doc_id
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11,614,040
|
WEB-BASED TELEPHONY SYSTEM AND METHOD [SEP] [abstract] A method and a system to establish an Internet telephone call from a terminal device. The method may comprise displaying a graphical user interface of a web telephone on the terminal device. In response to displaying the graphical user interface, a script interpreter of a web browser executing on the terminal device is activated, with the script interpreter establishing a signaling channel with a communication server, and registering the web telephone with the communication server.
|
['H04M1100']
|
abstract
|
11,498,470
|
[claim] 1. A machine for the production of a tissue paper web, comprising a skin being one of a three-dimensionally structured skin, a structured mesh, a non-structured skin and a felt; a drying cylinder having a cylindrical surface; a press roller having a mating surface that is formed by a cylindrical surface of said press roller, said cylindrical surface having a plurality of bores therein; and a forming section in which the tissue paper web is formed from a pulp suspension on said skin, between said cylindrical surface of said drying cylinder and said mating surface a nip is formed, through said nip the tissue paper web is conveyed together with said skin, a configuration of the machine being variable such that depending on said quality of the tissue paper to be produced, said quality being at least one of absorbency and tear resistance, said skin altered between said three-dimensionally structured skin, said structured mesh, said non-structured skin and said felt, said mating surface being formed by said cylindrical surface of said press roller which includes a suction zone, at least some of said plurality of bores communicating with said suction zone. 2. The machine of claim 1, wherein said three-dimensionally structured skin is used for said production of tissue paper with higher absorbency and said non-structured skin for said production of tissue paper with lower absorbency. 3. The machine of claim 1, further comprising a dewatering apparatus positioned between said forming section and said nip, said dewatering apparatus being operated in relation to said nip such that the tissue paper web is dewatered by said dewatering apparatus to a greater extent during operation with said structured skin and to a smaller extent during operation with said non-structured skin than by said nip. 4. The machine of claim 3, wherein during operation with said non-structured skin the tissue paper web is not conveyed through said dewatering apparatus. 5. The machine of claim 1, wherein said bores are arranged and constructed such that the tissue paper web downstream from said nip when operating the machine with one of said structured mesh and said felt has a dry content of 31% or more. 6. The machine of claim 1, wherein said bores have a diameter of less than 3.8 mm. 7. A machine for said production of a tissue paper web, comprising: a drying cylinder having a cylindrical surface; and a press roller having a cylindrical surface that serves as a mating surface to said drying cylinder, said cylindrical surface of said press roller having a plurality of bores therein, a nip being defined between said cylindrical surface of said drying cylinder and said mating surface, the tissue paper web being conveyed through said nip together with a permeable skin between said skin and said cylindrical surface, said press roller having a suction zone, at least some of said plurality of bores communicating with said suction zone, said bores having a diameter of less than 3.8 mm. 8. The machine of claim 7, further comprising a forming section for forming the tissue paper web from a pulp suspension and said skin arranged such that the tissue paper web is formed in said forming section on said skin and is conveyed through said nip. 9. The machine of claim 8, further comprising a dewatering apparatus arranged between said nip and said forming section. 10. The machine of claim 7, wherein said bores have a diameter of one of equal to and less than 3.5 mm. 11. The machine of claim 10, wherein said diameter of one of equal to and less than 3.0 mm. 12. The machine of claim 11, wherein said diameter of one of equal to and less than 2.7 mm. 13. The machine of claim 7, wherein said plurality of bores have a total open area of between 16% and 30% of said cylindrical surface area. 14. The machine of claim 13, wherein said total open area is between 18% and 26%. 15. The machine of claim 14, wherein said total open area is between 20% and 22%. 16. The machine of claim 7, wherein said bores on said cylindrical surface of said press roller form a regular pattern in at least some areas. 17. The machine of claim 7, wherein some of said plurality of bores are blind bores which are non-communicating with said suction zone, said blind bores having a diameter of one of equal to and less than 2.7 mm. 18. The machine of claim 17, wherein said diameter is one of equal to and less than 2.4 mm. 19. The machine of claim 17, wherein said blind bores on said cylindrical surface are arranged between said bores in at least some areas. 20. The machine of claim 7, wherein said bores and said blind bores on said cylindrical surface of said press roller form a regular pattern in at least some areas. 21. The machine of claim 7, wherein said bores or said bores and said blind bores on said cylindrical surface are arranged along a multiplicity of mutually parallel lines. 22. The machine of claim 7, wherein said press roller is driven. 23. The machine of claim 7, wherein said skin is a structured mesh. 24. The machine of claim 23, wherein said structured mesh is a TAD mesh. 25. The machine of claim 23, wherein a side of said structured mesh facing the tissue paper web includes depressed regions and raised regions relative to said depressed regions. 26. The machine of claim 25, wherein the tissue paper web is formed in said depressed and raised regions of said structured mesh. 27. The machine of claim 7, wherein a linear force generated in said nip is less than 120 kN/m. 28. The machine of claim 7, wherein said skin is a felt. 29. The machine of claim 9, wherein said dewatering apparatus includes: a dewatering section; a pressure apparatus; and a pressure apparatus, said skin being one of a structured skin and a non-structured skin, the
|
['D21F900']
|
claim
|
11,825,966
|
Multimodal ethylene-alpha-olefin elastomers and process for making [SEP] [abstract] Disclosed herein is a multimodal polymer composition comprising 45 to 75 wt % of a first polymer fraction, 25 to 55 wt % of a second polymer fraction, and from 10-50 phr of an extender oil. The multimodal polymer composition has an overall Mooney viscosity of less than 90 ML(1+4@125° C.), and each polymer fraction comprises an ethylene, C3-C10 alpha-olefin, non-conjugated diene polymer, wherein the first polymer fraction has a Mooney viscosity of greater than or equal to about 150 ML(1+4@125° C.), the second polymer fraction has a Mooney viscosity from about 20 to about 120 ML(1+4@125° C.). A process for making the multimodal polymer composition comprising a process utilizing two or more reactors in series is also disclosed.
|
['C08L2300' 'C08F201']
|
abstract
|
11,744,603
|
SOLID-STATE FORM OF CELECOXIB HAVING ENHANCED BIOAVAILABILITY [SEP] [abstract] The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory drug celecoxib is provided in amorphous form. Also provided is a celecoxib drug substance wherein the celecoxib is present, in at least a detectable amount, as amorphous celecoxib. Also provided is a celecoxib-crystallization inhibitor composite comprising particles of amorphous celecoxib or a celecoxib drug substance of the invention in intimate association with one or more crystallization inhibitors, for example polymers. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a celecoxib-crystallization inhibitor composite and one or more excipients. Also provided are processes for preparing amorphous celecoxib, a celecoxib drug substance of the invention, a celecoxib-crystallization inhibitor composite of the invention, and a pharmaceutical composition of the invention. Also provided is a method of treating a medical condition or disorder in a subject where treatment with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor is indicated, comprising administering, for example orally, a composition of the invention in a therapeutically effective amount.
|
['A61K31415' 'A61K3179' 'A61K920' 'A61K948']
|
abstract
|
11,538,850
|
[summary] The invention is directed to a transistor structure and method for creation of the same. A first embodiment is directed to a semiconductor structure comprising a first gate electrode region, a second gate electrode region, and a silicide layer. The first gate electrode region comprises a gate electrode material doped with first ions for a first device. The second gate electrode region comprises a gate electrode material doped with second ions for a second device. The gate electrode region is partially removed at a junction of the first and second regions. The silicide layer is over the partially removed gate electrode region. A second embodiment is directed to a method for forming a semiconductor structure comprising two doping and a removing step. One doping step comprises doping a gate material with ions of a first conductivity type in a first region of the gate material while substantially preventing a second region of the gate material from first conductivity type doping. One doping step comprises doping the gate material with ions of a second conductivity type in the second region while substantially preventing the first region of the gate material from first conductivity type doping in the first region. The doping steps create a junction at which the first conductivity type doped region adjacently meets the second conductivity type doped region. The removing step comprises removing a portion of the junction such that the first conductivity type doped region adjacently meets the second conductivity type doped region only at a remaining portion of the junction. The invention solves the aforementioned problems associated with prior art transistors. More specifically, the invention partially removes the top portion of the gate near the junction where dopant cross diffusion is the highest, without risking the shorting of the source/drain. The followed self-aligned silicidation process connects the N+/P+ gate conductor, without requiring separated interconnect layer. For at least the foregoing reasons, the invention improves transistor technology.
|
['H01L21336']
|
summary
|
10,576,778
|
Process For Producing In Yeast Empty Viral Capsids Consisting Of Proteins Derived From Pvp2 Of The Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Ibdv) [SEP] [abstract] The empty capsids of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) are formed by the assembly of proteins derived from the pVP2 protein of IBDV, with a different size and with an application in producing vaccines and in preparing gene therapy vectors.
|
['A61K3912' 'C12N700' 'C12N1574' 'C12N118']
|
abstract
|
11,029,881
|
Method for CuO reduction by using two step nitrogen oxygen and reducing plasma treatment [SEP] [abstract] A method for cleaning a copper interconnect after a chemical-mechanical polishing that comprises: a) treating the surface of said copper interconnect with a nitrogen and oxygen containing treatment; and b) without breaking vacuum, treating the copper interconnect with a NH3 or H2 plasma treatment. Next a cap layer is formed over the copper interconnect.
|
['H01L2144' 'H01L21461' 'H01L2126']
|
abstract
|
11,167,195
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for baking a photoresist, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for soft baking a photoresist before performing an exposing process. 2. Description of the Related Art Recently, portable electronic devices such as a mobile phone, a PDA, and a notebook computer have been widely used. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a flat panel display device with light weight and compact size. The flat panel display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display panel (PDP), a field emission display (FED), a vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), etc. have been actively researched and developed. Among the above display devices, the LCD device that can be easily driven, massively produced, and realized with high picture quality is in the spotlight. The LCD device includes an array substrate having pixels, a color filter substrate facing the array substrate for displaying colors, and a liquid crystal layer formed between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. An electric field applied on the liquid crystal layer controls an alignment direction of the liquid crystal layer. A switching device such as a thin film transistor for driving the pixel is arranged adjacent to the pixel on the array substrate. The thin film transistor is fabricated by using a semiconductor fabricating process, including a photolithography process using a photoresist pattern. The photolithography process includes a process for depositing a thin film on a substrate, a process for applying a photoresist on the thin film, a process for exposing the photoresist, a process for developing the photoresist, a process for etching the thin film by using the developed photoresist pattern, a process for stripping the photoresist pattern, and a process for washing the substrate. The process for patterning a photoresist is referred to as a photo process. The photo process includes a process for surface-processing a substrate so that a photoresist can be smoothly deposited on the substrate, a process for depositing a photoresist on the substrate, a soft baking process for removing a solvent in the deposited photoresist, a process for applying a mask to the soft baked photoresist and exposing the soft baked photoresist, a process for developing the exposed photoresist, and a hard baking process for hardening the photoresist developed so that the photoresist is formed as a certain pattern. The photoresist can be uniformly deposited on the substrate by a spin coating method. Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B , a soft baking apparatus is inside a chamber in which the soft baking process and the hard baking process are mainly performed. The soft baking apparatus will be explained in more detail hereinbelow. The soft baking process is performed in order to remove a part of a solvent in the deposited photoresist. Therefore, the soft baking apparatus is provided with a heating plate for heating the substrate on which a photoresist is deposited and for evaporating the solvent in the photoresist. The soft baking apparatus is divided into a contact type soft baking apparatus and a non-contact type soft baking apparatus. For the contact type soft baking apparatus, the substrate 102 is in direct contact with a heating plate 101 as shown in FIG. 1A . For the non-contact type soft baking apparatus, the substrate 102 is spaced apart from the heating plate 101 by a certain distance as shown in FIG. 1B . A heating wire 103 for supplying heat to the heating plate 101 is installed in the heating plate 101 . For the contact type soft baking apparatus, since the substrate is in direct contact with the heating plate 101 in which a heating wire is installed, the heat distribution may be non-uniform on the substrate. Therefore, as shown in FIG. B, the non-contact soft baking apparatus is developed. As shown in FIG. 1B , the substrate 102 is spaced apart from the heating plate 101 by a certain distance by a plurality of lift pins 104 . FIGS. 2A and 2B are top views showing a substrate 200 spaced apart from the heating plate 101 by a plurality of lift pins 202 formed on the heating plate 101 . As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B , the substrate 200 is divided into an LCD panel region 201 and a non-LCD panel region 204 , i.e., the dummy region. The lift pins 202 formed on the heating plate are constructed to be simultaneously lifted or lowered. Before the substrate is introduced into the soft baking apparatus, the lift pins 202 are lifted and wait for the substrate to be loaded. All the lift pins 202 are simultaneously lifted by a certain height from the upper surface of the heating plate. Then, the substrate 200 is loaded on the lift pins 202 for a soft baking process. However, a contact region of the substrate contacted by the lift pins 202 and a non-contact region of the substrate are heated at different temperatures during the soft baking process. Therefore, the photoresist on the contact region and the non-contact region has different drying speeds and contraction degrees, which cause an inferior baked photoresist pattern in the exposing process. That is, since the contact region and the non-contact region have different heating speeds and cooling speeds, spots are generated on the substrate in the exposing process. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the lift pins do not contact the LCD panel region in order to have a uniform baked photoresist in the LCD panel region before performing the exposing process. However, since the LCD panel region may be arranged on different substrates in different ways, the LCD panel region of a certain substrate may not be in contact with the lift pins, but the LCD panel region of another substrate may be in contact with the lift pins, thereby causing spots on the substrate in the exposing process. FIGS. 2A and 2B show two different arrangements of the LCD
|
['H01J314']
|
background
|
11,840,352
|
[summary] The present invention has been devised in light of these circumstances and it is an advantage therein to provide an apparatus capable of carrying out transport that has been corrected to a certain extent for a medium other than that of combinations for which correction values are stored even in a case where correction values for all combinations of medium types and sizes cannot be stored due to memory capacity restrictions. In order to achieve the above-described object, a primary aspect of the invention is directed to a transport amount correcting method that includes: (A) determining whether or not correction values associated with relative positions of a head and a medium are stored in a memory, the correction values being correction values for correcting target transport amounts when transporting the medium, the medium being of a predetermined combination of a type and size of the medium; and (B) transporting, when carrying out transport of the medium of the predetermined combination, the medium while correcting a target transport amount using a correction value corresponding to a relative position at a time of carrying out the transport, and transporting, when carrying out transport of a medium other than the predetermined combination, the medium while correcting the target transport amount using a fixed correction value. Other features of the invention will become clear through the accompanying drawings and the following description.
|
['G06F1500']
|
summary
|
12,247,557
|
[description] An embodiment of the present invention is now described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The structure of a video camera 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15. This embodiment of the present invention is applied to the video camera 1, which is an exemplary image sensor. In the video camera 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a camera body 2 is provided with a lens-barrel 4 storing a lens portion 3 (see FIG. 1) consisting of a plurality of optical lenses, a video cassette portion 7 on which a stroboscope 5 (see FIG. 1), a built-in microphone 6 (see FIG. 1) and a video tape (not shown) are detachably mounted and a memory card receiving portion 8 (see FIG. 2), as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The video camera 1 further comprises a recording/reproducing button 9 used when recording images, a shutter button 10 used for imaging still pictures, a power supply button 11 (see FIG. 2), a finder 12 (see FIG. 2) and a liquid crystal monitor 13 (see FIG. 2) capable of displaying the recorded images on the screen thereof. As shown in FIG. 2, a shaking correction portion 30 for moving a CCD 31 (see FIG. 3) described later is arranged in the camera body 2 at the back of the lens portion 3. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lens-barrel 4 storing the lens portion 3 (see FIG. 1) is so formed as to horizontally protrude outward from the front surface of the camera body 2. The stroboscope 5 has a function of emitting light as auxiliary light. The built-in microphone 6 has a function of collecting sounds around a subject in imaging (recording). The video cassette portion 7 and the memory card receiving portion 8 are capable of storing dynamic pictures and still pictures in a video tape (not shown) and a memory card (not shown) respectively. The recording/reproducing button 9 is so pressed by the user as to start an operation of storing images picked up by the CCD 31 (see FIG. 3) described later in the video tape (not shown) and to stop the operation of storing the images in the video tape (not shown) upon completion of the recording. The finder 12 and the liquid crystal monitor 13 are so formed that the user can decide the imaging range while observing the subject through either one or both of the finder 12 and the liquid crystal monitor 13. The liquid crystal monitor 13 is capable of displaying a set screen for setting images, sounds etc. of the video camera 1. An operating button 14 is so formed as to enable the user to select items from the set screen displayed on the liquid crystal monitor 13. According to this embodiment, the lens-barrel 4 storing the lens portion 3 is arranged on the shaking correction portion 30 along arrow Z1, as shown in FIG. 3. The lens cover 20 for stabilizing operations of the lens portion 3 and the lens-barrel 4 is arranged between the shaking correction portion 30 and the lens-barrel 4. This lens cover 20 has a protrusion 20a for fixing a photointerrupter 46 described later, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the shaking correction portion 30 includes an X-Y stage 32, mounted with the CCD (charge-coupled device) 31 for picking up the dynamic and still pictures, for moving the CCD 31. The CCD 31 is an example of the “imaging element” in the present invention, and the X-Y stage 32 is an example of the “movable portion” in the present invention. An L-shaped arm member 33 for transmitting driving force of an X-axis stepping motor 35 described later to the X-Y stage 32 is mounted on the upper surface of an end of the X-Y stage 32 along arrow Y1. This arm member 33 is mounted on the X-Y stage 32 with a screw member 34. A side surface portion 33a perpendicularly extending downward is provided on an end of the arm member 33 along arrow X2, on the outer side a fixed stage 36, described later, along arrow Y1. The X-axis stepping motor 35 serving as the driving source for moving the X-Y stage 32 in a direction X through the arm member 33 is provided on a side of the side surface portion 33a along arrow X2. This X-axis stepping motor 35 is fixed to the fixed stage 36 fixed to the camera body 2 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The fixed stage 36 is an example of the “fixed portion” in the present invention. The X-axis stepping motor 35 includes a motor screw 35a in the form of a screw shaft rotationally driven by the X-axis stepping motor 35. This motor screw 35a is inserted into a notch 33b provided on the side surface portion 33a of the arm member 33, to mesh with a nut member 37 arranged on the side along arrow X1 with respect to the side surface portion 33a of the arm member 33. The X-axis stepping motor 35 converts the rotational driving to linear driving through this nut member 37, so that the X-Y stage 32 is linearly movable in the direction X. A helical tension spring 38 is arranged on the side of the fixed stage 36 along arrow Y1. This helical tension spring 38 has an end mounted on a hook portion 36a formed on the side of the fixed stage 36 along arrow Y1 and another end mounted on another hook portion 33c formed on the side of the side surface portion 33a of the arm member 33 along arrow X1. The helical tension spring 38 is provided in order to urge the X-Y stage 32 along arrow X1, and arranged substantially parallelly to the direction X. Thus, the helical tension spring 38 so regularly urges the X-Y stage 32 along arrow X1
|
['H04N521']
|
detailed_description
|
12,027,964
|
DIFFERENTIAL ETCH RATE CONTROL OF LAYERS DEPOSITED BY CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION [SEP] [abstract] A method and apparatus is provided for controlling the etch profile of a multilayer layer stack by depositing a first and second material layer with differential etch rates in the same or different processing chamber. In one embodiment of the invention, a process for etching substrate material is provided including depositing a first silicon-containing material layer having a first etch rate on the substrate surface from a nitrogen-containing precursor at a first flow rate and a silicon-containing precursor, depositing a second silicon-containing material layer having a second etch rate different than the first etch rate on the first silicon-containing material layer from the nitrogen-containing precursor at a second flow rate different than the first flow rate and the silicon-containing precursor, etching the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer, and forming a taper etch profile in the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer.
|
['C23F100']
|
abstract
|
12,622,759
|
[description] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. Note that, in this specification and the appended drawings, structural elements that have substantially the same function and structure are denoted with the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation of these structural elements is omitted. The description will be made in the following order. [1. Overall configuration of system] [2. Configuration of viewing device] [3. Functional configuration of viewing device and storage device] [4. Content management function] [4.1 Content management when retrieving new content] [4.2 Content management when reproducing content] [4.3 Content management based on elapsed time from last access time and date] [5. Operation flow of viewing device] [6. Effect] First Embodiment [1. Overall Configuration of System] First, a schematic configuration of a home network system according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a schematic configuration of a home network system according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the home network system according to the present embodiment includes at least one viewing device 10, a plurality of storage devices (first storage device 20, second storage device 30), and a network 5 for connecting the storage devices in a mutually communicable manner. The viewing device 10 serves as an information processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. The first storage device 20 serves as a first external storage device according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the second storage device 30 serves as a second external storage device according to the embodiment of the present invention. The home network system according to the present embodiment is a communication system in which a plurality of electronic devices is connected through the network in a household of the user to share data. The home network system as shown in FIG. 2 will be described below for the communication system, by way of example, but the communication system to which the information processing apparatus and the external storage device according to the embodiment of the present invention are applied may also be applied other than to the home network installed in the household. For instance, application can be made to an arbitrary network system such as a network system installed in various types of organizations such as companies and schools, and a network system where communication can be performed between arbitrary terminals through the Internet and the like. In the home network system according to the present embodiment, the viewing device 10 has a function for managing the storage area based on the elapsed time from the last access time and date with respect to all content data saved in the system. The present system thus functions as a content lifecycle management system for collectively managing the lifespan of the content data in the system with the viewing device 10. Each component of the present system will be described below. The network 5 is a communication network for communicably connecting the viewing device 10, the first storage device 20 and the second storage device 30 to each other, and may be wired or wireless. In this home network system, the network 5 is configured by a LAN (Local Area Network) such as Ethernet (registered trademark), but is not limited to such example. For instance, the network 5 may be a public line network such as Internet, telephone line network, and satellite communication network, a dedicated line network such as other LAN, WAN (Wide Area Network), IP-VPN (Internet Protocol-Virtual Private Network) and the like. Such network 5 allows the viewing device 10 and the storage device 20, 30 to mutually communicate various types of data such as content data and control command. The content data (hereinafter referred to as “content”) handled by the home network system includes video/audio content such as television program, and the like. The television broadcasting program may be a program of a television broadcasting of an arbitrary method such as BS broadcasting, CS broadcasting, terrestrial digital broadcasting, terrestrial analog broadcasting, or cable broadcasting. The program contains distributed content such as
|
['G06F1516' 'G06F15173']
|
detailed_description
|
11,485,055
|
[description] FIG. 1 illustrates a typical linear ion trap mass spectrometer configuration 100. The configuration 100 includes a suitable ion source 110 such as an electrospray ion source in a chamber 120. Ions formed in the chamber 120 are conducted to a second chamber 130 via a heated capillary 140 and directed by the lens arrangement 150 into a third chamber 160. The ions entering the third chamber 160 are guided by quadrupole ion guide 170 and directed towards a two- dimensional (linear) quadrupolar ion trap 180, housed in a vacuum chamber 190. Ions generated by the ion source 110 proceed directly or indirectly to the ion trap 180. Quadrupole ion traps use substantially quadrupole fields to trap the ions. In pure quadrupole fields, the motion of the ions is described mathematically by the solutions to a second order differential equation called the Mathieu equation. Solutions can be developed for a general case that applies to all radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) quadrupole devices including both two-dimensional and three-dimensional quadrupole ion traps. A two dimensional quadrupole trap is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,420,425, which is incorporated in its entirety by reference. FIG. 2 illustrates a quadrupole electrode/rod structure of a linear or two-dimensional (2D) quadrupole ion trap 200. The quadrupole structure includes two sets of opposing electrodes including rods that define an elongated internal volume having a central axis along a z direction of a coordinate system. An X set of opposing electrodes includes rods 215 and 220 arranged along the x axis of the coordinate system, and a Y set of opposing electrodes includes rods 205 and 210 arranged along the y axis of the coordinate system. As illustrated, each of the rods 205, 210, 215, 220 is cut into a main or center section 230 and front and back sections 235, 240. The ions are radially contained by the RF quadrupole trapping potentials applied to the X and Y electrode/rod sets under the control of a controller 290. A Radio Frequency (RF) voltage is applied to the rods with one phase applied to the X set, while the opposite phase is applied to the Y set. This establishes a RF quadrupole containment field in the x and y directions and will cause ions to be trapped in these directions. To constrain ions axially (in the z direction), the controller 290 can be configured to apply or vary a DC voltage to the electrodes in the center segment 230 that is different from that in the front and back segments 235, 240. Thus a DC “potential well” is formed in the z direction in addition to the radial containment of the quadrupole field resulting in containment of ions in all three dimensions. An aperture 245 is defined in at least one of the center sections 230 of one of the rods 205, 210, 215, 220. Through the aperture 245, the controller 290 can further facilitate trapped ions can be selectively expelled based on their mass-to-charge ratios in a direction orthogonal to the central axis by causing an additional AC dipolar electric field to be applied or varied in this direction. In this example, the apertures and the applied dipole electric field are on the X rod set. Other appropriate methods may be used to cause the ions to be expelled, for example, the ions may be ejected between the rods. One method for obtaining a mass spectrum of the contained ions is to change the trapping parameters so that trapped ions of increasing values of mass-to-charge ratio become unstable. Effectively, the kinetic energies of the ions are excited in a manner that causes them to become unstable. These unstable ions develop trajectories that exceed the boundaries of the trapping structure and leave the quadrupolar field through an aperture or series of apertures in the electrode structure. The sequentially expelled ions typically strike a dynode 195 and secondary particles emanating therefrom are emitted to the subsequent elements of the detector arrangement. The placement and type of detector arrangement may vary, the detector arrangement for example extending along the length of the ion trap. Throughout this description, the dynode is considered to be part of the detector arrangement, the other elements being elements such as electromultipliers, pre-amplifiers, and other such devices. It should be recognized that different arrangements for the mass analyzing system may be used, as is well known by the art. For example, analyzing device may be configured such that ions are expelled axially from the ion trap rather than radially. The available axial direction could be used to couple the linear ion trap to another mass analyzer such as a Fourier Transform RF Quadrupole Analyzer, Time of Flight Analyzer, three-dimensional ion trap, Orbitrap™ or other type of mass analyzer in a hybrid configuration. FIG. 3 shows a mass spectrometer configuration 300 including a linear ion trap 380 according to an aspect of the invention. It can be seen that this configuration exhibits all the features of the configuration shown and described in FIG. 1, with the exception of the linear ion trap 380 and the dynodes 395. In this configuration, the linear ion trap 380 comprises multiple segments, and there is a plurality of dynodes 395 disposed adjacent each discrete segment. In this particular configuration, dynodes 395 are disposed on either side of the multi-segmented linear ion trap, enabling substantially all ions that are expelled from the ion trap to be detected. It will appreciated that the number of dynodes, and their disposition is not limited to that illustrated, and that dynodes may, as in FIG. 1, be disposed on one side of the linear ion trap only, be disposed adjacent every other segment, or include a dynode disposed axially for example. In this respect, it should be noted that FIG. 3 is not necessarily representative of the direction in which the ions are expelled from the ion trap (typically being ejected and/or extracted), but merely of the fact that they are expelled, whether that be
|
['B01D5944']
|
detailed_description
|
11,265,238
|
[invention] Existing vehicle wheel steering arrangements include a steering gear, tie rods, control arms, control arm bushings, and wheels. The frictional damping within the steering gear affects both steering feel, which is generally at frequencies less than 2 Hz, and the higher frequency chassis modes, which are typically in the range of 10-15 Hz. Chassis modes can cause vibration to propagate through the steering gear and result in oscillations of the steering wheel, also referred to as “steering nibble”. Steering nibble is a significant issue for the automotive industry. Previous steering arrangements relied heavily on frictional damping within the steering gear to attenuate steering nibble energy. This arrangement provides some chassis mode energy dissipation; however, the attenuation may be insufficient because frictional damping becomes less effective at higher frequencies. Also, the automotive industry trend has been to reduce frictional damping, because decreasing 0-2 Hz damping positively affects customer perceived steering feel. Therefore, any arrangement that relies on increased frictional damping to control 10-15 Hz vibrations will negatively impact steering feel. Some vehicle steering arrangements have employed a common viscous damper, or dashpot, between the steering gear and tie rod, to add damping to the system to attenuate steering nibble. Viscous devices provide damping across a broad frequency range, even though increased damping is only desired at the steering nibble frequency. Increased damping at low frequencies degrades steering feel, while increased damping at high frequencies transmits more vibration into the passenger compartment. The viscous damper provides this compromised performance as well as a significant cost increase.
|
['B62D506' 'B62D722']
|
background
|
12,426,327
|
[summary] Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an electronic file security system and method that substantially obviates one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. An object of the present invention is to provide for seamless, easy to use electronic file encryption which requires little or no technical expertise. Even employees who know little more than how to turn on a computer can utilize the system and methods described herein such that whatever data is created, regardless of where it is created or stored, is preferably automatically protected with encryption. In a preferred embodiment, no incorrect action can prevent an employee's files from being automatically protected. It is another object of the present invention to seamlessly integrate with the operating system or operating environment, such that regardless of where an employee keeps his or her files, the files are protected. The employee does not need to remember to individually protect each new file storage location, or to save files into previously protected locations. Still another object of the present invention is to monitor temporary files created by the operating system and/or individual applications, and to more completely delete such temporary files by wiping the associated binary data from the hard disk at the sector level so that the data cannot be recovered. In a preferred embodiment, such deletion should be done using techniques that meet or exceed the U.S. Department of Defense mandated standards for secure file removal necessary to prevent unauthorized disclosure of classified information. Yet another object of the present invention is to allow users to share computers and network resources without risk. An embodiment of the present invention automatically encrypts files wherever they are located, and by default encrypts the files for use by a single user or authorized group of users. Other users sharing the PC or network file space preferably cannot open the files, regardless of whether thy have been granted network access permission or are able to gain physical access to a PC, unless the users have been authorized to open them. An additional object of the present invention is to permit users to access and operate on protected information without requiring a real-time and continuous connection to a centralized server or set of servers. Another object of the invention is to permit groups of users to exchange secured files, including via E-mail. Once a user joins a group, the user can choose which files are to be shared with the group. The present invention automatically encrypts and decrypts group files for members of the group, while keeping the files otherwise secured. Still another object of the present invention is to provide electronic file encryption which is platform independent. This can allow users working in Microsoft Windows®, Linux®, UNIX, Microsoft PocketPC®, Java-based operating environments, Macintosh OS X, and other operating systems to take advantage of the encryption methods offered by the invention. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. The present invention is a set of processes and functional components executing in an operating environment, such as, but not limited to, an operating system, a runtime environment, or the like. The present invention provides protection against unauthorized rendering and/or transforming of secured data during the individual life-cycles of such files. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention becomes operable as soon as an individual computing device, such as, but not limited to, a cellular telephone, pager, portable digital assistant, personal computer, or mainframe computer is turned on. Any files secured by the present invention which are present on the device can thus be automatically accessed once a user has authenticated himself or herself to the device. This is preferably achieved by integrating the present invention with the operating environment. One means for such integration is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/942,943, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that alternative integration techniques may be substituted therefor without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Still further, although the present invention is described as an enhancement to traditional operating systems, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the techniques described herein can be used to integrate electronic file encryption into the core of an operating environment, or into one or more applications running in the operating environment. A preferred embodiment of the present invention allows users to utilize traditional software applications in their customary and defined manner to create, render, and transform information into or from various electronic formats. This is preferably achieved without altering the traditional applications. By integrating with the runtime operating environment, rather than a specific application, the present invention can provide enhanced data security without impacting standard computer functions, such as, without limitation, anti-virus scans of the software applications. Furthermore, such protection can be provided in compliance with a central security policy that is established by an organization at a variety of levels, including, but not limited to, general organization, user group, individual user, and/or Productivity Application levels. In addition to providing electronic file security, a preferred embodiment of the present invention can ensure that the integrity and security of supporting functions is maintained. Integrity and security assurance methods preferably include, but are not limited to, improved user authentication for the purpose of creating secured files and identification and disposition of various threats that may compromise process integrity. A preferred embodiment of the present
|
['H04L900' 'G06F1700' 'G06F2100']
|
summary
|
11,932,224
|
[summary] The present invention provides a kinematic pin for supporting a substrate carrier. The inventive kinematic pin comprises a pin body having an inclined surface adapted to slidably communicate with an inclined surface of a mating feature of a substrate carrier, and adapted to allow the mating feature to locate on and laterally align with the kinematic pin via the force of gravity. The pin body further has a shear, i.e, a member adapted to deter a lateral inertial load (e.g., arising from the substrate carrier) from urging the mating feature into misalignment with the kinematic pin. The invention further provides an inventive substrate carrier comprising a substrate carrier body adapted to support a substrate and having a bottom surface. One or more features are located on the bottom surface of the substrate carrier body and are adapted to interface with a kinematic pin so as to align the substrate carrier on the kinematic pin. A shear member interface is located within the one or more features on the bottom surface of the substrate carrier. The shear member interface has generally vertical sides and is adapted to interface with a shear member of a kinematic pin, so as to deter lateral motion of the substrate carrier relative to the kinematic pin. An inventive method of deterring lateral movement of a substrate carrier comprises providing a kinematic pin for supporting a substrate carrier, the kinematic pin having an inclined surface and a shear member extending from the inclined surface; placing a substrate carrier having a feature adapted to mate with the kinematic pin, in contact with the kinematic pin such that the kinematic pin contacts the substrate carrier's mating feature; aligning the substrate carrier on the kinematic pin via the inclined surface; and deterring lateral movement of the aligned substrate carrier via the shear member. An inventive substrate carrier handler is also provided. The inventive substrate carrier handler comprises a surface for supporting a substrate carrier, and one or more kinematic pins located on the surface for supporting a substrate carrier. Each kinematic pin has an inclined surface for aligning the substrate carrier and a shear member located on the inclined surface for deterring lateral movement of the substrate carrier relative to the one or more kinematic pins. A controller is adapted to cause the substrate carrier handler to accelerate the surface for supporting a substrate carrier, so as to generate a lateral inertial load between the one or more kinematic pins, and a substrate carrier supported thereon. Once a substrate carrier is precisely aligned on the kinematic pins, lateral forces and twisting forces, if present with sufficient magnitude, may tend to dislodge the substrate carrier from the kinematic pins, potentially causing damage to the substrate, substrate carrier, or other equipment. The inventive kinematic pins, substrate carriers, and kinematic pin/substrate carrier handler systems are adapted to deter such dislodgment and thus are advantageously employed when significant substrate carrier accelerations are required. Other features and aspects of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.
|
['H01L2167' 'G06F1900']
|
summary
|
12,311,357
|
[claim] 1. A fused load interrupter, comprising: three connections, each for one busbar, the connections being in the form of plug contacts. 2. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plug contacts comprise two plug pins. 3. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component including three connecting lugs with holes which allow the fused load interrupter base components to be screwed to busbars; and an adapter part, on which the plug contacts are formed, screwed to each of the connecting lugs. 4. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component including three connecting lugs with holes which allow the fused load interrupter base component to be screwed to busbars, the fused load interrupter including an adapter parts, on which three plug contacts are formed, screwed to the connecting lugs. 5. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component with a protective housing from which only the plug contacts project on a connecting face. 6. A switchgear assembly comprising: three vertically running busbars, plug contacts being useable to plug switches onto at least one of the busbars; and a fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 1, plugged onto at least one of the busbars. 7. An adapter part for a fused load interrupter, comprising: a first end, screw to connecting lugs on the fused load interrupter, and a second end, on which a plug contact is formed. 8. The adapter part as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: a U-shaped base body, one limb of the U-shared base body having a hole for a screw to pass through, and another limb including a plug contact being formed therein. 9. The adapter part as claimed in claim 7, wherein the adapter part is produced from copper. 10. A superordinate adapter part comprising: a plastic housing, in which three adapter parts as claimed in claim 7 are held. 11. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plug contacts comprise four plug pins. 12. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 11, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component including three connecting lugs with holes which allow the fused load interrupter base components to be screwed to busbars; and an adapter part, on which the plug contacts are formed, screwed to each of the connecting lugs. 13. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component including three connecting lugs with holes which allow the fused load interrupter base components to be screwed to busbars; and an adapter part, on which the plug contacts are formed, screwed to each of the connecting lugs. 14. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component including three connecting lugs with holes which allow the fused load interrupter base component to be screwed to busbars, the fused load interrupter including an adapter part, on which three plug contacts are formed, screwed to the connecting lugs. 15. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 11, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component including three connecting lugs with holes which allow the fused load interrupter base component to be screwed to busbars, the fused load interrupter including an adapter part, on which three plug contacts are formed, screwed to the connecting lugs. 16. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component with a protective housing from which only the plug contacts project on a connecting face. 17. The fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 11, further comprising: a fused load interrupter base component with a protective housing from which only the plug contacts project on a connecting face. 18. A switchgear assembly, comprising: three vertically running busbars, plug contacts being useable to plug switches onto at least one of the busbars; and a fused load interrupter as claimed in claim 2, plugged onto at least one of the busbars. 19. The adapter part as claimed in claim 8, wherein the adapter part is produced from copper. 20. A superordinate adapter part comprising: a plastic housing, in which three adapter parts as claimed in claim 8 are held. 21. A superordinate adapter part comprising: a plastic housing, in which three adapter parts as claimed in claim 9 are held.
|
['H01H8500' 'H01R2400']
|
claim
|
10,542,454
|
Digitally active 3-d object creation system [SEP] [abstract] A three dimensional object creation system that prints objects layer by layer, the system including a plurality of printheads (102), the system printing at least part of each of multiple layers (110, 114, 118 etc) simultaneously.
|
['B41J201']
|
abstract
|
11,666,026
|
[claim] 1. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and inorganic particles dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin being melt-moldable, wherein nd and vd of the thermoplastic resin composition satisfy Formula (1), provided that nd represents a refractive index measured at a wavelength of 588 nm and vd represents an Abbe's number: nd>1.82−0.0042vd Formula (1) 2. The thermoplastic resin composition of claim 1, wherein the Abbe's number vd is 40 to 70. 3. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin having a refractive index n0 measured at a wavelength of 588 nm and inorganic particles dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin being melt-moldable, wherein f, nd and vd of the thermoplastic resin composition further satisfy Formulas (2) and (3), provided that f represents a volume fraction of the inorganic particles based on the volume of the thermoplastic resin composition, nd represents a refractive index measured at a wavelength of 588 nm and vd represents an Abbe's number: nd≧n0+0.3f Formula (2) vd≧50 Formula (3) 4. The thermoplastic resin composition of claim 3, wherein f is not more than 0.3. 5. The thermoplastic resin composition of claim 3, wherein nd measured at a wavelength of 588 nm is not less than 1.6. 6. The thermoplastic resin composition of claim 1, wherein the inorganic particles comprise at least aluminum nitride. 7. A thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and inorganic particles dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin being melt-moldable, wherein, the inorganic particles comprise at least a metal nitride. 8. The thermoplastic resin composition of claim 7, wherein the metal nitride is aluminum nitride. 9. An optical element formed by molding the thermoplastic resin composition of claim 1, wherein a mean light transmittance measured at a wavelength of 588 nm per a light path length of 3 mm is not less than 70%. 10. The thermoplastic resin composition of claim 3, wherein the inorganic particles comprise at least aluminum nitride. 11. An optical element formed by molding the thermoplastic resin composition of claim 3, wherein a mean light transmittance measured at a wavelength of 588 nm per a light path length of 3 mm is not less than 70%. 12. An optical element formed by molding the thermoplastic resin composition of claim 7, wherein a mean light transmittance measured at a wavelength of 588 nm per a light path length of 3 mm is not less than 70%.
|
['C08L10100' 'C08K300' 'G02B104']
|
claim
|
11,945,210
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates generally to methods, systems and apparatus for managing digital communications systems. More specifically, this invention relates to estimating the configuration of a group of channels or lines in a communication system such as a DSL system. 2. Description of Related Art Digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies provide potentially large bandwidth for digital communication over existing telephone subscriber lines (referred to as loops and/or the copper plant). Telephone subscriber lines can provide this bandwidth despite their original design for only voice-band analog communication. In particular, asymmetric DSL (ADSL) can adjust to the characteristics of the subscriber line by using a discrete multitone (DMT) line code that assigns a number of bits to each tone (or sub-carrier), which can be adjusted to channel conditions as determined during training and initialization of the modems (typically transceivers that function as both transmitters and receivers) at each end of the subscriber line. “xDSL” and “DSL” are terms for used to generally refer to digital subscriber line equipment and services, including packet-based architectures, such as ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, SHDSL, IDSL VDSL and RADSL. DSL technologies can provide extremely high bandwidth over embedded twisted pair, copper cable plant. DSL technologies offer great potential for bandwidth-intensive applications. ADSL or asymmetric digital subscriber line services generally use existing unshielded twisted pair copper wires from a telephone company's central office (CO) to a subscriber's premise. ADSL modems at both the CO and remote locations send high-speed digital signals over the copper wires and may be capable of providing a downstream bandwidth of about 1.5 Mbps-6.144 Mbps (8 Mbps in ADSL1 and used in Japan and China already), and an upstream bandwidth of about 32 Kbps-640 Kbps with loop distances ranging to 5.5 km. HDSL or high bit rate DSL provides a symmetric, high-performance connection over a shorter loop, typically requires two or three copper twisted pairs, and is capable of providing both upstream and downstream bandwidth of about 1.5 Mbps over loop distances of up to about 3.7 km. SDSL or single line DSL provides a symmetric connection that matches HDSL data rates using a single twisted pair, but operates over a shorter loop of up to about 3.0 km. VDSL or very high bit rate DSL typically is implemented in asymmetric form, as a very high speed variation of ADSL over a very short loop. Specifically, target downstream performance is typically about 52 Mbps over local loops of 300 m, 26 Mbps at 1,000 in, and 13 Mbps at 1,500 in. Upstream data rates in asymmetric implementations tend to range from about 1.6 Mbps to about 2.3 Mbps. VDSL also offers symmetric data rates of typically 10-25 Mbps. Newer versions of VDSL known as VDSL2 promise symmetric data rates of 100 Mbps and downstream rates to 150 Mbps in asymmetric configurations. Additionally, there are a small number of nonstandard RADSLs or rate adaptive asymmetric DSLS, which, like ADSL, provide a dynamic data rate that adapts to the length and quality of the line (and used a line transmission method that is now nearly defunct in DSL called QAM or CAP). These versions of DSL utilize a packet-based approach that does away with the line-grabbing practice of circuit switched networks. This packet-based approach works well in a variety of situations. DSL services are much more dependent on line conditions (for example, the length, quality and environment of the copper loop) than traditional telephone services, which typically use a bandwidth including frequencies up to about 4 kilohertz compared to DSL services which utilize a bandwidth including frequencies sometimes over 1 MHz. While some local loops are in great condition for implementing DSL (for example, having short to moderate lengths with minimal bridged taps and splices) many local loops are not as suitable. For example, local loop length varies widely. Moreover, the wire gauge for a local loop may not be consistent over the length of the loop, having two or more different gauges spliced together. Still further, many existing local loops have one or more bridged taps (a length of wire pair that is connected to a loop at one end and is unconnected or poorly terminated at the other end). This type of line information (for example, wire gauge information, bridged-tap information, segment information and load coil information) is important to the evaluation of DSL systems and configurations. Another important class of line conditions is the noise measured on the line, which can be caused by radiation from other DSLs (“crosstalk”), radio ingress of AM or amateur radio stations, thermal noises in the line or receiver analog components, various appliances at the home, electronic equipment in the loop plant or at the central office. These types of noises can vary from time to time and be relatively stationary, impulsive or a combination of both. This type of information also can be important for the evaluation of DSL systems and configurations. The different conditions and configurations of these loops, including how they are arranged and operated within bundles or binders from the telephone company CO and other locations, mean that every group of DSL loops is different and thus behave differently. Information may exist about individual lines, or can be determined using earlier techniques (for example, evaluation using voice-band measurement and loop-qualification methods). However, this information fails to take into account the interaction among lines (active and inactive), including interactions such as crosstalk (that is, unwanted interference and/or signal noise passed between adjacent lines that occurs due to coupling between wire pairs when wire pairs in the same or a nearby bundle are used for separate signal transmission). Moreover, the accuracy of some of this information is questionable; it has been found that line quality varies widely, even among lines in the same group. Further, voice-band measurements do not always accurately reflect the DSL environment of loops. Therefore, techniques that evaluate a single line in each binder or other group, for example, and then extrapolate that information to all other lines in such
|
['G06F1312']
|
background
|
12,565,005
|
[description] Overview Existing longest-prefix-match lookup engines can only handle addresses of relatively small fixed lengths. Embodiments of the present invention involve adapting existing longest-prefix-match lookup engines to longer, variable-length packet identifiers. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention involve hashing long variable-length packet identifiers into multiple short keys usable with existing lookup engines, thereby facilitating fast forwarding in content-centric networks by using existing hardware building blocks. Embodiments of the present invention can enable forwarding of packets with HSVLIs in an IP (Internet Protocol) router, which uses longest-prefix-match lookup engines with fixed-length addresses such as Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) addresses. Content centric networks bring a new approach to content transport. Instead of having network traffic viewed at the application level as end-to-end conversations over which content travels, content is requested or returned based in part on the name given to it, and the network is responsible for routing content from the provider to the consumer. Content includes data that can be transported in the communication system, including any form of data such as text, images, video, and/or audio. A consumer and a provider can be a person at a computer or an automated process inside or outside the network. In such a network, a piece of content can refer to the entire content or a respective portion of the content. For example, a newspaper article might be represented by multiple pieces of content embodied as data packets. A piece of content can also be associated with metadata describing or augmenting the piece of content with information such as authentication data, creation date, content owner, etc. In content-centric networks, unlike a conventional IP network, a packet may be identified by an HSVLI, which can be structured or unstructured. For example, “abcd/bob/papers/ccn/news” could be the name of the content and identifies the corresponding packet(s) i.e., the “news” article from the “ccn” collection of papers for a user named “Bob” at the organization named “ABCD.” To request a piece of content, a node registers (e.g., broadcasts) an interest in that content by the content's name. An interest in a piece of content can be a query for the content according to the content's name or identifier. The content, if available in the network, is routed back to it from any node that stores the content. The routing infrastructure intelligently propagates the interest to the prospective nodes that are likely to have the information and then carries available content back along the path which the interest traversed. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary architecture of a network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this example, a network 180 comprises nodes 100-145. Each node in the network is coupled to one or more other nodes. Network connection 185 is an example of such a connection. The network connection is shown as a solid line, but each line could also represent sub-networks or super-networks which can couple one node to another node. Network 180 can be a local network, a super-network or a sub-network. Each of these networks can be interconnected so that a node in one network can reach a node in other networks. The network connection can be broadband, wireless, telephonic, satellite, or any type of network connection. A node can be a computer system, an end-point representing users, and/or a device that can generate interests or originate content. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a consumer can generate an interest in a piece of content and then send that interest to a node in network 180. The piece of content can be stored at a node in network 180 by a publisher or content provider, who can be located inside or outside the network. For example, in FIG. 1, the interest in a piece of content originates at node 105. If the content is not available at the node, the interest flows to one or more nodes coupled to the first node. For example, in FIG. 1, the interest flows (interest flow 150) to node 115, which does not have the content available. Next, the interest flows (interest flow 155) from node 105 to node 125, which again does not have the content. The interest then flows (interest flow 160) to node 130, which does have the content available. The flow of the content then retraces its path (content flows 165, 170, and 175) until it reaches node 105, where the content is delivered. Other processes such as authentication can be involved in the flow of content. In network 180, any number of intermediate nodes (nodes 100-145) in the path between a content holder (node 130) and the interest generation node (node 105) can participate in caching local copies of the content as it travels across the network. Caching reduces the network load for a second subscriber located in proximity to other subscribers by implicitly sharing access to the locally cached content Forwarding Packets with HSVLIs Conventional packet forwarding is based on addresses assigned to nodes (or interfaces of nodes). In IP addressing, a hierarchical division of addresses is used so that the first portion of an address identifies a network, later portions identify a sub-network within that network, and the end of the address identifies a particular host within a sub-network. This arrangement allows the responsibility for assigning unique addresses to be delegated and thereby distributed so that the Internet can scale to worldwide size. It also enables scaling by limiting the amount of information an IP router needs to process when forwarding a packet to an output port. In one embodiment, a packet is identified by an
|
['H04L1256']
|
detailed_description
|
11,138,370
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a lawn cutting device, more particularly to a lawn cutting device with a protecting member capable of preventing foreign substances, such as cut weeds and dirt, from entering a driving member. 2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional lawn cutting device that includes a handle with a connecting part 11 defining a bottom recess 111 , a driving member 12 with an output shaft 121 extending through the bottom recess 111 , a blade-mounting seat 15 extending into the bottom recess 111 and secured to the output shaft 121 , a blade member 13 mounted on the blade-mounting seat 15 , and a protecting shield 14 extending from the connecting part 11 to surround a portion of the blade member 13 . The conventional lawn cutting device is disadvantageous in that foreign substances, such as cut weeds and dirt, tend to enter the bottom recess 111 in the connecting part 11 of the handle, which may cause problems, such as undesired shutdown during operation due to clogging of the cut weeds and dirt in a clearance surrounding the output shaft 121 , frequent cleaning and maintenance, and even damage to the driving member 12 , thereby reducing the service life of the lawn cutting device.
|
['B26B2900']
|
background
|
12,582,568
|
[description] The present invention is directed towards a weight selecting pop-pin device and methods to use the same in a pin selected weight-training device. Weight Selecting Pop-pins FIG. 1 shows an assembled pop-pin 530 according to various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the pop-pin can include a shaft 100 that includes first end 102 and a second end 108. In some embodiments, shaft 100 can include a first shaft 103 and a second shaft 110 attached to one another. First shaft 103 can include first end 102 and second shaft 110 can include second end 108. Accordingly, first shaft 103 can include a third end 104 that abuts a fourth end 105 of second shaft 110 when first shaft 103 and second shaft 110 are connected to form shaft 100. The junction of third end 104 and fourth end 105 can define a joint having a shoulder 106. When connected, the interface of third end 104 and fourth end 105 can define a joint or connection having a shoulder 106. Shoulder 106 can have a dimension defined by the difference between the diameters of the first shaft 103 and second shaft 110. In FIG. 1, the dimension of shoulder 106 is the difference between diameters 103D and 110D, where diameter 103D is the diameter of first shaft 103 and diameter 110D is the diameter of second shaft 110. A spring 120 can be dimensioned to fit around the second shaft 110 and be captured by shoulder 106 and handle 150. In use, washer 140 can be used to compress spring 120 against handle 150 until washer 140 engages trigger catch point 130. Trigger catch point 130 can be dimensioned and shaped to hold washer 140 in an unstable equilibrium position between trigger catch point 130 and compressed spring 120. The unstable equilibrium can be disturbed by applying a shock or other vibration to the pop-pin 530. When the unstable equilibrium is disturbed, washer 140 can be released from catch point 130 and biased against the end of shoulder 106 or some other object into which the pop-pin 530 can be inserted. For example, the pop-pin 530 can be set to the unstable equilibrium point at catch point 130 and inserted into the channel 560 of a weight plate 60 and a corresponding channel 515A in a vertical guide bar 510 of a weight-training machine shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b. Use of the pop-pin 530 will be discussed in more detail below. The first shaft 103 can be any shape or size compatible with a desired weight plate or weight-plate stack. For example, most weight-training machines have round holes with cylindrical channels in the weight plates and the vertical bar. In such cases, it would be beneficial for the first shaft 103 to be an appropriately sized cylinder so that first end 102 of the first shaft 103 can be easily inserted into the channels of the weight plates and the vertical bar. In other embodiments, the diameter of the first shaft 103 can be smaller than the diameter of the channel in the weight plates and the vertical bar to allow for a loose fit. In some embodiments, the diameter 103D of the first cylindrical shaft can be approximately 9 mm. The first shaft 103 and the second shaft 110 can be solid or hollow. In other embodiments, the first shaft 103 and second shaft 110 can be of any shape of solid or hollow prisms compatible with the channels in the weight plates and the vertical bar with which pop-pin 530 is intended to be used. For example, the first shaft 103 and second shaft 110 can be rectangular, oval, triangular or any other shape prism. Examples of possible cross-sectional shaft shapes are shown in FIG. 4a. As shown, the shafts of pop-pin 530 can have triangular cross-section 410, oval cross-section 420, hexagonal cross-section 430, rectangular 440, octagonal cross-section 450, pentagonal cross-section 560 or any other suitable cross-section. The first shaft 103 and second shaft 110 can be made of any material suitable for supporting the weight in a stack of weight plates in a weight-training machine. For example the first shaft 103 and the second shaft 110 can be metal, ceramic, fiber reinforced plastics or resins or any other appropriate material suitable for weight-bearing needs of the shaft. First shaft 103 and second shaft 110 can comprise any number of materials. Spring 120 can be a compression spring with a sufficient spring stiffness coefficient, k, sufficient to exert some force, FΔ, when compressed from its retention position, or retention catch point, adjacent to third end 104 of first shaft 103 to the unstable equilibrium position at trigger catch point 130. This distance of spring compression can be described as Δ, where Δ is defined as the distance between position X1 and X2, such that the force can be approximated, at least to the first order, as, FΔ=−kΔ. Since FΔ varies linearly with Δ and k, either the distance between the trigger catch point and retention catch point or the spring constant k can be varied to produce sufficient force to eject pop-pin 530 from a channel into which it is inserted when spring 120 is released from an unstable equilibrium point at catch point 130. Spring 120 can be any suitable compression spring including, but not limited to, a coil compression spring or compressible rubber or polymer material with a similar stiffness spring constant or resistive compression characteristic. Trigger catch point 130 can be any suitable extension extending from the shaft 100, first shaft 103 or second shaft 110. In some embodiments, trigger catch point 130 can be a screw. For example, the screw can be threaded into an appropriately threaded hole so that it extends from the exterior surface of shaft 100. In other embodiments, trigger catch point 130 can be a peg soldered or welded onto or into the second shaft 100. In alternative embodiments, trigger catch point 130 may be machined from
|
['F16D100']
|
detailed_description
|
12,553,148
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a dart for use in the game of darts, a sport in which arrow-like projectiles called darts are thrown at a target called a dartboard that is mounted on a wall or the like so that players can compete for the highest score. 2. Description of the Related Art A dart is constructed by connecting component parts including, in order from the front, a pointed tip, a barrel, a shaft, and a flight. The tip at the front end is the part which hits the target. In the case of a hard dart, the tip is made of metal. In the case of a soft dart, the tip is made of plastic. The barrel serves as the body of the dart. When a player throws a dart, the player usually holds the barrel. The shaft, being the part to which the flight is attached, has a large effect on the stability of the dart while in flight. Examples of conventional darts include darts disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Registration Application No. 3118732, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-093153, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-142399. In a conventional dart, the shaft and the flight are connected to each other by inserting the blades of the flight in slits formed in the shaft. This being the case, the slits are formed in the shaft in a cruciform arrangement as viewed in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction, the four blades of the flight being spaced at angular intervals of 90° about the axis so as to impart the dart with a cruciform profile as viewed in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction. The shaft and the flight are formed using polypropylene (PP) or the like as the material. Since the thickness of the blades of the flight is very thin, being about 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, the blades might for example be manufactured from four sheets of plastic film that each form one side of a pair of facing surfaces of neighboring blades. Because the conventional dart described above is manufactured by a method in which the front end of the flight is inserted into slits in the shaft, a stepped region is inevitably formed at the boundary region where the shaft and the flight are mutually connected. Generally, in a darts game, there is a case that, in a state where a dart thrown first hits the dartboard, the next dart is thrown and, sometimes, the next dart hits the dart already stuck in the dartboard. In a case where a front end of the tip hits the stepped region in the boundary between the shaft and the flight, a large stress is applied to both of the darts by the collision. When such a collision is repeated, the darts may be broken due to fatigue. In particular, because the portion at the boundary between the shaft and the flight is made narrow by presence of the four slits in the shaft, this portion is easily broken. This is particularly true in the case of a hard dart, which might have a tip made of steel or other metal. In the event that a dart already stuck in the dartboard is hit from behind by such a dart, a very large stress will be applied to the stepped region in the boundary between the shaft and the flight, and there is the possibility that the dart will be broken easily. When a dart is broken due to collision as described above, this will of course negatively impact the player involved from an economic viewpoint.
|
['A63B6502']
|
background
|
12,196,503
|
SPA SPEAKER LIGHT [SEP] [abstract] A spa speaker mounting and illumination receptacle includes a light transmitting circular flange and a circular light transmitting sidewall perpendicularly disposed to and supporting the flange, the sidewall including at least a first lamp receptacle and at least a first tapered portion, the first lamp receptacle being disposed to direct illumination from a lamp disposed therein into said first tapered portion, the first tapered portion being tapered to enhance the uniformity of distribution of illumination around the flange.
|
['F21V3300' 'F21V300']
|
abstract
|
11,212,371
|
Apparatus, system, and method for scanning segmentation [SEP] [abstract] An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for identifying content within a scanned document. The apparatus includes a modification module, an identification module, and a segmentation module. The modification module creates a modified content data set through application of a sigmoid function to a scanned content data set. The identification module identifies a content segment within the modified content data set. The segmentation module identifies a content segment type of the content segment. Exemplary content segment types include text, line art, and images.
|
['G06K934']
|
abstract
|
11,653,897
|
[summary] However, in the above image processing apparatus of the related art, when the motion vector is generated, the accumulated values of all pixel positions in the macroblock are generated with respect to all candidate motion vectors, therefore, the computing amount becomes huge and processing burden caused by the generation of motion vectors is increased, as a result, there are problems such that real-time realization is difficult and fast transform processing is difficult. In addition, in the image processing apparatus of the related art, there is a problem that, when the computing amount is reduced by merely simplifying the computing caused by the generation of the motion vector, it is difficult to obtain sufficient encoding efficiency. In an image processing apparatus in which encoded picture data is received, encoding is performed again in another method and the encoded data is outputted, a part of the encoded picture data is decoded, thereby abstracting a motion vector in the encoded data, and the computing caused by the generation of the motion vector can be saved by using the information. However, even in this case, when encoding methods of encoded data are different in the input side and the output side, kinds of available modes of motion compensation and the like are sometimes different. In the case that there are more kinds of modes and precise motion compensation is possible in the encoding method at the output side where re-encoding is performed, for example, if the motion vector of the inputted encoded data is used as it is, the benefit thereof is not utilized and there arises the problem that sufficient encoding efficiency is difficult to be obtained. In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an encoding apparatus, an encoding method and a program thereof capable of generating a motion vector with a smaller computing amount as compared to related arts. According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided an encoding apparatus which encodes picture data obtained by decoding the encoded data includes a decision means for deciding, based on a motion vector of the encoded data obtained by decoding, whether a motion vector is generated or not in the encoding of the picture data, a motion vector generating means for generating a motion vector based on the picture data provided that the decision means decides to generate the motion vector, and a motion prediction/compensation means for generating prediction picture data using the motion vector generated by the motion vector generating means when the decision means decides to calculate the motion vector, and generating the prediction picture data using the motion vector obtained by decoding when the decision means decides not to calculate the motion vector. According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided an encoding method which encodes picture data obtained by decoding the encoded data includes a decision step of deciding, based on a motion vector of the encoded data obtained by decoding, whether a motion vector is generated or not in the encoding of the picture data, a motion vector generating step of generating a motion vector based on the picture data provided that the decision step decides to generate the motion vector, and a motion prediction/compensation step of generating prediction picture data using the motion vector generated by the motion vector generating means when the decision step decides to calculate the motion vector, and generating the prediction picture data using the motion vector obtained by decoding when the decision means decides not to calculate the motion vector. According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a program executed by a computer, which encodes picture data obtained by decoding the encoded data, allowing the computer to execute a decision procedure of deciding, based on a motion vector of the encoded data obtained by decoding, whether a motion vector is generated or not in the encoding of the picture data, a motion vector generating procedure of generating a motion vector based on the picture data provided that the decision procedure decides to generate the motion vector, and a motion prediction/compensation procedure of generating prediction picture data using the motion vector generated by the motion vector generating means when the decision procedure decides to calculate the motion vector, and generating the prediction picture data using the motion vector obtained by decoding when the decision procedure decides not to calculate the motion vector. According to an embodiment of the invention, it is possible to provide an encoding apparatus, an encoding method and a program thereof capable of generating a motion vector with the smaller computing amount as compared to related arts. BRFSUM description="Brief Summary" end="tail"?
|
['H04N1102']
|
summary
|
12,059,280
|
[claim] 1. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including a first region formed of a plurality of paralleled semiconductor layer portions extending linearly in a first direction and a second region formed of two adjacent ones of said semiconductor layer portions connected in a second direction, the method comprising: forming a first hard mask on an etching target member; forming on said first hard mask a second hard mask having paralleled portions extending straight in said first direction at plural locations; executing ion implantation into said second hard mask in said second region while protecting said first region from said ion implantation with a mask, thereby reforming said second region for changing an etching rate for wet etching in said second region from that in said first region; etching said first hard mask with a mask of said second hard mask; removing said second hard mask from said first region selectively by wet etching while leaving said second hard mask in said second region; forming sidewall films on sidewalls of said first hard mask; etching off said first hard mask selectively to remove a portion thereof having an upper part not covered with said second hard mask but exposed in said first region; and etching off said etching target member with a mask of said sidewall films and said first hard mask. 2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein said sidewall films are also formed on sidewalls of said second hard mask. 3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the step of executing ion implantation includes, after pattering said second hard mask, forming a mask in said first region other than said second region. 4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein said first region and said second region are formed so as to configure an H-shaped form with said first region and said second region. 5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein said first region and said second region are formed so as to configure a closed-loop form with said first region and said second region. 6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein said first hard mask is composed of TEOS. 7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, further comprising forming said second hard mask with a line width of the minimum line width and a space width of said minimum line width, and then slimming said line width of said second hard mask. 8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, further comprising forming said second hard mask with a line width of ½ of the minimum line width and a space width of 3/2 of said minimum line width. 9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein said second hard mask is composed of amorphous silicon or polysilicon. 10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein said sidewall films are formed with a line width of ½ of the minimum line width. 11. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein said sidewall films are composed of amorphous silicon or silicon oxide. 12. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein ions for use in said ion implantation are of any one of boron, phosphorous, arsenic and boron difluoride. 13. A semiconductor device, comprising: a semiconductor layer including a plurality of paralleled linear straight sections extending in a first direction and a plurality of connecting sections each having a width in said first direction sufficient to form a wire-connectable contact therein and arranged to connect between adjacent ones of said straight sections in a second direction, wherein said connecting sections have respective ends formed aligned with a first straight line parallel to said second direction. 14. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein said straight sections are formed as derived from linear sidewall films formed along sidewalls of paralleled hard masks. 15. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein said straight sections and said connecting section are formed so as to configure an H-shaped form with said straight sections and said connecting section. 16. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein said straight sections and said connecting section are formed so as to configure a closed-loop form with said straight sections and said connecting section. 17. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein said straight sections are formed with a line width of ½ of the minimum line width. 18. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, wherein said connecting sections are formed with a line width of 3/2 of the minimum line width.
|
['H01L21308' 'H01L2352']
|
claim
|
12,337,658
|
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER WITH IMPROVED INPUT OVERLOAD RECOVERY [SEP] [abstract] An aspect of the present invention avoids an amplifier of an analog to digital converter (ADC) from entering a saturation region. In an embodiment, a sample of an input signal to an ADC is compared with the upper and lower full-scale levels of the ADC. If input overload is detected, inputs to amplifiers in an input stage of the ADC are forced to zero for the duration of the input overload, and are thus prevented from going into saturation. Input overload conditions are signaled directly to an output digital block of the ADC, which provides output digital codes equivalent to either the upper or the lower full scale level depending on whether the input overload is signaled as exceeding the upper level or the lower level. Input overload recovery time of the ADC may thus be minimized.
|
['H03M106' 'H03M112']
|
abstract
|
12,392,859
|
[summary] According to one aspect of the present invention, a container holding member to hold a container includes a basket-shaped mesh body which has a closed-end. The basket-shaped mesh body is formed by weaving a plurality of strands to be arranged diagonally with respect to a central axis of the mesh body. Each of the strands includes a plurality of carbon fibers. A matrix is filled in interstices between the plurality of carbon fibers. According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing a container holding member includes weaving a plurality of strands to be arranged diagonally to form a mesh body including a cylindrical body portion with a central axis and a closed-end. Each of the strands includes a plurality of carbon fibers. The mesh body is impregnated with a matrix precursor. The mesh body impregnated with the matrix precursor is heated to be cured. The cured mesh body is carbonized.
|
['B32B102' 'B05D312']
|
summary
|
11,561,790
|
AIR GAP FOR TUNGSTEN/ALUMINUM PLUG APPLICATIONS [SEP] [abstract] An air gap structure substantially reduces undesired capacitance between adjacent interconnects, metal lines or other features in an integrated circuit device. The air gap extends above, and may also additionally extend below, the interconnects desired to be isolated thus minimizing fringing fields between the lines. The integrated air gap structure can be utilized in conjunction with a tungsten plug process. Also, multiple levels of the integrated air gap structure can be fabricated to accommodate multiple metal levels while always ensuring that physical dielectric layer support is provided to the device structure underlying the interconnects.
|
['H02H900']
|
abstract
|
12,068,322
|
[claim] 1. An abnormality diagnostic device for an air-fuel ratio sensor that detects an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, comprising: an identification unit that models a system extending from a fuel injection valve to the air-fuel ratio sensor by using a first order response delay element, and that identifies a parameter of the first order response delay element based on an input air-fuel ratio given to the air-fuel ratio sensor which occurs when the input air-fuel ratio is relatively sharply changed in accordance with an engine operation requirement, and an output of the air-fuel ratio sensor that changes in response to a change in the input air-fuel ratio; and an abnormal determination unit that determines an abnormality of a predetermined characteristic of the air-fuel ratio sensor based on the parameter identified by the identification unit. 2. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the abnormal determination unit determines the abnormalities of at least two of characteristics of the air-fuel ratio sensor based on at least two parameters identified by the identification unit. 3. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 2, wherein the at least two parameters are a time constant and a gain, and the at least two of the characteristics of the air-fuel ratio sensor are response rate and output. 4. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein a fuel-cut is started in accordance with a deceleration requirement when the input air-fuel ratio relatively sharply changes in accordance with the engine operation requirement. 5. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 4, wherein the input is made up of an inverse number of the input air-fuel ratio. 6. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the output is made up of an electric current value that is output by the air-fuel ratio sensor. 7. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 1, further comprising: a waste time correction unit that calculates a waste time from the input to the output, and that shift-corrects at least one of the input and the output by an amount of the waste time. 8. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 7, wherein the waste time correction unit calculates the waste time in accordance with a predetermined map or function based on at least one parameter regarding an operation state of the internal combustion engine. 9. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 7, wherein the waste time correction unit calculates the waste time in accordance with the predetermined map based on the at least one parameter regarding the operation state of the internal combustion engine, and measures an actual waste time by measuring an actual time difference between the input and the output, and updates data of the map by using the actual waste time when a deviation amount between the calculated waste time and the actual waste time is greater than a predetermined value. 10. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 1, further comprising: a bias correction unit that shift-corrects at least one of the input and the output so as to remove a bias between the input and the output. 11. The abnormality diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the identification unit recursively identifies the parameter by a recursive least square method. 12. An abnormality diagnostic method for an air-fuel ratio sensor that detects an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, comprising: modeling a system extending from a fuel injection valve to the air-fuel ratio sensor by using a first order response delay element; identifying a parameter of the first order response delay element based on an input air-fuel ratio given to the air-fuel ratio sensor which occurs when the input air-fuel ratio is relatively sharply changed in accordance with an engine operation requirement, and an output of the air-fuel ratio sensor that changes in response to a change in the input air-fuel ratio; and determining an abnormality of a predetermined characteristic of the air-fuel ratio sensor based on the identified parameter. 13. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 12, wherein the abnormalities of at least two of characteristics of the air-fuel ratio sensor are determined based on at least two identified parameters. 14. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 13, wherein the at least two parameters are a time constant and a gain, and the at least two of the characteristics of the air-fuel ratio sensor are response rate and output. 15. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 12, wherein a fuel-cut is started in accordance with a deceleration requirement when the input air-fuel ratio relatively sharply changes in accordance with the engine operation requirement. 16. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 15, wherein the input is made up of an inverse number of the input air-fuel ratio. 17. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 12, wherein the output is made up of an electric current value that is output by the air-fuel ratio sensor. 18. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 12, further comprising: calculating a waste time from the input to the output; and shift-correcting at least one of the input and the output by an amount of the waste time. 19. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 18, wherein the waste time is calculated in accordance with a predetermined map or function based on at least one parameter regarding an operation state of the internal combustion engine. 20. The abnormality diagnostic method according to claim 18, further comprising: calculating the waste time in accordance with the predetermined map based on the at least one parameter regarding the operation state of the internal combustion engine; measuring an actual waste time by measuring an actual time difference between the input and the output; and updating data of the map by using the actual waste time when a deviation amount between the calculated waste time and the actual waste time is greater than a predetermined value. 21. The abnormality diagnostic method according to
|
['F02D4104' 'F02D3500' 'G01M1510']
|
claim
|
12,142,946
|
[invention] In real-world settings, the range of light can be vast. For example, the luminance ratio between starlight and sunlight may be greater than ten orders. Notwithstanding, common cameras may only enable capturing 8-bit, 256-luminance-level photographs. If such a camera captures a scene with high contrast, for example a scene including indoor and outdoor environment, the captured image will likely be underexposed or overexposed in some regions. Ways are known of addressing the above-described problem. For example, with the help of high dynamic range (HDR) cameras and some existing HDR imaging methods, HDR images with improved quality can be generated. However, generating a suitable display or print of the improved image presents further problems. For example, common liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are of only 8-bit contrast ratio, and printers have an even lower contrast ratio. Consequently, such devices are typically inadequate for showing the full quality of HDR images. One way to generate a high-quality HDR display is to buy high-quality HDR display equipment. However, such equipment is usually very expensive. Lower-cost solutions include tone mapping. Tone mapping is a process to convert the tonal values of an image with a high dynamic range to a lower one. Thus, tone mapping may be used to convert an HDR image to a low dynamic range (LDR) image visually suitable for common display monitors. Tone mapping has been researched for a period of time. There are two main categories: tone reproduction operator (TRO)-based; and tone reproduction curve (TRC)-based. The main difference between TRO-based techniques and TRC-based techniques is that TRC-based mapping uses a global operator, while TRO-based mapping uses a local one. More specifically, TRC-based mapping provides a reproduction curve for mapping HDR data to lower range values globally without any spatial processing. An advantage of TRC is that it can provide a tone-mapped image with the original characteristics of the HDR image. The brighter part of the image will be mapped to greater values and the dimmer part will be mapped to smaller values. However, local contrast may be lost due to the compression of the dynamic range. One conventional TRC technique calculates the real world radiance values of a scene instead of the display radiance values that will represent them. In contrast to TRC-based mapping, TRO-based mapping focuses on local details. It generates a tone-mapped image that preserves or even enhances the local contrast. Generally, TRO-based mapping provides more details in the tone-mapped image, but too many details can make the image look artificial. The loss of global contrast results makes it difficult to distinguish which part of the image is originally bright and which part is originally dim. Another disadvantage is that TRO-based mapping is computationally expensive, as it involves the spatial manipulation of local neighboring pixels. Conventional TRO-based techniques attempt to separate the luminance component from the reflectance component in the image formation model. Other conventional systems provide a tonal reproduction curve while at the same time considering the human visual system. As stated previously, TRC-based methods can retain the whole image's characteristics. However, the difference between the maximum and minimum values of common HDR images is extremely large and most of the time, the population deflects to one side as discussed further on with respect to FIG. 2 . Therefore, in the first step of many tone-mapping techniques, the logarithm of the luminance layer is taken, or the luminance layer is otherwise mapped, to compress the range between the extreme values. But consequently, the shape of the histogram will have changed (especially the population of the brighter part is greatly compressed) and the mapping values are no longer linear with respect to the original luminance values. In view of the above, there is a need for tone mapping capable of reproducing the appearance of an HDR image on common display devices in an efficient and inexpensive manner, and that avoids the above-described deficiencies of current designs for tone mapping. The above-described deficiencies are merely intended to provide an overview of some of the problems of today's designs, and are not intended to be exhaustive. For instance, other problems with the state of the art may become further apparent upon review of the following description of various non-limiting embodiments below.
|
['G06K940']
|
background
|
11,248,395
|
[summary] The present invention is directed generally to various materials, constructs, and methods used to alleviate numerous vertebral conditions and injuries. Depending on the needs of the particular patient, the present invention contemplates complete, substantial, or partial replacement of the intervertebral disc. According to some aspects of the invention, an intervertebral disc or intervertebral spacer provides cushioning and support between vertebrae. According to some other aspects of the invention, an injectable substance is used to fill at least partially the interior of an intervertebral disc. In such aspects, little or no disc needs to be removed prior to injection of the filler material. Instead, an incision is made in the disc to receiving a suitable filler material therethrough. The various intervertebral disc prostheses of the present invention may be used to replace all or a portion of an intervertebral disc that has degenerated due to traumatic injury, vertebral displacement, disease such as, for example, autoimmune disease or rheumatoid arthritis, or any other abnormal condition of the spinal column that may injure or shift the intervertebral disc, and to provide support to the vertebrae. Depending on degree of damage to the intervertebral disc, the location of the damage, and needs of the patient, the shape, size, type, and configuration of the prosthesis used may be selected to obtain the desired degree of flexibility, compressibility, and resilience needed to provide sufficient shock absorbance protection to the spinal cord. The various prostheses according to the present invention can be inserted relatively easily by the surgeon into the intervertebral space while minimizing trauma to the opposing surfaces of the vertebrae and to the bony processes. In one aspect, an intervertebral disc prosthesis comprises a body adapted to fit within an intervertebral space between adjacent vertebrae, wherein the body comprises a resilient biocompatible material. The resilient biocompatible material may be a dissected human or animal tissue, an inorganic polymer, an organic polymer, or any combination thereof. In another aspect, the present invention provides various biocompatible intervertebral disc prostheses that are resilient to compressive forces that may be adapted to fit within an intervertebral space and, when implanted in the spinal column of a patient, will maintain the separation between adjacent vertebrae, provide shock absorbent protection, and allow flexibility of the spinal column. The present invention further provides methods for the implantation of the intervertebral disc prosthesis of the present invention into the spinal column of a human or animal patient. In one aspect, a method of maintaining an intervertebral space between adjacent vertebrae comprises excising at least a portion of an intervertebral disc, thereby creating a receiving slot, and inserting into the receiving slot at least one intervertebral disc prosthesis comprising a resilient biocompatible material according to the present invention. If needed, a minimal portion of the bony process of a vertebra may be removed to create access to the damaged intervertebral disc. The present invention is also directed to an interior disc prosthesis. In one aspect, an interior disc prosthesis comprises a biocompatible, injectable material inserted into the interior of an intervertebral disc through an incision in an exterior of the intervertebral disc, wherein a minimal portion of the exterior of the disc is removed prior to insertion of the biocompatible, injectable material. Further, the present invention encompasses a filler material for an intervertebral disc. The filler material comprises a biocompatible material capable of being injected into an interior of an intervertebral disc through an incision in an exterior of the intervertebral disc. In yet another aspect, a method of maintaining an intervertebral space between adjacent vertebrae comprises making an incision in an intervertebral disc, the disc having an exterior and an interior, and injecting through the incision a biocompatible filler material. Various other aspects, objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon review of the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures, which are briefly described as follows.
|
['A61F244' 'A61F228']
|
summary
|
11,682,416
|
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THERMODYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS ON PETROLEUM FLUIDS [SEP] [abstract] Device for measuring thermodynamic characteristics of a fluid sample, comprising in combination: a high-pressure cell (6) equipped with a motorized piston, a drying oven surrounding the cell and intended to vary the cell temperature, motorization means arranged outside the drying oven, means for stirring the fluid placed within the cell, a frame supporting said oven and means (1) for tilting said frame so as to tip the cell up. The cell comprises:—a specific head for measurements on condensate gas wherein a chamber (42) of elongate shape along the axis of the cell is intended to collect the liquids, and—means (44) for visualizing the position of the liquid/gas interface.
|
['G01N2500']
|
abstract
|
11,960,372
|
SYSTEMS FOR AND METHODS OF CONTROLLING OPERATION OF A UPS [SEP] [abstract] A UPS includes an AC output, power factor control circuitry; and a DC bus coupled to the power factor control circuitry where the power factor control circuitry is configured to determine a difference in instantaneous power supplied to the AC output and to adjust a voltage of the DC bus based, at least partly, on the difference. In one embodiment, the UPS includes a single phase AC input. In another embodiment, the power factor control circuitry is configured to determine a cumulative difference in instantaneous power supplied to the AC output.
|
['H02J900']
|
abstract
|
11,436,988
|
[summary] The present invention provides a robotic surgical tool for use in a robotic surgical system to perform a surgical operation. Robotic surgical systems perform surgical operations with tools which are robotically operated by a surgeon. Such systems generally include master controllers and a robotic arm slave cart. The robotic arm slave cart is positioned adjacent to the patient's body and moves the tools to perform the surgery. The tools have shafts which extend into an internal surgical site within the patient body via minimally invasive access openings. The robotic arm slave cart is connected with master controllers which are grasped by the surgeon and manipulated in space while the surgeon views the procedure on a stereo display. The master controllers are manual input devices which preferably move with six degrees of freedom, and which often further have an actuatable handle for actuating the tools (for example, for closing grasping saws, applying an electrical potential to an electrode, or the like). Robotic surgery systems and methods are further described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/975,617, filed Nov. 21, 1997, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As described, robotic surgical tools comprise an elongated shaft having a surgical end effector disposed near the distal end of the shaft. As used herein, the terms “surgical instrument”, “instrument”, “surgical tool”, or “tool” refer to a member having a working end which carries one or more end effectors to be introduced into a surgical site in a cavity of a patient, and is actuatable from outside the cavity to manipulate the end effector(s) for effecting a desired treatment or medical function of a target tissue in the surgical site. The instrument or tool typically includes a shaft carrying the end effector(s) at a distal end, and is preferably servomechanically actuated by a telesurgical system for performing functions such as holding or driving a needle, grasping a blood vessel, and dissecting tissue. In addition, as used herein, “end effector” refers to the actual working part that is manipulable for effecting a predetermined treatment of a target tissue. For instance, some end effectors have a single working member such as a scalpel, a blade, or an electrode. Other end effectors have a pair or plurality of working members such as forceps, graspers, scissors, or clip appliers, for example. In a first aspect of the present invention, the robotic surgical tool includes a wrist mechanism disposed near the distal end of the shaft which connects with the end effector. The wrist mechanism includes a distal member, configured to support the end effector, and a plurality of rods extending generally along an axial direction within the shaft and movable generally along this axial direction to adjust the orientation of the distal member with respect to the axial direction or shaft. The distal member may have any form suitable for supporting an end effector. In most embodiments, the distal member has the form of a clevis. In any case, the distal member has a base to which the rods are rotatably connected. Advancement or retraction of a first rod generally along the axial direction tips the base through a first angle so that the distal member faces a first articulated direction. The first angle may be any angle in the range of 0-90 degrees and oriented so that the first articulated direction is any direction that is not parallel to the axial direction. This would allow the distal member to direct an end effector in any direction in relation to the shaft of the surgical tool. In most embodiments, the first angle is greater than approximately 30 degrees. In some embodiments, the first angle is greater than approximately 60 degrees and in other embodiments the first angle is greater than approximately 70 degrees. This first angle may represent the pitch or the yaw of the wrist mechanism. In some embodiments, advancement or retraction of a second rod generally along the axial direction tips the base through a second angle so that the distal member faces a second articulated direction. The second angle may also be any angle in the range of 0-90 degrees and oriented so that the second articulated direction is any direction that is not parallel to the axial direction. The addition of a second angle would allow the distal member to direct an end effector in essentially a compound angle or in a second articulated direction in relation to the shaft of the surgical tool. In most embodiments, the second angle is greater than approximately 30 degrees. In some embodiments, the second angle is greater than approximately 60 degrees and in other embodiments the second angle is greater than approximately 70 degrees. If the first angle represents the pitch of the wrist mechanism, the second angle may represent the yaw of the wrist mechanism and vice versa. The plurality of rods may comprise two, three, four or more rods. In preferred embodiments, three or four rods are used to provide both pitch and yaw angulation. When four rods are used, the first and second rods are positioned adjacent to each other and the remaining two rods are located in positions diametrically opposite to the first and second rods. The four rods are generally arranged symmetrically around a central axis of the shaft or the axial direction. When the first rod is advanced, the diametrically opposite rod is simultaneously retracted. Likewise, when the first rod is retracted, the diametrically opposite rod is simultaneously advanced. This is similarly the case with the second rod and its diametrically opposite rod. Thus, the rods actuate in pairs. Such actuation will be further described in a later section. To maintain desired positioning of the rods, some embodiments include a guide tube having a plurality of guide slots. Each guide slot is shaped for receiving and guiding one of the plurality of rods substantially along the axial direction. In some embodiments, the rods are shaped so as to have a rectangular cross-section. In these instances, the corresponding
|
['A61B1700']
|
summary
|
11,216,146
|
[summary] In view of the foregoing circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a nipple detection apparatus and program for accurately detecting a nipple in a breast image. A nipple detection apparatus according to the present invention is a nipple detection apparatus comprising: an outline detection means for detecting, based on breast image data representing a breast image obtained by photographing a breast, the outline of the breast in the breast image; and a nipple detection means for detecting, based on information about the outline of the breast, detected by the outline detection means, a nipple projection portion, which locally projects outward from the outline of the breast. A program according to the present invention is a program for causing a computer to function as an outline detection means for detecting, based on breast image data representing a breast image obtained by photographing a breast, the outline of the breast in the breast image and a nipple detection means for detecting, based on information about the outline of the breast, detected by the outline detection means, a nipple projection portion, which locally projects outward from the outline of the breast. The expression “locally projects outward from the outline of the breast” refers to a convex shape that further projects from the outline of the breast, which has a gradual outward convex shape as a whole. Further, the nipple detection means may obtain a smoothed outline of the breast corresponding to a local portion of the outline of the breast, and detect the nipple projection portion based on a distance value between the smoothed outline of the breast and the portion of the outline of the breast. The nipple detection means may obtain the smoothed outline of the breast by connecting both ends of the portion of the outline with a straight line, produce a plurality of pairs of the portions of the outline and the straight lines connecting both ends of the portions of the outline by gradually shifting the position of the portion of the outline along the outline of the breast, and detect the nipple projection portion based on the distance value between the portion of the outline and the straight line in each of the plurality of produced pairs. The term “distance value” refers to a value representing a distance between the smoothed outline of the breast and the portion of the actual outline. For example, a distance between the center of the portion of the outline and the straight line connecting both ends of the portion of the outline may be used as the distance value (the center of the portion of the outline is a point on the portion of the outline, which is apart from an end of the portion of the outline by a half of the length of the portion of the outline along the portion of the outline). Further, the nipple detection means may detect the nipple projection portion by performing top-hat transform on the outline of the breast from the inside of the region of the breast. The expression “performing top-hat transform on the outline of the breast from the inside of the region of the breast” refers to transforming the outline of the breast into a shape that includes only a convexity that a structural element cannot enter. In the top-hat trans form, opening processing is performed along the outline of the breast using the structural element from the inside of the region of the breast, and a shape in which the convexity that the structural element cannot enter is removed from the outline of the breast. Then, the produced shape is subtracted from the outline of the breast to obtain the shape that includes only the convexity. Further, the nipple detection means detects the nipple projection portion based on a second derivative value of the outline of the breast. The term “second derivative value of the outline of the breast” refers to a value that can be used to detect a portion of the outline, in which the shape of the outline sharply changes. The value may be obtained using an equation. Alternatively, the value may be obtained by calculating a difference between the positions of adjacent pixels on the outline of the breast. For example, when the shape of the outline gradually changes, the “second derivative value” is approximately constant. However, when the shape of the outline sharply changes, the “second derivative value” increases. Therefore, the convexity of the outline, such as the nipple, may be detected based on the second derivative value. According to the present invention, the outline of the breast is detected based on breast image data representing a breast image obtained by photographing a breast, and a nipple projection portion, which locally projects outward from the outline of the breast, is detected as a nipple. Therefore, the nipple can be accurately detected. Further, a smoothed outline of the breast is obtained by smoothing the shape of the outline of the breast, and a distance value between the smoothed outline of the breast and the outline of the breast is obtained. Therefore, the portion that projects from the outline of the breast may be detected as the nipple. Further, if the nipple is detected based on the distance value between the portion of the outline, which is a portion of the outline of the breast, and the straight line connecting both ends of the portion of the outline, the operation amount for detecting the nipple can be reduced. Further, the nipple can be accurately detected. Alternatively, when the nipple projection portion is detected by performing top-hat transform on the outline of the breast from the inside of the region of the breast, if the size of the structural element is optimized, it is possible to detect only a projection which has a likely size of a nipple. Further, if the nipple projection portion is detected based on a second derivative value of the outline, it is possible to detect only a
|
['G06K900']
|
summary
|
12,161,373
|
[description] Generally stated, the following description is concerned with a non-restrictive illustrative embodiment of the present invention for: physiological determination of respiratory unloading, which corresponds to the determination of the range of applicable levels of respiratory assist from the level necessary to achieve the unloading of respiratory assist satisfying patients' respiratory demand, to the level that represents 100% of mechanical unloading of the respiratory muscles; determination of respiratory lung mechanics; determination of a level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) that is associated with the least impaired level of respiratory mechanics; and quantification of respiratory drive and partition of respiratory drive into chemical/habitual drive and load related drive; in spontaneously breathing patients who receive mechanical ventilatory assist. Furthermore, this non-restrictive illustrative embodiment according to the present invention also pertains to the measurements of: respiratory drive; the respiratory drive can be obtained by measuring the diaphragm electrical activity EAdi as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,752, granted to C. Sinderby et al., on Sep. 30, 1997; this patent uses an array of electrodes to detect electromyographic signals of reverse polarities, to which a double subtraction technique is applied in view of obtaining signals with improved signal-to-noise ratio; airway pressure Paw; the airway pressure can be measured in the respiratory circuit (Paw can also be measured in the airways or in the mechanical ventilator); and inspiratory and expiratory flow and volume; these flow and volume can be measured in the respiratory circuit or in the mechanical ventilator; in a patient who is breathing, for example, on a neurally controlled ventilator, which delivers pressure in proportion to the inspiratory activity or effort. This can be performed by, for example, using a mechanical ventilator controlled by neural drive (diaphragm electrical activity EAdi) as outlined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,560, granted to C. Sinderby et al., on Oct. 13, 1998, or using a mechanical ventilator that delivers ventilatory assist between the beginning and end of the diaphragm electrical activity EAdi as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,588,423, granted to C. Sinderby, on Jul. 8, 2003. As stated hereinabove, the transpulmonary pressure PTR, which represents the pressure required for distending the lungs, is given by the difference between the airway pressure Paw and pleural pressures, the latter being usually measured through an esophageal balloon (Paa). Thus, the transpulmonary pressure PTR equals the airway pressure Paw minus the pleural pressure, which is typically estimated by Pes, so that PTR=Paw−Pes. During a non-assisted inspiration (i.e. without a mechanical positive pressure ventilator for example), the lung distending pressure (i.e. the gradient of transpulmonary pressure acting to expand the lungs) is similar to Pas−atmospheric pressure, i.e. change in PTR=change in Pes. If a positive pressure ventilator is applied to the airways, then the transpulmonary pressure PTR can be calculated from the difference Paw−Pes. Generally stated, the non-restrictive illustrative embodiment of the present invention is based on a progressive increase of ventilatory assist starting from a zero level (or small level) to a high level. The increase of assist is preferably linear but can also be arbitrary or follow a non-linear function. When ventilatory assist from a mechanical ventilator is controlled using diaphragm electrical activity EAdi as outlined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,560, the ventilatory assist, which corresponds to the pressure Paw delivered to the patient, is obtained by multiplying the diaphragm electrical activity EAdi with a proportionality constant γ such that Paw=Eadi•γ. Hence, an increase of the proportionality constant γ when/if EAdi remains constant, increases the ventilatory assist (i.e. increases the pressure Paw in the respiratory circuit). If EAdi is decreasing when the proportionality constant γ is increased, then the rate at which Paw increases will decrease. More specifically, FIG. 1 illustrates a system 10 according to the non-restrictive illustrative embodiment of the present invention. The system 10 comprises a mechanical ventilator 12, a controller 14, an EAdi level detector 16, a Paw detector 18 and an elastance and resistance calculator 20. The ventilator 12 can be the mechanical ventilator disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,820,560, whose ventilatory assist is controlled as a function of a respiratory neural drive such as EAdi (electrical activity of the diaphragm). Furthermore, the ventilator 12 is connected to the controller 14 for adjusting the degree of assist from the ventilator 12, through the above described proportionality constant γ. By increasing the proportionality constant γ, the degree of ventilatory assist is increased and vice versa if the proportionality constant γ is decreased. When ventilatory assist is applied to a patient (not shown), the EAdi level detector 16, which is connected both to the patient and the ventilator 12, detects and records the EAdi level in response to ventilatory assist. The EAdi level detector 16 is further designed to detect a lowest level of EAdi, meaning that it can determine the point where the EAdi level reaches a plateau and the value of this plateau. From this level on, EAdi becomes insensitive to an increase of ventilatory assist, meaning that EAdi is no longer decreasing even though the level of assist may still be increasing. At this level of lowest EAdi, Pes is close to zero, therefore Paw=PTR. The Paw detector 18 is connected to the EAdi level detector 16. The Paw detector 18 detects a change in the gradient of the airway pressure Paw supplied by the ventilator 12. When a change in the gradient of Paw is detected, then it means that respiratory unloading has satisfied respiratory centers. Once the lowest level of EAdi and a change in the gradient of Paw are determined, the mechanics of the lungs such as elastance and resistance can be calculated by the calculator 20. Physiological Determination of Respiratory Unloading Now, turning to FIG. 2, a method 140 for physiological determination of respiratory unloading is described, using the system 10 of FIG. 1. At the beginning, the proportionality constant γ is set to a small value, in operation 141. It can be set to zero, for example. In operation 142, the proportionality constant γ is then increased by a certain
|
['A61B5085' 'A61B508' 'A61B511' 'A61M1600']
|
detailed_description
|
11,191,368
|
[description] This description of the preferred embodiments is intended to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are to be considered part of the entire written description of this invention. In the description, relative terms such as “lower,” “upper,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “up,” “down,” “top,” “bottom,” “left,” and “right” as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally,” “downwardly,” “upwardly,” etc.) should be construed to refer to the orientation as then described or as shown in the drawing figure under discussion. These relative terms are for convenience of description and normally are not intended to require a particular orientation. Terms concerning attachments, coupling and the like, such as “connected,” “coupled,” and “interconnected,” refer to a relationship wherein structures are secured or attached to one another either directly or indirectly through intervening structures, as well as both movable or rigid attachments or relationships, unless expressly described otherwise. FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a prior art single-phase server. In this prior art example a server 100 including two single-phase AC power supply modules 102 is designed. The two single-phase AC power supply modules 102 include a plurality of power cables 104 and 106, configured to electrically couple to a first single-phase AC power supply grid 104 and to electrically couple to a second single-phase AC power supply grid 106. FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the prior art single-phase server from FIG. 1A as configured to a 3-phase AC power configuration by the addition of PDUs. When the example prior art server from FIG. 1A is to be used with 3-phase AC power grids, a pair of power distribution units (PDUs) 108 are used to convert the 3-phase AC power inputs 110 and 112 from a first 3-phase AC power supply grid 110 and a second 3-phase AC power supply grid 112, to a first single-phase AC power supply grid 104, and a second single-phase AC power supply grid 106 respectively. FIG. 2A is a block diagram of a prior art 3-phase server. In this prior art example a server 200 including two 3-phase AC power supply modules 202 is designed. The two 3-phase AC power supply modules 202 include power cables 204 and 206, configured to electrically couple to a first 3-phase AC power supply grid 204 and to electrically couple to a second 3-phase AC power supply grid 206. FIG. 2B is a block diagram of the prior art 3-phase server from FIG. 2A as configured to a single-phase power configuration by the addition of PDUs. When the example prior art server from FIG. 2A is to be used with single-phase power grids, a pair of power distribution units (PDUs) 208 are used to convert the single-phase power inputs 210 and 212 from a first single-phase power supply grid 210 and a second single-phase power supply grid 212, to a first 2-phase power supply grid 204, and a second 3-phase power supply grid 206 respectively. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a server configured to accept a plurality of power modules according to the present invention. In this example embodiment of a server according to the present invention, a server 300, including a server chassis 302, is configured to removeably electrically and mechanically couple with a plurality of power supply modules. The power supply modules interchangeably (and non-permanently) couple with the server chassis 304, each in a power supply module bay 302. This example embodiment shows a server 300 with two power supply module bays 302, while those of skill in the art will recognize that any positive integer number of power module bays 302 may be used within the scope of the present invention. Those of skill in the art will understand that while this example embodiment of the present invention includes rectangular power supply module bays 302, these bays 302 may be any shape imaginable within the scope of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a single-phase power module according to the present invention. This example embodiment of a single-phase power module 400 includes power supply cables 402 configured to electrically couple the single-phase AC power module 400 to a single-phase AC power source. This single-phase AC power module 400 is configured to electrically couple with the server 300 of FIG. 3, in the power supply module bays 302 incorporated into the server chassis 304. Those of skill in the art will recognize that any positive integer number of power supply cables 402 may be used within the scope of the present invention. FIG. 4B is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a 3-phase AC power module according to the present invention. This example embodiment of a 3-phase AC power module 404 includes a power supply cable 406 configured to electrically couple the single-phase AC power module 404 to a 3-phase AC power source. This 3-phase AC power module 404 is configured to electrically couple with the server 300 of FIG. 3, in the power supply module bays 302 incorporated into the server chassis 304. Those of skill in the art will recognize that any positive integer number of power supply cables 406 may be used within the scope of the present invention. FIG. 4C is a block diagram of an example embodiment of a DC power module according to the present invention. This example embodiment of a DC power module 408 includes a pair of power supply cables 410 configured to electrically couple the DC power module 408 to a DC power source. This DC power module 408 is configured to electrically couple with the server 300 of FIG. 3, in the power supply module bays 302 incorporated into the server chassis 304. Those of skill in the art will recognize that any positive integer number of power supply cables 410 may be used within the scope of the present invention. While the example embodiments of power modules described above show one, two, or three power supply cables, those of skill
|
['H05K500']
|
detailed_description
|
12,567,550
|
[invention] Starch is a complex carbohydrate often found in the human diet. The structure of starch is glucose polymers linked by α-1,4 and α-1,6 glucosidic bonds. Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starches into sugars. Amylases hydrolyze internal I-1,4-glucosidic linkages in starch, largely at random, to produce smaller molecular weight malto-dextrins. The breakdown of starch is important in the digestive system and commercially. Amylases are of considerable commercial value, being used in the initial stages (liquefaction) of starch processing; in wet corn milling; in alcohol production; as cleaning agents in detergent matrices; in the textile industry for starch desizing; in baking applications; in the beverage industry; in oilfields in drilling processes; in inking of recycled paper; and in animal feed. Amylases are produced by a wide variety of microorganisms including Bacillus and Aspergillus , with most commercial amylases being produced from bacterial sources such as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis , or Bacillus stearothermophilus . In recent years, the enzymes in commercial use have been those from Bacillus licheniformis because of their heat stability and performance, at least at neutral and mildly alkaline pHs. In general, starch to fructose processing consists of four steps: liquefaction of granular starch, saccharification of the liquefied starch into dextrose, purification, and isomerization to fructose. The object of a starch liquefaction process is to convert a concentrated suspension of starch polymer granules into a solution of soluble shorter chain length dextrins of low viscosity. This step is essential for convenient handling with standard equipment and for efficient conversion to glucose or 10 3 other sugars. To liquefy granular starch, it is necessary to gelatinize the granules by raising the temperature of the granular starch to over about 72° C. The heating process instantaneously disrupts the insoluble starch granules to produce a water soluble starch solution. The solubilized starch solution is then liquefied by amylase. A starch granule is composed of: 69-74% amylopectin, 26-31% amylose, 11-14% water, 0.2-0.4% protein, 0.5-0.9% lipid, 0.05-0.1% ash, 0.02-0.03% phosphorus, 0.1% pentosan. Approximately 70% of a granule is amorphous and 30% is crystalline. A common enzymatic liquefaction process involves adjusting the pH of a granular starch slurry to between 6.0 and 6.5, the pH optimum of alpha-amylase derived from Bacillus licheniformis , with the addition of calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. The addition of calcium hydroxide has the advantage of also providing calcium ions which are known to stabilize the alpha-amylase against inactivation. Upon addition of alpha-amylase, the suspension is pumped through a steam jet to instantaneously raise the temperature to between 80 degree-115 degrees C. The starch is immediately gelatinized and, due to the presence of alpha-amylase, depolymerized through random hydrolysis of a (1-4) glycosidic bonds by alpha-amylase to a fluid mass which is easily pumped. In a second variation to the liquefaction process, alpha-amylase is added to the starch suspension, the suspension is held at a temperature of 80-100 degrees C. to partially hydrolyze the starch granules, and the partially hydrolyzed starch suspension is pumped through a jet at temperatures in excess of about 105 degrees C. to thoroughly gelatinize any remaining granular structure. After cooling the gelatinized starch, a second addition of alpha-amylase can be made to further hydrolyze the starch. A third variation of this process is called the dry milling process. In dry milling, whole grain is ground and combined with water. The germ is optionally removed by flotation separation or equivalent techniques. The resulting mixture, which contains starch, fiber, protein and other components of the grain, is liquefied using .alpha.-amylase. The general practice in the art is to undertake enzymatic liquefaction at a lower temperature when using the dry milling process. Generally, low temperature liquefaction is believed to be less efficient than high temperature liquefaction in converting starch to soluble dextrins. Typically, after gelatinization the starch solution is held at an elevated temperature in the presence of alpha-amylase until a DE of 10-20 is achieved, usually a period of 1-3 hours. Dextrose equivalent (DE) is the industry standard for measuring the concentration of total reducing sugars, calculated as D-glucose on a dry weight basis. Unhydrolyzed granular starch has a DE of virtually zero, whereas the DE of D-glucose is defined as 100. Corn wet milling is a process which produces corn oil, gluten meal, gluten feed and starch. Alkaline-amylase is used in the liquefaction of starch and glucoamylase is used in saccharification, producing glucose. Corn, a kernel of which consists of a outer seed coat (fiber), starch, a combination of starch and glucose and the inner germ, is subjected to a four step process, which results in the production of starch. The corn is steeped, de-germed, de-fibered, and finally the gluten is separated. In the steeping process, the solubles are taken out. The product remaining after removal of the solubles is de-germed, resulting in production of corn oil and production of an oil cake, which is added to the solubles from the steeping step. The remaining product is de-fibered and the fiber solids are added to the oil cake/solubles mixture. This mixture of fiber solids, oil cake and solubles forms a gluten feed. After de-fibering, the remaining product is subjected to gluten separation. This separation results in a gluten meal and starch. The starch is then subjected to liquefaction and saccharification to produce glucose. Staling of baked products (such as bread) has been recognized as a problem which becomes more serious as more time lies between the moment of preparation of the bread product and the moment of consumption. The term staling is used to describe changes undesirable to the consumer in the properties of the bread product after leaving the oven, such as an increase of the firmness of the crumb, a decrease of the elasticity of the crumb, and changes in the crust, which becomes tough and leathery. The firmness of the bread crumb increases further during storage up to a level, which is considered as negative. The increase in crumb firmness, which is considered as the most
|
['C12N926' 'C12P1914' 'C11D3386' 'D06M1600' 'C13K106' 'C09K820' 'D21C502']
|
background
|
10,578,790
|
[description] The stopper of a transducer in accordance with the present invention is enhanced so that a sheet metal is not bent beyond the reversibility limit value of the metallic material. Namely, the stopper is formed of a material that can withstand an impulsive force. The stopper is formed using either an elastic body having an impulsive-force resistance and an excellent resilience or a rigid body, and the stopper thus formed is disposed on the reverse surface of magnetic circuit's yoke or bottom plate which is also an impulsive-force withstanding body made of metal material. Under this configuration, where a stopper formed of an elastic body or a rigid body has an excellent resilience and it is disposed on the reverse surface of magnetic circuit made of a metallic material, the stopper demonstrates a superior impulsive-force resistance. As the result, the stopper works to prevent a terminal from being deformed, without the stopper itself deformed or collapsed. Namely, even if a terminal is exposed to an excessive impulsive force, for example when a speaker, or transducer, is pushed strong for assembly into the case of a apparatus which is provided with much dimensional margin for the push-in operation, or in a case when a portable telephone unit or other such electronic apparatus is dropped by careless handling, the stopper will never get deformed or collapsed. So, a terminal will never be bent beyond the reversibility limit value of the metallic material, and the spring force of a terminal will not deteriorate. Thus a terminal can keep providing a substantial spring force. Consequently, a terminal and an electric supply section of electronic apparatus can enjoy a stable mutual contact; and the stability of which contact is not ill-affected even when an electronic apparatus is hit by an impulsive force or vibrated. The contact problems hardly arise, and a stable signal transfer is not interrupted. As the results, the reliability of a portable telephone unit or the like electronic apparatus which contains a transducer in accordance with the present invention is enhanced. Now in the following, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described more in detail referring to the drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are provided for describing the concept of invention; they do not necessarily exhibit the relative positioning among components with dimensional accuracy. As to the bottom area of a stopper in the present invention, it may be determined at a designer's option in so far as it is smaller than the magnetic circuit's yoke or the bottom plate on which the stopper is disposed. As to the height of a stopper, it is generally determined at somewhere approximately the same level as the terminal's spring force operating point. First Example Embodiment A speaker, or the transducer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is described referring to FIG. 1 through FIG. 3. Although the speaker described in the present embodiment has a square-shape and a slim contour, it is not the intention of the present invention to limit the speaker type as such. FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a speaker in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view of the speaker of FIG. 1, with the terminal at its bottom dead point under the protection of a stopper. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the speaker of FIG. 1 as observed from a different viewing point. As shown in FIG. 1 through FIG. 3, inner-magnet type magnetic circuit 24 is formed of magnetized magnet 21 sandwiched by upper plate 22 and yoke 23. Magnetic circuit 24 is press-fit to resin-made frame 26, keeping the contact of yoke 23 with the frame. The frame has already been provided with terminal 30 with a part of it molded therein. The magnetic circuit and the frame are integrated together using an adhesive agent. Diaphragm 27 is glued to frame 26 at the circumferential edge, while voice coil 28 attached to diaphragm 27 for vibrating it is disposed to be fitting in magnetic gap 25. A lead wire of voice coil 28 is soldered at one end of terminal 30. As the final step, terminal 30 is bent up at its approximate middle part into two portions so that terminal 30 is not stretching beyond the overall outer dimensions of frame 26. The other end of terminal 30 shaped into a certain specific form is supposed to work as an electrical terminal for connection with a system built in an apparatus. Terminal 30 is coupled with stopper 29 formed of either an elastic body or a rigid body and disposed on the reverse surface of magnetic circuit 24's yoke 23. Stopper 29 is for restricting the bending of terminal 30 to be within the reversibility limit value of the metallic material. Stopper 29 of an elastic body is formed of polymer materials. At least one selected from among the group of rubber, elastomer, urethane foam and foamed resin is used for the polymer material. The reason why such material is used is that it absorbs excessive force generated as the result of dropped apparatus to protect a speaker, and that it can survive a number of dropped shocks because of its substantial restoring force. The polymer materials can be either organic compounds or inorganic ones. Furthermore, since the above-described polymer materials have the insulating property, they are advantageous also with respect to the following aspect: Terminal 30 and stopper 29 seldom make direct contact in the normal situation. However, we can not totally deny a possibility of an extraordinary impulsive force which would deform two of terminal 30 and bring them into contact with stopper 29. Even in such an incident, a short-circuit trouble will never arise with stopper 29 which has an insulating property. Instead, stopper 29 may be structured of a rigid body. Either an organic material or a non-magnetic material may be used for the rigid body. Preferred organic material is
|
['H01L2984']
|
detailed_description
|
12,602,523
|
RAPID SENSING OF TOXIC METALS WITH HYBRID INORGANIC MATERIALS [SEP] [abstract] Methods for rapid sensing of dissolved toxic heavy metals use a hybrid inorganic material (“HIM”), which is synthesized from hydrated iron oxide (“HFO”) and calcium magnesium silicate. HIM thus synthesized is used in sensing dissolved toxic heavy metals. Water containing toxic heavy metals (e.g., lead, copper, zinc, nickel, etc.) is passed through a sorbent bed of HIM, whereupon it shows a sharp drop in pH after a certain length of time. The presence of HFO and calcium magnesium silicates in HIM synergistically provide a precipitous drop in pH, which is characteristic of the concentration and type of toxic heavy metal. Therefore, observing a change in pH indicates the presence and identity of heavy metal ions in a test water sample.
|
['G01N3320']
|
abstract
|
12,615,114
|
[description] Hereinafter, a content delivery system according to an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the content delivery system according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the content delivery system according to this embodiment is configured by a transmission terminal 112S that is managed by a company that desires to deliver print contents (an advertisement, a text for distance learning, or the like), a posting server 102 and SIP (session initiation protocol) servers 104 and 106 that are managed by a network service provider, and printer terminals 108P and 110P that are managed by clients. The posting server 102 and the SIP servers 104 and 106 may be managed by different network service providers or a same network service provider. In addition, the posting server 102, the SIP servers 104 and 106, and the printer terminals 108P and 110P are interconnected through a so-called broadband network 114 including the Internet. The transmission terminal 112S may be connected to the posting server 102 through the same broadband network or may be connected to the posting server 102 through a dedicated line or the like. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, within the network 114, it is assumed that the posting server 102, the SIP server 104, and the printer terminal 108P belong to the domain of “west.com”, and the SIP server 106 and the printer terminal 110P belong to the domain of “east.com”. In this embodiment, the print contents such as advertisement or a text for distance learning, to be described in detail later, is transmitted from the transmission terminal 112S to the posting server 102 as contents data and is delivered to the printer terminals 108P and 110P by the posting server 102 as a
|
['G06F312']
|
detailed_description
|
11,716,396
|
Method for characterizing a bit detection event [SEP] [abstract] A bit detection event within a read period is characterized by sub-dividing each read period into elementary time intervals. Certain ones of the elementary intervals are selected to for a window and a counting operation for a number of bits detected during the intervals within the window is performed. The elementary time intervals are defined by a difference between a frequency corresponding to the read period and a bit detection timing frequency. The counting result for the intervals in the window over several consecutive read periods is statistically processed. A reduction of an integrated electronic circuit test duration results from limiting the counting operations performed to the selected elementary time intervals.
|
['H03M1300']
|
abstract
|
12,490,147
|
[claim] 1. A semiconductor device, comprising: a first MISFET including a first gate formed over a principal surface of a semiconductor substrate through a first insulating film; a second MISFET including a second gate which is thicker than the first gate, formed over the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate through a second insulating film which is thicker than the first gate insulating film; and a memory cell including a control gate formed over the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate through a third gate insulating film, a charge storage layer in which one part thereof is formed at one sidewall of the control gate as well as the other part thereof is formed over the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a memory gate which is electrically separated from the control gate through the one part of the charge storage layer, as well as electrically separated from the semiconductor substrate through the other part of the charge storage layer, forming a split gate together with the gate control gate, and wherein the third gate insulating film is thinner than the second gate insulating film, the control gate is thicker than the first gate and the ratio of height of the memory gate with respect to the gate length of the memory gate is larger than 1. 2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the third gate insulating film is formed with the first gate insulating film by oxidizing the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate. 3. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the control gate and the second gate are formed in a multilayer structure including a first electrode material film and a second electrode material film formed over the first electrode material film, and wherein the first gate is a single layer structure including a first electrode material film of the control gate. 4. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the memory cell further includes a first semiconductor region formed over the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate by ion implantation of a first impurity, using the split gate as a mask, a sidewall formed at the other sidewall of the control gate as well as formed at a sidewall of the opposite side of the one side of the charge storage layer in the memory gate, and a second semiconductor region formed over the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate by ion implantation of a second impurity, using the split gate and the sidewall as masks, which has higher impurity concentration than the first semiconductor region. 5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the semiconductor substrate is made of a silicon substrate, wherein the memory cell further includes a spacer formed at the sidewall of the split gate through the sidewall and a silicide layer formed over the second semiconductor region, one end of which is arranged in the vicinity of the spacer, and wherein the silicide layer is not formed in the first semiconductor region.
|
['H01L29792']
|
claim
|
12,252,701
|
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USE OF A VEHICLE BACK-UP CAMERA AS A DEAD-RECKONING SENSOR [SEP] [abstract] Systems and methods are disclosed herein to use a vehicle back-up camera as a cost-effective dead-reckoning sensor in satellite-based vehicle navigation systems. Since the back-up camera may already use a display of the navigation system for display, the data from the back-up camera may be easily obtained and integrated into the navigation system. The data from the camera is received by a navigation receiver wirelessly or through a wired connection. The image is processed to determine the speed, heading, turn-rate of the vehicle to aid the satellite-based navigation system if the satellite signals are inadequate. Thus, enhanced vehicle navigation- performance can be obtained without adding new sensors and/or connecting to a vehicle data bus.
|
['G01C2100' 'G06K900']
|
abstract
|
10,537,995
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a marking device for encoding metallic workpieces with two-dimensional matrix codes in which the information is present in the form of recessed embossed dots in a square or rectangular arrangement. The presence or lack of these embossed dots at the respective grid points represents the binary encoded information. 2. The Prior Art To read back the information without error, the precision in placing the embossed dots is of high importance. The precise shape, size and depth of the dots are critical quality features. This is directly connected to the type of reading technology for such embossed or punched encodings, respectively, by means of CCD cameras. Illumination from the top or the side must create a contrast between light and dark from the respective recess by means of corresponding reflections, which is much more difficult than with printed black and white surfaces located on one level, for which the code was originally developed. A deviating shape or size of the individual recesses can easily cause (or undesirably not cause) a reflection which can lead to an undesired distortion of information. In the aerospace industry, requirements are even stricter for critical components under high load; these requirements aim at avoiding the reduction of mechanical stability due to the “notch effect”. In order to achieve the required precision, the striking tool, normally embodied as a hard metal needle, must strike the metallic workpiece, on the one hand, very rapidly, but on the other hand, with precisely defined and reproducible energy. Many conditions must be taken into account as counteracting the desired precision. In case of an electric drive, for instance, the temperature of the copper coil of the electromagnet can increase during operation, reducing current flow and thus the power consumption of the electromagnet. During longer standstill periods of the marking device, the striking tool which is formed as a magnet keeper, or connected to or operatively connected with a magnet keeper, sticks so that the impact energy at the first dot is reduced. In principle, a striking movement which is too slow causes an oval distortion of the recess when the impact unit moves on during encoding. On the other hand, an impact speed which is too fast leads to a great variation in impact depth, since even minimum differences, e.g. due to overlaid mechanical oscillations in the striking mechanism, lead to slightly different energy outputs of the impact system during the formation of the recess. Furthermore, the material properties of the workpiece also influence the formation of the recess. Finally, mechanical tolerances also lead to errors, if they cause the movement of the magnet keeper to exceed the magnetically substantially linear range. In known arrangements, the current is only intended to be switched on and off for the electromagnet. Clamping diodes or other overvoltage protection equipment are used for protection against overvoltage, when the electromagnet is switched off, as an inductive load. Bias resistors before the electromagnet for inducing a faster rise or drop of current in the magnet coil by increasing the time constant are also known. In these simple systems, in addition to one-time dimensioning, only the time of disconnecting can be varied after the current is switched on, whereas the entire time course of the working movement results exclusively from dimensioning and the prevailing boundary conditions. With such systems, the required precision cannot be attained. In controlling solenoid valves, on the one hand, it is well-known to switch back to a lower holding current after the high turn-on current, which is first required for a fast movement. This switchover, however, does not take place until after switching of the valve, i.e. after the movement of the valve member, and is intended first to save energy and secondly to reduce heating of the solenoid valve.
|
['B21J1524']
|
background
|
12,617,380
|
[summary] These and other problems are generally solved or circumvented, and technical advantages are generally achieved, by embodiments of the present invention which provide an improved automated semiconductor wafer manufacturing process. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a system for automated semiconductor wafer manufacturing is provided. The system includes a smart overlay control (SOC) database having empirical alignment data related to overlay alignment, and a simulation module communicatively coupled to the SOC database, the simulation module determining a simulated overlay alignment of a wafer on a plurality of photolithography tools in a tool bank based on the empirical alignment data stored in the SOC database. The system also includes a dispatch module communicatively coupled to the SOC database and the simulation module, the dispatch module controlling the dispatch of the wafer to one of the plurality of photolithography tools in the tool bank based at least in part on the simulated overlay alignment. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for aligning a photolithographic machine in an automated semiconductor manufacturing system is provided. The method identifies a maximum precision degree for a particular wafer, and a maximum overlay correction value. The method then selects a first algorithm, simulates the first algorithm, and determines whether the first algorithm aligns a leading lot within alignment specifications. Upon determining that the first algorithm does not align a leading lot within alignment specifications, the method selects a second algorithm, and repeats the steps of simulating and determining using the second algorithm. Finally, the method aligns a photolithography machine using the algorithm selected based on the simulations. In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product for providing an automated semiconductor wafer manufacturing process is provided. The computer program product includes a medium with a computer program embodied thereon, the computer program comprising computer program code for selecting a photolithography machine to process a wafer from a plurality of photolithography machines in a tool bank, and computer program code for simulating one or more alignment algorithms for the wafer, the simulations identifying a selected algorithm based at least in part on empirical alignment data. The computer program also includes computer program code for aligning the photolithography machine according to the selected algorithm.
|
['G06F1750' 'G06G766']
|
summary
|
12,472,206
|
[summary] The invention is directed to a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same, wherein in a gate pattern formation process using a tungsten (W) layer as a gate conductive layer, sidewalls of the tungsten layer are etched and a passivation layer is then formed on the tungsten layer to protect the sidewalls of the tungsten layer in a subsequent cleaning process, wherein the passivation layer is formed on etched portions of the tungsten layer, so that a distance between gates can be secured and process margin can be secured in a subsequent gap-fill process of insulating materials. A semiconductor device according to an aspect of the invention includes a gate pattern in which a tunnel insulating layer, a conductive layer for a floating gate, a dielectric layer, a conductive layer for a control gate, and a gate electrode layer are sequentially stacked over a semiconductor substrate, a first passivation layer formed on sidewalls of the gate electrode layer, and a second passivation layer formed on the entire surface along a surface of the first passivation layer and the gate pattern. The critical dimension of the gate electrode layer is smaller than that of the conductive layer for the control gate. The first passivation layer is formed on the sidewalls of the gate electrode layer and formed on the same line as that of the sidewalls of the gate pattern. The first passivation layer is formed from a nitride layer, and the second passivation layer is formed from an oxide layer. The second passivation layer includes a high-temperature oxide (HTO) layer, a low-pressure tetraethyl orthosilicate (LP-TEOS) layer, or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) oxide layer. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to an aspect of the invention includes sequentially stacking a tunnel insulating layer, a first conductive layer, a dielectric layer, a second conductive layer, and a gate electrode layer over a semiconductor substrate, patterning the gate electrode layer, the second conductive layer, the dielectric layer, and the first conductive layer, wherein the first conductive layer partially remains to prevent the tunnel insulating layer from being exposed, etching sidewalls of the gate electrode layer, forming a first passivation layer on the entire surface including the sidewalls of the gate electrode layer, wherein first passivation layer formed on the sidewalls of the gate electrode layer is thicker than the first passivation layer formed in other areas, to prevent abnormal oxidization of the gate electrode layer, performing a cleaning process to remove byproducts resulting from the etch process of the gate electrode layer, and forming a gate pattern by etching the first passivation layer, the first conductive layer, and the tunnel insulating layer. After the gate pattern is formed, a part of the first passivation layer and sidewalls of the second conductive layer preferably are oxidized by performing an oxidization process to form a second passivation layer. The second passivation layer preferably is formed by oxidizing the first passivation layer formed on the sidewalls of the second conductive layer and the dielectric layer, and a part of the first passivation layer formed on the sidewalls of the gate conductive layer. The oxidization process preferably is performed to oxidize 30% to 80% of the first passivation layer formed on the sidewalls of the gate conductive layer to form the second passivation layer. In the etching of the sidewalls of the gate electrode layer, the sidewalls of the gate electrode layer preferably are etched by 1 nm to 10 nm. The etching of the sidewalls of the gate electrode layer is performed using a dry etch process or a or wet etch process, wherein the wet etch process preferably is performed using H 2 SO 4 , NH 4 OH, H 2 O, HF, HCl, or H 2 O 2 , either alone or in combination. The first passivation layer preferably is formed from a nitride layer. The first passivation layer preferably is formed to fill convex portions that have been generated in the process of etching the sidewalls of the gate conductive layer, so that a layer formed on the sidewalls of a conductive layer for a gate is thicker than a layer formed in the remaining areas. The first passivation layer preferably is formed using SiH 4 , Si 2 H 6 , Si 2 HCl 2 , NH 3 , N 2 , Ar, He, or PH 3 gas, preferably in a pressure range of 0.05 Torr to 50 Torr. The first passivation layer preferably is formed to a thickness of 1 nm to 15 nm. The second passivation layer preferably is formed to a thickness of 1 nm to 12 nm. The second passivation layer preferably is formed using a radical oxidization process. A third passivation layer preferably is further formed over the semiconductor substrate including the second passivation layer. The third passivation layer preferably comprises an HTO layer, an LP-TEOS layer, or an ALD oxide layer. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device according to another aspect of the invention includes sequentially stacking a tunnel insulating layer, a first conductive layer, a dielectric layer, a second conductive layer, and a gate electrode layer over a semiconductor substrate, patterning the gate electrode layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer partially remains to prevent the dielectric layer from being exposed, etching sidewalls of the gate electrode layer, forming a first passivation layer on the entire surface including the sidewalls of the gate electrode layer, to prevent abnormal oxidization of the gate electrode layer, performing a cleaning process to thereby remove byproducts occurring in the etch process of the gate electrode layer, and forming a gate pattern by etching the first passivation layer, the second conductive layer, and the dielectric layer, the first conductive layer, and the tunnel insulating layer. After the gate pattern is formed, a second passivation layer preferably is formed over the semiconductor substrate including the gate pattern. In etching of the sidewalls of the gate conductive layer, the sidewalls of the
|
['H01L29788' 'H01L2128']
|
summary
|
12,555,804
|
[claim] 1. A lighting apparatus comprising: a suspension device; at least one light source, wherein said light source is supported by said member and directed at least partially below at least part of said member; an at least partially light transmissive lens having a cavity and comprising luminescent material and extending to cover at least part of said light source, wherein light from said light source causes at least part of said lens to luminesce; connections for at least one rechargeable power source; an activation circuit to provide power to said at least one light source from said rechargeable power source only at low light levels; and at least one photovoltaic panel; wherein said photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to said light source via said rechargeable power source, converting solar energy into electrical energy, storing said electrical energy and providing said electrical energy to said light source. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said suspension device is a ring. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said suspension device is a hook. 4. A lighting apparatus comprising: a suspension device; at least one light source, flexibly suspended below at least part of said member; an at least partially light transmissive, substantially hollow and substantially enclosed lens proximate to at least part of said light source and wherein light from said light source causes at least a portion of said lens to emit light; at least one wind indicator moveable by force of a wind and suspended below at least part of said member such that at least part of said at least one wind indicator moves relative to said lens; wherein at least part of said light emitted via said lens is reflected by said at least one wind indicator causing at least part of an external surface of said at least one wind indicator to be illuminated such that the movement of said at least one wind indicator is visible at low light levels; at least one rechargeable power source; an activation circuit to provide power to said at least one light source from said at least one rechargeable power source only at low light levels; and at least one photovoltaic panel, wherein said at least one photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to said at least one light source via said rechargeable power source, converting solar energy into electrical energy, storing said electrical energy and providing said electrical energy to said light source. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said rechargeable power source in disposed in a battery compartment suspended from said member and movable in relation to said member and to said lens. 6. A solar lamp comprising: a riser portion; a connecting frame connected to said riser portion; at least one light source, wherein said light source emits light directed above at least part of said riser portion; an at least partially light transmissive lens extending to cover at least part of said light source and wherein light from said light source causes at least part of said lens to illuminate; a surround frame attached to said lamp proximate to the intersection of said connecting frame and said riser portion such that some light passes through said lens to illuminate at least part of said surround frame from below at least part of said surround frame; electrical connections for at least one rechargeable power source, wherein said riser portion positions said connections above a ground surface; an activation circuit to provide power to said at least one light source from said at least one rechargeable power source only at low light levels; and at least one photovoltaic panel, wherein said photovoltaic panel is electrically connected to said light source via said at least one rechargeable power source, converting solar energy into electrical energy, storing said electrical energy and providing said electrical energy to said light source. 7. The solar lamp of claim 6, wherein said lens comprises luminescent material and wherein light from said light source causes at least part of said lens to luminesce. 8. The solar lamp of claim 6, wherein said lens comprises glass portions of at least a first color and a second color and wherein light emitted by said light source causes said glass portions to illuminate with more than one color. 9. The solar lamp of claim 6, wherein said lens is substantially spherical and wherein said surround frame at least partially encircles said lens and wherein, said surround frame includes a shape of one of an insect, flower, geometric shape, astronomical shape. 10. An illuminated wind indicator, comprising: a suspension device; at least one chime member movably suspended below said suspension device; a pendulum assembly movably suspended below said suspension device such that said pendulum assembly and said at least one chime member move relative to each other; at least one light source situated such that a portion of said pendulum assembly emits light; at least one rechargeable battery connected so as to provide power to said at least one light source; at least one solar panel connected such that said rechargeable battery accumulates charge when said solar panel is exposed to ambient light level of sufficient intensity; and an activation circuit to provide power to said at least one light source from said rechargeable battery only at low light levels. 11. The wind indicator of claim 10 wherein said pendulum assembly includes a striker element and wherein said at least one chime member collides with said striker element when at least one of said chime member and said striker element is moved by a strong enough wind. 12. The wind indicator of claim 11 wherein said pendulum emits light. 13. The wind indicator of claim 12 wherein said pendulum is movably connected to said striker element. 14. The wind indicator of claim 11 wherein said striker element emits light. 15. The wind indicator of claim 10 wherein said pendulum assembly has at least one light transmitting region and said first light source is situated such that light is
|
['G08B500' 'F21L400']
|
claim
|
12,159,342
|
[summary] According to a first exemplary aspect of the invention, a mobile communication method of allowing a mobile station and a base station to communicate based on an HSDPA communication mode, including when the mobile station moves from one base station into an area of other base station, transmitting a dummy signal for notifying base station switching from the other base station as a moving destination to the mobile station prior to transmission of actual information, in response to reception of the dummy signal, decoding an HS-SCCH signal up to part 2 information by the mobile station, examining CRC included in the part 2 information, and when the CRC is normal, switching the base station. According to a second exemplary aspect of the invention, a mobile communication system including a control device for controlling a plurality of base stations in which a mobile station communicates with the plurality of base stations based on an HSDPA communication mode, wherein the control device includes a switching instruction unit for monitoring need/no-need of change of a base station connected to the mobile station while the mobile station moves from one base station into an area of other base station, and when the change is necessary, instructing the other base station on switching, the base station includes a generation unit for generating a dummy signal according to the switching instruction, and a transmission unit for transmitting the dummy signal to the mobile station, and the mobile station includes a reception unit for receiving the HS-SCCH signal, a determination unit for determining whether the dummy signal is included in the received HS-SCCH signal, a decoding unit for decoding the HS-SCCH signal up to part 2 information when the determination unit determines that the dummy signal is included, an examination unit for examining CRC included in the part 2 information, and a switching processing unit for switching the base station when the CRC is normal. According to a third exemplary aspect of the invention, a mobile terminal for executing communication with a plurality of base stations based on an HSDPA communication mode, includes a reception unit for, when moving from one base station into an area of other base station, receiving an HS-SCCH signal from the base station as a moving destination, a determination unit for determining whether a dummy signal is included in the HS-SCCH signal received by the reception unit, a decoding unit for decoding the HS-SCCH signal up to part 2 information when the determination unit determines that the dummy signal is included, an examination unit for examining CRC included in the part 2 information, and a switching processing unit for switching the base station when the CRC is normal. According to a fourth exemplary aspect of the invention, a communication program on a mobile terminal for executing communication with a plurality of base stations based on an HSDPA communication mode, which causes a computer realizing the mobile terminal to execute processing of receiving an HS-SCCH signal, when moving from one base station into an area of other base station, from the base station as a moving destination, processing of determining whether a dummy signal is included in the HS-SCCH signal received by the reception unit, processing of decoding the HS-SCCH signal up to part 2 information when determining that the dummy signal is included, processing of examining CRC included in the part 2 information, and processing of switching the base station when the CRC is normal.
|
['H04W3600']
|
summary
|
12,480,927
|
[invention] Computer or web applications can be utilized to display information retrieved from a database system. The information may be displayed by the application in a table layout, for example. Typically, an application developer, at the time of design, would develop code to retrieve data from the database and to display the information in a table with designated properties and format. An end user of the application would not have the ability to configure the pre-designated properties or format of the data unless the end user had access to, and the ability to modify, the underlying code.
|
['G06F314' 'G06F1730']
|
background
|
11,146,117
|
[summary] Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a data structure for an application information table, methods of transmitting and receiving a broadcast signal, and a digital television receiver that substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. An object of the present invention is to provide a data structure for an application information table (AIT) which is able to indicate whether a data broadcast application is bound to a broadcast program or independent of any broadcast program. Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a data structure for an application information table (AIT) for use in a broadcasting system, wherein the data structure includes a set of application information associated with a data broadcast application, wherein the set of application information includes a first data field indicating whether the data broadcast application is a program-bound application. In another aspect of the present invention, a method of transmitting a digital broadcast signal in a digital broadcast transmitter includes generating an application information table (AIT) comprising a set of application information associated with a data broadcast application, wherein the set of application information includes a first data field indicating whether the data broadcast application is a program-bound application, and transmitting a digital broadcast signal to at least one digital broadcast receiver, the digital broadcast signal including the application information table (AIT). In another aspect of the present invention, a method of receiving a digital broadcast signal in a digital broadcast receiver includes receiving a digital broadcast signal including an application information table (AIT) from a transmitter, the application information table (AIT) comprising a set of application information associated with a data broadcast application, wherein the set of application information includes a first data field indicating whether the data broadcast application is a program-bound application, and reading the first data field included in the set of application information to determine whether the data broadcast application is bound to a specific broadcast program. In a further aspect of the present invention, a digital television (DTV) receiver includes a tuner configured to receive a digital broadcast signal, a demodulator configured to demodulate the digital broadcast signal, a demultiplexer configured to demultiplex the demodulated signal into audio streams, video streams, and supplemental data streams, and a data processor configured to read an application information table (AIT) from the demultiplexed supplemental data streams, the application information table (AIT) comprising a set of application information associated with a data broadcast application, wherein the set of application information includes a first data field indicating whether the data broadcast application is a program-bound application. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
|
['H04N716' 'H04N712' 'H04N1102' 'H04N1104']
|
summary
|
11,290,982
|
[claim] 1. A method of acquiring a signal in a GPS receiver in a high dynamic environment comprising: generating a first set of acquired signal power values, the first set comprising an acquired signal power value for each Doppler bin in a plurality of Doppler bins over a first predetection integration time (PIT) interval for processing a digital signal; generating a second set of acquired signal power values, the second set comprising an acquired signal power value for each Doppler bin in the plurality of Doppler bins over a second subsequent predetection integration time (PIT) interval for processing the digital signal; generating at least three additional sets of acquired signal power values from the first and the second sets, one of the additional sets of acquired signal power values is a set of summations of the acquired power value for each Doppler bin in the first set of values with the acquired power value for the Doppler bin in the second set of acquired power signal values, another of the additional sets of acquired signal power values correspond to a set of summations of the acquired power value for each Doppler bin in the first set of acquired power values with the acquired power value for the Doppler bin in the second set that precedes the Doppler bin in the first set of acquired power values, and the other of the additional sets of acquired signal power values is a set of summations of the acquired power value for each Doppler bin in the first set of acquired power values with the acquired power value for the Doppler bin in the second set that follows the Doppler bin in the first set of acquired power values; generating a new set of acquired power values by selecting the maximum of the summations for each Doppler bin from the three additional sets; and identifying a Doppler shift for a signal acquisition in response to an acquired power value in the new set of acquired power values being greater than a threshold value. 2. The method of claim 1, the generation of the first and the second sets of acquired power values over the first and the second PIT intervals further comprising: determining an incoherent integration for each Doppler bin. 3. The method of claim 2, the incoherent integration being determined with a circular correlation technique. 4. The method of claim 2, the incoherent integration being determined with a double block zero padding technique. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising: separating the Doppler bins in the plurality of Doppler bins by 1/TI KHz, where TI is a PIT interval. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising: tracking a carrier signal with a Viterbi algorithm/extended Kalman filter (VA/EKF) module; and tracking a code signal with a second extended Kalman filter module. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising: providing output from the VA/EKF module to the second extended Kalman filter module; and providing output from the second extended Kalman filter module to the VA/EKF module. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising: filtering the carrier signal with a square root EKF to enhance the stability of the VA/EKF module. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising: filtering the code signal with a square root EKF to enhance the stability of the second EKF module. 10. A method for tracking signals in a global positioning system comprising: tracking a carrier signal with a first extended Kalman filter (EKF); and tracking a code signal with a second EKF. 11. The tracking method of claim 10 further comprising: operating the first extended EKF with a first integration time; and operating the second EKF with a second integration time. 12. The tracking method of claim 11 further comprising: adaptively adjusting the first integration time; and adaptively adjusting the second integration time. 13. The tracking method of claim 12 further comprising: correcting large carrier errors by re-initializing the first EKF. 14. The tracking method of claim 12 further comprising: correcting large code delay errors by a reacquisition process. 15. The tracking method of claim 12 further comprising: decoding a navigational data message in a weak signal with reference to repeated portions of a navigational message. 16. A receiver for acquiring and tracking signals in a global positioning system comprising: a first extended Kalman filter (EKF); a second EKF; and the output of the first EKF being used by the second EKF for tracking a code signal and the output of the second EKF being used by the first EKF for tracking a carrier signal. 17. The receiver of claim 16 wherein said first and said second EKFs have different integration times. 18. The receiver of claim 17 wherein the integration times for the first and the second EKFs are adaptively adjusted in response to signal level or decoding error rate. 19. The receiver of claim 18 wherein the second EKF uses more than one code delay separation. 20. The receiver of claim 16 wherein the first and the second EKFs are used for acquiring a signal from satellites in a global positioning system and an estimated Doppler shift, Doppler rate, phase, and code delay obtained during acquisition of the signal are used to initialize the first and the second EKFs for tracking of a carrier signal by the first EKF and for tracking of a code signal by the second EKF.
|
['H04L2706' 'G01S514']
|
claim
|
11,245,644
|
[summary] The present invention is a method and apparatus for positioning a read/write head in a hard disk drive. The method comprises providing a disk having a at least one side with a plurality of tracks, where each of the tracks has a servo field with servo bits. The servo bits are read to provide a position signal for positioning a read/write head. The method determines a difference in position between an initial and a subsequent position of the read/write head on a track, where the subsequent location occurs after the read/write head has moved one revolution from the initial position on the track. The initial and subsequent positions are offset laterally. The method generates a compensation signal based on the initial position, the subsequent position and the difference. The position signal and the compensation signal are combined to provide a compensated position signal for positioning the read/write head. Various embodiments are described.
|
['G11B5596']
|
summary
|
10,592,697
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure regulating valve 1. The valve 1 comprises a casing 10 that is closed with a cover 10′ on its upper side. A control diaphragm 2 subdividing the inner region of the casing 10 in a lower chamber 13 and an upper chamber 14 is fixed between the casing 10 and the cover 10′. The upper chamber 14 is connected to the atmosphere via a hole 14′ in the cover 10′, said hole 14′ having a matched cross-section. The lower chamber 13 is connected to a gas inlet 11 in the form of a lateral pipe connection piece. For example, the gas inlet 11 can be connected to the crankcase ventilation line of an associated internal combustion engine (not shown). Furthermore, the lower chamber 14 is connected to a gas outlet 12 which, in the illustrated instance, points down and also has the form of a pipe connection piece. For example, the gas outlet 12 can be connected to the intake section of an associated internal combustion engine. With its upper part, the gas outlet 12 projects into the interior region of the lower chamber 13, where it forms an outflow cross-section 3 in the form of a short pipe connection piece 30. The upward pointing front face of the pipe connection piece 30 forms a stop 31 for the control diaphragm 2 as the latter moves down, that is toward the pipe connection piece 30. A governor spring 5, here in the form of a helical compression spring, is arranged between a lower region of the casing 10 and the bottom side of the control diaphragm 2, said lower region surrounding the pipe connection piece 30. Said spring 5 subjects the control diaphragm to a preloading force acting in upward direction, that is in the opening direction of the pressure regulating valve 1. In its major part, the diaphragm 2 consists of an elastomeric body in which, here, a diaphragm supporting body 23 is inserted. Said diaphragm supporting body 23 is, on the one hand, provided for stiffening the diaphragm 2 in the diaphragm region subjected to the governor spring 5. On the other hand, the diaphragm supporting body 23 comprises a plurality of projections that are protruding from the bottom side of the diaphragm 2 in downward direction and serve to guide and center the governor spring 5 in relation to the diaphragm 2. In this pressure regulating valve 1, a pin 40 is furthermore arranged in the pipe connection piece 30 concentrically thereto, wherein said pin 40 is connected to or formed integrally with the internal perimeter of the pipe connection piece 30 via a plurality of connection blades 41 extending in radial direction. The upper end of the pin 40 forms a preliminary stop 4 that protrudes in an upward direction beyond the stop 31 that is formed at the upper end of the pipe connection piece 30. FIG. 1 shows the pressure regulating valve 1 in its completely open position. In this position, the maximum outflow cross-section 3 through the pipe connection piece 30 is available for the gas, for example the crankcase ventilation gas, flowing through the pressure regulating valve 1. The pressure regulating valve 1 enters this state if the vacuum pressure present in the lower chamber 13 is relatively low. In this state, the control diaphragm 2 is retained in its upper position, as shown in FIG. 1, by the governor spring 5. FIG. 2 shows the pressure regulating valve 1 of FIG. 1, now in a partially closed position. Owing to a higher vacuum pressure in the lower chamber 13, which is caused by the differential pressure between the two chambers 13, 14, the control diaphragm 2 is, in this state, displaced by a certain distance in downward direction, here to that point where the bottom side of the diaphragm 2 bears against the preliminary stop 4. Therein, the diaphragm 2 is deformed in an elastic and flexible manner, in particular in its radially outward marginal region, wherein said diaphragm 2 is, at its fixing edge 20, retained between the casing 10 and the cover 10′ in a sealing manner. FIG. 3 shows the pressure regulating valve 1 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in a completely closed state. This state is achieved once the vacuum pressure present in the lower chamber 13 has increased further. The pressure regulating valve 1 can only reach its closed position, if, owing to the differential pressure between the lower and upper chambers 13, 14, the control diaphragm 2 is also deforming in its central region 21, again in an elastic and flexible manner, until it has assumed the shape shown in FIG. 3. In this state, the bottom side of the diaphragm 2 bears not only against the preliminary stop 4, but also against the stop 31. As a result, the outflow cross-section 3 is now completely closed. In order to move the pressure regulating valve 1 from the state according to FIG. 2 to its state according to FIG. 3, the control diaphragm's 2 own return force, which is necessary to ensure that the diaphragm changes its shape from that shown in FIG. 2 to that shown in FIG. 3, must be overcome in addition to and at the same time with the force of the governor spring 5. With the vacuum pressure in the lower chamber 13 increasing and rising, this allows the pressure regulating valve to achieve a spring characteristic that is stronger than that at the beginning of the adjusting movement of the diaphragm 2 where the latter is only subjected to the governor spring 5. As a result, any premature complete closing of the pressure regulating valve 1, which is undesired in many applications, can, in particular, be prevented without requiring, for example, a second governor spring. FIG. 4 shows a second version of the pressure regulating valve 1; this version corresponds to the executive form of the pressure regulating valve
|
['F16K3112']
|
detailed_description
|
11,995,725
|
[summary] The present invention relates to 3-substituted piperidine derivatives, their preparation, their use as or in pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.
|
['A61K31496' 'C07D40106' 'C07D40114']
|
summary
|
12,003,099
|
Coating composition applicable to nonpolar resin substrate, multilayer coat forming method using the same, and coated resin product [SEP] [abstract] A colored base coating composition includes a chlorinated polyolefin resin grafted with an acrylic component in which the acrylic component has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 60° C. or more and an OH group-containing acrylic resin. The chlorinated polyolefin resin grafted with the acrylic component and the OH group-containing acrylic resin have a mass ratio of nonvolatile matters thereof ranging from 70/30 to 50/50. The colored base coating composition is applied on a substrate made of a nonpolar resin to form a colored base coat, and the coat is dried so that a nonvolatile matter of the coat becomes 70 to 100% by mass. A clear coating composition having a coating viscosity of 15 to 50 mPa·s is applied on the colored base coat to form the clear coat, and the clear coat is irradiated with an active energy ray in an atmosphere having an oxygen content of 5% by mass or less to be cured.
|
['B32B2740' 'C08F248' 'C08L2700']
|
abstract
|
11,204,701
|
[claim] 1. A method of depositing a conductive material in a sub-micron recessed feature formed on a substrate, comprising: depositing a barrier layer over a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate while under a vacuum of the type found in a vacuum chamber; depositing a catalytic layer over the barrier layer without breaking the vacuum; and depositing a conductive material layer over the catalytic layer by electroless deposition. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the barrier layer comprises an element or compound selected from the group consisting of tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaNx), titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiNx), tungsten (W), tungsten nitride (WNx), and combinations thereof. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the barrier layer comprises tantalum (Ta) 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the catalytic layer comprises an element selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh, Au, Ag, Co, and Ni. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the catalytic layer comprises Pd. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the catalytic layer comprises Ru. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the barrier layer is deposited by physical vapor deposition. 8. The method of claim 3 wherein the barrier layer is deposited by physical vapor deposition. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the catalytic layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition. 10. The method of claim 5 wherein the catalytic layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition. 11. The method of claim 8 wherein the catalytic layer is deposited by atomic layer deposition. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein said conductive material layer comprises Cu. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein said depositing steps are performed in accordance with a dual damascene process. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said recessed feature comprises a dual damascene interconnect structure.
|
['H01L2144']
|
claim
|
11,340,384
|
[description] FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a prior art photomask assembly. FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the relationship between partial densification temperature, fracture strength, and inner surface area of dry silica gel articles partially densified at about 1140° C., about 1180° C., about 1220° C., and about 1260° C. for about four hours, prepared using the method of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the relationship between partial densification temperature and permeability of dry silica gel articles to nitrogen and oxygen. These articles were partially densified at about 1140° C., about 1180° C., about 1220° C., and about 1260° C. for about four hours, prepared using the method of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the relationship between partial densification temperature and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a dry silica gel article partially densified at about 1180° C. for about four hours, prepared using the method of the present invention and an aluminum article. FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the relationship between partial densification temperature and the ethanol scavenging capability of dry silica gel articles partially densified at about 1140° C., about 1180° C., about 1220° C., and about 1260° C. for about four hours, prepared using the method of the present
|
['A47G112' 'G03F114' 'G03F100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,414,868
|
[invention] The present disclosure relates to an arm system for supporting a service head having a plurality of service connectors, and more particularly relates to a brake system for use with such an arm system. Hospitals often require a variety of service connectors which are readily accessible to a caregiver and which are in close proximity to a patient supported on a patient support, such as a hospital bed, a stretcher, and the like. Illustratively, such service connectors include medical gas and vacuum outlets, data ports, electrical outlets, telephone jacks, and the like. The service connectors are sometimes supported on a service head, which is, in turn, supported by a horizontal arm which extends outwardly from a support structure such as a wall, a ceiling, or other frame work. A plurality of service delivery lines are routed through the arm and connected to the associated service connectors.
|
['A47H110']
|
background
|
12,617,796
|
[description] One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter. First, a mechanical configuration of a motion assisting device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. A motion assisting device A according to this embodiment reduces load on the legs of a user P by supporting a part of the body weight of the user P. As shown, the motion assisting device A includes a seating portion 1 as an assisting force transmitting portion, a pair of right and left foot attachment portions 2 and 2 attached to the feet of the legs of the user P, and a pair of right and left leg links 3 and 3 respectively connecting the foot attachment portions 2 and 2 to the seating portion 1. The right and left foot attachment portions 2 and 2 have the symmetrically same structure. The right and left leg links 3 and 3 have the symmetrically same structure, too. Each leg link 3 is composed of a thigh frame 5 extended downward from the seating portion 1 through a first joint 4, a crus frame 7 extended upward from each foot attachment portion 2 through a second joint 6, and a third joint 8 bendably connecting the thigh frame 5 and the crus frame 7 in the middle between the first joint 4 and the second joint 6. Further, the motion assisting device A includes an electric actuator 9 which generates a driving force for driving the third joint 8 for each leg link 3 and a power transmission system 10 which transmits the driving force of the electric actuator 9 to the third joint 8 to apply a driving torque around the joint axis to the third joint 8. The seating portion 1 is composed of a saddle-shaped seat 1a, on which the user P sits in a straddling manner (so that the seat 1a is put between the root ends of the legs of the user P), a support frame 1b attached to the lower surface of the seat la, and a hip pad 1c mounted at the rear end portion (a rising portion which rises at the rear of the seat 1a) of the support frame 1b. Further, the hip pad 1c is provided with an arcuate handle 1d which can be grasped by the user P or an attendant. In the seating portion 1 configured as described above, the user P sits on the seat 1a in a straddling manner, by which the top surface of the seat 1a comes in contact with a region (the crotch region) between the root ends of the legs of the user P. In this state, it is possible to apply an upward assisting force (translational force) to the trunk of the user P from the seating portion 1 by biasing the seating portion 1 upward. Although the assisting force transmitting portion is formed by the seating portion 1 having the saddle-shaped seat 1a in this embodiment, the assisting force transmitting portion may be formed by, for example, a harness-shaped flexible member. In the motion assisting device which supports a part of the body weight of the user P, preferably the assisting force transmitting portion includes a portion in contact with the user P between the root ends of the legs in order to apply an upward assisting force (hereinafter, referred to as the lifting force in some cases) to the trunk of the user P. The first joint 4 of each leg link 3 has degrees of freedom of rotation (two degrees of freedom) around two joint axes in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction. More specifically, each first joint 4 includes an arcuate guide rail 11 connected to the seating portion 1. Further, a slider 12 secured to the upper end portion of the thigh frame 5 of each leg link 3 is movably engaged with the guide rail 11 through a plurality of rollers 13 pivotally attached to the slider 12. This enables each leg link 3 to make a swing motion in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal rocking motion) around a first joint axis of the first joint 4, where the first joint axis is a lateral axis passing through a curvature center 4a (See FIG. 2) of the guide rail 11 (more specifically, an axis perpendicular to the plane including the arc of the guide rail 11). Moreover, the guide rail 11 is pivotally supported by the rear end portion (the rising portion) of the support frame 1b of the seating portion 1 through a spindle 4b whose central axis is directed in the longitudinal direction so as to be swingable around the central axis of the spindle 4b. This allows each leg link 3 to make a lateral swing motion around the second joint axis, namely, an adduction/abduction motion, with the central axis of the spindle 4b as the second joint axis of the first joint 4. In this embodiment, the second joint axis of the first joint 4 is a common joint axis between the first joint 4 on the right side and the first joint 4 on the left side. As described above, the first joint 4 is adapted to enable each leg link 3 to make swing motions around two joint axes in the longitudinal direction and in the lateral direction. The number of degrees of freedom of rotation of the first joint is not limited to two. For example, the first joint may be adapted to have degrees of freedom of rotation around three joint axes (three degrees of freedom). Alternatively, for example, the first joint may be adapted to have only a degree of freedom of rotation around one joint axis in the lateral direction (one degree of freedom). Each foot attachment portion 2 has a shoe 2a worn on each foot of the user P and a connection member 2b which projects upward from the inside of the shoe 2a. The foot attachment portion 2
|
['A61H100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,735,518
|
LOCK DEVICE IN AN ARTICULATED JOINT FOR A FOLDABLE LADDER [SEP] [abstract] An articulated joint for a foldable ladder includes an outer casing pair, an inner casing pair pivotally moving with respect to the outer casing pair, a lock device composed of a lock block and a locating pin. The locating pin has a ball end to be slightly squeezed in the locating hole such that the ball end is capable of retained in the locating hole and pivotally joined to the locating hole. The lock block provides triangular prism shaped projections at two opposite long edges of the bottom side of the lock block. Hence, the lock block can move along the guide slot of the outer casing shells steadily and be pivotally joined to fixing pin without loosening apart from each other.
|
['F16C1100']
|
abstract
|
11,938,624
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a protecting fence and its positioning member, particularly to one that is made of engineering plastics with a high resistance to impact, able to be quickly built. 2. Description of the Prior Art Commonly, as shown in FIG. 1 , conventional protecting fences 1 located along two sides of roads are made of metal, provided with fastening holes 10 for being inserted with bolts 13 to keep the protecting fences 1 fixed together with fence posts 11 and buffer blocks 12 . As the single metallic protecting fence 1 is made with a limited length, so there are many connecting points to be handled, posing not only an increase of manpower to advance cost, but also lengthen constructing time. The fence post 11 is usually made of concrete, metal or lumber. Among them, concrete is acknowledged as the most ideal one because it is far from corrosion. However, in order to make the fence post 11 more resistant to impact, the buffer block 12 has to be sandwiched between the protecting fence 1 and the fence post 11 by fastening with the bolt 13 . But, the conventional protecting fences have disadvantages as described below. 1. As the protecting fence 1 is made of metal with a lack of elasticity, it is easy to be bent or broken to potentially harm a car or persons in the car if collided by a car. In addition, as the metal is uneasy to be adhered with reflective sheets or decorations, it is always coated with reflective paint if necessary. However, the reflective paint is as well to gradually age to peel off in exposure to sunlight and rain, losing its reflective warning effect. 2. The buffer blocks 12 are mostly made of lumber that is to be rotten under exposure to sunlight and rain, thus having to be replaced with new ones after a certain period of time. 3. As the protecting fences 1 must be assembled together with the buffer blocks 12 and the fence posts 11 while constructing, a lot of manpower is needed to pose high labor cost and a long constructing period of time may be needed.
|
['E04H1714']
|
background
|
12,564,818
|
[claim] 1. A method of preventing over-discharge of a lithium-ion battery, comprising: providing a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; providing a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a second active material; and providing an auxiliary electrode comprising a current collector and a third active material, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured for repeated selective electrical connection to the negative electrode when a predetermined condition is met; the first active material, the second active material, and the third active material being configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium ions, and the third active material exhibiting charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition comprises the potential of the negative electrode exceeding the potential of the auxiliary electrode by a predetermined value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition comprises a difference between the voltage of the negative electrode and the positive electrode falling below a predetermined value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode comprises connecting the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode using a diode. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode comprises connecting the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode using a switch. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to the negative electrode further comprises using a control circuit to send a signal to the switch. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising electrically disconnecting the auxiliary electrode from the negative electrode when a second predetermined condition is met. 8. A method of preventing over-discharge of a lithium-ion battery, comprising: providing a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; providing a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a second active material; and providing an auxiliary electrode comprising a current collector and a third active material, wherein the auxiliary electrode is configured for repeated selective electrical connection to the positive electrode when a predetermined condition is met; the first active material, the second active material, and the third active material being configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium ions, and the third active material exhibiting charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined condition comprises a difference between the voltage of the negative electrode and the positive electrode falling below a predetermined value. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined condition comprises a difference between the voltage of the negative electrode and the positive electrode exceeding a predetermined value. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to the positive electrode comprises connecting the auxiliary electrode to the positive electrode using a diode. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to the positive electrode comprises connecting the auxiliary electrode to the positive electrode using a switch. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to the positive electrode further comprises using a control circuit to send a signal to the switch. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising electrically disconnecting the auxiliary electrode from the positive electrode when a second predetermined condition is met. 15. A method of preventing over-discharge of a battery used while treating a medical condition of a patient comprising: providing a medical device; providing a battery in electrical contact with the medical device, the battery comprising: a positive electrode comprising a current collector and a first active material; a negative electrode comprising a current collector and a second active material; and an auxiliary electrode comprising a current collector and a third active material, the auxiliary electrode configured for repeated, selective electrical connection to at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to at least one of the negative electrode or the positive electrode when a predetermined condition is met; the first active material, the second active material, and the third active material being configured to allow doping and undoping of lithium ions; and the third active material exhibiting charging and discharging capacity below a corrosion potential of the current collector of the negative electrode and above a decomposition potential of the first active material. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the predetermined condition comprises the potential of the negative electrode exceeding the potential of the auxiliary electrode by a predetermined value. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the predetermined condition comprises a difference between the voltage of the negative electrode and the positive electrode falling below a predetermined value. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of electrically connecting the auxiliary electrode to at least one of the negative electrode or the positive electrode further comprises connecting the auxiliary electrode to at least one of the negative electrode or the positive electrode using at least one of a diode or a switch. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising electrically disconnecting the auxiliary electrode from the negative electrode or the positive electrode when a second predetermined condition is met. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of implanting at least a portion of the medical device in the patient, and further comprising a step of charging the battery without removing the implanted portion of the medical device from the patient.
|
['A61N108' 'H01M600']
|
claim
|
11,487,396
|
[claim] 1. A brake control apparatus comprising: a master cylinder adapted to produce a fluid pressure in accordance with a state of a brake operating device; a wheel cylinder set adapted to produce a braking effort to a road wheel set of a vehicle in accordance with a fluid pressure; a brake unit; a first fluid line set hydraulically connecting the master cylinder to the brake unit; and a second fluid line set hydraulically connecting the wheel cylinder set to the brake unit, the brake unit comprising: a first port set hydraulically connected to the master cylinder via the first fluid line set; a second port set hydraulically connected to the wheel cylinder set via the second fluid line set; a first fluid passage hydraulically connecting the first port set to the second port set; a first switching valve arranged to vary a state of fluid communication through the first fluid passage; a fluid pressure source arranged to produce a fluid pressure supplied to the second port set; a fluid accommodating section adapted to accommodate a variable amount of brake fluid; a branch fluid passage hydraulically connecting the first port set to the fluid accommodating section; and a second switching valve arranged to vary a state of fluid communication through the branch fluid passage. 2. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure source comprises: a motor; and a pump driven by the motor to produce a fluid pressure in the portion of the first fluid passage between the first switching valve and the second port set, and wherein the brake unit includes a first lateral face where the motor and the fluid accommodating section are mounted. 3. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the brake unit further comprises a circuit board electrically connected to the motor, the first switching valve, and the second switching valve, and wherein the brake unit includes a second lateral face opposed to the first lateral face where the first switching valve, the second switching valve, and the circuit board are mounted. 4. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the second switching valve is mounted on a point of the second lateral face where the fluid accommodating section is orthogonally projected on the second lateral face. 5. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the brake unit further comprises an insulator adapted to be secured to the vehicle, and wherein the insulator is mounted on the first lateral face. 6. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the motor includes a plurality of portions each defining a bolt hole arranged around its periphery, and wherein the motor is bolted to the first lateral face in such a manner that the plurality of portions each defining a bolt hole are located away from a periphery of the fluid accommodating section. 7. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fluid accommodating section includes a plurality of portions each defining a bolt hole arranged around its periphery, and wherein the fluid accommodating section is bolted to the first lateral face in such a manner that at least one of the plurality of portions each defining a bolt hole is located in a corner portion of the first lateral face. 8. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure source comprises: a motor; and a pump driven by the motor to produce a fluid pressure in the portion of the first fluid passage between the first switching valve and the second port set, and wherein the branch fluid passage and the fluid accommodating section are arranged on a side of a rotation axis of the motor closer to the first port set. 9. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fluid accommodating section is arranged in a position that is above the motor when the brake control apparatus is mounted on the vehicle, wherein the brake unit further comprises an insulator adapted to be secured to the vehicle, and wherein the insulator is mounted in a position that is in a lower portion of the brake unit when the brake control apparatus is mounted on the vehicle. 10. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the branch fluid passage and the fluid accommodating section are arranged in a corner portion of the brake unit. 11. The brake control apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a brake operating state measuring section configured to measure the state of the brake operating device; and a brake-by-wire control section configured to perform the following: shutting the first switching valve when a predetermined condition is satisfied; computing a target wheel cylinder pressure in accordance with the measured state of the brake operating device; and outputting a control signal to the first switching valve, the second switching valve, and the fluid pressure source in such a manner to provide the target wheel cylinder pressure to the wheel cylinder set. 12. A brake control apparatus comprising: a brake unit adapted to be arranged in a brake line system, the brake unit comprising: a first port set adapted to be hydraulically connected to an upstream portion of the brake line system via a first fluid line set; a second port set hydraulically connected to a downstream portion of the brake line system via a second fluid line set; a first fluid passage hydraulically connecting the first port set to the second port set; a first switching valve arranged to vary a state of fluid communication through the first fluid passage; a fluid pressure source arranged to produce a fluid pressure supplied to the second port set; a fluid accommodating section adapted to accommodate a variable amount of brake fluid; a branch fluid passage hydraulically connecting the first port set to the fluid accommodating section; and a second switching valve arranged to vary a state of fluid communication through the branch fluid
|
['B60T836']
|
claim
|
11,179,086
|
[summary] A method and apparatus for manufacturing a flat panel display which may resolve the above-mentioned problems and significantly decrease the mask-change time are provided. An exemplary system for manufacturing a flat panel display according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first mask loading/unloading part for loading or unloading at least one mask; a main mask-stage for receiving the mask; a first mask-transferer for transferring the mask from the first mask loading/unloading part onto the main mask-stage; a second mask loading/unloading part positioned apart from the first mask loading/unloading part by a predetermined distance; and a second mask-transferer for transferring the mask from the second mask loading/unloading part onto the main mask-stage. In a further embodiment according to the present invention, the system further includes: a first assistant mask-stage positioned between the main mask-stage and the first mask loading/unloading part; and a second assistant mask-stage positioned between the main mask-stage and the second mask loading/unloading part. In another further embodiment according to the present invention, the system further includes: a shuttle or a Linear Motion (LM) guider respectively positioned between the main mask-stage and the first assistant mask-stage, and between the main mask-stage and the second assistant mask-stage. In another further embodiment according to the present invention, the system further includes: a substrate fixer positioned below the main mask-stage and apart therefrom by a predetermined distance; a plurality of substrate loading/unloading parts for loading or unloading the substrate; and a substrate-transferer for transferring a substrate from a selected substrate loading/unloading part of the substrate loading/unloading parts onto the substrate fixer or transferring the substrate from the substrate fixer onto the selected substrate loading/unloading part. In another further embodiment according to the present invention, the system further includes: first and second substrate fixers respectively positioned below the first and second assistant mask-stages and apart therefrom by a predetermined distance; first and second substrate loading/unloading parts for loading or unloading the substrate; and first and second substrate-transferers for respectively transferring a substrate from the first and the second substrate loading/unloading parts onto the first and the second substrate fixers or respectively transferring the substrate from the first and the second substrate fixers onto the first and the second substrate loading/unloading parts. In another further embodiment according to the present invention, the first and second substrate fixers move horizontally. An exemplary method for manufacturing a flat panel display according to an embodiment of the present invention includes; transferring a first mask from a first mask loading/unloading part onto a main mask-stage by a first mask-transferer; transferring a second mask from a second mask loading/unloading part onto a second assistant mask-stage by a second mask-transferer; performing an exposure process for a predetermined time by the first mask on the main mask-stage; transferring the first mask from the main mask-stage onto the first assistant mask-stage, and transferring a second mask from the second assistant mask-stage onto the main mask-stage, after completing the exposure process for the predetermined time; and performing an exposure process using the second mask on the main mask-stage for a predetermined time. In a further embodiment according to the present invention, the first mask and second masks have a same pattern. In another further embodiment according to the present invention, the method further includes: transferring the first mask from the first assistant mask-stage onto the first mask loading/unloading part by the first mask-transferer; transferring a third mask from the first mask loading/unloading part onto the first assistant mask-stage by the first mask-transferer; transferring the second mask from the main mask-stage onto the second assistant mask-stage, and transferring the third mask from the first assistant mask-stage onto the main mask-stage, after completing the exposure process for the predetermined time by the second mask; and performing an exposure process using the third mask on the main mask-stage for a predetermined time. In another further embodiment according to the present invention, the exposure process includes: transferring a substrate from a selected substrate loading/unloading part of the substrate loading/unloading parts onto a substrate fixer by a substrate-transferer; exposing the substrate by the first mask of the main mask-stage; and transferring the exposed substrate from the substrate fixer onto the selected substrate loading/unloading part. In another further embodiment according to the present invention, the exposure process includes: transferring a substrate from a first substrate loading/unloading part onto a first substrate fixer, positioned to a lower side of the fist assistant mask-stage, by a substrate-transferer; moving the first substrate fixer such that the substrate is positioned to a lower side of the main mask-stage; exposing the substrate by the first mask of the main mask-stage; and transferring the exposed substrate from the first substrate fixer onto the first substrate loading/unloading part.
|
['G03B2762']
|
summary
|
12,520,776
|
DEVICE FOR FIXING DRIVE ELEMENTS [SEP] [abstract] A device for use in a window hoisting device includes a base element and a drum that can be connected to the base element. A drive element can be wound around the drum such that ends of the drive element protrude from the drum. The device includes at least one securing element that is configured to secure an end of the drive element.
|
['E05F1138' 'E06B300']
|
abstract
|
12,504,932
|
[claim] 1. A head assembly for a pulverized coal nozzle, the head assembly comprising: a pipe elbow including an inlet port and an outlet port; a turning vane disposed within the pipe elbow, the turning vane being angled relative to the inlet port and the outlet port to redirect a stream of air and pulverized coal particles from the inlet port toward the outlet port; and a coal rope-breaking vane disposed within the pipe elbow, the coal rope breaking vane being pivotable about an axis to adjust an angle of the coal rope-breaking vane relative to the stream of air and pulverized coal particles from the inlet port. 2. The head assembly of claim 1, wherein a portion of the coal rope breaking vane extends through the pipe elbow to allow the coal rope breaking vane to be adjusted while the pulverized coal particles flow through the head assembly. 3. The head assembly of claim 1, wherein the turning vane is pivotable to adjust an angle of the turning vane relative to the stream of air and pulverized coal particles from the inlet port. 4. The head assembly of claim 3, wherein the turning vane is adjustable while the pulverized coal particles flow through the head assembly. 5. The head assembly of claim 1, wherein the pipe elbow further includes: an access port, and a removable cover over the access port, wherein the coal rope breaking vane is pivotally attached to the removable cover. 6. The head assembly of claim 5, wherein a portion of the coal rope breaking vane extends through the access port to allow the coal rope breaking vane to be adjusted while the pulverized coal particles flow through the head assembly. 7. The head assembly of claim 5, wherein the turning vane is attached to the removable cover, thereby allowing the turning vane and coal rope-breaking vane to be removed with the removable cover. 8. The head assembly of claim 7, further comprising: a support vane disposed between the removable cover and the turning vane to attach the turning vane to the removable cover. 9. The head assembly of claim 1, wherein the turning vane is one of two or more turning vanes disposed in the pipe elbow. 10. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, wherein the coal rope-breaking vane is one of two or more coal rope breaking vanes disposed within the pipe elbow. 11. The nozzle assembly of claim 1, wherein: the turning vane is one of two or more turning vanes disposed in the pipe elbow; and the coal rope-breaking vane is one of two or more coal rope breaking vanes disposed within the pipe elbow. 12. A pulverized coal nozzle comprising: a nozzle tip; a head assembly; and a fuel feed pipe extending between the nozzle tip and the head assembly, wherein the head assembly comprises: a pipe elbow including an inlet port and an outlet port, the outlet port being coupled to the fuel feed pipe, a turning vane disposed within the pipe elbow, the turning vane being angled relative to the inlet port and the outlet port to redirect a stream of air and pulverized coal particles from the inlet port toward the outlet port, and a coal rope-breaking vane disposed within the pipe elbow, the coal rope breaking vane being pivotable about an axis to adjust an angle of the coal rope-breaking vane relative to the stream of air and pulverized coal particles from the inlet port. 13. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein a portion of the coal rope breaking vane extends through the pipe elbow to allow the coal rope breaking vane to be adjusted while the pulverized coal particles flow through the head assembly. 14. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein the pipe elbow further includes: an access port, and a removable cover over the access port, wherein the coal rope breaking vane is pivotally attached to the removable cover. 15. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 14, wherein a portion of the coal rope breaking vane extends through the access port to allow the coal rope breaking vane to be adjusted while the pulverized coal particles flow through the head assembly. 16. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 14, wherein the turning vane is attached to the removable cover, thereby allowing the turning vane and coal rope breaking vane to be removed with the removable cover. 17. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 16, further comprising: a support vane disposed between the removable cover and the turning vane to attach the turning vane to the removable cover. 18. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein the turning vane is one of two or more turning vanes disposed in the pipe elbow. 19. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein the coal rope breaking vane is one of two or more coal rope breaking vanes disposed within the pipe elbow. 20. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein: the turning vane is one of two or more turning vanes disposed in the pipe elbow; and the coal rope-breaking vane is one of two or more coal rope breaking vanes disposed within the pipe elbow. 21. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein an end of the fuel feed pipe forms the nozzle tip. 22. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, further comprising: a means for adjusting a flame associated with the nozzle assembly, the means including a rod extending through the head assembly and along a centerline of the fuel feed pipe. 23. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein the turning vane is pivotable to adjust an angle of the turning vane relative to the stream of air and pulverized coal particles from the inlet port. 24. The pulverized coal nozzle of claim 12, wherein the turning vane is adjustable while the pulverized coal particles flow through the head assembly. 25. A head assembly for a pulverized coal nozzle, the head assembly comprising: a pipe elbow
|
['F23D100' 'B05B126']
|
claim
|
12,434,222
|
[summary] There is a need in the art for a minimally invasive procedure for performing blepharoplasty in the area below the eye. It is an object of an embodiment of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method of using lasers to treat the fat pads below the eye. It is another object of an embodiment of the present invention to provide a method of treating the fat pads below the eye in a manner requiring a short recovery period. It is a further object of an embodiment of the present invention to utilize laser energy to remove fat from the fat pads below the eye and provide skin tightening. A laser is used to both remove fat and alter the collagen in the skin under the eye. Precisely controlling the heat rise in the dermis is critical to not only the fat removal and alteration of the collagen but also to prevent damage to surrounding tissue. The denatured collagen results in tightening of the skin, further enhancing the benefits of the procedure. The fat is removed by melting or vaporizing the fat deposits, depending on the laser strength. The method is minimally invasive with a short recovery time. The application of external laser energy in addition to the application under the skin further enhances the skin tightening effect Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
|
['A61B1820']
|
summary
|
11,854,466
|
[description] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail. The same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. Detailed descriptions of well-known functions and structures incorporated herein may be omitted to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. A digital broadcast receiver for using a fast switching method and apparatus of the present invention can be implemented with a digital broadcast receive function, mobile communication function, camera function, and information process function. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a digital broadcast receiver for using a fast switching method and apparatus according to the present invention. By way of example, the digital broadcast receiver described herein is a DVB-H-based digital broadcast receiver. Referring to FIG. 1, the digital broadcast receiver includes a controller 100, tuner 110, broadcast data demodulator 120, broadcast data storage 130, broadcast data decoder 140, display 150, speaker 155, memory unit 160, and keypad 170. The controller 100 controls the overall operations of the digital broadcast receiver. The keypad 170 generates key signals according to a user's key manipulation and transfers the key signals to the controller 100. The keypad 170 allows a user to input commands for channel selection, channel switching, playback, etc. The controller 100 is provided with a channel switching controller for switching service channels and an ESG manager for receiving ESG, determining the expiration of the ESG, and updating the ESG if required. The memory unit 160 includes a program memory for storing software programs for controlling the operations of the digital broadcast receiver and a data memory for storing the data generated while the software programs operate. The program memory stores programs for buffering signals in the adjacent channel so as to facilitate the channel switching. The controller 100 analyzes the key signal input through the keypad 170 to control the operation of the digital broadcast receiver. The controller 100 controls the operation modes, i.e. playback, recording, channel selection, and channel switching. The tuner 110 sets a physical frequency channel for the service channel selected by the user under the control of the controller 100 so as to receive the broadcast signals through the physical channel. The broadcast data demodulator 120 demodulates the broadcast signals received through the tuner 110. The broadcast data demodulator 120 can modulate broadcast signals received through a plurality of service channels of the physical frequency channel. The broadcast data storage 130 buffers the broadcast signals received through a current service channel and other service channels adjacent to the current service channel. The broadcast data decoder 140 decodes the broadcast signals of the current service channel into the broadcast data. The broadcast data decoder 140 includes a video decoder and audio decoder for separately decoding video signals and audio signals contained in the broadcast signals for output through the display 150 and the speaker 155, respectively. The broadcast data demodulator 120 and the broadcast data decoder 140 can be adaptively implemented according to the digital broadcasting system. The digital broadcasting can be classified into DMB and DVB systems, and the DVB is classified into DVB-terrestrial (DVB-T) and DVB-handheld (DVB-H). The broadcast data of the DMB and DVB systems are structured in the form of Motion Picture Experts Group 2 transport stream (MPEG2-TS), and the MPEG2-TS format is implemented as a packet stream, each packet having a packet header and a payload. The packet header contains a packet identifier (PID) for distinguishing the service channels such that the digital broadcast receiver chooses a service channel using the PID information. The payload is filled with the broadcast data in the DMB and DVB-T system, but with IP information and broadcast data in the DVB-H. In the cases of DVB-T and DMB, the broadcast data demodulator 120 is implemented with a demodulator for the service channel data, and the broadcast data decoder 140 is implemented with a demultiplexer, and video and audio decoders. In the case of DVB-H, however, the broadcast data demodulator 120 includes a demodulator for service channel data, PID filter for selecting the service channel data selected by the user, and demodulation controllers for controlling the operations of the demodulator and the tuner 110 under the controller 100. Also, the broadcast data decoder 140 has a protocol processing unit for supporting protocols including IP, and video and audio decoders. The digital broadcast receiver according to the present invention buffers the signals of contiguous channels of the current service channel or preset channels and starts playback, upon selecting a channel, of the selected channel through the channel switching, whereby it is possible to reduce the channel switching delay. That is, the digital broadcast receiver buffers contiguous or preset channels of the current service channel while playing signals of the current service channel so as to switch the service channels seamlessly. The service channel buffering can be implemented in various manners. In one implementation, if the current channel is changed by the channel switching, the channels to be buffered are automatically set. By adopting the above channel switching method, the channel switching delay can be dramatically reduced when the user selects another channel while watching a current service channel or selects adjacent channels one-by-one, since the buffered signals of the selected channel can be output without any time delay. FIGS. 2A through 2F are diagrams illustrating a data format of a service channel in the DVB-H system. As shown in FIGS. 2A through 2F, the DVB-H data are structured in the form of MPEG2-TS. The total length of each TS packet is 188 bytes consisting of a 4-byte packet header and an 184-byte payload. The packet header includes information on a packet sync and PID. The PID is a channel identifier and can be used for identifying data contained in the payload. The payload consists of multi protocol encapsulation (MPE) sections. Each MPE section includes a table identifier (table_ID), MPE forward error correction (MPE-FEC) information for correcting errors of the
|
['G06F1300' 'H04N5445']
|
detailed_description
|
12,345,828
|
[description] The following description is of the best embodiments presently contemplated for carrying out this invention. This description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of this invention and is not meant to limit the inventive concepts claimed herein. Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a disk drive 100 embodying this invention. As shown in FIG. 1, at least one rotatable magnetic disk 112 is supported on a spindle 114 and rotated by a disk drive motor 118. The magnetic recording on each disk is in the form of annular patterns of concentric data tracks (not shown) on the magnetic disk 112. At least one slider 113 is positioned near the magnetic disk 112, each slider 113 supporting one or more magnetic head assemblies 121. As the magnetic disk rotates, slider 113 moves radially in and out over the disk surface 122 so that the magnetic head assembly 121 may access different tracks of the magnetic disk where desired data are written. Each slider 113 is attached to an actuator arm 119 by way of a suspension 115. The suspension 115 provides a slight spring force which biases slider 113 against the disk surface 122. Each actuator arm 119 is attached to an actuator means 127. The actuator means 127 as shown in FIG. 1 may be a voice coil motor (VCM). The VCM comprises a coil movable within a fixed magnetic field, the direction and speed of the coil movements being controlled by the motor current signals supplied by controller 129. During operation of the disk storage system, the rotation of the magnetic disk 112 generates an air bearing between the slider 113 and the disk surface 122 which exerts an upward force or lift on the slider. The air bearing thus counter-balances the slight spring force of suspension 115 and supports slider 113 off and slightly above the disk surface by a small, substantially constant spacing during normal operation. The various components of the disk storage system are controlled in operation by control signals generated by control unit 129, such as access control signals and internal clock signals. Typically, the control unit 129 comprises logic control circuits, storage means and a microprocessor. The control unit 129 generates control signals to control various system operations such as drive motor control signals on line 123 and head position and seek control signals on line 128. The control signals on line 128 provide the desired current profiles to optimally move and position slider 113 to the desired data track on disk 112. Write and read signals are communicated to and from write and read heads 121 by way of recording channel 125. With reference to FIG. 2, the orientation of the magnetic head 121 in a slider 113 can be seen in more detail. FIG. 2 is an ABS view of the slider 113, and as can be seen the magnetic head including an inductive write head and a read sensor, is located at a trailing edge of the slider. The above description of a typical magnetic disk storage system, and the accompanying illustration of FIG. 1 are for representation purposes only. It should be apparent that disk storage systems may contain a large number of disks and actuators, and each actuator may support a number of sliders. With reference now to FIG. 3, the invention can be embodied in a magnetic head 302. The magnetic head 302 includes a read head 304 and a write head 306. The read head 304 includes a magnetoresistive sensor 308, which can be a GMR, TMR, or some other type of sensor. The magnetoresistive sensor 308 is located between first and second magnetic shields 310, 312. The write head 306 includes a magnetic write pole 314 and a magnetic return pole 316. The write pole 314 can be formed upon a magnetic shaping layer 320, and a magnetic back gap layer 318 magnetically connects the write pole 314 and shaping layer 320 with the return pole 316 in a region removed from the air bearing surface (ABS). A write coil 322 (shown in cross section in FIG. 3) passes between the write pole and shaping layer 314, 320 and the return pole 316, and may also pass above the write pole 314 and shaping layer 320. The write coil 322 can be a helical coil or can be one or more pancake coils. The write coil 322 can be formed upon an insulation layer 324 and can be embedded in a coil insulation layer 326 such as alumina and or hard baked photoresist. In operation, when an electrical current flows through the write coil 322. A resulting magnetic field causes a magnetic flux to flow through the return pole 316, back gap 318, shaping layer 320 and write pole 314. This causes a magnetic write field to be emitted from the tip of the write pole 314 toward a magnetic medium 332. The write pole 314 has a cross section at the ABS that is much smaller than the cross section of the return pole 316 at the ABS. Therefore, the magnetic field emitting from the write pole 314 is sufficiently dense and strong that it can write a data bit to a magnetically hard top layer 330 of the magnetic medium 332. The magnetic flux then flows through a magnetically softer under-layer 334, and returns back to the return pole 316, where it is sufficiently spread out and weak that it does not erase the data bit recorded by the write pole 314. A magnetic pedestal 336 may be provided at the air bearing surface ABS and attached to the return pole 316 to prevent stray magnetic fields from the write coil 322 from affecting the magnetic signal recorded to the medium 332. In order to increase write field gradient, and therefore increase the speed with which the write head 306 can write data, a trailing, wrap-around magnetic shield 338 can be provided. The trailing, wrap-around magnetic shield 338
|
['C25D502' 'B44C122' 'C23C1404']
|
detailed_description
|
11,447,439
|
[claim] 1. A composition for applying a colorant to a surface, the composition comprising: a liquid and a colorant, wherein the composition is formulated to be applied in an effective amount to a nylon test carpet and to substantially dry to form particles greater than about 1 micron in size attached thereto, and upon vacuuming of the nylon test carpet resulting in a ΔE of about 20 or less. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises particles of which about 90% by volume or more have a size between about 1 micron to about 100 microns. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises an additive, a liquid carrier, and at least one of a thermoplastic polymer or a thermoset polymer. 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the at least one of the thermoplastic polymer or the thermoset polymer comprises at least one of a saturated polyester, an unsaturated polyester, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, a polyurethane, a styrene-acrylate, or an acrylic. 5. The composition of claim 3, wherein the at least one of the thermoplastic polymer or the thermoset polymer has a melting point of about 260° C. or less. 6. The composition of claim 3, wherein the at least one of the thermoplastic polymer or the thermoset polymer has a melting point less than a melting point of the surface. 7. The composition of claim 3, wherein the additive comprises at least one of a surfactant, an odor eliminating agent, an odor absorbing agent, a bactericide, a miticide, an insecticide, a pesticide, or a fungicide. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the particle comprises a reactive toner. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the reactive toner comprises a powder toner. 10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the powder toner comprises particles of which about 90% by volume or more have a size of less than about 100 microns. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises at least one substantially homogeneous décor particle, a first additive, and a liquid carrier, and wherein the décor particle comprises a second additive, the colorant, and at least one of an epoxy resin and a curative, an epoxy resin, an acid-terminated polyester resin, and a accelerant, or an acid-terminated polyester resin and a curative. 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the composition is in a formulation comprising at least one of a liquid, an emulsion, a dispersion, a solution, or a colloid. 13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is synthesized using at least one of a polyester polymerization, a latex aggregation, a chemical milling, a microencapsulation, a molecular synthesis, or a physical blend. 14. A kit for applying a design to a surface, the kit comprising: the composition of claim 1; a design device comprising a barrier layer, an absorbent material, and a solid support layer for securement to a surface; and an optional set of instructions. 15. The kit of claim 14, wherein the composition is formulated to be substantially affixed to the surface by at least one of chemical curing or mechanical bonding and further formulated to be substantially removable from the surface before the composition is affixed thereto. 16. The kit of claim 14 further comprising at least one of an application device, an affixing device, an iron screen, a protective covering, a design aid, or a system to at least one of identify, choose, make, modify, or prepare the surface on which the composition is to be applied. 17. A décor product composition, comprising: at least one substantially homogeneous décor particle comprising a first additive, a colorant, and at least one of (a) an epoxy resin and a curative, (b) an epoxy resin, an acid-terminated polyester resin, and a accelerant, or (c) an acid-terminated polyester resin and a curative; a second additive; and a liquid carrier; wherein the décor product composition is formulated to be substantially affixed to a surface by applying energy to the décor product composition and substantially removed from the surface before the décor product composition is substantially affixed thereto, wherein the décor product composition has a viscosity of about 2000 centipoises or less, and wherein the décor product may be substantially affixed to the surface by heating to a temperature of about 150° C. or less for about 15 minutes or less. 18. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein the epoxy resin comprises at least one of: an epoxy equivalent weight of about 650 to about 900; a glass transition temperature from about 45° C. to about 75° C.; and an ICI cone and plate viscosity at 150° C. of about 5 to about 100 poises. 19. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein the acid-terminated polyester comprises: an acid number range of about 30 to about 90; a combining weight of about 1400 to about 1900; a glass transition temperature from about 45° C. to about 70° C.; and an ICI cone and plate viscosity at 200° C. of about 15 to about 50 poises. 20. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein about 90% by volume or more of the décor particles have a size between about 1 micron to about 100 microns. 21. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein the epoxy resin to curative ratio ranges from about 82-84 to about 18-16. 22. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein the epoxy resin to acid-terminated polyester ratio ranges from about 45-55 to about 55-45. 23. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein the acid-terminated polyester resin to curative ratio ranges from about 90-95 to about 10-5. 24. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein the décor particle, on a weight percentage basis, comprises: about 40% to about 55% of an epoxy resin; about 5% to about 15% of a curative; about 8% to about 42% of a colorant; and about 0.5% to about 35% of an additive. 25. The décor product composition of claim 17, wherein the
|
['C09B6700']
|
claim
|
12,154,166
|
Soft tissue impact assessment device and system [SEP] [abstract] An embodiment of the invention is a soft tissue impact assessment device. The device includes a skin that is shaped or moldable to a human-like form. A positional force or pressure sensor within the skin measures force or pressure and location of impact or contact with the skin and provides data regarding the force or pressure and location of impact or contact with the skin. In preferred embodiments, the skin includes a top layer made of a material and thickness that simulates the protection provided by particular human skin to underlying tissue. A pressure or force sensor sheet closely contacts the top layer in a manner that avoids any substantial movement between the top layer and the pressure or force sensor sheet during a range of anticipated force or pressure conditions to be experienced by the human surrogate during testing. A lining layer is suitable to be in close contact with a surface of a human like form. A preferred method for assessing potential for soft tissue injuries is implemented in software and includes accepting victim or human subject soft tissue injury data being assessed and comparing it to a database including objective data to determine compatibility between the stated cause of event and resulting soft tissue injuries. The database in preferred embodiments includes information organized by category of potentially injurious events, human age, and objective data relating magnitude of force or pressure, and location of impact(s) or contact(s) relative to various body regions.
|
['G01B310']
|
abstract
|
11,360,511
|
[summary] However, the apparatus disclosed in the reference literature mentioned above does not achieve high cooling efficiency since the air within the cabin is cooled with a conventional cooling unit that is not designed to counter the adverse effect of a temperature increase attributable to the air inside the instrument panel. It would be desirable to provide an automotive ventilation apparatus that comprises an air-conditioning flow path forming device that forms an air-conditioning flow path through which inside air or outside air is taken in and blown into a cabin as a blower fan operates, a ventilation flow path forming device that forms a ventilation flow path through which air having been present in a space behind an instrument panel is drawn and discharged to the outside of the cabin as the blower fan is engaged in operation, and a flow path switching device that forms a ventilation flow path without forming the air-conditioning flow path in a ventilation mode and forms the air-conditioning flow path without forming the ventilation flow path in a mode other than the ventilation mode. It would also be desirable to provide an automotive ventilation apparatus that comprises an air-conditioning fan, an air-conditioning flow path forming member that forms an air-conditioning flow path through which inside air or outside air is taken in and guided to an outlet directly facing a space inside a cabin as the air-conditioning fan operates, a communication port that communicates between an internal space behind an instrument panel and the air-conditioning flow path located upstream of the air-conditioning fan, an air discharge flow path forming member that forms an air discharge flow path branching from the air-conditioning flow path located downstream of the air-conditioning fan and extends to the outside of the cabin, and a flow path switching device that opens both the communication port and the air discharge flow path and closes the air-conditioning path extending from the air-conditioning fan to the outlet in a ventilation mode and closes both the communication port and the air discharge flow path in a mode other than the ventilation mode. It would be desirable to provide an automotive ventilation method in which a ventilation flow path, through which air in an internal space behind an instrument panel is discharged to the outside of a cabin as a blower fan operates is formed in a ventilation mode without forming an air-conditioning flow path for blowing inside air or outside air into the cabin, and the air-conditioning flow path is formed without forming the ventilation flow path in a mode other than the ventilation mode.
|
['F24F700' 'B60H100']
|
summary
|
11,173,709
|
[summary] In view of the deficiencies identified above, it is desirable to have an easier and more efficient manner of alerting a dental professional of the cycle time or the relative depth. The present invention addresses these and other limitations of the prior art. The present invention relates to a control system having a built-in voice alert system for alerting a dental professional of the time, depth or stage in a dental procedure. The dental procedures may include dental restoration, dental whitening and root canal procedures. The control system may also include a headphone or other private listening device, for example, so that only the dental professional will receive the voice alert. In one aspect, the private listening device may be a wireless listening device such as a wireless radio channeling device or an infrared channeling device. In one embodiment of the invention, a dental light system includes a built-in electronic voice alerting system to alert the dental professional of the completion of a dental procedure. In one aspect, the light includes system a dental curing light. In another aspect, the light system includes a dental whitening light system. In another embodiment of the invention, an apex locator includes a built-in electronic voice alerting system to alert the dental professional of the relative position of a root canal apex in relationship to the depth of reach during a root canal procedure. In yet another embodiment of the invention, a lip retracting device includes a built-in electronic voice alerting system to alert the dental professional of the completion of an in office dental whitening procedure that may or may not utilize a light source. In one aspect, the electronic voice alerting system utilizes an electronic voice generating circuit technology, similar to the technology used in electronic devices such as toys, cell phones, automobiles and other consumer electronics, but with novel message content that is directed to dental applications. In still another embodiment of the invention, a dental lamp system includes an audible electronic voice alert system having a novel approach to tracking time during the above mentioned dental procedures and other similar dental procedures. This audible electronic voice alert system uses an electronic device with prerecorded time interval statements stored in the device. According to one embodiment, the alert system, in addition to giving indiscriminate beep tones at given intervals, or having a display screen displaying the stages of completion of a dental procedure, is also adapted to play a recorded voice that is generated when an electronic timer circuit is programmed to play the appropriate electronic voice count alert through an audio speaker in the device, or a recorded voice is generated to alert the dental professional of the depth of reach in a root canal procedure. In one aspect, the message played may include time intervals or depth of reach, and may be programmed and in some embodiments, re-programmed. In a further embodiment of the invention, a dental lamp system having an electronic timer device is controlled by a microprocessor with an internal clock. The microprocessor receives a signal so as to know when a lamp is first turned on. At predefined intervals of, for example five seconds, the electronic voice chip sends a recorded audio signal to a speaker to announce elapsed and/or remaining time to the user. In one embodiment of the invention, the speaker is disposed within the light source. This process can be programmed to continue and announce. the time at ten second intervals when the voice chip releases a different recorded audio signal of “ten seconds”. Various time increments and corresponding audio signals can be programmed or selected according to the requirements of a particular dental procedure. In yet a further embodiment of the invention, a dental lamp system includes a prerecorded audio stream that can be configured to play a unique alert message at the end of a procedure. The pre-recorded audio signal can include a message such as “procedure complete”, “end of a first cycle” when used in chairside whitening procedures, or similar phrase. Additionally, the system can be configured to give an instruction to the dental professional at certain times during the procedure. Exemplary messages may include prerecorded audio streams announcing, “the procedure is almost complete”, “please plan for the next step in the whitening process”, “whitening lamp warm up cycle complete,” And “the apex is approaching.” Numerous and various such voice alerts are possible and are intended to be within the scope of this invention. In a yet still further embodiment, the invention, includes a dental instrument having a voice alert system in any of the above embodiments coupled to an electrical control device. The electrical control device may include a microprocessor and a switch such as an electromechanical switch or a solid state switch. In various embodiments, the electrical control device is adapted to both alert the dental professional that the end of the procedure or the apex is approaching, and also turn off the light output, or the power to the file or reamer to end the procedure when the predetermined time period has expired or where the prescribed distance to the apex is reached. This can further improve the efficiency and accuracy of a dental procedure and free the dental professional to take care of other matters within earshot of the voice alert system rather than having to hover around the patient or be close at hand to turn off the lamp, or to prevent any accidental reach of the apex in a root canal procedure.
|
['G09B2328' 'G08B100' 'A61B5117']
|
summary
|
11,440,359
|
[description] The invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary holographic memory system which may include one or more embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 2A is an architectural block diagram of the components of a holographic memory system illustrating the optical paths used during a write or record operation, and which may include one or more embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 2B is an architectural block diagram of the components of a holographic memory system illustrating the optical paths used during a read or reconstruct operation, and which may include one or more embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of a mounting structure showing an embodiment of a means for passive alignment of an optical component or subassembly according to the present invention; FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention for passive alignment of an optical component or subassembly; FIG. 5 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a pair of subassemblies which are passively aligned according to the present invention; FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of an embodiment of a mounting structure with preselected locations and passive alignment members for mounting holographic drive head components and/or subassemblies; FIG. 7 is a bottom perspective view of the embodiment of the mounting structure shown in FIG. 6; FIG. 8 is a top perspective view an embodiment of a mounting block which may be used with the mounting structure of FIG. 6 showing the mounting or referencing surfaces for a storage lens subassembly; FIG. 9 is a different perspective view of the mounting block of FIG. 8 showing the mounting or referencing surfaces for a scanner lens subassembly; FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of the mounting structure of FIG. 6 showing some of the holographic drive head components, subassemblies and mounting block of FIGS. 8-9 mounted thereon; FIG. 11 is a different top perspective view of the mounting structure of FIG. 10 showing the holographic drive head components, subassemblies and mounting block of FIGS. 8-9 mounted thereon; FIG. 12 is a bottom perspective view of the mounting structure similar to that of FIG. 7 showing the holographic drive head components and subassemblies mounted thereon; FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a partial subassembly according to the present invention of a passively aligned spatial light modulator (SLM) and a polarizing beam splitter; FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a completed subassembly according to the present invention of a passively aligned spatial light modulator (SLM), polarizing beam splitter and camera; FIG. 15 is a top perspective view showing a high absorption physical aperture which is positioned over the photoactive area of a spatial light modulator; FIG. 16 is a portion of the block diagram of FIG. 2A illustrating potential locations for laser alignment elements according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 17 is a schematic view illustrating the embodiment of FIG. 16 for aligning the primary laser using two alignment elements, each having an alignment aperture; FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of a laser light source subassembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a fiber optic coupled laser light source subsystem according to the present invention which may be used in the holographic memory system illustrated in FIG. 2A.
|
['G02B532']
|
detailed_description
|
11,971,258
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gaming system and method, more particularly to a gaming system and method that provide a multi-game function and a real-time, remote connection between players and a dealer. 2. Description of the Related Art Gambling games that may be played by multiple players may be classified into computer-based games and table-based games. Examples of computer-based games include bingo and keno, while examples of table-based games include craps and roulette. In the case of computer-based games, many players are inclined to shun such games as they lack direct human involvement (i.e., a dealer). For example, the game of keno involves the use of a lottery computer that randomly chooses winning numbers. As to table-based games, the number of players that can participate is limited by several factors. For example, the actual physical size of the game table used for a particular table-based game limits the number of players that can play the game. In addition, with a large number of players, the dealer(s) may encounter difficulties in keeping track of the bets placed by each player and in performing collection and payout for each player. Another drawback of table-based games is that it is virtually impossible for players to play more than one table-based game at a time.
|
['A63F924' 'A63F100']
|
background
|
10,556,339
|
[description] According to the present invention, there is provided a photoelectric conversion element comprising a composite dye and an n-type semiconductor, the composite dye comprising a plurality of component dyes which have different excitation levels and which are chemically bonded to each other to form a straight chain or branched structure for transferring an electron therethrough, wherein the straight chain or branched structure is, at one end thereof, secured to the n-type semiconductor and has, at least at one other end thereof, a free end, wherein, in the straight chain or branched structure, the plurality of component dyes are arranged in an order such that the excitation levels of the plurality of component dyes are decreased as viewed from the one end (secured to the n-type semiconductor) of the structure toward the at least one other end of the structure. For easier understanding of the present invention, the essential features and various preferred embodiments of the present invention are enumerated below. 1. A photoelectric conversion element comprising a composite dye and an n-type semiconductor, the composite dye comprising a plurality of component dyes which have different excitation levels and which are chemically bonded to each other to form a straight chain or branched structure for transferring an electron therethrough, wherein the straight chain or branched structure is, at one end thereof, secured to the n-type semiconductor and has, at least at one other end thereof, a free end, wherein, in the straight chain or branched structure, the plurality of component dyes are arranged in an order such that the excitation levels of the plurality of component dyes are decreased as viewed from the one end of the structure toward the at least one other end of the structure. 2. The photoelectric conversion element according to item 1 above, wherein each component dye of the composite dye comprises a metal atom having a ligand coordinated thereto, so that the composite dye is comprised of a multinuclear complex comprising a plurality of metal atoms and a plurality of ligands including at least one bridging ligand, wherein the or each bridging ligand is positioned between mutually adjacent metal atoms in the multinuclear complex to thereby bridge the mutually adjacent metal atoms. 3. The photoelectric conversion element according to item 2 above, wherein the or each bridging ligand in the multinuclear complex has an asymmetric structure. 4. The photoelectric conversion element according to item 3 above, wherein the or each bridging ligand in the multinuclear complex comprises a heterocyclic segment having a conjugated double bond and, bonded to the heterocyclic segment, a non-heterocyclic segment, to thereby form the asymmetric structure, wherein the heterocyclic segment is positioned in the or each bridging ligand on a side thereof remote from the n-type semiconductor as compared to the non-heterocyclic segment, wherein a heteroatom in the heterocyclic segment is positioned on a side thereof remote from the n-type semiconductor. 5. A dye-sensitized solar battery comprising: an electrode comprised of the photoelectric conversion element of any one of items 1 to 4 above, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte interposed between the photoelectric conversion element and the counter electrode, wherein the dye-sensitized solar battery becomes operable when the electrode comprised of the photoelectric conversion element and the counter electrode are connected to each other through an electroconductive material which is positioned outside of the electrolyte. 6. The dye-sensitized solar battery according to item 5 above, wherein the counter electrode exhibits a potential of −0.2 V or more relative to the redox potential of silver/silver ion. Hereinbelow, the present invention is described in detail. The photoelectric conversion element of the present invention comprises a composite dye and an n-type semiconductor. The composite dye comprises a plurality of component dyes which have different excitation levels and which are chemically bonded to each other to form a straight chain or branched structure for transferring an electron therethrough, wherein the straight chain or branched structure is, at one end thereof, secured to the n-type semiconductor and has, at least at one other end thereof, a free end. In the straight chain or branched structure, the plurality of component dyes are arranged in an order such that the excitation levels of the plurality of component dyes are decreased as viewed from the one end of the structure toward the free end (i.e., the at least one other end) of the structure. In the present invention, the term “excitation level” means the orbital level (of a ground state) at which the dye (component dye or composite dye) absorbs light having a wavelength equal to or higher than that of visible light to thereby get strongly excited. In general, the orbital level of such ground state is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). So long as the transition of an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital can be observed, the highest occupied molecular orbital is regarded as the excitation level. In the present invention, in which a plurality of component dyes are chemically bonded to each other to form a composite dye, the excitation level of a component dye means the orbital level (of a ground state) at which the component dye absorbs light having a wavelength within the range equal to or higher than that of visible light to thereby get strongly excited when the component dye is present alone without forming a composite dye by the chemical bonding thereof to another component dye. In the present invention, the expression “the component dyes have different excitation levels” means that the difference between the excitation levels of any two component dyes is 0.05 eV or more. It is preferred that the difference between the excitation levels of any two component dyes is 0.1 eV or more, more advantageously 0.2 eV or more, most advantageously 0.4 eV or more. With respect to the upper limit of the difference between the excitation levels of two component dyes, there is no particular limitation. However, when the difference between the excitation levels of two component dyes is large, it is
|
['H01L3100']
|
detailed_description
|
12,037,492
|
PATTERN FORMING METHOD [SEP] [abstract] In a pattern forming method of forming a desired pattern on a resist film on a substrate, the surface of a substrate is subjected to a surface hydrophobizing process to form a processed film for improving the adhesion of the surface of the substrate to resist, a coating film including at least a resist film is formed on the processed film, the resist film is exposed to form a desired pattern, and the pattern-formed resist film is developed. In addition to this, the processed film formed on the underside of the substrate by the surface hydrophobizing process is removed between the time from the formation of the processed film and the exposure of the resist film.
|
['G03B2752' 'G03F726']
|
abstract
|
11,365,744
|
[summary] The present invention is directed to a proximity based activation and safety system. A lanyard having a transponder is placed upon the person of the operator and can be used as a proximity sensor to determine that the operator is within a range of the vehicle. This technique can also be extended to passengers and provide a mechanism for detecting that a passenger has moved outside of a range of the vehicle. Such an event can occur if a passenger were to fall off the operating vehicle. Embodiments of the invention obviate the need for a mechanical (tether) interconnect between the operator and the vehicle. According to one aspect of the invention, an immobilization system for a vehicle includes a lanyard member with an electronic transponder containing a wireless transponder circuit supporting a plurality of codes. Additionally, the system contains a communication device to communicate with the transponder to determine whether the transponder is within an appropriate distance to the vehicle. The lanyard member does not have to maintain a mechanical relationship with the vehicle (e.g., using a tether) but rather, the communication device will detect in a wireless fashion that the transponder is within a range. In this way, the operator is not encumbered with a mechanical link to the vehicle. Another aspect of the invention is to provide a monitoring function, wherein a passenger can be monitored (in addition to the operator). A transponder can be affixed to the passenger and monitored for proximity. In this way, the vehicle can enter a safety mode in the event that either the operator or a passenger falls off or otherwise is separated from the vehicle. Accordingly, a security and monitoring system for motorized vehicles comprises one or more transponders; a communication device configured to receive a plurality of codes from the transponders without direct electrical or mechanical connection between the transponders and the communication device; and an engine control device configured to enable operation of the engine based upon the detection of one or more valid codes. An adaptor for motorized vehicles comprises a communication device configured to receive a plurality of codes from the transponders without direct electrical or mechanical connection between the transponders and the communication device; and a vehicle interface responsive to the communication device to control operation of a vehicle based upon the detection of one or more valid codes. Further aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description of the preferred embodiments that follow.
|
['G06F1900']
|
summary
|
11,077,074
|
[invention] It can be appreciated that several trends presently exist in the electronics industry. Devices are continually getting smaller, faster and require less power, while simultaneously being able to support and perform a greater number of increasingly complex and sophisticated functions. One reason for these trends is an ever increasing demand for small, portable and multifunctional electronic devices. For example, cellular phones, personal computing devices, and personal sound systems are devices which are in great demand in the consumer market. These devices rely on one or more small batteries as a power source and also require an ever increasing computational speed and storage capacity to store and process data, such as digital audio, digital video, contact information, database data and the like. Accordingly, there is a continuing trend in the semiconductor industry to manufacture integrated circuits (ICs) with higher device densities. To achieve such high densities, there has been and continues to be efforts toward scaling down dimensions (e.g., at submicron levels) on semiconductor wafers. In order to accomplish such high densities, smaller feature sizes, smaller separations between features and layers, and/or more precise feature shapes are required, such as metal interconnects or leads, for example. The scaling-down of integrated circuit dimensions can facilitate faster circuit performance and/or switching speeds, and can lead to higher effective yield in IC fabrication processes by providing more circuits on a semiconductor die and/or more die per semiconductor wafer, for example,—where this also satisfies or furthers ongoing desires to streamline fabrication processes, enhance efficiency and/or reduce costs. By way of example, high precision analog integrated circuits (IC's), such as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, for example, often require a number of capacitors for proper operation. Some of the capacitor requirements in a true eighteen bit converter IC, for example, are a ratio stability of less than 0.00075% over 10 years, a voltage coefficient of less than 10 ppm per volt, a temperature drift match of less than 0.05% per degree Celsius, dielectric absorption of less than 0.00075% and capacitance greater than 0.5 fF per square micrometer, among other things. Such integrated circuit capacitors are generally formed as part of the IC fabrication process whereby a thin dielectric layer is established between two conductive plates. However, conventional IC fabrication techniques, such as patterning and/or etching, for example, have limitations as to the size and/or accuracy to which features can be produced thereby. It would, therefore, be desirable to be able to form one or more integrated circuit capacitors in a cost effective manner that allows smaller feature sizes to be more accurately produced without complicating the fabrication process so that device scaling can be furthered.
|
['H01L218242' 'H01L2120']
|
background
|
12,208,114
|
ELECTRIC POWER-FEEDING STRUCTURE [SEP] [abstract] An electric power-feeding structure for feeding electric power to a moving body which is driven to be raised or lowered, includes: an arm having a distal end connected to the moving body movably in a horizontal direction and a proximal end rotatably driven to swing, to thereby drive the raising or lowering of the moving body. An electrical wire is routed alongside the arm, and one end of the electrical wire extending from the distal end is connected to the moving body. In a vicinity of a rotating shaft of the arm, the electrical wire is fixed to the arm at a first fixing point and to a base for supporting the arm at a second fixing point. The first fixing point is provided on a straight line defined by the rotating shaft and the second fixing point when the arm is at an intermediate position of its swinging range.
|
['H02G300']
|
abstract
|
12,368,029
|
[summary] Disclosed herein is a bone fixation device adapted for attachment to a growing bone such that the bone fixation device does not require post-installation adjustment. In an embodiment, the bone fixation device includes a housing having an aperture, a rod insertable into the aperture, and a locking mechanism operably associated with the housing, the locking mechanism allowing relative movement of the rod and housing in a first direction and inhibiting relative movement of the rod and the housing in a second direction. The rod is attachable to a bone of a patient, via a bone anchor, such that the rod passively translates relative to the housing in response to growth of the patient without necessitating post installation adjustment. In a further embodiment, the locking mechanism may include a through hole having a first section of a generally constant diameter and a second section adjacent to the first section that tapers to a smaller diameter. The locking mechanism may include a split ring having a variable inner diameter corresponding to the diameter of the through hole and a spring element applying a force to the split ring in the direction of the smaller diameter where the rod is positioned within the split ring. In another embodiment, the locking mechanism includes a through hole that is partially opened such that a rod inserted therein is engagable with a cam that is rotationally biased in one direction and has a surface that is configured and dimensioned to inhibit translation of the rod relative to the housing in one direction and allowing for translation of the rod relative to the housing in an opposite direction. In yet another embodiment, the locking mechanism includes at least one plate including an aperture for receiving the rod therethrough, the plate having a rotational bias in one direction such that the plate impedes translation of the rod relative to the housing in one direction and allowing for translation of the rod relative to the housing in an opposite direction.
|
['A61B1770']
|
summary
|
12,476,476
|
[description] FIG. 1 shows the structure of the PnlpD-yeaS construct. FIG. 2 shows the structure of the pLF-YeaS plasmid
|
['C12P1940' 'C12N120' 'C12N121' 'C12P1932']
|
detailed_description
|
11,845,976
|
[summary] The present invention relates to a method of generating a population of dendritic cell (DC) precursors. The method includes obtaining a population of progenitor cells from a subject. The progenitor cells are then cultured in a culture medium. The culture medium includes Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and is free of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF). The progenitor cells can include CD34 pos cells and be conditioned in the culture medium for a time and under conditions sufficient to allow the progenitor cells to differentiate into a population of DC precursors having a surface marker phenotype B220 pos /CD11c neg /MHC Class II neg /CD45RA pos . In an aspect of the invention, the culture medium can further include one or more cytokine and/or growth factor selected from the group consisting of SCF, IL-3, IL-4, TNF-α, TNF-β, LT-β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-13, IL-5, IL-1α, IL-1βIFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17, IL-16, IL-18, HGF, IL-11, MSP, FasL, TRAIL, TRANCE, TWEAK, CD27L, CD30L, CD40L, APRIL, TALL-1, 4-1BBL, OX40L, GITRL, IGF-1, IGF-II, MSP, FGF-α, FGF-β, FGF-3-19, NGF, BDNF, NTs, Tpo, Epo, Ang1-4, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, PIGF, EGF, TGF-α, AR, BTC, HRGs, HG-EGF, SMDF, OB, CT-1, CNTF, OSM, MK, PTN, or their functional, recombinant, chemical equivalent, homologue, and combinations thereof. For example, the culture medium include Flt3-L, SCF, IL-6 and a STAT5 antagonist. The present invention also relates to an isolated population of DC precursors. The DC precursors can have a surface marker phenotype B220 pos /CD11c neg /MHC Class II neg /CD45RA pos . The present invention further relates to a method of developing a mature DC population. The method includes obtaining a population of progenitor cells from a subject. The progenitor cells are cultured in a culture medium. The culture medium includes Flt3-L and IL-6 and is free of GMCSF. The progenitor cells are conditioned in the culture medium for a time and under conditions sufficient to allow the progenitor cells to differentiate into a population of DC precursors having a surface marker phenotype B220 pos /CD11 neg /MHC Class II neg /CD45RA pos . A mature DC population is then generated from the DC precursors. In an aspect of the invention, the step of generating the mature DC population further comprises culturing the DC precursors in a culture medium containing at least one agent capable of promoting maturation of the DC precursors into the mature DC population. The agent can be selected from the group consisting of a cytokine, a growth factor, a toll-like receptor agonist, a CD40 ligand, a calcium ionophore, a tumor-derived immunosuppressive factor, a tumor cell, and tumor cell lysate. In an aspect of the invention, the culture medium can further include one or more cytokine and/or growth factor selected from the group consisting of SCF, IL-3, IL-4, TNF-α, TNF-β, LT-β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-13, IL-5, IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17, IL-16, IL-18, HGF, IL-11, MSP, FasL, TRAIL, TRANCE, TWEAK, CD27L, CD30L, CD40L, APRIL, TALL-1, 4-1BBL, OX40L, GITRL, IGF-1, IGF-II, MSP, FGF-α, FGF-β, FGF-3-19, NGF, BDNF, NTs, Tpo, Epo, Ang1-4, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, PIGF, EGF, TGF-α, AR, BTC, HRGs, HG-EGF, SMDF, OB, CT-1, CNTF, OSM, MK, PTN, or their functional, recombinant, chemical equivalent, homologue, and combinations thereof. For example, the culture medium include Flt3-L, SCF, IL-6 and a STAT5 antagonist. In a still further aspect, the step of generating the mature DC population includes the step of providing at least one agent to promote DC1 polarization. The at least one agent can be selected from the group consisting of TLR agonists, cytokines, and growth factors. The present invention further relates to a method of treating a subject. The method includes obtaining a population of progenitor cells from a subject. The progenitor cells are cultured in a culture medium. The culture medium includes Flt3-L and IL-6 and is free of GMCSF. The mature DC population is generated from the DC precursors. The mature DC population is co-cultured with at least one tumor-tolerized T cell to produce a population of tolerized T cells. The population of tolerized T cells is administered to the subject. In an aspect of the invention, the progenitor cells can be conditioned in the culture medium for a time and under conditions sufficient to allow the progenitor cells to differentiate into a population of DC precursor cells having a surface marker phenotype B220 pos /CD11c neg /MHC Class II neg . The culture medium can further include one or more cytokine and/or growth factor selected from the group consisting of SCF, IL-3, IL-4, TNF-α, TNF-β, LT-β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, IL-13, IL-5, IL-1α, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17, IL-16, IL-18, HGF, IL-11, MSP, FasL, TRAIL, TRANCE, TWEAK, CD27L, CD30L, CD40L, APRIL, TALL-1, 4-1BBL, OX40L, GITRL, IGF-1, IGF-II, MSP, FGF-α, FGF-β, FGF-3-19, NGF, BDNF, NTs, Tpo, Epo, Ang1-4, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, PIGF, EGF, TGF-α, AR, BTC, HRGs, HG-EGF, SMDF, OB, CT-1, CNTF, OSM, MK, PTN, or their functional, recombinant, chemical equivalent, homologue, and combinations thereof. For example, the culture medium include Flt3-L, SCF, IL-6 and a STAT5 antagonist. The progenitor cells can include CD34 pos cells. In a still further aspect, the method can include providing at least one agent to promote DC1 polarization, the at least one agent being selected from the group consisting of TLR agonists, cytokines, and growth factors. The present invention also relates to a method for up-regulating an immune response in a subject. The method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a mixture comprising Flt3-L and IL-6 and being free of GMCSF. In an aspect of the invention, a STAT-5 antagonist can be administered in combination with the Flt3-L and IL-6. The STAT-5 antagonist can include an anti-GMCSF agent.
|
['A61K3512' 'C12N5078' 'A61P3700']
|
summary
|
12,213,410
|
[description] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an example of the entire structure of a semiconductor device in accordance with the present invention. The semiconductor device of FIG. 1 is a CSP semiconductor device formed by flip-chip bonding a semiconductor chip 10 to a carrier 20 which is used for external connection with the semiconductor chip 10. Gaps between the semiconductor chip 10 and the carrier 20 are sealed with a sealing resin 30. Electrode pads formed on the surface of the semiconductor chip 10 are flip-chip bonded to interconnect patterns formed on the surface of the carrier 20, by bumps (Au bumps, for example) formed on the electrode pads of the semiconductor chip 10. A cap may be placed to cover and seal the semiconductor chip 10. FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a corner of the electrode-pad formation surface of the semiconductor chip 10 shown in FIG. 1. On the semiconductor chip 10 surface, various kinds of integrated circuit elements are formed in the central area, while a corner cell 11 is formed in a corner, input/output cells 12 are formed so as to be arranged in the periphery, and electrode pads 13 are formed on the respective input/output cells 12. The input/output cells 12 include circuit elements for signal input/output. On the circuit elements, the plurality of electrode pads 13 are formed by a POE technique. Those electrode pads 13 are configured in a zigzag pad arrangement so as to form inner and outer pad arrays. The carrier 20 is made of ceramic, for example. The carrier 20 has, on its surface, an interconnect pattern 21 that is to be bump-bonded to the electrode pads 13 of the semiconductor chip 10, while having, on its bottom, external terminals (not shown) of the semiconductor device. The interconnect pattern 21 is internally connected to the external terminals through vias 22 in the thickness direction. The carrier 20 is also called a substrate or an interposer. An interconnect pattern inside the carrier 20 may be a multilayer interconnect. FIG. 3 is a magnified plan view illustrating the arrangement of the electrode pads 13 shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, of the electrode pads 13 forming the inner pad arrays, a total of six electrode pads located adjacent to the two sides of the corner cell 11 is not disposed. Therefore, the interconnect pattern 21 of the carrier 20 and the vias 22 can be prevented from becoming complex as indicated by broken lines in FIG. 2. To make a more detailed explanation with reference to FIG. 3, each electrode pad 13, which has a tenon-like conformation in plan view, includes a narrow, probing portion for testing or analyzing, and a wide, bonding portion which is bump-bonded to the interconnect pattern 21 on the surface of the carrier 20. In this embodiment, if the pitch of the input/output cells 12 and the pitch of the zigzag electrode pads 13 are 60 μm, a dimension L of pad-disposition restriction areas, which is measured from an intersection point of the center lines of the wide bonding portions in the inner pad arrays, is 508.4 μm. The dimension L is determined in accordance with design rules (for example, the width of the interconnect pattern 21 and the size of the vias 22) for the carrier 20. In the pad-disposition restriction areas, some (six in total) of the electrode pads 13 that form the inner pad arrays are not formed. Therefore, the pad pitch in the pad-disposition restriction areas is 120 μm, which is twice the pad pitch (60 μm) in the other area. The size of the corner cell 11 is 295 μm×295 μm, for example. Hereinafter, first through sixth modified examples of the electrode-pad arrangement of FIG. 3 will be described. Those modified examples produce other effects in addition to the above effects that complication of the interconnect pattern 21 of the carrier 20 and of the vias 22 are prevented, and that any cause of an increase in the semiconductor chip 10 size is eliminated. FIG. 4 illustrates a first modified example of the electrode-pad arrangement of FIG. 3. In FIG. 4, the pitch of the outer pad arrays in the pad-disposition restriction areas is reduced according to the minimum separation rules regarding disposition of the input/output cells 12. As a result, in the outer electrode-pad arrays adjacent to the two sides of the corner cell 11, two electrode pads 13 in total can be added as compared with the case of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 illustrates a second modified example of the electrode-pad arrangement. In FIG. 5, no inner and outer pad arrays are formed in the pad-disposition restriction areas, and instead of the input/output cells associated with those arrays, other kinds of function cells, such as ESD (electro-static discharge) protection cells 14 and power-source isolation cells 15 for preventing power interference between analog and digital circuits, are disposed. This enables a further reduction in area. In third through sixth modified examples, which will be discussed next, inner and outer pad arrays are also formed in the pad-disposition restriction areas with substantially the same pitch as that in the other area. In other words, the inner and outer pad arrays are both formed reaching close to the corner cell 11. FIG. 6 illustrates a third modified example of the electrode-pad arrangement. In FIG. 6, probing-specific pads 16 used for testing or analyzing are provided in the electrode-pad-disposition omission positions of FIG. 3. Those probing-specific pads 16 each include only a narrow probing portion, and are not bump-bonded to the interconnect pattern 21 of the carrier 20. This results in an increase in the observability and controllability of the semiconductor device during probing. It should be noted that like the other electrode pads 13, the probing-specific pads 16 may have a tenon-like conformation in plan view, but their
|
['H01L2358']
|
detailed_description
|
12,436,748
|
Discovering Relevant Concept And Context For Content Node [SEP] [abstract] Discovering relevant concepts and context for content nodes to determine a user's intent includes identifying one or more concept candidates in a content node based at least in part on one or more statistical measures, and matching concepts in a concept association map against text in the content node. The concept association map represents concepts, concept metadata, and relationships between the concepts. The one or more concept candidates are ranked to create a ranked one or more concept candidates based at least in part on a measure of relevance. The ranked one or more concept candidates is expanded according to one or more cost functions. The expanded set of concepts is stored in association with the content node.
|
['G06F1730' 'G06F1518' 'G06Q3000']
|
abstract
|
11,742,707
|
[invention] Executable applications use configuration information or adaptation information, to define and/or control the operation of an executable application. For example, some executable applications are intended to be used concurrently by more than one person. Each person may use the executable application in a different configuration. The different configurations may be defined or selected by the respective users, and/or the users may be assigned respective configurations. Configurations assigned to the respective users may be based on the identity of, or function performed by, the user or based on information and/or procedures which the user is permitted to access. Further, different executable applications save the corresponding adaptation information in different places and in different formats. For example, in a healthcare enterprise environment, information concerning the operation of the healthcare enterprise may be maintained in a database and made available to users by a database management executable application. Some information in the database is made available to a limited number of users. For example, access to clinical information related to a patient may be restricted to the patient's physician, to nursing staff assigned to care for the patient, and to laboratory personnel responsible for performing testing on the patient. Access to financial information related to the patient may be restricted to staff responsible for obtaining payment for medical services rendered to the patient. Thus, access of a user to particular types of data is dependant on the identity of and function performed by the user. The configuration of the database management executable application when used by a physician, therefore, is different from the configuration of the database management executable application when used by insurance reimbursement processing staff. Adaptation information is stored, representing the respective configurations of the database management executable application, corresponding to the respective users and specifying which data and/or procedures are available to that user. When a user begins use of the database management executable application, the configuration data associated with that user is retrieved. The database management executable application may restrict access of the user to data and/or procedures which the user is permitted to view and execute based on the configuration data representing the user identity and/or function. However, sometimes the operation of the executable application does not seem proper to a user. Continuing the healthcare enterprise example, a user may primarily access the database management at a first location in the healthcare enterprise, implying one function, for example at a nursing station. The database management executable application applies a first configuration for the user and allows access by the user. But the user may then access the database at a second location implying a different function. The executable application may apply a second configuration at the second location for the user, and this second configuration may be different than the expected first configuration, possibly leading the user to conclude that an error has been made. Typically, there is no information presented to the user as to why the executable application is not behaving as expected; i.e. why data is not being displayed, or expected actions are not being permitted. In any event, the user may be forbidden from doing the required task, or denied access to required data. In such a situation, the user may contact the technical support group responsible for maintaining the executable application to report an error. That group must begin to troubleshoot the source of the problem. Such troubleshooting typically includes attempting to determine what configuration data was applicable at the time the error occurred. For multiple different executable applications, this entails knowing how to operate and troubleshoot the different executable applications, how to find and decipher the stored adaptation information representing the configuration data used by the different executable applications, and how to associate the configuration data to the problem faced by the user. This also requires that the user contact the support staff to report the problem. A system is desirable which permits users to determine whether the configuration under which they are using the executable application is the expected configuration. Such a system would permit the user to re-access the executable application to permit operation under the expected configuration, and would minimize calls to the technical support group. Further a system which would permit a technical support group to easily access and analyze configuration data for a group of executable applications, and to be automatically notified of a problem is desirable.
|
['G06F3048']
|
background
|
11,271,653
|
[claim] 1. A method of deploying a therapeutic balloon catheter intravascularly, comprising the steps of: providing an elongate member having a proximal end, a distal end, and a distal protection device proximate the distal end, the distal protection device having a compact configuration and a deployed configuration capable of capturing emboli; advancing the distal protection device in the compact configuration to a region of interest in a vascular system; at the region of interest, deploying the distal protection device to the deployed configuration; providing a balloon catheter having a distal end, a proximal end, a balloon, a through lumen extending from the distal end to an opening proximal the balloon, and an inflation lumen fluidly connected to the balloon, the balloon having a proximal waist, a proximal cone, a central section, a distal waist and a distal cone, the distal waist and cone comprising a shortened landing zone; advancing the balloon catheter over the elongate member to the region of interest; and inflating the balloon. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing the balloon catheter includes the step of providing a balloon catheter where the distal end terminates at the distal waist. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the distal cone has a portion that tapers proximally. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the distal waist is everted. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the location of interest is in a carotid artery. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the location of interest is in a renal artery. 7. A balloon catheter comprising: a catheter shaft having a proximal end and a distal end, the catheter shaft having a core having an outer surface, the core extending to the distal end of the catheter shaft, the catheter shaft having a tubular member disposed about the core, the tubular member having an inner surface and an outer surface, and an inflation lumen between the tubular member inner surface and the tubular member outer surface; and an inflatable member having a proximal cone, a distal cone and a central section therebetween, the central section having proximal and distal ends, the proximal and distal cones defining an inflation cavity, the inflatable member further comprising a proximal waist affixing the proximal cone to the outer surface of the tubular member and a distal waist affixing the distal cone to the outer surface of the core, wherein the inflatable member is configured such that the distance along the longitudinal axis between the distal end of the central section and the distal waist is less than the distance between the proximal end of the central section and the proximal waist, wherein the inflation lumen is fluidly connected to the inflation cavity. 8. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the distal waist extends proximally from the distal cone. 9. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the distal cone has a first section that tapers distally from the central section and a second section that tapers proximally to the distal waist. 10. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the distal cone tapers proximally to the distal waist. 11. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the inflatable member comprises a compliant balloon material. 12. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the balloon comprises a non-compliant polymeric material. 13. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the balloon comprises a reinforced polymeric material. 14. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the balloon distal waist is attached to the catheter shaft with an adhesive bond. 15. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the balloon distal waist is attached to the catheter shaft with a thermal bond. 16. The catheter of claim 7 further comprising a stent mounted on the central section of the inflatable member. 17. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the core outer surface and the tubular member inner surface define the inflation lumen. 18. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the core comprises a guidewire lumen extending to an opening at the distal end of the catheter shaft. 19. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the catheter shaft distal end is distal the inflatable member distal end. 20. A balloon catheter comprising: a catheter shaft having an outer surface, an inflation lumen and a guidewire lumen; and a balloon having a balloon wall, a proximal cone, a distal cone and a cylindrical central section therebetween, the balloon affixed to the catheter shaft with a proximal waist extending distally from the proximal cone and a distal waist extending proximally from the distal cone, the balloon proximal and distal cones and central section defining an inflation lumen in contact with a first surface of the balloon wall, the balloon wall having a second surface opposite the first surface. 21. The catheter of claim 20, wherein the proximal cone tapers proximally from the central section and the distal cone tapers distally from the central section. 22. The catheter of claim 20, wherein the balloon wall second surface is facing the catheter shaft outer surface at the balloon proximal and distal waists. 23. The catheter of claim 20 wherein the inflatable member comprises a compliant balloon material. 24. The catheter of claim 20 wherein the balloon comprises a non-compliant polymeric material. 25. The catheter of claim 20 wherein the balloon comprises a reinforced polymeric material. 26. The catheter of claim 20 wherein the balloon distal waist is attached to the catheter shaft with an adhesive bond. 27. The catheter of claim 20 wherein the balloon distal waist is attached to the catheter shaft with a thermal bond. 28. A method of making a balloon catheter comprising the steps of forming a balloon having a proximal waist, a proximal cone, a central cylindrical section, a distal cone and a distal waist; providing a catheter having an outer surface and a distal end; everting the distal waist such that it extends proximally from the distal cone; sliding the balloon onto the catheter; and bonding the balloon proximal and distal waists to the catheter. 29. The method of claim
|
['A61M2900']
|
claim
|
12,271,042
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a simulation result of impurity concentration distribution according to this embodiment. FIG. 3 shows an impurity concentration profile in a depth direction in a position A-A′ of FIG. 2. The following describes this embodiment with reference to FIGS. 1-3. An N-type well region 4 is formed in a P-type semiconductor substrate 2. A P-type second drain region 6 is formed in the N-type well region 4.
|
['H01L21336']
|
detailed_description
|
12,207,797
|
CURSOR CONTROL DEVICE [SEP] [abstract] A cursor control device includes a pen-like body, a motion-detecting element, a microcontroller and a button element. The motion-detecting element is disposed at a first side of the pen-like body for generating a coordinate change signal in response to a motion of a first finger of the user. The microcontroller is disposed within the pen-like body and communicated with the motion-detecting element and the computer system. According to the coordinate change signal, the microcontroller issues a cursor control signal to the computer system. The button element is disposed at a second side of the pen-like body and communicated with the microcontroller for triggering the microcontroller to generate an object locking control signal in response to a depressing action of a second finger of the user. The object pointed by the cursor is locked according to the object locking control signal and moved according to the cursor control signal.
|
['G06F3033']
|
abstract
|
11,414,875
|
[description] The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. However, this invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated as “/”. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “having,” “having,” “includes,” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element such as a layer or region is referred to as being “on” or extending “onto” another element, it can be directly on or extend directly onto the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or extending “directly onto” another element, there are no intervening elements present. It will also be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Finally, when light is referred to as “directly passing,” it means that a reflector-free path is provided. It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, materials, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, material, region, layer or section from another element, material, region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, material, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, material, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Moreover, the terms “front” and “back” may be used herein to describe opposing outward faces of a display screen. Conventionally, the viewing face is deemed the front, but the viewing face may also be deemed the back, depending on orientation. The terms “horizontal” and “vertical” indicate specific orientations based upon the ultimate orientation of the direct-view display. The terms “upstream” and “downstream” are sometimes used herein to describe relative locations of elements in an optical apparatus in reference to the transmission of light from a source to a viewer. For example, when a first element is referred to as being “upstream” from a second element, the first element receives light from the light source before the second element. Further, the second element can be described as being “downstream” from the first element as the second element receives the light after the first element. Embodiments of the present invention are described herein with reference to illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments according to the present invention. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated, typically, may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein. Although the term “arrays” is used herein to describe arrangements of various microstructures (such as optical microstructures), it will be understood that “arrays” of microstructures can refer to less than all of the microstructures on the screen. Moreover, arrays can include microstructures that are different from one another or are the same but oriented differently. As described hereinbelow in greater detail, embodiments according to the invention can provide brightness enhancement structures that can refract light within an acceptance angle of a lenticular lens in a dimension that is orthogonal to the major axis of the lenticular lens. Accordingly, the refracted light diverges from the structure, but only to the extent that it stays within the acceptance angle of the lenticular lens. For example, in some embodiments according to the invention the lenticular lens has a much lower acceptance angle in a horizontal dimension than in a vertical dimension. Accordingly, the brightness enhancement structure can be configured to allow only limited divergence in the horizontal dimension and more divergence in the vertical dimension.
|
['G03B2160']
|
detailed_description
|
11,413,236
|
[invention] A core (e.g., a hard core logic module with fixed netlist, fixed gate placement and routing, etc.) may be used in different top level (e.g., chip-level, etc.) design integration processes (e.g., chip level signal routing, power routing, metal utilization, etc.). The core (e.g., the core logic module) level routing (e.g., a signal route, a clock route, a power route, and/or an additional metallization) on a chip may take up a bottommost layers (e.g., a bottom three layers, etc.) of the chip. The top level (e.g., chip-level) routing (e.g., a signal route, a clock route, a power route, and/or an additional metallization) may take up a remaining layers (e.g., top 4-8 layers, etc.). A core timing model (CTM) of the core may represent path delays from core inputs to core outputs. The core timing model (CTM) of the core is built before a top level integration process (e.g., chip level signal routes, clock routes, power routes, and/or additional metallization, etc.) during which the top level routing is integrated with the core. Hence, parasitic effects (e.g., a cross-talk and a capacitive coupling, etc.) on the core caused by the top level signal routing (e.g., an over-core routing) may not be captured by the core timing model (CTM). By not capturing the parasitic effects in the core timing model, inaccuracies pertaining to a prediction of parasitic effects (e.g., a delay inaccuracy, a timing failure, and/or a corrupt signal, etc.) may be introduced. As such, a number of procedures may need to be carried out during a core timing model generation process to remedy these inaccuracies. For example, a delay prediction range may need to be increased after the core timing model generation for each design to account for any potential effects (e.g., cross-talk, and capacitive coupling, etc.) due to the top level signal routing (e.g., chip level signal routes, clock routes, power routes, etc.) and/or an additional metallization process during fabrication. In addition, a flat delay prediction and extraction may need to be accomplished at the top level (e.g., extraction that will extract chip and core level signal routes, clock routes, power routes, additional metallization, etc.) before performing timing analysis. However, the assumption may be a poor representation of the actual top level signal routing situation resulting in more inaccuracies. Transferability of the same core timing model to other applications may also be compromised due to differences in potential effects (e.g., cross-talk, and capacitive coupling, etc.) resulting from different top level (e.g., chip-level) routing. Moreover, these complications may be further aggravated in a design with the over-core routing (e.g., top level routing that may occupy a layer directly above and/or under (e.g., adjacent to) the core level routing during the top level integration process). In addition, the top level integration process that omits a layer directly adjacent (e.g., directly above and/or directly under) to the outermost layer carrying the core level routing (e.g., chip level signal routes, clock routes, power routes, and/or additional metallization, etc.) places many top-level wires in regions due to avoiding over-core routing. However, by not performing over-core routing during the top level (e.g., chip-level, etc.) integration process (e.g., chip level signal routes, clock routes, power routes, and/or additional metallization, etc.), valuable chip space adjacent to the core may be wasted while aggravating congestion in other regions of the chip. A longer route (e.g., cannot use straight paths, etc.) may be required as a result of avoiding regions adjacent to (e.g., directly above and/or directly below) the core. The longer signal route could potentially drastically decrease performance (e.g., decrease an operating frequency and/or increase interconnect delay, etc.). An additional complication may be introduced in satisfying timing constraints due to reduced flexibility in top level routing (e.g., chip level signal routing, clock routing, power routing, and/or additional metallization, etc.).
|
['G06F1750']
|
background
|
12,272,193
|
[summary] In a process for the cryogenic separation of feed air wherein feed air is cooled in a primary heat exchanger, is separated by cryogenic rectification in at least one column to produce oxygen-rich liquid and nitrogen-rich vapor, oxygen-rich liquid is increased in pressure, and the pressurized oxygen-rich liquid is vaporized by indirect heat exchange with at least some of the feed air to produce product oxygen, the improvement comprising generating sufficient excess refrigeration beyond that required to carry out the cryogenic rectification such that the aggregate warm end temperature difference of the process exceeds the minimum internal temperature difference of the primary heat exchanger by at least 2 K. As used herein, the term “aggregate warm end temperature difference” means the difference between the aggregate temperatures of those streams entering the primary heat exchanger and of those streams leaving the primary heat exchanger. As used herein, the term “minimum internal temperature difference of the primary heat exchanger” means the smallest difference between the aggregate temperatures of the warming and cooling streams inside the primary heat exchanger. As used herein, the term “column” means a distillation or fractionation column or zone, i.e. a contacting column or zone, wherein liquid and vapor phases are countercurrently contacted to effect separation of a fluid mixture, as for example, by contacting of the vapor and liquid phases on a series of vertically spaced trays or plates mounted within the column and/or on packing elements such as structured or random packing. For a further discussion of distillation columns, see the Chemical Engineer's Handbook, fifth edition, edited by R. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, Section 13 , The Continuous Distillation Process . A double column comprises a higher pressure column having its upper end in heat exchange relation with the lower end of a lower pressure column. Vapor and liquid contacting separation processes depend on the difference in vapor pressures for the components. The higher vapor pressure (or more volatile or low boiling) component will tend to concentrate in the vapor phase whereas the lower vapor pressure (or less volatile or high boiling) component will tend to concentrate in the liquid phase. Partial condensation is the separation process whereby cooling of a vapor mixture can be used to concentrate the volatile component(s) in the vapor phase and thereby the less volatile component(s) in the liquid phase. Rectification, or continuous distillation, is the separation process that combines successive partial vaporizations and condensations as obtained by a countercurrent treatment of the vapor and liquid phases. The countercurrent contacting of the vapor and liquid phases is generally adiabatic and can include integral (stagewise) or differential (continuous) contact between the phases. Separation process arrangements that utilize the principles of rectification to separate mixtures are often interchangeably termed rectification columns, distillation columns, or fractionation columns. Cryogenic rectification is a rectification process carried out at least in part at temperatures at or below 150 degrees Kelvin (K). As used herein, the term “indirect heat exchange” means the bringing of two fluids into heat exchange relation without any physical contact or intermixing of the fluids with each other. As used herein, the term “feed air” means a mixture comprising primarily oxygen and nitrogen, such as ambient air. As used herein, the terms “upper portion” and “lower portion” of a column mean those sections of the column respectively above and below the mid point of the column. As used herein, the terms “turboexpansion” and “turboexpander” mean respectively method and apparatus for the flow of high pressure fluid through a turbine to reduce the pressure and the temperature of the fluid, thereby generating refrigeration. As used herein, the term “cryogenic air separation plant” means the column or columns wherein feed air is separated by cryogenic rectification to produce nitrogen, oxygen and/or argon, as well as interconnecting piping, valves, heat exchangers and the like. As used herein, the term “compressor” means a machine that increases the pressure of a gas by the application of work.
|
['F25J304' 'F25J300']
|
summary
|
11,666,026
|
[description] The above-described object of this invention will be achieved by the following structures. (1) A thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and inorganic particles dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin being melt-moldable, wherein nd and vd of the thermoplastic resin composition satisfy Formula (1), provided that nd represents a refractive index measured at a wavelength of 588 nm and vd represents an Abbe's number: nd>1.82−0.0042vd Formula (1) (2) The thermoplastic resin composition of Item (1), wherein the Abbe's number vd is 40 to 70. (3) A thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin having a refractive index n0 measured at a wavelength of 588 nm and inorganic particles dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin being melt-moldable, wherein f, nd and vd of the thermoplastic resin composition satisfy Formulas (2) and (3), provided that f represents a volume fraction of the inorganic particles based on the volume of the thermoplastic resin composition, nd represents a refractive index measured at a wavelength of 588 nm and vd represents an Abbe's number: nd≧n0+0.3f Formula (2) vd≧50 Formula (3) (4) The thermoplastic resin composition of Item (3), wherein f is not more than 0.3. (5) The thermoplastic resin composition of Item (3) or (4), wherein nd measured at a wavelength of 588 nm is not less than 1.6. (6) The thermoplastic resin composition of any one of Items (1) to (5), wherein the inorganic particles comprise at least aluminum nitride. (7) A thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and inorganic particles dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin being melt-moldable, wherein, the inorganic particles comprise at least a metal nitride. (8) The thermoplastic resin composition of Item (7), wherein the metal nitride is aluminum nitride. (9) An optical element formed by molding the thermoplastic resin composition of any one of Items (1) to (8), wherein a mean light transmittance measured at a wavelength of 588 nm per a light path length of 3 mm is not less than 70%. In the following, the most preferable embodiment to practice this invention will be detailed. The inventor of this invention, as a result of extensive studies in view of the above-described problems, has found that the above objective effects of this invention can be achieved by the following structures: 1) A thermoplastic resin composition in which inorganic particles are dispersed and which is capable of being melt molded, wherein a condition defined by aforesaid Formula (1) is satisfied when a refractive index against light having a wavelength of 588 nm is nd and an Abbe's number is vd; 2) A thermoplastic resin composition in which inorganic particles are dispersed in a thermoplastic resin having a refractive index against light having a wavelength of 588 nm is n0 and which is capable of being melt molded, wherein the conditions defined by aforesaid Formulas (2) and (3) are simultaneously satisfied when a volume fraction of said inorganic particles is f, a refractive index against light having a wavelength of 588 nm is nd and an Abbe's number is vd; or 3) A thermoplastic resin composition in which inorganic particles are dispersed and which is capable of being melt molded, wherein at least one type of the aforesaid inorganic particles is a metal nitride. In the following, details of this invention will be explained. A thermoplastic resin composition of this invention, in which inorganic particles are dispersed and which is capable of being melt molded, is characterized in that following Formula (1) is satisfied when a refractive index against light having a wavelength of 588 nm is nd and an Abbe's number is vd. nd>1.82−0.0042vd. Formula (1) Abbe's number vd referred in this invention is defined by following Formula (4), when refractive indexes at 588 nm, 486 nm and 656 nm each are nd, nF and nC, respectively. vd=(nd−1)/(nF−nC) Formula (4) In this invention, the Abbe's number of a thermoplastic resin composition of this invention is preferably not less than 40 and not more than 70. In this invention, refractive indexes at 588 nm, 486 nm and 656 nm can be measured by use of a refractometer well known in the art, and can be determined by use of such as Abbe's Refractometer DR-M2 (produced by Atago Co., Ltd.) and Automatic Birefringence Analyzer KOBRA-21ADH (produced by Oji Instrument Co., Ltd.). A thermoplastic resin composition having a high refractive index, a low dispersion (a high Abbe's number) in addition to excellent transparency can be obtained by that refractive index nd and Abbe's number vd of the thermoplastic resin composition satisfy a condition defined by aforesaid Formula (1). In this invention, a means to satisfy a condition defined by aforesaid Formula (1) can be achieved by, for example, appropriate selection of thermoplastic resin provided with a specific refractive index and Abbe's number as described in Table 1, which will be described later; appropriate selection of a type and a volume fraction of inorganic particles to be dispersed; or an appropriate combination thereof. Further, a thermoplastic resin composition of this invention, in which inorganic particles are dispersed and which is capable of being melt molded, is characterized by that inorganic particles are dispersed in thermoplastic resin having a refractive index against light having a wavelength of 588 nm is n0, wherein the conditions defined by following Formulas (2) and (3) are simultaneously satisfied when a volume fraction of said inorganic particles is f and an Abbe's number is vd. Herein, volume fraction f of inorganic particles against a thermoplastic resin composition is defined by f=(total volume of inorganic particles in thermoplastic resin composition)/(volume of thermoplastic resin composition). In aforesaid Formula (2), 0.3 which is a coefficient of volume fraction f is an inclination (a rate of change) of refractive index nd against volume fraction f of inorganic particles, and an object of this invention can be achieved when this inclination is not less than 0.3, preferably not less than 0.4 and furthermore preferably not less than 0.5. When this inclination is larger, a higher refractive
|
['C08L10100' 'C08K300' 'G02B104']
|
detailed_description
|
11,284,063
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sports water bottle, and more particularly to a sports water bottle that is sanitary to use. 2. Description of the Related Art With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 , a conventional sports water bottle in accordance with the prior art has a container ( 90 ), a lid ( 70 ), a spout ( 80 ) and a cover (A 0 ). The container ( 90 ) has a top (not numbered) and a mouth ( 91 ). The mouth ( 91 ) is formed in the top of the container ( 90 ). The lid ( 70 ) is mounted detachably on the mouth ( 91 ) and has a body ( 72 ) and a rim ( 76 ). The body ( 72 ) is mounted detachably in the mouth ( 91 ) and has an open top (not numbered), a bottom (not numbered), a center (not numbered), a spout space ( 71 ), a bottom panel ( 73 ) and a slot ( 74 ). The open top has a periphery (not numbered). The spout space ( 71 ) is defined in the center of the body ( 72 ) and communicates with the open top. The bottom panel ( 73 ) is formed in the bottom of the body ( 72 ) and has a center (not numbered) and a plug ( 75 ). The plug ( 75 ) is formed on the center of the bottom panel ( 73 ). The slot ( 74 ) is defined through the bottom panel ( 73 ) and communicates with the spout space ( 71 ) to allow water inside the container to flow through. The rim ( 76 ) extends downward from the periphery of the open top. The rim ( 76 ) can be rotated to detach the lid ( 70 ) from the mouth ( 91 ) of the container ( 90 ). The spout ( 80 ) is mounted slidably in the spout space ( 71 ) and has a drinking tube ( 81 ) and a dish ( 82 ). The drinking tube ( 81 ) is inserted into the spout space ( 71 ) and has an outside surface (not numbered) and a bottom. The dish ( 82 ) is formed around the outside surface of the drinking tube ( 81 ) and selectively covers the open top of the body ( 72 ). When the spout ( 80 ) is pushed into the lid ( 70 ), the dish ( 82 ) covers the open top of the body ( 72 ) and the plug ( 75 ) is inserted into the bottom of the drinking tube ( 81 ) to prevent water inside the container ( 90 ) from flowing through. The cover (A 0 ) has a ring (A 2 ), a neck (A 1 ), and a cap (A 3 ). The ring (A 2 ) encircles the mouth ( 91 ). The neck (A 1 ) extends from the ring (A 2 ) and has a distal end (not numbered). The cap (A 3 ) is formed at the distal end of the neck (A 1 ). The cap (A 3 ) is detachably fitted onto the lid ( 70 ) to prevent the spout ( 80 ) from being dirtied. With reference to FIG. 7 , when people want to drink water inside the container ( 90 ), they will pull the spout ( 80 ) up with their teeth or their fingers to get the plug ( 75 ) to leave the bottom of the drinking tube ( 81 ) and allow the water to flow through the slot ( 74 ) and the drinking tube ( 81 ) to their mouths. However, biting or pulling up the spout ( 80 ) with teeth or fingers is not sanitary as teeth and fingers are usually full of dregs of food, dirt or bacteria, and the dregs, dirt or bacteria may remain on the spout after people bite or pull up the spout. So biting or pulling up the spout ( 80 ) with teeth or fingers is not a sanitary way to drink water inside the container ( 90 ).
|
['B65D5116' 'B65D5516' 'B65D8300']
|
background
|
12,611,211
|
[summary] A vented closure assembly for a container, the container including a dispensing opening, includes a closure body including a nestable and extendable spout, the spout having a generally cylindrical section and a frustoconical section, and a transition region, including an invertible fold located between the two sections, the generally cylindrical section defining an outlet opening, and a tamper-evident closing cap constructed and arranged for assembly to the spout for closing off the outlet opening. The spout includes a wall section having a first wall thickness and a “memory band” portion with a second wall thickness that is greater than the first wall thickness, the memory band portion being constructed and arranged for enabling the spout to maintain a selected orientation upon deflecting the spout into the selected orientation for directional discharge of container contents. A plurality of venting ears are used to help to discharge and provide the venting capability. One object of the present disclosure is to provide an improved vented closure assembly for a container. Related objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following description.
|
['B67D300' 'B65D4710']
|
summary
|
11,531,449
|
[summary] Embodiments in accordance with the present invention can provide a method and system for facilitating goal based intelligent calendaring using policies and data analysis. Other embodiments can also automate the discovery and notification process for common interests among calendar users. For example, such capability can be used for sports fans, college alumni, or hobbyists to identify members of the same interest group and suggest convenient times for them to meet. In a first embodiment of the present invention, a method of facilitating goal based calendar management can include the steps of creating a calendar item from a user entry and an external entry, determining if the calendar item is a policy related item, extracting policy attributes for the calendar item, determining if an action is required based on the policy attributes, the user entry, and the external entry, and executing the action based on the policy attributes when the action is determined to be required. The method can further include presenting a suggested action based on the policy attributes and accepting an entry corresponding to the suggested action. The method can further include presenting a modification of the external entry based on the policy attributes and accepting an entry corresponding to the modification of the external entry. The method can also include presenting an action related to a common context as a result of an analysis of the policy attributes. Note, the external entry can be contextual information associated with calendar information from the external entry. In a second embodiment of the present invention, a calendaring device can include a presentation device such as a display and a processor coupled to the presentation device. The calendaring device can be a cellular phone, a smart phone, a two-way paging device, a laptop computer, or a personal digital assistant for example. The processor can be programmed to create a calendar item from a user entry and an external entry, determine if the calendar item is a policy related item, extract policy attributes for the calendar item, determine if an action is required based on the policy attributes, the user entry, and the external entry, and execute the action based on the policy attributes when the action is determined to be required. The processor can be further programmed to present a suggested action based on the policy attributes and to accept an entry corresponding to the suggested action. The processor can be programmed to present a modification of the external entry based on the policy attributes and to accept an entry corresponding to the modification of the external entry. The processor can be programmed to present an action related to a common context suggested as a result of an analysis of the policy attributes. The external entry can be contextual information associated with calendar information from the external entry. The external entry can also include data about who, when, where, what, or a context as mentioned above. Also note that the policy attributes can include weighted or prioritized attributes among activity type, location type, meeting type, content type, and person type. In a third embodiment of the present invention, a calendaring system can include a sending device for sending a calendar entry and a recipient device for receiving the calendar entry. The system can further include a processor operatively coupled to the recipient device and the sending device. The processor can be programmed to create a calendar item from a user entry and the calendar entry, determine if the calendar item is a policy related item, extract policy attributes for the calendar item, determine if an action is required based on the policy attributes, the user entry, and the external entry and execute the action based on the policy attributes when the action is determined to be required. The processor can also be further programmed to present a suggested action based on the policy attributes. The terms “a” or “an,” as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term “plurality,” as used herein, is defined as two or more than two. The term “another,” as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having,” as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term “coupled,” as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. The terms “program,” “software application,” and the like as used herein, are defined as a sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system. A program, computer program, or software application may include a subroutine, a function, a procedure, an object method, an object implementation, an executable application, an applet, a servlet, a source code, an object code, a shared library/dynamic load library and/or other sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system. The “processor” as described herein can be any suitable component or combination of components, including any suitable hardware or software, that are capable of executing the processes described in relation to the inventive arrangements. Other embodiments, when configured in accordance with the inventive arrangements disclosed herein, can include a system for performing as well as a machine readable storage for causing a machine to perform the various processes and methods disclosed herein.
|
['G06F946']
|
summary
|
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