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12,114,193
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[summary] It is therefore a general purpose and primary object of the present invention to provide a communication system and method of use in underwater environments in which the system provides enhanced data transmission rates. The object of the present invention is attained by providing one or more arrays of nanometer-scaled photon emitters and sensors on an outer surface of an underwater platform. The emitters and sensors are lensed to send and receive single photons at precise frequencies. For the emitters, a laser, pulsed to correlate with the data packets, provides a coherent collimated beam of photons at a prescribed frequency. The sensors include a plurality of nano-scale collecting lenses or tubes having interior pigment coatings to absorb photons. The coating of each lens or tube absorbs photons that are not aligned with the longitudinal axes of the lens or tube. A photo-receptor is located at the focal plane for the prescribed light frequency at the base of each lens or tube. Nano-wires connect the photo-receptors to a light intensity integrator. Each nano-wire has a plurality of atoms per unit cell to provide for redundant conductance channels in case of defects. The light intensity integrator integrates the light intensity over a given surface area. The output of the light intensity integrator is fed to an intensity-time signal processor to track and process the arriving digital packets. In one embodiment, a system for underwater data transmission comprises a photon source providing a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a predetermined frequency, the beam being pulsed to encode the data; an array of photo-receptors configured to collect electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined frequency; at least one integrator in communication with a plurality of photo-receptors of the array of photo-receptors, the integrator receiving signals from said plurality of photo-receptors corresponding to an intensity of electromagnetic radiation collected by the plurality of photo-receptors and integrating the intensity over the plurality of photo-receptors; and a signal processor in communication with the integrator, the signal processor receiving signals from the integrator corresponding to the integrated intensity and determining the transmitted data based on an intensity-time track of the integrated intensity for the pulsed beam of electromagnetic radiation at the predetermined frequency. In one variation, each photo-receptor comprises an elongated collecting lens having an optical opening therein to collect electromagnetic radiation in a direction aligned with a longitudinal axis of the opening. A coating on an interior surface of the opening absorbs electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined frequency. The lens may be a carbon nano-tube. Each photo-receptor may comprise a nano-scale photo-receptor spaced apart from the lens a distance corresponding to a focal plane for the electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined frequency. A nano-scale photo-receptor may comprise at least one sensing molecule selected to emit at least one electron upon absorbing electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined frequency. A plurality of nano-wires connected to the nano-scale photo-receptor and the integrator may transmit the electrons to the integrator. A protective coating may cover the front surface of the photo-receptors such that the electromagnetic radiation passes through the protective coating prior to entering the photo-receptors. A protective coating may also cover the rear surface of the photo-receptors remote from the front surface. In another variation, portions of the array of photo-receptors are activated in a sequence, such that the signal processor can determine a direction of the pulsed beam based on which portion of the array has a maximum intensity for the pulsed beam. In a further variation, the system comprises attitude sensors and alignment mirrors at both the photon source and photo-receptors, such that the positions of the alignment mirrors are controlled by the attitude sensors to maintain alignment of the pulsed beam between the photon source and the photo-receptors. In one embodiment, a photo-receptor collects electromagnetic radiation of a predetermined frequency. The photo-receptor includes a carbon nano-tube collecting lens to collect electromagnetic radiation in a direction aligned with a longitudinal axis of the lens, a coating on an interior surface of the lens to absorb electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined frequency and a nano-scale photo-receptor spaced apart from the lens a distance corresponding to a focal plane for the electromagnetic radiation. At least one sensing molecule of the nano-scale photo-receptor is selected so as to emit one or more electrons upon absorbing the electromagnetic radiation. In one variation, the photo-receptor includes a plurality of nano-wires connected to said nano-scale photo-receptor and said integrator for transmitting the electrons to an integrator for integrating intensities of electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined frequency collected over a plurality of photo-receptors. A first protective coating may cover the collecting lens in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis such that the electromagnetic radiation passes through said protective coating prior to entering the collecting lens. The coating can be transparent to the electromagnetic radiation of the predetermined frequency. A protective coating may also cover a rear surface of the photo-receptors remote from the first protective coating. In one embodiment, a method determines a direction of a signal source arriving at an array of photo-receptors. The signal source includes a photon beam of a predetermined frequency and the photo-receptors collect photons of the predetermined frequency from a direction aligned with the photo-receptors. The beam is pulsed to encode data. The method includes activating one portion of the array of photo-receptors comprising a plurality of contiguous photo-receptors, determining, over a time period, an intensity of photons collected by the activated portion corresponding to pulses of photons, sequentially activating overlapping portions of the array of photo-receptors and determining intensities, integrating the intensities over the array to determine the overlapping portion or portions having the peak intensities and performing a limited activation sequence about the overlapping portions of peak intensities to refine the direction of the signal source. In yet another variation of the present invention, the method includes coordinating results for peak intensities from a plurality of arrays and re-orienting the plurality of arrays to enhance the peak intensities based on the coordinated results.
|
['H04B1302']
|
summary
|
12,008,725
|
[description] or TBVp (Terminal Branch Static Pressure or Terminal Branch Velocity Pressure) curve breakdown. FIG. 10 displays the three part system curves as they might be viewed independently with x/y coordinates and affinity law mapping of the curve segment unknowns from a known starting point established through sensor logic or reference materials. FIG. 11 illustrates a complete “wide open” portrait of a modulating terminal device (or valvic device) through its full range of motion, along with an index of options (to the left) notating TP, Vp, and Sp for arbitrary setting. The suggested default or design operating parameters are shaded for the selected operating range. A suggested default or design-specified terminal branch or sub-system OP is also shown at 45 degrees (50% open.) The index also includes a dial setting for altering the TD's characteristics under any and all conditions with TP, Vp, or SP being switchable and variable through any percentage or degree of closure. FIG. 12 depicts curve riding and OP deviation when mover changes occur and, conversely, FIG. 12A depicts curve riding and OP deviation when system (or sub-system) changes occur. FIG. 13 is a sensor grid schematic of the sensor logic employed by the method and apparatus, including cross-sectional areas for sensor arrangement. The symbols are familiar as flow monitor stations, though are referred to in this specification by solid, broken, and dotted-broken lines to indicate TP, SP, and Vp, respectively. FIG. 14 depicts Primary Mover sensor logic as employed by the method and apparatus to measure Mover TP. FIG. 14A depicts Primary Mover sensor logic as employed by the method and apparatus to measure Mover SP with an optional attachment (sensor grid) for packaged, housed, or otherwise fitted movers under field or existing conditions. FIG. 14B depicts Primary Mover sensor logic as employed by the method and apparatus to measure Mover Vp with an optional attachment (sensor grid) for packaged, housed, or otherwise fitted movers under field or existing conditions. FIG. 14C depicts Mover sensor logic and augmented SP, as demonstrated by Series Operation. Optional sensor grid fitting also shown. FIG. 14D depicts Mover sensor logic and augmented Vp, as demonstrated by Parallel Operation. Optional sensor grid fitting also shown. FIG. 15 depicts Terminal or In-line device sensor logic as employed by the method and apparatus to measure such a device's TP. FIG. 15A depicts Terminal or In-line device sensor logic as employed by the method and apparatus to measure such a device's SP. Optional sensor grid fitting also shown. FIG. 15B depicts Terminal or In-line device sensor logic as employed by the method and apparatus to measure Terminal Device Vp. Optional sensor grid fitting also shown. FIG. 15C depicts Terminal or In-line device sensor logic with a secondary mover in Series Operation and the resulting increase in SP. FIG. 15D depicts Terminal or In-line device sensor logic with a secondary mover in Parallel Operation and the resulting increase in Vp. FIG. 16 demonstrates an embodiment utilizing dual damper and motor speed control in Series Operation in a system with long runs and minimal fittings. FIG. 16A demonstrates an embodiment utilizing dual damper and motor speed control in Parallel Operation in a system with excessive bends and fittings. FIG. 17 demonstrates one version of a leakage tester embodiment using a mover, terminal control device (auto damper control,) and a capped main section of duct. SP and Vp curve level offs are shown as indicators. FIG. 17A demonstrates another version of a leakage tester embodiment using a mover, terminal control device (auto damper control,) and a new or existing system that has already been fitted. Leakage represented by Vp deviations (increases) from firmly established OP's. FIG. 18 depicts an additional embodiment used for determining the volume and overall characteristics of a given vessel or enclosure. Curves displayed with cut offs and level offs, along with percentages of Vp and SP content. Vp cut off occurs where SP reaches 100% of mover's total static power, less total static drop of the terminal device, less any Vp deemed leakage at level off. FIG. 19 shows a detail view of the Vectorial display compass cross hairs, which illustrate all OP changes in any given direction, in any given context of mover and system or sub-system. The display acts as a kind of cursor to all effective system changes as they happen or after they occur within a given time frame. It may also be “locked in” at a specified operating point to display all related changes of a real or designed system in its entirety, prior to anything being built. FIG. 19A shows a Total to Sub-System Vectorial Analysis where a correlative relationship may be drawn between these or any other system components generating such a curve or movement vector. This framework is transposed on the main curve display screens, or may be viewed independently to show a “bare bones” rendition of any and all effective changes as mover-system adjustments are made arbitrarily or automatically through default operation. FIG. 20 is a basic depiction of System Diversity, a concept referred to throughout the description to illustrate a variable distribution system's tempering of total mover capacity to required system, and no more, no less, to accommodate load where and when needed. This functions as a supporting concept for said method and apparatus and additional claims presented. FIG. 21 depicts the Main Menu display as it might appear to offer a selection of key options, namely the type of distribution system, prior to proceeding to system start. FIG. 22 outlines a basic air system flow chart with all key considerations for such a system, establishing a standard for prioritization before proceeding to each subsequent step or mode of system operation. Any additional considerations or requirements are met through an upgradeable, searchable database that covers, but is not limited to, general equipment selection, movers, terminal devices, heat exchangers, fittings, and troubleshoot possibilities. FIG. 22A outlines a basic hydronics system flow chart with all key considerations for such a system, establishing a standard for
|
['G05D2313']
|
detailed_description
|
11,926,242
|
[summary] It is an object of the present invention to address the need for improved management of erasure intervals for storage mediums of CR cassettes. With this object in mind, the present invention provides an apparatus for obtaining a radiographic image comprising: a) a cassette; b) an erasable photostimulable storage medium, housed in the cassette, that can store a radiographic image when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation at an exposure wavelength and that can be erased for subsequent use when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation at an erasure wavelength; and c) a memory that is associated with the cassette and that stores a signal that is indicative of elapsed time since the most recent erasure of the photostimulable medium. From another aspect, the invention provides a method for obtaining a radiographic image comprising: a) erasing a photostimulable medium that is housed in a cassette; b) recording a time of erasure associated with the cassette by setting a memory signal to a predetermined value; and c) providing an indication of time elapsed since erasure according to the memory signal. It is a feature of the present invention that it stores information that can be used by radiology personnel to determine the relative time interval since last erasure for a CR cassette. It is an advantage of the present invention that it provides tools that help to automate the management or erasure intervals for storage mediums for CR cassettes. The invention and its objects and advantages will become more apparent in the detailed description of the preferred embodiment that follows.
|
['G03B4208']
|
summary
|
11,226,874
|
[description] There is depicted in FIG. 1 a top view of cube-shaped desk organizer 1. The dimensions of the main organizer body 1 may be anywhere up to 18 inches (″) by 18″ by 18″ and may be constructed from any type of lightweight moldable material, such as plastic. Additionally, the main organizer body 1 may be any appropriate color to best blend in with contemporary office decor. As seen in this illustration, on one of the six sides of the main organizer body 1, there is disposed a lid 2, constructed from the same or similar material as the main organizer body 1, leaving an open surrounding surface 3 of the side of the main organizer body 1 uncovered by the lid 2. While the lid 2 is depicted here as a flat cube shape, the lid 2 may assume any shape or configuration, be that circular, triangular, pyramidal, etc. However, to ease the user's ability to write down information on a crowded desktop, some portion of the surface of the lid 2 should be flat enough to lay a piece of paper or sticky note level to the surface to facilitate writing. Also in this illustration, to prevent the lid 2 from slipping off the main organizer body 1, the lid 2 is affixed in place along one edge of its surface by a plurality of hinges 4 affixed to the main organizer body by bolts 4a or other appropriate means known in the art. The hinges 4 thus permit the lid 2 to describe a limited axis of rotation around the main organizer body 1, which thereby allows the user to raise or lower the lid 2 and have access to the storage space formed underneath. In an alternative unillustrated embodiment of the present invention, the lid 2 may be locked or secured onto the surrounding open surface 3 of the main organizer body 1 by a locking or securing means to prevent accidental losses of the contents underneath or to only permit the organizer's owner access to those contents. In a second unillustrated embodiment of the present invention, the lid 2 is not permanently affixed to the main organizer body 1 by hinges 4 or other securing means but is instead removable to allow the user access to the entire surface of this side of the main organizer body 1 at the user's election. Turning to FIG. 2, the bottom side of the main organizer body 1 opposite to the side bearing the lid 2 has a rotary base 5, constructed of the same or similar material to that of the main organizer body 1, affixed to the surface of the main organizer body 1 by a spindle 5a. The rotary base 5 is depicted here as being circular in shape, but any geometric shape, such as a triangle or square, is herein contemplated. Furthermore, the dimensions of the rotary base 5 should be sufficient to cover at least one-half of the area of this side of the main organizer body 1, while still leaving some open surrounding surface 3a, to provide for a large enough footprint on a desk surface to prevent the main organizer body 1 from being unstable while rotating but small enough not to interfere with the placement or function of the various other features of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 3, one of the lateral sides of the main organizer body 1 is open into a hollow chamber 11 which extends nearly the entire length, depth, and width of the main organizer body 1. Within this chamber 11, a plurality of shelves 6 is inserted to place office supplies upon. In FIG. 3, two shelves 6 are illustrated, but any practicable number of shelves 6 may be inserted into the chamber 11. The shelves 6 are to be horizontally slidable may be affixed into the chamber 11 via a tongue-and-groove or wheeled-rail means, or any other means known to the art (unillustrated). By having the shelves 6 horizontally slidable, the user has access to the entire length of the shelves 6 and shall be able to reach articles located at the very end of the shelves 6 without having to reach back inside the chamber 11. Additionally, in an unillustrated embodiment of the present invention, the shelves 6 are freely removable either individually or jointly, thereby letting the user insert objects of a greater height than that of an individual storage space formed by the height between two shelves 6, or between a shelf and the ceiling or floor formed by the open surrounding surfaces 3 and 3a of the main organizer body 1. Next, as seen in FIG. 4, one lateral side of the main organizer body 1 bears on its surface a number of differently-sized holders 7 and 8 shaped to contain particular individual office supplies articles which the user may have recourse to use more frequently than others and which may be too bulky or inappropriate to place on one of the shelves 6. While these holders may be constructed of the same material as that of the main organizer body 1 (i.e., of any type of lightweight moldable material), for esthetic and practical reasons, such as repeated insertion and removal of the articles, it is contemplated that the material should be of a different composition, such as leather or nylon, to prevent damage to the holders 7 and 8 from repeated use and to prevent wear to the articles being inserted therein. The large holder 7 in FIG. 4 is designed to hold larger individual office supplies articles, such as a calculator, a personal data assistant, a pair of eyeglasses, folded-up notes, etc. The smaller holder 8 is designed to hold smaller such articles, such as a pen, a laser pointer, etc. While FIG. 4 illustrates only two of such holders, the larger holder 7 and the smaller holder 8, it is contemplated that any practicable number of combinations of such holders may be placed upon
|
['B42F1700']
|
detailed_description
|
11,813,463
|
[summary] It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel tensioner for a belt which obviates or mitigates at least one disadvantage of the prior art. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tensioner for a belt on an engine. The tensioner has a pivot shaft having a central bore to receive a bolt to install the tensioner to the engine. A tensioner arm is rotatably mounted on the pivot shaft and has a cylindrical bearing mounting surface with its center located eccentrically with respect to the center of the pivot shaft. A rotatable member is rotatably mounted to the cylindrical bearing mounting surface. The rotatable member has an outer surface complementary to the surface of belt to be contacted. A spring is operable to bias the tensioner arm about the pivot shaft to move the rotatable member towards the belt to tension the belt. An adjustable stop means receives a stop member of the tensioner arm and defines a range through which the stop member, and thus the tensioner arm, can move during operation of the tensioner. The stop means is moveable by an installer of the tensioner after the tensioner has been installed on the engine to alter the angular position of the range of movement of the tensioner arm from a position suitable for installation of the tensioner to a position suitable for operation of the installed tensioner. Preferably, the stop means includes indicia to indicate when the tensioner arm and the stop means have been moved to the suitable operating position. In one embodiment, the tensioner includes a base and the spring has one end attached to the tensioner arm and the other end attached to the base. According to a second embodiment, the spring has one end attached to the tensioner arm and the other end attached to the stop means, such that the tension in the spring is compensated for movement of the tensioner arm, as the stop means is moved.
|
['F16H712']
|
summary
|
11,311,847
|
Driving method for active matrix liquid crystal display panel [SEP] [abstract] A driving method for an active matrix liquid crystal display panel includes the following steps. First, a frame period is divided into a display period (t1) and a black insertion period (tr). A gray-scale voltage is generated according to a desired corresponding light transmittance of each pixel of the liquid crystal display panel; and during the display period, the gray-scale voltage is supplied to a corresponding pixel electrode of the liquid crystal display panel. Then during the black insertion period, a restoring voltage Vh is supplied to the pixel electrode, so that the pixel is returned to an initial black state. Accordingly, the quality of motion pictures of the liquid crystal display panel is good.
|
['G09G336']
|
abstract
|
12,411,876
|
[claim] 1. An automatic fire extinguisher comprising: a generally bulb shaped closed container having a top, an upper portion in the shape of a frustum of a cone, a hemispherical shaped lower portion and a bottom portion; a quantity of fire extinguishing fluid disposed in said lower portion of said closed container; a tubular member having an upper portion and a lower portion with said upper portion extending through said top of said closed container and a lower portion of said tubular member extending downwardly into said lower portion of said closed container; and a heat activatible valve closing said tubular member until activated by a temperature in excess of 68° C. (155° F.) and thereafter dispensing said fire extinguishing fluid through said top of said container and into or onto a fire. 2. An automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 1 which includes a weighted bottom for positioning said closed container in an upright position. 3. An automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 2 in which said heat activatible valve is a mercury valve. 4. An automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 3 which includes means for filling and refilling said closed container with fire extinguishing fluid. 5. An automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 4 which includes means for pressurizing said closed container. 6. An automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 5 which includes means for releasing said fire extinguishing fluid in a spray when said heat activatible valve opens in response to an elevated temperature. 7. An automatic fire extinguisher comprising: a generally bulb shaped closed metal container having a top, an upper portion in the shape of a frustum of a cone, a hemispherical shaped lower portion and a weighted bottom portion for positioning and maintaining said container in an upright position; a closeable opening for filling or refilling the closed container with a liquid fire extinguishing fluid, a seal for sealing said closeable opening and means for pressurizing said closed container after filling or refilling said closed container with liquid fire suppressant and wherein said closeable opening and said means for pressurizing said closed container are disposed in said upper portion of said closed container; a quantity of fire extinguishing fluid disposed in said lower portion of said closed container; a tubular member having an upper portion and a lower portion with said upper portion extending through said top of said closed container and a lower portion of said tubular member extending downwardly into said lower portion of said closed container and into said liquid fire extinguishing fluid; and a spray nozzle and a heat activatible mercury valve closing said tubular member and upper portion thereof until activated by a temperature of at least 68° C. (155° F.) and said spray nozzle being constructed and arranged to receive fire extinguishing fluid from said closed container and to spray said fluid onto or into a fire when said heat activatible valve is activated by an elevated temperature. 8. A portable automatic fire extinguisher consisting of: a generally bulb shaped closed metal container having a top, an upper portion in the shape of a frustum of a cone, a hemispherical shaped lower portion and a weight bottom portion for positioning and maintaining said container in an upright position; a closeable opening for filling or refilling the closed container with a liquid fire extinguishing fluid, a seal for sealing said closeable opening and means for pressurizing said closed container after filling or refilling said closed container with liquid fire suppressant and wherein said closeable opening and said means for pressurizing said closed container are disposed in said upper portion of said closed container; a quantity of fire extinguishing fluid disposed in said lower portion of said closed container; a tubular member having an upper portion and a lower portion with said upper portion extending through said top of said closed container and a lower portion of said tubular member extending downwardly into said lower portion of said closed container and into said liquid fire extinguishing fluid; a spray nozzle and a heat activatible mercury valve closing said tubular member and upper portion thereof until activated by a temperature of at least 68° C. (155° F.) and said spray nozzle being constructed and arranged to receive fire extinguishing fluid from said closed container and to spray said fluid onto or into a fire when said heat activatible valve is activated by an elevated temperature; and a handle on a side of said closed container. 9. An automatic fire extinguisher according to claim 8 in which said bulb shaped closed metal container is coated with a fire resistant coating.
|
['A62C3502']
|
claim
|
11,574,680
|
[description] The present invention will now be described with reference to the figures accompanying the specification, wherein the same numerals denote the same parts and wherein: FIG. 1 shows the isometric view of the assembly for spinning the non-woven cellulosic material. FIG. 2 shows the exploded isometric view of the spinning box as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows the isometric view of the set up showing the laying of the curtain. FIG. 4(a) to 4(e) show various options for preparation of a composite structure. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the cellulose solution at required temperature and constant flow rate is fed into a spinneret assembly (7), preferably a rectangular assembly. A spinning box (3) is kept below the rectangular spinneret assembly. The spinning box (3) is used to attenuate the filaments and also to randomly lay down the filaments, thereby maintaining the rectangular configuration of the web. The regeneration liquid is fed with the help of a regeneration liquid feed pipe (4). The location of the regeneration liquid feed pipe can be either from the top or from the bottom of the spinning box. The spinning box (3) comprises of a funnel shaped sides which form a funnel shape till a certain length, the rest of the portion remaining straight. The funnel is meant to allow the regeneration liquid to pass from top to bottom. Top part of the funnel (5) may have perforations in the side plate so that as the regeneration liquid starts filling up the spinning box (3), the fluid comes out from the perforations and passes through the funnel. Flow from the regeneration liquid feed pipe (4) is regulated to maintain a constant level of the liquid. The height of the water column in the spinning box makes the liquid flow from the funnel (5) at a high speed, due to gravitational acceleration. High speed fluid imparts a drag to the filaments fed from the spinneret assembly and get attenuated. Stretched filaments are allowed to fall by way of its own energy gained by the fluid flow on to a collection belt conveyor (8). Since the collection belt (8) moves at a slower speed as compared to the filament drop down speed, the filaments lay down randomly on the belt forming a fairly entangled non-woven web. The entire conveyor is placed within a regeneration liquid collection tank (9). The regeneration liquid by gravity flows out of this tank to the recovery section and the recycle section. Laying is attained by a vacuum system (10), which is provided below the collection belt just under the filament outlet. Vacuum allows the filaments to retain its random orientation on the belt, thereby reducing the effect of water force. FIG. 3 shows one of the preferred laying options. Curtain (11) formed by the aforedescribed method is brought to the feeding box (12). The feeding box may have a mechanically driven twin roll arrangement to draw the curtain and feed it below. The feeding box (12) is pivoted by a swing arrangement, which lays down the curtain in folds (13) on to the moving collecting belt (14). Depending upon the coverage required, the speed of the swing, the drop down rate and the belt conveyor speed can be adjusted. Similarly, one or more feeding boxes (12) in combination with collecting belt (14) may operate such that web structure like that of a cross lapper is obtained. A cross lapped web may have a higher coverage and better tensile strength in cross direction (CD) as compared to the CD tensile strength of the web made as shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 4(a) shows a typical un-consolidated laid mat made from Viscose continuous filaments (1) randomized by fluid assisted randomizer. FIG. 4(b) shows a typical un-consolidated laid mat made from Lyocell continuous filaments (2) randomized by fluid assisted randomizer. The above two structures may be consolidated by known methods described. FIG. 4(c) is a representative sketch of a non-woven composite structure prepared by the aforesaid process prior to consolidation. In this case the bottom layer is cellulosic non-woven Viscose or Lyocell or the like (1) or (2) prepared by the process described above, while the top layer may be either cellulosic non-woven or synthetic non-woven web (x). The structure may be consolidated by known methods described above to form a consolidated structure. FIG. 4(d) is a representative sketch of a non-woven composite structure prepared by the process described above prior to consolidation. In this case the bottom layer may be either cellulosic non-woven or synthetic non-woven web (x), while the top layer is cellulosic non-woven Viscose or Lyocell or the like (1) or (2) prepared by the process described above. The structure may be consolidated by known methods. FIG. 4(e) represents a composite structure with multiple layers of either cellulosic or synthetic non-wovens (x1, x2 . . . ) with at least one layer of cellulosic non-woven Viscose or Lyocell or the like (1) or (2) prepared by the process described above. Presence or absence of either of the layers (1) or (2) may be decided upon the desired performance of the composite structure. The structure may then be consolidated by known methods. Solvent Spinning Route (Lyocell): Pulp preferred for use for making the solution is soft wood pulp having high alpha cellulose content (89-93%) and low semi-cellulose content. DP (Degree of Polymerization) of the pulp is in the range of 600 to 1100, preferred range would be 700 to 1000. Cellulose concentration to achieve a spin able solution can be in the range of 5% to 28%. Preferably 7% to 20%, most preferred values of the cellulose concentration are 10% to 15%.
|
['D04H302' 'D01F200']
|
detailed_description
|
11,400,369
|
Heavy-pedaling bicycle [SEP] [abstract] A heavy-pedaling bicycle includes a pedaling unit which is rotated to deliver a driving force to drive a rear wheel to roll on a ground surface, and a dragging mechanism which is disposed on at least one of stationary and rotary members to generate a dragging force which counteracts the driving force during the forward pedaling of the pedaling unit, and which is self-adjustably maintained to be smaller than the driving force so as to turn the forward pedaling movement into an evenly decelerated movement. The dragging mechanism may include one of a plurality of wind blades, magnetically attractive members, and spring-biased friction members to generate a respective one of a resisting force, a magnetically attractive force, and a frictional force to serve as the dragging force.
|
['B62M110']
|
abstract
|
11,899,266
|
Fixing apparatus and method for attaching an annular transponder unit to tire [SEP] [abstract] Apparatus and method in the use thereof attaches an annular transponder unit to an annular tire surface, the transponder unit being of a type having a sensor housing coupled to an annular antenna. The apparatus includes a rotary turntable for supportably rotating a tire having an annular tire surface in an accessible disposition and an arm proximately disposed to the turntable and having end-of-arm tooling for attaching the transponder unit section by section to the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. The tooling includes a gripping mechanism engaging the sensor housing and placing the sensor housing at a preselected location on the annular tire surface and a guide mechanism engaging the annular antenna and positioning the annular antenna section by section along the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. An adhesive material applicator nozzle is disposed between the guide mechanism and the gripping means for application of the adhesive material between the annular antenna and the annular tire surface as the tire is rotated. A pre-staging station supporting the transponder unit may further be utilized, the arm moving between the pre-staging station and the turntable and the gripping mechanism engaging the sensor housing at the pre-staging station to transport the transponder unit from the pre-staging station to the turntable.
|
['B29D3008']
|
abstract
|
11,170,924
|
[description] below, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document: the terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term “or,” is inclusive, meaning and/or; “each” means every one of at least a subset of the identified items; the phrases “associated with” and “associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation, such a device may be implemented in hardware, firmware or software, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should be noted that the functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.
|
['G06F944']
|
detailed_description
|
11,178,077
|
[summary] In general, the present disclosure describes an optical sensing device having a sensing surface, which can enhance the phase shift of an incident beam caused by the SPR effect, for example, by permitting the incident beam to pass through the sensing surface at least twice. In exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure describes methods of detecting biological, biochemical, or chemical characteristics of a species. To achieve the objects aforementioned, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical sensing device comprising: a light source emitting a light; a beam splitter configured to divide the light into a first beam and a second beam, wherein the beam splitter allows the first beam to pass therethrough while reflecting the second beam; an SPR sensor unit comprising a sensing surface, wherein the first beam from the splitter is reflected by the sensing surface at least twice and be sent back to the splitter; and a detecting mechanism comprising: a reflecting unit reflecting the second beam from the beam splitter and the first beam coming from the sensor unit through the beam splitter, and a converting unit converting the first beam and the second beam from the reflecting unit into a two-dimensional interference fringe pattern. According to an embodiment of the invention, the optical sensing device of the invention further comprises a data processor for analyzing interference patterns detected by the detecting mechanism. According to embodiments of the invention, the sensor unit comprises a 60° equilateral SF 18 glass prism which is coated with a metal layer. A sensitive material may be placed on the metal layer directly or through an intermediate material. The sensitive material can be an antibody that binds complementarily a corresponding antigen. A flow channel made from chemically inert Teflon may be attached to the surface of the sensitive material. It should be noted that any chemically and biological inert material in addition to Teflon can also be used for the flow cell. According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of detecting biological, biochemical, or chemical characteristics of a species, comprising: providing a device comprising an SPR sensor having a sensing surface; allowing a fluid including the species through a channel attached to the sensing surface; subjecting a light to passing through the SPR sensor so that the light is reflected at least twice by the sensing surface; obtaining a two-dimensional interference fringe pattern of the light from the SPR sensor; measuring a differential phase between a p-polarization and an s-polarization of the light through analyzing the two-dimensional interference fringe pattern; and determining the biological, biochemical, or chemical characteristics of the species in accordance with the differential phase. According to one embodiment of the method, the step of measuring the differential phase comprises: averaging an interference fringe pattern of the light over a region to produce a profile of an intensity variation for each of the p- and s-polarization interference fringe patterns; extracting an intensity distribution of each of the p- and s-polarization interference fringe patterns from the profile to obtain a curve of the intensity distribution of each of the p- and s-polarization interference fringe patterns; differentiating the curve to find a peak of each of the curves; and obtaining the differential phase through a location of the peak of each of the curves. According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided an optical sensing device, comprising: a light source emitting a light; a beam splitter configured to divide the light into a first beam and a second beam, wherein the beam splitter allows the first beam to pass therethrough while reflecting the second beam; an SPR sensor unit magnifying a phase change of the first beam from the beam splitter; and a detecting mechanism comprising: a reflecting unit reflecting the second beam from the beam splitter and the first beam coming from the SPR sensor unit through the beam splitter, and a converting unit converting the first beam and the second beam from the reflecting unit into a two-dimensional interference fringe pattern.
|
['G01B902' 'G01N2141']
|
summary
|
11,958,043
|
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING OVERHEAD INFORMATION [SEP] [abstract] A method provided by the present invention for transmitting overhead information, includes dividing and reforming overhead information into at least two overhead parts, inserting the at least two overhead parts into overhead bytes of at least two corresponding data frames, and transmitting the at least two overhead parts via the it least two data frames which are microwave frames. Overhead information transmitting apparatus and overhead information receiving apparatus are also provided by the present invention. With the method and apparatus of the present invention, the channel bandwidth resources occupied by the overhead bytes or each microwave frame are greatly reduced. If the saved channel bandwidth is used for performing the error correction code on the transmitted information, the code gain is improved and the sensitivity requirement on the receiver is reduced so that the cost of a microwave transmitting system is reduced eventually.
|
['H04J322']
|
abstract
|
12,367,356
|
[claim] 1. A portable screen comprising: a frame body having a rectangular shape; and a screen sheet provided with tension within the frame body and having an image projection surface, wherein one opposing side of two sets of opposing sides forming the frame body is configured to allow the frame body to be extendable along the side, and the other opposing side of two sets of opposing sides forming the frame body is configured to allow the frame body to be spreadable or foldable. 2. The portable screen according to claim 1, wherein a lock mechanism for maintaining an extended state of the frame body is provided at the one opposing side in the frame body. 3. The portable screen according to claim 1, wherein a lock mechanism for maintaining a spread state of the frame body is provided at the other opposing side in the frame body. 4. The portable screen according to claim 1, wherein the screen sheet is provided with tension within the frame body to make the image projection surface face inside when the frame body is folded up. 5. The portable screen according to claim 1, wherein the screen sheet is provided with tension in the frame body only at the other opposing side in the frame body, and plural plate-like members are arranged in parallel along the one opposing side direction at two ends of the one opposing side in the frame body of the ends of the screen sheet. 6. The portable screen according to claim 5, wherein the number of the plate-like members respectively provided at the two ends in the screen sheet is an odd number. 7. The portable screen according to claim 5, wherein fold-back processing for covering both surfaces of the arranged plate-like members by the screen sheet is performed on the respective two ends in the screen sheet. 8. The portable screen according to claim 5, wherein the plate-like member is a plastic plate. 9. The portable screen according to claim 1, wherein the frame body forming the one opposing side includes extendable frames. 10. The portable screen according to claim 1, wherein the frame body forming the other opposing side includes: plural frame pieces; and hinge members that rotatably connect the plural frame pieces, respectively.
|
['H04N564']
|
claim
|
10,511,183
|
[invention] Anti-HIV compounds are well established and have achieved significant therapeutic benefit. However, existing therapeutics remain less than optimal. Conspiring to reduce patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy are toxicity, resistant HIV, poor bioavailability, low potency, and frequent and inconvenient dosing schedules, among other failings. The need to administer very large tablets and requirements for frequent dosing characterize a number of important anti-HIV therapeutics, most particularly the HIV protease inhibitors. While significant advances have been made in preparing improved nucleotide analogue anti-HIV therapeutics (see WO 02/08241, EP 820,461 and WO 95/07920, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference), other anti-HIV therapeutic drug classes remain encumbered with severe deficiencies.
|
['C12Q170']
|
background
|
12,108,889
|
[summary] To achieve the aforementioned object, the present inventors have successfully developed a production method for a glutamate derivative (including salt forms thereof) of formula (2) (R 1 and R 2 in formula (2) have the same meanings as R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1)). In this process, the glutamate derivative of the general formula (2) is produced from a substituted α-keto acid of formula (1) in the presence of a catalytic enzyme (in formula (1), R 1 and R 2 independently represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having one to 8 carbon atoms (C1 to C8), a C1 to C8 alkoxyl group, a C2 to C9 carboxyalkyl group, an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic ring-containing hydrocarbon group, and a hydroxyl group; when one of R 1 and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, however, the other is not a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group; when one of R 1 and R 2 represents a hydroxyl group, the other is not a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; when R 1 contains an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, the aromatic ring or the heterocyclic ring may be additionally substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, alkyl groups with up to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxyl groups with up to 3 carbon atoms and an amino group), under conditions and for a time suitable to progress the reaction. Based on the finding, the invention has been achieved. The process for producing glutamate derivatives in accordance with the present invention enables efficient production of monatin represented by formula (6) from 4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid (hereinafter referred to as “IHOG”) represented by formula (7), using an enzymatic reaction. The present inventors have also developed new methods of producing monatin from tryptophan as a starting material, including the following reactions 1 to 3. The process of producing the glutamate derivatives of the present invention corresponds to reaction 3 in the monatin production process resulting from the following reactions 1 to 3. The production route of monatin, including reactions 1 to 3, is shown in reaction scheme (8). Reaction 1: preparing indole-3-pyruvic acid from tryptophan in the presence of an enzyme catalyst. Reaction 2: preparing the precursor keto acid (IHOG) via aldol condensation between indole-3-pyruvic acid and pyruvic acid (or oxaloacetic acid). Reaction 3: synthetically preparing monatin by aminating IHOG at the position 2 in the presence of an enzyme catalyst. The present invention is described in more detail below. [1] A process for producing a glutamate derivative, or salt forms thereof, of formula (2) (R 1 and R 2 in formula (2) have the same meanings as R 1 and R 2 in formula (1)). In this process, the glutamate derivative of the general formula (2) is produced from a substituted α-keto acid of formula (1) in the presence of a catalytic enzyme (in formula (1), R 1 and R 2 independently represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having one to 8 carbon atoms (C1 to C8), a C1 to C8 alkoxyl group, a C2 to C9 carboxyalkyl group, an aryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic ring-containing hydrocarbon group, and a hydroxyl group; when one of R 1 and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, however, the other is not a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group; when one of R 1 and R 2 represents a hydroxyl group, the other is not a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; when R 1 contains an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, the aromatic ring or the heterocyclic ring may be additionally substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, alkyl groups with up to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxyl groups with up to 3 carbon atoms and amino group), under conditions and for a time suitable to progress the reaction. [2] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [1], wherein R 1 represents a phenylmethyl group or a 3-indolylmethyl group, and R 2 represents a hydroxyl group. [3] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [1] or [2], wherein the enzyme is a dehydrogenase or a transaminase. [4] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [3], wherein the enzyme is a transaminase and the reaction system therefor contains one or more types of amino acids as amino group donors. [5] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [4], wherein the amino acids are selected from the group consisting of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, methionine, ornithine, serine, cysteine, histidine and lysine. [6] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [3] through [5], wherein the enzyme is a L-amino acid transaminase. [7] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [3] through [5], wherein the enzyme is a D-amino acid transaminase. [8] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [7], wherein the reaction system therefor contains an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a L-amino acid to a D-amino acid. [9] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [6], wherein the L-amino acid transaminase is derived from a microorganism belonging to a genus selected from the group consisting of Aeromonas, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Beijerinckia, Escherichia, Proteus and Morganella. [10] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [9], wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of Aeromonas hydrophila, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Beijerinckia indica, Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri and Morganella morganii. [11] A process for producing a glutamate derivative as described in [7] or [8], wherein the D-amino acid transaminase is derived from a microorganism of the genus Bacillus or Paenibacillus. [12] A process for producing a
|
['C12P1710']
|
summary
|
11,649,223
|
[summary] The invention relates to a beam shaping system for providing a square or rectangular laser beam having a controlled intensity profile (uniform, super gaussian or cosine corrected for example) from an incident non-uniform beam intensity profile laser beam source (a Gaussian profile, a profile with astigmatism or any non-rotationally symmetric and non-uniform profile). The beam shaping system uses a first acylindrical lens for shaping the incident laser beam along a first axis and a second acylindrical lens orthogonally disposed relative to the first acylindrical lens and for shaping the incident beam along a second axis. The thereby provided light beam is a rectangular beam having a controlled intensity distribution in the far field. This light beam may be collimated using a collimating lens system for maintaining its intensity profile and size over a significant distance and maintain the controlled intensity profile (i.e. flat-top, cosine corrected, etc.). Alternatively, the light beam may be focused for an efficient illumination of a typically submillimeter dimensioned target with a controlled intensity distribution at the Fourier plane of the focusing lens. Furthermore, a diffractive or refractive beam splitter, a micro lenses array for example, may be used to generate a multiple rectangular flat-top pattern arranged in a row or in a two-dimensional array. The present invention provides a way to independently shape the intensity profile of a light beam along two mutually independent and perpendicular axis. Suppose a normal Cartesian coordinates system X, Y and Z, Z being the propagation axis of the light beam. The present invention can be used to provide, for example, a laser beam with a flat top intensity distribution along the X axis and a cosine fourth corrected intensity distribution along the Y axis. One aspect of the invention provides a beam shaping system for providing a shaped beam substantially rectangular and having a controlled intensity profile in a far field region, from an incident beam having a predetermined intensity profile along a first and a second axis. The beam shaping system comprising a first and a second acylindrical lens each having a primary acylindrical surface with a base curve. The first and the second acylindrical lenses are disposed substantially orthogonally to one another. The first acylindrical lens is for shaping the incident beam along the first axis and the second acylindrical lens is for shaping the incident beam along the second axis, thereby providing the substantially rectangular shaped beam. The base curve of the first lens fits a first equation in a Cartesian coordinate system (x,y), the first equation being y = c 1 x 2 1 + ( 1 - ( 1 + Q 1 ) c 1 2 x 2 ) 1 / 2 + f 1 ( x ) , c1 being a first curvature constant, Q1 being a first conic constant and ƒ 1 (x) being a first correction function, the first correction function being continuous. The base curve of the second lens fits a second equation in another Cartesian coordinate system (x,y), the second equation being y = c 2 x 2 1 + ( 1 - ( 1 + Q 2 ) c 2 2 x 2 ) 1 / 2 + f 2 ( x ) , c2 being a second curvature constant and Q2 being a second conic constant and f 2 (x) being a second correction function, the second correction function being continuous. Another aspect of the invention provides a rectangular beam light source for providing a substantially rectangular shaped beam having a controlled intensity profile. The rectangular beam light source comprises an incident light source for providing an incident beam having a predetermined cross-sectional intensity profile along a first axis and a second axis, and a first and a second acylindrical lens each having a primary acylindrical surface with a base curve. The first and the second acylindrical lenses being disposed substantially orthogonally to one another. The first acylindrical lens is for shaping the incident beam along the first axis and the second acylindrical lens is for shaping the incident beam along the second axis, thereby providing the substantially rectangular shaped beam. The base curve of the first lens fits a first equation in a Cartesian coordinate system (x,y). The first equation being y = c 1 x 2 1 + ( 1 - ( 1 + Q 1 ) c 1 2 x 2 ) 1 / 2 + f 1 ( x ) , c 1 being a first curvature constant, Q 1 being a first conic constant and ƒ 1 (x) being a first correction function, the first correction function being continuous. The base curve of the second lens fits a second equation in another Cartesian coordinate system (x,y). The second equation being y = c 2 x 2 1 + ( 1 - ( 1 + Q 2 ) c 2 2 x 2 ) 1 / 2 + f 2 ( x ) , c 2 being a second curvature constant and Q 2 being a second conic constant and ƒ 2 (x) being a second correction function, the second correction function being continuous. Yet another aspect of the invention provides a beam shaping system for providing a substantially rectangular beam having a controlled intensity profile from an incident beam having a predetermined intensity profile along a first axis and a second axis. The beam shaping system comprises a first and a second acylindrical lens each having a primary acylindrical surface having a base curve substantially in the shape of an angle with a rounded apex. The first lens is for shaping the incident beam along the first axis and the second lens is for shaping the incident beam along the second axis. The first and the second acylindrical lenses are disposed substantially orthogonally to one another, thereby providing the substantially rectangular shaped beam in a far field region. Still another aspect of the invention provides a beam
|
['G02B2709' 'G02B2730']
|
summary
|
12,287,633
|
[claim] 1. A method for encoding an image or a motion video bit stream, comprising: storing a compressed bit stream of at least one previous block in the first storage device and the corresponding block pixel differences in the second storage device; in the still image coding: transforming block pixel values from time domain to frequency domain values; in the motion video coding: calculating block pixel differences between a target block and the corresponding best match block of pixels and transforming the block pixel differences to frequency domain values; comparing the transformed block values to previous blocks saved in the first storage device; and representing the bit stream of the target block with the bit stream of a previously compressed block of pixels temporarily stored in the second storage device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step for representing a target frame with a compressed bit stream of a neighboring frame if a sum or an average of differences of selected pixels between the target frame and at least one neighboring frame is within a predetermined threshold value. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a threshold value is compared to block pixel differences of at least two blocks within the target frame for determining similarity of a target frame to at least one neighboring frame. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein a “skip block” code is assigned to represent a target block if the block pixel differences between a target block and the corresponding target best match block is less than a predetermined threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the case that block pixel differences between a target block and the corresponding best match block is similar to block pixel differences of a previously compressed block and the corresponding best match block, then the saved bit stream of a previously compressed block is used to represent a target block. 6. A method for compressing a block of pixel components, comprising: separately transforming the block of pixels of time domain information, YUV or RGB into frequency domain information; applying the predetermined codes to represent tables of fixed length of codes for the coding of the transformed coefficients of the corresponding sub-bands; and assigning a predetermined code to represent “no more non-zero coefficient”. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the frequency transform method includes discrete cosine transform (or said the DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the DC of the DCT or DWT coefficients of block pixel differences between a target block and the corresponding best match block is represented by a predetermined value by comparing the average or sum of the block pixel differences to predetermined values. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the DC of the DCT or DWT coefficients of block pixel differences between a target block and the corresponding best match block is represented by a predetermined value by comparing the average or sum of the block pixel differences to predetermined values. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein a variable length of code is applied to represent the tables of predetermined sub-band frequency values with shorter code representing narrower range of sub-band data and longer code representing wider range of sub-band data. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein a predetermined code is reserved to represent no more non-zero coefficient within the targeted block of pixel components. 12. An apparatus for encoding a video stream, comprising: a first storage device for storing the block pixels and corresponding compressed bit stream of at least one previous block; a second storage device for storing the predetermined threshold values; a device for determining the selection of output bit stream; and an encoding device for utilizing the compressed bit stream of a previous block to represent a compressed bit stream of a target block. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the block pixel differences between a target block and the corresponding best match block is compared to the block pixel differences of previously compressed blocks and the corresponding best match blocks to determine whether the previously saved bit stream of a previously compressed block can represent the targeted block. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the DC of DCT coefficients of block pixel differences between a target block and the corresponding best match block is represented by a predetermined value. 15. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a bit stream of an intra-coded block is represented by a saved bit stream of a previously compressed block if the block pixel differences between a target block and the previously compressed block is less than a predetermined value.
|
['H04N726']
|
claim
|
11,258,433
|
[claim] 1. A capsule for containing beverage ingredients, the capsule being designed for insertion in a beverage production device in which a liquid under pressure enters the capsule in order to interact with the ingredients in the capsule and to produce a beverage from the capsule, the capsule has a sealing member on the outer surface of the capsule, the sealing member is configured to be compressible in sealing engagement with at least a matching pressing surface of the beverage production device and the sealing member is resilient. 2. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is resilient due to its shape. 3. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is arranged to exert a biasing force against the matching pressing surface of the beverage production device. 4. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is compressible and resilient due to the constituent material. 5. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member has a hollow deflectable structure. 6. The capsule according to claim 4, wherein the sealing member is designed to compress from a first uncompressed thickness to a second compressed thickness. 7. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is made of a material other than the material of the rest of the capsule. 8. The capsule according to claim 7, wherein the sealing member is made of a material having a lower hardness than the material of the rest of the capsule. 9. The capsule according to claim 6, wherein the sealing member is made of a rubber-elastic material. 10. The capsule according to claim 9, wherein the rest of the capsule is made of non-rubber elastic material and/or metal such as aluminum. 11. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is made from at least one of the constituent material(s) of the rest of the capsule. 12. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the capsule is comprised of a first and a second wall element being connected with each other in an gas-tight fashion in a flange-like rim area in order to create a sealed interior for the ingredients. 13. The capsule according to claim 7, wherein the sealing member is provided at least in the transition area of the flange-like rim and one of the wall elements. 14. The capsule according to claim 7, wherein the sealing member is provided on a wall between the flange-like rim and the location on the capsule where the water injector is introduced. 15. The capsule according to claim 1, wherein the capsule comprises a cup-like base body and a closure member. 16. The capsule according to claim 15, wherein the sealing member is present both on the flange-like rim and a portion of a side wall of the base body. 17. The capsule according to claim 11, wherein the sealing member is an integral part of one of the wall elements. 18. The capsule according to claim 6, wherein the sealing member is a piece different from the wall elements of the capsule. 19. The capsule according to claim 18, wherein the sealing member has the shape of an O-ring. 20. The capsule according to claim 19, wherein the sealing member has a L-shaped cross-section. 21. The capsule according to claim 18, wherein the sealing member is attached to one of the wall elements using an adhesive or by welding or by pinching or crimping or a combination thereof. 22. A beverage producing system, comprising a capsule for containing beverage ingredients, the capsule being designed for insertion in a beverage production device in which a liquid under pressure enters the capsule in order to interact with the ingredients in the capsule and to produce a beverage from the capsule, the capsule has a sealing member on the outer surface of the capsule, the sealing member is configured to be compressible in sealing engagement with at least a matching pressing surface of the beverage production device and the sealing member is resilient and a beverage production device, the beverage production device having an enclosing member adapted to be selectively in sealing engagement with the sealing member of the capsule. 23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the sealing engagement is only effective as long as the enclosing member exerts a minimum pressure on the capsule, but is automatically released as soon as the pressure falls below said minimum pressure. 24. The system according to claim 23, wherein grooves are provided in the circumference of the enclosing member, which grooves act as air inlet passages for feeding air through these grooves and through the released sealing engagement between the capsule and the enclosing member. 25. The system according to claim 22, wherein the enclosing member comprises additional sealing means adapted to assist to the sealing engagement between the enclosing member and the capsule. 26. The system according to claim 22, wherein the sealing pressure acting at the sealing engagement has a radial an/or axial component relative to the center axis of the capsule. 27. A method for producing a beverage, the method comprising the following steps: providing a capsule containing ingredients and comprising a first wall member and a second wall member sealed to each other by a flange-like rim, positioning the capsule in a beverage production device and producing at least one opening both in the first and the second wall member, having a liquid enter the capsule at the least one opening in the first wall member and having the liquid leave the capsule through at least one opening in the second wall member, wherein the opening in the first wall member is separated from the opening in the second wall member by a pressure-tight sealing engagement of an element of the beverage production device and a sealing member of the capsule, such that the liquid can only flow through the capsule, but not at the exterior of the capsule. 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the pressure-tight
|
['A23F500']
|
claim
|
11,442,911
|
[claim] 1. An electronic structure for limiting a temperature gradient in wiring within a multilayered substrate, said electronic structure comprising a multilayered substrate having layers stacked in a Y direction, wherein each layer of said layers has its length oriented in a X direction that is orthogonal to the Y direction, wherein first and second electrically conductive wires within a first layer of said layers have their respective lengths oriented in the X direction, wherein the first wire is electrically and thermally coupled to the second wire by an electrically and thermally conductive structure that exists outside of the first layer, wherein the first and second wires do not physically touch each other, wherein the first wire is adapted to have a temperature distribution T(X) along its length at a given current density J in the first wire, wherein a width distribution of the second wire in a Z direction that is orthogonal to the X and Y directions is tailored so as to limit the temperature gradient dT(X)/dX to be below a real positive number E for all values of X, and wherein E is predetermined to be sufficiently small so as to substantially mitigate adverse effects of electromigration in the first wire. 2. The electronic structure of claim 1, wherein the first wire is coupled to a current source. 3. The electronic structure of claim 1, wherein the mean time to failure of the first wire at the current density J is about minimal with respect to variations in the width of the second wire. 4. The electronic structure of claim 1, wherein the electrically and thermally conductive structure includes: a first electrically and thermally conductive via oriented in the Y direction such that the first via is electrically and thermally connected to the first wire; a second electrically and thermally conductive via oriented in the Y direction such that the second via is electrically and thermally connected to the second wire; and a third electrically conductive wire in a second layer of said layers, wherein the third wire has its length oriented in the X direction, wherein the second layer is above or below the first layer, and wherein the third wire is electrically and thermally connected to the first and second vias. 5. The electronic structure of claim 4, wherein the second layer is disposed between the first layer and a device layer of the substrate, and wherein the second wire is a heat sink to the first wire at the current density J in the first wire. 6. The electronic structure of claim 5, wherein the electrical resistivity of the first wire is less than the electrical resistivity of the second wire. 7. The electronic structure of claim 4, wherein the first layer is disposed between the second layer and a device layer of the substrate, and wherein the second wire is a heat source to the first wire at the current density J in the first wire. 8. The electronic structure of claim 7, wherein the electrical resistivity of the first wire exceeds the electrical resistivity of the second wire. 9. The electronic structure of claim 1, wherein the substrate further comprises a thermally conductive layer having a thermally conductive member therein and a device layer, wherein the thermally conductive layer is above or below the first layer, wherein the thermally conductive member and the device layer are thermally coupled to each other by a dielectric layer disposed between the first wire and the thermally conductive member and by at least one thermally conductive via disposed between the thermally conductive member and the device layer, wherein the dielectric layer has a sufficiently small thickness in the Y direction that permits conductive heat transfer through the thickness of the dielectric layer, and wherein the thermally conductive member does not carry an electric current. 10. The electronic structure of claim 9, wherein the thermally conductive layer is disposed between the first layer and the device layer. 11. The electronic structure of claim 9, wherein the first layer is disposed between the thermally conductive layer and the device layer. 12. The electronic structure of claim 9, wherein the at least one thermally conductive via is in mechanical contact with a portion of the device layer that does not include an active electronic device.
|
['H05B102']
|
claim
|
12,174,197
|
[description] FIG. 1A is an exemplary view of an image displayed to a slot machine according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1B is another exemplary view of an image displayed to a slot machine according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1C is another exemplary view of an image displayed to a slot machine according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1D is another exemplary view of an image displayed to a slot machine according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a slot machine according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a payout table in the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a specific combination. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a count value to be stored in RAM. FIG. 7A is an exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 7B is another exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 7C is another exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 8A is an exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 8B is another exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 8C is another exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 9A is an exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 9B is another exemplary view of an image displayed to the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing main processing conducted in the slot machine shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of insurance setting processing. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a subroutine of game execution processing A (non-insurance mode). FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a subroutine of game execution processing B (insurance mode). FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a subroutine of rescue-pay execution processing. FIG. 15 is a chart illustrating a procedure of activation processing executed by the mother board and the gaming board shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 16 is a chart illustrating a procedure of peripheral-device initialization processing. FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a subroutine of to-be-stopped symbol determination processing. FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a subroutine of reel rotation control processing. FIGS. 19A to 19D are side views for explaining the reel rotation. FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing a correspondence table of the number of steps and code No. FIG. 21 is a flow chart illustrating a subroutine of rescue-pay execution processing according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22 is a diagrammatic view showing an entire configuration of a game system according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23 is a chart illustrating a procedure of activation processing executed by the central controller shown in FIG. 22. FIG. 24 is a perspective view schematically showing a slot machine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
|
['A63F924']
|
detailed_description
|
12,101,844
|
[claim] 1. An apparatus for a guiding a tool, comprising: an elongated member having one or more switchable magnets disposed thereon. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the elongated member is flexible along a longitudinal axis thereof. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the elongated member is constructed of a non-magnetic material selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, carbon fiber, aluminum, magnesium, carbon fiber, ceramic, wood, resins, and fiber glass. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switchable magnet comprises a housing having a low magnetic reluctance path, a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, and a switch for causing relative rotation of the first and second permanent magnets within the housing. 5. An apparatus for guiding one or more tools, comprising: an elongated body comprising at least two segments that are hinged together; and one or more switchable magnets disposed on at least one of the segments, wherein each segment comprises two side walls disposed about a body, the body providing a housing for the magnet. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the segments can articulate along a latitudinal axis of the body. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein each side wall comprises a socket formed in a first end thereof and a protrusion disposed on a second end thereof. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein two segments can be articulated about one another by a joint formed by the protrusions and sockets. 9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the two or more segments comprise a non-magnetic material. 10. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein each segment is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of polyolefin, carbon fiber, aluminum, magnesium, carbon fiber, ceramic, wood, resins, and fiber glass. 11. A method for guiding one or more tools comprising: locating a guide on a magnetically susceptible surface, the guide comprising: an elongated body comprising at least two segments that are hinged together; and one or more switchable magnets disposed on at least one of the segments, wherein each segment comprises two side walls disposed about a body, the body providing a housing for the magnet; securing at least a portion of the guide to the magnetically susceptible surface by switching at least one of the one or more switchable magnets to an on position; positioning one or more tools about the guide; and moving the one or more tools along at least a portion of the guide. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the two or more segments are articulatingly connected. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the tool comprises an automated tool. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the guide is placed at a predetermined distance from a seam between two magnetically susceptible surfaces. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the guide is placed at a predetermined distance from a seam between two magnetically susceptible surfaces; and wherein the tool welds at least a portion of the seam to provide a welded seam. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the tool is adapted to cut at least a portion of the magnetically susceptible surface. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the switchable magnet comprises a housing having a low magnetic reluctance path, a first permanent magnet, a second permanent magnet, and a switch for causing relative rotation of the first and second permanent magnets within the housing. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein each segment comprises two side walls disposed about a body, the body providing a housing for the magnet. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein each side wall comprises a socket formed in a first end thereof and a protrusion disposed on a second end thereof so that the segments can articulate along a latitudinal axis of the body. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the segments comprise a non-magnetic material.
|
['B23Q300' 'H01F704' 'B23Q3154']
|
claim
|
12,360,255
|
DECURLING MECHANISM [SEP] [abstract] A decurling mechanism is configured so that a position changing roller moves a decurling roller among a plurality of decurling positions from the weakest decurling position to the strong decurling position. In this manner, the decurling force applied to each piece of paper web is set large when the piece of paper web has a length not smaller than a predetermined value, but set small when the piece of paper web has a length smaller than the predetermined value.
|
['G03G1500']
|
abstract
|
10,537,926
|
[description] While the invention may be susceptible to embodiment in different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail, a specific embodiment with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to that as illustrated and described herein. Referring now to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a conductive terminal 4 of the present invention used in an electrical connector is similar with the prior art and connects between an electronic component (not shown) and a circuit board (not shown). The conductive terminal 4 pre-sets a solder ball 6 onto an end thereof. The electrical connector comprises an insulative housing 5 and a plurality of conductive terminals 4. The insulative housing 5 has a mounting surface 51 which is positioned proximate to the circuit board (such as motherboard of a computer) and a receiving surface 52 for supporting the electronic component (such as central processing unit, “CPU”). The insulative housing 5 defines a plurality of terminal channels 53 extending through the mounting surface 51 and the receiving surface 52. To easily illuminate, it is drawn in the FIGS. that the insulative housing 5 has a single terminal channel 53. Each conductive terminal 4 is respectively received in the corresponding terminal channels 53. The conductive terminal 4 has a first wall 41, a second wall 42 connecting with one side of the first wall 41 in an approximately 90 degrees angle and a third wall 43 connecting with the other side of the second wall 42 in an approximately 90 degrees angle and opposite to the first wall 41 in some distance. The connecting corner of the first wall 41 and the second wall 42 defines a plurality of hollows 44 so as to make the connecting corner of the first wall 41 and the second wall 42 have lower intensity and the first wall 41 easily bend along the hollows 44. Similarly, the connecting corner of the third wall 43 and the second wall 42 defines a plurality of hollows 44 so as to make the third wall 43 easily bend along the hollows 44 to the second wall 42. When the conductive terminal 4 is respectively received in the corresponding terminal channel 53, one end of the conductive terminal 4 adjacent to the mounting surface 51 forms a mounting portion 401 and the opposite end to the mounting portion 401 of the conductive terminal 4 adjacent to the receiving surface 52 forms a contact portion 402. The mounting portion 401 comprises a first horizontal portion 45 extending and bending in an approximately 90 degrees from one end of the first wall 41 adjacent to the mounting surface 51 toward the third wall 43, and a second horizontal portion 46 extending and bending in an approximately 90 degrees angle from the third wall 43 adjacent to the mounting surface 51 toward the first wall 41 so that a gap 452 is defined by the ends of the first horizontal portion 45 and the second horizontal portion 46. In this embodiment, referring to FIG. 5, the first horizontal portion 45, the second horizontal portion 46 and the mounting surface 51 of the insulative housing 5 are approximately in a same plane. The first horizontal portion 45 defines a first recess 451 semicircle depressed to the terminal channel 53 and the second horizontal portion 46 defines a second recess 461 semicircle depressed to the terminal channel 53. The first recess 451 and the second recess 461 forms a concavity structure for receiving the solder ball 6. The contact portion 402 comprises a first spring arm 47 formed on one side of the first wall 41 adjacent to the receiving surface 52 and a second spring arm 48 formed on one side of the second wall 42 adjacent to the receiving surface 52. A free end of the first spring arm 47 and a free end of the second spring arm 48 are adjacent to form a spring receiving structure to provide an insert arm of an electrical component (not shown) inserting. Because the contact portion 402 is not the point of novelty of the present invention and its principle of electrically connecting is similar with a corresponding structure of the conductive terminal of the ZIF electrical connector (not shown), here it is not illuminated in detail. Referring to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6, in assembly, the conductive terminal 4 can insert the corresponding terminal channels 53 of the insulative housing 5 from the mounting surface 51 of the insulative housing 5 (referring to FIG. 4) and the conductive terminal 4 can also insert the corresponding terminal channels 53 of the insulative housing 5 from the receiving surface 52 of the insulative housing 5 (referring to FIG. 6). When the conductive terminal 4 can insert the corresponding terminal channels 53 of the insulative housing 5 from the mounting surface 51 of the insulative housing 5, the mounting portion 401 of the conductive terminal 4 can hold the inserting conductive terminal 4. Contrary, when the conductive terminal 4 can also insert the corresponding terminal channels 53 of the insulative housing 5 from the receiving surface 52 of the insulative housing 5, one end of the second wall 42 forms a handle 49 corresponding to the first spring arm 47 and the second spring arm 48 to hold the inserting conductive terminal 4. Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the mounting portion 401 of the conductive terminal 4 locates the solder ball 6 by its first horizontal portion 45 and the second horizontal portion 46. The first recess 451 defined at the end of the first horizontal portion 45 and the second recess 461 defined at the end of the second horizontal portion 46 form a concavity structure which connects the surface of the solder ball 6. When the solder ball 6 contacts with the mounting portion 401, the solder ball 6
|
['H05K100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,978,292
|
[summary] The problems identified above are in large part addressed by the systems, arrangements, methods and media disclosed herein to provide a 3270 compatible terminal with an integrated browser or a browser “plug-in” capability. In some embodiments the 3270 compatible terminal can seamlessly blend features provided by legacy 3270 terminals with Web content processing features such as a graphical user interface. Thus, the 3270 compatible terminal can display data that conforms to Web standards such as data that conforms to an HTML format, while operating in a 3270 communication session with a mainframe computer. Accordingly, a user can interact with a browser supported graphical user interface (GUI) and such an interaction can be placed in a 3270 format and communicated back to the mainframe. In some embodiments, a method is disclosed that receives a transmission in a 3270 compatible format, where the transmission can include browser compatible data. The method can also include detecting a trigger in the transmission, activating a browser engine in response to the detected trigger, and processing the browser compatible data with the browser engine. In some embodiments the 3270 compatible terminal can receive a query from a mainframe computer regarding whether the 3270 compatible terminal has browser capabilities. If the 3270 compatible terminal has browser capabilities the 3270 compatible terminal can transmit a reply to the query affirming that the 3270 compatible terminal has the capability. In other embodiments the browser compatible data can be displayed in a graphical user interface format. If a user exits the 3270 session, for example by selecting a hyperlink in the GUI, the system can detect such a change (which typically suspends the 3270 communication session) and provide for multiple recovery options. These recovery options may be user selectable. Recovery options can include creating an error message and/or returning to the previously displayed page. In other embodiments the system can force the previously displayed screen to be restored on a display. If a subsequent transmission is received that does not have a trigger then the browser engine can be deactivated and the 3270 compatible terminal can revert to a traditional 3270 display mode. The browser compatible data can take many forms such as a hypertext markup language (HTML) format. The HTML data can be embedded in the 3270 compatible transmission. Thus, the compatible terminal and/or the browser engine can unwrap 3270 type packets and the browser can process and display the hypertext mark-up language. In another embodiment, a system is disclosed. The system can include a 3270 data stream manager module to process a 3270 compatible data stream received from a 3270 compatible application, the 3270 compatible application to envelope a browser compatible language into the 3270 compatible data stream. The system can also include a trigger detector module to detect a trigger in 3270 compatible data stream and a browser engine to receive and process the browser compatible language in response to the detected trigger. In yet another embodiment, a data stream manager can activate the browser engine and provide the 3270 compatible data stream to the browser engine based on the detection of the trigger. In addition, the switch can switch the data stream to the browser engine in response to the trigger. In some embodiments a query reply module can respond to a query from a mainframe computer affirming that the 3270 compatible terminal has a browser capability. In some embodiments the 3270 compatible terminal can have a session state module to detect if a currently displayed page does not reflect the latest transmission from the mainframe and can invoke a recovery mode. In another embodiment, a machine-accessible medium containing instructions which, when the instructions are executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations. Such operations can include receiving a transmission in a 3270 compatible format, detecting a trigger in the transmission, activating a browser engine in response to the detected trigger, and processing the browser compatible data with the browser engine. The 3270 compatible terminal can also provide other terminal behaviors that can conduct Web interactions. For example the browser engine may provide translations between 3270 compatible format and hypertext mark-up language (HTML). Some embodiments can include a database in the mainframe to associate and enforce the pairing of a set of captured input data with a set of terminal display data where the display data is data utilized to capture the user input. This feature allows a terminal user to change the terminal display mode a 3270 session to an off-line browser session such that the terminal can “stray” from the 3270 session to a browser activity within the 3270 session and the 3270 compatible terminal can return to the 3270 session without having to breakdown or leave the 3270 session. The system can deliver Web type content to the user and can directly display the content as if it is received in place of 3270 standard data display. The system can operate in such a browser mode without bypassing long established and tested security access barriers built in to the communications support systems for 3270. Architectures that bypass 3270 communications handling require legacy software applications to be reworked for the new interface, which is an expensive undertaking. A middle tier server may be required to enforce session control in such architectures to map each terminal user to a particular task tread of the application in the mainframe.
|
['G06F1516' 'G06F3048']
|
summary
|
12,426,596
|
IMAGE PROCESSOR, INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS [SEP] [abstract] An image processor includes a statistic-data acquiring section acquiring statistic data of a luminance value of a displayed image, the statistic-value acquiring section acquires, as the statistic data, a first index regarding a shadow pixel group and a second index regarding a highlight pixel group; a brightness index computing section computing a brightness index of the displayed image based on the statistic data, the brightness index computing section computing the brightness index from the first and the second indexes; a filtering section filtering luminance values of at least a part of a plurality of pixels included in a target pixel region of the displayed image to compute a local average luminance value; and a contrast correcting section performing contrast correction of the displayed image based on the brightness index and the local average luminance value.
|
['G06K940']
|
abstract
|
11,759,293
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a plurality of divider systems in accordance with one aspect of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a plurality of divider systems in accordance with another aspect the present invention arranged in one arrangement; FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the plurality of divider systems of FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of a single divider unit in accordance with one aspect of the present invention having an integrated work surface; FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of a single divider unit in accordance with another aspect of the present invention having an integrated seating area; FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a divider unit in accordance with one aspect of the invention coupled with a desk system; FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a divider unit in accordance with another aspect of the invention coupled with the desk system of FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another divider system in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of the divider system of FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a rear elevational view of the divider system of FIGS. 8 and 9; FIG. 11 is a side cross-sectional view of the divider system of FIGS. 8 through 10 illustrating a viewing passage configuration; FIG. 12 is a side cross-sectional view of a divider system designed for individual use having a viewing passage designed for use with a display; FIG. 13 is a side cross-sectional view of a divider system designed for individual use having integrated work and seating surfaces and a viewing passage configuration; FIG. 14 is a side cross-sectional view of a divider system designed for individual use having an integrated work surface and a viewing passage configuration; FIG. 15 is a side cross-sectional view of a pair of divider systems having complementary viewing passages; FIGS. 16 and 17 are side views of paired divider systems arranged in various of configurations; and FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a divider system having integrated informational areas and a viewing passage configuration.
|
['E04H100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,529,442
|
[description] The compounds for use in the present invention are described in detail below. Incidentally, in the present invention, when a group (atomic group) is denoted without specifying whether substituted or unsubstituted, the group includes both a group having no substituent and a group having a substituent. For example, an “alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group). [1] Resins (A-1) and (A-2) which are insoluble or sparingly soluble in an alkali developer and of which solubility in an alkali developer increases under the action of an acid The resin of which solubility in an alkali developer increases under the action of an acid, contained in the positive resist composition of the present invention, is at least either a resin (A-1) comprising a repeating unit represented by formula (Ia) and a repeating unit represented by formula (A1), or a resin (A-2) comprising a repeating unit represented by formula (Ib) and a repeating unit represented by formula (A2). In formula (Ia), AR represents an aromatic group, preferably a phenyl group (a hydroxyphenyl group as a phenyl group having a substituent), a naphthyl group or an anthranyl group. The aromatic group as AR may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkyl group, a cyano group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, a nitro group and a halogen atom. As for the alkoxy group, acyl group, acyloxy group, alkyl group, aryloxy group, aralkyl group and aryl group, the carbon number is 12 or less, preferably 6 or less. X1 represents a group having a carbon number of 5 or more and being capable of decomposing under the action of an acid (acid-decomposable group). More specifically, this is a group such that X1 splits off under the action of an acid and the oxygen atom in formula (Ia) forms a hydroxyl group, for example, a group where the atom bonded to the oxygen atom in formula (Ia) is a tertiary carbon atom. Examples of the group of X1 having a carbon number of 5 or more and being capable of decomposing under the action of an acid include a tertiary alkyl group such as tert-amyl group, an isoboronyl group, a 1-alkoxyethyl group such as 1-butoxyethyl group, 1-isobutoxyethyl group and 1-cyclohexyloxyethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group, a tetrahydropyranyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a 3-oxocyclohexyl ester group, a 2-methyl-2-adamantyl group and a mevalonic lactone residue. This acid-decomposable group preferably has a carbon number of 6 to 15 and preferably has an alicyclic structure. The alicyclic structure may be either monocyclic or polycyclic. Specific examples thereof include monocyclo, bicyclo, tricyclco and tetracyclo structures having a carbon number of 5 or more. The carbon number thereof is preferably 6 to 30, more preferably from 7 to 25. Such an alicyclic ring may have a substituent. Specific examples of the alicyclic structure are set forth below. In the present invention, among these alicyclic structures, preferred are, as denoted in terms of the monovalent alicyclic group, an adamantyl group, a noradamantyl group, a decalin residue, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, a norbornyl group, a cedrol group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclodecanyl group and a cyclododecanyl group, more preferred are an adamantyl group, a decalin residue, a norbornyl group, a cedrol group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclodecanyl group and a cyclododecanyl group. Examples of the substituent which the alicyclic ring in these structures may have include an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group and an alkoxycarbonyl group. The alkyl group is preferably a lower alkyl group such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group and butyl group, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or an isopropyl group. The alkoxy group includes an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 4, such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and butoxy group. The alkyl group and the alkoxy group each may further have a substituent, and examples of the substituent which the alkyl group and the alkoxy group may further have include a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom and an alkoxy group. The acid-decomposable group having an alicyclic structure is preferably a group represented by any one of the following formulae (pI) to (pV): wherein R11, represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a sec-butyl group, Z represents an atomic group necessary for forming an alicyclic hydrocarbon group together with the carbon atom, R12 to R16 each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of R12 to R14 or either one of R15 and R16 represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, R17 to R21 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of R17 to R21 represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group and that either one of R21 and R2, represents a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, R22 to R25 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of R22 to R25 represents an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and R23 and R24 may combine with each other to form a ring. In formulae (pI) to (pV), the alkyl group of R12 to R25 is a linear or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be substituted or unsubstituted, and examples of the alkyl group include a methyl
|
['G03C100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,900,620
|
[description] Also, since 1108 might not hear this periodic message because of interference, node 1133 steps to the next channel R2, and repeats this procedure; that is, the node 1133 steps to the next channel R2 and listens and measures the signal strength on that channel, and makes another decision. Consequently, if node 1133 passes the procedure 1 for channel R2, it will also transmit periodic messages on that corresponding channel (T2) simultaneously, The number of simultaneous transmissions of these messages on different channels by the node 1133 is limited to five channels. Node 1133 also monitors the receiver channels in band D on the receiver channels paired to its message transmissions. For example, if it is sending a message on channel T1 in band C, it will be monitoring channel R1 in band D. If it hears a transmission from 1188 (as will be described below), the link is established. When 1133 hears a message from 1188, it cancels its other tentative transmissions. Procedure 2 Node 1188 is monitoring potential channels in band C for a link from an arbitrary node. If node 1188 hears a good signal from node 1133 on a particular channel, then node 1188 measures the signal strength in the period between the periodic transmissions. If the signal in the period is less than 10 Db over threshold, then node 1188 accepts the channel and signals back to node 1133 on the corresponding channel in band D that they have established communications. If the signal in the period between transmissions is over 10 Db over threshold the channel is not accepted, and node 1188 monitors other channels. If node 1188 can not hear this transmission from 1133, 1133 will in the meantime monitor other channels. When node 1188 hears a good transmission, it has passed test 2. When node 1188 measures the signal strength in the period between periodic messages and learns that it is less than 10 Db over threshold, node 1188 knows it will not interfere with the other users. Due to signal reciprocity, the received signal from node 1108 at the other users receiver would be less than 10 Db over threshold. Node 1180 knows a priori that the other desired signal is over 30 Db over threshold. Consequently, node 1188 knows it will not interfere with that previous user. This passes test 3. Refer to FIG. 14 for a flow chart of this procedure. Thus, implementation of the two aforementioned two procedures will pass the four tests. Furthermore, the requirement of adding tones and digital data streams to all ongoing conversations is eliminated. The only requirement is that all ongoing conversations be at least 30 Db over threshold, and that the procedures eliminate channels that have a signal over 10 Db over threshold. As alluded to above, the node to node communications bands are Bands C, D, E, and F. The selection of a channel pair between node 1133 (Lincolnshire) and node 1188 (Libertyville), is independent of whether node 1133 received this routing demand from a remote or from another node. The routing and channel selection process works such that the routing and channel selection process originates with node 1133 and works towards node 1108 and node 1193. Channel Assignment for the Second and Following Node to Node Links The process that node 1108 (Libertyville) goes through to establish channel selections with node 1193 (Grayslake) are identical to the processes just described. However, since node 1180 is an even number node, it does its scanning and tentative transmissions in a different pair of bands. Site 1188 will tentatively transmit in band E and listen in band F. Once the call reaches the final node 1193 (Grayslake), it is connected to the drop near the Round Lake Exchange in a manner similar to that described above in the node to remote communication. In the process of connecting a node to a drop, the direction of control is from the node to the drop. This direction is the reverse of the direction that is used to connect a remote to a node. The method is essentially similar to the method used to connect the remote to the node, but the call and control is initiated in the node. Two separate bands (Bands A and B in Table I) for node to drop is included as described above in the system. As will be appreciated, the remote to node signaling and communication is placed inn one pair of bands, and the node to drop signaling and communication is placed in another pair of bands. If a node receives a connection from a remote that desires to communicate with a prefix that is not in the routing table, the node will connect the call to the drop with the least number of links in the route as described above. Since the computer in each node knows the number of links to each drop, the computer can choose a nearby drop. In effect when a call arrives for a new prefix, the computer has established a route to a nearby drop and the call is processed as above. If the operator of the wireless system described herein wants to avoid using the local phone company for long distance calls, the drops to the connection points to the long distance carrier would participate in the route establishment procedure as described above. They would use an arbitrary prefix such as 900 to indicate a drop for connection to long distance. In most installations of the above system, the system will be installed in a single area code. However, to install a system in an area that is serviced by multiple area codes, the area code and the prefix must be utilized together as a single destination in the routing as described above. Handoff When an active remote user such as a vehicular user moves from one geographic area to another area, his call is handed off between nodes. Hand off is ah important part of the present system, and
|
['H04Q720']
|
detailed_description
|
11,754,145
|
[summary] The present invention is directed to a system and method which provides a platform for organizing, storing, and providing information between users and providers of services. Users interact with an application that provides guidelines that assist in the organization and display of information related to the service. Through the application users are reminded of tasks that need to be performed as well as can obtain information about a service, procedure, etc. Providers access the system to review information related to the users in preparation for delivery of the service. Providers can also communicate with the users prior to rendering services. Access to the system by the providers may be controlled or limited by the patient. The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present invention.
|
['G06F1900' 'G06F1730']
|
summary
|
12,313,445
|
[description] The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and drawings of illustrative embodiments of the invention wherein like reference numbers refer to similar elements throughout the several views and in which: FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic high level block diagram of a multi-processor system in accordance with the present invention including a first processor that is always powered on and a second processor that is normally powered off and energized only in response to a request to perform a specific operation; and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary implementation of the present invention for use in an implantable medical device.
|
['G06F132']
|
detailed_description
|
11,551,323
|
[description] This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ by Thompson et al., entitled Method of Making Light Emitting Device Having a Molded Encapsulant”, and filed of even date herewith (Docket 61404US003). This application is also related to: commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/255711 by Boardman et al., entitled “Method of Making Light Emitting Device with Silicon-Containing Encapsulant”, filed Oct. 21, 2005, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/727472 by Boardman et al., entitled “Method of Making Light Emitting Device with Silicon-Containing Encapsulant”, filed Oct. 17, 2005; commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/255712 by Boardman et al., entitled “Method of Making Light Emitting Device with Silicon-Containing Encapsulant”, filed Oct. 21, 2005, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/727532 by Boardman et al., entitled “Method of Making Light Emitting Device with Silicon-Containing Encapsulant”, filed Oct. 17, 2005; and commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/252336 by Boardman et al., entitled “Method of Making Light Emitting Device with Silicon-Containing Encapsulant”, and filed Oct. 17, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/993,460, filed Nov. 18, 2004, now allowed; the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. The method described herein employs a mold that comprises a mold material and can be shaped so as to impart a desired complimentary shape to the outer surface of the encapsulant. As used herein, “encapsulant” refers to an at least partially polymerized silicon-containing resin. Any material capable of being formed into a mold may be used, and in general, it is usually desirable for the mold material to have a glass transition temperature greater than the particular temperature(s) used in a method of making the light emitting device as described below. Examples of mold materials include polymeric materials such as fluoroelastomers, polyolefins, polystyrene, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyethers, polycarbonates, polymethyl methacrylate; and inorganic materials comprising ceramics, quartz, sapphire, metals, and certain glasses. Even organic-inorganic hybrid materials may be used as the mold; exemplary hybrid materials include fluorinated materials described by Choi et al. in Langmuir, Vol. 21, page 9390 (2005). The mold may be transparent such as a transparent ceramic; a transparent mold would be useful in cases where the actinic radiation is applied through the mold. The mold can also be non-transparent such as an opaque ceramic, an opaque plastic, or a metal. The mold can be fabricated by conventional machining, diamond turning, contact lithography, projection lithography, interference lithography, etching, or any other suitable technique. The mold may be an original master mold or a daughter mold thereof. Molding may be referred to as reactive embossing. The surface of the mold that contacts the photopolymerizable composition, or the partially polymerized composition, may be coated with a release material in order to facilitate removal of the mold from the surface that has been molded. For example, with a steel or nickel mold, it may be useful to spray the molding surface with a 2 to 5 weight percent solution of a household detergent in water every 5 to 10 cycles. Fluorocarbon release agents can also be used. One light emitting device or a plurality of light emitting devices may be fabricated simultaneously using a single mold. The mold may be shaped so as to impart any useful structure on the surface of the photopolymerizable composition or the partially polymerized composition. For example, the mold may be shaped so as to form a refractive lens on the LED. Lensing refers to the uniform (or nearly uniform) curvature of a substantial portion of the surface of the encapsulant to form a positive or negative lens, the diameter of which is approximately the size of the package or reflector cup. In general, a lensed surface can be characterized by a “radius of curvature.” The radius of curvature can be either positive, denoting a convex surface or negative denoting a concave surface or infinite denoting a flat surface. Lensing can improve light extraction by reducing the total internal reflections of light incident at the encapsulant-air interface. It can also change the angular distribution of light emitted from the light emitting device. Referring to FIG. 1, light emitting device 10 comprising an unmolded encapsulant 6 is shown. LED 2 is mounted on a metallized contact 3a disposed on a substrate 7 in a reflector cup 4. LED 2 has one electrical contact on its lowermost surface and another on its uppermost surface, the latter of which is connected to a separate electrical contact 3b by a wire bond 5. A power source can be coupled to the electrical contacts to energize the LED. Surface 8 of encapsulant 6 is not molded. FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of exemplary light emitting device 20 in which surface 22 of encapsulant 24 is molded in the shape of a hemispherical lens approximately the size of the reflector cup 26. FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of another exemplary light emitting device 30, except that the device does not have a reflector cup. In this case, surface 32 of encapsulant 34 is also molded in the shape of a hemispherical lens. The surface may also be shaped with macrostructures having a characteristic dimension that is smaller than the package size, but much larger than the wavelength of visible light. That is, each macrostructure may have a dimension of from 10 μm to 1 mm. The spacing or period between each macrostructure may also be from 10 μm to 1 mm (or about ⅓ the size of the LED package). Examples of macrostructures include surfaces that, when viewed in cross-section, appear to be shaped like a sine wave, triangular wave, square wave, rectified sine wave, saw tooth wave, cycloid (more generally curtate cycloid), or rippled. The periodicity of the macrostructures may be one- or two-dimensional. Surfaces with one-dimensional periodicity have repeat structures along only one major direction of the surface. In one particular example, the mold may comprise any of the
|
['H01L2100']
|
detailed_description
|
12,493,815
|
[invention] Metal parts frequently fail their intended use, due not only to fracturing but also to wear and abrasion, including mechanical wear (abrasion and pressure), chemical corrosion, and/or heat. Wear changes a metal part dimensionally and as such functionally. Processes are known for repairing worn metal parts where a durable material is adhered to the degraded surface. Similarly, a durable material may be adhered to a not previously worn surface which may be expected to experience wear. For metal components, this is commonly known as cladding or hard-facing, which can be defined as the application of building up wear-resistant material onto a part's surface by means of welding or joining. The cost of cladding is considerably less expensive than replacement costs and since cladding can be applied to a variety of base metals like: steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, and copper-based alloys, it is widely used throughout industry today. Previous methods and systems for cladding use a single electrode having a diameter sufficiently large to deposit cladding material at a cost effective rate. However, this typically results in deeper penetration and higher admixture. Other systems use strip cladding, which is inflexible and not applicable for use with a wide range of alloys. Moreover, the strip electrodes are costly to manufacture and use.
|
['B23K904']
|
background
|
12,224,521
|
[claim] 10. A method for the detection, at the correct time, of print marks located at regular intervals on a print web, comprising: providing a camera with a processing unit assigned to the camera; continuously feeding process data from a drive control system to the processing unit, wherein the drive control system controls a movement of the print web; calculating a plurality of initial detection times based on the supplied process data, where the initial detection times are coordinated with one another such that a print mark is shown on at least one image recorded at one of the initial detection times using the camera; activating the camera at the initial detection times to record images; evaluating the recorded images by searching for a print mark on the images and obtaining initialization data by the processing unit; calculating a first pass detection time based on the initialization data and the supplied process data by the processing unit such that a print mark is shown on an image recorded at the first pass detection time using the camera; activating the camera at a first pass detection time to record an image; and subsequently repeating the following steps: evaluating at least the last recorded image in each instance and determining a correction value for a next pass detection time by the processing unit, calculating a next pass detection time based on the initialization data and the supplied process data by the processing unit and correction of the next pass detection time with the aid of the correction value by the processing unit, activating the camera at the respective next pass detection time to record an image with a print mark. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the processing unit is integrated in a housing of the camera. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein a plurality of cameras are provided, each assigned a processing unit, the respective processing unit determining the initial detection times and the pass detection times individually for the assigned camera. 13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the respective correction value is determined when evaluating the images based on the deviation of the print mark shown from a centered position. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the continuously supplied process data includes data relating to the speed of the print web. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the continuously supplied process data includes data relating to the speed of a print cylinder transporting the print web. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the continuously supplied process data further includes data relating to the position of a print cylinder transporting the print web and/or its acceleration and/or a printed page format.
|
['G06K900']
|
claim
|
11,647,127
|
[claim] 1. A boosted voltage level detector in a semiconductor memory device comprising: a voltage divider for dividing a boosted voltage and outputting a divided voltage; and a comparison unit for comparing a reference voltage corresponding to a voltage level of a target voltage with the divided voltage and outputting a level detection signal, wherein the voltage divider includes: a first voltage drop element connected between a boosted voltage terminal and an output terminal of the voltage divider, having a negative temperature coefficient; and a second voltage drop element connected between the output terminal of the voltage divider and a ground voltage terminal, having a positive temperature coefficient. 2. The boosted voltage level detector of claim 1, wherein the first voltage drop element includes an active circuit resistor. 3. The boosted voltage level detector of claim 2, wherein the active circuit resistor is a diode-connected bipolar transistor or a diode-connected MOS transistor. 4. The boosted voltage level detector of claim 3, wherein the first voltage drop element includes a passive resistor. 5. A boosted voltage level detector in a semiconductor memory device comprising: a voltage divider for dividing a boosted voltage and outputting a divided voltage; and a threshold voltage detecting means for detecting whether the divided voltage is higher than a predetermined critical voltage or not, wherein the voltage divider includes: a first voltage drop element connected between a boosted voltage terminal and an output terminal of the voltage divider, having a negative temperature coefficient; and a second voltage drop element connected between the output terminal of the voltage divider and a ground voltage terminal, having a positive temperature coefficient. 6. The boosted voltage level detector of claim 5, wherein the first voltage drop element includes an active circuit resistor. 7. The boosted voltage level detector of claim 6, wherein the active circuit resistor is a diode-connected bipolar transistor or a diode-connected MOS transistor. 8. The boosted voltage level detector of claim 7, wherein the first voltage drop element includes a passive resistor. 9. A method for detecting a voltage level of a boosted voltage in a semiconductor memory device comprising: dividing the boosted voltage by using both a first voltage drop element having a negative temperature coefficient and a second voltage drop element having a positive temperature coefficient; and producing a level detection signal in response to a divided voltage.
|
['G11C704']
|
claim
|
12,321,549
|
[summary] Various features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned from practice of the invention. It is at least one aspect of one embodiment of the present invention to provide for a process of constructing large diameter tanks in which a first segment of a tank cylindrical wall is constructed on a mandrel. Following construction and curing of the first cylindrical tank wall segment, the mandrel mold walls are detached from the cured tank wall segment and the mandrel is raised to a second position above the height of the first tank segment. The raised mandrel may then be used to form a second cylindrical wall segment which is integrally joined to an overlapping portion of the lower tank wall segment. By repeating the above steps, a tank of virtually any desired diameter may be constructed to a desired height. Since the mandrel is being raised as opposed to the tank walls, the weight and safety limitations associated with elevating a tank wall is avoided. It is yet a further aspect of at least one embodiment of the present invention to provide for a mandrel for constructing large diameter tanks, namely tanks having either a diameter greater than about 60 feet or a height greater than about 30 feet. The mandrel includes a center pivot with a series of radial trusses and interconnecting supports extending therefrom. The supports are used to position a plurality of mandrel wall panels having a curvature such that the plurality of interlocking panels form an integral wall template upon which wound fibers may be applied. The assembled mandrel may be rotated by a series of drive wheels which support the circumferential edge of the mandrel, the drive wheels positioned on an appropriate track. The drive wheels have a hydraulic drive mechanism, or other mechanism such as an electric drive, to rotate the mandrel at a speed sufficient for application of fibers by an adjacent vertical winding machine. It is yet a further aspect of at least one embodiment of the present invention to provide for a process of constructing a large diameter tank comprising providing a tank wall mandrel; supporting a circumference of the mandrel with a plurality of drive wheels and support wheels; positioning a plurality of curved panels along an exterior of the mandrel; rotating the mandrel and the curved panels by use of the drive wheels; positioning a vertical winder, such as a vertical tower and material carriage winder, adjacent the rotary mandrel; applying glass fibers from the vertical carriage winder to the surface of the curved panels, thereby constructing a segment of a tank wall shell; detaching the curved panels from the interior surface of the tank wall shell; positioning the curved panels above the previously formed tank wall shell; rotating the mandrel and the previously formed tank shell; applying additional glass fibers to the rotating curved panels and to an upper portion of the tank wall skin, thereby forming a unitary tank shell; and, repeating the last four steps until a desired tank shell height is obtained. These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
|
['B65D9002' 'B65D9008']
|
summary
|
12,588,015
|
[claim] 1. A negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries, comprising a hydrogen-absorbing alloy represented by the represented by the general formula Ln1-xMgxNiy-a-bAlaMb, where Ln is at least one element selected from Zr, Ti, and a rare-earth element including Y; M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P, and B; 0.05≦x≦0.30; 0.05≦a≦0.30; 0≦b≦0.50; and 2.8≦y≦3.9, the hydrogen-absorbing alloy having three layers layered on a surface of a bulk phase of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy, the three layers being first to third layers, wherein: the first layer located on the bulk phase contains oxygen in a greater amount than the second layer located on the first layer and contains at least one element soluble in an alkaline solution in an amount of 10 atom %; the second layer located on the first layer has a higher Ni content than the bulk phase; and the third layer located on the second layer has a higher NiO content than that in the second layer. 2. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the third layer contains NiO and metallic Ni. 3. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of oxygen and Ni is 90 atom % or greater in the elements contained in the third layer. 4. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 2 wherein, in the third layer, the percentage of the amount of Ni within the NiO with respect to the total amount of Ni within the NiO and the metallic Ni is from 20% to 99%. 5. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 4, wherein the total amount of oxygen and Ni is 90 atom % or greater in the elements contained in the third layer. 6. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 2, wherein the total amount of oxygen and Ni is 90 atom % or greater in the elements contained in the third layer. 7. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the third layer has a thickness of from 10 nm to 100 nm. 8. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the crystal grains existing in the third layer is smaller than the grain size of the crystal grains existing in the second layer. 9. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the crystal grains existing in the third layer consists of crystal grains having a grain size of 7 nm or less. 10. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 7, wherein the grain size of the crystal grains existing in the third layer is smaller than the grain size of the crystal grains existing in the second layer. 11. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 10, wherein the crystal grains existing in the third layer consists of crystal grains having a grain size of 7 nm or less. 12. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 8, wherein the crystal grains existing in the third layer consists of crystal grains having a grain size of 7 nm or less. 13. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the at least one element soluble in an alkaline solution in the first layer includes Ln, Al, and Mg in the general formula. 14. The negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries, according to claim 5, wherein: the third layer has a thickness of from 10 nm to 100 nm; the grain size of the crystal grains existing in the third layer is smaller than the grain size of the crystal grains existing in the second layer; the crystal grains existing in the third layer consists of crystal grains having a grain size of 7 nm or less; and the at least one element soluble in an alkaline solution in the first layer includes Ln, Al, and Mg in the general formula. 15. An alkaline storage battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode containing a hydrogen-absorbing alloy, and an alkaline electrolyte solution, the negative electrode being a negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries according to claim 1. 16. A method of manufacturing an alkaline storage battery, the method comprising: subjecting a hydrogen-absorbing alloy represented by the general formula Ln1-xMgxNiy-a-bAlaMb, where Ln is at least one element selected from Zr, Ti, and a rare-earth element including Y; M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P, and B; 0.05≦x≦0.30; 0.05≦a≦0.30; 0≦b≦0.50; and 2.8≦y≦3.9, to an oxidation treatment to form an oxide layer containing NiO on a surface of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy; preparing a negative electrode from the hydrogen absorbing alloy having an oxide layer containing NiO on a surface thereof; combining the negative electrode, a positive electrode and an alkaline electrolyte solution to form a preliminary alkaline storage battery; and charging and discharging the preliminary alkaline storage battery to form three layers layered on a surface of a bulk phase of the hydrogen-absorbing alloy on which the oxide layer containing NiO is formed and obtain the alkaline storage battery, the three layers being first to third layers, wherein: the first layer located on the bulk phase contains oxygen in a greater amount than the second layer located on the first layer and contains at least one element soluble in an alkaline solution in an amount of 10 atom %; the second layer located on the first layer has a higher Ni content than the bulk phase; and the third layer located on the second layer has a higher NiO content than that in the second layer. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, in the step of subjecting the hydrogen-absorbing alloy to an oxidation
|
['H01M458' 'H02J700']
|
claim
|
11,634,869
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present general inventive concept relates to a display device and a driving method thereof. More particularly, the present general inventive concept relates to a display device that determines an optimal image quality mode of an image signal depending on whether recognition information is included in the image signal received from an external source so that display quality is improved, and a driving method thereof. 2. Description of the Related Art A digital visual interface (DVI), which is a standard used to transmit digital data generated in a personal computer (PC) to a monitor, has been mainly employed in a device that is connected to a PC such as a projector used for business, a commercial plasma display, and an electric board. Recently, the DVI has been used in an electronic appliance including a digital TV, a set-top box, etc. The DVI standard has been developed in order to directly transmit digital data without complicated processes. Generally, digital data (transmitted without the DVI standard) is transmitted according to the following complicated processes: a PC generates digital data and converts the digital data into analog data to transmit to a display device, and the display device converts the received analog data back into digital data. Since the DVI standard was first introduced in 1999, providers of electronic appliances, especially content providers, have focused on the DVI standard, because the DVI standard has a high practical use due, at least in part, to its high-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP) function, which protects data. Additionally, when using the DVI standard, video can be transmitted without compressing the digital data. Additionally, the content providers expect that the HDCP function of the DVI standard can prevent contents piracy. In accordance with requests of the content providers, service providers and electronic appliance providers employ the DVI standard instead of using various interfaces such as IEEE 1394 and analog connector. Generally, a PC monitor needs various functions besides a proper function in which the monitor is connected to a PC to receive an image signal and display an image. The various functions include, for example, a function of displaying an image using an image signal output from an image reproducing device such as a DVD player. In order to perform the various functions, the image reproducing device outputs a first image signal (hereafter, referred to a first DVI signal) that conforms to the DVI standard, and a PC outputs a second image signal (hereafter, referred to a second DVI signal) that also conforms to the DVI standard, respectively, so that the image reproducing device and the PC are connected to a DVI port on the monitor to transmit the first and/or second DVI signal. The monitor may have one or more DVI ports. When the monitor has two or more DVI ports, the monitor requires a plurality of scalers to set an image quality mode of the monitor to conform to the first or second DVI signal applied from the image reproducing device or the PC, respectively. Accordingly, this configuration interferes with miniaturization and causes increased manufacturing costs. Therefore, an image display method is utilized. In the image display method, the monitor configures one DVI port and sets the image quality mode, when a user selects, which conforms to the first and second DVI signal in response to each signal output from various image reproducing devices or PC. The monitor may set a first image quality mode, which is optimized to conform to the first DVI signal, to display an image if the first DVI signal output from the image reproducing device is input to the monitor. Similarly, the monitor may set a second image quality mode, which is optimized to conform to the second DVI signal, to display an image if the second DVI signal output from the PC is input to the monitor. In order to achieve this, the image display method is utilized in which the first DVI signal (DVI 1 ) and the second DVI signal (DVI 2 ) are distinguished from each other using different input timing of the first DVI signal (DVI 1 ) and the second DVI signal (DVI 2 ) of a general monitor as illustrated in FIG. 9 . Accordingly, an image is displayed according to each optimized image quality mode of the first DVI signal DVI 1 and the second DVI signal DVI 2 , that is, according to an image quality mode with a different luminance value, contrast ratio value, etc. However, the first DVI signal (DVI 1 ) and the second DVI signal (DVI 2 ) may have the same input timing at a certain resolution as illustrated in FIG. 10 . Accordingly, the image display method that distinguishes the first DVI signal DVI 1 and the second DVI signal DVI 2 by the difference in input timing in order to set an image quality mode to conform to each DVI signal is unable to distinguish the first DVI signal DVI 1 and the second DIVS signal DVI 2 , when these two signals have the same input timing. In other words, when the first DVI signal DVI 1 and the second DVI signal DVI 2 are input with the same timing, the monitor cannot distinguish these signals. As a result, the monitor displays an image with a constant regular image quality mode irrespective of the DVI signals received through the DVI port(s). In this case, the monitor cannot display the image with the optimized image quality mode conforming to each of the first DVI signal DVI 1 and the second DVI signal DVI 2 , but instead displays the image with the regular image quality mode irrespective of the DVI signals. As a result, image quality of the monitor deteriorates.
|
['G09G500']
|
background
|
11,392,635
|
[invention] The present invention relates to a microstructure including an aluminum layer having on a surface thereof an anodized layer containing a plurality of micropores and a method of producing the same. In the technical field of metal and semiconductor thin films, wires and dots, it is known that the movement of free electrons becomes confined at sizes smaller than some characteristic length, as a result of which singular electrical, optical and chemical phenomena become observable. Such phenomena are called “quantum mechanical size effects” or simply “quantum size effects.” Functional materials which employ such singular phenomena are under active research and development. Specifically, materials having structures smaller than several hundred nanometers in size, typically called microstructures or nanostructures, are the subject of current efforts in material development. Methods for manufacturing such microstructures include processes in which a nanostructure is directly manufactured by semiconductor fabrication technology, including micropatterning technology such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, or x-ray lithography. Of particular note is the considerable amount of research being conducted today on processes for manufacturing nanostructures having an ordered microstructure. One method of forming an ordered structure in a self-regulating manner is illustrated by an anodized alumina layer (anodized layer) obtained by subjecting aluminum to anodizing treatment in an electrolyte solution. It is known that a plurality of micropores having diameters of about several nanometers to about several hundreds of nanometers are formed in a regular arrangement within the anodized layer. It is also known that when a completely ordered arrangement is obtained by the self-ordering treatment of this anodized layer, hexagonal columnar cells will be theoretically formed, each cell having a base in the shape of a regular hexagon centered on a micropore, and that the lines connecting neighboring micropores will form equilateral triangles. For example, H. Masuda et al. (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 37, Part 2, No. 11A, pp. L1340-1342 (Nov. 1, 1998), FIG. 2 ) describes an anodized layer having micropores. In another related publication (Hyomen Gijutsu Binran [Handbook of Surface Technology], edited by The Surface Finishing Society of Japan (Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun Co., Ltd., 1998), pp. 490-553), it is described that micropores are naturally formed in an anodized layer as oxidation proceeds. Moreover, H. Masuda (“Highly ordered metal nanohole array based on anodized alumina”, Kotai Butsuri [Solid State Physics], Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 493-499 (1996)) has proposed the formation of a gold dot array on a silicon substrate using a porous anodized layer as the mask. A plurality of micropores take on a honeycomb-like structure in which the pores are formed parallel in a direction substantially vertical to the substrate surface, and at substantially equal intervals. This point is deemed to be the most distinctive characteristic of anodized layers in terms of material. Another remarkable feature of anodized layers, thought to be absent in other materials, is the ability to relatively freely control the pore diameter, pore spacing and pore depth (see Masuda, 1996). Known examples of applications for anodized layers include various types of devices, such as nanodevices (e.g., ultra-microfilters), magnetic devices (e.g., high-density magnetic recording media), and light-emitting devices. For example, JP 2000-31462 A mentions a number of applications, including magnetic devices in which the micropores are filled with the magnetic metal cobalt or nickel, light-emitting devices in which the micropores are filled with the luminescent material ZnO, and biosensors in which the micropores are filled with enzymes/antibodies. In addition, in the field of biosensing, JP 2003-268592 A describes an example in which a structure obtained by filling the interior of micropores in an anodized layer with a metal is used as a sample holder for Raman spectroscopy. In such practical applications, the surface area of the region over which an ordered array has been preserved must be increased. If the period over which the regularity of the anodized layer can be preserved is too short, it may not be possible to elicit the performance required of the microstructure. Commonly assigned JP 2004-107770 A discloses that the regularity of the pore pattern can be enhanced by anodizing a surface layer of high chemical purity.
|
['C25D1122']
|
background
|
11,304,628
|
[summary] The present inventors have earnestly and intensively conducted research to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, the present inventors have found that a siloxane-based polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least one linear siloxane compound capable of forming a less hygroscopic ‘T’ structure in which one Si atom of the backbone chain is bonded to three oxygen atoms or by the copolymerization of the linear siloxane compound with a cyclic siloxane compound, exhibits superior low dielectric properties, good mechanical properties (e.g., modulus), is highly compatible with conventional pore-forming materials (porogens), maintains its hygroscopicity at a low level even during SOD processes, thus ensuring good insulating characteristics, and retains a high SiO 2 content, resulting in improved applicability to semiconductor processes. Embodiments of the present invention have been achieved based on this finding. Therefore, it is one object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a siloxane-based polymer which may be used to form a dielectric film with superior low dielectric properties, mechanical properties and insulating properties. It is another object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a method for forming a dielectric film using the siloxane-based polymer. In accordance with one aspect of embodiments of the present invention for achieving the above objects, there is provided a siloxane-based polymer which is prepared by the hydrolysis and polycondensation of a monomer represented by Formula 1 below: wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxy, alkoxy, acetoxy, alkyl, aryl, or O—Si(OR) 3 (in which R is a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group); and n is an integer of 2 to 100 (with the proviso that at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a reactive functional group selected from a hydrogen atom, hydroxy, alkoxy, acetoxy, or O—Si(OR) 3 ), with at least one monomer selected from compounds represented by Formulae 2 to 5 below: in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? (R 1 ) n Si(OR 2 ) 4-n Formula 2 in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group, a halogen atom, or a C 6 -C 15 aryl group; R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group or a C 6 -C 15 aryl group, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 and OR 2 is a hydrolysable functional group; and n is an integer of 0 to 3, wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group or a C 6 -C 15 aryl group; R 2 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group or SiX 1 X 2 X 3 (in which X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, or a halogen atom, with the proviso that at least one of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 is a hydrolysable functional group); and p is an integer of 3 to 8, wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group or a C 6 -C 15 aryl group; X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group or a halogen atom, with the proviso that at least one of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 is a hydrolysable functional group; m is an integer of 0 to 10; and p is an integer of 3 to 8, in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"? X 3 X 2 X 1 Si—M—SiX 1 X 2 X 3 Formula 5 in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"? wherein X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 3 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group or a halogen atom, with the proviso that at least one of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 is a hydrolysable functional group; M is a C 1 -C 10 alkylene group or a C 6 -C 15 arylene group, hydrolysates thereof, and condensates thereof, in an organic solvent in the presence of water and an acid or base catalyst. In accordance with another aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for forming a dielectric film using the siloxane-based polymer.
|
['B32B904' 'B05D302' 'C08G7704']
|
summary
|
12,000,375
|
[summary] After extensive research and investigation to develop a variety of nano-sized materials (hereinafter, often referred to as “nano materials”) such as carbon nanotubes, the present inventors have found that structure and characteristics of nano materials are closely connected with structure and characteristics of specific materials used as a catalyst and, additionally, structure of the catalyst must be controlled to produce the nano materials with desired structure and characteristics. As a result, the present invention was successfully accomplished under these findings. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to solve problems of conventional methods as described above and, an object of the present invention is to provide a nanocrater catalyst in metal nanoparticles with a nanocrater form of hole structure at the center of the catalyst (hereinafter, often referred to as “nanocrater metal catalyst”) useful for manufacturing nano-sized materials with desired structure and characteristics. Another objective of the present invention is to provided a method for preparing a nanocrater metal catalyst, which can treat massive metal nanoparticles by a simple and economical process. A still further objective of the present invention is to provide nano-sized materials with desired structure (and characteristics) manufactured by using the nanocrater metal catalyst produced according to the present invention.
|
['B22F510' 'C23F104']
|
summary
|
11,298,778
|
[description] In a first embodiment the invention relates to a mutant of the soluble form of EC 1.1.5.2 also known as PQQ-dependent soluble glucose dehydrogenase (s-GDH), said mutant characterized in that relative to the corresponding wild-type enzyme and with regard to at least one other selected sugar substrate, it has an at least two-fold improved substrate specificity for glucose. The directions given in this invention are easily applied for any known or even yet un-known isolate of s-GDH. These wild-type isolates can be used to assess the relative improvements in specificity for the variants generated therefrom. The wild-type enzyme of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-type strain LMD 79.41 which corresponds to
|
['C12N902']
|
detailed_description
|
12,651,440
|
Signal Converter And Method Thereof [SEP] [abstract] A signal converter and a method thereof are provided. The signal converter and the method are adapted for a voltage signal converting application. The signal converter and the method are adapted for converting a high voltage sine wave signal into a low voltage full wave and/or low wave signal, and improving the stability of the circuit. The signal converter is configured in an IC type, and can be integrated with other ICs, thus improving the systematic integration.
|
['H03K508']
|
abstract
|
11,795,913
|
[claim] 1. A method of bypassing a coronary artery being at least partially occluded, comprising: using a branching graft for establishing direct fluid communication between an upstream vascular location being upstream an occlusion in the coronary artery, a downstream vascular location being downstream said occlusion, and a distal vascular location, wherein said distal vascular location is selected on a distal artery or a distal portion of an artery to ensure that arterial blood flow in said distal artery or said distal portion of said artery generates sufficient pressure gradient in said branching graft to maintain said direct fluid communication. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing direct fluid communication between: at least one additional downstream vascular location, said upstream vascular location, said downstream vascular location and said distal vascular location. 3. An artificial branching graft for implantation in body vasculature during a coronary artery bypass procedure, comprising: a primary conduit, at least one secondary conduit branching from said primary conduit, and at least one unidirectional valve designed and constructed to ensure unidirectional flow within at least a portion of said primary conduit. 4. The artificial branching graft of claim 3, wherein at least a portion of said primary conduit has a generally oval cross-sectional shape. 5. The artificial branching graft of claim 3, wherein at least one end of said primary conduit is bent with respect to a longitudinal axis of said primary conduit. 6. The artificial branching graft of claim 5, wherein said bending of said primary conduit is characterized by an acute angle measured at a convex side of said bending. 7. A method of bypassing a coronary artery being at least partially occluded, comprising: using the artificial implantable branching graft of claim 3 for establishing direct fluid communication between an upstream vascular location upstream an occlusion in the coronary artery, a downstream vascular location downstream said occlusion, and a distal vascular location, wherein said distal vascular location is selected on a distal artery or a distal portion of an artery to ensure that arterial blood flow in said distal artery or said distal portion of said artery generates sufficient pressure gradient in said branching graft to maintain said direct fluid communication. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said branching graft comprises at least one harvested blood vessel. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said branching graft comprises an artificial graft. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary conduit of said branching graft is connected to said distal vascular location at an acute angle defined relative to said arterial blood flow. 11. The method or branching graft of claim 6, wherein said acute angle is smaller or equals 70 degrees. 12. The method or branching graft of claim 1, wherein the primary conduit of said branching graft is characterized by a varying cross-sectional area. 13. The method or branching graft of claim 12, wherein said varying cross-sectional area varies in a non-monotonic manner. 14. The method or branching graft of claim 12, wherein said varying cross-sectional area varies in a monotonic manner. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein said varying cross-sectional area is larger at said upstream vascular location than at said distal vascular location. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein said varying cross-sectional area has a minimal value at a location on said primary conduit being other than said upstream vascular location and said distal vascular location. 17. The method or branching graft of claim 12, wherein said varying cross-sectional area has a minimal value at location on said primary conduit being other than the ends of said primary conduit. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein said distal vascular location is on the aorta. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said distal vascular location is on the descending aorta. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein said distal vascular location is on the aortic arch. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein said distal vascular location is on an aortic branch. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said distal vascular location is on the brachiocephalic artery. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein said distal vascular location is on the left carotid artery. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein said distal vascular location is on the left subclavian artery. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein said upstream vascular location is on the ascending aorta. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein said upstream vascular location is on the coronary artery. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein said upstream vascular location is on an aortic branch. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein said downstream vascular location is on the coronary artery. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein said downstream vascular location is on a branch of the coronary artery. 30. The branching graft or method of claim 3, wherein at least one of said primary conduit and said at least one secondary conduit is a tubular structure of non-woven polymer fibers. 31. The branching graft or method of claim 3, wherein the branching graft comprises at least one generally annular flexible support structure supporting at least one end of said primary conduit and/or said at least one secondary conduit. 32. The branching graft or method of claim 31, wherein said support structure is an embedded support structure. 33. The branching graft or method of claim 3, wherein the branching graft further comprises a tubular support structure extending along at least one of said primary conduit and/or said at least one secondary conduit. 34. The branching graft or method of claim 33, wherein said tubular support structure is embedded in the respective conduit. 35. The branching graft or method of claim 3, wherein at least one of said primary conduit and/or said at least one secondary conduit comprises a plurality of layers each layer of said plurality of layers being made of non-woven polymer fibers. 36. The branching graft or method of claim 30, wherein at least one of said primary conduit and/or said
|
['A61B1708' 'A61F206']
|
claim
|
12,079,383
|
[invention] Presently, a wide variety of television game shows have home participation features. In some cases, the outcome of the show is determined by a viewing audience vote conducted either over the Internet, by a text message sent from a cellular phone, or by calling a specific telephone number. In other cases, the viewing audience plays a separate game based on elements of the broadcast game. The separate game is sometimes played either over the Internet or by a text message sent from a cellular phone, as by calling a specified phone number, and one or more home contestants may win a prize based on the results, or sometimes resolved by lottery. In yet other cases, the viewing audience plays along with a televised quiz-type game show, typically over the Internet, by answering questions simultaneously with the television contestants for personal amusement or prizes. A common theme is that home audience participation increases the appeal of the show and hence the size of the viewing audience (a/k/a “ratings”) of the show, making advertising time slots on the show more valuable. For example, one show, Lingo, has a home participation feature which allows viewers to solve word puzzles on their home computers over the Internet simultaneously with the television broadcast of the game show contest. In some cases home participation is free, in other cases the viewer is charged, typically by a phone toll charged to the caller or sender of the text message. One show, American Idol, has a home participation feature which allows viewers to vote for their favorite contestant which show initially charged the participant a monetary fee to vote, and thereafter did not charge the viewer a fee to vote. Recently, economic models which charged a toll charge to enter a lottery-type home participation game have generated controversy regarding whether such lotteries are a method of illegal gambling. The controversy has resulted in a decline in revenue for the operators of such lotteries who have ceased to practice the toll charge model. Additionally, economic models which charged a toll charge to vote on the outcome have fallen into disfavor due to the preference of many viewers to participate in an activity that does not require a monetary payment, and concern regarding the allegations of illegal gambling made against toll charge lottery-type games. There is no current home participation feature which increases the degree of attention a viewer pays to the advertisements during the show (as opposed to the show itself). Advertisers are well aware that commercials are used by viewers as either mental or physical breaks from the broadcast, and advertisers expend significant funds in an attempt to retain the viewers' attention during their advertisements. Accordingly, there is a demand for home participation features of game and reality shows which increase viewer awareness of the advertising content aired during the game or reality show and act as a substitute for the toll charge model which has fallen into disfavor.
|
['H04N710']
|
background
|
12,078,698
|
[summary] However, the following problems can be found with the structure of the above-described art. Namely, under a condition of low oil temperature and high hydraulic oil viscosity, the hydraulic oil stays longer in the respective portions of the vehicle driving apparatus, and more time is thus needed until the hydraulic oil returns to the oil pan. The level of hydraulic oil in the oil pan is consequently lowered, and depending on the vehicle running condition, air may be taken in by the oil pump and result in a temporary decrease in hydraulic pressure. In addition, the hydraulic oil returned to the oil pan is again taken in via the strainer and discharged by the oil pump. A pressure loss occurs in this case when the hydraulic oil passes through the strainer, and the pressure loss is larger particularly under the condition of low oil temperature and high hydraulic oil viscosity. Therefore, especially in the case of a low oil temperature, a large amount of hydraulic oil passing through the strainer is accompanied by a decrease in oil pump efficiency. The present invention provides a hydraulic control device capable of suppressing an intake of air by an oil pump and capable of increasing an oil pump efficiency, even under a condition of low oil temperature and high hydraulic oil viscosity. The present invention can also achieve other advantages. According to an exemplary aspect of the invention, a hydraulic control device includes an oil pan; an oil pump; a strainer that is provided between the oil pan and an intake port of the oil pump; a pressure regulating valve that adjusts a hydraulic pressure of hydraulic oil supplied from the oil pump to a predetermined pressure; an oil cooler that is supplied with the hydraulic oil whose pressure has been adjusted by the pressure regulating valve and that cools the hydraulic oil; a cooler bypass valve with an input port that is connected with a cooler supply oil passage through which the hydraulic oil to be supplied to the oil cooler flows, wherein the input port is communicatively connected with an output port when the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic oil within the cooler supply oil passage is equal to or greater than a predetermined valve opening pressure; and a cooler bypass oil passage that connects the output port of the cooler bypass valve with an intake oil passage between the strainer and the intake port of the oil pump.
|
['F16D3100']
|
summary
|
11,382,495
|
Modular Engine Cover [SEP] [abstract] An engine cover for a vehicle includes a frame extending generally about the perimeter of the cover and adapted for mounting to an engine of the vehicle, and a skin extending across and secured to the frame. In one embodiment, the frame is made of a moulded plastic material and the skin is a stamped metal, such as aluminum. In another embodiment, the skin comprises multiple sections each secured to the frame so that one or more sections may be modified to alter the appearance of the cover and/or location of service items, such as an oil fill cap or dip stick for different applications while minimizing the number of components that need modification. A method for covering an engine according to the present invention includes securing at least one engine cover skin to an engine cover frame and securing the frame to an engine.
|
['F02M3502']
|
abstract
|
12,466,716
|
[invention] Because of the shortage of the energy and the strict requirements of vehicles to be environment friendly, automobile manufacturers have begun to focus on the hybrid vehicles. Moreover, hybrid vehicles manufacturers have combined the internal-combustion engine, which has great power performance, with the electric motor, which is environmental friendly. Therefore, many car manufacturers have invested great manpower and financial resources in the research and development of hybrid vehicles. In hybrid vehicles, there are two common power sources, namely, the motor, which is driven by electricity, and the internal-combustion engine, which is driven by fuel. According to different operating modes, the hybrid power driving system is conventionally divided into a serial driving system, a parallel driving system, and a serial and parallel driving system. In the serial driving system, the engine drives the electric motor to generate electricity, and the generated power drives the motor to supply power for the vehicle. In the parallel driving system, the engine and the motor both drive the wheels. Different ways of using the two power sources can be selected according to different driving modes. However, the above-mentioned driving modes are relatively simple and do not make full use of the environmental friendly and energy saving features, and thus such systems are limited Chinese application CN2693516Y discloses a driving system for the hybrid power vehicles, as shown in FIG. 1 . The driving system includes an engine 100 , a motor 200 and a planetary gear mechanism, where the planetary gear mechanism includes an internal ring gear 400 , a planet carrier 500 , which carries the planet gears, and a sun gear 600 . The motor 200 transmits the power to the internal ring gear 400 via a gear 300 , and the engine 100 may transmit the power to sun gear 600 , and power from both are combined via the planet carrier. It can be seen from the drawings and description of CN2693516Y that because the motor 2 and engine 1 transmit power to different components of the planetary gear mechanism, multiple brake and clutches are required to work under multiple working modes effectively. Therefore, the above driving system has many components, and the structure is relatively complex, rendering precise control of the system difficult.
|
['B60K6365' 'F16H5708']
|
background
|
11,263,852
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a content control system, method and recording medium for distributing prices of a digital content. 2. Description of the Related Art Along with the development of the information-oriented society, a content circulation system for distributing digital contents, for example, electronic books, electronic newspapers, music data, still image data, moving image data and so forth, to user terminals are in use. In circulation of a digital content, there is case where an encrypted digital content (hereinafter, encrypted content) and a decoding key is separately provided to a user terminal. In circulation of a digital content, there are many companies or individuals. Hereinafter, those who is engaged in the circulation of the digital content is defined as person concerned with circulation. For example, persons concerned with circulation include a content provider who creates and provides the digital content, content distributor (content vender) who distributes the encrypted content, key controller who controls and distributes an encryption key, accounter who collects and distributes proceeds, a user who uses the digital content and so forth. Functions of persons concerned with circulation such as creation and provision of the digital content, distribution of encrypted the content, control and distribution of the encryption key, collection and distribution of the proceeds and so forth, are conducted by different companies in some cases, and are made by a same company in other cases. In some cases, not a company but an individual is engaged in the circulation of the digital content. In order to facilitate the digital content circulation, it is important for appropriate prices to be paid to persons concerned with circulation. With regard to the content circulation system that distributes the digital content, encrypted content or decoding key, some accounting method and proceeds distribution methods have already been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 1 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 9-73487) and Patent Document 2 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-133147), mechanisms for distributing proceeds between content distributors and other companies are described. In Patent Document 3 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2001-5877), amounts that the content provider and content distributor ask for are registered in a system of the accounter, and according to the registered amounts, sale charges are determined by the accounter, and the sale charges are distributed to the content provider and content distributor by the accounter. In Patent Document 4 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-41993), an art is described, where at request for the decoding key from the user (content user) to the key controller, a charge and shop information and so forth are recorded in an accounting settlement server. In Patent Document 5 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-229960), an art is described, where in copying the encrypted content between user terminals, content circulation route information is recorded, and the key is issued or accounting is carried out according to the distribution route information. In Patent Document 6 (Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 9-73480), an art is described, where content sale prices are changed according to content sale periods. As mentioned above, in the circulation of the digital content for separately distributing the encrypted content and the decoding key, there already exists system that determines a sale amount to be collected from the user, and distributes it among plural persons concerned with circulation. However, the existing system lacks flexibility in distribution of prices. For example, in the existing system, it is difficult for the content distributor to conduct their original sale promotion campaign such as “a free digital content is provided to a user who purchases 10 digital contents” and the like, which has been a problem with the prior art. Further, for example, in the existing system, it is difficult to pay prices for a personal circulation of the digital content among users such as “when user A introduces the digital content to user B, part of money that the user B pays is transferred to the user A” and so forth, which has been another problem with the prior art. The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems in the prior art, accordingly, the object of the invention is to provide a content price control system, a method and a program for flexibly accounting digital contents.
|
['H04L900']
|
background
|
11,416,065
|
Fixing apparatus [SEP] [abstract] A fixing apparatus according to the invention comprises an elastic member, a heating roller including a conductive metal layer on the outside of the elastic member, a pressurizing roller for supplying a predetermined pressure to the heating roller, and a driving mechanism for rotating the heating roller through the conductive metal layer, wherein a member for connecting the driving mechanism and conductive metal layer is made of material that is not twisted and deformed by the rotation of the heating roller.
|
['G03G1520']
|
abstract
|
11,368,874
|
[summary] In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a process for organizing a large number of CDs is disclosed herein and includes the steps of selecting a number of CDs to be organized and providing a binder trapping the respective edges of sheets formed with respective viewing pockets for insertion of respective CD related materials having graphics associated with the respective CDs to be viewed through the windows of respective viewing pockets. Indicia is provided on the respective pockets to correlate them with respective CD storage slots which also include associated positional identifiers so that a user can store CDs and the associated material and can select the desired CD by referring to such associated material and the corresponding identifying indicia. One embodiment of the present invention includes a table of contents generated using a centralized database including a number of CD titles and associated positional identifiers to create a CD index for insertion into viewing pockets of the binder for quick reference of the CD location. Yet another embodiment of the present invention uses a disc management system incorporating a CD changer wherein the CDs are placed in unique slots in the CD changer and the positional identifier indicates the position of the CD within the changer. In another embodiment, keyless entry is provided by providing a detector routine to read the contents of a CD and store the contents in the database. Still yet another embodiment incorporates a search engine for searching an entire database catalog or a database library tailored to a particular user. Other features which may be incorporated into the disc management system include the use of various viewing pocket configurations in a display binder for holding CD related materials. Other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying exemplary drawings.
|
['B42F1300']
|
summary
|
12,095,207
|
[summary] The invention includes a method of rating the quality of appearance of solid wood products, particularly solid wood panels and wood veneers such as those present in stave panels and plywood. The invention also includes products themselves that have been rated by use of the method aspect of the invention. “Solid wood” products may be manufactured from hardwoods or softwoods, although typically veneers are manufactured only from hardwoods. The invention incorporates multiple and different criteria into a single cumulative rating that accommodates variations in quality of appearance due to each criteria. For example, color variation and grain uniformity are two criteria that are (for the most part) independent of each other (i.e., a given piece of wood having any particular degree of color variation may also have a wide range of grain uniformity, and vice versa). The system may be expressed in any convenient scale, e.g., 0-100 “points,” a range of letters such as A-Z, and so on. The use of a cumulative rating enables wood products having differing quality of appearance to be compared directly to each other by simply comparing their respective cumulative ratings.
|
['G01B528']
|
summary
|
12,240,918
|
[summary] Accordingly, there is a general need to provide an improved run-flat device that addresses one or more of the problems discussed above. Accordingly, in one arrangement of the present invention there is provided a run-flat insert for insertion into a pneumatic tire. The insert can comprise an inner ring, outer ring, and interconnected web connecting the inner and outer rings. The inner ring can hold the beads of a pneumatic tire in place, such that the run-flat is located within the inflated pneumatic portion of the pneumatic tire during its use. Another arrangement comprises a run-flat device for use with a pneumatic tire that includes an inner ring having an axis of rotation. The inner ring comprises at least two annular pieces. The device also includes a deformable outer ring that includes at least two annular pieces. A flexible interconnected web extends between the inner and outer ring and comprising at least two annular pieces. The interconnected web comprises at least two radially adjacent layers of web elements at every radial cross-section of the run-flat device. The web elements define a plurality of generally polygonal openings and comprises at least one radial web element that is angled relative to a plane that extends radially through the axis of rotation. A substantial amount of load is supported by a plurality of the web elements working in at least in part tension when the run-flat device is in direct contact with the ground. Another arrangement comprise a pneumatic tire that includes a rim and an annular inner ring coupled to the rim. An interconnected web is coupled to the inner ring. The interconnected web comprises a plurality of polygonal shaped web elements and openings. The polygonal shaped web elements are stronger in tension than in compression. An annular outer ring is attached to the interconnected web on a side of the interconnected web opposite that of the annular inner ring. The annular outer ring comprises a deformable material. An external pneumatic tire is operatively coupled to the rim.
|
['B60C1704']
|
summary
|
11,104,839
|
[invention] Bores such as pipes or cylindrically shaped equipment are often constructed from welded segments that are subject to stress or wear. As such, there is often a need to inspect the interior surface of the bore during maintenance procedures for cracks and the integrity of a weld joint. For example, a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of a boiling water reactor (BWR) typically has submerged bores that have interior welds that need to be inspected during maintenance routines. Hollow tubular jet pumps having internal bores are positioned within an annulus to provide the required reactor core water flow. The jet pumps include an upper portion known as the inlet mixer and a lower portion, known as the diffuser. The inlet mixer and the diffuser, due to their large size, are formed by welding a plurality of cylindrical and conical sections together. Specifically, respective ends of adjacent cylindrical sections are joined with a circumferential weld. During operation of the reactor, the circumferential weld joints may experience inter-granular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) and irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) in weld heat affected zones which can diminish the structural integrity of the jet pump. It is important to examine the welds of the jet pump inlet mixer and diffuser periodically to determine whether any cracking has occurred. While examinations in the annulus or region between a shroud and a pressure vessel wall can be performed, these examinations are likely to be only partial inspections due to access limitations in the annular region of the reactor. As such, the examination of the jet pump welds are often examined by an inspection tool positioned inside of the jet pump inlet mixer and jet pump diffuser. Such inspection tool performs ultrasonic and/or eddy current examinations of jet pump welds from inside the jet pump inlet mixer and diffuser in a nuclear reactor. Typically, operational personnel located on a refuel bridge above the surface of the pool manipulate a tool delivery system that is connected to a jet pump inlet for insertion of an inspection probe. The long cylindrical inspection probe is inserted through the narrow opening of the jet pump inlet and is attached and vertically positioned within the jet pump by a guide cable. Once inside, the inspection probe is activated such that arms containing sensors are extended from the long cylindrical body of the inspection probe. The inspection probe sensing arms are rotated by a motor on the inspection probe to provide for a radial scan of the interior surfaces of the jet pump. The inspection probe often includes a stabilizing weight in an effort to stabilize the probe in the bore.
|
['G01D2100']
|
background
|
12,134,918
|
[summary] The present invention relates to a skin or surface disinfectant composition with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity comprising one or more essential oil (and/or one or more component (i.e., an “Individual Constituent” or “IC”) thereof) and one or more fruit acid. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that a combination of an essential oil or component thereof together with a fruit acid can confer superior antimicrobial properties on personal care, veterinary, as well as household products. In preferred, non-limiting embodiments, the compositions of the invention further comprise up to about 20 percent alcohol, which facilitates the solubilization of the essential oil(s)/IC(s) and fruit acid. Certain embodiments are also based, at least in part, on the discovery that further addition of an alkanediol, particularly a bifunctional fatty alcohol, enhances antimicrobial activity still more. In various non-limiting embodiments, the present invention may be utilized in personal care products such as soaps, scrubs, cosmetics, creams and lotions and veterinary products such as pet shampoos and pet cleansing wipes. In other non-limiting embodiments, the present invention may be utilized in household products such as general purpose cleaning fluids, spray cleaners, laundry detergents, food washes, etc. The compositions of the invention may be used as non-toxic alternatives to conventional disinfectants or may be added to other antimicrobial agents to enhance their activity. The invention provides effective alternatives to harsher products which may be particularly useful in personal care and household products and where children and/or pet exposure may be a concern.
|
['A61K8362' 'A61K3119' 'A01N3702' 'A61P4300' 'A01P100' 'A61Q500'
'A61Q1100' 'A61Q1500' 'A61Q1704' 'C11D1708']
|
summary
|
12,171,714
|
[invention] High Level Architecture (HLA) is a communication standard used during a computer simulation by software applications to communicate with one another. The HLA communication standards and initial infrastructure were developed by the United States Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO). As the standards matured, DMSO turned over infrastructure development to industry. In a war game simulation HLA may be used to manage the flow of data between the various hardware and software component that may be used to simulate various real-world counterparts (e.g., troops, vehicles, ships, etc.) during the war game. This may allow, for example, a tank to be simulated separately from a jeep, while still allowing the tank and jeep simulations to interact with one another. An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) may allow ESB clients to communicate with one another. The ESB clients may communicate via extensible Markup Language (XML). XML provides a way for structured data to be shared across different information systems, such as different ESB clients. Schemas may be used to define what an XML document should look like. XML messages may have a different format than HLA messages. One messaging service that may be used to transport XML documents is Java Messaging Service (JMS). JMS is commonly used to facilitate communication between Java implemented applications. Traditionally, communication between an XML or JMS component and an HLA component required the use of a bridge to translate between the two services. Unfortunately, whenever a new type of message needed to be translated, new Java code had to be created. The Java code provided instructions on how the bridge was to map the fields of one message type to the other.
|
['G06F700' 'G06F1730']
|
background
|
12,037,357
|
INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM [SEP] [abstract] With respect to memory access instructions contained in an internal representation program, an information processing apparatus generates a load cache instruction, a cache hit judgment instruction, and a cache miss instruction that is executed in correspondence with a result of a judgment process performed according to the cache hit judgment instruction. In a case where the internal representation program contains a plurality of memory access instructions having a possibility of causing accesses to mutually the same cache line in a cache memory, the information processing apparatus generates a combine instruction instructing that judgment results of the judgment processes that are performed according to the cache hit judgment instruction should be combined into one judgment result. The information processing apparatus outputs an output program that contains these instructions that have been generated.
|
['G06F1208' 'G06F944']
|
abstract
|
12,328,890
|
[summary] In a first embodiment the present invention relates to a method of detecting an analyte in a liquid sample known or suspected to comprise red blood cells and suspected or known to comprise eukaryotic cells, the method comprising the steps of processing said liquid sample with a membrane solubilizing agent under conditions appropriate to lyse cell membranes of red blood cells and at the same time not causing precipitation of sample constituents, subjecting the processed sample obtained in the first step to a chromatographic separation, and detecting the analyte. In a further preferred embodiment the present invention relates to the use of a membrane solubilizing agent in the processing of a whole blood sample for liquid chromatography and to the use of a processed blood sample obtained by differential hemolysis with a membrane solubilizing agent according to the present invention in a liquid chromatography-based analysis.
|
['G01N3348' 'H01J4900']
|
summary
|
11,604,613
|
[description] DRAWfNG(S) A detailed description of the invention is hereafter described with specific reference being made to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has one spiral arm in the unexpanded state. FIG. 2 is a view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a plurality of spiral arms in the expanded state. FIG. 3 is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a circumferential member engaged to a plurality of spiral arms in the unexpanded state. FIG. 4 is a side view of the stent with another embodiment of the spiral side branch section of FIG. 3 in the unexpanded state. FIG. 5 is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a plurality of spiral arms with free ends in the unexpanded state. FIG. 6 is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a plurality of spiral arms and a circumferential member with a serpentine shape in the unexpanded state. FIG. 7 is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a plurality of serpentine shaped circumferential members and a plurality of spiral arms in an unexpanded state. FIG. 8a is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a circumferential member with a locking mechanism and a plurality of spiral arms in an unexpanded state. FIG. 8b shows a locking mechanism which may be used in the stent of FIG. 8a. FIG. 8c shows the locking mechanism of FIG. 8b immediately prior to engagement FIG. 9 is a side view of the stent in FIG. 8a with a radiopaque marker on the circumferential member. FIG. 10a is a side view of the stent of FIG. 8a with the spiral side branch section in an expanded state, the spiral arms are straight when in an expanded state. FIG. 10b is a side view of the stent of FIG. 8a with the spiral branch section in an expanded state, the spiral arms are curved when in an expanded state. FIG. 11 is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section in an unexpanded state consisting of four spiral arms. FIG. 12 is a side view of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has four spiral arms, each spiral arm having an opening in the width of the spiral arm, in an unexpanded state. FIG. 13 is a side view of the stent with the spiral side branch section of FIG. 11 in an expanded state. FIG. 14 is a side view of an embodiment of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a plurality of serpentine shaped circumferential members and a plurality of spiral arms in an unexpanded state. FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the embodiment in FIG. 14 in an expanded state. FIG. 16 is a side view of an embodiment of the stent with a spiral side branch section that has a plurality of interconnected spiral arms in an unexpanded state. FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the embodiment in FIG. 16 in an expanded state. FIG. 18 shows a flat pattern for an embodiment of a stent. FIG. 19 shows a portion of the stent pattern of FIG. 18 in greater detail. FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of a stent in a three-dimensional cylindrical configuration. FIG. 21 shows the stent of FIG. 20 in an expanded state with the side branch structure outwardly deployed. FIG. 22 shows a flat pattern for another embodiment of a stent. FIG. 23 shows a portion of the stent pattern of FIG. 22 in greater detail. FIG. 24 shows a flat pattern for another embodiment of a stent. FIG. 25 shows a portion of the stent pattern of FIG. 16 in greater detail.
|
['A61F206']
|
detailed_description
|
12,041,822
|
[summary] The present invention is provided on the basis of attentions to the new technical problem, the need to reduce the amount of ink mist associated with the above described margin-less printing. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ink jet printing method and apparatus that can suppress the contamination of a printing medium or the like caused by ink or ink mist which may scatter or float inside the apparatus when margin-less printing is carried out. It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel special printing method for the above-described margin-less printing. In the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing method of performing printing by repeating an operation of scanning a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection openings to a printing medium and an operation of transporting the printing medium, so as to eject ink from the printing head to the printing medium, wherein when printing is performed for both areas of a first area of the printing medium which extends out from an edge thereof in a direction in which the printing medium is transported and a second area on the printing medium which is located inside the edge, the number of ejection openings used for one scanning operation is reduced compared to printing only for the second area. In the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing method of performing printing by repeating an operation of scanning a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection openings to a printing medium and an operation of transporting the printing medium, so as to eject ink from the printing head to the printing medium, wherein when printing is performed for an edge area including an area located out of an edge of the printing medium in a direction in which the printing medium is transported and an area located inside the edge, the number of ejection openings used for one scanning operation is reduced compared to printing in an area on the printing medium which is other than the edge area. In the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing method of performing printing by repeating an operation of scanning a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection openings through to a printing medium and an operation of transporting the printing medium, so as to eject ink from the printing head to the printing medium, wherein when printing is performed for an edge area including an area located out of an edge of the printing medium in a direction in which the printing medium is transported and an area on the printing medium which is located inside the edge, an amount of ink ejected during one scanning operation is reduced compared to printing in an area on the printing medium which is other than the edge area. In the fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing method of performing printing by repeating an operation of scanning a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection openings to a printing medium and an operation of transporting the printing medium, so as to cause the printing head to execute a plurality of times of scanning operation in the same area of the printing medium, wherein a mask used to generate ejection data for each of the plurality of scanning operations, a total duty of the mask for the plurality of scanning operations being less than 100%, is used to generate ejection data for each scanning operation in an edge area including an edge of the printing medium in a direction in which the printing medium is transported and having a predetermined width, so that an amount of ink ejected to the edge area is reduced compared to an area on the printing medium which is other than the edge area. In the fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing method of performing printing by repeating an operation of scanning a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection openings to a printing medium and an operation of transporting the printing medium, so as to eject ink from the printing head to the printing medium, wherein when printing is performed in an edge area including an area located out of the printing medium in a direction in which the printing medium is transported and an area on the printing medium which is located inside the edge, the number of times of scanning operation by the printing head over a predetermined width along the transportation direction is reduced compared to printing in an area on the printing medium which is other than the edge area. In the sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing method of performing printing by repeating an operation of scanning a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection openings to a printing medium and an operation of transporting the printing medium, so as to cause the printing head to execute a plurality of times of scanning operation in the same area of the printing medium, wherein when printing is performed in an edge area including an area located out of the printing medium in a direction in which the printing medium is transported and an area on the printing medium which is located inside the edge, a mask used for generating ejection data for each of the plurality of times of scanning operation for the edge area is different from the mask used in a case of printing for an area on the printing medium which is other than the edge area. In the seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing apparatus for performing printing by repeating an operation of scanning a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection openings to a printing medium and an operation of transporting the printing medium, so as
|
['B41J2938']
|
summary
|
12,403,630
|
[summary] A data communication system is provided. The data communication system comprises a bidirectional cable, an antenna, a receiving and a function circuit block. The bidirectional cable is to transfer data through a high frequency band and a low frequency band. The antenna is to receive an analog data signal and transfer the analog data signal through the high frequency band of the bidirectional cable. The receiving circuit block comprises a receiving module to receive the analog data signal from the high frequency band and converts the analog data signal into a digital data to a host and a first control signal processing module to couple a control signal to the low frequency band. The function circuit block comprises a second control signal processing module to decouple the control signal from the low frequency band and a function module to further perform an adjustment on the data communication system according to the control signal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a data communication system. The data communication system comprises a bidirectional cable, an antenna, a receiving and a function circuit block. The bidirectional cable is to transfer data through a high frequency band and a low frequency band. The antenna is to receive an analog data signal and transfer the analog data signal through the high frequency band of the bidirectional cable. The function circuit block comprises a function module to generate a control signal and a second control signal processing module to couple a control signal to the low frequency band. The receiving circuit block comprises a receiving module to receive the analog data signal from the high frequency band and converts the analog data signal into a digital data to a host and a first control signal processing module to decouple the control signal from the low frequency band to make the host perform an adjustment on the data communication system according to the control signal. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a data communication method adapted in a data communication system, wherein the data communication system comprises an antenna, a receiving circuit block, a function circuit block and a bidirectional cable connected between the receiving and the function circuit block. The data communication method comprises the steps of: receiving an analog data signal through the antenna and further transferring the analog data signal through a high frequency band of the bidirectional cable; receiving the analog data signal from the high frequency band and converting the analog data signal into a digital data to a host; coupling a control signal from the receiving circuit block to the low frequency band; decoupling the control signal from the low frequency band to the function circuit block; and performing an adjustment on the data communication system according to the control signal. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a data communication method adapted in a data communication system, wherein the data communication system comprises an antenna, a receiving circuit block, a function circuit block and a bidirectional cable connected between the receiving and the function circuit block. The data communication method comprises the steps of: receiving an analog data signal through the antenna and further transferring the analog data signal through a high frequency band of the bidirectional cable; receiving the analog data signal from the high frequency band and converting the analog data signal into a digital data to a host; coupling a control signal from the function circuit block to the low frequency band; decoupling the control signal from the low frequency band to the receiving circuit block; and performing an adjustment on the data communication system according to the control signal. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are by examples, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
|
['H04B138']
|
summary
|
12,248,543
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an entering and leaving management system. 2. Description of the Related Art As an entering and leaving management system in a related art, for example, JP-A-2003-27796 discloses an entering and leaving management system for determining a person performing personal authentication operation at the entering or leaving time based on the personal authentication result of biometrics. In the entering and leaving management system in the related art, a taken image is stored in association with the authentication result at the entering or leaving time, whereby the person performing the personal authentication operation is checked. The personal authentication results are listed on a screen of an operation terminal and at the viewing time of the personal authentication result, the taken image associated with the personal authentication result is displayed in a separate window. Accordingly, if the personal authentication result is check OK, the person name can be determined. If the personal authentication result is check NG, the person name cannot be determined, but the person can be checked according to the taken image as a suspicious person, so that security is enhanced. Since the taken image at the authentication operation time is displayed in the entering and leaving management system in the related art, it is difficult for one person to masquerade as another person by conducting personal authentication of biometrics as in the above-mentioned JP-A-2003-27796; the system becomes highly effective. However, there are a large number of entering and leaving management systems for conducting personal authentication using an IC card represented by an employee ID card, etc., because the introduction cost can be suppressed and the system is excellent in convenience as compared with the biometrics. For system administration using such an IC card, personal authentication of one person masquerading as another person may be conducted by fraud of a stolen card, etc. If authentication of one person masquerading as another person is conducted, it is difficult to identify a suspicious person illegally entering and leaving the room if only the taken image at the personal authentication operation time is displayed as in the related art example; this is a problem.
|
['G06K900']
|
background
|
11,743,428
|
[description] The present application will be described in greater detail with reference to the drawings according to an embodiment. FIG. 1 is an example of a sectional view of a lithium ion secondary battery according to an embodiment. The battery is one called a cylinder type and is provided with a cell element 10 obtained by winding band-like cathode 11 and anode 12 through a separator 15 in a battery can 1 having an almost hollow cylindrical form. The battery can 1 is, for example, constituted of iron plated with nickel, and one of the ends thereof is closed and the other is opened. A pair of insulation plates 2a and 2b are disposed perpendicular to the winding peripheral surface in such a manner as to sandwich the cell element 10 inside of the battery can 1. Examples of the material of the battery can 1 include iron Fe, nickel Ni, stainless SUS, aluminum Al and titanium Ti. This battery can 1 may be, for example, plated with nickel to prevent electrochemical corrosion caused by the nonaqueous electrolyte solution along with charging and discharging of the battery. A battery lid 3, a safety valve mechanism 4 disposed on the inner side of the battery lid 3 and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element 5 are fitted to the open end of the battery can 1 by caulking these parts through an insulation sealing gasket 6 and the inside of the battery can 1 is sealed. The battery lid 3 is made of, for example, the same material that is used for the battery can 1. The safety valve mechanism 4 is so devised that it is electrically connected with the battery lid 3 through the PTC element 5, and when the internal pressure of the battery is raised to a fixed value or more by a development of internal short circuits or heating from the outside, a disk plate 4a is reversed to cut off the electrical connection between the battery lid 3 and the cell element 10. The PTC element 5 serves as an element that limit the amount of current by an increase in resistance associated with a rise in temperature to thereby prevent abnormal generation of heat due to a large current, and it is made of barium titanate type semiconductor ceramics. The insulating sealing gasket 6 is made of, for example, an insulating material and the surface of the insulating material is coated with asphalt. The cell element 10 is wound around a center pin 16. A cathode terminal 13 and an anode terminal 14 are connected to the cathode 11 and anode 14 of the cell element 10 respectively. The cathode terminal 13 is welded to the safety valve mechanism 4 to electrically connect to the battery lid 3 and the anode terminal 14 is welded to the battery can 1 to electrically connect to the battery can 1. The structure of the battery element 10 stored in the battery can 1 will be explained. (Cathode) The cathode 11 is obtained by forming a cathode active material layer 11a containing a cathode active material on both surfaces of the cathode current collector 11b. The cathode current collector 11b is constituted of a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, nickel foil, stainless foil or the like. The cathode material layer 11a is formed by formulating, for example, a cathode active material, a conductive agent and a binder. It is only necessary that the cathode active material, conductive agent and binder are uniformly dispersed and there is no limitation to the mixing ratio of these materials. As the cathode active material, a known cathode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions may be used, and a metal oxide, metal sulfide or a specific polymer may be used according to the type of a battery to be intended. Examples of the cathode active material include lithium oxides, lithium sulfides, phase compounds containing lithium or lithium-containing compounds such as lithium phosphate compounds. Among these compounds, preferable compounds are complex compounds containing lithium and a transition metal element as typified by LixMO2 or LixM2O4 (where M represents one or more transition metals and x is generally given by the following equation: 0.05≦x≦1.10, though depending on the charge or discharge condition of the battery) or phosphoric acid compounds typified by LiyMPO4 (where M represents one or more transition metals and y is generally given by the following equation: 0.05≦y≦1.10). As the transition metals constituting these compounds, at least one kind of cobalt Co, nickel, manganese Mn, iron, aluminum, vanadium V and titanium Ti is selected. Specific examples of the lithium complex oxide include lithium/cobalt complex oxides (LixCoO2), lithium/nickel complex oxides (LixNiO2), lithium/nickel/cobalt complex oxides (LixNizCo1-zO2) (wherein z<1)) and lithium/nickel/cobalt/manganese complex oxides (LixNiz(1-v-w)CovMnwO4) (wherein v+w<1)). Also, specific examples of the phosphoric acid compound include lithium—iron-phosphoric acid compounds (LiFePO4) and lithium—iron—manganese-phosphoric acid compounds (LiFe1-uMn1-uPO4 (wherein u<1)). Such compounds can generate high voltage by using it as the cathode active material, are superior in energy density and are therefore preferable materials. Moreover, other metal compounds or polymer materials are exemplified. Examples of the above other metal compound include oxides such as titanium oxide, vanadium oxide and manganese dioxide and disulfides such as titanium sulfide and molybdenum sulfide. Examples of the polymer material include polyanilines and polythiophenes. As the cathode material, the aforementioned cathode active materials may be used in combinations of two or more. As the conductive agent, one or two or more of carbon materials such as graphite, carbon black, ketchen black or graphite may be used singly or in combinations of two or more, though any material may be used without any particular limitation insofar as it may be mixed in the cathode material in a proper amount to impart conductivity. Also, besides carbon materials, metal materials or conductive polymer materials may be used insofar as they have conductivity. Preferable examples of the binder include fluorine type polymers such as polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene and synthetic rubbers such
|
['H01M462' 'H01M458']
|
detailed_description
|
12,127,495
|
[claim] 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising: receiving and storing personal data of a first user of a computer-based service, said computer-based service accessible to users over a network, and providing functionality for users to establish contact relationships with other users such that each user can have one or more contacts, said personal data specified by the first user; receiving a request from a second user of the service to establish a contact relationship with the first user, said request submitted to the service over a network; sending a notification of the request to the first user over a network; and providing an option, in connection with said request, for the first user to take an action that causes the service to expose to the second user at least some of the personal data of the first user, such that the second user is granted access to data that would not otherwise be accessible to the second user via the service. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein notifying the first user of the request comprises sending a notification to the first user by email. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal data comprises multiple data elements, each corresponding to a different type of personal data, and the method comprises providing an option for the first user to designate a subset of said data elements to be exposed to the second user by the service. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing an option for the first user to take an action that causes the service to expose to the second user information regarding who is a contact of the first user. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in connection with said establishing of the contact relationship, exposing to the second user, via a user interface of the service, contact relationships between the first user and additional users. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a web-based personal address book for the first user based on contact relationships established between the first user and other users of the service, said web-based personal address book providing access to contact information maintained by each contact of the first user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the service maintains relationship data indicating contact relationships between users, and the method further comprises using the relationship data to detect, and to cause the first user to be notified that, a third user is a contact of a contact of the first user via the second user. 8. A server system programmed and configured to perform the method of claim 1. 9. A computer-readable medium which stores executable instructions that embody the method of claim 1. 10. A system, comprising a server system that provides functionality for users to register with a service, and to selectively establish contact relationships with other registered users of the service such that each registered user can have one or more contacts, the server system additionally providing functionality for the registered users to supply and update personal data for viewing by their respective contacts; a computer data repository maintained by the server system, said computer data repository storing said personal data supplied by the registered users, and storing relationship data that specifies said contact relationships established between the registered users; and an application program that executes on the server system, said application program operative to cause the server system to use the relationship data to generate, for a first registered user, a list of contacts of the first registered user, and to make said list available to the first registered user such that the first registered user can select a contact from said list to view at least some of the personal data of the selected contact. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the server system is operative to generate notification messages to notify the first registered user of personal data updates made by the contacts of the first registered user. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the server system an option for each registered user to specify, on a contact-by-contact basis, which elements of the personal data of the respective registered user are viewable via the service. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the server system is responsive to a request by the first registered user to establish a contact relationship with a second registered user by notifying the second user of said request, and by providing an option for the second user to respond to the request by taking an action to cause a two-way contact relationship to be established with the first user. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the server system is responsive to a second registered user establishing a contact relationship with a third registered user by sending a notification message to the third user by email to notify the third user of establishment of said contact relationship. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the server system provides an option for registered users to specify affiliations with organizations, and uses the said affiliations to communicate, to a user who is affiliated with a first organization, information identifying other users who are affiliated with the first organization, the server system thereby facilitating discovery of other users with which to establish contact relationships. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the server system provides an option for each registered user to specify a school attended and a date range of attendance, and the server system is operative to use resulting school and date range information to identify, and inform a second registered user of, other registered users that attended the same school as the second registered user at the same time as the second registered user, the server system thereby facilitating discovery of users with which to establish contact relationships. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the server system uses personal data supplied by the registered users to identify, and inform a second registered user of, other registered users who are share a common user
|
['G06F1516']
|
claim
|
11,272,230
|
[claim] 1. A rail assembly for a bed, said assembly comprising: two legs dimensioned to be positioned between a mattress and a supporting structure of said bed; a mounting member attached to said two legs to fix a gap between said two legs at the attached end; a rail comprising a top frame structure and a lower frame structure movably mounted to said mounting member so as to allow movement of said rail relative to said mounting member; and a coupling assembly for retaining said rail in a first raised position, said coupling assembly allowing said movement of said rail relative to said mounting member while maintaining said top end above said lower end between said first raised position to a second lowered position. 2. The rail assembly of claim 1, wherein said coupling assembly comprises a rail retainer comprising a hook end for hooking the lower frame structure of the rail. 3. The rail assembly of claim 1, wherein said coupling assembly comprises a pair of coupling tubes for slidingly receiving two internal tubing joints mounted to the rail. 4. The rail assembly of claim 2, wherein said coupling assembly comprises a pair of coupling tubes for slidingly receiving two internal tubing joints mounted to the rail. 5. The rail assembly of claim 1, further comprising a receiving tubing joint mounted to each end of the two legs forming T-joints at the two ends of each leg. 6. The rail assembly of claim 5, wherein each leg comprises a pair of telescoping tubes for adjusting a length of each leg. 7. The rail assembly of claim 1, wherein the rail is removable from the mounting member. 8. A rail assembly for a bed, said rail assembly comprising: a rail guard comprising a perimeter and at least two parallel tubes; a mounting assembly for mounting the rail guard to a frame support structure, said frame support structure comprising a pair of legs for positioning between a mattress and a mattress supporting structure; and a coupling assembly for coupling the rail guard to the mounting assembly; wherein the coupling assembly comprises a retaining lock pivotally attached to a bracket; the retaining lock pivoting to rotate a locking end of the retaining lock radially outwardly to move the rail guard to a first position and pivoting to rotate the locking end of the retaining lock radially inwardly to lock the rail guard in a second position. 9. The rail assembly of claim 8, wherein the mounting assembly comprises a mounting tube and an extension leg extending transversely at each end of the mounting tube. 10. The rail assembly of claim 8, wherein the two legs of the mounting assembly each comprises a receiving joint at each of its two ends forming a T-joint at each end. 11. The rail assembly of claim 10, further comprising a second mounting assembly and wherein the mounting assembly and the second mounting assembly each comprises a mounting tube and an extension leg extending transversely at each end of the mounting tube, and wherein the four extension legs are each positioned inside a receiving joint. 12. The rail assembly of claim 8, wherein each leg comprises a pair of telescoping tubes for adjusting a length of each leg. 13. The rail assembly of claim 8, further comprising a rail retention mechanism having an end for connecting to a bed and an end for connecting to the frame support structure. 14. The rail assembly of claim 8, further comprising an internal tubing joint mounted transversely to the at least two parallel tubes. 15. A rail assembly for a bed, said rail assembly comprising: a rail guard means for guarding a side of a bed when moved to an upright position; a mounting means for mounting the rail guard means to a frame support means; a coupling means for coupling the rail guard means to the mounting means; wherein the coupling means adapted to move the rail guard means from the upright position to a lower position along a plane substantially transverse to a top surface of a mattress; and wherein the frame support means comprises a length that is adjustable. 16. The rail assembly of claim 15, wherein the rail guard means comprises a perimeter tubing and a plurality of internal tubing joints forming a truss structure. 17. The rail assembly of claim 15, wherein the mounting means comprises an elongated tubing joint and two extension legs extending from two ends of the elongated tubing joint. 18. The rail assembly of claim 15, further comprising a second rail guard means, a second mounting means, and a second coupling means. 19. The rail assembly of claim 15, wherein the frame support means comprises two adjustable support brackets. 20. The rail assembly of claim 15, wherein the rail guard means is removable from the mounting means.
|
['A47C2108']
|
claim
|
11,217,437
|
[description] Referring to FIG. 1, a plasma display panel (PDP) according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 10 (rear substrate) and a second substrate 20 (front substrate) arranged substantially parallel to each other with a predetermined gap therebetween. The rear and front substrates 10 and 20 are combined with each other, thereby forming a basic structure of the PDP. A display region 100 and a non-display region 200, which is located outside the display region 100, are provided on the rear substrate 10 and the front substrate 20. Images are displayed in the display region 100. That is, discharge cells are arranged within the display region 100 to display images. The non-display region 200 includes a dummy region, in which barrier ribs defining dummy cells and dummy cells are arranged, and terminal regions, which couple electrodes within the PDP with external terminals. The non-display region 200 does not display images. FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view showing the PDP according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a plan view schematically showing the structure of barrier ribs and dummy barrier ribs of the PDP according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, address electrodes 12 are arranged along the first direction (y-axis direction of the drawing) on an inner surface of the rear substrate 10, and a dielectric layer 14 covers the address electrodes 12. The address electrodes 12 are substantially parallel to each other. Display electrodes 21 and 22 are arranged on an inner surface of the front substrate 20 in the second direction intersecting the address electrodes 12 (in the x-axis direction of the drawing). Each display electrode 21 and 22 includes bus electrodes 21b and 22b and extension electrodes 21a and 22a, respectively. The bus electrodes 21b and 22b extend along the first direction, and the extension electrodes 21a and 22a extend from the bus electrodes 21b and 22b toward centers of the respective discharge cells. Here, the bus electrodes 21b and 22b may be metal electrodes, and the extension electrodes 21a and 22a may be transparent electrodes, e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. A dielectric layer 24 and a protective layer 26 are sequentially formed on the front substrate 20 to cover the display electrodes 21 and 22. The protective layer 26, which may be a magnesium oxide (MgO) layer, protects the dielectric layer 24 against collision with ions ionized during plasma discharge and improves discharge efficiency because of its high secondary electron emission coefficient. Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, barrier ribs 16 and dummy barrier ribs 17 are arranged between the rear substrate 10 and the front substrate 20. The barrier ribs 16 extend substantially parallel to the address electrodes 12, and they are formed in the display region 100 and define discharge cells 18. Phosphor layers 19, which absorb UV rays and emit visible light, are formed on sides of the barrier ribs 16 and on the dielectric layer 14 within the discharge cells 18. The discharge cells 18 are filled with discharge gas (for example, a mixed gas of Xe and Ne) to cause plasma discharge. The dummy barrier ribs 17, which extend from the barrier ribs 16, are formed in the non-display region 200. In the illustrative embodiment, the barrier ribs 16 and the dummy barrier ribs 17 may be formed by a dispensing method. A dispensing method (also called a “nozzle spraying method”) for manufacturing barrier ribs and dummy barrier ribs will now be described. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a method for manufacturing the barrier ribs of the PDP according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between shear rate and viscosity of rib paste. Referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a rib paste is prepared, and the viscosity of the rib paste may decrease as its shear rate increases. A dispenser 30 dispenses rib paste to form the barrier ribs. The dispenser 30 is positioned above the rear substrate 10 having the address electrodes 12 and the dielectric layer 14, and is then moved while discharging the rib paste through nozzles 32, thereby forming rising portions 170 and flat portions 160 of barrier ribs on the dielectric layer 14. In the illustrative embodiment, a plurality of nozzles 32 are arranged in the dispenser 30 in a line and are spaced a predetermined distance apart from one another. The dispenser 30 moves in a direction parallel to the address electrodes 12 (in the y-axis direction of the drawing) to form the rising portions 170 and the flat portions 160 extending parallel to the address electrodes 12. While a method of manufacturing barrier ribs and dummy barrier ribs formed parallel to address electrodes in a striped pattern is shown and described with reference to the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the invention is not limited thereto. A wide variety of barrier ribs and dummy barrier ribs may be manufactured with varying arrangements and moving patterns of nozzles. A process of forming the rising portions 170 and the flat portions 160 will now be described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. FIG. 6A is a graph showing discharge pressure over discharge distance, and FIG. 6B is a graph showing barrier rib height over discharge distance. Referring to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, the process of forming the rising portions 170 and the flat portions 160 includes forming the rising portions 170 while gradually increasing heights of the rising portions 170 at an initial rib paste discharge stage and forming the flat portions 160 having a substantially uniform height. Specifically, at the initial rib paste discharge stage, the rising portions 170 are formed while gradually increasing the heights thereof. This is because a discharge pressure gradually increases from a start point up to a predetermined dispensing distance t1 by virtue of
|
['H01J1749']
|
detailed_description
|
12,218,067
|
[summary] The present invention is an oral nutritional and therapeutic composition useful for building bone mass, quality, and density during growth, maintaining bone mass, quality, and density over time, reducing bone fracture risk, and treating osteoporosis, comprising a unit dosage or serving mixture of calcium succinate, magnesium R-(+)-alpha-lipoate, and vitamin D. A method of building bone mass, quality, and density during growth, maintaining bone mass, quality, and density over time, reducing bone fracture risk, and treating osteoporosis in a human, comprising administering to said human a safe and effective amount of a supplement comprising a synergistically effective amount of calcium succinate, magnesium R-(+)-alpha-lipoate, and vitamin D is also disclosed. Further, a method of preventing and treating osteoporosis in a warm-blooded animal with a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising calcium succinate, magnesium R-(+)-alpha-lipoate, and vitamin D is disclosed. A method of preparing magnesium R-(+)-alpha-lipoate is also provided.
|
['A61K3159' 'A61P1900' 'A61P1910' 'C07D33904']
|
summary
|
11,587,535
|
[description] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to drawings. FIG. 1 shows a constitutional example of a spindle motor for information appliances incorporating a fluid dynamic bearing apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This spindle motor for information appliances is for use in disk drive units such as HDD, and comprises a fluid dynamic bearing apparatus 1 having a fixed-side member 2 and having a rotational-side member 3 which is freely rotatable relative to the fixed-side member 2 and, for example, a stator coil 4 and a rotor magnet 5 which oppose each other across a gap in the radial direction, and a bracket 6. The stator coil 4 is attached on the inner side face 6a of the bracket 6, and the rotor magnet 5 is attached on the outer periphery of the rotational-side member 3, more specifically on the outer periphery of a disk hub 10 which can retain one or a plurality of disk-shaped information recording media such as magnetic disks on its outer periphery. The housing 7 of the fluid dynamic bearing apparatus 1 is attached on the inner periphery of the bracket 6. When the stator coil 4 is energized, the rotor magnet 5 is rotated by the excitation produced between the stator coil 4 and rotor magnet 5, and accordingly the rotational-side member 3 rotates. The fluid dynamic bearing apparatus 1 comprises a fixed-side member 2 and a rotational-side member 3. The fixed-side member 2 is, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, constituted mainly of the housing 7 and bearing sleeve 8, and the rotational-side member 3 is constituted mainly of a shaft member 9 and the disk hub 10. The shaft member 9 is formed by, for example, cutting or forging a metallic material such as stainless steel, and is inserted at the inner periphery of the bearing sleeve 8. In a state that this shaft member 9 is inserted at the inner periphery of the bearing sleeve 8 and is rotated, between the inner circumferential surface 8a of the bearing sleeve 8 and the outer circumferential surface 9a of the shaft member 9, a first radial bearing portion R1 and a second radial bearing portion R2 are formed separately in the axial direction. Moreover, a thrust bearing portion T1 is formed between an end face 7a of an opening portion of the housing 7 and an end face 10a1 on the lower end face of the disk hub 10. It should be noted that for the sake of explanation, the side of the end face 7a of an opening portion of the housing 7 is referred to as the upper side, while the side opposite to the end face 7a of the opening portion is referred to as the lower side in the description below. The housing 7 comprises a cylindrical side portion 7b, a bottom 7c which is positioned at the lower end of the side portion 7b and is integrated into or separated from the housing 7. The bottom 7c in this embodiment is formed integrally with the side portion 7b, and, for example, is injection-molded of a resin composition based on a crystalline resin such as liquid crystal polymers, PPS,
|
['F16C1710']
|
detailed_description
|
11,173,464
|
Shaped lead assembly for optoelectronic devices [SEP] [abstract] A shaped lead configuration for use with optoelectronic packages, such as optical subassemblies, is disclosed. The lead configuration enables the shaped leads to electrically connect with through-hole vias defined in a printed circuit board while minimizing space requirements and providing stress relief for the leads. In one embodiment, an optical subassembly is disclosed, comprising a header containing optoelectronic components, and a plurality of conductive leads that are in operable communication with the optoelectronic components. Each lead includes a straight portion extending from a surface of the header, an end portion oriented so as to be received by a through-hole via defined in a printed circuit board, and a shaped portion interposed between the straight and end portions and having at least one bend defined in a first plane. The optical subassembly further includes a clip assembly having a plurality of cavities that each receive a corresponding one of the leads.
|
['G02B636']
|
abstract
|
12,245,666
|
HIGH RESOLUTION, HIGH THROUGHPUT HLA GENOTYPING BY CLONAL SEQUENCING [SEP] [abstract] The invention provides methods and reagent for performing full, multi-locus HLA genotyping for multiple individuals in a single sequencing run using clonal sequencing.
|
['C12Q168']
|
abstract
|
12,294,078
|
[claim] 1. A packer for a well, the packer comprising: a seal element; and seal setting apparatus being moveable with respect to the seal element in a setting direction to apply a setting force to the seal element to move the seal element from a run-in configuration to a set configuration in which, in use, the seal element forms a contact seal with a conduit wall; wherein, in use, the packer is arranged such that, in the set configuration, a pressure differential across the packer, which creates a force in the setting direction, will increase the setting force applied by the seal setting apparatus to the seal element to maintain the seal. 2. The packer of claim 1, wherein the packer further comprises a mandrel, the mandrel defining a packer throughbore. 3. The packer of either of claim 1, wherein the seal element comprises a cup seal. 4. The packer of claim 1, wherein the seal element has a sealing surface for forming a seal, in use, with a conduit wall. 5. The packer of claim 1, wherein the packer is adapted to seal an annulus between a conduit wall and a tubular. 6. The packer of claim 4, wherein where the seal element comprises a cup seal, the sealing surface is a portion of the outside surface of the seal element. 7. The packer of claim 6, wherein the sealing surface includes a profiled portion. 8. The packer of claim 7, wherein the profile is a corrugated profile. 9. The packer of claim 1, wherein the seal element comprises an elastomeric material. 10. The packer of claim 9, wherein the seal element comprises rubber. 11. The packer of claim 1, wherein the seal setting apparatus is adapted to engage a first portion of the seal element, such that, in use, the sealing surface of the seal element forms a seal with a conduit. 12. The packer of claim 3, wherein where the seal element is a cup seal, the seal setting apparatus engages a portion of the inside surface of the seal element. 13. The packer of claim 2, wherein at least one first portion of the seal element is fixed with respect to the mandrel. 14. The packer of claim 13, wherein at least one second portion of the seal element is releasably fixed with respect to the mandrel. 15. The packer of claim 14, wherein the/each seal element second portion is releasably fixed with respect to the mandrel in the run-in configuration. 16. The packer of claim 15, wherein movement of the seal setting apparatus from the run-in configuration to the set configuration releases the/each second portion. 17. The packer of claim 14, wherein the/each second portion is fixed to a packer band. 18. The packer of claim 17, wherein the/each second portion is releasably fixed to the packer band. 19. The packer claim 1, wherein the seal setting apparatus comprises at least one elongate element. 20. The packer of claim 19, wherein the seal setting apparatus comprises a plurality of elongate elements. 21. The packer of claim 20, wherein the/each elongate element has a first end and a second end. 22. The packer of claim 21, wherein the first end of the/each elongate element is fixed relative to the mandrel. 23. The packer of claim 19, wherein the seal setting apparatus comprises a plurality of elongate elements, wherein each elongate element has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of each elongate element is fixed relative to the mandrel, wherein the packer further comprises a mandrel, the mandrel defining a packer throughbore, and wherein in the run-in configuration, the elongate element is arranged substantially axially with the packer mandrel. 24. The packer of claim 20, wherein the plurality elongate elements are a plurality of leaf springs. 25. The packer of claim 1, wherein a seal element bypass is provided to, in use, relieve a pressure differential across the packer which creates a force in a direction opposite the setting direction. 26. The packer of claim 25, wherein the bypass includes a seal which only seals in one direction. 27. The packer of claim 21, wherein the first end of the/each elongate element is connected to a collar. 28. The packer of claim 27, wherein the packer further comprises a mandrel, the mandrel defining a packer throughbore, and wherein the collar is mounted to the mandrel. 29. The packer of claim 28, wherein the collar defines a groove adapted to accommodate the bypass seal. 30. The packer of claim 29, wherein the groove is located such that the bypass seal forms a one way seal against the mandrel. 31. The packer of claim 19, wherein where there are a plurality of elongate elements, the elongate elements are arranged in a plurality of concentric layers. 32. The packer of claim 31, wherein there are two concentric layers. 33. The packer of claim 32, wherein the two concentric layers are an outer layer and an inner layer. 34. The packer of claim 33, wherein the inner layer of elongate elements are relatively thick compared to the outer layer. 35. The packer of claim 32, wherein the elongate elements in the outer layer overlap the elongate elements in the inner layer. 36. The packer of claim 33, wherein the outer layer of elongate elements are adjacent the seal element. 37. The packer of claim 19, wherein a protective layer is sandwiched between the seal element and the at least one elongate element. 38. The packer of claim 37, wherein the protective layer is integral with the seal element. In this case the protective layer may be moulded as part of, or bonded to, the seal element. 39. The packer of claim 37, wherein the protective layer comprises a polymeric material. 40. The packer of claim 21, wherein the second end of each elongate element includes engagement means for engaging one or more elongate element in the adjacent layer. 41. The packer of claim 1, wherein the seal
|
['E21B3312' 'E21B3300']
|
claim
|
11,068,969
|
Memory mapping apparatus and method for video decoder/encoder [SEP] [abstract] A memory mapping apparatus and a method in a video decoder/encoder utilize a dividing unit, a storage unit and a memory allocation unit. The dividing unit divides picture data into macroblocks and divides each of the macroblocks, which are units of encoding, into partitions having a predetermined size. A storage unit comprises at least one memory bank which is independently accessible. A memory allocation unit allocates adjacent partitions to different memory banks. Accordingly, a total number of cycles necessary to read and write the picture data is reduced.
|
['H04N1104' 'H04N712' 'H04B166' 'H04N1102']
|
abstract
|
12,534,276
|
[summary] In one aspect the invention is directed to a method comprising preparing a plurality of reactive precipitations wherein each reactive precipitation comprises combining a first aqueous solution of a fluoride selected from the group consisting of alkali metal fluorides, ammonium fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and mixtures thereof at a concentration in the range of 0.1 normal to 3 normal; a second aqueous solution of a Group 2 or Group 3 metal salt comprising a Group 2 or Group 3 metal cation at a concentration in the range of 0.1 normal to 3 normal; and, a third aqueous solution of a rare-earth metal dopant salt comprising a a rare-earth metal dopant cation wherein the concentration of the rare-earth metal cation is in the range of 0.5 to 25 mol-% of the molar concentration of said Group 2 or Group 3 metal cation; and, wherein the concentration of the rare-earth metal dopant cation is in the range of 0.0005 to 0.75 normal with respect to the combined volumes of the second and third aqueous solutions; thereby, forming a precipitate of a rare-earth doped aqueously insoluble Group 2 or Group 3 metal fluoride characterized by an average equivalent spherical diameter in the range of 2 to 200 nm and a rare-earth dopant concentration of 0.5 to 25 mol-%, with respect to the concentration of said Group 2 or Group 3 metal, said aqueously insoluble fluoride being characterized by an aqueous solubility of less than 0.1 g/100 g of water; and, wherein each reactive precipitation differs from the others by the concentration of the rare-earth metal dopant cation with respect to the combined volumes of the second and third aqueous solutions, thereby determining the dependency of the average equivalent spherical diameter of the nanoscale rare-earth-doped Group 2 or Group 3 metal fluoride on the concentration of the rare-earth metal dopant cation; and, preparing at least one additional the reactive precipitation at a rare-earth-dopant concentration selected to provide a desired particle size. In another aspect, the present invention provides a process comprising mutually contacting a plurality of continuous feed streams thereby combining the feed streams into a single discharge stream and discharging the discharge stream into a product receiving vessel; wherein, the plurality of feed streams comprises a first feed stream comprising a first aqueous solution of a fluoride selected from the group consisting of alkali metal fluorides, ammonium fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and mixtures thereof wherein the fluoride has a concentration in the range of 0.1 normal to 3 normal; a second feed stream comprising a second aqueous solution of a Group 2 or Group 3 metal salt comprising a Group 2 or Group 3 metal cation at a concentration in the range of 0.1 normal to 3 normal; and, a third feed stream comprising a third aqueous solution of a rare-earth metal dopant salt comprising a rare-earth metal dopant cation wherein the absolute amount of the rare-earth is in the range of 0.5 to 25 mol-% of the molar concentration of said Group 2 or Group 3 metal cation; wherein the second and third aqueous solutions can optionally be combined into a single feed stream before contacting with the first feed stream; thereby forming a precipitate of an aqueously insoluble rare-earth doped Group 2 or Group 3 metal fluoride characterized by particle size in the range of 2 to 200 nm and a dopant concentration of 0.5 to 25 mol-%, the rare-earth doped Group 2 or Group 3 metal fluoride being characterized by an aqueous solubility of less than 0.1 g/100 g of water; and, wherein the concentration of the rare earth metal cation falls in a range above that of the threshold concentration range for particle size sensitivity to rare-earth metal cation concentration.
|
['C09K1161']
|
summary
|
11,982,381
|
[description] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The implementations set forth in the following description do not represent all implementations consistent with the claimed invention. Instead, they are merely some examples consistent with certain aspects related to the invention. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Many systems and environments are used in connection with networks, network operation, and associated information processing. These systems and environments can be implemented with a variety of components, including various permutations of the hardware, software, and firmware disclosed below. Exemplary system architecture for the embodiments of systems and methods of network operation and information processing disclosed throughout this specification is set forth as follows. FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary system consistent with one or more embodiments of the present invention. While the description of FIG. 1 is directed to the following exemplary hardware and software elements, the components of the system can be implemented through any suitable unitary or distributed combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Referring to FIG. 1, the illustrated system includes access devices 121A-121D, one or more components such as Routing/Connectivity Devices (RCDs) 125A and 125B, and a processing component such as a Device and Targeting Database Server (“DTD Server” or “DTDS”) 160, typically connected via a network 170 such as the World Wide Web. Data processing between the RCDs 125A and 125B, the access devices 121A-121D and their users, and the DTD Server 160, over the network 170, is used to implement various aspects of user engagement, user identification and user profiling functionality disclosed herein. For example, a request, associated with a user of an access device 121A-121D, for authorization to use the network may be transmitted from access devices 121A-121D to the DTD Server 160. Similarly, first data in reply to this request may be transmitted via DTD Server 160 back to the access device 121A-121D. As used herein, “first data” refers to initial data, information, pages and/or content intended for transmission to user access device, including but not limited to pages such as initial pages, splash pages, home pages, terms & conditions pages, acceptance pages, first pages, and/or other pages, as well as other information of relevance based on user-specific information. Further, any combinations of these pages and this information may be served to accomplish various objectives such as to minimize page transmission, to present ads or other desired material, to provide information targeted to the specific used, and/or to effect a logical order of any other user interaction addressed herein. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the Routing/Connectivity Device is comprised of a first RCD component 125A (e.g., an access point) and a second RCD component 125B (e.g., a gateway, a router, etc.), although the RCD may readily be implemented as a unitary or otherwise distributed system element(s). The first RCD component 125A may also include a setup component 127 and an upload configuration component 129, which can be customized for the particular application, location or use. DTD Server 160 may be comprised of a database 165 and a software/code component 163, although data such as user profile data may also be stored in one or more external databases. Additional elements may also be associated with the network 170, such as Content Servers 130, Ad Components 140, and Service/Business Components 150, although these components can also be integrated into or combined with other elements of the system, or eliminated altogether, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The information stored in DTD server 160 such as user profile information may be updated over network 170 using information gathered by RCDs 125A and 125B from users 121 connecting with or attempting to connect to the network. In some embodiments RCD 125A may request user and device profile information from the DTD Server 160 if the particular user or device has accessed the system on a prior occasion. In some embodiments, user or device profile information may be downloaded to a local network cache (not shown) for quicker access. In some embodiments, according to the present invention, multiple DTD servers may be used and physically and geographically distributed across network 170. According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a processing component such as DTD Server 160 is associated with the public-access network. In this context, “associating” means that the processing device: (1) has been or is presently connected to the network, either physically or functionally in a manner allowing data exchange, (2) is involved in activating a new connection between the processing component and the network, or activating one that already exists, or (3) enables or commences processing consistent with the methodologies disclosed herein. Further, processing software is “associated” with the processing component in that it can either be physically contained within or connected to the processing component, or that it may be a distributed element located elsewhere on the network. Network 170 could be a LAN, WAN or the Internet. Further, a request for authorization to use a network is associated with a user of an access device in that the request may either be an explicit instruction of the user or it may simply be the result of the user's innate access device functionality. In some embodiments, the RCD 125 could be consistent with existing access point (“AP”) systems such as remote wireless access points/servers from generic providers, for example, Proxim, Linksys, Dlink, Compex, Buffalo Technologies, Netgear, Terabeam, Nomadix, and Plug Inn Go, etc. In some embodiments, the present information processing system may also be used or implemented with wired technology. Embodiments of the present system may also include signal amplifiers, external antennas, signal splitters, and other standard equipment as components. In some embodiments, the servers and related systems shown in FIG. 1 may be standard off-the-shelf components or server class computers. For example, the DTD Server 160
|
['G06F1516']
|
detailed_description
|
12,561,191
|
[description] While the specification concludes with claims defining the features of the invention that are regarded as novel, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from a consideration of the following description in conjunction with the drawing figures, in which like reference numerals are carried forward. It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. Further, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting; but rather, to provide an understandable description of the invention. The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term “plurality,” as used herein, is defined as two or more than two. The term “another,” as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having,” as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term “coupled,” as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. As used herein, the term “about” or “approximately” applies to all numeric values, whether or not explicitly indicated. These terms generally refer to a range of numbers that one of skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited values (i.e., having the same function or result). In many instances these terms may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significant figure. In this document, the term “longitudinal” should be understood to mean in a direction corresponding to an elongated direction of the catheter. The present invention provides a novel and efficient anti-clogging catheter shaped to removably insert within a human body without clogging the tip with tissue being displaced by the moving catheter tip. Embodiments of the invention provide a leading tip with an interior fluid-passing diameter that is substantially the same size as an outer diameter of a stylet residing within an interior of the catheter. When the stylet is forward in the catheter, i.e., completely filling the interior of the leading tip, the tip cannot be filled with biological matter and is, therefore, incapable of being clogged. Referring now to FIG. 1, one embodiment of the present invention is shown in a perspective view. FIG. 1 shows several advantageous features of the present invention, but, as will be described below, the invention can be provided in several shapes, sizes, combinations of features and components, and varying numbers and functions of the components. The first example of an anti-clogging catheter 100, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a cannula 102. The cannula 102 is a tubular passageway that, depending on the material 104 used to form the cannula 102, is provided with varying levels of flexibility. The cannula 102 has an exterior surface 106 that defines an exterior diameter dimension and an interior surface 108 that defines an interior diameter dimension. The thickness of the cannula wall material 104 defines the difference between the exterior surface diameter and the interior surface diameter. Inserted within and fixedly coupled to the interior surface 108 of the cannula 102 is a tip 110. As with the cannula 102, the tip 110 is a tubular passageway that, depending on the material 112 used to form the tip 110, is provided with varying levels of flexibility. The tip 110 has an exterior surface 114 that defines an exterior diameter dimension and an interior surface 116 that defines an interior diameter dimension. The thickness of the tip wall material 112 defines the difference between the exterior surface diameter and the interior surface diameter. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 1, the tip interior diameter is less than the interior diameter of the cannula 102, inside which the tip 110 resides. Epoxy or other adhesive material can be used to fixedly couple the tip 110 to the cannula 102. Also shown in the transparent view of FIG. 1, a stylet 118 is positioned within the interior of the cannula 102. “Stylets” are well-known in the art and, as used herein, is defined as a thin wire inserted into a catheter to maintain rigidity. The stylet 118 provides stiffness to the catheter as it is inserted into and through tissue. Shown in FIG. 2 is a fluid path 200 when the stylet 118 is disposed at the illustrated location within the cannula 102. The fluid path 200 starts within the gap between interior surface 108 of the cannula 102 and the outer surface 120 of the stylet 118, continues through the interior 116 of the tip 110, and out into the treatment area 202. With the stylet's orientation within the cannula 102, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, during movement of the catheter 100 through tissue, the opening 300 in the distal end 302 of the tip 110 is susceptible of being filled with biological material 304, as shown in FIG. 3. This susceptibility is due to the fact that the passageway through the tip 110 is empty and provides an entry canal into the cannula 102, i.e., the reverse of the fluid flow 200 shown in FIG. 2. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the stylet 118 is configured to move and slide distally within the cannula 102 and into and through the tip 110 until the distal end 400 of the stylet 118 is at or extends beyond the distal end 302 of the tip 110. If the stylet 118 is dimensioned so that the outer diameter of the stylet 118 is substantially equal to the interior diameter of the tip 110, biological material is advantageously prevented from passing into the tip 110. “Substantially equal to,” as used herein, indicates two objects that fit together with
|
['A61M2514' 'B23P1704']
|
detailed_description
|
12,421,045
|
[claim] 1. A method, operable on a computer system and associated database, for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) based on user preference data provided for making recommendations of preferred items in response to queries to the computer system for recommendations, comprising: maintaining a SOM Database containing user preference data entries that include a wide range of fields or attributes of user preferences; creating a plurality of special-purpose SOMs by filtering from the SOM Database those user preference data entries having fields and attributes related to a respective special purpose of each special-purpose SOM; training each respective special-purpose SOM with the respective, filtered user preference data entries; and applying the plurality of trained special-purpose SOMs in coordination with each other to provide recommendations in response to queries based upon inter-cooperation of the special-purpose SOMs each trained with respective fields and attributes of user preferences related to its respective special purpose. 2. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 1, wherein at least two SOMs are created and used together to provide recommendations in response to queries. 3. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 2, adapted for song recommendation, wherein the at least two SOMs are selected from the group consisting of: a User-Demographic SOM; a User-Song SOM; and a Song-User SOM. 4. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 2, adapted for song recommendation, wherein the SOM Database contains data entries for user preferences including one or more of the group consisting of: geographical data; personal/social data (gender, birth date, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, education, income level, profession, smoke/drink/food and language preferences); personal interest data (friends, favorites, blogs, music genres); song preferences; and band/artist preferences. 5. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 1, wherein multiple SOMs are created and used together to provide recommendations in response to queries. 6. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 5, wherein the multiple SOMs are created and maintained at multiple websites. 7. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 6, wherein each of the multiple SOMs are maintained at a different website, respectively. 8. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 6, wherein the multiple websites are harnessed through a SOM-Global website serving as a global interface for queries. 9. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 8, wherein queries to the multiple SOMs are processed through a software agent assigned between the SOM-Global website serving as a global interface for queries and inter-cooperation of the special-purpose SOMs. 10. A method for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 1, wherein queries to the two or more special-purpose SOMs are processed through a software agent assigned between a front end interface for queries and the special-purpose SOMs. 11. A computerized system having an associated database operable for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) based on user preference data provided for making recommendations of preferred items in response to queries to the computer system for recommendations, comprising: a SOM Database containing user preference data entries that include a wide range of fields or attributes of user preferences; a plurality of special-purpose SOMs each respectively generated by filtering from the SOM Database those user preference data entries having fields and attributes related to a respective special purpose of each special-purpose SOM; and a front end interface and software agent assigned therewith for applying two or more of the trained special-purpose SOMs to provide recommendations of preferred items in response to queries, wherein each respective special-purpose SOM is trained with respective, filtered user preference data entries in accordance with its respective special purpose, and wherein the trained special-purpose SOMs are operated in inter-cooperation with each other based upon each being trained with respective fields and attributes of user preferences related to its respective special purpose. 12. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 11, wherein at least two SOMs are created and used together to provide recommendations in response to queries. 13. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 12, adapted for song recommendation, wherein the at least two SOMs are selected from the group consisting of: a User-Demographic SOM; a User-Song SOM; and a Song-User SOM. 14. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 12, adapted for song recommendation, wherein the SOM Database contains data entries for user preferences including one or more of the group consisting of: geographical data; personal/social data (gender, birth date, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, education, income level, profession, smoke/drink/food and language preferences); personal interest data (friends, favorites, blogs, music genres); song preferences; and band/artist preferences. 15. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 11, wherein multiple SOMs are created and used together to provide recommendations in response to queries. 16. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 15, wherein the multiple SOMs are created and maintained at multiple websites. 17. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 16, wherein each of the multiple SOMs are maintained at a different website, respectively. 18. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 16, wherein the multiple websites are harnessed through a SOM-Global website serving as a global interface for queries. 19. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 18, wherein queries to the multiple SOMs are processed through a software agent assigned between the SOM-Global website serving as a global interface for queries and the special-purpose SOMs. 20. A system for creating and using self-organizing maps (SOMs) according to claim 11, wherein queries to the two or more special-purpose SOMs are processed through a software agent assigned to act between a front end interface for queries and the special-purpose SOMs.
|
['G06F1518' 'G06F1516' 'G06F1730']
|
claim
|
12,416,329
|
[description] Embodiment Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and various changes and modifications for the modes and details thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art unless such changes and modifications depart from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to what is described in the embodiments described below. Embodiment 1 In this embodiment, one embodiment of a semiconductor memory device of the present invention is described. First, a structure of a semiconductor memory device in this embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram which illustrates the structure of the semiconductor memory device in this embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the semiconductor memory device in this embodiment includes a potential control circuit 100, a transistor 101, a potential supply terminal 102, and a memory element 103. The potential control circuit 100 includes an input terminal, a first output terminal, and a second output terminal; however, the input terminal is not illustrated in FIG. 1, and only the first output terminal and the second output terminal are illustrated. In addition, the transistor 101 includes a gate terminal, a source terminal, and a drain terminal. The gate terminal is electrically connected to the first output terminal of the potential control circuit 100, and one of the source terminal and the drain terminal is electrically connected to the potential supply terminal 102. Further, the memory element 103 includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal is electrically connected to the other of the source terminal and the drain terminal of the transistor 101, and the second terminal is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the potential control circuit 100. Note that the transistor 101 has p-type conductivity in this embodiment. Further, although not illustrated, in the memory element 103, a capacitor means for supplement of charge at the time of data writing may be separately provided. The potential control circuit 100 has a function for controlling the potential of the circuit which is connected thereto in accordance with a signal input from the outside. For example, the potential control circuit 100 can include a decoder circuit or the like. A potential A which is a predetermined level or a potential B which is the ground potential is applied as a first potential (also referred to as V1) from the potential control circuit 100 to the gate terminal of the transistor 101, and a potential C which is a predetermined level or a potential D which is the ground potential is applied as a second potential (also referred to as V2) through the potential supply terminal 102 to the one of the source terminal and the drain terminal of the transistor 101. Note that the ground potential is a common reference potential used in the semiconductor device. For example, the ground potential can be a positive or negative constant potential, or 0 V. Further, the potential A is a positive potential which satisfies A>B, and the potential C is a positive potential which satisfies C>D. As the transistor 101, a thin film transistor (TFT) including a non-single-crystal semiconductor film typified by amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, microcrystalline (also referred to as nanocrystal, semi-amorphous) silicon, or the like can be used. The TFT includes a gate terminal, a source terminal, and a drain terminal. It is preferable that the TFT be formed over an insulating substrate (e.g., a glass substrate). In the case of using such TFTs, there are various advantages. For example, since a TFT can be formed at temperature lower than a transistor formed using single crystal silicon, reduction in manufacturing costs or increase in size of a manufacturing apparatus can be realized. Further, a substrate with low heat-resistance can be used. A TFT can be formed over a light transmitting substrate. Note that a transistor of which a gate insulating film is thinned can be used as a transistor in this embodiment. For example, the thickness of the gate insulating film can be 10 nm or less. Alternatively, a transistor using a semiconductor substrate, an SOI substrate, or the like can be applied to the transistor 101. A transistor using a semiconductor substrate, an SOI substrate, or the like is a transistor with little variation in characteristics, size, shape, or the like, with high current supply capability, and with a small size. Therefore, low power consumption of circuits or high integration of circuits can be realized. In this embodiment, transistors of memory circuits are p-type transistors which have p-type conductivity. The level of voltage applied between the first terminal and the second terminal of the memory element 103 is at a predetermined value or higher, so that resistance is changed. Therefore, a state in which resistance is changed or a state in which resistance is not changed is stored in the memory element 103 as data of 1 or 0. In addition, a potential E which is the ground potential or a potential F which is predetermined level is applied as a third potential (also referred to as V3) from the potential control circuit 100 to the second terminal of the memory element 103. Note that the potential F is a negative potential which is F<E. As the memory element 103, any memory element can be used as long as it holds data in accordance with change in electric resistance of the element. That is, a memory element which includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode (hereinafter also referred to as an organic memory element); a memory element which includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a semiconductor layer of amorphous silicon or the like which is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode (hereinafter also referred to as
|
['G11C506' 'G11C700']
|
detailed_description
|
12,342,414
|
VIRTUAL TAPE BACKUP ARRANGEMENT USING CRYPTOGRAPHICALLY SPLIT STORAGE [SEP] [abstract] Methods and systems for providing data backup are disclosed. One method includes receiving at a virtual tape backup system a data image to be maintained, and transmitting the contents of the data image to a secure storage appliance. The method also includes processing the contents of the data image with the secure storage appliance to cryptographically split one or more blocks of data of the data image such that each of the one or more blocks of data is split into a plurality of secondary data blocks. The method further includes storing the plurality of secondary data blocks in a corresponding plurality of shares located on a plurality of physical storage devices.
|
['G06F1214' 'G06F1216' 'G06F1208' 'G06F1200']
|
abstract
|
11,758,023
|
[invention] This application relates to a gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engines are known, and typically include a single fan driven for rotation about a central axis. The fan delivers air to a plurality of compression stages. The air is compressed in the compression stages and delivered downstream into a combustor. In the combustor, the air is mixed with fuel and combusted. Hot products of this combustion are delivered downstream over turbine rotors. The turbine rotors are driven to rotate by the products of combustion, and in turn drive both the compressor and fan rotors. Typically, the fans deliver a portion of the air to the compressors in a core of the engine, and the majority of the air outwardly between an outer housing shell of the engine, and an inner periphery of a cowl. This outer air flow moved by the fan provides additional propulsion, in addition to the propulsion delivered from the gas turbine engine core. It has been proposed to have a gas turbine engine associated with a plurality of fan rotors. The fan rotors have typically been proposed with a single fan rotor aligned with the core of the engine, and auxiliary fan rotor spaced from this core, and solely delivering additional propulsion. While these arrangements do provide additional freedom to the design of the gas turbine engine, they increase the operational envelope of the gas turbine engine.
|
['F02K302']
|
background
|
11,236,834
|
[invention] Phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers form an important part of devices such as microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), communication systems and other integrated circuit systems. A lock detector typically determines if a PLL output clock signal tracks a reference clock signal. The frequency synthesizer keeps the frequency of the PLL output clock signal locked to some multiple of a reference clock frequency by monitoring the PLL output clock signal. In a practical integrated circuit (IC), a distribution network such as a clock tree may distribute a PLL output clock signal throughout the IC to receptor circuits that need the PLL output clock signal to properly function. Ideally, the PLL output clock signal should arrive at each receptor circuit in the distribution network without distortion in either frequency or phase as compared with the PLL output clock signal generated at the frequency synthesizer output. However, the PLL output clock signal may pass through many potential bandwidth-limiting blocks before arriving at the receptor circuits as a downstream clock signal. These bandwidth-limiting blocks may include level shifters, clocking buffers in a clocking grid, duty cycle correction circuits, clock multiplexers, pulse width limiters as well as other bandwidth-limiting circuits and devices. Thus, a downstream clock signal that actually reaches a receptor circuit in the distribution network may exhibit a somewhat different frequency and phase than the original PLL output clock signal generated at the frequency synthesizer output. If the frequency of the downstream clock signal varies too much from the frequency of the PLL output clock signal, then frequency lock may be lost and receptor circuits relying on the downstream clock signal may not function properly. Lock detectors are known that detect when a PLL output signal of a frequency synthesizer exhibits the same frequency as a reference clock signal. One type of lock detector employs two counters. One counter counts the number of reference signal clock pulses and the other counter counts the number of feedback signal pulses. A divider circuit divides the number of PLL output signal pulses to produce the feedback signal. A comparator compares the number of feedback signal pulses with the number of reference clock signal pulses. If the number of feedback signal pulses equals the number of reference clock signal pulses, then the lock detector signals that the frequency synthesizer is locked. While this method determines the existence of a locked state at the immediate output of the frequency synthesizer, it is possible that a locked state may not exist downstream in circuits distant from the immediate output of the frequency synthesizer. What is needed is a method and apparatus that determines if a downstream clock signal exhibits a frequency lock with respect to an frequency synthesized output clock signal.
|
['H04B1700' 'H03D324']
|
background
|
11,803,085
|
[claim] 1. An interrogation system, comprising: a sensing subsystem configured to provide a signal having a signature representing a presence of an object located within or proximate a person; a control and processing subsystem configured to discern a presence of said object from said signal; and an inertial position sensor configured to provide a location of said object with respect to said person. 2. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said sensing subsystem is a radio frequency identification (RFID) sensing subsystem configured to provide a signal having a signature representing a presence of an RFID object located within or proximate said person, said control and processing subsystem configured to discern a presence of said RFID object from said signal and said inertial position sensor configured to provide a location of said RFID object with respect to said person. 3. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said sensing subsystem is a metal sensing subsystem configured to provide a signal having a signature representing a presence of a metal object located within or proximate said person, said control and processing subsystem configured to discern a presence of said metal object from said signal and said inertial position sensor configured to provide a location of said metal object with respect to said person. 4. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising at least one antenna configured to cooperate with said sensing subsystem to provide said signal having said signature representing said presence of said object located within or proximate said person. 5. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising at least one antenna located near said inertial position sensor and configured to cooperate with said sensing subsystem to provide said signal having said signature representing said presence of said object located within or proximate said person. 6. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising an antenna configured to cooperate with said sensing subsystem to provide said signal having said signature representing said presence of said object located within or proximate said person, wherein at least one of said sensing subsystem, said control and processing subsystem, said inertial position sensor and said antenna assembly is located in a portable interrogator. 7. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said control and processing subsystem is configured to employ multiscan, coherent signal processing. 8. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said control and processing subsystem includes an adaptive integrating filter and is configured to coordinate a processing of said signal in conjunction with one of an observable and data to discern a presence of said object. 9. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said control and processing subsystem is located in a computer system in communication with said sensing subsystem. 10. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising at least one position marker located on or proximate a person configured to cooperate with said inertial position sensor to provide a location of said object with respect to said person. 11. The interrogation system as recited in claim 10 wherein said person is located in an operating room of a medical facility and said at least one position marker is located on at least one of: said person, a back table, a Mayo stand, a ring stand, and a kick bucket. 12. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising a bracelet attached to and including information about said person. 13. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising at least one calibration marker located about said person configured to calibrate a type and sensitivity of interrogation associated with said interrogation system. 14. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 wherein said sensing subsystem is located in an operating room of a medical facility on one of: a back table, a Mayo stand, and a ring stand. 15. The interrogation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising another sensing subsystem configured to provide a signal having a signature representing a presence of an object located within or proximate said person. 16. A method of operating an interrogation system, comprising: providing a signal having a signature representing a presence of an object located within or proximate a person; discerning a presence of said object from said signal; and providing a location of said object with respect to said person with an inertial position sensor. 17. The method as recited in claim 16, further comprising: providing a signal having a signature representing a presence of one of an RFID and a metal object located within or proximate said person; discerning a presence of one of said RFID and metal object from said signal; and providing a location of one of said RFID and metal object with respect to said person in accordance with said inertial position sensor. 18. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein discerning employs multiscan, coherent signal processing. 19. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said providing said location includes employing at least one position marker located on or proximate a person configured to cooperate with said inertial position sensor to provide said location of said object with respect to said person. 20. The method as recited in claim 16 further comprising locating at least one calibration marker about said person configured to calibrate a type and sensitivity of interrogation associated with said interrogation system.
|
['G08B1314']
|
claim
|
11,958,596
|
INKJET RECORDING APPARATUS [SEP] [abstract] An inkjet recording apparatus having: a recording head including a nozzle row jetting ultraviolet curable ink on a substrate; and an LED light source including a plurality of LEDs disposed in the direction of the nozzle row, being electrically series-connected, and irradiating an ultraviolet light on ink having been jetted onto the substrate, wherein a total illuminance of two adjacent LEDs of the LED light source on a surface of the substrate is larger than an illuminance required for curing of the ink at an entire area of a section between each two adjacent LEDs, and a maximum of the total illuminance is set to be illuminance less than two times of a minimum of the total illuminance in the section between each two adjacent LEDs.
|
['B41J201']
|
abstract
|
12,185,246
|
[description] In the annexed drawings, which are not necessarily to scale: FIG. 1 is cross-sectional view of a structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic of a structure in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
|
['G01P1509']
|
detailed_description
|
11,244,078
|
[summary] It is thus an object of the present invention addressing the problems described above to provide a defect inspecting apparatus and a defect inspection method capable of inspecting a defect such as an infinitesimal foreign particle on an inspected substrate containing repetitive patterns, non-repetitive patterns and non-patterns which coexist with each other at a high speed and with a high degree of precision. It is another object of the present invention to provide a defect inspecting apparatus and a defect inspection method which allow a high-efficiency substrate fabrication line to be constructed by implementation of complete inspection and sampling inspection at a sufficiently high frequency. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a defect inspecting apparatus and a defect inspection method which are capable of inspecting also a defect such as an extremely infinitesimal foreign particle having a size of the order of 0.1 μm or smaller at a high speed and with a high degree of sensitivity by effectively utilizing the light quantity of a Gaussian beam generated by an ordinary inexpensive light source such as a laser-beam source. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a defect inspecting apparatus and a defect inspection method which are capable of inspecting also a defect such as an extremely infinitesimal foreign particle having a size of the order of 0.1 μm or smaller at a high speed and with a high degree of sensitivity by effectively utilizing the light quantity of a Gaussian beam generated by typically a laser-beam source and by resolving a problem of a lack of illumination at regions surrounding an area on a substrate being inspected due to a decrease in MTF at locations separated away from an optical axis in a detection optical system. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a defect inspecting apparatus capable of inspecting a defect such as a real foreign particle by setting the level of a threshold value at a proper degree of sensitivity without substantially increasing the amount of generated false information wherein the threshold value is used as a criterion as to whether or not a defect exists in a variety of circuit-pattern areas in the device structure laid out on a substrate being inspected. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a defect inspecting apparatus capable of inspecting a defect such as a foreign particle with a specified size to be detected by setting the level of a threshold value used as a criterion as to whether or not a defect exists for the size of the defect to be detected in a variety of circuit-pattern areas in the device structure laid out on a substrate being inspected. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a defect inspecting apparatus capable of inspecting a defect such as a foreign particle by allowing the size of the defect existing in a variety of circuit-pattern areas in the device structure laid out on a substrate being inspected to be inferred. It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor-substrate fabricating method for fabricating a semiconductor substrate at a high efficiency and, hence, at a high yield. In order to achieve the objects described above, the present invention provides a defect inspecting apparatus and a defect inspection method adopted by the defect inspecting apparatus comprising: a stage for mounting and moving an inspected substrate with a circuit pattern created thereon; an illumination optical system for illuminating the substrate by forming a beam radiated by a light source into a slit-shaped beam and directing the beam toward the substrate being inspected at a predetermined gradient of (π/2-α1) with respect to the direction of a line normal to the substrate and a predetermined gradient of φI with respect to a group of main straight lines of the circuit pattern on the surface of the substrate wherein the longitudinal direction is almost perpendicular to a direction of the y axis of the movement of the stage; a detection optical system including an image sensor for receiving scattered beams reflected by a defect such as a foreign particle existing on the inspected substrate illuminated by the slit-shaped beam radiated by the illumination optical system and for converting the scattered beams into a detection signal representing a result of detection of the defect; and an image-signal processing unit for extracting a signal showing the defect such as a foreign particle on the basis of the detection signal output by the image sensor employed in the detection optical system. In addition, in order to achieve the objects described above, the present invention also provides a defect inspecting apparatus and a defect inspection method adopted by the defect inspecting apparatus comprising: a stage for mounting and moving an inspected substrate with circuit patterns created thereon; an illumination optical system for illuminating the substrate by forming a beam radiated by a light source into a slit-shaped beam and directing the beam toward the substrate being inspected at a predetermined gradient of (π/2-α1) with respect to the direction of a line normal to the substrate and a predetermined gradient of φI with respect to a group of main straight lines of the circuit pattern on the surface of the substrate wherein the longitudinal direction is almost perpendicular to a direction of the y axis of the movement of the stage; a detection optical system including an image sensor for receiving scattered beams reflected by a defect such as a foreign particle existing on the inspected substrate illuminated by the slit-shaped beam radiated by the illumination optical system and for converting the scattered beams into a detection signal representing a result of detection of the defect; and an image processing unit having: a criterion setting means which calculates a variation of the detection signal output by the image sensor of the detection optical system to represent a variation of a scattered beam reflected
|
['H01L2166']
|
summary
|
11,238,178
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a simplified elevational view of an improved EDP in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the buoyancy columns in the raised position; FIG. 2 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, showing the columns in their lowered or submerged position; and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 1
|
['E02B1708' 'E02D2500']
|
detailed_description
|
11,147,590
|
Enhanced speed interface method and system [SEP] [abstract] A technique is provided for enhancing the performance of an interface device. A collection of device elements having properties including a visual representation and a functionality are instantiated in a global container. The global container includes the device elements that are required for various screen views. Device elements that are not required in a currently displayed screen view are torn off in the global container so that memory and processing requirements are reduced, while increasing the speed and performance of the interface, particularly in switching between screen views.
|
['G06F300']
|
abstract
|
11,434,927
|
Telephone outlet for implementing a local area network over telephone lines and a local area network using such outlets [SEP] [abstract] A network for transporting power and multiplexed data and digital telephone signals. The network includes at least three nodes and first and second wiring segments in a building for carrying the multiplexed data and digital telephone signals, and at least one of the segments is configured to additionally carry a power signal. A power consuming component is connected to the at least one wiring segment and is powered by the power signal carried by that segment. Each wiring segment connects a different pair of the nodes together to form, with nodes nodes, a packet based bi-directional communication link. One of the nodes contains communication link composed of a repeater, a bridge, or a router connectable to a data unit. At least one of the nodes is connected to a remote data unit external to the building for coupling the remote data unit to at least one of said communication links.
|
['H04M1100']
|
abstract
|
12,049,823
|
GROUND EFFECT GLIDER [SEP] [abstract] A glider including a center section configured to receive and support an operator thereon, and a pair of air-foil shaped wings extending generally outwardly from the center section. The glider is configured such that when the glider supports the operator thereon the glider is glidable down an incline in the ground effect zone of the incline, and is configured such that the glider cannot sustainably glide above the ground effect zone.
|
['B64C3102']
|
abstract
|
12,002,548
|
Motor vehicle with a convertible body [SEP] [abstract] The invention relates to the automotive industry, in particular, to motor vehicles provided with convertible bodies. The inventive motor vehicle comprises a body provided with seats and a convertible roof, consisting of a front section adjacent to a windscreen frame and a rear section, which is pivotally connected to the rear part of the vehicle. Said two sections are hingedly connected to each other and are constructed so that they are capable of rotating relative to each other and to the body from the initial position to the end position and are enabled to be placed in the body rear part. When the convertible roof is placed in the vehicle rear part, the front section thereof occupies substantially a vertical position directly behind the seats and the rear section occupies substantially a horizontal position in the rear part of the vehicle. The front roof section where it is joined to the windscreen frame is shaped to the body bottom shape behind the seats. The front roof section's embodiment allows it to partially overlap the rear section, at that at least one part of the front section overlapping the rear section is made of a transparent material.
|
['B60J712']
|
abstract
|
11,190,003
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and mobile communication system for transmitting data streams in a wireless communication system, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for transmitting data streams in a wireless communication system with multiple antennas. 2. Description of the Related Art In general, a mobile communication system is one of the typical wireless communication systems. The mobile communication system has been originally developed to support voice communication. Recently, however, there is an increasing demand for high-speed data communication as well as the voice transmission. To meet the demand, many attempts to efficiently transmit data streams are being made in the mobile communication system. As a result, the mobile communication system is evolving into a high-speed, high-quality wireless packet data communication system to provide a data service and a multimedia service as well as the existing voice service. The standardization efforts for High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) led by 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and 1× Evolution Data and Voice (EV-DV) led by 3 rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) are being made to find a solution for providing a high-speed, high-quality wireless packet data service at 2 Mbps or higher in the 3 rd generation ( 3 G) mobile communication system. The future 4 th generation (4G) mobile communication system aims at providing a high-speed, high-quality multimedia service at a rate higher than 2 Mbps. As one of the attempts to transmit packet data at high speed, a multi-antenna technique has been proposed. The multi-antenna technique can be roughly classified into two techniques: a beamforming technique (also known as a smart antenna technique) and an antenna diversity technique. The former detects a position of a mobile station and forms a beam in the detected direction in the process of transmitting transmission signals through antenna beams. The latter obtains diversity gain by providing array antennas to a transmitter and a receiver. When the array antennas are used, the transmission efficiency mainly depends on the number of transmission data streams and modulation schemes therefor. Therefore, the next generation wireless communication system, in which the array antennas are used, requires an apparatus and method for effectively determining the number of data streams that can be transmitted through each antenna, and a modulation scheme used for transmission of the data streams through the corresponding antenna.
|
['H04L504']
|
background
|
12,243,209
|
[summary] In an embodiment of the present invention, a control unit of a base-station transceiver system (BTS) determines a reverse link excess capacity of the BTS. The reverse link excess capacity is typically determined in terms of a number of users that are able to place new calls via reverse link signals to the BTS. The control unit determines the excess capacity by successive measurements of strengths of signals received by a receiving system of the BTS. The control unit analyzes the measurements to find a minimum signal strength received by the receiving system, and the minimum signal strength is used to give an approximate noise level of the receiving system. In calculating the approximate noise level, the control unit periodically adds an “aging value” to the approximate noise level, and then continues its analysis of signal strengths to update the minimum signal strength. Adding the aging value simulates aging, and the consequent rise in noise level, of the receiving system. The reverse link excess capacity of the BTS at any instant may be calculated by comparing the approximate noise level, determined as described above, with the actual received signal measured at the receiving system at that instant. Using the minimum signal strength as the approximate noise level of the receiving system is a simple and efficient way to estimate the noise of the receiving system. The inventors have found that the results are comparable with those of more complicated, time-consuming, and costly systems for estimating the noise level, and give good results for the determination of the reverse link excess capacity. In one embodiment, determining the size of the reverse link resources includes performing, subsequent to the third measurement, a fourth measurement of a fourth signal strength received at the BTS, and forming a further comparison between the fourth measurement and the minimum received signal strength. Typically, determining the size of the reverse link resources includes determining a reverse link excess capacity of the BTS in response to the further comparison.
|
['H04B700']
|
summary
|
12,128,794
|
[summary] The present invention provides a pointing device that can limit a motion angle when it makes a motion value output. The present invention also provides a motion value calculating method of a pointing device that can limit a motion angle. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pointing device including: a sensor that generates a motion detection signal by sensing motion; a calculator that receives the motion detection signal, calculates a motion value based on the motion detection signal, calculates a conversion motion value based on an angle of the motion value, and outputs a conversion motion; and an interface that outputs the conversion motion value inputted from the calculator. The sensor may include: an image sensor that receives light reflected from an object and outputs the motion detection signal corresponding to an amount of light received. The sensor may include: lower electrodes arranged on a lower side; a movable upper electrode arranged on an upper side and having a capacitance value with respect to the lower electrodes; and a capacitance sensor that outputs the capacitance value, which varies when the upper electrode is moved in response to a control motion of a user, as the motion detection signal. The capacitance sensor may be connected to a bar handle that is movable by the user, and may be connected to an elastic material, wherein the upper electrode may be located at a center position of the lower electrodes when no force is applied. The calculator may include: a motion value calculator that receives the motion detection signal, calculates the motion value by comparing a current motion detection signal with a previous motion detection signal, and outputs the motion value; and a conversion motion value calculator that receives the motion value, calculates the conversion motion value based on the angle of the motion value, and outputs the conversion motion value The motion value calculator may include: an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter that receives the motion detection signal and converts it into a digital signal; a memory that receives and stores a current digital signal and a previous digital signal output from the A/D converter; and an image processor that receives the current digital signal and the previous digital signal from the memory, calculates the motion value by comparing the current digital signal with the previous digital signal, and outputs the motion value. The conversion motion value calculator may include: a motion-direction calculating module that divides an angle of 360 degrees into a plurality of angle regions, sets a representative angle of each region, calculates a conversion motion-direction value based on the representative angle by computing the angle of the motion value, and outputs the conversion motion-direction value; a motion-magnitude calculating module that receives the motion value, computes a horizontal component and a vertical component of the motion value, calculates a conversion motion-magnitude value by modifying the horizontal component and/or the vertical component, and outputs the conversion motion-magnitude value; and an output control module that outputs the conversion motion value by combining the conversion motion-direction value and the conversion motion-magnitude value. When the angle of the motion value is located in a hysteresis angle region, the motion-direction calculating module may set a previous conversion motion-direction value to the conversion motion-direction value. The motion-magnitude calculating module may additionally receive the conversion motion-direction value, compute a magnitude of the motion value, and modify the horizontal component and/or the vertical component to components of coordinates that has the closest magnitude to the magnitude of the motion value among coordinates of the conversion motion-direction value, respectively. The motion-magnitude calculating module may additionally receive the conversion motion-direction value, and modify the horizontal component and/or the vertical component to components of the closest coordinates to coordinates corresponding to the motion value among coordinates of the conversion motion-direction value, respectively. When the closest coordinates to coordinates corresponding to the motion value is two, the motion-magnitude calculating module may select coordinates close to coordinates corresponding to previous conversion motion value, and modify the horizontal component and/or the vertical component to components of selected coordinates, respectively. The motion-magnitude calculating module may calculate the conversion motion-magnitude value by reducing the horizontal component and/or increasing the vertical component The pointing device may further include: a motion-magnitude calculating module that receives the conversion motion value from the calculator and outputs the conversion motion value to the interface after performing at least one of an operation for adjusting a horizontal component of the conversion motion value to be smaller than a vertical component and an operation for adjusting the vertical component to be smaller than the horizontal component. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pointing device including: a sensor that generates a motion detection signal by sensing motion; a calculator that receives the motion detection signal, computes a motion value based on the motion detection signal, calculates a conversion motion value based on the motion value, and outputs the conversion motion value; and an interface that outputs the conversion motion value inputted from the calculator. The calculator may include: a motion value calculator that receives the motion detection signal, calculates the motion value by comparing a current motion detection signal with a previous motion detection signal, and outputs the motion value; and a conversion motion value calculator that receives the motion value, computes a horizontal component and a vertical component of the motion value, calculates the conversion motion value by modifying the horizontal component and/or the vertical component, and outputs the conversion motion value. The conversion motion value calculator may calculate the conversion motion value by reducing the horizontal component and/or increasing the vertical component. According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pointing device including: an interface that receives a motion value from a device that outputs the motion value, and outputs the motion value; an application program unit that receive the motion value from the interface, computes an angle of the motion value, computes a conversion motion value
|
['G06K900']
|
summary
|
11,446,295
|
[summary] However, in the case of communicating with the IC chip arranged on the optical disc by the magnetic field in the optical disc recording and reproducing apparatus in a manner similar to that in the related art, there are the following problems. FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams for explaining an influence that is exerted on the optical pickup module by the magnetic field which is generated in the antenna coil of the reader/writer. FIG. 12A is the diagram showing the case where a loop diameter of the antenna coil is large. FIG. 12B is the diagram showing the case where the loop diameter of the antenna coil is small. The same component elements as those in FIG. 8 are designated by the same reference numerals. Each arrow shows a magnetic line of force. In both of FIGS. 12A and 12B , although there is a difference between degrees of the influence due to loop diameters of antenna coils 814 a and 814 b, a coil or the like which is used in the optical pickup module 812 is influenced by the generated magnetic field. There is consequently such a problem that if communication with the IC chip arranged on the optical disc is made during the rotating operation of the optical disc, some troubles occur in the focusing servo control, the tracking control, and the like and an erroneous operation occurs in the reading and writing of the optical disc. FIGS. 13A and 13B are diagrams showing a difference between the necessary magnetic fields due to a material of the surface of the optical disc on which the IC chip is arranged. FIG. 13A is the diagram in the case where the IC chip is arranged on a non-conductive film. FIG. 13B is the diagram in the case where the IC chip is arranged on the surface where a conductive film exists. The same component elements as those in FIG. 10 are designated by the same reference numerals. Each arrow shows a magnetic line of force and an intensity of the magnetic field is diagrammatically illustrated by a thickness of the arrow. As compared with the case where the IC chip 801 is arranged on a non-conductive film 800 c as shown in FIG. 13A , in the case where the IC chip 801 is arranged on the surface where a conductive film 800 d serving as a recording film exists as shown in FIG. 13B , the strong magnetic field is necessary for the stable communication. This is because in the case of the conductive film 800 d , an energy which is supplied to the antenna coil (refer to FIG. 11 ) on the optical disc from the antenna coil 814 of the reader/writer is partially lost by an eddy current which is generated in the conductive film 800 d . That is, in the case where the IC chip 801 is arranged on the surface where the conductive film 800 d exists, in the optical disc recording and reproducing apparatus in the related art, a possibility of the occurrence of the erroneous operation mentioned above increases and it is further difficult to make the communication with the IC chip arranged on the optical disc during the reading and writing of the optical disc. The invention is made in consideration of the foregoing problems and it is desirable to provide an optical disc recording and reproducing apparatus in which communication with an IC chip arranged on an optical disc can be made even during the rotating operation of the optical disc without causing an erroneous operation in the reading and writing. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an optical disc recording and reproducing apparatus for executing recording and reproduction of an optical disc on which a loop-shaped antenna coil having an IC chip has been arranged and communicating with the IC chip by an electromagnetic wave, wherein an antenna coil of a reader or writer apparatus for communicating with the IC chip is arranged on the side of an optical pickup module which faces a rotary axis of the optical disc. According to the above construction, since the antenna coil of the reader or writer apparatus for communicating with the IC chip of the optical disc is arranged on the side of the optical pickup module which faces the rotary axis of the optical disc, an influence that is exerted on the optical pickup module by a magnetic field which is generated in the antenna coil is reduced and even if the communication with the IC chip is made during the recording or reproduction of the optical disc, no erroneous operation occurs. According to an embodiment of the present invention, since the antenna coil of the reader or writer apparatus for communicating with the IC chip of the optical disc is arranged on the side of the optical pickup module which faces the rotary axis of the optical disc, the influence that is exerted on the optical pickup module by the magnetic field which is generated in the antenna coil can be reduced and even if the communication with the IC chip is made during the recording or reproduction of the optical disc, the occurrence of the erroneous operation can be prevented. Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures thereof.
|
['G11B370']
|
summary
|
12,120,508
|
[claim] 1. A vehicle comprising: a frame extending from a front end to a rear end; at least one front wheel supported adjacent to the front end of the frame; at least one rear wheel supported adjacent to the rear end of the frame; an engine attached to the frame; a drive sprocket coupled with the engine; a front sprocket drivingly engaged with said front wheel; a rear sprocket drivingly engaged with said rear wheel; and a jack shaft comprising a first sprocket, a second sprocket, and a one-way clutch selectively coupling the first sprocket and the second sprocket; wherein the front sprocket is coupled with the first sprocket of the jack shaft, and wherein the drive sprocket is coupled with each of the rear sprocket and the second sprocket of the jack shaft. 2. The vehicle of claim 1 further comprising a first flexible drive member, a second flexible drive member, and a third flexible drive member, wherein the first flexible drive member couples the front sprocket and the first sprocket, the second flexible drive member couples the second sprocket and the drive sprocket, and the third flexible drive member couples the drive sprocket and the rear sprocket. 3. The vehicle of claim 2 wherein the first flexible drive member, the second flexible drive member, and the third flexible drive member each comprises a respective chain. 4. The vehicle of claim 1 further comprising a transmission, wherein the transmission couples the engine with the drive sprocket. 5. The vehicle of claim 1 further comprising a front differential, wherein said front wheel comprises a front left wheel and a front right wheel, the front differential is coupled with each of the front left wheel and the front right wheel, and the front differential comprises the front sprocket. 6. The vehicle of claim 1 further comprising a rear differential, wherein said rear wheel comprises a rear left wheel and a rear right wheel, the rear differential is coupled with each of the rear left wheel and the rear right wheel, and the rear differential comprises the rear sprocket. 7. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the first sprocket and the second sprocket are rotatable about a common axis. 8. The vehicle of claim 1 wherein the one-way clutch facilitates transfer of power from the second sprocket to the first sprocket, but prevents transfer of power from the first sprocket to the second sprocket. 9. An all terrain vehicle comprising: a frame extending from a front end to a rear end; a front left wheel and a front right wheel each being supported adjacent to the front end of the frame; a front differential coupled with each of the front left wheel and the front right wheel, wherein the front differential comprises a front sprocket; a rear left wheel and a rear right wheel each being supported adjacent to the rear end of the frame; a rear differential coupled with each of the rear left wheel and the rear right wheel, wherein the rear differential comprises a rear sprocket; an engine attached to the frame; a transmission coupled with the engine; a drive sprocket coupled with the transmission; a jack shaft comprising a first sprocket, a second sprocket, and a one-way clutch selectively coupling the first sprocket and the second sprocket; a first flexible drive member coupling the front sprocket and the first sprocket; a second flexible drive member coupling the second sprocket and the drive sprocket; and a third flexible drive member coupling the drive sprocket and the rear sprocket. 10. The all terrain vehicle of claim 9 wherein the first flexible drive member, the second flexible drive member, and the third flexible drive member each comprises a respective chain. 11. The all terrain vehicle of claim 9 wherein the first sprocket and the second sprocket are rotatable about a common axis. 12. The all terrain vehicle of claim 9 wherein the one-way clutch facilitates transfer of power from the second sprocket to the first sprocket, but prevents transfer of power from the first sprocket to the second sprocket. 13. A vehicle comprising: at least one front wheel; at least one rear wheel; an engine, the engine being coupled with said rear wheel; and a jack shaft coupled with the engine and with said front wheel, wherein the jack shaft is configured to selectively couple the engine with said front wheel. 14. The vehicle of claim 13 wherein the jack shaft comprises a first sprocket, a second sprocket, and a one-way clutch selectively coupling the first sprocket and the second sprocket, wherein the first sprocket is coupled with said front wheel, and wherein the second sprocket is coupled with the engine. 15. The vehicle of claim 14 wherein the first sprocket and the second sprocket are rotatable about a common axis, and wherein the one-way clutch facilitates transfer of power from the second sprocket to the first sprocket, but prevents transfer of power from the first sprocket to the second sprocket. 16. The vehicle of claim 14 further comprising a first flexible drive member, a second flexible drive member, and a third flexible drive member, wherein the first flexible drive member couples the first sprocket and said front wheel, the second flexible drive member couples the second sprocket and the engine, and the third flexible drive member couples the engine and said rear wheel. 17. The vehicle of claim 16 further comprising a front differential, wherein the front differential is coupled with said front wheel and comprises a front sprocket drivingly engaged with the first flexible drive member. 18. The vehicle of claim 16 further comprising a rear differential, wherein the rear differential is coupled with said rear wheel and comprises a rear sprocket drivingly engaged with the third flexible drive member. 19. The vehicle of claim 16 wherein the first flexible drive member, the second flexible drive member, and the third flexible drive member each comprises a respective chain.
|
['B60K17342']
|
claim
|
12,329,786
|
[claim] 1. A method of radio frequency (RF) power transmission in a wireless network including multiple wireless stations, the method comprising: generating control signals for switching a receiving wireless station between a power reception mode and a data reception mode, the control signals providing switching information including information about which of the modes to switch to, and information about timing of the switching; and switching the wireless station between power reception and data reception modes based on the control signals; wherein in the data reception mode, the receiving wireless station processes an RF transmission from a sending wireless station as a data communication, and in the power reception mode the receiving wireless station processes the RF transmission as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 2. The method of claim 1 further including: the receiving station switching between the data receiving and power receiving modes based on the control signals; in the data reception mode, the receiving wireless station utilizing an RF transmission from the sending wireless station as a data communication; and in the power reception mode, the receiving wireless station utilizing the RF transmission as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein utilizing the RF transmission as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station further includes: the receiving station utilizing an RF transmission from a coordinator station or from a peer station, as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein: the wireless network comprises a star network such that the sending wireless station functions as a coordinator station; and utilizing the RF transmission as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station further includes: the receiving station utilizing an RF transmission from the coordinator station as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein: the coordinator station generates a beacon frame providing scheduling information for channel access. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the wireless network comprises a mesh network such that the sending wireless station functions as a peer station; and utilizing the RF transmission as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station further includes: the receiving station utilizing an RF transmission from a peer station as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 7. The method of claim 6 further including using a Request to Send (RTS)/Clear To Send (CTS) protocol for power transmission purposes. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the mesh network comprises an asynchronous mesh network, the method further includes transmitting Request to Send (RTS) frame from a sending station to a destination receiving station, and transmitting Clear To Send (CTS) frame from the destination receiving station to the sending station, wherein the RTS and CTS frames provide the remaining network stations with switching information for said remaining device to switch to power reception mode during a communication period between the sending and destination receiving stations, and utilizing an RF transmission from the sending station during the communication period as energy radiation for powering said remaining stations. 9. The method of claim 7 further including: providing a power inter-frame space interval to allow mains powered wireless stations to generate RF transmission for powering battery powered wireless stations, thereby preventing battery powered wireless stations from transmitting data during said power transmissions, wherein the RTS frame for power transmission is always transmitted when no RTS frame for data transmission is received after a previous data communication in the network neighborhood. 10. An apparatus for radio frequency (RF) power transmission in a wireless network including multiple wireless stations, comprising: a controller configured for operation in a receiving station to generate control signals for switching the receiving wireless station between a power reception mode and a data reception mode, the control signals providing switching information including information about which of the modes to switch to, and information about timing of the switching; wherein in the data reception mode, the receiving wireless station processes an RF transmission from a sending wireless station as a data communication, and in the power reception mode the receiving wireless station processes the RF transmission as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the receiving station utilizes an RF transmission from a coordinator station or from a peer station, as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the wireless network comprises a star network such that the sending wireless station is configured to function as a coordinator station and the receiving station utilizes an RF transmission from the coordinator station as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: the coordinator is configured for generating a beacon frame providing scheduling information about channel access. 14. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein: the wireless network comprises a mesh network such that the sending wireless station functions as a peer station; and the receiving station utilizes an RF transmission from a peer station as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the mesh network comprises an asynchronous mesh network, and the controller comprises a media access control (MAC) layer configured for signaling a physical (PHY) layer for transmitting Request to Send (RTS) frame from a sending station to a destination receiving station, and transmitting and Clear To Send (CTS) frame from the destination receiving station to the sending station, wherein the RTS and CTS frames provide the remaining network stations with switching information for said remaining device to switch to power reception mode during a communication period between the sending and destination receiving stations, and utilizing an RF transmission from the sending station during the communication period as energy radiation for powering said remaining stations. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the MAC layer is further configured for providing a power inter-frame space interval to allow mains powered wireless stations to generate RF transmission for
|
['G08C1700']
|
claim
|
12,557,840
|
CATHETER FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE GUIDED PROCEDURES [SEP] [abstract] A catheter for magnetic resonance (MR) guided procedures comprising: a catheter body having a lumen for accommodating an intravascular device; a magnetic coupling component in the catheter body, the magnetic coupling component being designed to magnetically couple with a conductive length on the intravascular device, the magnetic coupling resulting in a signal; the catheter having a connection to deliver the signal to a processor.
|
['A61B5055' 'A61M2900' 'A61M2500']
|
abstract
|
12,366,347
|
[claim] 1. An image capturing apparatus comprising: an image capturing unit which has an image sensor for photoelectrically converting an object image, and generates an image signal on the basis of an output signal from the image sensor; a storage unit which stores foreign substance information including information on at least a position and size of a foreign substance adhering to an optical element arranged in front of the image sensor; a buffer unit which temporarily stores the image signal output from said image capturing unit; a correction unit which corrects, based on the foreign substance information, an image signal corresponding to a shadow of the foreign substance among image signals output from said buffer unit and outputs a corrected image signal; and a control unit which controls said buffer unit and said correction unit to change, in accordance with a free area of said buffer unit, an amount of the image signal corresponding to the shadow of the foreign substance that is to be corrected among image signals output from said image capturing unit. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the free area of said buffer unit becomes not larger than a first threshold level, said control unit controls said buffer unit and said correction unit not to correct the image signal corresponding to the shadow of the foreign substance. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when the free area of said buffer unit becomes larger than the first threshold level and not larger than a second threshold level which is larger than the first threshold level, said control unit controls said buffer unit and said correction unit to correct an image signal corresponding to a shadow of a foreign substance having a size larger than a predetermined size among foreign substances included in the foreign substance information. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when the free area of said buffer unit becomes larger than the first threshold level and not larger than a second threshold level which is larger than the first threshold level, said control unit controls said buffer unit and said correction unit to correct an image signal corresponding to a shadow of a foreign substance having a density higher than a predetermined density among foreign substances included in the foreign substance information. 5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when the free area of said buffer unit becomes larger than the first threshold level and not larger than a second threshold level which is larger than the first threshold level, said control unit controls said buffer unit and said correction unit to correct an image signal corresponding to a shadow of a foreign substance near a center of an image among foreign substances included in the foreign substance information. 6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when the free area of said buffer unit becomes larger than a second threshold level which is larger than the first threshold level, said control unit controls said buffer unit and said correction unit to correct image signals corresponding to shadows of all foreign substances included in the foreign substance information. 7. A method of controlling an image capturing apparatus including an image capturing unit which has an image sensor for photoelectrically converting an object image, and generates an image signal on the basis of an output signal from the image sensor, a storage unit which stores foreign substance information including information on at least a position and size of a foreign substance adhering to an optical element arranged in front of the image sensor, a buffer unit which temporarily stores the image signal output from the image capturing unit, and a correction unit which corrects, based on the foreign substance information, an image signal corresponding to a shadow of the foreign substance among image signals output from the buffer unit and outputs a corrected image signal, the method comprising: a control step of controlling the buffer unit and the correction unit to change, in accordance with a free area of the buffer unit, an amount of the image signal corresponding to the shadow of the foreign substance that is to be corrected among image signals output from the image capturing unit. 8. A program causing a computer to execute a control method defined in claim 7.
|
['H04N5217']
|
claim
|
11,963,752
|
[invention] The present disclosure relates to data processing by means of a digital computer, and more particularly to business intelligence data extraction on demand. In general, an enterprise system landscape may include a business intelligence system, which may be used for collection, integration, analysis, and presentation of business information. For example, SAP AG's NetWeaver enterprise solution includes a business intelligence solution named SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence which allows for analytics, including reporting. Applications of a business intelligence system may retrieve data through queries. One method of providing a query service in a business intelligence system may include performing OLAP (online analytical processing) queries of a multidimensional nature. Applications of OLAP may include business reporting (e.g., for sales, marketing, and management); business process management (BPM); budgeting and forecasting; financial reporting; and the like. To perform the queries, a database data structure of a business intelligence system may be configured for multidimensional queries by conforming to a multidimensional data model and that database data structure may receive information from other data sources, such as an online transaction processing (OLTP) database system which may store data in two dimensions with drill-down capabilities. In general, the OLAP data that results from OLAP is generated from data imported from data sources, such as an OLTP data source, that may be on another system, which may be remotely located. For an OLAP system, obtaining information for an OLAP query may involve requests for OLTP data and performing transformations on OLTP data to generate OLAP data.
|
['G06F1730']
|
background
|
11,474,501
|
[claim] 21. A method for producing carboxamide comprising a process for synthesizing carboxamide, wherein the carboxamide is synthesized by reacting, under no presence of a catalyst, a fatty acid ester represented by General Formula (1) below with a diamine represented by General Formula (2) below at a molar ratio of the diamine to the fatty acid ester of 1.20 to 1.60; and the carboxamide comprises 0.02% by mass to 0.18% by mass of amide ester represented by General Formula (3) below: R1—COOR2 General Formula (1) wherein, in General Formula (1) above, R1 represents any one of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, alkenyl group and hydroxyalkyl group having a carbon number of five to 12; and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group having a carbon number of one to four; wherein, in General Formula (2) above, R3 and R4 are the same or different and represent an alkyl group having a carbon number of one to four; and n represents an integer of two to four; and wherein, in General Formula (3) above, R1 and R5 represent any one of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, alkenyl group and hydroxyalkyl group having a carbon number of five to 23; and n represents an integer of two to four. 22. A method for producing a carboxamide derivative comprising a process for producing a carboxamide derivative represented by General Formula (4) below by reacting carboxamide produced with the method for producing carboxamide according to claim 21 and hydrogen peroxide: wherein, in General Formula (4), R1 represents any one of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, alkenyl group and hydroxyalkyl group having a carbon number of five to 23; R3 and R4 are the same or different, representing an alkyl group having a carbon number of one to four; and n represents an integer of two to four. 23. A method for producing a carboxamide derivative comprising a process for producing a carboxamide derivative represented by General Formula (6) below by reacting carboxamide produced with the method for producing carboxamide according to claim 21 and any one of monohaloalkylcarboxylic acid represented by Structural Formula (5) below and a salt thereof: YR6COOZ General Formula (5) wherein, in General Formula (5), Y represents a halogen atom; R6 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group having a carbon number of one to three; and Z represents any one of a hydrogen atom and an alkali metal atom; and wherein, in General Formula (6), R1 represents any one of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, alkenyl group and hydroxyalkyl group having a carbon number of five to 23; R3 and R4 are the same or different, representing an alkyl group having a carbon number of one to four; and n represents an integer of two to four. 24. The method for producing a carboxamide derivative according to claim 22, wherein the content of amide ester represented by General Formula (3) below is 0.05% by mass or less: wherein, in General Formula (3) above, R1 and R5 represent any one of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, alkenyl group and hydroxyalkyl group having a carbon number of five to 23; and n represents an integer of two to four. 25. A carboxamide derivative produced with any one of the methods for producing a carboxamide derivative according to claim 23. 26. The carboxamide derivative according to claim 25, wherein the carboxamide derivative is amide amine oxide. 27. The carboxamide derivative according to claim 25, wherein the carboxamide derivative is amide betaine. 28. A detergent composition comprising the carboxamide derivative according to claim 25. 29. The method for producing carboxamide according to claim 21, wherein the reaction temperature in the process for synthesizing carboxamide is 190° C. to 200° C. 30. The method for producing a carboxamide derivative according to claim 23, wherein the content of amide ester represented by General Formula (3) below is 0.05% by mass or less: wherein, in General Formula (3) above, R1 and R5 represent any one of a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, alkenyl group and hydroxyalkyl group having a carbon number of five to 23; and n represents an integer of two to four. 31. A carboxamide derivative produced with any one of the methods for producing a carboxamide derivative according to claim 24. 32. A carboxamide derivative produced with anyone of the methods for producing a carboxamide derivative according to claim 30. 33. The carboxamide derivative according to claim 31, wherein the carboxamide derivative is amide amine oxide. 34. The carboxamide derivative according to claim 32, wherein the carboxamide derivative is amide amine oxide. 35. The carboxamide derivative according to claim 31, wherein the carboxamide derivative is amide betaine. 36. The carboxamide derivative according to claim 32, wherein the carboxamide derivative is amide betaine. 37. A detergent composition comprising the carboxamide derivative according to claim 36. 38. A detergent composition comprising the carboxamide derivative according to claim 37. 39. A detergent composition comprising the carboxamide derivative according to claim 33. 40. A detergent composition comprising the carboxamide derivative according to claim 35.
|
['C07C23702']
|
claim
|
12,035,274
|
[summary] We have discovered that unexpectedly improved adhesive formulations can be prepared by admixing rubber particles having a core-shell structure, at least one auxiliary impact modifier/toughening agent (such as an epoxy-based prepolymer obtained by reacting an epoxy resin with an amine-terminated polyether), additional epoxy resin, a latent curing agent capable of being activated by heat, and, optionally, fillers (especially platy fillers and/or hollow glass microspheres), thixotropic agents, coloring agents, expanding (blowing) agents, or other adjuvants of the type known in the art. When applied to a substrate or carrier and cured by heating, the adhesive results in a product having improved impact toughness and/or impact resistance and improved retention of peel strength at low temperatures useful in a wide variety of applications. In one embodiment of the invention, the adhesion of the cured adhesive to an oily substrate is enhanced by additionally including a reaction product of an epoxy resin and a compound containing chelating functionality.
|
['C08L6300' 'C08L6302' 'C08L5104']
|
summary
|
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