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2021-04-15
Explaining Neptune's Eccentricity
Early migration damped Neptune's eccentricity. Here, we assume that the damped value was much smaller than the value observed today, and show that the closest flyby of $\sim 0.1 \; \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ star over $\sim 4.5 \mathrm{\; Gyr}$ in the field, at a distance of $\sim 10^3 \mathrm{\; AU}$ would explain the value of Neptune's eccentricity observed today.
2104.07672v3
2021-04-17
Lifespan estimates for wave equations with damping and potential posed on asymptotically Euclidean manifolds
In this work, we investigate the problem of finite time blow up as well as the upper bound estimates of lifespan for solutions to small-amplitude semilinear wave equations with time dependent damping and potential, and mixed nonlinearities $c_1 |u_t|^p+c_2 |u|^q$, posed on asymptotically Euclidean manifolds, which is related to both the Strauss conjecture and the Glassey conjecture.
2104.08497v2
2021-06-02
Convergent dynamics of optimal nonlinear damping control
Following Demidovich's concept and definition of convergent systems, we analyze the optimal nonlinear damping control, recently proposed [1] for the second-order systems. Targeting the problem of output regulation, correspondingly tracking of $\mathcal{C}^1$-trajectories, it is shown that all solutions of the control system are globally uniformly asymptotically stable. The existence of the unique limit solution in the origin of the control error and its time derivative coordinates are shown in the sense of Demidovich's convergent dynamics. Explanative numerical examples are also provided along with analysis.
2106.00962v1
2021-06-26
Role of Dissipation on the Stability of a Parametrically Driven Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
We study the dissipative dynamics of a single quantum harmonic oscillator subjected to a parametric driving with in an effective Hamiltonian approach. Using Liouville von Neumann approach, we show that the time evolution of a parametrically driven dissipative quantum oscillator has a strong connection with the classical damped Mathieu equation. Based on the numerical analysis of the Monodromy matrix, we demonstrate that the dynamical instability generated by the parametric driving are reduced by the effect of dissipation. Further, we obtain a closed relationship between the localization of the Wigner function and the stability of the damped Mathieu equation.
2106.14018v1
2021-07-11
Space-time arithmetic quasi-periodic homogenization for damped wave equations
This paper is concerned with space-time homogenization problems for damped wave equations with spatially periodic oscillating elliptic coefficients and temporally (arithmetic) quasi-periodic oscillating viscosity coefficients. Main results consist of a homogenization theorem, qualitative properties of homogenized matrices which appear in homogenized equations and a corrector result for gradients of solutions. In particular, homogenized equations and cell problems will turn out to deeply depend on the quasi-periodicity as well as the log ratio of spatial and temporal periods of the coefficients. Even types of equations will change depending on the log ratio and quasi-periodicity. Proofs of the main results are based on a (very weak) space-time two-scale convergence theory.
2107.04966v1
2021-07-29
Global existence for damped $σ$-evolution equations with nonlocal nonlinearity
In this research, we would like to study the global (in time) existence of small data solutions to the following damped $\sigma$-evolution equations with nonlocal (in space) nonlinearity: \begin{equation*} \partial_{t}^{2}u+(-\Delta)^{\sigma}u+\partial_{t}u+(-\Delta)^{\sigma}\partial_{t}u=I_{\alpha}(|u|^{p}), \ \ t>0, \ \ x\in \mathbb{R}^{n}, \end{equation*} where $\sigma\geq1$, $p>1$ and $I_{\alpha}$ is the Riesz potential of power nonlinearity $|u|^{p}$ for any $\alpha\in (0,n)$. More precisely, by using the $(L^{m}\cap L^{2})-L^{2}$ and $L^{2}-L^{2}$ linear estimates, where $m\in[1,2]$, we show the new influence of the parameter $\alpha$ on the admissible ranges of the exponent $p$.
2107.13924v1
2021-08-17
Estimate of the attractive velocity of attractors for some dynamical systems
In this paper, we first prove an abstract theorem on the existence of polynomial attractors and the concrete estimate of their attractive velocity for infinite-dimensional dynamical systems, then apply this theorem to a class of wave equations with nonlocal weak damping and anti-damping in case that the nonlinear term~$f$~is of subcritical growth.
2108.07410v4
2021-08-27
Distributed Mirror Descent Algorithm with Bregman Damping for Nonsmooth Constrained Optimization
To solve distributed optimization efficiently with various constraints and nonsmooth functions, we propose a distributed mirror descent algorithm with embedded Bregman damping, as a generalization of conventional distributed projection-based algorithms. In fact, our continuous-time algorithm well inherits good capabilities of mirror descent approaches to rapidly compute explicit solutions to the problems with some specific constraint structures. Moreover, we rigorously prove the convergence of our algorithm, along with the boundedness of the trajectory and the accuracy of the solution.
2108.12136v1
2021-08-27
Non relativistic and ultra relativistic limits in 2d stochastic nonlinear damped Klein-Gordon equation
We study the non relativistic and ultra relativistic limits in the two-dimensional nonlinear damped Klein-Gordon equation driven by a space-time white noise on the torus. In order to take the limits, it is crucial to clarify the parameter dependence in the estimates of solution. In this paper we present two methods to confirm this parameter dependence. One is the classical, simple energy method. Another is the method via Strichartz estimates.
2108.12183v4
2021-09-08
The isothermal limit for the compressible Euler equations with damping
We consider the isothermal Euler system with damping. We rigorously show the convergence of Barenblatt solutions towards a limit Gaussian profile in the isothermal limit $\gamma$ $\rightarrow$ 1, and we explicitly compute the propagation and the behavior of Gaussian initial data. We then show the weak L 1 convergence of the density as well as the asymptotic behavior of its first and second moments. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Assumptions and main results 3 3. The limit $\gamma$ $\rightarrow$ 1 of Barenblatt's solutions 6 4. Gaussian solutions 9 5. Evolution of certain quantities 10 6. Convergence 15 7. Conclusion 17 References 17
2109.03590v1
2021-11-01
Strong solution of modified 3D-Navier-stockes equations
In this paper we study the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with logarithme damping {\alpha} log(e + |u|2)|u|2u, where we used new methods, new tools and Fourier analysis
2111.00859v2
2021-11-02
Blow-up of solutions to semilinear wave equations with a time-dependent strong damping
The paper investigates a class of a semilinear wave equation with time-dependent damping term ($-\frac{1}{{(1+t)}^{\beta}}\Delta u_t$) and a nonlinearity $|u|^p$. We will show the influence of the the parameter $\beta$ in the blow-up results under some hypothesis on the initial data and the exponent $p$ by using the test function method. We also study the local existence in time of mild solution in the energy space $H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\times L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$.
2111.01433v1
2021-11-02
Around plane waves solutions of the Schr{ö}dinger-Langevin equation
We consider the logarithmic Schr{\"o}dinger equations with damping, also called Schr{\"o}dinger-Langevin equation. On a periodic domain, this equation possesses plane wave solutions that are explicit. We prove that these solutions are asymptotically stable in Sobolev regularity. In the case without damping, we prove that for almost all value of the nonlinear parameter, these solutions are stable in high Sobolev regularity for arbitrary long times when the solution is close to a plane wave. We also show and discuss numerical experiments illustrating our results.
2111.01487v1
2021-11-11
Stabilization for Euler-Bernoulli beam equation with a local degenerated Kelvin-Voigt damping
We consider the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation with a local Kelvin-Voigt dissipation type in the interval $(-1,1)$. The coefficient damping is only effective in $(0,1)$ and is degenerating near the $0$ point with a speed at least equal to $x^{\alpha}$ where $\alpha\in(0,5)$. We prove that the semigroup corresponding to the system is polynomially stable and the decay rate depends on the degeneracy speed $\alpha$.
2111.06431v1
2021-11-12
GCGE: A Package for Solving Large Scale Eigenvalue Problems by Parallel Block Damping Inverse Power Method
We propose an eigensolver and the corresponding package, GCGE, for solving large scale eigenvalue problems. This method is the combination of damping idea, subspace projection method and inverse power method with dynamic shifts. To reduce the dimensions of projection subspaces, a moving mechanism is developed when the number of desired eigenpairs is large. The numerical methods, implementing techniques and the structure of the package are presented. Plenty of numerical results are provided to demonstrate the efficiency, stability and scalability of the concerned eigensolver and the package GCGE for computing many eigenpairs of large symmetric matrices arising from applications.
2111.06552v1
2021-11-25
Continuity and topological structural stability for nonautonomous random attractors
In this work, we study continuity and topological structural stability of attractors for nonautonomous random differential equations obtained by small bounded random perturbations of autonomous semilinear problems. First, we study existence and permanence of unstable sets of hyperbolic solutions. Then, we use this to establish lower semicontinuity of nonautonomous random attractors and to show that the gradient structure persists under nonautonomous random perturbations. Finally, we apply the abstract results in a stochastic differential equation and in a damped wave equation with a perturbation on the damping.
2111.13006v1
2021-11-30
Determining damping terms in fractional wave equations
This paper deals with the inverse problem of recovering an arbitrary number of fractional damping terms in a wave equation. We develop several approaches on uniqueness and reconstruction, some of them relying on Tauberian theorems on the relation between the asymptotics of solutions in time and Laplace domain. Also the possibility of additionally recovering space dependent coefficients or initial data is discussed. The resulting methods for reconstructing coefficients and fractional orders in these terms are tested numerically. Additionally, we provide an analysis of the forward problem, a multiterm fractional wave equation.
2112.00080v2
2021-12-20
Dense Coding Capacity in Correlated Noisy Channels with Weak Measurement
Capacity of dense coding via correlated noisy channel is greater than that in uncorrelated noisy channel. It is shown that weak measurement and reversal measurement can make further effort to improve quantum dense coding capacity in correlated amplitude damping channel, but this effort is very small in correlated phase damping channel and correlated depolarizing channel.
2112.10346v1
2021-12-22
Low-frequency squeezing spectrum of a laser drivenpolar quantum emitter
It was shown by a study of the incoherent part of the low-frequency resonance fluorescence spectrum of the polar quantum emitter driven by semiclassical external laser field and damped by non-squeezed vacuum reservoir that the emitted fluorescence field is squeezed to some degree nevertheless. As was also found, a higher degree of squeezing could, in principle, be achieved by damping the emitter by squeezed vacuum reservoir.
2112.11809v1
2022-01-13
Cavity optomechanics in a fiber cavity: the role of stimulated Brillouin scattering
We study the role of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a fiber cavity by numerical simulations and a simple theoretical model and find good agreement between experiment, simulation and theory. We also investigate an optomechanical system based on a fiber cavity in the presence on the nonlinear Brillouin scattering. Using simulation and theory, we show that this hybrid optomechanical system increases optomechanical damping for low mechanical resonance frequencies in the unresolved sideband regime. Furthermore, optimal damping occurs for blue detuning in stark contrast to standard optomechanics. We investigate whether this hybrid optomechanical system is capable cooling a mechanical oscillator to the quantum ground state.
2201.04987v1
2022-01-20
Vacuum and singularity formation for compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping
In this paper, vacuum and singularity formation are considered for compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping. For $1<\gamma\leq 3$, by constructing some new control functions ingeniously, we obtain the lower bounds estimates on density for arbitrary classical solutions. Basing on these lower estimates, we succeed in proving the singular formation theorem for all $\lambda$, which was open in [1] for some cases.Moreover, the singularity formation of the compressible Euler equations when $\gamma=3$ is investigated, too.
2201.07957v1
2022-01-22
Absorption of charged particles in Perfectly-Matched-Layers by optimal damping of the deposited current
Perfectly-Matched Layers (PML) are widely used in Particle-In-Cell simulations, in order to absorb electromagnetic waves that propagate out of the simulation domain. However, when charged particles cross the interface between the simulation domain and the PMLs, a number of numerical artifacts can arise. In order to mitigate these artifacts, we introduce a new PML algorithm whereby the current deposited by the macroparticles in the PML is damped by an analytically-derived, optimal coefficient. The benefits of this new algorithm is illustrated in practical simulations.
2201.09084v2
2022-03-19
The Equilibrium Temperature of Planets on Eccentric Orbits: Time Scales and Averages
From estimates of the near-surface heat capacity of planets it is shown that the thermal time scale is larger than the orbital period in the presence of a global ocean that is well-mixed to a depth of 100 m, or of an atmosphere with a pressure of several tens of bars. As a consequence, the temperature fluctuations of such planets on eccentric orbits are damped. The average temperature should be calculated by taking the temporal mean of the irradiation over an orbit, which increases with $1/\sqrt{1-e^2}$. This conclusion is independent of the orbital distance and valid for Sun-like stars; the damping is even stronger for low-mass main sequence hosts.
2203.11723v1
2022-03-31
Long-time dynamical behavior for a piezoelectric system with magnetic effect and nonlinear dampings
This paper is concerned with the long-time dynamical behavior of a piezoelectric system with magnetic effect, which has nonlinear damping terms and external forces with a parameter. At first, we use the nonlinear semigroup theory to prove the well-posedness of solutions. Then, we investigate the properties of global attractors and the existence of exponential attractors. Finally, the upper semicontinuity of global attractors has been investigated.
2203.16736v1
2022-04-08
Effect of Tamm surface states on hot electron generation and Landau damping in nanostructures metal-semiconductor
The hot electron generation in plasmonic nanoparticles is the key to efficient plasmonic photocatalysis. In the paper, we study theoretically for the first time the effect of Tamm states (TSs) at the interface metal-semiconductor on hot electron generation and Landau damping (LD) in metal nanoparticles. TSs can lead to resonant hot electron generation and to the LD rate enhanced by several times. The resonant hot electron generation is reinforced by the transition absorption due to the jump of the permittivity at the metal-semiconductor interface.
2204.04021v1
2022-04-11
Certified Reduced Basis Method for the Damped Wave Equations on Networks
In this paper we present a reduced basis method which yields structure-preservation and a tight a posteriori error bound for the simulation of the damped wave equations on networks. The error bound is based on the exponential decay of the energy inside the system and therefore allows for sharp bounds without the need of regularization parameters. The fast convergence of the reduced solution to the truth solution as well as the tightness of the error bound are verified numerically using an academic network as example.
2204.05010v1
2022-04-27
Spectrum of the wave equation with Dirac damping on a non-compact star graph
We consider the wave equation on non-compact star graphs, subject to a distributional damping defined through a Robin-type vertex condition with complex coupling. It is shown that the non-self-adjoint generator of the evolution problem admits an abrupt change in its spectral properties for a special coupling related to the number of graph edges. As an application, we show that the evolution problem is highly unstable for the critical couplings. The relationship with the Dirac equation in non-relativistic quantum mechanics is also mentioned.
2204.12747v1
2022-04-27
Dependence on the thermodynamic state of self-diffusion of pseudo hard-spheres
Self-diffusion, $D$, in a system of particles that interact with a pseudo hard sphere potential is analyzed. Coupling with a solvent is represented by a Langevin thermostat, characterized by the damping time $t_d$. The hypotheses that $D=D_0 \varphi$ is proposed, where $D_0$ is the small concentration diffusivity and $\varphi$ is a thermodynamic function that represents the effects of interactions as concentration is increased. Molecular dynamics simulations show that different values of the noise intensity modify $D_0$ but do not modify $\varphi$. This result is consistent with the assumption that $\varphi$ is a thermodynamic function, since the thermodynamic state is not modified by the presence of damping and noise.
2204.12969v1
2022-04-29
Plasmon damping rates in Coulomb-coupled two-dimensional layers in a heterostructure
The Coulomb excitations of charge density oscillation are calculated for a double-layer heterostructure. Specifically, we consider two-dimensional (2D) layers of silicene and graphene on a substrate. From the obtained surface response function, we calculated the plasmon dispersion relations which demonstrate the way in which the Coulomb coupling renormalizes the plasmon frequencies. Additionally, we present a novel result for the damping rates of the plasmons in this Coulomb coupled heterostructure and compare these results as the separation between layers is varied.
2205.00053v1
2022-05-08
A regularity criterion for a 3D tropical climate model with damping
In this paper we deal with the 3D tropical climate model with damping terms in the equation of the barotropic mode $u$ and in the equation of the first baroclinic mode $v$ of the velocity, and we establish a regularity criterion for this system thanks to which the local smooth solution $(u, v, \theta)$ can actually be extended globally in time.
2205.03841v3
2022-06-04
Radiation backreaction in axion electrodynamics
Energy-momentum conservation of classical axion-electrodynamics is carefully analyzed in the Hamiltonian formulation of the theory. The term responsible for the energy transfer between the electromagnetic and the axion sectors is identified. As a special application the axion-to-light Primakoff-process in the background of a static magnetic field is worked out and the radiative self-damping of the axion oscillations is characterized quantitatively. The damping time turns out comparable to the age of the Universe in the preferred axion mass range.
2206.02052v1
2022-06-07
Strong attractors for weakly damped quintic wave equation in bounded domains
In this paper, we study the longtime dynamics for the weakly damped wave equation with quintic non-linearity in a bounded smooth domain of $\mathbb{R}^3.$ Based on the Strichartz estimates for the case of bounded domains, we establish the existence of a strong global attractor in the phase space $H^2(\Omega)\cap H^1_0(\Omega)\times H^1_0(\Omega)$. Moreover, the finite fractal dimension of the attractor is also shown with the help of the quasi-stable estimation.
2206.03158v1
2022-06-07
Long-time dynamics of the wave equation with nonlocal weak damping and sup-cubic nonlinearity in 3-D domains
In this paper, we study the long-time dynamics for the wave equation with nonlocal weak damping and sup-cubic nonlinearity in a bounded smooth domain of $\mathbb{R}^3.$ Based on the Strichartz estimates for the case of bounded domains, we first prove the global well-posedness of the Shatah-Struwe solutions. Then we establish the existence of the global attractor for the Shatah-Struwe solution semigroup by the method of contractive function. Finally, we verify the existence of a polynomial attractor for this semigroup.
2206.03163v1
2022-06-10
Spin Pumping into Anisotropic Dirac Electrons
We study spin pumping into an anisotropic Dirac electron system induced by microwave irradiation to an adjacent ferromagnetic insulator theoretically. We formulate the Gilbert damping enhancement due to the spin current flowing into the Dirac electron system using second-order perturbation with respect to the interfacial exchange coupling. As an illustration, we consider the anisotropic Dirac system realized in bismuth to show that the Gilbert damping varies according to the magnetization direction in the ferromagnetic insulator. Our results indicate that this setup can provide helpful information on the anisotropy of the Dirac electron system.
2206.04899v1
2022-06-20
Harmonic Oscillators of Mathematical Biology: Many Faces of a Predator-Prey Model
We show that a number of models in virus dynamics, epidemiology and plant biology can be presented as ``damped" versions of the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model, by analogy to the damped harmonic oscillator. The analogy deepens with the use of Lyapunov functions, which allow us to characterize their dynamics and even make some estimates.
2206.09561v1
2022-06-21
Phase-covariant mixtures of non-unital qubit maps
We analyze convex combinations of non-unital qubit maps that are phase-covariant. In particular, we consider the behavior of maps that combine amplitude damping, inverse amplitude damping, and pure dephasing. We show that mixing non-unital channels can result in restoring the unitality, whereas mixing commutative maps can lead to non-commutativity. For the convex combinations of Markovian semigroups, we prove that classical uncertainties cannot break quantum Markovianity. Moreover, contrary to the Pauli channel case, the semigroup can be recovered only by mixing two other semigroups.
2206.10742v1
2022-07-01
Stabilization results of a Lorenz piezoelectric beam with partial viscous dampings
In this paper, we investigate the stabilization of a one-dimensional Lorenz piezoelectric (Stretching system) with partial viscous dampings. First, by using Lorenz gauge conditions, we reformulate our system to achieve the existence and uniqueness of the solution. Next, by using General criteria of Arendt-Batty, we prove the strong stability in different cases. Finally, we prove that it is sufficient to control the stretching of the center-line of the beam in x-direction to achieve the exponential stability. Numerical results are also presented to validate our theoretical result.
2207.00488v1
2022-07-06
Quantum Decomposition Algorithm For Master Equations of Stochastic Processes: The Damped Spin Case
We introduce a quantum decomposition algorithm (QDA) that decomposes the problem $\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}=\mathcal{L}\rho=\lambda \rho$ into a summation of eigenvalues times phase-space variables. One interesting feature of QDA stems from its ability to simulate damped spin systems by means of pure quantum harmonic oscillators adjusted with the eigenvalues of the original eigenvalue problem. We test the proposed algorithm in the case of undriven qubit with spontaneous emission and dephasing.
2207.02755v3
2022-07-25
Geometric modelling of polycrystalline materials: Laguerre tessellations and periodic semi-discrete optimal transport
In this paper we describe a fast algorithm for generating periodic RVEs of polycrystalline materials. In particular, we use the damped Newton method from semi-discrete optimal transport theory to generate 3D periodic Laguerre tessellations (or power diagrams) with cells of given volumes. Complex, polydisperse RVEs with up to 100,000 grains of prescribed volumes can be created in a few minutes on a standard laptop. The damped Newton method relies on the Hessian of the objective function, which we derive by extending recent results in semi-discrete optimal transport theory to the periodic setting.
2207.12036v1
2022-07-27
Subsonic time-periodic solution to compressible Euler equations with damping in a bounded domain
In this paper, we consider the one-dimensional isentropic compressible Euler equations with linear damping $\beta(t,x)\rho u$ in a bounded domain, which can be used to describe the process of compressible flows through a porous medium.~And the model is imposed a dissipative subsonic time-periodic boundary condition.~Our main results reveal that the time-periodic boundary can trigger a unique subsonic time-periodic smooth solution which is stable under small perturbations on initial data. Moreover, the time-periodic solution possesses higher regularity and stability provided a higher regular boundary condition.
2207.13433v1
2022-09-10
Landau damping on the torus for the Vlasov-Poisson system with massless electrons
This paper studies the nonlinear Landau damping on the torus $\mathbb{T}^d$ for the Vlasov-Poisson system with massless electrons (VPME). We consider solutions with analytic or Gevrey ($\gamma > 1/3$) initial data, close to a homogeneous equilibrium satisfying a Penrose stability condition. We show that for such solutions, the corresponding density and force field decay exponentially fast as time goes to infinity. This work extends the results for Vlasov-Poisson on the torus to the case of ions and, more generally, to arbitrary analytic nonlinear couplings.
2209.04676v2
2022-09-25
Polynomial mixing of a stochastic wave equation with dissipative damping
We study the long time statistics of a class of semi--linear wave equations modeling the motions of a particle suspended in continuous media while being subjected to random perturbations via an additive Gaussian noise. By comparison with the nonlinear reaction settings, of which the solutions are known to possess geometric ergodicity, we find that, under the impact of nonlinear dissipative damping, the mixing rate is at least polynomial of any order. This relies on a combination of Lyapunov conditions, the contracting property of the Markov transition semigroup as well as the notion of $d$--small sets.
2209.12151v2
2022-09-30
A Lyapunov approach for the exponential stability of a damped Timoshenko beam
In this technical note, we consider the stability properties of a viscously damped Timoshenko beam equation with spatially varying parameters. With the help of the port-Hamiltonian framework, we first prove the existence of solutions and show, by an appropriate Lyapunov function, that the system is exponentially stable and has an explicit decay rate. The explicit exponential bound is computed for an illustrative example of which we provide some numerical simulations.
2209.15281v1
2022-11-01
Well-posedness and strong attractors for a beam model with degenerate nonlocal strong damping
This paper is devoted to initial-boundary value problem of an extensible beam equation with degenerate nonlocal energy damping in $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$: $u_{tt}-\kappa\Delta u+\Delta^2u-\gamma(\Vert \Delta u\Vert^2+\Vert u_t\Vert^2)^q\Delta u_t+f(u)=0$. We prove the global existence and uniqueness of weak solutions, which gives a positive answer to an open question in [24]. Moreover, we establish the existence of a strong attractor for the corresponding weak solution semigroup, where the ``strong" means that the compactness and attractiveness of the attractor are in the topology of a stronger space $\mathcal{H}_{\frac{1}{q}}$.
2211.00287v3
2022-12-01
The viscous damping of three dimensional spherical gas bubble inside unbounded compressible liquid
The present paper considers a homogeneous bubble inside an unbounded polytropic compressible liquid with viscosity. The system is governed by the Navier-Stokes equation with free boundary which is determined by the kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions on the bubble-liquid interface. The global existence of solution is proved, and the $\dot{H}^1$ asymptotic stability of the spherical equilibrium in terms of viscous damping together with a explicit decay rate is given in bare energy methods.
2212.00299v1
2023-02-17
Control of magnon-photon coupling by spin torque
We demonstrate the influence of damping and field-like torques in the magnon-photon coupling process by classically integrating the generalized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation with RLC equation in which a phase correlation between dynamic magnetization and microwave current through combined Amp\`ere and Faraday effects are considered. We show that the gap between two hybridized modes can be controlled in samples with damping parameter in the order of $10^{-3}$ by changing the direction of the dc current density $J$ if a certain threshold is reached. Our results suggest that an experimental realization of the proposed magnon-photon coupling control mechanism is feasible in yttrium iron garnet/Pt hybrid structures.
2302.08910v1
2023-02-23
Hopf-Like Bifurcation in a Wave Equation at a Removable Singularity
It is shown that a one-dimensional damped wave equation with an odd time derivative nonlinearity exhibits small amplitude bifurcating time periodic solutions, when the bifurcation parameter is the linear damping coefficient is positive and accumulates to zero. The upshot is that the singularity of the linearized operator at criticality which stems from the well known small divisor problem for the wave operator, is entirely removed without the need to exclude parameters via Diophantine conditions, nor the use of accelerated convergence schemes. Only the contraction mapping principle is used.
2302.12092v2
2023-03-02
Spin Pumping into Carbon Nanotubes
We theoretically study spin pumping from a ferromagnetic insulator (FI) into a carbon nanotube (CNT). By employing the bosonization method, we formulate the Gilbert damping induced by the FI/CNT junction, which can be measured by ferromagnetic resonance. We show that the increase in the Gilbert damping has a temperature dependence characteristic of a Luttinger liquid and is highly sensitive to the Luttinger parameter of the spin sector for a clean interface. We also discuss the experimental relevance of our findings based on numerical estimates, using realistic parameters.
2303.01343v2
2023-03-11
Control estimates for 0th order pseudodifferential operators
We introduce the control conditions for 0th order pseudodifferential operators $\mathbf{P}$ whose real parts satisfy the Morse--Smale dynamical condition. We obtain microlocal control estimates under the control conditions. As a result, we show that there are no singular profiles in the solution to the evolution equation $(i\partial_t-\mathbf{P})u=f$ when $\mathbf{P}$ has a damping term that satisfies the control condition and $f\in C^{\infty}$. This is motivated by the study of a microlocal model for the damped internal waves.
2303.06443v2
2023-03-24
Exponential decay estimates for semilinear wave-type equations with time-dependent time delay
In this paper, we analyze a semilinear damped second order evolution equation with time-dependent time delay and time-dependent delay feedback coefficient. The nonlinear term satisfies a local Lipschitz continuity assumption. Under appropriate conditions, we prove well-posedness and exponential stability of our model for small initial data. Our arguments combine a Lyapunov functional approach with some continuity arguments. Moreover, as an application of our abstract results, the damped wave equation with a source term and delay feedback is analyzed.
2303.14208v1
2023-03-25
Existence and regularity of global attractors for a Kirchhoff wave equation with strong damping and memory
This paper is concerned with the existence and regularity of global attractor $\mathcal A$ for a Kirchhoff wave equation with strong damping and memory in the weighted time-dependent spaces $\mathcal H$ and $\mathcal H^{1}$, respectively. In order to obtain the existence of $\mathcal A$, we mainly use the energy method in the priori estimations, and then verify the asymptotic compactness of the semigroup by the method of contraction function. Finally, by decomposing the weak solutions into two parts and some elaborate calculations, we prove the regularity of $\mathcal A$.
2303.14387v1
2023-03-27
Linear Landau damping for a two-species Vlasov-Poisson system for electrons and ions
This paper concerns the linear Landau damping for the two species Vlasov-Poisson system for ions and electrons near Penrose stable equilibria. The result is an extension of the result on the one species Vlasov-Poisson equation by Mouhout and Villani. Different from their work we do not describe the ions as a background species but as a species which is also described by a separate Vlasov equation. We show an exponential decay of the electric energy for the linearised system near Penrose stable equilibria.
2303.14981v2
2023-03-28
Role of intersublattice exchange interaction on ultrafast longitudinal and transverse magnetization dynamics in Permalloy
We report about element specific measurements of ultrafast demagnetization and magnetization precession damping in Permalloy (Py) thin films. Magnetization dynamics induced by optical pump at $1.5$eV is probed simultaneously at the $M_{2,3}$ edges of Ni and Fe with High order Harmonics for moderate demagnetization rates (less than $50$%). The role of the intersublattice exchange interaction on both longitudinal and transverse dynamics is analyzed with a Landau Lifshitz Bloch description of ferromagnetically coupled Fe and Ni sublattices. It is shown that the intersublattice exchange interaction governs the dissipation during demagnetization as well as precession damping of the magnetization vector.
2303.15837v1
2023-03-31
Polynomial Mixing for a Weakly Damped Stochastic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
This paper is devoted to proving the polynomial mixing for a weakly damped stochastic nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation with additive noise on a 1D bounded domain. The noise is white in time and smooth in space. We consider both focusing and defocusing nonlinearities, respectively, with exponents of the nonlinearity $\sigma\in[0,2)$ and $\sigma\in[0,\infty)$ and prove the polynomial mixing which implies the uniqueness of the invariant measure by using a coupling method.
2303.18082v1
2023-05-07
Nonexistence of global weak solutions to semilinear wave equations involving time-dependent structural damping terms
We consider a semilinear wave equation involving a time-dependent structural damping term of the form $\displaystyle\frac{1}{{(1+t)}^{\beta}}(-\Delta)^{\sigma/2} u_t$. Our results show the influence of the parameters $\beta,\sigma$ on the nonexistence of global weak solutions under assumptions on the given system data.
2305.04278v1
2023-05-15
Blow-up phenomena for a class of extensible beam equations
In this paper, we investigate the initial boundary value problem of the following nonlinear extensible beam equation with nonlinear damping term $$u_{t t}+\Delta^2 u-M\left(\|\nabla u\|^2\right) \Delta u-\Delta u_t+\left|u_t\right|^{r-1} u_t=|u|^{p-1} u$$ which was considered by Yang et al. (Advanced Nonlinear Studies 2022; 22:436-468). We consider the problem with the nonlinear damping and establish the finite time blow-up of the solution for the initial data at arbitrary high energy level, including the estimate lower and upper bounds of the blowup time. The result provides some affirmative answer to the open problems given in (Advanced Nonlinear Studies 2022; 22:436-468).
2305.08398v1
2023-06-08
Vanishing of long time average p-enstrophy dissipation rate in the inviscid limit of the 2D damped Navier-Stokes equations
In 2007, Constantin and Ramos proved a result on the vanishing long time average enstrophy dissipation rate in the inviscid limit of the 2D damped Navier-Stokes equations. In this work, we prove a generalization of this for the p-enstrophy, sequences of distributions of initial data and sequences of strongly converging right-hand sides. We simplify their approach by working with invariant measures on the global attractors which can be characterized via bounded complete solution trajectories. Then, working on the level of trajectories allows us to directly employ some recent results on strong convergence of the vorticity in the inviscid limit.
2306.05081v1
2023-06-13
Stability of asymptotically Hamiltonian systems with damped oscillatory and stochastic perturbations
A class of asymptotically autonomous systems on the plane with oscillatory coefficients is considered. It is assumed that the limiting system is Hamiltonian with a stable equilibrium. The effect of damped multiplicative stochastic perturbations of white noise type on the stability of the system is discussed. It is shown that different long-term asymptotic regimes for solutions are admissible in the system and the stochastic stability of the equilibrium depends on the realized regime. In particular, we show that stable phase locking is possible in the system due to decaying stochastic perturbations. The proposed analysis is based on a combination of the averaging technique and the construction of stochastic Lyapunov functions.
2306.07694v1
2023-06-16
Algorithm MGB to solve highly nonlinear elliptic PDEs in $\tilde{O}(n)$ FLOPS
We introduce Algorithm MGB (Multi Grid Barrier) for solving highly nonlinear convex Euler-Lagrange equations. This class of problems includes many highly nonlinear partial differential equations, such as $p$-Laplacians. We prove that, if certain regularity hypotheses are satisfied, then our algorithm converges in $\tilde{O}(1)$ damped Newton iterations, or $\tilde{O}(n)$ FLOPS, where the tilde indicates that we neglect some polylogarithmic terms. This the first algorithm whose running time is proven optimal in the big-$\tilde{O}$ sense. Previous algorithms for the $p$-Laplacian required $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n})$ damped Newton iterations or more.
2306.10183v1
2023-06-28
Global solutions and blow-up for the wave equation with variable coefficients: II. boundary supercritical source
In this paper, we consider the wave equation with variable coefficients and boundary damping and supercritical source terms. The goal of this work is devoted to prove the local and global existence, and classify decay rate of energy depending on the growth near zero on the damping term. Moreover, we prove the blow-up of the weak solution with positive initial energy as well as nonpositive initial energy.
2306.15897v4
2023-07-24
On the stability of a double porous elastic system with visco-porous dampings
In this paper we consider a one dimensional elastic system with double porosity structure and with frictional damping in both porous equations. We introduce two stability numbers $\chi_{0}$ and $\chi_{1}$ and prove that the solution of the system decays exponentially provided that $\chi_{0}=0$ and $\chi_{1}\neq0.$ Otherwise, we prove the lack of exponential decay. Our results improve the results of \cite{Bazarra} and \cite{Nemsi}.
2307.12690v1
2023-07-29
An inverse problem for the fractionally damped wave equation
We consider an inverse problem for a Westervelt type nonlinear wave equation with fractional damping. This equation arises in nonlinear acoustic imaging, and we show the forward problem is locally well-posed. We prove that the smooth coefficient of the nonlinearity can be uniquely determined, based on the knowledge of the source-to-solution map and a priori knowledge of the coefficient in an arbitrarily small subset of the domain. Our approach relies on a second order linearization as well as the unique continuation property of the spectral fractional Laplacian.
2307.16065v1
2023-08-02
Blow-up and lifespan estimate for the generalized tricomi equation with the scale-invariant damping and time derivative nonlinearity on exterior domain
The article is devoted to investigating the initial boundary value problem for the damped wave equation in the scale-invariant case with time-dependent speed of propagation on the exterior domain. By presenting suitable multipliers and applying the test-function technique, we study the blow-up and the lifespan of the solutions to the problem with derivative-type nonlinearity $ \d u_{tt}-t^{2m}\Delta u+\frac{\mu}{t}u_t=|u_t|^p, \quad \mbox{in}\ \Omega^{c}\times[1,\infty),$ that we associate with appropriate small initial data.
2308.01272v2
2023-08-03
Gravitational Wave Heating
It was shown in previous work that when a gravitational wave (GW) passes through a viscous shell of matter the magnitude of the GW will be damped and there are astrohysical circumstances in which the damping is almost complete. The energy transfer from the GWs to the fluid will increase its temperature. We construct a model for this process and obtain an expression for the temperature distribution inside the shell in terms of spherical harmonics. Further, it is shown that this effect is astrophysically significant: a model problem is constructed for which the temperature increase is of order $10^6{}^\circ$K.
2308.01615v2
2023-08-08
Stabilization of piezoelectric beam with Coleman-Gurtin or Gurtin-Pipkin thermal law and under Lorenz gauge condition
In this paper, we present the analysis of stability for a piezoelectric beam subject to a thermal law (Coleman-Gurtin or Gurtin-Pipkin thermal law) adding some viscous damping mechanism to the electric field in $x-$direction and $z-$direction, and we discuss several cases. Then, there is no need to control the electrical field components in $x$-direction and $z-$ direction to establish an exponential decay of solutions when the beam is subjected to a Coleman-Gurtin law, otherwise a polynomial stability is established with Gurtin-Pipkin thermal law in case when the electrical field components are damped.
2308.04231v2
2023-08-11
Well-posedness and global attractor for wave equation with nonlinear damping and super-cubic nonlinearity
In the paper, we study the semilinear wave equation involving the nonlinear damping $g(u_t) $ and nonlinearity $f(u)$. Under the wider ranges of exponents of $g$ and $f$, the well-posedness of the weak solution is achieved by establishing a priori space-time estimates. Then, the existence of the global attractor in the naturally phase space $H^1_0(\Omega)\times L^2(\Omega)$ is obtained. Moreover, we prove that the global attrator is regular, that is, the global attractor is a bounded subset of $(H^2(\Omega)\cap H^1_0(\Omega))\times H^1_0(\Omega)$.
2308.06208v1
2023-08-16
Stability for degenerate wave equations with drift under simultaneous degenerate damping
In this paper we study the stability of two different problems. The first one is a one-dimensional degenerate wave equation with degenerate damping, incorporating a drift term and a leading operator in non-divergence form. In the second problem we consider a system that couples degenerate and non-degenerate wave equations, connected through transmission, and subject to a single dissipation law at the boundary of the non-degenerate equation. In both scenarios, we derive exponential stability results.
2308.08645v3
2023-09-02
Existence and nonexistence of global solutions for time-dependent damped NLS equations
We investigate the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with a time-dependent linear damping term. Under non standard assumptions on the loss dissipation, we prove the blow-up in the inter-critical regime, and the global existence in the energy subcritical case. Our results generalize and improve the ones in [9, 11, 21].
2309.00849v1
2023-09-04
On the small-mass limit for stationary solutions of stochastic wave equations with state dependent friction
We investigate the convergence, in the small mass limit, of the stationary solutions of a class of stochastic damped wave equations, where the friction coefficient depends on the state and the noisy perturbation if of multiplicative type. We show that the Smoluchowski-Kramers approximation that has been previously shown to be true in any fixed time interval, is still valid in the long time regime. Namely we prove that the first marginals of any sequence of stationary solutions for the damped wave equation converge to the unique invariant measure of the limiting stochastic quasilinear parabolic equation. The convergence is proved with respect to the Wasserstein distance associated with the $H^{-1}$ norm.
2309.01549v1
2023-09-09
Finite-dimensionality of attractors for wave equations with degenerate nonlocal damping
In this paper we study the fractal dimension of global attractors for a class of wave equations with (single-point) degenerate nonlocal damping. Both the equation and its linearization degenerate into linear wave equations at the degenerate point and the usual approaches to bound the dimension of the entirety of attractors do not work directly. Instead, we develop a new process concerning the dimension near the degenerate point individually and show the finite dimensionality of the attractor.
2309.04712v2
2023-09-19
The Raman gap and collisional absorption
One of the long-standing puzzles observed in many laser-plasma experiments is the gap in the Raman backscattering spectrum. This gap is characterized by the absence of backscattered light between some critical wavelength and twice the incident laser wavelength. The latter is associated with the absolute Raman instability from the quarter-critical density surface. Supported by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, it is suggested that the gap can result from the collisional damping of the backscattered light. A linear analysis of the competition between the Raman growth rate and the damping rate in a non-homogenous plasma predicts the gap's existence and width as a function of the system's parameters. The theory is compared with the PIC simulations and past experiments.
2309.10366v1
2023-09-21
Inverse problems for a quasilinear strongly damped wave equation arising in nonlinear acoustics
We consider inverse problems for a Westervelt equation with a strong damping and a time-dependent potential $q$. We first prove that all boundary measurements, including the initial data, final data, and the lateral boundary measurements, uniquely determine $q$ and the nonlinear coefficient $\beta$. The proof is based on complex geometric optics construction and the approach proposed by Isakov. Further, by considering fundamental solutions supported in a half-space constructed by H\"ormander, we prove that with vanishing initial conditions the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map determines $q$ and $\beta$.
2309.11775v1
2023-09-28
On inverse problems for a strongly damped wave equation on compact manifolds
We consider a strongly damped wave equation on compact manifolds, both with and without boundaries, and formulate the corresponding inverse problems. For closed manifolds, we prove that the metric can be uniquely determined, up to an isometry, from the knowledge of the source-to-solution map. Similarly, for manifolds with boundaries, we prove that the metric can be uniquely determined, up to an isometry, from partial knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. The key point is to retrieve the spectral information of the Laplace-Beltrami operator, from the Laplace transform of the measurements. Further we show that the metric can be determined up to an isometry, using a single measurement in both scenarios.
2309.16182v1
2023-10-10
Emerging Spin-Orbit Torques in Low Dimensional Dirac Materials
We report a theoretical description of novel spin-orbit torque components emerging in two-dimensional Dirac materials with broken inversion symmetry. In contrast to usual metallic interfaces where field-like and damping-like torque components are competing, we find that an intrinsic damping-like torque which derives from all Fermi-sea electrons can be simultaneously enhanced along with the field-like component. Additionally, hitherto overlooked torque components unique to Dirac materials, emerge from the coupling between spin and pseudospin degrees of freedom. These torques are found to be resilient to disorder and could enhance the magnetic switching performance of nearby magnets.
2310.06447v1
2023-10-26
Efficient Numerical Algorithm for Large-Scale Damped Natural Gradient Descent
We propose a new algorithm for efficiently solving the damped Fisher matrix in large-scale scenarios where the number of parameters significantly exceeds the number of available samples. This problem is fundamental for natural gradient descent and stochastic reconfiguration. Our algorithm is based on Cholesky decomposition and is generally applicable. Benchmark results show that the algorithm is significantly faster than existing methods.
2310.17556v1
2023-11-09
Exponential convergence to steady-states for trajectories of a damped dynamical system modelling adhesive strings
We study the global well-posedness and asymptotic behavior for a semilinear damped wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions, modelling a one-dimensional linearly elastic body interacting with a rigid substrate through an adhesive material. The key feature of of the problem is that the interplay between the nonlinear force and the boundary conditions allows for a continuous set of equilibrium points. We prove an exponential rate of convergence for the solution towards a (uniquely determined) equilibrium point.
2311.05295v1
2023-11-29
On the exponential stability of uniformly damped wave equations
We study damped wave propagation problems phrased as abstract evolution equations in Hilbert spaces. Under some general assumptions, including a natural compatibility condition for initial values, we establish exponential decay estimates for all mild solutions using the language and tools of Hilbert complexes. This framework turns out strong enough to conduct our analysis but also general enough to include a number of interesting examples. Some of these are briefly discussed. By a slight modification of the main arguments, we also obtain corresponding decay results for numerical approximations obtained by compatible discretization strategies.
2311.18084v1
2023-12-01
Semilinear wave inequalities with double damping and potential terms on Riemannian Manifolds
We study a semilinear wave inequality with double damping on a complete noncompact Riemannian manifold. The considered problem involves a potential function $V$ depending on the space variable in front of the power nonlinearity and an inhomogeneous term $W$ depending on both time and space variables. Namely, we establish sufficient conditions for the nonexistence of weak solutions in both cases: $W\equiv 0$ and $W\not\equiv 0$. The obtained conditions depend on the parameters of the problem as well as the geometry of the manifold. Some special cases of manifolds, and of $V$ and $W$ are discussed in detail.
2312.00617v1
2023-12-29
On damping a control system of arbitrary order with global aftereffect on a tree
We study a problem of damping a control system described by functional-differential equations of natural order $n$ and neutral type with non-smooth complex coefficients on an arbitrary tree with global delay. The latter means that the delay propagates through internal vertices of the tree. Minimization of the energy functional of the system leads to a variational problem. We establish its equivalence to a certain self-adjoint boundary value problem on the tree for equations of order $2n$ with nonlocal quasi-derivatives and multidirectional shifts of the argument, as well as Kirchhoff-type conditions emerging at the internal vertices. The unique solvability of both problems is proved.
2312.17592v1
2024-01-11
Weak collision effect on nonlinear Landau damping for the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system
We investigate the impact of weak collisions on Landau damping in the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system on a torus, specifically focusing on its proximity to a Maxwellian distribution. In the case where the Gevrey index satisfies $\frac{1}{s}<3$, we establish the global stability and enhanced dissipation of small initial data, which remain unaffected by the small diffusion coefficient $\nu$. For Gevrey index $\frac{1}{s}\ge3$, we prove the global stability and enhanced dissipation of initial data, whose size is on the order of $O(\nu^a)$ for any $a>\frac{1-3s}{3-3s}$. Our analysis provides insights into the effects of phase mixing, enhanced dissipation, and plasma echoes.
2401.05601v3
2024-01-23
Revisit on global existence of solutions for semilinear damped wave equations in $\mathbb{R}^N$ with noncompactly supported initial data
In this note, we study the Cauchy problem of the semilinear damped wave equation and our aim is the small data global existence for noncompactly supported initial data. For this problem, Ikehata and Tanizawa [5] introduced the energy method with the exponential-type weight function $e^{|x|^2/(1+t)}$, which is the so-called Ikehata--Todorova--Yordanov type weight. In this note, we suggest another weight function of the form $(1+|x|^2/(1+t))^{\lambda}$, which allows us to treat polynomially decaying initial data and give a simpler proof than the previous studies treating such initial data.
2401.12530v1
2024-01-24
Eigenmode analysis of the damped Jaynes-Cummings model
The generating functions for density matrix elements of the Jaynes-Cummings model with cavity damping are analysed in terms of their eigenmodes, which are characterised by a specific temporal behaviour. These eigenmodes are shown to be proportional to particular generalised hypergeometric functions. The relative weights of these eigenmodes in the generating functions are determined by the initial conditions of the model. These weights are found by deriving orthogonality relations involving adjoint modes. In an example it is shown how the time-dependent density matrix elements and the related factorial moments can be extracted from the eigenmode decompositions of the generating functions.
2401.13348v1
2024-02-15
A comprehensive modelling and experimental approach for damped oscillations in U-tubes via Easy JavaScript Simulations
In recent years, science simulations have become popular among educators due to their educational usefulness, availability, and potential for increasing the students' knowledge on scientific topics. In this paper, we introduce the implementation of a user-friendly simulation based on Easy Java/JavaScript Simulations (EJS) to study the problem of damped oscillations in U-tubes. Furthermore, we illustrate various advantages associated with the capabilities of EJS in terms of design and usability in order to encourage teachers to use it as an educational supplement to physics laboratories.
2402.09866v1
2024-02-21
Hybrid Multi-Directional Quantum Communication Protocol
The way a new type of state called a hybrid state, which contains more than one degree of freedom, is used in many practical applications of quantum communication tasks with lesser amount of resources. Similarly, our aim is here to perform multi-quantum communication tasks in a protocol to approach quantum information in multipurpose and multi-directional. We propose a hybrid multi-directional six-party scheme of implementing quantum teleportation and joint remote state preparation under the supervision of a controller via a multi-qubit entangled state as a quantum channel with 100% success probability. Moreover, we analytically derive the average fidelities of this hybrid scheme under the amplitude-damping and the phase-damping noise.
2402.14043v1
2024-03-19
Damped energy-norm a posteriori error estimates for fully discrete approximations of the wave equation using C2-reconstructions
We derive a posteriori error estimates for the the scalar wave equation discretized in space by continuous finite elements and in time by the explicit leapfrog scheme. Our analysis combines the idea of invoking extra time-regularity for the right-hand side, as previously introduced in the space semi-discrete setting, with a novel, piecewise quartic, globally twice-differentiable time-reconstruction of the fully discrete solution. Our main results show that the proposed estimator is reliable and efficient in a damped energy norm. These properties are illustrated in a series of numerical examples.
2403.12954v1
2009-02-10
A recurrence relation for the Li/Keiper constants in terms of the Stieltjes constants
A recurrence relation for the Li/Keiper constants in terms of the Stieltjes constants is derived in this paper. In addition, we also report a formula for the Stieltjes constants in terms of the higher derivatives of the Riemann zeta function. A formula for the Stieltjes constants in terms of the (exponential) complete Bell polynomials containing the eta constants as the arguments is also derived.
0902.1691v1
2020-04-04
Generalized Von Neumann-Jordan Constant for Morrey Spaces and Small Morrey Spaces
In this paper we calculate some geometric constants for Morrey spaces and small Morrey spaces, namely generalized Von Neumann-Jordan constant, modified Von Neumann-Jordan constants, and Zb\'{a}ganu constant. All these constants measure the uniformly nonsquareness of the spaces. We obtain that their values are the same as the value of Von Neumann-Jordan constant for Morrey spaces and small Morrey spaces.
2004.01895v1
1995-02-09
A linear thermohaline oscillator driven by stochastic atmospheric forcing
The interdecadal variability of a stochastically forced four-box model of the oceanic meridional thermohaline circulation (THC) is described and compared to the THC variability in the coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM of Delworth, Manabe, and Stouffer (1993). The box model is placed in a linearly stable thermally dominant mean state under mixed boundary conditions. A linear stability analysis of this state reveals one damped oscillatory THC mode in addition to purely damped modes. The variability of the model under a moderate amount of stochastic forcing, meant to emulate the random variability of the atmosphere affecting the coupled model's interdecadal THC variability, is studied. A linear interpretation, in which the damped oscillatory mode is of primary importance, is sufficient for understanding the mechanism accounting for the stochastically forced variability. Direct comparison of the variability in the box model and coupled GCM reveals common qualitative aspects. Such a comparison supports, although does not verify, the hypothesis that the coupled model's THC variability can be interpreted as the result of atmospheric weather exciting a linear damped oscillatory THC mode.
9502002v2
1993-09-30
The metal systems in Q0000--2619 at high resolution
We have obtained high, 11 and 14 \kms, and medium, 40 and 53 \kms, resolution spectra of the $z_{em} = 4.11$ quasar Q0000--2619 covering the range 4400 \AA\ to 9265 \AA . We identify nine metal absorption systems, of which four were previously known. A fifth previously suggested system at $z_{abs} \approx 3.409$ (Turnshek et al~ 1991) is ruled out by our data. Two of the eight systems for which the \lya~ line is in the observable range have a damped \lya~ line. Six of the nine systems show evidence for complex sub--component structure. At our resolution and S/N we identify a total of 21 sub--components in the nine systems. Five of the nine systems (11 of the 21 components) fall within the $\pm 5000$ \kms~ range of the emission redshift, and are hence classified as \zae~ absorbers. For the two damped systems we find metal abundances of $\leq 1$% and $\leq 8$% of solar values at redshifts of 3.0541 and 3.3901 respectively. These upper limits are consistent with what would be expected from previous determinations at lower redshifts, and our data are hence compatible with earlier conclusions that no evidence is yet found for chemical evolution of intervening damped and Lyman limit absorbers. For the \zae~ systems we found indications of metallicities comparable to, and even in excess of solar values. These much higher values compared to the damped systems, are in favour of the intrinsic hypothesis for these systems.
9309053v1
1994-12-27
The z=0.8596 Damped Lyman Alpha Absorbing Galaxy Toward PKS 0454+039
We present {\it Hubble Space Telescope} and ground--based data on the $z_{abs}=0.8596$ metal line absorption system along the line of sight to PKS 0454+0356. The system is a moderate redshift damped Lyman alpha system, with ${\rm N(HI)}=(5.7\pm0.3)\times10^{20}$~cm$^{-2}$ as measured from the {\it Faint Object Spectrograph} spectrum. We also present ground--based images which we use to identify the galaxy which most probably gives rise to the damped system; the most likely candidate is relatively underluminous by QSO absorber standards ($M_B \sim -19.0$ for $q_0=0.5$ and $H_0=50$ \kms Mpc$^{-1}$), and lies $\sim 8.5h^{-1}$ kpc in projection from the QSO sightline. Ground--based measurements of Zn~II, Cr~II, and Fe~II absorption lines from this system allow us to infer abundances of [Zn/H]=$-1.1$, [Cr/H]=$-1.2$, and [Fe/H]=$-1.2$, indicating overall metallicity similar to damped systems at $z >2$, and that the depletion of Cr and Fe onto dust grains may be even {\it less} important than in many of the high redshift systems of comparable metallicity. Limits previously placed on the 21-cm optical depth in the $z=0.8596$ system, together with our new N(H~I) measurement, suggest a very high spin temperature for the H~I, $T_S >> 580$ K.
9412093v2
1996-08-22
APM z>4 QSO Survey: Distribution and Evolution of High Column Density HI Absorbers
Eleven candidate damped Lya absorption systems were identified in 27 spectra of the quasars from the APM z>4 survey covering the redshift range 2.8<z(abs)<4.4 (8 with z(abs)>3.5). High resolution echelle spectra (0.8A FWHM) have been obtained for three quasars, including 2 of the highest redshift objects in the survey. Two damped systems have confirmed HI column densities of N(HI) >= 10^20.3 atoms cm^-2, with a third falling just below this threshold. We have discovered the highest redshift damped Lya absorber known at z=4.383 in QSO BR1202-0725. The APM QSOs provide a substantial increase in the redshift path available for damped surveys for z>3. We combine this high redshift sample with other quasar samples covering the redshift range 0.008 < z < 4.7 to study the redshift evolution and the column density distribution function for absorbers with log N(HI)>=17.2. In the HI column density distribution f(N)=kN^-beta we find evidence for breaks in the power law, flattening for 17.2< log N(HI)<21 and steepening for log N(HI)>21.2. The column density distribution function for the data with log N(HI)>=20.3 is better fit with the form f(N)=(f*/N*)(N/N*)^-beta exp(-N/N*). Significant redshift evolution in the number density per unit redshift is evident in the higher column density systems with an apparent decline in N(z) for z>3.5.
9608146v1
1997-05-16
Testing Cosmological Models Against the Abundance of Damped Lyman-Alpha Absorbers
We calculate the number of damped Lyman-alpha absorbers expected in various popular cosmological models as a function of redshift and compare our predictions with observed abundances. The Press-Schechter formalism is used to obtain the distribution of halos with circular velocity in different cosmologies, and we calibrate the relation between circular velocity and absorption cross-section using detailed gas dynamical simulations of a ``standard'' cold dark matter (CDM) model. Because of this calibration, our approach makes more realistic assumptions about the absorption properties of collapsed objects than previous, analytic calculations of the damped Lyman-alpha abundance. CDM models with Omega_0=1, H_0=50, baryon density Omega_b=0.05, and scale-invariant primeval fluctuations reproduce the observed incidence and redshift evolution of damped Lyman-alpha absorption to within observational uncertainty, for both COBE normalization (sigma_8=1.2) and a lower normalization (sigma_8=0.7) that better matches the observed cluster abundance at z=0. A tilted (n=0.8, sigma_8=0.7) CDM model tends to underproduce absorption, especially at z=4. With COBE normalization, a CDM model with Omega_0=0.4, Omega_{Lambda}=0.6 gives an acceptable fit to the observed absorption; an open CDM model is marginally acceptable if Omega_0 is at least 0.4 and strongly inconsistent with the z=4 data if Omega_0=0.3. Mixed dark matter models tend not to produce sufficient absorption, being roughly comparable to tilted CDM models if Omega_{nu} = 0.2 and failing drastically if Omega_{nu} = 0.3.
9705118v1
1997-05-28
Zinc and Chromium Abundances in a Third Damped Lyman alpha System at Intermediate Redshift
We have determined the metallicity of the $z_{abs} = 1.0093$ damped Lyman alpha system in the bright QSO EX 0302-223; this is only the third such measurement at redshifts $z \simlt 1$. Unlike the previous two cases, we find that the abundance of Zn is only a factor of $\sim 2$ lower than in the Galactic interstellar medium today and is entirely compatible with the typical metallicity of stars in the Milky Way disk at a look-back time of 9.5 Gyrs. Although the galaxy responsible for producing the absorption system has yet to be positively identified, our observations show that galaxies on a chemical evolution path similar to that of the Milky Way do contribute to the damped Lyman alpha population at intermediate redshifts. Cr is 2.5 times less abundant than Zn, presumably because of depletion onto dust; however, the degree of depletion is less severe than in diffuse interstellar clouds in the disk of our Galaxy and in the Magellanic Clouds. Evidently, the interstellar environment in damped Lyman alpha galaxies is less conducive to the formation and survival of dust grains (and molecular hydrogen), but the physical processes at the root of this effect have yet to be clarified.
9705222v1
1998-11-18
The Closest Damped Lyman Alpha System
A difficulty of studying damped Lyman alpha systems is that they are distant, so one knows little about the interstellar medium of the galaxy. Here we report upon a damped Lyman alpha system in the nearby galaxy NGC 4203, which is so close (v_helio = 1117 km/s) and bright (B_o = 11.62) that its HI disk has been mapped. The absorption lines are detected against Ton 1480, which lies only 1.9' (12 h_50 kpc) from the center of NGC 4203. Observations were obtained with the Faint Object Spectrograph on HST (G270H grating) over the 2222-3277 Angstrom region with 200 km/s resolution. Low ionization lines of Fe, Mn, and Mg were detected, leading to metallicities of -2.29, < -0.68, and > -2.4, which are typical of other damped Lyman alpha systems, but well below the stellar metallicity of this type of galaxy. Most notably, the velocity of the lines is 1160 +- 10 km/s, which is identical to the HI rotational velocity of 1170 km/s at that location in NGC 4203, supporting the view that these absorption line systems can be associated with the rotating disks of galaxies. In addition, the line widths of the Mg lines give an upper limit to the velocity dispersion of 167 km/s, to the 99% confidence level.
9811274v1
1999-07-29
Ionized Gas in Damped Lyman-alpha Systems and Its Effects on Elemental Abundance Studies
Recent high-resolution observations of metal absorption lines in high-redshift damped Ly-alpha systems have shown that Al III, a tracer of moderately-ionized gas, very often has a velocity structure indistinguishable from that of low-ionization gas. Regions of ionized and neutral hydrogen in these systems are likely cospatial. The higher-ionization Si IV and C IV absorption shows a much weaker or non-existent correlation with the low ionization material, implying that the regions traced by Al III are photoionized by a soft (stellar) spectrum, by a hard (power law) spectrum with a very low ionization parameter, or a combination of both. We discuss the ionization of the damped Ly-alpha systems and use photoionization equilibrium models to make quantitative estimates of its effects on abundance studies in these systems. We show that ionization effects may be large enough to account for the observed dispersion in absolute metal abundances in damped Ly-alpha systems, causing systematically higher abundances in lower column density systems. The observed Si^+/Fe^+ and Zn^+/Cr^+ ratios may systematically overestimate the intrinsic Si/Fe and Zn/Cr ratios, respectively, if ionized gas is present in these systems, thereby mimicking the effects of alpha-element enrichment or dust depletion.
9907428v1
1999-11-09
Detection of Warm and Cold Phases of the Neutral ISM in a Damped Ly-alpha Absorber
We present a detailed study of the HI 21cm absorption system at z=0.0912 towards the radio quasar B0738+313. The uncommonly narrow main absorption line and weak secondary line are resolved for the first time. In addition we find it necessary to add a third, broader shallow component to obtain a good fit to the spectrum. Although the harmonic mean spin temperature calculated by comparison of the 21cm lines to the damped Ly-alpha line is T_s = 775 K, the thermal kinetic temperatures of the two narrow components, calculated from their widths, are much lower: T_k \leq 297 and \leq 103 K respectively. This is the first case of a redshifted absorption system for which T_k is measured to be less than T_s. We discuss this result in the context of a two phase gas model, in which the damped Ly-alpha gas is sensitive to a significant neutral column density of warm phase gas as well as the cold phase gas of the narrow 21cm lines. The third component is interpreted as representing the warm phase gas with with T_k \leq 5050 K. The combined column density of the three 21cm components is approximately equal to that derived from fits to the damped Ly-alpha line.
9911142v1
2001-03-23
First Investigation of the Clustering Environment of Damped Lyman Alpha Absorbers at z=4
We report the first observations of the clustering environment of damped Lyman alpha absorption systems at z=4. Color selection and photometric redshifts were used to select 44 candidate Lyman-break galaxies brighter than I_AB=25.5 from deep BRI images of the 35 sq. arcmin field containing the quasar BR 0951-04. Multislit spectroscopy of 35 candidate galaxies was performed and 8 of these candidates have been confirmed as z>3.5 Lyman-break galaxies. With only BRI photometry, the photometric redshifts are quite accurate for the spectroscopically confirmed galaxies but have a high rate of misclassification due to color degeneracies between Lyman-break galaxies and low-redshift ellipticals. Both of the z>3.5 galaxies found within 15'' of the quasar line-of-sight appear to be causing absorption systems in the quasar spectrum. We use a battery of statistical tests to look for clustering in the redshift histogram of the z>3.5 galaxies but do not find measurable clustering of these Lyman-break galaxies with the damped Lyman alpha absorbers. With a larger sample of galaxies, our method should determine the cross-correlation between these objects, which probes the bias and hence the mass of the damped Lyman alpha absorbers.
0103387v2
2002-11-11
Damped Lyman alpha systems and galaxy formation models - II. High ions and Lyman limit systems
We investigate a model for the high-ionization state gas associated with observed damped Lyman-alpha systems, based on a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation set within the paradigm of hierarchical structure formation. In our model, the hot gas in halos and sub-halos gives rise to CIV absorption, while the low-ionization state gas is associated with the cold gas in galaxies. The model matches the distribution of CIV column densities and leads naturally to kinematic properties that are in good agreement with the data. We examine the contribution of both hot and cold gas to sub-damped systems and suggest that the properties of these systems can be used as an important test of the model. We expect that sub-DLA systems will generally be composed of a single gas disk and thus predict that they should have markedly different kinematics than the damped systems. Finally, we find that hot halo gas produces less than one third of Lyman limit systems at redshift three. We model the contribution of mini-halos (halos with virial velocities < 35 km/s) to Lyman limit systems and find that they may contain as much gas as is observed in these systems. However, if we adopt realistic models of the gas density distribution we find that these systems are not a significant source of Lyman limit absorption. Instead we suggest that uncollapsed gas outside of virialized halos is responsible for most of the Lyman limit systems at high redshift.
0211231v1
2003-05-16
The Age-Metallicity Relation of the Universe in Neutral Gas: The First 100 Damped Lya Systems
We present accurate metallicity measurements for 121 damped Lya systems at 0.5<z<5 including ~50 new measurements from our recently published Echellette Spectrograph and Imager surveys. This dataset is analysed to determine the age-metallicity relation of neutral gas in the universe. Contrary to previous datasets this sample shows statistically significant evolution in the mean metallicity. The best linear fit rate to metallicity vs. redshift is -0.26 +/- 0.07 dex corresponding to approximately a factor of 2 every Gyr at z=3. The DLA continue to maintain a floor in metallicity of ~1/700 solar independent of observational effects. This metallicity threshold limits the prevalence of primordial gas in high redshift galaxies and stresses the correspondence between damped systems and star formation (i.e. galaxy formation). This floor is significantly offset from the metallicity of the Lya forest and therefore we consider it to be more related to active star formation within these galaxies than scenarios of enrichment in the very early universe. Finally, we comment on an apparent 'missing metals problem': the mean metallicity of the damped systems is ~10x lower than the value expected from their observed star formation history. This problem is evident in current theoretical treatments of chemical evolution and galaxy formation; it may indicate a serious flaw in our understanding of the interplay between star formation and metal production.
0305314v1
2003-09-24
WIMP matter power spectra and small scale power generation
Dark Matter (DM) is generally assumed to be massive, cold and collisionless from the structure formation point of view. A more correct statement however is that DM indeed experiences collisional damping, but on a scale which is supposed to be too small to be relevant for structure formation. The aim of this paper is to present a Cold (although ``collisional'') Dark Matter particle whose matter power spectrum is damped and see whether it is distinguishable from standard candidates. To achieve this purpose, we calculate the collisional damping and free-streaming scales of neutralinos and non conventional candidates (say light particles heavier than ~1 MeV but lighter than O(10) GeV). The latter can be considered as Cold Dark Matter (CDM) particles in the sense that they become non relativistic before their thermal decoupling epoch. Unlike neutralinos, however, their linear matter power spectrum can be damped on scales of ~ 10^3 Msol due to their interactions. Since these scales are of cosmological interest for structure formation, we perform a series of numerical simulations to obtain the corresponding non linear matter power spectra P(k)_{nl} at the present epoch. We show that because of small scale regeneration, they all resemble each other at low redshifts, i.e. become very similar to a typical CDM matter power spectrum on all but the smallest scales. Therefore, even if lensing measurements at redshift below unity were to yield a P(k)_{nl} consistent with CDM models, this would not constitute a sufficiently robust evidence in favour of the neutralino to rule out alternative DM candidates.
0309652v1