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11,162,699
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[summary] The present invention overcomes many of the shortcomings and limitations of the prior art devices discussed above and teaches the construction and operation of several embodiments of a refrigerated product merchandising unit which utilizes a refrigeration unit for delivering cold forced-air to products positioned within the product holding cavity for cooling and chilling such products for consumer use. The present units provide an attractive, inviting display in which articles for sale are chilled and made readily and conveniently accessible to the consumer at the top of the unit. No ice or accumulated waste water from the melted ice is associated with the present units and therefore no drainage mechanism for periodically removing and draining such waste water associated with prior art cooler assemblies is necessary. More particularly, the present product merchandising units include a base unit, an outer body member or shell member, and an inner tub member, or other product holding receptacle or container having an internal cavity associated therewith adapted for receiving and holding beverage products or other articles for sale. Although the outer body member or shell member of the present assembly is preferably cylindrical in shape, other container shapes and configurations such as rectangular, square, triangular and trapezoidal configurations will likewise work well as will be hereinafter explained. The tub member or product holding container is typically cooperatively engageable with the upper edge portion of the outer body member, although other means for holding the tub member within the body member may likewise be utilized. The tub member may also be integrally formed with the outer body member and includes an opened upper end portion, a lower or bottom end portion forming the bottom surface of the tub member, and a sidewall extending between the upper and lower end portions thereof defining an internal cavity therebetween. The tub member is sized and shaped to fit within the outer body member and to be supported therewithin. The base unit includes a totally integrated refrigeration system mounted to a wheel base assembly for easy mobility from one location to another. The refrigeration unit is self-contained and can be of any conventional structure so as to be received within the outer body member as will be hereinafter explained. The refrigeration system typically includes a compressor, one or more fans, evaporator coils, a condensation pan, a supply air side, a return air side, power means and other appropriate components. The base unit is sized and configured such that the outer body member or shell member can be positioned over the base unit such that the refrigeration system is completely enclosed and contained therewithin. A plurality of screws or other fastening means removably attaches the outer body member to the base unit. The tub member includes a first plurality of inlet openings or slots strategically positioned around the top portion of such member for allowing incoming cold air delivered from the supply side of the refrigeration system to circulate around the outer periphery of the tub member and enter the interior cavity of such tub member so as to further circulate around the product containers positioned therewithin and chill the same. The size and shape of these openings or slots can be varied depending upon the size and shape of the tub member and/or product holding container as well as depending upon the type of products being positioned therewithin. As the cold air circulates around the outer periphery of the tub member and through the inlet openings associated with the top portion thereof, such cold air will circulate from top to bottom through the interior portion of the tub member. A second set of exit or outlet openings or slots are located along only a portion of the bottom portion of the tub member for allowing the cool air to exit the tub member and return to the refrigeration unit for recooling and recirculation back through the tub member. This second set of exit or outlet openings functions as the return air outlet allowing such air to exit the tub member and flow to the return side of the refrigeration unit located therebelow whereby such air is recooled and then resupplied to the tub member through the supply side of the refrigeration system. A flange member or other divider structure is provided around the return air exit openings in the tub member so as to segregate the supply side area of the overall unit from the return side area so that the return air cannot cycle back to the top of the tub member without first passing through the refrigeration unit. This ensures that cold air will constantly be supplied to the products positioned within the tub member thereby effectively keeping the products positioned therewithin cold at all times. The tub member, outer body member, refrigeration unit, and in some embodiments the flange member, form a space or duct therebetween for more effectively channeling cold air to the products positioned within the tub member or product holding container. No additional duct work or other means are necessary for effectively cooling the products positioned within the tub member. This unique air chamber design provides continuous cold forced-air flow for circulation around and through the interior cavity of the tub member, which forced-air cooling is more efficient and clean as compared to ice and/or freeze-plate technology, and which design provides faster cooling and keeps the products colder for a longer period of time. The present tub member may likewise be suitably provided with means to accommodate a see-through lid member which is designed to rest upon and/or be attached to the upper portion of the tub member. The lid member serves to close the tub member, provides visibility to the contents positioned therewithin, and provides ready access to the articles therein by consumers. Lid members of various shapes and styles may be used in conjunction with the present tub member. In addition, in some embodiments, the lid member and/or the outer body member or shell member may include means for holding and displaying
|
['A47F304']
|
summary
|
12,565,206
|
[summary] An aspect of the present disclosure relates to methods for the identification of an analyte, such as an analyte present in a biological sample obtained from a subject. In one instance, the method is directed to the rapid detection of one or more nucleic acids. The method may include the provision of an amplicon(s) of the one or more nucleic acids to be detected. The amplicon may be an amplicon generated using a first, e.g., forward, primer conjugated to a synthetic binding unit and a second primer, reverse primer, conjugated to a detectable moiety. The method may further include the provision of a substrate, wherein the surface thereof includes a synthetic capture unit that has been immobilized at a predetermined location thereon. The synthetic capture unit may be such that it selectively and reversibly binds the synthetic binding unit. Additionally, the method may include the contacting of the surface of the substrate with the amplicon under conditions sufficient for the amplicon to become immobilized at the predetermined location by binding of the synthetic capture unit with the synthetic binding unit. The binding of the synthetic capture unit with the synthetic binding unit produces a synthetic addressable complex. Once the synthetic capture unit has bound to the synthetic binding unit, the detectable moiety associated with the amplicon may then be detected thereby indicating the presence of the nucleic acid in the sample. In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to devices for use in the identification of an analyte, such as an analyte present in a biological sample obtained from a subject. In one instance, the device is a test device that includes a body; a substrate, and/or an indication window. For instance, in one embodiment, the substrate may include a surface that contains one or more synthetic capture units, such as a synthetic capture unit that is capable of specifically binding with a synthetic binding unit conjugated to an amplicon of a target analyte. For example, the substrate may include a plurality of immobilized synthetic capture units that are positioned on the substrate so as to form one or more addressable lines. In one instance, the substrate may be a membrane, such as a lateral flow membrane. The membrane may be associated with one or more of a sample pad and/or an absorbent pad, and may also be positioned such that the membrane is exposed through one or more of the windows in the body of the test device. For example, the sample pad may include an absorbent material and may be positioned downstream of the one or more windows, and the absorbent pad may include a wicking material and may be positioned upstream of the one or more windows. Specifically, in one instance, the test device includes a substrate, such as a lateral flow membrane that includes a test surface having a test pad adjacent a sample pad, as well as an absorbent pad adjacent to the test pad, wherein the adjacent pads are fluidably coupled. Accordingly, in such an instance, the sample pad of the test surface may be configured for being contacted by a fluid comprising an amplicon, as disclosed herein, and the absorbent pad may be configured for drawing the fluid toward the absorbent pad and across the test pad, e.g., via capillary action. Additionally, in some instances, as described in greater detail below, the test pad may be nitrocellulose and may include a connecting agent, such as protein (e.g., an immunoglobulin) that is conjugated to a synthetic capture agent, such as a p-RNA sequence, for the immobilization of the synthetic capture agent to the surface of the test pad. In certain instances, the synthetic capture unit is immobilized along predetermined test lines or test spots on the test pad surface. Accordingly, in one instance, the present disclosure relates to a lateral flow test device that is feasible for point of care (POC) applications, which test device may be employed in a method for the detection of a nucleic acid. The methods and devices of the present disclosure have many advantages over other nucleic acid detection systems, such as the following advantages: (a) the methods and devices of the present disclosure utilize non-native capture units, such as pRNA based capture units, and binding reagents for immobilizing a nucleic acid sequence to be detected on a test strip; (b) workflow is simplified as no post-PCR amplification procedures are needed; (c) using the device of the disclosure the method can be accomplished rapidly (e.g., approximately 15 minute incubation time); and (d) the method and device operate at a high sensitivity, such as a sensitivity of about 0.005 ng/μL or lower, which is 50-fold more sensitive than micro arrays. The methods and devices of the disclosure contemplate a method and/or a device that employs one or more specific complementary binding units. A specific complementary binding unit may be an addressable complex that includes both a synthetic capture unit and a synthetic binding unit, for instance, where the synthetic capture unit is capable of specifically binding with the synthetic binding unit. Any specific complementary addressable units may be employed, such as those including pyranosyl RNA (pRNA), 5′-5′ inverted DNA, and 2′-O′ methylated oligonucleotides-based synthetic addressable binding systems. A unifying feature of the components of the addressable complex, e.g., one or more of the synthetic capture unit and/or binding units, is that during the amplification process, the SBU region is not subject to the polymerase chain extension and thus remain single stranded and available for binding to the SCU during the capture process. For instance, in one embodiment, the system employs a non-native, synthetic pRNA binding pairs wherein each member of the binding pair system, i.e., the synthetic capture and synthetic binding units, does not bind to native furanosyl-based nucleic acids. In this manner, because of the inability of the binding pair units to bind native nucleic acids, a highly sensitive nucleic acid detection system is provided. According to the disclosure, the term “native nucleic acid” is used to denote a
|
['C12Q168' 'C12M100']
|
summary
|
11,905,334
|
Machine-to-machine communication system for payload control [SEP] [abstract] A method for enhancing payload control is disclosed. The method includes removing material during a plurality of work cycles with at least one loading machine and associating the loading machine relative to at least one haulage machine. The method also includes determining the relative locations of the loading machine and the haulage machine and, during the plurality of work cycles, loading removed material into the haulage machine with the loading machine. The method also includes determining payload and payload distribution within the haulage machine at least before a last work cycle of the plurality of work cycles and communicating to the loading machine, via a machine-to-machine communication system, the amount and position within the haulage machine of additional payload desired in at least the last work cycle of the plurality of work cycles for desired payload and payload distribution.
|
['G06G748' 'G01C2100' 'G06F1900']
|
abstract
|
12,240,928
|
ASYNCHRONOUS STREAMING OF DATA FOR VALIDATION [SEP] [abstract] The present invention relates to computer capture of object motion. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to capturing of facial movement or performance of an actor. Embodiments of the present invention provide a head-mounted camera system that allows the movements of an actor's face to be captured separately from, but simultaneously with, the movements of the actor's body. In some embodiments of the present invention, a method of motion capture of an actor's performance is provided. A self-contained system is provided for recording the data, which is free of tethers or other hard-wiring, is remotely operated by a motion-capture team, without any intervention by the actor wearing the device. Embodiments of the present invention also provide a method of validating that usable data is being acquired and recorded by the remote system.
|
['G06T1570' 'H04N718']
|
abstract
|
12,233,850
|
[summary] A dishwasher and a method of controlling a dish-washer are provided, in which it can be precisely determined whether nozzles are clogged, and in which clogged nozzles can be easily cleaned. A method of controlling a dishwasher as embodied and broadly described herein may include pumping wash water contained below a washing tub by pumping a washing pump, and washing dishes loaded in the washing tub by spraying the pumped wash water through a plurality of nozzles; and unclogging the nozzles by terminating the operation of the washing pump for a predefined amount of time and then resuming the operation of the washing pump. A dishwasher as embodied and broadly described herein may include a washing tub in which dishes are loaded and washed; a sump which is disposed below the washing tub and contains wash water; a washing pump which pumps the wash water out of the sump; a plurality of nozzles which spray the wash water pumped by the washing pump onto the dishes; and a control unit which unclogs the nozzles by terminating the operation of the washing pump for a predefined amount of time and then resuming the operation of the washing pump. In a dishwasher and a method as embodied and broadly described herein, it is possible to quickly and precisely determine, during the washing of dishes, whether nozzles are clogged with impurities contained in wash water. In addition, it is possible to easily address the problems associated with clogged nozzles simply by terminating the operation of a washing pump for a predefined amount of time and then resuming the operation of the washing pump. Moreover, it is possible to prevent the performance of a dishwasher from deteriorating due to clogged nozzles and to improve user convenience by automatically determining whether there are clogged nozzles during the washing of dishes and unclogging the nozzles if the nozzles are determined to be clogged.
|
['A47L1546']
|
summary
|
11,048,445
|
Enhanced anti-carious dentifrices, rinses, lozenges, candies and chewing gums and methods of using same [SEP] [abstract] Mouth rinses, dentifrices, lozenges, confections, chewing gums, and similar delivery vehicles containing non-toxic soluble calcium are used prior to administration of a fluoride-containing composition to increase the effectiveness of the fluoride therapy. An effective amount of calcium is released into the oral cavity and allowed to penetrate into the oral tissue. Calcium-bound fluoride deposits form in the oral tissue upon subsequent administration of the fluoride-containing composition to provide increased salivary, plaque and oral tissue fluoride concentrations.
|
['A61K821' 'A61K830']
|
abstract
|
12,271,330
|
[description] The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below for illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein: FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an automatic photographing method with face recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an automatic photographing method with face recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an automatic photographing method with face recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an automatic photographing device with face recognition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
|
['G06K900']
|
detailed_description
|
12,186,419
|
[invention] With the ever increasing number of vehicles on the roads, streets and highways and the increasing number of larger vehicles, such as pick-up trucks, vans and sports utility vehicles, commonly known as SUVs, the ability of the driver of a vehicle, especially smaller vehicles such as sports cars and sedans, to see traffic conditions, whether on the side, in the rear or forward has been diminished. This is particularly so in those conditions where a driver is attempting to turn into an intersecting street, or back out of a parking spot, or trying to turn left from a turning lane across oncoming traffic. In all those instances the driver must extend the vehicle into traffic a sufficient length, usually almost half the length of the vehicle, so that the driver's line of vision covers the oncoming traffic. While most vehicles are equipped with rear view mirrors and there have been attempts to eliminate the “blind spot” behind the driver, the need to extend the driver's line of vision applies in all direction. Likewise, because so many vehicles are already in use, there is a need to provide an enhancement or extension of the driver's line of vision to existing vehicles as well as those under manufacture. Such an enhancement would have broader application and use if it were relatively small and unobtrusive. Therefore, a need exists to provide a device and method to overcome the above problem. The device and method needs to increase the line of vision of the driver to extended to the corners of the vehicle.
|
['H04N718']
|
background
|
12,647,948
|
[claim] 1. A dynamic seal member comprising a ternary fluoroelastomer (FKM) and carbon nanofibers, the carbon nanofibers being carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 10 to 20 nm, or carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 60 to 110 nm and subjected to a low-temperature heat treatment, the carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 60 to 110 nm and subjected to the low-temperature heat treatment having a ratio (D/G) of a peak intensity D at around 1300 cm−1 to a peak intensity G at around 1600 cm−1 measured by Raman scattering spectroscopy of more than 0.9 and less than 1.6, the dynamic seal member having a number of cycles to fracture of 10 or more when subjected to a tension fatigue test at a temperature of 200° C., a maximum tensile stress of 2.5 N/mm, and a frequency of 1 Hz. 2. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, the dynamic seal member including 0.5 to 30 parts by mass of the carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 10 to 20 nm and 0 to 50 parts by mass of a filler having an average particle diameter of 5 to 300 nm based on 100 parts by mass of the ternary fluoroelastomer (FKM), the amount of the carbon nanofibers and the amount of the filler satisfying the following expressions (1) and (2), Wt=0.09W1+W2 (1) 5≦Wt≦30 (2) W1: amount (parts by mass) of filler, and W2: amount (parts by mass) of carbon nanofibers. 3. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, the dynamic seal member including 4 to 30 parts by mass of the carbon nanofibers having an average diameter of 60 to 110 nm and subjected to the low-temperature heat treatment, and 0 to 60 parts by mass of a filler having an average particle diameter of 5 to 300 nm based on 100 parts by mass of the ternary fluoroelastomer (FKM), the amount of the carbon nanofibers and the amount of the filler satisfying the following expressions (3) and (4), Wt=0.1W1+W2 (3) 10≦Wt≦30 (4) W1: amount (parts by mass) of filler, and W2: amount (parts by mass) of carbon nanofibers. 4. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, the dynamic seal member having a hardness of less than 80, and having a number of cycles to fracture of 50 or more when subjected to a tension fatigue test at a temperature of 200° C., a maximum tensile stress of 2 N/mm, and a frequency of 1 Hz. 5. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, the dynamic seal member having a hardness of 80 or more, and having a number of cycles to fracture of 300 or more when subjected to a tension fatigue test at a temperature of 200° C., a maximum tensile stress of 2 N/mm, and a frequency of 1 Hz. 6. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, the dynamic seal member having an abrasion loss Wa of 0.010 to 0.070 cm3/N·m when subjected to a high-pressure abrasion test at 25° C., the abrasion loss Wa satisfying the following expression (5), Wa=(g2−g1)/(P·L·d) (5) g1: mass (g) of specimen before abrasion test, g2: mass (g) of specimen after abrasion test, P: load (N) of weight, L: abrasion distance (m), and d: specific gravity (g/cm3). 7. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, the dynamic seal member being used for an oilfield apparatus. 8. The dynamic seal member according to claim 7, wherein the oilfield apparatus is a logging tool that performs a logging operation in a borehole. 9. The dynamic seal member according to claim 7, the dynamic seal member being an endless dynamic seal member that is disposed in the oilfield apparatus. 10. The dynamic seal member according to claim 7, the dynamic seal member being a stator of a fluid-driven motor that is disposed in the oilfield apparatus. 11. The dynamic seal member according to claim 10, wherein the fluid-driven motor is a mud motor. 12. The dynamic seal member according to claim 7, the dynamic seal member being a rotor of a fluid-driven motor that is disposed in the oilfield apparatus. 13. The dynamic seal member according to claim 12, wherein the fluid-driven motor is a mud motor. 14. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, wherein the ternary fluoroelastomer (FKM) has a fluorine content of 66 to 70 mass %, a Mooney viscosity (ML1+4121° C.) center value of 25 to 65, and a glass transition temperature of 0° C. or less. 15. The dynamic seal member according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nanofibers have an average rigidity of 3 to 12 before the carbon nanofibers are mixed into the ternary fluoroelastomer (FKM), the rigidity being defined by Lx÷D (Lx: distance between adjacent defects of carbon nanofiber, D: diameter of carbon nanofiber). 16. The dynamic seal member according to claim 2, wherein the filler is carbon black having an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm. 17. The dynamic seal member according to claim 3, wherein the filler is carbon black having an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm. 18. The dynamic seal member according to claim 2, wherein the filler is at least one material selected from silica, talc, and clay, and has an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 nm. 19. The dynamic seal member according to claim 3, wherein the filler is at least one material selected from silica, talc, and clay, and has an average particle diameter of 5 to 50 nm.
|
['E21B3310' 'E21B3300' 'B32B500' 'B32B516']
|
claim
|
12,312,313
|
[summary] The object of the present invention was therefore to provide spice-containing films suitable for covering or encasing foods which avoid the above-described disadvantages or at least reduce them, and which, more particularly, enable an even coat of spices with high loading density. Surprisingly, this object is achieved by means of a consumable, spice-containing film which, according to the present invention, comprises a consumable carrier film having a polymer matrix which, as polymeric base material, contains a polymer which is water-soluble or is soluble in an ethanol-water mixture, or a mixture of at least two such polymers. The carrier film has a smooth bottom side and a top side opposite this which is provided with a coating of spice particles, wherein the predominant fraction of the spice particles adheres to the surface of the carrier film and penetrates into said carrier film only partially, but is not completely enclosed within the carrier film. Due to the use of a consumable carrier film, the inventive spice-containing films can remain on the food product even after the manufacture of the food product has been completed, and be consumed along with it. This eliminates the necessity of removing the spice film from the food before the latter is taken to the market. As the inventive spice film may remain permanently on the food product treated therewith, only one production step is required to apply the spice film. This constitutes a considerable simplification compared to the spice films and methods known from the prior art. The top side of the carrier film is provided with a coat of a plurality of spice particles which has a high loading density. Due to the fact that the predominant fraction of the spice particles adheres to the surface of the carrier film and penetrates into the latter only partially, but is not completely enclosed within the carrier film, it is ensured that there is a very efficient direct interaction between the spice coating and a surface of a food product covered therewith. “Predominant fraction” corresponds preferably to at least 55%, more preferably at least 75%, and most preferably at least 90% of the spice particles, with each percentage relating to the overall number of particles in a randomly selected section of the film. The coating of the carrier film with spice particles is uniform and without gaps, which enables a homogeneous seasoning of a food product covered therewith. In dried condition, that is, in the state following the manufacture and prior to use, the spice particles are firmly anchored in the polymer matrix of the carrier film, and few—or, if at all, negligible—losses due to premature detachment from the carrier film occur. After the spice-loaded carrier film has been brought into contact with the surface of a food, the hydrophile, water-soluble polymers of the polymer matrix act as adhesion-promoting agents between the spice particles and the surface of the respective food or food product (e.g. surface of a piece of meat or a sausage). The spice-containing films according to the present invention are consumable, that is, they are suitable for human consumption. Polymers as well as auxiliary substances and additives that are suitable for producing consumable products, that is, of food products, are known to those skilled in the art. The carrier film serves as a structure-imparting element and as a carrier for the spice particles. It comprises a polymer matrix which, as polymeric base material, contains a polymer which is water-soluble or is soluble in an ethanol-water mixture, or a mixture of at least two such polymers. Apart from the afore-mentioned base material, the polymer matrix may contain additives or auxiliary substance in order to modify the chemical and physical properties of the film. For example, the mechanical flexibility of the carrier film (and thereby of the entire spice-containing film) may be increased by adding softeners or/and humectants. Substances suitable for that purpose are known to the person skilled in the art. Substances that are suitable as softeners or humectants are, in particular, glycerine, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, triacetin, citric acid ester, esters of organic polyalcohols, castor oil, acetylated fatty acid glycerides, triethyl citrates, acetyl-tri-n-butyl citrate, acetyl-tri-n-ethyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate, phthalic acid ester, phthalate, dextrose. The polymer fraction contained in the carrier film preferably amounts to 10 to 90%-wt., more preferably 20 to 70%-wt., with each percentage relative to the carrier film (without the spice portion) in dried condition. The fraction of the optionally present additives and auxiliary substances amounts to 0 to 90%-wt., preferably 5 to 50%-wt. The carrier film has a smooth bottom side and a top side opposite this which is provided with a coating of spice particles. Consequently, the inventive films are loaded only on one of the two sides thereof with spice particles. The top side provided with the spice particles carries and presents the spice particles at a high density. According to a preferred embodiment, an inventive spice-containing film has on its top side a rough surface structure that is predominantly or completely determined by the shape of the spice particles that have been applied. Preferably, the surface is covered all over and without any gaps with spice particles. The smooth structure of the bottom side of the carrier film, which at the same time forms the bottom side of the spice-containing film, is above all determined by the polymer matrix. Preferably the smooth bottom side of the carrier film, which at the same time represents the bottom side of the spice-containing film, forms a continuous, gapless surface. This carrier film may remain, temporarily or permanently, connected with the coating support which during the manufacturing process was used for producing the polymer matrix layer from a liquid coating mass. The free bottom side (i.e. that side which is not connected with the carrier film) of the coating support is preferably provided with abhesive properties. This can be achieved, in particular, by using a siliconised coating support, for example a release paper that has been siliconised on one side.
|
['A23L122']
|
summary
|
10,504,010
|
[claim] 1. An optical to radio frequency detector comprising an optical guide for receiving two optical signal components having frequencies that differ by an amount corresponding to a radio frequency, and a radio signal guide coupled with an interaction zone of said optical guide for propagating a radio signal from said interaction zone at said radio frequency, characterised in that said interaction zone of said optical guide comprises an interaction material presenting a second-order non-linear optical polarisation characteristic to the propagation of said optical signal components, and said radio signal guide is in travelling-wave coupling with said interaction zone. 2. An optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said interaction zone and said travelling-wave coupling of said radio signal guide extend over a length of said optical guide at least as great as the wave-length of said radio signal in said radio signal guide. 3. An optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the propagation velocities of said optical signal components in said interaction zone and of said radio signal in said radio signal guide are substantially equal. 4. An optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said interaction material comprises a dipolar material presenting non-centre-symmetric interaction characteristics to said optical signals. 5. An optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 4, wherein said dipolar material includes a diazobenzene chromophore material having orientated electrical characteristics in a host matrix polymer material. 6. An optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optical guide comprises a ridge formed in said interaction material at an interface with a material, said interaction material having dimensions such that said optical signal components are channeled to propagate along said ridge. 7. An optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said radio signal guide comprises an electrically conductive strip juxtaposed with and extending along said interaction zone on one side thereof and a further electrically conductive element juxtaposed with and extending along said interaction zone on an opposite side thereof. 8. A passive optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 1 for passive propagation of said radio signal in said radio signal guide, without supply of power other than said optical signal components. 9. Communication apparatus comprising an optical to radio frequency detector as claimed in claim 1 and generation means for supplying said optical signal components to said optical guide. 10. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said generation means comprises means for generating an optical signal and modulator means for modulating said optical signal with a radio signal so as to generate said optical signal components. 11. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said modulator means comprises a generation optical guide for receiving said optical signal and a generation radio signal guide in travelling-wave coupling with a generation interaction zone of said generation optical guide for coupling a radio signal at said radio frequency to said generation interaction zone so as to generate said optical signal components, wherein said interaction zone of said generation optical guide comprises an interaction material presenting a second-order non-linear optical polarization characteristic to the propagation of said optical signal. 12. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said interaction zone and said travelling-wave coupling of said generation radio signal guide extend over a length of said generation optical guide at least as great as the wave-length of said radio signal in said generation radio signal guide. 13. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein the propagation velocities of said optical signal components in said generation optical guide and of said radio signal in said generation radio signal guide are substantially equal. 14. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said interaction material of said generation optical guide comprises a dipolar material presenting non-centre-symmetric interaction characteristics to said optical signals. 15. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein said interaction material of said generation optical guide includes a diazobenzene chromophore material having orientated electrical characteristics in a host matrix polymer material. 16. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said generation optical guide comprises a ridge formed in said interaction material at an interface with a material I said interaction material having dimensions such that said optical signal components are channeled to propagate along said ridge. 17. Communication apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said generation radio signal guide comprises an electrically conductive strip juxtaposed with and extending along said generation interaction zone on one side thereof and a further electrically conductive element juxtaposed with and extending along said generation interaction zone on an opposite side thereof.
|
['H04B1000']
|
claim
|
11,391,708
|
[invention] Resuscitation can generally include clearing a patient's airway, assisting the patient's breathing, chest compressions, and defibrillation. The American Heart Association's Basic Life Support for Health Care Providers textbook provides a flow chart at page 4-14 of Chapter 4 that lists the steps of airway clearing, breathing, and circulation (known as A, B, and C), for situations in which there is no defibrillator readily accessible to the rescuer. Defibrillation (sometimes known as step D) can be performed with the use of an automatic external defibrillator (AED). Most automatic external defibrillators are actually semi-automatic external defibrillators (SAED), which require a clinician to press a start button, after which the defibrillator analyzes the patient's condition and provides a shock to the patient if the electrical rhythm is shockable and waits for user intervention before any subsequent shock. Fully automatic external defibrillators, on the other hand, do not wait for user intervention before applying subsequent shocks. As used below, automatic external defibrillators (AED) include semi-automatic external defibrillators (SAED). Both types of defibrillators typically provide an oral stand clear warning before the application of each shock, and then the clinician is expected to stand clear of the patient and may be required to press a button indicating that the clinician is standing clear of the patient. The controls for automatic external defibrillators are typically located on a resuscitation control box. AEDs are used typically by trained providers such as physicians, nurses, fire department personnel, and police officers. There might be one or two people at a given facility that has an AED who have been designated for defibrillation resuscitation before an ambulance service arrives. The availability of on-site AEDs along with rescuers trained to operate them is important because if the patient experiences a delay of more than 4 minutes before receiving a defibrillation shock the patient's chance of survival can drop dramatically. Many large cities and rural areas have low survival rates for defibrillation because the ambulance response time is slow, although many suburbs have higher survival rates because of the faster ambulance response time due to lack of traffic and availability of hospitals and advanced life support. Trained lay providers are a new group of AED operators, but they rarely have opportunities to defibrillate. For example, spouses of heart attack victims may become lay providers, but these lay providers can be easily intimidated by an AED during a medical emergency. Consequently, such lay providers can be reluctant to purchase AEDs, or might tend to wait for an ambulance to arrive rather than use an available AED, out of concern that the lay provider might do something wrong. There are many different kinds of heart rhythms, some of which are considered shockable and some of them are not. For example, a normal rhythm is considered non-shockable, and there are also many abnormal non-shockable rhythms. There are also some abnormal non-viable non-shockable, which means that the patient cannot remain alive with the rhythm, but yet applying shocks will not help convert the rhythm. As an example of a non-shockable rhythm, if a patient experiences asystole, the heart will not be beating and application of shocks will be ineffective. Pacing is recommended for asystole, and there are other things that an advanced life support team can do to assist such patient, such as the use of drugs. The job of the first responder is simply to keep the patient alive, through the use of CPR and possibly defibrillation, until an advanced life support team arrives. Bradycardias, during which the heart beats too slowly, are non-shockable and also possibly non-viable. If the patient is unconscious during bradycardia, it can be helpful to perform chest compressions until pacing becomes available. Electro-mechanical dissociation (EMD), in which there is electrical activity in the heart but it is not making the heart muscle contract, is non-shockable and non-viable, and would require CPR as a first response. Idio-ventricular rhythms, in which the normal electrical activity occurs in the ventricles but not the atria, can also be non-shockable and non-viable (usually, abnormal electrical patterns begin in the atria). Idio-ventricular rhythms typically result in slow heart rhythms of 30 or 40 beats per minute, often causing the patient to lose consciousness. The slow heart rhythm occurs because the ventricles ordinarily respond to the activity of the atria, but when the atria stop their electrical activity, a slower, backup rhythm occurs in the ventricles. The primary examples of shockable rhythms, for which a first responder should perform defibrillation, include ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular flutter. After using a defibrillator to apply one or more shocks to a patient who has a shockable electrical rhythm, the patient may nevertheless remain unconscious, in a shockable or non-shockable rhythm. The rescuer may then resort to chest compressions (alternatively, chest compressions may be applied prior to the initial delivery of a shock). As long as the patient remains unconscious, the rescuer can alternate between use of the defibrillator (for analyzing the electrical rhythm and possibly applying a shock) and performing cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). CPR generally involves a repeating pattern of five or fifteen chest compressions followed by a pause. CPR is generally ineffective against abnormal rhythms, but it does keep some level of blood flow going to the patient's vital organs until an advanced life support team arrives. It is difficult to perform CPR over an extended period of time. Certain studies have shown that over a course of minutes, rescuers tend to perform chest compressions with less-than-sufficient strength to cause an adequate supply of blood to flow to the brain. CPR prompting devices can assist a rescuer by prompting each chest compression and breath. PCT Patent Publication No. WO 99/24114, filed by Heartstream, Inc., discloses an external defibrillator having PCR and ACLS (advanced cardiac life support) prompts. U.S. Patent Application 2005/0037730 discloses a wireless phone with a motion sensor used to detect an emergency situation such as an automobile crash.
|
['A61H3100']
|
background
|
12,626,071
|
COVERING FOR PAPER MACHINE [SEP] [abstract] A covering for use with a paper, cardboard, tissue or fibrous web making machine, the covering including a plurality of films laminated together, the films including a polymer material. The plurality of films each having a plurality of perforations penetrating a thickness of each film. The perforations being configured to form drainage channels through the covering. At least one of the films having perforations had filler particulates distributed through the polymer material of the film. The filler particulates having been substantially removed from the polymer material to form the perforations in the films.
|
['B32B310' 'B32B3810']
|
abstract
|
11,260,145
|
Object detection method and a video data retrieval method [SEP] [abstract] A video data description method. Both feature data of predetermined object and feature data of background area are extracted from a frame of input video. The feature data of predetermined object and the feature data of background area are described as a descriptor of the frame.
|
['G06K946']
|
abstract
|
12,335,882
|
FUEL SHUTOFF SYSTEM [SEP] [abstract] A fuel control system that has a fuel control device to control the flow of fuel to a carburetor of an internal combustion engine. The fuel control device includes a control member that is movable between a first position and a second position to control the flow of fuel into a carburetor. When a kill switch within the fuel control system is closed, induced current from a primary ignition coil within the internal combustion engine is fed through an electromagnetic coil, causing the fuel flow control device to interrupt the supply of fuel to the carburetor. Thus, when an operator desires to stop the internal combustion engine, the kill switch closes and the fuel control device interrupts the supply of fuel to the carburetor to prevent backfires.
|
['F02P500']
|
abstract
|
12,638,037
|
[description] Referring now to FIG. 1, generally designated at 10 is one embodiment of an ergonomic receptacle having a monolithic viscoelastic skin of the present invention. The ergonomic receptacle 10 includes a vessel generally designated 12. The vessel 12 includes upstanding sidewalls 14 and an included bottom wall 16. The sidewalls 14 and bottom wall 16 define a mouth generally designated 18, near the top of the vessel 12, and a chamber generally designated 20, internal to the vessel 12 and in communication with the mouth 18. As will be readily appreciated, an ailment, not shown, may be received and dispensed through the mouth 18 and contained in the chamber 20 of the vessel 12. Although the vessel 12 is shown with a generally U-shaped profile, it will be appreciated that it could be otherwise shaped in accord with the dictates of usage and design. The vessel 12 includes an outwardly extending collar generally designated 22 carried about its mouth 18. The outwardly extending collar 22 is attached to the top of the vessel 12, although it could be integrally formed therewith out departing from the inventive concepts. The collar 22 has threads 24 provided about its top end and an outwardly extending shoulder generally designated 26 provided about its bottom end. The threads 24 receive in well-known manner a lid, not shown. A monolithic viscoelastic skin generally designated 28 is provided about the outside of the vessel 12. The viscoelastic skin 28 has an upstanding annular sidewall 30 and an included bottom wall 32 that define a bag that is adapted to capture the vessel 12 in such a way that the sidewall 30 and bottom wall 32 of the viscoelastic skin 28 fit over and are in contacting relation with the sidewall 14 and bottom wall 16 of the vessel 12. The confronting top and bottom edges of the viscoelastic skin 28 and shoulder 26 of the collar 22 are bonded and lap joined as illustrated generally at 34. The monolithic viscoelastic skin 28 exhibits no flow when in steady-state, is soft to the touch and viscoelastically flows to take a negative imprint of a hand gripping the receptacle 10 by displacing the viscoelastic skin between the hand and confronting surface of the vessel 12 to allow the hand to comfortably and securely grasp the confronting wall 14 of the vessel 12, and returns towards its condition of undeformed equilibrium when released. Referring now to FIG. 2, generally designated at 50 is another embodiment of an ergonomic receptacle having a monolithic viscoelastic skin of the present invention. The ergonomic receptacle 50 includes a vessel generally designated 52. The vessel 52 includes an upstanding annular sidewall 54 and an included bottom wall 56. The sidewall 54 and bottom wall 56 define a mouth generally designated 58, near the top of the vessel 52, and a chamber generally designated 60, internal to the vessel 52 and in communication with the mouth 58. As will be readily appreciated, an ailment, not shown, may be received and dispensed through the mouth 58 and contained in the chamber 60 of the vessel 52. Although the vessel 52 is shown with a generally U-shaped annular profile, it will be appreciated that it could be otherwise shaped in accord with the dictates of usage and design. The vessel 52 includes an outwardly extending collar generally designated 62 carried about its mouth 58. The outwardly extending collar 62 is attached to the top of the vessel 52, although it could be integrally formed therewith out departing from the inventive concepts. The collar 62 has threads 64 provided about its top end and an outwardly extending annular shoulder generally designated 66 provided about its bottom end. The threads 64 receive in well-known manner a lid, not shown. A monolithic viscoelastic skin generally designated 68 is provided about the outside of the vessel 12. The viscoelastic skin 68 has an upstanding annular sidewall 70 and an annular bottom toe portion 72 that define a sleeve that is adapted to capture the vessel 52 in such a way that the sidewall 70 of the viscoelastic skin 68 fits over and is in contacting relation with the sidewall 54 of the vessel 52. The confronting top and bottom edges of the viscoelastic skin 68 and shoulder 66 of the collar 62 are bonded and lap-joined as illustrated generally at 74. The monolithic viscoelastic skin 68 exhibits no flow when in steady-state, is soft to the touch and viscoelastically flows to take a negative imprint of a hand gripping the receptacle 50 by displacing the viscoelastic skin 68 between the hand and confronting surface of the vessel 52 to allow the hand to comfortably and securely grasp the confronting wall 54 of the vessel 52, and returns towards its condition of undeformed equilibrium when released. The viscoelastic skin, whether monolithic or composite, bag- or sleevelike, described herein of any ergonomic receptacle having a viscoelastic skin in accord with the present invention, may be made translucent or transparent. Because the viscoelastic skin of any ergonomic receptacle having a viscoelastic skin in accord with the present invention viscoelastically flows to take a negative imprint of a hand gripping the receptacle by displacing the viscoelastic skin between the hand and confronting surface of the vessel, to allow the hand to comfortably and securely grasp the confronting wall of the vessel, the outside surface of the vessel may be advantageously textured and/or patterned with decorative or information bearing features. For translucent or transparent viscoelastic skins, the decorative or information bearing features provide a desired aesthetic appearance and/or may be imprinted with a logo or other advertising material. When the outside surface of the vessel is textured, the texture provided may help to stabilize the grip, helping to prevent or eliminate slippage and spillage as the skin displaces allowing the hand to contact the confronting textured features of the surface of the vessel. FIG. 3 shows in the FIG. 3A thereof vessel 90 textured with an exemplary
|
['B65D800' 'A47G1922' 'B65D2500' 'B65D8500']
|
detailed_description
|
12,102,702
|
[invention] 1.0 Field of the Invention This invention relates to a database management system; and in particular, this invention relates to replicating data in a database management system. 2.0 Description of the Related Art Database management systems allow large volumes of data to be stored and accessed efficiently and conveniently in a computer system. In a database management system, data is stored in database tables which organize the data into rows and columns. FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary database table 20 which has rows 22 and columns 24 . To more quickly access the data in a database table, an index may be generated based on one or more specified columns of the database table. In a relational database management system, specified columns are used to associate tables with each other. The database management system responds to user commands to store and access the data. The commands are typically Structured Query Language statements such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE, to select, insert, update and delete, respectively, the data in the rows and columns. The SQL statements typically conform to a SQL standard as published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) or the International Standards Organization (ISO). Departments within an enterprise may have their own database management systems, typically at different sites. An enterprise typically wants to share data throughout the enterprise. A technique called replication is used to share data among multiple database management systems. A replication system manages multiple copies of data at one or more sites, which allows the data to be shared. Data may be replicated synchronously or asynchronously. In synchronous data replication, a two-phase commit technique is used. In a two-phase commit, a transaction is applied only if all interconnected distributed sites agree to accept the transaction. Typically all hardware components and networks in the replication system must be available at all times in for synchronous replication. Asynchronous data replication allows data to be replicated, at least on a limited basis, and thus allows for system and network failures. In one type of asynchronous replication system, referred to as primary-target, all database changes originate at the primary database and are replicated to the target databases. In another type of replication system, referred to as update-anywhere, updates to each database are applied at all other databases of the replication system. An insert, update or delete to the tables of a database is a transactional event. A transaction comprises one or more transactional events that are treated as a unit. A commit is another type of transactional event which indicates the end of a transaction and causes the database to be changed in accordance with any inserts, updates or deletes associated with the transaction. In some database management systems, a log writer updates a log as transactional events occur. Each transactional event is associated with an entry in the log. Each entry in the log is associated with a value representing a log position. When a replication system is used, a user typically specifies the types of transactional events which cause data to be replicated. In addition, the user typically specifies the data which will be replicated, such as certain columns or an entire row of a table. In some embodiments, the log writer of the database management system marks certain transactional events for replication in accordance with the specified types of transactional events. The replication system reads the log, retrieves the marked transactional events, and transmits the transactional events to one or more specified target servers. The target server applies the transactional events to the replicated table(s) on the target server. Typically, there are many events in a database management system that are processed asynchronously which also need to adhere to order. In replication processing, since transactional events are usually posted in parallel by multiple users of the database, it is difficult to maintain the linear order of the posting of the events without processing the events serially. Therefore, there is a need for a technique to maintain order. In addition, the technique should also maintain order while allowing events to be processed, if possible, in parallel.
|
['G06F1730']
|
background
|
12,023,801
|
[description] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating one or more preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings: FIGS. 1A and 1B are graphs illustrating that B2A2 enhances BMP-2 induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in C3H10T½ cells. FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating that B2A2 enhances the activity of recombinant human BMP-2 obtained from CHO cell and E. coli commercial production methods. FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating that the synergistic effect of B2A2 was specific to BMP-2. FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the induction of ALP activity despite the temporal separation of the addition of B2A2 and BMP-2 to the C2C12 cell line. FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating that B2A2-coated surfaces enhanced BMP-2 activity. Surfaces of a variety of compositions were first coated with silyl heparin under sterile conditions in tissue culture dishes (a 1% solution in acid ethanol incubated 30 min at 37° C., rinsed with H2O, dried at 56° C.). FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the relative density from radiographic image analysis from athymic rats implanted at 3 weeks. FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the relative number of L6 cells in culture after treatment with cytotoxic agents or B2A2-K—NS. FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the induction of osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells with varying concentrations of B2A2-K—NS in the presence and absence of BMP-2. FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the area of explants excised from an area implanted with matrigel containing B2A2-K—NK analog with and without BMP-2. FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating Alcian staining of chondrogenic pathway proteins in C3H10T½ cells whose expression was stimulated by B2A2-K—NS treatment. FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating the induction of osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells by B2A7-K—NS in the presence and absence of suboptimal concentration of BMP-2. FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating the specific binding between a compound of the present invention and BMP-2 Receptor. FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating the synergistic action of BMP-2 and B2A2 binding to BMP-2 receptor.
|
['A61L2754' 'A61K3817' 'A61P1908' 'C07K14475']
|
detailed_description
|
12,648,891
|
[description] The present invention relates to a nutritional composition comprising: a) EPA, DHA and ARA, wherein the content of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 and 22 carbon atoms does not exceed 85 wt. % of the total fat content; and b) at least two distinct oligosaccharides, wherein the two distinct oligosaccharides have a homology in monose units below 90%. This composition can be advantageously used in a method for stimulating intestinal barrier integrity, said method comprising administering to a mammal said composition. In a further aspect the present invention provides the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the manufacture of a composition for use in a method for the treatment of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), said method comprising administering to said patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) a composition comprising: a. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), wherein the content of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid with 20 and 22 carbon atoms does not exceed 85 wt. % of the total fat content; and b. at least two distinct oligosaccharides (OL1 and OL2), wherein the two distinct oligosaccharides have a homology in monose units below 90%. A particular embodiment of the treatment of a patient infected with HIV is the nutritional treatment. Other embodiments of the present invention are the use of the composition defined above in a method for providing nutrition to patient infected with HIV, said method comprising administering to said patient infected with HIV said composition and also the use of the composition defined above in a method for stimulating intestinal barrier integrity in a patient infected with HIV, said method comprising administering to said patient infected with HIV said composition. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids The present inventors surprisingly found that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, n-6) effectively reduce intestinal tight junction permeability. GLA (n-6) also effectively reduces barrier permeability. Hence the present composition, which is particularly suitable for improving intestinal barrier integrity, comprises EPA, DHA and ARA optionally combined with GLA. The present inventors found that selected LC-PUFA's, were effective in reducing tight junction permeability (see Examples vs. Usami et al). The content of LC-
|
['A61K3800' 'A61K31702']
|
detailed_description
|
11,940,597
|
[description] A series of oxime-containing macrocyclic acyl guanidines having the Formula (I) or a stereoisomer; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, n and X as defined below are effective inhibitors of the production of β-amyloid peptide (β-AP) from β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP). The pharmacologic action of these compounds makes them useful for treating conditions responsive to the inhibition of β-AP in a patient; e.g., Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Down's Syndrome. Therapy utilizing administration of these compounds or a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of these compounds to patients suffering from, or susceptible to, these conditions involves reducing β-AP available for accumulation and deposition in brains of these patients.
|
['A61K31395' 'C07D40514' 'A61P2528']
|
detailed_description
|
11,913,485
|
[invention] This invention relates to a rotor for a centrifuge, wherein said rotor is rotatably driven about a rotation axis and consists of two parts, i.e. a central bearing part and a waste collecting part which is provided with a waste collecting area, the waste collecting part is separable from the bearing part for waste disposal or cleaning, the bearing part and the waste collecting part are provided with torque transmitting means which interact with each other in a form-fitting and/or adherence manner and are connectable by axially positioning the waste collecting part on the bearing part and disconnectable by axially removing the waste collecting part from the bearing part. The invention moreover relates to a centrifuge. Centrifuges have been used for decades for a variety of applications and are thus known from practice in many different designs. A rotor with the above specified features is described in the Assignee's older, not prior published German utility model application no. 20 2004 004 215.0. In the rotor described therein, the bearing part comprises one recoil nozzle or a plurality of recoil nozzles for driving the rotor by means of lubricating oil exiting via the nozzle or the nozzles so that the bearing part here forms a drive part of the rotor. With all centrifuges known and used so far, an inside diameter of the rotor is generally centered on an outside diameter of the axis or an outside diameter of a component located between axis and rotor, such as rotor bearing or drive part. To be able to assemble and disassemble a two-part rotor consisting of a bearing part and a waste collecting part, an assembly clearance between the parts of the rotor is required as a rule; at maximum, slight pressing is permissible so that the rotor can still be assembled and disassembled. To save weight and manufacturing costs, it is increasingly aimed at building the rotor as light-weight as possible, for example by using plastic instead of metal. During operation of the centrifuge, a waste collecting part of plastic is subject in particular to the risk of deformation under the effect of centrifugal forces and/or heat. In the rotors known so far, this results in the inside diameter of the waste collecting part becoming larger. Thus, in centrifuge operation, an increasing clearance results in the area of the connection between waste collecting part and bearing part, resulting in an increasing imbalance and thus performance losses of the centrifuge, a reduced bearing life, and in offending noises. Accordingly, it is the objective of this invention to provide a rotor and a centrifuge of the type indicated in the beginning which avoid the disadvantages indicated and, in particular, the occurrence of imbalances in operation, thus ensuring high performance with a good endurance limit and a low operating noise level.
|
['B04B500' 'B04B100']
|
background
|
10,535,352
|
[claim] 1. A method of adjusting a room air in a first room comprising the steps of: adding to the room a nitrogen or a nitrogen-bearing, carbon dioxide-poor gas mixture until the proportion of oxygen in the room air is less than 20.9% by volume and the proportion of carbon dioxide of the room air is less than 1% by volume, and maintaining at least a slight overpressure in the room in relation to an outside atmosphere surrounding the room. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of removing air from the room for reconditioning such that the room air is passed in a circulatory air mode. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein a room air exchange caused by the circulatory air mode in the recreation room is so adjusted that a homogeneous atmosphere prevails in the recreation room. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a proportion of carbon dioxide of the room air is replaced in the circulatory air mode by replacement of a proportion of the room air by carbon dioxide-poor air of the outside atmosphere with a normal proportion of oxygen, wherein the proportion of the room air exchanged in the circulatory air mode is so adjusted that the room air maintains a concentration of carbon dioxide below fixed limit values of up to 0.65% by volume. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of chemically reducing the proportion of carbon dioxide in the circulatory air. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of treating the room air which is passed in the circulatory air mode required by regulated ionisation in such a way that the room air with a low carbon dioxide content and a reduced proportion of oxygen in relation to the outside atmosphere maintains an air quality which does not differ substantially from the quality of the outside atmosphere over a plurality of circulatory air cycles. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of supplementing the room air by mixing the room air with the gas mixture at an overpressure or a reduced pressure. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of supplementing the room air by mixing the room air with the gas mixture is performed in a mixing chamber to which the components of the gas mixture to be mixed are fed at an increased pressure or a reduced pressure in dependence on the desired gas mixture of the mixing chamber. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the gas mixture is mixed from air of the outside atmosphere and nitrogen. 10. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of measuring and adjusting at least one of the properties of the circulatory air such as air humidity, air temperature or the like in a regulated fashion. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-bearing gas mixture is produced by air separation of air provided from the room air by means of a separation installation. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-bearing gas mixture is produced by air separation of ambient air. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein an oxygen-enriched gas mixture having a proportion of oxygen of more than 21% by volume is produced in the air separation operation and is added to a second room so that the room air in the second room has an oxygen content which is increased in relation to the ambient air. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the room air with the increased oxygen content in the second room is treated as set forth in one of claims 1 to 10. 15. A recreation room comprising: a floor and a ceiling separated by at least one wall and forming a room, the room being filled with room air and being adapted to hold at least a slight overpressure in relation to an outside atmosphere surrounding the recreation room, at least for a short period of time, wherein the recreation room is communicated by way of an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening to a room air installation which is adapted to adjust the room air in the recreation room so that its oxygen partial pressure is lower than the oxygen partial pressure of the outside atmosphere. 16. A recreation room comprising: a floor and a ceiling separated by at least one wall and forming a room, the room being filled with room air and being adapted to hold at least a slight overpressure in relation to an outside atmosphere surrounding the recreation room, at least for a short period of time, wherein the recreation room is communicated by way of an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening to a room air installation which is adapted to adjust the room air in the recreation room so that its oxygen partial pressure is greater than the oxygen partial pressure of the outside atmosphere. 17. An air circulation system comprising: a first and a second recreation room; connected to a common room air installation by which the respective room air for each of the recreation rooms is to be treated separately in a circulatory air mode wherein the common room air installation comprises an air separation unit for separating ambient air into a first gas mixture with a proportion of oxygen which is reduced in relation to the ambient air and a second gas mixture with a proportion of oxygen which is increased in relation to the ambient air; wherein the room air installation is adapted to combine the first gas mixture with the room air from the first room and recirculate the combined air back to the first room, and to combine the second gas mixture with the room air from the second room and recirculate the combined air back to the second room. 18. A room air installation for a recreation room as set forth in claim 15, the room air installation comprising: a circulatory air passage; and a pump
|
['F24F1100']
|
claim
|
11,670,611
|
[invention] Life forms generally strive to maintain a chemical environment within their cells that is beneficial to and supports various critical biochemical processes. External factors can create biochemical disturbances and can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage cell components, such as lipids and DNA. In particular, external factors may cause so called “oxidative stress,” a disturbance in the normal redox state within the cell. A particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress is the production of reactive oxygen species (“ROS”), which include free radicals and peroxides. Some of the less reactive of these species can be converted by oxidoreduction reactions with transition metals into more aggressive radical species that can cause extensive cellular damage. Most of these oxygen-derived species are produced at a low level by normal aerobic metabolism and the damage they cause to cells is constantly repaired. However, under the severe levels of oxidative stress that cause necrosis, the damage causes ATP depletion, preventing controlled apoptotic death and causing the cell to simply fall apart. Oxidative stress has been the subject of much research, and various extrinsic factors have been postulated as having an influence on the level of oxidative stress in cells. For example, it is believed that prolonged exposure to UV radiation can trigger or accentuate the formation of damaging ROS. Clearly it is desirable to find ways to detect and to reduce the level of oxidative stress within the body. However, conventional methods for assessing the effects of oxidative stress on skin involve invasive methods for harvesting skin cells (such as via skin biopsy), costly clinical studies, or invasive methods of collecting viable cells. Conventional in vitro methods attempt to assess oxidative stress by simulating the effects of external aggressions on “cultured” cells obtained in various manners, and thus measure effects that do not capture a complete biological response. Furthermore, conventional methods typically attempt to quantify the content of an antioxidant in the removed cells or measurements via the use of expensive and complex instrumentation, such as high performance liquid chromatography. These instruments are cumbersome, not easily transported, expensive, require extensive training to use, and are have poor sensitivity of detection. Thus, applicants have observed that the teachings of the prior art provide neither (a) topical compositions that provide a high level of protection from oxidative stress nor (b) a simple, inexpensive, reliable, non-invasive, and/or more complete means of assessing the ability of biological systems to respond to oxidative stress. Accordingly, it would be desirable to overcome one or more of the above-mentioned drawbacks.
|
['A61K800' 'C12Q102']
|
background
|
12,558,313
|
Methods of Inducing Weight Loss [SEP] [abstract] This invention provides a method for inducing weight loss in an animal by administering to the animal a compound which reduces the expression and/or secretion of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The effect may be accomplished directly, indirectly, or humorally. Preferably, administration of this compound has the effect of increasing malonyl CoA levels in the animal. Compounds administered according to this invention may be inhibitors of fatty acid synthase (FAS), including substituted α-methylene-β-carboxyl-γ-butyrolactones, or inhibitors of malonyl Coenzyme A decarboxylase (MCD). Preferably, the compound is administered in an amount sufficient to reduce the amount and/or duration of expression and/or secretion of NPY to levels at or below those observed for lean animals. In another preferred embodiment, the administration will reduce expression and/or secretion to levels observed for fed or satiated animals; more preferably, administration will reduce the level of NPY below that of fed animals. In a particular embodiment, this invention provides a method for inducing weight loss in an animal by administering a compound which inhibits feeding behavior in the animal. The method is particularly useful for inducing weight loss in animals deficient in expression of the hormone leptin or animals resistant to the action of leptin.
|
['A61K31365' 'C12Q168' 'A61K31336']
|
abstract
|
11,548,163
|
Generating digital terrain models representing sub-stratum surfaces [SEP] [abstract] Integrated computing systems and methods for applying sub-surface material location and composition information to engineering plans for designing, e.g., highways and other roadways, are provided. Utilizing the described systems and methods, surfaces, such as highways, may be more efficiently designed in a timely fashion, requiring less format conversion for inputs and outputs to be compatible throughout the design process. Additionally, adjustments for changes in alignments for the desired surfaces are more easily taken into account than in conventional design systems, permitting quicker design corrections and more accurate results.
|
['G01V338' 'G06F1900']
|
abstract
|
11,465,176
|
[summary] A solution for forming a polishing slurry, the polishing slurry and related methods are disclosed. The solution for forming a polishing slurry may include 1 H-benzotriazole (BTA) dissolved in an ionic surfactant such as a sodium alkyl sulfate solution, and perhaps, a polyelectrolyte such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) solution. The solution can be filtered and used in a polishing slurry. This approach to solubilizing BTA results in a high BTA concentration in a polishing slurry without addition of foreign components to the slurry or increased safety hazard. In addition, the solution is easier to ship because it is very stable (e.g., can be frozen and thawed) and has less volume compared to conventional approaches. Further, the polishing slurry performance is vastly improved due to the removal of particles that can cause scratching. A first aspect of the invention provides a solution for use in forming a polishing slurry, the solution comprising: 1 H-benzotriazole (BTA) dissolved in an ionic surfactant solution. A second aspect of the invention provides a method of forming a solution for use in forming a polishing slurry, the method comprising: obtaining 1 H-benzotriazole (BTA); and dissolving the BTA in an ionic surfactant solution to form the solution. A third aspect of the invention provides a polishing slurry comprising: a first solution including 1 H-benzotriazole (BTA) dissolved in an ionic surfactant solution; and a second aqueous slurry solution. A fourth aspect of the invention provides a method of forming a polishing slurry, the method comprising: obtaining a first solution including 1 H-benzotriazole (BTA) dissolved in an ionic surfactant solution; and adding the first solution to a slurry solution to form the polishing slurry. The illustrative aspects of the present invention are designed to solve the problems herein described and/or other problems not discussed.
|
['C09K1300' 'C09K1306' 'H01L21461']
|
summary
|
12,179,603
|
[summary] An object of the present invention is to provide a technique to connect a plurality of network switching devices, which switch data on the basis of network layer addresses, and to operate as a single network switching device in an efficient manner. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a network switching system configured by connecting a plurality of network switching devices which operates virtually as a single network switching device. In the network switching system according to the first aspect, each of the plurality of network switching devices comprises: an address range storage that stores a handling address range pre-assigned as a range of network layer address, the switching device itself being responsible to associate between the network layer address within the handling address range and a target transport destination device; a data receiving unit that receives lower transport layer data including: a destination network layer address which represents a network layer address specifying a destination in the network layer; and a destination lower transport layer identifier which is a lower transport layer identifier specifying a destination in a lower transport layer below the network layer; an assigned data transport unit that, if received data received by the data receiving unit is the lower transport layer data including the destination lower transport layer identifier specifying the switching device itself and if the destination network layer address is an assigned address assigned to the switching device itself, generates lower transport layer data including a corresponding identifier as the lower transport layer identifier of the target transport destination device corresponding to the destination network layer address, and transports the generated lower transport layer data on the basis of the corresponding identifier; an unassigned data transport unit that, if the received data includes the destination lower transport layer identifier specifying the switching device itself and if the destination network layer address is an unassigned address not assigned to the switching device itself, transports the lower transport layer data to another switching device among the plurality of network switching devices to which the unassigned address is assigned, while setting the lower transport layer identifier of the another switching device to the destination lower transport layer identifier; and a lower transport layer transport unit that, if the received data includes the destination lower transport layer identifier specifying a device different from the switching device itself, transports the received data on the basis of the destination lower transport layer identifier. With the network switching system according to the first aspect, individual network switching devices forwards received data as needed based on the destination network layer address, and in the network switching device to which the destination network layer address is assigned, lower transport layer data including a corresponding identifier, which is the lower transport layer identifier of the target destination device associated with the destination network layer address, is generated. In layers below the network layer, the lower transport layer data so generated is forwarded on the basis of the corresponding identifier. Typically, in layers below the network layer, the destination is directly identified by the lower transport layer identifier. For this reason, during transport of data in a network switching system, it is sufficient for each individual network switching device to keep information representing associations between a network layer addresses and target destination devices exclusively for the assigned address to be assigned to itself. Consequently, a memory resource belonging to individual network switching devices may be utilized efficiently throughout the network switching system as a whole, and more routing information may be kept in the network switching system as a whole. The network switching system according to the first aspect may be configured so that the lower transport layer transport unit is adapted to carry out transport of the lower transport layer data using the data link layer or an intermediate layer between the data link layer and the network layer as the lower transport layer, the data receiving unit receives lower transport layer data including at least one of a destination data link layer address representing a destination in the data link layer and a destination intermediate layer identifier representing a destination in the intermediate layer as the destination transport layer identifier, if the target transport destination device is a transport destination for data in the intermediate layer, the assigned data transport unit generates as the lower transport layer data intermediate layer data including the destination intermediate layer identifier as the corresponding identifier, if the target transport destination device is not a transport destination for data in the intermediate layer, the assigned data transport unit generates as the lower transport layer data link layer data including the destination data link layer address as the corresponding identifier, the lower transport layer transport unit has: an intermediate layer transport unit that, if the received data includes the destination intermediate layer identifier, transports the received data on the basis of the destination intermediate layer identifier; and a data link layer transport unit that, if the received data does not include the destination intermediate layer identifier, transports the received data on the basis of the destination data link layer address, and if the destination lower transport layer identifier is the intermediate layer identifier, the intermediate layer transport unit generates lower transport layer data not including the intermediate layer identifier. With this arrangement, lower transport layer data may be transported either through the data link layer as the lower transport layer, or through an intermediate layer between the data link layer and the network layer as the lower transport layer. Where the target destination device is a destination in the intermediate layer, intermediate layer data in which the intermediate layer identifier is the destination lower transport layer identifier may be forwarded by way of the lower transport layer data. On the other hand, where the target destination device is not a destination in the intermediate layer, data link layer data in which the data link layer identifier is the destination lower transport layer
|
['H04L1256']
|
summary
|
12,412,649
|
[summary] This invention pertains to a new type of high performance polymer membranes prepared from aromatic polyimide membranes by thermal treating and UV crosslinking and methods for making and using these membranes. The high performance polymer membranes described in the current invention are prepared from aromatic polyimide membranes by thermal treating under inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen, argon or vacuum) followed by UV crosslinking using a UV radiation source. The aromatic polyimide membranes described in the current invention were made from aromatic polyimide polymers comprising both UV cross-linkable functional groups in the polymer backbone and pendent hydroxy functional groups ortho to the heterocyclic imide nitrogen. The novel high performance polymer membranes prepared from aromatic polyimide membranes by thermal treating and UV crosslinking showed significantly improved selectivity and permeability for gas separations compared to the aromatic polyimide membranes without any treatment. It is believed that the improvement obtained in both selectivity and permeability after thermal treating and UV crosslinking is not only related to the reaction between the heterocyclic imide groups and the pendent hydroxy groups ortho to the heterocyclic imide nitrogen, but also related to the formation of three dimensional crosslinked network structures due to the crosslinking of the polymer chain segments to each other through possible direct covalent bonds. The high performance polymer membranes of the present invention overcome the problems of the prior art polymer membranes with the advantages of high selectivity, high permeability (or permeation), high thermal stability, and stable flux and sustained selectivity over time by resistance to solvent swelling, plasticization and hydrocarbon contaminants. The present invention provides a method for the production of the high performance polymer membrane by: 1) preparing an aromatic polyimide polymer membrane from an aromatic polyimide polymer comprising pendent hydroxy groups ortho to the heterocyclic imide nitrogen and UV crosslinkable functional groups (e.g., carbonyl group) in the polymer backbone; 2) thermal treating the aromatic polyimide polymer membrane by heating between 300° and 600° C. under inert atmosphere, such as argon, nitrogen, or vacuum; and 3) UV crosslinking the thermal-treated aromatic polyimide polymer membrane from step 2) by UV radiation. In some cases a membrane post-treatment step can be added after step 3) by coating the selective layer surface of the both thermal-treated and UV-treated aromatic polyimide polymer membrane with a thin layer of high permeability material such as a polysiloxane, a fluoro-polymer, a thermally curable silicone rubber, or a UV radiation curable epoxy silicone. The new high performance polymer membranes prepared from aromatic polyimide membranes by thermal treating and UV crosslinking in the present invention can have either a nonporous symmetric structure or an asymmetric structure with a thin nonporous dense selective layer supported on top of a porous support layer. The new high performance polymer membranes of the present invention be fabricated into any convenient geometry such as flat sheet (or spiral wound), disk, tube, hollow fiber, or thin film composite. The invention provides a process for separating at least one gas or liquid from a mixture of gases or liquids using the polymer membranes prepared from aromatic polyimide membranes by thermal treating and UV crosslinking described in the present invention, the process comprising: (a) providing a polymer membrane prepared from an aromatic polyimide membrane by thermal treating and UV crosslinking which is permeable to said at least one gas or liquid; (b) contacting the mixture on one side of the polymer membrane prepared from the aromatic polyimide membrane by thermal treating and UV crosslinking to cause said at least one gas or liquid to permeate the membrane; and (c) removing from the opposite side of the membrane a permeate gas or liquid composition comprising a portion of said at least one gas or liquid which permeated said membrane. The novel high performance polymer membranes prepared from aromatic polyimide membranes by thermal treating and UV crosslinking showed dramatically improved selectivities and permeabilities for a wide range of separations such as for CO 2 /CH 4 , H 2 /CH 4 , O 2 /N 2 and propylene/propane separations. For example, the new polymer membrane prepared from thermal treating and UV crosslinking of the poly[3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride-2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane] (poly(BTDA-APAF)) polyimide membrane showed CO 2 permeability (P CO2 ) of 220 Barrer and CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity (α CO2 /CH 4 ) of 48.4 for CO 2 /CH 4 separation compared to the untreated poly(BTDA-APAF)) polyimide membrane with P CO2 of 5.92 Barrer and α CO2/CH4 of 32.5. The new high performance polymer membranes of the present invention are not only suitable for a variety of liquid, gas, and vapor separations such as desalination of water by reverse osmosis, non-aqueous liquid separation such as deep desulfurization of gasoline and diesel fuels, ethanol/water separations, pervaporation dehydration of aqueous/organic mixtures, CO 2 /CH 4 , CO 2 /N 2 , H 2 /CH 4 , O 2 /N 2 , H 2 S/CH 4 , olefin/paraffin, iso/normal paraffins separations, and other light gas mixture separations, but also can be used for other applications such as for catalysis and fuel cell applications.
|
['B01D5322' 'B01D3916' 'B01D6102' 'C08G7310']
|
summary
|
12,455,930
|
[claim] 1. A method for fusing images, comprising: capturing at least two frames of images having different intensity values under different exposure time in the same scene; and fusing the images having different intensity values according to an intensity mapping relation defined by each two frames of images in the images having different intensity values, and obtaining a fused image, wherein the intensity mapping relation represents a corresponding relation between an intensity value of a pixel location in a bright image and an intensity value of a pixel location at a corresponding position in a dark image. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: calculating an intensity mapping function f(x) between each two frames of images according to an intensity histogram and an intensity cumulative histogram of each frame of image, wherein x represents the intensity value of the pixel location in the bright image, f(x) represents the intensity value of the pixel location at the corresponding position in the dark image, each group of x and f(x) is referred to as a mapping pair, and a value obtained by subtracting f(x) from x is referred to as a mapping difference; and determining a mapping pair and using the determined mapping pair as the intensity mapping relation. 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: obtaining intensity information by making statistics on the intensity histogram of each frame of image; and adjusting a reference exposure time and an exposure dynamic time according to the intensity information, and calculating exposure time of each frame of image for a next capturing according to the reference exposure time and the exposure dynamic time. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the adjusting the reference exposure time and the exposure dynamic time according to the intensity information comprises: adjusting the reference exposure time to make the intensity information fall into a preset threshold value range; adjusting an exposure time dynamic value according to the mapping relation; keeping the exposure time dynamic value constant, and adjusting the reference exposure time into a preset threshold value range; judging whether a dynamic range is changed or not in a fixed period, and re-adjusting the reference exposure time until the reference exposure time is within the preset threshold value range if the dynamic range is changed, wherein the dynamic range is ratio of a brightest part to a darkest part of an image; and judging whether a scene intensity is changed or not if the dynamic range is not changed, keeping the exposure time dynamic value constant and adjusting the reference exposure time into the preset threshold value range if the scene intensity is changed, and waiting for a next period and judging whether the dynamic range is changed or not if the scene intensity is not changed. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the fusing the images having different intensity values according to the intensity mapping relation between each two frames of images, and obtaining the fused image comprises: calculating an intensity value of each frame of the mapped image according to the determined mapping pair and calculating a fusing weight of each frame of image according to the determined mapping pair; and fusing a plurality of frames of images by the intensity value of each frame of mapped image and the corresponding fusing weight of each frame of image, and obtaining the fused image. 6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the fusing the images having different intensity values according to the intensity mapping relation between each two frames of images, and obtaining the fused image comprises: calculating an intensity value of each frame of the mapped image according to the determined mapping pair and calculating a fusing weight of each frame of image according to the determined mapping pair; and fusing a plurality of frames of images by the intensity value of each frame of mapped image and the corresponding fusing weight of each frame of image, and obtaining the fused image. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fusing the images having different intensity values according to the intensity mapping relation between each two frames of images, and obtaining the fused image comprises: calculating an intensity value of each frame of the mapped image according to the determined mapping pair and calculating a fusing weight of each frame of image according to the determined mapping pair; and fusing a plurality of frames of images by the intensity value of each frame of mapped image and the corresponding fusing weight of each frame of image, and obtaining the fused image. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: performing an intensity enhancement for the fused image. 9. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: performing an intensity enhancement for the fused image. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the performing the intensity enhancement for the fused image comprises: proportionally scaling down an intensity channel of the fused image, performing a bilateral filtering, superposing the scaled-down fused image and the image after the bilateral filtering, and obtaining a new fused image, wherein an intensity of the new fused image is stronger than the intensity of the scaled one. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the performing the intensity enhancement for the fused image comprises: proportionally scaling down an intensity channel of the fused image, performing a bilateral filtering, superposing the scaled-down fused image and the image after the bilateral filtering, and obtaining a new fused image, wherein an intensity of the new fused image is stronger than the intensity of the scaled one. 12. A system for fusing images, comprising: a capturing module adapted to capture at least two frames of images having different intensity values under different exposure time in the same scene; and a fusing module adapted to fuse the images having different intensity values according to an intensity mapping relation defined by each two frames of images in the images having different intensity values, and obtain a fused image,
|
['G09G500' 'G06K900']
|
claim
|
11,212,546
|
[description] Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying Figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout. The terminology used in the description presented herein is not intended to be interpreted in any limited or restrictive manner, simply because it is being utilized in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include several novel features, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes or which is essential to practicing the inventions herein described. FIG. 1 is a diagram of a filtering and sterilizing system 120 connected to sterilize water from a fish pond 110. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the fish pond sterilizing system 120 draws water from the fish pond 110, filters and treats the water to remove waste 104, and returns at least a portion of the water to the fish pond 110. The fish pond 110 may be outside or placed within a building or other enclosed structure. In one embodiment, for example, the fish pond 110 is an open air, closed-system container of water. The fish pond 110 may be home to a plurality of live organisms 102, including fish, crawdads, mud puppies, frogs, turtles, shrimps, or any other vertebrate or invertebrate animals suited to live at least partially in an aquatic environment. The organisms 102 generate waste 104, which may be partially semi-solid biological waste material. Waste 104 shall be herein understood to also include other material that may be found in the fish pond 110, such as leaves, vegetable matter, dirt, or insects, for example. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the fish pond sterilizing system 120 comprises a filter 122 that is positioned and adapted to screen out larger waste particles, such as those that may be larger than about ⅛″. The exemplary sterilizing system 120 also includes a pump 124 and a UV sterilizer 126. The pump 124 is configured to displace water from the fish pond 110 and discharge the pond water into the filter 122. The pump 124 may comprise any one of a plurality of water pumps that are well known in the art. The UV sterilizer 126 comprises an opening for receiving the water that has been filtered by the filter 122 and an opening for returning the water to the fish pond 110. As described below, the UV sterilizer 126 may advantageously comprise one or more modular UV sterilizers that can be arranged in multiple configurations. The pond sterilizing system 120 is exemplary and is not intended as limiting of the configurations of similar sterilizing systems. For example, in another sterilizing system, the sterilizer 122 may not be included. In other embodiments, additional sterilizers and pumps may also be included. Additionally, while the UV sterilizers discussed herein are described with respect to an exemplary fish pond, they are intended for use with any body of water, such as ornamental bodies of water with, or without, fish, and may be used in any suitable sterilizing systems. FIG. 2 is a side view of an exemplary UV sterilizer 200 having a longitudinal body 230, a first end 240, and a second end 250. In one embodiment, one or more UV emitters, such as UV lamps, are positioned inside the longitudinal body 230 of the UV sterilizer 200. In an advantageous embodiment, the UV sterilizer 200 comprises a first coupling mechanism 210 and a second coupling mechanism 220, wherein each of the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 are configured to couple with another sterilizer, such as another UV sterilizer similar to the ultraviolet sterilizer 200. When the sterilizer 200 is coupled with an additional sterilizer via one or more of the coupling mechanisms 210, 220, the sterilizing efficiency of the sterilizer combination may be improved. As described in further detail below, due to the configurability of the coupling mechanisms 210, 220, multiple UV sterilizers 200 may be combined in various configurations. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 each comprise a hollow cylinder having threads on a portion of the exterior surface. In one embodiment, one of the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 couples with a water intake, such as from a pond, while the other coupling mechanism 210, 220 couples with a water output, such as tubing that returns the sterilized water to the pond or to another sterilizer, for example. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the UV sterilizer 200 comprises a first portion 252 and a second portion 254 that are coupled with a rotatable coupling 260. In an advantageous embodiment, the rotatable coupling 260 allows the first and second portions 252, 254 to be rotated so that the relative orientations of the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 may be adjusted. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 are oriented in the same direction (downward in the drawing of FIG. 2). However, the rotatable coupling 260 allows the first and second portions 252, 254 to be rotated with respect to one another so that the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 are oriented in different directions. For example, the first portion 252 may be rotated approximately 90 degrees so that the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 are oriented in perpendicular directions. Similarly, the first portion 252 may be rotated approximately 180 degrees so that the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 are oriented in opposite directions, e.g., the coupling mechanism 210 may face up while the coupling mechanism 220 remains facing down. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the first and second portions 252, 254 may be rotated in other amounts so that the axes of the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 are separated by between 0-360 degrees. As described in further detail below, because the coupling mechanisms 210, 220 are rotatable with respect to one another, additional sterilizers may be coupled to the sterilizer 200 so that the combination of sterilizers takes on countless configurations (see FIGS. 6-8, for example). In one embodiment,
|
['A61L208']
|
detailed_description
|
11,651,659
|
[claim] 1. A fishing weight comprising of: (a) a piece of alcryn or similar rubber material the shape of a sphere that is used as a weight when fishing and (b) anti-snag means for preventing said weight from getting caught in the rocks when made with above material and (c) a swivel made of brass embedded into the body of said weight which is used to attach a fishing line to the weight.
|
['A01K9500']
|
claim
|
11,242,870
|
[summary] An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device which makes both an increase in the number of functions of a system and an increase in the density of mounted elements through reduction in size possible. Thus, the present invention provides a semiconductor device, comprising: a flexible substrate; at least one semiconductor element; at least one electrode for external connection, the element and the electrode being formed on a front surface of the flexible substrate; and at least one wire formed on the front surface to electrically connect the element to the electrode, wherein at least a part of the flexible substrate has a curved form. Also, the present invention provides a semiconductor device unit comprising a plurality of semiconductor devices, wherein the semiconductor devices stack one upon another in spiral forms. According to the present invention, a semiconductor device is flexible and, therefore, can be mounted in a limited small space in a compact apparatus, a portable apparatus, a wearable apparatus or the like. Consequently, three-dimensional mounting where the number of functions in a system has been increased and freedom of design is great can be achieved. These and other objects of the present application will become more readily apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
|
['H01L2352']
|
summary
|
11,566,976
|
[summary] Illustrative embodiments provide a computer implemented method, system, and computer usable program code for booting an operating system from a virtual hard disk. A partitioned memory segment is formed within a memory by a preconfigured amount. A boot application is loaded into the partitioned memory segment to form a virtual hard disk. In response to determining that the virtual hard disk contains an operating system, the operating system is booted from the virtual hard disk.
|
['G06F15177' 'G06F1130']
|
summary
|
11,261,094
|
[summary] Some embodiments provide a method of editing images with distortion caused by a camera lens. The method identifies a set of geometries on a set of images taken by the camera lens. The method finds transformations for applying on the set of identified geometries to remove distortion on the geometries. The method applies the transformations to images taken by the camera lens to remove distortions. In some embodiments the identified geometries are curvilinear lines that correspond to straight lines in the scene being captured by the lens. Some embodiments provide a method of matching distortion for adding graphical objects to images. The method first removes the distortion on the images as described above. The method then adds the graphical objects to these images. Finally, the method applies inverse transformations on the images to restore them to their original form.
|
['G06K940' 'G06K936']
|
summary
|
12,490,656
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a semiconductor module configured to seal a semiconductor chip mounted on a substrate using an encapsulation resin. More particularly, the present invention relates to a semiconductor module having a structure for suppressing overflowing of the encapsulation resin from a predetermined region of the substrate when sealing the semiconductor chip with the encapsulation resin. 2. Description of the Related Art Recently, as electronic devices have undergone reduction in thickness and size, needs for reduction in weight and thickness have increased sharply for semiconductor modules constituting the electronic devices. One of semiconductor module mounting methods for satisfying these needs is COB (Chip On Board), which has come into practical use in many fields as is known. Generally, the semiconductor module of COB type is constructed such that a semiconductor chip is mounted and fixed on a substrate on which a wiring pattern has been formed, the semiconductor chip is then connected to a wiring pattern, and the semiconductor chip is then sealed with an encapsulation resin so as to completely cover the semiconductor chip, a gold wire and a bonding connecting portion. Connection of the semiconductor chip to the wiring pattern is established by, for example, wire bonding by a gold wire. As an encapsulation resin, an encapsulation resin having flowability, such as an epoxy resin, is generally used not only for sealing all the parts but also for employing a method of high-yield production such as a dispenser method or a printing method. However, use of an encapsulation resin having flowability, such as an epoxy resin, has a disadvantage that the encapsulation resin flows out to an unintended area, so that a resin region cannot be formed within a certain area. This has been a factor of hindering further reduction in size. For solving the problems described above, various methods were proposed in the past. They include, for example, a method in which a silk dam is formed on the periphery of a chip to provide a bank, a method in which a mold is provided, a resin is poured into the mold, the resin is then cured and the mold is removed, and a method in which a bank-shaped pattern is formed with a solder resist coated on the surface of a substrate to provide a stemming structure. Above all, the method by a solder resist is very effective, since there is no additional cost element and the solder resist can be easily formed in the substrate production process. The structure is discussed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-135685. FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate a schematic diagram of a semiconductor module having the resin stemming structure discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-135685. FIG. 7A is a plan view and FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along line 7 B- 7 B in FIG. 7A . The semiconductor module includes a substrate 601 , a semiconductor chip 607 mounted at a predetermined position on the substrate, a bonding wire 608 connecting the semiconductor chip to a wiring pattern 603 on the substrate, and an encapsulation resin 609 for sealing the semiconductor chip and the bonding wire. The substrate 601 includes an insulating substrate 602 and a wiring pattern 603 thereon, and a solder resist 604 is formed on the tip surface of the wiring pattern. Further, the solder resist 604 is provided with a solder resist annular portion 605 formed so as to surround the semiconductor chip and a connecting portion between the semiconductor chip and the wiring pattern 603 and a solder resist removal portion 606 on areas inside and outside the solder resist annular portion. Namely, by providing the solder resist removal portion, a step shape is formed at the outer edge of the solder resist annular portion, and overflowing of the encapsulation resin is suppressed by a surface tension generated in the step shape portion. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-327851 discusses a construction configured to stem an encapsulation resin with a wiring pattern. However, the construction and production method discussed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-135685 have a disadvantage that in a portion in which a wiring pattern and a solder resist annular portion cross each other and in the vicinity of the portion, an encapsulation resin tends to overflow from the cross portion.
|
['H01L2156']
|
background
|
12,163,187
|
[claim] 1. A system facilitating wireless networking, comprising: a wireless transmitter sending a signal via a channel having a specified width; a sensing and analysis component that determines a value for at least one attribute of at least one of: the wireless signal, or the wireless transmitter; a control component that obtains at least one desired optimization objective; and a dynamic adaptation component that adjusts the channel width of at least one of the wireless transmitter or a wireless receiver based at least in part on at least one of the attributes, or the desired objectives. 2. The system of claim 1, the attributes including at least one of: energy consumption, data rate, loss rate, interference, link condition, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or signal strength. 3. The system of claim 1, the objectives include at least one of: throughput, transmission range, capacity, and energy consumption. 4. The system of claim 1, the dynamic adaptation component further comprising an optimization component that determines an optimum channel width for a wireless transmitter based at least in part on at least one of the attributes, or objectives. 5. The system of claim 4, the optimum channel width is at least one of: a channel width having the greatest throughput, a channel width having the most efficient energy consumption, a channel width with the least energy-per-byte, or a channel width with the longest transmission range 6. The system of claim 4, the optimization component further comprises a probing component that samples other channel widths to determine the optimum channel width. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein a channel having a first bandwidth hosting a plurality of flows is partitioned into a plurality of channels having a second bandwidth in order to increase capacity or decrease interference, and the second bandwidth for each flow being narrower than the first bandwidth. 8. The system of claim 1, the dynamic adaptation component further comprising an implementation component that facilitates adaptive channel width control in wireless transmitters initially having preset channel widths. 9. The system of claim 1, the control component obtains the desired characteristics from at least one of: a policy, a user, an application, or a higher-layer protocol. 10. The system of claim 1, the dynamic adaptation component further comprising a binding component that maintains networking associations when the dynamic adaptation component adjusts the channel width of the wireless transmitter. 11. A method facilitating wireless networking, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal via a channel having a specified width; determining at least one value for at least one characteristic of at least one of: the wireless signal, or the wireless signal transmitter; obtaining at least one optimization objective; and adjusting the channel width based at least in part on at least one of the characteristics, or objectives. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of: the characteristics or the objectives include at least one of: energy consumption, data rate, loss rate, interference, link condition, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal strength, throughput, transmission range, or capacity. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining an optimum channel width for a wireless transmitter based at least in part on at least one of the characteristics, or objectives, wherein the optimum channel width is at least one of: a channel width having the greatest throughput, a channel width having the most efficient energy consumption, a channel width having the least energy per byte, or a channel width having the longest transmission range. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising sampling other channel widths to determine the optimum channel width. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising implementing adaptive channel width control using wireless transmitters intended to have preset channel widths by at least one of: maintaining one or more rate tables that are loaded by the device driver of the wireless transmitter, modifying the slot time to be the same across all channel widths, or adjusting the computation for packet durations according to the different channel widths. 16. The method of claim 11, further comprising splitting a first channel having a first bandwidth hosting multiple conversations into a plurality of channels having a bandwidth that is narrower than the first bandwidth, wherein there is one or more conversations per channel. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising maintaining networking associations when the dynamic adaptation component adjusts the channel width of the wireless transmitter. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the desired objectives are obtained from at least one of: a policy, a user, an application, or a higher-layer protocol. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising selecting the narrowest available channel width when there is no data to transmit. 20. A system facilitating wireless networking, comprising: means for transmitting a wireless signal via a channel having a specified width; means for determining at least one characteristic of at least one of: the wireless signal, or the wireless signal transmitter, wherein the characteristics include at least one of energy consumption, data rate, loss rate, interference, link condition, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or signal strength; means for acquiring at least one network objective from at least one of a policy, a user, an application, or a higher-layer protocol, wherein the network objectives include at least one of throughput, transmission range, capacity, or power consumption; and means for adjusting the channel width based at least in part on at least one of the characteristics, the network objectives, or an optimum channel width, wherein the optimum channel width is determined based at least in part on the characteristics, and is at least one of: a channel width having the greatest throughput, or a channel width having the most efficient energy consumption.
|
['H04W400' 'H04J316']
|
claim
|
11,324,869
|
[invention] Computer networks, such as corporate Local Area Networks (LANs), are vulnerable to being compromised by both unauthorized and authorized clients. Although an unauthorized client poses a clear threat of malice, an authorized client may also compromise the network, for example, if the client is infected with a virus, invaded by spyware or other tracking threat, running software that is not up-to-date, or performing unauthorized actions. This vulnerability is present in both wired and wireless networks. The consequences of such vulnerabilities range in magnitude from the trivial—such as unauthorized clients tapping in to the network for free Internet access, corruption of files, and abuse of bandwidth—to the monumental—such as the large-scale theft of personal and financial information. Efforts have been made to manage computing environments by keeping track of and upgrading computer equipment and various levels of operating systems and applications. To this end, tools exist for auditing a network in order to determine the existence and status of both hardware and software such as the number of systems, the existence of patches, and the versions of software. Such audits can be continuous, for example by use of a daemon. Alternatively, an audit can take just a snapshot of the then-existing state of the network. Such audits can be active, for example by broadcasting queries, or passive, for example by sitting on a network switch and “sniffing,” gathering information from passing network traffic. These efforts, though, do not control access to the network. At best they can identify a problem. Other current preventative measures include software and hardware devices that attempt to control access to the network by, for example, denying access to unauthorized clients, denying access to authorized clients without current software, and denying requests from clients that exceed the client's authority. Existing solutions also include certain standards, such as the IEEE 802.1X standard, designed to enhance the security of networks such as Ethernet, Token Ring, or wireless LANs. Such standards segment unauthenticated clients or network devices to a virtual LAN (VLAN) during the process of authentication, effectively quarantining the unauthorized user. Numerous authentication mechanisms exist, such as token cards, smart cards, certificates, one-time passwords, and public key encryption authentication. While in such a quarantined state, the client has the ability only to send information concerning its identity to an authentication server. Certain other limited solutions exist that are more automated than the above-described solutions. For example, patch management software is available that will automatically check the existing version of a software patch when a client logs on to the network, and install the most current patch if appropriate. Additionally, anti-virus software is available that will automatically check the existing version of a client's anti-virus software upon logon to the network, and update to the current version if necessary. Also, devices and software such as a firewall can eliminate or limit clients' ability to perform certain functions, such as instant messaging, streaming video, or streaming audio. These solutions are costly and insufficient, though, in several ways. For example, they each apply only to one discrete vulnerability of the network. Additionally, an individual network administrator's ad hoc policy decisions may differ from the corporation's stated policy, for example, a network administrator might give a co-worker privileges to download music via the corporate network even though such action is prohibited by corporate policy. Moreover, the above solutions are a patchwork attempt to perform a critical function. There may be both known and unknown holes in the patchwork, exposing the network to threats from all sides. Thus it is desirable to achieve improved overall network security and control.
|
['G06F1214']
|
background
|
11,704,711
|
[summary] In consideration of the several issues discussed above, it is an object of the present invention to facilitate selection of image data for transmission through a prescribed communications network. And it is another object of the present invention to transmit a simple message to a receiver without an additional sheet, when transmitting image data. With the foregoing in view, the image transmission apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention is constituted as follows. The aspect of the invention is an image transmission apparatus for transmitting image data through a prescribed communications network, comprising an input unit that inputs image data; a printing unit that prints an order sheet that has an image designation field for designation of image data for the transmission, from among the input image data; a scanning unit that scans the order sheet that has been filled in by the user; an analyzing unit that analyzes the scanned order sheet and identifies the image data designated by the image designation field on the order sheet; and a transmitting unit that transmits the identified image data to a prescribed recipient. The image transmission apparatus prints out an order sheet having an image designation field that permits designation of image data intended for transmission. Using this order sheet, the user designates certain image data. Once the image transmission apparatus has scanned this order sheet, the image data designated by the order sheet will be transmitted to the prescribed recipient. With the image transmission apparatus configured in this way, it is possible for the user to easily designate image data for transmission, by using the order sheet. In the image transmission apparatus configured in the above manner, the printing unit may be constituted to additionally print on the order sheet a comment input field for input of a comment; and the analyzing unit may be constituted to analyze the scanned order sheet and acquire the comment; the apparatus further comprising a thumbnail image creating unit for creating a thumbnail image of the acquired comment superimposed on a reduced image of prescribed image data; and a writing unit for writing the created thumbnail image to a unit of the image data for transmission. According to this configuration, a thumbnail image having a superimposed comment is written to a portion of the image data, whereby it is possible for the recipient of the image data to transmit a simple message, without the need for extra paper. In addition to being embodied as the image transmission apparatus described above, the present invention can also be embodied as an image transmission method for transmission of images by an image transmission apparatus equipped with a printing unit and a scanner; or as a computer program. The computer program could be recorded on a computer-recordable medium. Examples of computer-recordable media that can be used for this purpose are flexible disks, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, magnetooptical disks, memory cards, hard disks, and various other media. It is also possible for the invention to be reduced to practice in various other forms such as a data signal containing a computer program and carried on a carrier wave, a computer program product, or the like. These and other objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with the accompanying drawings.
|
['H04N140']
|
summary
|
11,321,789
|
[claim] 1. A computer implemented system comprising the following computer executable components: a workflow system having a routing persistence service that routes each workflow instance to a corresponding persistence service implementation, and a plurality of persistence service implementations, the corresponding persistence service implementation assigned to a workflow type by the routing persistence service. 2. The computer implemented system of claim 1, the workflow system further comprising an association lookup component that manages caching associations between a workflow instance and a persistence service implementation. 3. The computer implemented system of claim 2, the association lookup component further comprising a tabular arrangement. 4. The computer implemented system of claim 2, the association lookup component further comprising a workflow identification arrangement. 5. The computer implemented system of claim 1, the plurality of persistence service implementations comprises at least one of a database, XML/text file and an in-memory storage. 6. The computer implemented system of claim 1 further comprising a workflow provider class that provides for an interaction between a host application and a persistence store. 7. The computer implemented system of claim 2, the workflow instance registerable by the routing persistence service. 8. The computer implemented system of claim 6, the plurality of persistence service implementations accommodate different applications. 9. A computer implemented method comprising the following computer executable acts: assigning each workflow instance associated with a workflow system to a corresponding persistence service implementation via a routing service provider; and obtaining a workflow instance from the corresponding persistence service. 10. The computer implemented method of claim 9 further comprising obtaining routing registration information. 11. The computer implemented method of claim 10 further comprising verifying the routing service provider. 12. The computer implemented method of claim 9 further comprising creating a workflow instance. 13. The computer implemented method of claim 12 further comprising registering association between the workflow instance and a persistence service implementation via an identification. 14. The computer implemented method of claim 13 further comprising calling one of a load and save method from the persistence service implementation. 15. The computer implemented method of claim 14 further comprising connecting to a data store associated with the persistence service implementation. 16. The computer implemented method of claim 15 further comprising obtaining a workflow state representation. 17. The computer implemented method of claim 16 further comprising converting the workflow state representation to a workflow instance. 18. The computer implemented method of claim 17 further comprising returning the workflow instance to a host. 19. The computer implemented method of claim 18 further comprising calling a save method of the persistence service implementation. 20. A computer implemented system comprising the following computer executable components: means for integrating persistence related functionalities for a plurality of data stores into runtime of a workflow; and means for caching associations between workflow instances and plurality of persistence services.
|
['G06F946']
|
claim
|
12,645,499
|
[invention] Disclosed herein are methods of reading the cells of a memory and related memory devices, memory controllers and memory systems. Various physical phenomena occurring in flash memories result in corruption of the stored information. These phenomena include programming noises, read noises, charge leakage over time, wearing of the memory cells due to program and erase cycles etc. In order to allow reliable operation of a flash memory under these conditions, redundant data are stored together with the information, allowing one to correct the errors that corrupted the stored information. An efficient scheme for inferring the information stored in a flash memory from the read data should provide maximal error correction capability (i.e. allow inferring the stored information under the most severe flash memory noise conditions possible given that a fixed amount of redundant data is used). This allows efficient utilization of the flash memory because a minimal amount of redundancy needs to be used in order to provide reliable storage under given flash memory noise conditions. Conventionally, the following solutions to this problem have been applied: 1) Tracking Cell Voltage Distributions (CVD) The statistical distribution of the threshold voltages (or the read voltages) of programmed cells is not fixed for all cells and is not fixed over time. The CVD may change between devices, blocks or pages. The CVD can change as a function of threshold voltages of neighboring cells along the word line (WL) or bit line (BL) due to cross coupling effects or to program disturb (PD) effects. More importantly, the CVD can change over time, due to wearing of the cells by program/erase cycles and due to charge leakage. Knowing the CVD of the cell population to which a read cell belongs is important for several reasons: A. The CVD can be used for determining optimal reading thresholds that should be used when reading the cell, which will result in a minimal error probability in determining the programmed cell state. B. The CVD can be used for calibrating Error Correction Code (ECC) parameters and inputs—computing accurate bit estimations which are used as an input for a soft ECC decoder requires knowing the actual CVD model and parameters. Moreover, the CVD provides an indication of the flash memory noises that affect the cell and the expected cell error rate (i.e. the probability that the cell is read at a state different from the state it was programmed to). This can be used in order to determine the required decoding mode, as taught for example in US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0124652 and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/124,192, and in order to determine the required reading resolution (higher reading resolution incurs time and energy consumption penalties and is not required if low error probability is expected). Various conventional schemes for CVD tracking are known. CVD tracking schemes for compensating charge leakage effects due to program/erase wearing and time are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/941,945. These schemes can be performed in a “blind” manner in which the cells' programmed states are unknown and CVD parameters estimation is done by analyzing the empirical histogram of read voltages of a group of cells (for example the cells of one page). Alternatively, CVD parameter estimation can be performed based on reference cells that are programmed to known states and that are assumed to have the same CVD as the data cells. A disadvantage of the use of reference cells is that it requires allocating specific cells for CVD tracking which cannot be used for storing data. CVD tracking schemes for compensating the electric field effect of neighboring cells are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/860,553 and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/363,554. In these schemes the parameters of the CVD of a cell are updated according to the read voltages of neighboring cells. 2) Compute Soft Bit Estimations State of the art ECCs can utilize reliability information on the stored bits in order to improve error correction capability. Such “soft” bit estimations can be computed based on knowing the CVD (i.e. a statistical model for CVD and its parameters). The more accurately the CVD is estimated, the more accurate the soft bit estimations can be. This is why CVD tracking is important. The “soft” information also becomes more accurate when higher resolution reading is used (i.e. when the cell threshold voltage is determined more accurately). Conventional soft bit estimation is described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0086239, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/941,945 and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/860,553. 3) Efficient ECC Using an efficient ECC that can utilize soft information and that allows correcting maximal number of bit errors with a given ECC redundancy. Examples of conventional ECC use is taught in US 2007/0124652 and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/124,192. Conventionally, the three mechanisms described above are applied separately, one after another, i.e. first CVD tracking is performed, then a page is read based on the CVD parameters, then soft estimations of the stored bits are computed based on the CVD parameters, and finally ECC decoding is performed on the soft bit estimates. To summarize, the conventional approach is: 1) CVD tracking computes CVD parameters based only on the read cell voltages. 2) Soft bit estimates for a given cell are computed based only on the read cell voltages and the estimated CVD parameters. 3) Estimates of the stored bits are computed using an ECC decoder which operates only on soft bit estimates.
|
['H03M1305' 'G06F1110']
|
background
|
12,612,530
|
[claim] 1. A geographically distributed and hybrid renewable energy power plant, the power plant comprising: a plurality of renewable energy power generation sources that are distributed over a geographic area; a plurality of grid interface boxes for connecting each of the renewable energy power generation sources to a power distribution grid, for measuring power output by each of the renewable energy power generation sources, and for regulating power delivered to the grid by each of the renewable energy power generation sources; and a plant front end for communicating with the grid interface boxes, for determining a total output power available from the renewable energy power generation sources based on instantaneous power available from each of the renewable energy power generation sources, for determining a statistical availability of the total output power based on weather and other conditions affecting power output from the renewable energy power generation sources, and for outputting the total output power and the statistical availability to an energy management system. 2. The power plant of claim 1 wherein power output from each of the renewable energy power generation sources is no more than about ten percent of maximum power distribution line capacity. 3. The power plant of claim 1 wherein the statistical availability is determined using recursive Bayesian estimation. 4. The power plant of claim 1 wherein the plurality of grid interface boxes is further configured to generate alarms, measure instantaneous power output of each of the plurality of renewable energy power generation sources, and communicate the measured instantaneous power output to the plant front end. 5. The power plant of claim 1 wherein the statistical availability is calculated based on alarm data and measurement data from the plurality of grid interface boxes. 6. The power plant of claim 1 wherein the statistical availability is determined based on weather data. 7. The power plant of claim 1 wherein the renewable energy power generation sources include at least one of a solar power generation source, a wind power generation source, a hydroelectric power generation source, and a biomass power generation source. 8. A system for controlling a distributed hybrid renewable energy power plant, comprising: a plurality of grid interface boxes for measuring power output from a plurality of distributed energy resources and for regulating the measured power output to be delivered to a power distribution grid; and a plant front end comprising: a protocol conversion module for receiving, from the plurality of grid interface boxes, inputs indicating the measured power output; a plurality of model instances for modeling the statistical availability of each of the plurality of distributed energy resources; and an aggregation engine for aggregating the measured power outputs and statistical availabilities, and for presenting the aggregated power outputs and statistical availabilities as an aggregated distributed energy resource to a utility energy management system (EMS). 9. The system of claim 8 wherein power output from each of the plurality of distributed energy resources is no more than about ten percent of maximum power distribution line capacity. 10. The system of claim 8 wherein the statistical availability is determined using recursive Bayesian estimation. 11. The system of claim 8 wherein the plurality of grid interface boxes is further configured to generate alarms, measure instantaneous power output of each of the plurality of renewable energy power generation sources, and communicate the measured instantaneous power output to the plant front end. 12. The system of claim 8 wherein the statistical availability is calculated based on alarm data and measurement data from the plurality of grid interface boxes. 13. The system of claim 8 wherein the statistical availability is calculated based on weather data. 14. The system of claim 8 wherein the distributed energy resources include at least one of a solar power generation source, a wind power generation source, a hydroelectric power generation source, and a biomass power generation source. 15. The system of claim 8 wherein the plurality of model instances is further configured for receiving meteorological forecast input from a weather service entity. 16. A method for controlling a distributed hybrid renewable energy power plant, comprising: receiving inputs indicating the measured power output originating from a plurality of distributed energy resources; modeling the statistical availability of each of the plurality of distributed energy resources; aggregating the measured power outputs and statistical availabilities; and presenting the aggregated power outputs and statistical availabilities as an aggregated distributed energy resource to a utility energy management system (EMS). 17. The method of claim 16 wherein power output from each of the plurality of distributed energy resources is no more than about ten percent of maximum power distribution line capacity. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein modeling the statistical availability includes determining the statistical availability using recursive Bayesian estimation. 19. The method of claim 16 wherein modeling the statistical availability includes calculating the statistical availability based on alarm data and measurement data from a plurality of grid interface boxes coupled to the plurality of distributed energy resources. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein modeling the statistical availability includes calculating the statistical availability based on weather data. 21. The method of claim 16 wherein the distributed energy resources include at least one of a solar power generation source, a wind power generation source, a hydroelectric power generation source, and a biomass power generation source. 22. A computer readable medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions that when executed by a processor of a computer control the computer to perform steps comprising: receiving inputs indicating the measured power output originating from a plurality of distributed energy resources; modeling the statistical availability of each of the plurality of distributed energy resources; aggregating the measured power outputs and statistical availabilities; and presenting the aggregated power outputs and statistical availabilities as an aggregated distributed energy resource to a utility energy management system (EMS).
|
['G06F1900']
|
claim
|
10,516,241
|
[summary] The invention relates to phospholipase A 2 -based therapeutic, prophylactic, diagnostic and prognostic methods; related screening methods, as well as related uses and commercial packages. Accordingly, in a first aspect, the invention provides a method of preventing or treating a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease in an animal, said method comprising inhibiting the activity of a phospholipase A 2 in the animal. In an embodiment, the method comprises administering to the animal an effective amount of a phospholipase A 2 inhibitor. In an embodiment, the method comprises inhibiting the expression of a phospholipase A 2 . The invention further provides a use of a phospholipase A 2 inhibitor, or a composition comprising a phospholipase A 2 inhibitor in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for preventing or treating a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease in an animal. The invention further provides a use of a phospholipase A 2 inhibitor for preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease in an animal. The invention further provides a commercial package comprising a phospholipase A 2 inhibitor together with instructions for preventing or treating a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease in an animal. The invention further provides a method of assessing a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease in an animal, said method comprising: (a) determining a test level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 enzyme activity in tissue or body fluid of the animal; and (b) comparing said test level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 activity to an established standard; or to a corresponding level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 enzyme activity in tissue or body fluid of a control animal; or to a corresponding level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 enzymatic activity in tissue or body fluid obtained from said animal at an earlier time; wherein an increase in said test level is indicative of the neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease. The invention further provides a commercial package comprising means for determining the level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 enzyme activity in a tissue or body fluid of an animal together with instructions for assessing a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease. In an embodiment, the instructions comprise: (a) determining, using said means, a test level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 enzyme activity in tissue or body fluid of the animal; and (b) comparing said test level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 activity to an established standard; or to a corresponding level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 enzyme activity in tissue or body fluid of a control animal; or to a corresponding level of phospholipase A 2 protein or phospholipase A 2 encoding mRNA or phospholipase A 2 enzymatic activity in tissue or body fluid obtained from said animal at an earlier time; wherein an increase in said test level is indicative of the neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease. In an embodiment, the tissue or body fluid is selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, neural cells, endothelia, and immune cells (e.g. macrophages, leukocytes and lymphocytes). In an embodiment, the animal is a mammal, in a further embodiment, a human. In an embodiment, the neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease is selected from the group consisting of Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In an embodiment, the phospholipase A 2 is a cytosolic phospholipase A 2 . In an embodiment, the above-noted inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of arachidonic acid analogues, benzenesulfonamide derivatives, bromoenol lactone, p-bromophenyl bromide, bromophenacyl bromide, trifluoromethylketones, sialoglycolipids and proteoglycans. In a further embodiment, the inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, palmitoyl trifluoromethyl ketone. In a further embodiment, the phospholipase A 2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an antisense molecule and an siRNA or siRNA-like molecule. In an embodiment, the antisense molecule is a nucleic acid that is substantially complementary to a portion of an mRNA encoding a phospholipase A 2 . In an embodiment, the antisense molecule is complementary to a portion of a nucleic acid sequence substantially identical to a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3. In an embodiment, the portion of an mRNA comprises at least 5 contiguous bases. In an embodiment, the siRNA or siRNA-like molecule is substantially identical to a portion of an mRNA encoding a phospholipase A 2 . In an embodiment, the siRNA or siRNA-like molecule is substantially identical to a portion of an mRNA corresponding to a DNA sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:3. In an embodiment, the siRNA or siRNA-like molecule comprises less than about 30 nucleotides, in a further embodiment, about 21 to about 23 nucleotides. The invention further provides a method of identifying a compound for prevention and/or treatment of neural inflammatory and/or demyelinating disease, said method comprising: (a) providing a test compound; and (b) determining whether activity or expression of a phospholipase A 2 is decreased in the presence of said test compound; wherein a decrease in said activity is indicative that said test compound may be used for treating a neural inflammatory and/or demyelinating disease. In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of assaying the compounds for activity in the prevention or treatment of a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease. The invention further provides a method of identifying or characterizing a compound for prevention or treatment of a neural inflammatory or demyelinating disease, said method comprising: (a) contacting a test compound with a cell comprising a
|
['A61K3816' 'A61K31739' 'A61K4800' 'A61K3166' 'A61K3112']
|
summary
|
11,598,292
|
[claim] 1. A knowledge discovery system operable on at least one computer that includes a display, the knowledge discovery system comprising: a database that includes a plurality of data elements; a relationship context tool operable to display in a first view on a display a context and relationships between at least some of a plurality of data element indicia representative of at least some of the data elements included in the database; a geophysical context tool operable to generate a second view on the same display of a geographic map and at least some of the data element indicia displayed in the first view based on information extracted from the database; and a visualization integration tool operable to cohesively maintain coordination between the first view and the second view, as one of the first view or the second view, or a combination thereof, is adjusted in response to a user input. 2. The knowledge discovery system of claim 1, wherein the database comprises a data element database and a geographic database that include a plurality of universal identifiers, each of the universal identifiers uniquely identifying one of the data elements. 3. The knowledge discovery system of claim 2, wherein the visualization integration tool is operable to cohesively maintain coordination based at least in part on the universal identifiers that are redundantly present in the data element database and the geographic database. 4. The knowledge discovery system of claim 1, wherein a data element indicium that is one of the data element indicia is displayable as a focus in the first view, the data element indicium also indicatable as the focus in the second view. 5. The knowledge discovery system of claim 1, wherein the second view is operable to display geographically adjacent data element indicia that are not displayed in the first view. 6. The knowledge discovery system of claim 2, wherein the visualization tool includes a global cache operable to store data associated with each of the data element indicia displayed in both the first view and the second view in association with respective universal identifiers. 7. The knowledge discovery system of claim 1, wherein the visualization tool is operable to adjust the second view in response to an adjustment in the first view that affects one or more of the data element indicia displayed in the first view and the second view. 8. The knowledge discovery system of claim 1, wherein the visualization tool is operable to update the first view to indicate a relationship between at least two data element indicia in response to a user input in the second view to create the relationship. 9. A method of displaying information interactively with a knowledge discovery system, the method comprising: deriving a plurality of data elements from a plurality of sources; storing the data elements and relationships between at least some of the data elements in a database; associating at least some of the data elements with geographic information; generating a first view within an interactive view to display a plurality of data element indicia representative of corresponding data elements and a plurality of relationship indicia representative of relationships between at least some of the data elements; and generating a second view within the interactive view to display in a geographic context the data element indicia displayed in the first view in a geographic relationship with both related data elements and unrelated data elements. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising coordinating the first view and the second view so that adjustments to either the first view or the second view are reflected in both the first view and the second view. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising adjusting the first view to identify a relationship between two data element indicia displayed therein, and adjusting the second view to reflect the identified relationship. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising defining an implied geographic location of a first one of the data element indicia based on a second one of the data element indicia that is associated with a geographic location and a relationship with the first one of the data element indicia. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein defining an implied geographic location comprises calculating a confidence value for the relationship, and defining the implied geographic location only when the calculated confidence value is above a determined threshold. 14. The method of claim 9, further comprising defining an additional relationship between a first data element and a second data element via the data element indicia displayed in the first view based on a nearness of the first data element with respect to the second data element. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein defining an additional relationship comprises determining geographic nearness of the first data element and the second data element with corresponding data element indicia displayed in the second view. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein defining an additional relationship comprises determining a semantic nearness based on the nearness of terms in a source from which the first data element and the second data element were derived. 17. The method of claim 9, wherein generating a first view comprises determining a confidence value of a relationship between a first data element indicium and a second data element indicium, and displaying the second data element indicium with the first data element indicium only if the confidence value is at or above a determined threshold. 18. The method of claim 9, further comprising defining a relationship with one of the unrelated data elements based on a geographic location of an indicium of the one of the unrelated data elements on the second display. 19. The method of claim 9, wherein generating a second view comprises displaying other data element indicia representative of data elements other than those represented in the first view that are geographically proximate to the data elements represented in the first view. 20. A method of displaying information interactively with a knowledge discovery system, the method comprising: selecting a
|
['G06F3048' 'G06F700' 'G06F1730']
|
claim
|
11,867,452
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a side view of an automated transfer and dispensing apparatus in use alongside other components of an air inflated packaging pillow system; FIGS. 2A and 2B are side views of another configuration of an air inflation packaging pillow system, with the automated transfer and dispensing apparatus in the lowered and raised positions, respectively; FIG. 3 is a side view of another configuration of an air inflation packaging system; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of an air inflation packaging pillow system; FIG. 5 is a top view thereof; FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional, diagrammatic view of components of the automated transfer and dispensing apparatus at section 5-5 as identified in FIG. 5; FIGS. 7 and 8 are perspective views of components of other embodiments of automated transfer and dispensing apparatuses; FIGS. 9 and 10 are side views of components of other embodiments of automated transfer and dispensing apparatuses; FIGS. 11 and 12 are front and rear side perspective views of an alternative embodiment of an automated transfer and dispensing apparatus; FIG. 13A is a perspective view of a drum thereof; FIG. 13B is a perspective view of another embodiment of a drum with biasing members; FIG. 14 is a rear, cut-away view of a cutting mechanism of the transfer and dispensing apparatus of FIGS. 11 and 12; FIG. 15 is a side, cut-away view thereof; FIG. 16 is a side view of another embodiment of a drum with biasing members of an automated transfer and dispensing apparatus; FIG. 17 is rear view of another embodiment of a cutting mechanism; FIGS. 18A and 18B are perspective and side views of another embodiment of an automated transfer and dispensing apparatus; FIG. 19 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an intake funnel; and FIG. 20 is a top view of a typical web material used to form inflated pillows.
|
['B65H500']
|
detailed_description
|
12,342,350
|
[claim] 1. A connector for an automobile with high current capability, comprising: a circular terminal configured with a cylinder and having a slot formed in an outer periphery of the cylinder at one end and at least one projection formed on the outer periphery at the other end; and a connector housing having a cylindrical space for receiving the circular terminal, the cylindrical space having an anti-separation protrusion formed on an inner periphery thereof and coupled with the slot of the circular terminal to prevent separation of the circular terminal, the cylindrical space having at least one anti-rotation groove formed in the inner periphery thereof and engaged with the at least one projection of the circular terminal so as to prevent rotation of the circular terminal. 2. The connector for an automobile with high current capability according to claim 1, wherein the anti-separation protrusion has a structure elastically transformable in a radial direction by an external force, whereby, as the circular terminal is inserted into the connector housing, the anti-separation protrusion is pulled back and placed in the slot. 3. The connector for an automobile with high current capability according to claim 2, wherein the slot of the circular terminal is formed at a front end of the cylinder coupled with the connector housing, and the projection is formed at a rear end of the cylinder, which is opposite to the front end. 4. The connector for an automobile with high current capability according to claim 3, wherein the number of the anti-rotation groove is not less than the number of the projection. 5. The connector for an automobile with high current capability according to claim 4, wherein the circular terminal has a female contact portion to be coupled with a male contact portion. 6. The connector for an automobile with high current capability according to claim 5, wherein a screw tap is formed at a rear end of the circular terminal such that the circular terminal is coupled with another structure by a bolt.
|
['H01R1109']
|
claim
|
11,969,414
|
[invention] 1. Technical Field The present invention generally relates to a storage system and a data management method executed in this storage system, and particularly relates to backup/restore technology of data in a SAN/NAS integrated storage system. 2. Description of the Related Art In a computer system, it is standard to back up data stored in a storage subsystem periodically or irregularly so that data can be restored immediately even when such data is lost due to a failure in the storage subsystem or the like. From the perspective of temporal transition of volumes storing data, the backup of such data may be classified into a full backup method of backing up the entire data as the backup target, and a differential backup method of backing up the updated (differential) portion with the fully backed up data as the origin. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2005-122611 discloses technology of selecting the optimized backup method; that is, either the full backup method or the differential backup method, in which the recovery of data within the target recovery time designated by the user is expected to be possible based on the restoration performance of a backup target volume and the update quantity of data in such volume. Further, from the perspective of data structure, backup may be classified into a file backup method and a volume backup method. With the file backup method, for instance, backup is performed in directory/file units configuring a file system managed by NAS (Network Attached Storage). In contrast, with the volume backup method, for instance, backup is performed in volume (logical device) units configured in a storage subsystem. Because the volume backup method copies the binary data of the volume itself by using the implemented function in the storage subsystem, there is an advantage in the execution performance in that the backup processing is faster in comparison to the file backup method. Further, with a typical SAN/NAS integrated storage system, the host apparatus accesses the storage resource (i.e., data) in a SAN-connected storage subsystem via a NAS apparatus (i.e., a file server). Thus, the file backup method is considered to be more compatible with the backup of data in the SAN/NAS integrated storage system because it is able to select the backup target in units of files. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-259045 discloses technology of backing up data in a tape device to which a NAS volume is SAN-connected in a SAN/NAS integrated storage apparatus. With the file backup method, the user (system administrator) may selectively designate the backup target in file units. However, the NAS device needs to process the structural data concerning the file system during backup processing. Thus, the execution performance of the system becomes relatively low. Also, a CPU and/or network system gets overloaded. With the volume backup method, although the execution performance is relatively high, the storage cost is high since a volume is used as the unit of a backup target. Thus, for example, in a case when the directories of the backup target are consolidated into a single volume, there are cases where the execution performance would be higher by selecting the volume backup method rather than selecting the file backup method. However, since it is difficult for the system administrator to recognize what kind of logical volumes are configuring the storage resource in the SAN/NAS integrated storage system, it is also difficult to select the appropriate backup method. Moreover, in recent years, a SAN-connected storage subsystem is mounted with various sophisticated copy functions such as remote copy, journaling, and snapshot. However, even if this kind of SAN-connected storage system is incorporated into a SAN/NAS integrated storage system, there is a problem in that these sophisticated copy functions cannot be effectively utilized.
|
['G06F1730']
|
background
|
12,638,187
|
VIDEO ENCODING/ DECODING METHOD AND APPARATUS [SEP] [abstract] A video encoding method comprises selecting one combination, for each block of an input video signal, from a plurality of combinations each including a predictive parameter and at least one reference picture number determined in advance for the reference picture, generating a prediction picture signal in accordance with the reference picture number and predictive parameter of the selected combination, generating a predictive error signal representing an error between the input video signal and the prediction picture signal, and encoding the predictive error signal, information of the motion vector, and index information indicating the selected combination.
|
['H04N732']
|
abstract
|
12,187,237
|
IMAGE DETERMINING DEVICE, IMAGE DETERMINING METHOD, AND PROGRAM [SEP] [abstract] There is provided an image determining device including a frequency band signal detecting unit for dividing an image into a plurality of local regions and detecting for each local region signals of a plurality of frequency bands from the image signal; an average value calculating unit for calculating an average value of a characteristic value corresponding to an amplitude, for each local region and for each signal of the plurality of frequency bands; a local region selecting unit for selecting at least one local region based on image information; an average value selecting unit for selecting the average value corresponding to the selected local region; a relative value calculating unit for calculating a relative value of one average value with respect to another average value both of the average values being of the selected average values; and an image determining unit for determining an image based on the relative value.
|
['G06K900']
|
abstract
|
11,495,425
|
Roller assembly for agricultural baler [SEP] [abstract] A roller assembly for use with an agricultural baler is configured to be mounted to a housing of the baler in a manner that avoids transmitting an undue axial load to a bearing of the roller assembly. An associated method is disclosed.
|
['B30B506' 'B30B900']
|
abstract
|
10,521,551
|
[description] FIG. 1 shows an example of a microcomputer to which the invention is applied. A microcomputer 1 is constituted by a CPU (central processing unit) 2, an address converting unit (VEM) 3, a memory 4 containing virtual machine instructions, a memory 5 containing execution routines, an address bus iab, and a data bus idb which are typically shown in FIG. 1. The CPU 2 has a predetermined instruction set, and the instruction set includes a plurality of prescribed native instructions. The CPU 2 has an instruction control unit CNT and an executing unit EXC. The instruction control unit CNT controls the order of execution of an instruction, and furthermore, fetches an instruction to an instruction register IR from an instruction address specified by a program counter PC and decodes the fetched instruction by means of a decoder DEC to generate a control signal. The executing unit EXC has the program counter PC, a general purpose register REG and an arithmetic logic unit ALU, and operates the general purpose register REG and the arithmetic logic unit ALU based on the control signal generated by the instruction control unit CNT, thereby executing an instruction. The microcomputer 1 can implement the execution of a virtual machine instruction in accordance with an execution routine prescribed in the native instruction of the CPU 2. The virtual machine instruction is an instruction constituting a language in an application execution form over an IC card operating system referred to as an MULTOS®, for example. A virtual machine program based on the virtual machine instruction is held in the memory 4 containing virtual machine instructions. The execution routine is held in the memory 5 containing execution routines. A part of the address space of the CPU 2 is assigned to the execution of the virtual machine instruction, which is not particularly restricted. The space will be referred to as a virtual machine instruction execution space. The address converting unit 3 decides that a prescribed condition is applied when an instruction address output from the CPU 2 indicates a predetermined address of the virtual machine instruction execution space, for example, a starting address thereof. The address converting unit 3 has a control unit 10 for deciding whether or not the prescribed condition is applied and controlling the whole address converting unit 3, and an execution address generating unit (an example of an execution routine address generating unit) 15. The execution address generating unit (VPC unit) 15 sequentially converts an instruction address output to a bus cp_iab by the CPU 2 into the address of a native instruction by utilizing the address of an execution routine prepared for an execution routine starting address register VPC in response to the fact that the prescribed condition is applied, and outputs the same address to the bus iab. When the prescribed condition is not applied, the execution address generating unit 15 exactly outputs the instruction address sent to the bus cp_iab by the CPU 2 to the bus iab. The CPU 2 inputs the native instruction read from the memory 5 containing execution routines based on the address of the native instruction converted sequentially through data buses idb and cp_idb, and executes the native instruction. The address converting unit 3 reads a virtual machine instruction to be executed next from the memory 4 containing virtual machine instructions in parallel with the execution of the execution routine of the virtual machine instruction in response to the fact that the prescribed condition is applied, and prepares the address of an execution routine corresponding thereto for a register VPC0 (an example of a second register). A virtual machine program counter unit (
|
['G06F945']
|
detailed_description
|
11,670,750
|
[invention] Automatic test equipment (ATE) is typically an automated, usually computer-driven, system for testing devices, such as semiconductors, electronic circuits, and printed circuit board assemblies. A device being tested is referred to as a device under test (DUT). Modern ATE supports multi-site testing. ATE that supports multi-site testing includes a testing device (or “tester) feat has multiple sites. ATE generally includes multiple instrument slots (or boards) for each site. During testing, a DUT is inserted into each site, and the ATE performs tests on the device in the site. Ideally, each instrument slot has enough channels to accommodate corresponding pins on a DUT. In some cases, however, the number of pins on the DUT exceeds the number of channels in an instrument slot. As a result, the DUT spans more than one instrument board. In such cases, a test board on the ATE may be unable to obtain a full set of test data from the DUT. That is, because the DUT spans multiple test boards, some DUT pins provide test dais to one test board and other DUT pins provide test data to one or more other test boards. This can be problematic in testing scenarios that require a test board to have a full set of test data from the DUT.
|
['G01R3102' 'G01R3100']
|
background
|
12,246,709
|
Blends of Polypropylene Impact Copolymers with Other Polymers [SEP] [abstract] It has been discovered that the properties of sheet or film materials of broad molecular weight distribution ethylene/propylene rubber impact-modified heterophasic copolymer (ICP) can be improved by blending the ICP with a second polyolefin. The second polyolefin may be a syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP), a random copolymer (RCP) of propylene and comonomer (e.g. ethylene and/or butene) made using a Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalyst, medium density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), or low crystalline copolymer of propylene/α-olefin. Improvements include, but are not necessarily limited to, reduced motor amps, lower secant modulus, increased dart drop strength, increased gloss, reduced haze, increased elongation to yield, elimination of stress whitening, improved puncture resistance, and decreased seal initiation temperature. This sheet of film materials may be co-extruded with other resins or laminated with other materials after extrusion.
|
['B32B2708' 'B29C4706' 'B32B3700']
|
abstract
|
11,048,072
|
[description] FIGS. 1a and 1b are DIFFaX simulated diffraction patterns for intergrown AEI/CHA phases having varying AEI/CHA ratios.
|
['B01J2904']
|
detailed_description
|
12,569,524
|
[description] As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure and function. Further, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting, but rather, to provide an understandable description of the invention. The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term plurality, as used herein, is defined as two or more than two. The term another, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms including and/or having, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term coupled, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. Also, the terms “node” and “vertex” and their derivatives are used interchangeably throughout the following discussion. Presented is an algorithm for distributing tasks in a shared memory multiple processor system. This algorithm organizes the data used to select a processor that is to receive a new task such that valid versions of that data are likely to be more frequently available in each processor's local cache. The presented algorithm reduces the frequency with which task distribution related data is required to be updated in a processor's local cache due to changes of data made by other processors changing that data in the shared memory. The presented algorithm reduces a significant bottleneck encountered with distributing tasks in large, multi-processor systems using shared memory. Embodiments of the present invention are able to increase the number of processors that use shared memory and efficiently distribute tasks to a larger number of processors due to the reduction in local cache updates required in the often frequently executed task distribution process. The presented algorithm provides many advantages to allow more efficient implementation of task distribution processing. For example, the presented algorithm provides the ability to cache and reuse data associated with selecting a CPU to which to assign a task many times before that data is changed. In an example scenario, each CPU of a multiple processor architecture is able to use the cached data, e.g., the below described queue availability flags, upper compare values, and lower compare values, by only reading them a few hundred times before those values are changed, thereby allowing valid copies of those data items to be stored in the local cache of all of the CPUs. In addition, the efficiency of the presented algorithm is not affected by the number of CPUs that are accessing the shared memory of an SMP server, so that as the server grows, i.e., more CPUs are added, the overhead of the task dispatcher associated with updating values stored in shared memory does not grow. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a shared memory multiple processor system 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The shared memory multiple processor system 100 includes a number of processors, CPU 1 110, CPU 2 112, and CPU N 114, that access a shared memory 102. Each processor has an associated local cache, indicated for CPU 1 110 as a first level L1 cache 116. As is understood by practitioners of ordinary skill in the relevant arts in light of the present discussion, a local cache such as a first level L1 cache 116 stores data that is able to be rapidly accessed by its associate processor, such as CPU 1 110 in the example of the first level L1 cache 116. In a shared memory system such as is illustrated, the processor associated with a local cache is able to directly access data stored within the local cache if the corresponding data within the stored memory 102 has not been changed. In general, data that is only manipulated by one processor is able to be rapidly and directly accessed by an associated processor without incurring the processing overhead of accessing commonly accessed shared memory. The shared memory 102 includes a number of work queues, such as work queue 1 120, work queue 2 122, and work queue N 124. Each work queue within the shared memory 102 is associated with a respective processor. In the illustrated example, CPU 1 110 is associated with work queue 1 120, CPU 2 112 is associated with work queue 2 122, CPU N 114 is associated with work queue N 124. Each work queue is able to accept tasks that are to be processed by its associated processor. In one embodiment of the present invention, any processor is able to place a task in any work queue, thereby causing the processor associated with that work queue to process that task. In order to simplify the description of the present invention, this discussion refers to one work queue being associated with each processor. It is clear that a number of work queues are able to be associated with each processor, such as a design including different work queues for each processor where each work queue for a processor accepts tasks of different processing priorities to be executed by that processor. The teachings of the present discussion are readily adaptable to such multiple work queue per processor architectures. The shared memory 102 stores a composite queue size value 146. As is described in further detail below, one embodiment of the present invention iteratively determines the composite queue size value as a mean value of the number of tasks that are in all of the work queues, such as work queue 1 120, work queue 2 122, and work queue 3 124. Further embodiments are able to use any value that represents an average, mean, or any
|
['G06F946']
|
detailed_description
|
11,779,787
|
[description] Various implementations recreate the experience of playing on a course (e.g., a golf course, a baseball diamond, a race track) utilizing actual photographs of the course combined with simulated two dimensional (2D) and 3D graphics. Computer games and other types of simulations typically include a virtual universe that players interact with in order to achieve one or more goals, such as shooting all of the “bad” guys or playing a hole of golf. Typical computer game genres include role-playing, first person shooter, third person shooter, sports, racing, fighting, action, strategy, and simulation. A computer game can incorporate a combination of two or more genres. Computer games are commonly available for different computer platforms such as workstations, personal computers, game consoles (e.g., Sony PlayStation and PlayStation Portable, Microsoft Xbox, Nintendo GameCube and Game Boy), cellular telephones, portable media players, and other mobile devices. Computer games can be single player or multi-player. Some multiplayer games allow players connected via the Internet to interact in a common or shared virtual universe. A virtual universe is the paradigm with which the user interacts when playing a computer game and can include representations of virtual environments, objects, characters, and associated state information. For instance, a virtual universe can include a virtual golf course, golfers, golf clubs and golf balls. A virtual universe and its virtual objects can change as users achieve goals. For example, in action games as users advance to higher game levels, typically the virtual universe is changed to model the new level and users are furnished with different virtual equipment, such as more powerful weapons. Players typically interact with one or more virtual objects in a virtual universe, such as an avatar and virtual equipment, through a user interface. A user interface can accept input from all manner of input devices including, but not limited to, devices capable of receiving mouse input, trackball input, button presses, verbal commands, sounds, gestures, eye movements, body movements, brain waves, other types of physiological sensors, and combinations of these. A click of a mouse button, for example, might cause a virtual golf club to swing and strike a virtual golf ball on a virtual golf course. FIG. 1A illustrates a graphical user interface (GUI) 100 for a computer golf game that incorporates photographs of an actual golf course (e.g., 102a) into the game play. Various visual representations of virtual objects have been integrated into the presentation of the photograph 102a, including an avatar 104 representing the player, a piece of virtual equipment 112 representing a golf club, and a piece of virtual equipment 108 representing a golf ball. The player provides user input to the computer game which reacts by altering the state of the game's virtual universe based on the input and interaction of virtual objects in the virtual universe. For example, player input can cause the avatar 104 to appear to hit the ball 108 with the club 112 towards the end of the green. A game engine can simulate the physics of the ball 108's aerial trajectory and eventual interaction with (e.g., bouncing and rolling) a golf course terrain in the virtual universe that represents the golf course. The terrain can be a model of the topography of an actual golf course, for example. As will be described below, the new location of the ball 108 in the 3D virtual golf course and, optionally, other virtual objects, are mapped to corresponding 2D locations in the photograph 102a, or a different photograph, so that the virtual objects appear in the proper place, and at the proper scale, in the photograph as though they were actually photographed. In this way, the player is provided the experience of playing on an actual golf course. FIG. 2A is a flow diagram 200 of a technique for photographic mapping in a simulation such as a computer game. User input is optionally obtained which causes a virtual object (e.g., golf ball 108) that is being tracked for purposes of triggering photographic mapping to interact with one or more portions of a 3D course terrain to be simulated (step 202). More than one virtual object can be tracked. Based on the simulation, a new location for the virtual object(s) on the course terrain is determined (step 204). For example, a game engine can simulate the physics of a golf ball trajectory and the ball's eventual impact with a golf course terrain. A photographic image corresponding to the virtual object's new location on the course is identified (step 206). If there is more than one virtual object being tracked, photograph corresponding to an area of the terrain encompassing the location of all of the tracked virtual objects is identified. In one implementation, where there are multiple photographs covering a given course location, the photograph that provides the best view from the player's perspective is chosen. For example, a photograph which is closest to centering on the location of the virtual object's new location would be chosen. Alternatively, more than one photograph of the virtual object's new location can be digitally stitched together to form a single, composite photograph. The virtual object(s) are incorporated into the photographic image (e.g., using 3D mapping; step 208). FIG. 2B is a flow diagram 201 of a technique for pre-fetching photographic images for mapping in a simulation such as a computer game. Pre-fetching photographic images can improve performance of real-time games and other simulations by caching photographs ahead of time before they need to be presented. This is especially true if the images must be retrieved from remote storage. First, one or more potential locations for a virtual object on a course terrain are determined based on a user's playing history or on the playing history of a group of users for that particular part of the course (step 203). Playing history can include information identifying past locations of virtual objects in the terrain for the user(s) and measures of the user(s)'game playing abilities. A photographic image of the course corresponding to each potential location is
|
['G09G5377']
|
detailed_description
|
12,152,845
|
[claim] 1. An alternative fuel composition, comprising: a) a fuel/alcohol blend comprising between about 15 and about 95 percent by volume of gasoline or diesel fuel, and between about 10 and about 85 percent by volume of one or more C1-10 alcohols, b) between 1 and 15 percent by volume of a glycerol ether or mixture of glycerol ethers by volume of the fuel alcohol blend, and c) optionally, one or more conventional fuel additives, so long as the above-listed ratios of the fuel, alcohol(s) and glycerol ether(s) is unchanged. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the C1-10 alcohol(s) comprise methanol, ethanol, or mixtures thereof. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the mixture of glycerol ethers comprises a glycerol ether with one or two hydroxyl groups. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the diesel fuel comprises biodiesel fuel. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: a) a fuel/alcohol blend comprising between about 75 and about 85 percent by volume of gasoline and between about 10 and about 20 percent by volume of ethanol, and b) between about 1 and about 10 percent of a glycerol ether or mixture of glycerol ethers, by volume of the fuel/alcohol blend. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: a) a fuel/alcohol blend comprising about 85 percent by volume of gasoline and about 15 percent by volume of ethanol and/or methanol, and b) about 5 percent of a glycerol ether or mixture of glycerol ethers by volume of the fuel/alcohol blend, wherein the composition can optionally contain up to about 10 percent by volume of conventional fuel additives so long as the ratio of gasoline, ethanol and/or methanol, and glycerol ether(s) remains unchanged. 9. A jet fuel composition, comprising hydrocarbons in the molecular weight range of between about 5 and 20, and glycerol ethers, wherein the glycerol ethers are present in a range of between about 0.5 and 10 percent by volume. 10. A jet fuel composition comprising a) hydrocarbons typically found in JP-8, and b) glycerol ethers as a jet fuel deicing additive, and, optionally, c) ethylene glycol ethers. 11. A marine diesel fuel composition, comprising marine diesel fuel and between about 0.5 and about 12 percent by volume of glycerol ethers. 13. A fuel additive composition, comprising: a) between 5 and 95 percent by volume of a hydrocarbon and/or an alcohol, b) between 5 and 95 percent by volume of one or more glycerol ethers, and c) optionally comprising one or more conventional fuel additives, wherein the above-listed ratios of the hydrocarbons and glycerol ether(s) is unchanged and wherein said hydrocarbon is kerosene. 14. A fuel/fuel additive blend comprising: a) 80-99.7 percent by volume of gasoline, b) 0.3 to 20 percent by volume of the fuel additive composition of claim 13. 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the conventional fuel additives comprise one or more additives selected from the group consisting of 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Mesitylene); Xylene; Petroleum Distillates; Jet Fuel; Stoddard Solvent; Kerosene; Solvent Naphtha aliphatic; Solvent-refined heavy paraffinic distillate; Hydro-treated Heavy Paraffinic Distillates; 2-Ethylhexanol; Hydro-treated residual oils; Solvent dewaxed residual oils; Hydro-treated Light Naphthenic Distillate Solvent Extract; a viscosity improver; Medium Aliphatic Solvent Naphtha; Detergent; Light Aromatic Solvent Naphtha; or any combination thereof.
|
['C10L118']
|
claim
|
11,321,604
|
[claim] 1. An apparatus having a digital protection mechanism, comprising: a tangible object; a digital protection system physically attached to said tangible object, said digital protection system comprising: (a) an external interface for receiving data requests; (b) a processor coupled to said external interface, said processor capable of transforming data according to a first public/private key encryption algorithm; and (c) an internal data storage, said internal data storage storing an identity private key, said identity private key being inaccessible outside said external interface; and a data descriptor associated with said digital protection system, said data descriptor including an identity public key, attribute data and a digital signature; wherein said processor performs a first transformation of data responsive to a request received through said external interface, said processor performing said first transformation of said data according to said first public/private key encryption algorithm using said identity private key, wherein a second transformation of data according to said first public private key encryption algorithm using said identity public key is a complementary transformation of said first transformation. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said digital signature is an encryption of data derived from said identity public key and attribute data, said encryption being according to a second public private key encryption algorithm using a signature private key, said digital signature being capable of decoding according to said second public/private key encryption algorithm using a signature public key. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said digital signature is an encryption of data derived from said identity public key and attribute data by performing a pre-defined hash function. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said digital protection system is implemented in digital logic contained on a single integrated circuit substrate. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said data descriptor is stored in said internal data storage contained on said single integrated circuit substrate. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said tangible object is a digital data processing device having at least one processor external to said digital protection system, said processor external to said digital protection system communicating with said digital protection system across said interface. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said external interface mates with a corresponding interface of a digital data processing device separate from said tangible object. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said attribute data is encrypted. 9. A machine having multiple parts, comprising: a first replaceable part a digital controller controlling operation of at least one function of said machine, said digital controller being external to said first replaceable part; a digital protection system physically attached to said first replaceable part, said digital protection system comprising: (a) an external interface for receiving data requests, (b) a processor coupled to said external interface, said processor capable of performing a first data transformation according to a first public/private key encryption algorithm, and (c) an internal data storage, said internal data storage storing an identity private key, said identity private key being inaccessible outside said external interface; and a data descriptor associated with said digital protection system, said data descriptor including an identity public key, attribute data and a digital signature; wherein said controller verifies information concerning said first replaceable part by: (a) obtaining said data descriptor associated with said digital protection system, (b) performing a second data transformation of test data according to said first public/private key encryption algorithm using said identity public key, said second data transformation being complementary to said first data transformation, (c) accessing said digital protection system attached to said first replaceable part to perform said first data transformation of said test data using said identity private key, (d) comparing data undergoing said first and second data transformations to test data before transformation; and (e) verifying that said data descriptor has not been altered using said digital signature. 10. The machine of claim 9, wherein said digital signature is an encryption of data derived from said identity public key and attribute data, said encryption being according to a second public private key encryption algorithm using a signature private key, and wherein said controller verifies that said data descriptor has not been altered by: (e1) decrypting said digital signature according to said second public/private key encryption algorithm using a signature public key, and (e2) comparing the decrypted digital signature to data derived from said identity public key and said attribute data according to said derivation algorithm to verify said descriptor data.. 11. The machine of claim 9, wherein said first data transformation is an encryption of said source test data and said second data transformation is a decryption of said source test data encrypted by said first data transformation, said first data transformation being performed before said second data transformation.. 12. The machine of claim 9, wherein said second data transformation is an encryption of said source test data and said first data transformation is a decryption of said source test data encrypted by said second data transformation, said second data transformation being performed before said first data transformation. 13. The machine of claim 9, wherein said machine comprises a plurality of replaceable parts, at least some of which contain a respective digital protection system. 14. The machine of claim 9, wherein said digital protection is implemented in digital logic contained on a single integrated circuit substrate. 15. The machine of claim 14, wherein said data descriptor is stored in said internal data storage contained on said single integrated circuit substrate, said data descriptor containing a unique machine identifier, said unique machine identifier distinguishing said machine from other machines of the same type. 16. A replaceable part for a machine having multiple parts, comprising: a part performing a function for said machine, and a digital protection system physically attached to said part, said digital protection system comprising: (a) an external interface for communicating with a digital controller of said machine, said digital controller being located externally to said replaceable part; (b) a processor coupled to said
|
['H04L900']
|
claim
|
12,031,266
|
[invention] International distribution of mobile devices is complicated by the need to provide support for different languages. Such support is often referred to as National Language Support (NLS). NLS provides culture-sensitive and locale-sensitive information such as regional settings, calendar information, and date/time formatting. However, NLS is more than merely converting a system to a second language. To support a national language, a universal device must be adaptable to any particular market or locale. A NLS device must operate with immunity from any problems that arise due to the use of different sets of characters or words. Such a system must include facilities to render the interacting characters or words different for each language. NLS capable devices have been produced that allow manufacturers to readily install each set of characters and to efficiently change from one set of characters to another set of characters. Currently, for Windows CE and Windows Mobile, this information is contained in a ROM-based file that cannot be updated after the device has shipped. One particular problem with providing NLS support is being able to update the NLS file after the device has shipped. For example, a first device may be configured for English, but a second device sends an email to the first device in Chinese. In this situation, the first device cannot communicate with the second device in a familiar language. Moreover, without locale specific information, the first device may not even be able to read the message from the second device because the proper code pages are not on the first device. Accordingly, the NLS file for the first mobile must be updated or changed. To change the NLS for the first mobile device, the NLS file must be included in the base NLS file. Accordingly, the NLS support for another language or locale is not shown until the user initiates a change to the mobile device that implements a new NLS file. Because all NLS that is likely to be used must be provided in the base NLS file, the NLS file is very large. If new locale information is merged with the original NLS file, having one monolithic language file in embedded devices may cause several problems including performance and space issues. Moreover, the computing capability of such devices is limited. Merging two pieces of NLS data, for example at boot time or at run time, take too much time. Furthermore, searching through such a large file would waste too much time thereby frustrating the user. It is with respect to these and other considerations that the present invention has been made.
|
['G06F1720']
|
background
|
11,123,239
|
[summary] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a system for evaluating characteristics of multiple displays in a sales environment is presented. The system includes at least one display. The system also includes a vantage point situated in proximity to the at least one display from which a customer may view the at least one display. The system further includes a user interface configured to accept a user input. The system further includes a stored collection of parameters associated with a plurality of displays. The system further includes a processor configured to access at least one of the stored parameters in response to the user input. The system further includes a purchase point so that at least one of the plurality of displays may be purchased. The system is configured to simulate at least one of the plurality of displays on the at least one display consistent with the user input. Various optional features of the above embodiment include the following. The stored collection of parameters may include parameters relating to resolution, and the at least one display may be configured to simulate a resolution of at least one of the plurality of displays. The stored collection of parameters may include parameters relating to color, and the at least one display may be configured to simulate a color of at least one of the plurality of displays. At least one of the stored parameters may be empirically determined. The parameters may include: height, width, resolution, contrast ratio, brightness, color range, aspect ratio, viewing angle, pixel size, pixel shape, pixel composition, pixel orientation, color rendering, screen shape, susceptibility to ambient light, off-axis viewing characteristics, definition quality parameters, display technology, surface finish, display flaws, physical appearance, user interface, multiple display technology, connection layout, interactivity, weight, bandwidth, or input type. The at least one display may be a television screen, computer monitor, organic display, digital paper, flexible display, foldable display, roll-up display, glasses, goggles, helmet, active windows, active picture frames, head-up display, embedded display, or astronomical display. The purchase point may include the at least one display. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of simulating a plurality of displays for evaluation in a sales environment is presented. The method includes providing a first display. The method also includes providing a vantage point situated in proximity to the first display from which a customer may view the first display. The method further includes accepting an input at a user interface. The method further includes accessing a stored parameter associated with a second display from a collection of parameters associated with a plurality of displays. The method further includes simulating the second display on the first display consistent with the input. The method further includes offering at least one of the plurality of displays for sale. Various optional features of the above embodiment include the following. The step of accessing a parameter may include accessing a parameter relating to resolution, and the step of simulating may include simulating a resolution. The step of accessing a parameter may include accessing a parameter relating to color, and the step of simulating may include simulating a color. The method may further include empirically determining and storing at least one parameter. The step of accessing a stored parameter may include accessing: height, width, resolution, contrast ratio, brightness, color range, aspect ratio, viewing angle, pixel size, pixel shape, pixel composition, pixel orientation, color rendering, screen shape, susceptibility to ambient light, off-axis viewing characteristics, definition quality parameters, display technology, surface finish, display flaws, physical appearance, user interface, multiple display technology, connection layout, interactivity, weight, bandwidth, or input type. The first display may be a television screen, computer monitor, organic display, digital paper, flexible display, foldable display, roll-up display, glasses, goggles, helmet, active windows, active picture frames, head-up display, embedded display, or astronomical display. The step of offering may include offering via the first display. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a system for evaluating characteristics of multiple displays in a sales environment is presented. The system includes at least one display situated in proximity to a vantage point from which a customer may view the at least one display. The system also includes a user interface configured to accept a user input. The system further includes a stored collection of parameters associated with a plurality of displays. The system further includes means for simulating, on the at least one display, at least one of the plurality of displays in response to the user input. The system further includes means for offering at least one of the plurality of displays for sale. The means for simulating are configured to access at least one of the stored parameters consistent with the user input. Various optional features of the above embodiment include the following. The system may include means for simulating a resolution of at least one of the plurality of displays. The system may include means for determining a resolution parameter of at least one of the plurality of displays. The system may include means for simulating a color of at least one of the plurality of displays. The system may include means for determining a color parameter of at least one of the plurality of displays. The at least one of the stored parameters may be empirically determined. The parameters may include: height, width, resolution, contrast ratio, brightness, color range, aspect ratio, viewing angle, pixel size, pixel shape, pixel composition, pixel orientation, color rendering, screen shape, susceptibility to ambient light, off-axis viewing characteristics, definition quality parameters, display technology, surface finish, display flaws, physical appearance, user interface, multiple display technology, connection layout, interactivity, weight, bandwidth, or input type. The at least one display may be a television screen, computer monitor, organic display, digital paper, flexible display, foldable display, roll-up display, glasses, goggles, helmet, active windows, active picture frames, head-up display, embedded display or astronomical display. The means for offering may include the at least one display. Still further features and advantages of the present invention are identified
|
['G06Q9900']
|
summary
|
11,274,963
|
[summary] To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, direct exposure is performed on the relatively moving exposure target substrate by using the exposure heads that are arranged so that an overlapping exposed area occurs between adjacent exposed areas after the exposure. Then, the amount of light to be projected onto the exposure target substrate is adjusted so that the amount of light to be projected from the two adjacent exposure heads that contribute to the formation of the overlapped exposed area becomes equal to the amount of light that a single exposure head would project onto an exposure area if the exposure area were to be exposed through the same pattern by the single exposure head alone. FIGS. 1A, 1B , 1 C, 1 D and 1 E are diagrams for explaining the operating principle of an exposure apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 1A schematically shows the exposure heads 11 A, 11 B, and 11 C arranged on the side opposite the exposure target substrate 151 . In the figure, the number of exposure devices Q (indicated by open circles in the figure) and the number of exposure heads are for illustrative purposes only, and this also applies to the other figures given herein. As shown in FIG. 1A , according to the present invention, the exposure apparatus 1 for performing direct exposure on the relatively moving exposure target substrate 151 comprises: the plurality of exposure heads 11 A, 11 B, and 11 C arranged so that overlapping exposed areas 154 AB and 154 BC occur between the respective exposed areas formed on the exposure target substrate 151 as a result of exposure by the respective exposure heads 11 A, 11 B, and 11 C; and light adjusting means (not shown) for adjusting the amount of light to be projected from each pair of adjacent exposure heads 11 onto a corresponding one of the overlapping exposed areas 154 AB and 154 BC so that the amount of the projected light becomes equal to the amount of light that a single exposure head would project onto an exposure area if the exposure area were to be exposed through the same pattern by the single exposure head alone. In this way, according to the present invention, the exposure heads 11 A, 11 B, and 11 C are arranged so that the overlapping exposed areas 154 AB and 154 BC occur due to the projection of light from the respective pairs of adjacent exposure heads, that is, so that the exposure heads overlap each other along the direction perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement of the exposure target substrate. FIGS. 1B, 1C , 1 D, and 1 E show, by way of example, the amount of light projected from the exposure head 11 A, the amount of light projected from the exposure head 11 B, the amount of light projected from the exposure head 11 C, and the sum of the amounts of light, respectively. Generally, in a direct exposure apparatus, of the exposure devices in each exposure head, the exposure devices arrayed along the direction of the relative movement of the exposure target substrate contribute to the direct exposure at a prescribed position on the exposure target substrate. In the present invention, the light adjusting means adjusts the amount of light to be projected from each exposure device in the exposure head so that the amount of light projected from the exposure devices arranged on the same line along the direction of the relative movement and responsible for the projection of light on the overlapping exposed area becomes approximately equal to the amount of light projected from the exposure devices arranged on another line and responsible for the projection of light on an exposed area other than the overlapping exposed area, irrespective of the difference between the numbers of exposure devices arranged on the respective lines. More specifically, the number of exposure devices arranged on the line contributing to the projection of light on the overlapping exposed area is larger than the number of exposure devices arranged on the line contributing to the projection of light on the exposed area other than the overlapping exposed area, but in the present invention, when performing exposure based on the same exposure data, the amount of light to be projected from each exposure device is controlled so that the accumulated amount of projected light necessary for exposure will become the same for any line of exposure devices. For example, in the overlapping exposed area 154 AB for which the exposure head 11 A is responsible, the amount of light to be projected from the exposure head 11 A for exposure is set so as to decrease toward the exposed area's edge overlapping into the exposure head 11 B, as shown in FIG. 1B . Likewise, in the overlapping exposed area 154 AB for which the exposure head 11 B is responsible, the amount of light to be projected from the exposure head 11 B for exposure is set so as to decrease toward the exposed area's edge overlapping into the exposure head 11 A, as shown in FIG. 1C , while in the overlapping exposed area 154 BC, the amount of light to be projected is set so as to decrease toward the exposed area's edge overlapping into the exposure head 11 C. Further, in the overlapping exposed area 154 BC for which the exposure head 11 C is responsible, the amount of light to be projected from the exposure head 11 C for exposure is set so as to decrease toward the exposed area's edge overlapping into the exposure head 11 B, as shown in FIG. 1D . In the overlapping exposed areas 154 AB and 154 BC, the light adjusting means adjusts the amount of projected light so that the sum of the amounts of projected light respectively shown in FIGS. 1B to 1 D becomes equal to the amount of projected light shown in FIG. 1E
|
['G03B2772']
|
summary
|
12,614,016
|
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROMOTING USER GENERATION OF CONTENT [SEP] [abstract] Systems and methods for promoting user generation of content are disclosed. More particularly, embodiments of systems and methods to facilitate the generation of content by users are disclosed. Specifically, in one embodiment, in order to drive generation of desired content, the generation of content by a user may be linked to an opportunity to generate additional content (where the two types of content may be the same or different). In particular, in certain embodiments when a user has generated a first type of content the opportunity to generate a second type of content may be presented to that user
|
['G06F301' 'G06Q9900' 'G06Q3000' 'G06Q5000']
|
abstract
|
11,306,564
|
FABRICATING METHOD FOR FLEXIBLE THIN FILM TRANSISTOR ARRAY SUBSTRATE [SEP] [abstract] A method of fabricating a flexible thin film transistor array substrate is provided. First, a rigid substrate is provided, and a polymer material layer is coated on the rigid substrate. Then, an insulating layer is coated over the polymer material layer by a spin coating process. The insulating layer covers the sides of the polymer material layer. Thereafter, a thin film transistor array is formed over the insulating layer. Then, the polymer material layer having the thin film transistor array is separated from the rigid substrate.
|
['H01L2184']
|
abstract
|
11,546,457
|
[claim] 1. A plasma display panel (PDP), comprising: first and second substrates separated by a predetermined distance and facing each other to form a discharge space therebetween; a plurality of barrier ribs interposed between the first and second substrates and partitioning the discharge space into discharge cells; a plurality of pairs of sustain electrodes; address electrodes crossing the plurality of pairs of sustain electrodes; electron emission members comprising electron emission amplification layers configured to amplify the emission of electrons in the discharge cells and being formed corresponding to at least a portion of the plurality of pairs of sustain electrodes; phosphor layers formed in the discharge cells; and a discharge gas in the discharge cells. 2. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the plurality of pairs of sustain electrodes are parallel to one another and disposed in the barrier ribs. 3. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the electron emission amplification layers are oxidized porous silicon (OPS) layers. 4. The PDP of claim 3, wherein the OPS layers are selected from the group consisting oxidized porous poly silicon (OPPS) layers and oxidized porous amorphous silicon (OPAS) layers. 5. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the electron emission amplification layers have a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure. 6. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the electron emission amplification layers are formed of a boron nitride bamboo shoot (BNBS). 7. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the electron emission amplification layers are formed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). 8. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the electron emission members further comprise emission electrodes disposed on the electron emission amplification layers. 9. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the phosphor layers include a quantum dot (QD). 10. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the electron emission members have the same width as the sustain electrodes. 11. The PDP of claim 1, wherein the sustain electrodes comprise bus electrodes, and the electron emission members have the same width as the bus electrodes. 12. The PDP of claim 1, wherein at least one protective layer is formed on the electron emission members. 13. A PDP comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate spaced apart from each other with a discharge space therebetween; a plurality of barrier ribs interposed between the first and second substrates and partitioning the discharge space into a plurality of discharge cells; first discharge electrodes disposed on the first substrate; second discharge electrodes disposed on the second substrate and crossing the first electrodes; electron emission members comprising electron emission amplification layers configured to amplify the emission of electrons in discharge cells and being formed corresponding to at least a portion of the plurality of pairs of sustain electrodes; phosphor layers arranged in the discharge cells; and a discharge gas in the discharge cells. 14. The PDP of claim 13, further comprising dielectric layers burying the first and second discharge electrodes. 15. The PDP of claim 13, wherein the electron emission amplification layers are OPS layers. 16. The PDP of claim 14, wherein the OPS layers are selected from the group consisting of OPPS layers and OPAS layers. 17. The PDP of claim 13, wherein the electron emission amplification layers have a MIM structure. 18. The PDP of claim 13, wherein the electron emission amplification layers are formed of a BNBS. 19. The PDP of claim 13, wherein the electron emission amplification layers are formed of CNTs. 20. The PDP of claim 13, wherein the electron emission members further comprise emission electrodes disposed on the electron emission amplification layers. 21. The PDP of claim 13, wherein the electron emission members have the same width as the first discharge electrodes or the second discharge electrodes on which the electron emission members are formed. 22. The PDP of claim 13, wherein the phosphor layers include a QD. 23. The PDP of claim 13, wherein at least one protective layer is formed on the electron emission members.
|
['H01J1749']
|
claim
|
12,151,315
|
[summary] According to one aspect of the invention, a toilet seat elevator assembly includes a seat elevator and a bracket for removably connecting the seat elevator to a toilet bowl. The seat elevator has a support portion for resting on the toilet bowl and a mounting portion that extends rearwardly of the support portion. The mounting portion has at least one mounting projection that extends inwardly. The bracket includes a bottom wall that is adapted for securement to the toilet bowl and spaced bracket side walls extending upwardly from the bottom wall. Each bracket side wall has forward and rear edges that extend upwardly from the bottom wall and an elongate slot that extends within each bracket side wall between the forward and rear edges. Each elongate slot is adapted for slidably receiving the at least one mounting projection of the mounting portion to adjust the seat elevator between a retracted position to accommodate various configurations of respective toilet bowls.
|
['A47K1300']
|
summary
|
12,173,836
|
[summary] The important thing in manufacturing a functional circuit formed by using TFTs at a low cost is to use as few masks as possible. That is, CPU and a memory are required to be made by using as few masks as possible. In the conventional multilayer wiring technology, however, at least two masks are required to increase one wiring layer. Therefore, the conventional multilayer technology is not necessarily an efficient method when the functional circuit formed by using TFTs is manufactured. In a typical liquid crystal display device, wirings are formed by using a wiring layer (a first wiring layer) which is used as a gate wiring of a TFT and a lead wiring between TFTs, secondly a wiring layer (a second wiring layer) which is used as a lead wiring between TFTs, a power supply wiring, and a ground wiring, thirdly a contact which connects above-described layers electrically. Therefore, in order to mount a functional circuit on the same substrate without increasing the number of masks, wirings of a functional circuit are required to be formed by using these two wiring layers and the contact, too. To realize an advanced functional circuit, lead wirings between TFTs are very complicated, which lead to occupying a large area. Therefore, in order to reduce the area for a whole functional circuit, the power supply wiring and the ground wiring are required to be made thin so that the arrangement area occupied by the power supply wiring and the ground wiring can be as small as possible. Although, electrical resistances of the power supply wiring and the ground wiring are in inverse proportion to the widths of the power supply wiring and the ground wiring. Therefore, the electrical resistance increases more as the power supply wiring and the ground wiring become narrower. As a result, a power supply voltage drops rapidly in a local circuit of high current consumption. A net power supply voltage applied to the TFT is decreased drastically in the area that the power supply voltage is dropped, and therefore it cannot provide as much TFT performance as expected. This may lead to a malfunction of circuit or a problem such that the designed operation frequency might not be obtained. Similarly, a ground voltage rises, which may lead to a malfunction of circuit or a problem such that the designed operation frequency might be obtained. In this specification, a drop in a net power supply voltage and a rise in a net ground voltage applied to a TFT are referred to as a drop in a power supply voltage collectively, unless otherwise specified. Thus, a power supply wiring and a ground wiring are required to be arranged with the first wiring layer, the second wiring layer and the contact at the same time of forming a gate wiring and a lead wiring between TFTs while occupying as a small area as possible for the power supply wiring and the ground wiring, and further keeping the power supply voltage and the ground voltage equal at each part of the functional circuits. The present invention is made in view of above-described problems in order to provide a semiconductor device and a display device which include lightweight, thin, and high performance functional circuits by the manufacturing functional circuits formed by using TFTs with as few masks as possible while occupying as small area as possible for wirings of the functional circuits, and further keeping the power supply voltage and the ground voltage equal at each part of the functional circuits. In a functional circuit which is formed by using TFTs in a semiconductor device and a display device of the present invention, a power supply wiring and a ground wiring are formed in a comb-like arrangement by using the second wiring and the tips of the wirings formed in the comb-like arrangement are electrically connected with the first wiring and a contact between the first wiring and the second wiring. By using the first wiring, the contact between the first wiring and second wiring, and the second wiring, the power supply wiring and the ground wiring are formed in a grid-like arrangement. The extends of a drop in a power supply voltage and a rise in ground voltage can be drastically decreased in the grid-like arrangement by comparison with the case where the grid-like arrangement is not employed. Furthermore, in the case where the width of wiring are thinned, a drop in a power supply voltage and a rise in a ground voltage can be suppressed to the extent in the case where a grid-like arrangement is not employed, resulting in a drastic decrease in the arrangement area required for the power supply wiring and the ground wiring. Moreover, an electrostatic capacitor can be formed between the power supply wring and the ground wiring at the same time of forming the power supply wiring and the ground wiring. The electrostatic capacitor suppresses the change in the absolute value of potential due to a momentary change in potential, therefore the electrostatic capacitor is preferably provided in terms of a circuit operation. Thus, a semiconductor device and a display device are provided which include functional circuits by manufacturing the functional circuits formed by using TFTs with as few masks as possible while occupying as a small area as possible for wirings of the functional circuits, and further keeping the power supply voltage and the ground voltage equal at each part of the functional circuits. In this manner, a semiconductor device and a display device which are higher in performance and added value can be provided at a low cost. A structure of the invention disclosed in this specification comprising: a semiconductor device comprising a functional circuit including a TFT, wherein a power supply wiring which supplies a power supply voltage to the functional circuit and a ground wiring which supplies a ground voltage to the functional circuit are formed in a grid-like arrangement. Further, another structure of the invention comprising: a semiconductor device comprising a
|
['H01L2712']
|
summary
|
12,533,583
|
METHOD, DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR ESTABLISHING A BEARER FOR A GSM NETWORK [SEP] [abstract] A method for establishing a bearer for a GSM network is disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. The method includes: receiving, by a Media Gateway, a message for adding a wireless side end point, assigning an IP address and a port number for a call and transmitting a response message containing the IP address and the port number assigned for the call; acquiring, by the Media Gateway, the IP address and the port number assigned for the call by the Base Station Controller via the Mobile Switching Center Server and establishing an IP bearer with the Base Station Controller. A device and a system for establishing a bearer for a GSM network are also disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. With the present invention, a full or part path transcoder-free operation may be realized, which can avoid quality reduction and transmission delay.
|
['H04W7204']
|
abstract
|
11,150,977
|
[description] FIGS. 1A and 1B are block diagrams of the functional configuration of the server and the client to which the present invention is applied; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the hardware environment of a computer used for the server and the client shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B; FIG. 3 is a descriptive view of the change screen of the MAC address in the client shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B; FIGS. 4A and 4B are descriptive views of the registry editor screen before changing the MAC address; FIGS. 5A and 5B are descriptive views of the registry editor screen after changing the MAC address; FIG. 6 is a flowchart of client processing shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B; FIG. 7 is a flowchart of server processing shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B; FIGS. 8A and 8B are block diagrams of another embodiment of the present invention in which an inquiry is made to the manager's device; and FIGS. 9A and 9B are flowcharts of server processing shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
|
['G06F1200']
|
detailed_description
|
11,530,198
|
[invention] The present disclosure generally relates to cross-linking a polymeric coating composition using microwave irradiation. More specifically, once cross-linked, the polymeric coating composition forms a cured three dimensional structure that is capable of entrapping colorants such as dyes, pigments, and inks on the surface of substrates. The substrates can include paper, non-wovens, films, glass, metals, plastics, and textiles. In nearly all dyeing and printing processes, some fraction of the applied colorant will not bind to the substrate. These unbound dyes and reactants must typically be removed by a water rinsing process, generating large quantities of waste effluent. Furthermore, large quantities of colorant must be applied to the substrate to provide sufficient color intensity coverage after the dyeing process. As such, these conventional processes are inefficient and costly to the manufacturer. There have been many attempts to trap colorant on the surface of substrates. For example, many previous attempts have relied upon free radical polymerization and cross-linking mechanisms to produce three dimensional structures to trap colorants. These mechanisms, however, require the use of ultraviolet (UV) or electron beam (EB) exposure. Systems for undergoing UV and EB exposure are susceptible to polymerization inhibition by the oxygen in the air. Solutions for preventing polymerization inhibition are complex and costly. Additionally, both UV and EB radiation are surface limited in terms of penetration into the colorant material. As such, long dwell times under the radiation source or increased energy from the radiation source are required to cure the colorant compositions, thereby increasing the cost of the process and reducing production rate. Based on the foregoing, there is a need in the art for a curing process that is capable of entrapping colorant onto a substrate without the use of UV or EB radiation. Additionally, it would be advantageous if the process could be conducted at lower temperatures and for a shorter period of time, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.
|
['C08F248' 'C08J718']
|
background
|
11,563,332
|
NON-CYANIDE SILVER PLATING BATH COMPOSITION [SEP] [abstract] Disclosed is an electroplating solution for the deposition of silver; said solution containing silver in the form of a complex of silver with hydantoin or a substituted hydantoin compound; said solution also containing an excess of the hydantoin or substituted hydantoin compound employed, together with an effective quantity of a nonprecipitating electrolyte salt, and also an effective quantity of 2,2′ dipyridyl for the purpose of obtaining a mirror-bright to brilliant deposit.
|
['C25D346']
|
abstract
|
11,131,107
|
[invention] This specification is directed to computer systems and more specifically to disk space partitioning. Conventional disk space allocation involves partitioning. Traditionally, a storage array will divide all its disks into partitions and then combine partitions from one or more disks to construct virtual disks (e.g., Logical Unit Numbers or LUNs). The partitions may be combined via striping, concatenation, mirroring, or a combination of these mechanisms. These methods have at least two disadvantages. First, performance across a disk is not uniform. That is, blocks or partitions near the outer rim of a disk perform significantly better than those nearer the center of the disk. This is due to the speed at which the outer rim rotates in relation to the inner rim of the disk. This performance difference is commonly ignored because it is complicated to take into consideration. Software on the host does not know where its allocated space (e.g., virtual disk) is located on the physical disk, and it cannot assume that higher disk addresses are closer to the center of the disk (e.g. if there are several partitions on a disk). Thus this performance difference is not well exploited. Second, a file system will usually consume the lower disk addresses first leaving the free space at higher addresses. This works well if the file system is using the whole physical disk. However if there are several partitions on a physical disk assigned to different hosts, then the allocated locations are separated by gaps of unused space. This results in larger seeks as the I/O is serviced for the different partitions. Assigning whole physical disks to hosts is frequently impractical because it is too large a lump of storage. Thus partitioning disks becomes necessary, but causes the above problems. A new method of disk space partitioning is needed to solve the problems discussed above. Embodiments herein describe stippling, a method of dividing disk space that manages disk space and performance. In one embodiment stippling may include setting stippling parameters, and configuring stipples. In another embodiment, stippling may include dividing a disk into equal portion spaces, grouping the equal portion spaces into equal size sets and allocating a portion of each set to each of a plurality of stipples. In yet another embodiment a method of managing disk performance may include interleaving stipples.
|
['G06F1328' 'G06F1200']
|
background
|
11,877,002
|
[description] From a delivery and distribution standpoint, a gas cylinder with less than 40 psig of oxygen is not considered a hazardous material whereas a oxygen cylinder with a pressure of 40 psig or greater must be documented, packaged, handled, and shipped as a hazardous material. Many medical gas suppliers are fully capable of handling, packaging and shipping filled gas cylinders as a properly documented hazardous material, whether by its own distribution network or via commercial carriers. On the other hand, empty portable medical gas systems are not considered hazardous materials and can be readily shipped via commercial carrier or commercial delivery services by the customer. However, utilization of commercial delivery services would be available only if the supplier was able to assure or guarantee the carriers that the gas cylinders packaged and return shipped by customers are empty or otherwise have less than 40 psig in the cylinder. There are various means to assure that returned medical gas cylinders are empty or otherwise have a pressure of less than 40 psig in the cylinder. One preferred method, shown and described in FIGS. 1 through 3, provide a portable medical gas system that includes an integrated pressure regulator and flow control valve designed to allow the user to “open” the unit and dispense the medical gas but would prevent the user from closing the unit. Upon its initial use, the oxygen or other medical gas within the cylinder would continuously flow out of the gas cylinder until the gas cylinder reaches a sufficiently low pressure (e.g. atmospheric pressure). When empty, the pressure in the gas cylinder is below 40 psig and the cylinder can be returned as a non-hazardous material via commercial carrier. As described below, this “single-use” type flow control valve or dispensing valve is most useful for portable emergency oxygen systems and applications. Referring now to the drawings, and in particular FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, there is shown an embodiment of the emergency medical gas system 10 for use with the present invention. The specific embodiment illustrated is designed to dispense therapeutic respiratory gas such as oxygen or mixtures of gas that might include oxygen with helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, etc. Thus, the specific embodiment is not to be taken as limiting in that the present invention is equally applicable to other gas dispensing applications that require the use of compressed gas cylinders and the dispensing of the gas at a regulated pressure. The emergency medical gas system 10 includes a gas cylinder 12 having a body portion 14 and a neck portion 16. Attached to the neck portion 16 of the cylinder is the gas cylinder flow control valve 20. Gas cylinder flow control valve 20 is conventionally fabricated from forged brass whereas control knob 30 is preferably fabricated from impact resistant plastic. The gas cylinder is preferably a small 3¼ inch diameter aluminum cylinder that can dispense approximately 160 liters of oxygen at 50 psig. The entire portable medical gas system is about 18 inches tall, 3¼ inches in diameter and weighs approximately 3 lbs. Gas cylinder flow control valve 20 is provided with an upper section 22 having a gas outlet 24 to discharge the gas to be dispensed. As illustrated, gas outlet 24 is in the form of a nipple-like fitting designed to couple with a hose for dispensing the oxygen to a patient for therapeutic purposes. The gas cylinder flow control valve 20 also includes a lower section 26 that is configured to couple with the neck portion 16 of a compressed gas cylinder 12 by way of threads (not shown). The flow rate of the medical gas from the gas cylinder is controlled by the single-use gas cylinder flow control valve 20, which is activated by control knob 30. Control knob 30 is connected to a control shaft 38 that is operatively engaged with the gas cylinder flow control valve 20. Rotation of control knob 30 in a first direction initiates the flow of the medical gas a specified flow rate by turning control shaft 38 which opens the internal flow path within the gas cylinder flow control valve 20. Once the gas cylinder flow control valve 20 is activated, high pressure gas from the gas cylinder 12 passes through an internal flow path having passages within lower section 26 and upper section 22 to the gas outlet 24. The compressed gas enters such internal flow path through a gas inlet 28 provided in lower section 26 of and is discharged after having been regulated through gas outlet 24. The actual means for pressure regulation of the medical gas is a conventional pressure regulator 34 that is designed to reduce the gas pressure to a level suitable for patient use, for instance, 50 psig. The pressure regulator 34 can also be said to divide the internal flow path for the gas into high and low pressure sides. A gauge 32 is also provided along the internal flow path on the high pressure side to measure the pressure of the medical gas in order to determine whether the compressed gas cylinder 12 is full, partially full or empty. The illustrated gas cylinder flow control valve 20 is a ‘single-use’ valve. That is to say, once activated or opened by rotating the control knob 30 in a first direction, the pressurized gas continuously flows from the gas cylinder 12 through the gas cylinder flow control valve 20 to the outlet 24 until the gas cylinder 12 is empty. The gas cylinder flow control valve 20 cannot be closed by the user and the control knob 30 cannot be rotated in an opposite direction by the user. In the illustrated embodiments, rotation of control knob 30 and thus the control shaft 38 is controlled by a lock collar 40 attached to flow control valve 20 proximate the control shaft 38 and corresponding projections (not shown) disposed on the underside of the control knob 30 that are aligned with the lock collar
|
['B67D534']
|
detailed_description
|
11,432,617
|
Coding module, a bio sensing meter and a system for operating a bio sensing meter [SEP] [abstract] This invention relates to bio sensing meters for determining the presence of an analyte in a biological sample, and, more particularly, to a bio sensing meter whose operation is controlled by a code provided by a removably pluggable coding module. The invention further relates to a coding module pluggable into a bio sensing meter for receiving a sample strip. The coding module defines at least one code, said code ciphering at least one parameter value that is employed in controlling the operation of said meter, for example by controlling the execution of an algorithm performed by the meter that enables determination of an analyte concentration value. The at least one code is represented by at least one electrical component having a determined characteristic, preferably a resistance.
|
['G01N3348']
|
abstract
|
11,291,119
|
[claim] 1. A sunvisor attachment apparatus comprising: a mounting bezel configured to retain a sunvisor sub-assembly, said mounting bezel including: an alignment protrusion adapted to engage a predefined portion of a vehicle and thereby align the mounting bezel relative to the vehicle, the alignment protrusion including a mounting clip configured to temporarily retain the mounting bezel to the vehicle; and an attachment boss positioned to align with a complementary attachment feature of the vehicle when the mounting bezel is aligned relative to the vehicle; wherein the attachment boss is adapted to receive a fastener to more permanently attach the mounting bezel to the vehicle after the mounting clip temporarily retains the mounting bezel to the vehicle, and wherein said temporary retention of the mounting bezel to the vehicle allows the fastener to be driven to more permanently attach the mounting bezel to the vehicle in a simplified hands-free manner. 2. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mounting bezel defines an access port configured to provide access to the mounting clip such that the mounting clip can be retracted to conveniently service the sunvisor sub-assembly. 3. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the mounting bezel includes three attachment bosses positioned such that when the mounting bezel is attached to the vehicle, two of the attachment bosses are aligned with a windshield of the vehicle and two of the attachment bosses are aligned with a side door of the vehicle. 4. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the mounting bezel includes two alignment protrusions adapted to engage a predefined portion of a vehicle and thereby align the mounting bezel relative to the vehicle. 5. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 4, wherein the fastener is a screw. 6. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 5, wherein the mounting bezel includes a visor retention tower to which the sunvisor sub-assembly is attached using a snap-fit operation. 7. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a modular plate attachable to said mounting bezel such that a vehicle headliner is trapped therebetween. 8. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a fastener cover attached to the mounting bezel, said fastener cover configured to cover a portion of the fastener. 9. The sunvisor attachment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attachment boss includes a strippable rib adapted to retain the fastener. 10. A method for attaching a sunvisor to a vehicle comprising: attaching a sunvisor sub-assembly to a mounting bezel, said mounting bezel including an attachment boss and an alignment protrusion having a mounting clip; aligning the mounting bezel to the vehicle by engaging the alignment protrusion with a predefined portion of the vehicle; engaging said mounting clip with said vehicle to temporarily attach the mounting bezel to the vehicle; and driving a fastener through the attachment boss into engagement with the vehicle after the mounting bezel has been temporarily attached to the vehicle, wherein said temporary retention of the mounting bezel to the vehicle allows the fastener to be driven without physically supporting the mounting bezel such that a more permanent attachment of the mounting bezel to the vehicle can be obtained in a simplified hands-free manner. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising attaching the mounting bezel to a modular plate such that a headliner is trapped therebetween before aligning the mounting bezel to the vehicle. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein said aligning the mounting bezel to the vehicle is performed while the headliner is being attached to the vehicle. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising attaching a fastener cover to the mounting bezel. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising providing an access port defined by the mounting bezel, wherein said access port is configured to provide access to the mounting clip such that the mounting clip can be retracted to conveniently service the sunvisor sub-assembly. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein said attaching a sunvisor sub-assembly to a mounting bezel is performed with a snap-fit operation. 16. A method for attaching a sunvisor to a vehicle comprising: attaching a sunvisor sub-assembly to a mounting bezel, said mounting bezel including an attachment boss and an alignment protrusion having a retractable mounting clip; attaching the mounting bezel to a modular plate such that a headliner is trapped therebetween; installing the headliner into a vehicle after the mounting bezel and modular plate have been attached thereto; engaging the alignment protrusion with a predefined portion of the vehicle while the headliner is being installed such that the mounting bezel is aligned with the vehicle; engaging said mounting clip with said vehicle to temporarily attach the mounting bezel to the vehicle; and driving a fastener through the attachment boss into engagement with the vehicle after the mounting bezel has been temporarily attached to the vehicle, wherein said temporary attachment of the mounting bezel to the vehicle allows the fastener to be driven without physically supporting the mounting bezel such that a more permanent attachment of the mounting bezel to the vehicle can be obtained in a simplified hands-free manner. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising attaching a fastener cover to the mounting bezel. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising providing an access port defined by the mounting bezel, wherein said access port is configured to provide access to the mounting clip such that the mounting clip can be retracted to conveniently service the sunvisor sub-assembly.
|
['B60J302']
|
claim
|
11,946,927
|
[description] Preferred embodiments and their advantages are best understood by reference to FIGS. 2 through 3C, wherein like numbers are used to indicate like and corresponding parts. For the purposes of this disclosure, an information handling system may include any instrumentality or aggregate of instrumentalities operable to compute, classify, process, transmit, receive, retrieve, originate, switch, store, display, manifest, detect, record, reproduce, handle, or utilize any form of information, intelligence, or data for business, scientific, control, entertainment, or other purposes. For example, an information handling system may be a personal computer, a PDA, a consumer electronic device, a network storage device, or any other suitable device and may vary in size, shape, performance, functionality, and price. The information handling system may include memory, one or more processing resources such as a central processing unit (CPU) or hardware or software control logic. Additional components or the information handling system may include one or more storage devices, one or more communications ports for communicating with external devices as well as various input and output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, and a video display. The information handling system may also include one or more buses operable to transmit communication between the various hardware components. As discussed above, an information handling system may include or may be coupled via a storage network to an array of storage resources. The array of storage resources may include a plurality of storage resources, and may be operable to perform one or more input and/or output storage operations, and/or may be structured to provide redundancy. In operation, one or more storage resources disposed in an array of storage resources may appear to an operating system as a single logical storage unit or “logical unit.” In certain embodiments, an array of storage resources may be implemented as a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (also referred to as a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks or a RAID).
|
['G06F1314']
|
detailed_description
|
11,840,744
|
[summary] The present invention provides a structure and methods to create a modular cloning vectors for the synthesis of a genetic domain module, a PE 3 transgene, and other complicated DNA constructs, by providing a backbone within the modular cloning vectors having dedicated docking points known as gene pivots therein. The present invention relates to a domain module docking vector consisting of a DNA cloning vector, comprising a multiple cloning (MC) module for sub-cloning a genetic material of interest into the MC module, the MC module comprising: a) a first gene pivot (GP) comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites operable to define the 5′ portion of the MC module; b) a nucleic acid sequence comprising a multiple cloning site (MCS) comprising a plurality of restriction sites selected from common restriction sites that are unique within the domain module docking vector, to provide cloning sites for the cloning of the genetic material of interest into the MC module; and c) a second gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction site operable to define the 3′ portion of the MC module. The present invention also relates to a domain module vector consisting of a DNA cloning vector, comprising a domain module that comprises: a) a first gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites operable to define the 5′ portion of the domain module; b) a genetic module of interest consisting of a nucleic acid sequence comprising a genetic material of interest; and c) a second gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites operable to define the 3′ portion of the domain module. The present invention also relates to a PE 3 docking vector consisting of a DNA cloning vector, comprising a PE 3 cloning module that comprises at least one cloning module, configured for cloning at least a first domain module into the PE 3 cloning module, the PE 3 cloning module comprising: a) a first gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define the 5′ portion of the at least first domain module; b) a stuffer module consisting of a first nucleic acid sequence comprising stuffer, that upon cloning is replaced by the first domain module; and c) a second gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define the 3′ portion of the at least first domain module. The present invention also relates to a PE 3 docking vector consisting of a DNA cloning vector, comprising a PE 3 cloning module that comprises a plurality of cloning modules, configured for cloning a plurality of domain modules into the PE 3 cloning module, the PE 3 cloning module comprising: a) a first gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define the 5′ portion of a first domain module; b) a first stuffer module consisting of a first nucleic acid sequence comprising stuffer, that upon cloning is replaced by the first domain module; c) a second gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define a shared junction between the 3′ portion of the first domain module and the 5′ portion of a second domain module; d) a second stuffer module consisting of a second nucleic acid sequence comprising stuffer, that upon cloning is replaced by the second domain module; e) a third gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define a shared junction between the 3′ portion of the second domain module and the 5′ portion of a third domain module; f) a third stuffer module consisting of a third nucleic acid sequence comprising stuffer, that upon cloning is replaced by the third domain module; and g) a fourth gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define the 3′ portion of the third domain module. The present invention further relates to a PE 3 multiple cloning (MC) docking vector consisting of a DNA cloning vector, comprising a PE 3 cloning module configured for cloning at least a three domain modules into the PE 3 cloning module, the PE 3 cloning module comprising: a) a first gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define the 5′ portion of a first domain module; b) a first nucleic acid sequence; c) a second gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define a shared junction between the 3′ portion of the first domain module and the 5′ portion of the second domain module; d) a second nucleic acid sequence; e) a third gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define a shared junction between the 3′ portion of the second domain module and the 5′ portion of the third domain module; f) a third nucleic acid sequence; and g) a fourth gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites that upon cloning is operable to define a shared junction between the 3′ portion of the third domain module; wherein at least one of the first, second and third nucleic acid sequences is a multiple cloning module comprising a multiple cloning site (MCS) comprising a plurality of restrictions sites selected from common restriction sites that are unique within the PE 3 docking vector, to provide cloning sites for the cloning of the genetic material of interest into the multiple cloning module, and the remaining nucleic acid sequences are stuffer sequences. The present invention further relates to a PE 3 vector consisting of a DNA cloning vector, comprising a PE 3 module that comprises a Promoter module, an Expression module and a 3′ Regulatory module, the PE 3 module comprising: a) a first gene pivot comprising at least two non-variable rare restriction sites operable to define the
|
['C12N1500']
|
summary
|
12,515,810
|
[summary] This invention is based on the recognition that there is another, and very significant, reason for the limited greyscale capability of current electrophoretic display designs, due to a phenomenon known as electro-hydrodynamic flow. Electro-hydrodynamic flow (EHDF) is a form of local and/or global turbulence (within a pixel or a capsule) that arises under the influence of an externally applied electric field. It has been observed by the inventors that EHDF is often unstable, random and non-linear in nature, thereby causing the particle trajectories to deviate substantially from the intended particles trajectory. It may therefore be understood that the heavily disturbed particle trajectories lead to irreproducibility in the greyscale, in turn causing visible color non-uniformity, both across the display as well as from pixel to pixel. One solution to the problem is to drive the electrophoretic display at low or very low drive fields at the expense of the image update speed. However, unacceptably long update times result. There is therefore a need to provide more reliably repeatable grey levels for an electrophoretic display, and at higher drive voltages, and this can then enable an increase in the number of grey levels. According to the invention, there is provided a method of driving an electronic device comprising one or more device elements, the or each device element comprising particles which are moved to control a device element state, and the or each device element comprising a collector electrode, and an output electrode, wherein the method comprises: in a reset phase, applying a first set of control signals to control the device to move the particles to a reset electrode; and in an addressing phase, applying a second set of control signals to control the device to move the particles from the reset electrode such that a desired number of particles are at the output electrode, wherein the second set of control signals comprises a pulse waveform oscillating between first and second voltages in which the first voltage is for attracting the particles to the reset electrode and the second voltage is for attracting the particles from the reset electrode to the output electrode, and wherein the duty cycle and the magnitude of the first and second voltage of the pulse waveform determines the proportion of particles transferred to the output electrode in the addressing phase. This control method provides well-controlled “packets of particles” at the reset electrode before being passed on, in part, towards the output electrode This method can be used for particles with or without threshold. The reset electrode may comprise one of the collector electrode and output electrode. For particles having a threshold, one of the first and second voltages can be below the threshold and the other of the first and second voltages can be above the threshold. The first voltage of the pulse waveform may have the magnitude above the threshold value, whilst the second voltage may have the magnitude of the voltage below the threshold value. Both voltages may be above the threshold. Thus it may be understood that the pigment packages can be displaced in one direction only, or in both directions. For particles with no threshold each device element preferably further comprises a gate electrode, and the reset electrode comprises one of the collector electrode, output electrode and the gate electrode. In this case, the packets of particles are passed between the reset electrode and the output electrode via the gate electrode. The transfer of particles for particles having no threshold is only for a duty-cycle controlled period of time during the device element addressing cycle. For devices utilizing particles having no threshold the impact of EHDF is interrupted by means “wave breaking”. In all cases the particle quantity defines an element state, for example for display applications, this method provides repeatable and accurately controllable grey levels. In particular, the drive method can be considered to suppress the impact of EHDF by interrupting the flow. For an arrangement with a gate electrode, when the first voltage of the pulse waveform is applied, the gate electrode can prevent movement of particles from the output electrode to the reset electrode, so that particles already at the output electrode are held there. When the second voltage of the pulse waveform is applied, the gate electrode can allow movement of particles from the reset electrode to the output electrode. In this way, the gate electrode acts an interrupt device, which allows particles to move from the reset electrode to the output electrode during one phase, and then interrupts the particle movement in the other phase to send particles back to the reset electrode which have not reached the output electrode. The gate electrode is preferably between the reset electrode and the output electrode for this purpose. The method may further comprise an evolution phase, in which a third set of control signals is applied to control the device to spread the particles collected at the output electrode across an output area of the device element. In this way, the output electrode may be a temporary storage electrode. The evolution phase can be in parallel for all device elements, so that a rapid addressing scheme is formed, with most of the particle movement being performed in parallel. The method may be for driving an electrophoretic display, for example an in-plane electrophoretic display device, wherein each device element comprises an electrophoretic display pixel. The gate electrode is preferably positioned symmetrically between the collector electrode and the output electrode. The reset electrode may comprise the collector electrode. In this case, and for an arrangement with a gate electrode, the second set of control signals comprises a first gate voltage for device elements for which the transfer of particles from the collector electrode to the output electrode is to be controlled and a second gate voltage for device elements for which the transfer of particles from the collector electrode to the output electrode is locked. Thus, in a row-by-row addressing sequence, for an addressed row, the first gate voltage can be
|
['G09G500']
|
summary
|
12,570,265
|
[description] Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 an isometric illustration of the turbine bucket airfoil, as embodied by the invention, with a coordinate system superimposed thereon. The turbine bucket airfoil 10 comprises a base 11 and an airfoil portion 12. Also illustrated in FIG. 1 is a Cartesian coordinate system, shown with axes X, Y, and Z. These axes are based on a system relative to an engine coordinate. The X and Y coordinates, and their values (described hereinafter) are given in distance dimensions, where the Z coordinate is in a normalized form. These coordinates, however, are based on a system relative to the engine coordinate system. Moreover, the coordinates however, are based on a system relative to the engine coordinate system. The engine coordinate system is defined having the X axis in engine an axial engine direction, the Y axis in a circumferential direction, and the Z axis in the radial (outward) engine direction from the engine centerline as shown in FIG. 1. The coordinate system that defines the profile however, is based on its own geometry and is relative to the aforementioned engine coordinate system. This relative coordinate system, as embodied by the invention, is based on a reference plane (FIG. 2) defined by three points located on the bucket airfoil. The plane illustrated in FIG. 2 is oriented such that it is generally aligned with the leading edge and the chord line of the turbine bucket airfoil 10, as embodied by the invention. The first two points of the plane are located along the leading edge, as seen in FIG. 2, this will define Z axis. The topmost point 2 is intended to be high along the turbine bucket airfoil 10, but be kept below the tip shelf to avoid any fillets and cooling holes. With this radial location, the point on the turbine bucket airfoil 10 that has the minimum axial location is used to define this point in space. This point, referenced as point 2, is also the origin of a new coordinate system. The bottom most point 1 along a leading edge of the turbine bucket airfoil 10 is intended to be close to the turbine bucket airfoil 10 platform 13 at the base 11, but to be above the airfoil fillet. Similarly while keeping the radial location, the point on the turbine bucket airfoil 10 with the minimum axial location is used to define this point in space. The third point 3 that defines a plane is located along a trailing edge of the turbine bucket airfoil 10. This point will orient the plane along the chord line of the turbine bucket airfoil 10, which will be the direction of the relative X axis. It is defined by the axial coordinate along the same radial position as point 2. The resultant plane 15 is illustrated in FIG. 3. Comparing this plane 15 to the engine coordinate system, at least three angles of orientation are defined, as embodied by the invention. These angles define how the relative coordinate system can be rotated to align with the leading edge and chord line, and are illustrated in FIGS. 4-6. The rotated relative coordinate system can be seen in FIG. 7, it is aligned with the turbine bucket airfoil 10 and is easily defined in accordance with the reference frame. Since it is a relative coordinate system based on the turbine bucket airfoil 10 geometry, it can be used to define sectioned points that make up the turbine bucket airfoil 10 profile. As embodied by the invention, in FIG. 4, the angle α defines an angle of about 11.8 degrees out of the page about the X axis. In FIG. 5, the angle defines an angle of about 3.5 degrees about the Y axis, into the page. Further, the angle in FIG. 6 defines an angle of about 40.2 degrees about the Z axis, into the page. With the new coordinate system, sections 1-12, as illustrated in Figure can be taken directly along the Z axis and points can be populated around these sections. These points as previously stated are defined in the X and Y component with distance dimensions. The dimensions are now referenced from the new relative coordinate system. The Z component is non-dimensionalized. The value of Z′ found in the Table is multiplied by the span or the airfoil height dimension. In this case, a first stage bucket airfoil, as embodied by the invention, has a span of about 6.889″, as embodied by the invention. Once the distance Z dimension is determined, it is then added to the root radius of the turbine bucket airfoil 10 to give an actual Z distance from the rotational axis, for the first stage bucket the root radius is about 40.216″. There are twelve sections of points for the exemplary turbine bucket airfoil, as embodied by the invention, from the root of the turbine bucket airfoil 10 to the tip as shown in FIG. 8. Each respective section contains 146 points; these points are defined in the Table. They are referenced from the coordinate system that is based on the turbine bucket airfoil 10 geometry. Each of these sections defines areas of essentially constant radius in the turbine bucket airfoil 10, as embodied by the invention. The flow path that includes the turbine bucket airfoil, as embodied by the invention, comprises any number of rotor stages and stator stages, for example seventeen stages. However, the exact number of rotor and stator stages is a choice of engineering design. Any number of rotor and stator stages can be provided, as embodied by the invention. The seventeen stages are merely exemplary of one turbine design. The number of stages is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. To define the turbine bucket airfoil, a unique set or loci of points in space are provided. This unique set or loci of points are defined in the Table and meet the stage requirements so the stage can be manufactured. This
|
['F01D514' 'F01D902']
|
detailed_description
|
12,435,553
|
[summary] There is a need therefore to address the problem of allowing smaller institutions to trade on a system in which they have limited credit with many of the counter-parties, without being forced to accept poor prices. The present invention aims to address that need. According to the invention there is provided a method of trading instruments on a trading system in which a plurality of counter-parties trade with each other comprising the steps of: displaying to a first party a quote having the best price in the market for which a third party has credit to deal; initiating by the first party a trade at the best price, wherein the trade is conducted by executing a first deal between the third party and the counter-party owning the best price quote; and executing a second deal between the third party and the first party, the amount of the second deal being the same as the amount of the first deal. The invention also provides a method of executing trades on a trading system comprising a plurality of counter-parties, comprising: displaying to a first trading party on the system the best price available by trading through a third party; executing a first deal between the third party and the party offering the best price; and executing a second deal between the third party and the first trading party for the same amount as the amount of the first deal. The invention also provides a trading system for trading fungibles between counter-parties, the trading system comprising: a matching engine for matching quotes for execution of deals; a plurality of trading floors for receiving price information relating to quotes submitted by counterparties with whom the trading floors have credit; the price information communicated to at least one trading floor including the best price in the market for which a third party has credit to deal; a trade initiator at a first party trading floor for initiating a trade at the best price, the trade being conducted by executing a first deal between the third party and the counter-party owning the best price quote; and wherein the third party comprises software for executing said first deal and executing a second deal between the third party and the first party, the amount of the second deal being the same as the amount of the first deal. The invention further provides a system for executing trades on a trading system comprising a plurality of counter-parties, comprising: software for executing a first deal between a third party and a party offering the best price, the third party trading on behalf of a first party; and software for executing a second deal between the third party and the first trading party for the same amount as the amount of the first deal. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an institution trading on an anonymous trading system may act as a prime broker, conducting trades on behalf of parties who have no credit with a party who is offering the best price in the market. Institutions who are willing to trade via a prime broker are shown the best price that is available to them. If they do not have credit with the owner of that price, a trade will be conducted on their behalf by the prime broker. A second trade is then conducted for the same amount between themselves and the prime broker. The price at which the second trade or deal is executed may be the same as that of the first deal or it may be adjusted to incorporate the prime broker's fee. Preferably the prime broker is assigned a deal code unique to trades conducted on behalf of clients. The other side to these trades, and other traders on the trading system, will not be aware of the identity of the party on whose behalf the prime broker is trading. Prime broker trades are initiated by a trader at the client institution. The trader may have a single workstation that gives him the option of trading on behalf of his institution or via a prime broker. Alternatively he may have a dedicated terminal or workstation for prime broker trades. Such a terminal might be owned by the prime broker. However, trades conducted via that terminal are initiated by the client institution. In one preferred embodiment, the party on whose behalf the prime broker trades is a hedge fund. The hedge fund comprises a plurality of funds and enters the list of funds into the trading system, and provides them to the prime broker who maps them onto existing codes for those parties. The hedge fund, on receipt of a deal ticket breaks the completed deal down into a plurality of deals related to the plurality of hedge funds. The deal ticket may include information enabling the deal to be broken down. In one preferred embodiment, the prime broker customer may itself execute a further deal for the same amount with one of its own customers. This deal may be at the same price as the deal it concluded with the prime broker or may be weighted to include a transaction fee. Multiple prime brokers may be available to a given party. The party may include a display of the prices available from each of a plurality of prime brokers or just the best prime broker price available. Alternatively, the price shown may be a blend of the best prime broker price and the best price available by direct dealing. Preferably, credit between a prime broker and its customer is netted, so that credit is adjusted following a deal made by the prime broker on behalf of a customer in the opposite direction for a buy trade than for a sell trade. Preferably, the matching rules run by the matching engine follow a price, time priority unless the prime broker, trading on its own behalf has a more recent quote in the market at the same price. In this case the prime broker quote is
|
['G06Q4000']
|
summary
|
11,371,111
|
[invention] Dry and wet floor cleaning operations are generally performed by dry carpet vacuum cleaners, wet carpet vacuum cleaners, hard floor sweepers and hard floor scrubbers. Dry carpet vacuum cleaners generally include a sweeping brush that rotates in a horizontal plane (i.e., parallel to the surface being cleaned) and a vacuum driven waste collection system. The rotating bristle brush beats and scrapes the carpet surface, and sweeps dust and debris into position for removal by the vacuum driven waste collection system. Wet carpet vacuum cleaners generally include a scrubbing brush, a carpet cleaning liquid applicator, and a vacuum driven waste fluid recovery system. The carpet cleaning liquid applicator applies a very small amount of cleaning liquid or a dry cleaning liquid foam to the carpet surface. The scrubbing brush scrubs the cleaning liquid covered carpet and the vacuum driven waste collection system sucks the soiled cleaning liquid from the carpet and into a recovery tank. In order to prevent the vacuum driven waste recovery system from being clogged with large debris particles, the carpet is typically vacuumed with a dry carpet vacuum cleaner prior to performing the wet carpet cleaning operation. Hard floor sweepers are similar to carpet cleaners in that they utilize a rotating sweeping brush to sweep dust and debris from the surface, which is then collected by a vacuum driven waste collection system. Such hard floor sweepers often include a dust control system that sprays the surface with water prior to engaging the surface with the sweeping brush to prevent sweeping the dust on the surface into the air. Hard floor sweepers are generally not used on carpeted surfaces due to problems with static charge buildup, which can reset the electronics of the sweeper. Even when static straps, chains, and other components are used to “ground” the sweeper, problems with static charge buildup are encountered. Hard floor scrubbers typically include a cleaning liquid applicator, one or more rotating scrubber brushes, and a vacuum driven—waste collection system. The cleaning liquid applicator generally sprays cleaning liquid, or a foamed cleaning liquid, to the hard floor surface which is then scrubbed by the rotating scrubber brush. The scrubber brush, includes a horizontal scrubbing member (bristle brush or cleaning pad) that rotates about a vertical axis. The vacuum driven waste collection system generally includes a squeegee positioned at the rear end of the cleaner adjacent the scrubbing member that engages the floor and pools the liquid and debris. A vacuum sucks the pooled liquid and debris through a hose and deposits the collected waste into a recovery tank. Prior to performing a hard floor scrubbing operation, it is generally necessary to first perform a sweeping operation on the floor. This is necessary to prevent the vacuum driven waste recovery system of the scrubber from being clogged with large debris particles. Combination hard floor cleaners have been developed that include both a hard floor sweeper and a hard floor scrubber, which eliminates the need for two separate machines. Such cleaners typically include two vacuum driven waste recovery systems: one for the collection of the dry or slightly damp debris collected by the sweeping system; and one for the soiled cleaning liquid produced by the scrubbing system. Cleaning operations of multiple floor surfaces, such as those involved in both carpeted areas and hard floor surface areas (e.g., airports, offices, schools, etc.), require the use of multiple surface cleaners, such as, dry and wet carpet vacuum cleaners, and a hard floor sweeper and scrubber. The use of such multiple machines to perform cleaning operations is time-consuming. First, the carpeted areas must be vacuumed with a dry carpet vacuum cleaner. Next, the carpeted areas must be cleaned with the wet carpet vacuum cleaner. Finally, the hard floor surface areas must be cleaned by either performing sweeping and scrubbing operations. using a hard floor surface sweeper and a hard floor surface scrubber, or with a combination hard floor surface cleaner. Such multi-surface cleaning operations are costly due to the number of machines that are involved. Not only must each of the machines be properly maintained, but operators of the machines must be trained on each and enough storage space must be made available to store the machines. Additionally, the vacuum systems of the dry and wet carpet cleaners and the hard floor sweepers and scrubbers consume a large percentage of the energy required to operate them. In addition to high energy costs, the operating runtime of battery powered systems, such as walk-behind hard floor scrubbers and sweepers, is significantly limited by their vacuum systems. As a result, larger batteries are required to provide the desired longer runtimes. Such batteries increase the cost of the machine due to the expense of the batteries themselves. Additionally, the machines become more expensive due to the necessity to make them larger in order to accommodate for the large batteries. The significant noise generated by the vacuum systems of the dry and wet carpet cleaners and the hard floor sweepers and scrubbers is also problematic. For instance, it is common for businesses to have floor cleaning operations performed during non-business hours to avoid disturbing customers and employees by the machines. Even so, the need often arises to have a cleaning operation conducted during peak business hours resulting in a significant disturbance. Embodiments of the present invention provide solutions to these and other problems, and offer other advantages over the prior art.
|
['A47L11282']
|
background
|
11,946,277
|
[summary] In a present embodiment, a locating block holding device comprises a fixture floor, a magnet and a locating block. The fixture floor defines a channel and a coaxial receiving groove formed underneath the channel thereof, the receiving groove communicating with the channel with a shoulder formed between the receiving groove and the channel. The magnet is received in the receiving groove. The locating block, made from magnetic material such that the magnet is capable of firmly and stably holding the locating block on the shoulder in the channel, is disposed on the shoulder in the channel and above the magnet. Those and other advantages and novel features will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description set forth below taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
|
['B25B1100']
|
summary
|
12,361,064
|
[claim] 1. A device for a light projection system, the device comprising: at least one light source; light collection and relay optics; a reflective surface; a micro-display; an illumination total internal reflection TIR-prism disposed between the reflective surface and the micro-display; an imaging TIR-prism disposed between the illumination TIR-prism and the micro-display; and a projection lens, wherein the light collection and relay optics is arranged to channel light emitted by the at least one light source to the illumination TIR-prism; the TIR-prism is arranged to totally internally reflect the light to the reflective surface; the reflective surface is arranged to reflect the light back through the illumination TIR-prism and through the imaging TIR-prism to the micro-display; the micro-display is arranged to reflect the light back through the imaging TIR-prism; and the imaging TIR-prism is arranged to totally internally reflect the light from the micro-display to the projection lens. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises at least one green light emitting diode LED chip, at least one blue LED chip and at least one red LED chip. 3. The device of claim 1, where the light collection and relay optics is configured to collect substantially all light emitted by the at least one light source and to form a substantially uniform and substantially rectangular illumination. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein collection optics of the light collection and relay optics is configured to substantially preserve etendue of a beam from the at least one light source that is channeled to the illumination TIR-prism. 5. The device of claim 3, wherein relay optics of the light collection and relay optics is arranged to output substantially uniform and rectangular illumination which substantially matches with the micro-display. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the matching substantially preserves etendue of a beam which comprises the light. 7. The device of claim 5, wherein the relay optics is arranged to match an illumination pupil with an entrance pupil of the projection lens. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the light collection and relay optics comprises at least one spherical or aspherical surface. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the micro-display comprises digital micro-mirror device. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein surface normals of TIR-surfaces of the illuminating TIR-prism and of the imaging TIR-prism are perpendicular to a tilt axis of micro-mirrors of the micro-mirror device. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein material and orientation of the TIR-surfaces of the illumination and imaging TIR-prisms are particularly adapted to match cone-curves with the tilt-angle of the micro-mirrors. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the reflective surface comprises a mirror coated surface which is a part of the light collection and relay optics system by having optical power. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein the illumination TIR-prism comprises at least one surface which is a part of the light collection and relay optics by having optical power. 14. The device of claim 1, wherein the reflective surface is integrated with the illumination TIR-prism. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein a first surface of the illumination TIR-prism and the reflective surface of the illumination TIR-prism have aspherical biconic forms and a TIR-surface of the illumination TIR-prism is planar. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein all optical faces of the illumination TIR-prism are planar. 17. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one optical surface of the illumination TIR-prism has optical power. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the illumination TIR-prism is separated by an air gap from the imaging TIR-prism. 19. The device of claim 1, further comprising a convex field lens disposed between the micro-display and the imaging TIR-prism, the field lens adapted to operate as a part of both the light collection and relay optics and as a part of the projection lens. 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the field lens is integrated with the imaging TIR-prism. 21. The device of claim 1, wherein the light collection and relay optics comprises at least one of fly's eye lens array, a light pipe, an imaging lens, and a high numerical aperture lens. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein an optical axis of the device is parallel as between an input to the illumination TIR-prism where the light enters from the at least one light source and an output of the imaging TIR-prism where the light is directed toward the projection lens. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the optical axis from the output of the imaging TIR-prism through the projection lens is a straight line. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is arranged such that a beam of the light reflected from the micro-display toward the imaging TIR-prism is substantially telecentric. 25. The device of claim 1, wherein: the illumination TIR-prism is arranged to reflect the light from the at least one light source at an angle of approximately ninety degrees toward the reflective surface; the imaging TIR-prism is arranged to reflect the light from the micro-display at an angle of approximately ninety degrees toward the projection lens; and each of the reflective surface and the micro-display are arranged to reflect the light at an angle of approximately one hundred and eighty degrees.
|
['G03B2128']
|
claim
|
11,197,025
|
[description] FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views of a lithium secondary battery, as a battery system to which phase-change particles in accordance with the present invention can be applied. Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the lithium secondary battery is configured such that a thin film-like cathode and anode 10 and 30 are close to each other in between separators 20 and 22, and are wound to form a stacked electrode assembly mounted inside the battery. As the battery case, aluminum-laminated sheets and metal cans, which are employed in conventional lithium polymer batteries, can be utilized. These battery case materials can be applied regardless of whether the internal structure of the battery is a stacked or wound type. Generally, a cathode 10 is prepared by applying a slurry containing a cathode active material, a conductive agent and a binder to a current collector, followed by drying. An anode 30 is prepared by applying a slurry containing an anode active material, a conductive agent and a binder to a thin current collector (such as Cu foil or Ni foil), followed by drying. As the anode active material that can be utilized in the present invention, mention may be made of crystalline carbon-based materials such as natural and artificial graphite having a high degree of graphitization, as well as amorphous carbon or carbon-based materials having a surface treated with amorphous carbon. As electrolytes of lithium secondary batteries, electrolytes in which lithium salts are dissolved in organic solvents can be used. As the organic solvents, mixed solvents of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), diethylcarbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and the like can be employed. As the lithium salts, it is preferred to use LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiBF4, CF3SO3Li and the like. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a state in which an application layer 50 of phase-change particles is formed on an inner surface and/or outer surface of a battery case 40 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The application layer 50 of phase-change particles may be formed partially or entirely on either or both of inner and outer surfaces of the battery case 40.
|
['H01M1050']
|
detailed_description
|
10,906,772
|
[invention] Photosensitive materials or adhesives are commonly used in bonding object surfaces together or for filling openings and cavities in an object surface. They are cured by exposure to radiation energy, such as UV with a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm or blue light with a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm. In the field of dentistry, curable adhesives and dental curing apparatus are common practice in restoration and cosmetic procedures using restorative materials, dental sealants and orthodontic adhesives to bond brackets to the surfaces of teeth. Traditionally, curing light apparatus are implemented with bulk lamps such as tungsten-halogen lamps coupled into fiber optic waveguide that deliver light to expose area of adhesives need to be cured. Recent advances in light emitting diodes (LEDs) technologies have enabled a new class of curing light apparatus with smaller size, longer lifetime and lower cost by semiconductor light emitting chips. LEDs emit light at selected wavelengths of absorption band of photo-initiators that start the curing process of curable adhesives. Typical wavelength for dental curing is in the range of 400-500 nm. It is highly desirable to have high optical density impinged on the curable adhesives to activate the photo-initiators that allow a quick curing time of between 2 to 10 seconds and a deeper curing depth of between 2 to 6 millimeters. Typically ranges of optical density for a desirable 4 to 5 millimeters curing depth and less than 10 seconds curing time are above 1000 mW/cm 2 . Such intensity is exposed to the curing area, typically in the range of 2 to 6 mm dimension, limited by the cavity and bracket size. There have been two approaches in the selection of LEDs to achieve such high intensity, namely single high power LEDs or multiple standard single diode LEDs. High power LEDs integrates multiple LED chips in a single package such as LEDs made by Lumiled's Luxeon product lines that generate optical power as high as 700 mW. Standard single chip LEDs generates optical power below 150 mW. Typical arrangements of more than five LEDs are required to deliver equivalent power at the curing site. Other critical elements of efficient curing are the light delivering system and working distance of the curing apparatus from the curing object for efficient cure. U.S. Pat. No. 6,611,110 describes an apparatus using light guides to deliver curing light from a single LED to the curing site. The light guide reduces the deliverable curing light efficiency due to optic coupling, transmission, and diffraction losses from light guide with a typical total efficiency of below 30%. A higher power LED can compensate the loss. Additional use of lens such as total internal reflection (TIR) lens as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,251 can improve the power density. However, they introduce higher cost and more cumbersome system. Additionally, it has been shown that autoclaving the light guide to sterilize the apparatus can reduce the transmission performance of the light guide making them costly to replace. U.S. Pat. No. 20030133203 describes an apparatus using a bulk aspheric lens to directly focus curing light from a single LED to the curing site. The aspheric lens is molded glass or plastic lens. The benefit of such implementation is a reduced size and cost compared to using of light guide. However, a high power LED is highly non-directional typically following a Lambertian radiation pattern with radiation angles above 120 degrees at half of its maximum intensity. Combined with a source chip size of typically 1 millimeter, the LED radiation incurs collection loss through the aspheric lens and diffracts quickly to lose its intensity due to limited collection angle that aspheric lens offers, which is typically less than 70 degrees. Aspheric lens with short focal length to collect light from LED source are also thick with aspect ratio of diameter to thickness close to one enlarging the size of the apparatus as well. Working distances of such devices are typically limited to within 3 millimeters. In addition, sterilizing tubes to protect the lens entrance will significantly reduce radiation due to optical diffractions. A need exists, therefore, for improved LED curing apparatus that provide efficient light delivery to the curing site at a minimum cost.
|
['A61C300']
|
background
|
12,141,126
|
[summary] The present invention addresses one or more technical problems described above and provides a disposable absorbent article which may comprise a chassis and an absorbent core which is substantially cellulose free. The chassis may contain a topsheet and a backsheet. The absorbent core may be located between the topsheet and the backsheet and may having a wearer facing side oriented toward a wearer when the article is being worn and an opposed garment facing side. The absorbent core may include (i) a storage layer which comprises an absorbent particulate polymer material and has a wearer facing side and an opposed garment facing side, (ii) a first core wrap sheet covering the wearer facing side of the storage layer, and (iii) a second core wrap sheet covering the garment facing side of the storage layer, the first core wrap sheet being joined to the second core wrap sheet along at least one traverse sealing zone. In a certain embodiment, the storage layer, the first core wrap sheet, and the second core wrap sheet together comprise first and second absorbent layers, the first core wrap sheet being a first substrate for the first absorbent layer, and the second core wrap sheet being a second substrate for the second absorbent layer, wherein the absorbent particulate polymer material is deposited on the first and second substrates and thermoplastic adhesive material covers the absorbent particulate polymer material on the respective first and second substrates. The first and second absorbent layers may be combined together such that at least a portion of said thermoplastic adhesive material of said first absorbent layer contacts at least a portion of the thermoplastic adhesive material of said second absorbent layer, the absorbent particulate polymer material is disposed between the first and second substrates in an absorbent particulate polymer material area, and the absorbent particulate polymer material is substantially continuously distributed across the absorbent particulate polymer material area. Other features and advantages of the invention may be apparent from reading the following detailed description, drawings, and claims.
|
['A61F1353']
|
summary
|
11,903,699
|
[summary] It is a principal object of the present invention to provide a ventilation system which operates to remove effectively the offensive expelled human waste gas from the passenger from the interior of an automobile. It is another object of the present invention to provide a ventilation system for removing the human waste gas expelled from the passenger in an automobile directly from the seat so as to prevent the offensive odors from pervading into the entire automobile interior. It is another object of the present invention to provide a ventilation system for removing and exhausting the offensive expelled human waste gas from a passenger out of the automobile. It is another object of the present invention to provide a ventilation system for removing offensive expelled human waste gas from the passenger in the automobile while maintaining a relatively constant stable interior condition and environment.
|
['B60H100' 'B60N256']
|
summary
|
11,749,710
|
[claim] 1) A combustion stabilization system, relating to improving flame stability under NOx-minimizing combustion conditions, comprising the steps of: a) selecting at least one high-flame-speed additive; b) adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to at least one lower-flame-speed fuel to generate at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture; c) injecting at least one part-load of such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into at least one combustion chamber having at least one combustion initiator; d) igniting such at least one higher-speed fuel mixture with such at least one combustion initiator; and e) substantially optimizing combustion conditions for such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture to substantially minimize NOx emissions. 2) A combustion stabilization system, relating to improving flame stability under NOx-minimizing combustion conditions, comprising the steps of: a) selecting at least one high-flame-speed additive; b) adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to at least one lower-flame-speed fuel to generate at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture; c) injecting such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into at least one gas turbine engine having at least one pilot flame; d) igniting such at least one higher-speed fuel mixture with such at least one pilot flame; e) extinguishing such at least one pilot flame; f) continuing to inject such at least one part-load of such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into such at least one gas turbine engine; and g) substantially optimizing combustion conditions for such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture to substantially minimize NOx emissions; h) wherein such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture continues to combust in the absence of such at least one pilot flame. 3) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein such step of injecting such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into at least one gas turbine engine having at least one pilot flame comprises the step of injecting at least one part-load of such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into at least one gas turbine engine having at least one pilot flame. 4) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, further comprising the step of preheating such at least one high-flame-speed additive prior to adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to such at least one lower-flame-speed fuel to generate such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture. 5) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, further comprising the step of preheating such at least one low-flame-speed fuel prior to adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to such at least one lower-flame-speed fuel to generate such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture. 6) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 5, further comprising the step of preheating such at least one high-flame-speed additive prior to adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to such at least one preheated lower-flame-speed fuel. 7) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, further comprising the step of atomizing such at least one high-flame-speed additive prior to adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to such at least one lower-flame-speed fuel to generate such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture. 8) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, further comprising the step of vaporizing such at least one high-flame-speed additive prior to adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to such at least one lower-flame-speed fuel to generate such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture. 9) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein said step of adding such at least one high-flame-speed additive to such at least one lower-flame-speed fuel further comprises the step of increasing the flame speed of such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture by about thirty percent relative to the flame speed of such at least one lower-flame-speed fuel. 10) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein said step of substantially optimizing combustion conditions comprises the step of reducing the amount of oxygen available to such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture in at least one combustion zone of such at least one gas turbine engine. 11) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein said step of substantially optimizing combustion conditions comprises the step of controlling the combustion temperature of such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture. 12) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein such step of selecting at least one high-flame-speed additive comprises the step of selecting at least one hydrocarbon. 13) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 12, wherein such step of selecting at least one hydrocarbon comprises the step of selecting at least one of the set comprising methane, ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, hexanes, septanes, octanes, nonanes, decanes, toluene, benzene, acetone, mixtures of hydrocarbons where C<10, mixtures of hydrocarbons where C<20, diesel oil, no. 2 oil, jet fuel, acetylene, bio derived oils, naphta, coal-based gasification products, and oil-based gasification products. 14) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 12, wherein such step of selecting at least one hydrocarbon comprises the step of selecting at least one of the set comprising alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, and ketones. 15) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein such step of selecting at least one high-flame-speed additive comprises the step of selecting hydrogen. 16) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein such step of injecting such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into such at least one gas turbine engine having such at least one pilot flame comprises the step of injecting such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into such at least one gas turbine at a throughput of about ten percent of the maximum fuel load of such at least one gas turbine engine using such at least one lower-flame-speed fuel. 17) The combustion stabilization system, according to claim 2, wherein such step of injecting such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into such at least one gas turbine engine having such at least one pilot flame comprises the step of injecting such at least one higher-flame-speed fuel mixture into such at least one gas turbine at a throughput of about twenty percent of
|
['F23J700' 'F23D1144']
|
claim
|
11,101,520
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a schematic of a hardware configuration of an apparatus for supporting verification according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a functional configuration of the apparatus according to the present embodiment; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a system LSI that includes a verification target; FIG. 4 is a table of a first verification-item list; FIG. 5 is a schematic of a functional specification of the verification target; FIG. 6 is a schematic of a sequential specification relating to a read action of the verification target; FIG. 7 is a schematic of a sequential specification relating to a write action of the verification target; FIG. 8 is a schematic of a verification keyword list; FIG. 9 is a schematic for explaining extraction of a sequential description from a sequence diagram relating to the read action; FIG. 10 is a schematic for explaining extraction of a sequential description from a sequence diagram relating to the write action; FIG. 11 is a table of a second verification-item list; FIG. 12 is a table of a third verification item list; FIG. 13 is a table of an evaluation list; FIG. 14 is a schematic of a latest functional specification; FIG. 15 is a schematic of a latest sequential specification; FIG. 16 is a table of a fourth verification-item list; FIG. 17 is a table of an evaluation list obtained as a result of additional verification; FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a procedure for a verification supporting process according to the present embodiment; and FIG. 19 is a flowchart of the procedure for the verification supporting process.
|
['G06F1750']
|
detailed_description
|
12,060,809
|
[claim] 1. A decoder configured to receive digital signals transmitted on a bus, comprising: a decoding logic configured to identify, in the context of a received digital signal, at least one marker bit that separates a first set of bits in the received digital signal from a second set of bits; and a logic reconstruction network configured to convert the second set of bits from an encoded format to a non-encoded format. 2. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the decoding logic is configured to identify the at least one marker bit as a bit of the digital signal with a least probability of change. 3. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the decoding logic is configured to identify the at least one marker bit as a most significant bit of the digital signal. 4. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the decoding logic is configured to identify the at least one marker bit as a least significant bit of the digital signal. 5. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the decoding logic is configured to identify the at least one marker bit as a starting bit for exploring the digital signal, carried out moving in a given direction. 6. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the decoding logic is configured to identify the at least one marker bit as a starting bit for exploring the digital signal, carried out moving in opposite directions. 7. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the decoder is configured to assume as transmitted in non-encoded format a first bit of the digital signal. 8. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the decoder is configured to identify a larger of the sets of bits as the second set of bits. 9. The decoder according to claim 1 wherein the logic reconstruction network is configured to convert data bits from the encoded format to the non-encoded format using logic inversion of bits subjected to encoding. 10. A computer-readable memory medium containing instructions for causing a processor to decode an encoded digital signal by performing a method, the method comprising: identifying, in the digital signal received, at least one marker bit that separates a first set of unencoded bits in the digital signal from a second set of encoded bits in the digital signal; and converting the second set of bits from an encoded format to a non-encoded format. 11. The computer-readable memory medium of claim 10 wherein the at least one marker bit is a bit of the digital signal with a least probability of change. 12. The computer-readable memory medium of claim 10 wherein the instructions cause the processor to identify the at least one marker bit as a starting bit for exploring the digital signal, carried out moving in a given direction. 13. The computer-readable memory medium of claim 10 wherein the instructions cause the processor to identify the at least one marker bit as a starting bit for exploring the digital signal, carried out moving in opposite directions. 14. The computer-readable memory medium of claim 10 wherein the instructions cause the processor to include a first bit of the digital signal in the first set of bits. 15. The computer-readable memory medium of claim 10 wherein the instructions cause the processor to identify a larger of the sets of bits as the second set of bits. 16. The computer-readable memory medium of claim 10 wherein the instructions cause the processor to convert the second set of bits to the non-encoded format using logic inversion. 17. A method of decoding a digital signal, comprising: receiving a digital signal comprising a plurality of data bits; identifying a marker bit in the plurality of data bits; identifying first and second sets of data bits in the plurality of data bits based at least in part on the identity of the marker bit; processing the first set of data bits in a first manner; and processing the second set of data bits in a second manner. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising receiving a control signal wherein the processing of the second set of data bits is controlled based at least in part on the control signal. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein identifying the marker bit comprises identifying a bit of the digital signal with a least probability of change. 20. The method of claim 17 wherein identifying the marker bit comprises identifying a most significant bit of the digital signal. 21. The method of claim 17 wherein identifying the marker bit comprises identifying a least significant bit of the digital signal. 22. The method of claim 17, further comprising exploring the digital signal starting with the marker bit and moving in a given direction. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising exploring the digital signal starting with the marker bit and moving in opposite directions. 24. The method of claim 17 wherein the first bit of the digital signal is in the first set of bits. 25. The method of claim 17 wherein identifying the first and second sets of bits comprises identify a larger of the sets of bits as the second set of bits. 26. The method of claim 17 wherein processing the second set of bits comprises converting the data bits of the second set of bits from an encoded format to a non-encoded format. 27. The method of claim 26 wherein the converting comprises logically inverting the second set of bits.
|
['H03M700']
|
claim
|
12,394,995
|
[invention] An RF (Radio Frequency) system such as a portable phone or a wireless LAN needs a phase adjustment for transmitting signals between devices. A passive element that may be an inductor and/or a capacitor is arranged at an input and/or output part of each device for the phase adjustment. These passive element may be formed as an IPD (Integrated Passive Device) in order to improve the integration density. The IPD is required to be miniaturized and height-reduced in order to miniaturize and height-reduce the systems that use the IPD. There is a proposal that may meet the above requirements. According to this proposal, an IPD is formed on a main surface of a package substrate, and various types of electronic devices are mounted above the IPD. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2006-157738 and 2007-67236 disclose techniques of forming a passive element on a ceramic substrate. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2007-31242 and 2007-123468 disclose techniques of forming a coating layer on a ceramic substrate. The surfaces of the ceramic substrate have a great roughness, which affects the reliability of the passive elements mounted on the main surface of the ceramic substrate. In a case where an MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) type capacitor that is a structural element for IPD is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, if the adhesiveness between the lower electrode of the capacitor and the ceramic substrate is not good, the lower electrode made of a metal will be removed from the substrate at the time of annealing. When the surface of the substrate is not flat, the upper and lower metal electrodes of the capacitor may contact each other or the breakdown voltage may be reduced due to the thin dielectric film, whereby short-circuiting may take place. The roughness of the surface of the ceramic substrate may be planarized by coating such as SOG (Spin On Glass). However, SOG does not resolve warpage of the whole ceramic substrate that takes place in baking, and does not improve the adhesiveness to the capacitor greatly. Warpage of the ceramic substrate may be removed by polishing the surface of the substrate. However, this needs an increased number of fabrication steps and increases the cost.
|
['H01G406' 'B05D512']
|
background
|
12,076,768
|
[claim] 1. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions; a negative electrode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte; wherein the positive electrode active material contains LibFePO4, where 0°b<1, and a lithium-containing metal oxide represented by the general formula LixNiyMnzMaO2, where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, B, F, Mg, Al, Ti, Co, Cr, V, Fe, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Zr, Sn, and W, and where x, y, z, and a satisfy the following conditions 1<x<1.3, 0<y≦1, 0<z≦1, y<z, and 0≦a. 2. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the LibFePO4 in the positive electrode active material is 30 weight % or less. 3. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the battery is charged until the potential of the positive electrode reaches 4.45 V (Li/Li+) or higher in initial charge. 4. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the battery is charged until the potential of the positive electrode reaches 4.45 V (Li/Li+) or higher in initial charge.
|
['H01M400']
|
claim
|
12,188,402
|
[summary] The present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) wherein the substituents are defined below, as well as further embodiments hereof described in the attached dependent claims. The present invention also provides use of the compounds of the invention for preparation of a medicament for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
|
['C07D22302' 'C07D27720' 'C07D28512' 'C07D27762' 'C07D28508' 'C07D21302'
'C07D24110' 'C07D40102' 'C07D29500' 'C07D23924' 'C07D41702' 'C07D41314']
|
summary
|
11,439,399
|
[invention] Authentication systems are often deployed in offices, airports, and other locations where security is desired. Conventional authentication systems include photo identification, access card authentication, and username/password authentication. These authentication systems may be easily compromised through forgery and other methods. Biometric authentication provides a more secure authentication system for overcoming security issues associated with the conventional authentication systems. Deployment of biometric authentication systems has been limited because of cost and mobility concerns. The introduction of mobile devices has made biometric authentication more portable. However, there exists a need for a system which can take advantage of mobile biometric authentication while being cost-effective.
|
['H04L932']
|
background
|
11,354,711
|
[claim] 1. A low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer comprising: an acrylate-based compound of Chemical Formula (I), an anhydride-based compound of Chemical Formula (II), and an epoxy-based compound of Chemical Formula (III) each by 0.1 weight % or more: wherein, X is wherein, R1 and R2 are independent hydrogen, respectively, or R1 and R2 can form unsubstituted or substituted C4-C6 aromatic rings with carboxyl group, wherein, Y is wherein Z1, Z2, and Z3 denote independently aromatic or aliphatic structures of C1 to C30, respectively, and have zero to three epoxy groups on ends. 2. The low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 1, wherein each of the acrylate-based compound of the Chemical Formula (I), the anhydride-based compound of the Chemical Formula (II), and the epoxy-based compound of the Chemical Formula (III) is contained by 0.1 weight % to 99 weight %. 3. The low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 1, wherein the acrylate-based compound of the Chemical Formula (I) is at least one of compounds given in Chemical Formulae 4 to 6 below: 4. The low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 1, wherein the anhydride-based compound of the Chemical Formula (II) is at least one of compounds given in Chemical Formulae 7 to 9 below: 5. The low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 1, wherein the epoxy-based compound of the Chemical Formula (III) is at least one of compounds given in Chemical Formulae 10 to 14 below: 6. The low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 1, formed by performing the steps of: dissolving the acrylate-based compound, the anhydride-based compound, and the epoxy-based compound in organic solvent to obtain a solution; coating a substrate on which the gate insulation layer is formed, with the obtained solution; and thermally curing the coated substrate at a low temperature. 7. The low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 6, wherein the organic solvent inculdes propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate or ethyl-3-ethoxypropinate. 8. The low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 6, wherein the thermal-curing is performed at a temperature of 150° C. or less. 9. An organic thin film transistor comprising an organic active layer, a gate electrode, and source-drain electrodes, wherein the transistor comprises a low temperature-cured polymer gate insulation layer according to claim 1, on the gate electrode.
|
['H01L2908']
|
claim
|
11,151,048
|
[claim] 1. A load carrying apparatus with security detection system comprising: a base including a vertical connecting rod and a plurality of cantilevers welded at peripheral surface of the connecting rod, the respective cantilevers provided with a hook; a security detection system including a plurality of strain meters being secured to the respective cantilevers of the base and located close to the connecting rod; and when a load is hanging from the cantilevers, the cantilevers will be deformed, and the security detection system will detect a deformation of the detection system and output data. 2. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strain meters of the security detection system is electrically connected to a display, so that the data outputted from the stain meters will be displayed on the display. 3. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strain meters of the security detection system is electrically connected to a buzzer, and the data outputted from the stain meters will be transmitted to the buzzer. 4. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cantilevers of the base of the load carrying apparatus extend outward and downward from the connecting rod. 5. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cantilevers of the base of the load carrying apparatus are arrange in a horizontal plane. 6. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a tip end of the respective hooks of the base of the load carrying apparatus faces toward the connecting rod. 7. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stain meters of the security detecting system are attached to the cantilevers and fixed by silicon gel plates. 8. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a hanging security detection system is secured to the hooks of the base of the load carrying apparatus. 9. The load carrying apparatus with security detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting rod of the base of the load carrying apparatus is provided at its bottom thereof with a supporting frame that stands firmly on the ground, and the hooks of the load carrying apparatus are provided for hanging drip bottle.
|
['B60J708' 'F16M1100']
|
claim
|
11,314,499
|
[summary] An embodiment of a double locking handcuff according to the present invention includes a jaw operably connected to a housing (e.g., a front cheek, a frame, and a rear cheek, all respectively stacked atop and connected to one another). The jaw cooperates with a bolt that is pivotally disposed in an interior of the housing. The bolt is biased downwards against the jaw by a bolt spring positioned in the interior space of the housing. The bolt spring can be laterally shifted between a first, “single-lock” position, and a second, “double-lock” position. In the former, the bolt can be disengaged from the jaw upon the application of a force overcoming the biasing effect of the spring. In the latter, the bolt is prevented from disengaging from the jaw, preventing someone from thwarting the cuff by manipulating the bolt. The handcuff further includes a cam pivotally disposed within a slot extending through the housing. The cam is accessible and moveable by hand from the exterior of the housing for laterally shifting or otherwise moving the spring from the single-lock position to the double-lock position. For example, the cam may comprise a wide upper end and a narrow, leg-like lower end. The upper end of the cam is accessible from the exterior top of the housing, and includes a frictionally textured (e.g., knurled or grooved) surface for aiding in grasping the cam. The lower leg is positioned for movement against the bolt spring. To laterally shift the bolt spring from its single-lock position to its double-lock position, the cam upper end is moved downwards using a thumb or finger. This causes the cam leg to press against and laterally shift the spring. Because the cam is movable using a single thumb or finger, and without the need for the handcuff key or for finding a double lock slot or pinhole, the double lock mechanism can be easily and quickly actuated by a law enforcement officer or other user even in low-light situations, as well as in situations where two hands are not available or when a suspect is moving or otherwise resisting. Also, the resistance of the spring to movement inside the frame interior space is felt by the user during actuation of the cam, thereby providing positive tactile feedback to the user as to whether or not the handcuff has been double locked: when the handcuff is double locked the cam can be freely pivoted back and forth, and when the handcuff is not double locked the cam is somewhat more difficult to move in its actuation direction. The present invention is applicable within the context of portable locking devices adapted to the human anatomy generally. As such, by way of the term “cuff” or “handcuff” as used herein it is meant handcuffs, fetters, manades, nippers, and the like.
|
['E05B7500']
|
summary
|
11,673,911
|
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT COMPRISING A TEST MODE SECURED BY THE BREAKING OF A TEST CHAIN, AND ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT [SEP] [abstract] An electronic circuit includes configurable cells with a test input and an output. The configurable cells are capable of being connected to one another in a chain in a predefined order via the test inputs and the outputs to form a test shift register if they receive a chaining command signal. A connection control module disconnects the test input from at least one configurable cell if the connection control module receives an invalid identification key. The connection control module leaves disconnected the test input from the at least one configurable cell, or applies a constant potential on the test input of the at least one configurable cell, or connects the test input of the at least one configurable cell at an output of a random-data generator.
|
['G01R3128']
|
abstract
|
12,225,492
|
[claim] 205. A method of determining the treatment for a patient suffering from medullary thyroid carcinoma comprising the steps of: a) identifying the change in calcitonin secreted by said medullary thyroid carcinoma in response to a somatostatin agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and b) determining a treatment, wherein said determining of said treatment is based upon said identified change in calcitonin secretion. 206. The method according to claim 205, wherein said somatostatin agonist is an SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 207. The method according to claim 206, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is a selective SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 208. The method according to claim 207, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is D-B-Nal-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2. 209. The method according to claim 207, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-ol. 210. A method according to claim 205, wherein said identifying comprises: a) obtaining a sample of said medullary thyroid carcinoma from said patient; b) administering a somatostatin agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to said carcinoma sample; and c) measuring the change in calcitonin secreted by said sample after said administering. 211. The method according to claim 210, wherein said somatostatin agonist is an SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 212. The method according to claim 211, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is a selective SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 213. The method according to claim 212, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is D-B-Nal-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2. 214. The method according to claim 212, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-ol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 215. The method according to claim 205, wherein said selection of treatment is based upon a decrease in calcitonin secretion of less than about 15%. 216. The method according to claim 210, wherein said selection of treatment is based upon a decrease in calcitonin secretion of less than about 15%. 217. The method according to claim 205, wherein said selection of treatment is based upon a decrease in calcitonin secretion of greater than about 15%. 218. The method according to claim 210, wherein said selection of treatment is based upon a decrease in calcitonin secretion of greater than about 15%. 219. A method according to claim 205, wherein said medullary thyroid carcinoma patient has undergone at least one thyroidectomy. 220. A method according to claim 210, wherein said medullary thyroid carcinoma patient has undergone at least one thyroidectomy. 221. A method of decreasing the secretion of calcitonin from medullary thyroid carcinoma cells which comprises: contacting medullary thyroid carcinoma cells with an SSTR-1 agonist, an SSTR-2 agonist, an SSTR-5 agonist, or a combination of one or more SSTR-1 agonist and one or more SSTR-2 agonist, wherein said medullary carcinoma cells are determined to exhibit a decrease in calcitonin secretion of greater than about 15% in response to administration of an SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein said SSTR-1, SSTR-2 or SSTR-5 agonist optionally comprises a Tyr(I), and wherein said optional Tyr(I) is 125I, 127I or 131I. 222. A method according to claim 221, wherein an SSTR-2 selective agonist, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is used to determine if said medullary carcinoma cells exhibit a decrease in calcitonin secretion of greater than about 15% in response to administration of an SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 223. A method according to claim 222, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has a Ki value of less than 5 nM, preferably less than 1 nM. 224. A method according to claim 222, wherein said SSTR-2 selective agonist is a compound selected from the group consisting of: D-β-Nal-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2; D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-ol; Dop2-D-Lys(Dop2)-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Cys]-Thr-NH2; c[Tic-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Phe]; 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperas(inylacetyl-D-Phe-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Cys]-Thr-NH2; and 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperas(ine-2-ethanesulfonyl-D-Phe-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Cys]-Thr-NH2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 225. A method according to claim 224, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is D-β-Nal-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2, D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-ol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 226. A method according to claim 221, wherein said contacted medullary thyroid carcinoma cells are contacted with an SSTR-1 selective agonist, an SSTR-2 selective agonist, an SSTR-5 selective agonist, or a combination of one or more SSTR-1 selective agonist and one or more SSTR-2 selective agonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein, optionally, said SSTR-1 selective agonist has a Ki value of less than 5 nM, preferably less than 1 nM, and wherein, optionally, said SSTR-2 selective agonist has a Ki value of less than 5 nM, preferably less than 1 nM, and wherein, optionally, said SSTR-5 selective agonist has a Ki value of less than 5 nM, preferably less than 1 nM. 227. A method according to claim 222, wherein said SSTR-1 agonist is selected from the group consisting of: Caeg-c[D-Cys-3-Pal-D-Trp-Lys-D-Cys]-Thr(Bzl)-Tyr-NH2; Aaeg-[D-Cys-Pal-D-Trp-Lys-D-Cys]-Thr(Bzl)-Tyr-NH2; Taeg-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-D-Cys]-Thr(Bzl)-Tyr-NH2; Taeg-c[D-Cys-3-Pal-D-Trp-Lys-D-Cys]-Ser(Bzl)-Tyr-NH2; and Caeg-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-D-Cys]-Thr(Bzl)-Tyr-NH2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; 228. A method according to claim 221, wherein an SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used to contact said contacted medullary thyroid carcinoma cells determined to exhibit a decrease in calcitonin secretion of greater than about 15% in response to administration of an SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 229. A method according to claim 228, wherein said SSTR-2 is selected from the group consisting of: D-β-Nal-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2; D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-ol; Dop2-D-Lys(Dop2)-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Cys]-Thr-NH2; c[Tic-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Phe]; 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperas(inylacetyl-D-Phe-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Cys]-Thr-NH2; and 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperas(ine-2-ethanesulfonyl-D-Phe-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Abu-Cys]-Thr-NH2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 230. A method according to claim 232, wherein said SSTR-2 agonist is D-β-Nal-c[Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2, D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr-ol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 231. A method according to claim 221, wherein an SSTR-5 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used to contact said medullary thyroid carcinoma cells determined to exhibit a decrease in calcitonin secretion of greater than about 15% in response to administration of an SSTR-2 agonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 232. A method according to claim 231, wherein said SSTR-5 agonist is D-Phe-Phe-Trp-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-NH2; or D-Phe-[Cys-Tyr(I)-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys]-Thr-NH2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 233. A method according to claim 221, wherein a combination of an SSTR-1 agonist and an SSTR-2 agonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, is used to contact said medullary thyroid carcinoma cells determined to exhibit a decrease in calcitonin secretion of greater than about 15%
|
['A61K3808' 'A61K31197' 'A61P3500' 'C12Q102']
|
claim
|
12,111,524
|
[claim] 1. A solder composition for Controlled Collapse Chip Connection processing comprising a combination of a tin based lead free solder component designed for a chip and a second solder component designed for a laminate with a total concentration of module Ag after reflow being less than 1.9% by weight. 2. The solder composition of claim 1, wherein a volume ratio of the tin based lead free solder component to the second solder component is 2:1. 3. The solder composition of claim 1, wherein the tin based lead free solder component is Sn(x)Ag, where (x) represents a percentage of Ag, and the second component is one of SAC and SnCu. 4. The solder composition of claim 3, wherein a component concentration of Ag, X, is at least 0.5% by weight. 5. The solder composition of claim 3, wherein (x) is lower than 1.8%. 6. The solder composition of claim 5, wherein a module concentration of Ag is below 1.9% by weight. 7. The solder composition of claim 5, wherein a module concentration of Ag is greater than 0.33% by weight and the second solder component is SnCu. 8. The solder composition of claim 3, wherein (x) is zero and the second solder component is of SAC. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the tin based lead free solder component contains Cu. 10. A solder composition, comprising: a tin based lead free solder component having an Ag content of 1.8% or less by weight; and a second solder component comprising one of SAC and SnCu, wherein a module concentration comprising a join of the tin based lead free solder component and the second solder component is less than 1.9% Ag by weight. 11. The solder composition of claim 10, wherein a volume ratio of the tin based lead free solder component to the second solder component is 2:1. 12. The solder composition of claim 10, wherein the tin based lead free solder component is Sn(x)Ag, where (x) represents a percentage of Ag. 13. The solder composition of claim 12, wherein (x) is at least 0.5%. 14. The solder composition of claim 12, wherein (x) is less than 1.8% 15. The solder composition of claim 10, wherein a module concentration of Ag is below 1.9% by weight. 16. The solder composition of claim 10, wherein a module concentration of Ag is greater than 0.33% by weight. 17. The solder composition of claim 10, wherein (x) is zero and the second solder component is of SAC. 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the first tin based lead free solder component also contains Cu 19. A method of manufacturing a solder component, comprising: providing a first tin based lead free solder component on a chip; providing a second tin based lead free solder component on a laminate; reflowing the first and second tin based lead free solder components at a predetermined temperature to form an interconnect structure between the chip and the laminate, wherein the reflowing joins the first and second tin based lead free solder components with an Ag module concentration of less than 1.9% by weight after the reflowing. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein: the first tin based lead free solder component is one of Sn(x)Ag and SnCu, (x) is 1.8% or less. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the second tin based lead free solder component is one of SAC and SnCu. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the first tin based lead free solder component also contains Cu.
|
['B23K3522']
|
claim
|
11,340,384
|
[summary] The present invention is embodied in a photomask assembly incorporating a porous frame, and in a method for making it, wherein the porous frame has a gas permeability to oxygen or nitrogen higher than about 10 ml.mm/cm 2 .min.MPa, an average pore size between 0.001 micrometer and 10 micrometers, and a coefficient of thermal expansion between 0.01 ppm/° C. and 10 ppm/° C. In more detailed features of the invention, the gas permeability of the porous frame to oxygen or nitrogen more preferably is higher than about 40 ml.mm/cm 2 .min.Mpa, and most preferably is higher than about 70 ml.mm/cm 2 .min.MPa. Further, the average pore size of the porous frame more preferably is between 0.01 micrometer and 1 micrometer, and most preferably is between 0.08 micrometer and 1 micrometer. Further, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the porous frame is more preferably between 0.1 ppm/° C. and 1 ppm/° C., and most preferably is between 0.3 ppm/° C. and 0.7 ppm/° C. In addition, the frame's coefficient of thermal expansion preferably matches that of the photomask substrate and/or the hard pellicle to which the frame is attached within ±20%. In other more detailed features of the invention, the surface flatness of the porous frame preferably is less than about 20 micrometers, more preferably is less than about 5 micrometers, and most preferably is less than about 1 micrometer. Further, the pore surface area of the porous frame preferably is larger than 10 m 2 /g, more preferably is larger than 25 m 2 /g, and most preferably is larger than 70 m 2 /g. Further, the elastic modulus of the porous frame preferably is higher than 1 GPa, more preferably is higher than 5 GPa, and most preferably is higher than 10 GPa. Further, the frame's modulus of rupture preferably is higher than 1 MPa, more preferably is higher than 5 MPa, and most preferably is higher than 10 MPa. In addition, the porous frame preferably is configured to scavenge harmful chemicals in an amount higher than 0.01 weight percent, and more preferably higher than 0.05 weight percent, of the material of the frame. The porous frame preferably is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of silica, fluorinated silica, ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 —B 2 O 3 and mixtures thereof, and most preferably is formed of a material selected from the group consisting of silica and fluorinated silica having a purity of greater than about 96 weight percent silica. In accordance with the method of the invention, the porous frame is made by preparing a gel by a sol-gel process, drying the gel, and partially densifying the dry gel. The dry gel preferably comprises silica, and it is prepared using silicon alkoxide and fumed silica. In optional, additional features, the method further can include machining the densified dry gel to form the frame. This machining can be accomplished by diamond tool machining, ultrasonic milling, laser machining, or water jet machining. This machining either can machine the densified dry gel to form the final frame or can machine the densified dry gel to form rectangular bars that then are welded together to form the frame. The machining preferably machines the densified dry gel to less than 20-micrometer surface flatness. Alternatively, the gel can be initially prepared in a mold dimensioned such that, when the gel is subsequently dried and partially densified, the frame will be configured to have desired dimensions without the need for machining. In more detailed features of the method of the invention, the step of partially densifying comprises partially densifying the dry gel at a prescribed partial densification temperature in an atmosphere comprising helium, nitrogen, oxygen, or mixtures thereof. This partial densification is carried out at a temperature that preferably is within a range of 650° C. to 1260° C., more preferably is within a range of 1100° C. to 1200° C., and most preferably is at about 1180° C. Further, partial densification is carried out by heating the dry gel to the prescribed partial densification temperature at a rate preferably between 1° C./hr and 200° C./hr, more preferably between 10° C./hr and 100° C./hr, and most preferably about 15° C./hr. Further, partial densification includes maintaining the dry gel at the prescribed partial densification temperature preferably for a duration in a range of 1 hour to 100 hours, more preferably for a duration in a range of 1 hour to 30 hours, and most preferably for a duration of about 4 hours. In other more detailed features of the method of the invention, the step of partially densifying is carried out in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen or helium, the mixture having an oxygen concentration between 3% and 20%. More preferably, the atmosphere consists essentially of a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen or helium, the mixture having an oxygen concentration of about 7%. In other, optional features of the invention, the method can further include steps of removing hydrocarbons from the dry gel by heating the dry gel at a temperature between 150° C. and 300° C., and halogenating the dry gel using a halogenation agent at a temperature between 650° C. and 1,200° C., after the step of removing hydrocarbons. Further, the method can further include steps of oxygenating the dry gel after the step of halogenating, and then re-halogenating the dry gel after the step of oxygenating. In yet other more detailed features of the invention, the step of partially densifying the dry gel can further include: (1) partially densifying the dry gel at a prescribed initial partial densification temperature, (2) machining the partially densified dry gel to a desired porous frame shape, and (3) partially densifying the porous frame at a prescribed final partial densification temperature, wherein the final partial densification temperature is greater than the initial partial densification temperature by between about 50° C. and about 300° C. The prescribed final
|
['A47G112' 'G03F114' 'G03F100']
|
summary
|
11,514,652
|
[invention] The present invention relates to a panel-type loud speaker to be used in a small-size portable device, such as a cellular phone and an exciter used in such a panel-type loud speaker.
|
['H04R2500']
|
background
|
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