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1997-12-06
Atmospheric neutrino interactions in Soudan-2
A new measurement of the atmospheric numu/nue ratio-of-ratios, 0.61 +- 0.15 +- 0.05, has been obtained using a 3.2-kty exposure of the Soudan-2 underground detector. This measurement, based upon neutrino reactions in an iron tracking calorimeter of honeycomb-lattice geometry, is in agreement with the anomalously low value reported by the underground water detectors.
9712281v1
1998-08-24
Limits on Pauli principle violation by nucleons
We consider nuclei produced in core collapse supernovae and subjected to a high neutron flux. We show that an accelerator mass spectrometry experiment that searched for traces of anomalous iron isotopes could set limits on the order of $10^{-20}-10^{-25}$ on (or perhaps discover) Pauli principle violation by neutrons. A similar search for anomalous Co isotopes could set limits in the range $10^{-13}-10^{-18}$ on Pauli principle violation by protons. We show that existing data on Oxygen can be used to set a limit of about $10^{-17}$ in one proposed model of such violation.
9808397v1
1999-11-12
Muon's Behaviors under Bremsstrahlung with both the LPM effect and the Ter-Mikaelian effect and Direct Pair Production with the LPM effect
Differential and integral cross sections of the muon are calculated in the materials: water, standard rock, iron and lead with and without the LPM effect. The corresponding cross sections are also calculated with dielectric supression effect (Ter-Mikaelian effect), in addition to the LPM effect. To demonstrate the importance of the LPM effect in the bremsstrahlung process, depth intensity relation of muon, energy spectrum, range distribution and survival probability are calculated taking into account bremsstrahlung spectrum.
9911330v1
2000-09-13
Nuclear effects and higher twists in F3 structure function
We analyze the CCFR collaboration iron target data on the xF3 structure function making particular emphasis on the extraction of the higher twist contributions from data. Corrections for nuclear effects are applied in order to extract data on the structure function of the isoscalar nucleon. Our analysis confirms the observation made earlier, that the higher twist terms depend strongly on the level to which QCD perturbation theory analysis is applied. We discuss the impact of nuclear effects on the higher twist term as well as on the QCD scale parameter Lambda_{\bar{MS}} extracted from the fit to data.
0009150v1
2000-12-06
Can We Observe the Quark Gluon Plasma in Cosmic Ray Showers ?
The possibility of detection of some features of high energy particle interactions with detectors placed at medium depths underground through studies on high energy muons is investigated. These muons carry information about the early interactions occurring during the development of the hadron cascade near the top of the atmosphere. They might reveal the effects resulting from creation of quark gluon plasma in interactions of ultra high energy cosmic ray iron nuclei with air nuclei.
0012068v3
2001-12-14
Differential Distributions for NLO Analyses of Charged Current Neutrino-Production of Charm
Experimental analyses of charged current deep inelastic charm production -- as observed through dimuon events in neutrino-iron scattering -- measure the strangeness component of the nucleon sea. A complete analysis requires a Monte Carlo simulation to account for experimental detector acceptance effects; therefore, a fully differential theoretical calculation is necessary to provide complete kinematic information. We investigate the theoretical issues involved in calculating these differential distributions at Next-Leading-Order (NLO). Numerical results are presented for typical fixed target kinematics. We present a corresponding FORTRAN code suitable for experimental NLO analysis.
0112191v1
2003-09-09
Re/Os constraint on the time-variability of the fine-structure constant
We argue that the accuracy by which the isochron parameters of the decay $^{187}{\rm Re}\to ^{187}{\rm Os}$ are determined by dating iron meteorites may not directly constrain the possible time-dependence of the decay rate and hence of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$. From this point of view, some of the attempts to analyze the Oklo constraint and the results of the QSO absorption lines are re-examined.
0309087v2
2003-10-01
NUFACT'03: The Fate of the Clones
We present a Neutrino-Factory-based setup with three detectors of different kind in principle capable to solve the eightfold-degeneracy in the simultaneous measurement of $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta$, for $\theta_{13} \geq 1^\circ (\sin^2 (2 \theta_{13}) \geq 10^{-3})$. Our setup includes a Superbeam-driven water Cherenkov (the Superbeam conceived as the first stage of the Neutrino Factory); two muon-storage-ring-driven detectors (namely, a large magnetized iron calorimeter and an emulsion cloud chamber) to take advantage of both the so-called "golden" ($\nu_e \to \nu_\mu$) and "silver" ($\nu_e \to \nu_\tau$) channels.
0310014v1
2004-08-23
Possible Explanations for the NuTeV Weinberg Angle Measurement
The NuTeV collaboration has made an independent determination of the Weinberg angle by measuring charged and neutral-current cross sections from neutrino and antineutrino DIS on iron. Their value differs by 3 standard deviations from that obtained from measurements at the Z pole. We review this experiment and assess various possible explanations for this result, both within the Standard Model ("old physics") and outside the Standard Model ("new physics").
0408243v2
2005-09-22
Moments of nuclear and nucleon structure functions at low Q^2 and the momentum sum rule
New nuclear structure function data from Jefferson Lab covering the higher x and lower Q^2 regime make it possible to extract the higher order F_2 moments for iron and deuterium at low four-momentum transfer squared Q^2. These moments allow for an experimental investigation of the nuclear momentum sum rule and a direct comparison of the non-singlet nucleon moment with Lattice QCD results.
0509241v2
2005-12-09
New solutions for the color-flavor locked strangelets
Recent publications rule out the negatively charged beta equilibrium strangelets in ordinary phase, and the color-flavor locked (CFL) strangelets are reported to be also positively charged. This letter presents new solutions to the system equations where CFL strangelets are slightly negatively charged. If the ratio of the square-root bag constant to the gap parameter is smaller than 170 MeV, the CFL strangelets are more stable than iron and the normal unpaired strangelets. For the same parameters, however, the positively charged CFL strangelets are more stable.
0512112v1
2006-10-04
Can we learn something more on oscillations from atmospheric neutrinos?
We show that for long-baseline experiments using a Mt water Cerenkov detector atmospheric neutrino data provide a powerful method to resolve parameter degeneracies. In particular, the combination of long-baseline and atmospheric data increases significantly the sensitivity to the neutrino mass hierarchy and the octant of $\theta_{23}$. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility to use $\mu$-like atmospheric neutrino data from a big magnetized iron calorimeter to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy.
0610053v1
1999-12-23
On the discovery of doubly-magic $^{48}$Ni
The paper reports on the first observation of doubly-magic Nickel-48 in an experimental at the SISSI/LISE3 facility of GANIL. Four Nickel-48 isotopes were identified. In addition, roughly 100 Nickel-49, 50 Iron-45, and 290 Chromium-42 isotopes were observed. This opens the possibility to search for two-proton emission from these nuclei.
9912012v1
2006-09-06
Dynamics Of Hadronization From Nuclear Semi Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
The CLAS experiment E02-104, part of the EG2 run at Jefferson Lab, was performed to study the hadronization process using semi inclusive deep inelastic scattering off nuclei. Electron beam energy of 5 GeV and the CLAS large acceptance detector were used to study charged pion production. The high luminosity available at Jefferson Lab and the CLAS large acceptance are key factors for such measurements allowing high statistics and therefore multidimensional analyses of the data. Both the multiplicity ratio and the transverse momentum broadening for carbon, iron and lead relative to deuterium are measured. Preliminary results for positive pions are discussed.
0609005v1
1997-03-17
Fermionic Molecular Dynamics: Multifragmentation in heavy-ion collisions and in excited nuclei
Within Fermionic Molecular Dynamics we investigate fragmentation of a compound system which was created in a heavy-ion collision at a beam energy in the Fermi energy domain and the decay of excited iron nuclei. We show that in FMD many-body correlations play an important role in the formation of fragments.
9703035v1
1997-07-17
Total and Parity-Projected Level Densities of Iron-Region Nuclei in the Auxiliary Fields Monte Carlo Shell Model
We use the auxiliary-fields Monte Carlo method for the shell model in the complete $(pf+0g_{9/2})$-shell to calculate level densities. We introduce parity projection techniques which enable us to calculate the parity dependence of the level density. Results are presented for $^{56}$Fe, where the calculated total level density is found to be in remarkable agreement with the experimental level density. The parity-projected densities are well described by a backshifted Bethe formula, but with significant dependence of the single-particle level-density and backshift parameters on parity. We compare our exact results with those of the thermal Hartree-Fock approximation.
9707027v1
2000-09-05
Signature of a Pairing Transition in the Heat Capacity of Finite Nuclei
The heat capacity of iron isotopes is calculated within the interacting shell model using the complete $(pf+0g_{9/2})$-shell. We identify a signature of the pairing transition in the heat capacity that is correlated with the suppression of the number of spin-zero neutron pairs as the temperature increases. Our results are obtained by a novel method that significantly reduces the statistical errors in the heat capacity calculated by the shell model Monte Carlo approach. The Monte Carlo results are compared with finite-temperature Fermi gas and BCS calculations.
0009006v1
2000-12-08
Effect of nuclear structure on Type Ia supernova nucleosynthesis
The relationship among nuclear structure, the weak processes in nuclei, and astrophysics becomes quite apparent in supernova explosion and nucleosynthesis studies. In this brief article, I report on progress made in the last few years on calculating electron capture and beta-decay rates in iron-group nuclei. I also report on applications of these rates to Type-Ia nucleosynthesis studies.
0012027v1
2002-01-10
Neutral-current neutrino reactions in the supernova environment
We study the neutral-current neutrino scattering for four nuclei in the iron region. We evaluate the cross sections for the relevant temperatures during the supernova core collapse and derive Gamow-Teller distributions from large-scale shell-model calculations. We show that the thermal population of the excited states significantly enhances the cross sections at low neutrino energies. Calculations of the outgoing neutrino spectra indicate the prospect of neutrino upscattering at finite temperatures. Both results are particularly notable in even-even nuclei.
0201025v1
2003-03-06
Gamow-Teller strength distributions in Fe and Ni stable isotopes
We study Gamow-Teller strength distributions in some selected nuclei of particular Astrophysical interest within the iron mass region. The theoretical framework is based on a proton-neutron Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation built on a deformed selfconsistent mean field basis obtained from two-body density-dependent Skyrme forces. We compare our results to available experimental information obtained from (n,p) and (p,n) charge exchange reactions.
0303015v1
2006-07-27
Spin projection in the shell model Monte Carlo method and the spin distribution of nuclear level densities
We introduce spin projection methods in the shell model Monte Carlo approach and apply them to calculate the spin distribution of level densities for iron-region nuclei using the complete $(pf+g_{9/2})$-shell. We compare the calculated distributions with the spin-cutoff model and extract an energy-dependent moment of inertia. For even-even nuclei and at low excitation energies, we observe a significant suppression of the moment of inertia and odd-even staggering in the spin dependence of level densities.
0607062v1
2000-03-22
RF-induced evaporative cooling and BEC in a high magnetic field
We present the design of our iron-core electromagnet for BEC, and how to solve the specific experimental problems raised by this technique. After presenting the experimental set-up, we address the interruption of runaway evaporative cooling when the Zeeman effect is not linear. We present the ways to circumvent this problem, use of multiple RF frequencies, sympathetic cooling and show some applications of these high magnetic fields (cavity coupling, high confinement).
0003050v1
2007-02-13
LHCb Level-0 Trigger Detectors
The calorimeter and muon systems are essential components to provide a trigger for the LHCb experiment. The calorimeter system comprises a scintillating pad detector and pre-shower, followed by electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters. The calorimeter system allows photons, electrons and hadrons to be identified, and their energy to be measured. The muon system consists of five measuring stations equipped with Multi-Wire Proportional Chambers (MWPCs) and triple-Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors, separated by iron filters. It allows the muons identification and transverse momentum measurement. The status of the two systems and their expected performance is presented.
0702103v1
2006-03-21
Quantum description of spin tunneling in magnetic molecules: a new view
Starting from a phenomenological Hamiltonian originally written in terms of angular momentum operators we derive a new quantum angle-based Hamiltonian that allows for a discussion on the quantum spin tunneling. The study of the applicability of the present approach, carried out in calculations with a soluble quasi-spin model, shows that we are allowed to use our method in the description of physical systems such as the Mn12-acetate molecule, as well as the octanuclear iron cluster, Fe8, in a reliable way. With the present description the interpretation of the spin tunneling is seen to be direct, the spectra and energy barriers of those systems are obtained, and it is shown that they agree with the experimental ones.
0603183v1
2007-02-06
Spin tunneling in magnetic molecules: Quantitative estimates for Fe8 clusters
Spin tunneling in the particular case of the magnetic molecular cluster octanuclear iron(III), Fe8, is treated by an effective Hamiltonian that allows for an angle-based description of the process. The presence of an external magnetic field along the easy axis is also taken into account in this description. Analytic expressions for the energy levels and barriers are obtained from a harmonic approximation of the potential function which give results in good agreement with the experimental results. The energy splittings due to spin tunneling is treated in an adapted WKB approach and it is shown that the present description can give results to a reliable degree of accuracy.
0702051v1
2007-04-19
Iron Line Profiles from Relativistic Thick Accretion Disk
We present a new code for calculating the Fe Kalpha line profiles from relativistic accretion disks with finite thickness around a rotating black hole. The thin Keplerian accretion disk must become thicker and sub-Keplerian with increasing accretion rates. We here embark on, for the first time, a fully relativistic computation which is aimed at gaining an insight into the effects of geometrical thickness and the sub-Keplerian orbital velocity on the line profiles. This code is also well-suited to produce accretion disk images.
0704.2460v1
2007-04-20
Neutrino beams as a probe of the nuclear isospin and spin-isospin excitations
We explore the possibility of performing nuclear structure studies using low energy neutrino beams. In particular, low energy beta-beams and conventional sources (muon decay-at-rest) are considered. We present results on the total charged-current as well as flux-averaged cross sections associated to electron (anti)-neutrino scattering on oxygen, iron, molybdenum and lead, as typical examples. It is shown that by using neutrinos from low energy beta-beams, information on forbidden states, in particular the spin-dipole, could be extracted.
0704.2724v2
2007-05-14
On the Enhanced Reverse Beta Processes in Graphene-Iron Composite Nanostructures at High Temperatures in Strong Magnetic Field
Strong dense many-spin interactions have been proposed to organize novel orbital dynamics (the Little Effect) for novel chemical and catalytic phenomena. The recent determinations of the relativistic and quantum Hall effects of carriers in graphene under strong magnetic confinement have substantiated the Little Effect. Moreover such nonclassical phenomena under the stronger magnetic confinement of ferro-nanocatalysts are here shown to organize reverse beta processes and possibly pycnonuclear reactions under high temperature and high-pressure conditions. Such processes have implications for reverse beta reactions and nuclear reactions within the interior of the earth and new technologies for carbon nanotube-ferrometal and nanographene-ferrometal composites.
0705.1909v1
2007-06-22
A cool R Coronae Borealis star Z UMi
The high resolution spectra of a R CrB type star Z UMi are analysed. The atmospheric parameters of Z UMi are estimated: Teff=5250+/-250K and log g=0.5+/-0.3. This places Z UMi among the coolest R CrB stars. The hydrogen deficiency of Z UMi is confirmed. The abundances of other elements resemble those found for the minority group of R CrB stars. We note very low iron abundance, [Fe/H]=-1.85, and an excess of lithium, [Li/Fe]=+1.9.
0706.3271v1
2007-06-27
Molecular dynamics simulations of the dipolar-induced formation of magnetic nanochains and nanorings
Iron, cobalt and nickel nanoparticles, grown in the gas phase, are known to arrange in chains and bracelet-like rings due to the long-range dipolar interaction between the ferromagnetic (or super-paramagnetic) particles. We investigate the dynamics and thermodynamics of such magnetic dipolar nanoparticles for low densities using molecular dynamics simulations and analyze the influence of temperature and external magnetic fields on two- and three-dimensional systems. The obtained phase diagrams can be understood by using simple energetic arguments.
0706.3920v1
2007-07-23
Magic Baseline Beta Beam
We study the physics reach of an experiment where neutrinos produced in a beta-beam facility at CERN are observed in a large magnetized iron calorimeter (ICAL) at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). The CERN-INO distance is close to the so-called "magic" baseline which helps evade some of the parameter degeneracies and allows for a better measurement of the neutrino mass hierarchy and $\theta_{13}$.
0707.3367v1
2007-08-09
The Rest-Frame UV Spectrum of Elliptical Galaxies at High Redshift
Beyond redshift ~1.4 the only spectral feature that allows one to get the redshift of passively evolving galaxies (PEG) with optical spectrographs is a characteristic structure due to a set of iron and magnesium lines lines at 2600-2850 Angstrom in the rest frame. The same feature permits also to estimate the time elapsed since the cessation of star formation. Current efforts at observing high redshift PEGs at the VLT and SUBARU telescopes are briefly reviewed.
0708.1240v1
2007-09-03
Galactic neutrino background from cosmic ray interaction with the ISM content
We use a diffusive model for the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays to estimate the charged pion production in interactions with protons of the interstellar medium. Cosmic ray nuclei from proton to iron are considered and the corresponding contribution to the neutrino secondary flux produced as a result of spallation is also estimated.
0709.0278v2
2007-09-06
Structural peculiarities of plastically-deformed cementite and their influence on magnetic characteristics and Mossbauer parameters
Cementite Fe3C is studied with first-principles calculations. Two possible positions of carbon atoms in the iron sublattice are considered: with prismatic or octahedral environment. Mossbauer spectra (MS) with parameters calculated for both modifications are simulated above and below the Curie temperature. A possibility to detect the change in carbon position upon annealing from MS is discussed. It is shown that this is hardly possible using a standard approach to treatment of MS, but it can be seen in more subtle details of the MS below the Curie temperature, such as widths and positions of separate lines.
0709.0789v1
2007-11-28
Nuclear effects in F_3 structure function of nucleon
We study nuclear effects in the $F^A_3(x)$ structure function in the deep inelastic neutrino reactions on iron by using a relativistic framework to describe the nucleon spectral functions in the nucleus. The results for the ratio $R(x,Q^2)=\frac{F^A_3(x,Q^2)}{AF^N_3(x, Q^2)}$ and the Gross-Llewellyn Smith(GLS) integral $G(x,Q^2)=\int_x^1 dx F^A_3(x,Q^2)$ in nuclei are discussed and compared with the recent results available in literature from theoretical and phenomenological analyses of experimental data.
0711.4443v2
2007-12-05
Investigating Possible Neutrino Decay in Long Baseline Experiment Using ICAL as Far end Detector
We investigate the effects of possible decay of neutrinos from a neutrino factory in a long baseline experiment. We consider the neutrinos from a factory at CERN and the detector to be the 50 kTon iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector proposed for India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). We found considerable depletion of muon yield at INO for certain value of decay parameters.
0712.0697v2
2007-12-20
On the Simbol-X capability of detecting red/blue-shifted emission and absorption Fe K lines
The detection of red/blue-shifted iron lines in the spectra of astronomical X-ray sources is of great importance, as it allows to trace the environment around compact objects, like black holes in AGNs. We report on extensive simulations to test the Simbol-X capability of detecting such spectral features, focusing on the low energy detector (0.5-30 keV).
0712.3427v1
2008-01-16
Light-induced scattering and energy transfer between orthogonally-polarized waves
We present a detailed experimental investigation on polarization-isotropic and polarization-anisotropic holographic scattering in lithium niobate crystal doped with iron when recording parasitic gratings with an ordinary polarized pump beam. The kinetics of both types of scattering during the whole process of recording is studied. Holographic scattering is presented as a simple technique to monitor the energy transfer between beams of different polarization. Moreover, the spectral and the angular dependence of the transmitted intensity of the crystal during the reconstruction of the auto-generated parasitic gratings are measured.
0801.2489v1
2008-01-30
Long-range magnetic order and spin-lattice coupling in the delafossite CuFeO2
The electronic and magnetic properties of the delafossite CuFeO2 are investigated by means of electronic structure calculations. They are performed using density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation as well as the new full-potential augmented spherical wave method. The calculations reveal three different spin states at the iron sites. Taking into account the correct crystal structure, we find long-range antiferromagnetic ordering in agreement with experiment. Contrasting previous work, our calculations show that non-local exchange interactions lead to a semiconducting ground state.
0801.4787v1
2008-01-31
The Impact of Transit Observations on Planetary Physics
We highlight the importance of transit observations on understanding the physics of planetary atmospheres and interiors. Transmission spectra and emission spectra allow us to characterize this exotic atmospheres, which possess TiO, VO, H2O, CO, Na, and K, as principal absorbers. We calculate mass-radius relations for water-rock-iron and gas giant planets and examine these relations in light of current and future transit observations. A brief review is given of mechanisms that could lead to the large radii observed for some transiting planets.
0801.4943v1
2008-02-06
The Suppression and Recovery of the Ferroelectric Phase in Multiferroic $MnWO_4$
We report the discovery of a complete suppression of ferroelectricity in $MnWO_4$ by 10 % iron substitution and its restoration in external magnetic fields. The spontaneous polarization in $Mn_{0.9}Fe_{0.1}WO_4$ arises below 12 K in external fields above 4 T. The magnetic/ferroelectric phase diagram is constructed from the anomalies of the dielectric constant, polarization, magnetization, and heat capacity. The observations are qualitatively described by a mean field model with competing interactions and strong anisotropy. We propose that the magnetic field induces a non-collinear inversion symmetry breaking magnetic structure in $Mn_{0.9}Fe_{0.1}WO_4$.
0802.0839v1
2008-03-31
Hole superconductivity in Arsenic-Iron compounds
Superconductivity above 25K, and possibly above 40K, has recently been discovered in $LaO_{1-x}F_xFeAs$ and related compounds. We propose that this is another example of the mechanism of hole superconductivity at play. This requires the existence of hole carriers at the Fermi energy, which appears to contradict current observations. We propose that two-band conduction is taking place in these materials, that the negative ion $As^{-3}$ plays a key role, and that superconductivity is non-phononic and driven by pairing and undressing of heavily dressed hole carriers to lower their kinetic energy. We make several predictions of future observations based on our theory.
0804.0002v1
2008-04-03
Understanding the Unique Structural and Electronic Properties of SrFeO2
We report a first-principles study of SrFeO$_2$, an infinite-layer oxide with Fe atoms in a perfect square-planar coordination down to essentially 0 K. Our results reveal this striking behavior relies on the double occupation of the 3$d_{z^2}$ orbitals of high-spin Fe$^{2+}$. Such an electronic state results from the hybridization of iron's 3$d_{z^2}$ and 4$s$ orbitals, which enables a large reduction of the intra-atomic exchange splitting of the $z^2$ electrons. The generality of the phenomenon is discussed.
0804.0495v1
2008-04-21
Unusual magnetic behavior in ferrite hollow nanospheres
We report unusual magnetic behavior in iron oxide hollow nanospheres of 9.3 $nm$ in diameter. The large fraction of atoms existing at the inner and outer surfaces gives rise to a high magnetic disorder. The overall magnetic behavior can be explained considering the coexistence of a soft superparamagnetic phase and a hard phase corresponding to the highly frustrated cluster-glass like phase at the surface regions.
0804.3292v1
2008-04-24
Graphene-protected iron layer on Ni(111)
Here we report the photoemission studies of intercalation process of Fe underneath graphene layer on Ni(111). The process of intercalation was monitored via XPS of corresponding core levels and UPS of the graphene-derived $\pi$ states in the valence band. \textit{fcc}-Fe films with thickness of 2-5 monolayers at the interface between graphene and Ni(111) form epitaxial magnetic layer passivated from the reactive environment, like for example oxygen gas.
0804.3942v1
2008-04-24
19-F NMR Investigation of Iron-pnictide Superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11)
We report 19-F NMR investigation of the new high temperature superconductor LaFeAsO(0.89)F(0.11) (Tc ~ 28K). We demonstrate that low frequency spin fluctuations exhibit pseudo gap behavior above Tc. We also deduce the London penetration depth lambda from NMR line broadening below Tc.
0804.4026v3
2008-04-25
Structural, magnetic and electronic properties of quaternary oxybismuthides LaOMBi (where M = Sc, Ti ... Ni, Cu) - possible parent phases for new superconducting materials
The extensive ab initio total energy calculations using the VASP-PAW method with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential are applied to systematic investigation of structural, electronic and magnetic properties in quaternary oxybismuthides LaOMBi (where M = Sc, Ti...Ni, Cu). The energy spectrum features similar to lanthanum-iron oxyarsenide LaOFeAs and non-magnetic ground state are indicative of superconductivity possible in lanthanum-nickel oxybismuthide LaONiBi.
0804.4064v1
2008-05-23
Normal State Correlated Electronic Structure of Iron Pnictides
We describe the correlated electronic structure of a prototype Fe-pnictide superconductor, $SmO_{1-x}F_{x}FeAs$, using LDA+DMFT. Strong, multi-orbital electronic correlations generate a low-energy pseudogap in the undistorted phase, giving a bad, incoherent metal in qualitative agreement with observations. Very good semi-quantitative agreement with the experimental spectral functions is seen, and interpreted, within a correlated, multi-orbital picture. Our results show that Fe-pnictides should be understood as low-carrier density, incoherent metals, in resemblance to the underdoped cuprate superconductors.
0805.3636v1
2008-05-26
Observation of magnetic field lines in the vicinity of a superconductor with the naked eye
Meissner effect and pinning effect are clearly observed with the naked eye. A GdBaCuO high-temperature superconductor (HTS) disk fabricated by Nippon Steel Corporation, a 100mm cubic NdFeB sintered magnet, and iron wires coated by colored are used. When the HTS is put in the magnetic field of the magnet, it can be observed by the wires that the magnetic field lines are excluded from the superconductor (Meissner effect) as well as are pinned in the superconductor (pinning effect).
0805.3990v4
2008-06-05
Low temperature synthesis and pressure induced insulator-metal transition of the newly found NdFeAsO0.75
As low as 900 oC, iron-based layered quaternary compound NdFeAsO0.75 was synthesized through solid state reaction method. XRD measurements illustrate almost pure phase of tetragonal phase NdFeAsO was formed. The synthesis temperature in our experiment is the lowest among all the reported methods without the help of any mineralizer. After further treatment under high pressure of 6 GPa at temperature of 1300 oC for 2 hours, the electrical transport property of NdFeAsO0.75 was transformed from insulator-like to metal- like behavior.
0806.0976v1
2008-06-11
On superconducting and magnetic properties of iron-oxypnictides
Pairing symmetry in oxypnictides, a new family of multiband high-Tc superconductors, is partially imposed by the positions of multiple Fermi pockets, which itself can give rise to new order parameters, such as s+,- states or the state of dx^2-y^2 symmetry. Other pairing states may appear on small pockets for long range interactions, but they are expected to be sensitive to defects. We identify the competing antiferromagnetic order with the triplet exciton transition in the semi- metallic background and discuss whether its coexistence with superconductivity explains the doping dependence of Tc.
0806.1933v2
2008-06-14
Pressure-induced superconductivity in PrOxFeAs
Superconductivity with Tc of 45 K was realized in the tetragonal ZrCuSiAs-type PrOxFeAs (x=0.75) under heat treatment of 1300 oC and pressure of 6 GPa for 2 hours. Although the sample prepared at 900 oC in vaccum possessed the same phase as that treated in pressure, the electrical transport measurement showed the similar behavior with its parent ReOFeAs (Re: rare-earth metal). This pressure-induced superconductivity could give us a hint to understand the origins of the newly-found iron based superconductors.
0806.2379v1
2008-06-17
Improved parameters of the hydrogen-deficient binary star KSPer
Using the high resolution spectral observations obtained with the Nasmyth Echelle Spectrograph NES of the 6m telescope we analysed the optical spectrum of the hydrogen-deficient binary star KSPer. The atmospheric parameters derived are: effective temperature Teff=9500+/-300 K, surface gravity log g=2.0+/-0.5, and microturbulent velocity Vt=9.5+/-0.5km/s. The hydrogen deficiency is H/He=3x10^{-5}, iron abundance is reduced by 0.8dex; nitrogen abundance is very high [N/Fe]=1.4, but carbon and oxygen abundances are low. The star luminosity is log L/Lo=3.3. A complex absorption and emission structure of the NaI D doublet was revealed. We suggest that the emission component forms in the circumbinary gaseous envelope.
0806.2709v1
2008-06-19
Real Space Coulomb Interaction: A Pairing Glue for FeAs Superconductors
In this paper we present a real space pairing glue for the iron-based layered superconductors. It is shown that two static electrons embedded symmetrically into two adjacent Fe plaquettes of the superconductor can be bounded due to the Coulombic interaction. The pairing mechanism favors the existence of the pseudogap in the underdoped FeAs superconductors. A criterion is introduced to distinguish whether or not the pseudogap can open in a material.
0806.3125v2
2008-06-25
Mossbauer Spectroscopy Determination of iron foreign phases in the Superconducting Systems; RAsFeO1-x, RAsFeO1-xFx and Sr1-xKxFe2As2
The recently discovered superconducting - spin density wave materials, containing Fe and As, have raised huge interest. However most materials prepared to date, suffer from a varying degree of content of foreign Fe-As phases, Fe2As, FeAs2 and FeAs, which can lead to wrong conclusions concerning the properties of these materials. We show here that Mossbauer Spectroscopy is able to determine quite easily the relative content of the foreign phases. This procedure is demonstrated by a study of seven samples of superconducting or spin density wave materials, prepared in three different laboratories.
0806.4078v1
2008-06-26
Some improvements of the ART method for finding transition pathways on potential energy surfaces
The Activation-Relaxation Technique nouveau (ARTn) is an eigenvector following method for systematic search of saddle points and transition pathways on a given potential energy surface. We propose a variation of this method aiming at improving the efficiency of the local convergence close to the saddle point. We prove the convergence and robustness of this new algorithm. The efficiency of the method is tested in the case of point defects in body centered cubic iron.
0806.4354v1
2008-07-14
Superconductivity in SrFe_(2-x)Co_xAs_2: Internal Doping of the Iron Arsenide Layers
In the electron doped compounds SrFe_(2-x)Co_xAs_2 superconductivity with T_c up to 20 K is observed for 0.2 < x < 0.4. Results of structure determination, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and specific heat are reported. The observation of bulk superconductivity in all thermodynamic properties -- despite strong disorder in the Fe-As layer -- favors an itinerant picture in contrast to the cuprates and renders a p- or d-wave scenario unlikely. DFT calculations find that the substitution of Fe by Co (x > 0.3) leads to the suppression of the magnetic ordering present in SrFe_2As_2 due to a rigid down-shift of the Fe-3d_(x^2-y^2) related band edge in the density of states.
0807.2223v1
2008-07-14
Structure and superconductivity of LiFeAs
The lithium ions in Lithium iron arsenide phases with compositions close to LiFeAs have been located using powder neutron diffraction. These phases exhibit superconductivity at temperatures at least as high as 16 K demonstrating that superconductivity in compounds with [FeAs]- anti-PbO-type anionic layers occurs in compounds with at least three different structure types and occurs for a wide range of As-Fe-As bond angles.
0807.2228v2
2008-07-31
Superconductivity in nickel-based compound GdONiBi and hole doped Gd0.9Sr0.1ONiBi
We successfully synthesized the nickel-based compound GdONiBi with superconducting transition temperature about 4.5 K. By partially substituting the element Gd with Sr to introduce holes into the material, we got new superconductor Gd0.9Sr0.1ONiBi with critical temperature about 4.7 K. The normal state resistivity in nickel-based samples shows a metallic behavior. The magnetoresistance measurements show a different behavior compared to those in iron-based compounds which indicates that the mechanism in the two kinds of superconductors maybe different.
0807.5045v1
2008-08-04
Superconductivity in Co-doped SmFeAsO
Here we report the synthesis and basic characterization of SmFe1-xCoxAsO (x=0.10, 0.15). The parent compound SmFeAsO itself is not superconducting but shows an antiferromagnetic order near 150 K, which must be suppressed by doping before superconductivity emerges. With Co-doping in the FeAs planes, antiferromagnetic order is destroyed and superconductivity occurs at 15 K. Similar to LaFe1-xCoxAsO, the SmFe1-xCoxAsO system appears to tolerate considerable disorder in the FeAs planes. This result is important, which indicates difference between cuprare superconductors and the iron-based arsenide ones.
0808.0197v2
2008-08-13
Superconductivity in layered iron Selenide induced by cobalt- and sodium-doping
Superconductivity with zero resistance transition temperature (Tc) up to 8.4 K and 8.3 K can be obtained by doping cobalt and sodium in alfa-FeSe with the nominal composition of Fe0.92Co0.08Se and Na0.1FeSe, respectively. The electrical resistivity and AC magnetic susceptibility of the prepared samples, measured with physical property measurement system (PPMS), unambiguously consistent with each other to indicate that the samples are superconductive. The respective doping mechanisms for cobalt and sodium into the parent alfa-FeSe are the Fe-site substitution and the interlayer insertion. It is the first time that alfa-FeSe can be induced to be a superconductor with Na+ intercalated into the interlayers.
0808.1784v1
2008-08-14
Heteroepitaxial growth and optoelectronic properties of layered iron oxyarsenide, LaFeAsO
Epitaxial thin films of LaFeAsO were fabricated on MgO (001) and mixed-perovskite (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3 (001) single-crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition using a Nd:YAG second harmonic source and a 10 at.% F-doped LaFeAsO disk target. Temperature dependences of the electrical resistivities showed no superconducting transition in the temperature range of 2-300 K, and were similar to those of undoped polycrystalline bulk samples. The transmittance spectrum exhibited a clear peak at ~0.2 eV, which is explained by ab-initio calculations.
0808.1956v2
2008-08-28
Electric excitation of spin resonance in antiferromagnetic conductors
Antiferromagnetism couples electron spin to its orbital motion, thus allowing excitation of electron-spin transitions by an ac electric rather than magnetic field - with absorption, exceeding that of common electron spin resonance at least by four orders of magnitude. In addition to potential applications in spin electronics, this phenomenon may be used as a spectroscopy to study antiferromagnetic materials of interest - from chromium to borocarbides, cuprates, iron pnictides, and organic and heavy fermion conductors.
0808.3946v2
2008-08-30
A new family of iron pnictides: BaFeAs2 and BaFeSb2
We investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the hypothetical compound BaFePn2 (Pn = As and Sb), which is isostructural to the parent compound of the high temperature superconductor LaFeAsO1-xFx. Using density functional theory, we show that the Fermi surface, electronic structure and the spin density wave instability of BaFePn2 are very similar to the Fe based superconductors. Additionally, there are very dispersive metallic bands of a spacer Pn layer, which are almost decoupled from FePn layer. Our results show that experimental study of BaFePn2 can test the role of charge and polarization fluctuation, importance of two dimensionality in mechanism of superconductivity.
0809.0041v2
2008-09-03
Imaging the antiparallel magnetic alignment of adjacent Fe and MnAs thin films
The magnetic coupling between iron and alpha - MnAs in the epitaxial system Fe/MnAs/GaAs(001) has been studied at the sub-micron scale, using element selective x-ray photoemission electron microscopy. At room temperature, MnAs layers display ridges and grooves, alternating alpha (magnetic) and beta (non-magnetic) phases. The self-organised microstructure of MnAs and the stray fields that it generates govern the local alignment between the Fe and alpha - MnAs magnetization directions, which is mostly antiparallel with a marked dependence upon the magnetic domain size.
0809.0620v1
2008-09-08
Pressure Study of Superconducting Oxypnictide LaFePO
Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements under high pressure were performed on an iron-based superconductor LaFePO. A steep increase in superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of LaFePO with dTc/dP > 4 K/GPa to a maximum of 8.8 K for P = 0.8 GPa was observed. These results are similar to isocrystalline LaFeAsO1-xFx system reported previously. X-ray diffraction measurements were also performed under high pressure up to 10 GPa, where linear compressibility ka and kc are presented.
0809.1239v1
2008-09-10
Structural and electronic response upon hole-doping of rare-earth iron oxyarsenides Nd1-xSrxFeAsO (0 < x < 0.2)
Hole-doping of NdFeAsO via partial replacement of Nd3+ by Sr2+ is a successful route to obtain superconducting phases (Tc = 13.5 K for a Sr2+ content of 20%); however, the structural and electronic response with doping is different from and non-symmetric to that in the electron-doped side of the phase diagram.
0809.1755v1
2008-09-17
Phonon Density of States in Nd(O$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$)FeAs
We report measurements of the phonon density-of-states in iron oxypnictide superconductors by inelastic x-ray scattering. A good agreement with ab-initio calculations that do not take into account strong electronic correlations is found, and an unpredicted softening of phonon branches under F doping of these compounds is observed. Raman scattering experiments lead us to conclude that this softening is not related to zone center phonons, and consequently imply an important softening of the relevant phonon branches at finite momentum transfer Q.
0809.2898v1
2008-10-08
Pressure-induced superconductivity in Iron pnictide compound SrFe2As2
Electrical resistivity under high pressure have been measured on nominally pure SrFe2As2 up to 14 GPa. The resistivity drop appeared with increasing pressure, and we clearly observed zero resistivity. The maximum of superconducting transition temperature (Tc) is 38 K. The value is corresponding to the one of optimally doping AFe2As2 (A=Sr, Ba) system with K+ ions at the A2+ site.
0810.1377v1
2008-10-17
Magnetic Phase Diagram of FeAs based superconductors
The recently discovered high-temperature superconductivity in doped quaternary iron oxypnictides correlates experimentally with a magnetic instability. We have used first-principles calculations to determine a magnetic phase diagram of ReO$_{1-\delta}$FeAs (Re=La--Dy) as a function of the doping $\delta$, of the FeAs in-plane lattice constant $a$, and of the distance between the Fe and As planes, that is qualitatively consistent with recent experimental findings on the doping, internal (chemical) and external pressure dependence. The existence of a tricritical point (TCP) in the phase diagram suggests new ways of enhancing $T_c$.
0810.3246v1
2008-10-18
Density Functional Study of Excess Fe in Fe$_{1+x}$Te: Magnetism and Doping
The electronic and magnetic properties of the excess Fe in iron telluride Fe$_{(1+x)}$Te are investigated by density functional calculations. We find that the excess Fe occurs with valence near Fe$^{+}$, and therefore provides electron doping with approximately one carrier per Fe, and furthermore that the excess Fe is strongly magnetic. Thus it will provide local moments that interact with the plane Fe magnetism, and these are expected to persist in phases where the magnetism of the planes is destroyed for example by pressure or doping. These results are discussed in the context of superconductivity.
0810.3274v1
2008-10-29
FeTe as a candidate material for new iron-based superconductor
Tetragonal FeSe is a superconductor with a transition temperature Tc of 8 K and shows a huge enhancement of Tc with applying pressure. Tetragonal FeTe has a structure very analogous to superconducting FeSe, but does not show superconducting transition. We investigated the pressure effect of resistivity on FeTe. The resistivity at room temperature decreased with increasing pressure. An anomaly in resistivity around 80 K shifted towards a lower temperature with increasing pressure.
0810.5191v1
2008-11-08
Theory of Magnetic Order in $ Fe_{1+y}Te_{1-x}Se_x$
We develop a local spin model to explain the rich magnetic structures in the iron-based superconductors $Fe_{1+y}Te_{1-x}Se_x$. We show that our model exhibits both commensurate antiferromagnetic and incommensurate magnetic order along the crystal a-axis. The transition from the commensurate to the incommensurate phase is induced when the concentration of excess $Fe$ atoms is larger than a critical value. Experimentally measurable spin-wave features are calculated, and the mean-field phase diagram of the model is obtained. Our model also suggests the existence of a large quantum critical region due to strong spin frustration upon increasing $Se$ concentration.
0811.1294v1
2008-11-26
Spin-Valve Effect of the Spin Accumulation Resistance in a Double Ferromagnet - Superconductor Junction
We have measured the transport properties of Ferromagnet - Superconductor nanostructures, where two superconducting aluminum (Al) electrodes are connected through two ferromagnetic iron (Fe) ellipsoids in parallel. We find that, below the superconducting critical temperature of Al, the resistance depends on the relative alignment of the ferromagnets' magnetization. This spin-valve effect is analyzed in terms of spin accumulation in the superconducting electrode submitted to inverse proximity effect.
0811.4252v2
2008-11-28
Crystalline multilayers of the confined Yukawa system
The phase diagram of Yukawa particles confined between two parallel hard walls is calculated at zero-temperature beyond the bilayer regime by lattice-sum-minimization. Tuning the screening, a rich phase behavior is found in the regime bounded by stable two-triangular layers and 3-square layers. In this regime, alternating prism phases with square and triangular basis, structures derived from a hcp bulk lattice, and a structure with two outer layers and two inner staggered rectangular layers, reminiscent of a Belgian waffle iron, are stable. These structures are verifiable in experiments on charged colloidal suspensions and dusty plasma sheets.
0811.4763v2
2008-12-03
Relationship between the magnetic hyperfine field and the magnetic moment
Based on experimental data it is shown, for some chosen alloys and compounds of iron, that there is no one unique relationship between the 57Fe-site magnetic hyperfine field, Bhf, and the magnetic moment per Fe atom, m. Instead, the Bhf-m plot consists of several branches, each of them being characteristic of a given alloy or compound. Consequently, the effective proportionality constant (hyperfine coupling constant) depends on the alloy system or compound, and for a given alloy system or compound it depends on the composition or even on the lattice site. Consequently, the scaling of Bhf into the underlying m cannot be done a priopri.
0812.0671v1
2008-12-05
In-gap bound states and tunneling conductance of multiband superconductors through a normal/superconductor/superconductor junction
The tunneling conductance between a metal and a multiband s-wave superconductor with a thin layer of single-band s-wave superconductor sandwiched in between is examined in this paper. We show that an in-gap peak in conductance curve is found as a result of the formation of in-gap bound state between the single-band and multiband superconductor junctions if the phases of the superconducting order parameters of the multiband superconductor are frustrated. The implication of this result in determining the gap symmetry of the iron-based superconductors is discussed.
0812.1068v2
2008-12-12
Physics Potential of Future Atmospheric Neutrino Searches
The potential of future high statistics atmospheric neutrino experiments is considered, having in mind currently discussed huge detectors of various technologies (water Cerekov, magnetized iron, liquid Argon). I focus on the possibility to use atmospheric data to determine the octant of $\theta_{23}$ and the neutrino mass hierarchy. The sensitivity to the $\theta_{23}$-octant of atmospheric neutrinos is competitive (or even superior) to long-baseline experiments. I discuss the ideal properties of a fictitious atmospheric neutrino detector to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy.
0812.2392v1
2008-12-12
Interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in Fe-pnictides
We consider phase transitions and potential co-existence of spin-density-wave (SDW) magnetic order and extended s-wave ($s^+$) superconducting order within a two-band itinerant model of iron pnictides, in which SDW magnetism and $s^+$ superconductivity are competing orders. We show that depending on parameters, the transition between these two states is either first order, or involves an intermediate phase in which the two orders co-exist. We demonstrate that such co-existence is possible when SDW order is incommensurate.
0812.2469v1
2008-12-22
The calculation of the effective interaction parameter in LDA+U method by linear response approach for Fe(OH)2
In this paper we have investigated the electronic properties of Fe(OH)2 hydroxide by using the LSDA+U as well as the generalized gradient approximation. Our calculations for the iron-hydroxide show that the LSDA results are greatly at variance with experimental findings. On the other hand we have shown that LSDA+U is capable of opening a gap at the Fermi level resulting in insulating ground state in agreement with experimental observations.
0812.4116v1
2008-12-30
Maxwell Tension Supports the Water Bridge
A cylindrical flexible cable made up of pure fluid water can be experimentally spanned across a spatial gap with cable endpoints fixed to the top edges of two glass beakers. The cable has been called a water bridge in close analogy to iron cables employed to build ordinary span bridges. A necessary condition for the construction of a water bridge is that a large electric field exists parallel to and located within the water cable. Presently, there is no accepted detailed theory which quantitatively explains the forces which hold up the bridge. Our purpose is to present such theory based on the Maxwell pressure tensor induced by the electric field albeit within the condensed matter dielectric fluid cable.
0812.4845v1
2009-01-11
A Possible Theoretical Model For Studying Superconductivity In Fe-based Systems
A theoretical approach with a microscopic model is proposed for the observed "high temperature superconductivity" in the Iron-based compounds. The above scheme takes into account two important aspects viz. (i) superconducting transition close to magnetic ordering and (ii) the layered structure. From the calculation of the superconducting transition temperature, it is shown that in the Fe-based superconductors the magnetic mechanism for superconductivity, operating through the effective attractive Coulomb interaction within the framework of the Fermi Liquid theory, is highly plausible.
0901.1438v1
2009-02-09
Dislocation Core Energies and Core Fields from First Principles
Ab initio calculations in bcc iron show that a <111> screw dislocation induces a short-range dilatation field in addition to the Volterra elastic field. This core field is modeled in anisotropic elastic theory using force dipoles. The elastic modeling thus better reproduces the atom displacements observed in ab initio calculations. Including this core field in the computation of the elastic energy allows deriving a core energy which converges faster with the cell size, thus leading to a result which does not depend on the geometry of the dislocation array used for the simulation.
0902.1451v1
2009-02-21
Unconventional Pairing in Doped Band Insulators on a Honeycomb Lattice : the Role of the Disconnected Fermi Surface and a Possible Application to Superconducting $β$-MNCl (M=Hf,Zr)
We investigate the possibility of realizing unconventional superconductivity in doped band insulators on the square lattice and the honeycomb lattice, where the latter is found to be a good candidate due to the disconnectivity of the Fermi surface. We propose applying the theory to the superconductivity in doped layered nitride $\beta$-$M$NCl ($M=$Hf, Zr). Finally, we compare two groups of superconductors with disconnected Fermi surface, $\beta$-$M$NCl and the iron pnictides, which have high $T_c$ despite some faults against superconductivity are present.
0902.3695v1
2009-03-02
Fermi surface shrinking and interband coupling in iron-based pnictides
Recent measurements of Fermi surface with de Haas-van Alphen oscillations in LaFePO showed a shrinking of the Fermi pockets with respect to first-principle LDA calculations, suggesting an energy shift of the hole and electrons bands with respect to LDA. We show that these shifts are a natural consequence of the strong particle-hole asymmetry of electronic bands in pnictides, and that they provide an indirect experimental evidence of a dominant interband scattering in these systems.
0903.0315v2
2009-03-08
Predictions of highest Transition-temperature for electron-phonon superconductors
Using the Eliashberg strong coupling theory with vertex correction, we calculate maps of transition temperatures (T$_{c}$) of electron-phonon superconductors in full parameter space. The maximums of transition temperatures for superconductors are predicted based on the maps and the criterion of instability of superconductivity. The strong vertex correction and high transition temperature are tightly correlated in superconductors. We predict that the maximum of T$_{c}$ of new iron-based superconductors will be close to 90(K).
0903.1395v1
2009-03-18
Piezonuclear neutrons from fracturing of inert solids
Neutron emission measurements by means of helium-3 neutron detectors were performed on solid test specimens during crushing failure. The materials used were marble and granite, selected in that they present a different behaviour in compression failure (i.e., a different brittleness index) and a different iron content. All the test specimens were of the same size and shape. Neutron emissions from the granite test specimens were found to be of about one order of magnitude higher than the natural background level at the time of failure.
0903.3104v1
2009-03-26
SCES '08 - concluding remarks
This year's SCES has proved exciting in the array of unconventional phenomena discovered both in novel systems, and by the renewed investigation of age-old systems, arguably in the vicinity of QCPs. From heavy fermion systems, to cuprate superconductors, and in a new twist iron pnictide superconductors - some questions remain: just how similar or different are correlated phenomena in these systems? Further, how ubiquitous are ultra-strongly correlated effects such as the fractional quantum Hall effect (QHE), and can cold atom systems mimic such correlated phases? We shall discuss some of these issues here.
0903.4548v1
2009-04-05
Destruction of graphene by metal adatoms
The formation energies for mono- and bivacancies in graphene in the presence of adatoms of various metals and small metallic clusters have been calculated. It is shown that transition metal impurities, such as iron, nickel and, especially, cobalt reduce dramatically the vacancy formation energies whereas gold impurities have almost no effect on characteristics of the vacancies. This results highlight that special measures are required in order to protect graphene from damage by transition metal leads.
0904.0807v2
2009-04-30
Preparation and superconductivity of iron selenide thin films
FeSex (x = 0.80, 0.84, 0.88, 0.92) thin films were prepared on SrTiO3(001) (STO), (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3(001) (LSAT), and LaAlO3(001) (LAO) substrates by pulsed laser deposition method. All thin films show single-phase and c-axis oriented epitaxial growth, and are superconducting. Among them, the FeSe0.88 thin films show Tc, onset of 11.8 K and Tc, 0 of 3.4 K. The upper critical magnetic field is estimated to be 14.0 T.
0904.4731v1
2009-05-02
Quantum fluctuation and geometrical frustration effects on electric polarization
We examine theoretically a possibility of ferroelectricity caused by electronic charge order without inversion symmetry, motivated by layered iron oxides. Quantum electronic models in a paired-triangular lattice are analyzed by utilizing the variational Monte Carlo simulation. Our calculation demonstrates that combined effects of electron transfer between the layers, corresponding to quantum fluctuation between the potential minima, and geometrical frustration promote appearance of an electric polarization. Present results are in contrast to the conventional manner of quantum fluctuation in ferroelectricity.
0905.0182v1
2009-05-04
Berry Phase Coupling and the Cuprate Neutron Scattering Resonance
We examine the influence of coupling between particle-hole and particle-particle spin fluctuations on the inelastic neutron scattering resonance (INSR) in cuprate superconductors in both weak and strong interaction limits. For weak-interactions in the particle-hole channel, we find that the interchannel coupling can eliminate the resonance. For strong interactions which drive the system close to a $\bm{Q}=(\pi,\pi)$ magnetic instablity, the resonance frequency always approaches zero but its value is influenced by the interchannel coupling. We comment on constraints imposed on cuprate physics by the INSR phenomenology, and a comparison between the cuprates and the newly-discovered iron pnictide superconductors is discussed.
0905.0464v1
2009-05-12
Magnetic vortex as a ground state for sub-micron antiferromagnetic particles
For submicron particles shaped as any axisymmetric body and made with standard canted antiferromagnet like hematite or iron borate, the ground state may comprise of a magnetic vortex with topologically non-trivial distribution of the sublattice magnetization $\vec{l}$ and planar coreless vortex-like structure for the net magnetization $\vec{M}$. For antiferromagnetic particles in the vortex state, in addition to low-frequency modes, there are high frequency modes with frequencies over the range of hundreds gigahertz, including a mode localized in the region of the radius 30-40 nm near a vortex core.
0905.1966v2
2009-05-24
Magnetic impurities in the two-band $s_\pm$-wave superconductors
We investigate the effects of magnetic impurities in a superconducting state with $s_\pm$ pairing symmetry. Within a two-band model, we find that the intra-band magnetic scattering serves as a pair breaker while the inter-band magnetic scattering preserves pairing and hardly affects transition temperature in the Born limit. We also show that the same physics can persist beyond the weak scattering region. Our results coincide with recent experimental measurements in iron-based superconductors and thus provides an indirect evidence of the possible $s_\pm$ pairing symmetry in these materials.
0905.3883v2
2009-05-25
Electron Spin Resonance investigation of undoped and Li-doped CdWO_4 scintillator crystals
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions have been studied in the nominally pure and 0.05% Li-doped single crystals of CdWO4. The zero-field splitting parameters are determined with a high precision for both of the impurities. The result suggest that the Li-doping leads to the increase of the ionic charge of iron from 3+ to 4+ and of manganese, from 1+ to 2+.
0905.4011v1
2009-06-02
Enhancement of Critical Current Densities in Co-Doped BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ with Columnar Defects Introduced by Heavy-Ion Irradiation
We report the first realization of columnar defects in Co-doped BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals by heavy-iron irradiation. The columnar defects are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and their density is about 40 % of the irradiation dose. Magneto-optical imaging and bulk magnetization measurements reveal that the critical current density is strongly enhanced in the irradiated region. We also find that vortex creep rates are strongly suppressed by the columnar defects. We compare the effect of heavy-ion irradiation into Co-doped BaFe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ and cuprate superconductors.
0906.0444v1
2009-06-14
The Radial Dependence of Temperature and Iron Abundance: Galaxy Clusters from z=0.14 to z=0.89
Using archival Chandra and XMM-Newton data on 35 galaxy clusters, we measured average temperature and metallicity profiles for clusters based separated by temperature, cooling time, and redshift. Our results show no evidence for significant changes in the metallicity or temperature profiles with redshift once these selection effects are taken into account.
0906.2564v1
2009-06-22
Kondo resonance narrowing in d- and f-electron systems
By developing a simple scaling theory for the effect of Hund's interactions on the Kondo effect, we show how an exponential narrowing of the Kondo resonance develops in magnetic ions with large Hund's interaction. Our theory predicts an exponential reduction of the Kondo temperature with spin S of the Hund's coupled moment, a little-known effect first observed in d-electron alloys in the 1960's, and more recently encountered in numerical calculations on multi-band Hubbard models with Hund's interactions. We discuss the consequences of Kondo resonance narrowing for the Mott transition in d-band materials, particularly iron pnictides, and the narrow ESR linewidth recently observed in ferromagnetically correlated f-electron materials.
0906.4107v1
2009-06-29
Elastic energy of a straight dislocation and contribution from core tractions
We derive an expression of the core traction contribution to the dislocation elastic energy within linear anisotropic elasticity theory using the sextic formalism. With this contribution, the elastic energy is a state variable consistent with the work of the Peach-Koehler forces. This contribution needs also to be considered when extracting from atomic simulations core energies. The core energies thus obtained are real intrinsic dislocation properties: they do not depend on the presence and position of other defects. This is illustrated by calculating core energies of edge dislocation in bcc iron, where we show that dislocations gliding in {110} planes are more stable than those gliding in {112} planes.
0906.5332v1
2009-07-15
Perfect and partial hedging for swing game options in discrete time
The paper introduces and studies hedging for game (Israeli) style extension of swing options considered as multiple exercise derivatives. Assuming that the underlying security can be traded without restrictions we derive a formula for valuation of multiple exercise options via classical hedging arguments. Introducing the notion of the shortfall risk for such options we study also partial hedging which leads to minimization of this risk.
0907.2541v1