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47
2003-07-10
Continuous Measurement of Atom-Number Moments of a Bose-Einstein Condensate by Photodetection
We propose a measurement scheme that allows determination of even-moments of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) atom number, in a ring cavity, by continuous photodetection of an off-resonant quantized optical field. A fast cavity photocounting process limits the heating of atomic samples with a relatively small number of...
0307221v3
2003-07-18
Dynamics of a nanoparticle as a one-spin system and beyond
We review some recent results beyond the now established theory of magnetization switching of a nanoparticle within the single-spin approximation. The first extension is that of the Stoner-Wohlfarth model for magnetization static switching under applied magnetic field including the effect of temperature at long-time sc...
0307457v1
2003-07-21
Rate description of Fokker-Planck processes with time dependent parameters
The reduction of a continuous Markov process with multiple metastable states to a discrete rate process is investigated in the presence of slow time dependent parameters such as periodic external forces or slowly fluctuating barrier heights. A quantitative criterion is provided under which condition a kinetic descripti...
0307498v1
2003-09-12
Intersubband plasmons in quasi-one-dimensional electron systems on a liquid helium surface
The collective excitation spectra are studied for a multisubband quasi-one-dimensional electron gas on the surface of liquid helium. Different intersubband plasmon modes are identified by calculating the spectral weight function of the electron gas within a 12 subband model. Strong intersubband coupling and depolarizat...
0309323v1
2003-10-06
Phonons in an Inhomogeneous Continuum: Vibrations of an Embedded Nanoparticle
The spectrum of acoustic vibrational modes of an inhomogeneous elastic continuum are analyzed with application to a spherical nanoparticle embedded in an infinite glass block. The relationship of these modes to the discrete vibrational spectrum of a free sphere is studied. The vibrational modes of a sphere with a fixed...
0310099v5
2003-10-16
Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation
Viscously damped objects driven through a periodically modulated potential energy landscape can become kinetically locked in to commensurate directions through the landscape, and thus can be deflected away from the driving direction. We demonstrate that the threshold for an object to become kinetically locked in to an ...
0310396v1
2003-11-18
Quantum-critical behavior of itinerant ferromagnets
We study the stability of the Quantum Critical Point (QCP) for itinerant ferromagnets commonly described by the Hertz-Millis-Moriya (HMM) theory. We argue that in $D \leq 3$, long-range spatial correlations associated with the Landau damping of the order parameter field generate a universal {\it negative}, non-analytic...
0311420v1
2003-11-24
Simulating spin-boson dynamics with stochastic Liouville-von Neumann equations
Based on recently derived exact stochastic Liouville-von Neumann equations, several strategies for the efficient simulation of open quantum systems are developed and tested on the spin-boson model. The accuracy and efficiency of these simulations is verified for several test cases including both coherent and incoherent...
0311544v1
2003-12-12
Interaction-induced dephasing of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations
We study the effect of the electron-electron interaction on the amplitude of mesoscopic Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) diffusive rings. We show that the dephasing length L_phi^AB governing the damping factor exp(-2piR / L_phi^AB) of the oscillations is parametrically different from the common...
0312325v2
2004-01-21
Non-fermi liquid behavior in itinerant antiferromagnets
We consider a two dimensional itinerant antiferromagnet near a quantum critical point. We show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, fermionic excitations in the ordered state are not the usual Fermi liquid quasiparticles. Instead, down to very low frequencies, the fermionic self energy varies as $\omega^{2/3}$. This ...
0401375v1
2004-02-05
Oscillations of atomic fermions in a one dimensional optical lattice
A semiclassical model is used to investigate oscillations of atomic fermions in a combined magnetic trap and one dimensional optical lattice potential following axial displacement of the trap. The oscillations are shown to have a characteristic small amplitude, damped behavior in the collisionless regime. The presence ...
0402166v1
2004-02-20
Low-frequency incommensurate magnetic response in strongly correlated systems
It is shown that in the t-J model of Cu-O planes at low frequencies the dynamic spin structure factor is peaked at incommensurate wave vectors (1/2+-delta,1/2)$, (1/2,1/2+-delta). The incommensurability is connected with the momentum dependencies of the magnon frequency and damping near the antiferromagnetic wave vecto...
0402512v1
2004-02-20
Umklapp collisions and center of mass oscillation of a trapped Fermi gas
Starting from the the Boltzmann equation, we study the center of mass oscillation of a harmonically trapped normal Fermi gas in the presence of a one-dimensional periodic potential. We show that for values of the the Fermi energy above the first Bloch band the center of mass motion is strongly damped in the collisional...
0402532v2
2004-03-01
Raman scattering on phonon-plasmon coupled modes in magnetic fields
Raman scattering on phonon--plasmon coupled modes in high magnetic fields is considered theoretically. The calculations of the dielectric function were performed in the long-wave approximation for the semiclassical and ultra-quantum magnetic fields taking into account the electron damping and intrinsic lifetime of opti...
0403044v1
2004-03-02
Ferromagnetic EuS films: Magnetic stability, electronic structure and magnetic surface states
We present the temperature and layer dependent electronic structure of a 20-layer EuS(100)-film using a combination of first-principles and model calculation, the latter based on the ferromagnetic Kondo-lattice. The calculated thickness-dependent Curie temperature agrees very well with experimental data. The projected ...
0403075v1
2004-03-05
BCS pairing in Fermi systems with several flavors
Motivated by the prospect of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) pairing in cold fermionic gases we analyze the superfluid phase of 3 fermionic flavors in the attractive Hubbard model. We show that there are several low--lying collective pairing modes and investigate their damping due to the partially gapless nature of the...
0403166v1
2004-03-17
Quantum transport of non-interacting Fermi gas in an optical lattice combined with harmonic trapping
We consider a non-interacting Fermi gas in a combined harmonic and periodic potential. We calculate the energy spectrum and simulate the motion of the gas after sudden replacement of the trap center. For different parameter regimes, the system presents dipole oscillations, damped oscillations around the replaced center...
0403429v2
2004-03-28
A Josephson junction as a detector of Poissonian charge injection
We propose a scheme of measuring the non-Gaussian character of noise by a hysteretic Josephson junction in the macroscopic quantum tunnelling (MQT) regime. We model the detector as an (under)damped $LC$ resonator. It transforms Poissonian charge injection into current through the detector, which samples the injection s...
0403673v1
2004-04-01
A Molecular Matter-Wave Amplifier
We describe a matter-wave amplifier for vibrational ground state molecules, which uses a Feshbach resonance to first form quasi-bound molecules starting from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The quasi-bound molecules are then driven into their stable vibrational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition inside ...
0404006v2
2004-05-28
Shot Noise of a Tunnel Junction Displacement Detector
We study quantum-mechanically the frequency-dependent current noise of a tunnel-junction coupled to a nanomechanical oscillator. The cases of both DC and AC voltage bias are considered, as are the effects of intrinsic oscillator damping. The dynamics of the oscillator can lead to large signatures in the shot noise, eve...
0405687v1
2004-06-22
Time domain analysis of dynamical switching in a Josephson junction
We have studied the switching behaviour of a small capacitance Josephson junction both in experiment, and by numerical simulation of a model circuit. The switching is a comples process involving the transition between two dynamical states of the non-linear circuit, arising from a frequency dependent damping of the Jose...
0406510v1
2004-07-28
Macroscopic quantum effects in a strongly driven nanomechanical resonator
We investigate the nonlinear response of a vibrating suspended nanomechanical beam on external periodic driving. The amplitude of the fundamental transverse mode behaves thereby like a weakly damped quantum particle in a driven anharmonic potential. Upon using a Born-Markovian master equation, we calculate the fundamen...
0407720v2
2004-09-09
Microwave photoresponse in the 2D electron system caused by intra-Landau level transitions
The influence of microwave radiation on the DC-magnetoresistance of 2D-electrons is studied in the regime beyond the recently discovered zero resistance states when the cyclotron frequency exceeds the radiation frequency. Radiation below 30 GHz causes a strong suppression of the resistance over a wide magnetic field ra...
0409228v1
2004-09-14
Thermal fluctuations and longitudinal relaxation of single-domain magnetic particles at elevated temperatures
We present numerical and analytical results for the swiching times of magnetic nanoparticles with uniaxial anisotropy at elevated temperatures, including the vicinity of T_c. The consideration is based in the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation that includes the relaxation of the magnetization magnitude M. The resulting swi...
0409344v1
2004-09-21
Quantum and Classical Dissipative Effects on Tunnelling in Quantum Hall Bilayers
We discuss the interplay between transport and dissipation in quantum Hall bilayers. We show that quantum effects are relevant in the pseudospin picture of these systems, leading either to direct tunnelling currents or to quantum dissipative processes that damp oscillations around the ground state. These quantum effect...
0409547v2
2004-09-24
Viscous relaxation and collective oscillations in a trapped Fermi gas near the unitarity limit
The viscous relaxation time of a trapped two-component gas of fermions in its normal phase is calculated as a function of temperature and scattering length, with the collision probability being determined by an energy-dependent s-wave cross section. The result is used for calculating the temperature dependence of the f...
0409660v2
2004-11-02
Spin dynamics in the stripe phase of the cuprates
Within a model that supports stripe spin and charge order coexisting with a d$_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconducting phase, we study the self-consistently obtained electronic structure and the associated transverse dynamical spin susceptibility. In the coexisting phase of superconducting and static stripe order, the resultin...
0411065v1
2004-11-05
Zero sound in a single component fermion - Bose Einstein Condensate mixture
The resonant dynamics of mediated interactions supports zero-sound in a cold atom degenerate mixture of a single component fermion gas and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We characterize the onset of instability in the phase separation of an unstable mixture and we find a rich collective mode structure for stable mix...
0411125v1
2004-11-19
Vortex motion rectification in Josephson junction arrays with a ratchet potential
By means of electrical transport measurements we have studied the rectified motion of vortices in ratchet potentials engineered on over-damped Josephson junction arrays. The rectified voltage as a function of the vortex density shows a maximum efficiency close a matching condition to the period of the ratchet potential...
0411507v1
2004-12-07
A Bose-Einstein condensate in a random potential
An optical speckle potential is used to investigate the static and dynamic properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of disorder. For strong disorder the condensate is localized in the deep wells of the potential. With smaller levels of disorder, stripes are observed in the expanded density profile and s...
0412167v1
2005-01-05
Full counting statistics of strongly non-Ohmic transport through single molecules
We study analytically the full counting statistics of charge transport through single molecules, strongly coupled to a weakly damped vibrational mode. The specifics of transport in this regime - a hierarchical sequence of avalanches of transferred charges, interrupted by "quiet" periods - make the counting statistics s...
0501065v2
2005-01-11
The kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation scheme of the homoepicaxial growth of GaAs(001) for heterostructural growth on GaAs(001) substrate
The simulation scheme for heterostructural growth of compound semiconductors is presented based on the kinetic Monte Carlo method. The sheme is designed as simple as possible in order to apply it for any heteroepitaxial growth on GaAs(001) substrate. The parameters used in the simulation are determined with the first-p...
0501233v1
2005-01-13
Magnetization noise in magnetoelectronic nanostructures
By scattering theory we show that spin current noise in normal electric conductors in contact with nanoscale ferromagnets increases the magnetization noise by means of a fluctuating spin-transfer torque. Johnson-Nyquist noise in the spin current is related to the increased Gilbert damping due to spin pumping, in accord...
0501318v1
2005-01-19
Ferromagnetic 0-pi Junctions as Classical Spins
The ground state of highly damped PdNi based 0-pi ferromagnetic Josephson junctions shows a spontaneous half quantum vortex, sustained by a supercurrent of undetermined sign. This supercurrent flows in the electrode of a Josephson junction used as a detector and produces a phi(0)/4 shift in its magnetic diffraction pat...
0501459v1
2005-02-11
Self-generated locality near a ferromagnetic quantum-critical point
We analyze the behavior of interacting fermions near a ferromagnetic Stoner instability. We show that the Landau damping of the spin susceptibility is a relevant perturbation near a ferromagnetic quantum-critical point (FQCP). We argue that, as the system approaches a FQCP, the fermionic self-energy crosses over fr...
0502302v1
2005-02-23
Microscopic analysis of the coherent optical generation and the decay of charge and spin currents in semiconductor heterostructures
The coherent optical injection and temporal decay of spin and charge currents in semiconductor heterostructures is described microscopically, including excitonic effects, carrier LO-phonon and carrier-carrier scattering, as well as nonperturbative light-field-induced intraband and interband excitations. A nonmonotonous...
0502557v1
2005-02-24
Disentangling instrumental broadening
A new procedure aiming at disentangling the instrumental profile broadening and the relevant X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) profile shape is presented. The technique consists of three steps: denoising by means of wavelet transforms, background suppression by morphological functions and deblurring by a Lucy--Richardson...
0502582v2
2005-03-31
Bistability and Hysteresis in the Sliding Friction of a Dimer
The sliding friction of a dimer moving over a periodic substrate and subjected to an external force is studied in the steady state for arbitrary temperatures within a one-dimensional model. Nonlinear phenomena that emerge include dynamic bistability and hysteresis, and can be related to earlier observations for extende...
0503725v1
2005-04-01
Exact coherent states of a harmonically confined Tonks-Girardeau gas
Using a scaling transformation we exactly determine the dynamics of an harmonically confined Tonks-Girardeau gas under arbitrary time variations of the trap frequency. We show how during a one-dimensional expansion a ``dynamical fermionization'' occurs as the momentum distribution rapidly approaches an ideal Fermi gas ...
0504024v2
2005-04-28
Non-equilibrium coherence dynamics of a soft boson lattice
We study the non-equilibrium evolution of the phase coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a one dimensional optical lattice, as the lattice is suddenly quenched from an insulating to a superfluid state. We observe slowly damped phase coherence oscillations in the regime of large filling factor (~100 bosons p...
0504762v2
2005-05-18
Spin Dynamics in the Two-Dimensional Spin 1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnet
We present low-temperature dynamic properties of the quantum two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with spin S=1/2. The calculation of the dynamic correlation function is performed by combining a projection operator formalism and the modified spin-wave theory (MSW), which gives a gap in the dispersion rela...
0505458v1
2005-05-30
Emergence and decay of turbulence in stirred atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
We show that a `weak' elliptical deformation of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate rotating at close to the quadrupole instability frequency leads to turbulence with a Kolmogorov energy spectrum. The turbulent state is produced by energy transfer to condensate fragments that are ejected by the quadrupole instability. T...
0505730v1
2005-06-07
Clustering in mixing flows
We calculate the Lyapunov exponents for particles suspended in a random three-dimensional flow, concentrating on the limit where the viscous damping rate is small compared to the inverse correlation time. In this limit Lyapunov exponents are obtained as a power series in epsilon, a dimensionless measure of the particle...
0506175v1
2005-06-16
Interferometric Time-Resolved Probing of Acoustic Modes in Single Gold Nanospheres
We measure the transient absorption of single gold particles with a common-path interferometer. The prompt electronic part of the signal provides high-contrast images for diameters as small as 10 nm. Mechanical vibrations of single particles appear on a longer timescale (period of 16 ps for 50 nm diameter). They reveal...
0506401v1
2005-06-16
Unexpected Density Fluctuations in Jammed Disordered Sphere Packings
We computationally study jammed disordered hard-sphere packings as large as a million particles. We show that the packings are saturated and hyperuniform, i.e., that local density fluctuations grow only as a logarithmically-augmented surface area rather than the volume of the window. The structure factor shows an unusu...
0506406v1
2005-07-27
Population inversion of driven two-level systems in a structureless bath
We derive a master equation for a driven double-dot damped by an unstructured phonon bath, and calculate the spectral density. We find that bath mediated photon absorption is important at relatively strong driving, and may even dominate the dynamics, inducing population inversion of the double dot system. This phenomen...
0507638v2
2005-08-07
Ultrafast light-induced magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic semiconductors
We develop a theory of the magnetization dynamics triggered by ultrafast optical excitation of ferromagnetic semiconductors. We describe the effects of the strong carrier spin relaxation on the nonlinear optical response by using the Lindblad semigroup method. We demonstrate magnetization control during femtosecond tim...
0508178v1
2005-09-14
Dissipation through spin Coulomb drag in electronic spin dynamics
Spin Coulomb drag (SCD) constitutes an intrinsic source of dissipation for spin currents in metals and semiconductors. We discuss the power loss due to SCD in potential spintronics devices and analyze in detail the associated damping of collective spin-density excitations. It is found that SCD contributes substantially...
0509362v1
2005-09-15
Granular dynamics in compaction and stress relaxation
Elastic and dissipative properties of granular assemblies under uniaxial compression are studied both experimentally and by numerical simulations. Following a novel compaction procedure at varying oscillatory pressures, the stress response to a step-strain reveals an exponential relaxation followed by a slow logarithmi...
0509416v1
2005-10-05
Staggered Ladder Spectra
We exactly solve a Fokker-Planck equation by determining its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions: we construct nonlinear second-order differential operators which act as raising and lowering operators, generating ladder spectra for the odd and even parity states. These are staggered: the odd-even separation differs from eve...
0510113v1
2005-10-07
RSFQ devices with selective dissipation for quantum information processing
We study the possibility to use frequency dependent damping in RSFQ circuits as means to reduce dissipation and consequent decoherence in RSFQ/qubit circuits. We show that stable RSFQ operation can be achieved by shunting the Josephson junctions with an $RC$ circuit instead of a plain resistor. We derive criteria for t...
0510189v1
2005-10-21
Proca equation for laser pulses interaction with matter
In this paper the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with matter is investigated. The scattering and potential motion of heat carriers, as well as the external force are considered. It is shown that the heat transport is described by the Proca equation. For thermal Heisenberg type relation V\tau ~ \hbar, (\tau is t...
0510578v1
2005-11-17
Attophysics of Thermal Phenomena in Carbon Nanotubes
In this paper heat transport in carbon nanotubes is investigated. When the dimension of the structure is of the order of the de Broglie wave length transport phenomena must be analysed by quantum mechanics. In this paper we derived the Dirac type thermal equation .The solution of the equation for the temperature fields...
0511445v1
2005-12-14
Terahertz plasma wave generation in ultra-short-channel Field Effect Transistors: theory vs experiment
Taking into account both the scattering and the velocity saturation of carriers, we examine the "shallow-water" instability of the two-dimensional electron gas in a field effect transistor. It is shown that both the scattering (which is analogous to friction in a shallow-water channel) and the carrier velocity saturati...
0512322v1
2006-01-18
Brownian Dynamics, Time-averaging and Colored Noise
We propose a method to obtain the equilibrium distribution for positions and velocities of a one-dimensional particle via time-averaging and Laplace transformations. We apply it to the case of a damped harmonic oscillator in contact with a thermal bath. The present method allows us to treat, among other cases, a Gaussi...
0601419v2
2006-02-01
Special frequencies in reflection spectra of Bragg multiple quantum well structures
We have studied theoretically optical reflection spectra from the Bragg multiple quantum well structures. We give an analytical explanation of the presence of two special frequencies in the spectra at which the reflection coefficient weakly depends on the quantum well number. The influence of the exciton nonradiative d...
0602013v1
2006-02-03
Low Ghz loss in sputtered epitaxial Fe
We show that sputtered, pure epitaxial iron films can have high-frequency loss as low as, or lower than, any known metallic ferromagnetic heterostructure. Minimum 34 Ghz ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidths of 41 Oe are demonstrated, some ~ 5-10 % lower than the previous minimum reported for molecular beam epitaxia...
0602094v1
2006-02-04
Spin-transfer-driven ferromagnetic resonance of individual nanomagnets
We demonstrate a technique that enables ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements of the normal modes for magnetic excitations in individual nanoscale ferromagnets, smaller in volume by a factor of 1000 than can be probed by other methods. The measured peak shapes indicate two regimes of response: simple FMR and phase...
0602105v1
2006-02-10
Low-frequency vortex dynamic susceptibility and relaxation in mesoscopic ferromagnetic dots
Vortex dynamics in a restricted geometry is considered for a magnetic system consisting of ferromagnetic cylindrical dots. To describe the vortex dynamic susceptibility and relaxation the equation of motion for the vortex center position is applied. The dependencies of the vortex dynamic susceptibility and resonance li...
0602279v1
2006-03-09
High Frequency dynamics in metallic glasses
Using Inelastic X-ray Scattering we studied the collective dynamics of the glassy alloy Ni$_{33}$Zr$_{67}$ in the first pseudo Brillouin zone, an energy-momentum region still unexplored in metallic glasses. We determine key properties such as the momentum transfer dependence of the sound velocity and of the acoustic da...
0603251v1
2006-03-13
Synchronization in the BCS Pairing Dynamics as a Critical Phenomenon
Fermi gas with time-dependent pairing interaction hosts several different dynamical states. Coupling between the collective BCS pairing mode and individual Cooper pair states can make the latter either synchronize or dephase. We describe transition from phase-locked undamped oscillations to Landau-damped dephased oscil...
0603317v1
2006-04-04
Reshaping-induced spatiotemporal chaos in driven, damped sine-Gordon systems
Spatiotemporal chaos arising from the competition between sine-Gordon-breather and kink-antikink-pair solitons by reshaping an ac force is demonstrated. After introducing soliton collective coordinates, Melnikov's method is applied to the resulting effective equation of motion to estimate the parameter-space regions of...
0604081v1
2006-04-10
Anomalous Diffusion of Inertial, Weakly Damped Particles
The anomalous (i.e. non-Gaussian) dynamics of particles subject to a deterministic acceleration and a series of 'random kicks' is studied. Based on an extension of the concept of continuous time random walks to position-velocity space, a new fractional equation of the Kramers-Fokker-Planck type is derived. The associat...
0604245v1
2006-05-08
Microscopic Calculation of Spin Torques in Disordered Ferromagnets
Effects of conduction electrons on magnetization dynamics, represented by spin torques, are calculated microscopically in the first order in spatial gradient and time derivative of magnetization. Special attention is paid to the so-called $\beta$-term and the Gilbert damping, $\alpha$, in the presence of electrons' spi...
0605186v1
2006-05-12
Magnetic properties of spin-orbital polarons in lightly doped cobaltates
We present a numerical treatment of a spin-orbital polaron model for Na_xCoO_2 at small hole concentration (0.7 < x < 1). We demonstrate how the polarons account for the peculiar magnetic properties of this layered compound: They explain the large susceptibility; their internal degrees of freedom lead both to a negativ...
0605334v1
2006-07-13
Hydrodynamics of Superfluid Bose Gases in an Optical Lattice at Finite Temperatures
Starting from an effective action for the order parameter field, we derive a coupled set of generalized hydrodynamic equations for a Bose condensate in an optical lattice at finite temperatures. Using the linearized hydrodynamic equations, we study the microscopic mechanism of the Landau instability due to the collisio...
0607320v1
2006-07-31
Inhomogeneous losses and complexness of wave functions in chaotic cavities
In a two-dimensional microwave chaotic cavity ohmic losses located at the contour of the cavity result in different broadenings of different modes. We provide an analytic description and establish the link between such an inhomogeneous damping and the complex (non-real) character of biorthogonal wave functions. This su...
0607810v2
2006-08-05
Disruption of reflecting Bose-Einstein condensates due to inter-atomic interactions and quantum noise
We perform fully three-dimensional simulations, using the truncated Wigner method, to investigate the reflection of Bose-Einstein condensates from abrupt potential barriers. We show that the inter-atomic interactions can disrupt the internal structure of a cigar-shaped cloud with a high atom density at low approach vel...
0608135v3
2006-08-08
Intraplanar Magnetic Excitations in Na0.5CoO2: An Inelastic Neutron Study
Inelastic neutron scattering measurements mapping the in-plane magnetic interactions of Na0.5CoO2 reveal dispersive excitations at points above an energy gap Eg = 11.5(5) meV at the superstructural Bragg reflections. The excitations are highly damped, broadening with increasing energy, and disappear at hw ~ 35 meV, a s...
0608196v2
2006-08-11
Perturbation theory for localized solutions of sine-Gordon equation: decay of a breather and pinning by microresistor
We develop a perturbation theory that describes bound states of solitons localized in a confined area. External forces and influence of inhomogeneities are taken into account as perturbations to exact solutions of the sine-Gordon equation. We have investigated two special cases of fluxon trapped by a microresistor and ...
0608263v1
2006-08-11
Motion of a sphere in an oscillatory boundary layer: an optical tweezer based study
The drag forces acting on a single polystyrene sphere in the vicinity of an oscillating glass plate have been measured using an optical tweezer. The phase of the sphere is found to be a sensitive probe of the dynamics of the sphere. The evolution of the phase from an inertially-coupled regime to a purely velocity-coupl...
0608281v1
2006-08-26
Ab initio simulations of excited carrier dynamics in carbon nanotubes
Combining time-dependent density functional calculations for electrons with molecular dynamics simulations for ions, we investigate the dynamics of excited carriers in a (3,3) carbon nanotube at different temperatures. Following an hv=6.8 eV photoexcitation, the carrier decay is initially dominated by efficient electro...
0608580v1
2006-09-12
Colloidal transport through optical tweezer arrays
Viscously damped particles driven past an evenly spaced array of potential energy wells or barriers may become kinetically locked in to the array, or else may escape from the array. The transition between locked-in and free-running states has been predicted to depend sensitively on the ratio between the particles' size...
0609276v1
2006-09-13
Laser-like Instabilities in Quantum Nano-electromechanical Systems
We discuss negative damping regimes in quantum nano-electromechanical systems formed by coupling a mechanical oscillator to a single-electron transistor (normal or superconducting). Using an analogy to a laser with a tunable atom-field coupling, we demonstrate how these effects scale with system parameters. We also dis...
0609329v2
2006-10-21
Boson-controlled quantum transport
We study the interplay of collective dynamics and damping in the presence of correlations and bosonic fluctuations within the framework of a newly proposed model, which captures the principal transport mechanisms that apply to a variety of physical systems. We establish close connections to the transport of lattice and...
0610592v2
2006-11-27
Microscopic Calculation of Spin Torques and Forces
Spin torques, that is, effects of conduction electrons on magnetization dynamics, are calculated microscopically in the first order in spatial gradient and time derivative of magnetization. Special attention is paid to the so-called \beta-term and the Gilbert damping, \alpha, in the presence of electrons' spin-relaxati...
0611669v1
2007-01-11
The Shear Viscosity to Entropy Density Ratio of Trapped Fermions in the Unitarity Limit
We extract the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio \eta/s of cold fermionic atoms in the unitarity limit from experimental data on the damping of collective excitations. We find that near the critical temperature \eta/s is roughly equal to 1/2 in units of \hbar/k_B. With the possible exception of the quark gluon p...
0701251v4
2007-01-18
High energy kink in the single particle spectra of the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Employing dynamical cluster quantum Monte Carlo calculations we show that the single particle spectral weight A(k,w) of the one-band two-dimensional Hubbard model displays a high energy kink in the quasiparticle dispersion followed by a steep dispersion of a broad peak similar to recent ARPES results reported for the c...
0701429v1
2007-01-18
Quantum vortices in optical lattices
A vortex in a superfluid gas inside an optical lattice can behave as a massive particle moving in a periodic potential and exhibiting quantum properties. In this Letter we discuss these properties and show that the excitation of vortex motions in a two-dimensional lattice can lead to striking measurable changes in its ...
0701439v1
2007-01-23
Resonant spin polarization and spin current in a two-dimensional electron gas
We study the spin polarization and its associated spin-Hall current due to EDSR in disordered two-dimensional electron systems. We show that the disorder induced damping of the resonant spin polarization can be strongly reduced by an optimal field configuration that exploits the interference between Rashba and Dresselh...
0701559v2
2007-01-26
Casimir force driven ratchets
We explore the non-linear dynamics of two parallel periodically patterned metal surfaces that are coupled by the zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field between them. The resulting Casimir force generates for asymmetric patterns with a time-periodically driven surface-to-surface distance a ratchet effect, ...
0701641v1
2007-01-31
Elementary Electronic Excitations in Graphene Nanoribbons
We analyze the collective mode spectrum of graphene nanoribbons within the random phase approximation. In the undoped case, only metallic armchair nanoribbons support a propagating plasmon mode. Landau damping of this mode is shown to be suppressed through the chirality of the single particle wavefunctions. We argue th...
0701787v1
2007-02-05
Diffusion in Modulated Media
We study the motion of Brownian particle in modulated media in the strong damping limit by using {\em toy model}, with special emphasis on the transition from localise to diffusive behavior. By using model potential we have seen the localised behavior when the number of minima of the potential is finite in the asymptot...
0702092v1
2007-02-08
Nonequilibrium fluctuation induced escape from a metastable state
Based on a simple microscopic model where the bath is in a non-equilibrium state we study the escape from a metastable state in the over-damped limit. Making use of Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski description we derive the time dependent escape rate in the non-stationary regime in closed analytical form which brings on to f...
0702217v1
2007-02-09
Dissipation peak as an indicator of sample inhomogeneity in solid $^4$He oscillator experiments
A simple phenomenological model is developed for the recent torsional oscillator experiments on solid $^4$He. Within this model, for a homogeneous sample there is a specific quantitative relation between the change in the oscillator's frequency and its maximum damping at the apparent supersolid transition. Much of the ...
0702243v2
2007-03-06
Controllable Josephson-Like Tunneling in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates Coupled with Microwave via Feshbach Resonance and Trapping Potential
We put forward a scheme for controlling Josephson-like tunneling in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled with microwave field via Feshbach resonance and tuning aspect ratio of trapping potential. We prove how to realize a perfect periodic oscillation from a fast damped and irregular oscillation on relative n...
0703160v1
2007-03-09
Phase Transition in a Two-level-cavity System in an Ohmic Environment
We propose that in the presence of an Ohmic, de-phasing type environment, a two-level-cavity system undergoes a quantum phase transition from a state with damped Rabi oscillation to a state without. We present the phase diagram and make predictions for pump and probe experiment. Such a strong coupling effect of the env...
0703238v1
2007-03-13
The Resonant Light Absorption by Semiconductor Quantum Dots
The cross section of light absorption by semiconductor quantum dots in the case of the resonance with excitons $\Gamma_6 \times \Gamma_7$ in cubical crystals $T_d$ is calculated. It is shown that an interference of stimulating and induced electric and magnetic fields must be taken into account. The absorption section i...
0703324v2
2007-03-13
Internal Josephson-Like Tunneling in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates Affected by Sign of the Atomic Interaction and External Trapping Potential
We study the Josephson-like tunneling in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates coupled with microwave field in respond to various attractive and repulsive atomic interaction under the various aspect ratio of trapping potential and the gravitational field. It is very interesting to find that the dynamic of Josephson-l...
0703327v1
1994-04-26
Semiclassical Gravitational Effects in de Sitter Space at Finite Temperature
In the framework of finite temperature conformal scalar field theory on de Sitter space-time the linearized Einstein equations for the renormalized stress tensor are exactly solved. In this theory quantum field fluctuations are concentrated near two spheres of the de Sitter radius, propagating as light wave fronts. Rel...
9404048v1
1996-07-31
Cosmological Perturbations of Ultrarelativistic Plasmas
Scalar cosmological perturbations of a weakly self-interacting plasma mixed with a perfect radiation fluid are investigated. Effects of this plasma are considered through order $\lambda^{3/2}$ of perturbative thermal-field-theory in the radiation dominated universe. The breakdown of thermal perturbation theory at vastl...
9607077v1
1996-10-22
A detailed study of quasinormal frequencies of the Kerr black hole
We compute the quasinormal frequencies of the Kerr black hole using a continued fraction method. The continued fraction method first proposed by Leaver is still the only known method stable and accurate for the numerical determination of the Kerr quasinormal frequencies. We numerically obtain not only the slowly but al...
9610048v1
1996-10-25
Cosmological Gravitational Wave in a Gravity with Quadratic Order Curvature Couplings
We present a set of equations describing the cosmological gravitational wave in a gravity theory with quadratic order gravitational coupling terms which naturally arise in quantum correction procedures. It is known that the gravitational wave equation in the gravity theories with a general $f(R)$ term in the action lea...
9610059v1
1996-12-16
Evolutionary Dynamics While Trapped in Resonance: A Keplerian Binary System Perturbed by Gravitational Radiation
The method of averaging is used to investigate the phenomenon of capture into resonance for a model that describes a Keplerian binary system influenced by radiation damping and external normally incident periodic gravitational radiation. The dynamical evolution of the binary orbit while trapped in resonance is elucidat...
9612040v1
1998-01-09
Spacetime foam as a quantum thermal bath
An effective model for the spacetime foam is constructed in terms of nonlocal interactions in a classical background. In the weak-coupling approximation, the evolution of the low-energy density matrix is determined by a master equation that predicts loss of quantum coherence. Moreover, spacetime foam can be described b...
9801024v2
1998-02-09
Viscoelastic effects in a spherical Gravitational Wave antenna
Internal friction effects are responsible for line widening of the resonance frequencies in spherical gravitational wave detectors, and result in exponentially damped oscillations of its eigenmodes with a decay time which is proportional to the quality factor of the mode and to its inverse frequency. We study the solut...
9802018v1
1998-06-09
Thermal properties of spacetime foam
Spacetime foam can be modeled in terms of nonlocal effective interactions in a classical nonfluctuating background. Then, the density matrix for the low-energy fields evolves, in the weak-coupling approximation, according to a master equation that contains a diffusion term. Furthermore, it is argued that spacetime foam...
9806047v2
1998-06-26
Chaos in the Kepler System
The long-term dynamical evolution of a Keplerian binary orbit due to the emission and absorption of gravitational radiation is investigated. This work extends our previous results on transient chaos in the planar case to the three dimensional Kepler system. Specifically, we consider the nonlinear evolution of the relat...
9806107v1
1998-10-26
Formation of a rotating hole from a close limit head-on collision
Realistic black hole collisions result in a rapidly rotating Kerr hole, but simulations to date have focused on nonrotating final holes. Using a new solution of the Einstein initial value equations we present here waveforms and radiation for an axisymmetric Kerr-hole-forming collision starting from small initial separa...
9810080v1
1998-11-09
Quantum Gravity effects near the null black hole singularity
The structure of the Cauchy Horizon singularity of a black hole formed in a generic collapse is studied by means of a renormalization group equation for quantum gravity. It is shown that during the early evolution of the Cauchy Horizon the increase of the mass function is damped when quantum fluctuations of the metric ...
9811026v2