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47
2003-11-06
Perturbation-induced radiation by the Ablowitz-Ladik soliton
An efficient formalism is elaborated to analytically describe dynamics of the Ablowitz-Ladik soliton in the presence of perturbations. This formalism is based on using the Riemann-Hilbert problem and provides the means of calculating evolution of the discrete soliton parameters, as well as shape distortion and perturba...
0311010v1
2004-04-26
Nonlinear stability of oscillatory wave fronts in chains of coupled oscillators
We present a stability theory for kink propagation in chains of coupled oscillators and a new algorithm for the numerical study of kink dynamics. The numerical solutions are computed using an equivalent integral equation instead of a system of differential equations. This avoids uncertainty about the impact of artifici...
0404044v1
2004-10-15
Comment on "Soliton ratchets induced by excitation of internal modes"
Very recently Willis et al. [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 69}, 056612 (2004)] have used a collective variable theory to explain the appearance of a nonzero energy current in an ac driven, damped sine-Gordon equation. In this comment, we prove rigorously that the time-averaged energy current in an ac driven nonlinear Klein-Gordon ...
0410021v1
2005-02-25
A kinetic approach to Bose-Einstein condensates: self-phase modulation and Bogoliubov oscillations
A kinetic approach to the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is proposed, based on the Wigner-Moyal equation (WME). In the quasi-classical limit, the WME reduces to the particle number conservation equation. Two examples of application are: i) a self-phase modulation of a BE condensate beam where we show that part of the...
0502059v1
2006-01-14
Chaotic Vibration of a Quarter-Car Model Excited by the Road Surface Profile
The Melnikov criterion is used to examine a global homoclinic bifurcation and transition to chaos in the case of a quarter car model excited kinematically by the road surface profile. By analyzing the potential an analytic expression is found for the homoclinic orbit. By introducing an harmonic excitation term and damp...
0601030v1
2006-01-14
Transition to Chaos in the Self-Excited System with a Cubic Double Well Potential and Parametric Forcing
We examine the Melnikov criterion for a global homoclinic bifurcation and a possible transition to chaos in case of a single degree of freedom nonlinear oscillator with a symmetric double well nonlinear potential. The system was subjected simultaneously to parametric periodic forcing and self excitation via negative da...
0601032v1
2006-07-19
Energy flux fluctuations in a finite volume of turbulent flow
The flux of turbulent kinetic energy from large to small spatial scales is measured in a small domain B of varying size R. The probability distribution function of the flux is obtained using a time-local version of Kolmogorov's four-fifths law. The measurements, made at a moderate Reynolds number, show frequent events ...
0607044v1
2006-08-09
Statistical properties of the continuum Salerno model
The statistical properties of the Salerno model is investigated. In particular, a comparison between the coherent and partially coherent wave modes is made for the case of a random phased wave packet. It is found that the random phased induced spectral broadening gives rise to damping of instabilities, but also a bro...
0608016v1
2006-10-18
Whitham method for Benjamin-Ono-Burgers equation and dispersive shocks in internal waves in deep fluid
The Whitham modulation equations for the parameters of a periodic solution are derived using the generalized Lagrangian approach for the case of damped Benjamin-Ono equation. The structure of the dispersive shock in internal wave in deep water is considered by this method.
0610039v1
2007-03-28
Quasi-Patterns in a Model of Multi-Resonantly Forced Chemical Oscillations
Multi-frequency forcing of systems undergoing a Hopf bifurcation to spatially homogeneous oscillations is investigated using a complex Ginzburg-Landau equation that systematically captures weak forcing functions that simultaneously hit the 1:1-, the 1:2-, and the 1:3-resonance. Weakly nonlinear analysis shows that gene...
0703059v1
2001-06-09
Conditions for Isoscaling in Nuclear Reactions
Isoscaling, where ratios of isotopes emitted from two reactions exhibit an exponential dependence on the neutron and proton number of the isotope, has been observed over a variety of reactions including evaporation, strongly damped binary collision, and multifragmentation. The conditions for isoscaling to occur as well...
0106009v1
1992-12-25
Chaotic Behavior in Warm Deformed Nuclei Induced by Residual Two-Body Interactions
Band mixing calculations in rapidly rotating well-deformed nuclei are presented, investigating the properties of energy levels and rotational transitions as a function of excitation energy. Substantial fragmentation of E2 transitions is found for $E_x \gsim$ 800 keV above yrast, which represents the onset of rotational...
9212015v1
1993-07-07
Color Diffusion and Conductivity in a Quark-Gluon Plasma
Color diffusion is shown to be an important dissipative property of quark-gluon plasmas that rapidly damps collective color modes. We derive the characteristic color relaxation time scale, $t_c\approx (3\alpha_s T \log(m_E/m_M ))^{-1}$, showing its sensitivity to the ratio of the static color electric and magnetic scre...
9307007v1
1994-04-18
Vibrations versus collisions and the iterative structure of two-body dynamics
We adopt a truncated version of two-body dynamics by neglecting three-body correlations, as is supported by microscopic numerical calculations. Introducing orthogonal channel correlations for the pp- and the ph-channel and integrating the latter in terms of vibrational RPA-states we derive a retarded two-body equation....
9404020v1
1994-07-01
Friedel Oscillations in Relativistic Nuclear Matter
We calculate the low-momentum N-N effective potential obtained in the OBE approximation, inside a nuclear plasma at finite temperature, as described by the relativistic $ \sigma $-$ \omega $ model. We analyze the screening effects on the attractive part of the potential in the intermediate range as density or temperatu...
9407002v1
1995-12-19
Macroscopic Features of Light Heavy-Ion Fission Reactions
Global macroscopic features observed in the fully-damped binary processes in light di-nuclear systems, such as limiting angular momenta, mean total kinetic energies and energy thresholds for fusion-fission processes (''fission thresholds") are presented. Their deduced systematics are consistent with that obtained for h...
9512025v1
1995-12-28
Classical and Quantal Irregular Scatterings with Complex Target
One-dimensional scattering by a target with two internal degrees of freedom is investigated. The damping of resonance peaks and the associated appearance of the fluctuating background in the quantum inelastic scattering amplitudes are found. Examination of the analog classical system reveals a disorderly reaction funct...
9512038v1
1996-03-21
Time development of a density perturbation in the unstable nuclear matter
We present the solution of the time development of an unstable initial density perturbation in the linearized Vlasov equation, completing the previous analysis in the literature. The additional contributions found are usually damped and can be neglected at large times in the unstable region. The work clarifies also the...
9603029v2
1997-02-12
A self-consistent treatment of the dynamics of stable and unstable collective modes
We address the dynamics of damped collective modes in terms of first and second moments. The modes are introduced in a self-consistent fashion with the help of a suitable application of linear response theory. Quantum effects in the fluctuations are governed by diffusion coefficients D_{\mu\nu}. The latter are obtained...
9702029v1
1998-07-27
Isovector Vibrations in Nuclear Matter at Finite Temperature
We consider the propagation and damping of isovector excitations in heated nuclear matter within the Landau Fermi-liquid theory. Results obtained for nuclear matter are applied to calculate the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) at finite temperature in heavy spherical nuclei within Steinwedel and Jensen model. The centroi...
9807070v1
1998-09-03
Relaxation of fast collective motion in heated nuclei
The damping of the collective vibrations in hot nuclei is studied within the semiclassical Vlasov-Landau kinetic theory. The extention of the method of independent sources of dissipation is used to allow for irreversible energy transfer by chaos weighted wall formula. The expressions for the intrinsic width of the gian...
9809010v1
1998-09-04
An investigation of interplay between dissipation mechanisms in heated Fermi systems by means of radiative strength functions
A simple analytical expression for the gamma-decay strength function is derived with microcanonical ensemble for initial excited states. The approach leads to both a non-zero limit of the strength function for vanishing gamma-ray energy and a partial breakdown of Brink hypothesis. It is shown that the low energy behavi...
9809012v1
1998-09-11
Damping of giant resonances in asymmetric nuclear matter
The giant collective modes in asymmetric nuclear matter are investigated within a dynamic relaxation time approximation. We derive a coupled dispersion relation and show that two sources of coupling appear: (i) a coupling of isoscalar and isovector modes due to different mean-fields acting and (ii) an explicit new coup...
9809035v1
1998-10-01
Giant Octupole Resonance Simulation
Using a pseudo-particle technique we simulate large-amplitude isoscalar giant octupole excitations in a finite nuclear system. Dependent on the initial conditions we observe either clear octupole modes or over-damped octupole modes which decay immediately into quadrupole ones. This shows clearly a behavior beyond linea...
9810005v3
1998-10-14
Finite Temperature Nuclear Response in Extended Random-Phase Approximation
The nuclear collective response at finite temperature is investigated for the first time in the quantum framework of the small amplitude limit of the extended TDHF approach, including a non-Markovian collision term. It is shown that the collision width satisfies a secular equation. By employing a Skyrme force, the isos...
9810042v1
1999-05-07
Influence of damping on the excitation of the double giant resonance
We study the effect of the spreading widths on the excitation probabilities of the double giant dipole resonance. We solve the coupled-channels equations for the excitation of the giant dipole resonance and the double giant dipole resonance. Taking Pb+Pb collisions as example, we study the resulting effect on the excit...
9905018v2
2000-03-15
Double giant dipole resonances in time-dependent density-matrix theory
The strength functions of the DGDRs in 16O and 40Ca are calculated using an extended version of TDHF known as the time-dependent density-matrix theory (TDDM). The calculations are done in a self-consistent manner, in which the same Skyrme force as that used for the mean-field potential is used as the residual interacti...
0003034v2
2001-06-28
Description of Double Giant Dipole Resonance within the Phonon Damping Model
In a recent Letter [1] an overall agreement with the experimental data for the excitation of the single and double giant dipole resonances in relativistic heavy ion collision in 136Xe and 208Pb nuclei has been reported. We point out that this agreement is achieved by a wrong calculation of the DGDR excitation mechanism...
0106065v1
2001-11-08
Note on the Deformed Boson Scheme in Time-Dependent Variational Method
The Holstein-Primakoff representation for the su(2)-algebra is derived in the deformed boson scheme. The following two points are discussed : (i) connection between a simple Hamiltonian and the Hamiltonian obeying the su(2)-algebra such as Lipkin model and (ii) derivation of the Hamiltonian for describing the damped an...
0111029v1
2002-10-15
Non-Markovian Collision Integral in Fermi-systems
The non-Markovian collision integral is obtained on the base of the Kadanoff-Baym equations for Green functions in a form with allowance for small retardation effects. The collisional relaxation times and damping width of the giant isovector dipole resonances in nuclear matter are calculated. For an infinite Fermi liqu...
0210046v1
2003-04-07
Mean first passage time for fission potentials having structure
A schematic model of over-damped motion is presented which permits one to calculate the mean first passage time for nuclear fission. Its asymptotic value may exceed considerably the lifetime suggested by Kramers rate formula, which applies only to very special, favorable potentials and temperatures. The additional time...
0304022v1
2003-09-05
Pairing effect on the giant dipole resonance width at low temperature
The width of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) at finite temperature T in Sn-120 is calculated within the Phonon Damping Model including the neutron thermal pairing gap determined from the modified BCS theory. It is shown that the effect of thermal pairing causes a smaller GDR width at T below 2 MeV as compared to the o...
0309010v1
2003-12-19
Response in the continuum for light deformed neutron-rich nuclei
The time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculation with a full Skyrme energy functional has been carried out on the three-dimensional Cartesian lattice space to study E1 giant dipole resonances (GDR) in light nuclei. The outgoing boundary condition for the continuum states is treated by the absorbing complex potential. The ca...
0312089v1
2004-11-18
Nuclear giant resonances
This talk presents the recent status of theoretical and experimental studies of giant resonances in nuclei with the emphasis on: (1) charge-exchange Gamow-Teller resonance, (2) multiple-phonon resoanances, (3) giant dipole resonances in highly excited nuclei, and (4) pygmy dipole resonances in neutron rich nuclei. In p...
0411073v1
1996-06-04
Direct Hopf Bifurcation in Parametric Resonance of Hybridized Waves
We study parametric resonance of interacting waves having the same wave vector and frequency. In addition to the well-known period-doubling instability we show that under certain conditions the instability is caused by a Hopf bifurcation leading to quasiperiodic traveling waves. It occurs, for example, if the group vel...
9605006v1
1999-05-27
Impurity-induced stabilization of solitons in arrays of parametrically driven nonlinear oscillators
Chains of parametrically driven, damped pendula are known to support soliton-like clusters of in-phase motion which become unstable and seed spatiotemporal chaos for sufficiently large driving amplitudes. We show that the pinning of the soliton on a "long" impurity (a longer pendulum) expands dramatically its stability...
9905009v1
1999-11-19
Origin of Multikinks in Dispersive Nonlinear Systems
We develop {\em the first analytical theory of multikinks} for strongly {\em dispersive nonlinear systems}, considering the examples of the weakly discrete sine-Gordon model and the generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model with a piecewise parabolic potential. We reveal that there are no $2\pi$-kinks for this model, but the...
9911006v1
1998-02-04
The steady state of a pumped and damped atom laser
This paper has been withdrawn, as further work has shown that an atom laser as described by the model herein does not have a steady state, so it doesn't matter much what it would look like.
9802008v2
1998-02-20
Phase Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensates: Losses versus Revivals
In the absence of losses the phase of a Bose-Einstein condensate undergoes collapses and revivals in time due to elastic atomic interactions. As experiments necessarily involve inelastic collisions, we develop a model to describe the phase dynamics of the condensates in presence of collisional losses. We find that a fe...
9802040v1
1998-02-25
Radiation Reaction fields for an accelerated dipole for scalar and electromagnetic radiation
The radiation reaction fields are calculated for an accelerated changing dipole in scalar and electromagnetic radiation fields. The acceleration reaction is shown to alter the damping of a time varying dipole in the EM case, but not the scalar case. In the EM case, the dipole radiation reaction field can exert a force ...
9802047v1
1998-03-27
Semiclassical spin damping: Superradiance revisited
A well known description of superradiance from pointlike collections of many atoms involves the dissipative motion of a large spin. The pertinent ``superradiance master equation'' allows for a formally exact solution which we subject to a semiclassical evaluation. The clue is a saddle-point approximation for an inverse...
9803041v1
1999-12-24
Differential criterion of a bubble collapse in viscous liquids
The present work is devoted to a model of bubble collapse in a Newtonian viscous liquid caused by an initial bubble wall motion. The obtained bubble dynamics described by an analytic solution significantly depends on the liquid and bubble parameters. The theory gives two types of bubble behavior: collapse and viscous d...
9912050v1
1999-12-27
Rutherford Scattering with Retardation
Numerical solutions for Sommerfeld model in nonrelativistic case are presented for the scattering of a spinless extended charged body in a static Coulomb field of a fixed point charge. It is shown that differential cross section for extended body preserves the form of the Rutherford result with multiplier, not equal to...
9912051v2
2000-08-04
A Variational Approach in the Dissipative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
The properties of pulse propagation in a nonlinear fiber including linear damped term added in the usual nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is analyzed analytically. We apply variational modified approach based on the lagrangian that describe the dynamic of system and with a trial function we obtain a solution which is m...
0008011v1
2000-12-21
Intrabeam Scattering Analysis of ATF Beam Data Taken in April 2000
In April 2000 the single bunch energy spread, bunch length, horizontal emittance, and vertical emittance were measured as functions of current in KEK's ATF damping ring. In this report the measurement results are analyzed in light of intrabeam scattering theory. The measurements are found to be relatively consistent wi...
0012055v1
2001-03-09
Trapping oscillations, discrete particle effects and kinetic theory of collisionless plasma
Effects induced by the finite number $N$ of particles on the evolution of a monochromatic electrostatic perturbation in a collisionless plasma are investigated. For growth as well as damping of a single wave, discrete particle numerical simulations show a $N$-dependent long time behavior which differs from the numerica...
0103025v1
2001-05-30
Impedance Analysis of Bunch Length Measurements at the ATF Damping Ring
We present energy spread and bunch length measurements at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK, as functions of current, for different ring rf voltages, and with the beam both on and off the coupling resonance. We fit the on-coupling bunch shapes to those of an impedance model consisting of a resistor and an indu...
0105102v1
2001-12-14
Active Vibration Suppression R&D for the NLC
The nanometer scale beam sizes at the interaction point in linear colliders limit the allowable motion of the final focus magnets. We have constructed a prototype system to investigate the use of active vibration damping to control magnet motion. Inertial sensors are used to measure the position of a test mass, and a D...
0112042v1
2002-04-15
Laser-Generated Ultrashort Multi-Megagauss Magnetic Pulses in Plasmas
We demonstrate ultrashort (6 ps), multi-Megagauss (27 MG) magnetic pulses generated upon interaction of an intense laser pulse (10^{16} Wcm^-2, 100 fs) with a solid target. The temporal evolution of these giant fields generated near the high density critical layer is obtained with the highest resolution reported so far...
0204039v1
2002-04-29
Neutral Plasma Oscillations at Zero Temperature
We use cold plasma theory to calculate the response of an ultracold neutral plasma to an applied rf field. The free oscillation of the system has a continuous spectrum and an associated damped quasimode. We show that this quasimode dominates the driven response. We use this model to simulate plasma oscillations in an e...
0204084v1
2002-09-04
Vortex Ring Reconnections
We investigate numerically the Navier-Stokes dynamics of reconnecting vortex rings at small $Re$ number. We find that reconnections are dissipative due to the smoothing of vorticity gradients at reconnection kinks and to the formation of secondary structures of stretched anti-parallel vorticity which transfer kinetic e...
0209014v1
2002-11-05
Analise Termodinamica da aceleracao de uma massa
We analyse the acceleration of a mass with a simple structure taking into account Thermodynamics. Two situations are analysed. The first one for the application of a localized force to a point of the mass. The second one for the application of a force to the entire mass. The two situations are not equivalent. For the f...
0211021v1
2003-05-30
A Sum Rule for Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities
It is explicitly shown, for optical processes arbitrarily comprising two-, three- or four-photon interactions, that the sum over all matter states of any optical susceptibility is exactly zero. The result remains true even in frequency regions where damping is prominent. Using a quantum electrodynamical framework to re...
0305131v1
2003-10-16
Ionization of clusters in intense laser pulses through collective electron dynamics
The motion of electrons and ions in medium-sized rare gas clusters (1000 atoms) exposed to intense laser pulses is studied microscopically by means of classical molecular dynamics using a hierarchical tree code. Pulse parameters for optimum ionization are found to be wavelength dependent. This resonant behavior is trac...
0310073v1
2003-11-14
Transverse modulational instability of partially incoherent soliton stripes
Based on the Wigner distribution approach, an analysis of the effect of partial incoherence on the transverse instability of soliton structures in nonlinear Kerr media is presented. It is explicitly shown, that for a Lorentzian incoherence spectrum the partial incoherence gives rise to a damping which counteracts, and ...
0311068v1
2004-02-13
Ion energy balance during fast wave heating in TORE SUPRA
Direct coupling of the fast magnetosonic wave to the electrons has been studied on the tokamak TORE SUPRA. Preliminary experiments were dedicated to optimise the scenario for Fast Wave Electron Heating (FWEH) and Current Drive (FWCD). In a first part, thermal kinetic and diamagnetic energy are compared when fast wave i...
0402067v1
2004-04-14
Earthquakes temporal occurrence: a statistical study
The distribution of inter-occurrence time between seismic events is a quantity of great interest in seismic risk assessment. We evaluate this distribution for different models of earthquakes occurrence and follow two distinct approaches: The non homogeneous Poissonian and the non Poissonian one. In all cases we obtain ...
0404068v1
2004-07-14
Exponential versus linear amplitude decay in damped oscillators
We comment of the widespread belief among some undergraduate students that the amplitude of any harmonic oscillator in the presence of any type of friction, decays exponentially in time. To dispel that notion, we compare the amplitude decay for a harmonic oscillator in the presence of (i) viscous friction and (ii) dry ...
0407080v1
2004-10-21
Kinetic effects in strong Langmuir turbulence
Kinetic effects with regard to a one dimensional Langmuir soliton-like pulse are investigated. Though thus far mainly transit-time accelerations have been investigated regarding strong Langmuir turbulence, it is found that ponderomotive reflections (generalized nonlinear Landau damping) may play important roles also. T...
0410179v2
2005-01-07
Velocity-Space Diffusion in a Perpendicularly Propagating Electrostatic Wave
The motion of ions in the fields B = B_0 zhat and E = E_0 yhat cos(k_perp y - omega t) is considered. When omega >> Omega_i and v_perp > omega/k_perp, the equations of motion may be reduced to a set of difference equations. These equations exhibit stochastic behavior when E_0 exceeds a threshold. The diffusion coeffici...
0501035v1
2005-02-02
Swinging of two-dimensional solitons in harmonic and Bessel optical lattices
We consider parametric amplification of two-dimensional spatial soliton swinging in longitudinally modulated harmonic and Bessel lattices in Kerr-type saturable medium. We show that soliton center oscillations along different axes in two-dimensional lattices are coupled, which give rise to a number of interesting propa...
0502009v1
2005-09-13
A Landau fluid model for warm collisionless plasmas
A Landau fluid model for a collisionless electron-proton magnetized plasma, that accurately reproduces the dispersion relation and the Landau damping rate of all the magnetohydrodynamic waves, is presented. It is obtained by an accurate closure of the hydrodynamic hierarchy at the level of the fourth order moments, bas...
0509091v1
2005-10-13
An illustrative experiment on electromagnetic oscillations
It is the purpose of this manuscript to place an illustrative demonstration on the measurement of damped electromagnetic oscillations for a RLC circuit that it is easy to set in any physics laboratory equipped with PASCO technologies and USB Electrical PASPort sensors together with standard electrical components. The r...
0510122v1
2005-12-20
Coupled atomic-molecular condensates in a double-well potential: decaying molecular oscillations
We present a four-mode model that describes coherent photo-association (PA) in a double-well Bose-Einstein condensate, focusing on the $average$ molecular populations in certain parameters. Our numerical results predict an interesting strong-damping effect of molecular oscillations by controlling the particle tunnellin...
0512184v2
2007-02-21
Liquid-infiltrated photonic crystals: Ohmic dissipation and broadening of modes
The pronounced light-matter interactions in photonic crystals make them interesting as opto-fludic "building blocks" for lab-on-a-chip applications. We show how conducting electrolytes cause dissipation and smearing of the density-of-states, thus altering decay dynamics of excited bio-molecules dissolved in the electro...
0702176v1
2004-04-08
Mathematical Analysis and Simulations of the Neural Circuit for Locomotion in Lamprey
We analyze the dynamics of the neural circuit of the lamprey central pattern generator (CPG). This analysis provides insights into how neural interactions form oscillators and enable spontaneous oscillations in a network of damped oscillators, which were not apparent in previous simulations or abstract phase oscillator...
0404012v1
2005-08-11
Time Reversal of the Increasing Geometrical Progression of the Population of a Simple Biological Specie
In this work we consider time reversal of the increasing geometrical progression of the population of a simple biological species without any enemies (predators) in the appropriate environment with unlimited resources (food, territory, etc.). It is shown that such time reversal corresponds to appearance of the cannibal...
0508011v1
1996-06-11
Condensate fluctuations of a trapped, ideal Bose gas
For a non-self-interacting Bose gas with a fixed, large number of particles confined to a trap, as the ground state occupation becomes macroscopic, the condensate number fluctuations remain micrscopic. However, this is the only significant aspect in which the grand canonical description differs from canonical or microc...
9606009v2
1996-11-27
A precision test of decoherence
The motion of a charged particle over a conducting plate is damped by Ohmic resistance to image currents. This interaction between the particle and the plate must also produce decoherence, which can be detected by examining interference patterns made by diffracted particle beams which have passed over the plate. Becaus...
9611049v2
1997-03-16
Least-squares inversion for density-matrix reconstruction
We propose a method for reconstruction of the density matrix from measurable time-dependent (probability) distributions of physical quantities. The applicability of the method based on least-squares inversion is - compared with other methods - very universal. It can be used to reconstruct quantum states of various syst...
9703026v1
1997-04-02
Approximate quantum error correction can lead to better codes
We present relaxed criteria for quantum error correction which are useful when the specific dominant noise process is known. These criteria have no classical analogue. As an example, we provide a four-bit code which corrects for a single amplitude damping error. This code violates the usual Hamming bound calculated for...
9704002v1
1997-04-08
Measured Quantum Dynamics of a Trapped Ion
The measurement process is taken into account in the dynamics of trapped ions prepared in nonclassical motional states. The induced decoherence is shown to manifest itself both in the inhibition of the internal population dynamics and in a damping of the vibrational motion without classical counterpart. Quantitative co...
9704016v1
1997-09-09
Quantum gravity and the problem of measurement
We discuss some arguments in favour of the proposal that the quantum correlations contained in the pure state-vector evolving according to Schoedinger equation can be eliminated by the action of multiply connected wormholes during measurement. We devise a procedure to obtain a proper master equation which governes the ...
9709018v1
1998-04-06
Field Oscillations in a Micromaser with Injected Atomic Coherence
The electric field in a lossless, regularly-pumped micromaser with injected atomic coherence can undergo a period 2 oscillations in the steady state. The field changes its value after a single atom passes through the micromaser cavity, but returns to its original value after a second atom travels through. We give a sim...
9804017v1
1998-09-14
Macroscopically distinct quantum superposition states as a bosonic code for amplitude damping
We show how macroscopically distinct quantum superposition states (Schroedinger cat states) may be used as logical qubit encodings for the correction of spontaneous emission errors. Spontaneous emission causes a bit flip error which is easily corrected by a standard error correction circuit. The method works arbitraril...
9809037v2
1998-09-27
Quantum Dynamics of Topological Singularities: Feynman's Influence Functional Approach
Starting from the microscopic theory of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) for the fermionic superfluids, we show that the vortex dynamics can be followed naturally by extending Feynman's influence functional approach to incorporate the transverse force. There is a striking mutual independence of the transverse and long...
9809080v1
1998-11-14
Two-atom dark states in electromagnetic cavities
The center-of-mass motion of two two-level atoms coupled to a single damped mode of an electromagnetic resonator is investigated. For the case of one atom being initially excited and the cavity mode in the vacuum state it is shown that the atomic time evolution is dominated by the appearance of dark states. These state...
9811035v1
1998-12-17
Coherence properties of the stochastic oscillator
An oscillator with stochastic frequency is discussed as a model for evaluating the quantum coherence properties of a physical system. It is found that the choice of jump statistics has to be considered with care if unphysical consequences are to be avoided. We investigate one such model, evaluate the damping it causes,...
9812045v1
1999-04-14
Quantum Langevin theory of excess noise
In an earlier work [P. J. Bardroff and S. Stenholm], we have derived a fully quantum mechanical description of excess noise in strongly damped lasers. This theory is used here to derive the corresponding quantum Langevin equations. Taking the semi-classical limit of these we are able to regain the starting point of Sie...
9904060v1
1999-05-04
Post-Markov master equation for the dynamics of open quantum systems
A systematic first-order correction to the standard Markov master equation for open quantum systems interacting with a bosonic bath is presented. It extends the Markov Lindblad master equation to the more general case of non-Markovian evolution. The meaning and applications of our `post'-Markov master equation are illu...
9905006v1
1999-06-18
Zeno effect preventing Rabi transitions onto an unstable energy level
We consider a driven 2-level system with one level showing spontaneous decay to an otherwise uncoupled third level. Rabi transitions to the unstable level are strongly damped. This simple configuration can be used to demonstrate and to explore the quantum Zeno effect leading to a freezing of the system to the initial l...
9906068v1
1999-06-29
Non dissipative decoherence of Rabi oscillations
We present a simple theoretical description of two recent experiments where damping of Rabi oscillations, which cannot be attributed to dissipative decoherence, has been observed. This is obtained considering the evolution time or the Hamiltonian as random variables and then averaging the usual unitary evolution on a p...
9906115v3
1999-07-30
Quantum trajectories for Brownian motion
We present the stochastic Schroedinger equation for the dynamics of a quantum particle coupled to a high temperature environment and apply it the dynamics of a driven, damped, nonlinear quantum oscillator. Apart from an initial slip on the environmental memory time scale, in the mean, our result recovers the solution o...
9907100v1
2000-03-30
Stochastic dynamics of electronic wave packets in fluctuating laser fields
The dynamics of a laser-excited Rydberg electron under the influence of a fluctuating laser field are investigated. Rate equations are developed which describe these dynamics in the limit of large laser bandwidths for arbitrary types of laser fluctuations. These equations apply whenever all coherent effects have alread...
0003139v1
2000-07-12
Single photon generation by pulsed excitation of a single dipole
The fluorescence of a single dipole excited by an intense light pulse can lead to the generation of another light pulse containing a single photon. The influence of the duration and energy of the excitation pulse on the number of photons in the fluorescence pulse is studied. The case of a two-level dipole with strongly...
0007037v1
2000-08-22
Effective Hamiltonian Approach to the Master Equation
A method of exactly solving the master equation is presented in this letter. The explicit form of the solution is determined by the time evolution of a composite system including an auxiliary system and the open system in question. The effective Hamiltonian governing the time evolution of the composed system are derive...
0008090v1
2001-01-01
Quantum-Liouville and Langevin Equations for Gravitational Radiation Damping
From a forward--backward path integral, we derive a master equation for the emission and absorption of gravitons by a massive quantum object in a heat bath of gravitons. Such an equation could describe collapse phenomena of dense stars. We also present a useful approximate Langevin equation for such a system.
0101006v1
2001-02-26
Bateman's dual system revisited: I. Quantization, geometric phase and relation with the ground-state energy of the linear harmonic oscillator
By using the Feynman-Hibbs prescription for the evolution amplitude, we quantize the system of a damped harmonic oscillator coupled to its time-reversed image, known as Bateman's dual system. The time-dependent quantum states of such a system are constructed and discussed entirely in the framework of the classical th...
0102128v2
2001-03-14
Decoherence effects of motion-induced radiation
The radiation pressure coupling with vacuum fluctuations gives rise to energy damping and decoherence of an oscillating particle. Both effects result from the emission of pairs of photons, a quantum effect related to the fluctuations of the Casimir force. We discuss different alternative methods for the computation of ...
0103083v1
2001-04-27
Time Evolution of tunneling and decoherence: soluble model
Decoherence effects associated to the damping of a tunneling two-level system are shown to dominate the tunneling probability at short times in strong coupling regimes in the context of a soluble model. A general decomposition of tunneling rates in dissipative and unitary parts is implemented. Master equation treatment...
0104132v1
2001-08-01
Heating and decoherence suppression using decoupling techniques
We study the application of decoupling techniques to the case of a damped vibrational mode of a chain of trapped ions, which can be used as a quantum bus in linear ion trap quantum computers. We show that vibrational heating could be efficiently suppressed using appropriate ``parity kicks''. We also show that vibration...
0108007v3
2001-11-29
Field quantization for chaotic resonators with overlapping modes
Feshbach's projector technique is employed to quantize the electromagnetic field in optical resonators with an arbitray number of escape channels. We find spectrally overlapping resonator modes coupled due to the damping and noise inflicted by the external radiation field. For wave chaotic resonators the mode dynamics ...
0111156v2
2001-12-08
Quantum oscillations without quantum coherence
We study numerically the damping of quantum oscillations and the increase of entropy with time in model spin systems decohered by a spin bath. In some experimentally relevant cases, the oscillations of considerable amplitude can persist long after the entropy has saturated near its maximum, i.e. when the system has bee...
0112053v1
2001-12-10
Temporal Oscillations of Nonlinear Faraday Rotation in Coherently Driven Media
New phenomenon of temporal oscillations of nonlinear Faraday rotation in a driven four-level system is predicted. We show that in this system with one upper level, under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency created by a strong coupling field, the polarization rotation of weak probe light exhibits ...
0112058v1
2001-12-31
Resonances and spectral properties of detuned OPO pumped by fluctuating sources
Twin beam fluctuations are analyzed for detuned and mismatched OPO configurations. Resonances and frequency responses to the quantum noise sources (quantum and pump amplitude/phase fluctuations) are examined as functions of cavity decay rates, excitation parameter and detuning. The dependence of self- and mutual correl...
0112180v2
2002-03-04
Stationary cantilever vibrations in the oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals -- magnetic resonance force microscopy technique
We consider theoretically the novel technique in magnetic resonance force microscopy which is called ``oscillating cantilever-driven adiabatic reversals''. We present analytical and numerical analysis for the stationary cantilever vibrations in this technique. For reasonable values of parameters we estimate the resonan...
0203013v1
2002-05-17
Embedding dissipation and decoherence in unitary evolution schemes
Dissipation and decoherence, and the evolution from pure to mixed states in quantum physics are handled through master equations for the density matrix. By embedding elements of this matrix in a higher-dimensional Liouville-Bloch equation, the methods of unitary integration are adapted to solve for the density matrix a...
0205113v3
2002-05-31
Invitation to quantum dynamical semigroups
The theory of quantum dynamical semigroups within the mathematically rigorous framework of completely positive dynamical maps is reviewed. First, the axiomatic approach which deals with phenomenological constructions and general mathematical structures is discussed. Then basic derivation schemes of the constructive app...
0205188v1
2002-06-14
An Inverse-Problem Approach to Designing Photonic Crystals for Cavity QED Experiments
Photonic band gap (PBG) materials are attractive for cavity QED experiments because they provide extremely small mode volumes and are monolithic, integratable structures. As such, PBG cavities are a promising alternative to Fabry-Perot resonators. However, the cavity requirements imposed by QED experiments, such as the...
0206094v1
2002-06-17
Damped Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in optical lattices
The paper studies Bloch oscillations of cold neutral atoms in the optical lattice. The effect of spontaneous emission on the dynamics of the system is analyzed both analytically and numerically. The spontaneous emission is shown to cause (i) the decay of Bloch oscillations with the decrement given by the rate of sponta...
0206108v1