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2019-08-21
Generalized Metric Repair on Graphs
Many modern data analysis algorithms either assume or are considerably more efficient if the distances between the data points satisfy a metric. These algorithms include metric learning, clustering, and dimension reduction. As real data sets are noisy, distances often fail to satisfy a metric. For this reason, Gilbert ...
1908.08411v1
2019-09-19
Parameterized Complexity of Manipulating Sequential Allocation
The sequential allocation protocol is a simple and popular mechanism to allocate indivisible goods, in which the agents take turns to pick the items according to a predefined sequence. While this protocol is not strategy-proof, it has been shown recently that finding a successful manipulation for an agent is an NP-hard...
1909.08920v4
2019-11-06
Doppler Spectrum Classification with CNNs via Heatmap Location Encoding and a Multi-head Output Layer
Spectral Doppler measurements are an important part of the standard echocardiographic examination. These measurements give important insight into myocardial motion and blood flow providing clinicians with parameters for diagnostic decision making. Many of these measurements can currently be performed automatically with...
1911.02407v2
2020-01-02
The Effect of Treatment-Related Deaths and "Sticky" Diagnoses on Recorded Prostate Cancer Mortality
Background: Although recorded cancer mortality should include both deaths from cancer and deaths from cancer treatment, there is evidence suggesting that the measure may be incomplete. To investigate the completeness of recorded prostate cancer mortality, we compared other-cause (non-prostate cancer) mortality in men f...
2001.00492v1
2020-06-09
Elemental Abundances in M31: Iron and Alpha Element Abundances in M31's Outer Halo
We present [Fe/H] and [$\alpha$/Fe] abundances, derived using spectral synthesis techniques, for stars in M31's outer stellar halo. The 21 [Fe/H] measurements and 7 [$\alpha$/Fe] measurements are drawn from fields ranging from 43 to 165 kpc in projected distance from M31. We combine our measurements with existing liter...
2006.05430v1
2020-11-11
Unique Decoding of Explicit $ε$-balanced Codes Near the Gilbert-Varshamov Bound
The Gilbert-Varshamov bound (non-constructively) establishes the existence of binary codes of distance $1/2 -\epsilon$ and rate $\Omega(\epsilon^2)$ (where an upper bound of $O(\epsilon^2\log(1/\epsilon))$ is known). Ta-Shma [STOC 2017] gave an explicit construction of $\epsilon$-balanced binary codes, where any two di...
2011.05500v1
2021-03-30
Equivalence between Sobolev spaces of first-order dominating mixed smoothness and unanchored ANOVA spaces on $\mathbb{R}^d$
We prove that a variant of the classical Sobolev space of first-order dominating mixed smoothness is equivalent (under a certain condition) to the unanchored ANOVA space on $\mathbb{R}^d$, for $d \geq 1$. Both spaces are Hilbert spaces involving weight functions, which determine the behaviour as different variables ten...
2103.16075v3
2021-06-13
Advantages of a semi-implicit scheme over a fully implicit scheme for Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation
Magnetization dynamics in magnetic materials is modeled by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. In the LLG equation, the length of magnetization is conserved and the system energy is dissipative. Implicit and semi-implicit schemes have been used in micromagnetics simulations due to their unconditional numerical ...
2106.06936v1
2021-08-06
A second-order semi-implicit method for the inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation
Recent theoretical and experimental advances show that the inertia of magnetization emerges at sub-picoseconds and contributes to the ultrafast magnetization dynamics which cannot be captured intrinsically by the LLG equation. Therefore, as a generalization, the inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (iLLG) equation is propo...
2108.03060v1
2021-09-08
Flares, Rotation, and Planets of the AU Mic System from TESS Observations
AU Mic is a young ($\sim$24 Myr), pre-Main Sequence M~dwarf star that was observed in the first month of science observations of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and re-observed two years later. This target has photometric variability from a variety of sources that is readily apparent in the TESS light ...
2109.03924v1
2021-10-29
The TREX Survey: Kinematical Complexity Throughout M33's Stellar Disk and Evidence for a Stellar Halo
We present initial results from a large spectroscopic survey of stars throughout M33's stellar disk. We analyze a sample of 1667 red giant branch (RGB) stars extending to projected distances of $\sim 11$ kpc from M33's center ($\sim 18$ kpc, or $\sim 10$ scale lengths, in the plane of the disk). The line-of-sight veloc...
2110.15773v1
2021-11-23
Magnetism in Metastable and Annealed Compositionally Complex Alloys
Compositionally complex materials (CCMs) present a potential paradigm shift in the design of magnetic materials. These alloys exhibit long-range structural order coupled with limited or no chemical order. As a result, extreme local environments exist with a large opposing magnetic energy term, which can manifest large ...
2111.12188v1
2021-11-23
Controlling magnetic configuration in soft-hard bilayers probed by polarized neutron reflectometry
Hard/soft magnetic bilayer thin films have been widely used in data storage technologies and permanent magnet applications. The magnetic configuration and response to temperatures and magnetic fields in these heterostructures are considered to be highly dependent on the interfacial coupling. However, the intrinsic prop...
2111.12191v1
2022-01-18
On-demand electrical control of spin qubits
Once called a "classically non-describable two-valuedness" by Pauli , the electron spin is a natural resource for long-lived quantum information since it is mostly impervious to electric fluctuations and can be replicated in large arrays using silicon quantum dots, which offer high-fidelity control. Paradoxically, one ...
2201.06679v2
2022-04-28
Anti-microbial properties of a multi-component alloy
High traffic touch surfaces such as doorknobs, countertops, and handrails can be transmission points for the spread of pathogens, emphasizing the need to develop materials that actively self-sanitize. Metals are frequently used for these surfaces due to their durability, but many metals also possess antimicrobial prope...
2205.00886v1
2022-05-11
Models of Advance Recording Systems: A Multi-timescale Micromagnetic code for granular thin film magnetic recording systems
Micromagnetic modelling provides the ability to simulate large magnetic systems accurately without the computational cost limitation imposed by atomistic modelling. Through micromagnetic modelling it is possible to simulate systems consisting of thousands of grains over a time range of nanoseconds to years, depending u...
2205.05263v1
2023-01-03
Measuring Physical and Electrical Parameters in Free-Living Subjects: Motivating an Instrument to Characterize Analytes of Clinical Importance in Blood Samples
Significance: A path is described to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of body-worn devices used to monitor patient health. This path supports improved health management. A wavelength-choice algorithm developed at Mayo demonstrates that critical biochemical analytes can be assessed using accurate optical absorption...
2301.00938v2
2023-01-09
A Second Earth-Sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of the M Dwarf, TOI-700
We report the discovery of TOI-700 e, a 0.95 R$_\oplus$ planet residing in the Optimistic Habitable Zone (HZ) of its host star. This discovery was enabled by multiple years of monitoring from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. The host star, TOI-700 (TIC 150428135), is a nearby (31.1 pc), inac...
2301.03617v1
2023-01-17
Introduction to Non-Invasive Current Estimation (NICE)
It is notoriously difficult to measure instantaneous supply current to a device such as an ASIC, FPGA, or CPU without also affecting the instantaneous supply voltage and compromising the operation of the device [21]. For decades designers have relied on rough estimates of dynamic load currents that stimulate a designed...
2301.10237v1
2023-02-08
Weighted Edit Distance Computation: Strings, Trees and Dyck
Given two strings of length $n$ over alphabet $\Sigma$, and an upper bound $k$ on their edit distance, the algorithm of Myers (Algorithmica'86) and Landau and Vishkin (JCSS'88) computes the unweighted string edit distance in $\mathcal{O}(n+k^2)$ time. Till date, it remains the fastest algorithm for exact edit distance ...
2302.04229v1
2023-03-09
Zonostrophic instabilities in magnetohydrodynamic Kolmogorov flow
This paper concerns the stability of Kolmogorov flow u = (0, sin x) in the infinite (x,y)-plane. A mean magnetic field of strength B0 is introduced and the MHD linear stability problem studied for modes with wave-number k in the y-direction, and Bloch wavenumber l in the x-direction. The parameters governing the proble...
2303.05212v1
2023-03-30
Fate of entanglement in magnetism under Lindbladian or non-Markovian dynamics and conditions for their transition to Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert classical dynamics
It is commonly assumed in spintronics and magnonics that localized spins within antiferromagnets are in the N\'{e}el ground state (GS), as well as that such state evolves, when pushed out of equilibrium by current or external fields, according to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation viewing localized spins as cla...
2303.17596v3
2024-02-07
Item-Level Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) on Depression: Implications for Inference, Generalizability, and Identification
In analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), Item Response Theory (IRT) models that allow for heterogeneity in the treatment effect at the item level merit consideration. These models for ``item-level heterogeneous treatment effects'' (IL-HTE) can provide more accur...
2402.04487v1
1995-02-16
Lyman alpha Emission from High-Redshift Galaxies
We summarise the results of a deep search for Lyman alpha emission from star-forming regions associated with damped Lyman alpha absorption systems and conclude that the Lyman alpha luminosity of high redshift galaxies is generally less than 10^(42) erg/s . We also present a newly discovered case, in the field of the QS...
9502076v1
1995-10-12
Limits on diffusive shock acceleration in dense and incompletely ionised media
The limits imposed on diffusive shock acceleration by upstream ion-neutral Alfven wave damping, and by ionisation and Coulomb losses of low energy particles, are calculated. Analytic solutions are given for the steady upstream wave excitation problem with ion-neutral damping and the resulting escaping upstream flux cal...
9510066v2
1995-11-28
Damping of GRR instability by direct URCA reactions
The role of direct URCA reactions in damping of the gravitational radiation driven instability is discussed. The temperature at which bulk viscosity suppresses completely this instability is calculated. The results are obtained analytically using recent calculations performed in the case of bulk viscosity due to the ...
9511136v1
1997-10-31
Abundances in Damped Lyman-alpha Systems and Chemical Evolution of High Redshift Galaxies
Recent abundance measurements in damped Lyman-alpha galaxies, supplemented with unpublished Keck observations, are discussed. The metallicity distribution with cosmic time is examined for clues about the degree of enrichment, the onset of initial star formation, and the nature of the galxies. The relative abundances of...
9710370v1
1998-05-08
Exploring the Damped Lyman-alpha Clouds with AXAF
The High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) Spectrometer on the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) (scheduled for launch in August, 1998) will provide a new tool for the study of absorption in the X-ray spectra of high redshift quasars due to the material along the line of sight. In this paper we try to explor...
9805110v1
1998-05-28
Photon Damping of Waves in Accretion Disks
MHD turbulence is generally believed to have two important functions in accretion disks: it transports angular momentum outward, and the energy in its shortest wavelength modes is dissipated into the heat that the disks radiate. In this paper we examine a pair of mechanisms which may play an important role in regulatin...
9805358v1
1998-06-11
Damping of differential rotation in neutron stars
We derive the transport relaxation times for quasiparticle-vortex scattering processes via nuclear force, relevant for the damping of differential rotation of superfluids in the quantum liquid core of a neutron star. The proton scattering off the neutron vortices provides the dominant resistive force on the vortex latt...
9806156v1
1999-03-10
Elemental abundances at early times: the nature of Damped Lyman-alpha systems
The distribution of element abundances with redshift in Damped Ly-alpha (DLA) systems can be adequately reproduced by the same model reproducing the halo and disk components of the Milky Way Galaxy at different galactocentric distances: DLA systems are well represented by normal spiral galaxies in their early evolution...
9903150v1
1999-07-26
Are Damped Ly-alpha Systems Large, Galactic Disks ?
The hypothesis that the Damped Ly-alpha systems (DLAs) are large, galactic disks (Milky Way sized) is tested by confronting predictions of models of the formation and evolution of (large) disk galaxies with observations, in particular the Zinc abundance distribution with neutral hydrogen column density found for DLAs. ...
9907349v1
1999-08-26
Oscillator Strengths and Damping Constants for Atomic Lines in the J and H Bands
We have built a line list in the near-infrared J and H bands (1.00-1.34, 1.49-1.80 um) by gathering a series of laboratory and computed line lists. Oscillator strengths and damping constants were computed or obtained by fitting the solar spectrum. The line list presented in this paper is, to our knowledge, the most c...
9908296v1
1999-11-25
Probing Solar Convection
In the solar convection zone acoustic waves are scattered by turbulent sound speed fluctuations. In this paper the scattering of waves by convective cells is treated using Rytov's technique. Particular care is taken to include diffraction effects which are important especially for high-degree modes that are confined to...
9911469v1
1999-12-14
The Gas Reservoir for present day Galaxies : Damped Ly-alpha Absorption Systems
We present results from an ongoing search for galaxy counterparts of a subgroup of Quasar Absorption Line Systems called Damped Ly-alpha Absorbers (DLAs). DLAs have several characteristics that make them essential in the process of understanding how galaxies formed in the early universe and evolved to the galaxies we s...
9912268v1
2000-06-22
Nuclear Reaction Rates in a Plasma: The Effect of Highly Damped Modes
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is used to evaluate the screening factor of nuclear reactions due to the electromagnetic fluctuations in a plasma. We show that the commonly used Saltpeter factor is obtained if only fluctuations near the plasma eigenfrequency are assumed to be important (\omega \sim \omega_{pe}\ll T...
0006326v1
2000-09-06
The Cosmological Evolution of Quasar Damped Lyman-Alpha Systems
We present results from an efficient, non-traditional survey to discover damped Lyman-alpha (DLA) absorption-line systems with neutral hydrogen column densities N(HI)>2x10^{20} atoms cm^{-2} and redshifts z<1.65. Contrary to previous studies at higher redshift that showed a decrease in the cosmological mass density of ...
0009098v1
2001-01-13
Measuring Feedback in Damped Lyman Alpha Systems
We measure feedback (heating rates) in damped Lyman alpha systems from the cooling rate of the neutral gas. Since cooling occurs through [C II] 158 micron emission, we infer cooling from C II^{*} 1335.7 absorption lines detected with HIRES on the Keck I telescope. The inferred heating rates are about 30 times lower tha...
0101218v1
2001-04-18
The First Detection of Cobalt in a Damped Lyman Alpha System
We present the first ever detection of Cobalt in a Damped Lyman Alpha system (DLA) at z = 1.92. In addition to providing important clues to the star formation history of these high redshift galaxies, we discuss how studying the Co abundance in DLAs may also help to constrain models of stellar nucleosynthesis in a regim...
0104301v1
2001-05-09
Nuclear reaction rates and energy in stellar plasmas : The effect of highly damped modes
The effects of the highly damped modes in the energy and reaction rates in a plasma are discussed. These modes, with wavenumbers $k \gg k_{D}$, even being only weakly excited, with less than $k_{B}T$ per mode, make a significant contribution to the energy and screening in a plasma. When the de Broglie wavelength is muc...
0105153v1
2001-07-03
The HI Content and Extent of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies - Could LSB Galaxies be Responsible for Damped Ly-alpha Absorption?
Low surface brightness galaxies, those galaxies with a central surface brightness at least one magnitude fainter than the night sky, are often not included in discussions of extragalactic gas at z < 0.1. In this paper we review many of the properties of low surface brightness galaxies, including recent studies which in...
0107064v1
2001-09-10
H_2 molecules in damped systems
Damped Lyman alpha systems seen in the spectra of high-z QSOs arise in high-density neutral gas in which molecular hydrogen (H_2) should be conspicuous. Systematic searches to detect the H_2 lines redshifted into the Lyman alpha forest at <3400\AA are now possible thanks to the unique capabilities of UVES on the VLT. H...
0109155v1
2001-10-23
A scaling law of interstellar depletions as a tool for abundance studies of Damped Ly alpha systems
An analytical expression is presented that allows dust depletions to be estimated in different types of interstellar environments, including Damped Ly alpha systems. The expression is a scaling law of a reference depletion pattern and takes into account the possibility that the dust chemical composition may vary as a f...
0110499v1
2002-09-23
Outflows in Galaxies and Damped Ly-alpha System
Although quasar absorbers, and in particular Damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs) have proven a valuable tool to study the early Universe, their exact nature is so far poorly constrained. It has been suggested that outflows in galaxies might account for at least part of the DLA population. Observational evidences and mode...
0209463v1
2004-03-15
The Damping Wing of the Gunn-Peterson Absorption and Lyman-Alpha Emitters in the Pre-Reionization Era
We use a numerical simulation of cosmological reionization to estimate the likelihood of detecting Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies during the pre-reionization era. We show that it is possible to find galaxies even at z~9 that are barely affected by the dumping wing of the Gunn-Peterson absorption from the neutral IGM out...
0403345v1
2005-05-28
Cosmic ray transport in MHD turbulence
Recent advances in understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence call for revisions in the picture of cosmic ray transport. In this paper we use recently obtained scaling laws for MHD modes to obtain the scattering frequency for cosmic rays. We account for the turbulence cutoff arising from both collisional and...
0505575v1
2005-06-09
Phantom damping of matter perturbations
Cosmological scaling solutions are particularly important in solving the coincidence problem of dark energy. We derive the equations of sub-Hubble linear matter perturbations for a general scalar-field Lagrangian--including quintessence, tachyon, dilatonic ghost condensate and k-essence--and solve them analytically for...
0506222v1
2005-06-22
A Damped Ly-alpha Absorption-line System in an Apparent Void at Redshift 2.38
We study the contents of an apparent void in the distribution of Ly-alpha emitting galaxies at redshift 2.38. We show that this void is not empty, but contains a damped Ly-alpha absorption-line system, seen in absorption against background QSO 2138-4427. Imaging does not reveal any galaxy associated with this absorptio...
0506525v1
2005-08-08
Fluorescence in damp air and comments on the radiative life time
Photon yields in damp air excited by an electron using a Sr90 $\beta$ source are compared withthose in dry air. Water vapors considerably reduce the yields, however, a further study is needed to evaluate the effects on the energy estimation of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. The relation of fluorescence efficiency to the...
0508183v1
2006-08-17
Electron thermal conductivity owing to collisions between degenerate electrons
We calculate the thermal conductivity of electrons produced by electron-electron Coulomb scattering in a strongly degenerate electron gas taking into account the Landau damping of transverse plasmons. The Landau damping strongly reduces this conductivity in the domain of ultrarelativistic electrons at temperatures belo...
0608371v1
2006-09-19
Dust, Metals and Diffuse Interstellar Bands in Damped Lyman Alpha Systems
Although damped Lyman alpha (DLA) systems are usually considered metal-poor, it has been suggested that this could be due to observational bias against metal-enriched absorbers. I review recent surveys to quantify the particular issue of dust obscuration bias and demonstrate that there is currently no compelling observ...
0609530v1
2006-11-08
Comments on Viscous Damping of Non-Adiabatic MHD Waves in an Unbounded Solar Coronal Plasma by Kumar and Kumar
Considering thermal conduction, compressive viscosity and optically thin radiation as damping mechanisms for MHD waves, we derive a six-order general dispersion relation. We point out a fundamental flaw in the derivation of five-order dispersion relation by Kumar and Kumar (2006) who adopt as a basis vector. The correc...
0611252v2
2007-01-10
Non-gaussianity in fluctuations from warm inflation
The scalar mode density perturbations in a the warm inflationary scenario are analysed with a view to predicting the amount of non-gaussianity produced by this scenario. The analysis assumes that the inflaton evolution is strongly damped by the radiation, with damping terms that are temperature independent. Entropy flu...
0701302v2
1998-05-22
WKB for a damped spin
The master equation for a damped spin well known from the theory of superradiance, is written as a finite-difference equation and solved by a WKB-like method. The propagator thus obtained looks like the van Vleck propagator of a certain classical Hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom. A new interpretation is pr...
9805018v1
1998-11-04
Cascades of energy and helicity in the GOY shell model of turbulence
The effect of extreme hyperviscous damping, $\nu k_n^p, p=\infty$ is studied numerically in the GOY shell model of turbulence. It has resently been demonstrated [Leveque and She, Phys. Rev. Lett, 75,2690 (1995)] that the inertial range scaling in the GOY model is non-universal and depending on the viscous damping. The ...
9811009v1
1994-02-04
Effects of Disorder in a Dilute Bose Gas
We discuss the effects of a weak random external potential on the properties of the dilute Bose gas at zero temperature. The results recently obtained by Huang and Meng for the depletion of the condensate and of the superfluid density are recovered. Results for the shift of the velocity of sound as well as for its damp...
9402015v1
1995-02-10
The influence of structure disorder on mean atomic momentum fluctuations and a spin-wave spectrum
The relation between atomic momenta fluctuations and density fluctuations is obtained in frames of mean-field approximation. Using two-time temperature Green functions within Tyablikov approximation the equations for spin excitation energy and damping are obtained. The asymptotics of energy and damping in the long-wave...
9502042v1
1997-02-13
Comment on "Collective Excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Magnetic Trap"
We calculate the damping rate of collective excitations for a nearly pure Bose-Einstein condensate regarding the recent experiments in MIT [M.-O. Mews et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 988 (1996)]. The decay time of collective excitations obtained in our theoretical calculations agrees well with their experimental result. We...
9702122v1
1997-08-14
Landau damping in dilute Bose gases
Landau damping in weakly interacting Bose gases is investigated by means of perturbation theory. Our approach points out the crucial role played by Bose-Einstein condensation and yields an explicit expression for the decay rate of elementary excitations in both uniform and non uniform gases. Systematic results are deri...
9708104v1
1997-11-07
Coulomb suppression of NMR coherence peak in fullerene superconductors
The suppressed NMR coherence peak in the fullerene superconductors is explained in terms of the dampings in the superconducting state induced by the Coulomb interaction between conduction electrons. The Coulomb interaction, modelled in terms of the onsite Hubbard repulsion, is incorporated into the Eliashberg theory of...
9711060v2
1997-12-09
The Sound of Sonoluminescence
We consider an air bubble in water under conditions of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) and evaluate the emitted sound field nonperturbatively for subsonic gas-liquid interface motion. Sound emission being the dominant damping mechanism, we also implement the nonperturbative sound damping in the Rayleigh-Plesset e...
9712097v1
1998-07-02
Linear systems with adiabatic fluctuations
We consider a dynamical system subjected to weak but adiabatically slow fluctuations of external origin. Based on the ``adiabatic following'' approximation we carry out an expansion in \alpha/|\mu|, where \alpha is the strength of fluctuations and 1/|\mu| refers to the time scale of evolution of the unperturbed system ...
9807031v1
1998-12-02
Vortex lattice melting and the damping of the dHvA oscillations in the mixed state
Phase fluctuations in the superconducting order parameter, which are responsible for the melting of the Abrikosov vortex lattice below the mean field $H_{c2}$, are shown to dramatically enhance the scattering of quasi-particles by the fluctuating pair potential, thus leading to enhanced damping of the dHvA oscillations...
9812040v1
1999-01-19
Damping of Growth Oscillations
Computer simulations and scaling theory are used to investigate the damping of oscillations during epitaxial growth on high-symmetry surfaces. The crossover from smooth to rough growth takes place after the deposition of (D/F)^\delta monolayers, where D and F are the surface diffusion constant and the deposition rate, ...
9901178v1
1999-06-15
Temperature-induced resonances and Landau damping of collective modes in Bose-Einstein condensed gases in spherical traps
Interaction between collective monopole oscillations of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate and thermal excitations is investigated by means of perturbation theory. We assume spherical symmetry to calculate the matrix elements by solving the linearized Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We use them to study the resonances of t...
9906214v1
1999-08-03
Kinetic Theory of Collective Modes in Atomic Clouds above the Bose-Einstein Transition Temperature
We calculate frequencies and damping rates of the lowest collective modes of a dilute Bose gas confined in an anisotropic trapping potential above the Bose-Einstein transition temperature. From the Boltzmann equation with a simplified collision integral we derive a general dispersion relation that interpolates between ...
9908043v1
1999-09-01
Normal Fermi Liquid Behavior of Quasiholes in the Spin-Polaron Model for Copper Oxides
Based on the t-J model and the self-consistent Born approximation, the damping of quasiparticle hole states near the Fermi surface is calculated in a low doping regime. Renormalization of spin-wave excitations due to hole doping is taken into account. The damping is shown to be described by a familiar form $\text{Im}\S...
9909020v1
1999-12-01
Impurity relaxation mechanism for dynamic magnetization reversal in a single domain grain
The interaction of coherent magnetization rotation with a system of two-level impurities is studied. Two different, but not contradictory mechanisms, the `slow-relaxing ion' and the `fast-relaxing ion' are utilized to derive a system of integro-differential equations for the magnetization. In the case that the impurity...
9912014v1
2000-02-16
Dissipative dynamics of Bose condensates in optical cavities
We study the zero temperature dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in driven high-quality optical cavities in the limit of large atom-field detuning. We calculate the stationary ground state and the spectrum of coupled atom and field mode excitations for standing wave cavities as well as for travelling wave cavities. ...
0002247v1
2000-03-27
Effect of memory and dynamical chaos in long Josephson junctions
A long Josephson junction in a constant external magnetic field and in the presence of a dc bias current is investigated. It is shown that the system, simulated by the sine-Gorgon equation, "remembers" a rapidly damping initial perturbation and final asymptotic states are determined exactly with this perturbation. Nume...
0003421v1
2000-09-13
Oscillations of the superconducting order parameter in a ferromagnet
Planar tunneling spectroscopy reveals damped oscillations of the superconducting order parameter induced into a ferromagnetic thin film by the proximity effect. The oscillations are due to the finite momentum transfer provided to Cooper pairs by the splitting of the spin up and down bands in the ferromagnet. As a conse...
0009192v1
2000-09-29
Damping and revivals of collective oscillations in a finite-temperature model of trapped Bose-Einstein condensation
We utilize a two-gas model to simulate collective oscillations of a Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperatures. The condensate is described using a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which is coupled to a thermal cloud modelled by a Monte Carlo algorithm. This allows us to include the collective dynamics of bo...
0009468v1
2001-04-18
Effective rate equations for the over-damped motion in fluctuating potentials
We discuss physical and mathematical aspects of the over-damped motion of a Brownian particle in fluctuating potentials. It is shown that such a system can be described quantitatively by fluctuating rates if the potential fluctuations are slow compared to relaxation within the minima of the potential, and if the positi...
0104330v1
2001-09-05
Spin Excitations in a Fermi Gas of Atoms
We have experimentally investigated a spin excitation in a quantum degenerate Fermi gas of atoms. In the hydrodynamic regime the damping time of the collective excitation is used to probe the quantum behavior of the gas. At temperatures below the Fermi temperature we measure up to a factor of 2 reduction in the excitat...
0109098v2
2001-10-09
Freezing of a Stripe Liquid
The existence of a stripe-liquid phase in a layered nickelate, La(1.725)Sr(0.275)NiO(4), is demonstrated through neutron scattering measurements. We show that incommensurate magnetic fluctuations evolve continuously through the charge-ordering temperature, although an abrupt decrease in the effective damping energy is ...
0110191v2
2001-12-13
Magnon softening and damping in the ferromagnetic manganites due to orbital correlations
We present a theory for spin excitations in ferromagnetic metallic manganites and demonstrate that orbital fluctuations have strong effects on the magnon dynamics in the case these compounds are close to a transition to an orbital ordered state. In particular we show that the scattering of the spin excitations by low-l...
0112252v2
2002-01-16
Quantum Spin dynamics of the Bilayer Ferromagnet La(1.2)Sr(1.8)Mn2O7
We construct a theory of spin wave excitations in the bilayer manganite La(1.2)Sr(1.8)Mn2O7 based on the simplest possible double-exchange model, but including leading quantum corrections to the spin wave dispersion and damping. Comparison is made with recent inelastic neutron scattering experiments. We find that quant...
0201269v1
2002-02-21
Dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature in an atomoptical coherence filter
The macroscopic coherent tunneling through the barriers of a periodic potential is used as an atomoptical filter to separate the condensate and the thermal components of a $^{87}$Rb mixed cloud. We condense in the combined potential of a laser standing-wave superimposed on the axis of a cigar-shape magnetic trap and in...
0202369v1
2002-03-11
A Damping of the de Haas-van Alphen Oscillations in the superconducting state
Deploying a recently developed semiclassical theory of quasiparticles in the superconducting state we study the de Haas-van Alphen effect. We find that the oscillations have the same frequency as in the normal state but their amplitude is reduced. We find an analytic formulae for this damping which is due to tunnelling...
0203224v1
2002-03-26
Measurement induced quantum-classical transition
A model of an electrical point contact coupled to a mechanical system (oscillator) is studied to simulate the dephasing effect of measurement on a quantum system. The problem is solved at zero temperature under conditions of strong non-equilibrium in the measurement apparatus. For linear coupling between the oscillator...
0203521v3
2002-07-04
Fluctuations and correlations in hexagonal optical patterns
We analyze the influence of noise in transverse hexagonal patterns in nonlinear Kerr cavities. The near field fluctuations are determined by the neutrally stable Goldstone modes associated to translational invariance and by the weakly damped soft modes. However these modes do not contribute to the far field intensity f...
0207127v2
2002-09-19
Damping of long-wavelength collective excitations in quasi-onedimensional Fermi liquids
The imaginary part of the exchange-correlation kernel in the longitudinal current-current response function of a quasi-onedimensional Fermi liquid is evaluated by an approximate decoupling in the equation of motion for the current density, which accounts for processes of excitation of two particle-hole pairs. The two-p...
0209455v1
2002-11-05
Magnetic fluctuations and resonant peak in cuprates: a microscopic theory
The theory for the dynamical spin susceptibility within the t-J model is developed, as relevant for the resonant magnetic peak and normal-state magnetic response in superconducting (SC) cuprates. The analysis is based on the equations of motion for spins and the memory-function presentation of magnetic response where t...
0211090v1
2002-11-20
Damping of Nodal Fermions Caused by a Dissipative Mode
Using a $d_{x^2 - y^2}$ superconductor in 2+1 dimensions we show that the Nambu Goldstone fluctuations are replaced by dissipative excitations. We find that the nodal quasi-particles damping is caused by the strong dissipative excitations near the nodal points. As a result we find that the scattering rates are linear i...
0211440v1
2003-05-27
Dynamics of a classical gas including dissipative and mean field effects
By means of a scaling ansatz, we investigate an approximated solution of the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation for a classical gas. Within this framework, we derive the frequencies and the damping of the collective oscillations of a harmonically trapped gas and we investigate its expansion after release of the trap. The method...
0305624v1
2003-07-21
Chaotic scattering of a quantum particle weakly coupled to a very complicated background
Effect of a complicated many-body environment is analyzed on the chaotic motion of a quantum particle in a mesoscopic ballistic structure. The dephasing and absorption phenomena are treated on the same footing in the framework of a model which is free of the ambiguities inherent to earlier models. The single-particle d...
0307496v1
2003-09-24
Landau Damping in a 2D Electron Gas with Imposed Quantum Grid
Dielectric properties of semiconductor substrate with imposed two dimensional (2D) periodic grid of quantum wires or nanotubes (quantum crossbars, QCB) are studied. It is shown that a capacitive contact between QCB and semiconductor substrate does not destroy the Luttinger liquid character of the long wave QCB excitati...
0309546v2
2003-11-21
Self-stabilised fractality of sea-coasts through damped erosion
Erosion of rocky coasts spontaneously creates irregular seashores. But the geometrical irregularity, in turn, damps the sea-waves, decreasing the average wave amplitude. There may then exist a mutual self-stabilisation of the waves amplitude together with the irregular morphology of the coast. A simple model of such st...
0311509v1
2003-12-10
Exciton-LO-phonon dynamics in InAs/GaAs quantum dots: Effects of zone-edge phonon damping
The dynamics of an exciton-LO-phonon system after an ultrafast optical excitation in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot is studied theoretically. Influence of anharmonic phonon damping and its interplay with the phonon dispersion is analyzed. The signatures of the zone-edge decay process in the absorption spectrum and time evolu...
0312256v2
2004-01-13
Vortex waves and the onset of turbulence in $^3$He-B
In a recent experiment Finne et al. discovered an intrinsic condition for the onset of quantum turbulence in $^3$He-B, that q=alpha/(1-alpha')<1, where alpha and alpha' are mutual friction parameters. The authors argued that this condition corresponds to Kelvin waves which are marginally damped, so for q>1 Kelvin waves...
0401212v1
2004-01-28
Long lived acoustic vibrational modes of an embedded nanoparticle
Classical continuum elastic calculations show that the acoustic vibrational modes of an embedded nanoparticle can be lightly damped even when the longitudinal plane wave acoustic impedances $Z_o=\rho v_L$ of the nanoparticle and the matrix are the same. It is not necessary for the matrix to be less dense or softer than...
0401579v2
2004-07-20
Dynamics of a trapped ultracold two-dimensional atomic gas
This article is devoted to the study of two-dimensional Bose gases harmonically confined. We first summarize their equilibrium properties. For such a gas above the critical temperature, we also derive the frequencies and the damping of the collective oscillations and we investigate its expansion after releasing of the ...
0407522v1
2004-12-06
Thermal wave packets induced by attosecond laser pulses
In this paper the dynamics of the interaction of attosecond laser pulses with matter is investigated. It will be shown that the master equation: modified Klein-Gordon equation describes the propagation of the heatons. Heatons are the thermal wave packets. When the duration of the laser pulsees \delta t is of the order ...
0412126v1
2005-04-12
Nonlinear response and discrete breather excitation in driven micro-mechanical cantilever arrays
We explain the origin of the generation of discrete breathers (DBs) in experiments on damped and driven micromechanical cantilever arrays (M.Sato et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 90}, 044102, 2003). Using the concept of the nonlinear response manifold (NLRM) we provide a systematic way to find the optimal parameter regime ...
0504298v1
2005-05-14
Monopole Oscillations and Dampings in Boson and Fermion Mixture in the Time-Dependent Gross-Pitaevskii and Vlasov Equations
We construct a dynamical model for the time evolution of the boson-fermion coexistence system. The dynamics of bosons and fermions are formulated with the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevsky equation and the Vlasov equation. We thus study the monopole oscillation in the bose-fermi mixture. We find that large damping exists ...
0505357v1
2005-10-13
Superconducting Flywheel Model for Energy Storage Applications
In order to explore the complexity and diversity of the flywheels' dynamics, we have developed the real-physics computer model of a universal mechanical rotor. Due to an arbitrary external force concept, the model can be adjusted to operate identical to the real experimental prototype. Taking the high-speed magnetic ro...
0510346v1
2005-11-05
Ratchet Effect in Magnetization Reversal of Stoner Particles
A new strategy is proposed aimed at substantially reducing the minimal magnetization switching field for a Stoner particle. Unlike the normal method of applying a static magnetic field which must be larger than the magnetic anisotropy, a much weaker field, proportional to the damping constant in the weak damping regime...
0511135v1
2005-12-03
Apparent vibrational side-bands in pi-conjugated systems: the case of distyrylbenzene
The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of dilute solution and single crystals of distyrylbenzene show unique temperature dependent vibronic structures. The characteristic single frequency progression at high temperatures is modulated by a low frequency progression series at low temperatures. None of the series side band mo...
0512067v1
2006-05-26
Thermo-Plasma Polariton within Scaling Theory of Single-Layer Graphene
Electrodynamics of single-layer graphene is studied in the scaling regime. At any finite temperature, there is a weakly damped collective thermo-plasma polariton mode whose dispersion and wavelength dependent damping is determined analytically. The electric and magnetic fields associated with this mode decay exponentia...
0605642v1
2006-12-18
Shear viscosity and damping for a Fermi gas in the unitarity limit
The shear viscosity of a two-component Fermi gas in the normal phase is calculated as a function of temperature in the unitarity limit, taking into account strong-coupling effects that give rise to a pseudogap in the spectral density for single-particle excitations. The results indicate that recent measurements of the ...
0612460v2