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train · 963 rows

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573088da069b53140083216b	The Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries. These societies also served as a space for travellers to share these stories.Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germ...	Where was Friedrich Ratzel born?	{ "text": [ "Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 316 ] }
572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6	The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth to the present, but this compresses the most recent eon. Therefore, the second scale shows the most recent eon with an expanded scale. The second scale compresses the most recent era, so the most r...	The Pleistocene epoch takes place during which period?	{ "text": [ "Quaternary" ], "answer_start": [ 787 ] }
570d47b8b3d812140066d62d	There are also several smaller freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge. However, the interstate trunk routes, as well as a number of branch lines in the west of the state have been...	What is the gauge of the Victorian rail lines?	{ "text": [ "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }
5733d68ed058e614000b637f	British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along the eastern coast of the continent, from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia in the south. Many of the older colonies had land claims that extended arbitrarily far to the west, as the extent of the cont...	What was the ratio of British settler to French?	{ "text": [ "20 to 1" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
5729e2316aef0514001550c4	The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica, Amazonía or usually Amazonia; French: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This ...	What kind of forest is the Amazon rainforest?	{ "text": [ "moist broadleaf forest" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }
570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3	The centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP), the centre-right Liberal Party of Australia, the rural-based National Party of Australia, and the environmentalist Australian Greens are Victoria's main political parties. Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's working class western and northern suburbs, and the r...	What political party is strongest in Melbourne's working class suburbs?	{ "text": [ "Australian Labor Party" ], "answer_start": [ 16 ] }
572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b	Under the terms of the Scotland Act 1978, an elected assembly would be set up in Edinburgh provided that the majority of the Scottish electorate voted for it in a referendum to be held on 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved ...	How did trying to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly go in 1979?	{ "text": [ "failed" ], "answer_start": [ 338 ] }
5726938af1498d1400e8e448	While the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process. According to the Treaty on European Union articles 9 and 10, the EU observes "the principle of equality of its citizens" and is m...	When did the first direct elections take place?	{ "text": [ "1979" ], "answer_start": [ 1184 ] }
572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1	While the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process. According to the Treaty on European Union articles 9 and 10, the EU observes "the principle of equality of its citizens" and is m...	How much of a voting majority must there be to effectively censure the Commission?	{ "text": [ "a two-thirds majority" ], "answer_start": [ 2740 ] }
57286951ff5b5019007da212	In business, notable alumni include Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in America Larry Ellison, Goldman Sachs and MF Global CEO as well as former Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine, McKinsey & Company founder and author of the first management accounting textbook James O....	Who founded McKinsey & Company?	{ "text": [ "James O. McKinsey" ], "answer_start": [ 312 ] }
5727515f708984140094dc14	Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Ac...	In South Africa, along with privately governed schools, what schools are classified as independent?	{ "text": [ "traditional private" ], "answer_start": [ 430 ] }
57293e221d046914007791d8	The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence...	What is the scenario called in which we don't change our greenhouse gas creation practices?	{ "text": [ "\"business as usual\" (BAU)" ], "answer_start": [ 423 ] }
5727c94bff5b5019007d954d	Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan popula...	In which county does Jacksonville reside?	{ "text": [ "Duval County" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
572870b2ff5b5019007da223	In economics, notable Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winners Milton Friedman, a major advisor to Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, George Stigler, Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory, Gary Becker, an important contributor ...	What British Prime minister advisor is also a university alumni member?	{ "text": [ "George Stigler" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
5725c337271a42140099d163	Almost all ctenophores are predators, taking prey ranging from microscopic larvae and rotifers to the adults of small crustaceans; the exceptions are juveniles of two species, which live as parasites on the salps on which adults of their species feed. In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own ...	How many species of Ctenophora have been validated?	{ "text": [ "100–150" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }
572968cf1d046914007793cf	Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome. Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco. Since then, hundreds of chloroplast DNAs from various spec...	Who sequenced the first plastome?	{ "text": [ "two Japanese research teams" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }
572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d	Under the terms of the Scotland Act 1978, an elected assembly would be set up in Edinburgh provided that the majority of the Scottish electorate voted for it in a referendum to be held on 1 March 1979 that represented at least 40% of the total electorate. The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved ...	What percentage of Scotland's voting population failed to actually vote?	{ "text": [ "32.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 517 ] }
56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6	Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.	Who did the sign language of the National Anthem at Super Bowl 50?	{ "text": [ "Marlee Matlin" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
5728f2e26aef051400154899	Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe ...	What acquired condition results in immunodeficiency in humans?	{ "text": [ "HIV/AIDS" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
56d7253b0d65d214001983d4	Six-time Grammy winner and Academy Award nominee Lady Gaga performed the national anthem, while Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.	Who did the National Anthem at Super Bowl 50?	{ "text": [ "Lady Gaga" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
5729281baf94a219006aa122	Kenya is active in several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing. The country is known chiefly for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics, having consistently produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions in various distance events, especially in 800 m, 1,500 m...	What countries does Kenya compete with for long distance running?	{ "text": [ "Morocco and Ethiopia" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577	The Harvard Business School and many of the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston. The John W. Weeks Bridge is a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River connecting both campuses. The Harvard Medical School, Harva...	What is the name of the bridge that joins parts of the campus of the Charles River?	{ "text": [ "John W. Weeks Bridge" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c	Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] s...	What was Ghandi's work called?	{ "text": [ "Satyagraha" ], "answer_start": [ 519 ] }
5726449f1125e71900ae192a	Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of anim...	Cypiddids are not what?	{ "text": [ "monophyletic" ], "answer_start": [ 859 ] }
5726ea985951b619008f8262	Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. "cognitive services") than on actual dispensing of drugs. Consultant pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes, but are increasingly branching into other institutions and non-institutional settings. Traditionally consultant pharmacists ...	Where do a majority of consultant pharmacists tend to work?	{ "text": [ "nursing homes" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a	In 1900, Tesla was granted patents for a "system of transmitting electrical energy" and "an electrical transmitter." When Guglielmo Marconi made his famous first-ever transatlantic radio transmission in 1901, Tesla quipped that it was done with 17 Tesla patents, though there is little to support this claim. This was th...	When were Tesla's patents restored?	{ "text": [ "1943" ], "answer_start": [ 476 ] }
570d3468b3d812140066d547	Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlini...	What brand of car is manufactured in Broadmeadows?	{ "text": [ "Ford" ], "answer_start": [ 449 ] }
57265642f1498d1400e8dc69	In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 ...	The black plague ravaged Europe for three years followed by what country?	{ "text": [ "Russia" ], "answer_start": [ 235 ] }
56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593	Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls. He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39. The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice P...	How old was Elway during his Super Bowl XXXIII win?	{ "text": [ "38" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }
572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2	The following four timelines show the geologic time scale. The first shows the entire time from the formation of the Earth to the present, but this compresses the most recent eon. Therefore, the second scale shows the most recent eon with an expanded scale. The second scale compresses the most recent era, so the most r...	Why is the second timeline needed?	{ "text": [ "compresses the most recent era" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }
57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0	Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies, ctenophores are extremely rare as fossils, and fossils that have been interpreted as ctenophores have been found only in lagerstätten, places where the environment was exceptionally suited to preservation of soft tissue. Until the mid-1990s only two specimens good enough for an...	What did the fossils found in the Burgess Shale lack?	{ "text": [ "tentacles" ], "answer_start": [ 609 ] }
572968cf1d046914007793ce	Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA. It is also known as the plastome. Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco. Since then, hundreds of chloroplast DNAs from various spec...	When was the first plastome sequenced?	{ "text": [ "1986" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602	The correlation between capitalism, aristocracy, and imperialism has long been debated among historians and political theorists. Much of the debate was pioneered by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858–1940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883–1950), Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929), and Norman Angell (1872–1967). While these non-Mar...	When was the military-political complex reflected upon within the scope of understanding imperialism?	{ "text": [ "1950s" ], "answer_start": [ 620 ] }
5729281baf94a219006aa121	Kenya is active in several sports, among them cricket, rallying, football, rugby union and boxing. The country is known chiefly for its dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics, having consistently produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games champions in various distance events, especially in 800 m, 1,500 m...	Who dominates the world of long distance running?	{ "text": [ "Kenyan athletes (particularly Kalenjin)" ], "answer_start": [ 380 ] }
572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6	Islamism is a controversial concept not just because it posits a political role for Islam but also because its supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error. Scholars and observers who do not believe that Islam is merely a political ideolog...	What do supporters of Islamism believe their views reflect?	{ "text": [ "Islam" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
5726938af1498d1400e8e446	While the Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process. According to the Treaty on European Union articles 9 and 10, the EU observes "the principle of equality of its citizens" and is m...	Which entity has a monopoly on initiating legislation?	{ "text": [ "the Commission" ], "answer_start": [ 6 ] }
5725f00938643c19005aced8	The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney, which extends from Fresno Street in Southwest Fresno about 20 mi (32 km) west to Kerman, California. A small, two-lane rural road for most of its length, Kearney Boulevard is lined with tall palm tr...	What kinds of trees is Kearney Boulevard lined with?	{ "text": [ "tall palm trees" ], "answer_start": [ 308 ] }
56e16182e3433e1400422e29	Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other. A computational problem is understood to be a task that is in principle amenable t...	By what main attribute are computational problems classified utilizing computational complexity theory?	{ "text": [ "inherent difficulty" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
57273a465951b619008f86ff	Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry...	What is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure?	{ "text": [ "Construction" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56d726b60d65d214001983eb	With 4:51 left in regulation, Carolina got the ball on their own 24-yard line with a chance to mount a game-winning drive, and soon faced 3rd-and-9. On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned...	Who recovered the strip ball?	{ "text": [ "Ward" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
57115bf350c2381900b54a95	Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of st...	How many cylinders does the Energiprojekt AB engine have?	{ "text": [ "5" ], "answer_start": [ 439 ] }
5726a5525951b619008f78dd	Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam. The UK subsequently adopted the main legislation previously agreed under the Agr...	What lead to the UK to subscribe to the agreement on Social Policy?	{ "text": [ "the election of the UK Labour Party to government" ], "answer_start": [ 10 ] }
5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a	Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action. It is perhaps the first modern[vague] s...	What was the principle shown in The Mark of Anarchy?	{ "text": [ "nonviolent protest" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
572669a9dd62a815002e8417	The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks. As organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world, their presence or (sometimes) absence may be used to provide a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William S...	Whose principles were the principle of faunal succession built upon?	{ "text": [ "William Smith" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16	After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney. The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October ...	Where was the location of the colonial government that administered the new colony?	{ "text": [ "Sydney" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
57281a952ca10214002d9ded	The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and ...	What was the last Doctor Who episode that Dudley Simpson wrote music for?	{ "text": [ "The Horns of Nimon" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20	A further type of committee is normally set up to scrutinise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament by an outside party or promoter who is not a member of the Scottish Parliament or Scottish Government. Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that re...	What topic do private bills typically have?	{ "text": [ "large-scale development projects" ], "answer_start": [ 248 ] }
5706074552bb8914006897d8	Southern California consists of one Combined Statistical Area, eight Metropolitan Statistical Areas, one international metropolitan area, and multiple metropolitan divisions. The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population. These are the Greater Los Angeles Area at 17,786,41...	What is the population of the Greater Los Angeles Area?	{ "text": [ "17,786,419" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
5725dc1638643c19005ace04	The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits, which delayed the sealing of the hatch. Then, communications problems frustrated the astronauts and forced a hold in the simulated countdown. During this hol...	What happened to the crew onboard during the plugs-out test?	{ "text": [ "asphyxiated" ], "answer_start": [ 589 ] }
56e77da237bdd419002c403d	In Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama. A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.	What is the name of a Bodhisattva vow?	{ "text": [ "Tulku" ], "answer_start": [ 235 ] }
573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae	Cultural imperialism is when a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e. its soft power, such that it changes the moral, cultural and societal worldview of another. This is more than just "foreign" music, television or film becoming popular with young people, but that popular culture changing the...	When imperialism impacts social norms of a state, what is it called?	{ "text": [ "Cultural imperialism" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4	In India, private schools are called independent schools, but since some private schools receive financial aid from the government, it can be an aided or an unaided school. So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school. For the purpose of this definition, only receipt of financial aid is cons...	What is the term for an Indian private school?	{ "text": [ "independent schools" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }
570966e0200fba1400367f53	BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box. Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 st...	What does most of the HD material use as a standard?	{ "text": [ "DVB-S2" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
5725c604271a42140099d188	Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of t...	Who was hired to be the deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight?	{ "text": [ "Joseph Shea" ], "answer_start": [ 720 ] }
572a11663f37b31900478696	In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with ...	What is inequality associated with higher levels of?	{ "text": [ "fertility" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
572957ad1d046914007792dc	Somewhere around a billion years ago, a free-living cyanobacterium entered an early eukaryotic cell, either as food or as an internal parasite, but managed to escape the phagocytic vacuole it was contained in. The two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts correspond to the outer and inner mem...	What kind of membrane came from the host?	{ "text": [ "phagosomal" ], "answer_start": [ 398 ] }
5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc	In most jurisdictions (such as the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public, and that pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payme...	What body has stated that physicians can also dispense drugs under specific conditions?	{ "text": [ "the American Medical Association (AMA)" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
5729582b1d046914007792e5	These chloroplasts, which can be traced back directly to a cyanobacterial ancestor, are known as primary plastids ("plastid" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts belong to one of three chloroplast lineages—the glaucophyte chloroplast lineage, the rhodophyte, or red algal...	What does rhodophyte mean?	{ "text": [ "red algal chloroplast lineage" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
5726241189a1e219009ac2e1	The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security. On an international level, the price increases changed competitive positions in many industries, such as automobiles. Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary...	The oil crisis caused oil companies to increase oil supplies in which area?	{ "text": [ "Arctic" ], "answer_start": [ 445 ] }
57284b904b864d19001648e5	The first buildings of the University of Chicago campus, which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles, were part of a "master plan" conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb. The Main Quadrangles consist of six quadrangles, each surrounded by buildings, ...	The Mitchell Tower is designed to look like what Oxford tower?	{ "text": [ "Magdalen Tower" ], "answer_start": [ 669 ] }
572a11663f37b31900478694	In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with ...	Inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has what kind of effect on human capital formation?	{ "text": [ "detrimental" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9	The costume collection is the most comprehensive in Britain, containing over 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present. Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department. Because everyday clothing from previous eras has not gen...	Which department houses the works on paper of the costume collection?	{ "text": [ "Word and Image" ], "answer_start": [ 237 ] }
57296f293f37b319004783a5	The property of being prime (or not) is called primality. A simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n is known as trial division. It consists of testing whether n is a multiple of any integer between 2 and . Algorithms much more efficient than trial division have been devised to test the pri...	What is the name of one algorithm useful for conveniently testing the primality of large numbers?	{ "text": [ "Miller–Rabin primality test" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
5726a5525951b619008f78e0	Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam. The UK subsequently adopted the main legislation previously agreed under the Agr...	When was the Parental Leave directive created?	{ "text": [ "1996" ], "answer_start": [ 440 ] }
5727515f708984140094dc11	Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Ac...	What South African law recognized two types of schools?	{ "text": [ "South African Schools Act" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }
572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e	As in the House of Commons, a number of qualifications apply to being an MSP. Such qualifications were introduced under the House of Commons Disqualification Act 1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981. Specifically, members must be over the age of 18 and must be a citizen of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Irela...	When was the British Nationality Act passed?	{ "text": [ "1981" ], "answer_start": [ 199 ] }
5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e	None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights. It was not envisaged for European Union measures, that is legislative and administrative actions by European Union institutions, to be subject to human rights. At the time the only concern was that member states sho...	How many original treaties establishing the EU protected fundamental rights?	{ "text": [ "None" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572824f13acd2414000df591	Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane. The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a d...	What was the name of the storm that hit Jacksonville in May of 2012?	{ "text": [ "Tropical Storm Beryl" ], "answer_start": [ 1528 ] }
572754cd5951b619008f8865	The invasions of Baghdad, Samarkand, Urgench, Kiev, Vladimir among others caused mass murders, such as when portions of southern Khuzestan were completely destroyed. His descendant Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part and sacked Baghdad although his forces were halted by the Mamluks of Egypt, but Hulagu's...	Which of Genghis Khan's descendants pushed the Mamluks out of Palestine?	{ "text": [ "Ghazan Khan" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
57293e221d046914007791d9	The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence...	How much has global mean surface air temperature changed in the last century?	{ "text": [ "0.3 to 0.6 °C" ], "answer_start": [ 620 ] }
57269698dd62a815002e8a6d	The city has two universities — Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle University is now one o...	Which university has its origins in a school dealing with medicine and surgery?	{ "text": [ "Newcastle University" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
57269698dd62a815002e8a6e	The city has two universities — Newcastle University and Northumbria University. Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery, established in 1834 and became independent from Durham University on 1 August 1963 to form the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Newcastle University is now one o...	What did Newcastle University win in 2000?	{ "text": [ "Sunday Times University of the Year award" ], "answer_start": [ 386 ] }
57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b	In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 ...	Which outbreak was associated with troops in the thirty years war?	{ "text": [ "Italian Plague" ], "answer_start": [ 736 ] }
572685cd5951b619008f7575	The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851, with which Henry Cole, the museum's first director, was involved in planning; initially it was known as the Museum of Manufactures, first opening in May 1852 at Marlborough House, but by September had been transferred to Somerset House. At this stage the collecti...	What was the museum originally called?	{ "text": [ "Museum of Manufactures" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
572669a9dd62a815002e841a	The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks. As organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world, their presence or (sometimes) absence may be used to provide a relative age of the formations in which they are found. Based on principles laid out by William S...	The principle of faunal succession was developed 100 years before whose theory of evolution?	{ "text": [ "Charles Darwin" ], "answer_start": [ 374 ] }
57264d9edd62a815002e80fe	In 1973, Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office, a short-term organization created to coordinate the response to the embargo. Simon allocated states the same amount of domestic oil for 1974 that each had consumed in 1972, which worked for states whose populations were not i...	Who is the first administrator of the Federal Energy Office?	{ "text": [ "William E. Simon" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
570610b275f01819005e792c	Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport, the second-busiest airport in the United States by passenger volume (see World's busiest airports by passenger traffic) and the third by international passenger volume (see Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic); San Di...	What ranking in terms of busiest airports from international passenger volume is the Los Angeles International Airport?	{ "text": [ "third" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28	French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settleme...	Who led the attack of the French colony in 1565?	{ "text": [ "Pedro Menéndez de Avilés" ], "answer_start": [ 422 ] }
56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f	The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24 and boasting four Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl defensive tackle Kawann Short led the team in sacks with 11, while also forcing three fumbles and recovering two. Fellow lineman Mario Addison ad...	Who was the Panthers' tackle leader for 2015?	{ "text": [ "Luke Kuechly." ], "answer_start": [ 666 ] }
572855973acd2414000df926	The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools (a private day school for K-12 students and day care), the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School (a residential treatment program for those with b...	What is the name of the residential treatment program the university runs?	{ "text": [ "the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }
572920d73f37b31900478055	Child labour is common in Kenya. Most working children are active in agriculture. In 2006, UNICEF estimated that up to 30% of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution. Most of the prostitutes in Kenya are aged 9–18. The Ministry of Gender and Child Affairs employed ...	Where are most working children working?	{ "text": [ "agriculture" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
5725dc1638643c19005ace02	The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967, and immediately was plagued with problems. First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits, which delayed the sealing of the hatch. Then, communications problems frustrated the astronauts and forced a hold in the simulated countdown. During this hol...	When did the very first plugs-out test occur?	{ "text": [ "January 27, 1967" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
5725c91e38643c19005acced	Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought to represent ctenophores, apparently with no tentacles but many more comb-rows than modern forms, have been found in lagerstätten as far back as the early Cambrian, about 515 million years ago. The position of the ctenophores in the evolutionary family tree of anim...	How old are the fossils found that represent ctenophhores ?	{ "text": [ "515 million years" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }
57281a952ca10214002d9dee	The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People. Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and ...	In what episode did Dudley Simpson play a music conductor?	{ "text": [ "The Talons of Weng-Chiang" ], "answer_start": [ 532 ] }
571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2	Oxygen was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774, but Priestley is often given priority because his work was published first. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit ...	When did Carl Wilhelm Scheele discover oxygen?	{ "text": [ "1773" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
572914f46aef051400154a47	With International Criminal Court trial dates in 2013 for both President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath, US President Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip. Later in the summer, Kenyatta visited China at the invitation of Presiden...	Who decided not to come visit the country in 2013?	{ "text": [ "US President Barack Obama" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }
57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f	Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies, ctenophores are extremely rare as fossils, and fossils that have been interpreted as ctenophores have been found only in lagerstätten, places where the environment was exceptionally suited to preservation of soft tissue. Until the mid-1990s only two specimens good enough for an...	How many species were found in the Burgess Shale?	{ "text": [ "Three" ], "answer_start": [ 413 ] }
57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3	The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU). Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s. Major amen...	When did Denmark join the EU?	{ "text": [ "1972" ], "answer_start": [ 809 ] }
5727d0f73acd2414000ded15	During the divestment from South Africa movement in the late 1980s, student activists erected a symbolic "shantytown" on Harvard Yard and blockaded a speech given by South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown. The Harvard Management Company repeatedly refused to divest, stating that "operating expenses must not be subje...	By how much did Harvard management reduce its South Africa holdings in response to pressure?	{ "text": [ "$230 million" ], "answer_start": [ 503 ] }
57282dfb4b864d190016466a	Some forms of civil disobedience, such as illegal boycotts, refusals to pay taxes, draft dodging, distributed denial-of-service attacks, and sit-ins, make it more difficult for a system to function. In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that "although civil disobedients are constrained in their...	Name the other way that the Plowshares organization temporarily closed?	{ "text": [ "using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes" ], "answer_start": [ 594 ] }
572a11663f37b31900478697	In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with ...	What do extremely unequal societies tend to be?	{ "text": [ "politically and socially unstable" ], "answer_start": [ 930 ] }
57286dfa2ca10214002da333	Kublai's government faced financial difficulties after 1279. Wars and construction projects had drained the Mongol treasury. Efforts to raise and collect tax revenues were plagued by corruption and political scandals. Mishandled military expeditions followed the financial problems. Kublai's second invasion of Japan in ...	What interfered with Kublai's second invasion of Japan?	{ "text": [ "inauspicious typhoon" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9	The United Methodist Church opposes conscription as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture. Therefore, the Church supports and extends its ministry to those persons who conscientiously oppose all war, or any particular war, and who therefore refuse to serve in the armed forces or to cooperate with systems of milit...	What does the UMC oppose as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture?	{ "text": [ "conscription" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678	Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida and is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and about 340 miles (550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inha...	What is the name of the French colony established in 1564?	{ "text": [ "Fort Caroline" ], "answer_start": [ 398 ] }
57115bf350c2381900b54a96	Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of st...	How many pounds of steam per kilowatt hour does the Energiprojekt AB engine use?	{ "text": [ "8.8" ], "answer_start": [ 521 ] }
57273e50dd62a815002e9a03	Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry. Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies. They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of wor...	What compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies?	{ "text": [ "Engineering News-Record (ENR)" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57286dfa2ca10214002da335	Kublai's government faced financial difficulties after 1279. Wars and construction projects had drained the Mongol treasury. Efforts to raise and collect tax revenues were plagued by corruption and political scandals. Mishandled military expeditions followed the financial problems. Kublai's second invasion of Japan in ...	In what battle were the Mongols defeated by the Tran?	{ "text": [ "Battle of Bạch Đằng" ], "answer_start": [ 698 ] }
5726577f708984140094c301	The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620–21, and again in 1654–57, 1665, 1691, and 1740–42....	During which years was the plague present in Islamic countries?	{ "text": [ "1500 and 1850" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }
5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc	As Jamukha and Temüjin drifted apart in their friendship, each began consolidating power, and soon became rivals. Jamukha supported the traditional Mongolian aristocracy, while Temüjin followed a meritocratic method, and attracted a broader, though lower class, range of followers. Due to his earlier defeat of the Merki...	When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?	{ "text": [ "1186" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
57276166dd62a815002e9bda	ABC dominated the American television landscape during the 1970s and early 1980s (by 1980, the three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.). Several flagship series debuted on the network during this time including Dynasty, an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a ...	What was a Happy Days spinoff that debuted in the 1980s on ABC?	{ "text": [ "Mork & Mindy" ], "answer_start": [ 689 ] }

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