id stringlengths 24 24 | context stringlengths 158 3.33k | question stringlengths 15 197 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|
5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df | Fresno is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway. When the Interstate Highway System was created in the 1950s, the decision was made to build what is now Interstate 5 on the west side of the Central Valley, and thus bypass many of the population centers in the region, instead of upgrading wh... | Which State Route has been in discussion to upgrade to interstate standards? | {
"text": [
"State Route 99"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
57268066708984140094c825 | In the laboratory, stratigraphers analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores. Stratigraphers also analyze data from geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface. Geophysical data and well logs can be combined to p... | Stratigraphers try to locate areas for what types of extraction? | {
"text": [
"hydrocarbon"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
56beca913aeaaa14008c946e | With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned... | Who fumbled the ball on 3rd-and-9? | {
"text": [
"Newton"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0 | None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states sho... | When was the European Convention on Human Rights established? | {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c | Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies, ctenophores are extremely rare as fossils, and fossils that have been interpreted as ctenophores have been found only in lagerstätten, places where the environment was exceptionally suited to preservation of soft tissue. Until the mid-1990s only two specimens good enough for an... | Why are ctenophores extremely rare as fossils? | {
"text": [
"their soft, gelatinous bodies"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
57286951ff5b5019007da211 | In business, notable alumni include Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison, Goldman Sachs and MF Global CEO as well as former Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine, McKinsey & Company founder and author of the first management accounting textbook James O.... | What Goldman Sachs CEO is also an alumni of the University of Chicago? | {
"text": [
"Jon Corzine"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
572ff673b2c2fd140056866a | The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn. Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used. However, this name is also... | Where does the Delta in the Netherlands begin? | {
"text": [
"near Millingen aan de Rijn"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
572811434b864d190016438c | Since the 2005 revival, the Doctor generally travels with a primary female companion, who occupies a larger narrative role. Steven Moffat described the companion as the main character of the show, as the story begins anew with each companion and she undergoes more change than the Doctor. The primary companions of the N... | Since 2005, what is the gender of Doctor Who's primary traveling companion? | {
"text": [
"female"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
57115ff82419e314009555c3 | A steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft, alternating with a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing. The rotors have a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge. Steam acts upon these blades, producing rotary motion. The stator consists ... | What is another term for rotors? | {
"text": [
"rotating discs"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
572669a9dd62a815002e8419 | The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks. As organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world, their presence or (sometimes) absence may be used to provide a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William S... | The presence or absence of what can be used to determine the relative age of the formations in which they are found? | {
"text": [
"organisms"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
572659535951b619008f7042 | Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM rad... | Name a luxury division of Toyota. | {
"text": [
"Lexus"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
57268527708984140094c8c2 | James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist. In 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In his paper, he explained his theory that the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and ... | What was the main idea of James Hutton's paper? | {
"text": [
"Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29 | French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settleme... | What was Fort Caroline renamed to after the Spanish attack? | {
"text": [
"San Mateo"
],
"answer_start": [
731
]
} |
56e1254ae3433e1400422c66 | However, his religious views remain uncertain due to other statements that he made. For example, in his article, "A Machine to End War", published in 1937, Tesla stated: | What article was published in 1937? | {
"text": [
"\"A Machine to End War\""
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
5728202c4b864d19001644ef | Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged "wrong" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue. Revolutionary civil di... | Revolutionary civil disobedience towards culture is highlighted by example of who? | {
"text": [
"Gandhi's"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
} |
57280f0d3acd2414000df35e | The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child, shows that the Doctor has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman. In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen, when Victoria Waterfield doubts the Doctor can remember his family because of, "being so ancient", the Doctor says that he can when he really wants to—"The rest of the ti... | In 2005, what did Doctor Who think the condition of his home planet was? | {
"text": [
"destroyed"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
5705f7c875f01819005e77dd | Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of... | Although southern california consts of a heavily developed urban environment, how much of it has been left undeveloped? | {
"text": [
"vast areas"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
5725d79e89a1e219009abf91 | After an unmanned LM test flight AS-206, a crew would fly the first Block II CSM and LM in a dual mission known as AS-207/208, or AS-278 (each spacecraft would be launched on a separate Saturn IB.) The Block II crew positions were titled Commander (CDR) Command Module Pilot (CMP) and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP). The astro... | What were the astronauts wearing during the dual mission AS-278? | {
"text": [
"new Apollo spacesuit"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0 | Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands,... | What type of assistance to out of town students is the Muslim Brotherhood known for? | {
"text": [
"shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
57302700a23a5019007fce8c | For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi. His National Islamic Front first gained influence when strongman General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979. Turabi built a powerful economic base with money from foreign Islamist banking systems, es... | How did Turabi build a strong economic base? | {
"text": [
"money from foreign Islamist banking systems"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
5727515f708984140094dc12 | Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Ac... | In what year was the South African Schools Act passed? | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8 | Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154 He lived most of his life i... | What was named "The Tesla" in his honor? | {
"text": [
"SI unit of magnetic flux density"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
5733fb7bd058e614000b6701 | Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General L... | When did England formally declare war on France? | {
"text": [
"May 18, 1756"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c | The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid. Without the pressure reaching supercritical levels for the working fluid, the temperature range the cycle can operate over is quite small; in steam turbines, turbine entry temperatures are typically 565 °C (the creep limit of stainless steel) an... | What is the turbine entry temperature of a steam turbine, in degrees Celsius? | {
"text": [
"565 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
57274e0d708984140094dbe7 | The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, ... | In modern times, firms may offer themselves as what for a construction project? | {
"text": [
"\"one-stop shopping\""
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
5725c604271a42140099d186 | Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of t... | When was this committee by Seaman established? | {
"text": [
"July 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
57281ab63acd2414000df496 | Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new pu... | Who was responsible for the new building projects in Jacksonville? | {
"text": [
"Mayor W. Haydon Burns"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
5706074552bb8914006897d7 | Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area, eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population. These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,786,41... | What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carslbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form? | {
"text": [
"Southern Border Region"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
5726a5525951b619008f78df | Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam. The UK subsequently adopted the main legislation previously agreed under the Agr... | Which directive mentioned was created in 1994? | {
"text": [
"Works Council Directive"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422 | After leaving Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had desig... | What was the name of the company the businessmen financed? | {
"text": [
"Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
5725dc1638643c19005ace03 | The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits, which delayed the sealing of the hatch. Then, communications problems frustrated the astronauts and forced a hold in the simulated countdown. During this hol... | What happened during the plugs-out test during the delay for the spacesuit odor? | {
"text": [
"electrical fire"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5 | For a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used. The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M on input x is the total number of state transitions, or steps, the machine makes before it ha... | What is the expression used to identify any given series of problems capable of being solved within time on a deterministic Turing machine? | {
"text": [
"DTIME(f(n))"
],
"answer_start": [
873
]
} |
57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0 | The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves. These clades (which are thought to be extinct) were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medieval... | What do the strains of y. pestis suggest abut the plague? | {
"text": [
"the plague may have entered Europe in two waves"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
5727aec03acd2414000de992 | The University is organized into eleven separate academic units—ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study—with campuses throughout the Boston metropolitan area: its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, approximately 3 miles (5 km) northwest of Boston; the business sc... | What is the size of the school's endowment? | {
"text": [
"$37.6 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592 | Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice P... | Who is the General Manager for the Broncos? | {
"text": [
"John Elway"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
56d6f3500d65d21400198294 | The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24 and boasting four Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl defensive tackle Kawann Short led the team in sacks with 11, while also forcing three fumbles and recovering two. Fellow lineman Mario Addison ad... | Which player had the most interceptions for the season? | {
"text": [
"Kurt Coleman"
],
"answer_start": [
900
]
} |
572a1046af94a219006aa790 | Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic, wrote in 2001 that, "The view that income inequality harms growth – or that improved equality can help sustain growth – has become mor... | What has been the main reason for the shift to the view that income inequality harms growth? | {
"text": [
"increasing importance of human capital in development"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
572a0e4b6aef051400155216 | The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated. The simplest approach is to rapidly change non-essential epitopes (amino acids and/or sugars) on the surface of the pathogen, while keeping essential epitopes concealed. This is called antigenic variation. An example is HIV, which mutates rap... | What is an example of a parasite that used the antigenic variation strategy to evade destruction? | {
"text": [
"Trypanosoma brucei"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679 | Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida and is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and about 340 miles (550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inha... | Prior to the arrival of the French, the area now known as Jacksonville was previously inhabited by what people? | {
"text": [
"the Timucua"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
56dfb5777aa994140058e023 | After leaving Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had desig... | What did Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing do? | {
"text": [
"installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
572940973f37b319004781a5 | This projection was not included in the final summary for policymakers. The IPCC has since acknowledged that the date is incorrect, while reaffirming that the conclusion in the final summary was robust. They expressed regret for "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance". The date of 20... | What did the IPCC say was mistaken? | {
"text": [
"the date"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2 | Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development. According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that gro... | How long does it take for the effects to manifest as changes to economic growth? | {
"text": [
"several years"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad | The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt wit... | Who won Super Bowl XLIX? | {
"text": [
"New England Patriots"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
5727d1c93acd2414000ded42 | Undergraduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as "more selective, lower transfer-in". Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants for the class of 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities. Harvard College ended its early admissions program... | In what year was an early admission program reintroduced? | {
"text": [
"2016"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
56e7796637bdd419002c3fff | In the United States, each state determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools. Teaching certification generally lasts three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years. Public school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree and the majority must b... | What must a public school teacher have, at a minimum? | {
"text": [
"bachelor's degree"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
57338007d058e614000b5bdb | Throughout its existence, Warsaw has been a multi-cultural city. According to the 1901 census, out of 711,988 inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics, 35.7% Jews, 5% Greek orthodox Christians and 2.8% Protestants. Eight years later, in 1909, there were 281,754 Jews (36.9%), 18,189 Protestants (2.4%) and 2,818 Mariavites (0.4%... | What was Warsaw's population in 1901? | {
"text": [
"711,988"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
56f86e91aef237190062606b | Published at a time of rising demand for German-language publications, Luther's version quickly became a popular and influential Bible translation. As such, it made a significant contribution to the evolution of the German language and literature. Furnished with notes and prefaces by Luther, and with woodcuts by Lucas ... | Whose English translation of the Bible did the Luther Bible influence? | {
"text": [
"William Tyndale"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} |
56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe | Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation. | What did Lady Gaga sing? | {
"text": [
"the national anthem"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
571cd3b55efbb31900334e04 | Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers to increase the partial pressure of O
2 around the patient and, when needed, the medical staff. Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices. Increased O
2 concentration in the... | What does increased oxygen concentrations in the patient's lungs displace? | {
"text": [
"carbon monoxide"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
572968cf1d046914007793cc | Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome. Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco. Since then, hundreds of chloroplast DNAs from various spec... | What is a synonym for chloroplast DNA? | {
"text": [
"the plastome"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
57273f9d708984140094db53 | However, a problem emerged regarding the directions taken by ABC and UPT. In 1950, Noble appointed Robert Kintner to be ABC's president while he himself served as its CEO, a position he would hold until his death in 1958. Despite the promise of non-interference between ABC and UPT, Goldenson had to intervene in ABC's d... | Under Goldenson's merger plan, what would the new entity be named? | {
"text": [
"ABC-DuMont"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
} |
572a1046af94a219006aa78f | Economist Joseph Stiglitz presented evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand. Economist Branko Milanovic, wrote in 2001 that, "The view that income inequality harms growth – or that improved equality can help sustain growth – has become mor... | What are both Branko Milanovic and Joseph Stiglitz? | {
"text": [
"Economist"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
57284d484b864d1900164900 | After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles. In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen); a series of arts... | During what decade did the campus start to look more modern? | {
"text": [
"the 1940s"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff | Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation. | What award has Marlee Matlin won? | {
"text": [
"Academy Award"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f | Undergraduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as "more selective, lower transfer-in". Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants for the class of 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities. Harvard College ended its early admissions program... | What is the applicant admission rate for class of 2019? | {
"text": [
"5.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
5725f00938643c19005aced7 | The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney, which extends from Fresno Street in Southwest Fresno about 20 mi (32 km) west to Kerman, California. A small, two-lane rural road for most of its length, Kearney Boulevard is lined with tall palm tr... | Who is Kearney Boulevard named after? | {
"text": [
"M. Theo Kearney"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3 | In past times, corporal punishment (spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain) was one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United St... | How common was the form of corporal punishment in the past? | {
"text": [
"one of the most common"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0 | The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24 and boasting four Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl defensive tackle Kawann Short led the team in sacks with 11, while also forcing three fumbles and recovering two. Fellow lineman Mario Addison ad... | How many interceptions did Josh Norman score touchdowns with in 2015? | {
"text": [
"two."
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
572750e8dd62a815002e9af4 | The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements. Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner. Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad – bridge collapses or explosions. Other legal require... | Who may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built? | {
"text": [
"An attorney"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
572881d34b864d1900164a5d | Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospita... | What aspect of Western medicine did the Chinese dislike? | {
"text": [
"its humoral system"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
56dfb5777aa994140058e025 | After leaving Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had desig... | What was produced at tesla's company? | {
"text": [
"electrical arc light based illumination systems"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
573380e0d058e614000b5be9 | The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina). A city is also a commune – but with the city charter. Both cities and communes are governed by a mayor – but in the communes the mayor is vogt (wójt in Polish), however in the cities – burmistrz. Some bigger cities obtain the entitlements, i.e. task... | What is the basic unit of territorial division in Poland? | {
"text": [
"commune"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5 | The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth to the present, but this compresses the most recent eon. Therefore, the second scale shows the most recent eon with an expanded scale. The second scale compresses the most recent era, so the most r... | What is the name of the latest epoch? | {
"text": [
"The Holocene"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
5726975c708984140094cb1f | Since its founding, the EU has operated among an increasing plurality of national and globalising legal systems. This has meant both the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts have had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems. Within the EU itself, the Court of Jus... | Which entities have had to develop principles dedicated to conflict resolution between laws of different systems? | {
"text": [
"the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3 | Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975, but based on the 1855 colonial constitution, passed by the United Kingdom Parliament as the Victoria Constitution Act 1855, which establishes the Parliament as the state's law-making body for matters coming under state responsibility. The Victorian Constitution can b... | What document formed the Parliament of Victoria? | {
"text": [
"Victoria Constitution Act 1855"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae | The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game. They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 20–18, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt wit... | What was the final score of the AFC Championship Game? | {
"text": [
"20–18"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
56d726b60d65d214001983ee | With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned... | How much time was left in the game when Denver took the score to 24-10? | {
"text": [
"3:08"
],
"answer_start": [
820
]
} |
57280f0d3acd2414000df35f | The programme's first serial, An Unearthly Child, shows that the Doctor has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman. In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen, when Victoria Waterfield doubts the Doctor can remember his family because of, "being so ancient", the Doctor says that he can when he really wants to—"The rest of the ti... | In what episode did Doctor Who acknowledge having had a brother? | {
"text": [
"Smith and Jones"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
5728eef92ca10214002daab0 | Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients, as in the case of the Camden 28, in which the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time. In some mass arrest situations, the activists decide to use solidarity tactics to secure the sa... | What type of punishment is sometimes offered to civil disobedients? | {
"text": [
"plea bargain"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05 | The advances made in the Middle East in botany and chemistry led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology. Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) (865–915), for instance, acted to promote the medical uses of chemical compounds. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) (936–1013) pioneered the preparatio... | Who was influential in promoting the use of chemical compounds as medicines? | {
"text": [
"Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
5728e715ff5b5019007da918 | Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that "although civil disobedients are constrained in their... | How can you protest against big companies in a non violent way? | {
"text": [
"padlocking the gates"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53 | where is the relevant cross-sectional area for the volume for which the stress-tensor is being calculated. This formalism includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals of the tensor) as well as shear terms associated with forces that act parallel to th... | What are associated with normal forces? | {
"text": [
"pressure terms"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
57276166dd62a815002e9bd8 | ABC dominated the American television landscape during the 1970s and early 1980s (by 1980, the three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.). Several flagship series debuted on the network during this time including Dynasty, an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a ... | What percentage of prime-time TV viewership did the three big networks represent in 1980? | {
"text": [
"90%"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
57286951ff5b5019007da210 | In business, notable alumni include Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison, Goldman Sachs and MF Global CEO as well as former Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine, McKinsey & Company founder and author of the first management accounting textbook James O.... | Who is the third riches man in America? | {
"text": [
"Larry Ellison"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
56d7253b0d65d214001983d5 | Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation. | What actor did sign language for the National Anthem at Superbowl 50? | {
"text": [
"Marlee Matlin"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
57281ab63acd2414000df495 | Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new pu... | What term referred to middle class citizens leaving the suburbs? | {
"text": [
"white flight"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb | The costume collection is the most comprehensive in Britain, containing over 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present. Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department. Because everyday clothing from previous eras has not gen... | In which year did the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection? | {
"text": [
"1913"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd | Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archetypal "mad scientist". His patents earned him a considerable amount of money, much of which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.:121,154 He lived most of his life i... | What did the General Conference on Weights and Measures name after Tesla in 1960? | {
"text": [
"SI unit of magnetic flux density"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
5726449f1125e71900ae1929 | Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of anim... | What event happened 66 million years ago? | {
"text": [
"Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction"
],
"answer_start": [
722
]
} |
5726385e271a42140099d79a | In connectionless mode each packet includes complete addressing information. The packets are routed individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers. It may also be labeled with the sequence number of the ... | What happens to the packet at the destination | {
"text": [
"the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number"
],
"answer_start": [
881
]
} |
573380e0d058e614000b5beb | The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina). A city is also a commune – but with the city charter. Both cities and communes are governed by a mayor – but in the communes the mayor is vogt (wójt in Polish), however in the cities – burmistrz. Some bigger cities obtain the entitlements, i.e. task... | In what districts are the registration numbers for cars all of the same type? | {
"text": [
"Kraków"
],
"answer_start": [
1085
]
} |
5728848cff5b5019007da29a | The historian Frederick W. Mote wrote that the usage of the term "social classes" for this system was misleading and that the position of people within the four-class system was not an indication of their actual social power and wealth, but just entailed "degrees of privilege" to which they were entitled institutionall... | There were many Chinese with what unexpected status? | {
"text": [
"rich and well socially standing"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd | The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amen... | In what years did Spain and Portugal join the European Union? | {
"text": [
"1985"
],
"answer_start": [
889
]
} |
5725bad5271a42140099d0c1 | On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur. This renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices. At the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US a... | Why did the Shah of Iran gave an interview? | {
"text": [
"renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
57339c16d058e614000b5ec6 | Nearby, in Ogród Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939, and in the inter-war period, the theatre complex also included Momus, Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram. The Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre (1922–26), was the best example of "Poli... | Where was the Summer Theatre located? | {
"text": [
"Saxon Garden"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595 | Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice P... | How many teams has Manning played for that reached the Super Bowl, while he was on their team? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420 | After leaving Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had desig... | What were the names of Tesla's new partners? | {
"text": [
"Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
572648e8dd62a815002e8077 | Ranging from about 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) in size, ctenophores are the largest non-colonial animals that use cilia ("hairs") as their main method of locomotion. Most species have eight strips, called comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands of cilia, called "ctenes... | What are cilia used for? | {
"text": [
"method of locomotion"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
5729e2316aef0514001550c6 | The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ... | How many nations are within the Amazon Basin? | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7 | Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455–1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During t... | Where did this pro-reform leader teach? | {
"text": [
"University of Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
5725f00938643c19005acedb | The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney, which extends from Fresno Street in Southwest Fresno about 20 mi (32 km) west to Kerman, California. A small, two-lane rural road for most of its length, Kearney Boulevard is lined with tall palm tr... | What area of Brookhaven is still known for its high levels of crime? | {
"text": [
"The isolated subdivision"
],
"answer_start": [
701
]
} |
57284b904b864d19001648e2 | The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus, which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles, were part of a "master plan" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb. The Main Quadrangles consist of six quadrangles, each surrounded by buildings, ... | What are the first buildings the university built knows as today? | {
"text": [
"the Main Quadrangles"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae | Fresno is served by State Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168, the Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of Clovis and Huntington Lake. State Route 41 (Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway) comes into Fresno from Atascadero ... | What is another name for State Route 168? | {
"text": [
"Sierra Freeway"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
57269698dd62a815002e8a70 | The city has two universities — Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle University is now one o... | What university won the award for Most IT enabled organisation? | {
"text": [
"Northumbria University"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
57265e455951b619008f70bc | Since its founding, the EU has operated among an increasing plurality of national and globalising legal systems. This has meant both the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts have had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems. Within the EU itself, the Court of Jus... | What was the reason the Italian Constitutional court gave that resulted in Mr. Costa losing his his claim against ENEL? | {
"text": [
"because the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958, Costa had no claim"
],
"answer_start": [
924
]
} |
57114667a58dae1900cd6d80 | The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator. Early versions were in use by 1851, but the most successful indicator was developed for the high speed engine inventor and manufacturer Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862. T... | What instrument is used to examine steam engine performance? | {
"text": [
"steam engine indicator"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
5728848cff5b5019007da299 | The historian Frederick W. Mote wrote that the usage of the term "social classes" for this system was misleading and that the position of people within the four-class system was not an indication of their actual social power and wealth, but just entailed "degrees of privilege" to which they were entitled institutionall... | What did Mote think the Yuan class system really represented? | {
"text": [
"degrees of privilege"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
56d20650e7d4791d00902614 | Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation. | Who sang the national anthem? | {
"text": [
"Lady Gaga"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877 | In 1900, Tesla was granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy" and "an electrical transmitter." When Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents, though there is little to support this claim. This was th... | When did Tesla attain his electrical transmitter patent? | {
"text": [
"1900"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57096b66200fba1400367fa7 | On 8 February 2007, BSkyB announced its intention to replace its three free-to-air digital terrestrial channels with four subscription channels. It was proposed that these channels would offer a range of content from the BSkyB portfolio including sport (including English Premier League Football), films, entertainment a... | When did BSkyB announce it's intention to replace it's free-to-air digital channels? | {
"text": [
"8 February 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
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