doc_id
int64 10.5M
12.8M
| text
stringlengths 68
38.1k
| ipcr_labels
stringlengths 11
394
| section
stringclasses 5
values |
|---|---|---|---|
12,026,998
|
[invention] Biomass is an increasingly popular starting material for production of a variety of materials. Ever growing energy demands and environmental concerns have particularly prompted much toward work developing convenient and efficient pathways for converting biomass to biofuels, valuable chemicals, and biomaterials. Wood is the most abundant lignocellulosic resource on the planet. Although wood has long been used as raw materials for building, fuel, and various products, its use for converting to biofuel and producing valuable chemicals and biomaterials has only recently been considered in light of development of bioengineering and catalytic chemistry. The complex structure of wood makes it insoluble in common molecular solvents, and preliminary chemical or physical treatment is thus necessary for further applications. Such preliminary treatments, especially chemical treatment, are generally undesirable because of the use and/or release of environmentally unfriendly chemicals. For example, NaOH and NaSH typically must be used to delignify wood in the kraft pulping manufacturing technology, which is the most popular method used in the paper industry. For the traditional conversion of wood into composite-materials, wood flour is used or heterogeneous chemical modification is performed. Performing these processes is plagued by feedstock-degradation, as well as the unavoidable consumption of large amounts of energy and expensive chemicals. The traditional method to obtain biodegradable plastic and composites is heterogeneous graft modification, which has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,382, U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,875, U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,069, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,774. These methods suffer drawbacks such as low efficiency and utilization of hazardous chemicals. Furthermore, these processes lack the desired ability to directly convert lignocellulosic biomass to spinning fibers or membrane materials. Lignin is a vastly under-utilized natural polymer. Commercial lignin is currently produced as a co-product of the paper industry, separated from trees by a chemical pulping process. Lignosulfonates (also called lignin sulfonates and sulfite lignins) are products of sulfite pulping. Kraft lignins (also called sulfate lignins) are obtained from the Kraft pulping process. Other delignification technologies use an organic solvent or a high pressure steam treatment to remove lignins from plants. Because lignins are very complex natural polymers with many random couplings, the exact chemical structure is not known, and the physical and chemical properties of lignin can differ depending on the extraction technology and the plant material from which it is extracted. For example, lignosulfonates are hydrophilic and Kraft lignins are hydrophobic. Lignin is typically used as a stabilizer (e.g. an antioxidant) for plastics and rubber, as well as in the formulation of dispersants, adhesives, and surfactants. Lignin or lignin derivatives have also been used in the production of fully biodegradable lignin-based composites. Ionic liquids have recently received much attention as “green” (environmentally friendly), designable solvents, which are favorable in light of the growing realization of the need to protect the environment. Ionic liquids represent a new way of thinking with regard to solvents. The field is experiencing rapid growth, and offers a starting point for science, industry, and business to cooperate in the formation of a new paradigm of green chemistry and sustainable industry. Ionic liquids offer a range of significant improvements upon conventional solvents, and also exhibit greater ability than water for solubilizing organic compounds. The unique structure of ionic liquids compared to traditional molecular solvents provides for many unique solubilization characteristics. For example, a range of ionic liquids applicable for the dissolution of cellulose are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,559. Furthermore, ionic liquids have shown good solubility characteristics for monomers or polymers and have been used to reconstitute advanced composites materials, as disclosed in International Publication WO 2005/098546. Although using ionic liquids as solvents to process cellulose and lignocellulose have been reported, there is still a void in the art in relation to the conversion of wood lignocellulosics into new biomaterials or the chemical modification of wood based lignocellulose under homogenous conditions.
|
['C08F25102']
|
background
|
12,074,623
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is directed to a self-adhering fabric patch for repairing clothing, and more particularly, to a self-adhering flame retardant patch for quickly repairing tears or openings in clothing and gear such as, but not limited to, military combat uniforms, backpacks, camouflage helmet covers and other fabric articles, without the use of a hot iron or a thread and needle. 2. Discussion of the Related Art Flame resistant materials are commonly used in the manufacture of military uniforms, and particularly combat uniforms, as well as firefighter gear, driving suits and gloves for race car drivers and astronaut suits. Obviously, use of flame resistant fabric materials for these various garments is for the purpose of protecting the wearer from burn injuries as a result of exposure to flames or extreme temperatures. The fire resistant material, typically made from aromatic polyamide fibers, provides a barrier of protection between the wearer's skin and flames from a fire or explosion. However, even a small hole or tear in the fire resistant fabric can compromise the burn protection property of the garment and expose the wearer to serious injury. In the event a direct flame finds its way through a hole or tear in the fire resistant garment, the wearer's undergarments can ignite and cause severe burns and possible fatal injury. Accordingly, it is important to repair all tears and openings in fire protective garments in a manner that completely closes these openings to restore the flame resistant integrity of the garment. The repair of tears and openings is particularly problematic for soldiers wearing military combat uniforms. These soldier uniforms and various items of equipment (e.g. backpacks), usually made of a camouflage fabric such as NOMEX®, NYCO™, DEFENDER-M™, APECS Nylon outerwear, and ECWCS GORE-TEX®/CORDURA® gear are susceptible to tearing and seat and seam failures as a result of the harsh conditions a soldier is exposed to in combat and training operations. In the event a soldier wears a hole or gets a tear in the camouflage uniform or gear, it is extremely important to repair the opening as soon as possible. A tear in the uniform or gear could compromise the camouflage and render the soldier visible to the enemy. And, if the soldier's uniform is flame resistant (e.g. NOMEX®) it is important to close tears or openings in order to preserve the flame resistant integrity of the uniform. Due to the continuous threat of exposure to flames, such as from an improvised explosive device (IED), it is preferable to repair holes as tears in a soldier's uniform while out in the field. Presently, the only available method for soldiers to repair tears and openings in the flame resistant camouflage uniform is with the use of a needle and thread. However, this method of closing a tear or opening is not sufficient to provide full protection. Sewing an opening closed, particularly out in the field, does not restore the complete flame resistant integrity of the uniform. Accordingly, there remains an urgent need for a repair kit that allows a soldier to quickly and easily repair tears and openings in their uniforms and gear.
|
['B32B4300' 'B32B502' 'B32B3300' 'B32B310']
|
background
|
11,446,164
|
[claim] 1. A method of manufacturing liquid crystal displays, said method comprising the steps of: providing a panel assembly structure comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a plurality of sealants, the first substrate and the second substrate being disposed parallel to each other, the sealants connecting inner surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate comprising a plurality of first regions defining third substrates, the second substrate comprising a plurality of second regions defining fourth substrates corresponding to the third substrates, respectively, each third substrate, the corresponding fourth substrate and the corresponding sealant together forming an LCD panel; cutting the first substrate for separating the first regions to obtain separated third substrates; adhering a plurality of first polarizers on outer surfaces of the third substrates, respectively; adhering a second polarizer on an outer surface of the second substrate, the second polarizer comprising a plurality of third regions defining third polarizers corresponding to the fourth substrates, respectively; cutting the second polarizer for separating the third regions to obtain separated third polarizers; and cutting the second substrate for separating the second regions to obtain separated fourth substrates, so that the LCD panels are separated from each other after said adhering steps. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steps of cutting the first and second substrates are performed by using carbon dioxide lasers. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of cutting the second polarizer is performed by using an excimer laser or a carbon dioxide laser. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein each third substrate and the corresponding fourth substrate are a color filter substrate and a thin film transistor substrate, respectively, each thin film transistor substrate is larger than the corresponding color filter substrate, the inner surface of each thin film transistor substrate comprises a plurality of outer leads positioned adjacent and beyond a lateral side of the corresponding color filter substrate, and wherein the step of cutting the first substrate further comprises the step of: exposing the outer leads of each thin film transistor substrate. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the step of cutting the second substrate, the method further comprises the step of: filling a liquid crystal material in each LCD panel, between the corresponding pair of one third substrate and one fourth substrate, and to be surrounded by the corresponding sealant. 6. A method of manufacturing liquid crystal displays, said method comprising the steps of: providing a panel assembly structure comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a plurality of sealants, the first substrates and the second substrate being disposed parallel to each other, the sealants connecting inner surfaces of the first substrate and the second substrate, the first substrate comprising a plurality of first regions defining third substrates, the second substrate comprising a plurality of second regions defining fourth substrates corresponding to the third substrates, respectively, each third substrate, the corresponding fourth substrate and the corresponding sealant together forming an LCD panel; adhering a first polarizer on an outer surface of the first substrate, the first polarizer comprising a plurality of third regions defining second polarizers corresponding to the third substrates, respectively; cutting the first polarizer for separating the third regions to obtain separated second polarizers; cutting the first substrate for separating the first regions to obtain separated third substrates; adhering a third polarizer on an outer surface of the second substrate, the third polarizer comprising a plurality of fourth regions defining fourth polarizers corresponding to the fourth substrates, respectively; cutting the third polarizer for separating the fourth regions to obtain separated fourth polarizers; and cutting the second substrate for separating the second regions to obtain separated fourth substrates, so that the LCD panels are separated from each other after said adhering steps. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the steps of cutting the first and third polarizers are performed by using excimer lasers or carbon dioxide lasers. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the steps of cutting the first and second substrates are performed by using carbon dioxide lasers. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein each third substrate and the corresponding fourth substrate are a color filter substrate and a thin film transistor substrates, respectively, each thin film transistor substrate is larger than the corresponding color filter substrate, the inner surface of each thin film transistor substrate comprises a plurality of outer leads positioned adjacent and beyond a lateral side of the corresponding color filter substrate, and wherein before the step of cutting the second substrate, the method further comprises the step of: disposing a chip on each thin film transistor substrate through a chip on glass (COG) process, the chip being electrically connected to the outer leads of the corresponding LCD panel. 10. The method according to claim 6, wherein each third substrate and the corresponding fourth substrate are a color filter substrates and a thin film transistor substrates, respectively, each thin film transistor substrate is larger than the corresponding color filter substrate, the inner surface of each thin film transistor substrate comprises a plurality of outer leads positioned adjacent and beyond a lateral side of the corresponding color filter substrate, and wherein before the step of cutting the second substrate, the method further comprises the step of: grinding the edges of the thin film transistor substrates and beveling the corners of the thin film transistor substrates; and disposing a package on each ground and beveled thin film transistor substrate through a tape automatic bonding (TAB) process, the package being electrically connected to the outer leads of the corresponding LCD panel. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein between the step of adhering the third polarizer and the step of cutting the second substrate, the method further comprises the steps of: correspondingly inputting a plurality of testing signals to the LCD panels by a plurality of test cards, and observing the image quality of the LCD panels under light-emission, wherein
|
['H01L21336']
|
claim
|
12,327,325
|
[invention] The present invention relates to an engine system, particularly for vehicles. Current “hybrid” vehicles include an internal combustion engine that is supplemented by one or more electric motors powered by electrical batteries. The batteries are recharged by recouping some of the energy that would otherwise be lost during braking, i.e. regenerative braking. One problem with current hybrids is that the batteries cannot be charged quickly and therefore cannot recoup all the large amounts of energy that is available in a short time during braking.
|
['B60K608' 'B60K620']
|
background
|
11,786,783
|
Liquid crystal display device and common voltage generating circuit [SEP] [abstract] A common voltage generating circuit which is provided to an active matrix type liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixel electrodes, switch elements provided correspondingly to the pixel electrodes and a counter electrode opposed to the pixel electrodes, and generates a common voltage to be applied to the counter electrode. The circuit has an operational amplifier that amplifies a signal for generating a common voltage in a non-inversion manner, and a transistor that amplifies an output from the operational amplifier so as to output the common voltage. An output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected directly to an inversion input terminal not via the transistor so that the operational amplifier is a full-feedback voltage follower.
|
['G09G336']
|
abstract
|
12,567,602
|
Semiconductor Device Portion Having Gate Electrode Conductive Structures Formed from Linear Shaped Gate Electrode Layout Features Defined with Minimum End-to-End Spacing and Having At Least Eight Transistors [SEP] [abstract] A semiconductor device includes a substrate portion having a plurality of diffusion regions defined therein. The semiconductor device includes a gate electrode level region including a number of conductive features defined to extend in only a first parallel direction. Adjacent ones of the number of conductive features that share a common line of extent in the first parallel direction are fabricated from respective originating layout features that are separated from each other by an end-to-end spacing having a size that is substantially equal across the gate electrode level region and is minimized to an extent allowed by a semiconductor device manufacturing capability. Some of the conductive features within the gate electrode level region extend over the plurality of diffusion regions to form PMOS or NMOS transistor devices. A total number of the PMOS and NMOS transistor devices in the gate electrode level region is greater than or equal to eight.
|
['H01L27088']
|
abstract
|
11,264,926
|
[invention] The present invention relates to computer-based systems for enhancing collaboration between and among individuals who are separated by distance and/or time (referred to herein as “distributed collaboration”). Principal among the invention's goals is to replicate in a desktop environment, to the maximum extent possible, the full range, level and intensity of interpersonal communication and information sharing which would occur if all the participants were together in the same room at the same time (referred to herein as “face-to-face collaboration”). It is well known to behavioral scientists that interpersonal communication involves a large number of subtle and complex visual cues, referred to by names like “eye contact” and “body language,” which provide additional information over and above the spoken words and explicit gestures. These cues are, for the most part, processed subconsciously by the participants, and often control the course of a meeting. In addition to spoken words, demonstrative gestures and behavioral cues, collaboration often involves the sharing of visual information—e.g., printed material such as articles, drawings, photographs, charts and graphs, as well as videotapes and computer-based animations, visualizations and other displays—in such a way that the participants can collectively and interactively examine, discuss, annotate and revise the information. This combination of spoken words, gestures, visual cues and interactive data sharing significantly enhances the effectiveness of collaboration in a variety of contexts, such as “brainstorming” sessions among professionals in a particular field, consultations between one or more experts and one or more clients, sensitive business or political negotiations, and the like. In distributed collaboration settings, then, where the participants cannot be in the same place at the same time, the beneficial effects of face-to-face collaboration will be realized only to the extent that each of the remotely located participants can be “recreated” at each site. To illustrate the difficulties inherent in reproducing the beneficial effects of face-to-face collaboration in a distributed collaboration environment, consider the case of decision-making in the fast-moving commodities trading markets, where many thousands of dollars of profit (or loss) may depend on an expert trader making the fight decision within hours, or even minutes, of receiving a request from a distant client. The expert requires immediate access to a wide range of potentially relevant information such as financial data, historical pricing information, current price quotes, newswire services, government policies and programs, economic forecasts, weather reports, etc. Much of this information can be processed by the expert in isolation. However, before making a decision to buy or sell, he or she will frequently need to discuss the information with other experts, who may be geographically dispersed, and with the client. One or more of these other experts may be in a meeting, on another call, or otherwise temporarily unavailable. In this event, the expert must communicate “asynchronously”—to bridge time as well as distance. As discussed below, prior art desktop videoconferencing systems provide, at best, only a partial solution to the challenges of distributed collaboration in real time, primarily because of their lack of high-quality video (which is necessary for capturing the visual cues discussed above) and their limited data sharing capabilities. Similarly, telephone answering machines, voice mail, fax machines and conventional electronic mail systems provide incomplete solutions to the problems presented by deferred (asynchronous) collaboration because they are totally incapable of communicating visual cues, gestures, etc and, like conventional videoconferencing systems, are generally limited in the richness of the data that can be exchanged. It has been proposed to extend traditional videoconferencing capabilities from conference centers, where groups of participants must assemble in the same room, to the desktop, where individual participants may remain in their office or home. Such a system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,917 to Tompkins et al for Video Conferencing Network issued on Dec. 1, 1987. It has also been proposed to augment such video conferencing systems with limited “video mail” facilities. However, such dedicated videoconferencing systems (and extensions thereof) do not effectively leverage the investment in existing embedded information infrastructures—such as desktop personal computers and workstations, local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN) environments, building wiring, etc.—to facilitate interactive sharing of data in the form of text, images, charts, graphs, recorded video, screen displays and the like. That is, they attempt to add computing capabilities to a videoconferencing system, rather than adding multimedia and collaborative capabilities to the user's existing computer system. Thus, while such systems may be useful in limited contexts, they do not provide the capabilities required for maximally effective collaboration, and are not cost-effective. Conversely, audio and video capture and processing capabilities have recently been integrated into desktop and portable personal computers and workstations (hereinafter generically referred to as “workstations”). These capabilities have been used primarily in desktop multimedia authoring systems for producing CD-ROM-based works. While such systems are capable of processing, combining, and recording audio, video and data locally (i.e., at the desktop), they do not adequately support networked collaborative environments, principally due to the substantial bandwidth requirements for real-time transmission of high-quality, digitized audio and full-motion video which preclude conventional LANs from supporting more than a few workstations. Thus, although currently available desktop multimedia computers frequently include videoconferencing and other multimedia or collaborative capabilities within their advertised feature set (see, e.g., A Reinhardt, “Video Conquers the Desktop,” BYTE, September 1993, pp. 64-90), such systems have not yet solved the many problems inherent in any practical implementation of a scalable collaboration system.
|
['G06F1516']
|
background
|
11,686,648
|
[description] Reference will now be made in detail to the present exemplary embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. FIGS. 1-5 show an embodiment of the sheet dispenser 10. The dispenser 10 includes a housing 12 including an outlet 14 and a cover (not shown). Disposed within the housing 12 are a nib roller 16, a dispensing roller 18, a sheet material source 20, a paper guard 23, and a perforation sensor 22. Attached to the dispensing roller 18 is a brake assembly 24. A rotational monitor 26 is shown attached to the dispensing roller 18, although the rotational monitor 26 could be attached to the nib roller 16. The perforation sensor 22, brake assembly 24, and rotational monitor 26 are in electrical communication with a controller 28. The controller 28 can be any suitable controller, such as microchip PI C 12C508 obtained from Microchip Technology, Inc., located at 2355 West Chandler Boulevard, Chandler, Ariz. In the preferred embodiment, the sheet material source 20 is a roll of sheet material 21 wound on a core 30. The sheet material 21 can be paper towel, toilet paper, tissue paper, wrapping paper, or any other sheet material. In this embodiment, the sheet material 21 includes spaced apart zones of weakness, such as perforations 32, that permit tearing off of individual sheets 34 when they are dispensed. The perforations are preferably arranged in spaced rows. In each row, the perforations 32 could have substantially the same size, or the perforations 32 closer to the middle of the sheet material 21 could be larger than the perforations 32 at the edges of the sheet material 21. There are also many other ways the perforations could be arranged. As shown in FIG. 1A, a tail end 36, of the sheet material extends from the outlet 14. The sheet material source 20 is rotatably supported in an upper portion 38 of the housing 12 on a pair of spaced support members 40, 42. The housing 12 could be configured to accommodate additional sheet material sources. For example, the lower portion 44 could be configured to accommodate a partially used source, such as a stub roll. As shown in FIG. 1B, the nib roller 16 is arranged adjacent the dispensing roller 18 so that the nib roller 16 and dispensing roller 18 form a nip for the sheet material. The nib roller 16 can be formed as a single roller as shown, or as a plurality of separate roller sections (not shown). The surface 50 of the nib roller 16 preferably has a high coefficient of friction. The nib roller 16 is rotatably supported by a pair of support members 46, 48, as shown in FIG. 2. During dispensing, the sheet material 21 contacts the surface 50 causing the nib roller 16 to rotate. The dispensing roller 18, as shown in FIG. 2, is formed from a plurality of roller sections 52 arranged on a shaft 54. Adjacent roller sections are spaced from one another. The roller sections 52 and shaft 54 share a common axis of rotation. Each roller section 52 has a surface 56 preferably having a high coefficient of friction. The shaft 54 has a first end 58 supported by an optional support member 60, and a second end 62 supported by an optional support member 64. In the preferred embodiment, each end 58, 62 extends through the respective support member 60, 64 and housing 12. The first end 58 is coupled to the rotational monitor 26, and the second end 62 is coupled to the brake assembly 24. The sheet material 21 contacts the surface 56 and causes the dispensing roller 18 to rotate during dispensing. An optional manual rotating knob 27 can be coupled to the second end 62 of the shaft 54. Rotation of the knob 27 rotates the dispensing roller 18 to dispense the sheet material in the event that a tail end 36 of the sheet material 21 is not extending a sufficient distance outside of the outlet 14. The rotating knob 27 could also be used when a paper jam occurs. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotational monitor 26 includes a counting wheel 66 and a counter 68. The counting wheel 66 is affixed to the first end 58 of the shaft, and includes a plurality of cut-outs 70. The adjacent cut-outs 70 are spaced equally apart from each other in a circumferential manner along the outer surface of the wheel 66, the cut-outs representing known angles of rotation. The counter 68 engages a single cut-out at any one time. When sheet material is dispensed, the sheet material causes the dispensing roller 18 to rotate and this rotation causes the counter wheel 66 to rotate a corresponding amount. The rotation of the counter wheel 66 triggers the counter 68 to send signals to the controller 28. In the preferred embodiment, each count represents 0.25 inch amount of sheet material 21 being advanced through the dispenser 10 toward the outlet 14. Although the rotational monitor described above includes a counting wheel and counter, other suitable rotational monitors could be used. In addition, one of ordinary skill in the art should recognize that the nib roller and/or dispenser roller could be eliminated. Accordingly, certain aspects of the invention could be practiced without including these elements and also without using any type of rotational monitoring structure. On the second end 62 of the shaft 54, as shown in FIG. 4, is located the brake assembly 24. The brake assembly 24 includes a brake wheel 72 configured to rotate along with the shaft 54, and a solenoid 74. The brake wheel 72 is affixed to the second end 62, and includes a plurality of detents 76. The solenoid 74 includes a plunger 78, which is sized to engage a respective one of
|
['B26F302' 'B65H3510']
|
detailed_description
|
11,533,737
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a typical prior art driver for parallel LEDs; FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a typical prior art driver for series-connected LEDs; FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram depicting a LED driver in accordance with the present disclosure for driving series-connected LEDs; FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram depicting an adaptive boost converter used for controlling the operation of series-connected LEDs; FIG. 5 is a simple block diagram of an IC which implements the adaptive boost converter illustrated in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a is a circuit diagram depicting an example of an adaptive boost converter used for controlling the operation of parallel-connected LEDs; FIG. 7 is timing chart illustrating the association of boost voltage output with interleaved driving of parallel-connected strings of 2, 3 and 4 LEDs; FIG. 8 is timing chart illustrating the association of boost voltage output with interleaved driving of parallel-connected strings of 2, 3 and 4 LEDs; FIG. 9 is a block diagram depicting an example of an LED driver for driving LEDs or strings of LEDs; and FIG. 10 is a is a circuit diagram depicting an example of an adaptive boost converter used for controlling the operation of parallel-connected LEDs.
|
['H05B3308']
|
detailed_description
|
11,701,147
|
[description] The invention relates to a side entry terminal pin having a simplified structure for connecting to a wire. Such a pin is particularly useful in various types of equipment wherein electronic components are to be connected to wires. For example, such pins are particularly useful in power connections to the motor of a compressor. FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a pin 10 in accordance with the present invention. Pin 10 has a substantially elongate pin body 12 having a longitudinal axis A. Pin 10 has a threaded end 14 which is typically used for securing within an electronic component or piece of machinery as is well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Pin 10 also has a terminal head 16 which is adapted to connect to a wire, and the structure of terminal head 16 is the thrust of the present invention. Terminal head 16 is advantageously defined at one end of pin 10, and this end of the pin can typically have a flatted portion 18, a flange 20, and an extension 22 extending to the end of pin 10 from flange 20 as shown in FIG. 1. An opening 24 is positioned in extension 22, and can advantageously extend completely through extension 22. Opening 24 is advantageously positioned substantially transverse to longitudinal axis A of pin 10, such that a wire to be positioned within opening 24 enters opening 24 from the “side” of extension 22. It should be appreciated that substantially transverse as used herein does not require a perpendicular orientation. Even an angle of 45° with respect to axis A would be considered to fall within the broad scope of the present invention. A particularly preferred orientation, however, is substantially perpendicular. Flange 20 can advantageously be a substantially rounded member, while extension 22 can advantageously have a substantially narrowing surface, which narrows in a direction away from flange 22, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In accordance with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, extension 22 has a substantially conical shape, which is a desirable shape from the standpoint of simple and easy manufacture. Of course, extension 22 could have other shapes as well, all of which are considered to be within the broad scope of the present invention. Still referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, extension 22 can advantageously have a substantially concave end surface 26. End surface 26, and the concave nature thereof, serves to provide an excellent surface upon which a crimping force F can be applied as is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2. Opening 24 can be formed having a smooth inner bore, or can preferably be formed having a threaded inner bore so that crimping creates a better grip upon a wire positioned therein. In accordance with a particularly preferred aspect of the present invention, extension 22 and opening 24 are defined as an integral portion of the rest of pin 10 such that a single unitary element, (i.e. one piece of material), provides the pin, flange and connecting structure for crimping of a wire to extension 22. This results in a reduced-space connection without the additional hardware originally thought needed to provide a suitable connection. This is a substantial saving in cost of the connection as compared to connections using an additional bolt, or an additional connecting member which must be connected to the end of a wire. Thus, the present invention provides a connection with reduced space requirements and without the added expense of extra parts. It should therefore be readily appreciated that pin 10 in accordance with the present invention advantageously provides for a far simpler and more cost effective method of connecting a wire to the pin, which is particularly useful when connecting to electrical components in sealed environments. In accordance with the invention, connection is carried out by providing a pin 10 such as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and described above, by positioning a wire 28 (FIG. 2) within opening 24, and by applying crimping force F to surface 26 to deform extension 22 and close walls of opening 24 upon the outside surface of wire 28. This advantageously secures wire 28 firmly within opening 24 as desired. The inside surface of opening 24 can be provided with ridges or other gripping structures if desired, to enhance the hold on wire 28 secured within opening 24. Pin 10 in accordance with the present invention can advantageously be provided from any suitable material. Particularly preferred materials include copper, steel and the like, and copper is preferred. Returning to FIG. 1, elongate pin body 12 can advantageously have a central portion which is substantially smooth walled, and which transitions in one direction to flatted portion 18, then flange 20 and finally extension 22 with end surface 26. In the opposite direction, pin 10 has a tapered portion 30 leading to threaded portion 14 and opposites end 32 of pin 10. The smooth walled portion is useful for sealing, and a rubber grommet (not shown) can be positioned around the smooth walled surface to provide a seal as may be desired. This structure is particularly useful in various different desired connections of electrical components to wiring, particularly when limited space is available and the components are within a sealed environment, and also where connection is to be made to heavy machinery components such as the motor for driving a compressor and the like. It should readily be appreciated that pin 10 in accordance with the present invention is a substantial improvement over conventional devices by avoiding the need for separate bolts, wire connecting structures, washers and the like, and also by avoiding the relatively expensive procedure of forming a longitudinal bore in the end of the pin. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrations described and shown therein, which are deemed to be merely illustrative of the best modes of carrying out the invention, and which can be modified in
|
['H01R410']
|
detailed_description
|
12,129,428
|
[summary] Embodiments of the present invention provide a distinct advance in the art of golf swing analysis methods and devices by providing a method and device that associates actual ball flight data with sensed swing characteristic data. Embodiments of the invention may be implemented with an electronic device that includes a location-determining component; a sensor; a display; and a computing device all housed within a portable, handheld or wearable enclosure. The electronic device and its components illustrated and described herein are merely examples of a device and components that may be used to implement embodiments of the invention and may be replaced with other devices and components without departing from the scope of the claims. The location determining component is used to determine an approximate start position of a golf ball and an approximate rest position of the golf ball after it has been struck. In one embodiment, the location-determining component is a satellite navigation receiver that receives satellite signals from a plurality of satellites and determines location information as a function of the satellite signals. In other embodiments, the location determining component may receive location information from other external devices such as a separate satellite navigation receiver. The sensor senses at least one swing characteristic of the golfer or the golfer's golf club as the golfer strikes the golf ball. For example, the sensor may sense a club head loft angle, a club head face angle, a club head velocity, a club swing path, a club swing plane, the golfer's stance, the golfer's head position, swing timing, the golfer's backswing, the golfer's impact position, the golfer's follow-through, the golfer's shoulder rotation, the golfer's wrist angle, or any other aspect of a golf swing. In some embodiments, the sensor may be configured to be placed on the ground near a golf ball to be struck so as to sense a movement, speed, or position of a golf club as it strikes the ball. For example, the sensor may be a position or motion type sensor including a radiation source for providing a plane of radiation through which a golf club can pass, a radiation sensor or reflector carried by the golf club, a timing circuit operable for determining a time period between passage of portions of the golf club head through the radiation plane, and a processing system for processing the time period and calculating a characteristic value for club head movement through a ball impact zone. The sensed club head characteristic may be, for example, the club's loft angle, face angle, velocity, path or other measurable characteristic. In other embodiments, the sensor may be configured to be worn or carried by the golfer to sense a swing characteristic based on the golfer's movements. For example, the sensor may be an inertial type sensor including one or more accelerometers and a processing system. The accelerometers measure accelerations of the golfer's arm or other body part, and the processing system estimates a motion parameter utilizing the acceleration measurements. The motion parameter may be, for example, a duration of the golfer's backswing, downswing, or follow-through or a speed or tempo of the golfer's swing or portion of a swing. In still other embodiments, both a motion-type sensor and an inertial-type sensor may be used to sense the same swing characteristics or may be used to sense different but related swing characteristics. The sensor or sensors described herein for sensing swing characteristics may be replaced with other known golf swing sensors. The computing device is coupled with the location-determining component and the sensor for calculating ball flight data and associating it with data for the sensed swing characteristics. The ball flight data may be calculated based on the approximate start position and the approximate rest position of the golf ball and may include, for example, a driving distance or other distance of the golf ball; an angle between the approximate start position and approximate rest position of the golf ball; a distance between the approximate rest position of the golf ball and a fairway; a distance between the approximate rest position of the golf ball and a green; a distance between the approximate rest position of the golf ball and a portion of a green; a distance between the approximate rest position of the golf ball and a flagstick; or a distance between the approximate rest position of the golf ball and a hazard. The computing device may associate the ball flight data with the swing characteristic data by storing the data together in memory, linking the data in memory, displaying representations of the data together, or by any other method. In some embodiments, the computing device may also associate the ball flight data and swing characteristic data by creating a reference profile for a golfer based on the ball flight data and the swing characteristic data for a plurality of golf swings. The computing device may also associate ball flight data and/or swing characteristic data with particular golf clubs. The housing may be sized and configured so it can be laid on the ground in the vicinity of a golf ball to be struck to sense a swing characteristic. In other embodiments, the housing is wearable, much like a watch, to sense a swing characteristic based on a user's arm or other body movements while swinging. In yet other embodiments, the electronic device may consist of both a handheld device and a wearable device that each perform some of the functions described herein. These and other aspects of the present invention are described more fully in the detailed description below.
|
['A63B6936']
|
summary
|
11,302,228
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power supply circuit for producing a reference current with a prescribable temperature dependence, the circuit in which two current sinks are provided, which at their respective input take up a first input current or a second input current, and in which the current sinks at their respective output are connected to a node having a reference potential, the output of at least one current sink being connected via a resistor to the node having the reference potential. 2. Description of the Background Art Power supply circuits are known and are used, for example, in integrated circuits to create internal voltage references with a prescribable or disappearing temperature dependence. Two current sinks can be made hereby as MOS field-effect transistors, whereby drain currents of the field-effect transistors correspond to the input currents. The field-effect transistors, e.g., because of the different layout of the surface area of their respective gate electrodes are designed in such a way that at identical input or drain currents, different current densities and thereby also different gate-source voltages of the field-effect transistors result, whereby a voltage resulting from the difference of the different gate-source voltages, in addition to an area ratio of the respective gate electrodes, depends on the ambient temperature, among other factors. This temperature-dependent voltage is applied to the resistor that connects an output of a current sink, i.e., a source electrode of the corresponding field-effect transistor, to a node having a reference potential. In this way, the temperature dependence of the current flowing through the resistor can be set with use of the known temperature dependence of the aforementioned voltage and of a resistor with a prescribable temperature coefficient. This current is also designated as the reference current within the meaning of the present invention. Another circuit that uses bipolar transistors as current sinks is cited, for example, in Tietze, U., Schenk, Ch.: Halbleiterschaltungstechnik (Semi-conductor Technology); 10 th ed., Berlin, Springer 1993, FIG. 26.20 on page 900. Moreover, a method for producing an output current with a prescribed temperature coefficient is known from DE 102 22 307 A1, which corresponds to U.S. Publication No. 2003214277, in which currents of two current sinks are added or subtracted from one another and wherein the currents and/or temperature coefficients of the current sinks are different from one another. It turned out, however, that with these conventional devices, particularly in a realization of the power supply circuit in the form of an integrated circuit, not all possibly desired temperature dependences of the reference current flowing through the resistor can be set. With use of the conventional devices, no reliably operating power supply circuits could be realized, particularly for very small reference currents in the nanoampere range, especially for current strengths of about 20 nA to 50 nA.
|
['G05F316']
|
background
|
12,206,956
|
[summary] An objective of the present invention is to make a light source using light emitting diodes (LEDs) slimmer. Another objective of the present invention is to simplify an assembly process of a backlight for an LCD device. To achieve the objectives, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a two-dimensional light source comprising a base substrate, a wire member, a light emitting diode (LED) chip, a plug member, a buffer layer, and an optical layer. The base substrate has a lower surface and an upper surface and a hole. The hole penetrates the base substrate. The wire member is disposed on a lower surface of the base substrate. The LED chip is disposed on the upper surface of the base substrate and has an electrode member. The plug member is disposed in the hole and connects the electrode member to the wire member through the hole. The buffer layer that covers the LED chip. The optical layer is disposed on the buffer layer and includes a pattern member disposed at a portion of the optical layer corresponding to the LED chip. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a two-dimensional light source comprising two-dimensional light source modules arranged substantially in a matrix. Each light source module includes a base substrate having holes, wires disposed on a lower surface of the base substrate, a light emitting diode (LED) chip disposed on an upper surface of the base substrate, plugs that connect electrodes of the LED chip to the wires through the holes, a buffer layer that covers the LED chip, and an optical layer disposed on the buffer layer and including an optical pattern formed at a portion of the optical layer corresponding to the LED chip. According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display (LCD) device comprising a two-dimensional light source and a liquid crystal panel assembly that is disposed proximate to the two-dimensional light source and includes two panels and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the two panels. In this structure, the two-dimensional light source includes a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having holes passing from a lower surface to an upper surface of the PCB substrate, wires disposed on the lower surface of the PCB substrate, a heat radiating substrate that has holes passing from a lower surface to an upper surface of the heat radiating substrate and whose lower surface is attached to the upper surface of the PCB substrate, a light emitting diode (LED) chip disposed on the upper surface of the heat radiating substrate, plugs that connect electrodes of the LED chip to the wires through the holes of the PCB and heat radiating substrates, a buffer layer that covers the LED chip, and an optical layer disposed on the buffer layer and including an optical pattern formed at a portion of the optical layer corresponding to the LED chip. This liquid crystal display device may further comprise two polarizers provided at both sides of the liquid crystal panel assembly. This liquid crystal display device may further comprise an optical film provided between the two-dimensional light source and the liquid crystal panel assembly. In this structure, an upper surface of the buffer layer may be planarized.
|
['H01L3300']
|
summary
|
11,366,774
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multilayer capacitor. 2. Related Background Art Known as this kind of multilayer capacitor is one comprising a multilayer body in which a plurality of dielectric layers and a plurality of inner electrodes are alternately laminated, and a plurality of terminal conductors formed on the multilayer body. Power supplies for central processing units (CPUs) mounted in digital electronic devices have been increasing their load current while lowering their voltage. Therefore, it has become very difficult to suppress the fluctuation in power supply voltage under a tolerable level in response to a drastic change in load current, whereby a multilayer capacitor known as decoupling capacitor has come into connection with a power supply. At the time when the load current fluctuates transiently, the multilayer capacitor supplies a current to the CPU, thereby suppressing the fluctuation of the power supply voltage. In recent years, as the CPUs have further been raising their operating frequencies, the load current has been becoming faster and greater, whereby the multilayer capacitor used in the decoupling capacitor is demanded to increase its capacity and equivalent series resistance (ESR). Therefore, a multilayer capacitor whose terminal conductor has a multilayer structure including an inner resistance layer, so as to increase the equivalent series resistance has been under consideration.
|
['H01G4005']
|
background
|
11,245,058
|
[summary] The present invention has been developed to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims at providing a printing method and a printing system capable of easily printing a client desired image. To attain the above-described advantage, a first aspect of the present invention provides a printing method of an image for which a client places a print order by making an image quality correction to an item indicated by the client, the method comprising: managing a print history of a client individually for each client; detecting an image for which an order for repeat print is placed as an image to be repeat-printed, from among images for which print orders are accepted from the client, based on the print history; and setting an item of image quality correction and an amount of correction based on the print history such that the same image quality correction as the image quality correction made before to the image to be repeat-printed can be made. According to the first aspect, the print history of a client is individually managed. When an image to be repeat-printed is included in the images for which a client has placed a print order, an item of image quality correction and an amount of correction are set based on the print history such that the same image quality correction as the image quality correction made before can be made on the image to be repeat-printed. Thus, laborious settings for image quality correction are not required, and an image having the same image quality as the previously printed image can be easily obtained. To attain the above-described advantage, a second aspect of the present invention provides the printing method according to the first aspect, wherein on an image for which a print order is newly placed, a most frequently used item of image quality correction in items of image quality correction made before by a client who places a print order is detected as a most frequently used image quality correction item from the print history; an image requiring image quality correction of the detected most frequently used image quality correction item is extracted as an image to be corrected from among images for which print orders are newly placed based on the print history; an image most requiring image quality correction is extracted as a target image most requiring correction from among extracted images to be corrected based on the print history; a plurality of sample images are generated by stepwise changing an amount of correction of the extracted target image most requiring correction and making image quality correction to the most frequently used image quality correction item; one of the plurality of generated sample images is selected; and an item of image quality correction to be made to the image to be corrected and an amount of correction are set such that the same image quality correction as the image quality correction made to the selected sample image can be made. According to the second aspect, based on the print history of a client, client-desired image quality correction can be automatically set for the image for which a print order is newly placed. That is, the most frequently used item of image quality correction in the items of image quality correction made before by a client is first detected as the most frequently used image quality correction item from the print history. Images requiring the image quality correction of the detected most frequently used image quality correction item are extracted based on the print history as images to be corrected from among the images for which print orders are newly placed. From among the extracted images to be corrected, the image most requiring image quality correction is extracted as a target image most requiring correction based on the print history. The image quality correction of the most frequently used image quality correction item is made by stepwise changing the amount of correction to the extracted target image most requiring correction, and a plurality of sample images are generated. One of the plurality of generated sample images is selected, and an item of image quality correction to be made to the image to be corrected and an amount of correction are set such that the same image quality correction as the image quality correction made to the selected sample image can be made. Thus, client-desired image quality correction can be automatically set for an image for which an order is newly placed. To attain the above-described advantage, a third aspect of the present invention provides the printing method of printing an image for which a client places a print order by making an image quality correction to an item indicated by the client according to the first aspect, wherein a print history of a client is individually managed for each client; a most frequently used item of image quality correction in items of image quality correction made before by a client who places a print order is detected as a most frequently used image quality correction item from the print history; an image requiring image quality correction of the detected most frequently used image quality correction item is extracted as an image to be corrected from among images for which print orders are newly placed based on the print history; an image most requiring image quality correction is extracted as a target image most requiring correction from among extracted images to be corrected based on the print history; a plurality of sample images are generated by stepwise changing an amount of correction of the extracted target image most requiring correction and making image quality correction to the most frequently used image quality correction item; one of the plurality of generated sample images is selected; and an item of image quality correction to be made to the image to be corrected and an amount of correction are set such that the same image quality correction as the image quality correction made to the selected sample image can be made. According to
|
['G06F312']
|
summary
|
11,832,098
|
Touch Fasteners With Embedded Particles [SEP] [abstract] A method of making a touch fastener includes continuously introducing molten resin to a pressure zone at a peripheral surface of a rotating mold roll, such that pressure in the pressure zone forces some of the resin into an array of stem cavities defined in the mold roll to form resin stems while a remainder of the resin forms a base at the roll surface, interconnecting the stems. The method includes forming engageable heads on the stems to form fastener elements and introducing a quantity of discrete, loose particles to the resin at an entrance to the pressure zone, such that the particles become part of the base.
|
['B28B2320']
|
abstract
|
11,247,786
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to a wireless communication system, and more particularly to a communication method for improving the flexibility of resource allocation and maximizing the system performance through an enhanced hybrid duplexing technology (EHDT) that selectively applies diverse duplexing modes. 2. Description of the Related Art The next-generation wireless communication system, including the 3rd generation mobile communications, attempts simultaneous support of multimedia services of diverse traffic characteristics such as broadcastings and real-time video conferences in addition to voice services. Accordingly, in order to efficiently provide services of such diverse characteristics, a duplexing technique in consideration of asymmetry and continuity of uplink/downlink according to the service characteristics is required. Generally, the duplexing technique is classified into a time division duplexing (TDD) and a frequency division duplexing (FDD). TDD is a technique for implementing bidirectional communication by dividing the same frequency band into time slots and alternately switching transmission and reception slots. An FDD is a technique for implementing bidirectional communication by dividing a given frequency band into transmission and reception bands. In a TDD-based communication system, a base station can allocate a part or all of usable time slots to a terminal, and through this variable allocation of the time slots, asymmetric communication is possible. However, in TDD, if the radius of a cell is extended, a protection section between the transmission/reception time slots is increased due to a round trip delay and this causes the transmission efficiency to be lowered. Accordingly, it is improper to use TDD in a communication environment in which the cell has a large radius such as a macro cell. Additionally, in TDD, the asymmetric ratios of the respective cells are not equal to each other in a multi-cell environment, and thus severe frequency interference occurs between terminals located on the border of an adjacent cell. In an FDD-based communication system, the frequency bands for transmission and reception are separated from each other, and thus no time delay for the transmission or reception occurs. Accordingly, no round trip delay due to the time delay occurs. Therefore, FDD is suitable to the cell environment in which the cell has a large radius such as the macro cell. However, in FDD, the transmission frequency band and the reception frequency band are fixed, which it is not proper for duplexing the asymmetric transmission. Therefore, research into duplexing techniques that mix the two kinds of duplexing techniques in consideration of the diverse next-generation communication environments and traffic characteristics is being actively progressed. FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional duplexing technique based on a dual band. Referring to FIG. 1 , a base station performs the same-period transmission/reception mode conversion with respect to two frequency band channels, i.e., wide-band and narrow-band channels, and terminals connected to the base station operate in a reverse mode to the base station and are allocated with resources for reception and transmission on the two frequency band channels without any overlap. That is, with respect to the wide-band channel 101 a of the transmission mode section of the base station, terminal #1 and terminal #2 each occupy half of the wide-band channel 101 a as their reception mode sections, and terminal #3 and terminal #4 are allocated with parts of the narrow-band channel 103 A of the base station transmission mode section as their reception mode sections 103 A- 2 and 103 A- 1 , respectively. Additionally, with respect to the wide-band channel 101 b of the reception mode section of the base station, terminal #1 and terminal #4 occupy parts of the wide-band channel 101 b as their transmission mode sections 101 b - 1 and 101 b - 2 , and terminal #2 and terminal #3 occupy parts of the narrow-band channel 103 B of the base station reception mode section as their transmission mode sections 103 B- 2 and 103 B- 1 , respectively. Although the duplexing technique based on the dual band as described above enables flexible resource allocation possible by combining and allocating the wide-band channel and the narrow-band channel, it is difficult to expect the link continuity inherent in FDD because the transmission/reception mode conversions of the wide-band channel and the narrow-band channel are simultaneously performed. FIG. 2 illustrates a duplexing technique based on band switching. According to this duplexing technique based on a band switching, an uplink and a downlink are periodically repeated for a specified period (Tsec) within one band, and thus the other band is simultaneously used as the uplink and downlink with the channel conversion characteristic of TDD. However, when duplexing based on the band switching, because the same band channels are used, the flexibility of resource allocation is lowered and it is difficult to implement an asymmetric transmission by the periodic channel conversion.
|
['H04Q700']
|
background
|
11,496,918
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to semiconductor light emitting diodes (LED or LEDs) and more particularly to LED packages with optical elements. 2. Description of the Related Art Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are solid state devices that convert electric energy to light, and generally comprise one or more active layers of semiconductor material sandwiched between oppositely doped layers. When a bias is applied across the doped layers, holes and electrons are injected into the active layer where they recombine to generate light. Light is emitted from the active layer and from all surfaces of the LED. The useful light is generally emitted in the direction of the LED's top surface. LEDs are often arranged in packages that can include a molded or cast plastic body that encapsulates an LED chip, a lens, and conductive traces or leads. Heat is typically generated by LEDs when power is applied and they are emitting light. The traces or leads serve as a conduit to supply the LED chip with electrical power and can also serve to draw heat away from the LED chip. In some packages, a portion of the lead frame extends out of the package for connection to circuits external to the lead frame package. LED packages typically have some type of encapsulant surrounding the LED chip to enhance light extraction from the chip and protect the chip and related contacts structure (e.g. wire bonds) from exposure to physical damage or environmental conditions which could lead to corrosion or degradation. The lens can have a hemispherical shape and can be mounted to the package by the encapsulant. The lens can serve as an optical element to enhance light extraction from the package and in some instances, to provide output light beam shaping by controlling the angle-dependent emission properties of the lamp. Present surface-mount LED package technology typically utilizes either a separate glass lens or a molded silicone lens. For surface mount packages, which typically require high temperature (200-300° C.) solder reflow processing to attach the LED package to its final fixture, the possible lens materials typically include silicones and glasses. These lenses are piecepart molded using known processes and are then affixed to the LED package. These lens materials can also have a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compared to the surrounding package components. This cani result in the cracking or delaminating of the LED chip or package elements, both of which can reduce light extraction from the LED package. This difference in CTE can also result in damage to the LED chip, and in particular the wire bond can be broken or pulled from the LED. This can result in failure of the LED package. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0079957 to Loh discloses an LED package utilizing a “floating lens” concept in which a solid hemispherical lens is located above the LED chip and is attached to the package by a silicone encapsulant. It includes a reflector plate that functions as a heat sink to conduct heat away from the LED chip and has reflective surfaces to direct light from the LED chip in the desired direction. Further, lateral forces can be applied to the lens during fabrication, installation, or operation, and to reduce this problem the reflective plate is also designed with retention features to constrain lateral motion of the lens. The lens is also allowed to “float” in the vertical direction, moving up and down in response to expansions and contractions through thermal cycles. This allows stress in the silicone encapsulant arising from thermal expansion of the encapsulant to be reduced, thereby reducing the chance for tearing of delamination. These packages typically use a solid hemispherical lens with a substantially flat or planar surface. The lens is mounted above the LED chip to allow clearance for the LED chip wire bonds, which requires that the LED chip be placed below the origin of the hemisphere. Further, for the reflective plate's retention features to retain the lens against lateral forces may be necessary for a retaining feature to rise above the bottom surface and surround the lower portion of the lens. In the package described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0079957 to Loh, the hemispherical lens sits within a recessed lip of the reflector plate. For various cost and fabrication reasons, this retaining feature is typically not transparent to light but rather is reflective. This arrangement can result in some of the light emitted by the LED chip being lost due to loss mechanisms such as total internal reflection. Further, because the LED chip sits below the bottom surface of the hemispheric lens, additional reflective surfaces are required to direct sideways emitted LED light to the lens and out the package. This reflection process is not 100% efficient, resulting in additional loss of light. Also, reflections from these surfaces effectively creates a larger, more complex light source (compared, for example, to the chip alone) which can require more complex secondary optics that can result in additional light loss. The hemispherical lens with a substantially flat or planar surface can also result in bubbles of air being trapped between the lens and the encapsulant during the fabrication step in which the lens is attached to the package. These bubbles can result in decreased light extraction from the LED package and variations in light emitting characteristics between different packages.
|
['H01L2100']
|
background
|
12,487,317
|
[invention] A typical chemical heating pack is the cold/hot applying bag familiar to us and due to heat accumulation and releasing theory, a preset duration of cold or hot temperature can be maintained with the heating pack while it is applied to skin of human body for healing, health caring or physical curing. That is why the chemical heating pack can be seen in a family, a hospital and a clinic. In order to release heat, a triggering plate has to be placed in the heating pack for generating a fluctuation force to actuate the heat accumulating/releasing material such as ethylic acid sodium solution being crystallized and releasing heat. Hence, the triggering plate design is an subject emphasized by the manufacturers and there are patents related the prior art such as Taiwanese Utility Model No. 80848, which was granted to the present inventor, entitled ELASTIC METAL SHEET IN A CHEMICAL heating pack and continuation applications for disclosing technique of the metal sheet. Other prior art such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,077,390, 4,572,158, 4,872,442 and 5,205,278 has disclosed configuration and arrangement of the triggering plate. FIG. 1 shows a top view of a conventional triggering plate and FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the conventional triggering plate. The conventional triggering plate is made of metal mostly with a circular shape. One side of the conventional triggering plate is stamped with a plurality of grooves A and the grooves are disposed in a radial way symmetrically with respect to the center of the triggering plate. The grooves A are provided with identical wall thickness respectively, that is, the wall surrounding the respective groove A is the same thickness in spite of having local deformation. Some of the preceding cited references of U.S. Patents have disclosed the metal sheet being stamped through vertically and this is one of the types frequently seen.
|
['F24J100' 'A61F700']
|
background
|
12,222,010
|
[description] FIG. 1 illustrates a power system 10 having a power source 12, an air induction system 14, and an exhaust system 16. For the purposes of this disclosure, power source 12 is depicted and described as a four-stroke diesel engine. One skilled in the art will recognize, however, that power source 12 may be any other type of combustion engine such as, for example, a gasoline or a gaseous fuel-powered engine. Power source 12 may include an engine block 18 that at least partially defines a plurality of cylinders 20. A piston (not shown) may be slidably disposed within each cylinder 20 to reciprocate between a top-dead-center position and a bottom-dead-center position, and a cylinder head (not shown) may be associated with each cylinder 20. Cylinder 20, the piston, and the cylinder head may form a combustion chamber 22. In the illustrated embodiment, power source 12 includes six such combustion chambers 22. However, it is contemplated that power source 12 may include a greater or lesser number of combustion chambers 22 and that combustion chambers 22 may be disposed in an “in-line” configuration, a “V” configuration, or in any other suitable configuration. Air induction system 14 may include components configured to introduce charged air into power source 12. For example, air induction system 14 may include an induction valve 24, one or more compressors 26, and an air cooler 28. Induction valve 24 may be connected upstream of compressor 26 via a fluid passageway 30 and configured to regulate a flow of atmospheric air to power source 12. Compressor 26 may embody a fixed geometry compressor configured to receive air from induction valve 24 and compress the air to a predetermined pressure level before it enters power source 12. Compressor 26 may be connected to power source 12 via a fluid passageway 32. Air cooler 28 may be disposed within fluid passageway 32, between power source 12 and compressor 26 and embody, for example, an air-to-air heat exchanger, an air-to-liquid heat exchanger, or a combination of both to facilitate the transfer of thermal energy to or from the compressed air directed into power source 12. Exhaust system 16 may include components configured to direct exhaust from power source 12 to the atmosphere. Specifically, exhaust system 16 may include first and second exhaust manifolds 34 and 36 in fluid communication with combustion chambers 22, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) circuit 38 fluidly communicating first exhaust manifold 34 with air induction system 14, a turbine 40 associated with first and second exhaust manifolds 34, 36, and a control system 44 for regulating flows from exhaust system 16 to air induction system 14. It is contemplated that exhaust system 16 may include components in addition to those listed above such as, for example, particulate removing devices, constituent absorbers or reducers, and attenuation devices, if desired. Exhaust produced during the combustion process within combustion chambers 22 may exit power source 12 via either first exhaust manifold 34 or second exhaust manifold 36. First exhaust manifold 34 may fluidly connect a first plurality 22a of combustion chambers 22 (e.g., the first three combustion chambers 22 from the right shown in FIG. 1) to turbine 40. Second exhaust manifold 36 may fluidly connect a second plurality 22b of combustion chambers 22 (e.g., the final three combustion chambers from the right shown in FIG. 1) to turbine 40. EGR circuit 38 may include components that cooperate to redirect a portion of the exhaust produced by power source 12 from first exhaust manifold 34 to air induction system 14. Specifically, EGR circuit 38 may include an inlet port 52, a recirculation control valve 56, an EGR cooler 54, and a discharge port 58. Inlet port 52 may be fluidly connected to first exhaust manifold 34 upstream of turbine 40, and fluidly connected to recirculation control valve 56 via a passageway 60. Recirculation control valve 56 may further be fluidly connected to second exhaust manifold 36 via a passageway 59, and to EGR cooler 54 via a passageway 61. Discharge port 58 may receive exhaust from EGR cooler 54 via a fluid passageway 62, and discharge the exhaust to air induction system 14 at a location downstream of air cooler 28. It is contemplated that a check valve, for example a reed-type check valve 50 may be situated within fluid passageway 62 downstream of EGR cooler 54 at a location where exhaust mixes with inlet air to provide for a unidirectional flow of exhaust through EGR circuit 38 (i.e., to inhibit bidirectional exhaust flows through EGR circuit 38), if desired. It is also contemplated that check valve 50 may be omitted, if desired. Recirculation control valve 56 may be a 3-way, poppet-style, control valve. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 2, recirculation control valve 56 may have an inlet 63 in fluid communication with first exhaust manifold 34 via passageway 60, a first outlet 67 in fluid communication with EGR cooler 54 via passageway 61, a second outlet 65 in fluid communication with second exhaust manifold 36 via passageway 59, and a valve element 69 movable to affect exhaust flows from first and second outlets 65, 67. For example, valve element 69 may be movable from a first closed position (shown in FIG. 2) at which exhaust from first exhaust manifold 34 received via passageway 60 may be allowed to pass to only EGR cooler 54 (i.e., exhaust flow to second exhaust manifold 36 may be blocked when valve element 69 is in the first closed position), toward an open position (shown in FIG. 3) at which exhaust received from first exhaust manifold 34 via passageway 60 may be allowed to pass to both EGR circuit 38 and to second exhaust manifold 36 substantially unrestricted, and to a second closed position (shown in FIG. 4) at which exhaust from first exhaust manifold 34 may be allowed to pass to only second exhaust manifold 36 (i.e., exhaust flow to EGR circuit 38 may be blocked when valve element 69 is
|
['F02B3344']
|
detailed_description
|
11,950,401
|
[claim] 1. A threading device comprising an elongated rod having a groove defined therein that extends at least substantially circumferentially around the rod, wherein the elongated rod has first and second opposite ends, and wherein the ends are blunt, a suture received in an tied around the groove. 2. The threading device of claim 1 wherein the groove is disposed at a location remote from the first and second ends. 3. The threading device of claim 2 wherein the groove is disposed at a location that is approximately halfway between the first and second ends. 4. The threading device of claim 3 wherein the rod also includes first and second channels defined therein that extend circumferentially around the rod, wherein the first channel is located between the first end and the groove and the second channel is located between the second end and the groove. 5. The threading device of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the rod is polygonal. 6. The threading device of claim 1 wherein the ends are bullet-shaped. 7. The threading device of claim 1 wherein the rod includes a key so that when the rod is received in an opening the rod will not rotate therein. 8. The threading device of claim 3 wherein the outside diameter of the rod tapers from a first location to the left of the groove toward the first end and the outside diameter of the rod tapers from a second location to the right of the groove toward the second end, such that the rod has a smaller diameter at the first and second ends than it does at the first and second locations. 9. The threading device of claim 1 wherein the rod comprises a tube with open first and second ends, thereby allowing light to be transmitted from one end to the other. 10. The threading device of claim 9 comprising a light guide extending through the hollow rod. 11. The threading device of claim 10 wherein the light guide has first and second ends and wherein the first and second ends of the light guide are substantially flush with the first and second ends of the tube. 12. The threading device of claim 9 further comprising a light source and a power source disposed in the elongated tube. 13. The threading device of claim 10, wherein the light guide is cladded. 14. The threading device of claim 1 wherein the ends of the rod are curved. 15. A threading device comprising: an elongated tube having first and second open ends and a suture tie-off location disposed approximately halfway between the first and second ends, a light guide extending through the elongated tube, wherein the light guide has first and second ends and wherein the first and second ends of the light guide are substantially flush with the first and second ends of the tube, and a suture received in an tied around the suture tie-off location. 16. The threading device of claim 15 wherein the outside diameter of the tube tapers from a first location to the left of the groove toward the first end and the outside diameter of the tube tapers from a second location to the right of the groove toward the second end, such that the tube has a smaller diameter at the first and second ends than it does at the first and second locations. 17. The threading device of claim 15 wherein the suture tie-off location comprises a groove that extends at least substantially circumferentially around the outside of the tube. 18. The threading device of claim 15 wherein the tube also includes first and second channels defined therein that extend circumferentially therearound, wherein the first channel is located between the first end and the groove and the second channel is located between the second end and the groove.
|
['A61B1710' 'A61B1704']
|
claim
|
11,311,427
|
[invention] Before commencing excavation or other work where power or other cables may be buried, it is important to determine the location of the cables to ensure that they are not damaged during the work. It is also useful to be able to track the path of buried or otherwise inaccessible power cables. It is known to use detectors that detect the electromagnetic field emitted by power cables carrying alternating currents. The electromagnetic field emitted by a power cable has a fundamental frequency equal to the frequency of the alternating current carried by the cable. However, harmonic frequencies (multiples in frequency) of this fundamental frequency are generally also emitted. The harmonics are emitted at two, three, four, etc times the fundamental frequency. The second, fourth, sixth etc harmonics are called even harmonics, and the third, fifth, seventh etc harmonics are called odd harmonics. Frequencies that are neither even, odd harmonics nor the fundamental frequency are non-harmonic frequencies. Cables that do not directly carry currents may also be detected by power currents, as neighbouring power cables, and even overhead power lines can induce signals at power cable frequencies and harmonies thereof onto these cables. Ground return currents from appliances can also travel along non-power cables. Electromagnetic signals emitted from power and other cables are useful in detecting power and/or other cables because the detector need not be connected to the cable to be located, and the signals are emitted by the cable without any additional reference signal needing to be added to the current flow. In other words, the cable can be in use while it is being detected, and it need not be isolated. Therefore, a passive sensor or detector may be used to detect the cable, and the power consumption of the detector is reduced. However, use of electromagnetic fields in detection can be compromised by high levels of noise being detected along with the signal from the cable to be located. In the present invention, noise relates to spurious, non-periodic noise, and periodic noise outside the frequencies emitted by the object to be located. Such noise problems decrease the accuracy of detection and location, and are therefore undesirable. There is therefore a need to reduce the effects of noise in detected signals, for example in order to more accurately detect/locate buried objects.
|
['G01R1900']
|
background
|
11,248,656
|
[description] The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the use of programmable logic controllers to control stages in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs; FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary security system for programmable logic controllers for preventing access by unauthorized individuals; FIG. 3A is a textual diagram illustrating a password to be encrypted by an operator interface terminal, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3B is a textual diagram illustrating another password to be encrypted by an operator interface terminal, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3C is a textual diagram illustrating an encrypted password in binary form that will be further encrypted, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3D is a textual diagram that illustrates the multiple encryptions of a password that is stored on a programmable logic controller, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and FIGS. 4A-4I are process diagrams illustrating methods for managing passwords as well as for verifying passwords, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
|
['H04N7167']
|
detailed_description
|
11,486,421
|
[summary] According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a layer of single crystal CVD diamond of high quality having a thickness of at least 2 mm, and preferably a thickness of greater than 2.5 mm, and more preferably a thickness of greater than 3 mm. The high quality of the diamond may be characterised by one or more of the following characteristics. These characteristics are observable in the majority volume of the layer or stone or in the {100} growth sector when present and discernible: 1) A high charge collection distance of at least 100 μm, preferably at least 150 μm, and more preferably at least 400 μm, all collection distances being measured at an applied field of 1 V/μm and at 300 K (or 20° C., which for the purposes of this invention is considered equivalent). In high quality type IIa natural diamond charge collection distances are reported to be substantially less than 100 μm, and more typically about 40 μm at an applied field of 1 V/μm. 2) A high value for the product of the average carrier mobility and lifetime μτ, such that it exceeds 1.0×10 −6 −cm 2 /V, and preferably exceeds 1.5×10 −6 cm 2 /V, and more preferably exceeds 4×10 −6 cm 2 /V, all measurements at 300 K. 3) In the off state, a resistivity measured at 300 K greater than 10 12 Ωcm at an applied field of 50 V/μm, and preferably greater than 2×10 13 Ωcm, and more preferably greater than 5×10 14 μcm. In a wide band gap device such as one fabricated from diamond, the number of free charge carriers present under equilibrium conditions is extremely small and dominated by the contribution from lattice defects and impurities, such a device is said to be in the “off state”. The device can be put into the “on state” by the additional excitation of charge carriers by means such as optical excitation (primarily using optical energies near or greater than the band gap) or by charged particle excitation (e.g. alpha or beta particles). In the on state the free carrier density exceeds the equilibrium level and when the excitation source is removed the device will revert to the off state. 4) An electron mobility (μ e ) measured at 300 K greater than 2400 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and preferably greater than 3000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and more preferably greater than 4000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . In high quality type IIa natural diamond electron mobilities are reported typically to be 1800 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at 300 K with exceptional values reported up to 2200 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . 5) A hole mobility (μ h ) measured at 300 K greater than 2100 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and preferably greater than 2500 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and more preferably greater than 3000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . In high quality type IIa natural diamond hole mobilities are reported to be typically 1200 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at 300 K with exceptional values reported up to 1900 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . It will be noted from the above that the diamond of the invention has electronic characteristics which are significantly superior to those present in natural high quality diamond. This is surprising and provides the diamond with properties which are useful, for example, for electronic applications where thick layers are required and also for the economic production of thinner layers for other electronic devices. There is benefit in synthesising a single thick layer and processing it into multiple thinner layers because of the reduced overheads in terms of substrates and synthesis preparation. The diamond of the invention is also suitable for use as diamond anvils in high pressure experiments and manufacture where the low defect density of the diamond makes it much stronger than natural diamond and able to operate under more extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. The diamond of the invention has a thickness suitable to allow for the production through cutting, for example, of one or more gemstones therefrom. In addition to the characteristics described above, the diamond layer of the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics: 1) A level of any single impurity of not greater than 5 ppm and a total impurity content of not greater than 10 ppm. Preferably the level of any impurity is not greater than 0.5 to 1 ppm and the total impurity content is not greater than 2 to 5 ppm. Impurity concentrations can be measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), glow discharge mass spectroscopy (GDMS) or combustion mass spectroscopy (CMS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and IR (infrared) absorption, and in addition for single substitutional nitrogen by optical absorption measurements at 270 nm (calibrated against standard values obtained from samples destructively analysed by combustion analysis). In the above, “impurity” excludes hydrogen and its isotopic forms. 2) A cathodoluminescence (CL) line at 575 nm which is low or absent, and associated photoluminescence (PL), measured at 77 K under 514 nm Ar ion laser excitation (nominally 300 mW incident beam) which has a peak height<1/25 and preferably <1/300 and more preferably <1/1000 of the diamond Raman peak at 1332 cm −1 . These bands are related to nitrogen/vacancy defects and their presence indicates the presence of nitrogen in the film. Due to the possible presence of competing quenching mechanisms, the normalised intensity of the 575 nm line is not a quantitative measure of nitrogen nor is its absence a definitive indication of the absence of nitrogen in the film. CL is the luminescence resulting from excitation by electron beam at a typical beam energy of 10 to 40 keV which penetrates about 10 microns into the sample surface. Photoluminescence is more generally excited through the sample volume. 3) (i) Strong free exciton (FE) emission in the cathodoluminescence spectrum
|
['B01J306' 'B32B900' 'C23C1600' 'C30B2300' 'C30B2500' 'C23C1626']
|
summary
|
12,195,495
|
[invention] The phosgenation of aliphatic or aromatic amines for the preparation of isocyanates can be carried out with particular advantage in the gas phase. Such processes are well established in principle in the art, such as described in European Patent Publication No. FP 0289840, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, and such processes have since become established industrially. International Patent Publication No. WO 97/24320, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, generally describes a process for producing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding (aromatic) amines with phosgene using recycled chlorine, in which process phosgene produced from specially purified chlorine from a special electrochemical cell and a non-specifically defined carbon monoxide excess is passed directly into a phosgeniation reactor. No concentration data are provided. No description is provided of the starting products or of the resulting secondary components in the phosgene or of the effect on the quality of the isocyanates produced. Nor are any details provided of the phosgenation process, whether it is conducted with or without a solvent, or of the temperature range over which the isocyanate production is carried out. Phosgenation on the industrial scale is typically carried out using phosgene prepared in a phosgene generator over a catalyst of chlorine and carbon monoxide. Before being supplied to the phosgenation, the phosgene from the generator is first supplied to a purifying stage where it is separated into a waste gas stream and a phosgene stream, preferably by condensing out phosgene or by distillation. Prior to the actual reaction with the amine, the phosgene stream is then also usually mixed with recycled phosgene, such as disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2004/037718, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Phosgene used in accordance with the prior art possesses residual CO gas levels, owing to the aftertreatment steps, of less than 0.05% by weight. Following the reaction of amine and phosgene, the resultant isocyanate is purified conventionally by distillation to remove low-boiling and high-boiling by-products. In many instances it is problematic if the purified isocyanates are coloured or if subsequent modification steps such as the prepolymerization, biuretization or trimerization, for example, are accompanied by unwanted side reactions which again, ultimately, impact adversely on the colouring of the polyisocyanates obtained. Side reactions of this kind are often triggered by very low concentrations of compounds which are chlorinated or include chlorine in a hydrolyzable form. In principle it is possible to remove those compounds which contribute to the hydrolyzable chlorine content (HC compounds and HC content) or to the total chlorine content of the isocyanates, but from a production standpoint it is undesirable to do so, since an additional purifying step of this kind increases the production costs through an increased use of energy and/or loss of yield owing to thermal loading.
|
['C07C26310']
|
background
|
11,907,486
|
[summary] The present invention proposes the following digital cameras and control methods as the means for solving the problem described above. A first digital camera of the present invention includes: an imaging unit such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) for generating image data representing a subject; a flash unit for emitting a flash; a face detection unit for performing face detection on the image data generated by the imaging unit; and an emission control unit for causing the flash unit to perform a redeye reduction emission and a main emission. The face detection unit performs face detection on redeye reduction emission image data representing the subject at the time of the redeye reduction emission performed by the flash unit, and supplies the result of the detection to the emission control unit. The emission control unit determines the emission amount for the main emission using a detection result of the detection performed on the redeye reduction emission image data. A first method of the present invention is a method for controlling the first digital camera described above. The method includes the steps of: while causing the flash unit to perform a redeye reduction emission, generating redeye reduction emission image data representing the subject when the redeye reduction emission is performed; performing detection of face information on the redeye reduction emission image data; determining the emission amount for main emission of the flash using a detection result of the detection; and causing the flash unit to perform the main emission with the determined emission amount. The referent of “main emission” as used herein means an essential emission in flash photography, i.e., the emission of a required and sufficient amount of light onto a subject for obtaining an image of the subject. The referent of “redeye reduction emission” as used herein means an emission performed prior to a main emission with an intention to close the pupils of the eyes of a subject to a certain degree so that the eyes of the subject will not be imaged in red due to reflected light from the pupils in the main emission. The referent of “using a detection result of the detection” as used herein means to use a result showing that a face is not detected, a result showing that a face is detected, or information of the detected face (position, size, and the like). In the first digital camera and method, the face detection result used for the determination of the emission amount for the main emission is the detection result of face detection performed on the image data obtained when the redeye reduction emission is performed. Thus, the time interval between the acquisition of image data for face detection and the acquisition of image data for light control becomes relatively short, and the probability that the subject or digital camera is moved during that time interval becomes smaller than in the conventional digital cameras. Further, when face detection is performed on image data obtained at night or in a dark place without light, the face may not sometimes be detected successfully. But in the first digital camera and method described above, face detection is performed on image data obtained when a redeye reduction emission is performed, so that the face may be detected with relatively high accuracy. A second digital camera of the present invention includes: an imaging unit for generating image data representing a subject; a flash unit for emitting a flash; a face detection unit for performing face detection on the image data generated by the imaging unit; and an emission control unit for causing the flash unit to perform a redeye reduction emission and a main emission. Here, the face detection unit performs face detection on image data generated by the imaging unit during the period after the time point when the redeye reduction emission is performed and before the time point when the main emission is performed, and supplies detection results of the detection to the emission control unit. The emission control unit determines the emission amount for the main emission using the detection results supplied from the face detection unit and causes the flash unit to perform the main emission with the determined emission amount. A second method of the present invention is a method for controlling the second digital camera described above. The method includes the steps of: causing the flash unit to perform a redeye reduction emission; generating image data representing the subject during the period after the time point when the redeye reduction emission is performed and before the time point when a main emission is performed; performing detection of face information on the generated image data; determining the emission amount for the main emission of the flash using a result of the detection; and causing the flash unit to perform the main emission with the determined emission amount. In the second digital camera and method of the present invention, the face detection result used for the determination of the emission amount for the main emission is one of the detection results of face detection performed on one of image data sets obtained during the period after the time point when the redeye reduction emission is performed and before the time point when the main emission is performed. Thus, the time interval between the acquisition of image data for face detection and the acquisition of image data for light control becomes relatively short, and the probability that the subject or digital camera is moved during that time interval becomes smaller than in the conventional digital cameras. In particular, if the latest result of the detection results obtained during that time frame is used for the determination of the emission amount for the main emission, the face position in the image data for face detection and the face position in the image data for light control substantially correspond to each other, so that the problem arising from the change in the face position does not occur. The present invention further provides a third digital
|
['H04N5222' 'G06K900']
|
summary
|
12,241,509
|
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MAGNETIC RECORDING USING SELF-ORGANIZED MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES [SEP] [abstract] A method and system for magnetic recording using self-organized magnetic nanoparticles is disclosed. The method may include depositing surfactant coated nanoparticles on a substrate, wherein the surfactant coated nanoparticles represent first bits of recorded information. The surfactant coating is then removed from selected of the surfactant coated nanoparticles. The selected nanoparticles with their surfactant coating removed may then be designated to represent second bits of recorded information. The surfactant coated nanoparticles have a first saturation magnetic moment and the selected nanoparticles with the surfactant coating removed have a second saturation magnetic moment. Therefore, by selectively removing the surfactant coating from certain nanoparticles, a write operation for recording the first and second bits of information may be performed. A read operation may be carried out by detecting the different magnetic moments of the surfactant coated nanoparticles and the non-surfactant coated nanoparticles.
|
['G11B502']
|
abstract
|
12,648,530
|
[summary] The present disclosure relates to proximity sensors. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to water delivery devices including proximity sensors. Water delivery devices are known that include proximity sensors. One example proximity sensor is a position sensing detector (PSD) sensor which provides range information based on an angle of reflection from an infrared (IR) emitter to an analog detector. This sensor arrangement works well for sensing objects that produce diffuse return signals such as hands or plastic objects, but have difficulty with highly polished or smooth object such as metal or glass. Water can also affect distance reading accuracy. Two primary issues with the sensing of shiny object or objects in water is that the distance reading have significant error or there is a large percentage of noise/instability in the readings. The main cause for instability in the range readings provided by a PSD sensor is its inherent averaging of the received signal. The range is determined by the position along the length of the sensor which receives the highest intensity of the transmitted IR light. In normal operation this will be at one extreme end for light reflected from a close object, and the other extreme end for light reflected from a distant object. In the case of a sink, features on a base of a shiny sink, or ripples in the water can cause additional, spurious reflections of the transmitted light. These spurious reflections are averaged with the desired signal and cause the PSD to produce an unreliable and unstable output. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a proximity sensor for sensing the presence of an object in an environment is disclosed. The proximity sensor comprising an illumination module which emits optical energy that is propagated into the environment in a plurality of spatially spaced apart beams of optical energy; a multi-element sensor which receives a portion of the emitted optical energy which is reflected back from the environment; and a holder which aligns the multi-element sensor relative to at least a first portion of the illumination module, the holder having a first portion which holds the first portion of the illumination module in a first position and a second portion which holds the multi-element sensor in a second position spaced apart from the first position. A face of the multi-element sensor being angled relative to a plane which is normal to an optical axis of the illumination module. The proximity sensor further including a controller coupled to the illumination module and the multi-element sensor; and a housing which supports the illumination module, the multi-element sensor, and the holder. In one example, a second portion of the illumination module is spaced apart from the holder. In another example, the first portion of the illumination module includes a first optical source which emits optical energy in a first direction along the optical axis of the illumination module and which is supported by the holder and the second portion of the illumination module includes an optical system which splits the optical energy emitted by the first optical source in the first direction into the plurality of spatially spaced apart beams of optical energy. In a variation thereof, the optical system includes a diffraction grating which splits the optical energy emitted by the first optical source in the first direction along the optical axis of the illumination module into the plurality of spatially spaced apart beams of optical energy. In a further variation thereof, the diffraction grating includes a plurality of regions having distinct grating frequencies. A first region having a first grating frequency which splits the optical energy emitted by the first optical source in the first direction along the optical axis of the illumination module into a first beam which propagates in the first direction along the optical axis of the illumination module and at least two additional beams spaced apart from the first beam and a second grating frequency which splits the optical energy emitted by the first optical source in the first direction along the optical axis of the illumination module into the first beam which propagates in the first direction along the optical axis of the illumination module and at least two additional beams spaced apart from the first beam and spaced apart from the at least two additional beams corresponding to the first grating frequency. In another variation, the optical system includes a lens positioned between the first optical source and the diffraction grating. In still another example, the plurality of spatially spaced apart beams of optical energy are an odd number and a central beam of the plurality of discrete beams has an intensity of about twice the remainder of the plurality of spatially spaced apart beams of optical energy. In a variation thereof, the central beam of the plurality of spatially spaced apart beams of optical energy propagates generally in a first direction along the optical axis of the illumination module. In yet another example, the first portion of the holder includes a first alignment surface with contacts the first portion of the illumination module and the second portion of the holder includes a second alignment surface which contacts the multi-element sensor. The second alignment surface being angled relative to the first alignment surface. In still a further example, the illumination module includes a first plurality of prongs which couple the illumination module to the controller and the multi-element sensor includes a second plurality of prongs which couple the multi-element sensor to the controller. The illumination module and the multi-element sensor are positioned on a first side of the holder and the controller is positioned on a second side of the holder. The first plurality of prongs and the second plurality of prongs extending through the holder. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a proximity sensor for sensing the presence of an object in an environment is provided. The proximity sensor comprising a housing having a first plurality of alignment features; a holder having a second plurality of alignment
|
['F16K3102']
|
summary
|
11,229,178
|
[summary] Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a [title] that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. An object of the present invention is to provide a method of transmitting a data packet based on a transport format combination set (TFCS) using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of transmitting a data packet based on a transmission power rate using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of receiving a data packet based on a transport format combination set (TFCS) using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of receiving a data packet based on a transmission power rate using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of transmitting a data packet. Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a method of transmitting a data packet based on a transport format combination set (TFCS) using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) which includes a user equipment (UE) receiving a TFCS from a base station (BS) to select a transport format combination (TFC) for retransmitting a data packet. Furthermore, the UE selects from the TFCS a TFC which corresponds to a maximum transmission power by which the data packet is retransmitted, and retransmits the data packet using the TFC of an initial transmission and a transmission power that corresponds to the TFC with the maximum transmission power of the TFCS. In another aspect of the present invention, the UE receives a first TFCS from a base station (BS) to select a transport format combination (TFC) for transmitting a data packet and thereafter selects from the first TFCS the TFC which corresponds to a transmission power by which the data packet is transmitted. Next, the UE transmits the data packet using the transmission power that corresponds to the selected TFC. The UE then receives a second TFCS to select a TFC for retransmitting the data packet and selects from the second TFCS a TFC which corresponds to a maximum transmission power by the data packet is retransmitted. Lastly, the UE transmits the data packet using the TFC of the first TFCS and a transmission power that corresponds to the TFC with the maximum transmit power of the second TFCS. In another aspect of the present invention, a base station (BS) transmits a second TFCS to each user equipment (UE). The second TFCS is used for the UE to determine a transport format combination (TFC) for retransmitting the data packet. Also, the TFC corresponds to a transmission power by which the data packet is retransmitted. Furthermore, the BS receives the retransmitted data packet having a same TFC with the first transmission and a transmission power that corresponds to the TFC of the second TFCS. Yet in another aspect of the present invention, the BS transmits a first TFCS to each user equipment (UE) for the UE to determine a transport format combination (TFC) for transmitting a data packet and decodes the data packet transmitted from the UE. Furthermore, the BS transmits a Negative Acknowledgment (NACK) signal to request the UE to retransmit the first data packet. Thereafter, the BS transmits a second TFCS to each user equipment (UE). The second TFCS is used by the UE to determine a transport format combination (TFC) for retransmitting the data packet. Also, the TFC corresponds to a transmission power by which the second data packet is retransmitted. Lastly, the BS receives the retransmitted data packet having a same TFC with the first transmission and a transmission power that corresponds to the TFC of the second TFCS. In another aspect of the present invention, a method of transmitting a data packet based on a transmission power rate using a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is introduced. In the method, a user equipment (UE) receives a range of transmit power for retransmitting the data packet. Thereafter, the UE selects a maximum transmit power from the range of transmit power for retransmitting the data packet, and then retransmits the data packet using the selected transmission power and a transport format combination (TFC) of a first transmission. Here, the first transmission is used to transmit the data packet. In another aspect of the present invention, the UE receives a first range of transmit power for transmitting the data packet. Thereafter, the UE selects a transmit power from the first range of transmit power for transmitting the data packet. Next, the UE transmits the data packet using the selected transmission power and a transport format combination (TFC) that corresponds to the selected transmission power. The UE then receives a second range of transmit power for retransmitting the data packet and selects a maximum transmit power from the second range of transmit power for retransmitting the data packet. Lastly, the UE retransmits the data packet using the selected transmission power and a transport format combination (TFC) of the first transmission. Here, the first transmission is used to transmit the data packet. Yet in another embodiment of the present invention, a base station (BS) transmits a range of transmit power for retransmitting the data packet. Thereafter, the BS receives the retransmitted data packet based on a maximum transmit power selected from the range of transmit power and a
|
['H04B7216']
|
summary
|
12,420,876
|
[claim] 1. A ground coffee extraction apparatus, comprising a base coupled with an outer annular body from above, wherein the outer annular body is installed sequentially therein with a downward pressing element, a sliding element, and an upper cover, the downward pressing element being peripherally provided with an O-ring, the sliding element being formed with a plurality of water receiving sections and a plurality of retaining portions, the upper cover being formed with a plurality of water inlet sections and a plurality of engaging portions corresponding in position to the water receiving sections and the retaining portions of the sliding element, respectively, a resilient element being provided below and adjacent to each said retaining portion of the sliding element, a delivery system being coupled to a side of the extraction apparatus; wherein a fixed amount of ground coffee is loaded into a filter cup, and a pump in the delivery system draws cool water from a cool water tank into the water inlet sections of the upper cover of the extraction apparatus so that the cool water exerts a downward force greater than a resilient force of the resilient elements, thus enabling the O-ring of the downward pressing element to seal a gap between the downward pressing element and the filter cup while the downward force is applied evenly to the loose ground coffee in the filter cup, thereby sealing and compacting the ground coffee hydraulically and automatically; and wherein after coffee is extracted, the delivery system guides the cool water from the extraction apparatus back into the cool water tank, and consequently the sliding element and the downward pressing element are moved upward to original positions thereof to unseal the filter cup, whereby the automatic extraction apparatus performs the sealing and the compacting rapidly and uniformly. 2. The ground coffee extraction apparatus of claim 1, wherein the upper cover is provided thereabove with a lid having a water inlet opening. 3. The ground coffee extraction apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the outer annular body and the upper cover is formed interiorly with a plurality of engaging portions, and a plurality of shafts are engaged with and between the engaging portions of the outer annular body and the engaging portions of the upper cover, respectively, each said shaft passing through a corresponding said retaining portion of the sliding element so that each said shaft is mounted therearound with a corresponding said resilient element.
|
['A47J3144']
|
claim
|
12,132,875
|
[summary] The invention provides a plurality of image sensor structures, in conjunction with a related plurality of methods for fabricating the plurality of image sensor structures. The particular plurality of image sensor structures in accordance with the invention is intended to: (1) inhibit cracking of a lens capping layer; or (2) inhibit delamination of the lens capping layer from a planarizing layer, where the lens capping layer is located and formed capping exposed portions of a plurality of active lens layers and the planarizing layer upon which is located and formed the plurality of active lens layers, within the image sensor structure. A particular image sensor structure in accordance with the invention includes a substrate including a photosensitive portion and a circuitry portion. This particular image sensor structure also includes a dielectric isolated metallization stack located upon the substrate. This particular image sensor structure also includes a planarizing layer located over the dielectric isolated metallization stack. This particular image sensor structure also includes a plurality of active lens layers located over the planarizing layer and registered with a plurality of photoactive regions within the photosensitive portion, and at least one dummy lens layer of different dimensions located at least in part over the planarizing layer over the circuitry portion. This particular image sensor structure also includes a lens capping layer passivating exposed portions of the plurality of active lens layers, the at least one dummy lens layer and the planarizing layer. Another particular image sensor structure in accordance with the invention includes a substrate including a photosensitive portion and a circuitry portion. This other particular image sensor structure also includes a dielectric isolated metallization stack located upon the substrate. This other particular image sensor structure also includes a planarizing layer located over the dielectric isolated metallization stack. This other particular image sensor structure also includes a plurality of active lens layers located over the planarizing layer and registered with a plurality of photosensitive regions within the photosensitive portion. This other particular image sensor structure also includes a lens capping layer passivating exposed portions of the plurality of active lens layers and the planarizing layer. The planarizing layer includes at least one of: (1) an aperture located within the planarizing layer; and (2) a sloped endwall of the planarizing layer, located over the circuitry region. A particular method for fabricating an image sensor structure in accordance with the invention includes providing a substrate including a photosensitive portion and a circuitry portion. This particular method also includes forming a dielectric isolated metallization stack located upon the substrate. This particular method also includes forming a planarizing layer over the dielectric isolated metallization stack. This particular method also includes forming a plurality of active lens layers located over the planarizing layer and registered with a plurality of photosensitive regions within the photosensitive portion, and forming at least one dummy lens layer of different dimensions at least in part over the planarizing layer and over the circuitry portion. This particular method also includes forming a lens capping layer passivating exposed portions of the plurality of active lens layers, the at least one dummy lens layer and the planarizing layer. Another particular method for fabricating an image sensor structure in accordance with the invention includes providing a substrate including a photosensitive portion and a circuitry portion. This particular method also includes forming a dielectric isolated metallization stack upon the substrate. This particular method also includes forming a planarizing layer over the dielectric isolated metallization stack. This particular method also includes forming a plurality of active lens layers over the planarizing layer and registered with a plurality of photosensitive regions within the photosensitive portion. This particular method also includes forming a lens capping layer passivating exposed portions of the plurality of active lens layers and the planarizing layer. The planarizing layer includes at least one of: (1) an aperture formed within the planarizing layer; and (2) a sloped endwall of the planarizing layer, over the circuitry portion.
|
['H01L3100' 'H01L2100']
|
summary
|
11,509,677
|
Liquid ejection head and image forming apparatus [SEP] [abstract] The liquid ejection head comprises: a nozzle plate including a nozzle surface in which a plurality of nozzles from which liquid is ejected are formed, the nozzles being arranged two-dimensionally; a pressure chamber forming plate in which a plurality of pressure chambers connected to the nozzles are formed; an elastic member interposed between the nozzle plate and the pressure chamber forming plate; and a deflection device causing the nozzle plate to move in a direction parallel to the nozzle surface so that a direction of ejection of the liquid ejected from each of the nozzles is deflected.
|
['B41J2045']
|
abstract
|
11,639,200
|
[invention] Deposits tend to build up inside an engine unless gasoline contains effective deposit control additives. Since most base gasolines are formulated to similar regulated specifications, the performance of the deposit control additives can be very important in differentiating different gasoline brands from a performance standpoint. Over the years considerable work has been devoted to developing additives for controlling (preventing or reducing) deposit formation, particularly in the fuel induction systems of spark-ignition internal combustion engines. Additives that can effectively control engine deposits have been the focus of considerable research activities in the field, yet further improvements are desired.
|
['C10L122']
|
background
|
12,129,250
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to the fields of cancer biology and cancer therapeutics. More particularly, it concerns the use of a pyrvinium compound or salts or analogs thereof, in the treatment of cancer, particularly colon and breast cancer. 2. Description of Related Art Inappropriate activation of the Wnt pathway is believed to be the initial event leading to colorectal cancer in over 85% of all sporadic cases in the Western world. Furthermore, Wnt signaling is thought to contribute to proliferation of breast cancer, as well as a number of other cancers. As such, it is a therapeutic target that is of great interest to the field. However, to date there are limited reports of biochemical screens that examine the effect of candidate inhibitor substances on Wnt signaling, despite the fact that they would be expected to be potent inhibitors of colon and breast cancer, as well as numerous other cancers and other disease. Thus, there remains a need in the field for such assays, for the drugs identified therewith, and for therapies utilizing such drugs.
|
['A61K3802' 'G01N3348' 'C12Q166' 'C12N506' 'A61K31337']
|
background
|
12,638,086
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a digital multifunction machine provided with a copy function, a facsimile function, and a printer function, and the like. 2. Description of the Related Art Image forming apparatuses such as digital multifunction machines conventionally include apparatuses which automatically read document images by means of an image reading apparatus that includes an Automatic Document Feeder (ADF). If the apparatus is an automatic document feeder compatible with double-sided printing, images on both the upper and reverse sides of the document can be read automatically. Even though images may be recorded on both sides of a document, there exist single-sided documents that use a so-called backing sheet. In this case, even though reading is performed using an automatic document feeder which is compatible with double-sided reading, an image is required only on the upper side and not required on the reverse side. For example, if a single-sided document that uses a backing sheet comes to be mixed in with double-sided documents (documents with required images recorded on their upper and reverse sides) and the documents are read using an automatic document feeder compatible with double-sided reading, copy processing or filing processing are performed with the inclusion of unnecessary backing sheet data. Accordingly, a technology has been proposed whereby the user is able to preset backing sheet pattern data which is information specifying a backing sheet, with which backing sheet data that matches backing sheet pattern data is detected from among document image data that is read using an automatic document feeder compatible with double-sided reading, and with which copy processing or filing processing is performed by removing backing sheet data from the read document image data. However, with the above technology, the user is forced to perform a complicated setting operation since the user must preset backing sheet pattern data, which is information for specifying a backing sheet.
|
['G06F1500' 'G06K1500']
|
background
|
11,451,617
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method making novel organo fuictionalized silane precursors and polymers of the same that are applicable for thin films used for example as dielectrics in integrated circuits, optoelectronic applications and for other similar applications. In particular, the invention concerns first making an intermediate monomer and then converting the monomer to an organo functionalized silane monomer and finally forming a polymer or polymer compositions of the functionalized monomers. The invention also concerns a method for producing such films by preparing siloxane compositions by polymerization of the organo functionalized monomers, by applying the polymerized compositions on a substrate in the form of a layer and by curing the layer to form a film. Further, the invention concerns integrated circuit and optoelectronic devices and methods of manufacturing them. 2. Description of Related Art The commercial use of electronic image sensors in electronics and, in particular in consumer electronics, has increased dramatically over the last few years. Electronic image sensors are found in cameras, cell phones, and are used for new safety features in automobiles e.g. for estimating distances between vehicles, protecting and detecting blind spots not exposed by mirrors etc. Many semiconductor manufacturers are converting production lines to CMOS sensor production to meet this demand. CMOS sensor manufacturing uses many of the processes currently used in standard IC manufacturing and does not require large capital investment to produce state of the art devices. Processing from the bottom up a photodiode is built in the silicon layer. Standard dielectrics and metal circuitry are built above the diode to transfer the current. Directly above the diode is an optically transparent material to transfer light from the device surface and through a color filter to the active photo-diode. Transparent protection and planarization material is typically placed over the color filters and device. The micro-lenses are built over the planarized layer above the color filters in order to improve device performance. Finally a passivation layer maybe placed over the lens or alternatively a glass slide is placed over the lens array leaving an air gap between the lens and the cover. Most CMOS sensors are built using subtractive aluminum/CVD oxide metallization with one or more levels of metal. For the manufacturing of planarizing layer or micro-lenses are also used organic polymers such as polyimide or novolac materials or maybe sometimes siloxane polymers. Organic polymers can be divided into two different groups with respect to the behavior of their dielectric constant. Non-polar polymers contain molecules with almost purely covalent bonds. Since they mainly consist of non-polar C—C bonds, the dielectric constant can be estimated using only density and chemical composition. Polar polymers do not have low loss, but rather contain atoms of different electronegativity, which give rise to an asymmetric charge distribution. Thus polar polymers have higher dielectric loss and a dielectric constant, which depends on the frequency and temperature at which they are evaluated. Several organic polymers have been developed for dielectric purposes. However, applicability of these films is limited because of their low thermal stability, softness, and incompatibility with traditional technological processes developed for SiO 2 based dielectrics. For example, organic polymer cannot be chemical mechanical polished or etched back by dry processing without damaging the film. Therefore some of recent focus has been on SSQ (silsesquioxane or siloxane) or silica based dielectric and optical materials. For SSQ based materials, silsesquioxane (siloxane) is the elementary unit. Silsesquioxanes, or T-resins, are organic-inorganic hybrid polymers with the empirical formula (R—SiO 3/2 ) n . The most common representative of these materials comprise a ladder-type structure, and a cage structure containing eight silicon atoms placed at the vertices of a cube (T 8 cube) on silicon can include hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, and aryl. Many silsesquioxanes have reasonably good solubility in common organic solvents due to their organic substitution on Si. The organic substitutes provide low density and low dielectric constant matrix material. The lower dielectric constant of the matrix material is also attributed to a low polarizability of the Si—R bond in comparison with the Si—O bond in SiO 2 . The silsesquioxane based materials for microelectronic application are mainly hydrogen-silsesquioxane, HSQ, and methyl-silsesquioxane, (CH 3 —SiO 3/2 ) n (MSQ). MSQ materials have a lower dielectric constant as compared to HSQ because of the larger size of the CH 3 group ˜2.8 and 3.0-3.2, respectively and lower polarizability of the Si—CH 3 bond as compared to Si—H. However, these films index of refraction at visible range typically around 1.4 to 1.5 and always less than 1.6. The silica-based materials have the tetrahedral basic structure of Sio 2 . Silica has a molecular structure in which each Si atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms. Each silicon atom is at the center of a regular tetrahedron of oxygen atoms, i.e., it forms bridging crosslinks. All pure of silica have dense structures and high chemical and excellent thermal stability. For example, amorphous silica films, used in microelectronics, have a density of 2.1 to 2.2 g/cm 3 . However, their dielectric constant is also high ranging from 4.0 to 4.2 due to high frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant which is related to the high polarizability of the Si—O bonds. Therefore, it is necessary to replace one or more Si—O—Si bridging groups with C-containing organic groups, such as CH 3 groups, which lowers the k-value. However, these organic units reduce the degrees of bridging crosslinks as well increases the free volume between the molecules due to steric hindrance. Therefore, their mechanic strength (Young's modulus <6 GPa) and chemical resistance is reduced compared to tetrahedral silicon dioxide. Also, these methyl-based silicate and SSQ (i.e., MSQ) polymers have relatively low cracking threshold, typically on the order of 1 um or less.
|
['C08G7704' 'C08G7708' 'C08L8304']
|
background
|
12,289,774
|
[claim] 1. A detecting head component, coupled to a main body of an infrared thermometer, comprising: a shell; an infrared detector, located in said shell, for detecting an infrared radiation of a measuring object; and a sleeve unit, coupled to one part of said shell, wherein said part of said shell is the part of contacting with said measuring object. 2. The detecting head component of claim 1, wherein said sleeve unit is made by an elastomeric material with poor thermal conductivity. 3. The detecting head component of claim 1, wherein said sleeve unit and said shell are made of one piece. 4. The detecting head component of claim 1, wherein said sleeve unit and said shell are separated parts. 5. The detecting head component of claim 1, wherein said shell comprises a window, in the front of said shell, for providing a pathway to said infrared detector for detecting said infrared radiation through said window. 6. An infrared thermometer, comprising: a main body, comprising a user interface and a display unit; a detecting head component, coupled to one node of said main body, wherein said detecting head component comprises a shell; and an infrared detector, located in said shell, for detecting an infrared radiation of a measuring object; a sleeve unit, coupled to one part of said shell, wherein said part of said shell is the part of contacting with said measuring object; and a control circuit, coupled to said user interface, said display unit, and said infrared detector, wherein said control circuit activates said infrared detector to detect a temperature of said measuring object based on said user interface, receives a temperature detecting signal by said infrared detector, transforms said temperature detecting signal into a measuring value, and sends said measuring value to said display unit for displaying said measuring value. 7. The infrared thermometer of claim 6, wherein said user interface comprises at least a touch panel. 8. The infrared thermometer of claim 6, further comprising a memory, coupled to said control unit, for storing said measuring value. 9. The infrared thermometer of claim 6, wherein said shell comprises a window, in the front of said shell, for providing a pathway to said infrared detector for detecting said infrared radiation through said window.
|
['G01J500' 'G01K108']
|
claim
|
11,940,902
|
[description] In the accompanying drawings which form part of the specification: FIG. 1 is a view in perspective of a single partially rotated wind paddle; FIG. 2A-J illustrated the sequence of partial wind paddle rotations with alternating directions; FIG. 3 is a second embodiment of oscillating windmill of this invention; FIG. 4 is a third embodiment; FIG. 5 is a fourth embodiment; FIG. 6 is a fifth embodiment; FIG. 7A-H is a sixth embodiment; FIG. 8 is a somewhat diagrammatic illustration of the amplitude range comparisons and drag forth leverages of three (3) types of paddle; FIG. 9 is a view in perspective of a second form of generator arrangement from that illustrated in FIG. 3; FIG. 10 is a fragmentary view in perspective of yet another system of generators to be operated by an oscillating windmill of this invention; and FIG. 11 is a somewhat diagrammatic view in top plan of yet another embodiment. Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.
|
['F03D706']
|
detailed_description
|
11,857,006
|
[claim] 1. A compound of Formula Ia or IIa: or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: T is O, S, or NH; U, V, and W are independently selected from N and CH; L is a bond, C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, C2-6 alkynylene, (C1-6 alkylene)r- O—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- S—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- NRj—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- CO—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- COO—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- CONRj—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- SO—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- SO2—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6alkylene)r- SONRj—(C1-6 alkylene)s, (C1-6 alkylene)r- SO2NRj—(C1-6 alkylene)s, or (C1-6 alkylene)r- NRjCONRk—(C1-6 alkylene)s, wherein each of the C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, and C2-6 alkynylene is optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO2, N3, SCN, OH, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-8 alkoxyalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, amino, C1-6 alkylamino, and C2-8 dialkylamino; A is aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from halo, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 hydroxyalkyl, C1-6 cyanoalkyl, pentahalosulfanyl, Cy, CN, NO2, ORa, SRa, C(O)Rb, C(O)NRcRd, C(O)ORa, OC(O)Rb, OC(O)NRcRd, NRcRd, NRcC(O)Rb, NRcC(O)NRcRd, NRcC(O)ORa, C(═NRi)NRcRd, NRcC(═NRi)NRcRd, P(Rf)2, P(ORe)2, P(O)ReRf, P(O)OReORf, S(O)Re, S(O)NRcRd, S(O)2Rb, NRcS(O)2Rb, and S(O)2NRcRd, wherein said C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, and C2-6 alkynyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from Cy, CN, NO2, ORa, SRa, C(O)Rb, C(O)NRcRd, C(O)ORa, OC(O)Rb, OC(O)NRcRd, NRcRd, NRcC(O)Rb, NRcC(O)NRcRd, NRcC(O)ORa, C(═NRi)NRcRd, NRcC(═NRi)NRcRd, P(Rf)2, P(ORe)2, P(O)ReRf, P(O)OReORf, S(O)Rb, S(O)NRcRd, S(O)2Rb, NRcS(O)2Rb, and S(O)2NRcRd; R is H, C(O)R2, C(O)OR3, or C(O)NR4R5; R1 is H or C1-4 alkyl; R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, C1-8 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO2, OH, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkoxy, amino, C1-4 alkylamino, C2-8 dialkylamino, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, and C2-6 alkynyl; R4 and R5 are independently selected from H, C1-8 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from halo, CN, NO2, OH, C1-4 alkoxy, C1-4 haloalkoxy, amino, C1-4 alkylamino, C2-8 dialkylamino, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, and C2-6 alkynyl; or R4 and R5 together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group; Cy is aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from halo, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, pentahalosulfanyl, CN, NO2, ORa1, SRa1, C(O)Rb1, C(O)NRc1Rd1, C(O)ORa1, OC(O)Rb1, OC(O)NRc1Rd1, NRc1Rd1, NRc1C(O)Rb1, NRc1C(O)ORa1, C(═NRi)NRc1Rd1, NRc1C(═NRi)NRc1Rd1, P(Rf1)2, P(ORe1)2, P(O)Re1Rf1, P(O)ORe1ORf1, S(O)Rb1, S(O)NRc1Rd1, S(O)2Rb1, and S(O)2NRc1Rd1; Ra and Ra1 are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein said C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl; Rb and Rb1 are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein said C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl; Rc and Rd are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein said C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3, substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl; or Rc and Rd together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group; Rc1 and Rd1 are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein said C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, or heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl; or Rc1 and Rd1 together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group; Re and Re1 are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, (C1-6 alkoxy)-C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, and heterocycloalkylalkyl; Rf and Rf1 are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocycloalkyl; Ri is H, CN, or NO2 Rj and Rk independently selected from H and C1-6 alkyl; r is 0 or 1; and s is 0 or 1; with the provisos: a) when the compound has Formula Ia and the ring containing T, U, V, and W is thienyl, and L is a bond, then A is other than unsubstituted naphthyl, unsubstituted phenyl, or phenyl substituted by one C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, or halo; b) when the compound has Formula Ia and the ring containing T, U, V, and W is furanyl, and L is a bond, then A is other than phenyl substituted by one —C(O)—(C1-4 alkyl); c) when the compound has Formula Ia and T is O, U is N, W is N, and V is CH, and L is a bond, then A is other then phenyl; and d) when the compound has Formula Ia and T is S, U is N, W is CH, and V is CH, and L is a bond, then A is other than unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl substituted with one —NH—C(O)O—(C1-4 alkyl), phenyl, or —S—(C1-4 alkyl). 2. The compound of claim 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein T
|
['A61K3141' 'A61K3500' 'C07D26106' 'A61K3142' 'C07D33306' 'C07D27702'
'A61K31426' 'C07D30702' 'C07D28508' 'A61K3138' 'A61K3134']
|
claim
|
11,297,855
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is generally related to a stapler for binding sheets of paper placed one upon another by driving staples therethrough, and more particularly, the present invention relates to an electric stapler. 2. Background of the Invention Stapler for attaching, for example, sheets of paper together is a necessary tool in the modern office. Manually operated staplers are in widespread use largely due to their modest price and outstanding reliability. However, some force is required to operate a manual stapler, especially when driving a staple through a thick stack of paper. To use a manual stapler, it must first be conveniently positioned on a table or desk so that the user can orient his hand and arm to exert sufficient force to drive the staple. Alternatively, the stapler can be grasped in the hand and squeezed between the fingers and palm to drive the staple. Either way requires that the stapler itself be repeatedly handled and/or moved, creating unnecessary and time-consuming operations. Moreover, due to the unstable force from the user, staple jamming often occurs. Electrically powered staplers eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages associated with manual staplers. Electrically powered staplers are more convenient and stable to use, jam less often, and are simpler to clean should jamming occur. Electrically powered staplers can be located in any convenient place such as on a desk or table, or far enough away from the user so as not to clutter his or her workspace and yet within easy reach to allow the user to extend a stack of paper into the stapler to effect attachment of the sheets in the stack. Such electrical staplers are not without their problems. A disadvantage of electric staplers is that they are often larger than manual staplers and require electricity to operate. Electric staplers further have to be installed near a socket-outlet rendering their use inconvenient. A typical electric stapler comprises an enclosure with a platform, an electric motor received in the enclosure, a power transmission device driven by the motor, a magazine receiving a plurality of staples, a clincher engaging a blade driven by the power transmission device to clinch the staples on the clincher, and a switch controlling the motor. The typical electric stapler further comprises a guide device defining a guideway. The guideway of the guide device restricts the blade to reciprocally move up and down in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the clincher on a platform. Accordingly, the typical electric stapler requires more space to allow the magazine to move up and down when stapling. The additional space increases the size of the stapler. In addition, assembly errors may adversely impact the combination of the blade and the magazine and increase the friction among the blade, the magazine, and the guide device. When this occurs, more power may be required to overcome the increase in friction when stapling. In light of the foregoing, there is a need to improve the typical electric stapler.
|
['B25C502']
|
background
|
12,379,537
|
[description] FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective views illustrating an ice making assembly structure for a refrigerator according to exemplary embodiments of the prevent invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating an ice making assembly according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the ice making assembly prior to ice being transferred to a container. FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a tray of the ice making assembly according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating a water level sensor of the ice making assembly according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an exemplary water level sensor, according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 5 which illustrates the increasing level of water supplied to the tray of the ice making assembly according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating voltage variations in a circuit where water level is increasing.
|
['F25C508' 'F16K2118' 'F25B4900' 'F25C104']
|
detailed_description
|
11,244,824
|
[summary] It is an object of the present invention to provide an expandable mandrel that is less complex than those used in the prior art. It is another object to provide an expandable mandrel that is lighter in weight and therefore easier to use than those used in the prior art. It is another object to provide an expandable mandrel that can easily move along a length of a pipe in order to reposition itself for use in subsequent friction stir welding operations on-site. The present invention is a mandrel that provides a counter-balancing force to the pressure exerted on the outside of a pipe or other arcuate surface by a friction stir welding tool, wherein the mandrel is expandable through the use of a wedge, and wherein the mandrel enables multiple friction stir welding heads to simultaneously perform welding on the arcuate surface. These and other objects, features, advantages and alternative aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in combination with the accompanying drawings.
|
['B23K2012']
|
summary
|
11,182,172
|
[claim] 1. A method of forming a plasma comprising: flowing a gas into a multi-mode processing cavity; and igniting the plasma by subjecting the gas in the cavity to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency less than about 333 GHz in the presence of at least one passive plasma catalyst comprising a material that is at least electrically semi-conductive. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the material comprises at least one of metal, inorganic material, carbon, carbon-based alloy, carbon-based composite, electrically conductive polymer, conductive silicone elastomer, polymer nanocomposite, organic-inorganic composite, and any combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the material is in the form of at least one of a nano-particle, a nano-tube, a powder, a dust, a flake, a fiber, a sheet, a needle, a thread, a strand, a filament, a yarn, a twine, a shaving, a sliver, a chip, a woven fabric, a tape, a whisker, and any combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the material comprises carbon fiber. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the material comprises carbon and is in the form of at least one of a nano-particle, a nano-tube, a powder, a dust, a flake, a fiber, a sheet, a needle, a thread, a strand, a filament, a yarn, a twine, a shaving, a sliver, a chip, a woven fabric, a tape, a whisker, and any combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the material comprises at least one nano-tube. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the material is at least partially coated with a second material. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one passive plasma catalyst comprises a plurality of elongated, electrically conductive items distributed in differing locations in the cavity. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the radiation has electric field lines, wherein each of the elongated items has a longitudinal axis, and wherein the longitudinal axes are not substantially aligned with the electric field lines. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plasma catalyst comprises at least one electrically conductive component and at least one additive in a ratio, the method further comprising sustaining the plasma, wherein the sustaining comprises: directing additional electromagnetic radiation into the cavity; and allowing the catalyst to be consumed by the plasma such that the plasma contains the at least one additive. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the igniting comprises igniting the plurality of plasma catalysts at differing locations in the cavity 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the cavity is in a radiation chamber and the catalyst is located entirely within the chamber such that the catalyst does not substantially conduct an electrical current to the chamber nor to any electrically conductive object located outside the chamber. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the igniting comprises igniting the plasma while the catalyst is suspended in the cavity. 21. A method of forming a plasma comprising igniting a plasma in a multi-mode chamber by subjecting a gas to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency less than about 333 GHz in the presence of a plasma catalyst comprising a powder. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising flowing a gas into the chamber. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the subjecting occurs in a cavity, located in the chamber. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising introducing the powder to the radiation using a carrier gas. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising introducing the powder to the radiation by a technique that at least temporarily suspends the powder in the cavity, the technique being at least one of feeding, gravity feeding, conveying, drizzling, sprinkling, and blowing. 27. The method of claim 21, further comprising introducing the powder into a cavity through a plurality of ignition ports. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the igniting comprises igniting the plasma while the powder is suspended. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the plasma catalyst comprises a non-combustible material. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the plasma catalyst is at least one of metal, carbon, carbon-based alloy, carbon-based composite, electrically conductive polymer, conductive silicone elastomer, polymer nanocomposite, and organic-inorganic composite. 31. A method of forming a plasma comprising subjecting a gas in a multi-mode cavity to electromagnetic radiation having a frequency less than about 333 GHz in the presence of an active plasma catalyst comprising at least one ionizing particle. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one ionizing particle comprises a beam of particles. 33. The method of claim 31, wherein the particle is at least one of an x-ray particle, a gamma ray particle, an alpha particle, a beta particle, a neutron, and a proton. 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one ionizing particle is a charged particle. 35. The method of claim 31, wherein the ionizing particle comprises a radioactive fission product. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein a second cavity is formed in a vessel that is at least partially transmissive to the product, the method further comprising positioning a radioactive fission source outside the second cavity such that the source directs the fission product through the vessel into the second cavity. 37. The method of claim 35, wherein the vessel and the radioactive fission source are inside a radiation chamber, and wherein the chamber comprises a material that substantially prevents the product from escaping the chamber. 38. The method of claim 35, further comprising positioning a radioactive fission source in a cavity, wherein the source generates the at least one fission product. 39. The method of claim 31, wherein the ionizing particle is a free electron, the method further comprising generating the electron by energizing an electron source. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the energizing comprises heating the electron source. 41. The method of claim 31, wherein the particle comprises a free proton, the method further comprising generating the free proton by ionizing hydrogen. 42. The method of claim
|
['A62D300']
|
claim
|
12,586,667
|
[invention] The present invention relates to a signal processing apparatus, a signal processing method, and a program, and more particularly to a signal processing apparatus, a signal processing method, and a program for expressing colors in a color range wider than a conventional color range in the processing of an image signal. In recent years, advances in the image processing technology have achieved higher image quality in video cameras for capturing and recording images and television receivers for displaying captured images, and have made it possible for present video cameras and television receivers to reproduce sharper images than conventional video cameras and television receivers. FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows an AV (Audio Visual) system including a video camera and a television receiver. In FIG. 1 , a signal of an image captured by a video camera 1 is supplied through a recording medium 11 or a network 12 to a television receiver 2 , which displays the image captured by the video camera 1 . Details of the video camera 1 and the television receiver 2 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings. FIG. 2 shows in block form details of the video camera 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 . The video camera 1 performs its processing operation according to predetermined standards (e.g., ITU-R (International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication sector) BT (Broadcasting service (Television)).601 (hereinafter referred to as BT.601) or ITU-R BT.709 (hereinafter referred to as BT.709)). It is assumed here that the video camera 1 performs its processing operation according to BT.709. In FIG. 2 , the video camera 1 includes a operation unit 21 , an image capturing unit 22 , an A/D converter 23 , a primary color converter 24 , a color signal corrector 25 , a photoelectric transducer 26 , a color signal converter 27 , an encoder 28 , a controller 29 , a recorder 30 , and a communication unit 31 . The operation unit 21 is operated by the user when the user enters various commands into the video camera 1 . The operation unit 21 supplies signals representing the execution of processing sequences that are indicated by the operation by the user of the operation unit 21 , to blocks that perform the respective processing sequences. For example, the operation unit 21 supplies the image capturing unit 22 with a signal representing the capturing of an image, and also supplies the controller 29 with a signal representing a destination of a signal (hereinafter referred to as an image signal) indicative of an image captured by the image capturing unit 22 . The image capturing unit 22 starts or stops an image capturing process according to an instruction from the operation unit 21 . The image capturing unit 22 supplies an image signal indicative of an image captured by the image capturing unit 22 to the A/D (Analog/Digital) converter 23 . The image capturing unit 22 includes a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) imager, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device), or the like, and outputs color signals R, G, B (Red, Green, Blue) as an image signal. The A/D converter 23 converts analog color signals supplied from the image capturing unit 22 into digital color signals, and supplies the digital color signals to the primary color converter 24 . The color signals R, G, B that are supplied from the A/D converter 23 to the primary color converter 24 are referred to as color signals R org , G org , B org . The primary color converter 24 converts the color signals R org , G org , B org supplied from the A/D converter 23 into color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 based on primary colors under BT.709, and supplies the color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 to the color signal corrector 25 . Specifically, the primary color converter 24 converts the color signals R org , G org , B org supplied from the A/D converter 23 into color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 based on primary colors under BT.709 according to the following equation (1): ( R 709 G 709 B 709 ) = ( 1.5968 - 0.6351 0.0383 - 0.1464 1.2259 - 0.0795 - 0.0141 - 0.1086 1.1227 ) ( R org G org B org ) ( 1 ) The matrixes of the equation (1) differ depending on the primary color points of the image capturing unit 22 . The color signal corrector 25 corrects the color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 supplied from the primary color converter 24 into color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 in a numerical range from 0 to 1.0 defined according to BT.709. Specifically, the color signal corrector 25 corrects color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 which are smaller than 0 into 0, i.e., clips color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 , and corrects color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 which are greater than 1.0 into 1.0, and supplies the corrected color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 to the photoelectric transducer 26 . It is assumed that the numerical values 0, 1.0 of the numerical range from 0 to 1.0 are minimum and maximum values, respectively, of the color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 according to BT.709. The photoelectric transducer 26 converts the color signals R 709 , G 709 , B 709 supplied from the color signal corrector 25 into color signals R′ 709 , G′ 709 , B′ 709 that are corrected with the γ of a display mechanism of B.709 (the nonlinearity of light emission luminance with respect to the image signal) according to photoelectric transducer characteristics according to BT.709, and supplies the converted color signals R′ 709 , G′ 709 , B′ 709 to the color signal converter 27
|
['G06K900']
|
background
|
11,337,628
|
Method and system for deleting floor in PoC system [SEP] [abstract] A method and system for deleting a floor in a PoC system is provided, in which a session management server has a function to reset a floor management list, namely to cancel all reserved floors at once, and when an arbitrary PoC user makes a request to reset the floor, the floor is reset according to whether authentication is made the system includes a PoC client attempting to make a request to delete a reserved floor, and a session management server receiving the floor deletion request message from the PoC client and deleting the reserved floor. The method includes making, by a PoC client belonging to an arbitrary group, a request to delete a floor reserved in a floor management list to a session management server, and deleting, by the session management server, the reserved floor when receiving the floor deletion request message from the PoC client.
|
['H04B700' 'H04Q720']
|
abstract
|
11,998,214
|
[summary] The inventive concept is a method of assisting patients and/or caregivers identify medications, based on comparison with an actual-size color photograph of each medication, after which, the said medication may then be arranged or organized in a container for future use, or immediately ingested or administered by a caregiver. This system also is designed to assist health care professionals, particularly physicians and pharmacists, in (1) providing patients with a personal record of photographic images of the particular medications which are currently prescribed for their use and (2) reviewing and analyzing the medical and prescription history of patients. The medication photographs are accessible and printable by physicians, pharmacists, or wholesale pharmaceutical suppliers by accessing, via the Internet, a specific electronic database which is continually updated. The system is further designed so as to comply with Federal regulations applicable to the privacy rights of patients, in particular the disclosure of personal medical information.
|
['G06Q5000']
|
summary
|
11,552,495
|
[description] transaction data-set creation in one embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 5A and 5B depict screen shots of output obtained through the use of the instant invention. That is, using a Dox Package analyzed by the method/apparatus as described herein, the exemplary data in the figure was available for analysis.
|
['G06Q9900' 'G07G100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,925,151
|
Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylase [SEP] [abstract] This invention relates to compounds for the inhibition of histone deacetylase. More particularly, the invention provides for compounds of formula (I) wherein Q, J, L and Z are as defined in the specification.
|
['A61K31553' 'C07D26710' 'C07D23928' 'A61K315513' 'A61P4300' 'A61K31506'
'C07D24314']
|
abstract
|
12,566,029
|
ACCOMMODATIVE INTRAOCULAR LENS [SEP] [abstract] An accommodating intraocular lens (AIOL) implant includes at least an anterior floating lens complex and a posterior lens complex, each of which comprises one or more optical elements, and a frame comprising one or more levers, which are coupled to the frame and the anterior floating lens complex. The levers are configured to leverage motion of the frame to move the anterior floating lens complex with respect to the posterior lens complex. Other embodiments are also described.
|
['A61F216']
|
abstract
|
12,354,594
|
[claim] 1. A creation method for database relating to a plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits, the database registering a plurality of function block cells constituting a design data of semiconductor integrated circuit and a plurality of evaluation values corresponding to the plurality of function block cells such that the plurality of function block cells are associated with the plurality of evaluation values, for each of the plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits, the creation method comprising: judging whether or not that a plurality of function block cells constituting a design data of desired semiconductor integrated circuit include an unregistered function block cell which is not registered in the database; calculating an unregistered evaluation value corresponding to the unregistered function block cell in a case where the plurality of function block cells constituting the design data of the desired semiconductor integrated circuit are judged to include the unregistered function block cell; and updating the database by registering the unregistered function block cell and the unregistered evaluation value such that the unregistered function block cell is associated with the unregistered evaluation value. 2. The creation method according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation value is a verification value of proximity effect correction or process proximity correction for a pattern corresponding to the function block cell, a critical area value for a pattern corresponding to the function block cell, a probability that hot spot or failure portion causing reduction of yield is included in a pattern corresponding to the function block cell, or the verification value, the critical area value or the probability for each of process conditions. 3. The creation method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of function block cells are cells to perform a basic logical operation or cells to perform a predetermined logical function constructed by a plurality of basic logical operation. 4. The creation method according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the unregistered evaluation value includes arranging a plurality of function block cells around the unregistered cell function block cells, and the unregistered evaluation value is calculated by considering the unregistered cell and the plurality of function block cells arranged around the unregistered cell as one unregistered cell. 5. The creation method according to claim 1, wherein the design data includes GDS and LEF. 6. The creation method according to claim 5, wherein the design data further includes DEF. 7. A database device comprising: a database relating to a plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits, the database registering a plurality of function block cells constituting a design data of semiconductor integrated circuit and a plurality of evaluation values corresponding to the plurality of function block cells such that the plurality of function block cells are associated with the plurality of evaluation values, for each of the plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits; a judging unit configured to judge whether or not that a plurality of function block cells constituting a design data of desired semiconductor integrated circuit include an unregistered function block cell which is not registered in the database; a calculating unit configured to calculate an unregistered evaluation value corresponding to the unregistered function block cell in a case where the plurality of function block cells constituting the design data of the desired semiconductor integrated circuit are judged to include the unregistered function block cell by the judging unit; and an updating unit configured to update the database by registering the unregistered function block cell and the unregistered evaluation value such that the unregistered function block cell is associated with the unregistered evaluation value. 8. The database device according to claim 7, wherein the calculating unit arranges a plurality of function block cells around the unregistered cell function block cells, and calculate the unregistered evaluation value by considering the unregistered cell and the plurality of function block cells arranged around the unregistered cell as one unregistered cell. 9. A method for evaluating design data comprising: preparing a database relating to a plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits, the database registering a plurality of function block cells constituting a design data of semiconductor integrated circuit and a plurality of evaluation values corresponding to the plurality of function block cells such that the plurality of function block cells are associated with the plurality of evaluation values, for each of the plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits; extracting a plurality of evaluation values from the database, wherein the plurality of evaluation values are associated with a plurality of function block cells of a desired semiconductor integrated circuit in the plurality of semiconductor integrated circuits; and judging whether or not the design data of the desired semiconductor integrated circuit is acceptable or rejectable based on the extracted plurality of evaluation values. 10. The method according to claim 4, wherein the design data of the desired semiconductor integrated circuit is judged rejectable when an evaluation value not satisfying a criteria is found in the plurality of evaluation values associated with the plurality of function block cells constituting the design data of the desired semiconductor integrated circuit, and further comprises outputting information including the function block cell not satisfying the criteria to a storage unit when the design data of the desired semiconductor integrated circuit is judged rejectable.
|
['G06F700' 'G11C800' 'G06F1200']
|
claim
|
10,535,964
|
[invention] Because a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resin has excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, chemical resistance, shock resistance, electric properties, etc., it has conventionally been attracting attention as an engineering plastic, and used as extrusion moldings for automobile parts, electric and electronic parts, etc. Because PBT also has excellent gas barrier and odor retention, thin PBT films having excellent thickness uniformity and thermal shrinkage resistance would be useful for wrapping sheets. However, PBT is disadvantageous in that it cannot be subjected to rapid orientation because of a low melt tension, and that a PBT film is likely to have wrinkles because its glass transition temperature is close to room temperature. Accordingly, it is extremely difficult to form a PBT resin into a smooth wrapping film having a uniform thickness of about 10 to 30 μm. There are a T-die method and an inflation method as the film production method, and the inflation method is generally more suitable for the production of thin films than the T-die method because of high productivity. However, PBT films produced by the inflation method disadvantageously have large thickness unevenness and thermal shrinkage. When a PBT film is produced by the T-die method, an unoriented film obtained by cooling a molten PBT resin extruded through a T-die is oriented so that it becomes thinner and have improved properties such as mechanical strength, etc. As a method for producing a PBT film by subjecting an unoriented film produced by a T-die method to biaxial orientation, JP 49-80178 A proposes a method of extruding molten PBT through a T-die onto a cooling roll at 65° C., for instance, and subjecting the resultant unoriented film to simultaneous biaxial orientation at a temperature that is a secondary transition temperature of PBT or higher and lower than the melting point by 10° C. or more. JP 51-40904 B proposes a method of extruding molten PBT through a T-die onto a cooling roll, for instance, at 30° C., orienting the resultant unoriented film at a temperature that is a secondary transition temperature of PBT or higher and lower than the melting point by 10° C. or more, and then orienting it at an orientation temperature at the first step or higher perpendicularly to an orientation direction at the first step. JP 51-146572 A proposes a method of orienting an unoriented film extruded through a T-die onto a cooling roll, for instance, at 30° C. in a lateral direction at a temperature that is the glass transition temperature of PBT or higher and 100° C. or lower, and then orienting it in a longitudinal direction at a temperature that is higher than an orientation temperature at the first step and the melting point of PBT or lower. However, because unoriented films produced by rapidly cooling a molten PBT resin are biaxially oriented in these references, they have insufficient orientability, resulting in large thickness unevenness and thermal shrinkage ratios in the resultant films. To facilitate the biaxial orientation of a PBT film, methods of laminating it with another resin film, methods of blending it with well-compatible resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, etc. have been proposed. However, any method has difficulty in forming as thin films as about 10 to 30 μm optimum for wrapping films.
|
['B29C5506']
|
background
|
11,449,336
|
[summary] A customizable ball mount for a vehicle is provided. The ball mount includes an elongated tube portion, a drop portion extending from the elongated tube portion, and a plate extending from the drop portion. The elongated tube portion has a circumferential side wall, a proximal end for insertion into an opening in a hitch receiver on the vehicle, a pair of opposing apertures in the side wall for attaching the ball mount to the hitch receiver, and an access opening disposed in the side wall. The drop portion is angled with respect to a length of the elongated tube portion and has a planar area facing away from the proximal end with at least one mounting hole disposed on the planar area. The plate extends substantially horizontally from the drop portion, and includes an aperture for attachment of a hitch ball. The access opening is adapted to provide access to an inner surface of the drop portion opposite the planar area, to allow for attachment of a customizing element to the planar area. Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
|
['B60D106']
|
summary
|
11,978,887
|
[claim] 1. A transfer paper suitable for inkjet printing, comprising: a base paper having a wire side and a felt side, and a release or barrier layer at least on the side of said base paper to be printed with ink, wherein said release or barrier layer: has a porosity of at most 100 ml/min. and contains filler, said filler being present in an amount up to about 15 wt. %; and is designed not to be transferred along with the ink. 2. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein the release or barrier layer is applied to the wire side. 3. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein the porosity is at most about 75 ml/min. 4. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein the porosity is between about 0 and about 25 ml/min. 5. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein the release or barrier layer is based on polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, alginate, gelatin or a mixture thereof. 6. A transfer paper according to claim 5, wherein the release or barrier layer is based on carboxymethylcellulose. 7. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein the filler comprises kaolin or talcum. 8. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein a non-transferable dye is added to the release or barrier layer or to the base paper. 9. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein, during printing of the transfer paper by means of an inkjet printer with an aqueous ink that contains a dispersion of sublimable dyes, substantially no flowing of the ink occurs. 10. A transfer paper according to claim 1, wherein the transfer paper is of photo quality. 11. A transfer paper according to claim 10, wherein the transfer paper has a single or multiple coated base. 12. A transfer paper according to claim 2, wherein: the porosity is between about 0 and about 25 ml/min; the release or barrier layer is based on polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, alginate, gelatin or a mixture thereof; the release or barrier layer contains up to about 15% of filler selected from a group consisting of kaolin and talcum; a non-transferable dye is added to the release or barrier layer or to the base paper; and the transfer paper has a single or multiple coated base and is of photo quality. 13. A transfer paper suitable for inkjet printing, comprising: a base paper having a wire side and a felt side, and a release or barrier layer at least on the side of said base paper to be printed with ink, wherein said release or barrier layer: has a porosity of at most 100 ml/min. and contains filler, said filler being present in an amount up to about 15 wt. %; and is in direct contact with said base paper, without an intervening layer therebetween. 14. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein the release or barrier layer is applied to the wire side. 15. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein the porosity is at most about 75 ml/min. 16. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein the porosity is between about 0 and about 25 ml/min. 17. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein the release or barrier layer is based on polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, alginate, gelatin or a mixture thereof. 18. A transfer paper according to claim 17, wherein the release or barrier layer is based on carboxymethylcellulose. 19. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein the filler comprises kaolin or talcum. 20. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein a non-transferable dye is added to the release or barrier layer or to the base paper. 21. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein, during printing of the transfer paper by means of an inkjet printer with an aqueous ink that contains a dispersion of sublimable dyes, substantially no flowing of the ink occurs. 22. A transfer paper according to claim 13, wherein the transfer paper is of photo quality. 23. A transfer paper according to claim 22, wherein the transfer paper has a single or multiple coated base. 24. A transfer paper according to claim 15, wherein: the porosity is between about 0 and about 25 ml/min; the release or barrier layer is based on polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, alginate, gelatin or a mixture thereof; the release or barrier layer contains up to about 15% of filler selected from a group consisting of kaolin and talcum; a non-transferable dye is added to the release or barrier layer or to the base paper; and the transfer paper has a single or multiple coated base and is of photo quality. 25. A transfer paper according to claim 24, wherein said release or barrier layer is designed not to be transferred along with the ink. 26. A transfer paper suitable for inkjet printing, provided, at least on the side to be printed, with a release or barrier layer, wherein the layer has a porosity of at most 100 ml/min.
|
['B41M500']
|
claim
|
12,539,839
|
[description] In this description, reference will be made to a number of terms that have the following meanings. The singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as “about” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. As used herein, the terms “may” and “may be” indicate a possibility of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability, or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly, usage of “may” and “may be” indicates that a modified term is apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in some circumstances the modified term may sometimes not be appropriate, capable, or suitable. For example, in some circumstances an event or capacity can be expected, while in other circumstances the event or capacity cannot occur—this distinction is captured by the terms “may” and “may be”. As noted above, vehicles, such as those used at mines, may generally include an engine or other power source, a system for conveying the engine's power to wheels or other motive components, and a control system for operating the vehicle. The engine or other power source may be referred to as the “prime mover” and is generally a device to convert fuel or some other form of stored energy into mechanical energy. The conveyance system may be a mechanical drivetrain, or an electrical system. With reference to the vehicle, the vehicle can include a vehicle frame and chassis. Depending on the vehicle type, embodiments of the system can be suitably sized and configured for use in a particular application or end-use. Suitable applications may include an off-highway vehicle, an underground mining vehicle, a passenger vehicle, a marine vessel, or a locomotive. Each application may have constraints on the system design and operating parameters. For example, space or volume may be a factor in a passenger vehicle or locomotive application; whereas capacity or economic considerations may be a constraint on an off-highway vehicle or marine vessel. In addition to these basic components, the vehicle may include other devices that require energy of some kind to operate. These devices may be related directly to the motion of the vehicle itself, such as devices to steer or decelerate the vehicle. Devices related to the intended purpose of the vehicle may also be included onboard, such devices for providing light or heat to a cabin, actuating a loading arm or scoop, or providing communications and control for the vehicle. Such devices are terms “accessories” herein, and the power that they collectively require is referred to as the “accessory load”. The power necessary for the accessory load will generally come from either the prime mover or a separate system provided specifically to power such devices. In an exemplary vehicle, the prime mover may be connected to an alternator or electrical generator to turn at least a portion of the mechanical work performed by the prime mover into electrical power that can be used to drive some or all of the onboard devices. Electrical energy storage may be provided to capture unused electrical energy that is generated by the prime mover. This energy may then be used to power devices even when the prime mover is not operating. In addition to the prime mover, other sources of energy may be used to power various onboard devices. Such sources may include separate power systems, such as auxiliary engines or batteries; environmental energy capture systems, such as photovoltaic systems; and devices designed to capture work done on the vehicle by sources other than the prime mover, for example as when it is braking. For example, during decelerative braking a vehicle is losing kinetic energy, generally through a system that retards the motion of the wheels directly, and converts the lost kinetic energy into heat. For example, in a vehicle such as a mine truck with a mechanical drivetrain, a disc brake or other friction surface may be applied to slow the motion of the wheel or axle. Such friction produces heat, dissipating the kinetic energy of the vehicle into the environment. In an electrical vehicle, a further braking technique is available in which the electric motor driving the wheel or axle is used as a generator instead of a motor, thereby extracting energy from the wheels' motion, rather than driving the wheels' motion. This reverse operation creates electric energy, which can be routed to a resistor grid to be dissipated as heat. In both systems, the work done on the vehicle to decelerate it (i.e., the lost kinetic energy) produces heat, which is dissipated to the environment and wasted as far as the vehicle is concerned. This heat loss may be exacerbated by factors such as devices designed to reduce the effect of the additional waste heat on the vehicle. For example, cooling systems such as fans may be required to enhance cooling. Such fans can be driven by a shaft, as a mechanical parasite off of the prime mover, or may be electrically driven. Both fan drives require continued energy input, whether mechanical or electrical. In some vehicles, an energy storage device captures and stores at least part of the energy from braking. Energy storage device technologies may include batteries, flywheels, and capacitors, depending upon whether the energy captured is mechanical or electrical. By using an appropriate combination of recapture and control, a more desirable vehicle configuration may provide one or more of the following characteristics: improved fuel efficiency, improved emissions, reduced noise, improved life,
|
['H02P314' 'B60K620']
|
detailed_description
|
11,723,185
|
[claim] 1. A method of preparing carbon nanotubes comprising: providing metal catalyst salts and a first solvent; contacting the metal catalyst salts with the first solvent to form a metal salt-containing solution; providing a support component and a second solvent; contacting the support component and the second solvent to form a support component suspension; contacting the metal catalyst salt-containing solution with the support component suspension to form a supported metal catalyst; removing the first and second solvents; heating the supported metal catalyst; grinding the supported metal catalyst to produce an supported metal catalyst powder; and contacting the supported metal catalyst powder with a carbon source to form carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material on the supported metal catalyst powder. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first solvent comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycol, tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second solvent comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycol, tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof. 4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising contacting the carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material on the supported metal catalyst powder with an acid sufficiently strong to remove the support component. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the acid comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and mixtures thereof. 6. The method according to claim 4 further comprising radiating the carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material on the supported metal catalyst powder with microwave radiation. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material is oxidized. 8. The method according to claim 4 further comprising heating the carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the heating comprises heating to a temperature sufficient to oxidize the carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the heating comprises heating to a temperature of about 350 C. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the support component comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, magnesia, zirconia and zeolites. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst salts comprise at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, silver, tungsten, platinum, gold and mixtures thereof. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst salts comprise acetates, nitrates, nitrites, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, hydroxides, acetylacetonate and mixtures thereof. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprise at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, butane, butylene, acetylene, benzene, naphthalene, toluene, alcohols, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, acetone and mixtures thereof. 15. The method according to claim 1 further comprising contacting the supported metal catalyst powder with a reducing atmosphere prior to contacting the supported metal catalyst powder with the carbon source. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbon, multi-shell carbon, carbon-containing shells, carbon black and carbides. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst salts and the support component are in a molar ratio ranging from between about 1:5 to about 1:100. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst salts and the support component are in a molar ratio ranging from between about 1:15 to about 1:60. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the metal catalyst salts and the support component are in a molar ratio ranging from between about 1:15 to about 1:40. 20. The method according to claim 1 further comprising varying the molar ratio of the metal catalyst salts to the support component, wherein varying the molar ratio changes the particle size of the supported metal catalyst. 21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the particle size of the supported metal catalyst ranges between about 3 nm and about 11 nm. 22. Electrodes comprising the carbon nanotubes prepared according to the method of claim 1 and the metal catalyst salt. 23. A method of preparing carbon nanotubes comprising providing a metal catalyst salt and a surfactant; contacting the metal catalyst salt and the surfactant to form a first mixture; heating the first mixture to form metal catalyst nanoparticles; providing a support component; contacting the support component and the metal catalyst nanoparticles to form supported metal catalyst nanoparticles; drying the supported metal catalyst nanoparticles; and contacting the supported metal catalyst nanoparticles with a carbon source to form carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material on the supported metal catalyst nanoparticles, and wherein the metal catalyst nanoparticles comprise metal catalyst nanoparticles having diameters ranging between about 1 nm and about 11 nm. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycol, tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof. 25. The method according to claim 23 further comprising contacting the carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material on the supported metal catalyst nanoparticles with an acid sufficiently strong to remove the support component. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the acid comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and mixtures thereof. 27. The method according to claim 25 further comprising radiating the carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material on the supported metal catalyst powder with microwave radiation. 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material is oxidized. 29. The method according to claim 25 further comprising heating the carbon nanotubes and carbon-containing non-carbon nanotube material. 30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the heating comprises heating to a temperature sufficient to oxidize the carbon-containing
|
['B01J2118' 'D01F912' 'B01J2306' 'B01J2326' 'B01J2342' 'B01J2344'
'B01J2328' 'B01J2350' 'B01J2352' 'B01J2904' 'H01B104']
|
claim
|
11,494,641
|
[invention] Today, small size high value articles, such as digital media, like add-on memory chips, are commodities that are sold through electronics departments of retail department stores and at discount warehouse superstores. Typically, the memory chips (sic memory cards that contain memory chips) are displayed to store customers in a plastic clamshell type package that either hangs from a rack or sets on a shelf. Other small size products, such as inexpensive jewelry, MP3 players, small digital cameras and other small electronic devices, if not already treated as a commodity, will soon be, and those products may then also be retailed in a clam shell package. The clamshell package is constructed of a tough stiff transparent plastic material. Typically, the package incorporates information on the product packaged within and/or printed advertising. As an advantage, the clamshell package permits the customer to visually inspect the product through transparent walls or windows that, for one, ensures the customer that the product is indeed inside the package. However, for reasons of product security, the toughness of the package material prevents the customer from opening the package with the customer's bare hands, particularly inside the store. That security is an important reason the plastic clamshell package remains popular with retailers. A shoplifter cannot easily pilfer the product. The shoplifter cannot open the package in the store, unobserved, and remove the product. That security feature effectively saves the store a great deal of money. For that reason any new package design for those products must also take security into account and, ideally, achieve at least the same degree of security against pilferage that is obtained with the plain old clamshell package. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a display package that is interesting and attractive and prevents product pilferage. Practically all manufacturers of rack-mounted products at present use the same clamshell package design for their respective products. One package is very much like another and the package offers no contribution to product distinction. That “me-too” approach, although functional, may lead a potential customer into thinking, as example, that a memory chip from one manufacturer is the same as one from another competitive manufacturer, whether or not true in fact. If there is any difference in quality or functionality those differences may become lost in the monotony of the existing product packaging. As an advantage, the present invention allows a manufacturer to enhance the distinctiveness of the manufacturer's product by making the package for that product attractive, novel and unique. Accordingly, another object of the invention is to provide a new package for rack mounted product that is visibly novel and unique in design. A still further object of the invention is to provide a new package for rack mounted product that is visibly novel, unique in design and incorporates security against product pilferage.
|
['B65D7300']
|
background
|
11,062,877
|
[summary] In carrying out the object in a preferred manner, according to an aspect of the invention, an application sets install method for dispersion server includes the steps of describing a dependency over a plurality of hosts configuring a system as data in a reusable format and causing each host to autonomously and recursively refer to a dependency for determining an installing destination when executing an install and to automatically execute the installing process. The application sets install method for dispersion server includes the steps of assigning a name label of an operation host function represented as a name to be understood by a user to each host included in the system and locating an agent for managing installs in each host. Each agent has a function of referring to the correspondence between the host included in the system and the name label of the operation host function and a function of retrieving a list of hosts corresponded with a name label of a certain operation host function. Each agent also has a function of automatically determining a software package required to be installed and a host to which the software is to be installed by referring information about a dependency of the softwares and the name label of the operation host function of each host included in the system. Further, each agent has a means of retrieving the software package, a function of requiring a dependent host of installing the software package and a function of executing the install. Actually, each agent executes the installing process required by each host. (1) Provision of a Method of Automatically Solving a Host to which a Software is to be Installed The application sets install for dispersion server is executed to automatically refer to and determine mapping of an abstract function name to a concrete host since information for determining a dependent host in an abstract format is written in the dependency. This makes it possible to automatically configure the overall system unless a system administrator specifies a detailed software configuration for each host. (2) Provision of a Highly Usable Describing Method The dependency over a plurality of hosts may be hierarchically described in a format dependent on information (such as a host name, a number of hosts and a network address) proper to a target system. The information about a system configuration designed for a specific system may be used by another system. (3) Provision of a System Descriptive Format by Software Creator and System Designer This application sets install method allows a software creator who creates each software package to describe a dependency about a dependent host concerned with a provided portion according to the predetermined configuration of the overall system and thereby provide the know-how about an installing destination of each software together with definition of the dependency. This makes it possible to clearly share definitions of the overall system, a definition of the dependencies of a software, and knowledge required for installing the software and eliminate the necessity of sharing the same know-how among executors of the foregoing operations unlike the prior arts. Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
|
['G06F9445']
|
summary
|
11,510,976
|
[description] There is a growing demand in the industry to bring ‘economic evaluations’ earlier into the decision making process; that is, to perform ‘economic screening’ of reservoir simulation production results. However, the current practice (including ‘carrying out the majority of the technical work based on volumes and engineering designs thereby generating a set of results, and then sending the set of results to a planner/economist for independent economic evaluation’) could potentially lead to missed value. In other words, the current process of ‘economic evaluation of prospective reservoir prospects’ is either absent, complex, or late in the cycle As a result, this specification discloses an ‘economic evaluation tool’ (represented by a software adapted to be stored in a workstation or other computer system) that provides an integrated and simple way of calculating and displaying economic indicators in connection with the development of a prospective reservoir prospect in response to a given set of costs and other production data associated with the prospective reservoir prospect. Referring initially to FIG. 1, the current leading ‘petroleum project economics tool’ [referred to as the ‘Petroleum Economics Evaluation Product’ or ‘PEEP’, which is owned and operated by Schlumberger Technology Corporation of Houston, Tex.] is not designed specifically to provide an ‘economic screening of reservoir simulation results’. However, due to the ‘openness’ of the
|
['G06Q5000']
|
detailed_description
|
11,769,718
|
[summary] In view of the defect that the conventional rotary-table game machine has few ways of playing, the present invention provides an innovatory rotary-table game machine having variant ways of playing. The rotary-table game machine provided in the present invention is composed of a rotary-table device and an index device. The rotary-table device has a rotary table rotated by a first motor; the index device has three index pins arranged to space equiangularly and rotated by a second motor. When in operation, the first motor and the second motor make the rotary table rotate reversely against the index pins. When in stopping rotation, the three index pins point three different division areas at the periphery of the rotary table. By providing a main control board and a sensing plate in the rotary table, a result is show on a display. Thereby the rotary-table game machine can provide variant ways of playing, the odds of winning are increased; and fun of playing can be increased too. The rotary-table game machine provided in the present invention can have the division areas at the periphery of the rotary table colored with a plurality of completely different colors, multiples or figures as markings, thus a player can have variant ways of guessing, and interest of playing can be largely increased. The present invention will be apparent in its characteristics and variant ways of playing after reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment thereof in reference to the accompanying drawings.
|
['A63B7100']
|
summary
|
12,544,588
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence (EL) element which can be used suitably for illumination and has optical permeability and to a method of manufacturing the same. 2. Description of the Related Art Since the organic EL element is a self-luminescence type element which includes an organic compound as a light emitting material and allows luminescence at a high speed, it is suitable for displaying a video image, and it has features that allow an element structure to be simple and a display panel to be thin. Having such outstanding features, the organic EL element is spreading in everyday life as a cellular phone display or a vehicle-mounted display. Further, in recent years, it has attracted attention as next-generation lighting, taking advantage of the features of thin plane luminescence as described above. Since one electrode is formed of a reflective electrode made of a metal, the usual organic EL element is arranged such that light is externally extracted in one direction from the electrode opposite to this reflective electrode, and arranged to have a mirror surface. In such an organic EL element, influence by optical interference within a device is unavoidable due to its structure and it suffers from a disadvantage that the extraction efficiency of the light to the exterior may be reduced and the angle dependability of an emission spectrum may become large, for example. Furthermore, optical absorption in the reflective electrode also reduces the luminous efficiency. In particular, the influence is remarkable in an element having a multi-photon structure. With respect to this, it has been considered that the organic EL element which is not influenced by optical interference can be prepared by forming the conventional reflective electrode with the transparent electrode and by arranging the light to be extracted by diffusion reflection (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Publication Nos. 2002-231054 and 2007-200597). However, with the conventional element structure, in the case where the reflective electrode is simply replaced with the transparent electrode, it is difficult to inject electron from the transparent electrode. Further, because of the plasma damage by the sputtering etc. at the time of forming the transparent electrode, it is not possible to obtain an element property equivalent to that using the conventional reflective electrode in the element whose cathode is constituted by the transparent electrode. Therefore, in the case of using the organic EL element as a light source, such as lighting, especially, there is a need for a technique which allows aiming at improving the efficiency of extracting the light from the organic EL element to the exterior.
|
['H01J162' 'C23C1434']
|
background
|
11,349,734
|
[summary] Methods and compositions for assaying an agent for TERT promoter modulatory activity are provided. In the subject methods, an agent is contacted with a normal cell under assay conditions that provide for a detectable phenotype, e.g., cell death, upon modulation of TERT promoter transcription control activity. Also provided are compositions, systems and kits thereof, as well as devices, that find use in practicing the subject methods. The subject invention finds use in assaying agents for TERT promoter modulatory activity, such as in a high throughput format.
|
['C12Q100' 'C12Q168']
|
summary
|
11,892,756
|
[claim] 1. A steering damper mounting structure of a vehicle, comprising: a head pipe forming part of a vehicle body; a front fork steerably disposed on the head pipe, the front fork for suspending a front wheel; a fork bridge including a top bridge and a bottom bridge connecting a left member and a right member of the front fork; a steering damper disposed on the fork bridge and the head pipe, the steering damper for dampening a movement transmitted from a side of the front wheel to a handlebar, the steering damper being mounted to the head pipe and the top bridge and being disposed on a side of the top bridge between the top bridge and the bottom bridge; and a light unit disposed on a side of the bottom bridge between the top bridge and the bottom bridge. 2. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the steering damper includes a main body having a cylinder, a piston movably inserted in the cylinder, and a rod disposed on the piston, the main body has an end disposed on the head pipe and the rod has an end disposed on the top bridge, the main body includes an adjustment knob for use in adjusting a cross-sectional area of a path for oil packed in the cylinder, the adjustment knob being operable from an upward direction, and the top bridge includes a protrusion that contacts the main body if an attempt is made to mount the main body on the top bridge or the rod on the head pipe, thereby preventing erroneous installation. 3. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the end of the rod is mounted on the top bridge via a collar. 4. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 2, wherein the end of the rod is mounted on the top bridge via a collar. 5. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle includes a number plate marked with a competition identification number, the number plate being disposed upwardly of the light unit and forwardly of the steering damper. 6. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 2, wherein the vehicle includes a number plate marked with a competition identification number, the number plate being disposed upwardly of the light unit and forwardly of the steering damper. 7. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 1, wherein a first portion of the steering damper attached to the head pipe and a second portion of the steering damper attached to the top bridge are each covered with a boot for minimizing entry of rainwater, dust, or the like. 8. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 2, wherein a first portion of the steering damper attached to the head pipe and a second portion of the steering damper attached to the top bridge are each covered with a boot for minimizing entry of rainwater, dust, or the like. 9. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 7, wherein the boot includes an opening for draining water. 10. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 8, wherein the boot includes an opening for draining water. 11. A steering damper mounting structure for a vehicle, the vehicle including a head pipe, a front fork, a fork bridge including a top bridge and a bottom bridge connecting a left member and a right member of the front fork, said steering damping mounting structure comprising: a steering damper mounted to the fork bridge and the head pipe, the steering damper being between the top bridge and the bottom bridge; and a light unit disposed on a side of the bottom bridge between the top bridge and the bottom bridge. 12. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 11, wherein the steering damper includes a main body having a cylinder, a piston movably inserted in the cylinder, and a rod disposed on the piston, the main body has an end disposed on the head pipe and the rod has an end disposed on the top bridge, the main body includes an adjustment knob for use in adjusting a cross-sectional area of a path for oil packed in the cylinder, the adjustment knob being operable from an upward direction, and the top bridge includes a protrusion that contacts the main body if an attempt is made to mount the main body on the top bridge or the rod on the head pipe, thereby preventing erroneous installation. 13. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 11, wherein the end of the rod is mounted on the top bridge via a collar. 14. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 12, wherein the end of the rod is mounted on the top bridge via a collar. 15. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 11, wherein the vehicle includes a number plate marked with a competition identification number, the number plate being disposed upwardly of the light unit and forwardly of the steering damper. 16. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 12, wherein the vehicle includes a number plate marked with a competition identification number, the number plate being disposed upwardly of the light unit and forwardly of the steering damper. 17. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 11, wherein a first portion of the steering damper attached to the head pipe and a second portion of the steering damper attached to the top bridge are each covered with a boot for minimizing entry of rainwater, dust, or the like. 18. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 12, wherein a first portion of the steering damper attached to the head pipe and a second portion of the steering damper attached to the top bridge are each covered with a boot for minimizing entry of rainwater, dust, or the like. 19. The steering damper mounting structure according to claim 17, wherein the boot includes an opening for draining water.
|
['B62K2108']
|
claim
|
12,511,212
|
[description] As noted previously, the present device has been configured for locating structural stud members beneath a surface FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the inventive device. Turning to FIG. 1, device 10 has been employed to locate structural stud member 18 beneath membrane 17 having surface 8. As noted, oftentimes, finding the location of stud 18 can be extremely difficult, particularly when membrane 17 is thick or surface 8 uneven. In operation, one would initially create through bore 9 generally of a smaller diameter than the diameter of any opening which would be made within membrane 17 above structural stud member 18 The location of through bore 9 could be randomly chosen or a skilled contractor could tap surface 8 of membrane 17 for determining the approximate location of stud 18. Device 10, itself, comprises support block 11 for receiving probe member 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, probe member 12 is a wire, such as a stainless steel wire of approximately 1 inches in diameter having a radius of curvature of approximately 2 inches although both the size of probe member 12 and its radius of curvature can be widely varied depending upon the application to which device 10 will be put. As noted, probe member 12 extends from support block 11 at a selective arc of curvature terminating at 15 spaced apart from support block 11. Indicator member 13 extends from support block 11 and in, its preferred embodiment, is pivotal as noted by reference to phantom indicator member 13a. This feature allows the smallest possible through bore 9 consistent with reliable resealing, the ability to tip the indicator member up enables you to feed probe member 12 easily into bore 9. As further noted from FIG. 1, indicator member 13 extends from support block 11 parallel to probe member 12 terminating at 14. It should further be noted that probe termination point 15 is coextensive with indicator member terminal end 14, this relationship being highlighted by the inclusion of dotted line 16. In operation, a user would first determine an approximate location for the creation of through bore 9. With indicator 13 pivoted upward, probe member 12 would then be fed within through bore 9 until support block 11 rests on surface 8 whereupon a user would lower indicator 13 and rotate support block 11 until probe end 15 is felt to confront an obstruction Probe member 12 would then be fed within through bore 9 whereupon a user would rotate support block 11 on surface 8 until probe end 15 confront an obstruction and could be turned no further. Terminal end 15 of probe 12 would then be in abutting contact with surface 19 of structural stud member 18 If indicator member 14 was in position 13a which may be preferred if surface 8 was uneven thus causing indicator member 13 to hang up on various obstructing surface characteristics, the indicator member would be lowered to its orientation shown at 13 such that terminal end 14 of indicator 13 would be directly above terminal end 15 of probe 12 A user could then measure in from terminal end 14 to locate the center of the stud for applying any anchoring hardware thereto. It should be quite obvious in considering the above discussion that through the use of a simple through hole 9 within membrane 17 one is able to determine the location of stud 18 without use of any magnetic or capacitive instruments. No longer need one concern oneself with the nature of membrane 17 or surface 8 as an impediment to structural stud member location. The device of FIG. 1 can also be made of a one piece construction for cost savings as well as for use by residential do-it-yourself handymen. In this regard, reference is made to FIG. 3 As noted in FIG. 3, device 30 can be composed of three merged segments, the first segment 32 which, in use, extends substantially perpendicularly to a surface to be probed, a second segment 35 having an arc of curvature and termination point 34 and a third segment 31 appended to said first segment extending substantially perpendicular to first segment 32 in a direction substantially parallel to second segment 35 and having end 33 coextensive with termination point 34 of second segment 35 such that third segment 31 provides a user with the orientation and termination point of second segment 35 when second segment 35 is beneath a surface. In operation, the embodiment of FIG. 3 would be used as was discussed with regard to FIG. 1 whereby second segment 35 would be fed through an appropriate through bore and rotated by grasping onto third segment 31 thus turning the device until terminal end 34 of second segment 35 abutted a face of a structural stud member. It should be noted that in referencing FIG. 3, three segments were discussed as individual members. It should be quite apparent to even a casual observer that first segment 32 and second segment 35 could actually be one continuous member taking on the shape of curved wire 12 of FIG. 11n viewing the embodiment of FIG. 3 in that way, the continuous probe as the combined regions 32 and 35 would extend from portion 31 of device 30 FIG. 2 represents yet another embodiment of the present invention. Although this device is certainly more complex than its counterparts illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, it is certainly capable of locating appropriate structural stud members as discussed previously. Turning to FIG. 2, device 20 is shown extending through membrane 17 supported by surface 8. The device itself comprises support block 21 affixedly retaining tube 22 extending therefrom in a first orientation along longitudinal axis 28. A first segment 23 housed within tube 22 is spring biased to support block 21 via helical spring 26. Second segment 24 is selectively oriented within tube 22, said second segment pivotable from first orientation along longitudinal axis 28 to its second
|
['G01R1900']
|
detailed_description
|
12,527,027
|
[summary] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved controlled-release formulation containing cilostazol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for preparing said formulation. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a controlled-release formulation comprising cilostazol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solubilizing agent, a swelling agent, a swell-controlling agent, and a gas generating material. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing said controlled-release formulation comprising the steps of: 1) mixing cilostazol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solubilizing agent, a swelling agent, a swell-controlling agent, and a gas generating material, granulating the resulting mixture; and 2) formulating the resulting mixture in the form of a capsule or a tablet.
|
['A61K928' 'A61K314709']
|
summary
|
11,507,501
|
Glass-ceramic composition, glass-ceramic sintered body, and monolithic ceramic electronic component [SEP] [abstract] A glass-ceramic composition contains first ceramic particles principally containing forsterite; second ceramic particles principally containing at least one selected from the group consisting of calcium titanate, strontium titanate, and titanium oxide; and borosilicate glass particles containing about 3% to 15% lithium oxide, about 20% to 50% magnesium oxide, about 15% to 30% boron oxide, about 10% to 45% silicon oxide, about 6% to 20% zinc oxide, 0% to about 15% aluminum oxide, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, barium oxide, and strontium oxide on a weight basis. The content of the borosilicate glass particles is about 3% or more; the lower limit of the content of the additive is about 2%; and the upper limit of the additive content is about 15%, about 25%, or about 25% when the additive is calcium oxide, barium oxide, or strontium oxide, respectively, on a weight basis.
|
['C03C1004' 'C03C1400']
|
abstract
|
11,614,899
|
MICROINJECTOR CHIP [SEP] [abstract] A microinjector chip, and associated methods, for microinjecting a plurality of cells with injection materials is provided wherein the microinjector chip comprises a plurality of projections protruding in parallel from and perpendicular to a top surface of the microinjector chip.
|
['A61M500']
|
abstract
|
12,430,476
|
[invention] Welding operations are in the trend of being automated, such as with robotic welding, where a robotic welding unit continuously performs a repeated or a series of repeated welding operations. In such an application it is necessary for the welding wire/electrode to be continuously supplied so that the welding operation is not stopped to reload an additional supply of welding wire. Thus, large bulk wire welding containers have been developed and provided which contain a large length of wire. For example 500 feet of wire can be provided in a coiled fashion within the container. In such a container the wire is drawn out through an opening in a lid of the container, where the lid often functions to hold coils of the wire within the container to prevent the wire from unwinding out of the top of the container. Even though the length of the wire is large, as with all things, it will eventually run out requiring replacement. The replacement of the container causes down time in which welding does not occur. Additionally, depending on the construction of the lid as the wire is drawn out of the container the wire can bind or tend to get snagged, thus stopping the welding operation. In an effort to deal with the container replacement issue discussed above, systems have been developed which allow the tail end of a welding electrode from a first container to be secured to the beginning end of a welding electrode from a second container to allow for further continuous welding. However, there are issues with these systems in that they may not provide for ease of drawing out of the wire during operation and/or they may not provide sufficient stability or security to the end portion of the wire to allow property security of the end portion to the beginning portion of a next container. Therefore, a need exists to provide a welding container lid and a container containing the lid which allows for the easy payout of the wire and proper security to an end portion of the wire in a container.
|
['B65D4500']
|
background
|
12,580,761
|
[description] To achieve the uniform irradiation profile of tumor tissue in the human body shown in FIG. 3 or a profile which can be adapted as desired, the system for irradiating patients with charged particles according to the invention comprises a raster scanning irradiation unit 1, which is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4. The raster scanning irradiation unit 1 comprises a particle accelerator 2 for charged particles. Protons or heavy ions, for example, can be used as the charged particles for the irradiation of tumors. The raster scanning irradiation unit 1 also comprises a beam guide unit 4, which consists of several beam guide magnets 6 and usually straight beam guide sections 8 arranged between the magnets. One of the most important requirements when irradiating patients with charged particles is that the beam be guided with extreme precision. The particle beam is conducted by the beam guide unit 4 into a treatment room, in which, in the present example, a gantry 10 is arranged, which can be rotated 360°. The 3D scanning system 12 serves to direct the beam accurately onto the tumor tissue and comprises various elements, to be described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 5, for the precise control of the particle beam. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5, the deflecting unit 16 of the 3D scanning system 12 is connected to the ring of the gantry 10 and can be rotated together with it into any desired position, from which the patient is then irradiated. As a result, it is possible to irradiate from various directions for various applications. The invention is also applicable to stationary irradiation machines not designed as a gantry 10. With the inventive system, the patients are preferably irradiated in a raster scanning process, for which purpose the tumor tissue is divided into uniformly spaced raster points 62 (see FIG. 11b), to which the dose is administered, the points being arranged in a three-dimensional raster. So that the tumor can be scanned accurately with the treatment beam, i.e., so that the particle beam can be directed accurately onto each of the individual 3D raster points 62 in the target volume, the 3D scanning system 12 (see FIG. 5) has, first, an energy variation unit 14 for setting the energy of the particle beam and thus the penetration depth of the beam into the patient in the beam direction. In the present example, the energy variation unit is designed as a degrader wedge, which in a specific case can be pushed a certain distance into the path of the beam, where it will thus absorb a certain amount of the energy of the particle beam. In this way, the energy of the particle beam and thus the penetration depth of the particle beam in the beam direction into the body can be determined with an accuracy on the sub-millimeter scale. In addition to the degrader wedge, it is also possible to use other types of energy variation units 14 such as range shifter plates. The deflecting unit 16 aims the particle beam at various selected raster points within each layer 22 of predetermined penetration depth in the patient; the layer in question is defined by the energy variation unit 14 and is oriented transversely to the beam direction. The deflecting unit 16 comprises, for example, a double-pole deflecting magnet 18 for deflecting the particle beam in the x direction and a double-pole deflecting magnet 20 for deflecting the particle beam in the y direction. Other arrangements are also conceivable. The deflecting unit 16 thus causes the particle beam to travel along a meandering path in each layer 22 of predetermined penetration depth, wherein the particle beam is always turned off in the sections of the path located between two adjacent raster points 62. To ensure the administration of a precise dose, furthermore, the beam is directed onto the tumor only after the process of adjusting the settings of the deflecting magnets 18, 20 has been completed. The dose or the number of charged particles to be administered to one raster point 62 can differ considerably from that administered to the adjacent point, depending on the shape of the tumor. A highly complex system which establishes the individual irradiation parameters down to the smallest detail and monitors the functionality of the system is provided for therapy planning and for ensuring precise irradiation. The electronic components of a system according to the invention which participate in the calculation and transmission of the irradiation data and the irradiation commands are illustrated in FIG. 6. The therapy planning system 24 comprises a therapy planning stage 26 for dose calculation and optimization. To this stage flow all the results of the previously completed medical evaluation, the indication, the contouring of the target volume, and the therapy concept as well as the associated CT data. On that basis, the therapy planning stage 26 calculates first the desired dose distribution {x, y, z dose} under consideration of the parameters established by the physician in charge. Then, under consideration of the functional data of the overall system, a therapy plan 28 is generated, which establishes the energy and number of charged particles for each raster point 62 in each layer 22 by calculations based on the desired dose distribution. Thus, a data set of the type {x, y, particle energy, number of particles} is assigned to each raster point 62 in the so-called “spot space”. These data of the therapy plan 28 are transmitted to a therapy data memory 36, which also contains all the patient data 30 and the CT data 32 for the purpose of, for example, patient position verification. In addition, safety devices 34, which check the therapy plan in detail, are provided even at this early point. The therapy planning system 24 then supplies the therapy control system 42 with all of the therapy planning data 40 from, for example, the therapy data memory 36. Configuration data 38 of the system are also taken into
|
['A61N500']
|
detailed_description
|
11,215,539
|
[description] In general, the invention provides indicia on one or more surface or edge of an IC package for encoding the identity of the mold cavity used in the manufacture of the particular package. The indicia are preferably optically readable and may be arranged in a binary code scheme. The indicia themselves are referred to herein as “dots” and “indentations” to differentiate between preferred embodiments using surface indicia and deeper indicia. It should be understood that the indicia used in implementing the invention may take various forms of indentation, dot, spot, groove, trench, divot, niche, ridge, bump, or other readable mark without departing from the scope of the invention, and that the indicia may be used on the top, bottom, side, or edge of a package. Now referring primarily to FIG. 2, an exemplary embodiment of a package 20 made according to the invention is shown in a bottom view. As shown, leads 22 extend from die area, indicated by die pad 18, as is common in the arts. The mold cavity markings are recorded using indicia 24 formed in the mold compound. The indicia shown in this example in the form of indentations are molded or etched into the long side of the package 20 between the leads 22. Many alternatives exist for the size, shape and location of indicia within the scope of the invention. Although fourteen identical indicia 24 are shown in FIG. 2 for the purpose of illustrating an exemplary indicia location pattern for use with the invention, it should be understood that in practice it is not usual for all indicia 24 to indicate the same value. The “encoding” of the indicia 24 may be varied as necessary in order to signify particular mold cavity locations as needed in the particular application. More or fewer than fourteen indicia 24 may also be used. For example, the invention may be used wherein a filled indicium indentation is read as a “0” and an open indicium is read as a “1”, or vice versa. The encoded values indicative of mold location may be read in a direction consistent with the numbering of the package leads, although other approaches may be used. Preferably, binary codes may be used to indicate a unique identifier for each mold cavity location in use in a particular mold. FIG. 3 is a cut-away side view of the package 20 of FIG. 2 taken along line 3-3. Two open indicia 24 are shown. As shown in the alternative embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, the mold cavity coding indicia 24 may also be formed in the small package side 30. As mentioned with respect to FIG. 3, a binary coding scheme may be used as needed to indicate a particular mold cavity. Eight indicia 24 are shown for the sake of example in this alternative embodiment. At the top of FIG. 4, two filled 24a and two unfilled indicia 24b are shown, which may be used to represent the binary values “one” and “zero”. Thus, (assuming a starting point at the upper left-hand corner) the embodiment of FIG. 4 could read “1010000”, or “01011111”, for example, or some other value, depending upon the encoding scheme and starting point selected for implementing the invention. Another view of this alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. In the side view of FIG. 5, it may be appreciated that the indicia 24 may be arranged so as to be readable from the edge of the package 20 in addition to or instead of only from the bottom. Of course, those skilled in the arts will also recognize that the indicia may be placed on top of the package as well without departure from the scope of the invention. Now referring primarily to FIG. 6, the invention may alternatively be embodied using indicia 24 formed on a surface of the package 20 as shown. For example, “shiny” circular or “dot” indicia 24c, e.g. “ones”, may be formed by not roughening the mold used to form the package at the selected location, and the “matt” indicia 24d, e.g. “zeros”, may be used to identify the indicator 24d location, or may be omitted entirely. As with the other embodiments shown and described herein, the indicia 24 may also be placed also on the long side of the package, between the leads 22, or on an “edge,” “side” or “top” surface. Of course, the use of eight indicia as shown by way of example is not intended to imply limitations or restrictions on the number or arrangement of indicia used in the practice of the invention. The invention provides advantages including but not limited to reductions in the area and depth of mold cavity identification markings for IC packages. Additional advantages may be realized in terms of cost, flexibility in the location of the markings, and including an increased amount of information in the markings. While the invention has been described with reference to certain illustrative embodiments, those described herein are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the arts that the invention may be used with various types of semiconductor devices and package types. For example, the code marking of the invention may be placed on the top or sides of packages as well as on the bottom surface using binary or other coding schemes. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments as well as other advantages and embodiments of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the arts upon reference to the drawings, description, and claims.
|
['H01L2166']
|
detailed_description
|
11,241,913
|
[summary] Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an LCD and a repairing method thereof that substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. An advantage of the present invention is to provide an LCD that is constructed to provide an easy repair process therefor by darkening its defective cell. Additional advantage and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a method of repairing an LCD, including: forming a hole on a liquid crystal panel at a position corresponding to a defective pixel; and forming a repair pattern in the hole. In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of repairing an LCD, including: forming a hole on a first or second substrate at a position corresponding to a defective pixel; and forming a pigment in the hole. In a further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of repairing an LCD, including: forming a hole on a first or second substrate at a position corresponding to a defective pixel; and inserting a wedge into the hole. In a still further another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an LCD including: a first substrate on which a pixel electrode and a TFT are formed in a pixel region formed in a matrix pattern; a second substrate on which a color filter layer and a black matrix are formed, the second substrate facing the first substrate; a hole formed on an outer surface of the first or second substrate to repair a defective pixel; and a repair pattern formed in the hole. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
|
['G02F113']
|
summary
|
11,756,908
|
[claim] 1. A method of collecting wound information, comprising: recording at least one surface wound subrecord into a first electronic record for a first subject human, wherein recording each of the at least one surface wound subrecords comprises drawing location information of a surface wound sustained by the first subject human onto computer-generated skin of a computer-generated 3D human model, and recording that location information to the associated surface wound subrecord; recording at least one injury subrecord into the first electronic record, wherein recording each of the at least one injury subrecords comprises recording information concerning an injury sustained by the first subject human; and recording in the first electronic record a relationship between at least one of the surface wound subrecords and at least one of the injury subrecords. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to drawing the location information, recording into the first electronic record at least one body characteristic for the first subject human, wherein at least one characteristic of the 3D human model is based on the recorded at least one body characteristic, and wherein the at least one body characteristic comprises at least one of height, weight, gender, and body type. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising recording into at least one of the surface wound subrecords tactical data relating to a circumstance under which the associated surface wound was sustained. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein drawing the location information comprises drawing a size, shape, and location of the surface wound on the computer-generated skin of the computer-generated 3D human model. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the location information includes 3D vector information of an entry or exit direction associated with the surface wound. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to drawing the location information, orienting the computer-generated 3D human model so as to display a portion of the model associated with a location of the surface wound. 7. The method of 1, wherein: the 3D human model comprises internal anatomical landmarks; and drawing the location information comprises selectively changing a transparency of the skin to facilitate location of the surface wound relative to at least one of the internal landmarks. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the internal landmarks comprise at least one of skeletal landmarks and internal organ landmarks. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein a database includes the first electronic record and a plurality of additional electronic records for a plurality of additional subject humans, wherein each of said plurality of additional records includes at least one associated surface wound subrecord and at least one injury subrecord. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising statistically analyzing the first and additional electronic records. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising aggregating the first and additional records to identify wound density as a function of skin location. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising correlating the first electronic database record to a 3D medical image of the first human. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a 3D medical image of the first human and the drawn wound information in a superimposed view. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising analyzing an injury shown in the 3D medical image in view of the drawn location information. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein drawing the location information comprises using a superimposed 3D medical image of the first human to locate the surface wound on the model. 16. The method of claim 1, further comprising examining the actual first subject human contemporaneously to drawing the location information. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein recording at least one surface wound subrecord comprises recording at least two surface wound subrecords. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein recording each of the at least one surface wound subrecords comprises entering additional information about the drawn surface wound, including at least one of: a severity of the surface wound, a wound type for the surface wound, wound entry information, wound exit information, wound path information, wound depth, amputation category of the surface wound, tourniquet status, notes relating to the surface wound, an identification of the first human, time of injury causing the surface wound, date of injury causing the surface wound, gender of the first human, height of the first human, weight of the first human, and body type of the first human. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising: recording at least one personal protective equipment subrecord into the first electronic record, each of the at least one personal protective equipment subrecords comprising information relating to personal protective equipment used by the first subject human when the first subject human was wounded, wherein recording each of the at least one personal protective equipment subrecords comprises drawing damage location information relating to damage sustained by the personal protective equipment onto a computer-generated representation of the personal protective equipment. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising recording in the first electronic record a relationship between at least one of the surface wound subrecords and at least one of the personal protective equipment subrecords. 21. A method of collecting wound information, comprising: drawing location information of a surface wound of a subject human onto computer-generated skin of a computer-generated 3D human model, the location information including 3D vector information of an entry or exit direction associated with the surface wound; and recording the location information into an electronic record of a database. 22. A surface wound data entry system comprising: a graphical user interface; a virtual 3D human model illustrated in the graphical user interface, the model comprising computer-generated skin; a tool for drawing location information of a first surface wound of a first subject human onto the skin; a tool for associating information relating the first surface wound to a first injury to the first subject human; and a memory for storing the drawn location information and associated injury information in a first electronic record. 23. The system
|
['G06F3048' 'G06F1730']
|
claim
|
11,347,562
|
Solvent/polymer solutions as suspension vehicles [SEP] [abstract] A nonaqueous, single-phase vehicle that is capable of suspending an active agent. The nonaqueous, single-phase vehicle includes at least one solvent and at least one polymer and is formulated to exhibit phase separation upon contact with an aqueous environment. The at least one solvent may be selected from the group consisting of benzyl benzoate, decanol, ethyl hexyl lactate, and mixtures thereof and the at least one polymer may be selected from the group consisting of a polyester, pyrrolidone, ester of an unsaturated alcohol, ether of an unsaturated alcohol, polyoxyethylenepolyoxypropylene block copolymer, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the at least one solvent is benzyl benzoate and the at least one polymer is polyvinylpyrrolidone. A stable, nonaqueous suspension formulation that includes the nonaqueous, single-phase vehicle and an active agent, and a method of forming the same, are also disclosed.
|
['A61K3819' 'A61K3822' 'A61K3848' 'A61K914']
|
abstract
|
11,417,474
|
[description] Further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing showing an illustrative embodiment of the invention, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control and management system for use in an automobile in accordance with the invention; FIG. 2 illustrates a master control interface in the system of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 illustrates an automobile control subsystem in the system of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 illustrates a screen containing engine related options appearing on a display in the interface of FIG. 2; FIG. 5 is a flow chart depicting the steps of a drivetrain routine in the system of FIG. 1; FIG. 6 illustrates a navigation screen on the display including weather and traffic indicators in accordance with the invention; FIG. 7 illustrates another screen on the display including weather and traffic information in accordance with the invention; FIG. 8 illustrates yet another screen on the display for automatic driving in accordance with the invention; FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting the steps of an automatic parking routine in accordance with the invention; FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an integrated circuit (IC) card for gaining access to a vehicle in accordance with the invention; FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a transmitter for coupling to the IC card of FIG. 10; FIG. 12 illustrates multiple screens on the display when the interface of FIG. 2 is put in a split screen mode; FIG. 13 is a display screen for adjusting windows and mirrors, and opening/closing doors of the vehicle in accordance with the invention; FIG. 14 is a display screen for, among other things, adjusting wipers in the vehicle in accordance with the invention; FIG. 15 is a display screen including a user's view of the vehicle for controlling and accessing information concerning different components in the vehicle in accordance with the invention; FIG. 16 is a display screen for adjusting seats and vents in the vehicle in accordance with the invention; FIG. 17 is a block diagram of an accessory control subsystem in the system of FIG. 1; and FIG. 18 is a display screen for adjusting audio and radio facilities in the vehicle in accordance with the invention. Throughout this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, like elements, components and sections in the figures are denoted by the same numerals.
|
['G06F1700']
|
detailed_description
|
11,436,260
|
[description] EMBODIMENT(S) A programmable impedance control circuit calibrated at the voltage Voh, Vol level is disclosed. Numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be understood, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced with other specific details. A new programmable impedance control circuit is provided that calibrates an output driver impedance at the voltage Voh, Vol level instead of at one point at fifty percent (50%) of the voltage Vddq. For a terminated input/output (I/O) interface, driver characteristics at the voltage Voh, Vol level are much more important than at the midpoint of the voltage Vddq. The new design provides an efficient way to calibrate output driver impedance to achieve accurate driver impedance under different process, voltage and temperature (PVT) conditions. For a terminated I/O interface, the output level does not stay at the voltage level Vddq/Ground, but rather at approximately eighty percent (80%) of the voltage Vddq and approximately 20 percent (20%) of the voltage Vddq, depending on the ratio of impedance between the driver and the termination. Output driver impedance at fifty percent (50%) of the voltage Vddq has more effect on the data transition between a High voltage and a Low voltage. However, impedance at the voltage Voh, Vol level represents the source termination impedance, which should match the transmission line impedance to minimize reflection. From the linearity point of view, it would be more accurate to calibrate impedance at two points close to the voltage Voh, Vol level, rather than just calibrate at one single midpoint of the voltage Vddq. Thus, a carefully selected combination of
|
['H03K19003']
|
detailed_description
|
11,257,691
|
[claim] 1. A brake booster apparatus, said apparatus comprising: a housing, said housing having a first wall and an oppositely disposed second wall, said housing further defining at least one chamber disposed between said first and second walls; a first connector disposed on said first wall; a second connector disposed on said second wall; an elongate hollow member, said hollow member being engaged with each of said first and second connectors, said engagements between said hollow member and said first and second connectors each being a deformational engagement that mechanically attaches and sealingly engages said hollow member with each of said first and second connectors; said hollow member further defining a passage through said apparatus from said first wall to said second wall. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second connectors have a substantially common interface configuration for engaging said hollow member, said elongate hollow member having a first end portion and an opposite second end portion, said hollow member being deformationally engaged with said common interface configuration of said first connector at said first end portion and deformationally engaged with said common interface configuration of said second connector at said second end portion, said first and second end portions having substantially similar configurations whereby said hollow member is non-directionally installable in said apparatus. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hollow member is load bearingly engaged with each of said first and second connectors at said deformational engagements between said hollow member and said first and second connectors and wherein, when said apparatus is in a non-operating condition, said hollow member transfers a tensile load between said first and second connectors. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second walls are each formed of sheet metal and said first and second connectors are deformationally engaged with said first and second walls respectively, said deformational engagement of said first and second connectors with said first and second walls mechanically attaching and sealingly engaging said first and second connectors with said first and second wall respectively and wherein said respective deformational engagement of said first and second connectors with said first and second walls and said deformational engagement of said hollow member with said first and second connectors provides the sole means for mechanical attaching and sealing said hollow member with respect to said first and second walls. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hollow member defines a longitudinal axis and opposing axial end surfaces; said first and second connectors each define a radially inwardly opening annular recess and include an abutment surface disposed proximate said annular recess and longitudinally outwardly of said annular recess; and wherein said opposing axial end surfaces of said hollow member are engaged with said abutment surfaces and said hollow member includes first and second deformed portions disposed proximate a respective one of said axial end surfaces wherein each of said first and second deformed portions project radially outwardly from said longitudinal axis into a respective one of said annular recesses and form therein a mechanical attachment and seal with said first and second connectors. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hollow member has opposing ends and defines a longitudinal axis and first and second radially outwardly opening annular recesses, said first and second annular recesses each disposed proximate a respective one of said opposing ends of said hollow member, said hollow member further comprising longitudinally outwardly facing first and second abutment surfaces disposed proximate and longitudinally inwardly of said first and second annular recesses respectively; and each of said first and second connectors having a longitudinally inwardly projecting portion engaged with said first and second abutment surfaces respectively, said longitudinally inwardly projecting portions being deformed radially outwardly into said first and second annular recesses respectively and forming therein a mechanical attachment and seal between said first and second connectors and said hollow member. 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said hollow member includes at least one end extending through a respective one of said first and second connectors and projecting longitudinally outwardly from said housing. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said at least one end has a threaded surface. 9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said hollow member has a first radially inwardly extending annular rib disposed proximate said first annular recess and a second radially inwardly extending annular rib disposed proximate said second annular recess. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said hollow member includes first and second opposing ends defining first and second axial end surfaces respectively, said hollow member further defining a longitudinal axis; and said first and second connectors each defining a radially inwardly opening annular recess, said hollow member extending through each of said first and second connectors wherein said first and second opposing ends extend longitudinally outwardly from said housing through said first and second connectors respectively, said hollow member having first and second deformed portions respectively spaced longitudinally inwardly of said first and second axial end surfaces and projecting radially outwardly into a respective one of said annular recesses of said first and second connectors to thereby mechanically secure said hollow member to said first and second connectors and form a seal therebetween. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said first and second connectors each define cylindrical passages longitudinally inwardly and longitudinally outwardly of said annular recess, each of said cylindrical passages defined by said first and second connectors defining an inner diameter having a substantially common value; said common value being greater than a maximum outer diameter defined by non-deformed portions of said hollow member. 12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein at least one of said first and second ends of said hollow member projecting longitudinally outwardly of said housing has a threaded surface. 13. A method of manufacturing a brake booster, said method comprising: providing a first housing section having a first connector disposed thereon; providing a second housing section having a second connector disposed thereon; joining the
|
['F16J1000']
|
claim
|
11,586,265
|
[claim] 1. An input apparatus for a portable terminal, comprising: a display unit, having a plurality of pixels; an optical sensing unit for forming a grid of optical signals in a predetermined area corresponding to the pixels of the display unit and producing location information of a pointer in the grid of optical signals; a coordinate converter for converting the location information of the pointer into coordinate information in the display unit and computing a location of a cursor in the display unit on the basis of the coordinate information; and a controller for controlling display of the cursor at the computed location in the display unit. 2. The input apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the optical sensing unit includes a plurality of optical sensors each having a signal emitting part for emitting an optical signal and a signal receiving part for receiving the emitted optical signal; the optical signals from a portion of the signal emitting parts forming 90 degree angles with the optical signals from the remaining signal emitting parts; and each of the signal receiving parts is installed facing a corresponding signal emitting part so as to receive an optical signal from the corresponding signal emitting part. 3. The input apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a sensor information storage for storing operation control information of the optical sensors to operate the optical sensors according to an input mode of the input apparatus. 4. The input apparatus of claim 3, wherein the sensor information storage operates the optical sensors to form a grid of optical signals corresponding to the pixels of the display unit when the input mode of the input apparatus is a cursor input mode. 5. The input apparatus of claim 3, wherein the sensor information storage operates the optical sensors to form a grid of optical signals corresponding to a soft keypad displayed on the display unit when the input mode of the input apparatus is a key input mode. 6. The input apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller displays a cursor wait screen on the display unit and changes a color of a pixel corresponding to the location of the cursor when an input mode of the input apparatus is a cursor input mode. 7. The input apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller displays a soft keypad for key input on the display unit when an input mode of the input apparatus is a key input mode. 8. An input method for an input apparatus, the input apparatus having an optical sensing unit for forming a grid of optical signals in a predetermined area corresponding to pixels of a display unit and for producing location information of a pointer in the grid of optical signals, the input method comprising the steps of: a) identifying an operation mode of the input apparatus; b) if the operation mode is a key input mode, operating optical sensors for key recognition; c) displaying a soft keypad on the display unit; d) identifying an input location in response to a user input signal; e) finding a key value corresponding to the identified input location; and f) processing the found key value. 9. The input method of claim 8, wherein step b) includes operating the optical sensors of the optical sensing unit so as to form a grid of optical signals corresponding to the soft keypad. 10. The input method of claim 8, wherein step f) includes, in a numerical input operation of the input apparatus, displaying the key value on the display unit. 11. The input method of claim 8, wherein step f) further includes, in an icon selection operation of the input apparatus, performing a function related with a selected icon. 12. The input method of claim 8, further comprising, if the operation mode is a cursor input mode, the steps of: g) operating the optical sensors for cursor recognition; h) displaying a cursor wait screen on the display unit; i) identifying an input location in response to a user input signal; j) computing coordinate values corresponding to the identified input location and finding a pixel corresponding to the coordinate values; and k) changing a color of the found pixel. 13. The input method of claim 12, wherein step g) includes operating the optical sensors of the optical sensing unit so as to form the grid of optical signals corresponding to the pixels of the display unit. 14. A portable terminal comprising: a main body; a sub-body being slidably movable on the main body; and an input apparatus including a display unit installed on the main body, a hot-key input section installed on the main body, and an optical sensing unit, the optical sensing unit having a plurality of optical sensors installed in an optical emitting section and an optical receiving section. 15. The portable terminal of claim 14, wherein the sub-body is configured to enclose three sides of the main body, and is slidable along two opposite sides of the three sides. 16. The portable terminal of claim 15, wherein the sub-body includes the optical emitting section for emitting optical signals such that the optical signals define a grid of optical signals over a predetermined area defined by three inner sides of the sub-body and an outer side of the main body. 17. The portable terminal of claim 15, wherein the optical emitting section includes signal emitting parts of the optical sensors installed along two adjacent inner sides of the sub-body, the signal emitting parts emitting optical signals in response to a control signal of the portable terminal triggered by movement of the sub-body such that the optical signals from the signal emitting parts installed in one of the adjacent inner sides of the sub-body form 90 degree angles with the optical signals from the signal emitting parts installed in the other inner side. 18. The portable terminal of claim 16, further comprising: a coordinate converter for converting location information of a pointer in the grid of optical signals into coordinate information in the display
|
['G09G500']
|
claim
|
11,854,114
|
CATHODIC PROTECTION [SEP] [abstract] Cathodic protection of a structure including a steel member at least partly buried in a covering layer, such as steel rebar in a concrete structure, is provided by embedding sacrificial anodes into the concrete layer at spaced positions over the layer and connecting the anodes to the rebar. The anode body is formed, by pressing together finely divided powder, flakes or fibers of a sacrificial anode material such as zinc to define a porous body having pores therein. The sacrificial anode material of the anode member is directly in contact with the covering material by being buried or inserted as a tight fit into a drilled hole so that any expansion forces therefrom would be applied to the concrete with the potential of causing cracking. The pores are arranged however such that corrosion products from corrosion of the anode body are received into the pores sufficiently to prevent expansion of the anode body to an extent which would cause cracking of the covering material.
|
['C23F1300' 'C25B1100']
|
abstract
|
11,423,472
|
[summary] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a system of managing emails comprising: a plurality of email boxes with corresponding email addresses; a first selector for selecting, in one email box, an email that has been sent to at least one addressee; a second selector for selecting an incorrect email address in the sent email corresponding to an incorrect addressee; and a change service for changing, in the sent email or corresponding sent email, the incorrect address to a correct address. In an alternate client server embodiment the change service is a change executable for changing, in the sent email or corresponding sent email, the incorrect address to the correct address. In one embodiment, a distributor may make available the change service to at least one recipient email box, whereon execution of the change service, the incorrect address in a corresponding sent email is changed to the correct email address. Therefore in this embodiment the distributor allows all other mail box access to the one service. In an alternate embodiment the distributor may make available the change executable by sending an executable embedded in an email from the one email box to at least one another email box on a client; the at least one executable is normally for execution on selection by the recipient but could also execute once received. The system advantageously comprises a third selector for selecting, on execution of the change service, a correct email address. Alternatively, the correct email address is selected before the change service in instantiated. More advantageously the system further comprises permission means for requesting permission from the recipient email client before executing the change service. Alternatively, the change service may execute without permission on receipt at the recipient email client. The system may further comprise sending a monitor service to the recipient email client with the change service, on execution of the monitor service, checking for the incorrect addressee in email on the recipient email client and, on detection of the incorrect addressee, initiating the change executable. The monitor executable executes on receipt by default but can be switched on or off. According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of managing an email system comprising a plurality of email boxes with corresponding email addresses; selecting, in one email box, an email that has been sent to at least one addressee; selecting an incorrect email address in the sent email corresponding to an incorrect addressee; and providing a change service for changing, in the sent email or one or more corresponding sent emails, the incorrect address to a correct address.
|
['G06F1516']
|
summary
|
12,131,215
|
Method and Apparatus for Creation of an Interface for Constructing Conversational Policies [SEP] [abstract] A method and apparatus for taking a visual or verbal representation of a conversational policy and translating the representation into an XML file. The XML file can then be output in one or more formats, such as code used in a policy, a Word version of the XML file, or a visual representation of the XML file.
|
['G06F944']
|
abstract
|
11,144,572
|
[invention] The present invention relates to an earphone antenna for portable radio equipment which is put on a human body during use, and to portable radio equipment provided with this earphone antenna. Conventionally, in portable radio equipment to be carried on a human body during use, such as a pager, a radio receiver, an LCD television receiver and the like, a rod antenna or an earphone antenna which utilizes a signal wire for transmitting audio signals to earphones is used as an antenna. For example, such an earphone antenna is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2003-163529. In the portable radio equipment which uses a rod antenna and/or an earphone antenna, when put on a human body for use, there has been a problem that because of a significant deterioration of antenna performance when put on the human body, such as in television broadcasts where signals with a large amount of information, e.g., video signals, are processed, a sufficient reception sensitivity cannot be obtained. In particular, the earphone antenna which utilizes the signal wire for transmitting audio signals to the earphones as an antenna has had a problem that because the earphone and/or the signal wire make direct contact with the human body, the human body has caused a significant influence on the radio equipment via the antenna to substantially deteriorate the stability of reception. Further, in television broadcasts in Japan, for example, VHF bands from 90 to 108 MHz (1-3 channels), and from 170 to 222 MHz (4-12 channels), as well as the UHF band from 470 to 770 MHz (13-62 channels) are used. Therefore, an LCD television receiver for receiving television broadcasts is required to receive high frequency signals in an extremely wide band range from 90 to 770 MHz. Accordingly, with a conventional rod antenna or earphone antenna, the performance of which is inferior to a fixed-type antenna, it has been extremely difficult to secure a sufficient sensitivity in the required frequency band range. Still further, because the rod antenna and the earphone antenna are monopole antennas which resonate at λ/4, their reception sensitivity is greatly influenced by the ground size of the portable radio terminal, thereby limiting the design of the portable radio equipment.
|
['H04M100']
|
background
|
11,280,072
|
[summary] In one embodiment, a lens system includes a first stage to create a distorted intermediate image and a second, wide angle lens stage that causes distortion to substantially cancel the distortion of the intermediate image and to project a substantially non-distorted image corresponding to the intermediate image.
|
['G02B2718']
|
summary
|
12,276,649
|
[claim] 1. A method for estimating a channel, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of tiles, each of the plurality of tiles having a plurality of data symbols and a plurality of pilot symbols; and estimating the channel based on the plurality of pilot signals in the plurality of tiles. 2. A method of wireless communication, comprising: transmitting a first group of data symbols; and transmitting a first group of pilot symbols, wherein said first group of data symbols and said first group of pilot symbols are located in a first hop region. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said first group of data symbols is for a specific terminal. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said first group of data symbols is for a plurality of terminals. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing N hop regions, said N hop regions including said first hop region, N being a positive integer; and transmitting a second group of data symbols and a second group of pilot symbols, said second group of data symbols and said second group of pilot symbols being located in one of said N hop regions. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein said N hop regions does not span an entire system bandwidth. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein said N hop regions span an entire system bandwidth. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising transmitting pilot symbols in M hop regions, M being a positive integer not greater than said N. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising a transmitter operable to transmit a first group of data symbols and a first group of pilot symbols, wherein said first group of data symbols and said first group of pilot symbols are located in a first hop region. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said transmitter is operable to hop over N hop regions including said first hop region, N being a positive integer; and transmit a second group of data symbols and a second group of pilot symbols, said second group of data symbols and said second group of pilot symbols being located in one of said N hop regions. 11. A method of wireless communication, comprising: receiving a first group of data symbols and a first group of pilot symbols, said first group of data symbols and said first group of pilot symbols being located in a first hop region; and performing channel estimation based on said first group of pilot symbols. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least part of said first group of data symbols is for a terminal, and said channel estimation is performed for said terminal. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising: receiving a second group of data symbols and a second group of pilot symbols, said second group of data symbols and said second group of pilot symbols being located in a second hop region; and performing channel estimation based on said first group of pilot symbols and said second group of pilot symbols. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein at least part of said first group of data symbols is for a terminal, at least part of said second group of data symbols is for said terminal, and said channel estimation is performed for said terminal. 15. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for transmitting a first group of data symbols; and means for transmitting a first group of pilot symbols, wherein said first group of data symbols and said first group of pilot symbols are located in a first hop region. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: means for providing N hop regions, said N hop regions including said first hop region, N being a positive integer; and means for transmitting a second group of data symbols and a second group of pilot symbols, said second group of data symbols and said second group of pilot symbols being located in one of said N hop regions. 17. A computer-readable medium comprising: code for generating a first group of data symbols; and code for transmitting a first group of pilot symbols, wherein said first group of data symbols and said first group of pilot symbols are located in a first hop region. 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising: code for hopping over N hop regions, said N hop regions including said first hop region, N being a positive integer; and code for transmitting a second group of data symbols and a second group of pilot symbols, said second group of data symbols and said second group of pilot symbols being located in one of said N hop regions.
|
['H04L2728' 'H04J1100']
|
claim
|
11,941,967
|
[invention] Nearly all kiosks and interactive systems installed in retail stores suffer from the problem of not being able to attract users to use them. Most kiosks and interactive systems rely on graphics printed on the external enclosure, or repetitive loops of computer graphics or videos displayed on their screens to attract users. However, the customer acquisition rate is typically low. Such low usage may be acceptable if the kiosk is used only to enhance shopper experience, but it is not acceptable if this kiosk is designed for advertising. A conventional method to improve the customer acquisition rate is to attract attention via audio, such as a voice greeting. However, the very reason of attracting attention (in particular, voice greeting) is the same reason that alienates or even upsets the customer. The challenge of such a system is striking a subtle balance between (1) optimally attracting as many customers to use it (which will increase the frequency/volume of greetings) and (2) not to upset/annoy the customers or store employees who are standing near the kiosk. For example, one design may require the kiosk to continue broadcasting the greeting on a set frequency (e.g., every 15 seconds), while another to greet every time a motion is detected (e.g., when a motion detector is “ON”). The former will hit and miss, and surely annoy the customers who are standing nearby. The latter will continue to blast voice greetings if a customer is standing in the range of a motion detector even if not interested in the kiosk. Either process will guarantee the failure because of customer complaints. Worse yet, it will upset a store employee who may be present (e.g., on an aisle performing tasks such as restocking). It is frequently seen that the kiosk is “silenced” by a store employee either by being unplugged or shut down completely. However, simply reducing the frequency/volume or skipping the greeting upon detecting motion will surely reduce the customer acquisition rate. Accordingly, a new system and method are needed to increase customer acquisition without annoying store employees and/or lingering customers.
|
['G08B2100']
|
background
|
11,270,111
|
[description] FIG. 1 a diagrammatic longitudinal section through a first embodiment of the vehicle brake according to the invention; FIG. 2 a diagrammatic longitudinal section through a second embodiment of the vehicle brake according to the invention; FIG. 3 a diagrammatic longitudinal section through a third embodiment of the vehicle brake according to the invention; FIG. 4 a detail plan view according to arrow IV of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 a diagrammatic longitudinal section through a fourth embodiment of the vehicle brake according to the invention; FIG. 6 a section orthogonal to the axis along the cutting line VI of FIG. 5; FIG. 7 a section orthogonal to the axis along the cutting line VII of FIG. 5; FIG. 8 a detail view of a latching arrangement for the vehicle brake according to the invention; FIG. 9 a detail view of an alternative latching arrangement for the vehicle brake according to the invention and FIG. 10 a diagrammatic representation of the pressure characteristic and the clamping force characteristic in the vehicle brake according to FIGS. 2 to 9.
|
['B60T106']
|
detailed_description
|
12,007,703
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to image forming methods and image forming apparatuses. 2. Description of the Related Art An image forming apparatus having the following structure and mechanism is known. That is, toner images, as developer images, each formed on a photosensitive body (image carrier), are sequentially overlapped (superposed) on an endless belt intermediate transfer body at multiple times for primary transferring. Multicolor toner images formed by stacking the toner images on the intermediate transfer body undergo secondary transfer to a transfer member (for example, a transfer paper). In such an image forming apparatus, timing when the toner images transferred onto a surface of the intermediate transfer body reach a secondary transferring position where the toner images undergo secondary transfer is matched with timing when the transfer member is conveyed to the secondary transferring position, so that secondary transferring can be achieved by matching a head end of the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer body with a head end of the transfer member. The timing when the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body reaches the secondary transferring position can be calculated based on a set value of the perimeter length of the intermediate transfer body. However, the perimeter length of the intermediate transfer body may be changed based on change of environment such as temperature change or humidity change or degradation with time. If the perimeter length of the intermediate transfer body is changed so as to shift from the set value, an error may be generated between the timing when the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body reaches the secondary transferring position and the timing when the transfer member is conveyed to the secondary transferring position. This may cause a mismatch of the head end of the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer body with the head end of the transfer member. Especially, when an endless belt flexible member made of a material such as synthetic resin or rubber is used as the intermediate transfer body, such a material may be expanded with time due to creep phenomenon. In addition, an error between both timings may become large because expansion and contraction of the material based on the environmental change is large. In the related art, a technique is suggested where a toner image transferred to an intermediate transfer belt is detected twice by a sensor while the intermediate transfer belt makes a round (one rotation); the variation of the perimeter length of the intermediate transfer belt is determined from the time interval of a detection signal; and a timing for conveying the transfer member to a secondary transfer position is changed according to the variation of the perimeter length of the intermediate transfer belt. See, for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2001-215857. However, in the technique discussed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2001-215857, it is necessary to make the intermediate transfer belt go around at least one time in order for the sensor to detect twice the toner image transferred to the intermediate transfer belt. Accordingly, the following problems may occur. First, since image forming cannot be performed while the intermediate transfer belt makes a round, a time for image forming becomes long so that the productivity may be degraded. In addition, before the toner image reaches a primary transfer position, it is necessary to remove toner remaining on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt after the previous secondary transfer. However, if the intermediate transfer belt makes a round while the toner image remains on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for switching between removing or not removing the residual toner. This may cause an increase in cost and make the size of the apparatus large.
|
['G03G1501']
|
background
|
11,705,572
|
[claim] 1. An apparatus for transmitting broadcast data in a digital broadcasting service system, the apparatus comprising: a server terminal for receiving a digital broadcast transport stream from a digital broadcast service provider, removing a header used for the digital broadcast reception from the received broadcast stream, and transmitting a stream of broadcast data from which the header has been removed; and at least one client terminal for accessing the server terminal through an Internet Protocol (IP) network, and receiving and outputting the stream of broadcast data from which the header has been removed. 2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the server terminal creates a digital broadcast service information web page by receiving digital broadcast information about the digital broadcast service, and provides data of the digital broadcast service information web page to the client terminal when the client terminal accesses the server terminal. 3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the digital broadcast information includes Electric Service Guide (ESG) information or Electric Program Guide (EPG) information. 4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the digital broadcast service information web page comprises a channel name, running status, channel time, and broadcast program information about the digital broadcast service. 5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the client terminal receives and outputs the digital broadcast service information web page data, and the client terminal receives specific digital broadcast data from the server terminal and outputs the specific digital broadcast data when a service for the specific digital broadcast is selected by the user. 6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein, when a digital broadcast service is changed by the user during output of the selected digital broadcast data, the client terminal receives a changed digital broadcast service from the server terminal and outputs the changed digital broadcast service. 7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein, in response to a request for a digital broadcast service change from said at least one client terminal, the server terminal changes each digital broadcast reception frequency to a digital broadcast service reception frequency corresponding to the request, and receives a corresponding digital broadcast through the changed digital broadcast service reception frequency. 8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein, when the number of channel change requests received from said at least one client terminal is greater than or equal to a threshold, the server terminal transmits a service unavailability message to a client terminal which has transmitted a corresponding request. 9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the header used for digital broadcast reception includes a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) used for audio and video data synchronization. 10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the server terminal stores the broadcast data, from which the header has been removed, in a file type, and transmits a stream of the stored file type broadcast data. 11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the file type includes an MPEG4 file type. 12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the digital broadcast service information web page is created based on a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) standard. 13. A method for transmitting broadcast data in a digital broadcasting service system, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, by a server terminal, a digital broadcast transport stream from a digital broadcast service provider; removing a header used for the digital broadcast reception from the received broadcast stream; and transmitting a stream of broadcast data, from which the header has been removed, to at least one client terminal. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: accessing, by said at least one client terminal, the server terminal through an Internet Protocol (IP) network; and receiving and outputting the stream of broadcast data from which the header has been removed. 15. The method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: receiving, by the server terminal, digital broadcast information about a digital broadcast service; creating a digital broadcast service information web page by using the received digital broadcast information; and providing data of the digital broadcast service information web page to the client terminal when the client terminal accesses the server terminal. 16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the digital broadcast information includes Electric Service Guide (ESG) information or Electric Program Guide (EPG) information. 17. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the digital broadcast service information web page comprises a channel name, running status, channel time, and broadcast program information about the digital broadcast service. 18. The method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: receiving a digital broadcast service change request from said at least one client terminal; changing each digital broadcast reception frequency to a digital broadcast service reception frequency corresponding to the request in response to the digital broadcast service change request; receiving a digital broadcast stream corresponding to the changed digital broadcast service reception frequency, and removing a header used for the digital broadcast reception from the received broadcast stream; and transmitting a stream of broadcast data, from which the header has been removed, to said at least one client terminal which has requested the digital broadcast service change. 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, further comprising transmitting a service unavailability message to a client terminal which has transmitted a corresponding request, when the number of channel change requests received from said at least one client terminal is greater than or equal to a threshold. 20. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the header used for digital broadcast reception includes a Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) used for audio and video data synchronization. 21. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the step of transmitting the broadcast data from which the header has been removed comprises: storing the broadcast data, from which the header has been removed, in a file type; and transmitting a stream of the stored file type broadcast data. 22. The method as claimed in
|
['G06F1516' 'H04L1256']
|
claim
|
11,380,745
|
[summary] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a switching device which generates no level difference between fixed contacts and never causes the problem of defective contact due to such level difference, in such a switch structure that a conductor is buried in an insulator to expose partially and this exposed portion is used as the fixed contact. In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides the following arrangement. (1) A switching device comprising: an insulator including a recess portion; and a pair of conductors including flat fixed contacts connectable with a movable contact, respectively, wherein the flat fixed contacts are buried in the insulator and the fixed contacts are exposed partially from the recess portion. (2) The switching device according to (1), wherein the pair of conductors extend parallel to each other. (3) The switching device according to (1), wherein the movable contact is adapted to bridge the fixed contacts. (4) The switching device according to (3) further comprising a sheet including a protruded portion which is movable relative to the fixed contacts and to which the movable contact is fixed. (5) The switching device according to (1), wherein the conductors include terminals projected from the insulator to be connected to a mate connector, respectively. According to the above arrangement, the conductor is shaped into a flat shape and a part of the conductors is exposed from the recess portion formed in a part of an insulator respectively to constitute the fixed contacts. Therefore, there is no need to bend the conductor and thus a bending error is not caused. As a result, no level difference can be generated between fixed contacts and the problem of defective contact due to such level difference can never be caused.
|
['H01H110']
|
summary
|
11,564,307
|
[description] Referring now to FIGS. 1A and 1B, it will there be seen that the preferred embodiment is denoted as a whole by the reference numeral 10. Cushion 10 is formed of any suitable foam. The material is preferably buoyant so that it will float if dropped into a body of water. The material must be resilient so that it quickly returns to its original shape when an external force is removed from it. Cushion 10 has a top 12, a middle 13, and a bottom 14 that are integrally formed with one another. Top wall 16 is rounded as is bottom wall 18. Top 12 has a width less than a width of middle 13 and the width of the middle section is greater than the width of bottom 14. The general shape of cushion 10 is irregular but somewhat oval, being widest at its mid-section as aforesaid and having a length greater than its widest part. Throughbore 20 is formed in bottom part 14 and extends the entire length of cushion 10 as best understood by comparing FIGS. 1A and 1B. The diameter of throughbore 20 is slightly less than a diameter of a proximal end of a fishing rod, also known as the butt end, so that said proximal end fits snugly into said throughbore when cushion 10 is slidingly positioned onto said proximal end from the distal end. Significantly, throughbore 20 is positioned in close proximity to bottom wall 18 of cushion 10. In this way, almost all of the cushioning material is positioned between the proximal end of the rod and the under arm of a user, thereby maximizing the cushioning power of the cushioning material. A shallow cut forming a shallow trough, not depicted, could be made in the perimeter of throughbore 20 to enable radial expansion of the throughbore so that said throughbore may accommodate rods of larger diameters. Some expansion of throughbore 20 will occur even without such a cut. A second embodiment 10a is depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B. This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment with the exception that top wall 16a is saddle-shaped, much like the top end of a crutch, so that it fits perhaps more comfortably under the arm of the user. FIG. 3 depicts the novel cushion in use. It is positioned under the arm of a fisherman, with the top wall 16 abutting the underarm area of the user. The ergonomic shape of cushion 10 or 10a fits the contour of the user's underarm so that the cushion may be used for long periods of time with complete comfort. The above-mentioned cylindrical cushion, in contrast, does not fit said contour and therefore restricts blood flow in the underarm area, greatly shortening the length of time it may be used. The user's arm may grow numb from lack of blood supply if said cylindrical cushion is used for the duration of a fight with a large fish. A third embodiment 10b is depicted in FIG. 4. This embodiment is provided in two parts. The first part is denoted 22 and has the same ergonomic shape as cushions 10 and 10a of the first and second embodiments, respectively, with the difference being that no bore 20 is formed therein and that bottom wall 18a forms a concavity to receive the proximal end of a fishing rod. Thus, first part 22 is a solid cushion. The second part is denoted 24 and is adapted to ensleeve first part 22 as well as the proximal end of a fishing rod 26. Second part 24 is formed of an elastic material so that it tightly secures first part 22 to said proximal end. The elastic material tightly wraps around first part 22 when the cushion is not attached to a fishing rod. When it is desired to attach said cushion to the proximal end of a rod, elastic material 24 is pulled outwardly away from the cushion and the proximal end of the rod is pushed into the opening between said material and said cushion. The result is a tight fit of the elastic material around the proximal end, thereby tightly securing the cushion to said proximal end. The third embodiment has the advantage of dedicating all of the cushioning material to the job of cushioning the user's underarm area from the violent upward movements of the proximal end of the fishing rod. All embodiments of the novel cushioning device enable the butt, i.e., proximal end of the fishing rod to be placed into a rod holder without removing the novel cushioning device. This alone represents a substantial advantage over the cushioning devices heretofore known. It will be seen that the advantages set forth above, and those made apparent from the foregoing description, are efficiently attained and since certain changes may be made in the above construction without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matters contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween. Now that the invention has been described,
|
['A01K9710' 'A01K9700']
|
detailed_description
|
12,420,610
|
[description] An example embodiment of the present invention and its potential advantages are understood by referring to FIGS. 1 through 10 of the drawings. In a unicast, broadcast or multicast transmission, scalable video coding (SVC) may be used to address a variety of receivers with different capabilities efficiently. An apparatus comprising a receiver for scalable video coding may be configured to process one or more sub-streams by subscribing to a sub-set of layers of the media stream in accordance with a configuration at the apparatus, for example depending on the capabilities of the apparatus. The capabilities may be a display resolution, a color bit depth, a maximum bit rate capability of a video processor, a total data processing capability reserved for media streaming, audio and video codecs installed, and the like. Handling one or more sub-streams of the media stream by receiving a sub-set of layers may also be considered based at least in part on a user requirement within the limits of the processing and rendering capabilities of the apparatus. For example, a user may indicate a low, medium or high video quality and a low, medium or high audio quality. Especially in battery powered apparatuses there may be a trade-off between streaming quality and battery drain or battery life. Therefore, a user may configure the apparatus to use a low video quality and a medium audio quality. In this way, an operation point is selected that allows battery usage of the apparatus for a longer time as compared to a high video and audio quality. Thus, the apparatus may receive a subset of the layers of the transmission required to provide the media stream to the user at the selected operation point. The apparatus may not receive other layers that are not required. In a transmission, SVC may be used to address the receiver capabilities by sending out the base layer and one or more enhancement layers depending on receiver capabilities and/or requirements of the targeted receivers. It may further be used to adapt the streaming rate to a varying channel capacity. In an example embodiment, a scalable media stream may be transmitted using a real time transport protocol (RTP). The real time transport protocol stream may carry the one or more layers of the scalable media stream. FIG. 1 shows a transmission system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. A service provider 102 provides a media stream. The media stream may be transmitted over the internet 110 by an internet provider 104 using a cable connection to apparatus 114, for example a media player, a home media system, a computer, and/or the like. The media stream may also be transmitted by a transmitting station 106 to an apparatus 116 using a unicast transmission 126. The unicast transmission 126 may be bidirectional. The unicast transmission may be a cellular transmission such as a global system for mobile communications (GSM) transmission, a digital advanced mobile phone system (D-AMPS) transmission, code division multiple access (CDMA) transmission, wideband-
|
['G06F1516' 'H04N712']
|
detailed_description
|
12,136,372
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of refining natural gas mined in a natural gas field or an oil field, and to a natural gas refining system. 2. Description of the Related Art Natural gas mined in a natural gas field or an oil field is generally cooled by liquefaction equipment and converted to liquefied natural gas (LNG). Natural gas generally contains methane as a main component of liquefied natural gas and also impurities such as hydrocarbons other than methane, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, and mercury. When natural gas is cooled and liquefied without removal of the impurities, the problems arise, for instance, that the impurities are solidified and liquefaction equipment (such as heat transfer equipment) is blocked, or that liquefied natural gas decreases in quality. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the impurities. Examples of a method of removing the impurities, especially carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide which solidify during the liquefaction process of liquefying natural gas, include a chemical absorption method or a physical adsorption method in which such impurities as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide are separated in the gas phase. For instance, JP-A-2005-515298 describes the method of separating natural gas to a solid phase and a liquid phase after adjusting a pressure and temperature of the natural gas so that methane contained in the natural gas is converted to the liquid phase and the impurities such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to the solid phase (namely, natural gas to a suspension liquid). In the conventional technique described in JP-A-2005-515298, natural gas is expanded by a Joule Thompson valve to adjust a pressure to a range from 150 to 250 psia (a range from 1.0 MPa to 1.7 MPa) and a temperature to a range from about −100 to about −125° C., and the expanded gas is supplied to a cryogenic tank. Further, liquefied natural gas in the sub-cool state is supplied to the cryogenic tank and the natural gas is cooled to −140° C. therein. With the operations described above, liquefied natural gas in the pressurized state is produced. Then the liquefied natural gas (suspension liquid) taken out from a lower side of the cryogenic tank is separated, for instance, with a cyclone, from a solid containing carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and the like.
|
['F25J300']
|
background
|
12,647,713
|
VIRTUALIZATION OF AUTHENTICATION TOKEN FOR SECURE APPLICATIONS [SEP] [abstract] Data and financial transactions are secured on a mobile electronics device, with three downloadable modules. A first module provides for the mobile electronics device and a network server to interactively register a cryptographic abstract of an object usually carried by the user. These objects represent physical passwords from which processing can derive characterizing information. A second module is invoked by a transaction and signals the mobile electronics device to collect a new sample of the physical password. A cryptographic abstract of it is distilled and compared to preregistered cryptographic abstracts. A third module is a key recovery process for use when the preregistered physical password sound or object is no longer available to the user.
|
['G06Q2000' 'H04L932']
|
abstract
|
11,225,549
|
[claim] 1. A water resistant thermal insulating material comprising: a) an underlying layer; and b) a thermally reflective coating disposed on the underlying layer, wherein either the underlying layer or coating is water resistant. 2. The material of claim 1, wherein the underlying layer is olefin. 3. The material of claim 1, wherein the thermally reflective coating is aluminum. 4. A method of making a desired article comprising: a) providing a water resistant thermally insulated material having: i) an underlying layer; and ii) a thermally reflective coating disposed on the underlying layer, wherein wither the underlying layer or coating is water resistant; and b) fashioning the material into the desired article. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the underlying layer comprises olefin. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the coating is aluminum. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the article is a poncho. 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the article is a hat. 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the article is a mitten or glove. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the article is a shirt. 11. The method of claim 4, wherein the article is a cover such as a sleeping bag cover, liner, bivy, or blanket. 12. A reversible article having a first and second face, the article comprising: a) a first face having an underlying material; and b) a second face having a thermally reflective coating disposed on the underlying material, wherein either the underlying material or coating is water resistant; and wherein the first face can be turned outwardly when thermal radiation is desired to be reflected inwardly, and wherein the first face can be turned outwardly when thermal radiation is desired to be reflected outwardly. 13. The article of claim 12, wherein the article is a poncho. 14. The article of claim 12, wherein the article is a hat. 15. The article of claim 12, wherein the article is a mitten. 16. The article of claim 12, wherein the article is a shirt. 17. The article of claim 12, wherein the article is a cover such as a sleeping bag cover, liner, bivy, or blanket.
|
['B32B502' 'B32B2704' 'B32B2712' 'B32B1514']
|
claim
|
11,752,378
|
Controlling Access to Digital Images Based on Device Proximity [SEP] [abstract] Embodiments of the invention provide techniques for controlling access to digital images based physical and temporal proximity to the image capture event. In one embodiment, an imaging device capturing a digital image broadcasts an invitation to wireless devices in the surrounding area. The wireless devices respond with an acceptance, including the email address (or some other network address) of the device owner. The digital image is made available at a network location with restricted access. Access to the image is controlled with an access list based on the acceptances received by the imaging device.
|
['G06F1516']
|
abstract
|
11,656,280
|
[description] FIGS. 1a and 1b show two slightly different variations, and views, of the cavitation device, sometimes known as a cavitation pump, or a cavitation regenerator, and sometimes referred to herein as an SPR, which we use in our invention to regenerate solutions comprising heavy brine components. FIGS. 1a and 1b are taken from FIGS. 1 and 2 of Griggs U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,090, which is incorporated herein by reference along with related US patents U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,385,298, 5,957,122, and 6,627,784. As explained in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,090 patent and elsewhere in the referenced patents, liquid is heated in the device without the use of a heat transfer surface, thus avoiding the usual scaling problems common to boilers and distillation apparatus. A housing 10 in FIGS. 1a and 1b encloses cylindrical rotor 11 leaving only a small clearance 12 around its curved surface and clearance 13 at the ends. The rotor 11 is mounted on a shaft 14 turned by motor 15. Cavities 17 are drilled or otherwise cut into the surface of rotor 11. As explained in the Griggs patents, other irregularities, such as shallow lips around the cavities 17, may be placed on the surface of the rotor 11. Some of the cavities 17 may be drilled at an angle other than perpendicular to the surface of rotor 11—for example, at a 15 degree angle. Liquid (fluid)—in the case of the present invention, a solution containing heavy brine components, or a used mud emulsion, or a used workover fluid, for example,—is introduced through port 16 under pressure and enters clearances 13 and 12. As the fluid passes from port 16 to clearance 13 to clearance 12 and out exit 18, areas of vacuum are generated and heat is generated within the fluid from its own turbulence, expansion and compression (shock waves). As explained at column 2 lines 61 et seq in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,090 patent, “(T)he depth, diameter and orientation of (the cavities) may be adjusted in dimension to optimize efficiency and effectiveness of (the cavitation device) for heating various fluids, and to optimize operation, efficiency, and effectiveness . . . with respect to particular fluid temperatures, pressures and flow rates, as they relate to rotational speed of (the rotor 11).” Smaller or larger clearances may be provided (col. 3, lines 9-14). Also the interior surface of the housing 10 may be smooth with no irregularities or may be serrated, feature holes or bores or other irregularities as desired to increase efficiency and effectiveness for particular fluids, flow rates and rotational speeds of the rotor 11. (col. 3, lines 23-29) Rotational velocity may be on the order of 5000 rpm (col 4 line 13). The diameter of the exhaust ports 18 may be varied also depending on the fluid treated. Pressure at entrance port 16 may be 75 psi, for example, and the temperature at exit port 18 may be 300° F. Thus the heavy brine components containing solution may be flashed or otherwise treated in the cavitation device to remove excess water as steam or water vapor. Note that the position of exit port 18 is somewhat different in FIGS. 1a and 1b; likewise the position of entrance port 16 differs in the two versions and may also be varied to achieve different effects in the flow pattern within the SPR. Another variation which can lend versatility to the SPR is to design the opposing surfaces of housing 10 and rotor 11 to be somewhat conical, and to provide a means for adjusting the position of the rotor within the housing so as to increase or decrease the width of the clearance 12. This can allow for different sizes of solids present in the fluid, to reduce the shearing effect if desired (by increasing the width of clearance 12), to vary the velocity of the rotor as a function of the fluid's viscosity, or for any other reason. Operation of the SPR (cavitation device) is as follows. A shearing stress is created in the solution as it passes into the narrow clearance 12 between the rotor 11 and the housing 10. This shearing stress causes an increase in temperature. The solution quickly encounters the cavities 17 in the rotor 11, and tends to fill the cavities, but the centrifugal force of the rotation tends to throw the liquid back out of the cavity, which creates a vacuum. The vacuum in the cavities 17 draws liquid back into them, and accordingly “shock waves” are formed as the cavities are constantly filled, emptied and filled again. Small bubbles, some of them microscopic, are formed and imploded. All of this stress on the liquid generates heat which increases the temperature of the liquid dramatically. The design of the SPR ensures that, since the bubble collapse and most of the other stress takes place in the cavities, little or no erosion of the working surfaces of the rotor 11 takes place, and virtually all of the heat generated remains within the liquid. Temperatures within the cavitation device—of the rotor 11, the housing 10, and the fluid within the clearance spaces 12 between the rotor and the housing—remain substantially constant after the process is begun and while the feed rate and other variables are maintained at the desired values. There is no outside heat source; it is the mechanical energy of the spinning rotor—to some extent friction, as well as the above described cavitation effect—that is converted to heat taken up by the solution and soon removed along with the solution when it is passes through exit 18. The rotor and housing indeed tend to be lower in temperature than the liquid in clearances 12 and 13. There is little danger of scale formation even with high concentrations of heavy brine components in the solution being processed. Any solids present in the solution, having dimensions small enough to pass through the clearances 12 and 13 may pass through the SPR unchanged. This may be taken into account when using
|
['E21B4340' 'E21B2106' 'B01D1706' 'B01D3518']
|
detailed_description
|
11,224,572
|
[description] FIG. 1 shows an agricultural field sprayer 10 in the form of a coupled sprayer for an agricultural tractor (not shown). The field sprayer 10 includes a frame 12 with a hitch or coupling arrangement 13 and wheels 14, a parallelogram linkage 16, an application arrangement 18, and a tank 20. The parallelogram linkage 16 is pivotally connected the frame 12 and is provided with an upper arm 22 and a lower steering arm 24 that are guided parallel to each other and extend between the frame 12 and a parallel guided linkage frame 26. A repositioning mechanism in the form of a stepper motor 28 is connected in joints, free to pivot, it extends between the upper steering arm 22 and the frame 12, the stepper motor is configured as a hydraulic cylinder and is used to raise and lower the parallel guided linkage frame 26. The application arrangement 18 is provided with a boom or spray linkage 30 with application units 32 that include spray nozzles arranged along the spray linkage 30. Moreover the spray linkage 30 is provided with connecting struts 34, that are connected with the linkage frame 26, free to pivot, by means of pivot bearings (not shown). The pivot bearings are arranged in such a way that the connecting struts 34 and with them the spray linkage 30 pivot about an axis that is vertical to the surface of the ground. Due to the pivot bearings, the spray linkage 30 can be brought into an operating condition and a transport position manually or by means of a stepper motor, not shown. The spray linkage 30, shown in FIG. 1, is in its operating position and extends lengthwise transverse to the direction of operation and generally parallel to the surface of the ground. The application units 32 are supplied with fluid to be sprayed over several lines (not shown) extending the lines between the tank 20 and the application arrangement 18 as well as along the spray linkage 30. The tank 20 (see FIG. 2) is generally configured in a box shape and is provided with an upper side 38, an underside 40, a front side 42, a rear side 44 and sides 46, 48. A fill region 50 in the shape of a cylinder is arranged in the forward region of the tank 20 and extends upward and to the front perpendicular to the upper side of the tank. The fill region partially rises above the front side 42 and the upper side 38 of the tank 20. Brackets 52 extending perpendicular to the sides 46, 48 include bores 54. The brackets 52 are used to mount the tank 20 to the frame 12. Furthermore, the tank 20 is provided with an outlet opening 56 on the underside 40. The fill region 50 of the tank 20 is provided with an opening 58 arranged on the tank 20 (see FIG. 3). The opening 58 is provided with a circular rim 60. Starting from the rim 60, the fill region 50 includes a first partial region 62 and a second partial region 64, where the partial regions 62, 64 are configured as basins or pans. The partial regions 62, 64 are bordered in part by a circular wall 66 of the cylindrical fill region 50 and in part by a separating wall 68. The separating wall 68 extends in the shape of an arch transversely through the fill region 50 so that the first partial region 62 is generally shaped as a circle or an oval and the second partial region 64 is generally sickle-shaped. The separating wall 68 shields the first partial region 62 at the side with respect to the second partial region 64. The first partial region 62 is provided with an outflow opening 72 equipped with a sieve 70 in the direction of the underside 40 of the tank 20. The outflow opening essentially occupies the entire bottom of the first partial region 62. Moreover the first partial region 62 is provided with a recess 73 arranged between the outflow opening 72 at the side and the wall 66. The second partial region 64 is provided with a bottom 74 that is equipped with an outflow opening 76. The tank 20 is also provided with a first closure 78 as is shown in FIG. 4. The first closure 78 is generally configured as a circular plate and covers the entire opening 58 of the fill region 50 completely or comes into firm contact with the rim 60 formed at the opening 58. The first closure 78 is preferably engaged by means of a screw thread with the rim 60 of the fill region 50. For this purpose bores, not shown, distributed around the circumference are provided at the edge of the first closure 78 that are aligned with threaded bores, not shown, arranged correspondingly at the rim 60. A connection of the first closure 78 that can be released is established with the tank 20 by means of threaded pins (not shown). The first closure 78 is provided with a circular opening 80 (not visible in the drawing) that is covered by a correspondingly configured circular second closure 82. The second closure 82 is configured as a folding cover and is connected with the first closure 78 at the opening 80 by a hinge 84. The opening 80 or the second closure 82 are arranged eccentrically to the first closure 78 so that the first closure 78 represents a circular ring with an eccentric interior circumference. Thereby a uniformly expanding connecting region 86 is developed at the first closure 78. Several connections 87, 88, 89, 90, 91 are provided on the connecting region 86, that lead along an underside of the first closure 78 or into the interior of the fill region 50. The opening 80 is arranged above the first partial region 62 (see FIG. 3) and opens a region, that corresponds essentially only to the size of the outflow
|
['B65B104']
|
detailed_description
|
11,051,677
|
[description] Please refer to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 in which an electrical-interference-isolated transistor structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown, the transistor structure of the present invention in this preferred embodiment mainly includes a chip 1, an optional packaging insulating layer 2, a first and a second adhesive layer 3, 3′, a conducting layer 4, a leadframe 5, lead wires 6 and conductors 6′ connecting the chip 1 to the conducting layer 4 and the leadframe 5, and a sealing material 7. The chip 1, which is a known product and is therefore not discussed in any details herein, has one side provided with electrical contacts 11. The optional packaging insulating layer 2, the first adhesive layer 3, the conducting layer 4, and the second adhesive layer 3′ are sequentially arranged on the chip 1 at the side with the electrical contacts 11 from inner to outer side, so that the conducting layer 4 is fixedly bonded between the first and the second adhesive layer 3, 3′. The leadframe 5 includes a plurality of terminal legs 51 and is bonded to an outer side of the second adhesive layer 3′ to locate the conducting layer 4 between the chip 1 and the leadframe 5. Each electrical contact 11 on the chip 1 is electrically connected to a corresponding terminal leg 51 of the leadframe 5 via one lead wire 6, as shown in FIG. 3. Moreover, at least one of the electrical contacts 11 on the chip 1 is electrically connected to the conducting layer 4 and one selected terminal leg 51 of the leadframe 5 via at least one conductor 6′. The sealing material 7 is applied to a predetermined position on the chip 1 to provide a sealed structure and thereby complete the electrical-interference-isolated transistor structure of the present invention. The optional packaging insulating layer 2 may be, for example, a type of packaging resin material, such as epoxy. The first and the second adhesive layer 3, 3′ maybe, for example, a liquid substance, such as glue, that provides a bonding ability after becoming dried, or a tape. The conducting layer 4 may be, for example, a metal sheet, a metal film, or a type of electrically conducting fiber. Since the conducting layer 4 is electrically connected to the electrical contacts 11 on the chip 1 via the conductors 6′, it may also serve as a ground or a power source. The leadframe 5 is made of a metal material by way of pressing, and includes a plurality of terminal legs 51 that are separated from one another for electrical connection to external elements. Each of the lead wires 6 is extended between one electrical contact 11 of the chip 1 and one corresponding terminal leg 51 of the leadframe 5 to electrically connect them to each other. The conductors 6′ maybe otherwise in the form of connected leadwires. Therefore, with the conducting layer 4 that is arranged between the chip 1 and the leadframe 5 to form a shielding structure and electrically connected to at least one electrical contact 11 on the chip 1 via one conductor 6′ to form a grounding structure, favorable effects of isolating electrical noises, reducing electromagnetic interferences (EMI) , improving transmission rate, strengthening chip packaging structure, providing a common ground circuit, and improving rate of heat release may be achieved on the transistor structure of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, in which the chip 1 is sequentially provided at each of two opposite edges of a selected side thereof, that is, the side with the electrical contacts 11, with the optional packaging insulating layer 2, the first adhesive layer 3, the conducting layer 4, the second adhesive layer 3′, and the leadframe 5, such that a hollow space 12 is formed at a middle portion of the side of the chip 1 with the electrical contacts 11. The leadwires 6 connecting the electrical contacts 11 on the chip 1 with the terminal legs 51 of the leadframe 5 are located in the hollow space 12, and the sealing material 7 is applied into the hollow space 12 to seal the lead wires 6 in the hollow space 12 and thereby complete a packaged chip for use, for example, on a circuit board. With the shielding structure formed by the conducting layer 4 arranged between the chip 1 and the leadframe 5 and the grounding structure formed by electrically connecting the conducting layer 4 to at least one electrical contact 11 on the chip 1 and at least one terminal leg 51 of the leadframe via at least one conductor 6′, the transistor structure of the present invention has the above-mentioned multiple effects. FIG. 6 is a bottom view of another preferred embodiment of the present invention structurally similar to that shown in FIG. 3, except that the optional packaging insulating layer 2, the first adhesive layer 3, the conducting layer 4, the second adhesive layer 3′, and the leadframe 5 are sequentially provided at each of four edges of a selected side, that is, the side with the electrical contacts 11 of the chip 1 like a matrix, such that the hollow space 12 is formed at a central portion of the side of the chip 1 with the electrical contacts 11. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a further preferred embodiment of the present invention similar to that of FIG. 2, except that a sealing material 7′ is applied to all outer sides of the chip 1, the optional packaging insulating layer 2, the first adhesive layer 3, the conducting layer 4, the second adhesive layer 3′, and the leadframe 5 to protect and maintain the chip 1 and all other internal components in a stable state. Again, the shielding structure formed by the conducting layer 4 arranged between the chip 1 and the leadframe 5 enables
|
['H01L23495']
|
detailed_description
|
11,674,472
|
[invention] In arid areas of the world water is becoming one of the most precious natural resources. Meeting future water needs in these arid areas can require aggressive conservation measures. This in turn requires irrigation systems that apply water to the landscape based on the water requirements of the plants. Many irrigation controllers have been developed for automatically controlling application of water to landscapes. Known irrigation controllers range from simple devices that control watering times based upon fixed schedules, to sophisticated devices that vary the watering schedules according to local geography and climatic conditions. With respect to the simpler types of irrigation controllers, a homeowner typically sets a watering schedule that involves specific run times and days for each of a plurality of stations, and the controller executes the same schedule regardless of the season or weather conditions. From time to time the homeowner may manually adjust the watering schedule, but such adjustments are usually only made a few times during the year, and are based upon the homeowner's perceptions rather than the actual landscape's watering needs. One change is often made in the late spring, when a portion of the yard becomes brown due to a lack of water. Another change is often made in the late fall, when the homeowner assumes that the vegetation does not require as much watering. These changes to the watering schedule are typically insufficient to achieve efficient watering. More sophisticated irrigation controllers usually include some mechanism for automatically making adjustments to the irrigation run times to account for daily environmental variations. However, due to the complexity of these irrigation controllers, the homeowner, after the irrigation controller is initially installed, makes few if any changes to the irrigation controller settings and may not even check, if the irrigation controller is operating properly unless the landscape plant material begins browning and/or dying. Additionally, since these irrigation controllers operate the irrigation system automatically, a typical homeowner makes no preparation for someone to check the system, such as when they are on vacation or otherwise absent from their residence for an extended period of time. Unfortunately, irrigation controllers are machines, and for any number of reasons they might fail to operate correctly, such as if the electricity to the residence is temporarily turned off. Whether because of user disinterest, lack of knowledge in the operation of present automatic irrigation systems, or any other reason, there exists a need for cost-effective methods to assist irrigation users in attaining more efficient irrigation of their landscapes, and in the regular monitoring of their operation of the irrigation systems. There are irrigation systems that are entirely or partly controlled by a distal computer, and/or receive information from a distal computer that is located at a remote site from the irrigation controller. Examples are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,855, issued May 1993, to Marian; U.S. Pat. No. 5,696,671, issued December 1997, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,870,302, issued February 1999, both to Oliver; U.S. Pat. No. 5,740,031, issued April 1998, to Gagnon; U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,466, issued May 1998, to McGivem, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,298,285, issued October 2001, U.S. Pat. No. 6,892,114, issued May 2005, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,895,9867, issued May 2005, all to Addink, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,453,216, issued September 2002, to McCabe, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,600.971, issued July 2003 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,898,467, issued May 2005, both to Smith, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 7,146,254, issued December 2006, to Howard. In all of these cases, the irrigation controllers are either controlled by the distal computers, and/or they receive information from the distal computers that is used in the calculation of run times. However, there is no information sent, from the irrigation controller back to the computer, to verify what the actual runtimes were for the various stations operated by the irrigation controller. Additionally, there are irrigation systems having bidirectional communication of information between a distal computer and an irrigation controller. Some such systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,944,523, issued September 2005 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,950,728, issued September 2005, both to Addink, et al. where the information communication is initiated by the distal computer. U.S. Pat. No. 6,823,239, issued November 2004, to Sieminski also discloses bidirectional communication of information between an irrigation server and an irrigation controller in which the irrigation controller initiates calls to the irrigation server. However, the information transmitted involves only ‘station or mainline flow failures, as well as station wiring faults’ and does not include any transmissions of irrigation run-time history. The above patents do not disclose irrigation controller initiated communication and/or do not involve the transmitting of data to perform at least one of the following functions: (a) exchange irrigation data; (b) receive control data; and (c) receive synchronization data.
|
['G05D700']
|
background
|
12,392,801
|
[claim] 1. A media deposit apparatus comprising: a media deposit portion; a temporary stack portion to temporarily store media deposited in the media deposit portion; a media storage portion to receive the temporarily stored media from the temporary stack portion and to store the media; a deposit transfer portion to provide a deposit circulation path of the media; a temporary transfer portion to provide a temporary circulation path that contacts with the deposit circulation path to transfer the media to the temporary stack portion, and comprising a temporary stack gate that is provided between the deposit circulation path and the temporary circulation path to selectively convert a path of the media to the temporary circulation path; and a media transfer portion to provide a media transfer path that contacts with the temporary circulation path to transfer the media to the media storage portion, and comprising a media storage gate that is provided between the temporary circulation path and the media transfer path to selectively convert the path of the media to the media transfer path. 2. The media deposit apparatus of claim 1, wherein the deposit transfer portion, the temporary transfer portion, and the media transfer portion uni-directionally circulate. 3. The media deposit apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temporary transfer portion uni-directionally circulates to transfer the media to the temporary stack portion in a sheet unit, or to receive the media from the temporary stack portion in a sheet unit. 4. The media deposit apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the temporary stack portion transfers or receives the media in a single outlet, and the temporary transfer portion comprises a media guide that is provided to be adjacent to the outlet of the temporary stack portion. 5. A media deposit apparatus comprising: a media deposit portion; a temporary stack portion to temporarily store media deposited in the media deposit portion; a media storage portion to receive the temporarily stored media from the temporary stack portion and to store the media; a deposit transfer portion to provide a deposit circulation path of the media; a media recognition portion being provided on the deposit circulation path to determine whether the media is abnormal or whether the media is forged; a temporary transfer portion to provide a temporary circulation path that contacts with the deposit circulation path to transfer the media between the deposit circulation path and the temporary stack portion, and comprising a temporary stack gate that is provided between the deposit circulation path and the temporary circulation path to selectively convert a path of the media to the temporary circulation path; a media transfer portion to provide a media transfer path that contacts with the temporary circulation path to transfer the media between the temporary circulation path and the media storage portion, and comprising a media storage gate that is provided between the temporary circulation path and the media transfer path to selectively convert the path of the media to the media transfer path; and a specific transfer portion to provide a specific transfer path that contacts with the temporary circulation path to transfer the media between the temporary circulation path and a specific storage portion that stores forged media among the media, and comprising a specific storage gate that is provided between the temporary circulation path and the specific transfer path to selectively convert the path of the media to the specific transfer path, wherein a path of the forged media determined at the media recognition portion is converted by a forged note retraction gate that is provided between the deposit circulation path and the temporary circulation path whereby the forged media is not temporarily stored in the temporary stack portion but is transferred to the specific storage portion. 6. The media deposit apparatus of claim 5, further comprising: a rejection portion being provided on the deposit circulation path to store the abnormal media that is determined at the media recognition portion. 7. The media deposit apparatus of claim 5, wherein the specific storage portion is provided on the specific transfer path, and is provided within a retraction portion to retract uncollected media. 8. The media deposit apparatus of claim 5, wherein the deposit circulation path, the temporary circulation path, the media transfer path, and the specific transfer path uni-directionally circulate. 9. The media deposit apparatus of claim 5, wherein the temporary circulation path comprises a first temporary circulation path that simultaneously contacts with the deposit transfer path and the specific transfer path, and a second temporary circulation path that contacts with the media transfer path. 10. The media deposit apparatus of claim 9, wherein a driving unit to circulate the deposit circulation path, the first temporary circulation path, and the specific transfer path is different from a driving unit to circulate the second temporary circulation path and the media transfer path. 11. A method of controlling a media deposit apparatus comprising a media deposit portion, a temporary stack portion to temporarily store media deposited in the media deposit portion, a media storage portion to receive the temporarily stored media from the temporary stack portion and to store the media, a specific storage portion to store forged media among the media, and a rejection portion to store abnormal media among the media, the method comprising: transferring the deposited media from the media deposit portion in a sheet unit; determining whether the media is abnormal or whether the media is forged; transferring the media to a temporary circulation path; determining whether to convert, to the rejection portion, a path of the media that circulates together with the temporary circulation path; determining whether to convert, to the temporary stack portion, the path of the media that circulates together with the temporary circulation path; determining whether to convert, to the media storage portion, the path of the media that circulates together with the temporary circulation path; and determining whether to convert, to the specific storage portion, the path of the media that circulates together with the temporary circulation path. 12. The method of claim
|
['B65H526' 'G06F1700']
|
claim
|
11,725,474
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting a general configuration of an information retrieval apparatus according to the embodiment; FIG. 2 is a view showing an actual exemplary configuration of an information retrieval apparatus according to the embodiment; FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of input data stored in an input data storage unit 22; FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of data held in a mark symbol accompanying data storage unit 35; and FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of operation of an information retrieval apparatus according to the embodiment.
|
['G06F1730']
|
detailed_description
|
11,873,278
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to prosthetic vascular access grafts. More particularly, this invention relates to multilayer composite vascular access grafts and their method of construction. 2. Description of the State of the Art Vascular access is the method used to access the bloodstream for hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis removes blood from the body and routes it to an artificial kidney machine where the blood is cleansed and returned to the patient. Hemodialysis patients require easy and routine access to the bloodstream. The most common forms of vascular access are an arteriovenous (A/V) fistula, a central venous catheter (CVC) for temporary access and a prosthetic vascular access graft (VAG). The A/V fistula generally takes 1 to 4 months after surgery to develop, and a CVC is generally inserted until the fistula is ready for use. A VAG is a synthetic tube that is implanted under the skin in your arm and connected to an artery and a vein. The VAG is the most widely used vascular access device for long term vascular access in the hemodialysis patient, since there are a variety of factors that prevent the use of an A/V fistula. More than 60% of the hemodialysis patients in the United States have a VAG. Hemodialysis patients have benefited from high-flow cannulation VAGs for decades. A primary material used in the construction of a VAG is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). The ePTFE graft has become a standard among vascular surgeons due to its high kink-resistance, conformability and biocompatibility. The primary disadvantage of the ePTFE graft is that it must be allowed to “mature” for at least two weeks after the implant procedure to ensure that sufficient tissue in-growth has occurred and, although not necessarily required, it is often hoped that cell endothelialization has occurred as well. This maturation time helps to provide hemostasis, long-term healing ability and patency to the graft. Polyurethane VAGs have been introduced into the U.S. marketplace over the past three years and are beneficial in that they are available for cannulation immediately after implant, are self-sealing, and as a result, provide rapid post-cannulation hemostasis. There are a number of disadvantages with these grafts including undesired handling characteristics that make it difficult for the surgeon to create an anastomosis, particularly with smaller blood vessels. In addition, the high elasticity of polyurethane can result in pulling and kinking in the region of the anastomosis. Accordingly, one of skill in the art in the field of VAGs would benefit from the introduction of a VAG with improved performance characteristics, which include handling characteristics such as ease of suturing, kink resistance and the ability to serve as a cannulation route soon after the implant procedure.
|
['A61F206']
|
background
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.