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2022-11-17
On universal butterfly and antisymmetric magnetoresistances
Butterfly magnetoresistance (BMR) and antisymmetric magnetoresistance (ASMR) are about a butterfly-cross curve and a curve with one peak and one valley when a magnetic field is swept up and down along a fixed direction. Other than the parallelogram-shaped magnetoresistance-curve (MR-curve) often observed in magnetic memory devices, BMR and ASMR are two ubiquitous types of MR-curves observed in diversified magnetic systems, including van der Waals materials, strongly correlated systems, and traditional magnets. Here, we reveal the general principles and the picture behind the BMR and the ASMR that do not depend on the detailed mechanisms of magnetoresistance: 1) The systems exhibit hysteresis loops, common for most magnetic materials with coercivities. 2) The magnetoresistance of the magnetic structures in a large positive magnetic field and in a large negative magnetic field is approximately the same. With the generalized Ohm's law in magnetic materials, these principles explain why most BMR appears in the longitudinal resistance measurements and is very rare in the Hall resistance measurements. Simple toy models, in which the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation governs magnetization, are used to demonstrate the principles and explain the appearance and disappearance of BMR in various experiments. Our finding provides a simple picture to understand magnetoresistance-related experiments.
2211.09369v1
2009-03-16
Interplay between magnetism and superconductivity and appearance of a second superconducting transition in alpha-FeSe at high pressure
We synthesized tetragonal alpha-FeSe by melting a powder mixture of iron and selenium at high pressure. Subsequent annealing at normal pressure results in removing traces of hexagonal beta- FeSe, formation of a rather sharp transition to superconducting state at Tc ~ 7 K, and the appearance of a magnetic transition near Tm = 120 K. Resistivity and ac-susceptibility were measured on the annealed sample at hydrostatic pressure up to 4.5 GPa. A magnetic transition visible in ac-susceptibility shifts down under pressure and the resistive anomaly typical for a spin density wave (SDW) antiferromagnetic transition develops near the susceptibility anomaly. Tc determined by the appearance of a diamagnetic response in susceptibility, increases linearly under pressure at a rate dTc/dP = 3.5 K/GPa. Below 1.5 GPa, the resistive superconducting transition is sharp; the width of transition does not change with pressure; and, Tc determined by a peak in drho/dT increases at a rate ~ 3.5 K/GPa. At higher pressure, a giant broadening of the resistive transition develops. This effect cannot be explained by possible pressure gradients in the sample and is inherent to alpha-FeSe. The dependences drho(T)/dT show a signature for a second peak above 3 GPa which is indicative of the appearance of another superconducting state in alpha-FeSe at high pressure. We argue that this second superconducting phase coexists with SDW antiferromagnetism in a partial volume fraction and originates from pairing of charge carriers from other sheets of the Fermi surface.
0903.2873v1
2022-05-19
High pressure structural and magneto-transport studies on type-II Dirac semimetal candidate Ir2In8S: Emergence of superconductivity upon decompression
The structural and magneto-transport properties of type-II Dirac semimetal candidate Ir2In8S have been investigated under high pressure. The ambient tetragonal structure (P4_2/mnm) is found to be stable up to 7 GPa, above which the system takes an orthorhombic Pnnm structure, possibly destroying the Dirac cones due to the loss of the four-fold screw symmetry. In the tetragonal structure, a gradual suppression of the transverse magneto-resistance and a rapid change in the magnetic field dependence above 50K suggest possible T-dependent Fermi surface modification. In the high pressure phase, the metallic character increases marginally (as evident from the increased RRR value) accompanied with suppressed magneto-resistance, without emergence of superconductivity up to 20 GPa and down to 1.4K. Most surprisingly, upon release of pressure to 0.2 GPa, a sharp resistance drop below 4K is observed, field varying measurements confirm this as the onset of superconductivity. The observed changes of the carrier density and mobility in the pressure-released tetragonal phase indicate electronic structural modification resulting from the irreversible polyhedral distortion. A simultaneous increase in the residual resistivity and carrier density upon decompression indicates that an enhanced impurity scattering play a key role in the emergence of superconductivity in the tetragonal Ir2In8S, making it an ideal platform to study topological superconductivity.
2205.09798v1
2022-11-08
Effective resistivity in relativistic collisionless plasmoid-mediated reconnection
Magnetic reconnection can power spectacular high-energy astrophysical phenomena by producing non-thermal energy distributions in highly magnetized regions around compact objects. By means of two-dimensional fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations we investigate relativistic collisionless plasmoid-mediated reconnection in magnetically dominated pair plasmas with and without guide field. In X-points, where diverging flows result in a non-diagonal thermal pressure tensor, a finite residence time for particles gives rise to a localized collisionless effective resistivity. Here, for the first time for relativistic reconnection in a fully developed plasmoid chain we identify the mechanisms driving the non-ideal electric field using a full Ohm's law by means of a statistical analysis based on our PIC simulations. We show that the non-ideal electric field is predominantly driven by gradients of nongyrotropic thermal pressures. We propose a kinetic physics motivated non-uniform effective resistivity model, which is negligible on global scales and becomes significant only locally in X-points, that captures the properties of collisionless reconnection with the aim of mimicking its essentials in non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic descriptions. This effective resistivity model provides a viable opportunity to design physically grounded global models for reconnection-powered high-energy emission.
2211.04553v1
2023-10-23
Deep learning denoiser assisted roughness measurements extraction from thin resists with low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) SEM images: analysis with SMILE
The technological advance of High Numerical Aperture Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (High NA EUVL) has opened the gates to extensive researches on thinner photoresists (below 30nm), necessary for the industrial implementation of High NA EUVL. Consequently, images from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suffer from reduced imaging contrast and low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), impacting the measurement of unbiased Line Edge Roughness (uLER) and Line Width Roughness (uLWR). Thus, the aim of this work is to enhance the SNR of SEM images by using a Deep Learning denoiser and enable robust roughness extraction of the thin resist. For this study, we acquired SEM images of Line-Space (L/S) patterns with a Chemically Amplified Resist (CAR) with different thicknesses (15nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm), underlayers (Spin-On-Glass-SOG, Organic Underlayer-OUL) and frames of averaging (4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 Fr). After denoising, a systematic analysis has been carried out on both noisy and denoised images using an open-source metrology software, SMILE 2.3.2, for investigating mean CD, SNR improvement factor, biased and unbiased LWR/LER Power Spectral Density (PSD). Denoised images with lower number of frames present unaltered Critical Dimensions (CDs), enhanced SNR (especially for low number of integration frames), and accurate measurements of uLER and uLWR, with the same accuracy as for noisy images with a consistent higher number of frames. Therefore, images with a small number of integration frames and with SNR < 2 can be successfully denoised, and advantageously used in improving metrology throughput while maintaining reliable roughness measurements for the thin resist.
2310.14815v1
2023-04-13
Combining Electron-Phonon and Dynamical Mean-Field Theory Calculations of Correlated Materials: Transport in the Correlated Metal Sr$_2$RuO$_4$
Electron-electron ($e$-$e$) and electron-phonon ($e$-ph) interactions are challenging to describe in correlated materials, where their joint effects govern unconventional transport, phase transitions, and superconductivity. Here we combine first-principles $e$-ph calculations with dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) as a step toward a unified description of $e$-$e$ and $e$-ph interactions in correlated materials. We compute the $e$-ph self-energy using the DMFT electron Green's function, and combine it with the $e$-$e$ self-energy from DMFT to obtain a Green's function including both interactions. This approach captures the renormalization of quasiparticle dispersion and spectral weight on equal footing. Using our method, we study the $e$-ph and $e$-$e$ contributions to the resistivity and spectral functions in the correlated metal Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. In this material, our results show that $e$-$e$ interactions dominate transport and spectral broadening in the temperature range we study (50$-$310~K), while $e$-ph interactions are relatively weak and account for only $\sim$10\% of the experimental resistivity. We also compute effective scattering rates, and find that the $e$-$e$ interactions result in scattering several times greater than the Planckian value $k_BT$, whereas $e$-ph interactions are associated with scattering rates lower than $k_BT$. Our work demonstrates a first-principles approach to combine electron dynamical correlations from DMFT with $e$-ph interactions in a consistent way, advancing quantitative studies of correlated materials.
2304.06771v2
2011-07-13
SDW transition of Fe1 zigzag chains and metamagnetic transition of Fe2 in TaFe$_{1+y}$Te$_3$
We systematically study the AFM order of Fe1 zigzag chains and spin-flop of excess Fe2 under high magnetic field H through the susceptibility, magnetoresistance (MR), Hall effect and specific heat measurements in high-quality single crystal TaFe$_{1+y}$Te$_3$. These properties suggest that the high temperature AFM transition of the TaFeTe$_3$ layers should be a SDW-type AFM order. Below T$_N$, Fe1 antiferromangetic zigzag chains will induce a inner magnetic field \textbf{H$_{int}$} to interstitial Fe2 and lead Fe2 also forms an AFM alignment, in which the magnetic coupling strength between Fe1 and Fe2 is enhanced by decreasing temperature. On the other hand, the external magnetic field \textbf{H$_{ext}$} inclines to tune interstitial Fe2 to form FM alignment along \textbf{H$_{ext}$}. When \textbf{H$_{ext}$} arrives at the "coercive" field H$_C$, which is able to break the coupling between Fe1 and Fe2, these interstitial Fe2 atoms take a spin-flop from AFM to FM alignment. The local moment of Fe2 is about 4 $\mu_{\textrm{B}}$/Fe. From low field ($<$H$_C$) AFM to high field ($>$H$_C$) FM for Fe2, it also induces sharp drop on resistivity and an anomalous Hall effect. The possible magnetic structure of TaFe$_{1+y}$Te$_3$ is proposed from the susceptibility and MR. The properties related to the spin-flop of Fe2 supply a good opportunity to study the coupling between Fe1 and Fe2 in these TaFe$_{1+y}$Te$_3$ or Fe$_{1+y}$Te with interstitial Fe2 compounds.
1107.2561v1
2012-05-06
Free-Electron Laser-Powered Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy interrogates unpaired electron spins in solids and liquids to reveal local structure and dynamics; for example, EPR has elucidated parts of the structure of protein complexes that have resisted all other techniques in structural biology. EPR can also probe the interplay of light and electricity in organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes, and the origin of decoherence in condensed matter, which is of fundamental importance to the development of quantum information processors. Like nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), EPR spectroscopy becomes more powerful at high magnetic fields and frequencies, and with excitation by coherent pulses rather than continuous waves. However, the difficulty of generating sequences of powerful pulses at frequencies above 100 GHz has, until now, confined high-power pulsed EPR to magnetic fields of 3.5 T and below. Here we demonstrate that ~1 kW pulses from a free-electron laser (FEL) can power a pulsed EPR spectrometer at 240 GHz (8.5 T), providing transformative enhancements over the alternative, a state-of-the-art ~30 mW solid state source. Using the UC Santa Barbara FEL as a source, our 240 GHz spectrometer can rotate spin-1/2 electrons through pi/2 in only 6 ns (vs. 300 ns with the solid state source). Fourier transform EPR on nitrogen impurities in diamond demonstrates excitation and detection of EPR lines separated by ~200 MHz. Decoherence times for spin-1/2 systems as short as 63 ns are measured, enabling measurement of the decoherence time in a frozen solution of nitroxide free-radicals at temperatures as high as 190 K. Both FELs and the quasi-optical technology developed for the spectrometer are scalable to frequencies well in excess of 1 THz, opening the possibility of high-power pulsed EPR spectroscopy up to the highest static magnetic fields on earth.
1205.1186v1
2014-02-10
Development of CMOS pixel sensors for tracking and vertexing in high energy physics experiments
CMOS pixel sensors (CPS) represent a novel technological approach to building charged particle detectors. CMOS processes allow to integrate a sensing volume and readout electronics in a single silicon die allowing to build sensors with a small pixel pitch ($\sim 20 \mu m$) and low material budget ($\sim 0.2-0.3\% X_0$) per layer. These characteristics make CPS an attractive option for vertexing and tracking systems of high energy physics experiments. Moreover, thanks to the mass production industrial CMOS processes used for the manufacturing of CPS the fabrication construction cost can be significantly reduced in comparison to more standard semiconductor technologies. However, the attainable performance level of the CPS in terms of radiation hardness and readout speed is mostly determined by the fabrication parameters of the CMOS processes available on the market rather than by the CPS intrinsic potential. The permanent evolution of commercial CMOS processes towards smaller feature sizes and high resistivity epitaxial layers leads to the better radiation hardness and allows the implementation of accelerated readout circuits. The TowerJazz $0.18 \mu m$ CMOS process being one of the most relevant examples recently became of interest for several future detector projects. The most imminent of these project is an upgrade of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) of the ALICE detector at LHC. It will be followed by the Micro-Vertex Detector (MVD) of the CBM experiment at FAIR. Other experiments like ILD consider CPS as one of the viable options for flavour tagging and tracking sub-systems.
1402.2172v1
2020-04-23
SENSEI: Direct-Detection Results on sub-GeV Dark Matter from a New Skipper-CCD
We present the first direct-detection search for eV-to-GeV dark matter using a new ~2-gram high-resistivity Skipper-CCD from a dedicated fabrication batch that was optimized for dark-matter searches. Using 24 days of data acquired in the MINOS cavern at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, we measure the lowest rates in silicon detectors of events containing one, two, three, or four electrons, and achieve world-leading sensitivity for a large range of sub-GeV dark matter masses. Data taken with different thicknesses of the detector shield suggest a correlation between the rate of high-energy tracks and the rate of single-electron events previously classified as "dark current." We detail key characteristics of the new Skipper-CCDs, which augur well for the planned construction of the ~100-gram SENSEI experiment at SNOLAB.
2004.11378v3
2018-12-04
Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures
The discovery of superconductivity at 203 K in H3S brought attention back to conventional superconductors whose properties can be described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and the Migdal-Eliashberg theories. These theories predict that high, and even room temperature superconductivity (RTSC) is possible in metals possessing certain favorable parameters such as lattice vibrations at high frequencies. However, these general theories do not suffice to predict real superconductors. New superconducting materials can be predicted now with the aid of first principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). In particular, the calculations suggested a new family of hydrides possessing a clathrate structure, where the host atom (Ca, Y, La) is at the center of the cage formed by hydrogen atoms. For LaH10 and YH10 superconductivity, with critical temperatures Tc ranging between 240 and 320 K is predicted at megabar pressures. Here, we report superconductivity with a record Tc ~ 250 K within the Fm-3m structure of LaH10 at a pressure P ~ 170 GPa. We proved the existence of superconductivity at 250 K through the observation of zero-resistance, isotope effect, and the decrease of Tc under an external magnetic field, which suggests an upper critical magnetic field of 120 T at zero-temperature. The pressure dependence of the transition temperatures Tc (P) has a maximum of 250-252 K at the pressure of about 170 GPa. This leap, by ~ 50 K, from the previous Tc record of 203 K indicates the real possibility of achieving RTSC (that is at 273 K) in the near future at high pressures and the perspective of conventional superconductivity at ambient pressure.
1812.01561v1
2021-09-18
Microstructural engineering of medium entropy NiCo(CrAl) alloy for enhanced room and high-temperature mechanical properties
This work demonstrates the development of a strong and ductile medium entropy alloy by employing conventional alloying and thermomechanical processing to induce partial recrystallization (PR) and precipitation strengthening in the microstructure. The combined usage of electron microscopy and atom probe tomography reveals the sequence of microstructural evolution during the process. First, the cold working of homogenized alloy resulted in a highly deformed microstructure. On annealing at 700{\deg}C, B2 ordered precipitates heterogeneously nucleate on the highly misoriented sites. These B2 promotes particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) of new recrystallized strain-free grains. The migration of recrystallized grain boundaries leads to discontinuous precipitation of L12 ordered regions in highly dense lamellae structures. Atomic-scale compositional analysis reveals a significant amount of Ni confined to the GB regions between B2 and L12 precipitates, indicating Ni as a rate-controlling element for coarsening the microstructure. On 20 hours of annealing, the alloy comprises a composite microstructure of soft recrystallized and hard non-recrystallized zones, B2 particles at the grain boundaries (GBs), and coherent L12 precipitates inside the grains. The B2 pins the GB movement during recrystallization while the latter provides high strength. The microstructure results in a 0.2% yield stress (YS) value of 1030 MPa with 32% elongation at ambient temperature and retains up to 910 MPa at 670{\deg}C. Also, it shows exceptional microstructural stability at 700 {\deg}C and resistance to deformation at high temperatures up to 770{\deg}C. Examination of deformed microstructure reveals excessive twinning, formation of stacking faults, shearing of L12 precipitates, and accumulation of dislocations at around the B2 precipitates and GBs attributed to high strain hardening of the alloy.
2109.08894v3
2022-10-07
Fast time-domain current measurement for quantum dot charge sensing using a homemade cryogenic transimpedance amplifier
We developed a high-speed and low-noise time-domain current measurement scheme using a homemade GaAs high-electron-mobility-transistor-based cryogenic transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The scheme is versatile for broad cryogenic current measurements, including semiconductor spin-qubit readout, owing to the TIA's having low input impedance comparable to that of commercial room-temperature TIAs. The TIA has a broad frequency bandwidth and a low noise floor, with a trade-off between them governed by the feedback resistance $R_{FB}$. A lower $R_{FB}$ of 50 k$\Omega$ enables high-speed current measurement with a -3dB cutoff frequency $f_{-3dB}$ = 28 MHz and noise-floor $NF = 8.5 \times 10^{-27}$ A$^{2}$/Hz, while a larger $R_{FB}$ of 400 k$\Omega$ provides low-noise measurement with $NF = 1.0 \times 10^{-27}$ A$^{2}$/Hz and $f_{-3dB}$ = 4.5 MHz. Time-domain measurement of a 2-nA peak-to-peak square wave, which mimics the output of the standard spin-qubit readout technique via charge sensing, demonstrates a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 12.7, with the time resolution of 48 ns, for $R_{FB}$ = 200 k$\Omega$, which compares favorably with the best-reported values for the radio-frequency (RF) reflectometry technique. The time resolution can be further improved at the cost of the SNR (or vice versa) by using an even smaller (larger) $R_{FB}$, with a further reduction in the noise figure possible by limiting the frequency band with a low-pass filter. Our scheme is best suited for readout electronics for cryogenic sensors that require a high time resolution and current sensitivity and thus provides a solution for various fundamental research and industrial applications.
2210.03333v1
2001-03-20
Fully dense MgB_2 superconductor textured by hot deformation
Bulk textured MgB_2 material of nearly full density showing a weak c-axis alignment of the hexagonal MgB_2 grains parallel to the pressure direction was obtained by hot deformation of a stoichiometric MgB_2 pellet prepared by a gas-solid reaction. The texture of the material was verified by comparing the x-ray diffraction patterns of the hot deformed material with isotropic MgB_2 powder. A small, but distinct anisotropy of the upper critical field up to Hc2^{a,b}/Hc2^{c}~1.2 depending on degree of texture was found by resistance and susceptibility measurements. No anisotropy of the critical current density determined from magnetization measurements was found for the textured material.
0103408v2
2004-11-22
Quantized Failure Criteria and Indirect Observation for Predicting the Nanoscale Strength of Materials: The Example of the Ultra Nano Crystalline Diamond
In this paper theoretical and statistical/experimental criteria for determining the nanoscale strength of materials are proposed. In particular, quantized criteria in fracture mechanics, dynamic fracture mechanics and fatigue, as well as an experimental indirect observation of the nanoscale strength, are proposed. The increasing of the dynamic resistance and the role of a fractal crack surface formation are also rationalized. The analysis shows that materials can be sensitive to flaws also at nanoscale (as demonstrated for carbon nanotubes), in contrast to the conclusion of a recently published paper, and that the surfaces are weaker than the inner parts of a solid by a factor of about 10%. In addition, the proposed statistical/experimental procedure is applied for predicting the nanoscale strength of the ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD), an innovative material only recently developed.
0411556v1
2010-08-05
Evaluation of the acoustic and non-acoustic properties of sound absorbing materials using a three-microphone impedance tube
This paper presents a straightforward application of an indirect method based on a three-microphone impedance tube setup to determine the non-acoustic properties of a sound absorbing porous material. First, a three-microphone impedance tube technique is used to measure some acoustic properties of the material (i.e., sound absorption coefficient, sound transmission loss, effective density and effective bulk modulus) regarded here as an equivalent fluid. Second, an indirect characterization allows one to extract its non-acoustic properties (i.e., static airflow resistivity, tortuosity, viscous and thermal characteristic lengths) from the measured effective properties and the material open porosity. The procedure is applied to four different sound absorbing materials and results of the characterization are compared with existing direct and inverse methods. Predictions of the acoustic behavior using an equivalent fluid model and the found non-acoustic properties are in good agreement with impedance tube measurements.
1008.0975v1
2011-02-20
Intrinsic Correlation between Hardness and Elasticity in Polycrystalline Materials and Bulk Metallic Glasses
Though extensively studied, hardness, defined as the resistance of a material to deformation, still remains a challenging issue for a formal theoretical description due to its inherent mechanical complexity. The widely applied Teter's empirical correlation between hardness and shear modulus has been considered to be not always valid for a large variety of materials. Here, inspired by the classical work on Pugh's modulus ratio, we develop a theoretical model which establishes a robust correlation between hardness and elasticity for a wide class of materials, including bulk metallic glasses, with results in very good agreement with experiment. The simplified form of our model also provides an unambiguous theoretical evidence for Teter's empirical correlation.
1102.4063v1
2014-07-05
Large-scale BN tunnel barriers for graphene spintronics
We have fabricated graphene spin-valve devices utilizing scalable materials made from chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Both the spin-transporting graphene and the tunnel barrier material are CVD-grown. The tunnel barrier is realized by h-BN, used either as a monolayer or bilayer and placed over the graphene. Spin transport experiments were performed using ferromagnetic contacts deposited onto the barrier. We find that spin injection is still greatly suppressed in devices with a monolayer tunneling barrier due to resistance mismatch. This is, however, not the case for devices with bilayer barriers. For those devices, a spin relaxation time of 260 ps intrinsic to the CVD graphene material is deduced. This time scale is comparable to those reported for exfoliated graphene, suggesting that this CVD approach is promising for spintronic applications which require scalable materials.
1407.1439v1
2017-02-16
Large elastic recovery of zinc dicyanoaurate
We report the mechanical properties of the `giant' negative compressibility material zinc(II) dicyanoaurate, as determined using a combination of single-crystal nanoindentation measurements and \emph{ab initio} density functional theory calculations. While the elastic response of zinc dicyanoaurate is found to be intermediate to the behaviour of dense and open framework structures, we discover the material to exhibit a particularly strong elastic recovery, which is advantageous for a range of practical applications. We attribute this response to the existence of supramolecular helices that function as atomic-scale springs, storing mechanical energy during compressive stress and hence inhibiting plastic deformation. Our results are consistent with the relationship noted in [Cheng \& Cheng, \textit{Appl. Phys. Lett.}, 1998, {\textbf{73}}, 614] between the magnitude of elastic recovery, on the one hand, and the ratio of material hardness to Young's modulus, on the other hand. Drawing on comparisons with other metal--organic frameworks containing helical structure motifs, we suggest helices as an attractive supramolecular motif for imparting resistance to plastic deformation in the design of functional materials.
1702.05145v1
2018-06-19
Hydrodynamic Phonon Transport Perpendicular to Diffuse-Gray Boundaries
In this paper, we examine the application of an ideal phonon-hydrodynamic material as the heat transfer medium between two non-hydrodynamic contacts with a finite temperature difference. We use the integral-equation approach to solve a modified phonon Boltzmann transport equation with the displaced Bose-Einstein distribution as the equilibrium distribution between two boundaries perpendicular to the heat transfer direction. When the distance between the boundaries is smaller than the phonon normal scattering mean free path, our solution converges to the ballistic limit as expected. In the other limit, we find that, although the local thermal conductivity in the bulk of the hydrodynamic material approaches infinity, the thermal boundary resistance at the hydrodynamic/non-hydrodynamic interfaces becomes dominant. Our study provides insights to both the steady-state thermal characterization of phonon-hydrodynamic materials and the practical application of phonon-hydrodynamic materials for thermal management.
1806.07345v3
2019-08-26
One-pot synthesis: a simple and fast method to obtain ceramic superconducting materials
The one-pot method focuses on the reduction of the number of steps or chemical reactions in the synthesis of materials, and it is very appealing in terms of sustainability. In addition to this point of view, superconductors are desired materials due to their unusual properties, such as the zero resistivity and the perfect diamagnetism. One-pot, Thus, in this work, we described the one-pot synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7-{\delta} superconducting ceramic. In just two steps and a few hours, a polymer composite solution was prepared, which originates a powder after burning the polymer out with pure phase and with superconducting properties better than those produced by other techniques.
1908.09923v1
2018-07-16
Tailoring Materials for Mottronics: Excess Oxygen Doping of a Prototypical Mott Insulator
The Mott transistor is a paradigm for a new class of electronic devices---often referred to by the term Mottronics---, which are based on charge correlations between the electrons. Since correlation-induced insulating phases of most oxide compounds are usually very robust, new methods have to be developed to push such materials right to the boundary to the metallic phase in order to enable the metal-insulator transition to be switched by electric gating. Here we demonstrate that thin films of the prototypical Mott insulator LaTiO$_3$ grown by pulsed laser deposition under oxygen atmosphere are readily tuned by excess oxygen doping across the line of the band-filling controlled Mott transition in the electronic phase diagram. The detected insulator to metal transition is characterized by a strong change in resistivity of several orders of magnitude. The use of suitable substrates and capping layers to inhibit oxygen diffusion facilitates full control of the oxygen content and renders the films stable against exposure to ambient conditions, making LaTiO$_{3+x}$ a promising functional material for Mottronics devices.
1807.05724v1
2020-11-25
Reconstructing the thermal phonon transmission coefficient at solid interfaces in the phonon transport equation
The ab initio model for heat propagation is the phonon transport equation, a Boltzmann-like kinetic equation. When two materials are put side by side, the heat that propagates from one material to the other experiences thermal boundary resistance. Mathematically, it is represented by the reflection coefficient of the phonon transport equation on the interface of the two materials. This coefficient takes different values at different phonon frequencies, between different materials. In experiments scientists measure the surface temperature of one material to infer the reflection coefficient as a function of phonon frequency. In this article, we formulate this inverse problem in an optimization framework and apply the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method for finding the optimal solution. We furthermore prove the maximum principle and show the Lipschitz continuity of the Fr\'echet derivative. These properties allow us to justify the application of SGD in this setup.
2011.13047v2
2023-01-24
Using Arduino in Physics Experiments:Determining the Speed of Sound in Air
Considering the 21st century skills and the importance of STEM education in fulfilling these skills, it is clear that the course materials should be materials that bring students together with technology and attract their attention, apart from traditional materials. In addition, in terms of the applicability of these materials, it is very important that the materials are affordable and easily accessible. In this study two open ended resonance tube, Computer and speaker for generate sound with different frequencies, Arduino UNO, AR-054 Sound Sensor, Green LED and 220 ohm resistance were used for measure the speed of sound in air at room tempature. With the help of sound sensor, two consecutive harmonic frequency values were determined and the fundamental frequency was calculated. Using the tube features and the fundamental frequency value, the speed of sound propagation in the air at room temperature was calculated as 386.42 m/s. This value is theoretically 346 m/s. This study, in which the propagation speed of the sound is calculated with very low cost and coding studies with 12% error margin, is important in terms of hosting all STEM gains and can be easily applied in classrooms.
2301.10325v1
2023-09-14
Photo-induced reversible modification of the Curie-Weiss temperature in paramagnetic gadolinium compounds
Gadolinium oxyhydride GdHO is a photochromic material that darkens under illumination and bleaches back by thermal relaxation. As an inorganic photochromic material that can be easily deposited by magnetron sputtering, GdHO has very interesting potential applications as a functional material, specially for smart glazing applications. However, the underlying reasons behind the photochromic mechanism-which can be instrumental for the correct optimisation of GdOH for different applications-are not completely understood. In this paper, we rely on the well-stablished magnetic properties of Gd$^{3+}$ to shed light on this matter. GdOH thin films present paramagnetic behaviour similar to other Gd$^{3+}$ compounds such as Gd$_2$O$_3$. Illumination of the films result in a reversible increase of the Curie-Weiss temperature pointing to RKKY interactions, which is consistent with the resistivity decrease observed in the photo-darkened films.
2309.07978v1
2024-01-26
First-principles Methodology for studying magnetotransport in magnetic materials
Unusual magnetotransport behaviors such as temperature dependent negative magnetoresistance(MR) and bowtie-shaped MR have puzzled us for a long time. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain them, the absence of comprehensive quantitative calculations has made these explanations less convincing. In our work, we introduce a methodology to study the magnetotransport behaviors in magnetic materials. This approach integrates anomalous Hall conductivity induced by Berry curvature, with a multi-band ordinary conductivity tensor, employing a combination of first-principles calculations and semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. Our method incorporates both the temperature dependency of relaxation time and anomalous Hall conductivity, as well as the field dependency of anomalous Hall conductivity. We initially test this approach on two-band models and then apply it to a Weyl semimetal \CSS. The results, which align well with experimental observations in terms of magnetic field and temperature dependencies, demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Additionally, we have investigated the distinct behaviors of magnetoresistance (MR) and Hall resistivities across various types of magnetic materials. This methodology provides a comprehensive and efficient means to understand the underlying mechanisms of the unusual behaviors observed in magneto-transport measurements in magnetic materials.
2401.15146v1
2024-03-29
Computational Shape Derivatives in Heat Conduction: An Optimization Approach for Enhanced Thermal Performance
We analyze an optimization problem of the conductivity in a composite material arising in a heat conduction energy storage problem. The model is described by the heat equation that specifies the heat exchange between two types of materials with different conductive properties with Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions on the external part of the domain, and on the interface characterized by the resisting coefficient between the highly conductive material and the less conductive material. The main purpose of the paper is to compute a shape gradient of an optimization functional in order to accurately determine the optimal location of the conductive material using a classical shape optimization strategy. We also present some numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
2403.20181v1
2002-05-30
Tunability of High-Dielectric-Constant Materials from First Principles
A first-principles method, based on density functional perturbation theory, is presented for computing the leading order tunability of high-dielectric-constant materials.
0205655v1
2024-05-28
On the resistance regular graphs
For a connected graph $G$, its resistance matrix is denoted by $R(G)$. If all the row(column) sums of $R(G)$ are equal, then $G$ is said to be resistance regular. In $[13]$, J. Zhou et al. posed the question regarding the existence of a non-regular resistance regular graph. In this article, we establish that all resistance regular graphs are regular, thus conclusively answering Zhou's question by showing that no non-regular resistance regular graph exists. Also, we compute the resistance energies of some resistance regular graphs. Furthermore, we determine various bounds for the resistance energy and resistance spectral radius of $G.$
2405.18177v1
2005-06-29
Galaxy formation and cosmic-ray acceleration in a magnetized universe
We study the linear magneto-hydrodynamical behaviour of a Newtonian cosmology with a viscous magnetized fluid of finite conductivity and generalise the Jeans instability criterion. The presence of the field favors the anisotropic collapse of the fluid, which in turn leads to further magnetic amplification and to an enhanced current-sheet formation in the plane normal to the ambient magnetic field. When the currents exceed a certain threshold, the resulting electrostatic turbulence can dramatically amplify the resistivity of the medium (anomalous resistivity). This could trigger strong electric fields and subsequently the acceleration of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) during the formation of protogalactic structures.
0506742v1
1998-10-21
Large scale instabilities in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics
The stability of a sheared magnetic field is analyzed in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics with resistive and viscous dissipation. Using a multiple-scale analysis, it is shown that at large enough Reynolds numbers the basic state describing a motionless fluid and a layered magnetic field, becomes unstable with respect to large scale perturbations. The exact expressions for eddy-viscosity and eddy-resistivity are derived in the nearby of the critical point where the instability sets in. In this marginally unstable case the nonlinear phase of perturbation growth obeys to a Cahn-Hilliard-like dynamics characterized by coalescence of magnetic islands leading to a final new equilibrium state. High resolution numerical simulations confirm quantitatively the predictions of multiscale analysis.
9810026v1
1997-11-19
Intrinsic resistivity and the SO(5) theory of high-temperature superconductors
The topological structure of the order parameter in Zhang's SO(5) theory of superconductivity allows for an unusual type of dissipation mechanism via which current-carrying states can decay. The resistivity due to this mechanism, which involves orientation rather than amplitude order-parameter fluctuations, is calculated for the case of a thin superconducting wire. The approach is a suitably modified version of that pioneered by Langer and Ambegaokar for conventional superconductors.
9711193v2
1998-05-22
reentrance effect in normal-metal/superconducting hybrid loops
We have measured the transport properties of two mesoscopic hybrid loops composed of a normal-metal arm and a superconducting arm. The samples differed in the transmittance of the normal/superconducting interfaces. While the low transmittance sample showed monotonic behavior in the low temperature resistance, magnetoresistance and differential resistance, the high transmittance sample showed reentrant behavior in all three measurements. This reentrant behavior is due to coherent Andreev reflection at the normal/superconducting interfaces. We compare the reentrance effect for the three different measurements and discuss the results based on the theory of quasiclassical Green's functions.
9805298v1
1998-12-20
Comment on "Charged impurity scattering limited low temperature resistivity of low density silicon inversion layers" (Das Sarma and Hwang, cond-mat/9812216)
In a recent preprint cond-mat/9812216, Das Sarma and Hwang propose an explanation of the sharp decrease in resistivity at low temperatures which has been attributed to a transition to an unexpected conducting phase in dilute high-mobility two-dimensional systems at B=0. In this Comment, we examine whether their model is supported by the available experimental data.
9812331v1
1999-02-24
Charge Relaxation and Dephasing in Coulomb Coupled Conductors
The dephasing time in coupled mesoscopic conductors is caused by the fluctuations of the dipolar charge permitted by the long range Coulomb interaction. We relate the phase breaking time to elementary transport coefficients which describe the dynamics of this dipole: the capacitance, an equilibrium charge relaxation resistance and in the presence of transport through one of the conductors a non-equilibrium charge relaxation resistance. The discussion is illustrated for a quantum point contact in a high magnetic field in proximity to a quantum dot.
9902320v1
1999-03-31
Apparent Metallic Behavior at B = 0 of a two-dimensional electron system in AlAs
We report the observation of metallic-like behavior at low temperatures and zero magnetic field in two dimensional (2D) electrons in an AlAs quantum well. At high densities the resistance of the sample decreases with decreasing temperature, but as the density is reduced the behavior changes to insulating, with the resistance increasing as the temperature is decreased. The effect is similar to that observed in 2D electrons in Si-MOSFETs, and in 2D holes in SiGe and GaAs, and points to the generality of this phenomenon.
9903443v1
1999-04-05
Spin Degree of Freedom in a Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid
We have investigated correlation between spin polarization and magnetotransport in a high mobility silicon inversion layer which shows the metal-insulator transition. Increase in the resistivity in a parallel magnetic field reaches saturation at the critical field for the full polarization evaluated from an analysis of low-field Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. By rotating the sample at various total strength of the magnetic field, we found that the normal component of the magnetic field at minima in the diagonal resistivity increases linearly with the concentration of ``spin-up'' electrons.
9904058v1
1999-06-17
Systematic Evolution of the Magnetotransport Properties of Bi_{2}Sr_{2-x}La_{x}CuO_{6} with Carrier Concentration
We report that it is possible to obtain a series of high-quality crystals of La-doped Bi-2201, of which the transport properties have been believed to be "dirtier" than those of other cuprates. In our crystals, the normal-state transport properties display behaviors which are in good accord with other cuprates; for example, in the underdoped region the in-plane resistivity \rho_{ab} shows the pseudogap feature and in the overdoped region the T dependence of \rho_{ab} changes to T^n with n > 1. The characteristic temperatures of the pseudogap deduced from the resistivity and the Hall coefficient data are presented.
9906268v1
2000-02-08
Negative Pressure of Anisotropic Compressible Hall States : Implication to Metrology
Pressure, compressibility, and Hall conductance of anisotropic states at higher Landau levels are computed. Pressure and compressibility become negative. Hall conductance is unquantized and varies with filling factor. These facts agree with the recent experimental observations of highly anisotropic compressible states at higher Landau levels. It is shown, as an implication of negative pressure, that the quantum Hall effect has extraordinary stability, that is, Hall resistance is quantized even when the longitudinal resistance does not vanish.
0002108v3
2000-12-08
Pressure, Resistance, and Current Activation of Anisotropic Compressible Hall States
Thermodynamic and electric properties of anisotropic compressible Hall states at higher Landau levels are studied using a mean field theory on the von Neumann lattice basis. It is shown that resistances agree with the recent experiments of anisotropic compressible states and the states have negative pressure. As implications, the collapse phenomena of the integer quantum Hall effect are discussed.
0012133v1
2001-07-03
Scaling Behavior of Anomalous Hall Effect and Longitudinal Nonlinear Response in High-Tc Superconductors
Based on existing theoretical model and by considering our longitudinal nonlinear response function, we derive a nonliear equation in which the mixed state Hall resistivity can be expressed as an analytical function of magnetic field, temperature and applied current. This equation enables one to compare quantitatively the experimental data with theoretical model. We also find some new scaling relations of the temperature and field dependency of Hall resistivity. The comparison between our theoretical curves and experimental data shows a fair agreement.
0107045v1
2001-07-06
Current-Driven Conformational Changes, Charging and Negative Differential Resistance in Molecular Wires
We introduce a theoretical approach based on scattering theory and total energy methods that treats transport non-linearities, conformational changes and charging effects in molecular wires in a unified way. We apply this approach to molecular wires consisting of chain molecules with different electronic and structural properties bonded to metal contacts. We show that non-linear transport in all of these systems can be understood in terms of a single physical mechanism and predict that negative differential resistance at high bias should be a generic property of such molecular wires.
0107147v1
2001-07-17
Analysis of the resistance in p-SiGe over a wide temperature range
The temperature dependence of a system exhibiting a `metal-insulator transition in two dimensions at zero magnetic field' (MIT) is studied up to 90K. Using a classical scattering model we are able to simulate the non-monotonic temperature dependence of the resistivity in the metallic high density regime. We show that the temperature dependence arises from a complex interplay of metallic and insulating contributions contained in the calculation of the scattering rate $1/\td(E,T)$, each dominating in a limited temperature range.
0107369v1
2001-09-27
Enhanced paramagnetism of the 4d itinerant electrons in the rhodium oxide perovskite SrRhO3
Polycrystalline rhodium(IV) oxide perovskite SrRhO3 was obtained by high-pressure synthesis techniques, followed by measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and specific heat. The title compound has five 4d-electrons per perovskite unit and shows Fermi-liquid behavior in its electrical resistivity. The magnetic susceptibility is large [chi(300K) \~1.1*10^{-3} emu/mol-Rh] and proportional to 1/T^2 (< 380 K), while there is no magnetic long-range order above 1.8 K. The specific heat measurements indicate a probable magnetic contribution below ~ 15 K, which is not predicted by the self-consistent renormalization theory of spin fluctuations for both antiferro- and ferromagnetic 3D nearly-ordered metals.
0109522v2
2001-12-20
Fluctuation induced hopping and spin polaron transport
We study the motion of free magnetic polarons in a paramagnetic background of fluctuating local moments. The polaron can tunnel only to nearby regions of local moments when these fluctuate into alignment. We propose this fluctuation induced hopping as a new transport mechanism for the spin polaron. We calculate the diffusion constant for fluctuation induced hopping from the rate at which local moments fluctuate into alignment. The electrical resistivity is then obtained via the Einstein relation. We suggest that the proposed transport mechanism is relevant in the high temperature phase of the Mn pyrochlore colossal magneto resistance compounds and Europium hexaboride.
0112385v1
2002-11-27
Indications of coherence-incoherence crossover in layered transport
For many layered metals the temperature dependence of the interlayer resistance has a different behavior than the intralayer resistance. In order to better understand interlayer transport we consider a concrete model which exhibits this behavior. A small polaron model is used to illustrate how the interlayer transport is related to the coherence of quasi-particles within the layers. Explicit results are given for the electron spectral function, interlayer optical conductivity and the interlayer magnetoresistance. All these quantities have two contributions: one coherent (dominant at low temperatures) and one incoherent (dominant at high temperatures).
0211612v1
2002-11-28
Small polarons and c-axis transport in highly anisotropic metals
Motivated by the anomalous c-axis transport properties of the quasi two-dimensional metal, $\rm Sr_2 Ru O_4$, and related compounds, we have studied the interlayer hopping of single electrons that are coupled strongly to c-axis bosons. We find a c-axis resistivity that reflects the in-plane electronic scattering in the low and very high temperature limits (relative to the characteristic temperature of the boson $T_{\rm boson}$). For temperatures near the $T_{\rm boson}$, a broad maximum in the resistivity can appear for sufficiently strong electron-boson coupling. This feature may account for the observed ``metallic to non-metallic crossover'' seen in these layered oxides, where the boson may be a phonon.
0211675v1
2003-05-01
Negative differential resistance due to the resonance coupling of a quantum-dot dimer
Electron tunneling through a coupled quantum-dot dimer under a dc-bias is investigated. We find that a peak in the $I$-$V$ curve appears at low temperature when two discrete electronic states in the two quantum dots are aligned with each other -- resonance coupling. This leads to a negative differential resistance. The peak height and width depend on the dot-dot coupling. At high temperature, the peak disappears due to thermal smearing effects.
0305018v1
2003-08-06
Measuring thermal conductivity in extreme conditions: sub-Kelvin temperatures and high (27 T) magnetic fields
We present a one-heater-two-thermometer set-up for measuring thermal conductivity and electric resistivity of a bulk sample at low temperatures down to 0.1 K and in magnetic fields up to 27 Tesla. The design overcomes the difficulties emerging in the context of large water-cooled resistive magnets.
0308106v1
2003-09-29
Fluxon dynamics by microwave surface resistance measurements in MgB2
Field-induced variations of the microwave surface resistance, Rs(H), have been investigated in high-density ceramic MgB2. At low temperatures, several peculiarities of the Rs(H) curves cannot be justified in the framework of models reported in the literature. We suggest that they are ascribable to the unconventional vortex structure in MgB2, related to the presence of two gaps. On the contrary, the results near Tc can be accounted for by the Coffey and Clem model, with fluxons moving in the flux-flow regime, provided that the anisotropy of the upper critical field is taken into due account.
0309654v1
2003-10-20
Evidence for a quantum phase transition in the electron-doped cuprate Pr2-xCexCuO4+d from Hall and resistivity measurements
The doping and temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient, RH, and ab-plane resistivity in the normal state down to 350mK is reported for oriented films of the electron-doped high-Tc superconductor Pr2-xCexCuO4+d. The doping dependence of b (r=r0+AT^b) and R_sub_H (at 350 mK) suggest a quantum phase transition at a critical doping near x=0.165.
0310475v2
2004-01-15
Plasmon assisted transport through disordered array of quantum wires
Phononless plasmon assisted thermally activated transport through a long disordered array of finite length quantum wires is investigated analytically. Generically strong electron plasmon interaction in quantum wires results in a qualitative change of the temperature dependence of thermally activated resistance in comparison to phonon assisted transport. At high temperatures, the thermally activated resistance is determined by the Luttinger liquid interaction parameter of the wires.
0401274v2
2004-01-26
Vanishing Hall Resistance at High Magnetic Field in a Double Layer Two-Dimensional Electron System
At total Landau level filling factor $\nu_{tot}=1$ a double layer two-dimensional electron system with small interlayer separation supports a collective state possessing spontaneous interlayer phase coherence. This state exhibits the quantized Hall effect when equal electrical currents flow in parallel through the two layers. In contrast, if the currents in the two layers are equal, but oppositely directed, both the longitudinal and Hall resistances of each layer vanish in the low temperature limit. This finding supports the prediction that the ground state at $\nu_{tot}=1$ is an excitonic superfluid.
0401521v1
2004-07-06
Spin characterization and control over the regime of radiation-induced zero-resistance states
Over the regime of the radiation-induced zero-resistance states and associated oscillatory magnetoresistance, we propose a low magnetic field analog of quantum-Hall-limit techniques for the electrical detection of electron spin- and nuclear magnetic- resonance, dynamical nuclear polarization via electron spin resonance, and electrical characterization of the nuclear spin polarization via the Overhauser shift. In addition, beats observed in the radiation-induced oscillatory-magnetoresistance are developed into a method to measure and control the zero-field spin splitting due to the Bychkov-Rashba and bulk inversion asymmetry terms in the high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs system.
0407143v1
2004-08-03
Electrical resistivity and tunneling anomalies in CeCuAs2
The compound CeCuAs2 is found to exhibit negative temperature (T) coefficient of electrical resistivity (rho) under ambient pressure conditions in the entire T-range of investigation (45 mK to 300 K), even in the presence of high magnetic fields. Preliminary tunneling spectroscopic measurements indicate the existence of a psuedo-gap at least at low temperatures, thereby implying that this compound could be classified as a Kondo semi-conductor, though rho(T) interestingly is not found to be of an activated type.
0408060v1
2005-01-05
Radiation-induced zero-resistance states with resolved Landau levels
The microwave-photoexcited high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron system exhibits an oscillatory-magnetoresistance with vanishing resistance in the vicinity of magnetic fields $B = [4/(4j+1)] B_{f}$, where $B_{f} = 2\pi\textit{f}m^{*}/e$, m$^{*}$ is an the effective mass, e is the charge, \textit{f} is the microwave frequency, and $j$ =1,2,3... Here, we report transport with well-resolved Landau levels, and some transmission characteristics.
0501091v1
2005-01-21
Metallic behavior in Si/SiGe 2D electron systems
We calculate the temperature, density, and parallel magnetic field dependence of low temperature electronic resistivity in 2D high-mobility Si/SiGe quantum structures, assuming the conductivity limiting mechanism to be carrier scattering by screened random charged Coulombic impurity centers. We obtain comprehensive agreement with existing experimental transport data, compellingly establishing that the observed 2D metallic behavior in low-density Si/SiGe systems arises from the peculiar nature of 2D screening of long-range impurity disorder. In particular, our theory correctly predicts the experimentally observed metallic temperature dependence of 2D resistivity in the fully spin-polarized system.
0501531v1
2005-05-10
Variable resistance at the boundary between semimetal and excitonic insulator
We solve the two-band model for the transport across a junction between a semimetal and an excitonic insulator. We analyze the current in terms of two competing terms associated with neutral excitons and charged carriers, respectively. We find a high value for the interface resistance, extremely sensitive to the junction transparency. We explore favorable systems for experimental confirmation.
0505247v1
2006-02-18
Anomalous Flux Pinning in ?-Pyrochlore Oxide Superconductor KOs2O6
The superconducting transition of the ?-pyrochlore oxide KOs2O6 with Tc = 9.60 K is studied by resistivity measurements under various magnetic fields using a high-quality single crystal. The reentrant behavior of superconductivity is observed near Tc in low magnetic fields below 2 T. The recovered resistance probably due to flux flow exhibits an anomalous angle dependence, indicating that flux pinning is enhanced in magnetic fields along certain crystallographic directions such as [110], [001] and [112]. It is suggested that there is an intrinsic pinning mechanism coming from the specific crystal structure of the ?-pyrochlore oxide.
0602433v1
2006-03-30
Joule heating induced negative differential resistance in free standing metallic carbon nanotubes
The features of the $IV$ characteristics of metallic carbon nanotubes (m-NTs) in different experimental setups are studied using semi-classical Boltzmann transport equation together with the heat dissipation equation to account for significant thermal effects at high electric bias. Our model predicts that the shape of the m-NT characteristics is basically controlled by heat removal mechanisms. In particular we show that the onset of negative differential resistance in free standing nanotubes finds its origins in strong transport nonlinearities associated with poor heat removal unlike in substrate-supported nanotubes.
0603831v1
2007-03-27
Resistively shunted Josephson junctions: QFT predictions versus MC results
During the last fourteen years several exact results were obtained for the so-called boundary sine-Gordon model. In the case of a conformal bulk this 2D boundary quantum field theory describes the universal scaling behavior of the Caldeira-Leggett model of resistively shunted Josephson junctions. In this work, we use a recently developed Monte Carlo technique to test some of the analytical predictions.
0703712v2
1994-02-14
Fractal Dimension of Gauge-fixing Defects
The fractal dimension $D_f$ of sites resisting Landau or maximal Abelian(MA) gauge fixing in lattice $SU(3)$ gluodynamics is defined and computed. In Landau gauge such sites clump into $D_f\sim 1$ clusters in the confining phase. In the finite temperature phase their dimensionality drops to $D_f < 1$, that is, clustering seems to dissipate. In contrast, MA gauge resistant sites fail to exhibit a notable tendency to cluster at any temperature.
9402009v2
2002-07-09
Body Motion in a Resistive Medium at Temperature T
We consider a macroscopic body propagating in a one-dimensional resistive medium, consisting of an ideal gas at temperature $T$. For a whole family of collisions with varying degree of inelasticity, we find an exact expression for the effective force on the moving body as a function of the body's speed and the value of the restitution coefficient. At low and high speeds it reduces to the well-known Stoke's and Newton's law, respectively.
0207037v1
2002-11-29
Resistive plate chambers for time-of-flight measurements
The applications of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) have recently been extended by the development of counters with time resolution below 100 ps sigma for minimum ionising particles. Applications to HEP experiments have already taken place and many further applications are under study. In this work we address the operating principles of such counters along with some present challenges, with emphasis on counter aging.
0211120v1
2007-05-04
Simultaneous recording of two- and four-probe resistive transitions in doped laser-processed Sr-Ru-O
To confirm previously reported evidence of high-temperature superconductivity in laser processed Sr-Ru-O, we performed simultaneous two-probe and four-probe resistive measurements using bar-geometry samples. A superconducting-type transition with an onset at about 250K was recorded in one of the samples, consistent with our previously reported measurements in the X-bridge geometry. Some compositional details of the samples are also provided which were not known at the time of previous web-publication.
0705.0641v1
2007-07-18
Synchnonization, zero-resistance states and rotating Wigner crystal
We show that rotational angles of electrons moving in two dimensions (2D) in a perpendicular magnetic field can be synchronized by an external microwave field which frequency is close to the Larmor frequency. The synchronization eliminates collisions between electrons and thus creates a regime with zero diffusion corresponding to the zero-resistance states observed in experiments with high mobility 2D electron gas (2DEG). For long range Coulomb interactions electrons form a rotating hexagonal Wigner crystal. Possible relevance of this effect for planetary rings is discussed.
0707.2694v1
2007-11-06
Plasmon phenomena as origin of DC-current induced resistivity oscillations in two-dimensional electron systems
We analyze theoretically the oscillations that the magnetoresistivity of two-dimensional electron systems present when a high intensity direct current is applied. In the model presented here we suggest that a plasma wave is excited in the system producing an oscillating motion of the whole two-dimensional electron gas at the plasma frequency. This scenario affects dramatically the way that electrons interact with scatterers giving rise to oscillations in the longitudinal resistivity. With this theoretical model experimental results are well reproduced and explained.
0711.0927v1
2008-06-17
Electrical Resistivity and Specific Heat of EuFe2As2 Single Crystals: Magnetic homologue of SrFe2As2
We have grown single crystals of EuFe2As2 and investigated its electrical transport and thermodynamic properties. Electrical resistivity and specific heat measurements clearly establish the intrinsic nature of magnetic phase transitions at 20 K and 195 K. While the high temperature phase transition is associated with the itinerant moment of Fe, the low temperature phase transition is due to magnetic order of localized Eu-moments. Band structure calculations point out a very close similarity of the electronic structure with SrFe2As2. Magnetically, the Eu and Fe2As2 sublattice are nearly de-coupled.
0806.2876v2
2008-08-05
Suppression of Magnetic Order by Pressure in BaFe2As2
We performed the dc resistivity and the ZF 75As-NMR measurement of BaFe2As2 under high pressure. The T-P phase diagram of BaFe2As2 determined from resistivity anomalies and the ZF 75As-NMR clearly revealed that the SDW anomaly is quite robust against P.
0808.0718v1
2008-10-14
Magnetic Field Induced Instabilities in Localised Two-Dimensional Electron Systems
We report density dependent instabilities in the localised regime of mesoscopic two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) with intermediate strength of background disorder. They are manifested by strong resistance oscillations induced by high perpendicular magnetic fields B_{\perp}. While the amplitude of the oscillations is strongly enhanced with increasing B_{\perp}, their position in density remains unaffected. The observation is accompanied by an unusual behaviour of the temperature dependence of resistance and activation energies. We suggest the interplay between a strongly interacting electron phase and the background disorder as a possible explanation.
0810.2418v1
2009-08-02
Resistivity noise in crystalline magnetic nanowires and its implications to domain formation and kinetics
We have investigated the time-dependent fluctuations in electrical resistance, or noise, in high quality crystalline magnetic nanowires within nanoporous templates. The noise increases exponentially with increasing temperature and magnetic field, and has been analyzed in terms of domain wall depinning within the Neel-Brown framework. The frequency-dependence of noise also indicates a crossover from nondiffusive kinetics to long-range diffusion at higher temperatures, as well as a strong collective depinning, which need to be considered when implementing these nanowires in magnetoelectronic devices.
0908.0136v1
2010-07-07
Selfoscillations of Suspended Carbon Nanotubes with a Deflection Sensitive Resistance under Voltage Bias
We theoretically investigate the electro-mechanics of a Suspended Carbon Nanotube with a Deflection Sensitive Resistance subjected to a homogeneous Magnetic Field and a constant Voltage Bias. We show that, (with the exception of a singular case), for a sufficiently high magnetic field the time-independent state of charge transport through the nanotube becomes unstable to selfexcitations of the mechanical vibration accompanied by oscialltions in the voltage drop and current across the nanotube.
1007.1139v1
2010-07-28
Inelastic contribution of the resistivity in the hidden order in URu2Si2
In the hidden order of URu2Si2 the resistivity at very low temperature shows no T^2 behavior above the transition to superconductivity. However, when entering the antiferromagnetic phase, the Fermi liquid behavior is recovered. We discuss the change of the inelastic term when entering the AF phase with pressure considering the temperature dependence of the Grueneisen parameter at ambient pressure and the influence of superconductivity by an extrapolation of high field data.
1007.4905v1
2010-08-23
Field induced changes across magnetic compensation in Pr(1-x)Gd(x)Al(2) alloys
The magnetic compensation phenomenon has been explored in the Pr(1-x)Gd(x)Al(2) series. The contributions from Pr and Gd moments compensate each other at a specific temperature in the ordered state (below (T(c)). At high fields, the magnetic reorientation (with respect to the external field direction) of the Pr and Gd moments appears as a minimum in the thermomagnetic response. We demonstrate several interesting attributes related with the magnetic reorienation phenomenon, viz., oscillatory behavior of the magneto-resistance, sign change of the anamalous Hall resistivity, fingerprints of field induced changes in the specific heat and ac-susceptibility data.
1008.3782v1
2011-01-14
Hall field-induced resistance oscillations in tilted magnetic fields
We have studied the effect of an in-plane magnetic field on Hall field-induced resistance oscillations in high mobility two-dimensional electron systems. We have found that the oscillation frequency depends only on the perpendicular component of the magnetic field but the oscillation amplitude decays exponentially with an in-plane component. While these findings cannot be accounted for by existing theories of nonlinear transport, our analysis suggests that the decay can be explained by an in-plane magnetic field-induced modification of the quantum scattering rate.
1101.2871v2
2011-02-24
Positive speed for high-degree automaton groups
Mother groups are the basic building blocks for polynomial automaton groups. We show that, in contrast with mother groups of degree 0 or 1, any bounded, symmetric, generating random walk on the mother groups of degree at least 3 has positive speed. The proof is based on an analysis of resistance in fractal mother graphs. We give upper bounds on resistances in these graphs, and show that infinite versions are tran- sient.
1102.4979v1
2011-03-09
An efficient multi-use multi-secret sharing scheme based on hash function
In this paper, a renewable, multi-use, multi-secret sharing scheme for general access structure based on one-way collision resistant hash function is presented in which each participant has to carry only one share. By applying collision-resistant one-way hash function, the proposed scheme is secure against conspiracy attacks even if the pseudo-secret shares are compromised. Moreover, high complexity operations like modular multiplication, exponentiation and inversion are avoided to increase its efficiency. Finally, in the proposed scheme, both the combiner and the participants can verify the correctness of the information exchanged among themselves.
1103.1730v1
2011-05-28
Thermo-Resistive Instability in Magnetar Crusts
We investigate a thermo-resistive instability in the outer crusts of magnetars wherein a perturbation in temperature increases ohmic heating. We show that magnetars of characteristic age {\tau}_{age} ~ 10^4 yr are unstable over timescales as short as days if strong current sheets are present in the outer crust. This instability could play an important role in the thermal and magnetic field evolution of magnetars, and may be related to bursting activity in magnetars.
1105.5712v1
2011-10-10
Non linear transport in drift-diffusion equations under magnetic field
We analyze numerically and analytically the non linear transport properties of a drift-diffusion equation in presence of a magnetic field and of a disorder potential. For a wide range of parameters this model exhibits a plateau where the drift velocity is almost independent on the applied electric field. This behavior has strong similarities with the zero differential resistance states observed experimentally in high mobility two dimensional systems. Performed numerical simulations are in a good global agreement with the developed analytical theory even if the later leads to overestimated negative differential resistance values.
1110.2033v1
2012-08-09
Strange metals at finite 't Hooft coupling
In this paper, we consider the AdS-Schwarzshild black hole in light-cone coordinates which exhibits non-relativistic z=2 Schrodinger symmetry. Then, we use the $AdS/CFT$ correspondence to investigate the effect of finite-coupling corrections to two important properties of the strange metals which are the Ohmic resistivity and the inverse Hall angle. It is shown that the Ohmic resistivity and inverse Hall angle are linear and quadratic temperature dependent in the case of $\mathcal{R}^4$ corrections, respectively. While in the case of Gauss-Bonnet gravity, we find that the inverse Hall angle is quadratic temperature dependent and the Ohmic conductivity can never be linear temperature dependent.
1208.1855v1
2012-11-15
Microwave-induced resistance oscillations in tilted magnetic fields
We have studied the effect of an in-plane magnetic field on microwave-induced resistance oscillations in a high mobility two-dimensional electron system. We have found that the oscillation amplitude decays exponentially with an in-plane component of the magnetic field $B_\parallel$. While these findings cannot be accounted for by existing theories, our analysis suggests that the decay can be explained by a $B_\parallel$-induced correction to the quantum scattering rate, which is quadratic in $B_\parallel$.
1211.3753v1
2013-07-25
Negative differential resistance with graphene channels, interfacing distributed quantum dots in Field-Effect Transistors
Field effect transistors with channels made of graphene layer(s) were explored. The graphene layer(s) contacted a distributed array of well-separated semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The dots were embedded in nano-structured hole-array; each filled hole was occupied by one dot. Differential optical and electrical conductance was observed. Since Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) is key to high-speed elements, such construction may open the door for new electro-photonic devices.
1307.6790v1
2013-09-04
Exploiting negative differential resistance in monolayer graphene FETs for high voltage gains
Through self-consistent quantum transport simulations, we evaluate the RF performance of monolayer graphene FETs in the bias region of negative output differential resistance. We show that, compared to the region of quasi-saturation, a voltage gain larger than 10 can be obtained, at the cost of a decrease in the maximum oscillation frequency of about a factor of 1.5--3 and the need for a careful circuit stabilization.
1309.1105v2
2013-11-01
Fermi liquid breakdown and evidence for superconductivity in YFe$_2$Ge$_2$
In the d-electron system YFe$_2$Ge$_2$, an unusually high and temperature dependent Sommerfeld ratio of the specific heat capacity $C/T \sim 100~\mathrm{mJ/(molK^2)}$ and an anomalous power law temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity $\rho \simeq \rho_0 + AT^{3/2}$ signal Fermi liquid breakdown, probably connected to a close-by quantum critical point. Full resistive transitions, accompanied by DC diamagnetic screening fractions of up to 80\% suggest that pure samples of YFe$_2$Ge$_2$ superconduct below $1.8~\mathrm{K}$.
1311.0247v2
2014-04-28
Resistive Plate Chambers for Imaging Calorimetry - the DHCAL
The DHCAL, the Digital Hadron Calorimeter, is a prototype calorimeter based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs). The design emphasizes the imaging capabilities of the detector in an effort to optimize the calorimeter for the application of Particle Flow Algorithms (PFAs) to the reconstruction of hadronic jet energies in a colliding beam environment. The readout of the chambers is segmented into 1 x 1 cm2 pads, each read out with a 1-bit (single threshold) resolution. The prototype with approximately 500,000 readout channels underwent extensive testing in both the Fermilab and CERN test beams. This talk presents preliminary findings from the analysis of data collected at the test beams.
1404.7046v2
2014-05-07
Thermal effects and switching kinetics in silver/manganite memristive systems: Probing oxygen vacancies diffusion
We investigate the switching kinetics of oxygen vacancies (Ov) diffusion in LPCMO-Ag memristive interfaces by performing experiments on the temperature dependence of the high resistance (HR) state under thermal cycling. Experimental results are well reproduced by numerical simulations based on thermally activated Ov diffusion processes and fundamental assumptions relying on a recent model proposed to explain bipolar resistive switching in manganite- based cells. The confident values obtained for activation energies and diffusion coefficient associated to Ov dynamics, constitute a validation test for both model predictions and Ov diffusion mechanisms in memristive interfaces.
1405.1585v1
2014-06-26
Signal Characteristics of a Resistive-Strip Micromegas Detector with an Integrated Two-Dimensional Readout
In recent years, micropattern gaseous detectors, which comprise a two-dimensional readout structure within one PCB layer, received significant attention in the development of precision and cost-effective tracking detectors in medium and high energy physics experiments. In this article, we present for the first time a systematic performance study of the signal characteristics of a resistive strip micromegas detector with a two-dimensional readout, based on test-beam and X-ray measurements. In particular, comparisons of the response of the two independent readout-layers regarding their signal shapes and signal reconstruction efficiencies are discussed.
1406.6871v1
2016-06-25
Linear and quadratic in temperature resistivity from holography
We present a new black hole solution in the asymptotic Lifshitz spacetime with a hyperscaling violating factor. A novel computational method is introduced to compute the DC thermoelectric conductivities analytically. We find that both the linear-T and quadratic-T contributions to the resistivity can be realized, indicating that a more detailed comparison with experimental phenomenology can be performed in this scenario.
1606.07905v3
2017-02-18
Delta-doped Beta- Gallium Oxide Field Effect Transistor
We report silicon delta doping in Gallium Oxide (\b{eta}-Ga2O3) grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy using a shutter pulsing technique. We describe growth procedures that can be used to realize high Si incorporation in an oxidizing oxygen plasma environment. Delta doping was used to realize thin (12 nm) low-resistance layers with sheet resistance of 320 Ohm/square (mobility of 83 cm^2/Vs, integrated sheet charge of 2.4x10^14 cm^-2). A single delta-doped sheet of carriers was employed as a channel to realize a field effect transistor with current ID,MAX =292 mA/mm and transconductance gM = 27 mS/mm.
1702.06584v1
2017-11-17
An HLLC Riemann Solver for Resistive Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
We present a new approximate Riemann solver for the augmented system of equations of resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RRMHD) that belongs to the family of Harten-Lax-van Leer contact wave (HLLC) solvers. In HLLC solvers, the solution is approximated by two constant states flanked by two shocks separated by a contact wave. The accuracy of the new approximate solver is calibrated through one- and two-dimensional test problems.
1711.06691v2
2018-02-01
MHD simulations of resistive viscous accretion disk around millisecond pulsar
We perform MHD simulations of a thin resistive and viscous accretion disk around a neutron star with the surface dipolar magnetic field of 10$^8$ Gauss. The system evolution is followed during the interval of 500 millisecond pulsar rotations. Matter is accreted through a stable accretion column from the disk onto the star. We also show propagation of the stellar wind through the corona. Analysis of the mass accretion flux and torques on the star shows that the disk reaches the quasi-stationary state.
1802.00261v1
2014-08-01
Nonmetallic Low-Temperature Normal State of K0.70Fe1.46Se1.85Te0.15
The normal-state in-plane resistivity below the zero-field superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ and the upper critical field Hc2 were measured by suppressing superconductivity in pulsed magnetic fields for K0.70Fe1.46Se1.85Te0.15. The normal-state resistivity $\rho_{ab}$ is found to increase logarithmically with decrasing temperature as $\frac{T}{T_c}\rightarrow 0$. Similar to granular metals, our results suggest that a superconductor - insulator transition below zero-field T$_{c}$ may be induced in high magnetic fields. This is related to the intrinsic real-space phase-separated states common to all inhomogeneous superconductors.
1408.0271v1
2020-02-22
Accelerating longitudinal expansion of resistive relativistic-magneto-hydrodynamics in heavy ion collisions
We study the evolution of the longitudinal expansion of an ideal fluid with finite electrical conductivity, which is subject to the EM fields. In the framework of resistive relativistic-magneto-hydrodynamic, we find an exact analytical solution for the EM fields and for the acceleration of the fluid.
2002.09752v1
2012-01-03
Sub-Rayleigh lithography using high flux loss-resistant entangled states of light
Quantum lithography achieves phase super-resolution using fragile, experimentally challenging entangled states of light. We propose a scalable scheme for creating features narrower than classically achievable, with reduced use of quantum resources and consequently enhanced resistance to loss. The scheme is an implementation of interferometric lithography using a mixture of an SPDC entangled state with intense classical coherent light. We measure coincidences of up to four photons mimicking multiphoton absorption. The results show a narrowing of the interference fringes of up to 30% with respect to the best analogous classical scheme using only 10% of the non-classical light required for creating NOON states.
1201.0637v1
2017-08-02
Graphene membrane as a pressure gauge
Straining graphene results in the appearance of a pseudo-magnetic field which alters its local electronic properties. Applying a pressure difference between the two sides of the membrane causes it to bend/bulge resulting in a resistance change. We find that the resistance changes linearly with pressure for bubbles of small radius while the response becomes non-linear for bubbles that stretch almost to the edges of the sample. This is explained as due to the strong interference of propagating electronic modes inside the bubble. Our calculations show that high gauge factors can be obtained in this way which makes graphene a good candidate for pressure sensing.
1708.00678v1
2019-12-18
Large responsivity of graphene radiation detectors with thermoelectric readout
Simple estimations show that the thermoelectric readout in graphene radiation detectors can be extremely effective even for graphene with modest charge-carrier mobility ~1000 cm^2/(Vs). The detector responsivity depends mostly on the residual charge-carrier density and split-gate spacing and can reach competitive values of ~10^3 - 10^4 V/W at room temperature. The optimum characteristics depend on a trade-off between the responsivity and the total device resistance. Finding out the key parameters and their roles allows for simple detectors and their arrays, with high responsivity and sufficiently low resistance matching that of the radiation-receiving antenna structures.
1912.08489v1
2012-03-01
Magnetic and transport properties of iron-platinum arsenide Ca10(Pt4-δAs8)(Fe2-xPtxAs2)5 single crystal
We report superconducting properties of single crystalline Ca10(Pt4-{\delta}As8)(Fe2-xPtxAs2)5 by X-ray diffraction, magnetization, resistivity, and magneto-optical imaging measurements. The magnetization measurements reveal fish-tail hysteresis loop and relatively high critical current density Jc ~ 0.8\times105 A/cm2 at low temperatures. The exponential temperature dependence of Jc, which arises from nonlinear effective flux-creep activation energy, has been observed. Upper critical field determined by resistive transition shows a relatively large anisotropy. The magneto-optical images reveal homogenous current flow within the crystal.
1203.0099v1
2012-03-22
Tungsten silicide films for microwave kinetic inductance detectors
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) provide highly multiplexed arrays of detectors that can be configured to operate from the sub-millimeter to the X-ray regime. We have examined two tungsten silicide alloys (W5Si3 and WSi2), which are dense alloys that provide a critical temperature tunable with composition, large kinetic inductance fraction, and high normal-state resistivity. We have fabricated superconducting resonators and provide measurement data on critical temperature, surface resistance, quality factor, noise, and quasiparticles lifetime. Tungsten silicide appears to be promising for microwave kinetic inductance detectors.
1203.5064v2
2016-09-10
Angular resolution of stacked resistive plate chambers
We present here detailed derivations of mathematical expressions for the accuracy in the arrival direction of particles estimated using a set of stacked resistive plate chambers (RPCs). The expressions are validated against experimental results using data collected from the prototype detectors (without magnet) of the upcoming India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). We also present a theoretical estimate of angular resolution of such a setup. In principle, these expressions can be used for any other detector with an architecture similar to that of RPCs.
1609.03071v2
2016-09-19
Scaling limits of stochastic processes associated with resistance forms
We establish that if a sequence of spaces equipped with resistance metrics and measures converge with respect to the Gromov-Hausdorff-vague topology, and a certain non-explosion condition is satisfied, then the associated stochastic processes also converge. This result generalises previous work on trees, fractals, and various models of random graphs. We further conjecture that it will be applicable to the random walk on the incipient infinite cluster of critical bond percolation on the high-dimensional integer lattice.
1609.05666v1