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This is a list of major sports scandals.
American football scandals
Minnesota Vikings boat party scandal (2005) – a sex party involving several members of the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL)
National Football League player conduct controversy (2007–present) – various off the field incidents involving American football athletes from the NFL, including Adam "Pacman" Jones, Terry "Tank" Johnson, Chris Henry, Ben Roethlisberger, Ray Rice and Adrian Peterson, who earned suspensions as a result.
2007 New England Patriots videotaping controversy (2007) – the New England Patriots were disciplined for videotaping the opposing team's coach's signals. Coach Bill Belichick was fined $500,000 and the New England Patriots were fined $250,000 and lost their 2008 1st round draft pick.
New Orleans Saints bounty scandal (2012) – the NFL discovered that the New Orleans Saints had operated a secret slush fund from 2009 to 2011 that paid "bounties" to defensive players for big plays during games, most controversially for injuring opponents. The scheme was allegedly organized by a number of players plus defensive coordinator Gregg Williams, with the acquiescence of head coach Sean Payton. Shortly after the investigation came to light, Williams was accused of running similar schemes while he was defensive coordinator of the Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans and Washington Redskins, as well as the head coach of the Buffalo Bills. The league suspended Williams indefinitely and Payton for one year and suspended the Saints' general manager and another assistant for parts of the 2012 season. Jonathan Vilma, a Saints player who had a major role in the scheme and reportedly offered a $10,000 bounty on Brett Favre, was suspended for the entire season and three other players were suspended for parts of the season. However, in September 2012, an arbitrator overturned the suspensions of the players involved in the affair. Williams' suspension ultimately lasted one year.
Deflategate (2015) – during the AFC Championship Game, 11 of the 12 footballs under the Patriots' control during the first half were found to be inflated below the level mandated by the rulebook. The case was then closed because of the referees' failure to check the balls prior to the game. Tom Brady was suspended by the NFL for the first 4 games of the 2016 season.
Association football scandals
1915 British football match-fixing scandal
Bundesliga scandal (1965)
1971 Bundesliga scandal
1980 Italian football scandal – a match fixing scandal in Italian football involving several major teams.
1988 Mexico national football team scandal
1989 Maracanazo of the Chilean team
1993 French football bribery scandal – a match fixing scandal involving a 1992–93 French Division 1 match between Olympique de Marseille and Valenciennes, in which Valenciennes players were bribed by Olympique de Marseille president Bernard Tapie, through Marseille midfielder Jean-Jacques Eydelie. It is believed that Eydelie offered three Valenciennes players (Jorge Burruchaga, Christophe Robert and Jacques Glassman) ₣250,000 to "take the foot off of the gas" in a May 20 match between the sides, so that the team would be fresh to play in the Champions League final soon after. Marseille were subsequently stripped off the 1992–93 French Division 1 title, relegated to Division 2 and handed bans from all 1993 UEFA competitions. The French Football Federation also suspended Eydelie, Robert and Burruchaga, whilst Tapie was replaced as club president by Bernard Moreau. Tapie received a prison sentence of over two years, of which he served six months and received a ₣20,000 fine, whilst Eydelie, Robert, Burruchaga and Marseille general manager Jean-Pierre Bernès were all given prison sentences and fined. Eydelie's prison sentence was a suspended sentence.
Apito Dourado (2004) – a match fixing scandal in Portuguese football involving FC Porto, Boavista, and União de Leiria.
Bundesliga scandal (2005) – a match fixing scandal in German football centering on disgraced referee Robert Hoyzer.
Caso Genoa (2005)
Brazilian football match-fixing scandal (2005) – a match fixing scandal involving referees in Brazil.
2006 Calciopoli scandal – a match fixing scandal in Italian football involving several major teams, including three of the country's four qualifiers to the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League.
In the Commonwealth of Independent States Cup 2006, the Armenian champion Pyunik refused to play with an Azerbaijani team, PFC Neftchi. The team Pyunik defeated the Ukrainian team Shakhtar Donetsk 3–1 in the quarter-final, when it already knew that in case of victory they would have to play against Neftchi. After the match, they told the referee they would not play against an Azerbaijani team and later that evening left Moscow on an airplane. The Russian Football Union gave Shakhtar Donetsk a technical victory 3–0 so they could play in the half-final instead of Pyunik, but Shakhtar Donetsk declined the offer stating that "[W]e would really want to play in the half-final, but we don't want to get there by any other way then sport". Eventually, because no one could play against Neftchi in the half-final, Neftchi were right away promoted to the final, where they defeated the Lithuanian club Kaunas 4–2.
2011 Turkish sports corruption scandal – in July 2011, as part of a major match-fixing investigation by authorities in Turkey, nearly 60 people suspected to be involved with fixing games were detained by Istanbul Police Department Organized Crime Control Bureau and then arrested by the court. In June 2014, retrial process has started for all the convicted people.
2013 Lebanese match fixing scandal – in 2013, Lebanese footballers, Ramez Dayoub (playing for Selangor FA) and Mahmoud El Ali (playing for Persiba Balikpapan), were banned for life by the Lebanese Football Association for participating in match-fixing scandals. 22 players were investigated for this.
2015 Greek football scandal – it emerged on 6 April 2015, when prosecutor Aristidis Korreas' 173-page work was revealed. Telephone tapping operated by the National Intelligence Service of Greece has played a significant role in the case. According to the prosecutor's conclusion, Olympiakos. owner Evangelos Marinakis along with Greek Football Federation members Theodoros Kouridis, Aristidis Stathopoulos and Georgios Sarris were suspected of directing a criminal organization since 2011. The goal behind their scheme was to "absolutely control Greek football's fate by the methods of blackmailing and fraud". Referees, judges, football directors and chairmen were also involved in the scandal, but all defendants deny charges. Olympiakos were the champions of the Greek Superleague at the time.
2015 FIFA corruption case
2016 United Kingdom football sexual abuse scandal
2017 Rangers Tax Fraud Case. The Supreme court ruled that money paid to players, managers and directors between 2001 and 2010 was in the form of tax free loans. This totalled £47m
2018 Football Leaks - Der Spiegel and the European Investigative Collaborations (EIC) network of journalists, begun publishing various articles relateding to various dirty deals relating to various dodgy deals behind Arab oil owned football clubs Manchester City, PSG, and Russian owned Monaco. Super League plans by current European powerhouses. Questionable dealings of football agents, Doping involving Russian and Spanish players.
Baseball scandals
Black Sox Scandal (1919)
Pete Rose gambling on baseball – Dowd Report (1989)
Houston Astros sign stealing scandal
For baseball doping scandals, see the "Doping scandals" section.
Boxing scandals
List of deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing
In 1967, then-undefeated World Champion Muhammad Ali was stripped of his title, and denied a boxing license for the next 3 years over his refusal to be drafted into the U.S. army.
In 1983, boxer Luis Resto was caught tampering with his gloves by removing padding and hardening his hand wraps with plaster.
In 2001, International Boxing Federation founder Robert W. "Bobby" Lee, Sr. was convicted of money laundering and tax evasion, following a three-year long investigation of racketeering and bribery at the organization.
Tampered handwraps controversy of 2009 resulting in the suspension of Antonio Margarito
Suspension of boxing judges at the 2016 Summer Olympics - see Boxing at the 2016 Summer Olympics#Judging
College sporting scandals
CCNY point shaving scandal – in 1951, more than 30 players at seven schools were implicated in a point shaving scheme that also had connections to organized crime. The scandal was most strongly linked to the City College of New York because several central figures had played on the school's 1949–50 team that won that season's NCAA tournament and NIT.
Boston College basketball point shaving scandal in 1978–79
Southern Methodist University football scandal – in 1986, it was revealed that Southern Methodist University boosters gave football players thousands of dollars from a "slush fund" with the knowledge of university administrators. Along with a string of prior NCAA violations, this led the NCAA to level the "death penalty" on the school's football team.
University of Michigan basketball scandal – four players, most notably Chris Webber, were paid by a booster to launder money from his gambling operations. In some cases, the payments extended to their high school days.
University of Minnesota basketball scandal – the St. Paul Pioneer Press reported the day before the 1999 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament that an academic counseling staffer at the university publicly acknowledged doing coursework for many basketball players.
Baylor University basketball scandal – player Patrick Dennehy was murdered by teammate Carlton Dotson. Later, coach Dave Bliss instructed his players to lie to NCAA investigators that Dennehy dealt drugs. In the wake of these events, numerous violations of NCAA rules were discovered.
Duke lacrosse case – a stripper hired by members of the Duke University men's lacrosse team for an informal team party in 2006 falsely accused three players of rape.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill football scandal – over ten football players received improper benefits and committed academic fraud by turning in coursework prepared by tutors.
2011 University of Miami athletics scandal – Yahoo! Sports broke a story in which former Miami booster Nevin Shapiro, currently imprisoned for running a Ponzi scheme, indicated he had provided massive amounts of improper benefits to Miami players and coaches, mostly in football, but also in men's basketball.
Penn State child sex abuse scandal – in November 2011, former Penn State defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky was arrested on 40 counts of sexually abusing eight boys over a 15-year period including incidents in Penn State's football facilities. In June 2012, Sandusky was convicted on 45 charges related to the scandal.
University of North Carolina academic-athletic scandal – in a follow-up to the UNC football scandal, new accusations of academic fraud arose in relation to the university's African and Afro-American Studies department and men's basketball program, men's football team, women's soccer and other sports as well. The Wainstein Report, an independent report commissioned by UNC, revealed academic fraud that occurred over at least 18 years involving thousands of students and student athletes. Allegedly, thousands of student athletes were directed by the UNC administration to take "sham" classes in order to maintain eligibility. UNC avoided major NCAA penalties, mainly because said sham classes had been offered to the entire student body.
2015 University of Louisville basketball sex scandal – In 2015, Yahoo! Sports reported that a self-described former madam alleged that she had been paid several thousand dollars from 2010 to 2014 by men's basketball staffer Andre McGee for strip shows and sex parties for players and prospective recruits. The NCAA announced the results of its investigation in June 2017, announcing major sanctions that included a 10-year show-cause penalty for McGee and the potential loss of the team's 2013 national title. An appeal by Louisville failed, and in February 2018 the Cardinals became the first Division I basketball program to be stripped of a national championship.
Baylor University sexual assault scandal – in 2016, Baylor and its football program were rocked by the revelation that university officials failed to act on numerous alleged sexual and non-sexual assaults by football team members between 2012 and 2016, with one player convicted of felony sexual assault. A later lawsuit filed by a group of victims alleged that 31 football players committed 52 rapes between 2011 and 2014. In the wake of the scandal, head football coach Art Briles was fired, athletic director Ian McCaw resigned, and university president Ken Starr was first demoted and then resigned.
2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball corruption scandal – An ongoing FBI investigation into corruption in NCAA men's basketball that has so far resulted in the arrest of 10 individuals, including college assistant coaches from Arizona, Auburn, Oklahoma State, and USC plus high-ranking executives of sports apparel giant Adidas. Other programs initially implicated in the scandal included Louisville, Miami (FL), and South Carolina. Louisville placed head coach Rick Pitino and athletic director Tom Jurich (the latter not directly involved in the scandal) on administrative leave, and soon fired both. Further revelations in February 2018 saw more than a dozen additional programs possibly implicated.
Cricket scandals
Underarm bowling incident of 1981 - Australia's Trevor Chappell became very infamous when Australia played New Zealand at the MCG on February 1, 1981, Australian captain Greg Chappell instructed the bowler (and younger brother Trevor) to bowl the last ball underarm to New Zealand batsmen Brian McKechnie to prevent him from hitting a six. After the bowl, McKechnie threw his bat onto the ground in disgust and Australia won the match. Negative post reactions then occurred after the match. Trevor Chappell was best remembered for the incident.
John the bookmaker controversy – a scandal in which Australia's Mark Waugh and Shane Warne were paid in 1994–95 to provide information on pitch and weather conditions to an Indian bookmaker. The scandal came to light in 1998.
South Africa cricket match fixing in 2000 which resulted in the banning from cricket of Hansie Cronje
Ball tampering controversy in August 2006 - On August 20, 2006, when Pakistan toured England in the fourth test, the umpires Darrell Hair and Billy Doctrove ruled that the Pakistani team had been ball tampering and gave five penalty runs to England then offered them a new ball. After the tea break, Pakistan refused to take the field in protest at the decision. Thus, England won the match by forfeit. After the incident, the whole Pakistan team were busted of the scandal and umpire Darrell Hair was banned from umpiring in cricket.
Pakistan cricket spot-fixing scandal – in 2010, three Pakistan players—team captain Salman Butt, Mohammad Asif and Mohammad Amir—were accused of involvement in a spot-fixing scheme in which they allegedly accepted large sums of money to influence specific events within a match, as opposed to an actual match result. After an investigation, the ICC banned all three from the sport for periods from 5 to 10 years. Later, Butt and Asif were tried in a London court and found guilty of charges related to the scheme, whilst Amir pleaded guilty to similar charges in the same court. All received prison sentences ranging from 6 to 30 months.
2013 Indian Premier League spot-fixing and betting case
2018 Australian ball-tampering scandal - In 2018, When Australia toured South Africa, Australia's Cameron Bancroft was seen on camera rubbing the ball with a small yellow object then hid the object in his underwear. The umpires then ruled he was ball tampering. It was then found that Australian captain Steve Smith and vice captain David Warner were also found to have been involved in the incident. Smith and Warner were then banned for 12 months from international and domestic cricket while Bancroft was banned for 9 months. Smith was also temporarily banned from captaining Australia while Warner received a life ban from captaining.
2018 Sri Lankan cricket pitch fixing and betting scandal
Doping scandals
Doping in sport
Ben Johnson's positive test for steroids after his 1988 Olympic victory in the 100 metres
The Festina affair – a series of doping investigations and scandals surrounding the 1998 Tour de France, initially focusing on the Festina cycling team, but quickly spreading to several other teams.
The Mitchell Report – 88 current and former Major League Baseball (MLB) players were alleged to have used steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs.
The conviction of Barry Bonds (2011) – later overturned on obstruction of justice charges relating to the BALCO investigation
Operación Puerto (2006) – a Spanish investigation into a doping scheme allegedly involving many top cyclists, including several potential contenders in the 2006 Tour de France.
Floyd Landis doping case (2006) – Floyd Landis, initially the winner of the 2006 Tour de France, tested positive for synthetic testosterone and was stripped of his title.
Doping at the 2007 Tour de France – the 2007 Tour de France was rocked by a series of doping scandals. Two riders, including pre-race favorite Alexander Vinokourov, were disqualified for doping offenses. Both teams involved pulled out of the Tour. A third rider, who had abandoned the Tour after a crash, was revealed to have tested positive for testosterone before the Tour. The race leader, Michael Rasmussen, was removed from the Tour by his team with four stages left amid questions surrounding his possible involvement in doping.
Lance Armstrong doping case (2012) – after having been accused of doping for much of the latter part of his career, Lance Armstrong became the subject of an investigation by the United States Anti-Doping Agency. The USADA report revealed that he had engaged in a highly sophisticated doping campaign from 1998 onward. Following the report, the UCI stripped all of Armstrong's results and awards from that time forward, including his then-record seven Tour de France wins.
Biogenesis baseball scandal (2013) – more than a dozen MLB players were found to have received PEDs, mainly human growth hormone, from a now-defunct anti-aging clinic in the Miami area. In all, 13 players received suspensions of 50 or more games, with the longest being given to Alex Rodriguez (162 games) and Ryan Braun (65 games). The number of players suspended is the most for any single incident in the history of organized baseball in North America.
Essendon Football Club supplements saga (2013) – in February 2013, the Essendon Football Club, a professional Australian rules football club participating in the Australian Football League (AFL), were investigated by the Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) over the legality of its supplements program during the 2012 AFL season and the preceding preseason. In January 2016, the players were found guilty of having used the banned peptide thymosin beta-4, resulting in the suspensions of thirty-four players who were part of the program.
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks supplements saga (2013) – in February 2013, the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, a professional rugby league team participating in the National Rugby League (NRL), were investigated by the ASADA and the WADA over the legality of its supplements program during the preseason and the regular 2011 NRL season. In August 2014, the players were found guilty of having used the banned peptide CJC-1295, resulting in the suspensions of fourteen players who were part of the program.
Skating scandals
Figure skating scandals
Attack on Nancy Kerrigan - Nancy Kerrigan was attacked after a practice session at the 1994 U.S. Figure Skating Championships. Kerrigan's main team competitor, Tonya Harding, was accused of being involved in the attack.
Kamila Valieva's failed drug test - Kamila Valieva failed a drug test for a banned heart medication in December 2021. This drug test result only surfaced after the figure skating team event in the 2022 Beijing Olympic Games, in which she competed for the ROC. Despite the result of the drug test, Kamila Valieva was cleared to skate in the Beijing 2022 singles event by the Court of Arbitration for Sport the following week, as she was considered a protected person due to being only 15 years of age. This decision was highly controversial and has resulted in the minimum age for competing in the Olympic Games for figure skating to rise from 15 years of age to 17 years of age.
Short track speed skating scandals
Cho Jae-beom was convicted for 10.5 years in jail in January 2021 of sexual abuse of multiple Olympic gold medalist Shim Suk-hee.
Gliding scandals
During the 2020 Women's World Gliding Championships at Lake Keepit, Australia, the home team captain Terry Cubley (Executive Officer of the GFA) was charged with unsporting behaviour for hacking the official tracking system to bypass the mandatory 15 minute delay and forward real time competitors' positions to his team, granting a tactical advantage. An investigation revealed that Matt Gage had been closely involved with the developers of the tracking system, and was aware of an undocumented back door that allowed the team captain (Terry Cubley) to bypass the 15 minute delay. This real-time information was relayed by the team captain over the radio to the Australian pilots. This was the first time in the sport's history that an entire team had been penalised for unsporting behaviour, with the Competition Director applying a penalty of 25 points per pilot per day. Controversially the pilots involved were spared disqualification only receiving a relatively trivial points reduction (compared to a competing pilot who was disqualified for infringing airspace earlier in the competition). Following a subsequent GFA investigation two of the Australian Team admitted to cheating and the GFA made a formal apology to the FAI and the wider gliding community. Terry Cubley was removed from his role as Vice President of the IGC, but chose to remain as Executive Officer of the GFA . The pilots involved chose to appeal against this decision, resulting in the longest and most comprehensive investigation in the FAIs history. The final judgement described the actions of the pilots as ‘reprehensible’, increased the penalty to disqualification and removed their flights from the competition record. The Appeal Tribunal also recommended the FAI to take further disciplinary action against those involved. Following the Tribunals verdict Lisa Turner (the Australian pilots’ representative to the tribunal) issued a press release re-iterating their denial of cheating, accused the tribunal of bias against the Australian team and announced a further appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport CAS.
Golf scandals
Jane Blalock cheating controversy – one of the LPGA Tour's top players, Jane Blalock, was accused of illegally marking her golf ball on the green. She was suspended and fined by the tour, but Blalock in turn filed suit and won an injunction that allowed her to continue playing. Blalock eventually won her lawsuit and she and the LPGA reached an out-of-court settlement.
Vijay Singh, a former number one golfer in the world, was suspended from the PGA Tour for using deer antler spray, which violated the PGA Tour Anti-Doping Policy. Likewise in 1985, Vijay Singh was caught erasing his score on a hole and replacing it with a lower score after the scorecard had been signed. Once the rules officials confirmed the allegations, Singh was banned from the Asian Tour. To this day, Singh has not acknowledged that he cheated.
Gymnastics scandals
Age controversies in gymnastics
USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal – former USA Gymnastics national team doctor, Larry Nassar, was accused of sexual abuse by more than 150 girls and women. Nassar was sentenced to 60 years in prison on federal child pornography charges in December 2017, and was sentenced to 80 to 300 years in prison after two separate trials on sexual assault charges in January 2018, to be served consecutively.
Horse racing scandals
Show jumping horse killings – from 1975 to 1995, wealthy owners and trainers of show jumping horses conspired to electrocute and otherwise kill over-valued as well as under-performing animals in a 20-year-long scheme to defraud insurance companies. Crimes also committed during this equestrian sports scandal include extortion, mail fraud, animal cruelty and the murder of at least one human being.
Fine Cotton/Bold Personality ring-in – a 1984 betting scam in which the conspirators, which included some elite figures in Australian Thoroughbred racing, substituted the far more talented Bold Personality for Fine Cotton in a low-class race. The scheme was discovered immediately after the race and the investigation led to lifetime bans for six individuals and bans of more than a decade for at least two more.
2020 Horse racing doping scam – the scam was revealed in March 2020, when the FBI cracked down several top names in american horse racing. Initially, 27 people (trainers and veterinarians) were charged with doping, which later increased to 29 people.
Ice hockey scandals
Operation Slapshot (2006) – investigation into a gambling ring allegedly operated by National Hockey League assistant coach Rick Tocchet.
Chicago Blackhawks Sexual Assault Scandal (2010) - Kyle Beach, former NHL player, was sexually assaulted by then assistant coach Brad Aldrich during the 2009-10 Chicago Blackhawks season. Even though the incident was known by the front office, no actions were taken to provide Beach with a proper care and recovery. The scandal was under the radar for almost a decade when Beach decided to formally expose the incident.
Match-fixing scandals
Ten of the twelve members of the gold medal-winning Spanish basketball team at the 2000 Summer Paralympics were revealed to have no disability.
Fresno Case scandal (2004) – an attempt to rig a vote to prevent the Catalan rink hockey team from being accepted into international competition.
Melbourne Football Club tanking scandal (2009) – allegations arose that the club deliberately lost matches in 2009 so that it would put itself into a position whereby they would secure a priority draft pick at that year's draft.
In 2011, snooker player John Higgins was accused of accepting bribery in order to lose frames purposefully. Higgins denied any accusations of match-fixing and bribery, however, he was found guilty of accepting bribery while there was no evidence for him match-fixing. "World number one John Higgins has been suspended from all future tournaments after reportedly agreeing to take a £261,000 bribe to lose frames."
Motorsport and racing scandals
1994 Formula One cheating controversy – a number of allegations of cheating were thrown during the 1994 Formula One season, particularly to Benetton team.
2007 NASCAR Gatorade Duel scandal – three various incidents related to the Gatorade Duel.
2007 Formula One espionage controversy, commonly known as Spygate – an incident in which Scuderia Ferrari mechanic Nigel Stepney passed on a secret document to Mike Coughlan of McLaren.
2008 race fixing controversy – it was surrounded by allegations in Formula One that driver Nelson Piquet Jr. deliberately crashed in the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix to help his Renault teammate Fernando Alonso win
2013 Federated Auto Parts 400 – in the final Sprint Cup race, before the field was set for the 2013 Chase for the Sprint Cup, three teams—Michael Waltrip Racing, Penske Racing and Front Row Motorsports—were found to have extensively manipulated the race finish in an attempt to secure Chase places for MWR driver Martin Truex Jr. and Penske driver Joey Logano.
2019 Ford EcoBoost 400 – in the final race of the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, three teams – Premium Motorsports, Spire Motorsports and Rick Ware Racing – were found to have manipulated the race finish by parking their cars in order to allow the No. 27 team to score more points, passing the Gaunt Brothers Racing No. 96 in the standings to obtain an end of season cash bonus.
Olympic Games scandals
2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal – a number of IOC members were forced to resign after it was uncovered that they had accepted inappropriately valuable "gifts" in return for voting for Salt Lake City to hold the Games.
2002 Winter Olympics figure skating scandal – dual gold medals were awarded in pairs figure skating to Canadian pair Jamie Salé and David Pelletier, as well as to Russian pair Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze, after allegations of collusion among judges.
Lochtegate – four United States swimmers at the 2016 Summer Olympics including Ryan Lochte were involved in a scandal around an accusation being victims of armed robbery, which ultimately concluded with fines, loss of sponsorships, and statements of apology from the swimmers and various oversight organizations.
Russian doping scandal – Russia has the most (51) Olympic medals stripped for doping violations – four times the number of the second country (Belarus). From 2011 to 2015, more than a thousand Russian competitors in various sports, including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports, benefited from a cover-up with no indication that the program has ceased since then.
Paralympic Games
Cheating at the Paralympic Games – in the 2000 Summer Paralympics, athletes from Spain competed and won the gold medal in the Basketball ID event despite the majority of players not having an intellectual disability. The fallout from this scandal saw all events for athletes with intellectual disabilities removed from the next two Summer Paralympics.
Rugby league scandals
Melbourne Storm salary cap breach – in 2010, the Melbourne Storm were punished for breaching the salary cap and were stripped of the ability to accumulate points, had their name stripped from the premierships and minor premierships they had gained over the previous four years and forced to pay back millions of dollars of prize money. It is the toughest punishment for a salary cap breach in NRL history.
Cronulla Sharks supplements doping scandal – following an extensive investigation by ASADA, players from the Cronulla Sharks were found guilty of having used the banned peptide CJC-1295, resulting in the suspensions of fourteen players. A number of senior staff were dismissed or resigned and several senior club members received penalties and suspensions.
Matthew Johns sexual assault allegations – in 2002, while on a trip to New Zealand, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks player Matthew Johns took part in degrading group sex with a young woman while up to 11 of his teammates joined in. The scandal was reported by the ABC's Four Corners TV series. Johns admitted having consensual sex with the girl and made a public apology on Channel Nine's The Footy Show. Johns was suspended from The Footy Show and was released by the Melbourne Storm as their assistant coach.
Rugby union scandals
Grannygate – scandal in March 2000 over the eligibility of Shane Howarth and Brett Sinkinson representing the Wales national team
Kamp Staaldraad – controversial training camp for the Springboks (South Africa's national rugby union team) before the 2003 Rugby World Cup
"Bloodgate" – a scheme by the English rugby union club Harlequins to fake an injury to wing Tom Williams to allow a blood replacement to be brought on at a critical moment in their 2009 Heineken Cup quarterfinal against Leinster. The scheme, which included deliberately cutting Williams' mouth open after the match in order to cover up the fake injury, ultimately led to Quins head coach Dean Richards being banned from the sport for three years.
Sumo wrestling scandals
Tokitsukaze stable hazing scandal (2007)
Match Fixing Scandal (2011)
Harumafuji Scandal (2017)
Tennis scandals
Betting patterns on Nikolay Davydenko during a match with Martin Vassallo Arguello indicated corruption.
Russian doping scandal
Volleyball scandals
Rick Butler sexual abuse allegations
References
External links
ArmchairGM's Top 25 Sports Scandals
Scandals |
A curb bit is a type of bit used for riding horses that uses lever action. It includes the pelham bit and the Weymouth curb along with the traditional "curb bit" used mainly by Western riders.
Kimberewicks are modified curb bits, and a curb bit is used in a double bridle along with a bradoon. A curb bit is, in general, more severe than a basic snaffle bit, although there are several factors that are involved in determining a bit's severity. Liverpool bits are a type of curb bit commonly used for horses in harness.
The curb bit
The curb bit consists of a mouthpiece, curb chain, and a shank, with one ring on each side of the purchase arm of the shank, and one ring on the bottom of the lever arm of the shank. Pelham bits add a ring for a snaffle rein, next to the mouthpiece.
Action
A curb bit works on several parts of a horse's head and mouth. The bit mouthpiece acts on the bars, tongue and roof of the mouth. The shanks add leverage and place pressure on the poll via the crownpiece of the bridle, to the chin groove via the curb chain, and, especially with a "loose jaw" shank, may act on the sides of the mouth and jaw.
The shank
A curb bit is a leverage bit, meaning that it multiplies the pressure applied by the rider. Unlike a snaffle bit, which applies direct rein pressure from the rider's hand to the horse's mouth, the curb can amplify rein pressure several times over, depending on the length of the curb's bit shank. Shank sizes vary from the Tom Thumb (2 inches long) to more than 5 inches. The longer the bit shank, the more powerful its potential effect on the horse. For this reason, overall shank or cheek length, from the top of the cheek ring to the bottom of the rein ring, usually cannot exceed inches for most horse show disciplines.
Leverage principles
The relation of the upper shank (purchase)—the shank length from the mouthpiece to the cheekpiece rings—and the lower shank or lever arm—the shank length from the mouthpiece to the lowest rein ring, is important in the severity of the bit. The standard curb bit has a " purchase and a " lower shank, thus producing a 1:3 ratio of purchase to lower shank, a 1:4 ratio of purchase to full shank, thus producing 3 lbs of pressure on the chin groove and 4 lbs of pressure on the horse's mouth for every 1 lb placed on the reins (3 and 4 newtons respectively for every newton).
Regardless of the ratio, the longer the shank, the less force is needed on the reins to provide a given amount of pressure on the mouth. So, if one were to apply 1 lb of pressure on the horse's mouth, a 2" shank would need more rein pressure than an 8" shank to provide the same effect.
A long lower shank in relation to the upper shank (or purchase) increases the leverage, and thus the pressure, on the curb groove and the bars of the mouth. A long purchase in relation to the lower shank increases the pressure on the poll and chin, but does not apply as much pressure on the bars of the mouth. A longer purchase will also lift the cannons up and cause significant lip stretch, with an increased danger of dragging the cannons of the bit into the premolars.
A horse has more warning or pre-signal, in a long-shanked bit, allowing it to respond before any significant pressure is applied to its mouth, than it would in a shorter-shanked bit, but ultimately it is the straightness or curve of the shank which translates to the abruptness of response. A straight shank, following the line of leverage, will produce a faster response in the mouth and curb than a shorter curved shank. In this way, a longer shank can allow better communication between horse and rider, without increasing severity. This is also directly dependent on the tightness of the curb chain. Pre-signal is everything that happens before the curbstrap engages, so a properly adjusted curbstrap is paramount in determining the amount of rotation and the timeframe a horse has to prepare for the bit to engage. Too tight and the action is abrupt and severe, too loose and the action is slower, but the bit rotates further, causing it to lift in the mouth and hit the premolars.
Types
Shanks come in a variety of types, which may affect the action of the bit. Some shanks are loose-jawed, meaning they swivel where the mouthpiece attaches to the shank. Others have a loose, rotating ring at the bottom of the shank for rein attachment. Both of these functions allow slight rotation before the bit engages, again providing a "warning" to the horse before the bit engages fully and allowing him to respond to the slightest pressure, thus increasing communication between horse and rider.
The cheek-shank angle also varies, with some straight up and down, others with the shanks curving backward, and some with an S-curve in the shank. The straighter the cheek-shank line is, the less signal is provided to the horse before the bit engages. Those that curve backward provide more of a signal to the horse. Therefore, the type of shank needs to be considered according to the use of the horse. Horses that maintain a more vertical head position, such as dressage horses, generally use a curb bit with straight shanks. Those that have a nose-out head position when working, such as cutting and roping horses, more commonly use a curved shank.
Mouthpiece
The curb bit's mouthpiece controls the pressure on the tongue, roof of the mouth, and bars. A mullen mouth places even pressure on the bars and tongue. A port places more pressure on the bars, but provides room for the tongue. A high port may act on the roof of the mouth as it touches. Some Western style curbs, particularly the spade bit, have both a straight bar mouthpiece and a high welded port, thus acting on the bars, tongue and palate. In the wrong hands, such bits can be extremely severe, but on an exquisitely trained animal, they allow the rider to communicate with the horse with a simple touch of the fingertips to the reins.
Curb bits can also be purchased with a variety of jointed mouthpieces that are sometimes mistakenly called "snaffles", some of which (like the twisted wire) can further increase severity. Jointed mouthpieces increase the pressure on the bars due to the nutcracker action of the mouthpiece. In addition, the joint angle is altered by the shank leverage to tip the bit downward and into the tongue. These bits, sometimes called "cowboy snaffles" due to their popularity among western riders, are actually more harsh than a curb with a simple, solid, ported mouthpiece.
Accessories
The curb chain or strap applies pressure to the curb groove under a horse's chin. When the shank of the bit rotates back (due to rein pressure), the cheek of the bit rotates forward since it is a lever arm. The curb chain is attached to the rings at the end of the cheek. So as the cheek moves forward, it pulls the curb chain, tightening in the curb groove. Once it comes in contact with the curb groove of the horse it acts as a fulcrum, causing the cannons of the bit mouthpiece to push down onto the horse's bars, thus amplifying the bit's pressure on the bars of the horse's mouth.
The action of the bit is therefore also dependent on the tightness of the curb chain. If the bit is used without a curb chain (very uncommon—and dangerous), it loses its leverage action. If used with a loose curb chain, it allows the shanks to rotate more before the curb chain is tight enough to act as a fulcrum and exert pressure. This extra rotation can warn the horse before pressure is exerted on the mouth, so the well-trained horse may respond faster. If used with a very tight curb chain, the bit immediately exerts leverage and increased pressure on the bars as soon as pressure is applied to the reins. Therefore, a tight curb chain is harsher, and provides less finesse in signaling the horse than a looser curb chain would.
Less often seen is the lip strap, a thin strap or light chain that helps keep the curb chain in place and also prevents the horse from grabbing, or "lipping" the bit shanks with its mouth.
Styles
Curb bits have tremendous variation, from the relatively simple English Weymouth curb or the simple western medium-port curb to very elaborate designs with complex mouthpieces and shank designs. Some of the more common include:
Weymouth or Weymouth curb: commonly used in a double bridle. It is an English style with a straight shank. The mouthpiece can be one of numerous styles, but usually it is solid, with a low port.
Grazing bit: A western curb with shanks turned back nearly 90 degrees, allegedly to allow the horse to graze while wearing a curb bit. Modern western bits with moderately curved or angled shanks are sometimes called grazing bits, even if the angle is less extreme than the original design.
Spade bit: A historic vaquero design with straight, highly decorated shanks and a mouthpiece that includes a straight bar, a narrow port with a cricket, and a "spoon," a flat, partly rounded plate affixed above the port, supported by braces on either side. Considered a highly technical piece of equipment to be used only on a finished horse.
Liverpool bit: A curb bit with several rein-attachment slots on the curb arms, giving a choice of leverage – the reins may alternatively be attached directly to the bit to use it as a simple snaffle. Used for horses in harness, especially when working in teams, when different horses may require different treatment – their bits can be adjusted so the same tension on the reins of each horse gives a similar result. This allows the reins of the different horses in a team to be joined together, minimising the number of reins the driver has to manage.
Fitting
Curbs are generally placed lower down in a horse's mouth than snaffle bits, touching the corners of the mouth, or creating a single slight wrinkle in the lips. The lower the bit is placed, the more severe it is as the bars of the mouth get thinner and pressure is more concentrated.
The curb chain should be adjusted correctly, lying flat against the chin groove and only coming into action against the jaw when the shank is rotated, but not so loose that the shank exceeds 45 degrees of rotation.
References and external links
The Bit Gallery
Bits (horse) |
Foyt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
A. J. Foyt (born 1935), retired American automobile racing driver
Larry Foyt (born 1977), semi-retired NASCAR and IndyCar driver
Victoria Foyt, American author, novelist, screenwriter and actress
A. J. Foyt IV (born 1984), American race car driver
See also
A. J. Foyt Enterprises, American racing team in the IZOD Indycar Series and formerly NASCAR
2007 ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225, race in the 2007 IRL IndyCar Series, held at The Milwaukee Mile
2008 ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225, race in the 2008 IRL IndyCar Series, held at The Milwaukee Mile
2009 ABC Supply Company A.J. Foyt 225, race in the 2009 IndyCar Series, held at the Milwaukee Mile
A. J. Foyt 225 or Milwaukee IndyFest, IndyCar Series race held at the Milwaukee Mile in West Allis, Wisconsin |
The Christian Council of Korea (CCK) is a national evangelical alliance, member of the World Evangelical Alliance. The CCK is one of the alliances of churches in South Korea, comprising 69 denominations and 20 Christian organizations, which together represent over 12 million people. The organization's purpose is to study, confer, and work together for the accomplishment of the Christian Church's earthly mission, while maintaining the individuality of its members.
History
The CCK was established in 1989 after a devotional service and meeting of senior pastors and representatives from various Christian denominations.
Controversies
The CCK has undergone a number of controversies. Some of them have centered around accusations of financial mismanagement, bribery and corruption. A former CCK president confessed that "bribery has become the norm in the Christian organization." A Seoul court recently ordered the suspension of the chairman of the CCK for procedural irregularities in electing the head of the umbrella body of Korean Protestant churches. Other Korean pastors have also criticized the CCK for its corruption and infighting.
Christian networks and organizations say that the CCK has no ability to purify itself and must be dismantled. The KNACP (Korean National Association of Christian Pastors) spokesman argued that the CCK must be disbanded and that the NCCK (National Council of Churches in Korea), another Christian organization in Korea, must not overlook the allegations of corruption in the CCK.
Other controversies have centered on the conduct of the CCK's heresy investigations. Accusations of heresy have routinely been leveled by CCK member organizations and individuals against other members and individuals, leading to widespread division and confusion amongst Korean churches. The accusations and counter-accusations have been compared to the witch trials conducted by the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. The CCK's Heresy Committee was accused of becoming effectively a private organization.
Further controversy arose in 2013 around SamKyung Choi, a key leader in the Heresy Committees of the CCK and the Presbyterian Church of Korea, where Choi was accused of trading favorable verdicts in exchange for bribes.
The CCK has since expressed its regret over the heresy investigations and has said that it would be willing to reexamine the accusations and verdicts. SamKyung Choi and several pastors associated with him have left the CCK.
CCIK
In 2012, 20 denominations formerly belonging to the CCK created a new organization, the Communion of Churches in Korea (CCIK). In response, the CCK expelled the denominations and pastors who joined the CCIK. The CCIK has in turn leveled accusations of corruption and heresy against the CCK.
In September 2012, the Presbyterian Church of Korea, decided to leave the CCK. Later in the same month, the Korea Evangelical Fellowship also decided to leave the CCK. On Apr, 14, 2014, the Kosin Presbyterian Church in Korea decided to leave the CCK.
Sam Kyung Chae, once vice chair of CCK's Heresy Committee, claimed that over 20 denominations have broken away from CCK to join the CCIK due to a heresy trial. However, in 2010, Chae was ousted from the CCK as he too was accused of holding heretical beliefs. The CCK has furthermore denied Chae's claims of the breakaway, stating, "No denominations have left the CCK over this issue."
Despite the controversies, the CCK has maintained an affiliate relationship with the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA). For instance, in 2011, the CCK and WEA held a joint Thanksgiving ceremony together. However, though the WEA General Assembly was planned to be held in South Korea in 2014, it was postponed due to the internal divisions in the evangelical community in the country. Geoff Tunnicliffe, the CEO and secretary general for the WEA, said that the divisions in question were primarily organizational in nature, and that the CCK understood and agreed with the postponement.
References
Religious organizations based in South Korea
Christian organizations established in 1989
National evangelical alliances
Evangelicalism in South Korea |
General Maude may refer to:
Frederick Francis Maude (1821–1897), British Army general
Stanley Maude (1864–1917), British Army lieutenant general in the Mesopotamian campaign and fall of Baghdad in 1917
Timothy Maude (1947–2001), U.S. Army lieutenant general killed in the September 11, 2001 attacks |
La Sexta (; "The Sixth"; stylized as laSexta) is a privately owned Spanish free-to-air television channel that was founded on 18 March 2001 as Beca TV and began broadcasting on 1 April 2001. By 21 July 2003, the channel ran into debt and was shut down, but two years later in 2005, it was replaced by a new channel called La Sexta that began test transmissions on 25 November 2005, and a year later, it started broadcasting officially on 27 March 2006. The channel's programming is generalist, however, there is an emphasis on humour and entertainment. The channel broadcasts a large amount of American and sports programming, and in recent years it has covered political events such as elections, including extensive debate through three key programmes: Al rojo vivo (Red-hot), El objetivo (The lens) and Salvados (Saved). The political alignment of its news and debate programs is left-leaning.
In 2012 the channel was acquired by Grupo Antena 3, later named Atresmedia Televisión.
Programming
LaSexta's programming from Monday to Friday is mainly based on information and debate spaces, although more general programming such as movies, reality shows or reporting programs are broadcast at night. During the weekend, the channel reduces its news and debate programs to broadcast reruns of previous programs or movies.
Some original programming of LaSexta includes BuenAgente, El Intermedio, El jefe infiltrado, Pesadilla en la cocina, Qué vida más triste, The Refugees, Salvados, Sé lo que hicisteis..., SMS: Sin Miedo a Soñar, and Zapeando.
Other programming also includes Emma's Theatre, My Name Is Earl, The Office, Law & Order, World of Polli, The Sopranos, NCIS, The King of Queens, Monsuno, Entourage, Pierre the Painter, How I Met Your Mother, Family Guy, Futurama, Bones, 30 Rock, Arthur's Missing Pal, The Mentalist, Eleventh Hour, Do As I Do, Prison Break and The Walking Dead.
Production
La Sexta currently broadcasts in 16:9 for most programming although they still use 4:3 for a minority of programming including films and older series.
Logos
History
La Sexta was first founded as a TV production company on 25 November 2005 when it got its broadcast license. It began testing the broadcast on 12 December, shortly before knowing the analog frequencies assigned to Madrid and Barcelona.
On 23 December, broadcasts started in Madrid and Barcelona, expanding later to all Spain.
Starting 23 January 2006 they began broadcasting a promotional video. 20 February marked the start of content emissions testing. Actual broadcasts started with documentaries (Champions, Natura) and programs dedicated to tuning, like 'Tuning Mania'. From 22 February, La Sexta broadcast twelve hours of programming every day.
On 2 March, a football match between Croatia and Argentina was the occasion for the first live broadcast. Five days before the actual date, José Miguel Contreras announced the official starting date, 27 March, on the Círculo de Bellas Artes.
References
External links
Official site
La Sexta at LyngSat Address
Television stations in Spain
Television channels and stations established in 2001
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2003
Television channels and stations established in 2005
Television channels and stations established in 2006
Spanish companies established in 2005
Spanish companies established in 2006
Spanish-language television stations
Atresmedia channels |
Statistics of Czechoslovak First League in the 1974–1975 season.
Overview
It was contested by 16 teams, and ŠK Slovan Bratislava won the championship. Ladislav Petráš was the league's top scorer with 20 goals.
Stadia and locations
League standings
Results
Top goalscorers
References
Czechoslovakia - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Czechoslovak First League seasons
Czech
1974–75 in Czechoslovak football |
```arduino
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SPI.h>
void setup() {
// UART initialization
Serial.begin(9600);
// I2C initialization
Wire.begin();
// SPI initialization
SPI.begin();
}
void loop() {
// UART echo
if (Serial.available()) {
Serial.write(Serial.read());
}
// I2C read/write
Wire.beginTransmission(0x68); // I2C address of device
Wire.write(0x00); // register to read/write
Wire.write(0xFF); // data to write (if writing)
Wire.endTransmission();
Wire.requestFrom(0x68, 1); // number of bytes to read
while (Wire.available()) {
Serial.println(Wire.read());
}
// SPI read/write
digitalWrite(SS, LOW); // select slave device
SPI.transfer(0x01); // data to write
digitalWrite(SS, HIGH); // deselect slave device
digitalWrite(SS, LOW); // select slave device
byte data = SPI.transfer(0x00); // data to read
digitalWrite(SS, HIGH); // deselect slave device
Serial.println(data);
delay(1000); // wait for 1 second before repeating loop
}
``` |
Đurinci () is a village in the municipality of Sopot, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1088 people.
References
Suburbs of Belgrade
Sopot, Belgrade |
You Can't Resist is the third studio album by Canadian country music singer-songwriter Patricia Conroy, and was released in 1994 by Warner Music Canada.
On 5 March 1996, Intersound Records released the album in the United States.
Track listing
"What Else Can I Do" (Tony Arata, Scott Miller) – 4:15
"You Can't Resist It" (Lyle Lovett) – 3:10
"Somebody's Leavin'" (Kostas, Matraca Berg) – 4:00
"Diamonds" (Tom Kimmel, Karen Besbeck) – 3:35
"The Bridge" (Kimmel, Jim Pitman) – 3:30
"I Don't Wanna Be the One" (Patricia Conroy) – 3:52
"Crazy Fool" (Conroy) – 3:18
"Too True Blue" (George Teren, Susan Longacre) – 3:08
"Keep Me Rockin'" (Conroy, Jennifer Kimball) – 3:35
"Home in Your Arms" (Berg, Lisa Silver) – 3:34
Personnel
Kenny Aronoff – drums, percussion
Bruce Bouton – pedal steel guitar, lap steel guitar
Mike Brignardello – bass guitar
Kathy Burdick – background vocals
Dennis Burnside – Hammond organ, piano
Patricia Conroy – lead vocals
Dan Dugmore – pedal steel guitar, dobro
Bob Funk – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
David Grissom – bass guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Sue Medley – background vocals
Brent Rowan – dobro, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, mandolin
Lisa Silver – background vocals
Mike Wanchic – background vocals
Dennis Wilson – background vocals
Curtis Young – background vocals
Chart performance
Patricia Conroy albums
1994 albums |
Dambarawa is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province. Its name comes from ancient times as there were many Damba trees there. There is a small beautiful lake.
You can visit this village from Kandy 9 km. Another Dambarawa village located near Mahiyangana, which is a few miles away.
External links
Populated places in Central Province, Sri Lanka |
The Cresskill Public Schools are a comprehensive community public school district serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Cresskill in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The district is governed by a Board of Education and administered by a superintendent of schools, a school business administrator and board secretary, and principals, as part of the district's staff of 180.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,790 students and 144.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Awards and recognition
In Newsweek's May 22, 2007 issue, ranking the country's top high schools, Cresskill High School was listed in 209th place, the fifth-highest ranked school in New Jersey; the school had been ranked 202nd in the 2006 survey and in 93rd in 2005.
Cresskill High School was the 39th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 328 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2012 cover story on the state's Top Public High Schools.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Edward H. Bryan School with 477 students grades PreK-5
Erik Roth, principal
Merritt Memorial School with 336 students in grades PreK-5
Sean Conlon, principal
Middle school
Cresskill Middle School with 426 in grades 6-8
John Massaro, principal
High school
Cresskill High School with 541 students in grades 9-12
John Massaro, principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Michael Burke, superintendent
Dawn Delasandro, business administrator and board secretary
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district.
Other Information
As of December 22, 2021, the Cresskill High School and Middle School which were damaged by Hurricane Ida are still under renovation.
References
External links
Cresskill Public Schools
Cresskill Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Cresskill, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group I
School districts in Bergen County, New Jersey |
Margaret Forbes (c.1807 – 13 January 1877) was a New Zealand innkeeper and land protester. She was born in Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, Scotland on c.1807.
References
1807 births
1877 deaths
New Zealand activists
New Zealand women activists
19th-century New Zealand people |
Duodao District () is a district of the city of Jingmen, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
History
The name 'Duodao' is derived from an incident involving Guan Yu said to have occurred in the area during the Three Kingdoms period. On March 17, 2001, Hechang Township, Macheng Town, Tuanlinpu Town, Duodaoshi Subdistrict and Baimiao Subdistrict, originally part of Dongbao District, were made into Duodao District.
Administrative divisions
Four subdistricts:
Duodaoshi/Duodao Subdistrict (), Baimiao Subdistrict (), Xinglong Subdistrict (), Shuangxi Subdistrict ()
Two towns:
Tuanlinpu (), Macheng ()
Economy
Once an array of vegetation and fields, Duodao has developed rapidly over recent years. Apartment buildings and businesses have quickly cropped up and Duodao is soon to be home to Jingmen's first Walmart store.
Duodao is the location of Jingmen Hi-Tech Technology Industrial Park which hosts international companies such as Li Ning, which has its largest distribution centre here.
Education
Duodao is home to some notable schools such as Duodaoshi Middle School (), Jingmen Special Education School for children with special needs, The Medical School of Jingchu University of Technology (), and Shilipai Primary School ()
References
County-level divisions of Hubei
Jingmen |
Melodi Grand Prix 2021 was the 59th edition of the Norwegian music competition Melodi Grand Prix (MGP). The contest served as the country's preselection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2021. The competition was organized by NRK and was held between 16 January 2021 and 20 February 2021. A total of 26 songs participated – the highest number in the history of the competition.
The competition consisted of five semi-finals, a "wild card" show, and the final on Saturday 20 February 2021. A total of twelve songs participated in the final. Of these, six songs were pre-qualified, while the rest had to qualify through the five semi-finals and the wild card show. All shows were broadcast live from the H3 Arena in Fornebu, just outside Oslo.
The contest was won by the song "Fallen Angel" by Tix. The song therefore in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Format
The contest was held without an audience due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway.
Presenters
The competition was hosted by the same three presenters as the previous edition: Kåre Magnus Bergh hosted for the seventh time, whereas Ronny Brede Aase and Ingrid Gjessing Linhave hosted the show for the second time. Linhave left the show from the fifth semi-final, citing long-term back problems, and was replaced by Silje Nordnes.
Competing entries
Song submissions were open from 15 May 2020 to 16 August 2020. The competing entries in each semi-final were revealed five days before their respective semi-final's scheduled airdate. The six pre-qualified acts were revealed on 11 January 2021, along with the competing entries in the first semi-final.
Semi-finals
Semi-final 1
The entries competing in the first semi-final were revealed on 11 January 2021, and the semi-final took place on 16 January 2021.
Semi-final 2
The entries competing in the second semi-final were revealed on 18 January 2021, and the semi-final took place on 23 January 2021.
Semi-final 3
The entries competing in the third semi-final were revealed on 25 January 2021, and the semi-final took place on 30 January 2021.
Semi-final 4
The entries competing in the fourth semi-final were revealed on 1 February 2021, and the semi-final took place on 6 February 2021.
Semi-final 5
The entries competing in the fifth semi-final were revealed on 8 February 2021, and the semi-final took place on 13 February 2021.
Second Chance
The second chance round took place on 15 February 2021.
Final
Twelve songs consisting of the five semi-finals winners and one Second Chance alongside the six pre-qualified songs competed in the final which was hosted by H3 Arena, Fornebu on 20 February 2021.
In the first round, all twelve finalists performed once, after which the four best songs proceeded to the gold final. After the second voting round, the two best songs from the gold final proceeded to the gold duel. A third voting round then determined the winner of Melodi Grand Prix 2021.
After the gold duel, the results of the online voting were revealed by representatives of Norway's five regions, which led to the victory of "Fallen Angel" performed by Tix.
Incidents
After the second semi-final, NRK revealed that there had been technical difficulties in the first two semi-finals, which caused votes from devices with older iOS and Android operating systems to be rejected. NRK stated that the results of the semi-finals were unaffected. The system was corrected for the later shows.
After the final, it was reported by Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang that voting issues had again occurred in the final, and that some viewers' votes had not been counted. NRK stated that the voting system had interpreted the large number of votes as suspicious, and confirmed that the error did not affect the results.
Ratings
See also
Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest
Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
Eurovision Song Contest 2021
Notes
References
External links
Melodi Grand Prix on NRK TV
2021
2021 song contests
January 2021 events in Norway
Eurovision Song Contest 2021
February 2021 events in Norway
2021 in Norwegian music
2021 in Norwegian television |
Norman Dalziel Warne (6 July 1868 – 25 August 1905) was the third son of publisher Frederick Warne, and joined his father's firm Frederick Warne & Co as an editor. In 1900, the company rejected Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but eventually reconsidered and in October 1902, published the book to great success. Norman Warne became Potter's editor and they worked together on several subsequent books and related merchandise, such as soft toys and The Game of Peter Rabbit.
In 1904, Potter and Warne worked closely together to develop a tale about two mice and a doll's house. Potter began spending more time at the firm's offices and took several trips to Warne's home to sketch a doll's house he was constructing for his nieces. In July 1905 Warne proposed. Potter accepted, but on 25 August 1905, before a marriage could take place, Warne died suddenly of pernicious anaemia Potter remained in touch with Warne's sister Millie for many years, and his brothers Harold and Fruing became her editors. The relationship between Potter and Warne became the basis for the film Miss Potter (2006). In 2012, a decision to erect a plaque at Warne's former home in Bedford Square honouring his memory was turned down by English Heritage, presumably because of the lack of funding on English Heritage's part, as they have the funding to erect only twelve to fifteen plaques a year.
Career and relationship with Beatrix Potter
In 1894, Frederick Warne retired from active management of the Bedford Street publishing firm bearing his name in London and ceded control to his three sons, Harold, Fruing, and Norman, before his death in 1905. Harold was a managing partner, Fruing was responsible for sales, and Norman for production and some sales. Norman Warne's brothers were both married men, but when the 35-year-old Potter met him in 1901 he was a 33-year-old bachelor living with his widowed mother and his unmarried sister Amelia ("Millie") in the family house in Bedford Square, Bloomsbury. Potter almost always dealt with Norman Warne during negotiations for the publication of Peter Rabbit and their terms of address had evolved from "Sir" and "Madam" to "Mr. Warne" and "Miss Potter" by the time a contract was signed in 1902.
In October 1902, The Tale of Peter Rabbit was published and Potter became a frequent visitor to Warne's offices at the same time. She arrived in the Potter carriage with the elderly family cook Elizabeth Harper (or other servant as chaperone) or her fellow illustrator and friend Gertrude Woodward. Potter and Warne were never alone in each other's company. Potter's letters reveal a friendship was developing between the author and her editor-publisher as they discussed possibilities for future tales (Squirrel Nutkin and Mr. Jeremy Fisher in particular) and the complexities of the printing process.
In 1903, Potter wrote to Warne that she was giving thought to a Peter Rabbit sequel to follow The Tailor of Gloucester and The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin but learned Norman had left London on a selling trip. She was disappointed when Harold Warne invited her to the offices to discuss her ideas. She abruptly declined his invitation and asked that her letters be forwarded to Norman. Harold Warne gently suggested she send the sequel for Norman Warne's review at his return. She did, and the tale was accepted for 1904 publication as The Tale of Benjamin Bunny. The Warnes wanted two books per annum from Potter, not only for commercial advantage but because she took an extraordinary amount of time to complete the illustrations. The second book for 1904 was yet to be determined when Potter left with her parents to summer at Fawe Park near Keswick. There she sketched backgrounds for Benjamin Bunny and returned to London in September. Norman left on another selling trip in November and Potter for a week's holiday in Hastings where she composed three tales. One was accepted as the companion piece to Benjamin Bunny and published as The Tale of Two Bad Mice.
The courtship between Potter and Warne was conducted through the medium of Two Bad Mice and the letters surrounding it. She had come to call him "Johnny Crow" in line with his nieces. Both took delight in developing the tale of the mice. Warne had a hand in the mechanics of the illustrations (supplying Potter with the dolls, the toy food, and the photographs of the dollhouse), but Potter's letters, though circumspect, reveal her increasingly intimate and loving relationship with him and her growing frustration with parents who dreaded bringing into the family a man they considered their social inferior and a man who would take their housekeeper, nurse, and general factotum away from them. She responded positively to Warne's growing appreciation of her professionalism and her artistry; they discussed the development of her works step-by-step and she realised his criticism and his advice always improved the product.
In July 1905, Potter was engaged in correcting proofs for The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle when Warne proposed marriage by letter on 25 July. Potter accepted the same day. A firestorm was unleashed in the Potter household: her parents vehemently objected to her union with a man they considered their social inferior, a tradesman without professional accomplishment. Potter regarded her parents objections as hypocritical and unreasonable because both sets of her grandparents had been tradesmen engaged in the cotton trade. At some point, Warne and Potter exchanged rings but Potter ceded to her parents' demands and did not make a public announcement. The engagement would be a family secret. Meanwhile, Warne returned from a sales trip to Manchester very ill, and was ordered to complete bed rest on 29 July. Potter last saw him on 22 July before leaving on 4 August for a sketching trip to Wales. Warne died in his bedroom in Bedford Square on 25 August of pernicious anemia brought on by lymphatic leukaemia, a disease difficult to diagnose at that time. He was 37. His burial was 29 August in Highgate Cemetery in London. Potter had been summoned to London on the 25th by the Warnes but did not arrive until the 27th. Her grief was immeasurable. In December she sent Warne's sister Millie a watercolour sketch of a barley field she had completed the evening before Warne's death: "I try to think of the golden sheaves, and harvest," she wrote, "he did not live long but fulfilled a useful happy life."
References
1868 births
1905 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Publishers (people) from London
Beatrix Potter
English editors
Deaths from pernicious anemia
19th-century male writers
19th-century English businesspeople |
is an area in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Built on a marshy area of foothills south of central Tokyo, its coverage roughly corresponds to that of the former Azabu Ward, presently consisting of nine official districts: Azabu-Jūban, Azabudai, Azabu-Nagasakachō, Azabu-Mamianachō, Minami-Azabu, Nishi-Azabu, Higashi-Azabu, Moto-Azabu and Roppongi. It is known as one of Tokyo's most expensive and upscale residential districts with many artists, business people, and celebrities residing there. It is also known for its large foreign population, due in part to a number of foreign embassies present in the area.
History
The name Azabu literally means hemp cloth. Until the early Edo period, the area was agricultural. Archaeological evidence indicates that the area was inhabited as far back as the Jōmon period. The Juban Inari shrine (formerly known as Takechiyo Inari) was constructed in AD 712, the temple of Zenpuku-ji in 824, and the Hikawa Shrine in 939 (on orders of Minamoto no Tsunemoto).
The area became urbanized in the 17th century, after Tokugawa Ieyasu established his seat of government in nearby Edo. Azabu soon became home to the Juban Horse Grounds, Edo's largest horse market. In 1859, the first United States delegation in Japan was established at Zenpuku-ji.
Azabu (including the adjacent district of Roppongi) was a ward of Tokyo from 1878 to 1947. During the industrialization of the Meiji era, Azabu was connected to Tokyo by horse-drawn trams. The lowlands became light commercial areas, while the hilltops became prime residential areas. Later, during the Taishō period, Azabu was overrun with theaters, department stores, and red-light districts, becoming one of Japan's best-known entertainment districts.
Much of Azabu was destroyed during the firebombing of Tokyo in 1945, although a special bunker created for the privileged classes that lived there saved many lives, including Yoko Ono's. Azabu's commercial areas were not revived after the war, and the area is mainly a residential district today. Following the merger of Azabu Ward into Minato Ward in 1947, the Azabu ward office located in Roppongi was converted into a branch office of the Minato ward government.
Notable residents
This is the district of Tokyo where manga artist Naoko Takeuchi resides, and the Azabu-Jūban area is the setting of her fictional Sailor Moon series. The internationally acclaimed vocalist Ayumi Hamasaki resides in a penthouse apartment in Minami-Azabu. Azabu is also the location of many international embassies and consulates, as well as a large foreign population. Azabu-Jūban, with its unique cobbled high-street, also hosts the popular annual Azabu-Jūban Matsuri, a food festival with a variety of local vendor stalls and carnival games which attract large crowds every summer.
Places in Azabu
Embassies of Afghanistan, Russia, China, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia, Taiwan, Norway, Philippines, Finland, South Korea, Iran, France and Greece.
Zenpuku-ji, a temple which housed the first legation of the United States in Japan during the 19th century.
Mindan, a major Korean ethnic organization in Japan.
Companies based in Azabu
Fujifilm, located in Nishi-Azabu
Subway stations
Akabanebashi Station (Toei Oedo Line)
Azabu-Jūban Station (Namboku Line, Toei Oedo Line)
Hiroo Station (Hibiya Line)
Education
Schools
The City of Minato (The Minato Ward) Board of Education operates local public elementary and junior high schools. Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education operates local public high schools.
Roppongi High School, a public school, located in Roppongi (former district in Azabu Ward).
Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin, a private girls school, located in Roppongi (former district in Azabu Ward).
Azabu Junior and Senior High School, a private boys school, located in Moto-Azabu.
Hiroo Gakuen Junior and Senior High School, a private school, located in Minami-Azabu.
Kōryō Junior High School, a public school, located in Nishi-Azabu.
Azabu Elementary School, a public school, located in Azabu-Dai.
Nanzan Elementary School, a public school, located in Moto-Azabu.
Kōgai Elementary School, a public school located in Nishi-Azabu, which has "Nihongo Gakkyu (Japanese language class)" for foreign students and returnee.
Higashimachi Elementary School, a public school, located in Azabu-Jūban.
Honmura Elementary School, a public school, located in Minami-Azabu.
Nishimachi International School, a private school located in Moto-Azabu.
Tokyo International School, a private school located in Minami-Azabu.
Chateau School, a private pre school, located in Nishi-Azabu.
Ohana International School in Tokyo, a small preschool, located in the centre of Azabu-Jūban.
The Montessori School of Tokyo, a private school, located in Minami-Azabu.
Public libraries
Tokyo Metropolitan Central Library, located in Arisugawa-no-miya-Kinen Kōen (Arisugawa-no-miya Memorial Park), Minami-Azabu.
The Azabu Library exists in Azabu-Juban.
See also
References
Geography of Minato, Tokyo |
The 1975 Gael Linn Cup, the most important representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was played at junior level only in the three years 1975-7. It was won by Munster, who defeated Ulster in the final.
Arrangements
Munster raced into a five-goal lead against Leinster, before Leinster hauled back 1–1 in the semi-final of the revamped Gael-Linn Cup at Gowran, County Kilkenny. Ulster defeated Connacht 3–1 to 1–5 in the second semi-final at Carrickmacross. Munster used nine Limerick players in their 5–1 to 2–0 victory over Ulster, one of the exceptions, Frances Barry-Murphy was a sister of Jimmy Barry Murphy
Final stages
|}
References
External links
Camogie Association
1975 in camogie
1975
Cam |
Connor James McGovern (born November 3, 1997) is an American football guard for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round of the 2019 NFL Draft. He played college football at Penn State.
Early years
McGovern attended Lake-Lehman High School. He received Wyoming Valley Football Conference first-team All-League honors in 2013, 2014 and 2015. He was named the Wyoming Valley Football Conference Most Valuable Player and first-team All-state as a senior.
Also practiced basketball and track. He received All-conference honors in basketball as a junior. He was the District 2 shot put champion as a senior in 2015. He also set school strength records in bench press, power clean, squat and deadlift.
College career
McGovern accepted a football scholarship from Penn State University. As a true freshman, he started nine out of 13 games playing at right guard. He was named the Big Ten Freshman of the week during week 10 of his freshman season, and became the first offensive lineman to receive the honor. He also became the third Big Ten offensive lineman to receive any player of the week award since Penn State joined the conference, after Korey Stringer of Ohio State and Sean Poole of Michigan State.
As a sophomore, McGovern was moved from guard to the center position, starting all 13 games. As a junior, he started 12 games at right guard and one at center.
On January 2, 2019, McGovern announced that he would forgo his final year of eligibility and declare for the 2019 NFL Draft.
Professional career
Dallas Cowboys
McGovern was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round (90th overall) of the 2019 NFL Draft. He missed all of the preseason with a torn pectoral muscle. He was placed on the injured reserve list on September 1.
In 2020, he began the season as a backup guard behind Zack Martin and Connor Williams. In the sixth game against the Arizona Cardinals, Martin left the game with a concussion after a handful of snaps, and McGovern replaced him at right offensive guard. He would make his first career start in the next game against the Washington Football Team, while Martin recovered. Martin was later moved to right tackle in the tenth game against the Minnesota Vikings to help stabilize the offensive line performance, and McGovern was named the starter at right guard. He would remain in that role for the rest of the season, after Martin suffered a calf injury in the eleventh game against the Washington Football Team. He got his first start at fullback in the regular-season finale against the Philadelphia Eagles, he also played some snaps at guard and on special teams.
In 2021, he started the season opener against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers at right guard in place of Martin, who was placed on the Reserve/COVID-19 list. To get him more involved on game day, although he is a natural guard, he lined up as a fullback and blocking tight end under certain packages from offensive coordinator Kellen Moore. In Week 11 against the Kansas City Chiefs, he was named the starting left guard over Connor Williams, who at the time was leading the league in penalties. He struggled in that game against defensive tackle Chris Jones, who registered 3.5 sacks. Williams regained his starting position in Week 15 against the New York Giants. In the five games that McGovern started at guard (four at left guard and one at right guard), the Cowboys had a 2-3 record.
In 2022, he split time with rookie Tyler Smith, working at left guard with the first-team offense in organized team activities and training camp. He started at center in the third preseason game against the Seattle Seahawks. He was named the starter at left guard for the season opener, after left tackle Tyron Smith was placed on the injured reserve list and the offensive line had to adjust to the loss. He suffered a high ankle sprain seven plays into the game and was replaced with Matt Farniok. He missed the following two games with the injury. In Week 17 against the Tennessee Titans, he started at center in the absence of Tyler Biadasz. He started 15 games, mostly at left guard, while surrendering just two sacks and one penalty.
Buffalo Bills
On March 16, 2023, McGovern signed a three-year contract with the Buffalo Bills.
References
External links
Penn State Nittany Lions bio
1997 births
Living people
People from Larksville, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
American football centers
American football offensive guards
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Buffalo Bills players |
Stenalia flaviventris is a beetle in the genus Stenalia of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1952 by Ermisch.
References
flaviventris
Beetles described in 1952 |
List of hoards may refer to:
List of hoards in Britain
List of Bronze Age hoards in Britain
List of Iron Age hoards in Britain
List of Roman hoards in Britain
List of hoards in Ireland
List of hoards in the Channel Islands
List of hoards in Romania
List of hoards in Asia
List of hoards in North America |
```html
<case value="icon">
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<label class="left control-label">
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<?php endif; ?>
<span>{$[type]form.title}</span>
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<div class="right">
<div class="input-group input" id="[type]{$group_k|default=''}_icon_{$[type]k}">
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</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function(){
$("#[type]{$group_k|default=''}_icon_{$[type]k}").iconpicker({
icons: 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hevron-left","name":"chevron-left","selector":"fa-chevron-left"},{"filter":"chevron-right","name":"chevron-right","selector":"fa-chevron-right"},{"filter":"plus-circle","name":"plus-circle","selector":"fa-plus-circle"},{"filter":"minus-circle","name":"minus-circle","selector":"fa-minus-circle"},{"filter":"times-circle","name":"times-circle","selector":"fa-times-circle"},{"filter":"check-circle","name":"check-circle","selector":"fa-check-circle"},{"filter":"question-circle","name":"question-circle","selector":"fa-question-circle"},{"filter":"info-circle","name":"info-circle","selector":"fa-info-circle"},{"filter":"crosshairs","name":"crosshairs","selector":"fa-crosshairs"},{"filter":"times-circle-o","name":"times-circle-o","selector":"fa-times-circle-o"},{"filter":"check-circle-o","name":"check-circle-o","selector":"fa-check-circle-o"},{"filter":"ban","name":"ban","selector":"fa-ban"},{"filter":"arrow-left","name":"arrow-left","selector":"fa-arrow-left"},{"filter":"arrow-right","name":"arrow-right","selector":"fa-arrow-right"},{"filter":"arrow-up","name":"arrow-up","selector":"fa-arrow-up"},{"filter":"arrow-down","name":"arrow-down","selector":"fa-arrow-down"},{"filter":"share","name":"share","selector":"fa-share"},{"filter":"expand","name":"expand","selector":"fa-expand"},{"filter":"compress","name":"compress","selector":"fa-compress"},{"filter":"plus","name":"plus","selector":"fa-plus"},{"filter":"minus","name":"minus","selector":"fa-minus"},{"filter":"asterisk","name":"asterisk","selector":"fa-asterisk"},{"filter":"exclamation-circle","name":"exclamation-circle","selector":"fa-exclamation-circle"},{"filter":"gift","name":"gift","selector":"fa-gift"},{"filter":"leaf","name":"leaf","selector":"fa-leaf"},{"filter":"fire","name":"fire","selector":"fa-fire"},{"filter":"eye","name":"eye","selector":"fa-eye"},{"filter":"eye-slash","name":"eye-slash","selector":"fa-eye-slash"},{"filter":"exclamation-triangle","name":"exclamation-triangle","selector":"fa-exclamation-triangle"},{"filter":"plane","name":"plane","selector":"fa-plane"},{"filter":"calendar","name":"calendar","selector":"fa-calendar"},{"filter":"random","name":"random","selector":"fa-random"},{"filter":"comment","name":"comment","selector":"fa-comment"},{"filter":"magnet","name":"magnet","selector":"fa-magnet"},{"filter":"chevron-up","name":"chevron-up","selector":"fa-chevron-up"},{"filter":"chevron-down","name":"chevron-down","selector":"fa-chevron-down"},{"filter":"retweet","name":"retweet","selector":"fa-retweet"},{"filter":"shopping-cart","name":"shopping-cart","selector":"fa-shopping-cart"},{"filter":"folder","name":"folder","selector":"fa-folder"},{"filter":"folder-open","name":"folder-open","selector":"fa-folder-open"},{"filter":"arrows-v","name":"arrows-v","selector":"fa-arrows-v"},{"filter":"arrows-h","name":"arrows-h","selector":"fa-arrows-h"},{"filter":"bar-chart-o","name":"bar-chart-o","selector":"fa-bar-chart-o"},{"filter":"twitter-square","name":"twitter-square","selector":"fa-twitter-square"},{"filter":"facebook-square","name":"facebook-square","selector":"fa-facebook-square"},{"filter":"camera-retro","name":"camera-retro","selector":"fa-camera-retro"},{"filter":"key","name":"key","selector":"fa-key"},{"filter":"cogs","name":"cogs","selector":"fa-cogs"},{"filter":"comments","name":"comments","selector":"fa-comments"},{"filter":"thumbs-o-up","name":"thumbs-o-up","selector":"fa-thumbs-o-up"},{"filter":"thumbs-o-down","name":"thumbs-o-down","selector":"fa-thumbs-o-down"},{"filter":"star-half","name":"star-half","selector":"fa-star-half"},{"filter":"heart-o","name":"heart-o","selector":"fa-heart-o"},{"filter":"sign-out","name":"sign-out","selector":"fa-sign-out"},{"filter":"linkedin-square","name":"linkedin-square","selector":"fa-linkedin-square"},{"filter":"thumb-tack","name":"thumb-tack","selector":"fa-thumb-tack"},{"filter":"external-link","name":"external-link","selector":"fa-external-link"},{"filter":"sign-in","name":"sign-in","selector":"fa-sign-in"},{"filter":"trophy","name":"trophy","selector":"fa-trophy"},{"filter":"github-square","name":"github-square","selector":"fa-github-square"},{"filter":"upload","name":"upload","selector":"fa-upload"},{"filter":"lemon-o","name":"lemon-o","selector":"fa-lemon-o"},{"filter":"phone","name":"phone","selector":"fa-phone"},{"filter":"square-o","name":"square-o","selector":"fa-square-o"},{"filter":"bookmark-o","name":"bookmark-o","selector":"fa-bookmark-o"},{"filter":"phone-square","name":"phone-square","selector":"fa-phone-square"},{"filter":"twitter","name":"twitter","selector":"fa-twitter"},{"filter":"facebook","name":"facebook","selector":"fa-facebook"},{"filter":"github","name":"github","selector":"fa-github"},{"filter":"unlock","name":"unlock","selector":"fa-unlock"},{"filter":"credit-card","name":"credit-card","selector":"fa-credit-card"},{"filter":"rss","name":"rss","selector":"fa-rss"},{"filter":"hdd-o","name":"hdd-o","selector":"fa-hdd-o"},{"filter":"bullhorn","name":"bullhorn","selector":"fa-bullhorn"},{"filter":"bell","name":"bell","selector":"fa-bell"},{"filter":"certificate","name":"certificate","selector":"fa-certificate"},{"filter":"hand-o-right","name":"hand-o-right","selector":"fa-hand-o-right"},{"filter":"hand-o-left","name":"hand-o-left","selector":"fa-hand-o-left"},{"filter":"hand-o-up","name":"hand-o-up","selector":"fa-hand-o-up"},{"filter":"hand-o-down","name":"hand-o-down","selector":"fa-hand-o-down"},{"filter":"arrow-circle-left","name":"arrow-circle-left","selector":"fa-arrow-circle-left"},{"filter":"arrow-circle-right","name":"arrow-circle-right","selector":"fa-arrow-circle-right"},{"filter":"arrow-circle-up","name":"arrow-circle-up","selector":"fa-arrow-circle-up"},{"filter":"arrow-circle-down","name":"arrow-circle-down","selector":"fa-arrow-circle-down"},{"filter":"globe","name":"globe","selector":"fa-globe"},{"filter":"wrench","name":"wrench","selector":"fa-wrench"},{"filter":"tasks","name":"tasks","selector":"fa-tasks"},{"filter":"filter","name":"filter","selector":"fa-filter"},{"filter":"briefcase","name":"briefcase","selector":"fa-briefcase"},{"filter":"arrows-alt","name":"arrows-alt","selector":"fa-arrows-alt"},{"filter":"users","name":"users","selector":"fa-users"},{"filter":"link","name":"link","selector":"fa-link"},{"filter":"cloud","name":"cloud","selector":"fa-cloud"},{"filter":"flask","name":"flask","selector":"fa-flask"},{"filter":"scissors","name":"scissors","selector":"fa-scissors"},{"filter":"files-o","name":"files-o","selector":"fa-files-o"},{"filter":"paperclip","name":"paperclip","selector":"fa-paperclip"},{"filter":"floppy-o","name":"floppy-o","selector":"fa-floppy-o"},{"filter":"square","name":"square","selector":"fa-square"},{"filter":"bars","name":"bars","selector":"fa-bars"},{"filter":"list-ul","name":"list-ul","selector":"fa-list-ul"},{"filter":"list-ol","name":"list-ol","selector":"fa-list-ol"},{"filter":"strikethrough","name":"strikethrough","selector":"fa-strikethrough"},{"filter":"underline","name":"underline","selector":"fa-underline"},{"filter":"table","name":"table","selector":"fa-table"},{"filter":"magic","name":"magic","selector":"fa-magic"},{"filter":"truck","name":"truck","selector":"fa-truck"},{"filter":"pinterest","name":"pinterest","selector":"fa-pinterest"},{"filter":"pinterest-square","name":"pinterest-square","selector":"fa-pinterest-square"},{"filter":"google-plus-square","name":"google-plus-square","selector":"fa-google-plus-square"},{"filter":"google-plus","name":"google-plus","selector":"fa-google-plus"},{"filter":"money","name":"money","selector":"fa-money"},{"filter":"caret-down","name":"caret-down","selector":"fa-caret-down"},{"filter":"caret-up","name":"caret-up","selector":"fa-caret-up"},{"filter":"caret-left","name":"caret-left","selector":"fa-caret-left"},{"filter":"caret-right","name":"caret-right","selector":"fa-caret-right"},{"filter":"columns","name":"columns","selector":"fa-columns"},{"filter":"sort","name":"sort","selector":"fa-sort"},{"filter":"sort-asc","name":"sort-asc","selector":"fa-sort-asc"},{"filter":"sort-desc","name":"sort-desc","selector":"fa-sort-desc"},{"filter":"envelope","name":"envelope","selector":"fa-envelope"},{"filter":"linkedin","name":"linkedin","selector":"fa-linkedin"},{"filter":"undo","name":"undo","selector":"fa-undo"},{"filter":"gavel","name":"gavel","selector":"fa-gavel"},{"filter":"tachometer","name":"tachometer","selector":"fa-tachometer"},{"filter":"comment-o","name":"comment-o","selector":"fa-comment-o"},{"filter":"comments-o","name":"comments-o","selector":"fa-comments-o"},{"filter":"bolt","name":"bolt","selector":"fa-bolt"},{"filter":"sitemap","name":"sitemap","selector":"fa-sitemap"},{"filter":"umbrella","name":"umbrella","selector":"fa-umbrella"},{"filter":"clipboard","name":"clipboard","selector":"fa-clipboard"},{"filter":"lightbulb-o","name":"lightbulb-o","selector":"fa-lightbulb-o"},{"filter":"exchange","name":"exchange","selector":"fa-exchange"},{"filter":"cloud-download","name":"cloud-download","selector":"fa-cloud-download"},{"filter":"cloud-upload","name":"cloud-upload","selector":"fa-cloud-upload"},{"filter":"user-md","name":"user-md","selector":"fa-user-md"},{"filter":"stethoscope","name":"stethoscope","selector":"fa-stethoscope"},{"filter":"suitcase","name":"suitcase","selector":"fa-suitcase"},{"filter":"bell-o","name":"bell-o","selector":"fa-bell-o"},{"filter":"coffee","name":"coffee","selector":"fa-coffee"},{"filter":"cutlery","name":"cutlery","selector":"fa-cutlery"},{"filter":"file-text-o","name":"file-text-o","selector":"fa-file-text-o"},{"filter":"building-o","name":"building-o","selector":"fa-building-o"},{"filter":"hospital-o","name":"hospital-o","selector":"fa-hospital-o"},{"filter":"ambulance","name":"ambulance","selector":"fa-ambulance"},{"filter":"medkit","name":"medkit","selector":"fa-medkit"},{"filter":"fighter-jet","name":"fighter-jet","selector":"fa-fighter-jet"},{"filter":"beer","name":"beer","selector":"fa-beer"},{"filter":"h-square","name":"h-square","selector":"fa-h-square"},{"filter":"plus-square","name":"plus-square","selector":"fa-plus-square"},{"filter":"angle-double-left","name":"angle-double-left","selector":"fa-angle-double-left"},{"filter":"angle-double-right","name":"angle-double-right","selector":"fa-angle-double-right"},{"filter":"angle-double-up","name":"angle-double-up","selector":"fa-angle-double-up"},{"filter":"angle-double-down","name":"angle-double-down","selector":"fa-angle-double-down"},{"filter":"angle-left","name":"angle-left","selector":"fa-angle-left"},{"filter":"angle-right","name":"angle-right","selector":"fa-angle-right"},{"filter":"angle-up","name":"angle-up","selector":"fa-angle-up"},{"filter":"angle-down","name":"angle-down","selector":"fa-angle-down"},{"filter":"desktop","name":"desktop","selector":"fa-desktop"},{"filter":"laptop","name":"laptop","selector":"fa-laptop"},{"filter":"tablet","name":"tablet","selector":"fa-tablet"},{"filter":"mobile","name":"mobile","selector":"fa-mobile"},{"filter":"circle-o","name":"circle-o","selector":"fa-circle-o"},{"filter":"quote-left","name":"quote-left","selector":"fa-quote-left"},{"filter":"quote-right","name":"quote-right","selector":"fa-quote-right"},{"filter":"spinner","name":"spinner","selector":"fa-spinner"},{"filter":"circle","name":"circle","selector":"fa-circle"},{"filter":"reply","name":"reply","selector":"fa-reply"},{"filter":"github-alt","name":"github-alt","selector":"fa-github-alt"},{"filter":"folder-o","name":"folder-o","selector":"fa-folder-o"},{"filter":"folder-open-o","name":"folder-open-o","selector":"fa-folder-open-o"},{"filter":"smile-o","name":"smile-o","selector":"fa-smile-o"},{"filter":"frown-o","name":"frown-o","selector":"fa-frown-o"},{"filter":"meh-o","name":"meh-o","selector":"fa-meh-o"},{"filter":"gamepad","name":"gamepad","selector":"fa-gamepad"},{"filter":"keyboard-o","name":"keyboard-o","selector":"fa-keyboard-o"},{"filter":"flag-o","name":"flag-o","selector":"fa-flag-o"},{"filter":"flag-checkered","name":"flag-checkered","selector":"fa-flag-checkered"},{"filter":"terminal","name":"terminal","selector":"fa-terminal"},{"filter":"code","name":"code","selector":"fa-code"},{"filter":"reply-all","name":"reply-all","selector":"fa-reply-all"},{"filter":"mail-reply-all","name":"mail-reply-all","selector":"fa-mail-reply-all"},{"filter":"star-half-o","name":"star-half-o","selector":"fa-star-half-o"},{"filter":"location-arrow","name":"location-arrow","selector":"fa-location-arrow"},{"filter":"crop","name":"crop","selector":"fa-crop"},{"filter":"code-fork","name":"code-fork","selector":"fa-code-fork"},{"filter":"chain-broken","name":"chain-broken","selector":"fa-chain-broken"},{"filter":"question","name":"question","selector":"fa-question"},{"filter":"info","name":"info","selector":"fa-info"},{"filter":"exclamation","name":"exclamation","selector":"fa-exclamation"},{"filter":"superscript","name":"superscript","selector":"fa-superscript"},{"filter":"subscript","name":"subscript","selector":"fa-subscript"},{"filter":"eraser","name":"eraser","selector":"fa-eraser"},{"filter":"puzzle-piece","name":"puzzle-piece","selector":"fa-puzzle-piece"},{"filter":"microphone","name":"microphone","selector":"fa-microphone"},{"filter":"microphone-slash","name":"microphone-slash","selector":"fa-microphone-slash"},{"filter":"shield","name":"shield","selector":"fa-shield"},{"filter":"calendar-o","name":"calendar-o","selector":"fa-calendar-o"},{"filter":"fire-extinguisher","name":"fire-extinguisher","selector":"fa-fire-extinguisher"},{"filter":"rocket","name":"rocket","selector":"fa-rocket"},{"filter":"maxcdn","name":"maxcdn","selector":"fa-maxcdn"},{"filter":"chevron-circle-left","name":"chevron-circle-left","selector":"fa-chevron-circle-left"},{"filter":"chevron-circle-right","name":"chevron-circle-right","selector":"fa-chevron-circle-right"},{"filter":"chevron-circle-up","name":"chevron-circle-up","selector":"fa-chevron-circle-up"},{"filter":"chevron-circle-down","name":"chevron-circle-down","selector":"fa-chevron-circle-down"},{"filter":"html5","name":"html5","selector":"fa-html5"},{"filter":"css3","name":"css3","selector":"fa-css3"},{"filter":"anchor","name":"anchor","selector":"fa-anchor"},{"filter":"unlock-alt","name":"unlock-alt","selector":"fa-unlock-alt"},{"filter":"bullseye","name":"bullseye","selector":"fa-bullseye"},{"filter":"ellipsis-h","name":"ellipsis-h","selector":"fa-ellipsis-h"},{"filter":"ellipsis-v","name":"ellipsis-v","selector":"fa-ellipsis-v"},{"filter":"rss-square","name":"rss-square","selector":"fa-rss-square"},{"filter":"play-circle","name":"play-circle","selector":"fa-play-circle"},{"filter":"ticket","name":"ticket","selector":"fa-ticket"},{"filter":"minus-square","name":"minus-square","selector":"fa-minus-square"},{"filter":"minus-square-o","name":"minus-square-o","selector":"fa-minus-square-o"},{"filter":"level-up","name":"level-up","selector":"fa-level-up"},{"filter":"level-down","name":"level-down","selector":"fa-level-down"},{"filter":"check-square","name":"check-square","selector":"fa-check-square"},{"filter":"pencil-square","name":"pencil-square","selector":"fa-pencil-square"},{"filter":"external-link-square","name":"external-link-square","selector":"fa-external-link-square"},{"filter":"share-square","name":"share-square","selector":"fa-share-square"},{"filter":"compass","name":"compass","selector":"fa-compass"},{"filter":"caret-square-o-down","name":"caret-square-o-down","selector":"fa-caret-square-o-down"},{"filter":"caret-square-o-up","name":"caret-square-o-up","selector":"fa-caret-square-o-up"},{"filter":"caret-square-o-right","name":"caret-square-o-right","selector":"fa-caret-square-o-right"},{"filter":"eur","name":"eur","selector":"fa-eur"},{"filter":"gbp","name":"gbp","selector":"fa-gbp"},{"filter":"usd","name":"usd","selector":"fa-usd"},{"filter":"inr","name":"inr","selector":"fa-inr"},{"filter":"jpy","name":"jpy","selector":"fa-jpy"},{"filter":"rub","name":"rub","selector":"fa-rub"},{"filter":"krw","name":"krw","selector":"fa-krw"},{"filter":"btc","name":"btc","selector":"fa-btc"},{"filter":"file","name":"file","selector":"fa-file"},{"filter":"file-text","name":"file-text","selector":"fa-file-text"},{"filter":"sort-alpha-asc","name":"sort-alpha-asc","selector":"fa-sort-alpha-asc"},{"filter":"sort-alpha-desc","name":"sort-alpha-desc","selector":"fa-sort-alpha-desc"},{"filter":"sort-amount-asc","name":"sort-amount-asc","selector":"fa-sort-amount-asc"},{"filter":"sort-amount-desc","name":"sort-amount-desc","selector":"fa-sort-amount-desc"},{"filter":"sort-numeric-asc","name":"sort-numeric-asc","selector":"fa-sort-numeric-asc"},{"filter":"sort-numeric-desc","name":"sort-numeric-desc","selector":"fa-sort-numeric-desc"},{"filter":"thumbs-up","name":"thumbs-up","selector":"fa-thumbs-up"},{"filter":"thumbs-down","name":"thumbs-down","selector":"fa-thumbs-down"},{"filter":"youtube-square","name":"youtube-square","selector":"fa-youtube-square"},{"filter":"youtube","name":"youtube","selector":"fa-youtube"},{"filter":"xing","name":"xing","selector":"fa-xing"},{"filter":"xing-square","name":"xing-square","selector":"fa-xing-square"},{"filter":"youtube-play","name":"youtube-play","selector":"fa-youtube-play"},{"filter":"dropbox","name":"dropbox","selector":"fa-dropbox"},{"filter":"stack-overflow","name":"stack-overflow","selector":"fa-stack-overflow"},{"filter":"instagram","name":"instagram","selector":"fa-instagram"},{"filter":"flickr","name":"flickr","selector":"fa-flickr"},{"filter":"adn","name":"adn","selector":"fa-adn"},{"filter":"bitbucket","name":"bitbucket","selector":"fa-bitbucket"},{"filter":"bitbucket-square","name":"bitbucket-square","selector":"fa-bitbucket-square"},{"filter":"tumblr","name":"tumblr","selector":"fa-tumblr"},{"filter":"tumblr-square","name":"tumblr-square","selector":"fa-tumblr-square"},{"filter":"long-arrow-down","name":"long-arrow-down","selector":"fa-long-arrow-down"},{"filter":"long-arrow-up","name":"long-arrow-up","selector":"fa-long-arrow-up"},{"filter":"long-arrow-left","name":"long-arrow-left","selector":"fa-long-arrow-left"},{"filter":"long-arrow-right","name":"long-arrow-right","selector":"fa-long-arrow-right"},{"filter":"apple","name":"apple","selector":"fa-apple"},{"filter":"windows","name":"windows","selector":"fa-windows"},{"filter":"android","name":"android","selector":"fa-android"},{"filter":"linux","name":"linux","selector":"fa-linux"},{"filter":"dribbble","name":"dribbble","selector":"fa-dribbble"},{"filter":"skype","name":"skype","selector":"fa-skype"},{"filter":"foursquare","name":"foursquare","selector":"fa-foursquare"},{"filter":"trello","name":"trello","selector":"fa-trello"},{"filter":"female","name":"female","selector":"fa-female"},{"filter":"male","name":"male","selector":"fa-male"},{"filter":"gittip","name":"gittip","selector":"fa-gittip"},{"filter":"sun-o","name":"sun-o","selector":"fa-sun-o"},{"filter":"moon-o","name":"moon-o","selector":"fa-moon-o"},{"filter":"archive","name":"archive","selector":"fa-archive"},{"filter":"bug","name":"bug","selector":"fa-bug"},{"filter":"vk","name":"vk","selector":"fa-vk"},{"filter":"weibo","name":"weibo","selector":"fa-weibo"},{"filter":"renren","name":"renren","selector":"fa-renren"},{"filter":"pagelines","name":"pagelines","selector":"fa-pagelines"},{"filter":"stack-exchange","name":"stack-exchange","selector":"fa-stack-exchange"},{"filter":"arrow-circle-o-right","name":"arrow-circle-o-right","selector":"fa-arrow-circle-o-right"},{"filter":"arrow-circle-o-left","name":"arrow-circle-o-left","selector":"fa-arrow-circle-o-left"},{"filter":"caret-square-o-left","name":"caret-square-o-left","selector":"fa-caret-square-o-left"},{"filter":"dot-circle-o","name":"dot-circle-o","selector":"fa-dot-circle-o"},{"filter":"wheelchair","name":"wheelchair","selector":"fa-wheelchair"},{"filter":"vimeo-square","name":"vimeo-square","selector":"fa-vimeo-square"},{"filter":"try","name":"try","selector":"fa-try"},{"filter":"plus-square-o","name":"plus-square-o","selector":"fa-plus-square-o"}]'
});
});
</script>
</div>
</div>
</case>
``` |
```java
package pcal.exception;
import pcal.AST;
/**
* @author Simon Zambrovski
* @version $Id$
*/
public class PcalTLAGenException extends UnrecoverablePositionedException
{
/**
* @param message
*/
public PcalTLAGenException(String message)
{
super(message);
}
/**
* @param message
* @param elementAt2
*/
public PcalTLAGenException(String message, AST elementAt2)
{
super(message, elementAt2);
}
}
``` |
In rhetoric, litotes (, ), also known classically as antenantiosis or moderatour, is a figure of speech and form of verbal irony in which understatement is used to emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect. Litotes is a form of understatement, which can be in the form of meiosis, and is always deliberate with the intention of emphasis. However, the interpretation of negation may depend on context, including cultural context. In speech, litotes may also depend on intonation and emphasis; for example, the phrase "not bad" can be intonated differently so as to mean either "mediocre" or "excellent". Along the same lines, litotes can be used (as a form of auxesis), to euphemistically provide emphasis by diminishing the harshness of an observation; "He isn't the cleanest person I know" could be used as a means of indicating that someone is a messy person.
The use of litotes is common in English, Russian, German, Yiddish, Dutch, Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Ukrainian, Polish, Mandarin, French, Czech and Slovak, and is also prevalent in a number of other languages and dialects. It is a feature of Old English poetry and of the Icelandic sagas and is a means of much stoical restraint.
The word litotes is of Greek origin (), meaning 'simplicity', and is derived from the word , , meaning 'plain, simple, small or meager'.
Classical litotes
The first known mention of litotes is in a letter from Cicero in 55 BC (De Oratore). Cicero uses the word to mean simplicity (or frugality) of life. Over time, however, the meaning and the function of the word changed from 'simple' to the idea of understatement that involves double negatives, a way to state things simply.
Old Norse had several types of litotes. These points are denied negatives ("She's not a terrible wife" meaning "she's a good wife"), denied positives ("He's not a great learner" meaning 'he has difficulty learning'), creating litotes without negating anything, and creating litotes using a negative adjective ("Days spent in his home left him unenthused" meaning 'he preferred to be out and about').
Litotes and ethos
Litotes can be used to establish ethos, or credibility, by expressing modesty or downplaying one's accomplishments to gain the audience's favor. In the book Rhetorica ad Herennium, litotes is addressed as a member of the Figures of Thought known as deminutio, or understatement. It is listed in conjunction with antenantiosis and meiosis, two other forms of rhetorical deminutio. For example, a very accomplished artist might say "I'm not a bad painter", and by refraining from bragging but still acknowledging his skill, the artist is seen as talented, modest, and credible.
Examples
Other languages
Classical Greek
In Classical Greek, instances of litotes can be found as far back as Homer. In Book 24 of the Iliad, Zeus describes Achilles as follows: "" (line 186), 'he is neither unthinking, nor unseeing', meaning that he is both wise and prudent.
French
In French, (not bad) is used similarly to the English, while ('he is not disagreeable') is another example, actually meaning ('he is nice'), though the speaker is reluctant to admit it. Another typical example is ('It's not stupid'), generally said to admit a clever suggestion without showing oneself as too enthusiastic. (As with all litotes, this phrase can also be used with its literal meaning that the thing is not stupid but rather may be clever or occupy the middle ground between stupid and clever.)
One of the most famous litotes of French literature is in Pierre Corneille's (1636). The heroine, Chimène, says to her lover Rodrigue, who just killed her father: ('Go, I hate you not'), meaning 'I love you'.
Chinese
In Chinese, the phrase (Pinyin: , traditional characters , literally 'not wrong') is often used to present something as very good or correct. In this way, it is distinct in meaning from the English 'not bad' (though not 'not bad at all') or the general use of the French . Also, the phrase (pinyin , traditional characters , literally 'not simple') is used to refer to an impressive feat.
Danish
In Danish, understatements using litotes are seen as characteristic of the Jutlandic dialect. A stereotypical example is the phrase ('it is not even so bad'), which is used to mean 'that's great'.
Dutch and German
Similarly, in Dutch, the phrase (also literally meaning 'not bad') is often used to present something as very good or correct, as is German .
Italian
In Italian, (literally 'less bad') is similar to the English expression, 'So much the better' – used to comment that a situation is more desirable than its negative (cf. Winston Churchill's comment, since transformed into a snowclone, that "democracy is the worst form of government except for all the others").
Latin
In Latin, an example of litotes can be found in Ovid's Metamorphoses: (bk. 1 ln. 692, 'not one occasion'), meaning 'on more than one occasion'. Some common words are derived from litotes: from ('not none') is understood to mean 'several', while from ('not never') is used for 'sometimes'.
Russian
Perhaps the most common litote in Russian is ('not bad'). Somewhat unusually, it is permissible to say something is ('very not bad') to signify that it is, in fact, very good. An example of litotes can be found in the Nikolai Gogol's The Government Inspector, in which the Mayor says: "There's no such thing as a man with no sins on his conscience", meaning 'All men have sins on their conscience' (Act 1, Scene 1). In this case, it is used to downplay the Mayor's statement – a euphemism of sorts – making it less harsh than its understood meaning.
Spanish
In Spanish, it is usual to say ('It's not at all foolish'), as a form of compliment (i.e., to say something was smart or clever). Another common Spanish phrase is (cf. Italian above), meaning literally 'less bad', but used in the same way as the English phrases "Thank goodness!" or "It's just as well".
Swedish
In Swedish, it is quite common to use litotes. For example, when one chances to meet someone after a long time it is usual to say: ('It wasn't yesterday').
Turkish
In Turkish, it is quite common to say ('Not bad at all!') as a form of compliment.
Welsh
In Welsh, ('To be disappointed on the best side') means 'to be pleasantly surprised'.
See also
Antiphrasis
Hyperbole
Notes
References
External links
Biblical Litotes
Definition and examples
Figures of speech |
```cmake
# Check if the platform supports setting thread affinity
# (important for hitting full NIC entitlement on NUMA architectures)
function(aws_set_thread_affinity_method target)
# This code has been cut, because I don't care about it.
target_compile_definitions(${target} PRIVATE -DAWS_AFFINITY_METHOD=AWS_AFFINITY_METHOD_NONE)
endfunction()
``` |
Bill Kenney is an American football coach currently serving as the offensive line coach at Western Michigan University. Prior to working at Western Michigan, Kenney coached for over two decades under Joe Paterno for the Penn State Nittany Lions and was a graduate assistant for the Nebraska Cornhuskers. He played collegiate football at Norwich University.
Playing career
Kenney attended Norwich University, where he played football as a tight end and fullback. At Norwich, he was a three-year starter and, during his senior season in 1981, was the co-captain of the squad.
Coaching career
The year after his playing career ended, he remained at his alma mater and served as the offensive backfield coach in 1982. For the next three years, he served as an assistant coach at two high schools: Dennis-Yarmouth Regional High School and Lincoln High School. He then moved back to the college level where, from 1986 to 1987 he served as a graduate assistant at the University of Nebraska. In 1988, he went to Penn State, where he would work for the next 23 years, as a graduate assistant. While at Penn State, he served in a variety of positions including offensive line coach, recruiting coordinator, and offensive tackles/tight ends coach. When new coach Bill O'Brien was hired in 2012, Kenney was not retained. After not coaching during the 2012 season, he was hired on February 26, 2013, to serve as the offensive line coach at Western Michigan. During his coaching career, Kenney has coached 8 All-Big Ten honorees, 6 All-Americans, 10 Academic All-Americans and 47 Academic All-Big Ten honorees.
Personal
Kenney is a native of Randolph, Massachusetts. He is married to Kathryn, with whom he has had three children.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century births
Living people
People from Randolph, Massachusetts
Players of American football from Norfolk County, Massachusetts
American football fullbacks
American football tight ends
Norwich Cadets football players
Coaches of American football from Massachusetts
Norwich Cadets football coaches
High school football coaches in Massachusetts
High school football coaches in Nebraska
Nebraska Cornhuskers football coaches
Penn State Nittany Lions football coaches
Western Michigan Broncos football coaches |
Siccaridge Wood () is a nature reserve in Gloucestershire. The site is listed in the ‘Stroud District’ Local Plan, adopted November 2005, Appendix 6 (online for download) as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).
The site is managed by the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust under leasing arrangements with the Bathurst Estate since 1986. Sponsorship was provided by the then Nature Conservancy Council. Prior to that time the wood was leased to the Forestry Commission.
Location and habitat
The wood is in the Frome Valley and is about half a mile west of Sapperton. It is on a spur of Oolitic limestone and is between the Frome and Holy Brook. It is adjacent to the Sapperton Valley nature reserve and the Daneway Banks Site of Special Scientific Interest nature reserve. This is a high ridge of woodland which has north and south facing slopes. The soil at the bottom is deeper and richer than that at the top which is thin Rendzina soil.
This is semi-natural ancient woodland, which has been managed as coppice for hundreds of years (coppice with standards management). Historically it has been a 'working wood' for timber production, either from mature trees (for ship building for example), or from coppice (for hurdle making and other uses). Some mature trees were removed from the site during the Second World War. Conifer and beech were planted in the 1950s as part of the then management plans, alongside the regeneration of other species following coppicing.
Historical records have been traced to the mid 16th century (1576). At that time it was called Sickeridge Coppice and it belonged to the lord of the manor (being Bisley). The name Siccaridge comes from the old English which means 'secure, safe ridge'. The Bathhurst Estate acquired the wood in 1861. Records also indicate that there were three cottages at the edge of the wood which were probably woodmans' dwellings. Building evidence has long since disappeared.
It is sited next to the Thames and Severn Canal and access to the reserve is either from the canal towpath or from the road to Daneway and Tunley. The reserve has many footpaths through it and the central open ride is called Morley Ride (after a former chairman of the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust). This is a woodland of ancient growth, coppice areas and open glades, with a typical woodland ground flora including uncommon species. It is rich is bird life, invertebrates and small mammals.
Trees and shrubs
Regenerating tree species from coppicing include ash, silver birch and beech, along with old pedunculate oak. There is a shrub layer which includes hazel, spindle, wild privet, guelder-rose and the wayfaring-tree. Some of the hazel stools are large.
Plants
The reserve is noted for its flowering of lily-of-the-valley on the slopes of the ridge. Uncommon species include angular Solomon's-seal, herb paris and bird's-nest orchid. There are large areas of bluebell, wood anemone, dog violet, primrose, yellow archangel, ramsons, sanicle and early purple orchid.
Bird life and mammals
Recorded for the reserve are whitethroat, nightingale, turtle dove, coal tit, goldcrest and song thrush.
The reserve supports the common dormouse, which is protected under European and UK legislation. Also recorded are wood mouse and the yellow-necked mouse. fallow deer and roe deer visit the reserve.
Invertebrates and molluscs
Recorded are the pearl-bordered fritillary, silver-washed fritillary and comma, drawn by the open rides and glades. Molluscs recorded include the Roman snail and the great pellucid glass snail.
The wood supports a number of wood ant nests. Some of these may be a good half a metre high and are scattered throughout the reserve.
Conservation
The overall aim is to increase the structure and wildlife diversity of this old woodland. This means thinning to create a 'high forest' and the removal of stands of conifers. Hazel coppice is managed to provide a rotation plan suitable for the dormouse population.
Walks
There is a publication which details walks for recreation and observing wildlife in the Golden Valley. This includes information on Siccaridge Wood and four other nearby nature reserves being Strawberry Banks SSSI, Three Groves Wood, Daneway Banks SSSI and Sapperton Valley. The walk also includes other ancient woodland at Peyton's Grove, Oakridge village, Bakers Mill and Reservoir, Ashmeads Spring, and part of the route of the old Thames and Severn Canal.
Publications
Kelham, A, Sanderson, J, Doe, J, Edgeley-Smith, M, et al., 1979, 1990, 2002 editions, 'Nature Reserves of the Gloucestershire Trust for Nature Conservation/Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust'
Siccaridge Wood and Sapperton Valley Nature Reserve – Ancient Dormouse woodland and luxuriant valley wetland', (undated), Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
'The Golden Valley Walk', (undated), Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
‘Nature Reserve Guide – discover the wild Gloucestershire on your doorstep’ - 50th Anniversary, January 2011, Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
References
External links
Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust
Nature reserves in Gloucestershire
Cotswolds
Forests and woodlands of Gloucestershire |
Regalia was launched in Sunderland in 1828. She first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1830 with Lotherington, owner and master, and trade London–Trieste.<ref name=LR1830>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015065537923?urlappend=%3Bseq=786 LR (1830), Supple. pages R", Seq.№R7.]</ref> The Register of Shipping for 1830 had the same information, except that it showed her trade as London–Quebec. In 1831 it showed her trade as Antwerp–Liverpool. LR for 1832 showed her trade as Liverpool–Odessa. It also carried the annotation "LOST".
Loss: Regalia, Lotherington, master, foundered on 13 November 1831 in Liverpool Bay off Southport. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Lisbon, Portugal. Lloyd's List'' reported on 15 November that pieces of wreck marked "L.M. Regalia" had washed up at Southport. On the 18th it reported that parts of the wreck were coming on shore.
Citations
1828 ships
Age of Sail merchant ships of England
Missing ships
Ships lost with all hands |
Hyperboreae Undae (Latin: "Far Northern Waves/Dunes") is one of the largest and densest dune fields of Planum Boreum, the Martian North Pole. It is named after one of the classical albedo features on Mars. Its name was officially approved by IAU in 1988. It extends from latitude 77.12°N to 82.8°N and from longitude 302.92°E to 316.02°E (43.98°W – 57.08°W). Its centre is at latitude 79.96°N, longitude 49.49°W, and has a diameter of .
Hyperboreae Undae is southwest of the Boreum Cavus depression, an arc-like depression at the northeastern boundary of Chasma Boreale. From there, Hyperboreae Undae continues in a southwestern direction through Chasma Boreale, and into the lowlands of Vastitas Borealis. It overlays the eastern part of Hyperboreae Lingua and the region above Escorial crater.
Hyperboreae Undae is well known for the barchanoid and linear dunes that have formed at its location, although they are seemingly incompatible. Research has been ongoing to explain the coexistence of these types of dunes at Hyperboreae Undae and elsewhere on Mars. Another type of formation found at Hyperboreae Undae is the yardang.
Dune characteristics
Although the dunes surrounding the Martian north pole show no signs of movement, two possible exceptions may be the dunes in parts of Abalos Undae, and the dunes of Hyperboreae Undae. In the case of Hyperboreae Undae, the dunes close to its eastern boundary appear to be buried under the Planum Boreum 3 unit. At that area, some of the dunes exhibit dark streaks that may have been caused by katabatic winds. This may indicate sand movement, due to Aeolian activity, which is recent enough to retain the streaks, otherwise these marks tend to disappear with time; other dunes do not exhibit such marks.
The dunes of Hyperboreae Undae, according to data provided by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, exhibit the weakest signature for the presence of surface ice in the area of Chasma Boreale. Hyperboreae Undae, along with Abalos and Siton Undae, contributes sand to mainly medium-density dune fields east of Olympia Undae and extending to the Martian prime meridian,
Image analysis research, using the method of spectral derivatives, has indicated that Hyperboreae Undae, as well as the other dense officially-named northern circumpolar dune fields (Olympia Undae, Abalos Undae, and Siton Undae), show the highest density of gypsum in the area. A geomorphic comparison of Hyperboreae Undae with Rub' al Khali, Earth's largest contiguous dune field, has determined that the morphologies of the two ergs follow similar developmental patterns.
Coexistence of linear and barchan forms
Linear dunes form primarily in bidirectional (bimodal) wind fields. Transverse dunes, also called barchan, form when there is a unidirectional (unimodal) wind regime. A third type of dune, the star dune, is typically formed in multidirectional (multimodal) wind regimes. The presence of each of these dune forms, suggests the wind regime that produced it. Linear and star dunes are rare on Mars. The existence of both linear and barchan dunes in the same location is apparently incompatible, as that would seem to imply the co-existence of unidirectional and bidirectional winds in the same place.
Research has been undertaken to explain the coexistence of linear and barchan dunes in Hyperboreae Undae. One paper explains the change from linear to barchan dunes in adjacent locations, by proposing a wind model that changes from bidirectional to unidirectional due to the influence of local topography; it is proposed that bidirectional winds change to unidirectional due to funneling action introduced by local geomorphology. Although valid for neighbouring dune locations, this theory cannot explain how linear and barchan dunes can coexist in the same location.
Another study, proposes that the linear dunes have become crusty (indurated), and thus resistant to changing form with changing wind directions. The study also proposes that the bimodal wind direction changed with time to unidirectional, which would produce barchan-type dunes, while the preexisting indurated linear dunes, due to their hardening, would remain in place. This theory is plausible, although it cannot be easily verified, because the time profile of the wind patterns for Hyperboreae Undae would need to be recovered.
A third study combines images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with the deployment of the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) to obtain local coordinates of the topography shown in the HiRISE images, and then maps the HiRISE image data into a computer simulation which registers the spatial computer model of the local topography of Hyperboreae Undae in the vicinity of Boreum Cavus. From the crestline orientation of the numerical model, the local wind vectors can be computed, and the results can then be compared to the measured wind data of the area under investigation. Conversely, if the wind vectors are known, the bedform morphology can be predicted. By comparing the numerical simulation results to measured real-world data, the computer simulation parameters can be refined, leading to better convergence between numerically-predicted and field-measured results. Limitations for the computer model include the resolution limits of the numerical model, the small area under investigation, and the complexity of the local wind conditions. The numerical study obtained results that demonstrate that Hyperboreae Undae was formed under modern wind conditions and that its form, the coexistence of barchan and linear dunes, can be established by the numerical model. Further research plans include the extension of the field of study to include modelling all of Hyperboreae Undae.
Images from THEMIS and HiRISE
See also
Aspledon Undae
Hagal dune field
Nili Patera dune field
Ogygis Undae
Yardangs on Mars
References
Dunes on Mars
Mare Boreum quadrangle |
Minuscule 646 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 2059 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 16th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener labeled by 721e.
Description
The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 214 parchment leaves (size ), with only one lacuna at the end of Gospel of John (John 21:20-25). The text is written in one column per page, 22-29 lines per page, by several hands.
It contains the Eusebian tables, the tables of the (chapters) are placed before every Gospel, the text is divided according to the Ammonian Sections, with a references to the Eusebian Canons.
Text
Kurt Aland the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category.
It was not examined by using Claremont Profile Method. In result its textual character is still not determined.
History
Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 13th century. Gregory dated it to the 14th century. Actually the manuscript is dated by the INTF to the 16th century.
Formerly the manuscript was held in Mar Saba, then in Constantinople (Hagia Taphu 436). The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (721) and Gregory (646). Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886.
The manuscript currently is housed at the National Library of Greece (Taphu 218), at Athens.
See also
List of New Testament minuscules
Biblical manuscript
Textual criticism
References
Further reading
Greek New Testament minuscules
16th-century biblical manuscripts
Manuscripts of the National Library of Greece |
Yuri Stepanovich Shurkalov (, born 18 September 1949) is a Russian rower who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1976 Summer Olympics.
In 1976 he was a crew member of the Soviet boat which won the silver medal in the coxed pairs event.
References
External links
1949 births
Living people
Russian male rowers
Soviet male rowers
Olympic rowers for the Soviet Union
Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic medalists in rowing
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics |
Connexins (Cx) (TC# 1.A.24), or gap junction proteins, are structurally related transmembrane proteins that assemble to form vertebrate gap junctions. An entirely different family of proteins, the innexins, form gap junctions in invertebrates. Each gap junction is composed of two hemichannels, or connexons, which consist of homo- or heterohexameric arrays of connexins, and the connexon in one plasma membrane docks end-to-end with a connexon in the membrane of a closely opposed cell. The hemichannel is made of six connexin subunits, each of which consist of four transmembrane segments. Gap junctions are essential for many physiological processes, such as the coordinated depolarization of cardiac muscle, proper embryonic development, and the conducted response in microvasculature. Connexins also have non-channel dependant functions relating to cytoskeleton and cell migration. For these reasons, mutations in connexin-encoding genes can lead to functional and developmental abnormalities.
Nomenclature
Connexins are commonly named according to their molecular weights, e.g. Cx26 is the connexin protein of 26 kDa. A competing nomenclature is the gap junction protein system, where connexins are sorted by their α (GJA) and β (GJB) forms, with additional connexins grouped into the C, D and E groupings, followed by an identifying number, e.g. GJA1 corresponds to Cx43. Following a vote at the Gap Junction Conference (2007) in Elsinore the community agreed to use the GJ nomenclature system for the genes that encode connexins, but wished to retain the connexin nomenclature for the encoded proteins using the weight of the human protein for the numbering of orthologous proteins.
Structure
Connexins contain four highly ordered transmembrane segments (TMSs), primarily unstructured C and N cytoplasmic termini, a cytoplasmic loop (CL) and two extra-cellular loops, (EL-1) and (EL-2). Connexins are assembled in groups of six to form hemichannels, or connexons, and two hemichannels then combine to form a gap junction.
The crystal structure of the gap junction channel formed by human Cx26 (also known as GJB2) at 3.5 Å resolution is available. The density map showed the two membrane-spanning hemichannels and the arrangement of the four TMSs of the six protomers forming each hemichannel. The hemichannels feature a positively charged cytoplasmic entrance, a funnel, a negatively charged transmembrane pathway, and an extracellular cavity. The pore is narrowed at the funnel, which is formed by the six amino-terminal helices lining the wall of the channel, which thus determines the molecular size restriction at the channel entrance.
The connexin gene family is diverse, with twenty-one identified members in the sequenced human genome, and twenty in the mouse (nineteen of which are orthologous pairs). They usually weigh between 25 and 60 kDa, and have an average length of 380 amino acids. The various connexins have been observed to combine into both homomeric and heteromeric gap junctions, each of which may exhibit different functional properties including pore conductance, size selectivity, charge selectivity, voltage gating, and chemical gating.
Biosynthesis and internalization
A remarkable aspect of connexins is that they have a relatively short half life of only a few hours. The result is the presence of a dynamic cycle by which connexins are synthesized and replaced. It has been suggested that this short life span allows for more finely regulated physiological processes to take place, such as in the myometrium.
From the nucleus to the membrane
As they are being translated by ribosomes, connexins are inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is in the ER that connexins are properly folded, yielding two extracellular loops, EL-1 and EL-2. It is also in the ER that the oligomerization of connexin molecules into hemichannels begins, a process which may continue in the UR-Golgi intermediate compartment as well. The arrangements of these hemichannels can be homotypic, heterotypic, and combined heterotypic/heteromeric. After exiting the ER and passing through the ERGIC, the folded connexins will usually enter the cis-Golgi network. However, some connexins, such as Cx26 may be transported independent of the Golgi.
Gap junction assembly
After being inserted into the plasma membrane of the cell, the hemichannels freely diffuse within the lipid bilayer. Through the aid of specific proteins, mainly cadherins, the hemichannels are able to dock with hemichannels of adjacent cells forming gap junctions. Recent studies have shown the existence of communication between adherens junctions and gap junctions, suggesting a higher level of coordination than previously thought.
Function
Connexin gap junctions are found only in vertebrates, while a functionally analogous (but genetically unrelated) group of proteins, the innexins, are responsible for gap junctions in invertebrate species. Innexin orthologs have also been identified in Chordates, but they are no longer capable of forming gap junctions. Instead, the channels formed by these proteins (called pannexins) act as very large transmembrane pores that connect the intra- and extracellular compartments.
Within the CNS, gap junctions provide electrical coupling between progenitor cells, neurons, and glial cells. By using specific connexin knockout mice, studies revealed that cell coupling is essential for visual signaling. In the retina, ambient light levels influence cell coupling provided by gap junction channels, adapting the visual function for various lighting conditions. Cell coupling is governed by several mechanisms, including connexin expression.
Decrock et al.. have discussed a multilevel platform via which connexins and pannexins can influence the following cellular functions within a tissue: (1) connexin gap junctional channels (GJCs) enable direct cell-cell communication of small molecules, (2) connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels can contribute to autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways, and (3) different structural domains of these proteins allow for channel-independent functions, such as cell-cell adhesion, interactions with the cytoskeleton, and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, connexins and pannexins have multifaceted contributions to brain development and specific processes in the neuro-glio-vascular unit, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, glial signaling, vasomotor control, cell movement, and blood-brain barrier integrity in the mature CNS.
Substrate specificity
Different connexins may exhibit differing specificities for solutes. For example, adenosine passed about 12-fold better through channels formed by Cx32 while AMP and ADP passed about 8-fold better, and ATP greater than 300-fold better, through channels formed by Cx43. Thus, addition of phosphate to adenosine appears to shift its relative permeability from channels formed by Cx32 to channels formed by Cx43. This may have functional consequence because the energy status of a cell could be controlled via connexin expression and channel formation.
Transport reaction
The transport reaction catalyzed by connexin gap junctions is:
Small molecules (cell 1 cytoplasm) ⇌ small molecules (cell 2 cytoplasm)
Human connexins and clinical significance
Gap junctions are essential for many physiological processes, such as the coordinated depolarization of cardiac muscle, proper embryonic development, and the conducted response in microvasculature. For this reason, deletion or mutation of the various connexin isoforms produces distinctive phenotypes and pathologies. While mutations in Cx43 are mostly linked to oculodentodigital dysplasia, Cx47 mutations are associated with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease and lymphedema. Cx40 mutations are principally linked to atrial fibrillation. Mutations in Cx37 have not yet been described, but polymorphisms in the Cx37 gene have been implicated in the development of arterial disease.
References
Sources
External links
Protein families
Membrane proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Transmembrane transporters
Transport proteins
Integral membrane proteins |
Koray Caliskan is an economic sociologist, Associate Professor of Strategic Design and Management at Parsons School of Design, The New School and Associate Editor of the Journal of Cultural Economy.
Education
He received his B.A. in Political Science, Bogazici University, Istanbul and M.A. in Politics, NYU, New York in 1999. He received his Ph.D. with distinction from NYU’s Politics Department, with which he won the Malcolm Kerr Social Science Award from MESA.
Publications
His book Market Threads: How Cotton Farmers and Traders Create a Global Commodity came out from Princeton University Press and focused on global commodity markets and relations of economization.
Film projects
He directed, produced and wrote seven fiction and documentary films, including Esma, shown at the Cannes Film Festival. His last research project on cryptocurrencies, their global communities and blockchains was selected to be a winner of the Scientific Breakthrough of the Year Award in Social Sciences and Humanities by the Falling Walls Foundation. His book, based on this research, Data Money: Cryptocurrencies and their Communities, Blockchains and Markets will come out in 2022 from Columbia University Press. Currently, on an ESRC grant, he is carrying out research with his team on the economic sociology of digital advertisements.
He was also the writer and director of the short film "Esma". He was the producer and co-writer of "In Flames", feature film. He was the director of the film "Last Villagers of Avshar", producer of "Pipelines Made up of Donkeys" film and producer of the documentary "Republic of Wonderland: Turkish TV Series in the World".
Social activism
He is the founder of Mamame, a social innovation project bringing together the organizational form of cooperative and limited liability company in economizing under-represented women’s labor, which won the Entrepreneurship of the Year Award in 2017 from Microsoft Turkey.
Research work
His recent research project was recently awarded a Breakthrough Prize in Social Sciences and Humanities from the Falling Walls foundation as of August 2021.
References
External links
Economic sociologists
Parsons School of Design faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Turkish sociologists |
The Zalău City Hall () is a building in Zalău which was built in 1889.
History
In 1876, the city of Zalău was designated as the capital of Szilágy County. The building originally served to house the Court and Prosecutor's office of the county. The trapezoidal building has three external entrances and an interior yard.
References
External links
Zalău City Hall
Government buildings completed in 1889
Monuments and memorials in Zalău
1889 in Hungary
Historic monuments in Sălaj County
City and town halls in Romania |
Tukkatar Chaowang (, "The doll of the palace women") is a very delicate Thai doll which comes in a very small size. The smallest one can be only 2 centimeters tall. It is gradually created from soil through the process of baking and painting until it becomes a beautiful doll used to decorate a room. It also represents Thai culture. The name "doll of the palace women" derives from its original version of this doll that was first created among the women in the Grand palace of Thailand a century ago.
History
There are two assumptions about its sources. The first assumption mentions that the doll was originally created by the women working in the palace and another story tells that one royal family woman made it for the little princess. Although its real source has not been clarified yet, both stories show that it came from the royal palace around the period of Rama 4th and 5th (around 1851–1910). After the first introduction of the doll, it became popular among the women in the palace of that period. The last person who made the original version of this doll is “นางแฉ่ง สังคาวาสี” (Mrs. Chang Sungkawasri). She and her sisters were the ones who brought the royal doll from the palace to the ordinary people and made it known by first selling it at a popular fair in the capital part of Thailand. Unfortunately, after a long period, the art of this doll gradually disappeared.
However, there was a revival of the royal doll. Hoping to conserve this tiny doll, Queen Sirikit raised this issue and let the villagers of Bang Sadej area, which is in Angthong province, revive the art in 1976. When it came to a doll of villagers, the old original dolls were carried on and the new villager style is developed.
Characteristics
There are two main styles of the doll, a royal original look and the villagers’ folk style. The primary style in the grand palace were applied from the tender character, the real traditional activities and the lifestyle of the women in the palace, such as the posture these women did to show the respect to the royal family or the colors of the clothes they wore, so the doll looks rather delicate. On the other side, the characteristic of the folk style gives a more local and strong feeling because it represented the villagers’ lives, such as the posture of the children playing the local game. Even though there are some differences in characteristics and the method of creating changed as the time passed, both styles have more value than just a value of dolls for decoration as they contain historical story and culture of Thailand, which can reflect the social situation and way of life in each period.
References
"ตุ๊กตาไทย". (2013, 2 6). Retrieved from kanchanapisek: http://kanchanapisek.or.th/kp6/sub/book/book.php?book=13&chap=6&page=t13-6-l.htm
"ตุ๊กตาชาววัง". (2013, 9 6). Retrieved from Khaosod: http://www.khaosod.co.th/view_news.php?newsid=TVRJMU16RTRPREF4TUE9PQ==§ionid
"ตุ๊กตาชาววัง-ชาวบ้าน สานพระราชดำริราชินี". (2013, 9 6). Retrieved from Khaosod: http://www.khaosod.co.th/view_news.php?newsid=TUROc1lXUXdNVEE1TVRBMU5RPT0=
"ศูนย์ตุ๊กตาชาววังบ้านบางเสด็จ". (2013, 9 6). Retrieved from tatsuphan: http://www.tatsuphan.net/Atukta.html
Thai art |
Chirayinkeezhu railway station (Code:CRY) is a NSG 5 D category railway station in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, and falls under the Thiruvananthapuram railway division of the Southern Railway zone, Indian Railways. It is the 7th most revenue generating and 6th busiest railway station in Trivandrum district. The station is situated in the Chirayinkeezhu panchayat of Trivandrum.
Details of annual passenger earnings from Chirayinkeezhu railway station
Service
Some of the major trains having halt at the station.
Passenger Trains
References
Railway stations in India opened in 1904
Railway stations in Thiruvananthapuram district
Thiruvananthapuram railway division |
William Wingfield (30 September 1834 – 18 April 1913) was a Welsh-born clergyman and a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, Cambridgeshire and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1855 and 1862. He was born at Llanllwchaiarn, Newtown, Powys and died at Coton Hill, Shrewsbury, Shropshire.
Wingfield was educated at Rossall School and at Trinity College, Cambridge.
As a cricketer, Wingfield was a right-handed middle-order batsman and, in his early career at least, a wicketkeeper. He cemented his place in the 1855 University team with an innings of 69 in only his second first-class game, the match against the MCC, and this remained his highest score. He played in the University Match against Oxford University in each of his three seasons at Cambridge, but only in his last year did he make much impact, though his 54 in Cambridge's second innings was insufficient to prevent a defeat. Cricket was not his only sport at Cambridge: he won a Blue as cox of the Cambridge rowing eight at Henley in 1855 and was then cox of the successful Cambridge boat in the Boat Race 1856.
Wingfield also played for the Gentlemen of the South team and was a county cricketer for Cambridgeshire, and, from 1855 to 1879, Shropshire. For the latter he appeared in 86 matches, made a total 2,317 runs with a best match score of 89 runs, and took 15 wickets. Within Shropshire he played club cricket for Shrewsbury and Ludlow.
Wingfield graduated from Cambridge University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1857, and this converted to a Master of Arts in 1861. He was ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in 1859 and as a priest the following year. From 1860 to 1863, he was vicar of Ford, Shropshire; from 1863 to his retirement in 1901, he was vicar of Leighton, Shropshire.
Wingfield married in April 1864 Selina Rachel, daughter of Colonel Frederick Hill.
References
1834 births
1913 deaths
Welsh cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
People educated at Rossall School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
19th-century English Anglican priests
Gentlemen of England cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Gentlemen of the North cricketers
Cambridge Town Club cricketers |
USS Steadfast (AFDM-14) (former YFD-71) is a AFDM-14-class floating dry dock built in 1945 and operated by the United States Navy.
Construction and career
YFD-71 was built by the Pollock Shipbuilding Co., in Stockton, California in 1945. She would be commissioned later in 1945 after her delivery to the Navy on 1 July.
In 1981, the dry dock was re-designated as AFDM-14. She would be given the name Steadfast later in 1984. On 1 April 1986, USS Tuscaloosa (LST-1187) was seen dry docked inside Steadfast at National Steel and Shipbuilding Company. In February 1987, USS Bagley (FF-1069) traveled to Concord Naval Weapons Station where she unloaded ammunition before beginning a restricted availability at San Diego on the 16th. The repair period lasted until early summer and included a seven-week drydocking in Steadfast that occupied most of April and all of May.
In January 1992, USS Kinkaid (DD-965) was dry docked inside Steadfast. On 15 March 1994, USS Chandler (DDG-996) began a six-month selected restricted availability at Continental Maritime in San Diego, which lasted from 15 March until 19 May in the floating dry dock Steadfast. On 8 January 1996, Steadfast was dry docked at Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Steadfast was decommissioned in 1998 and sold to BAE Systems Ship Repair San Francisco, renamed Eureka. Struck from the Naval Register on 7 February 1999.
In 2009, SS Jeremiah O'Brien was dry docked inside Eureka at Pier 70.
On 2 January 2017, the shipyard was sold to Puglia Engineering, Inc..
Awards
American Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
National Defense Service Medal
References
External links
NavSource: AFDM-14
Naval Vessel Register: Steadfast (AFDM-14)
Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Floating drydocks of the United States Navy
1945 ships
Ships built in Stockton, California |
Sadguru Brahmeshanand Acharya Swami (born 12 March 1981) is an Indian spiritual guru. Referred to as "Sadguruji" or "Sadgurudev", Swami received Atmadnyan diksha and advait vedanta as per guru shishya tradition of Shri Datta Padmanabh Peeth from Sadguru Brahmanandacharya Swami.
Early life
Brahmeshanand Acharya Swami was born on 12 March 1981 in Sircaim, Goa and was attracted to meditation and spirituality from childhood. He displayed various qualities by the age of seven. He could play the pump organ, read, and recite the bhagwad geeta with confidence. When in school, he was attracted to asceticism and aspired for a life of 'dhyan', 'sadhana', and 'tapasya'. Finally, he left home and adopted the life of an ascetic, dedicated to studying and practicing rigorous spiritual paths.
His predecessor Brahmanandacharya Swami, the then chief of the Datta Padmanabh Sampradaya, took him under his wings. At the age of 21, Brahmeshanandacharya Swamiji was appointed the fifth 'Peethadish' of the Padmanabh Shishya Sampradaya to succeed Brahmanandacharya Swamiji.
Peethadhishwar of Datta Padmanabh Peeth
Swami is a "Peethadhishwar", the supreme authority of the Shree Datta Padmanabh Peeth Goa – India, a spiritual organization, having thousands of years of immortal Guru Shishya Parampara (Master Disciple Tradition) which operates at Tapobhoomi Ashram, carry Vedic, Sanskrit, spiritual and educational activities.
Peace and humanitarian work
Swami is an Internationally acclaimed spiritual master, ambassador of peace, Interfaith leader, International speaker, spiritual and social reformer, vedic, and sanskrit scholar. He is the founder and head of the International Sadguru Foundation working worldwide to unite the world as one big family for world peace and harmony. Swami attended the opening plenary of the Parliament of World's Religions at Chicago. Under his guidance, thousands of Hindus adorn janeu (Sacred Thread) at Tapobhoomi Gurupeeth and set the Asia Book of record for maximum number of people wearing janeu at the same time.
References
1981 births
Living people
Recipients of the Padma Shri |
Arbanitis beaury is a species of armoured trap-door spider in the family Idiopidae, and is endemic to New South Wales.
It was first described by Robert Raven & Graham Wishart in 2006.
References
beaury
Spiders described in 2006
Spiders of Australia
Arthropods of New South Wales
Taxa named by Robert Raven |
Maria-Anna Galitzine (Maria-Anna Charlotte Zita Elisabeth Regina Therese; born 19 May 1954), also known as Archduchess Maria-Anna of Austria and Princess Maria-Anna Galitzine, is a Belgian traditionalist Catholic activist and member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. A granddaughter of Charles I of Austria and Zita of Bourbon-Parma, the last emperor and empress of Austria-Hungary, she has been active in supporting their cause for sainthood in the Catholic Church.
Early life, family, and education
Maria-Anna was born in exile in Brussels on 19 May 1954 to Archduke Rudolf of Austria and Countess Xenia Czernichev-Besobrasov. A member of the exiled Austrian imperial family, her father was the youngest son of Charles I and Zita, the last emperor and empress of Austria and king and queen of Hungary. Her mother was a member of the Russian nobility and a descendant of the Sheremetev family. Maria-Anna was raised in a religious family and was baptized in the Catholic faith. Her mother died in a car accident in 1968. Her father married a second time, to Princess Anna Gabriele von Wrede, in 1971. Maria-Anna is a sister of Simeon von Habsburg.
She was educated in Brussels and studied economics, politics, and sociology at Université catholique de Louvain. After graduating, she worked at a financial fund in Belgium and, later, at Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. in New York City.
Activism
In 1993, Maria-Anna and her family moved to Moscow. While there, she served on the board of a children's school, organized an annual charity dinner for local medical institutions for children in need, and worked on repairing churches in Russian villages.
Maria-Anna has played an active role in the campaign for sainthood of her grandparents. Her grandfather, Charles I, was Beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2004, and is known in the Catholic Church as Blessed Karl of Austria. Her grandmother, Zita, was named a Servant of God in 2009.
After moving to Chicago in 2008, Maria-Anna became a parishioner at St. John Cantius Church. Father Frank Phillips, the pastor of St. John Cantius Church, built a shrine in honor of Maria-Anna's family in the church's Chapel of Dormition. The shrine is dedicated to her grandparents and an ancestor of her husband, Prince Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin, who is also venerated in the Catholic faith. She was a guest at a formal banquet hosted by the Canons Regular of St. John Cantius at the University Club of Chicago, and promoted the religious community's efforts to maintain traditional liturgical forms.
In July 2011, she served on the VIP Host Committee of the Moscow Demographic Summit, an event sponsored by the World Congress of Families focusing on promoting traditional marriage, increasing birthrates, ending abortion, ending the death penalty, and advocating for family rights around the world.
In 2015, she attended the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston's exhibit “Habsburg Splendor: Masterpieces from Vienna’s Imperial Collections. In October of the same year, she attended a solemn mass and was a guest speaker at a reception for the feast day of her grandfather at St. Mary, Mother of God Catholic Church in Washington, D.C.
In October 2018, Maria-Anna was a guest of honor at a three-day symposium held in Dallas, hosted by the Emperor Karl League of Prayer and the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter, in honor of her grandfather's feast day. The symposium, attended by over five-hundred people, was held in order to bring awareness to the cause for sainthood of Charles I. Maria-Anna gave talks about her family at the public library in Allen and at Mater Dei Catholic Church as part of the symposium. The symposium concluded with a Solemn Mass including the veneration and blessing of a first-class relic of Charles I. Maria-Anna remains an active member and leader in the Blessed Karl League of Prayer. In 2019, she gave an interview during the Symposium on Blessed Karl von Habsburg, The Last Emperor & King of Austria-Hungary.
On 8 November 2020, Maria-Anna and Suzanne Pearson gave a lecture, as part of the Cardinal Mindszenty Speaker Series, called The Saintly Life of Blessed Karl of Austria-Hungary, at St. Mary of Victories Church in St. Louis, Missouri.
Personal life
Maria-Anna married Prince Piotr Dmitrijevitch Galitzine, a Russian Orthodox aristocrat, businessman, and member of the House of Golitsyn, on 24 November 1981 in a civil ceremony in Woluwe-Saint-Pierre. They had a Catholic ceremony on 25 November 1981 in Uccle.
Maria-Anna and her husband had six children:
Princess Xenia Petrovna Galitzine (b. 23 May 1983)
Princess Tatiana Petrovna Galitzine (b. 16 August 1984)
Princess Alexandra Petrovna Galitzine (b. 7 August 1986)
Princess Maria Petrovna Galitzine (11 May 1988 – 4 May 2020)
Prince Dimitri Petrovich Galitzine (b. 11 June 1990)
Prince Ioann Teimouraz Petrovich Galitzine (b. 27 May 1992)
Exiled from Austria in the earlier years of their marriage, due to the Habsburg Law, Maria-Anna and her family lived in Belgium, Luxembourg, Russia, and the United States.
On 16 July 2011, the family attended the funeral and burial of Maria-Anna's uncle and the last crown prince of Austria, Otto von Habsburg, in Vienna.
Her daughter, Princess Maria, died in 2020.
References
Living people
1954 births
20th-century Roman Catholics
21st-century Roman Catholics
Austrian princesses
Belgian people of Austrian descent
Belgian people of Italian descent
Belgian people of Portuguese descent
Belgian people of Russian descent
Belgian traditionalist Catholics
Exiled royalty
Maria-Anna
Maria-Anna
Nobility from Brussels
Roman Catholic activists
Russian princesses by marriage
Université catholique de Louvain alumni |
Lake Kawaupaka, also known as Lake Kawaupaku, is a small lake near Te Henga (Bethells Beach) in the Auckland Region of New Zealand. The lake is on private land, and is one of the few dune lakes in the region to be surrounded by native forest. It is located south-west of Lake Wainamu.
Geology
The lake was originally a river valley. 7,200 years ago at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, when sea-levels began to rise, Te Henga / Bethells Beach began to form, as sand dunes migrated into the river valley. When sand dunes formed a barrier, Lake Kawaupaka began to form as a freshwater lake.
History
The lake is within the traditional rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki, and was known as Roto Kawaupaku. The name refers to the Little black cormorant (kawaupaka), who were seen as the guardians of the lake. The lake was part of the greater Te Henga / Bethells Beach and Waitākere River area of settlements, with the localities of Tūrapa located on the north shore and, Pākōwhatu to the east of the lake. Pākōwhatu was a pā that used Ngāti Awa fortification techniques, learnt from the Ngāti Awa people as they travelled south past the Waitākere Ranges area towards Kawhia Harbour and Taranaki.
The lake remained mostly undisturbed during European colonisation. During the 19th century, flax was harvested from the lake, and pioneer John Neale Bethell planted an orchard on the lakeside. The lake was purchase din 1979 by the Queen Elizabeth II National Trust, after which it was administered by the Auckland Regional Council as a nature reserve.
See also
List of lakes in New Zealand
References
Kawaupaka
Waitākere Ranges
Waitākere Ranges Local Board Area
West Auckland, New Zealand |
Luoma Lake () is located in central Jiangsu province, China, northwest of Suqian. In an average year, the lake, connecting with the Grand Canal, takes up an area of 375 square kilometers. In Jiangsu, it is perceived as one of the four major freshwater lakes. Besides its historical values, it is currently known as a travel destination; it is listed as one of the main attractions for tourists visiting the city of Suqian.
Origin
Currently, most people in the city believe that Luoma Lake gets its name from its shape, which looks like the backbone of a horse. They insist that this lake is formed by nature. Indeed, Luoma Lake was initially formed as a tectonic lake and enlarged by the change of river system. Due to the change in the course of the Yellow River which temporarily merged with the Si River and Huai River between the Song and Qing dynasties, the Yellow River flooded this area for several times and enlarged the surface area of Luoma Lake. During the past 300 years, the Yellow River brought sediments into Luoma Lake and created depositions inside the lake. In the 1950s, dams were constructed around the lake and made the lake a larger semi-artificial reservoir.
History
The history of Luoma Lake can be traced back to the period of Gaozong of Song. According to his autobiography, he came to this place and named it as Luoma, which literally means horse backbone. Because "Luoma" shares the same pronunciation with the phrase "being removed from office due to corruption" in Mandarin Chinese, the county government of Xinyi renamed it "Longma Lake", which has been boycotted by local people.
Ecosystem
Due to its temperature and humidity appropriate for living, several species inhabit in Luoma Lake. Those species include phragmites, nelumbo nucifera, silver carp, Chinese white shrimp, and crab.
Cyanobacteria Community
A study was conducted in Luoma Lake in 2015 to investigate the factors that influence the cyanobacteria abundance. It suggests that this abundance has a positive relationship with the concentration of ammonium and a negative one with oxygen concentration.
References
Lakes of Jiangsu |
Claudine Françoise Mignot (20 January 1624 – 30 November 1711) was a French adventuress born near Grenoble, at Meylan. She was commonly called "Marie".
Biography
At the age of sixteen, she attracted the notice of the secretary Pierre de Portes d'Amblérieu, treasurer of the province of Dauphiné, and Pierre promised to promote their marriage. Instead, he married her himself on 29 July 1640 and left her his fortune. Immediately on her marriage with Pierre she had begun to educate herself, and her wealth and talents assured her a welcome in Paris.
His will was disputed by his family, and Claudine went to Paris in 1653 to secure its fulfilment. She sought the protection of , marshal of France, then a man of seventy-five. He married her on 25 August 1653, within a week of their first meeting, and after seven years of marriage died on 20 April 1660, leaving her part of his estate.They had one son (c. 1654 – c. 1657).
By a third and morganatic marriage on 14 September 1672 with John Casimir, former king of Poland. A few weeks before his sudden death, she received a third enormous fortune. In the testament, written on 12 December 1672 in Nevers, John Casimir called himself her debtor. They had one daughter named Marie Catherine, to whom her father left fifteen thousand livres, and asked her to join the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary.
She retired in her old age to a Carmelite convent, where she died on 30 November 1711. Her history was the subject of a play by Bayard and Paul Duport: Marie Mignot (1829).
References
1624 births
1711 deaths
Mingnot, Claudine
People from Grenoble
Morganatic spouses |
Boulder Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
Boulder Creek derives its name from a nearby canyon noted for the boulders it contains.
See also
List of rivers of South Dakota
References
Rivers of Lawrence County, South Dakota
Rivers of South Dakota |
A list of the films produced in Mexico in 1988 (see 1988 in film):
1988
External links
1988
Films
Lists of 1988 films by country or language |
Florishchi () is a rural locality (a selo) in Florishchinskoye Rural Settlement, Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 226 in 2010. There are eight streets.
Geography
Florishchi is located 19 km west of Kolchugino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Dyakonovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kolchuginsky District |
"Gabriel" is a song by Roy Davis Jr. and Peven Everett.
It was first released in the U.S. in 1996 on Large Records, titled "Gabrielle". It originally states on the record that the track was produced by Davis Jr., with Everett providing vocals and performing trumpet on the song.
In 1997, UK label XL Recordings licensed and released "Gabriel" with Peven Everett credited as a 'featured artist'. On this release, both Davis Jr. and Everett are credited as having written and produced the song, with Everett also credited as having provided lead and backing vocals, as well as having performed trumpet and keyboards. The XL release featured more mixes of the track by UK duos Basement Jaxx and R.I.P. Productions as well as a mix by M-Beat on the CD single. The song received notable attention in Europe and became popular in the UK, with the single peaking at number 22 on the UK Singles Chart and remaining on the chart for five weeks. It also reached No. 5 on the UK Dance Singles Chart.
Impact and legacy
In November 2016, UK duo Gorgon City compiled a list of their top UK garage songs for Billboard, with "Gabriel" at #26.
The Guardian listed the song at number 3 in their list of "The best UK garage tracks - ranked!" in 2019.
In December 2017 for Dummy Mag, UK duo Original Dodger, formerly known as Artful Dodger, included "Gabriel" in their list of the "10 best UK garage tracks" and in March 2019, the Heartless Crew included "Gabriel" in their list of the "10 Best UK Garage Tunes".
Mixmag included "Gabriel" in their list of "40 of the best UK garage tracks released from 1995 to 2005", and in their list of "16 of the Best Uplifting Vocal Garage Tracks".
Capital Xtra included the song in their list of "The Best Old-School Garage Anthems of All Time".
Gemtracks included the song in their list of the "top UK garage songs between 1995–2005".
Remixes and covers
A 2-step remix was released in 2000 by Mike Millrain (under the alias Large Joints) on the Locked On compilation Sound of the Pirates.
Sampha covered the song in BBC Radio 1xtra's Live Lounge session in 2017.
In 2019, DJ Spoony together with Katie Chatburn and the Ignition Orchestra featuring Lifford on vocals recorded an orchestral version of the song for the UK garage covers album Garage Classical.
Track listings
US 12" (1996)
A1. "Gabrielle" (The Scroll Mix)
A2. "Gabrielle" (Tamborine Dub)
B1. "Gabrielle" (Words to Give By)
B2. "Gabrielle" (Live Garage)
UK 12" (1997)
A1. "Gabriel" (Live Garage Version) - 7:24
A2. "Gabriel" (Basement Jaxx Mix) - 7:42
B1. "Gabriel" (R.I.P. Mix) - 6:36
B2. "Gabriel" (Victor Imbres Mix) - 8:11
UK CD single (1997)
"Gabriel" (Live Garage Edit) - 3:53
"Gabriel" (M-Beat Edit) - 3:58
"Gabriel" (Path to Heaven Mix) - 7:52
"Gabriel" (Live Garage Version) - 7:24
"Gabriel" (M-Beat Mix) - 4:56
UK CD2 single "Gabriel Remixes" (1997)
"Gabriel" (Basement Jaxx Mix) - 7:42
"Gabriel" (R.I.P. Mix) - 6:36
"Gabriel" (Victor Imbres Mix) - 8:10
"Gabriel" (Jaxx Nite Beats) - 6:08
Certifications
References
1996 songs
1996 singles
1997 singles
UK garage songs
XL Recordings singles |
Margeir Pétursson (born 15 February 1960) is an Icelandic banker and chess grandmaster. He founded MP Bank in 1999, and has owned Bank Lviv since 2006. He was Icelandic Chess Champion in 1986 and 1987, and Nordic Chess Champion in 1987.
Chess career
Born in Reykjavík on 15 February 1960, Margeir earned his international master title in 1978 and grandmaster title in 1986. He won the Hastings Premier in January 1986 with a score of 9½/13. He won the Icelandic Chess Championship in 1986 and 1987, and won the Nordic Chess Championship in 1987. He competed in the July 1985 Interzonal, scoring 7/17; the 1990 Interzonal, scoring 6/13; and participated in the FIDE World Chess Championship 1998, where he was eliminated in the first round by Lembit Oll.
From 1976 to 1996, he played in eleven consecutive Chess Olympiads. His overall Olympiad score is 73/122 (+44–20=58). He also competed in two European Team Chess Championships (1992 and 2015), with an overall score of 7½/15 (+3–3=9); and one World Team Chess Championship (1993), scoring 4/7 (+2–1=4). In 2016, he participated in the 50+ group of the World Senior Team Chess Championship, scoring 6/8 (+4–0=4).
Margeir is the No. 6 ranked Icelandic player as of September 2020, with a rating of 2475.
Business career
After eight years as a professional chess player, Margeir founded a securities company in 1999. This company lost money due to the dot-com crash but survived and in 2003 he converted it into an investment bank, naming it MP Bank after it obtained its commercial license. MP Bank was the only Icelandic commercial bank that did not crash during the financial crisis of 2007–08. It was sold to a group of Icelandic and foreign investors in 2011; as of 2015, Margeir is one of Iceland's wealthiest citizens.
In 2006, Margeir bought Bank Lviv, which is ranked 44th among the 88 Ukrainian banks in terms of assets as of October 2017. In February 2018, he acquired a 99.8% stake in the Lviv-based financial company Integral Investments.
Personal life
In a 2016 interview with The Ukrainian Week, Margeir said he moved to Lviv in 2004 and has been living in the city permanently since 2011. He also stated that he is a supporter of the Icelandic Independence Party. A fluent speaker of Ukrainian, he acted as a translator for Heimir Hallgrímsson, manager of the Iceland national football team, during the Ukraine–Iceland game held on 5 September 2016 in Kyiv.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Margeir Pétursson
Margeir Pétursson
Margeir Pétursson
Margeir Pétursson |
Catherine Jeanne Annen is a French geologist at the Czech Academy of Sciences. Her research considers igneous bodies, volcanic eruptions. and exploration for geothermal energy. She was awarded the 2022 Geological Society of London Bigsby Medal.
Early life and education
Annen studied earth sciences at the University of Geneva. Alongside her studies she worked as a teaching assistant on the modelling of volcanic processes. She remained in Geneva for graduate research, working partly at the Blaise Pascal University. Her research considered how to model the growth of volcanoes. After earning her doctorate, Annen joined the University of Bristol, where she worked on models of magma injection and incrementally emplaced intrusions.
Research and career
Annen returned to the University of Geneva in 2003, where she worked as an assistant professor. She was appointed to the faculty at the University of Bristol in 2009. Her research combined numerical simulations with heat transfer models to better understand magmatic processes. She was particularly interested in the genesis of differentiated melts and how pluton emplacement impacts the growth of large magma chambers. She studied the Soufrière Hills and Mount Pelée. She uncovered the environmental circumstances that determine the frequency of volcanic activity and the magnitude of volcanic phenomena. Small frequent eruptions are triggered by magma replenishment, whilst larger eruptions are caused by magma buoyancy. This buoyancy results in less frequent eruptions and is powered by the accumulation of less dense magma underneath volcanoes. Her findings predict that the largest possible volcanic eruption would result in the release of 3,500 km3 of magma.
Annen was made Chief Editor of Frontiers in Earth Sciences in 2015. In 2022 she was elected Vice President of the Volcanic and igneous plumbing systems committee. In 2021 Annen joined the Czech Academy of Sciences where she works on the formation and differentiation of magma chambers.
Awards and honours
2022 Geological Society of London Bigsby Medal
Selected publications
References
French geologists
Women geologists
University of Geneva alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People associated with the Czech Academy of Sciences |
The play-offs of the 2012 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I were the final stages of the Group I Zonal Competition involving teams from Europe and Africa. Using the positions determined in their pools, the fifteen teams faced off to determine their placing in the 2012 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I. The top two teams advanced to World Group II play-offs, and the bottom two teams were relegated down to the Europe/Africa Zone Group II.
Promotion play-offs
The first placed teams of each pool were drawn in head-to-head rounds. The winner of each round advanced to the World Group II play-offs.
Austria vs. Great Britain
Sweden vs. Poland
5th to 8th play-offs
The second placed teams of each pool were drawn in head-to-head rounds to find the equal fifth and seventh placed teams.
Bulgaria vs. Portugal
Hungary vs. Romania
9th to 12th play-offs
The third placed teams of each pool except Pool A were drawn in head-to-head rounds to find the equal ninth and the eleventh placed teams.
Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Croatia
Relegation play-offs
The last placed teams of each pool were drawn in head-to-head rounds. The loser of each round was relegated down to Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 2013.
Estonia vs. Netherlands
Greece vs. Luxembourg
Final Placements
and advanced to the World Group II play-offs, where they were drawn against each other for advancement. defeated , 4–1, and thus proceeded to World Group II whilst the British were relegated back to Group I for 2013.
and were relegated down to 2013 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II.
See also
Fed Cup structure
References
External links
Fed Cup website
2012 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone |
James Herwald Ramsbotham, 2nd Viscount Soulbury (21 March 1915 – 12 December 2004) was the elder son of the Rt Hon Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury, British Conservative politician.
Army and marriage
At the outbreak of World War II he signed up with the REME, rapidly mastering the professional techniques, meanwhile continuing his work with groups in England. He married Anthea Margaret Wilton on 5 April 1949 (she died 26 June 1950).
Life in Sri Lanka
From the late 1950s he lived in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), where his father had been Governor-General, as a Hindu yogi under the name Santhaswami. Although he ran the Sivathondan Nilayam at Chenkalady in Batticaloa, he also spent much time amongst the Veddas, aboriginal tribal peoples. He used to go off for long periods to their strongholds deep in the jungles and forests. Inevitably one newspaper or another would "scoop" the story of his death. He would subsequently emerge again from one of these forays, wondering what all the fuss was about. He then moved to Kaithadi Ashram at Jaffna, where he lived until 1986.
Publications
Yoga Swami: The Sage of Lanka
Arms
References
External links
1915 births
2004 deaths
Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
British Army personnel of World War II
People from British Ceylon
English Hindus
Soulbury |
The 2022 Connecticut State Treasurer election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the next Connecticut State Treasurer. Incumbent Democratic Party Treasurer Shawn Wooden did not seek re-election.
Democratic primary
Candidates
Nominee
Erick Russell, former vice chair of the Democratic Party of Connecticut
Eliminated in primary
Dita Bhargava, COO of Catalan Investments and candidate for treasurer in 2018
Karen DuBois-Walton, chief executive of the New Haven Housing Authority and chair of the Connecticut State Board of Education
Declined
Arunan Arulampalam, lawyer and candidate for treasurer in 2018 (endorsed Russell)
Adam Cloud, Hartford city treasurer (endorsed Dubois-Walton)
Rodney Butler, chair of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation
Shawn Wooden, incumbent state treasurer
Endorsements
Results
Republican primary
Candidates
Nominee
Harry Arora, state representative from the 151st district (2020–) and Republican nominee for Connecticut's 4th congressional district in 2018
General election
Results
Notes
References
External links
Official campaign websites
Harry Arora (R) for Treasurer
Dita Bhargava (D) for Treasurer
Karen Dubois-Walton (D) for Treasurer
Erick Russell (D) for Treasurer
State Treasurer
Connecticut
Connecticut State Treasurer elections |
George Joseph Kirby (born February 4, 1998) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2022.
Amateur career
Kirby grew up a fan of the New York Yankees in Westchester County, New York. He attended Rye High School in Rye, where he played both baseball and basketball. As a sophomore baseball player in 2014, he threw 153 pitches in the NYSPHSAA Section 1 Class A championship game to beat Lakeland High School. Elon University began recruiting him to play college baseball in 2014. After his junior season in 2015, he was named to the New York State Sportswriters Association's All-State First Team for Class A as a pitcher and first baseman and The Journal News Westchester/Putnam All-Star First Team alongside Josiah Gray. As a senior in 2016, he went 6–0 with a 0.32 ERA and 73 strikeouts in innings and was again named to the All-State First Team. Although expected to be an early pick in the 2016 Major League Baseball draft, he fell to the New York Mets in the 32nd round because of signability concerns. He chose not to sign with the Mets and instead chose to attend Elon to play college baseball for the Elon Phoenix.
As a freshman at Elon in 2017, Kirby appeared in 16 games (five starts) and pitched to a 1–3 record with a 4.84 ERA, striking out 55 batters in innings. He was named to the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) All-Rookie Team. In 2018, as a sophomore, Kirby appeared and started in 15 games, going 10–3 with a 2.89 ERA and 96 strikeouts in innings. He earned a spot on the All-CAA Second Team. After the season, Kirby played in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Harwich Mariners where he posted a 1.38 ERA in 13 innings. Prior to the 2019 season, Kirby was named a preseason All-American by both Baseball America and Perfect Game. He was named the 2019 CAA Pitcher of the Year after going 8–2 with a 2.75 ERA in 14 starts, striking out 107 batters and walking only six in innings.
Professional career
Seattle Mariners
Minor Leagues
Considered to be one of the top prospects for the 2019 Major League Baseball draft, Kirby was drafted by the Seattle Mariners with the 20th overall pick. He signed with Seattle for $3.24 million. After signing, he was assigned to the Everett AquaSox of the Class A Short Season Northwest League, with whom he spent all of the 2019 season. Over nine games (eight starts), Kirby compiled a 2.35 ERA, striking out 25 over 23 innings. Kirby did not play a minor league game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To begin 2021, he returned to Everett, now members of the High-A West. In August, he was promoted to the Arkansas Travelers of the Double-A Central. Over 15 starts between the two clubs, Kirby compiled a 5–3 record and 2.53 ERA, striking out eighty batters over innings. Kirby returned to Arkansas to open the 2022 season.
2022
On May 8, 2022, the Mariners selected Kirby's contract and promoted him to the major leagues. He made his MLB debut that day as the starting pitcher versus the Tampa Bay Rays, and threw six scoreless innings in which he struck out seven batters.
On August 24, 2022, while pitching against the Washington Nationals, Kirby set an MLB record by throwing 24 consecutive strikes to start the game, the most by a major league pitcher since 1988. The previous record was set by Joe Musgrove in 2018 with 21 consecutive strikes.
He made his Postseason debut on October 8, 2022 in the Mariners 10-9 win over the Blue Jays in the 2nd and final game of the Wild Card Series. He came out of the bullpen to close out the game and the series in the bottom of the 9th. He gave up a one out walk to Matt Chapman, then retired the next two hitters to seal the game for the Mariners and advance them to the ALDS. His next Postseason appearance came in that ALDS against Houston, this time Seattle was down in the series two games to zero, and facing elimination. This time around, Kirby got the opportunity to start the game, and he pitched very good. He tossed seven scoreless innings, striking out five and walking none. He was pulled from the game prior to the 8th inning, with the score tied 0-0. The game remained tied going into the 18th inning, which set an MLB playoff record (broke the record set only a few days before in a game between Cleveland and Tampa Bay). The Mariners used nine more pitchers that game after Kirby, and the Astros didn't score until rookie shortstop Jeremy Pena's solo home run off of Mariners reliever Penn Murfee broke the tie and gave the Astros the lead, which they held on to.
Kirby finished 6th in the AL Rookie of the Year voting in 2022.
2023
Through his first fourteen starts of the 2023 season, he had 75 strikeouts and six walks in 87 2/3 innings for a MLB-leading 12.50 strikeout-to-walk ratio.
Kirby was named to his first All-Star game in 2023, joining the team as a replacement for the injured Shane McClanahan. He got to appear in front of his home fans in Seattle in the All-Star game, where he pitched the 4th inning, allowing two hits and one run.
After a loss to the Tampa Bay Rays on Friday, September 8, 2023, Kirby openly criticized his manager Scott Servais for leaving him in the game past the 6th inning. The next day, he apologized to Servais, saying "Skip, that's not who I am".
On September 26, 2023, Kirby was hit by a baseball that was thrown onto the field by a fan sitting behind the third base side dugout. The fan, who was wearing a jersey of Mariners outfielder Jarred Kelenic, was promptly identified and removed from the stadium by security.
During Kirby's final start of the 2023 regular season on October 1, 2023, facing Texas Rangers shortstop Corey Seager in the 4th inning, he tossed the first (and only to this point) knuckleball of his MLB career. He did this to honor the legacy of former Red Sox and Pirates pitcher Tim Wakefield, who had passed away earlier that day, who was famous for being a knuckleball pitcher. Kirby, who grew up a Yankees fan, always respected Wakefield, saying after the game "I always loved watching that guy pitch. even though he's a Red Sox player and I'm a born Yankees fan." The Mariners catcher who caught the pitch, Cal Raleigh, grew up a Red Sox fan.
Kirby finished the 2023 season with a 13-10 record and a 3.35 ERA across 31 starts and 190.2 innings. He struck out 172 batters, while walking a minuscule 19 batters. He lead all of the Major Leaugues in Walks Per 9 Innings (BB9) and Strikeout to Walk Ratio (SO/BB) with a 0.9 and a 9.05, respectively.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
American League All-Stars
Arkansas Travelers players
Baseball players from Westchester County, New York
Elon Phoenix baseball players
Everett AquaSox players
Harwich Mariners players
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Rye, New York
Seattle Mariners players
Tacoma Rainiers players |
The ISO61 (IsrA) RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA that is found between the abgR and ydaL genes in Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. It was discovered using a computational screen of the E. coli genome. Subsequent characterisation of ISO61 region has revealed that the reverse strand is actually a CsrA binding ncRNA called McaS and that it has a role in biofilm formation control. Furthermore, it has been shown that McaS(IsrA) exists as ribonucleoprotein particles (sRNPs), which involve a defined set of proteins including Hfq, S1, CsrA, ProQ and PNPase.
See also
IS102 RNA
IS128 RNA
References
External links
Non-coding RNA |
Matthew Otten (born December 8, 1981) is an American retired basketball player and current coach. He last held the position of head coach of Donar. Otten holds a Dutch passport as well and played the shooting guard position during his career.
Professional career
Otten was part of the GasTerra Flames in 2010 and 2011, the years in which the club won a Dutch cup and national championship. In the 2011–12 season, Otten played for Mersey Tigers in the United Kingdom. In 2012 Otten returned to the Netherlands in 2012, when he signed with Rotterdam Basketbal College. After one year with the club, his contract was renewed. His numbers rose in his second season in Rotterdam, as Otten averaged 13.4 points per game compared to 9.0 the previous season. In June 2014, Otten re-signed again with Challenge Sports Rotterdam.
After the 2014–15 season, Otten retired.
Coaching career
In 2015, Otten started his coaching career as assistant with Den Bosch.
Since June 2019, Otten is assistant coach of under Maurizio Buscaglia. He joined the team for EuroBasket 2022 in Prague.
On 9 August 2020, Otten signed as head coach for newly established club Basketball Community Gelderland, marking his debut as head coach in the Dutch Basketball League. Later, the club was named Yoast United. With Yoast, he managed to qualify for the final of the 2021 DBL Cup where the team lost to BAL Weert.
On May 25, 2021, Otten signed a two-year contract as the head coach of Donar, with the option for a third season. On March 20, 2022, he won the Dutch Cup with Donar, guiding the team to its first trophy since 2018. In the national playoffs, Donar was swept by rival Heroes Den Bosch in the semifinals; however, the team reached the BNXT playoff finals, where they lost to ZZ Leiden.
On October 13, shortly after the start of the 2022–23 season, Otten was fired by Donar after losing all pre-season games as well as the first two official games of the season.
Awards and accomplishments
As coach
Donar
Dutch Cup: (2022)
As player
Donar
Dutch Basketball League: (2010)
Dutch Cup: (2011)
References
1981 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Cyprus
American expatriate basketball people in the Netherlands
American expatriate basketball people in Switzerland
American expatriate basketball people in the United Kingdom
American men's basketball players
Apollon Limassol BC players
Cheshire Phoenix players
Donar (basketball club) players
Donar (basketball club) coaches
Dutch Basketball League players
Dutch men's basketball players
Dutch basketball coaches
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Lugano Tigers players
Mersey Tigers players
Feyenoord Basketball players
San Francisco State Gators men's basketball players
Shooting guards
Basketball players from Las Vegas
Yoast United coaches |
SS Lituania may refer to one of two ships associated with the Russian American Line:
, the former East Asiatic Company ship Kina; renamed Lituania in 1907 when transferred to the Russian American Line
, the former Czaritsa (sometimes spelled Tsarina) for the Russian American Line; renamed Lituania when transferred to the Baltic American Line in 1921
Ship names |
The Bowen Baronetcy, of Colworth in the County of Bedford, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 10 January 1921 for Albert Bowen. He was President of the Buenos Aires Great South Railway Company and a justice of the peace and high sheriff for Bedfordshire. The title descended from father to son until the early death of his grandson, the third Baronet, in 1939. The late Baronet was succeeded by his younger brother, the fourth Baronet. As of 2014 the baronetcy is held by the latter's grandson, the sixth Baronet, who succeeded in that year.
Bowen baronets, of Colworth (1921)
Sir Albert Edward Bowen, 1st Baronet (1858–1924)
Sir Edward Crowther Bowen, 2nd Baronet (1885–1937)
Sir John Edward Mortimer Bowen, 3rd Baronet (1918–1939)
Sir Thomas Frederic Charles Bowen, 4th Baronet (1921–1989)
Sir Mark Edward Mortimer Bowen, 5th Baronet (1958–2014)
Sir George Edward Michael Bowen, 6th Baronet (born 1987)
The heir presumptive is the present holder's cousin Michael Edward Bowen (born 1944).
References
www.thepeerage.com
Bowen |
Shewell is both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
Eryn Shewell, American self-taught jazz and blues guitarist and vocalist
Shewell Cooper (1900–1982), British organic gardener and pioneer of no dig gardening
Tanya Thornton Shewell (born 1944), American politician |
9 Songs is a 2004 British art romantic drama film written and directed by Michael Winterbottom. The film stars Kieran O'Brien and Margo Stilley. The title refers to the nine songs played by eight different rock bands that complement the story of the film.
The film was controversial upon original release due to its sexual content, which included unsimulated footage of the two leads, Kieran O'Brien and Margo Stilley, having sexual intercourse and performing oral sex as well as a scene of ejaculation. The film was showcased at the Cannes Film Festival.
Plot
The film tells the modern love story set over a period of 12 months in London, England, of a young couple: Matt, a British climatologist, and Lisa, an American exchange student. The story is from Matt's perspective in retrospect when he is working in Antarctica. The film more or less alternates between numerous explicit scenes of sex, and rock concerts, which they mostly attend together. It also shows their weekend getaway into the countryside, their travels around London, and a trip to a strip club. The sex scenes show a variety of different sex acts including fellatio, cunnilingus, female masturbation, masturbation with feet, many scenes of vaginal penetration, and a scene of male ejaculation. There are also scenes where Lisa is blindfolded, and one where Lisa role plays a dominatrix, complete with leather high heels and a whip. At the end of the film, Lisa brings their short and intense relationship to an end at Christmas time when she returns to the United States.
Cast
Kieran O'Brien as Matt
Margo Stilley as Lisa
The nine songs
"Whatever Happened to My Rock and Roll", Black Rebel Motorcycle Club
"C'mon, C'mon", The Von Bondies
"Fallen Angel", Elbow
"Movin' on Up", Primal Scream
"You Were the Last High", The Dandy Warhols
"Slow Life", Super Furry Animals
"Jacqueline", Franz Ferdinand
"Debbie", Michael Nyman
"Love Burns", Black Rebel Motorcycle Club
Production
On the first day of filming in the fall of 2003, Margo Stilley and Kieran O'Brien shot a scene where they are just kissing and taking their clothes off. "It wasn't until after lunch that we had sex," O'Brien recalls. As would happen throughout the shoot, Winterbottom left little to chance. "He really mapped out everything," O'Brien says. "The order he wanted me to take off my clothes, her clothes, whether my socks stayed on or not. He had specific ideas of how he wanted our bodies to move. Sometimes, he would start us and then stop and say, 'Let's try this from a slightly different angle,' and then take 15 minutes to reset the shot. I wondered if he remembered the delicate machinery of the male sex organ."
Reception
Derek Malcolm of The Guardian praised the film: "Nine Songs looks like a porn movie, but it feels like a love story. The sex is used as a metaphor for the rest of the couple's relationship. And it is shot with Winterbottom's customary sensitivity."
Radio Times gave a lackluster review, awarding it two stars out of five and claiming: "From the hot, blurry chaos of the gigs to the sparsely furnished flat where the couple unite, this is very much an exercise in style over content. As such, some will find it a rewarding art house experiment with much to recommend it, others watching simply for the explicit and unsimulated lovemaking may well find it boring and pretentious."
Writing for East Bay Express, Luke Y. Thompson claimed: "Michael Winterbottom delivers the sex, and not much else." He continued: "Though there isn't much narrative in effect, Winterbottom does quite literally build to a climax...O'Brien is well endowed, while Stilley is all natural...If the movie were any longer, the onscreen events might become a lot more tedious, but there are just enough different things each time to avoid dull repetition. You may have seen a handjob onscreen, for instance, but have you ever seen a foot job? It's interesting, to say the least."
9 Songs holds a positive score of 24% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 97 reviews with an average rating of 4.38/10. The site's consensus states: "The unerotic sex scenes quickly become tedious to watch, and the lovers lack the personality necessary to make viewers care about them."
Controversy
According to The Guardian, 9 Songs is the most sexually explicit mainstream film to date, largely because it includes several scenes of real sex between the two lead actors. The film is unusual in that it features its lead actors, Margo Stilley and Kieran O'Brien, actually had sex on set, much of which is shown clearly in the film, including genital fondling, masturbation with and without a vibrator (including a footjob in a bathtub scene), penetrative vaginal sex, cunnilingus and fellatio. During a scene in which Stilley gives O'Brien a handjob after performing fellatio on him, O'Brien became the only actor who has been shown ejaculating in a mainstream, UK-produced feature. To avoid a possible pregnancy, O'Brien wore a condom on his erect penis during the vaginal sex but not while receiving oral sex. Margo Stilley initially asked Winterbottom to refer to her simply by her character's name in interviews about the film.
The release sparked a debate over whether the scenes of explicit sex artistically contributed to the film's meaning or crossed the border into pornography. In the United Kingdom, the film received an 18 certificate from the British Board of Film Classification and became the most explicit mainstream film to be so rated in the country. MP Ann Widdecombe complained about the film in the UK House of Commons and calling on the Home Secretary to reverse the decision to release it uncut.
In Australia, the Office of Film and Literature Classification gave the film an X rating, which would have prevented the film from being shown theatrically and restricted sale of the film to the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory. The OFLC Review Board later passed the film with an R rating, although the South Australian Classification Council raised the rating back to X in South Australia.
In New Zealand, while the Society for the Promotion of Community Standards lobbied for the film to be kept out of cinemas, it was passed uncut at R18 by the Office of Film and Literature Classification. The film was broadcast on New Zealand pay TV Rialto Channel in July 2007.
In June 2008, the film was broadcast on Dutch national television by the public broadcasting station VPRO.
See also
Unsimulated sex
References
Further reading
Frey, Mattias. (2016) Extreme Cinema: The Transgressive Rhetoric of Today’s Art Film Culture. London: Rutgers University Press.
Johnson, Beth. (2016) ‘Sex, Drugs and Rock and Roll: Analysing Aesthetics, Performance and Pleasure in 9 Songs’, in L. Coleman (ed.) Sex and Storytelling in Modern Cinema: Explicit Sex, Performance and Cinematic Technique. London ; New York, NY: I.B.Tauris, pp. 137–158.
Kenny, Oliver. (2022) ‘Breaking Conventions? Political Ideology of Films With Explicit Sex’, Open Screens, 5(1), pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.16995/OS.8008
Krzywinska, Tanya. (2006) Sex and the Cinema. London: Wallflower.
Williams, Linda. (2007) ‘Hard-Core Art Film: The Contemporary Realm of the Senses’, Quaderns portàtils, (13), pp. 1–20.
Williams, Linda. (2008) Screening Sex. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Williams, Melanie. (2006) ‘9 Songs’, Film Quarterly, 59(3), pp. 59–63.
External links
9 Songs at Yahoo! Movies
9 Songs at The New York Times
Films about sexuality
2004 films
2000s erotic drama films
2004 independent films
2004 romantic drama films
British romantic drama films
2000s English-language films
Films directed by Michael Winterbottom
Films set in London
Films shot in London
Films shot in Norway
British independent films
British erotic drama films
Obscenity controversies in film
British musical films
Concert films
2000s British films |
Frywałd is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzeszowice, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Krzeszowice and west of the regional capital Kraków.
References
Villages in Kraków County |
Christine Choi Yuk-lin (; born 29 September 1966), is the current Secretary for Education in Hong Kong, formerly the principal of and vice-chairlady of Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers.
Choi ran in two elections in 2016 but was both defeated. She was also appointed as government committee members. Her negative remarks on Cantonese, the mother language of Hongkongers, was slammed by some critics.
Early career
Choi graduated from Workers' Children Secondary School (Primary Section) (旺角勞工子弟學校小學部) in 1979, and in 1985. After graduating with a bachelor in Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Choi continued her academic path in the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) for studying education and linguistics, and in HKBU for Chinese language and literature.
After becoming an educational worker, Choi worked as teachers in various schools and as visiting professors for three universities in China, and later joined the Education Bureau. While in the Bureau, Choi called for the Chinese professionals to station in Hong Kong schools to promote Mandarin. In September 2013, Choi was appointed as the principal of Fukien Secondary School (Siu Sai Wan).
Choi was also the vice-chairlady of Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers (HKFEW), a pro-Beijing union, while writing in Ta Kung Pao, a newspaper some described as the Beijing mouthpiece, and other newspaper commenting on educational issues.
Political career
Defeat in elections
In June 2016, Choi announced to run as an independent candidate in the legislative election through the education constituency. She slammed both then-Education Secretary Eddie Ng and pan-democracy MP for education constituency Ip Kin-yuen for doing nothing. Her election campaign was marred by law-breaking accusation and was probed by the police for "technical mistakes". Choi was defeated after receiving 28% of votes.
Later that year in November, Choi ran in the Election Committee election which would select the Chief Executive. While once again defeated with 23% of votes only, she received second most votes amongst the pro-Beijing candidates.
Education Undersecretary
In June 2017, media reported Choi could be appointed as the Under Secretary for Education. Her pro-Beijing background was questioned while pro-democracy camp and other critics said her election defeats marked her unpopularity. Politihk Social Strategic and other pro-Beijing organisations, on the other hand, supported the appointment for "depoliticising" education. The appointment was later announced by the Government in August 2017, confirming the reports. She therefore resigned as secondary school principal and vice-chairmanship of HKFEW.
Education Secretary
Choi was promoted to the Education Secretary on 1 July 2022 succeeding Kevin Yeung. Her appointment came after the overhaul of education environment, including the political test for new teachers and the introduction of patriotic education.
Putonghua
Some expressed concern as she downplayed the role of Cantonese, the mother language of Hongkongers, and emphasized on Chinese Mandarin. Choi once claimed in 2014 Cantonese is only a dialect of China and not an official language, spurring criticism and Choi eventually apologized. Within a month after assuming office, Choi advocated all schools in Hong Kong to teach Chinese Language in Mandarin instead of the mostly-used Cantonese, and said not speaking Mandarin is "disadvantageous". A survey done in August 2022 showed that over 70% of 18-29 year olds disagreed with teaching Putonghua in school.
National security
In August 2022, after more than 50% of CUHK students walked out of a national security seminar during their orientation, Choi said the students should treasure the learning opportunity.
In August 2022, Choi also said new public school teachers must pass a Basic Law test, including topics on national security.
In September 2022, a survey of teachers and principals showed that less than 30% of them considered the national security education program as effective.
COVID-19
On 27 August 2022, Choi said that if COVID-19 cases continued to rise in Hong Kong, secondary schools may be banned from having full-day in-person classes. A day later, in response, school principals urged the government to maintain full-day classes, against Choi's idea. A medical expert, also serving as Chair Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Hong Kong, also said that face to face classes should not be suspended. Chu Kwok-keung, a lawmaker, also commented and said it would be "more dangerous" if schools were reduced from full-day classes to half-day classes.
Choi also said that schools would need to provide the Education Bureau with vaccination data on their students, but that the data would not be published.
An SCMP editorial discussed a recent trend of higher suicide rates among students in Hong Kong, and said experts believe the higher rate was linked to the city's pandemic measures, including school closures and moving to half-day classes instead of full-day classes.
In October 2022, SCMP reported that schools will have relaxed vaccine requirements, after the Education Bureau faced "pressure" from lawmakers, who criticized the government for not providing a timeline on resumption of normal school schedules.
In December 2022, Choi announced that full-day in-person classes would resume regardless of vaccination rates, dropping the previous requirement that 90% of students be vaccinated.
Teachers
In September 2022, Hong Kong Free Press reported that the latest government figures showed more than 4,000 teachers quit their jobs in the past school year, a 5-year high and 70% increase from the year before. Choi said that there was a "slightly higher" attrition rate. On 13 September 2022, the Hong Kong Association of the Heads of Secondary Schools appealed to Chief Executive John Lee, stating that there was serious brain drain of teachers, and that the situation is worse than previously reported.
In October 2022, Choi said that guidelines had been drafted that "will state clearly what teachers should and should not do, as well as some serious, unacceptable red lines." On 25 October 2022, Choi said that her department wanted to protect students from being bullied or insulted by teachers.
In December 2022, after guidelines were released that said teachers should protect national security, Choi was asked whether it would contribute to more teachers quitting their jobs; Choi responded by saying teachers quit for different reasons.
Personal life
Choi, a Protestant, was married to Poon Hei-yan in 1990. They had two sons, including Peter Choi, the elder son.
On 7 September 2017, Peter Choi, aged 25 who had depression, committed suicide by jumping. The death soon turned into a political issue as two students in the Education University of Hong Kong celebrated his death, which the Chief Executive Carrie Lam strongly condemned. Similar celebratory remarks also appeared on the democracy wall of the City University of Hong Kong.
In July 2022, Choi attended a seminar on learning "the spirit of Xi's important speech."
Electoral performances
References
Heads of schools in Hong Kong
Government officials of Hong Kong
1966 births
Living people |
Pastor Bolaji Idowu (born 1978) is the Lead Pastor of Harvesters International Christian Center, in Lagos, Nigeria. He founded the Harvesters Center, a multi-faith church, in December 2003, and is a frequent speaker on religious matters. He has also spoken on political matters.
Idowu convenes Next Level Prayers, an online interdenominational prayer community which averages 50,000 attendees daily.
References
Nigerian Pentecostal pastors
Living people
1981 births |
Reed Connell Durham, Jr. (born 1930) is a historian of the Latter Day Saint movement and former director of the Institute of Religion in Salt Lake City, Utah for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Durham is remembered for a controversial speech given in 1974 about Freemasonry and the Latter Day Saint movement.
Biography
Durham was born in Long Beach, California. He was one of the four children of Reed C. Durham, Sr. and Violet E. Cottrell. His father was a professor at Utah State University in Logan, Utah and served as bishop in the LDS Church three times. As a young man, Reed Jr. served as an LDS missionary for two years.
Durham married Faye Lenore Davis and they began having children while he attended college in Logan.
Education
Having earlier attended school in California, Durham's higher education was in Utah. He received his M.S. from the Department of Speech at Utah State Agricultural College in 1957 (the year it became Utah State University), followed by his Ph.D. in history from Brigham Young University (BYU) in 1965, writing his dissertation on the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible. Historian Donald Q. Cannon considered Durham's dissertation part of the "major scholarly contribution to the study of Mormon history" that occurred during the 1960s.
Church Educational System
Durham began teaching for the Church Educational System (CES) in 1955 while attending school in Logan. After receiving his master's degree, he stayed in Logan and in 1958 became associate director of the LDS Church's Institute of Religion adjacent to Utah State University. He was elected as a national vice president of Lambda Delta Sigma, the LDS fraternity, in 1959. By 1966 he was associate director of the Institute adjacent to the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, where he would serve for years as Institute Director and coordinator of Seminaries and Institutes throughout the Salt Lake Valley.
Durham has taught religion at BYU and in 1972 he was awarded the Division Faculty Teaching Award by the BYU Division of Continuing Education.
In addition to his church employment, Durham served in various ecclesiastical positions. For a time he taught Sunday school in his local ward (congregation) and he also was a member of the Sunday School General Board, planning and overseeing the church-wide Sunday School program. He also served in various auxiliaries and in two stake high councils.
Historical community
Durham was active in the historical community. In the 1960s he was involved with the Organization of American Historians. In 1970 Durham was one of several prominent LDS historians forming a committee that consulted the creation of the LDS Church Historical Department. Durham was an early supporter of Sunstone magazine, which was founded in 1974 by a former student. In 1974 Durham took a year off as Institute Director to work on a book in the church's 16-volume sesquicentennial history to be published in 1980.
In the Mormon History Association (MHA) Durham served as its eighth president, from 1973–74, and second executive secretary, from 1969–71. While he was president, the MHA launched the Journal of Mormon History, whose inaugural issue received criticism from some CES personnel for an article by Jan Shipps about Joseph Smith. In 1974 he delivered a controversial presidential speech to the MHA which startled the LDS historical community, causing Durham to issue a letter of clarification and withdraw from future participation in the MHA.
Later life
After his year of research ended, Durham was offered the choice of returning as the Director of the Salt Lake Institute or a promotion to area director of LDS educational programs. He turned both down so he could focus on research and full-time Institute teaching, which he did for years.
By 1991 Durham had been living in Logan, Utah where he still taught for CES. In 1994 and 1995 he taught at BYU's travel study program in Nauvoo, Illinois, and he was a service missionary at Brigham Young University–Hawaii from 1996 to 1999. In 2009 he taught a class on the Book of Mormon to single adults in Providence, near Logan.
1974 Nauvoo speech
At the Mormon History Association (MHA) conference in Nauvoo, Illinois, on April 20, 1974, Durham delivered his presidential address on the connections of Mormonism and Freemasonry, entitled "Is There No Help for the Widow's Son?". During a thunder storm that day, Durham discussed Masonic parallels with the LDS priesthood, the Masonic Enoch Legend, the occultic Jupiter Medallion attributed to Joseph Smith, and Masonic elements in Mormon temple design and ceremony. About the temple ceremony, Durham famously stated:There is absolutely no question in my mind that the Mormon ceremony which came to be known as the Endowment, introduced by Joseph Smith to Mormon Masons initially, just a little over one month after he became a Mason, had an immediate inspiration from Masonry. This is not to suggest that no other source of inspiration could have been involved, but the similarities between the two ceremonies are so apparent and overwhelming that some dependent relationship cannot be denied.
Durham said he was attempting to raise questions and he appealed to the historical community to clarify Joseph Smith's relationship to folk magic and Masonry, rather than burying their heads "in the traditional sand".
Reaction
Jan Shipps said the speech ignited an explosion, leaving attendees in a "tension-filled aftershock". It was the only time she saw Leonard J. Arrington angry, who had worked for years to open the church archives and now feared they would be closed. The next day, the Nauvoo Visitors' Center removed a Nauvoo Temple weather vane display, which Durham had shown in slides for its Masonic symbols.
The speech seemed to support critics who wanted to discredit Mormonism. Durham's leaders were upset and he was rumored to have been disciplined. Durham denied that his church membership was ever threatened and he was even offered a promotion with CES, where he continued his career. The church had asked him "to do no more with the subject again" and "not to release information" and he declined public comment. His paper went unpublished and he ceased involvement in the MHA.
Letter
After friends and colleagues criticized his conclusions and questioned his faith, Durham circulated a letter to all participants. He stated that he had been misunderstood by not incorporating his faith into the speech. He reasserted his belief in Joseph Smith, the temple ceremonies and divine revelation.
Many saw this as an apology. LDS writer Matthew B. Brown asserted that Durham's letter admitted to limited research and insufficient skill and knowledge.
Legacy
Durham's speech became famous and made him into "a kind of pivotal figure in the Mormon (LDS) Church". It is still cited by critics of the Mormon temple rites, though his colleague Gilbert W. Scharffs believes Durham's statements have been exaggerated. While Durham didn't publish his paper, unauthorized transcripts were made and circulated as the "underground presidential address", though Durham's notes and citations were absent.
Looking back during the 1980s, Durham privately wished he had presented some material differently, noting that the evidence for the Jupiter Talisman was actually quite weak. Matthew B. Brown claimed that Durham had abandoned his speech's claims.
The speech is seen as one factors in the LDS Church's waning tolerance toward open and revisionist history during the 1970s and 1980s. It is thought to be one reason CES began to discourage its faculty from involvement in the MHA.
Some Mormon historians, such as D. Michael Quinn, built upon the speech to argue that early Mormonism was heavily influenced by folk magic. Jan Shipps believed the speech was part of Mark Hofmann's inspiration in creating the Salamander Letter, a hoax document which seemed to support Quinn's and Durham's work linking Joseph Smith's religious experiences with "magic".
Historical approach
Durham was known for his unorthodox approach and research into LDS history and controversy. Scott Kenney, one of Durham's Institute students who would later found Sunstone magazine, was inspired to study theology and teach Institute because of Durham's classroom explorations of controversial issues in a historical context, which highlighted the humanistic elements of the church.
Despite his position as a local religious teacher for the church in his area, Durham was on good terms with Jerald and Sandra Tanner, well-known opponents of Mormonism, and was known to have purchased materials from them. In a 1972 speech he explained how he is motivated by the Tanner's criticisms: I can't help but think that when they raise these issues it does something to us to have to defend... When I see something that counters what I've been taught or what I know or what I understand or what I feel, the way to counter research...unpleasant to me is not by sticking my head in the sand like an ostrich, but by more research. I may have to revamp, and knowledge sometimes is a dangerous thing. But I will revamp, and I will understand better my heritage. ...what I'm trying to say is that they have become, in a sense, catalysts to sharpen our own historical understanding. We've had to get on the stick and do some study, and do some homework that sometimes we haven't done.
In 1992, Durham remembered explaining to Sandra Tanner how he reconciled LDS historical controversies with his faith in the 1960s:I explained to Sandra that I look at revelation as a process and that line upon line a church or a prophet or anyone for that matter can learn and improve. I told her that we all make mistakes and errors and said, 'But Sandra, you look at it differently. If you find one little mistake with a church or a prophet you believe they cannot be of God. I see a process of growing and learning. God sometimes has trouble helping us because of our limitations, not his. Oh sure, he could coerce us, but he doesn't and so we can only progress as fast as our limitations let us.'
His colleague Gilbert W. Scharffs said, "I have seldom found a man with a firmer conviction of Jesus Christ and the LDS Church. There are few in the LDS Church who have a deeper knowledge of LDS history and doctrine than Reed C. Durham, Jr."
Works
Books
.
In 1972 the LDS Church planned a new sixteen-volume sesquicentennial history to be published in 1980, and Durham was commissioned to write the volume on the crossing of the Great Plains. However, these contracts were all canceled in 1981 and Durham's volume was never published, though he did write an article on the subject for the Encyclopedia of Mormonism and two journal articles on the Mormon pioneer sojourn in Iowa.
Papers
.
.
.
.
. Unpublished manuscript in the BYU Harold B. Lee Library.
. Presidential Address. (Unauthorized publication by Mervin B. Hogan as "An Underground Presidential Address".)
. Privately circulated letter.
.
Articles
Also printed in Pioneer (1996)
Also published in: BYU Studies 21:4 (Fall 1981)
Also printed in BYU Studies 21:4 (Fall 1981)
Notes
References
.
.
.
.
.
.
Further reading
.
External links
The Reed C. Durham Papers, at the University of Utah
1930 births
20th-century Mormon missionaries
21st-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Church Educational System instructors
Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement
Latter Day Saints from California
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Living people
Mormonism-related controversies
Sunday School (LDS Church) people
Utah State University alumni
Writers from Logan, Utah
Writers from Long Beach, California
Historians from California
21st-century American male writers |
Robert Tonner (born July 14, 1952) is an American entrepreneur, fashion designer, sculptor, doll artist and owner of Tonner Doll Company, Inc. and the Effanbee Doll Company, Inc.
Robert Tonner is best known for his fashion doll designs and the creation of the Tonner Doll Company, which designs a number of original doll lines, such as the Tyler Wentworth and Antoinette series. In addition, Tonner Doll Company Inc. contracts with and designs for many major film studios. They have designed dolls for such contemporary films as Harry Potter, Spider-Man 3, and Twilight, as well as classic films, such as Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz.
Robert Tonner has received national and international artistic awards and recognition including a permanent piece at The Louvre Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris. He has also served as President of the National Institute of American Doll Artist (NIADA).
Early life
Robert Tonner was born as a twin, to a working-class family in Bluffton, Indiana. Martin Tonner, his father, was a self-educated engineer, and his mother, Virginia, a housewife. Robert has one older brother, John; his twin brother, David; and a younger sister, Mary.
Tonner's mother Virginia was plagued with several illnesses throughout her life, including; epilepsy, encephalitis, cancer of the kidney and myasthenia gravis. The continual cost of his mother's health-care would lead to very low economic and family stability throughout Tonner's childhood.
As a child, Tonner turned to drawing and television as an escape from the difficult home-situation. Programs such as The Mickey Mouse Club, The Wonderful World of Disney, Bonanza, Bewitched, as well as many comic book superheroes, such as the members of The Justice League, would be his greatest inspiration. At the age of eight, Tonner learned to sew.
Tonner began his college career as a pre-med major, attending three different universities. However, in 1973 the struggling student abandoned his goal of becoming a surgeon and decided to pursue his true passion of becoming a fashion designer. That same year he would attend the Parsons School of Design in New York City.
Fashion career
In 1975, at the age of 23, Tonner was hired as the Personal Assistant to Don Sayres, a designer for Gamut, a sportswear company located in New York City. After three years with Gamut, Tonner accepted a position with fashion designer Bill Blass and was later asked to head the Blassport label. In 1983 Tonner launched his personal fashion label, "Robert Tonner for Tudor Square".
After leaving the fashion industry, Tonner joined the National Institute of American Doll Artists (NIADA). He served as Standards chairman from 1991 to 1995 and was later elected President of NIADA 1995, a post which he held until 1997.
Tonner launched Robert Tonner Doll Design (RTDD) in 1991 with his partner, Harris Safier. The first RTDD designs were introduced at the American International Toy Fair that same year. Backed by past connections within the NIADA and fashion design world, and the aggressive publicizing by Tonner's partner Harris, RTDD saw exponential growth within the first few years. In 2000, RTDD was renamed Tonner Doll Company, Inc.
In 2006, Robert Tonner created the direct-marketing company Wilde Imagination, which built a collectible fashion doll design business based on Tonner's fictional character Ellowyne Wilde. Wilde Imagination continues to market direct to the consumer with new collections featuring Evangeline Ghastly and licensed pop-culture dolls based on The Wizard of Oz film.
Recently, Tonner has returned to the world of fashion design with the introduction of the Robert Tonner 2010 Spring Collection, which debuted on September 9, 2009, at the Metropolitan Pavilion in New York City.
Current activities
Today, Robert Tonner resides in the Mid-Hudson River Valley town of Stone Ridge, New York with his family. An avid reader and pop-culture connoisseur, Tonner spends a great deal of time traveling for business. However, he much prefers the comforts of home, where one of his hobbies includes collecting original illustration art. Tonner is still the owner and director of Tonner Doll Company, Inc., while also working on his self-funded clothing line. He has also expressed interest in developing a line of toys for children.
Still a member of NIADA, although no longer explicitly active, Tonner also belongs to the National Toy and Doll Collectors' Club in New York City, and is a sitting member of the Kingston Hospital Foundation in Kingston New York.
Publications
Robert Tonner Inspirations, a personal guided tour through the culture that shaped the acclaimed doll designer's career and creations.The Robert Tonner Story: Dreams and Dolls'', by Stephanie Finnegan.
References
External links
Official website
Twilight Lexicon Interview
Robert Tonner's Official Blog
Wilde Imagination
The Effanbee Doll Company Inc. Official Website
1952 births
Living people
American fashion designers
Dollmakers
People from Bluffton, Indiana
American twins |
T: The New York Times Style Magazine is a perfect-bound magazine publication of The New York Times newspaper dedicated to fashion, living, beauty, holiday, travel, and design coverage. It was launched in August 2004. It was published 13 times per year between 2013 and 2016, and since January 2017 has been published 11 times per year. It is distributed with the Sunday edition of the newspaper. Janet Froelich was creative director until 2009. T is not a supplement of The New York Times Magazine, but a distinct publication with its own staff.
Since December 2007, an international edition has been distributed with the weekend edition of The New York Times International Edition (or International New York Times, formerly the International Herald Tribune). In 2010, its first country-specific edition, T Qatar was launched by Ravi Raman. It was followed by T China, T Japan, T Singapore and T Spain the first licensed edition in the European market.
Editorship
Stefano Tonchi was editor until 2010; his replacement was Sally Singer. Singer left in 2012 and was replaced by Deborah Needleman. In 2013, Brendan Monaghan was announced as the first publisher, whilst Monaghan and Sebastian Tomich were jointly named vice presidents of advertising. Monaghan departed T in 2015 and in March 2016, former Women's Health Associate Publisher, Elizabeth Webbe Lunny joined the magazine as Vice President and Publisher.
Deborah Needleman left T in late November 2016, after four years in the position. Executive editor Whitney Vargas was filling in for Needleman in the interim, but Vargas left the magazine in February. T's previous articles editor Nick Haramis recently took the job of editor-in-chief of Interview magazine. Under Needleman's leadership, T underwent a redesign and increased its ad pages. The luxury magazine had its ad pages grow by 30 percent in the first three quarters of 2016, compared to the same period in 2012, to 934 pages, according to Business of Fashion. Since the editorial departures, T’s advertising business under Lunny has largely been down with steep declines in paging in key 2017 Women's & Men's Spring Fashion issues.
In 2017, Hanya Yanagihara took the helm as the editor-in-chief of T.
Awards
The American Society of Magazine Editors' National Magazine Awards, sometimes known as "Ellies," were given to the New York Times Style Magazine and the New York Times Magazine in 2019. Both publications are owned by the same company. In 2021, the New York Times Style Magazine won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence, Service, and Lifestyle, one of the most prestigious honors given by the American Society of Magazine Editors each year. Mamadi Doumbouya, a photographer who works with the Magazine, was named a recipient of an ASME Next award. T also had a finalist in the video category for "Long Island’s Enduring Black Beachfront Community," directed by Joshua Kissi.
References
External links
Lifestyle magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2004
Magazines published in New York City
The New York Times
Newspaper supplements
Sunday magazines |
```xml
import * as React from 'react';
import type { Meta } from '@storybook/react';
import { ProgressBar } from '@fluentui/react-progress';
import { Steps } from 'storywright';
import { makeStyles } from '@griffel/react';
import {
getStoryVariant,
withStoryWrightSteps,
TestWrapperDecoratorFixedWidth,
DARK_MODE,
HIGH_CONTRAST,
RTL,
} from '../utilities';
const useStyles = makeStyles({
paused: {
'& *': {
animationPlayState: 'paused !important',
animationDelay: '-1s !important',
},
},
});
export default {
title: 'ProgressBar converged',
decorators: [
TestWrapperDecoratorFixedWidth,
story => withStoryWrightSteps({ story, steps: new Steps().snapshot('default', { cropTo: '.testWrapper' }).end() }),
],
} satisfies Meta<typeof ProgressBar>;
export const IndeterminateThickness = () => (
<div className={useStyles().paused} style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', rowGap: '20px' }}>
<ProgressBar />
<ProgressBar thickness="large" />
</div>
);
IndeterminateThickness.storyName = 'Indeterminate + thickness';
export const IndeterminateThicknessDarkMode = getStoryVariant(IndeterminateThickness, DARK_MODE);
export const IndeterminateThicknessHighContrast = getStoryVariant(IndeterminateThickness, HIGH_CONTRAST);
export const IndeterminateThicknessRTL = getStoryVariant(IndeterminateThickness, RTL);
export const DeterminateThickness = () => (
<div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', rowGap: '20px' }}>
<ProgressBar value={0.5} />
<ProgressBar value={0.5} thickness="large" />
</div>
);
DeterminateThickness.storyName = 'Determinate + thickness';
export const DeterminateThicknessDarkMode = getStoryVariant(DeterminateThickness, DARK_MODE);
export const DeterminateThicknessHighContrast = getStoryVariant(DeterminateThickness, HIGH_CONTRAST);
export const DeterminateThicknessRTL = getStoryVariant(DeterminateThickness, RTL);
export const Error = () => <ProgressBar value={0.5} color="error" />;
export const Warning = () => <ProgressBar value={0.5} color="warning" />;
export const Success = () => <ProgressBar value={1} color="success" />;
``` |
A hypothetical star is a star, or type of star, that is speculated to exist but has yet to be definitively observed. Hypothetical types of stars have been conjectured to exist, have existed or will exist in the future universe.
Types
Scientifically speculated hypothetical types include:
Specific stars
Specific hypothetical stars include:
See also
Hypothetical astronomical object
References
Further reading
Schunck, F.E. and E.W. Mielke: "General relativistic boson stars", Class. Quantum. Grav. Vol. 20, R301 - R356 (2003) |
Nanohammus alboplagiatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1944. It is known from Malaysia and Borneo.
References
Lamiini
Beetles described in 1944 |
Manoj Bhawuk (born 2 January 1976) is an Indian poet writing in Bhojpuri, actor, television presenter and screenwriter, active in Bhojpuri cinema. He has been awarded by Filmfare & Femina Bhojpuri Icons in the category of ″Outstanding Contribution in Literature″. He has written many awarded books. He promotes Bhojpuri language and literature. Bhawuk has been the Project Head of Zee TV's reality show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa (Bhojpuri). He is a diploma holder in theatre acting and has acted in TV shows, films and serials. He has been awarded national and international honors. Manoj Bhawuk is the first person who thoroughly researched and documented history of Bhojpuri Cinema and published in various magazines. His book 'Bhojpuri Cinema ke Sansaar' is going to publish in both Hindi & Bhojpuri languages.
Career
Bhawuk studied engineering at the Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology and worked as an engineer for a time. He was later a journalist with Doordarshan.
He received the Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad Award in 2006 for his ghazal collection Tasveer zindagi ke.
In 2017 he began to work with Anjan TV and Mahua Plus.
Bhawuk was conferred with the Geetanjali Sahitya Award on 1 September 2018 in Birmingham, United Kingdom by Gitanjali Multilingual Literary Circle, UK for his work and contribution to Bhojpuri Literature. He received the Lokbhasha Samman (लोकभाषा सम्मान) for his innumerous contributions in Bhojpuri literature by Kailash Gautam Srijan Sansthan, constituted in memory of popular poet Kailash Gautam.
Manoj Bhawuk is also chief editor of e-magazines named Bhojpuria and Bhojpuri Junction. He is the director of Achievers Junction dedicated to the legends of the world.
Awards
Honored by Filmfare & Femina Bhojpuri Reel and Real Icons Award for his outstanding contribution in Literature.
Won the Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad Award 2006 by Gulzar and Girija Devi for the book for Tasveer Zindagi Ke
Won the International Bhojpuri Gaurav Samman, Mauritius 2014 by Sir Anerood Jugnauth, the Prime Minister of Mauritius
Received the Parikalpana Lok Bhushan Samman in Kathmandu, Nepal (First time this award was given for Bhojpuri literature) in 2013
Geetanjali Sahitya Award on 1 September 2018 in Birmingham, United Kingdom by Gitanjali Multilingual Literary Circle, UK for his work and contribution to Bhojpuri Literature.
Kailash Gautam Kavya-Kunth Lokbhasha Samman on 27 December 2022 by Kailash Gautam Srijan Sansthan
Personal Life
Manoj Bhawuk was born on 2 January 1976 in Kausad village of Siwan district of Bihar. His father Ramdev Singh was a labor leader, and his mother is a homemaker. His father was the first union leader of Hindalco, Renukoot, so Manoj spent his childhood in Renukoot. Manoj completed his schooling from Hindalco High School. He started writing poems and stories from his early age.
He married Anita Singh in 2005 and now they have two children Himanshu and Shivanshu.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Indian television presenters
Male actors from Bihar
People from Siwan district
People from Bihar
Indian male poets
Poets from Bihar
21st-century Indian poets |
This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 24th United States Congress listed by seniority.
As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 24th Congress (March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837). Current seats and party affiliations on the List of current members of the United States House of Representatives by seniority will be different for certain members.
Seniority depends on the date on which members were sworn into office. Since many members are sworn in on the same day, subsequent ranking is based on previous congressional service of the individual and then by alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman.
Committee chairmanship in the House is often associated with seniority. However, party leadership is typically not associated with seniority.
Note: The "*" indicates that the representative/delegate may have served one or more non-consecutive terms while in the House of Representatives of the United States Congress.
U.S. House seniority list
Delegates
See also
24th United States Congress
List of United States congressional districts
List of United States senators in the 24th Congress by seniority
References
United States Congressional Elections 1788–1997, by Michael J. Dubin (McFarland and Company 1998)
External links
Office of the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives
24 |
Abraham Palatnik (2 February 1928 – 9 May 2020) was a Brazilian abstract artist and inventor whose innovations include kinechromatic art.
Life
Palatnik was born in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, lived from 1932 to 1947 in Mandatory Palestine before settling in Rio de Janeiro, where he spent most of his adult life. He was Jewish, and his parents were Jewish immigrants from Ukraine. He moved to Mandatory Palestine as a child in 1932 and lived there until 1947. From 1942 to 1945 he studied at the Montefiori Technical School in Tel Aviv. He later took art classes at the Municipal Art Institute of Tel Aviv.
He is considered a pioneer of technological art in Brazil for his early use of mechanical systems and light. He exhibited some of his works in the First Biennial of São Paulo in 1951.
Two works by Palatnik are in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. In 2013, a Palatnik work Sequencia Visual S-51 sold at Christie's New York for $785,000 ($ in current dollar terms).
Palatnik was trained in mechanics, physics and drawing in Palestine, where he remained from the age of four until his youth. On his return to Brazil in 1948, he was influenced by his friendship with the art critic Mario Pedrosa and by his visits to the Pedro II National Psychiatric Center, where in 1946 the psychiatrist Nise da Silveira had created a therapy with creative workshops, which broke the notion of art learned by Palatnik when he saw how the inmates united image and language only from the unconscious.
Cinechromatic
The Cinechromatic Apparatus is an artistic object created by the Brazilian Abraham Palatnik, based on electromechanical experiments that aimed to release the kaleidoscope images in an orchestration. The term "cinechromatic" was coined by Mario Pedrosa (Figueroa, S.f.). The chromatic cinema is Palatnik's most significant contribution to the kinetic, but it is not the only thing.
The device contained 600 meters of cable, 101 light bulbs of different voltage, several cylinders rotating at different speeds by motors and a set of prisms, lenses and shapes through which the light was projected on a semitransparent plastic screen that covered the front. of the device, projecting the controlled colors and shapes on a console in cycles of twenty to thirty minutes in duration. The work of Palatnik, kinetic artist, painter and draftsman, is part of the global reflection that the artist has carried out around the notion of movement since 1949.
Starting in 1959, he took movement to the three-dimensional field. Create works in which electromagnetic fields trigger small objects placed in closed boxes. At the same time that he invents pieces with which he explores the technological possibilities of art, the artist makes paintings on two-dimensional surfaces. In 1962 the series Progressões (Progressions) began and in 1964 the Kinetic Objects were born; wire sculptures, colored shapes and moving threads, powered by motors and electromagnets that recall the pieces of the American sculptor Alexander Calder in their moving shapes.
After undertaking various technological investigations, he made his Aparelhos cinecromáticos [Cinecromatic devices], light boxes with moving bulbs in which the color fields are transformed under a translucent fabric. The artist showed this work for the first time at the 1st São Paulo Biennial in 1951. Palatnik founded, in 1953, in Rio de Janeiro, the Frente Group, with whose members he participated in group exhibitions in the cities of Volta Redonda, Resende and Rio de Janeiro he begins to design machines in which color appears in motion.
These experiments lead him to the creation of the Aparelhos Cinecromáticos (Cinecromatic Devices), boxes of canvases with lamps that move through mechanisms driven by motors, shown for the first time in 1951, at the 1st . In 1964 they were exhibited at the Venice Biennale, conferring their participation in that exhibition with international projection and becoming considered one of the precursors of kinetic art. Such recognition leads him to participate, in 1964, in the international exhibition of kinetic art "Mouvement 2", at the Denise René Gallery, in Paris. (Navarro, 2012)
Death
Palatnik died from COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil on 9 May 2020 at the age of 92 in Rio de Janeiro.
References
Further reading
Frederico Morais, Abraham Palatnik : A Pioneer of Technological Art .
Michael Asbury, Some Notes on Abraham Palatnik's Kinechromatic Apparatus, Essay on artist Abraham Palatnik in catalogue to accompany the exhibition 'Abraham Palatnik – A Reinvenção da Pintura', Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo (MAM-SP), Brazil, 2 July - 15 August 2014.
1928 births
2020 deaths
Immigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Brazilian artists
Modern artists
Brazilian Ashkenazi Jews
Brazilian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Brazilian inventors
Jewish artists
Russian inventors
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Rio de Janeiro (state) |
"Hurt Lovers" is a song by English boy band Blue. It was written by Alexander Zuckowski, Martin "Fly" Fliegenschmidt, Jez Ashurst, and David Jost and recorded for the group's fourth studio album, Roulette (2013). Production was helmed by Grubert and Zuckowski, with Fliegenschmidt and Kiko Masbaum credited as co-producers.
The song was released in Austria, Germany and Switzerland as the album's lead single on 4 January 2013, three weeks prior to the release of the Roulette. It was Blue's first official single in two years, following the release of their Eurovision 2011 entry, "I Can", in May 2011. "Hurt Lovers" became Blue's sixth top 10 hit in Germany, where it peaked at number seven and served as the official theme for the German film Break Up Man (2013). In the United Kingdom, the sond was released on 22 April 2013. It charted at number 70 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming their lowest-charting single by then in the UK.
Background
Blue began recording new material in July 2010, three months after they first got back together, after a five-year break from the music industry. In an interview, the band claimed that "Hurt Lovers" was one of the first tracks they recorded after reuniting, and that it was an obvious choice for the band's reunion single. The track was written by Alexander Zuckowski, Martin "Fly" Fliegenschmidt, Jez Ashurst, and David Jost.
Blue first premiered "Hurt Lovers" during a concert in China on 22 June 2012. It received positive reception across Asia, before being officially premiered in Germany on 6 October 2012. Thus, the creators of the film approached the band, and asked if the song could be used as the official theme for the film. Thus, the track received an early release in Germany on 4 January 2013, before being released across the world later in the year. In promotion of the single, Blue performed it live on The Voice of Romania in December 2012, as well as embarking on an acoustic radio tour across six cities in Germany. They also performed it on The Late Late Show in Ireland on 26 April 2013.
Music video
Two versions of the music video have been filmed. The first was directed by German filmmaker Katja Kuhl and filmed towards the end of October 2012. Set in black and white, filming took place in the German municipality of Prerow on the Darß peninsula on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea. The visuals show the band performing the track on the edge of a grassy cliff, with Lee Ryan and Duncan James in puffy fur coats, and Antony Costa and Simon Webbe wearing shirts and ties. Actors Tim Forssman and Nell Pietrzyk appear as extras in the clip. This version of the video was released on 15 March 2013, as the video to accompany the release of the single on the British market.
A second version of the video, called Schlussmacher version, was filmed in Berlin towards the end of November 2012 and released to Blue's official YouTube account on 13 December 2012, at a total length of three-minutes and fifty-six seconds. The video it set in a giant shopping centre, where Blue have a chance meeting with Matthias Schweighöfer and Milan Peschel, the stars of the film Schlussmacher (2012). The video also features a number of clips from the film, intertwined with the footage of Blue. This version of the video was filmed exclusively for the German market.
Track listing
Notes
signifies a co-producer
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Roulette.
Jez Ashurst – songwriter
Sascha Bühren – mastering
Martin "Fly" Fliegenschmidt – songwriter, co-producer, guitar
Robin Grubert – producer, keyboards, programmed by
David Jost – songwriter
Kiko Masbaum – co-producer, drums, keyboards, mixer
Boris Matchin – strings
Stefan Pintev – strings
Rodrigo Reichel – strings
Alexander Zuckowski – songwriter, producer, drum programming, guitar, piano
Charts
Release history
References
2013 singles
2013 songs
Blue (English band) songs
Songs written by Jez Ashurst
Songs written by David Jost
Island Records singles
Songs written by Martin Fliegenschmidt |
This is a summary of the electoral history of John Ballance, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1891–93) and Leader of the Opposition (1889–1891).
Parliamentary elections
1875 by-election
1876 election
1879 election
1881 election
1884 election
1887 election
1890 election
Leadership elections
1889 leadership election
Notes
References
Ballance, John |
The Kven flag (; ) is a flag that since 2009 has been used by Kvens in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The flag was designed by Bengt Johansson-Kyrö.
Design
The Kven flag was designed by the artist Bengt Johansson-Kÿrö. The flag has a dark blue background and a motif of a sunflower or sunflower (Kven: "aurinkonkukka" or "auringonkukka") which has been found on several artifacts such as hunting horns, looms, and boats, and is still used in traditional käsityö (Kven handicrafts).
Use of the flag
The flag design was ready in 2007. The Kvenlandsförbundet organized a competition to have a Kven flag made. Johansson-Kyrö's design won the competition. It was only in 2009 that the Kvenlandsförbundet decided to adopt the flag. This happened at a meeting with members from Norway, Sweden and Finland.
The flag was first used on a public flagpole outside the town hall in Kiruna on Kven people's day in 2013. In 2017, the flag was hung at the Town Hall in Storfjord municipality.
At the national board meeting of the Norwegian Kven Organization on 29-30 April 2017, the flag was also adopted by the KNF.
In March 2018, among others, Kvænangen raised the Kven flag for the first time, as did Nordreisa, Porsanger and Troms municipality, and in March 2019 the flag was raised in Tromsø on Kven people's day.
In 2018, the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development refused a request from the Norwegian Kven Organization for public approval of the Kven Flag. The ministry said at the same time that Norwegian municipalities and others were free to use the flag to mark Kven People's Day and other events.
In 2022, 15 years after the creation of the flag, Johansson-Kyrö was awarded the first Nordic Kven culture prize for her efforts. The reason for the prize states:
See also
Kven people
References
Flags of Norway
Kven people
Flags introduced in 2009 |
ZL Technologies (also known as ZL Tech) was founded in 1999 in Milpitas, California and is a privately held, developer of unstructured data archiving software. Its principal product, ZL UA, is used by enterprises to consolidate all unstructured data into a single repository for the purposes of information governance—i.e. compliance, legal discovery, records management, file analysis. ZL Tech' global headquarters is in Milpitas, California, and has international offices in Tokyo, Japan; Hyderabad, India; Vancouver, Canada; and Dublin, Ireland.
Background
ZL Tech was originally established as ZipLip in 1999, a secure mail carrier that provided tracking, security, and authentication services. Its first customers were telecommunications firms, large organizations that required a robust architecture in order to govern their hundreds of thousands of email inboxes. In 2000, ZipLip's secure email and data tracking capabilities expanded to provide secure file share and collaboration tools for enterprise users, and in 2001 the telecom market experienced a bubble, forcing ZipLip to shift its focus to large enterprise customers. Additionally in the early 2000s, the regulatory and legal landscape underwent major changes—such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act—and in response ZipLip expanded its focus to the newly invigorated requirements for regulatory compliance, accommodating the ingestion, archiving, and long-term governance of business communications. In 2006 the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) were amended to include electronically stored content (ESI) as a type of discoverable content, and ZipLip expanded its product to include eDiscovery functionalities to accommodate the new regulation.
In 2007, the company changed its name from ZipLip to ZL Technologies. In 2008 ZL Tech added records management functionality in response to a growing focus by companies on file management. The additions allowed ZL Tech to build a business model that encompasses both archiving and data management needs of large enterprises such as those in the Fortune 500. By 2012, ZL Tech incorporated feature updates in the eDiscovery module and added advanced SharePoint, Documentum, and file share analysis features.
Products
ZL Tech' core product — ZL UA, is an enterprise archive and an interface platform for extension modules, like Discovery Manager, Compliance Manager, Records Manager, and File Analysis and Management. ZL's storage management software implements single-instance storage to remove additional copies of data and offline access.
Awards and recognition
ZL Tech was named a leader within the enterprise information archiving space, according to Gartner, Inc. in 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019, and was named a visionary by Gartner in 2015, 2016.
2019 marks ZL a record of 15 continuous appearances in Gartner Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Information Archiving Report.
In 2018, ZL Tech won the Gold Stevie Award in International Business Awards for its GDPR solutions. In 2019, ZL Technologies was the Gold Winner for Enterprise Information Archiving in the 14th Annual Network PG's IT World Awards.
References
Software companies of the United States |
Knut Utstein Kloster (2 April 1929 – 20 September 2020) was a Norwegian shipping magnate.
His grandfather Lauritz Kloster founded Kloster Rederi in 1924. In 1959 Kloster joined the family business and transformed it into a leading cruise line.
Together with Ted Arison he founded Norwegian Caribbean Line in 1966.
See also
MS The World
References
1929 births
2020 deaths
Norwegian businesspeople in shipping |
South Boulevard, (shortened to South Blvd) is a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's 'L' system, on the Purple Line at 602 South Boulevard in Evanston, Illinois (directional coordinates 525 north, 500 west).
In 1931, the old Calvary station was replaced by South Boulevard and it was opened on July 1, 1931. Designed by Arthur U. Gerber, South Boulevard consists of a winding central platform to the shape of the street that overlooks. It is now very similar to the original station, only catenary maintained by steel arches disappeared in 1973 during the installation of an electric rail to the ground while the lighting was renewed in 1998. For the rest, except for renovation from 2004 to 2005, the structure has not changed.
History
The current station has been in place since July 1, 1931, when it replaced the Calvary Cemetery stop to the south, to better serve the developing residential area directly to the north of the cemetery. The station has only received little renovation since then, like new lighting and signage.
The closure of the South Boulevard station (along with Foster) appeared as part of three of the CTA's six potential options for the renovation of the Purple Line and northern section of the Red Line.
Bus connections
CTA
206 Evanston Circulator (school days only)
Pace
213 Green Bay Road (Monday–Saturday only)
Notes and references
Notes
References
External links
Train schedule (PDF) at CTA official site
South Boulevard Station Page at Chicago-L.Org
South Boulevard Station Page CTA official site
South Boulevard entrance from Google Maps Street View
CTA Purple Line stations
Railway stations in Evanston, Illinois
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1931 |
The Riverside Shakespeare Company of New York City was founded in 1977 as a professional (AEA) theatre company on the Upper West Side of New York City, by W. Stuart McDowell and Gloria Skurski. Focusing on Shakespeare plays and other classical repertoire, it operated through 1997.
Establishment and heritage
Founded with a core of graduates from the University of California at Berkeley, the Riverside Shakespeare Company of New York City opened its first production, Romeo and Juliet, in August 1977 in Riverside Park. It then commenced a free parks tour through Manhattan, performing in Washington Square, John Jay Park, Fort Tryon Park, and Columbia University. The production was directed by McDowell.
An opening-night announcement in The New York Times read:
The Riverside Shakespeare Company is taking up where Joseph Papp left off this summer by presenting free Shakespeare in the park. ... The production will be done in traveling minstrel style, evocative of Shakespeare's time. Beforehand, to set the period mood, performers will be scattered around the park – jugglers, fencers, singers, poetry readers. Then a fanfare will call the players to the stage, and the tale of star-cross'd lovers will begin.
The inaugural production of Romeo and Juliet was a two-hour version, trimmed to incorporate extensive swordplay, an extended ballroom dance scene, and pantomime, such as the appearance to Juliet of Tybalt's ghost. Each performance was also timed to end with the setting of the sun in mid August. Performances were preceded by the entire company of actors and musicians entertaining the audience with a Greenshow – a preshow spoof of the production to follow, that served the dual purpose of building a comedic, physical bridge between actor and audience, and of establishing a physical, spontaneous style of acting that incorporated the performance environment into the show. This drew on the roots of the company – and of Shakespeare – in the rich heritage of Commedia dell'arte.
The following autumn, the company began a series of readings of the works of Shakespeare, reading through the entire canon the first year. Growing out of this, the company inaugurated a series of free radio broadcasts of Shakespeare's works on the New York public radio station, WBAI. A board of directors was soon formed under the guidance of founding chairperson, Elena Scotti of Lincoln Center. At its founding in 1977, the Riverside Shakespeare Company became New York City's only year-round professional Shakespeare company dedicated to the performance of the works of Shakespeare, his contemporaries, and Commedia dell'arte.
Early years
During its inaugural 1977–1978 season, after its parks tour of Romeo & Juliet, the Riverside Shakespeare Company presented a free 'Equity library tour' of Twelfth Night, directed by Gloria Skurski, with music by Michael Moore, which then had an extended run Off Broadway at the Manhattan Theatre Club Stage 73. Judy Thrall, in the Heights/Inwood Press of North Manhattan reviewed the production of Twelfth Night:
Some theatre companies – those which start out with talented and intelligent actors – are born great. Some companies – those which start out with diffident, inexperienced people who soon mature with their art – achieve greatness. And some companies – those which start out untrained and unguided – can, with the advent of a brilliant force, have greatness thrust upon them. In the first hyperbolic category is one of the city's newest theater groups, the Riverside Shakespeare Company. ... Now the group is well on its way to becoming an important theatrical force in Upper Manhattan and elsewhere.
First Folio production of the complete Hamlet
In the spring of 1978, the company mounted the complete Hamlet on the courtyard roof of Riverside Church in Manhattan in late afternoon. The success of this production enabled the company to remount its Hamlet – this time lit by torches in the late evening – on the main University Walk before the Low Library at Columbia University, using a large stage surrounded by sheets of steel, erected to create a reflective environment for both the voice and the torch illumination. The production was designed and directed by W. Stuart McDowell and featured Peter Siiteri as Hamlet.
Riverside's Hamlet marked its first First Folio Production, in which the entire text of Shakespeare's play was presented in a lively, action-filled production, enabling the company to mount the complete Hamlet in under three hours. A Greenshow also preceded each outdoor performance, entertaining the audience as they arrived in a spoof of the play to follow, which was staged by "the Players" en route to "Elsinore".
The torchlit performance of Hamlet at Columbia University was reviewed by Heights/Innwood Newspaper of North Manhattan:
Siiteri's sly innuendoes and elegant gestures as Hamlet were put to good use. His reactions in his father's ghost and in Ophelia's death had traces of the vulnerability and humanity seen in the finest Hamlets. Others in the cast ranged from very good to superb. Kaeren Peregrin as Ophelia gave a chilling "mad scene". Robert Lanchester as Claudius was delightfully depraved, and Frank Fico as Polonius was wonderfully amusing without turning the endearing and gentleman into a buffoon. Bravo also to John Rowe as Laertes. ... All of the actors projected magnificently without the aid of microphones – and this in the open air!
Expanded tour of A Midsummer Night's Dream
In its second summer, 1978, the company presented a popular free tour of A Midsummer Night's Dream, with Eric Hoffmann as Puck, Karen Hurley as Titania, and Eric Conger as Oberon, directed by Gloria Skurski. An original score by Deborah Awner was performed by the touring group "Brass". The production continued the tradition of un-miked Shakespeare, making use of a sheet-steel touring set for natural amplification of both actors and musicians.
The parks tour of A Midsummer Night's Dream was expanded to play locations in two boroughs of New York City, including Wave Hill in the Bronx, which became a favorite annual summer performing site for the company. The tour included an extended residency at the International Affairs Plaza on the campus of Columbia University, which allowed the company to keep the stage standing overnight, rather than the usual strike after each performance.
In what was becoming a Riverside tradition, each performance was preceded a half hour before curtain by a "Greenshow" of Commedia entertainment, by the cast and musicians on the stage and throughout the audience.
Erika Munk of the Village Voice wrote:
Shakespeare at the Delacorte always disappoints me because it's overmiked and not in tune with park life; but I saw a charming Midsummer Night's Dream by the Riverside Shakespeare Company: no mikes, no lights, no seats; only clever placement at the bottom of Soldier and Sailors Monument to give the audience a view from the steps; broad acting and old-fashioned projection so that everyone could follow; an ability to capitalize on the audience's pre-disposition to enjoy itself; the flexibility to deal with dogs, kids, jets, and drunks; and splendid timing – the play ended as the sun went down.
As You Like It at Manhattan Theatre Club's Stage 73
The following fall the company staged As You Like It at the Manhattan Theatre Club's Stage 73, featuring Robert Boyle, Timothy Hall, Margo Gruber and Caryn West – all making their New York stage debut; with Kent Odell, Jim Maxson, Stuart Rudin, Ken Grantham, Timothy Hall, Peter Jensen, Kenneth Lane, Gannon McHale, Sheri Meyers, Uriel Menson, Brock Seawell, Daniel Tamm, and David Robert Westfall (stage manager), and directed by Eric Hoffmann, with set designed by David Lockner, costumes by Deborah Otte, lighting by Nat Cohen, and music by Deborah Awner.
Hoffmann set Shakespeare's most pastoral play with an autumnal setting in Colonial American, using leaves gathered from Central Park, which gradually filled the stage with knee-deep piles of leaves, and underscored with original guitar music played by Robert Mamary and Joseph Poshek. The production was acclaimed for its creative setting in this bucolic, pre-American revolutionary time, in which Amiens, played by Larry Kirchgaessner, became a Native American in the American forest of Arden.
The production was attended by Mildred Natwick, who became the company's first member of its Board of Advisors, soon to be followed by Helen Hayes. At this production, it was announced that the company's ultimate goal was "to build a replica of Shakespeare's Globe Theater on the banks of the Hudson River in New York City."
New York premiere of the "madrigal comedy" L'Amfiparnaso
The production of As You Like It was joined at Stage 73 by the New York premiere of the Commedia dell'arte scenario, the 16th century "madrigal comedy" by Orazio Vecchi, L'Amfi Parnasso, directed by Dan Southern featuring company members performing with Renaissance music arranged and played by the chamber group The Western Wind. This production was the company's first purely Commedia dell'arte style production, and featured the use of hand-crafted leather masks, improvisation, stylized movement and comic lazzi.
The professional Shakespeare company at Columbia University
From 1978 to 1980, the Riverside Shakespeare Company was the professional Equity theater company in residence at Columbia University under the sponsorship of Andrew B. Harris and internationally renowned Shakespeare scholar Bernard Beckerman, with audition, construction, storage and rehearsal spaces in Prentice Hall on West 125th Street west of Broadway, just a stone's throw from the Hudson River. A core company of twelve to fifteen professional actors were often complemented with Columbia University students both backstage and onstage as performers, working as student apprentices within the company, not unlike Shakespeare's company 400 years before.
Tom Hanks and Michael Wolff in Machiavelli's The Mandrake
In 1979 the Riverside Shakespeare Company mounted Niccolo Machiavelli's Renaissance farce, The Mandrake, in the large second floor auditorium of the Casa Italiana of Columbia University located at West 117th and Amsterdam Avenue.
The Casa Italiana, which had recently been designated by the Landmarks Preservation Commission, proved an ideal setting for production: Riverside's Florentine set was surrounded by the Florentine architecture, wrought iron chandeliers, and Italian antiques, some donated by Premier Benito Mussolini when the building was erected in 1926.
Performing in the style of Commedia dell'arte, with masks and fanciful commedia costumes, the cast included Arland Russell, Mark Cavalieri, Jeff Cameron, Tom Hanks, Susan Kay Logan, Perla Armanasco and Michael Goldner. In this production Tom Hanks played the lead role of the scoundrel Callimaco – in his first and only stage production in New York City until making his Broadway debut in Nora Ephron's "Lucky Guy" in spring 2013.
The production of The Mandrake was cast and rehearsed in the company's fourth floor facility of Columbia University's Prentise Hall in southern Harlem, and was directed by company member Dan Southern (then Daniel O. Smith), The production was played with authentic leather masks and fanciful costumes conceived and constructed by Broadway designer Jane Stein, period sets – including a raked checkerboard stage – designed and built by Gerard Bourcier, lighting (which incorporated the wrought iron chandeliers of the Casa Italiana) by John B. Forbes, and produced by Gloria Skurski and W. Stuart McDowell. In the Heights/Inwood Press of North Manhattan review of March 14, 1979, Jan Rucquoi noted that:
A delightfully produced, fast-paced farce happened uptown on Columbia University's Campus, in the Casa Italiana. ... In The Mandrake the audience is often brought into the confidence of the actors who unmask themselves to do so.
The leather masks designed by Stein were often used inventively to comic effect, with actors sometimes removing them for an inner monologue, as in Hanks' portrayal of Callimaco, in which he conversed to himself while holding his quarter mask to one side.
The Mandrake was accompanied by an original jazz score composed (and with a running improvised narration) by pianist-composer-orchestra leader Michael Wolff. According to the Heights/Inwood Press of North Manhattan:
The music composed for the play had a Brechtian feel to it, enriching the play and setting the mood of high jinks and fun. Also, the fanciful costumes, works of art in themselves, with their overblown appliqued ornamentation, were a delightful asset to the production.
The production of The Mandrake opened on March 2, 1979 at the Casa Italiana, and was stage managed by Nancy Consentino Minckler and produced by W. Stuart McDowell and Gloria Skurski, in association with Columbia University.
Much Ado at Manhattan Theatre Club's Stage 73
In late spring of 1979 the company produced Much Ado About Nothing directed by Gloria Skurski with original music by Deborah Awner, with Margo Gruber and Gannon McHale, and Timothy Oman, Jim Brewster, Robert Boyle, Ronald Lew Harris, David Florek, Arland Russell, Daniel Tam and Leigh Podgorski, at Manhattan Theatre Club's Stage 73. The production was set in the roaring 20's, as if F. Scott Fitzgerald had imagined the meeting of Beatrice and Benedict at a festive garden party on Cape Cod.
The production of Much Ado About Nothing was staged as the first part of a double bill, followed by a glass of wine and then, on the same stage with a quick change of scenery, by Niccolo Machiavelli's The Mandrake.
The Mandrake at Stage 73, and on tour through New York City
The success of Riverside's production of The Mandrake enabled the company to remount the show with the company's new production of Much Ado About Nothing as a late night double bill in repertory at Manhattan Theatre Club's Stage 73. With the departure of Hanks to the west coast at the end of the run at the Casa Italiana, Dan Southern took over the role of Callimaco for the late night cabaret-like performances.
Subsequent to its two indoor stagings, The Mandrake was revived for several outdoor engagements, performed on a two-wheel cart with simple cloth backdrop, beginning with the dedication of the Shakespeare Garden in the Brooklyn, hosted by Joseph Papp, Estelle Parsons and W. Stuart McDowell. The role of Callimaco was assumed by the play's director, Dan Southern. A small cart stage with canvas backdrop was used. The openness of staging, in natural sunlight and without the trappings and concealments of an indoor theatre, was typical of the performance style of Commedia dell'arte, in which the audience members are constantly made aware of the artifice of the production, and thereby become participants in the theatrical event
As in the Riverside tradition of the Greenshow, the production of The Mandrake – whether indoors or outside in a park – relied on broad physicalization, improvisation, and comic lazzi, as well as interacting with the audience in the manner of Commedia dell'arte. The Mandrake, under Southern's direction, proved one of Riverside's most successful Commedia productions to date, and helped the company to realize its goal of bringing the work of Shakespeare, his contemporaries and Commedia dell'arte to as broad an audience as possible. It also helped to further the reputation of the company as a versatile classical theatre company in New York City.
First Folio production of Henry IV, Part One
The company then mounted its first History Play by Shakespeare. In the late spring of 1979, after two months rehearsal of the armies of King Henry and Hotspur on the rooftop of Columbia University's Prentice Hall in southern Harlem, the company opened its third annual outdoor production of free Shakespeare, a major Equity staging of the complete Henry IV, Part One. This was Riverside's second First Folio Production, mounted on a replica of Shakespeare's Globe Theater, constructed on the courtyard roof Prentise Hall at West 125th and Broadway, and transported and erected on the main campus Quad of Columbia University.
The cast featured Dan Southern as Hotspur and Jason Moehring as Hal, with Eric Hoffmann as Falstaff and William Hanauer as King Henry, and a cast of forty including Jim Brewster, Mary Skinner, Vit Horejs, David Murray Jaffe, Kathleen Monteleone, Jason Moehring, Julia Murray, Gay Reed, John Miller, Ken Threet, Nick Schatzki, and Lois Tibbetts, with music by Deborah Awner played by a live orchestra.
For this production, the company built a replica of Shakespeare's Globe Theater outdoors, surrounded by trees on the southeast corner of the Columbia University Quad; the production was directed by W. Stuart McDowell and performed at night without microphones in this perfect acoustic environment, on a set designed and built by Dorian Vernacchio, costumes by Kenneth M. Yount, fight choreography for broadsword, halberd, dagger and mace, by Joel Leffert.
The reviewer of Show Business, Ted Bank, noted that:
Riverside Shakespeare Company has injected this chronicle history with all the pageantry and spectacle it calls for, and the result is exciting theatre. ... What makes Henry IV, Part One so delightful is that Riverside Shakespeare Company has taken pains to bring historical detail into the production. Going into its third season as New York's only year-round Shakespeare producer, Riverside has established a fine reputation for producing high-quality classic theatre."
The popularity of Henry IV, Part IV at Columbia University enabled the company to extend the run by remounting the entire production Off Broadway indoors at the American Theatre for Actors in midtown Manhattan in the fall of 1979.
Twelfth Night at Riverside Church
In the spring of 1980, the theatre company mounted a new production of Twelfth Night, set in an Art Nouveau style, directed by John Clingerman, with Andrew Achsen, Kristin Rudrud, Stuart Cohen, Alison Edwards, Beata Jachulski, Will Lecki, Scott Parson, Bruce Altman, Ken Threet, and Ted Polites, staged in the round (with audiences on four sides) in the lower chamber of Riverside Church in Manhattan, featuring music by Deborah Awner. This production was one of many that the theatre company opened on Shakespeare's birthday, April 23; this time, the production was inaugurated by a special celebration, culminating with the reading of a Shakespearean sonnet by the pastor of Riverside Church, fellow Bardophile, Rev. William Sloan Coffin.
The Shakespeare Center
Early in the summer of 1980, the Riverside Shakespeare Company moved into residence in West Park Presbyterian Church, at the corner of West 86th and Amsterdam, where it established The Shakespeare Center, dedicated to the year round training for the performance of the works of Shakespeare, his contemporaries, and Commedia dell'arte. Professional actor Andrew Achsen played a key role in securing the site in the church, of which he was a member, together with the pastor of West Park, Rev. Robert Davidson. The Theatre of The Shakespeare Center was reconstructed from materials from the demolition of Broadway's Helen Hayes Theatre and the set of Broadway's Nicholas Nickleby through funds raised by efforts of cast members from the Broadway production of Nicholas Nickleby from the Royal Shakespeare Company. The Shakespeare Center of the Riverside Shakespeare Company was officially dedicated in the fall of 1982 by Joseph Papp and Helen Hayes in a ceremony attended by Gloria Foster, Milo O'Shea, Barnard Hughes, Sam Waterston, Mildred Natwick, and Peter Brook.
The Shakespeare Center became the home for numerous Equity Riverside productions, beginning with Romeo and Juliet in 1980, directed by W. Stuart McDowell, assisted by Jay King, with Robert Walsh, Arleigh Richards, George House, Barbara Tirrell, Joe Meek, Gay Reed, Curtis Watkins, Dan Johnson, Obie Story, James McGuire, Jim Maxson, Christopher Cull, Timothy Oman, and, as the Nurse, Scottish folk singer and comedian Fredi Dundee.
Romeo & Juliet was followed by Love's Labour's Lost with Freda Kavanagh, Deanna Deignan, Kay Colburn and Catherine Schmidt, and J. C. Hoyt, Timothy Doyle, Timothy Oman, Madeleine Potter, and Peter Siiteri, directed by Clingerman with music by Deborah Awner, which Mel Gussow of the New York Times called "a charming chamber piece."
This was followed by a Commedia dell'arte production of Two Gentlemen of Verona directed by Dan Southern produced Off Broadway in the American Theatre for Actors, with music by Bob Rosen, with Ronald Lew Harris, Jim Maxson, Joe Meek, Amy Aquino, Allison Edwards, Dennis Pfister, and J. C. Hoyt.
While the company produced a subscription season in 1980–1981 at The Shakespeare Center, it also mounted a series of free performances of Shakespeare plays and scenes across town at the Citicorp Center, entitled Riverside Shakespeare Salutes Shakespeare at Citicorp, which included The Taming of the Shrew directed by Jere O'Donnell, Love's Labour's Lost directed by Timothy Minor, The Will to Power: Scenes of Ambition and Political Intrigue, directed by Ken Grantham, and a popular compilation of romantic scenes from the Bard, This Bud of Love: Scenes of Awakening Love, directed by John Clingerman. These were also broadcast on New York's public radio station, WBAI.
Meanwhile at The Shakespeare Center, the company opened its next season with Henry V directed by Timothy Oman, assisted by Linda Mason, associate director, and Maureen Clarke, Riverside's resident text coach, with music by Sanchie Borrow, scenic and lighting design by Norbert U. Kolb, fight direction by Conal O'Brien, and costumes by David Pearson, featuring Frank Muller and Lee Croghan, with Dene Nardi, Dan Daily, Norma Fire, Ronald Lew Harris, Pat Kennerly, Gay Reed, Gene Santarelli, Sandi Shackelford, and Time Winters.
New York premiere of The Three Cuckolds
In February 1981 the company mounted the New York Premiere of the Commedia dell'arte farce The Three Cuckolds with Perla Armanasco, Jim Brewster, Ronald Lew Harris, David Murray Jaffe, Joe Meek, Jim Maxson, and Jane Badgers, Lloyd Davis, Jr. (as an "outstanding" Arlecchino), Oded Carmi and Marla Buck, directed by Dan Southern with an original score by Michael Canick, sepia drops depicting contemporary New York street scenes by Dorian Vernacchio costumes by Barbara Weiss and masks by Paul Mantell, about which Marilyn Stasio of the New York Post wrote:
The resident company under Daniel O. Smith's stage direction, has enthusiastically caught the outrageous spirit of that venerable theater form. ... The stock characters of commedia – from the bulbous-nosed clowns, the zanni, to that nimble trickster Arlecchino – are all authentically masked, padded and caricatured. And the cast's high level of comic energy makes them perfectly ridiculous. ... In keeping with the improvisational tradition of commedia, the production injects a contemporary tone into the material ... including a graffiti mural, which is wittier than the stuff you read on the IRT. And somebody tossed off a Nancy Reagan joke that tickled me.
The production of The Three Cuckolds was performed in a broad farcical style with numerous contemporary references, and extensive use of acrobatics, such as a backflip performed by Jim Brewster on his entrance as the young lover. The Three Cuckolds proved so popular, that it was later mounted as an Off Broadway touring production, and was the first Riverside production seen by Joseph Papp, leading eventually to an ongoing sponsorship by the New York Shakespeare Festival beginning with Edward II (see below), and subsequent Riverside summer touring productions.
New York premiere of Brecht's The Life of Edward II of England
Beginning in 1982 Joseph Papp and the New York Shakespeare Festival became the principal sponsors of the company, starting with the Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of the New York Premiere of Bertolt Brecht's adaptation of Christopher Marlowe's The Life of Edward II of England in 1982, also sponsored by the Goethe House of New York, and by Marta Feuchtwanger (widow of Brecht's acknowledged co-author Lion Feuchtwanger).
The New York premiere of Edward II was grounded on interviews McDowell had made in Germany with cast members – Erwin Faber and Hans Schweikart – of the original Munich production of 1924, which had been Brecht's debut as stage director. In the original 1924 production, Brecht developed many of his "new staging and dramaturgical techniques" for what came to be known as epic theatre, and which eventually profoundly impacted 20th century theatre. Elements from Brecht's original production became a springboard for interpreting the script, seventy-eight years later.
The Riverside Shakespeare production featured an original score composed by Michael Canick for percussion and played by percussionist Noel Council above and to the side of the audience in the side tower that had been erected within the theatre of The Shakespeare Center of the newly renovated theatre. The score made use of snare and kettledrums, of xylophones and castanets, as well as natural percussion sounds made by the cast, using rattles and hand-held pea-pods played during the transitions between scenes, all intended to give an environment of sound intended to augment and draw focus to various narrative lines throughout the production.
The Riverside production of Edward II featured Dan Southern and Timothy Oman in the roles of Gaveston and King Edward, with Andrew Achsen, Larry Attille, Christopher Cull, Michael Franks, Margo Gruber, Daniel T. Johnson, Will Lampe, Joe Meek, Jason Moehring, Gay Reed, Count Stovall, R. Patrick Sullivan and Jeffery V. Thompson, directed by McDowell, with assistant director Jeannie H. Woods, with sets and lights by Dorian Vernacchio, costumes by David Robinson, with hand-hewn wooden props designed and built by Valerie Kuehn.
According to singer/writer William Warfield:
I've never seen a classical theatre production by this company before, and I thought it was truly exceptional. As unimpassioned as most so-called entertainment is, the only saving grace is that artists still band together on honest endeavors, such as this. ... Edward II was brilliant. Edward II was visually stunning, and imaginatively directed production of a play that has great relevance today.
Opening night, a special panel of scholars on German theatre and the drama of the Weimar Republic in particular was presented in the theatre before the play, including a display of photos from the original Munich production. In keeping with Brecht's original production, a Weimar Cabaret followed the production, with cast member Andrew Achsen serving as host.
Subscription season at the Shakespeare Center
Richard III with brass and chorus
The next season (1982–1983) in the newly renovated theatre on West 86th Street began with Richard III, about which Marilyn Stasio of The New York Post wrote:
The Riverside Shakespeare Company has opened its season with a Richard III that handsomely advances its suit for support as a year-round professional Shakespeare ensemble worth taking seriously. The production has been mounted in observance of the 500th anniversary of that infamous monarch's feverish rise to power. J. Kenneth Campbell makes his entrance hump-first, from an obviously symbolic hole in the ground, and grabs us from the moment he launches into his wintry discontents. Campbell not only loves his character, he loves his words, articulating with the lusty relish of a voluptuary set loose in a seraglio. It's a joy to watch him.
Richard III was directed by John Clingerman, with an original musical score by Joe Church played by the New York City Brass Quintet and large chorus recorded especially for this production, about which Backstage wrote, "Particular mention should be made of the music, conducted by Joseph Church with the New York City Brass Quintet and a large chorus contributed to the fifteenth century ambience and aided in unifying the production.".
The production featured stage and screen veteran J. Kenneth Campbell in the title role, Marya Lowery, Richard Hoyt-Miller, Scott Parson, Maggie Scott, Mary McTigue, and Ann Ducati, sets by Tom Newman, costumes by Randolf Pearson, lighting by Richard Lund, extensive combat choreography by Joel Leffert, and stage managed by Mary Ellen Allison.
The complete The Winter's Tale in a blizzard
In early 1983, Riverside Shakespeare Company mounted its third First Folio Production, an uncut staging of The Winter's Tale, with Eric Hoffmann as Autolycus and Tony Award-winning actress Tonya Pinkins in her New York stage debut as "Mopsa – a shepherdess", with Marya Lowry and Timothy Oman as Hermione and Leontes, C. B. Anderson, Franklin Brown, Sally Kay Brown, Lee Croghan, Christopher Cull, Virginia Downing, Freda Kavanaugh, Beatrix Porter, and Richie Devaney. The production was directed by W. Stuart McDowell, with costumes by Randolph Pearson, original music by Joseph Church, choreography by Beatrix Porter, text coaching by Maureen Clarke, and was stage managed by Mary Ellen Allison.
The production combined modern (Grace Kelly's Monaco) and historical (pastoral 18th century England) periods in a concept centered around a magical transformation that takes place when Mamillius begins to recount "the winter's tale" to his mother, Hermione. The concept arose from the moment in the First Folio text when Mamillius is asked to "tell's a Tale," to which the boy responds with "There was a man ... dwelt by a Church-yard. ... "
According to the Riverside program, McDowell's interpretation posited that these eight words – the entirety of "the winter's tale" – are nothing less than a prophecy concerning Leontes, Mamillius' father, who would some day virtually dwell by a graveyard, mourning the passing of Hermione and Mamillius (Act III, Sc. ii. Leontes: "Once a day I'll visit/The chapel where they lie, and tears shed there/Shall be my recreation ...") – whose deaths he causes in the subsequent parable told by Mamillius. Both Hermione and story-teller Mamillius (who also played the role of Time in the Riverside production) are resurrected magically at the play's end, as his "sad tale ... best for Winter" draws to a conclusion, and the purpose of the lad's tale has been fulfilled.
During rehearsals for The Winter's Tale the company was virtually stranded in the theatre during the blizzard that hit New York City in mid-February 1983. The technical crew building the set had to spend the night in The Shakespeare Center, marooned there while they finished the elaborate, magical stage for production. Fortunately, the deli just outside the theatre – Barney Greengrass: "the Sturgeon King" – was open the next day, providing the crew with bagels and coffee in the morning. Shakespeare's tale of Winter proved a fitting production for New York's year-round Shakespeare company to be socked in while the city nearly ground to a halt.
After the opening on February 24, Riverside's The Winter's Tale was broadcast on New York's WBAI, before which it was described as, "An exceptional production of one of the Bard's seldom-produced scripts ... brilliant." In the New York Shakespeare Bulletin it was observed that "Riverside's responsible rendering of the text should win them a Julio Romano statue that will never walk away."
The Taming of the Shrew
Later that year the company mounted Taming of the Shrew in 1983 directed by Robert Mooney with music by Joseph Church and set designs by Kevin Lee Allen, with Diane Ciesla and Dan Southern, and Ronald Lew Harris, Eric Hoffmann, Joe Meek, and Robert Mooney. About this production, Sy Isenberg of Bulletin of the New York Shakespeare Society wrote:
This production of The Taming of the Shrew really cares ... I cannot think of a piece in recent memory that has been so deliciously cast. The whole cast is swimmingly on their toes. As the primary lovers not meant for each other Diane Ciesla and Daniel Southern are dazzling ... The couple's subsequent extravagances are part of a complicated mating dance at once witty, slapstick and tender, balanced at the end between ritual and reality. In its warmth, elegance and festivity, this Kate kisses us all.
The Tempest with Bertram Ross
The next season opened with a full stage production of The Tempest with Bertram Ross – longtime leading dance partner with Martha Graham and co-director of the Graham dance company – as Prospero, and featuring Eric Hoffmann, Ronald Lew Harris, Joe Meek, Kathleen Bishop, Ellen Cleghorne, Alexander Cook, Herman Petras, John Reese, and Laurine Towler as Ariel, directed by Robert Mooney, with dance choreography by Shela Xoregos set to music by Joe Church, and sets by Kevin Lee Allen. Bertram Ross, who has been called the "dance legend and archetype male Graham dancer", used his considerable dance experience and technique and deep voice to create a memorable Prospero, using movement choreographed by Xoregos, who molded Prospero and Ariel into a "moving duo of poetic form."
Modern dress CAESAR! and historic The History of King Lear
In 1984 the company presented a modern dress version of Julius Caesar, entitled CAESAR! set in contemporary Washington, directed by McDowell, inspired by interviews conducted with company members of Orson Welles's famous 1937 Broadway production of Caesar, with set by Kevin Lee Allen, with Assistant Director Maureen Clarke and Jane Badgers, director of marketing & P.R, and featuring music by Michael Canick.
The production featured Obie Award–winner Harold Scott, and Marya Lowry, with Michael Cook, Andy Achsen, Ronald Lew Harris, Paul Hebron, Sonja Lanzener, Jim Maxson, Joe Meek, Robert Walsh and Herman Petras as Caesar.
The production proved immensely popular with audiences, setting, as it did, Shakespeare's play in contemporary Washington, D.C. in a country on the verge of making its popular leader president for life. The production of CAESAR, revised, was subsequently optioned by Samuel H. Scripps for a Broadway production at the Virginia Theatre, scheduled to premiere on the 50th anniversary of the Mercury Theatre production, on November 11, 1987.
The slogan for the production was reflected on its poster:
It's America.
It's 1984.
It's the political horror show for our times.
Responding to the production, Sy Syna of the New York Tribune wrote: "Riverside's CAESAR! is not only a rock solid production, it is surprisingly a good one." Reviewing the Riverside production, Herbert Mitgang of the New York Times wrote:
The famous Mercury Theater production of Julius Caesar in modern dress staged by Orson Welles in 1937 was designed to make audiences think of Mussolini's Blackshirts – and it did. The Riverside Shakespeare Company's lively production makes you think of timeless ambition and anti-libertarians anywhere.
The History of King Lear
In 1985 the Riverside Shakespeare Company presented the New York premiere of The History of King Lear, adapted with a happy ending by 18th-century English Poet Laureate, Nahum Tate, from William Shakespeare's King Lear. The production was directed by W. Stuart McDowell, produced by Andrew B. Harris, who had joined Riverside as its executive director at the beginning of the season.
The production featured a complete, original score for harpsichord and orchestra by John Aschenbrenner, fights choreographed by Richard Raether, lighting by Sam Scripps, and a period wind machine in the wings. The Riverside production displayed a harpsichord to one side, as if in the wings, and a wind machine to the other – both visible to the audience.
Tate's adaptation of The History of King Lear, which restored the authentic legend of the ancient king, was written without a Fool, added a confidante and a romance for Cordelia and Edgar, and culminated with the triumph of good over evil with the restoration of Lear to the throne with Kent and Gloucester at his side, and the marriage of Cordelia to Edgar.
Like Tate's other immensely popular "happy ending" version of Romeo and Juliet (which was a central part of the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of Nicholas Nickleby) Tate's equally popular adaptation of Shakespeare's King Lear was the only performed version of King Lear for over 150 years, beginning in the late 17th century when Tate wrote his adaptation, through the early 19th century.
Riverside mounted this historical piece in an 18th-century setting, with authentic period costumes by Ellen Seeling on a set designed by Norbert Kolb. The production featured Barbara Tirrell, Frank Muller and Margo Gruber as Goneril, Edmund and Regan, with Eric Hoffmann as Lear, Dan Daily as Kent, Freda Kavanagh as Cordelia, Don Fischer as Edgard, and Saunder Finard, Sandra Protor Gray, Buck Hobbs, E. F. Morrill, Gene Santarelli, and Richard Willis.
The reviewer for the New York City Tribune wrote:
The Riverside Shakespeare production of The History of King Lear includes a raked stage designed by Norbert Kolb, gorgeous costumes by Ellen Seeling, a visible stage hand operating the wind machine and handing on props, a maestro conducting John Aschenbrenner's lively score composed mostly for harpsichord with several interpolated songs including one by Garrick, and a whole panoply of 18th century theater devices, including a hysterical use of tableaux to open and close scenes, and hilarious asides including one when Edmund (deliciously played by Frank Muller) is hard at it with one of the rival sisters. ... Shakespearean adaptations occur in any era. This one, besides putting a leer in Lear was a helluva lot of fun!
Riverside Shakespeare tours produced by Joseph Papp
In 1982, Riverside Shakespeare Company began a series of expanded tours of Free Summer Shakespeare made possible through sponsorship by Joseph Papp and the New York Shakespeare Festival. These were all produced under an Off Broadway contract with the Actors' Equity Association, and, with broadened marketing, proved exceedingly popular with audiences at these extended venues.
The Comedy of Errors
The first of these was a tour – to twelve different parks in four boroughs – of Shakespeare's raucous A Comedy of Errors directed by Gloria Skurski, with costumes by Barbara Weiss, on a touring set designed by Dorian Vernacchio. The cast featured Connor Smith and Andrew Achsen, and Ronald Lew Harris, Karen Jackson, Dan Johnson, Will Lampe, Erin Lanagan, Trip Plymale, Mel Winkler and Dan Woods. The production featured a magician, a belly dancer accompanied by a lively percussion score composed and played by Michael Canick, and a very broad comedic performance style that proved extremely popular with its audiences. Opening night Joseph Papp arrived with an enormous basket of fruit for the cast to thank them for their performance in 90 degree heat.
"The Basin Street Bard"
The following summer the company mounted a music-filled production of The Merry Wives of Windsor set in old, post-Civil War New Orleans and directed by Timothy Oman, with Maureen Clarke as assistant director, featuring ragtime music by Deena Kaye. The cast featured Anna Deavere Smith in her New York stage debut playing Mistress Quickly as a "Cajun voodoo woman" and Joseph Reed as Falstaff, with Douglas Broyles, Dan Daily, Norma Fire, Paul Hebron, Michael Landsman, Sonja Lanzener, Warren Sweeney, Shelly Desai, and stage managed by Mary Ellen Allison.
In the hands of composer and keyboard player Deena Kaye, the Riverside production of The Merry Wives of Windsor verged on becoming a full-fledged musical, with numerous tunes played by the ragtime band. According to Nan Robertson in The New York Times:
An eight piece ragtime band and Mardi Gras high jinks underscored the slapstick performance, which sometimes evoked the spastic look and ricky-tick musical accompaniment of a very early silent flicker movie. The cast is costumed as 19th-century Southern belles, beaux and bums, the last group being the disreputable lecherous but appealing Falstaff. During the intermission, a barroom quartet singing "A Woman is only a Woman, but a Good Cigar is a Smoke" brought down the house. ... This is the second season under the aegis of Joseph Papp. ... The company is now calling its production of The Merry Wives of Windsor an "evening with the Basin Street Bard."
Clive Barnes, in his first review of a Riverside Shakespeare production, wrote in the New York Post:
The Riverside Shakespeare owes its name to the fact that it started operations in Riverside Park, so it was a sort of homecoming for them when I caught the company in a glade in that park just by 82nd Street ... The production is modern and carefree – the kind of innovative Shakespeare that [Joseph] Papp himself favors, and appropriate for a bright summer evening, with people squatting on the grass, many of them enjoying an alfresco picnic. Director Timothy Oman has placed the play in New Orleans soon after the Civil War. The idea works quite well. The play is preceded by a sort of Mardi Gras revel, and in the intermission we are regaled with a few vaudeville songs of the period, including a somewhat odd barbershop quartet. ... This is one of the most purely farcical of Shakespeare's plays, and it stands up well to the present knockabout, roustabout treatment it receives from these Riverside players.
The Riverside Greenshow
For each of these summer tours sponsored by Joseph Papp and the New York Shakespeare Festival, the traditional Greenshow performed before each outdoor touring production—which involved live musicians and the entire cast often performing Commedia-like spoofs of the performance to follow – became the festive call of the audience to the stage, and an important part of Riverside's performance tradition.
Romeo and Juliet on the mobile stage
The next summer, in 1984, the Riverside Shakespeare Company mounted a summer parks tour of its third production of Romeo and Juliet directed by John Clingerman with music by Michael Roth played by percussionist David Nicholson, fight choreography by Robert Walsh, on a set designed by Kevin Lee Allen and costumes by Cecilia A. Frederichs, with Michael Golding, Constance Boardman, Saul Stein, Todd Jamieson and Jeff Shoemaker.
For this production, the company secured $15,000 from New York Telephone to overhaul the mobile stage that been used by the New York Shakespeare Festival for parks tours before the NYSF stopped touring four years before. According to Newsday:
The long unit resembles a commercial vehicle that might transport a large household across the country. It takes six stagehands using hydraulic lift and plenty of muscle, several hours to rig the contents into the Verona of Shakespeare's love-stricken youth. ... "It's sunset Shakespeare", said W. Stuart McDowell, the Riverside's artistic director, "designed to be performed in natural light the way it was in Shakespeare's time."
The production opened at the Bandshell in New York's Central Park to an audience estimated at over a thousand (according to Newsday). This was the first time Riverside Shakespeare Company had ventured into New York's Central Park – the traditional territory of the New York Shakespeare Festival. Opening on June 6, 1984 saw a "Gala Benefit" hosted by Lucille Lortel, Richard Horner and Lynne Stuart. Opening night, Joseph Papp joined W. Stuart McDowell on the touring stage, and inaugurated the five borough tour in a special ceremony in which Mr. Papp compared Riverside's tour with the former tours of the NYSF:
They're a marvelous bunch of actors. And they have what it takes for this sort of thing—They carry things on their backs ... We used to make deals with local gangs. One time I remember well. I told this kid that he had to move because he was backstage. He said to me, "This ain't backstage; it's first base!"
The old mobile unit could not withstand the rigors of a month-long, outdoor tour of transporting "fair Verona" to the five boroughs of New York City. The second weekend, the long mobile unit dropped its rear axle at the intersection of 42nd and 9th while the truck was crossing midtown Manhattan. The mobile unit had to be permanently retired, but the tour continued with select pieces of scenery, such as Juliet's balcony, and the production continued to play to exceptionally large audiences across the five boroughs.
The Taming of the Shrew
In 1985, the company mounted a very Italian version of The Taming of the Shrew with music by Frank Lindquist, and a set design by Richard Harmon and costumes by Howard Behar, with Norma Fire, Paul Hebron, Sonja Lanzener, David Adamson, Vincent Niemann, Gene Santarelli, Laurine Towler, Joseph Reed, Michael Preston, and David Carlyon, who was also Clown Master. It was directed by Maureen Clarke, who during these years had been serving as Resident Text Coach for the company. Opening night was rained-out – a condition surprisingly encountered by Riverside tours only infrequently; the opening night performance was played in the main sanctuary of West Park Presbyterian Church. Shrew then went on to tour all five boroughs in blazing heat, attracting large audiences for this lively show.
The Riverside School for Shakespeare and the First Folio
To train actors, directors, and teachers in the performance of the classic text of Shakespeare and his contemporaries, the company began its professional training program, The Riverside School for Shakespeare, in the fall of 1980, at The Shakespeare Center, headed by John Clingerman.
Actor training classes were offered by company members with professional performance experience and training in the classics: in verse, stage combat, movement and Commedia dell'arte. Among the teaching staff were Marya Lowery, Robert Walsh, Maureen Clarke, Eric Hoffmann, Joel Leffert, John Carroll, Robert Mooney, Peter Siiteri, Dan Southern and Timothy Oman. Numerous special guests offered workshops, such as Raúl Juliá, Barnard Hughes, Roger Rees, and Paul Rogers.
The Riverside Shakespeare Company also began to host residencies for actor training with verse by noted Shakespeare teachers Cicely Berry (in her first such workshops in New York City), and Patrick Tucker from the Royal Shakespeare Company for training American actors in use of Shakespeare's First Folio as a cornerstone of professional stage performance.
According to Backstage:
Initiated in the fall of 1980, The Riverside School for Shakespeare has been expanded to train actors in areas of Renaissance language, thought, movement as well as stage combat and other Renaissance performance styles, focusing on the preparation of the serious professional actor for the performance of Shakespearean and other Renaissance dramas. The RSC actor training program has been set up by RSC's Artistic Director, W. Stuart McDowell, and by the program's director, John Clingerman. The courses will cover the breadth of Renaissance stage acting, offered by a staff of instructors with professional experience gained through work with the only Shakespeare company performing year-round in N.Y.C.
The First Folio
It has been acknowledged (in the Introduction to first popular paperback reissue of Shakespeare's First Folio) that Patrick Tucker's intensive workshops first produced in New York by the Riverside Shakespeare Company in 1982 lead to a resurgence of interest in the First Folio by actors, teachers and directors in New York City, and to an awakening to the possibilities of playing Shakespeare from cue scripts, eventually leading to the popular reissue of Folio texts now widely used in this country.
The Shakespeare Project
In October 1983, the Riverside Shakespeare Company launched The Shakespeare Project, New York City's first major residency of actors from the Royal Shakespeare Company – with Edwin Richfield (of the RSC's highly acclaimed The Greeks), Heather Canning (of Paul Scofield's Macbeth), Christopher Ravenscroft (from the Royal Shakespeare Company's Nicholas Nickleby, Jennie Stoller and John Kane (the later two from Peter Brook's landmark production of A Midsummer Night's Dream) – conducting workshops and seminars and performing The Merchant of Venice, Dylan Thomas' Under Milk Wood, and the New York premiere of D. H. Lawrence's The Tarnished Phoenix, with a host committee of Henry Guettel, Leonard Bernstein, José Ferrer, Helen Hayes, Bernard Hughes, Bernard Jacobs, John V. Lindsay, Joshua Logan, and George Plimpton.
As Christopher Ravenscroft said on opening night of The Shakespeare Project, "I would really like to tell the Americans that they already have the talent and the technique. All they need is the practice to take the horror out of Shakespeare."
During these years, the Riverside Shakespeare Company and The Shakespeare Center gained support from numerous major benefits staged for the theatre company by Jeremy Irons, Sinéad Cusack, Roger Rees, Nicol Williamson, Andre Gregory, Raúl Juliá, Jim Dale, and by Tony Award-nominee Edward Petherbridge, (from the Royal Shakespeare Company's Nicholas Nickleby) in his one-person show, Acting Natural. In the early 1980s, Riverside's board of directors was headed by Judith Radasch, followed by Donna Lindsay-Goodwin. Riverside's Advisory Board during this period included Shakespeare scholars Dr. Marvin Rosenberg and Dr. Bernard Beckerman, as well as noted stage directors and actors Zoe Caldwell, José Ferrer, Ruth Gordon, Helen Hayes, John Hirsch, Barnard Hughes, Mary Beth Hurt, Raúl Juliá, Garson Kannin, Stacey Keach, Joshua Logan, Mildred Natwick, Trevor Nunn, Roger Rees, Milo O'Shea, Sam Waterston and Joanne Woodward.
Riverside presents A Christmas Carol with Helen Hayes
In 1985, Helen Hayes appeared in an all-star benefit performance for the Riverside Shakespeare Company of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, with Miss Hayes in her return to the New York stage as Narrator, featuring Len Cariou as Scrooge, Bille Brown of the Royal Shakespeare Company, MacIntyre Dixon, Celeste Holm, Raúl Juliá, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, Harold Scott, Carole Shelley, and Fritz Weaver, staged with an original score for the Brass Quintet by W. Stuart McDowell, sung by the Children's Choir from the Anglo-American School of Manhattan, and an original script by Bille Brown, at the Symphony Space on the Upper Westside of Manhattan.
In 1986 the popular benefit presentation of A Christmas Carol was remounted, again with Helen Hayes, at the Marquis Theatre on Broadway, featuring F. Murray Abraham as Scrooge, with Ossie Davis, June Havoc, Rex Smith, Jean Marsh, MacIntyre Dixon, Alec Baldwin, and the choir of the Anglo-American School, produced by McDowell and directed by Robert Small.
And beyond
W. Stuart McDowell left Riverside in 1986 to found McDowell/Scripps Productions with arts benefactor, Samuel H. Scripps, and is now Chair of the Department of Theatre Dance and Motion Pictures at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio. Gloria Skurski went on to a career in television, joining the staff of CBS News as Associate Producer in 1984, and is now director of educational and broadcast services for PBS ThinkTV of Dayton Ohio.
Beginning in 1986, the Riverside Shakespeare Company was led by Robert Small, followed by Timothy W. Oman, who moved the company to permanent off-Broadway status at Playhouse 91, located on East 91st Street on the upper Eastside of Manhattan, where it was subsequently led by Gus Kaikkonen. In its second decade, until it disbanded in 1997, the Riverside Shakespeare Company produced a number of shows with distinguished actors and directors such as Henderson Forsythe, Beth Fowler, David Edward Jones, Charles Keating, Laurie Kennedy, Robert Sean Leonard, Stephen McHattie, Austin Pendleton, and Stuart Vaughan.
During its fifteenth year, the theatre company was praised in the weekly publication The Nation for producing "the most dependably accomplished performances of Shakespeare's plays regularly available in New York City."
In its twenty years of work as a theatre and educational training center, the Riverside Shakespeare Company presented over one hundred Equity productions, benefits and radio broadcasts of works by Shakespeare, Marlowe, Brecht, Machiavelli, and Shaw, as well as premieres of plays and Commedia dell'arte scenari. Its educational programs provided training for hundreds of actors, directors and teachers and students. Over its two decades Riverside productions were seen and heard by over one hundred thousand people throughout the five boroughs of New York City.
Riverside Shakespeare reunion, 2008
On March 24, 2008, the first annual reunion of former Riverside Shakespeare Company actors, directors, composers, and designers was held at the Marriott Marquis, in New York City.
Present at the reunion were company members Kevin Lee Allen, Kieron Murphy, Scott Parson, Jim Maxson, Gloria Skurski, Margo Gruber, W. Stuart McDowell, Michael Canick, Andrew Achsen, Herman Petras, Robert Mooney, Eric Hoffmann, and Dan Southern (aka Dan Smith).
Also present were Lisa Graham Parson, Pedro Ruiz, Cindy Ratzlaff, Charles Borkas, and photographer Claire McDowell.
See also
References
Further reading
Riverside Shakespeare Company in Shakespeare Companies and Festivals: An International Guide (1995)
Shakespearean theatre companies
Arts organizations based in New York City
Shakespeare festivals in the United States
Arts organizations established in 1977
Arts organizations disestablished in the 20th century
1977 establishments in New York City
1997 disestablishments in New York (state)
Defunct Theatre companies in New York City |
Der Zwerg (The Dwarf), Op. 17, is an opera in one act by Austrian composer Alexander von Zemlinsky to a libretto by Georg C. Klaren, freely adapted from the short story "The Birthday of the Infanta" by Oscar Wilde.
Composition history
Zemlinsky's choice of this story was a reflection of the end of his relationship with Alma Mahler, and the identification he felt with the drama's main character. He completed the short score in December 1919 and the orchestration in January 1921. The score was published by Universal Edition Vienna.
Performance history
The opera's premiere took place on 28 May 1922 at the Stadttheater Glockengasse in Cologne, Germany, under the baton of Otto Klemperer. Further productions followed in Vienna, Karlsruhe and Prague. Its last performance in Zemlinsky's lifetime was in September 1926 at the Städtische Oper in Berlin-Charlottenburg. The work runs for approximately 90 minutes and is usually paired with another work when performed.
In 1981, the Hamburg State Opera presented the first double-bill of Zemlinsky's two one-act operas Der Zwerg and Eine florentinische Tragödie. Der Zwerg, however, was presented in an abridged version with a substantially altered libretto under the title The Birthday of the Infanta. The first modern performances of the opera as Zemlinsky intended were given in Cologne in February 1996 under the direction of James Conlon. In 2004 'Der Zwerg' was one of the 'Eight Little Greats' season given by Opera North throughout the north of England.
In 2013, the Opéra national de Lorraine in Nancy, who had previously presented Zemlinsky's Der König Kandaules and Eine florentinische Tragödie, continued its exploration of his work with Der Zwerg, presented under the French title Le nain with Erik Fenton as the Dwarf, Helena Juntuen as the Infanta, Eleanore Marguerre as Ghita and Pley Bryjak as Don Estoban. The staging was by Philipp Himmelmann with sets by Raimund Bauer and costumes by Bettina Walter.
The success of the performances in Nancy led to another adaptation in France in 2018 at the Opera de Rennes.
Numi Opera Theatre's inaugural season presented Der Zwerg with excerpts from Oscar Wilde's "Birthday of the Infanta" in Los Angeles in 2019.
In November 2022, Cologne Opera commemorated the centenary of the work's premiere there with a new production directed by Paul-Georg Dittrich and conducted by Lawrence Renes.
Roles
Instrumentation
3 flutes (2nd and 3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes (3rd doubling English horn), 3 clarinets in B-flat/A (2nd doubling E-flat clarinet, 3rd doubling bass clarinet), 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon);
4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, bass tuba;
timpani, percussion (cymbals, bass drum, side drum, triangle, tambourine, tam-tam, xylophone, glockenspiel), harp, celesta, guitar, mandolin;
strings
Offstage music: 3 trumpets; clarinet in C, bassoon, 2 horns, tambourine, mandoline, strings
Synopsis
A sultan has sent a dwarf as a present to the Infanta (Spanish princess) Donna Clara on her birthday. The dwarf is unaware of his physical deformity and becomes infatuated with the Infanta. He sings her a love song and imagines himself her brave knight. She toys with him and gives him a white rose as a present. Left alone, he accidentally uncovers a mirror and sees his own reflection for the first time. In great agitation, he tries to obtain a kiss from the Infanta, but she spurns him and calls him a monster. His heart broken, he dies clutching the white rose as the Infanta rejoins the party.
Recordings
Soile Isokoski, David Kuebler, Iride Martinez, Andrew Collis, Juanita Lascarro, Machiko Obata, Anne Schwanewilms, Frankfurter Kantorei, Gürzenich-Orchester Köln, James Conlon. EMI Classics (live recording), 1996.
Elena Tsallagova, David Butt Philip, Emily Magee, Philipp Jekal, Deutsche Oper Berlin conducted by Donald Runnicles, Tobias Kratzer, stage director. Video recording, Naxos Cat: NBD0108V, 2020.
References
Sources
Antony Beaumont: Zemlinsky. Cornell University Press 2000.
Further reading
Ulrich Wilker: "'Das Schönste ist scheußlich': Alexander Zemlinskys Operneinakter Der Zwerg", in Schriften des Wissenschaftszentrums Arnold Schönberg, volume 9. Böhlau, Wien/Köln/Weimar 2013.
External links
Operas by Alexander Zemlinsky
1922 operas
One-act operas
German-language operas
Operas
Operas based on works by Oscar Wilde |
Antonio Robles-Jimenez is a retired soccer player who played professionally in the USL A-League.
In 1998, Robles signed with the San Diego Flash of the USL A-League. He was the league’s sixth leading scorer and was Second Team All League. The Flash released Robles during the 2000 pre-season. He then moved to the Riverside County Elite of the USL D-3 Pro League.2000 Riverside County Elite 17 (9) In April 2001, Robles rejoined the Flash, but does not appear to have played for them.
References
Living people
1970 births
Riverside County Elite players
San Diego Flash players
A-League (1995–2004) players
USL Second Division players
Men's association football midfielders
American men's soccer players |
Football was contested at the 2017 Summer Universiade from August 18 to 29 in Taipei, Taiwan.
Medal summary
Medal table
Medal events
Men
Sixteen teams will participate in the men's tournament.
Teams
Pool A
Pool B
Pool C
Pool D
Women
Thirteen teams will participate in the women's tournament.
Teams
Pool A
Pool B
Pool C
Pool D
References
External links
2017 Summer Universiade – Football
Result book – Football
2017
Football
2017
2017 in association football |
Sportswoman of the Year is the name of several awards:
Sunday Times Sportswomen of the Year Awards
Sports Illustrated's Sportsman of the Year award, if awarded to a woman |
Windsor and Eton are twin towns, in the English county of Berkshire, separated by the River Thames and joined by Windsor Bridge. The towns are sometimes treated as one (for example in the naming of the local railway stations), and sometimes as separate entities.
For more information see the separate articles:
Windsor
Eton
See also
Windsor & Eton Central railway station
Windsor & Eton Riverside railway station
Windsor & Eton F.C. |
Cornelis Pieter Eecen (17 June 1898 – 25 December 1988) was a Dutch rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1898 births
1988 deaths
Dutch male rowers
Olympic rowers for the Netherlands
Rowers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from North Holland |
"In My Arms" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album, X (2007). The track was written by Minogue, Paul Harris, Julian Peake and its producers Calvin Harris and Richard "Biff" Stannard. The song was released as the worldwide second single from the album on 15 February 2008, while it served as the third single in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. The song was introduced by Minogue while she was recording in a studio in Brighton.
"In My Arms" is a synth-pop inspired song, which features elements of retro and dance music. The song received generally favourable reviews from music critics, with some praising the lyrics and deeming it as one of the best tracks on the album. However, some reviewers were critical towards the production of the song. Commercially, "In My Arms" was generally successful, peaking inside the top ten in countries including Romania, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Germany and the United Kingdom. However, the song experienced lower success in her native Australia, where it peaked at thirty-five, becoming her lowest charting single since "Cowboy Style" (1998).
The music video for "In My Arms" was directed by Melina Matsoukas and filmed in Los Angeles, California, along with the video for "Wow". Minogue has performed the song on five of her concert tours, most recently during her Kylie Summer 2015 tour.
Background and release
Before the production of X, Minogue was diagnosed with breast cancer on 17 May 2005, leading to the postponement of the remainder of her Showgirl: The Greatest Hits Tour and her withdrawal from the Glastonbury Festival. While recovering in Melbourne, Minogue began writing lyrics towards the end of her cancer treatment in mid-2006, having not worked on any music for the previous year. Due to the recovery time following her cancer, X was the first album Minogue had consciously prepared for the recording of, having previously been engaged for much of her career in a routine of recording, releasing and promoting albums.
"In My Arms" was served as the album's second single worldwide, while it was the third single in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Because of this, the aftermath single was "Wow", which was the second single in those countries. However, because "In My Arms" was not released in North America, "Wow" was then served as the only club single in that country as they wanted "All I See" as the first mainstream single in North America. However, after the release, it was unsuccessful in the charts. It is also noted that "In My Arms" was released one day before the single "Wow". Musically, "In My Arms" is a synthpop and dance-pop inspired song. It is Minogue's first single to be issued on 7-inch vinyl since 1997's "Some Kind of Bliss".
Minogue also featured foreign artists on the track in certain territories. EMI Music Taiwan announced on 15 October 2007 that Minogue had recorded a duet of the song with Taiwanese singer Jolin Tsai, which was included on the Asian edition of X released in November 2007. EMI Music asked Mexican singer-songwriter Aleks Syntek to record some vocals in Spanish for the song in early 2008. The song was first published through Syntek's official YouTube channel on 24 April 2008, and was later confirmed by EMI and the Mexican press that the song was indeed real and was set to be released to Mexican radio stations in the last week of April. It was later confirmed that the song would be included on Syntek's compilation album, Best of 1989–2009, released in Mexico in June 2008. A special Mexican edition of X was also planned for release in May, but it was then delayed to 26 August 2008.
Music video
The music video for "In My Arms" was directed by Melina Matsoukas and filmed in Los Angeles, California, along with the video for "Wow". There are five main sequences: the first features Minogue dressed in a crimson and white-chequered outfit, designed by Gareth Pugh with futuristic sunglasses; the second has Minogue singing into a microphone, on a blue recording room; the third scene is with a troupe of dancers; the fourth features Minogue in a yellow dress dancing in a pink box; and in the final scene she dances in front of a giant fan wearing a Dolce & Gabbana dress. As the video concludes, the five scenes are intercut and gradually fade. The video premiered on the Internet on 29 January 2008. It premiered on television stations across Europe on 31 January 2008. "In My Arms" is one of Minogue's highest viewed videos with over 20 million views on YouTube.
Reception
Critical response
"In My Arms" garnered positive reviews from music critics. Tom Ewing in a review for Pitchfork compared the song to French electronic music duo Justice and wrote that Minogue "bounces around the tune with gusto". Prefix Magazine reviewer Bruce Scott described it as "fuzzed-out" and "synth heavy", and wrote that it was "full of the kind of exuberant charm that made a track like 'Love at First Sight' a past hit". According to Evan Sawdey from PopMatters, the song is "a track that absolutely demands your attention".
Mark Sutherland from Billboard gave a positive review, writing, "You'll search in vain for insight into her recent personal traumas, but there's still plenty of heart and soul [...] her best batch of tunes in a while." Peter Robinson from The Observer said about the song that "the high points are best viewed as four great tracks for her next greatest hits collection rather than any reflection of this album's cohesion." Jax Spike from About.com considered it as a sublime track "which flow evenly throughout and are definitely great songs to pass the time by at your favorite skating alley."
There were also some negative reviews. In a review for AllMusic, Christopher True was not impressed with "In My Arms" and called the song "cold, calculated dance-pop". Joan Anderman from The Boston Globe said that the song is an "icy dance-pop anthem." Dave Hughes from Slant Magazine, wrote, "the filmsy, nearly-punk Calvin Harris production 'In My Arms', which is essentially what a neon-orange feather boa would sound like if it were a song."
Chart performance
In Belgium, the track debuted on the Flemish singles chart at number thirty-three on 3 February 2008. The following week it rose to number fourteen. The track was also successful on Belgium's Walloon singles chart where it reached number eleven. "In My Arms" reached number eight in Greece and Germany—where it became Minogue's first top ten single since 2003's "Slow"—, as well as number ten in France on the physical chart and number two on the downloads chart, becoming her biggest hit in France since 2001's "Can't Get You Out of My Head". Elsewhere, the song reached the top spot in Romania, the top five in the Czech Republic and Turkey, the top ten in Slovakia and Switzerland, and the top twenty in Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden.
The single entered the UK Singles Chart at number sixty-nine on downloads alone, peaking at number ten three weeks later. In Australia, "In My Arms" became Minogue's lowest-charting single in a decade (since 1998's "Cowboy Style"), peaking at number thirty-five and spending only two weeks in the top fifty. In the United States, though the song was not released officially, it received moderate airplay, charting on the American radio airplay chart in the first day of the plays at American radio.
Live performances
Since the song was released, "In My Arms" has been performed at all of Minogue's tours bar the Anti Tour. In 2008, Minogue performed the song on her KylieX2008, promoting the album X. It was performed as the last song in the act entitled Black Versus White'. This was the fourth act in the Opening Night set order, which the song was followed by a performance of "Love at First Sight" which ended the act, the seventh in the Main Set and Open Air / Amphitheater sets and fifth in the Festival set, where "In My Arms" finished all three. Minogue then performed the song on her North American tour in later 2009. It was served as the last song of the sets until the encore. The song was most recently performed on Minogue's Aphrodite: Les Folies Tour in 2011. It was a more rock-oriented version of the song and was performed as the last song of the first half of the show. The song was performed after a remixed version of "Confide in Me" and a rock version of "Can't Get You Out of My Head". Minogue wore a big, open bottomed dress that was a turquoise colour with big silver platforms. Minogue also performed it on the Kiss Me Once Tour where it served as the second song after a performance of Les Sex. Exclusively on her São Paulo show in 2020, Minogue performed the song.
Formats and track listings
Australian CD single
"In My Arms" — 3:32
"In My Arms" (Death Metal Disco Scene remix) — 5:43
"In My Arms" (Sebastien Léger mix) — 7:04
"Can't Get You Out of My Head" (Greg Kurstin remix) — 4:05
UK CD1 and limited-edition 7-inch single
"In My Arms" — 3:32
"Can't Get You Out of My Head" (Greg Kurstin remix) — 4:05
UK CD2
"In My Arms" — 3:32
"In My Arms" (Death Metal Disco Scene remix) — 5:43
"In My Arms" (Sebastien Léger mix) — 7:04
"In My Arms" (video)
UK limited-edition 12-inch picture disc
A1. "In My Arms" — 3:32
B1. "In My Arms" (Spitzer Remix) — 5:05
B2. "In My Arms" (Sebastien Léger Remix) — 7:05
European CD single 1
"In My Arms" — 3:32
"Cherry Bomb" — 4:16
European CD single 2
"In My Arms" — 3:32
"Do It Again" — 3:23
"Carried Away" — 3:15
Personnel
Credits adapted from the X liner notes.
Kylie Minogue – lead vocals
Calvin Harris – producer
Richard "Biff" Stannard – producer
Geoff Pesche – mastering
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Release history
See also
List of Romanian Top 100 number ones of the 2000s
References
External links
"In My Arms" on Kylie's official website (Archived).
2007 songs
2008 singles
Kylie Minogue songs
Music videos directed by Melina Matsoukas
Number-one singles in Poland
Number-one singles in Romania
Song recordings produced by Richard Stannard (songwriter)
Songs written by Calvin Harris
Songs written by Kylie Minogue
Songs written by Richard Stannard (songwriter)
Articles containing video clips |
Ghatothkach is a 2008 Indian animated film based on the life of the Mahabharata character Ghatotkacha, the son of Bhima and Hidimba. The film is written and directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao, who also scored the soundtrack. The film was premiered at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival in the International Critics' Week, and was also premiered to special mention at the Grand Finale – Children's Film Festival 2014 of the 44th International Film Festival of India.
It was followed by a direct-to-video sequel, Ghatothkach 2, in 2013. Directed by Vijay S. Bhanushali and Smita Maroo it further follows the adventures of the child Ghatotkacha.
See also
List of indian animated feature films
References
2008 films
2008 animated films
Indian animated fantasy films
Hindu mythological films
Animated comedy films
Animated feature films
Animated musical films
Animated films about elephants
Films about wish fulfillment
Films based on fairy tales
Films set in Asia
Genies in film
Indian musical fantasy films
Films directed by Singeetam Srinivasa Rao
Animated films based on the Mahabharata
Indian children's films
2000s children's animated films
Hindu mythology in popular culture
Indian mythology in popular culture
2000s English-language films
2000s Hindi-language films |
Eskandarlu (, also Romanized as Eskandarlū) is a village in Hendudur Rural District, Sarband District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 71, in 18 families.
References
Populated places in Shazand County |
The Lae Bombers (from 2006 onwards they were known as the Lae LBC Bombers for sponsorship reasons) was a rugby league team that represented the Morobe Province in the PNG NRL competition. They were involved in the competition from 1990 until 2012. They played their home-ground matches in the city of Lae, the second largest city in Papua New Guinea.
History
Since the inception of the SP Cup Competition in 1990, the LBC Lae Bombers were been one of the most consistent and competitive teams to participate in the competition. The Bombers had LBC - Lae Builders and Contractors as their major sponsor since 1990, making the partnership the longest in the game's history.
Notable players
Lae players to have represented Papua New Guinea include Makali Aizue, Augustine Justine, John Okul and Titus Maima.
See also
References
External links
Rugby league teams in Papua New Guinea
Rugby clubs established in 1990
1990 establishments in Papua New Guinea
Lae |
Kayaralam is one of the villages in Mayyil Gram panchayat in the Kannur District, state of Kerala, India.
Demographics
As of 2011 Census, Kayaralam had a population of 17,159 with 8,042 males (46.9%) and 9,117 females (53.1%). Kayaralam village has an area of with 3,800 families residing in it. The average male female sex ratio was 1,134 higher than state average of 1,084. In Kayaralam, 11.75% of the population was under 6 years age. Kayaralam had overall literacy of 94.1% higher than state average of 94%.
Administration
Before the formation of the Mayyil panchayath, it was a panchayath. Orappadi is the nearest town.
Transportation
The national highway passes through Valapattanam town. Goa and Mumbai can be accessed on the northern side and Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of Iritty connects to Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest railway station is Kannur on Mangalore-Palakkad line.
Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet. There are airports at Mattanur, Mangalore and Calicut. All of them are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern countries.
References
Villages near Mayyil |
Agripina Prima Rahmanto Putra also known as Agripina Prima Rahmanto Pamungkas (born 20 January 1991) is an Indonesian badminton player from Jaya Raya Jakarta badminton club. He was selected to join the national team in 2010.
Personal life
He is the son of the former Indonesian badminton player Sigit Pamungkas. He graduated at the Montfort Secondary School in Singapore.
Achievements
ASEAN University Games
Mixed doubles
BWF Grand Prix
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.
Men's doubles
BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
BWF Grand Prix tournament
BWF International Challenge/Series
Men's doubles
Mixed doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
Performance timeline
Individual competitions
Senior level
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Indonesian male badminton players
21st-century Indonesian people |
Miracle Park may refer to:
Miracle Park (community), a Floridian religious community for sex offenders
Miracle Park, a facility for physically and mentally challenged children in Gardendale, Alabama
Miracles Park, a park in Detroit, see The Miracles
See also
Miracle Beach Provincial Park, British Columbia
Miracle Strip Amusement Park, Florida
Miracle Strip at Pier Park, Florida |
The Pacific EP is the debut extended play by indie rock band Holy Holy, released on 28 March 2014 by Wonderlick Entertainment and distributed by Sony Music Australia.
Release
The Pacific EP was released on CD, digital download and streaming on 28 March 2014. The EP was released by Wonderlick Entertainment, with distribution by Sony Music Australia.
Singles
The Pacific EP was preceded by three singles.
"Impossible Like You" was released in July 2013 as the EP's lead single.
"House of Cards" was released on 28 February 2014 as the EP's second single.
"Impossible Like You" was re-released on 21 March 2014 as the EP's third and final single.
Critical reception
Labelling the release "pure quality", Liz Elleson of The Brag said: "The songwriting is simple but nostalgic and anthemic, and the EP as a whole is densely musical and texturally fascinating."
Ally Cole of AAA Backstage said: "The Pacific EP is a release full of crescendos. With lyrics covering themes of humanity in the unknown, mortality and divinity, the four songs drive home narratives with building soundtracks of duelling guitars, harmony-riddled vocals and commanding percussion." Cole continued, saying: "the strength of Holy Holy can simply be put down to a sheer dedication to craft. Their songs have a timeless quality, fusing impeccable songwriting, thought-provoking lyrics, near-flawless performances, and lush production."
Oliver Friend of Forte Magazine believed the EP would make many "indie festival fans very happy and excited" and labelled "House of Cards" the standout track.
Alexander Crowden from Beat Magazine said the EP sounded "something like all of the best indie-rock songs of the past two years combined into four tracks", before concluding the review by saying "[The Pacific EP] is a creative and enjoyable first step".
Gemma Bastiani of The AU Review wrote "The Pacific makes its way into your head and swirls around until you are well and truly satisfied with your choice to listen." She added that the band had "manage[d] to pull off one of the hardest things in modern music: drawing clear inspiration from matured acts, while still sounding completely fresh and new."
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the EP's liner notes.
Musicians
Holy Holy
Timothy Carroll – writing, vocals, guitar
Oscar Dawson – writing, guitar, keyboards , bass
Ryan Strathie – writing , drums
Matt Redlich – keyboard
Other musicians
Hannah Macklin – backing vocals
Joe Franklin – bass
Myka Wallace – drums
Technical
William Bowden – mastering
Matt Redlich – mixing, production
Artwork
Charles Hillhouse – cover
Phoebe Jojo Dann – design
References
External links
2014 debut EPs
Holy Holy (Australian band) EPs
Albums produced by Matt Redlich
Sony Music Australia EPs
Wonderlick Entertainment EPs |
Bernard Jean Darniche (born 28 March 1942 in Cenon, a commune in the Gironde department) is a French former rally driver. He won the European Rally Championship in 1976 and 1977 and the French Rally Championship in 1976 and 1978, each time behind the wheel of a Lancia Stratos HF. He also holds the record for most victories in the Tour de Corse which he won six times (1970, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979 and 1981), a feat later equalled by Didier Auriol.
He competed in the first World Rally Championships in 1973, winning the 16th Moroccan Rally and placing second in the 44th Alpine Rally, and was one of the top competitors for the remainder of the decade. He finished third in the inaugural FIA Cup for Rally Drivers in 1977, the first of three successive top ten finishes in the drivers' championship.
He also won the Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo in 1979, the event where he holds the record for most wins on the infamous Col de Turini stage, a 1,600 m Alpine mountain pass normally driven in darkness. The so-called "Night of the Long Knives" has seen Darniche victorious on ten occasions.
WRC victories
Complete IMC results
24 Hours of Le Mans results
References
External links
Profile of Darniche and list of results, Rallybase.nl
1942 births
Living people
French rally drivers
European Rally Championship drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
World Rally Championship drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers
Audi Sport drivers
BMW M drivers
Oreca drivers |
Gmina Kołaczkowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Kołaczkowo, which lies approximately south of Września and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 6,097.
Villages
Gmina Kołaczkowo contains the villages and settlements of Bieganowo, Borzykowo, Budziłowo, Cieśle Małe, Cieśle Wielkie, Gałęzewice, Gorazdowo, Grabowo Królewskie, Kołaczkowo, Krzywa Góra, Łagiewki, Sokolniki, Spławie, Szamarzewo, Wszembórz, Zieliniec and Żydowo
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Kołaczkowo is bordered by the gminas of Lądek, Miłosław, Pyzdry, Strzałkowo, Września and Żerków.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Kolaczkowo |
The music of Greenland is a mixture of two primary strands, Inuit and Danish, mixed with influences from the United States and United Kingdom.
Greenland's musical character has been described as "definitely a rock country, both musically and literally" according to Greenlandic drummer Hans Rosenberg. The Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs describes all Greenlandic music except the drum dances as influenced by external styles.
Folk music
The Inuit and the Danish peoples of Greenland have both maintained their distinct styles of folk music. Country-wide folk traditions included storytelling, which declined greatly after the introduction of the South Greenland Printing Press in 1857.
Traditional music which has best survived European contact can be found in the east and northeast of the island. It includes sacred drum dances played on an oval drum made of a wooden frame with a bear-bladder on top. Drum dances are the "only truly indigenous music" in Greenland, and are part of a roots revival in modern times. Shamans used drums as part of their religious affairs and sometimes organized singing duels between rivals in which the performer who got the most laughs from the audience won. Inuit drum dances were a declining tradition and in modern Greenland are being replaced by amateur theater groups like Silamiut, who used elements of indigenous music with masks, face painting and other techniques.
Piseq are a form of personal song that comment on daily life; these are often handed down from generation to generation. Greenlandic Inuit folk songs are performed to tell stories, play games and tease or charm others.
Inuit music
The Inuit of Greenland share a musical tradition with related peoples across the Canadian territories of the Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, as well as the US state of Alaska and part of eastern Russia. Greenlandic Inuit are part of the Eastern Arctic group; the Eastern Arctic Inuit of Canada and Alaska are part of the same music area as the Central Arctic Inuit, as opposed to the distinct styles of the Western Inuit.
Greenlandic Inuit music is largely based around singing and drums, the latter being generally reserved for large celebrations and other gatherings. Though there is much folk vocal music, there is no Inuit purely instrumental tradition with no accompaniment by singing or dancing. Greenlandic drums are mostly frame drums made of animal skin stretched over a wooden frame and decorated with decorative and symbolic motifs by the drummer. Aside from drums, whistles, bull-roarers and buzzers are also widespread, and the jaw harp and fiddle are both found, most likely recent imports.
Historical recordings of this music are done since 1905. This traditional Greenlandic music is performed also today.
Drum dances
Greenlandic drum dances are, like the relatives found in Eastern and Central Canada, based around a single dancer who composes songs sung by his family while he dances, usually in a , a snow-house built just for community events such as the drum dance. The men's drum dancing skills are evaluated by his endurance in his lengthy performance and the nature of his compositions. Drum dances are an important element of Greenlandic Inuit cultural cohesion, and function as personal expression, pure entertainment and social sanction.
Many drum dances are competitive in nature, featuring two song cousins who humorously sing and dance, while pointing out the flaws in the other. This is generally a light-hearted, convivial event, but is also sometimes used to settle serious duels between warring families or individuals; the jokes are prepared ahead of time and the person who evokes the most laughter from the audience is considered the victor.
Other Inuit folk song traditions
Many Inuit folk games revolve around song as well, including string games, hide-and-seek, juggling and rhymes and riddles. The katajjaq tradition is also well-known; it is a vocal contest between two women, standing facing each other. They sing songs, using throat-singing and imitating animal cries or other sounds. Katajjaq is a game, but is often stopped because both women begin laughing.
In addition to the drum dance and game songs, Greenlandic Inuit have a tradition of (, personal song) songs. These are expressive, spiritual, superstitious or narrative and may be composed for drum dances. and other vocal traditions aside from song games include a number of styles and tones, which vary depending on the social context of the performance. For example, a soft vocal tone is used both for character illustration in a narrative song and for personal songs in private settings. Many songs use only a few real words, interspersed among numerous vocables, or non-lexical syllables like . Inuit songs are strophic and mostly use six different pitches; textual and melodic motifs are common. A song's word length and accentuation determines the rhythm, giving the songs a recitative-like style.
European music
With the arrival of Danes, new instruments and forms of European-derived music became popular like the fiddle, accordion and Christian hymns, while Moravian missionaries introduced violins, brass instruments and a tradition of purely instrumental music. The most influential Moravian importation, however, was the polyphonic choir, which has produced popular modern vocal groups like Mik. () is a long-standing form of Inuit polka, which produced popular songs and virtuosos like accordion player Louis Andreasen. There is also a modern style called vaigat, which is similar to country music.
Classical music
Some composers of European classical music have Greenlandic themes in their music, including Poul Rovsing Olsen and Adrian Vernon Fish whose output includes over fifty works inspired by Greenland, its terrain, icescapes and music. Among his oeuvre are the four Greenland symphonies (numbers 3, 4, 10 and 13). The modern composer Mads Lumholdt (also member of the orchestra Northern Voices, singer in the orchestra Nowhereland and in No Offence, a vocal band) has become well-known, and his work Shaman, which debuted at the 2004-5 Etoiles Polaires Arctic Culture Festival was nominated for the Nordic Council Music Prize for its fusion of traditional Greenlandic music with modern styles and technology. The Nordic describes his work as "seeking to allow the traditional Greenlandic culture to be communicated through contemporary cultural language in such a way that respect for the original culture is preserved on the one hand yet passed on to a broader, contemporary audience on the other hand".
Greenland's national anthem is "Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit", which translates as Our Country, Who's Become So Old. It has been official since 1916, and was composed by Jonathan Petersen with words by Henrik Lund, both Greenlanders.
Popular music
Greenland was isolated from modern North American and European popular music until well into the mid-20th century. Early popular groups included the pioneering local Nuuk Orleans Jazz Band.
Hip hop
Since 1984, American hip hop has had a major influence, and a hip hop crew, Nuuk Posse, has been one of the most successful groups of recent years.
Rock
The Greenlandic rock and pop began in earnest in 1973, when ULO released the band Sume's Sumut; it was purchased by an estimated twenty percent of Greenland's total population, and singlehandedly kickstarted the local rock scene by uniquely singing in the Greenlandic language and using elements of traditional drum dances in the music. The singer Rasmus Lyberth did the most to change Greenlandic music by performing for simple entertainment rather than functionality; indeed, he took part in the Danish preselection for the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest, performing in Greenlandic. Other local performers of note include G-60 and Ole Kristiansen. The 1980s saw Greenland become home to a number of bands inspired by Jamaican reggae and African American funk, like Aalut and Zikaza. Modern Greenland is home to the annual Nipiaa rock festival, held in Aasiaat, and performers like Chilly Friday, throat-singer Sylvia Watt-Cloutier and Karina Moller.
Famous modern rock bands include Kalaat, Siissisoq, Angu Motzfeldt, Pukuut, X-it, Fiassuit, Nanook, Small Time Giants and UltimaCorsa.
Metal
A growing metal scene has emerged in Greenland, with black and death metal groups such as The Perfect Mass, Moonlight Drowns, Failed to Failure and Silence.cold.alone. beginning to release music through the 2010s. One early pioneer of Greenlandic Metal is Arctic Spirits, who sing exclusively in the Inuit language.
Music industry
The largest record label in Greenland is ULO, from the town of Sisimiut; it was created by Malik Hoegh and Karsten Sommer. ULO releases both Greenlandic rock bands like Sume, pop singers like Rasmus Lyberth, and hip hop music crews like Nuuk Posse as well as Inuit folk music. Elements of modern Greenlandic music have also been used in the music of Kristian Blak, a Danish-Faroese jazz musician.
Summertime festivals called have become an important part of modern Greenlandic culture, and are based on an older custom that was revived in the 20th century along with drum dances and other elements.
Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa (Radio Greenland) is the most important media institution in the country. It is an independent body administered by the Government of Greenland.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
transcription and translation of the national anthem |
Rubstic (1969-1995) was a British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse who competed in National Hunt racing.
Rubstic was owned by the former Scottish international rugby player John Douglas. He became the first Scottish-trained horse to win the Grand National when he won the 1979 race.
Racing career
Rubstic won the Grand National at the first time of asking in 1979 under jockey Maurice Barnes. The win was even more remarkable as it marked the National debuts for not only the horse but also for the jockey, trainer and owner.
Rubstic came into the race as the smallest horse on the card and was seen as an outsider but he ran well and despite a mistake on the second fence from which he managed to recover he pulled away from Zongalero in the final straight to win by 2 lengths. The race was heavily influenced by loose horses and only seven runners finished as the race was marred by two fatalities.
Rubstic would go on to race in the next two Nationals. He fell for the only time in his career during the 1980 Grand National at the 15th fence before returning a year later and finishing seventh in 1981.
In 1995 Rubstic died at the age of 26 in Ladykirk where he had been living in retirement under the care of his former trainer John Leadbetter.
Grand National record
Pedigree
References
1969 racehorse births
Racehorses bred in the United Kingdom
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Grand National winners
1995 racehorse deaths |
KWSB may stand for:
Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, is responsible for production, transmission and distribution of potable water to the citizens of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
KWSB-FM, a college radio station based at Western State College of Colorado in Gunnison. |
The Heitlistock is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located between the Klein Melchtal and the Melchtal in the canton of Obwalden. It is situated west of Stöckalp.
References
External links
Heitlistock on Hikr
Mountains of the Alps
Mountains of Obwalden
Mountains of Switzerland |
Nathan Paulse (born 7 April 1982 in Cape Town, Western Cape) is a South African Football Coach and retired professional footballer who played as a striker for Ajax Cape Town and was capped at international level for South Africa. As a professional footballer he played at the elite professional level in South Africa and Sweden from the age of 17 until 37. He recently was the Assistant Coach of Cape Town Spurs 1st Team who plays in the South African National First Division. He is also the owner of Starting XI Revolution Career Development Service, a company specialising in elite athlete mindset development for both amateur and professional footballers in Southern Africa. Paulse was also an Supersport 4 television pundit, sharing his analysis of local PSL matches as well frequent contributions to print media.
Career
He left Ajax Cape Town in the summer of 2008, signing a three-and-one-half-year contract with Swedish club Hammarby IF.
He played his first game for Hammarby the same day that he signed for them, when Hammarby faced Malmö FF and won 4–2. He scored his first goal for the club in the Swedish Cup quarterfinal against Valsta Syrianska IK. Despite a successful first season, he failed to impress during the two following seasons and, when Hammarby was relegated at the end of the 2009 season, he moved on loan to his former team Ajax Cape Town FC from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2010 with a buy-out clause. Following the 2016–17 season, Paulse retired from play.
Honours
Club
Ajax Cape Town
MTN 8: 2015
References
External links
1982 births
South African men's soccer players
South Africa men's international soccer players
South African expatriate men's soccer players
Living people
Cape Town Spurs F.C. players
Bloemfontein Celtic F.C. players
Platinum Stars F.C. players
SuperSport United F.C. players
Hammarby Fotboll players
South African Premier Division players
Allsvenskan players
Cape Coloureds
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
Soccer players from Cape Town
Men's association football forwards |
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