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Olga Lounová (born 7 March 1981) is a Czech singer-songwriter, actress, model and rally driver. Born and raised in Osečná (Lázně Kundratice) near the town of Liberec. She attended the Jaroslav Ježek Conservatory in Prague studying Musical Theatre and she later received a master's degree in education.
Bio
Before launching her career as a solo artist, Olga was lead singer and founder of the band Blind Angie and Calathea. She then was the winner of the International Music Competition with the song K výškám ("To Heights") in Latvia and a finalist in the competition in Vitebsk, Belarus.
Her singing career began to soar in 2010 with the release of the song Láska v housce ("Love in a bun")which became the "#1 song of the year" and by her performance as the opening act for PINK. In 2011, she released the studio album Rotující nebe ("Rotating sky") and in 2012 she launched her concert tour of Optický klam ("Optical illusion"), which was later released as a double CD/DVD.
In 2012 and 2013 she followed this up with the hit single Dál za obzor ("Beyond the horizon") with legendary Czech singer, Karel Gott, and her single Brány svaté ("Holy Gates").
In 2015 and 2016 she followed this up with the single Stará žena ("Old Lady"), Jsem optimista ("I'm an Optimist") and English single's When the music's on and I Own Ya
Olga as an actress
As an actress, Olga has had a prolific career in film and television and has logged over 1,800 live performances between her concerts and Musical Theatre performances.
She has appeared in 73 episodes of Czech version of Ugly Betty as Patricie as well as numerous episodes of The Mall, Ulice and Vyprávěj.
Olga starred in the 2010 Czech film Tacho for famous husband and wife team Mirjam and Daniel Landa. Other film appearances are in the 2012 release Amputace as Aurora, Román pro ženy as Bludička, and appearances in Blade II, XXX with Vin Diesel, and Ripper.
On stage she has starred in Perfect Wedding, Kat Mydlář, Golem, Dracula, and Carmen. In the late part of 2014, she will appear as Rosie in the premiere of Mamma Mia! in Prague.
Filmography
Television
Rally s Olgou (2012)
The Mall (2012) Prima TV
Ulice (2011—2012) Nova TV
Vyprávěj (2009—2012) Česka Televize
Ugly Betty (2008—2009) Prima TV
Film
Amputace (2012) "Aurora”
Tacho (2010) "Lucie”
Roman Pro Zeny (2006) "Bludička”
Blade II (2002) "Prostitute”
XXX (Vin Diesel) 2002 "waitress”
Ripper (2001)
Theatre
Mamma Mia! (2014) "Rosie”
Perfect Wedding (2013)
Kat Mydlař (2011—2013)
Golem (2009—2011)
Dracula (2009)
Dobre Placena Prochazka (2009)
Carmen (2008) "Carmen”
Olza (2008)
Malované Na Skle (2008)
Discography
Albums
Chuť Svobody ("The Taste of Freedom") (2015) Studio Album
Optický klam ("Optical Illusion") (2013) Double CD/DVD
Rotující nebe ("Rotating Sky") (2011) Studio Album
Singles
"Dark water" (2020) Single
"When The Music's On" (2016) Single
"Jsem optimista" (2015) Single
"Brány svaté" (2013) Single
"Dál za obzor" (2012) Hit-Single-duet with Karel Gott
References
External links
Olga Lounova WRC results
Living people
1981 births
Czech film actresses
Czech women singer-songwriters
Czech stage actresses
Czech television actresses
Musicians from Liberec
Actors from Liberec |
Daniel Webster Warner (October 1, 1857 – May 14, 1933) was a farmer, rancher and Canadian federal politician.
Warner first ran for a seat in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1917 Canadian federal election in the Battle River district. He ran in that election as a Laurier Liberal candidate and was defeated in a close race by Unionist candidate William John Blair. Warner would run again in the 1921 Canadian federal election this time as a Progressive Party of Canada candidate. He would defeat incumbent Conservative James McCrie Douglas and another candidate in a landslide. Warner served 1 term in Federal Parliament before attempting re-election in the 1925 Canadian federal election His electoral district of Strathcona was abolished so he ran in the new Wetaskiwin district. He would be defeated by Liberal candidate and former provincial MLA Stanley Tobin.
External links
1857 births
1933 deaths
People from Keokuk County, Iowa
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta
Progressive Party of Canada MPs
Candidates in the 1917 Canadian federal election
Liberal Party of Canada candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
American emigrants to Canada |
Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ25 (or DMC-ZS15 in North America) is a digital camera by Panasonic Lumix. The highest-resolution pictures it records is 12.1 megapixels, through its 24mm Ultra Wide-Angle Leica DC VARIO-ELMAR.
Property
24 mm LEICA DC
16x optical zoom
High Sensitivity MOS sensor
Full HD movies
POWER O.I.S. with Active mode
Creative Control, Panorama Shot e 3D Photo modes
References
External links
DMC-TZ25 on panasonic.it
Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ25 review
Point-and-shoot cameras
TZ25
Superzoom cameras |
Thanh Bình is a rural district of Đồng Tháp province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. As of 2003, the district had a population of 158,203, rising to 162,130 in 2004. The district covers an area of 329 km². The district capital lies at Thanh Bình.
Divisions
The district is divided into one urban ward and 11 communes:
Thanh Bình (ward), Bình Thành, Tân Mỹ, Phú Lợi, Tân Phú, Tân Thạnh, An Phong, Tân Long, Tân Quới, Tân Hoà, Tân Huề and Tân Bình.
References
Districts of Đồng Tháp province |
Shane Bergman (born February 9, 1990) is a retired Canadian football offensive lineman who played in seven seasons for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He is a two-time Grey Cup champion having won in 2014 and 2018 and was a CFL-All Star in 2019. He played CIS football at the University of Western Ontario and attended Waterford District High School in Waterford, Ontario.
Early years
Bergman played football for the Waterford District High School Wolves. He helped the team win a league championship in 2009.
College career
Bergman played CIS football for the Western Ontario Mustangs.
Professional career
Bergman was drafted by the Calgary Stampeders in the sixth round with the 48th pick in the 2013 CFL Draft. He signed with the Stampeders on May 21, 2013. He made his CFL debut on November 1, 2013 against the BC Lions. He started 14 games at left guard during the 2014 season.
In 2019, he was the Stampeders' Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman. He did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 CFL season and he announced his retirement on January 27, 2021.
References
External links
Just Sports Stats
Calgary Stampeders bio
Living people
1990 births
Players of Canadian football from Ontario
Canadian football offensive linemen
Western Mustangs football players
Calgary Stampeders players
Sportspeople from Norfolk County, Ontario |
New Blood is a 1999 Canadian-British action thriller film written and directed by Michael Hurst and starring John Hurt, Nick Moran, Carrie-Anne Moss, Shawn Wayans and Joe Pantoliano.
Cast
John Hurt as Alan White
Nick Moran as Danny White
Carrie-Anne Moss as Leigh
Shawn Wayans as Valentine
Joe Pantoliano as Hellman
Gouchy Boy as Lawrence
Eugene Robert Glazer as Mr. Ryan
Richard Fitzpatrick as Lt. Caldercourt
Alan Peterson as Frayerling
Rob Freeman as Robert Williams
Arthur Eng as Yin Yang
Alex Karzis as Webster
Reception
David Stratton of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, "It’s a convoluted setup for what’s basically a standard thriller, but thanks to persuasive performances from Hurt and, especially, Moran, it just about works."
References
External links
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Michael Hurst |
Begenyash (; , Bägänäş) is a rural locality (a village) in Pervomaysky Selsoviet, Sterlitamaksky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 290 in 2010. There are three streets.
Geography
Begenyash is located northwest of Sterlitamak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Vladimirovka is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Sterlitamaksky District |
Abrepo is a suburb of Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is also the location for Kumasi Girls Senior High School and Islamic Senior High School, Kumasi.
Populated places in the Ashanti Region |
Trevignano is a town and comune in the province of Treviso, Veneto, Italy. It is a scattered municipality as the municipal seat is not located in the locality of the same name but in nearby Falzè.
Origins of the name
The toponym is a predial from the personal Trebinius to which the suffix -ānus has been added.'
Monuments and places of interest
Religious architecture
Parish Church of San Teonisto e Compagni Martiri
Civil architectures
Venetian villas
Villa Bruna
Villa Cadò
Valentine's Cooperative
Villa Coletti
Casa Coletti Previero
Villa Favaretto
Villa Manin
Annex of Villa Onigo
Villa Onigo Farra
Villa Onigo Pasinetti Favotto
Villa Onigo Rinaldi Ninni
Villa Palladini Coletti Pumini
Villa Pasqualetti Oniga
Pizzolato house
Geography
The municipality borders with Istrana, Montebelluna, Paese, Vedelago and Volpago del Montello.
The commune contains the town of Trevignano and the hamlets of Signoressa, Musano and Falzé (listed in order of population size).
Two provincial roads cross the entire municipal territory in an east-west direction (SP 69 Schiavonesca) and north-south (SP 100 of Montebelluna).
The statute recognizes 4 geographical fractions:
Trevignano is located on the SP 69, in the western part of the municipal area;
Falzè (town hall) is located at the crossroads of the aforementioned road with the SP 100;
Signoressa is contiguous to Falzè, always on the SP 69 in an easterly direction;
Musano is instead to the south, along the SP 100.
Demographic evolution
Foreign ethnicities and minorities
As of December 31, 2021, foreigners residents in the municipality were , i.e. % of the population. The largest groups are shown below:
China
Romania
Morocco
Kosovo
Albania
Ghana
Ukraine
Moldova
Economy
Agriculture continues to be practiced successfully thanks to the favorable characteristics of the land: cereals, wheat, vegetables, fodder, vines and orchards are grown. Breeding is also practiced, especially of cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry. The industrial fabric is mainly made up of shoe factories, for example the well-known Lotto and Stonefly. There are also establishments for processing and preserving fruit and vegetables, dairy farms, feed mills and various construction companies. The tertiary sector is made up of the distribution network (supermarkets) and the set of services, including that of a large banking group in the historic centre.
References
External links
Official site |
Liberty Township is one of twelve townships in Porter County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 9,319.
History
Liberty Township was organized in 1836.
Cities and towns
The town of Chesterton has grown south from Westchester Township and has incorporated parts of Liberty Township along State Route 49 near the Indiana Toll Road. Otherwise, there are no incorporated communities within the township.
Other locations
Goodrum Junction was a rail junction in the township located east of the intersection of present-day County Road 950 North and Indiana State Road 49. The Goodrum station was the intersection of interurban feeder routes arriving from Valparaiso (the Valparaiso and Northern Railway) and Chesterton and the terminus of the only constructed section of the Chicago – New York Electric Air Line Railroad. The station connected the line to Gary and LaPorte with passengers from northern and southern portions of Porter County.
The station was also the location of a 300 kilowatt power generation plant that supplied electricity to the railroad. It was named after George C. Goodrum, a significant investor in the railroad. The plant began operation on July 17, 1911, and was destroyed after it was struck by lightning in 1925. It was rebuilt the next year in a different location.
Education
Liberty Township is served by the Duneland School Corporation. The elementary school is Liberty Elementary, which serves grades K-4. Liberty Intermediate School serves grades 5 and 6. Chesterton Middle School serves grades 7 and 8. Its high school is Chesterton High School which serves grade 9–12.
References
External links
Indiana Township Association
United Township Association of Indiana
Townships in Porter County, Indiana
Townships in Indiana |
Diemeniana frenchi is a species of cicada in the Cicadinae subfamily, native to Victoria and New South Wales in Australia. It was described by William Lucas Distant in 1907.
References
Cicadidae
Arthropods of Victoria (state)
Arthropods of New South Wales |
Alfredo Daniel Lopes Bóia (born 28 November 1975) is a former Portuguese football player.
Club career
He made his Primeira Liga debut for União Leiria on 24 October 1999 in a game against Campomaiorense.
Honours
Portugal Under-18
UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 1994
References
External links
1975 births
People from Espinho, Portugal
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers
Amora F.C. players
Liga Portugal 2 players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
C.D. Aves players
A.D. Esposende players
U.D. Leiria players
Primeira Liga players
C.D. Nacional players
A.D. Ovarense players
Atlético Clube de Portugal players
Sarawak FA players
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Malaysia
Men's association football defenders
CU Micaelense players
Footballers from Aveiro District |
Walter Woon Cheong Ming (born 12 September 1956) is a Singaporean lawyer who served as the fifth attorney-general of Singapore between 2008 and 2010. He is currently an Emeritus Professor at the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law, Lee Kong Chian Visiting professor at the Singapore Management University Yong Pung How School of Law, and the dean of the RHT Legal Training Institute.
A lawyer by profession, Woon specialises in company law and securities regulation. Having graduated from the National University of Singapore and St. John's College, Cambridge, Woon joined the teaching staff of the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law in 1981 and subsequently served as Sub-Dean and Vice-Dean. He was appointed Professor of Law in 1999. He had also served as the legal adviser to the president of Singapore and the Council of Presidential Advisers between 1995 and 1997.
Woon was a Nominated Member of Parliament between 1992 and 1996. He became the first Member of Parliament since 1965 to have a Private Member's Bill become a public law in Singapore—the Maintenance of Parents Act, which was passed in 1995.
From 1997 to 2006, Woon served in a number of diplomatic capacities, including Singapore Ambassador to Germany (1998–2003) with an accreditation to Greece (2000–2003), and Singapore Ambassador to Belgium, with concurrent accreditation to the European Union, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and the Holy See.
Woon was appointed Second Solicitor-General in 2006 and subsequently Solicitor-General in 2007. He served as Attorney-General between 2008 and 2010.
Early life and education
Woon, an ethnic Singaporean Chinese of Peranakan descent, was born on 12 September 1956 in Singapore to schoolteachers. He was a head prefect at Pasir Panjang Primary School (where his father became principal years later) and a prefect while at Raffles Institution. During his national service, he served as a member of Pioneer, the MINDEF magazine. Following his A-levels he was considering business administration, but ended up accepting a scholarship from DBS Bank to study law instead after it was suggested to him by the scholarship officer.
He earned his Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) from the National University of Singapore (NUS), graduating in 1981 with first class honours. That same year, he also topped the postgraduate practice law course, winning the Aw Boon Haw and Aw Boon Par Memorial Prize. He joined the teaching staff of the NUS Faculty of Law that year, focusing his teaching and research on company law and securities regulation. In 1983 he graduated with a Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree with first class honours from St. John's College, Cambridge, which he completed on a Commonwealth Academic Staff scholarship.
Career
Academic
Woon was called to the Singapore Bar in 1985. The first edition of his book Company Law was published in 1988. The same year he became a Sub-Dean of the NUS Faculty of Law, then served as Vice-Dean from 1991 to 1995. On 1 February 1999 Woon was appointed a professor of law. In November 1990, Woon appeared before the Parliamentary Select Committee on the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment No. 3) Bill (Bill No. 23/90) to make representations on the proposed introduction of an elected President for Singapore. He took the view that since the elected president should be politically neutral, Cabinet members should only be eligible to stand for election five years after leaving politics.
Never afraid to speak his mind, in July 1991 in an interview by The Straits Times Woon commented: "We effectively don't have a Constitution. We have a law that can be easily changed by Parliament, and by the party in power because the party is Parliament. The changes themselves might not be controversial, but it is unsettling how flexible the Constitution is, unlike, say, in the United States." In reply, Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong pointed out that past changes to the Constitution had been made only with a two-thirds parliamentary majority and not done lightheartedly, as the intensive discussions and the two-year gestation period of the Elected President Bill proved. He affirmed that the Constitution had to evolve to reflect the changing needs of the people, and that it could not be assumed that the Constitution, drafted in 1965, would be the best Constitution for always and should be frozen in time. "So to say that because the Government in power changes the Constitution there is no Constitution is ridiculous, to put it mildly."
Nominated Member of Parliament
Woon was a Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP) for three terms, from 7 September 1992 to 6 September 1994, from 7 September 1994 to 6 September 1996, and from 7 September 1996 till 15 December 1996 when Parliament was dissolved for the 1997 general election.
In 1992 at the start of the Government's annual Speak Mandarin Campaign, the Minister for Information and the Arts George Yeo said in a newspaper article that the rising use of English by Chinese Singaporeans was a "disturbing trend" as "[w]e become very exposed to Western cultural influences via books, magazines and films. Some influences are good. Others are harmful, especially to the structure of the family." This provoked Woon to respond that "[t]he subliminal message being sent is that those who speak English are dangerous to society and that the wider use of English threatens the social fabric of Singapore". He deplored this view because good values were neither Asian nor Western: "Why should we confine ourselves to one or the other? Singapore isn't a Western society. It isn't an Asian society. It is a cosmopolitan society." He noted that "[t]he emancipation of women, the rule of law, the equality of citizens irrespective of race, language or religion, the right to representative government: These are values we have adopted from the 'decadent' West."
In September 1992, Woon was appointed to the select committee to review the Companies (Amendment) Bill (Bill No. 33/92) which proposed, among other things, that scripless trading in securities listed on the Stock Exchange of Singapore be authorised so that share transfers can be made through computerised book entries. He was a director of Intraco Ltd. (1989–2000) and Natsteel Ltd. (1997–2001), both listed on the Stock Exchange.
On 23 May 1994, Woon moved a Private Member's Bill which was eventually passed by Parliament on 2 November 1995 as the Maintenance of Parents Act. The Act, which entitles parents at least 60 years old and unable to maintain themselves adequately to apply to a tribunal for their children to be ordered to pay maintenance to them, was the first public law that originated from a private member's bill since Singapore's independence in 1965. In its 5 December 1994 issue, Time magazine picked Woon as one of 100 young world leaders, the only Singaporean to make the list.
From 1995 to 1997, Woon was Legal Adviser to the President of Singapore and Council of Presidential Advisors. During this time, he represented the President as junior counsel before the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal in Constitutional Reference No. 1 of 1995, which involved the interpretation of provisions of the Constitution of Singapore touching on the ability of Parliament to curtail the President's discretionary powers.
Diplomat
Between September 1997 and September 2006, Woon was seconded to the Foreign Service. He was Singapore's Ambassador to Germany from 6 February 1998 to July 2003, and was concurrently accredited to Greece from March 2000 to July 2003. He then served as Ambassador to Belgium (from 22 August 2003) with concurrent accreditation to the European Union, the Netherlands (from 22 October 2003), Luxembourg and the Holy See. In this capacity, he represented Singapore together with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Law S. Jayakumar at the funeral mass of Pope John Paul II in the Vatican City on 8 April 2005, believed to be the largest gathering of heads of state in history. In 2006, the Vatican made Woon a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great, which is conferred on Roman Catholic men and women in recognition of their service to the Church, unusual labours, support of the Holy See, and the good example set in their communities and country.
Solicitor-General and Attorney-General
Woon was appointed to the post of Second Solicitor-General on 3 October 2006, and Solicitor-General on 2 July 2007. In 2007, he was also made a Senior Counsel. Between January 2007 and 31 March 2010, he was a member of the advisory board of the School of Law of the Singapore Management University. In February 2008, Woon was appointed by the Ministry of Finance to chair a steering committee to review the Companies Act.
Woon became Attorney-General on 11 April 2008. Three months into the job, he created some controversy when delivering an off-the-cuff speech at the launch of the Law Society of Singapore's Public and International Law Committee. He said:
In mid-May, Woon commented that an acquitted person may not be guilty in law, but guilty in fact. Two months later, without referring directly to these remarks, Judge of Appeal V.K. Rajah wrote in a judgment that such comments could undermine confidence in the courts' verdicts and the criminal justice system, which was based on the doctrine of the presumption of innocence. The Minister for Law K. Shanmugam was asked in Parliament on 25 August 2008 to clarify the Attorney-General's comments. Shanmugam described the presumption of innocence as an "important and fundamental principle" which the Government was "absolutely committed to upholding". Nonetheless, it was "entirely possible for a person to have committed acts which amount to a crime and yet, there may be no conviction", as the trial process was designed to prove guilt and not innocence. He added: "It is for the courts, and the courts alone, to exercise judicial power and decide the question of guilt, in a trial."
With effect from 20 May 2008, Woon was appointed a director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore. He also served on the Presidential Council for Minority Rights between 2008 and 2010.
Woon was the first Attorney-General in more than ten years to personally appear in court. On 28 July 2008, he argued before the Court of Appeal that a woman, 24-year-old Aniza bte Essa, who had manipulated her 17-year-old teenage lover Muhammad Nasir bin Abdul Aziz into killing her husband should be given a life sentence. The Court held that life imprisonment was inappropriate due to the defendant's psychiatric condition, and affirmed the nine-year jail term imposed by the High Court. Nasir was detained indefinitely at the President's Pleasure for murder instead of receiving the death sentence as he was below 18 years old at the time he killed Manap bin Sarlip (Aniza's husband) and thus cannot be sentenced to hang under Singapore law. Woon elected to take proceedings against Tang Wee Sung, chairman of the company C.K. Tang which owns Tangs department store, for the illegal purchase of a human organ – a kidney – in the first case of its kind in Singapore. The decision to do so was criticised by Dr. Lee Wei Ling, Director of the National Neuroscience Institute and daughter of Minister Mentor and former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, in an article published in The Straits Times on 5 September 2008. Woon replied, pointing out a number of misconceptions she held as to the facts and the law, and emphasising that the prosecution had been brought as no one was above the law. Subsequently, in response to further comments by Dr. Lee, he wrote an extended article entitled "Wrong Facts and Faulty Logic" that appeared in The Straits Times on 18 September 2008.
He also prosecuted a number of contempt of court cases, including suits against Dow Jones Publishing Company (Asia), Inc. for material published in The Wall Street Journal Asia; against US-based lawyer Gopalan Nair for comments on his blog; and against three Singapore Democratic Party supporters, John Tan Liang Joo, Isrizal bin Mohamed Isa and Muhammad Syahmi bin Sariman, who wore T-shirts bearing the image of a kangaroo dressed in a judge's gown outside the Supreme Court Building. On 15 March 2010, in one of his last cases before his term of office ended, he defended the constitutionality of capital punishment in Singapore before the Court of Appeal in an appeal by a man sentenced to death for drug trafficking.
At the third annual Singapore Children's Society Lecture entitled "Changing Social Mores: Protecting Children from Themselves?" on 31 October 2009, Woon expressed the view that prosecuting teenagers from having underage sex with each other served little purpose. "It's basically kids having sex ... What do you do if the couple think they're in love? It's less easy if the girl consents. ... The judges cannot do very much by themselves. Sending them [the teenagers] to jail per se will not make them reflect on their lives. That is the last thing that is going to happen. But good or ill, this is the framework that we have."
Woon established a new division in the Attorney-General's Chambers for the prosecution of cases in the Subordinate Courts of Singapore to enhance the development of criminal litigation skills, and recruited a number of young and talented lawyers into the Singapore Legal Service. In 2008 he hosted the International Association of Prosecutors Conference in Singapore. He also assisted in the setting up of the Centre for International Law at NUS to improve international law expertise in Singapore and the region. He was Singapore's alternate representative on the High Level Task Force for the Drafting of the ASEAN Charter, a key constitutional document for ASEAN, which was signed in November 2007. Subsequently, he co-authored a book entitled The Making of the ASEAN Charter (2009).
Woon stepped down as Attorney-General on 10 April 2010 after a two-year term. In a media interview, he said that the post "was not a job I really wanted or enjoyed. I did it because I was asked to do the job. So I did my best under the circumstances with what I had." When asked whether he had "annoyed the powers that be", he said:
He subsequently clarified that when he said he had outstayed his welcome he had been "thinking more about the people I prosecuted rather than anything else", and that "I was kidding, I was being facetious".
Return to academia
Woon returned to academia at NUS, and was appointed the first Dean of the Singapore Institute of Legal Education (SILE), a company incorporated by the Singapore Academy of Law on 18 January 2010 to manage the postgraduate practical training of graduates from local and overseas universities seeking admission to the Singapore Bar, training contracts, and continuing legal education for practising lawyers. He has denied any intention to enter politics – "Why would I leave one hot seat to jump into another hot seat? I've said for years that I would want to go back to my natural habitat eventually. Why wouldn't anyone believe me?" – although when asked if he had forever ruled out a political career, he said: "Forever is a long time but definitely not now." Subsequently, he reiterated in a Today interview: "I am not a politician and I am not interested in politics and have no desire to go into politics. I do not know why people do not believe me when I say so. I have said it a thousand times but people do not seem to believe me."
Woon is currently Chairman of the Singapore International Law Society (since 2006), Judge Advocate General (since 2007), and President of the Goethe Institute Singapore (since 2010). In 2015, Woon joined RHTLaw TaylorWessing LLP, one of the few largest law firms in Singapore, as its non-executive Chairman and Senior Consultant.
In September 2017, Woon wrote a piece in The Straits Times illuminating how the office of the Attorney-General carries out its prosecutorial function, and suggesting that this could be separated from its other role as legal advisor to the Government.
Fiction writing
Woon won a consolation prize for a short story called The Body in Question which he submitted for the 1985 National Short Story Writing Competition. In 2002, he published his first novel, The Advocate's Devil. This was followed three years later by The Devil to Pay (2005). Both books are crime novels set in 1930s Singapore with Dennis Chiang, an English-educated Peranakan lawyer, as the protagonist. Woon has said that fiction writing was "something I did on the side when I got tired of writing non-fiction". A reviewer of The Advocate's Devil commented: "That the author is a lawyer first and promising novelist second is most glaring in the language used in Devil. ... This must be the first made-in-Singapore whodunnit that needs to be read with a dictionary at hand." Although the protagonist Chiang's "view of human beings other than himself is patronising at best" and might leave readers with a "rather sour aftertaste", the novel's "light touches of romance and compassion do much to lift the storyline" and had "masterful pacing".
Selected works
Non-fiction
Articles
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1956 births
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Academic staff of the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Attorneys-General of Singapore
Knights of St. Gregory the Great
Living people
National University of Singapore alumni
Raffles Institution alumni
Singaporean Nominated Members of Parliament
Peranakan people in Singapore
Singaporean Roman Catholics
Singaporean Senior Counsel |
Michael Elmhirst Cates (born 5 May 1961) is a British physicist. He is the 19th Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and has held this position since 1 July 2015.
He was previously Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, and has held a Royal Society Research Professorship since 2007.
His work focuses on the theory of soft matter, such as polymers, colloids, gels, liquid crystals, and granular material. A recurring goal of his research is to create a mathematical model that predicts the stress in a flowing material as a functional of the flow history of that material. Such a mathematical model is called a constitutive equation. He has worked on theories of active matter, particularly dense suspensions of self-propelled particles which can include motile bacteria. His interests also include fundamental field theories of active systems in which time-reversal symmetry (T-symmetry, and more generally, CPT symmetry) is absent. Such theories are characterised by non-zero steady-state entropy production.
At Edinburgh, Cates was the Principal Investigator of an EPSRC Programme Grant, awarded in 2011, entitled Design Principles for New Soft Materials. On his departure for Cambridge, Cait MacPhee took over as Principal Investigator. Cates remains an Honorary Professor at Edinburgh.
Early life
Cates was born on 5 May 1961. He read Natural Sciences and earned a PhD at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1985, where he studied with Sam Edwards.
Academic career
Cates was a research fellow and lecturer at the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge before moving to Edinburgh in 1995.
Honours
Cates won the Bingham Medal of the US Society of Rheology in 2016. He had previously won the 2013 Weissenberg Award of the European Society of Rheology and the
2009 Gold Medal of the British Society of Rheology. He was awarded the 2009 Dirac Prize by the Institute of Physics. He won the 1991 Maxwell Medal and Prize. He has served as an elected member of the Council of the Royal Society, and chairs the International Scientific Committee of ESPCI ParisTech. He was an honorary fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge from 2013 until 2016, when he became instead a senior research fellow.
He was also elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2019 for research on the rheology, dynamics, and thermodynamics of complex fluids, and for scientific leadership in the European Community.
Works
Michael Cates has over 350 refereed scientific publications, attracting over 45 000 citations. His h-index is 112.
Highly cited publications include:
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
British physicists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Maxwell Medal and Prize recipients
Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences |
The fallfish (Semotilus corporalis) is a North American freshwater fish, a chub in the family Cyprinidae. The fallfish is the largest minnow species native to Eastern North America.
Description
Average specimens generally measure about in length, but individuals occasionally grow to with exceptional specimens of more than having been recorded. Juvenile fallfish have a dark stripe that runs down the center of their body. They are a silvery shade on the top and sides of the body, but have a white shading on the belly. Breeding males develop a pinkish tone on the opercular region, although the species does not develop bright breeding colors. Spawning males build stone nests, known as a redd, which form a prominent part of the bottom on many streams throughout the northeast. Spawning is communal with both males and females joining the nest builder.
Distribution and habitat
Fallfish are found in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada, where they inhabit clear streams, lakes, and ponds. They predominantly prefer swift currents, however, they can also be found in well oxygenated pools. As their name suggests they are often found at the base of waterfalls. Before the introduction of fish such as smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, and brown trout, the fallfish was the apex predator in many streams.
Diet and predation
Juvenile and young fallfish primarily consume chironomids and zooplankton. Once they reach 100mm their diet transitions to small fish (including their own young) and prey of opportunity such as fish eggs and terrestrial insects. There is little overlap between the diets of juvenile and adult fallfish.
Angling
Fallfish are often encountered when fishing for more desirable species, but their large size, dogged fighting style, powerful runs on light tackle, and willingness to strike make them a worthy quarry in their own right. They will readily take bait, lures, and flies, and have been known to strike lures almost as large as themselves.
The International Game Fish Association (IGFA) All Tackle World Record for fallfish is , caught by Jonathan McNamara in the Susquehanna River near Owego, New York, USA on April 15, 2009. The record was tied on May 6, 2022, by angler Josh D. Dolin while fishing the Cowpasture River near Williamsville, Virginia. Previous records come from New Hampshire and Pennsylvania.
References
External links
Smith, L. C. The Inland Fishes of New York State. New York: The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 1985, pp. 155, 156
Semotilus
Fish described in 1817
Freshwater fish of North America |
The Ngaatjatjarra (otherwise spelt Ngadadjara) are an Indigenous Australian people of Western Australia, with communities located in the north eastern part of the Goldfields-Esperance region.
Name
The ethnonym Ngaatjatjarra, in line with a general practice in their area, combines the interrogative pronoun used by each tribe for "who", "what". In their case this yields up a combination of ŋa:da and the possessive suffix -t(d)jara, is attached. The sense therefore is, "(people) using the form ŋa:da for the idea of 'who/what.
Language
Ngaatjatjarra is mutually intelligible with Ngaanyatjarra, and both are treated as dialects of the one language.
Country
Norman Tindale assigned them traditional lands he estimated as covering roughly . The centre of their traditional life was in the Warburton Ranges and in particular at a site, Warupuju Spring, where water was always available. Their eastern frontiers lay around Fort Welcome, the Blackstone Ranges, Murray Range and Mount Hinckley. In the southeast, their furthest boundary was at the Ero:tjo watering hole, south of Wangalina. To the northeast, they roamed as far as Kudjuntari in the Schwerin Mural Crescent Range and around Julia (Giles) in the Yurliya Range. Their northern range extended to Hopkins Lake and Carnegie Range and beyond the Christopher Lake. Their western limits were around Tekateka and Jalara and the Alfred Marie Ranges.
Tindale's map places the neighbouring tribes of the Ngaatjatjarra as, running clockwise, the Keiadjara and the Wenamba to their north, the Pitjantjatjara on their eastern frontier, the Nakako and Mandjindja to their south and the Ngaanyatjarra on their western borders. The AIATSIS map calls then Ngatatjara and absorbs the Keiadjara and the Wenamba in to the Martu and Pintupi respectively.
A native map of their water mythology explaining how the overarching rainbow, Tjurtiraŋo, produces the various water resources, was made for Tindale in the 1939s and is reproduced in his 1974 book.
Ngaanyatjara lands
The "Ngaanyatjara lands" are those administered by the Ngaanyatjarra Council (Aboriginal Corporation), which includes the communities of
Irrunytju (Wingelinna), Kiwirrkurra, Mantamaru (Jameson), Papulankutja (Blackstone), Patjarr (Karilywara), Kanpa (Pira Kata), Tjirrkarli, Tjukurla, Warakurna, Wanarn, Warburton (Mirlirrtjarra).
Social organization
The practised patrilocal residence, and their marriage arrangements were based on for class system. Father's father, father, son, son's son and their brothers inherited a totem (tjukur/tuma) which bore associations with specific topographical features of the landscape that evoked the movements of the creative being in their dreaming. They practised both circumcision and subincision, in two distinct phrases, on youths undergoing initiation into full manhood, employing biface pressure-flaked stone knives ('tjimbila), which they obtained through trade with neighbouring tribes to their north, who in turn ultimately received them from their production centre in northwestern Australia.
Food
The Ngaatjatjarra harvested grass seeds (wakati) and worked them with rolling stones to obtain a paste for nutriment. They also gathered nicotiniana excelsior, a tobacco leaf which they dried over fire and which they chew after mixing them with ashes from burnt acacia and phyllodes.
History of contact
The first white contact with the Ngaatjatjarra came relatively late. Tindale describes in detail one nuclear family of the tribe encountered in August 1935 during the Expedition of the Board for Anthropological Research of the University of Adelaide.
Alternative names
Jabungadja ("mountain Ngadja", those of the Rawlinson Ranges)
Ku.rara (Pitjantjatjara exonym for Rawlinson Ranges' tribes)
Nga:da
Nga:dapitjardi (western tribal name for hordes in the vicinity of the Blackstone Ranges)
Ngadatara (Pitjantjatjara exonym)
Ngadawongga
Nganadjara (Warburton Range horde name for those northeast of them near the Rawlinson Ranges)
Ngatatjara, Ngadjatara, Ngadadara, Nadadjara, Ngadatjara
Rumudjara
Teitudjara (Nana exonym)
Wan:udjara (eastern Ngadadjara name for their northern branches at Giles)
Warara (northeastern hordes' name)
Wirtjandja
Witjandja (Warburton Range horde)
Source:
Some words
tartu (seeds pods of the river red gum used to decorate a girl's hair)
tjitjimurdilja (uncircumcised youth)
wana (woman's digging stick)
Notes
Citations
Sources
Aboriginal peoples of Western Australia
Goldfields-Esperance |
Judson LaMoure (March 27, 1839 – March 16, 1918) was one of the first men to serve in the North Dakota state legislature; he served in the State Senate as a Republican. The state towns of Jud, Judson, and LaMoure along with LaMoure County were named after him.
Contrary to popular belief, the American author Louis L'Amour was of no relation to LaMoure despite both men being from North Dakota.
Family
LaMoure was the son of John Edward LaMoure (1795-1869) and Lois Louisa (Perry) LaMoure (1805-1881) and was of French-Irish ancestry. He was the last of five children; his eldest brother Edward Byron LaMoure was killed during an Indian raid in Elk Point, Dakota Territory on August 9, 1865.
LaMoure married Minnie Ella Nelson on December 3, 1874. Together they had six children, of which only four survived to adulthood.
Biography
LaMoure was born in Frelighsburg, Quebec on March 27, 1839; after two years at the local academy there he completed his education and immigrated to America.
He came to Davenport, Iowa on March 2, 1859, in 1860 he joined a rush of gold-seekers to Pike's Peak but turned back east during the Fall of that year without striking gold.
In 1862 he settled in Elk Point, Dakota Territory, while there LaMoure was engaged in a Transportation business with H. D. Booge & Co.; he became familiar with the Brulé Sioux and received an appointment as their sub-agent in 1865.
In 1870 LaMoure gave up his connection to the Indians and relocated to Pembina County, Dakota Territory, where he became a merchant in Neche, a business he continued for many years. Prior to 1872 he was elected into the Upper House of Dakota Legislature but declined to take his seat due to his mercantile interests.
He was first elected into the Territorial Assembly in 1872, and had served in this position for the years of 1873, 1877, 1881, and 1883 afterwards. In 1876 he was elected into the Council, in 1880 to the Territorial House, and in 1889 to the State Senate which he was re-elected in during every succeeding election before he retired in 1913.
In 1873, LaMoure led a rescue party into a horrific blizzard to find and save a group of laundry women and small children accidentally left behind by George Armstrong Custer when the 7th Cavalry apparently got lost in a whiteout.
In 1893, during the attempt to properly identify and maintain the Pembina Metis Cemetery early on, LaMoure sponsored an appropriation bill for $500 through the North Dakota State Legislature to purchase and maintain the site. Unfortunately, it was never implemented and the site fell into the hands of a private landowner.
During his last years LaMoure spent his Winters in Stuart, Florida where he died on March 16, 1918.
References
1839 births
1918 deaths
Presidents pro tempore of the North Dakota Senate
Republican Party North Dakota state senators
19th-century American politicians |
Juan Sánchez Ramírez (1762–11 February 1811) was a Dominican soldier who served as the Captain general of the modern Dominican Republic between 1808 and 1811. He also commanded the troops that fought against the French rule of Santo Domingo´s colony between 1808 and 1809 in the Battle of Palo Hincado, resulting in a victory over the French, and the return of Santo Domingo to Spanish hands.
In 1795, the island of Santo Domingo ceased to be linked to Spain by the Peace Treaty of Basel (Switzerland), which put an end to the War of the Convention (1793-1795), by which it passed under French rule. In 1808, after Napoleon invaded Spain, the La Reconquista movement was created on the island, led, among others, by Sánchez Ramírez, with the aim of returning to Spanish rule.
Sánchez Ramírez, an agricultural landowner, had already fought against the French in the War of the Convention, and in 1803 he had emigrated to Puerto Rico, from where he returned in 1807 to foment the insurrection. To do this, he requested the help of the governor of Puerto Rico, Toribio Montes, and of Dominican settlers who had fled to that island, with whose forces he revolted against the French troops of general and governor Jean-Louis Ferrand, whom he defeated on 11 July 1808 in the battle of Palo Hincado.
Shortly after, with the help of the English fleet that came to support him from Jamaica, he managed to take the capital of the island. He was therefore appointed captain general and mayor of the island by the Junta of Seville, thereby reestablishing Spanish sovereignty. During his government he harshly repressed any independence attempt, acting with total impunity in the face of the indifference of the Spanish metropolis.
Biography
Early years
Juan Sánchez Ramírez was born in 1762 in Cotuí, Santo Domingo. According to historian Francisco A. Rincón, he was the son of Miguel Sánchez and Francisca Ramírez. Juan Sánchez Ramírez had two brothers: Remigio and Rafael. The last of them was Magistrate of Cotuí in the Haitian period of the Dominican Republic. His father was a Spanish member of the military and a wealthy landowner. However, it was the priest Pichardo y Delmonte who took care of his education. When he was young, he led a company of lancers of Cotuí.
Ramírez held several significant positions in Cotuí, including that of magistrate.
1793-1795: War of Convention and Treaty of Basel
In 1793, King Louis XVI, cousin of Charles IV of Spain, was beheaded by rebels. This influenced Sánchez Ramírez to join the War of Convention, rising to the rank of Captain. With his own fortunes, he took part in the battles fought by Spain and France, of which allies of the former consisted of Haitian auxilary troops such as Jean François and Georges Biassou.
Following the capture of Gipuzkoa, the then Spanish Secretary of State, Manuel Godoy, began to raise concern. He felt that this would cause Vascongadas to switch allegiance from Spain and ally with France. Seeking to end the war, the Spanish government began to consider negotiations. France demanded the version of Gipuzkoa, Louisiana, and the eastern colony of Hispaniola, Santo Domingo. Spain, however, sought the preservation of the Catholic faith, (which had been replaced with the Cult of Reason), in addition to the territories where the late king's son, Louis XVII, could loosen its sovereignty, as well as the restriction of the limits to the situation prior to the war. Unfortunately, France rejected Spain's request, referring to their demands as a direct insult to French sovereignty. By May 1795, new negotiations were held in Basel. France once again proposed in securing Gipuzkoa, Santo Domingo, and Louisiana. Domingo d'Yriarte, however, was instructed not to cede any territories, opting to seek the release of Louis XVII. A month later, Godoy agrees to sign a preliminary treaty, recognizing revolutionary France. The treaty was to limit Spanish domain, restore Catholism in France, free the children of Louis XVI, and build an alliance against Great Britain. (This would stipulate in the Treaty of San Ildefonso, signed in 1796). On July 22, the definitive treaty was signed, and in return for the occupied Spanish territories, Spain would cede Santo Domingo to France. While commercial relations renewed, Spain also agreed to refrain from any persecutions of the French, as well as the release of María Teresa de Borbón.
1801-1805: Occupation by France and departure to Puerto Rico
Although Santo Domingo was now under French administration, the colony was still in Spanish hands. France was still occupied by conflicts wuth the British as well as the ongoing Haitian Revolution that was still transpring in neighbouring Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti). Because of this, in 1799, Santo Domingo sent a request to the court, asking King Charles IV to postpone the change in administration until the issues of the first counsel In France were resolved. However, In 1801, the Haitian revolutionary Toussaint Louverture, having just defeated his rival André Riguad in the War of Knives, decided to carry out the occupation, (despite Napoleon Bonaparte's orders), as agreed in the Treaty of Basel, capturing Santo Domingo from France and freeing the remaining Dominican slaves. By 22 February 1801, the Spanish governor, Joaquín Garcia y Moreno, along with his troops, were off the island. In 1802, a troop of fifty thousand soldiers led by the French Leclerc reached the East of the island. These soldiers defeated Toussaint and reestablished their authority over the territory. Nevertheless, the Haitians and French occupied the lands belonging to Juan Sánchez Ramírez, and to almost all Spaniards living in the colony of Santo Domingo.
Ramírez emigrated to Puerto Rico in December 1803.He landed on the island on 3 January 1804, but with no income or property, he resorted to obtaining compensation that was promised to the new immigrants. In the end, he was forced to use the money of his own assets to provide for himself and of his family.Subsequently, Sánchez Ramírez had left the island just in time to evade the terrifying conflicts of the Siege of Santo Domingo (1805).
1807: Return to Santo Domingo
In June 1807, he returned to Santo Domingo, arriving though the port of Macao. The French, upon learning of his arrival, tried to offer him the Command of Arms of the town of Cotuy, but he refused to commit to them and instead preferred to leave what remained of his estates in the jurisdiction of said town to people he trusted. He dedicated himself to the exploitation of mahogany in the south of the island and to livestock. His economic interests were affected when governor Ferrand banned the cattle trade on the border between Northern and Southern Haiti and Santo Domingo.
While Juan Sánchez Ramírez was in his new establishment called El Pulguero, he received an invitation to go to the town of Sabana de la Mar. There, a meeting took place between Sánchez Ramírez and the Commander on May 2, 1808, where they held a conversation about the passage of French troops into peninsular Spain as auxiliaries. During this exchange, the Commander informed Sánchez Ramírez about the news received from a ship that had arrived in the city of Samaná, where it was stated that Emperor Napoleon I "was taking our much loved Fernando VII to France. To educate you; that to Mr. Carlos 4th, he had destined him to live in a convent; and that José Bonaparte was going to govern the Peninsula temporarily, our Fernando learned what was necessary to govern it."
These statements had a profound emotional impact on Sánchez Ramírez, who experienced intense anger and a feeling of betrayal towards Napoleon and the French. Aggrieved by that expression, he could not help but respond to the Commander of Arms: "I assure you that the Spanish nation will never suffer that infamy; and that if that is so, blood is being spilled today in Spain between Spaniards and French. This anger became a turning point in his political thinking and in his commitment to the Fernandina royalist cause in Santo Domingo."
Motivated by this situation, he made the decision to take advantage of the circumstances and lead a conspiracy to start an armed uprising against the French Government in Santo Domingo. Although this uprising legally meant an act of high treason to the French Empire, the landowner assumed the risks and decided to go ahead with the preparations, confident in the traditional loyalty of the Dominicans to the Catholic king:
Assistance from Puerto Rico
In the following weeks, Sánchez Ramírez had to combine his daily life with secret activities in which he conspired against the French. He firmly believed that it was important to convince the Dominican population to join the fight. Meanwhile, in Spain, the French failed to conquer all the territory and local governments called Juntas were formed. These Juntas recognized Ferdinand VII as king and gave themselves the powers that corresponded to him due to his captivity in Valençay. One of these Juntas, the Junta of Seville, led by Francisco de Saavedra de Sangronis, officially decided to declare war on France. The news of this declaration of war reached the island in July 1808. Sánchez Ramírez found out about this when he was in the town of Higüey and immediately communicated it to his main partner, Manuel Carvajal. They both talked about the news of the war in Spain against the French and that was when they decided to seek help in Puerto Rico to achieve the Spanish restoration of Santo Domingo.
He left Higüey on July 26 and quickly headed to Santo Domingo with the aim of arriving before news of the war spread. To hide his true intentions, he used the pretext of meeting with Louis Ferrand to discuss matters related to his cattle and mahogany lumber business. However, he had to make a stop in the city of El Seibo because he was told that his wife and children were sick. After solving the problem, he continued his journey and used the time to convince more people to join the conspiracy.
On August 7, 1808, he arrived in the capital just as news broke of the declaration of war and some prisoners from a small Spanish ship coming from Puerto Rico. On August 9, he had lunch with General Ferrand, who that same day published a declaration announcing war with Spain, although he referred to it as an uprising of some provinces of Spain. During his stay in Santo Domingo, he intensified his propaganda efforts among the capital residents, knowing that if he managed to take control of that city, he could obtain the support of the entire colony. It was a complicated challenge, since people in the capital had directly suffered the consequences of "Spanish abandonment" after the Basel agreement.and they preferred to preserve the status quo rather than fight for the Spanish monarchy.
On August 13, Sánchez Ramírez paid a visit to Cotui, where people gathered for the publication of a proclamation by Ferrand. At this time, he convinced the people of the betrayal carried out by Napoleon and the need to rise up against France. Surprisingly, the men who were to publish Ferrand's proclamation offered to be ready for any warning from Sánchez Ramírez and destroyed the document. Subsequently, he passed through La Vega, where he met with many inhabitants of the city, including Colonel Agustín Franco, assistant to the general in chief of the Department of Cibao. Then, on the 17th, he arrived in Santiago, where his trip and intentions were already known. With the support of the most important people in the city, with the collaboration of the priest Vicente de Luna, arrangements were made to send a ship from Puerto Plata to Puerto Rico, requesting help to begin "the execution of the plan." However, Franco hindered this attempt at contact. Franco informed Ferrand, but he considered it an exaggeration. Later, on September 1, 1808, he arrived in Bayaguana, where he met with the priest José Moreno, who had great influence in the town, as well as with the Commander of Arms, with the aim of gathering the greatest number of men to favor of reconquest. Finally, on September 4, he arrived in El Seibo, where preparations began to confront Ferrand's troops.
Proclaimation to the Dominicans
In September, Sánchez somehow sent the manifesto to the Dominican emigrants in Puerto Rico, where he indicated his arrival in the City of Santo Domingo on August 7 and commented on the difficulties encountered with some Frenchified Dominicans. The manifesto addressed to the lieutenant fathers of the priest of Mayagüez said:
Sánchez continued his itinerant proselytizing work throughout the interior and coast of Santo Domingo. Over time, the French authorities tightened their surveillance around Sánchez and he had to take refuge in the Jayán cove, which was difficult to access for troops with little experience in the field. Only when the governor, mayor and captain general of Puerto Rico , Toribio Montes-Caloca y Pérez , informed him that he was willing to provide material support for the campaign, the leader of the reconquest resumed the armed struggle against the French.
1808-1809: War of Reconquista
In September 1808, the Spanish insurrection began to spread in Santo Domingo, with numerous towns uniting in favor of the captive Spanish king. Ferrand interpreted these accessions as a declaration of war and responded with violence on the part of his Army. Brigadier Juan Sánchez Ramírez drew up a bold plan to isolate the Dominican capital, advancing rapidly eastward. On September 28, 1808, he managed to interrupt communication between the capital and the bay of Samaná, a crucial strategic enclave. Control of this bay assured the insurgents of food and resource supplies, while depriving France of an important port. At the end of September, the rebels conquered Barahona, considered the first concrete action in the war of reconquest by the French. From there, expeditions were organized to support the Dominican patriots in towns such as Azua, Neiba, Las Matas de Farfán, and many others. In just one month, the insurgents captured the western portion of Santo Domingo.
Between September and October 1808, Sánchez Ramírez sought the support of Toribio Montes, who initially rejected him, but later authorized the shipment of military supplies to the port of Yuma. Meanwhile, Toribio Montes promoted a parallel course of military action and allied himself with the English. The Juntas of Spain had reestablished friendly relations with England, as both countries were opposed to France. Montes negotiated with Captain Charles Dashwood of the British Royal Navy to take and blockade Samaná for the benefit of the Spanish patriots. Dashwood captured two privateer ships and took the city, flying the Spanish flag and enlisting a Spanish officer in command.
As the patriots challenged the French forces, the prisoners and the vanquished faced harsher treatment. Colonel Aussenac, a close collaborator of Ferrand, carried out reprisals against the prisoners, causing destruction and making support for the patriots difficult. However, these intensive measures had the opposite effect, stoking hatred towards the French and strengthening the royalist cause. Ferrand impulsively decided to lead an expedition to confront the patriots, weakening the capital's defenses without his military leadership and accompanying garrison. Before leaving, he issued a proclamation warning the inhabitants of Santo Domingo about the subversion represented by the patriots, without understanding how they had obtained so much support. Furthermore, he threatened harsh repression against those who betrayed France. The repression extended to the entire population of the rebellious enclaves, showing that the guerrilla strategy used by the patriots turned the entire population into belligerents. Ferrand cleared the troops of responsibility for him, arguing that the Dominicans were solely responsible, while he promised rewards for those who remained loyal to France.
In early November 1808, 300 soldiers, sent by Toribio Montes, landed at Boca de Yuma and joined the forces of Sánchez Ramírez. Ramírez left El Seibo (city) in order to march on the city of Santo Domingo. On December 13, 1808, he returned to the city with his troops.
Between then and November 7, 1809, he also was leading the British and Haitian armies against French rule in the Battle of Palo Hincado, defeating Ferrand (who reached him when Ramírez was still in El Seibo) and expelling the French who were hiding in the fences of Santo Domingo.
The survivors fled to the capital of the colony. On day 12, the square was declared under siege by Ferrand's substitute, the General Dubarquier, and 27 men reached Sánchez Ramirez, who established his camp in the Jainamosa section, on the east bank of the Rio Ozama, transferring it, shortly after, to the Gallard, or Galá hacienda.
After the French defeat, Santo Domingo was recovered by Spain, and Ramírez was appointed as Governor of the colony, while the territory was reconstituted as Captaincy General.
Government of Santo Domingo
Sanchez convened the board of Bondillo, which established new laws and declared null and void the Treaty of Basel. So the board confirmed the permanence of Santo Domingo in Spanish hands. Santo Domingo was declared Spanish by Ramírez in July 1809.
Under his government, Santo Domingo again traded with the allied countries to Spain, and the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino (UASD) was reopened.
He suspended the confiscations that the French government had executed against the colony. He also allowed the British to trade in the ports of Santo Domingo.
However, Ramirez established the slave system, which had been abolished by the Haitians, and the poor poblation grew in Santo Domingo. So several attempts coup d'état to expel to Sánchez Ramírez of the Santo Domingo's government took place. The people who rebelled against their government were executed by the army, which was at the service of Ramirez, or sent to Ceuta.
Ramírez also tried to restore the Dominican economy, but Spain was engaged in the war against the then South American colonies. His mismanagement led to the period known as España Boba (Foolish Spain), in which the Ramirez government punished all those who promoted or fought for the independence of the colony.
Ramírez was ill and died on February 11, 1811, at the age of fifty, while still ruling the colony, and was buried in the National Pantheon.
Personal life
Eventually, Ramírez became a landowner. He married Josefa del Monte y Pichardo, with whom he had two children: Juana and José. In Santo Domingo, Ramírez resided on Padre Billini´s street. After his death, his supposedly impoverished family moved to San Carlos, Santo Domingo, his widow lamenting 'he had many jobs but never a salary'.
Legacy
The beginning of the 19th century was the beginning of a stage that marked important pages in Dominican history. Over a period of just over 100 years they were the men under whose leadership the country was formed and established. This entire stage began with a man who, believing in an ideal and knowing how to understand the historical moment in which he lived, knew how to mobilize his men in pursuit of a cause that many considered already lost. He was a man of command, and at the same time, a cultured man. Fair and brave, he was known as a man who loved his country and its culture.
His death was deeply felt throughout the territory of Spanish Santo Domingo, posthumously receiving the title of “Father of the Country.” His remains currently rest in the Dominican National Pantheon, in the Main Altar, along with the remains of his right-hand son at the battle of Palo Hincado. However, despite his heroism in defeating the French, his name still carries controversy due to the re-establishment of slavery and his suppression of independence plots. It wasn't years later when his former lieutenant, José Núñez de Cáceres, toppled the Spanish government and declared independence on 1 December 1821.
A street in Santo Domingo is named after him.
The province of Sánchez Ramírez is named in his honor.
A statue of Sánchez Ramírez is placed in Plaza Juan Sánchez Ramírez in the city of Cotuí.
See also
History of the Dominican Republic
Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
Era de Francia
Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo
List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo
España Boba
Republic of Spanish Haiti
Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo
José Núñez de Cáceres
Juan Pablo Duarte
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez
Matías Ramón Mella
References
Colonial governors of Santo Domingo
People from the Colony of Santo Domingo
Spanish commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
1762 births
1811 deaths
People from Sánchez Ramírez Province
Dominican Republic people of Spanish descent
Dominican Republic politicians
Dominican Republic military personnel
White Dominicans |
```css
Responsive images in a layout
Using `@media` rule to create cross platform responsiveness
Flexbox `flex-wrap`
Using `flex-grow`
Using `flex-shrink`
``` |
```objective-c
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#pragma once
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/operator.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/operators/controlflow/op_variant.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/operators/controlflow/pylayer_op.h"
#include "paddle/utils/string/string_helper.h"
namespace paddle {
namespace framework {
class ProgramDesc;
} // namespace framework
} // namespace paddle
namespace paddle {
namespace operators {
void PrepareSafeEagerDeletionOnPyLayerOpAndPyLayerGradOp(
const framework::ProgramDesc &program,
int block_id,
const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<framework::OperatorBase>> &all_ops);
void PrepareSafeEagerDeletionOnPyLayerOpAndPyLayerGradOp(
const framework::ProgramDesc &program,
const std::vector<OpVariant> &pylayer_ops,
const std::vector<OpVariant> &pylayer_grad_ops);
} // namespace operators
} // namespace paddle
``` |
"Inalcanzable" (English: "Unattainable") is a song by Mexican pop group RBD. Written by Carlos Lara and co-produced with Pedro Damián, it was released as the lead single for the group's fourth Spanish-language studio album, Empezar Desde Cero (2007). The melancholic ballad combines piano with acoustic guitars and some wind instruments in its production.
RBD confirmed the release of the single at the "Worldwide RBD Day" press conference held on October 4, 2007. The song was released to radio stations and made available as a digital download on October 8. The song was well received by music critics and garnered award nominations on Premios Lo Nuestro, Premios Orgullosamente Latino and Premios Juventud. The song's accompanying music video went on to win an Orgullosamente Latino Award in 2008 in the category for 'Latin Music Video of the Year'. The song's official remix, which features reggaeton duo Jowell & Randy and reggaeton solo artist De La Ghetto, also won an award, in the category 'The Perfect Combo' at the 2008 Premios Juventud.
The single peaked at #6 on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, becoming the group's last top-ten hit on the ranking, but reached #2 on the US Billboard Latin Pop Songs subchart.
Music video
The music video for "Inalcanzable" was directed by previous RBD collaborator Esteban Madrazo. The video was filmed on November 7, 2007 over a course of 20 hours in an old house in the Colonia San Rafael of Mexico City. The video premiered on December 5, 2007 on the Ritmoson Latino TV channel, but had leaked onto the Internet the day before. The video features multiple special effects and shows each of the members of RBD going through a tough time, when suddenly some of their fans come to give them courage and support. The music video won the award for 'Latin Music Video of the Year' at the 2008 Orgullosamente Latino Awards.
Live performances
RBD performed "Inalcanzable" for the first time at the 'Evento 40' in Mexico on November 1, 2007. Also in November 2007, the sextet presented the single on the Mexican TV show Mojoe. On December 12, 2007, the group appeared without band member Alfonso Herrera at the FOX Sports Awards, where they performed the single. On December 15, the group appeared on the 1st Annual Mi TRL Awards by MTV Tr3s, and also performed "Inalcanzable". Also in December 2007, the group appeared on the Mexican Teletón and performed the single.
On January 26, 2008, RBD appeared at the 'Evento Oye' in Mexico City to again perform "Inalcanzable". On February 1, 2008, RBD appeared on the festivities prior to Super Bowl XLIII and performed the hit. On February 10, the group appeared on the Mexican show En Familia con Chabelo to again perform "Inalcanzable". On February 24, the group performed the song on Latin American Boomerang's Boom Box en Estudio. Also in 2008, the group performed "Inalcanzable" on the Latin American musical variety TV show Noche de Estrellas, hosted by Mexican singer Yuri. On March 4, 2008, the group performed the song on the American morning show ¡Despierta América!. That same day, the sextet appeared on Escándalo TV to again perform the single. On March 20, RBD performed "Inalcanzable" on the US TV special Feliz 2008, hosted by Don Francisco. On March 25, the group appeared in Spain's TVE gala, where they again performed the successful single. In April 2008, RBD appeared again on the 'Evento 40' in Mexico, organized by Los 40 Principales, to again perform "Inalcanzable". On June 19, 2008, the band performed the song again at the Exa TV concert in Mexico, but with the absences of Anahí, due to sickness, and Maite Perroni, due to filming Cuidado con el Ángel.
Critical reception
"Inalcanzable" was generally well received by music critics. Judy-Cantor Navas, director of online music service Rhapsody, complimented the song for being a "beautiful and sweet collective ballad." Cantor-Navas also commented that the new music "could signal the start of a more mature phase for RBD".
Chart performance
In the United States, "Inalcanzable" debuted at number thirty-six on the Billboard Latin Pop Songs airplay chart on November 4, 2007. The song made a big impact on the same chart the next issue by moving from #36 to #9, being bulleted as the song that increased the most in plays that week, and eventually peaked at #2. "Inalcanzable" became RBD's fifth top 10 hit on the US Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, peaking at number 6 in its sixth week charting.
Personnel
Recording location
Igloo Music Studios (Burbank, California)
Mixing location
Igloo Music Studios (Burbank, California)
Vocals
RBD – main vocals, choruses
Production
Gustavo Borner – co-producer, mastering, mixing
Carlos Lara – direction, producer, vocal direction
Pedro Damián – executive producer
Daniel Borner – production coordinator
Justin Moshkevich – recording assistant
Awards and nominations
Charts
Release history
References
2007 singles
RBD songs
Pop ballads
Songs written by Carlos Lara (songwriter)
2007 songs
EMI Records singles |
Anthony "Tony" DeSpirito (December 24, 1935 – May 26, 1975) was a champion American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey who found instant fame when he won the national riding title in 1952 as an apprentice in his first full year of racing.
Born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, Tony DeSpirito was the son of a millworker. He left school at an early age to work as an exercise rider at Rockingham Park in Salem, New Hampshire. There are conflicting newspaper reports of his birth year but the United States Social Security Death Index records him as being born in 1935. DeSpirito rode his first race as an apprentice jockey in 1951 at Narragansett Park in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
1952 Championship
In 1952, DeSpirito began his record-setting year well behind other American jockeys in races won, as he did not get his first win until January 22 at Sunshine Park in Oldsmar, Florida. He then began winning at a tremendous pace and had several racedays with multiple victories. During the week of June 6–13, three times Despirito rode four winners on a single racecard at Suffolk Downs. At Rockingham Park he rode six winners on August 21, 1952, and won six races again at Rockingham on October 10, 1953. On November 29, 1952, he rode five winners on a single card at Lincoln Downs in Rhode Island. By December, he was in a position to challenge the world record for wins in a year. That month, he rode in Florida; when the tracks there closed on Sunday, he flew to Cuba and won three races on December 28 at Oriental Park Racetrack. On December 30, 1952, he rode his 389th winner at Tropical Park Race Track in Coral Gables, Florida, breaking the record for most wins in a single year set by Walter Miller in 1906. DeSpirito ended the year with 390 wins from 1,474 mounts, a 26% win rate. On the last day of the year, he was flown from Miami to New York so that he could appear on CBS's Toast of the Town with Ed Sullivan.
In 1953, DeSpirito continued his winning ways but was involved in the first of four serious accidents that profoundly affected his career and saw the media dub him the "hard luck jockey". Despite time lost as a result of his 1953 accident, he finished the year with 311 wins but was well behind Bill Shoemaker, who smashed Despirito's record with 485 wins. On November 1, 1953, DeSpirito married Doris De Christoforo in a church ceremony in Revere, Massachusetts.
DeSpirito won the 1954 Kentucky Oaks aboard the Maine Chance Farm filly Fascinator. In his only Kentucky Derby appearance, he finished 13th in the 1954 edition aboard the Maine Chance colt Black Metal. During 1954, DeSpirito battled with riding greats Avelino Gomez and Bill Shoemaker for top jockey honors in the United States and by July 10 had taken over the lead with 176 wins. However, in August, Shoemaker took the lead and maintained it for the rest of the year.
On September 18, 1955, DeSpirito suffered a traumatic brain injury in a racing accident at New York's Aqueduct Racetrack. He returned to racing in January 1956; in May, he was hurt again in an accident at Laurel Park Racecourse and had to undergo surgery to remove a damaged kidney and spleen.
Henry Wajda's heroism
In 1960, DeSpirito rode in his second and final Preakness Stakes, obtaining his best result with a second-place finish aboard the future Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame colt Victoria Park.
On June 30 of that year, DeSpirito came close to losing his life in a racing mishap at Suffolk Downs. After being knocked off his saddle in the first turn, he was left dangling from one stirrup and clinging to the horse's neck. In what the Jockeys' Guild described as "one of the most heroic feats ever seen in American racing history", jockey Henry Wajda rode up beside DeSpirito's horse and reached over with his left hand to lift him back up into the saddle. Wajda lost his own life from injuries sustained in a July 28, 1973, racing accident at Rockingham Park.
DeSpirito continued to ride until April 1973, when he began work as a track patrol judge at Naragansett Park. On May 26, 1975, 39-year-old DeSpirito was found dead in his Riverside, Rhode Island, apartment. Police ruled out foul play, and the coroner's report found he had choked to death.
References
1935 births
1975 deaths
American jockeys
American Champion jockeys
Sportspeople from Lawrence, Massachusetts |
```c
/* xmtx.c -- mutex support for VC++ */
#include "xmtx.h"
#include <awint.h>
#if !_MULTI_THREAD
#else /* !_MULTI_THREAD */
/* Win32 critical sections are recursive */
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxinit(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* initialize mutex */
__crtInitializeCriticalSectionEx(_Mtx, 4000, 0);
}
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxdst(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* delete mutex */
DeleteCriticalSection(_Mtx);
}
_RELIABILITY_CONTRACT
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxlock(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* lock mutex */
#ifdef _M_CEE
System::Threading::Thread::BeginThreadAffinity();
#endif /* _M_CEE */
EnterCriticalSection(_Mtx);
}
_RELIABILITY_CONTRACT
void __CLRCALL_PURE_OR_CDECL _Mtxunlock(_Rmtx *_Mtx)
{ /* unlock mutex */
LeaveCriticalSection(_Mtx);
#ifdef _M_CEE
System::Threading::Thread::EndThreadAffinity();
#endif /* _M_CEE */
}
#endif /* !_MULTI_THREAD */
/*
* Consult your license regarding permissions and restrictions.
V6.50:0009 */
``` |
Ferdinand Alexander "Sandro" Araneta Marcos III ( , , ; born March 7, 1994) is a Filipino politician who is the representative of Ilocos Norte's 1st congressional district since 2022, and the eldest of three sons of Philippine President Bongbong Marcos and First Lady Liza Araneta Marcos.
Early life and education
Marcos, nicknamed "Sandro", was born Ferdinand Alexander Araneta Marcos III on March 7, 1994, in Laoag, Ilocos Norte to Bongbong Marcos, then-Representative of the 2nd district of Ilocos Norte, and attorney Liza Araneta Marcos. He is the eldest of the three sons. He is the grandson of the late president, Ferdinand Marcos Sr. and his wife Imelda Marcos.
Marcos attended Don Sergio Osmeña Senior Memorial National High School, Inc. and Padre Annibale School in Laoag for his primary education. He then left for the United Kingdom and attended the Worth School for his secondary education from 2006 to 2013. After that, he went to the City, University of London, where he earned a degree in Bachelor of Science in International Relations with honors in 2016. He then earned his Master's degree in Developmental Studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2017.
Political career
Prior to running for public office, Marcos worked as a member of the legislative staff of House Majority Leader and Leyte 1st District Rep. Martin Romualdez, his father's cousin, whom he sees as his mentor.
House of Representatives (2022–present)
Marcos ran for representative of Ilocos Norte's 1st district in 2022 and won, defeating incumbent Ria Christina Fariñas. Despite being a neophyte congressman, he was elected House Senior Deputy Majority Leader in the 19th Congress of the Philippines on July 26, 2022.
On late November 2022, Marcos, together with his uncle, House Speaker Martin Romualdez, filed House Bill No. 6398, also known as the controversial Maharlika Investment Fund. The aim is to create a sovereign wealth fund for the Philippines, drawing inspiration from South Korea's own sovereign wealth fund. MIF was approved by the House of Representatives on December 12, 2022. Economist Michael Batu said the bill can help raise money to help the government's programs and achieve development goals, if managed properly.
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Children of presidents of the Philippines
Marcos family
21st-century Filipino politicians
Politicians from Ilocos Norte
Ilocano people
Filipino people of Basque descent
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Ilocos Norte
Nacionalista Party politicians
People educated at Worth School
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of the London School of Economics |
is the second album from the Japanese pop idol group Cute, released on April 18, 2007 on the Zetima label. Although it is actually a mini-album, containing only five tracks, it is considered their second album.
The album was released in two versions: Regular Edition and Limited Edition, the latter containing also a DVD with videos.
The album debuted at number 21 in the Oricon Weekly Albums Chart, remaining in the chart for 2 weeks.
Track listing
All songs written and composed by Tsunku.
CD
That's the Power
Performed by Erika Umeda, Chisato Okai, and Kanna Arihara
Performed by Saki Nakajima and Mai Hagiwara
Performed by Airi Suzuki
Performed by Maimi Yajima
Limited Edition DVD
JUMP (Close-up Live Ver. at Nippon Seinenkan) (from "°C-ute Debut Tandoku Concert 2007 Haru ~Hajimatta yo! Cutie Show~")
Charts
References
External links
2 Mini ~Ikiru to Iu Chikara~ entry on the Up-Front Works official website
2007 albums
Cute (Japanese idol group) albums
Zetima albums
Japanese-language albums
Albums produced by Tsunku |
```xml
<!--
~ contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
~ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
~
~ path_to_url
~
~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<dataset>
<metadata>
<column name="relid"/>
<column name="schemaname"/>
<column name="relname"/>
<column name="seq_scan"/>
<column name="seq_tup_read"/>
<column name="idx_scan"/>
<column name="idx_tup_fetch"/>
<column name="n_tup_ins"/>
<column name="n_tup_upd"/>
<column name="n_tup_del"/>
<column name="n_tup_hot_upd"/>
<column name="n_live_tup"/>
<column name="n_dead_tup"/>
<column name="last_vacuum"/>
<column name="last_autovacuum"/>
<column name="last_analyze"/>
<column name="last_autoanalyze"/>
<column name="vacuum_count"/>
<column name="autovacuum_count"/>
<column name="analyze_count"/>
<column name="autoanalyze_count"/>
<column name="last_data_changed"/>
</metadata>
</dataset>
``` |
Orbetello is a town and comune in the province of Grosseto (Tuscany), Italy. It is located about south of Grosseto, on the eponymous lagoon, which is home to an important Natural Reserve.
History
Orbetello was an ancient Etruscan settlement, which in 280 BC passed under the control of the Romans, who had founded their colony of Cosa (near the modern Ansedonia).
The emperor Domitian had a substantial property here, which had belonged to the Domitii Ahenobarbi and he inherited through his wife Domitia Longina. He also built other sumptuous villas nearby for his courtiers.
In the Middle Ages it was a possession of the Aldobrandeschi family, who held it until the 14th century, when it was acquired by the city of Orvieto. After several struggles with the Orsini of Pitigliano and Orvieto, in the following centuries Orbetello was captured by the Sienese Republic. In the mid-16th century it was part of the State of Presides, a Spanish possession, becoming its capital.
The town was besieged by the French during the 1635-1659 Franco-Spanish War. This led to the inconclusive naval Battle of Orbetello on 14 June; in July, a Spanish army forced the French to lift the siege.
It formed part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until 1860, when it joined the newly unified Kingdom of Italy.
In 1927–33, Italo Balbo's "air cruises" started from Orbetello's lagoon. During World War II, the German Air Force's 2nd Squadron of Embarked Air Group 196 used the lagoon as a base for its Arado Ar 196 float planes for a brief period in 1943.
Government
Frazioni
The municipality is formed by the municipal seat of Orbetello and the towns and villages (frazioni) of Albinia, Ansedonia, Fonteblanda, Giannella, San Donato and Talamone.
List of mayors
Main sights
The city walls (5th century BC).
Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, built over an Etruscan-Roman temple and restructured in 1375 along Tuscan-Gothic lines. Preceded by a step, it houses some notable 15th-century frescoes.
The Spanish Forte delle Saline, in the frazione of Albinia.
Remains of the Roman city of Cosa in the frazione of Ansedonia.
Ruins of the Monastery of Sant'Angelo.
References
External links
Peninsulas of Italy |
Sir Alexander George William "Bill" Keys, (2 February 1923 – 3 May 2000) was an Australian Army officer and a long-serving president of the Returned and Services League (RSL).
Early life and career
Keys was born in Sydney on 2 February 1923 and grew up on his family's farm at Bombala. He enlisted in the military in 1940 and served with the Second Australian Imperial Force in New Guinea. He was injured at the Battle of Tarakan, and was invalided home for the rest of the war. He also served in the Korean War with the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, although he was also wounded in that conflict. He received the Military Cross in 1952.
Before the Korean War, Keys had been elected to the New South Wales council of the RSL (1947), and he became national secretary of the RSL in 1961, rising to the presidency and retaining it until 1986. Keys, who also served as international president of the Federation of Korean War Veterans Associations, was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1970 and Companion of the Order of Australia in 1988. He was knighted in 1979.
Personal life
Keys married Dulcie Beryl Stinton at St Phillip's Church of England, Auburn on 12 September 1950. The couple had met on the Orion, on a voyage to England in June the previous year.
Keys died at home in Queanbeyan of cancer in 2000. Lady Keys, his widow, died aged 94 on 7 April 2018, survived by their three daughters.
References
1923 births
2000 deaths
Australian Army officers
Australian Knights Bachelor
Australian military personnel of the Korean War
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Companions of the Order of Australia
Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Australian recipients of the Military Cross
Deaths from cancer in New South Wales |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE COMPUTER, INC. ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE COMPUTER, INC. OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef VTTRegionList_h
#define VTTRegionList_h
#include "bindings/core/v8/ScriptWrappable.h"
#include "core/html/track/vtt/VTTRegion.h"
#include "wtf/PassRefPtr.h"
#include "wtf/RefCounted.h"
#include "wtf/Vector.h"
namespace blink {
class VTTRegionList final : public RefCountedWillBeGarbageCollected<VTTRegionList>, public ScriptWrappable {
DEFINE_WRAPPERTYPEINFO();
public:
static PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<VTTRegionList> create()
{
return adoptRefWillBeNoop(new VTTRegionList());
}
unsigned long length() const;
VTTRegion* item(unsigned index) const;
VTTRegion* getRegionById(const String&) const;
void add(PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<VTTRegion>);
bool remove(VTTRegion*);
DECLARE_TRACE();
private:
VTTRegionList();
WillBeHeapVector<RefPtrWillBeMember<VTTRegion>> m_list;
};
} // namespace blink
#endif // VTTRegionList_h
``` |
In machine learning, a Hyper basis function network, or HyperBF network, is a generalization of radial basis function (RBF) networks concept, where the Mahalanobis-like distance is used instead of Euclidean distance measure. Hyper basis function networks were first introduced by Poggio and Girosi in the 1990 paper “Networks for Approximation and Learning”.
Network Architecture
The typical HyperBF network structure consists of a real input vector , a hidden layer of activation functions and a linear output layer. The output of the network is a scalar function of the input vector, , is given by
where is a number of neurons in the hidden layer, and are the center and weight of neuron . The activation function at the HyperBF network takes the following form
where is a positive definite matrix. Depending on the application, the following types of matrices are usually considered
, where . This case corresponds to the regular RBF network.
, where . In this case, the basis functions are radially symmetric, but are scaled with different width.
, where . Every neuron has an elliptic shape with a varying size.
Positive definite matrix, but not diagonal.
Training
Training HyperBF networks involves estimation of weights , shape and centers of neurons and . Poggio and Girosi (1990) describe the training method with moving centers and adaptable neuron shapes. The outline of the method is provided below.
Consider the quadratic loss of the network . The following conditions must be satisfied at the optimum:
, ,
where . Then in the gradient descent method the values of that minimize can be found as a stable fixed point of the following dynamic system:
, ,
where determines the rate of convergence.
Overall, training HyperBF networks can be computationally challenging. Moreover, the high degree of freedom of HyperBF leads to overfitting and poor generalization. However, HyperBF networks have an important advantage that a small number of neurons is enough for learning complex functions.
References
Artificial neural networks
Classification algorithms
Machine learning algorithms |
Ronald Patrick Escheté (born August 19, 1948) is an American seven-string jazz guitarist. He is the first person to record a cover version of "Christmas Time Is Here", which Vince Guaraldi wrote for the Charlie Brown television program.
Career
When Escheté was fourteen, he began playing guitar. During the late 1960s, he studied classical guitar and flute at Loyola University in New Orleans. From 1969–1970, he worked in Las Vegas supporting singer Buddy Greco. He moved to Los Angeles, where he played with Dave Pike and Gene Harris.
Escheté has been an educator since the early 1970s when he taught at community colleges in southern California. In the mid 1970s, he began teaching at the Musicians Institute in Hollywood and in the 1990s at California State University at Long Beach. He has written several instruction books, such as The Jazz Guitar Soloist and Melodic Chord Phrases.
His early influences were jazz guitarists Wes Montgomery, Jim Hall, and Howard Roberts. He has played with Ray Brown, Ella Fitzgerald, Dizzy Gillespie, Milt Jackson, and Diana Krall.
Discography
As leader
Spirit's Samba (JAS, 1977)
To Let You Know I Care (Muse, 1979)
Line-Up (Muse, 1981)
Christmas Impressions (Music Is Medicine, 1982)
A Beautiful Friendship (Discovery, 1982) with Dewey Erney
The Second Set (Sounds Great, 1984) with Dewey Erney
Stump Jumper (Bainbridge, 1986)
Mo' Strings Attached (The Jazz Alliance, 1993)
A Closer Look (Concord Jazz, 1994)
Rain or Shine (Concord Jazz, 1995)
Soft Winds (Concord Jazz, 1996)
The Sunset Hour (Holt, 1998)
Live at Rocco (RevJazz, 2000)
No Place to Hide (SMS Jazz, 2002) with Mort Weiss
Homeward Bound (RevJazz, 2003)
In the Middle: Live at Spazio (RevJazz, 2006)
All Too Soon (SMS Jazz, 2008) with Mort Weiss
How My Heart Sings: Live at Steamers (BluePort, 2017)
As sideman
With Gene Harris
Hot Lips (JAM, 1982)
Nature's Way (JAM, 1984)
Listen Here! (Concord Jazz, 1989)
Black and Blue (Concord Jazz, 1991)
Like a Lover (Concord Jazz, 1992)
A Little Piece of Heaven [live] (Concord Jazz, 1993)
Funky Gene's (Concord Jazz, 1994)
Brotherhood (Concord Jazz, 1995)
It's the Real Soul [live] (Concord Jazz, 1996)
In His Hands (Concord Jazz, 1997)
Down Home Blues (Concord Jazz, 1997) with Jack McDuff
With Stix Hooper
We Went West (Stix Hooper Enterprises, 2015)
Friends Across the Pond (A Tribute to the George Shearing Quintet) (Stix Hooper Enterprises, 2016)
With Dave Pike
Times Out of Mind (Muse, 1976)
On a Gentle Note (Muse, 1978)
Let the Minstrels Play On (Muse, 1980)
Moon Bird (Muse, 1983)
With others
Ernestine Anderson, Be Mine Tonight (Concord Jazz, 1987)
Ernestine Anderson, Now and Then (Qwest/WB, 1993)
Ray Anthony, 1988 & All That Jazz (Aero Space, 1988)
Lanny Aplanalp, Natural Colors (Autumn Down, 2002)
Jeff Berlin, Taking Notes (Denon, 1997)
Ray Brown, Don't Forget the Blues (Concord Jazz, 1986)
Judy Chamberlain, Road Trip (JazzBaby, 2002)
John Clayton & Jeff Clayton, The Clayton Brothers (Concord Jazz, 1979)
James Darren, This One's from the Heart (Concord Jazz, 1999)
Joey DeFrancesco, Falling in Love Again (Concord Jazz, 2003)
Jan Deneau Trio, Different Shades of Blue (Maria, 1973)
The Four Freshmen, Four Freshmen and Friends (Four Freshmen Society, 2015)
Tommy Gumina, Polycolors (Polytone, 1990)
Niki Haris, Dreaming A Dream (BMG, 1997)
Luther Hughes, Luther Hughes & Cahoots (Contemporary, 1987)
Jacintha, Jacintha Is Her Name (Groove Note, 2003)
Milt Jackson, Big Mouth (Pablo, 1981)
Rick Jarrett, Back to Romance (Soulful Sonance, 2001)
Diana Krall, Live in Paris (Verve, 2002) [on bonus track (of Canadian release)]
Craig Larson Trio, Legacy (Larson Jazz, 2002)
Warne Marsh, Two Days in the Life of... (Interplay, 1987)
Jack McDuff, Color Me Blue (Concord Jazz, 1992)
Don Rader, Anemone (Jet Danger, 1980)
Don Rader, A Foreign Affair (L&R/Bellaphon, 1991)
Herman Riley, Herman (JAM, 1984)
Charlie Shoemake, Strollin' (Chase, 1991)
Andy Simpkins, Calamba (Discovery, 1989)
Keely Smith, I'm in Love Again (Fantasy, 1985)
Mary Stallings, I Waited for You (Concord Jazz, 1994)
Mary Stallings, Spectrum (Concord Jazz, 1996)
Dan St. Marseille, Retrospection (Resurgent, 1995)
Mort Weiss, Mort Weiss Meets Joey DeFrancesco (SMS Jazz, 2002)
Mort Weiss, The Three Of Us: The Mort Weiss Trio (SMS Jazz, 2003)
Mort Weiss, The Four of Us: The Mort Weiss Quartet Live at Steamers (SMS Jazz, 2005)
Steve Wilkerson & Joey DeFrancesco, It's A Blues Sorta Thing (Dane, 1999)
James Zollar, Soaring With Bird (Naxos, 1997)
References
External links
Ron Escheté Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2011)
1948 births
Living people
People from Houma, Louisiana
Loyola University New Orleans alumni
American jazz guitarists
Seven-string guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
Jazz musicians from Louisiana |
More Than I Asked For: Celebrating Christmas with Joy Williams is the first holiday-themed release from musician Joy Williams. It was released on November 23, 2009.
Track listing
"More Than I Asked For"
"A Little Bit of Love"
"A Little Bit of Love (GarageBand)" (NoiseTrade Exclusive)
"Bring a Torch, Jeannette, Isabella" (NoiseTrade Exclusive)
References
2009 EPs
Joy Williams (singer) albums |
Cassafroneta is a monotypic genus of South Pacific dwarf spiders containing the single species, Cassafroneta forsteri. It was first described by A. D. Blest in 1979, and has only been found in New Zealand.
See also
List of Linyphiidae species
References
Linyphiidae
Monotypic Araneomorphae genera
Spiders of New Zealand |
This is the list of festivals in Pakistan.
By region
Shandur Polo Festival
Festivals in Lahore
Festivals in Multan
Punjabi festivals (Pakistan)
Islamic
Public holidays in Pakistan
Public holidays in Pakistan
Festivals in Pakistan
Pakistan Day is a momentous milestone in the history of Pakistan movement. This event is held to mark the anniversary of Pakistan Resolution passed by the Muslims of South Asia on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park (now Iqbal Park), Lahore. The resolution was presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq. The nation commemorates this day with great zeal and enthusiasm, to honor the most outstanding achievement of the Muslims of South Asia who passed the historic Pakistan Resolution resulting in the creation of Pakistan under the dynamic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah; a homeland where they could live in peace, harmony and in accordance with the tenets of Islam.
Chaand Raat
Iqbal Day
Quaid-e-Azam Day
Pakistan Flower Show
Yom-e Bab ul-Islam
Future Fest Pakistan
Literary festivals in Pakistan
Islamabad Literature Festival
Karachi Literature Festival
Lahore Literary Festival
Film festivals in Pakistan
Cinéaste One Student Film Festival
Indus Telefilm Festival
Kara Film Festival
Music festivals in Pakistan
All Pakistan Music Conference
Dosti Music Project
Technology Festivals in Pakistan
Future Fest Pakistan
Local events
Fairs
Mela Chiraghan, this fair is famous in Pakistan.
Kalam summer festival
See also
Public holidays in Pakistan
Culture of Pakistan
References
Fairs in Pakistan
Pakistan |
```c
/*
*
*/
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/hci_types.h>
#include <zephyr/sys/byteorder.h>
#include "hal/cpu.h"
#include "hal/ccm.h"
#include "hal/radio.h"
#include "hal/ticker.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include "util/mem.h"
#include "util/memq.h"
#include "util/mfifo.h"
#include "util/mayfly.h"
#include "util/dbuf.h"
#include "ticker/ticker.h"
#include "pdu_df.h"
#include "pdu_vendor.h"
#include "pdu.h"
#include "lll.h"
#include "lll_vendor.h"
#include "lll_clock.h"
#include "lll_adv_types.h"
#include "lll_adv.h"
#include "lll_adv_pdu.h"
#include "lll_adv_aux.h"
#include "lll_adv_sync.h"
#include "lll_df_types.h"
#include "lll_conn.h"
#include "lll_chan.h"
#include "lll_filter.h"
#include "lll_internal.h"
#include "lll_tim_internal.h"
#include "lll_adv_internal.h"
#include "lll_prof_internal.h"
#include "lll_df_internal.h"
#include "hal/debug.h"
#define PDU_FREE_TIMEOUT K_SECONDS(5)
static int init_reset(void);
static void pdu_free_sem_give(void);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY)
static inline void adv_extra_data_release(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu, int idx);
static void *adv_extra_data_allocate(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu, uint8_t last);
static int adv_extra_data_free(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu, uint8_t last);
static void extra_data_free_sem_give(void);
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY */
static int prepare_cb(struct lll_prepare_param *p);
static int is_abort_cb(void *next, void *curr,
lll_prepare_cb_t *resume_cb);
static void abort_cb(struct lll_prepare_param *prepare_param, void *param);
static void isr_tx(void *param);
static void isr_rx(void *param);
static void isr_done(void *param);
static void isr_abort(void *param);
static struct pdu_adv *chan_prepare(struct lll_adv *lll);
static inline int isr_rx_pdu(struct lll_adv *lll,
uint8_t devmatch_ok, uint8_t devmatch_id,
uint8_t irkmatch_ok, uint8_t irkmatch_id,
uint8_t rssi_ready);
static bool isr_rx_sr_adva_check(uint8_t tx_addr, uint8_t *addr,
struct pdu_adv *sr);
static inline bool isr_rx_ci_tgta_check(struct lll_adv *lll,
uint8_t rx_addr, uint8_t *tgt_addr,
struct pdu_adv *ci, uint8_t rl_idx);
static inline bool isr_rx_ci_adva_check(uint8_t tx_addr, uint8_t *addr,
struct pdu_adv *ci);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
#define PAYLOAD_BASED_FRAG_COUNT \
DIV_ROUND_UP(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_LEN_MAX, \
PDU_AC_PAYLOAD_SIZE_MAX)
#define PAYLOAD_FRAG_COUNT \
MAX(PAYLOAD_BASED_FRAG_COUNT, BT_CTLR_DF_PER_ADV_CTE_NUM_MAX)
#define BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC)
#define BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET
#else /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC */
#define BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET 0
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC */
#else
#define PAYLOAD_BASED_FRAG_COUNT 1
#define PAYLOAD_FRAG_COUNT (PAYLOAD_BASED_FRAG_COUNT)
#define BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET 0
#define BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET 0
#endif
#define PDU_MEM_SIZE PDU_ADV_MEM_SIZE
/* AD data and Scan Response Data need 2 PDU buffers each in the double buffer
* implementation. Allocate 3 PDU buffers plus CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX
* defined buffer count as the minimum number of buffers that meet the legacy
* advertising needs. Add 1 each for Extended and Periodic Advertising, needed
* extra for double buffers for these is kept as configurable, by increasing
* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX.
*/
#define PDU_MEM_COUNT_MIN (((BT_CTLR_ADV_SET) * 3) + \
((BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET) * \
PAYLOAD_BASED_FRAG_COUNT))
/* Maximum advertising PDU buffers to allocate, which is the sum of minimum
* plus configured additional count in CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX.
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC)
/* NOTE: When Periodic Advertising is supported then one chain of PDU buffers
* plus the additional CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX amount of chain
* buffers is allocated.
* Set CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX to (BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET +
* BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET) if PDU data is updated more frequently compare to
* the advertising interval with random delay included.
*/
#define PDU_MEM_COUNT_MAX ((PDU_MEM_COUNT_MIN) + \
((BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET) * \
PAYLOAD_FRAG_COUNT) + \
(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX * \
PAYLOAD_FRAG_COUNT))
#else /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC */
/* NOTE: When Extended Advertising is supported but no Periodic Advertising
* then additional CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX amount of chain buffers
* is allocated.
* Set CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX to BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET if
* PDU data is updated more frequently compare to the advertising
* interval with random delay included.
*/
#define PDU_MEM_COUNT_MAX (PDU_MEM_COUNT_MIN + \
(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX * \
PAYLOAD_BASED_FRAG_COUNT))
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC */
#else /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
/* NOTE: When Extended Advertising is not supported then
* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX is restricted to 1 in Kconfig file.
*/
#define PDU_MEM_COUNT_MAX (PDU_MEM_COUNT_MIN + CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_DATA_BUF_MAX)
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
/* FIFO element count, that returns the consumed advertising PDUs (AD and Scan
* Response). 1 each for primary channel PDU (AD and Scan Response), plus one
* each for Extended Advertising and Periodic Advertising times the number of
* chained fragments that would get returned.
*/
#define PDU_MEM_FIFO_COUNT ((BT_CTLR_ADV_SET) + 1 + \
((BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET) * \
PAYLOAD_BASED_FRAG_COUNT) + \
((BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET) * \
PAYLOAD_FRAG_COUNT))
#define PDU_POOL_SIZE (PDU_MEM_SIZE * PDU_MEM_COUNT_MAX)
/* Free AD data PDU buffer pool */
static struct {
void *free;
uint8_t pool[PDU_POOL_SIZE];
} mem_pdu;
/* FIFO to return stale AD data PDU buffers from LLL to thread context */
static MFIFO_DEFINE(pdu_free, sizeof(void *), PDU_MEM_FIFO_COUNT);
/* Semaphore to wakeup thread waiting for free AD data PDU buffers */
static struct k_sem sem_pdu_free;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY)
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_DF_ADV_CTE_TX)
#define EXTRA_DATA_MEM_SIZE MROUND(sizeof(struct lll_df_adv_cfg))
#else
#define EXTRA_DATA_MEM_SIZE 0
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_DF_ADV_CTE_TX */
/* ToDo check if number of fragments is not smaller than number of CTE
* to be transmitted. Pay attention it would depend on the chain PDU storage
*
* Currently we can send only single CTE with AUX_SYNC_IND.
* Number is equal to allowed adv sync sets * 2 (double buffering).
*/
#define EXTRA_DATA_MEM_COUNT (BT_CTLR_ADV_SYNC_SET * PAYLOAD_FRAG_COUNT + 1)
#define EXTRA_DATA_MEM_FIFO_COUNT (EXTRA_DATA_MEM_COUNT * 2)
#define EXTRA_DATA_POOL_SIZE (EXTRA_DATA_MEM_SIZE * EXTRA_DATA_MEM_COUNT * 2)
/* Free extra data buffer pool */
static struct {
void *free;
uint8_t pool[EXTRA_DATA_POOL_SIZE];
} mem_extra_data;
/* FIFO to return stale extra data buffers from LLL to thread context. */
static MFIFO_DEFINE(extra_data_free, sizeof(void *), EXTRA_DATA_MEM_FIFO_COUNT);
static struct k_sem sem_extra_data_free;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY */
int lll_adv_init(void)
{
int err;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
#if (BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET > 0)
err = lll_adv_aux_init();
if (err) {
return err;
}
#endif /* BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET > 0 */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC)
err = lll_adv_sync_init();
if (err) {
return err;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC */
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
err = init_reset();
if (err) {
return err;
}
return 0;
}
int lll_adv_reset(void)
{
int err;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
#if (BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET > 0)
err = lll_adv_aux_reset();
if (err) {
return err;
}
#endif /* BT_CTLR_ADV_AUX_SET > 0 */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC)
err = lll_adv_sync_reset();
if (err) {
return err;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PERIODIC */
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
err = init_reset();
if (err) {
return err;
}
return 0;
}
int lll_adv_data_init(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu)
{
struct pdu_adv *p;
p = mem_acquire(&mem_pdu.free);
if (!p) {
return -ENOMEM;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
PDU_ADV_NEXT_PTR(p) = NULL;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK */
p->len = 0U;
pdu->pdu[0] = (void *)p;
return 0;
}
int lll_adv_data_reset(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu)
{
/* NOTE: this function is used on HCI reset to mem-zero the structure
* members that otherwise was zero-ed by the architecture
* startup code that zero-ed the .bss section.
* pdu[0] element in the array is not initialized as subsequent
* call to lll_adv_data_init will allocate a PDU buffer and
* assign that.
*/
pdu->first = 0U;
pdu->last = 0U;
pdu->pdu[1] = NULL;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY)
/* Both slots are NULL because the extra_memory is allocated only
* on request. Not every advertising PDU includes extra_data.
*/
pdu->extra_data[0] = NULL;
pdu->extra_data[1] = NULL;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY */
return 0;
}
int lll_adv_data_dequeue(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu)
{
uint8_t first;
void *p;
first = pdu->first;
if (first == pdu->last) {
return -ENOMEM;
}
p = pdu->pdu[first];
pdu->pdu[first] = NULL;
mem_release(p, &mem_pdu.free);
first++;
if (first == DOUBLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
first = 0U;
}
pdu->first = first;
return 0;
}
int lll_adv_data_release(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu)
{
uint8_t last;
void *p;
last = pdu->last;
p = pdu->pdu[last];
if (p) {
pdu->pdu[last] = NULL;
mem_release(p, &mem_pdu.free);
}
last++;
if (last == DOUBLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
last = 0U;
}
p = pdu->pdu[last];
if (p) {
pdu->pdu[last] = NULL;
mem_release(p, &mem_pdu.free);
}
return 0;
}
struct pdu_adv *lll_adv_pdu_alloc(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu, uint8_t *idx)
{
uint8_t first, last;
void *p;
/* TODO: Make this unique mechanism to update last element in double
* buffer a reusable utility function.
*/
first = pdu->first;
last = pdu->last;
if (first == last) {
/* Return the index of next free PDU in the double buffer */
last++;
if (last == DOUBLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
last = 0U;
}
} else {
uint8_t first_latest;
/* LLL has not consumed the first PDU. Revert back the `last` so
* that LLL still consumes the first PDU while the caller of
* this function updates/modifies the latest PDU.
*
* Under race condition:
* 1. LLL runs before `pdu->last` is reverted, then `pdu->first`
* has changed, hence restore `pdu->last` and return index of
* next free PDU in the double buffer.
* 2. LLL runs after `pdu->last` is reverted, then `pdu->first`
* will not change, return the saved `last` as the index of
* the next free PDU in the double buffer.
*/
pdu->last = first;
cpu_dmb();
first_latest = pdu->first;
if (first_latest != first) {
pdu->last = last;
last++;
if (last == DOUBLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
last = 0U;
}
}
}
*idx = last;
p = (void *)pdu->pdu[last];
if (p) {
return p;
}
p = lll_adv_pdu_alloc_pdu_adv();
pdu->pdu[last] = (void *)p;
return p;
}
struct pdu_adv *lll_adv_pdu_alloc_pdu_adv(void)
{
struct pdu_adv *p;
int err;
p = MFIFO_DEQUEUE_PEEK(pdu_free);
if (p) {
k_sem_reset(&sem_pdu_free);
MFIFO_DEQUEUE(pdu_free);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
PDU_ADV_NEXT_PTR(p) = NULL;
#endif
return p;
}
p = mem_acquire(&mem_pdu.free);
if (p) {
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
PDU_ADV_NEXT_PTR(p) = NULL;
#endif
return p;
}
err = k_sem_take(&sem_pdu_free, PDU_FREE_TIMEOUT);
LL_ASSERT(!err);
k_sem_reset(&sem_pdu_free);
p = MFIFO_DEQUEUE(pdu_free);
LL_ASSERT(p);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
PDU_ADV_NEXT_PTR(p) = NULL;
#endif
return p;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
void lll_adv_pdu_linked_release_all(struct pdu_adv *pdu_first)
{
struct pdu_adv *pdu = pdu_first;
while (pdu) {
struct pdu_adv *pdu_next;
pdu_next = PDU_ADV_NEXT_PTR(pdu);
PDU_ADV_NEXT_PTR(pdu) = NULL;
mem_release(pdu, &mem_pdu.free);
pdu = pdu_next;
}
}
#endif
struct pdu_adv *lll_adv_pdu_latest_get(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu,
uint8_t *is_modified)
{
uint8_t first;
first = pdu->first;
if (first != pdu->last) {
uint8_t free_idx;
uint8_t pdu_idx;
void *p;
pdu_idx = first;
p = pdu->pdu[pdu_idx];
do {
void *next;
/* Store partial list in current data index if there is
* no free slot in mfifo. It can be released on next
* switch attempt (on next event).
*/
if (!MFIFO_ENQUEUE_IDX_GET(pdu_free, &free_idx)) {
break;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
next = lll_adv_pdu_linked_next_get(p);
#else
next = NULL;
#endif
MFIFO_BY_IDX_ENQUEUE(pdu_free, free_idx, p);
pdu_free_sem_give();
p = next;
} while (p);
/* If not all PDUs where released into mfifo, keep the list in
* current data index, to be released on the next switch
* attempt.
*/
pdu->pdu[pdu_idx] = p;
/* Progress to next data index */
first += 1U;
if (first == DOUBLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
first = 0U;
}
pdu->first = first;
*is_modified = 1U;
}
return (void *)pdu->pdu[first];
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY)
int lll_adv_and_extra_data_init(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu)
{
struct pdu_adv *p;
void *extra_data;
p = mem_acquire(&mem_pdu.free);
if (!p) {
return -ENOMEM;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
PDU_ADV_NEXT_PTR(p) = NULL;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK */
pdu->pdu[0] = (void *)p;
extra_data = mem_acquire(&mem_extra_data.free);
if (!extra_data) {
return -ENOMEM;
}
pdu->extra_data[0] = extra_data;
return 0;
}
int lll_adv_and_extra_data_release(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu)
{
uint8_t last;
void *p;
last = pdu->last;
p = pdu->pdu[last];
pdu->pdu[last] = NULL;
mem_release(p, &mem_pdu.free);
adv_extra_data_release(pdu, last);
last++;
if (last == DOUBLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
last = 0U;
}
p = pdu->pdu[last];
if (p) {
pdu->pdu[last] = NULL;
mem_release(p, &mem_pdu.free);
}
adv_extra_data_release(pdu, last);
return 0;
}
struct pdu_adv *lll_adv_pdu_and_extra_data_alloc(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu,
void **extra_data,
uint8_t *idx)
{
struct pdu_adv *p;
p = lll_adv_pdu_alloc(pdu, idx);
if (extra_data) {
*extra_data = adv_extra_data_allocate(pdu, *idx);
} else {
if (adv_extra_data_free(pdu, *idx)) {
/* There is no release of memory allocated by
* adv_pdu_allocate because there is no memory leak.
* If caller can recover from this error and subsequent
* call to this function occurs, no new memory will be
* allocated. adv_pdu_allocate will return already
* allocated memory.
*/
return NULL;
}
}
return p;
}
struct pdu_adv *lll_adv_pdu_and_extra_data_latest_get(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu,
void **extra_data,
uint8_t *is_modified)
{
uint8_t first;
first = pdu->first;
if (first != pdu->last) {
uint8_t pdu_free_idx;
uint8_t ed_free_idx;
void *ed;
uint8_t pdu_idx;
void *p;
pdu_idx = first;
p = pdu->pdu[pdu_idx];
ed = pdu->extra_data[pdu_idx];
do {
void *next;
/* Store partial list in current data index if there is
* no free slot in mfifo. It can be released on next
* switch attempt (on next event).
*/
if (!MFIFO_ENQUEUE_IDX_GET(pdu_free, &pdu_free_idx)) {
pdu->pdu[pdu_idx] = p;
return NULL;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_PDU_LINK)
next = lll_adv_pdu_linked_next_get(p);
#else
next = NULL;
#endif
MFIFO_BY_IDX_ENQUEUE(pdu_free, pdu_free_idx, p);
pdu_free_sem_give();
p = next;
} while (p);
pdu->pdu[pdu_idx] = NULL;
if (ed && (!MFIFO_ENQUEUE_IDX_GET(extra_data_free,
&ed_free_idx))) {
/* No pdu_free_idx clean up is required, sobsequent
* calls to MFIFO_ENQUEUE_IDX_GET return the same
* index to memory that is in limbo state.
*/
return NULL;
}
first += 1U;
if (first == DOUBLE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
first = 0U;
}
pdu->first = first;
*is_modified = 1U;
pdu->pdu[pdu_idx] = NULL;
if (ed) {
pdu->extra_data[pdu_idx] = NULL;
MFIFO_BY_IDX_ENQUEUE(extra_data_free, ed_free_idx, ed);
extra_data_free_sem_give();
}
}
if (extra_data) {
*extra_data = pdu->extra_data[first];
}
return (void *)pdu->pdu[first];
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY */
void lll_adv_prepare(void *param)
{
int err;
err = lll_hfclock_on();
LL_ASSERT(err >= 0);
err = lll_prepare(is_abort_cb, abort_cb, prepare_cb, 0, param);
LL_ASSERT(!err || err == -EINPROGRESS);
}
bool lll_adv_scan_req_check(struct lll_adv *lll, struct pdu_adv *sr,
uint8_t tx_addr, uint8_t *addr,
uint8_t devmatch_ok, uint8_t *rl_idx)
{
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
return ((((lll->filter_policy & BT_LE_ADV_FP_FILTER_SCAN_REQ) == 0) &&
ull_filter_lll_rl_addr_allowed(sr->tx_addr,
sr->scan_req.scan_addr,
rl_idx)) ||
(((lll->filter_policy & BT_LE_ADV_FP_FILTER_SCAN_REQ) != 0) &&
(devmatch_ok || ull_filter_lll_irk_in_fal(*rl_idx)))) &&
isr_rx_sr_adva_check(tx_addr, addr, sr);
#else
return (((lll->filter_policy & BT_LE_ADV_FP_FILTER_SCAN_REQ) == 0U) ||
devmatch_ok) &&
isr_rx_sr_adva_check(tx_addr, addr, sr);
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_SCAN_REQ_NOTIFY)
int lll_adv_scan_req_report(struct lll_adv *lll, struct pdu_adv *pdu_adv_rx,
uint8_t rl_idx, uint8_t rssi_ready)
{
struct node_rx_pdu *node_rx;
node_rx = ull_pdu_rx_alloc_peek(3);
if (!node_rx) {
return -ENOBUFS;
}
ull_pdu_rx_alloc();
/* Prepare the report (scan req) */
node_rx->hdr.type = NODE_RX_TYPE_SCAN_REQ;
node_rx->hdr.handle = ull_adv_lll_handle_get(lll);
node_rx->rx_ftr.rssi = (rssi_ready) ? radio_rssi_get() :
BT_HCI_LE_RSSI_NOT_AVAILABLE;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
node_rx->rx_ftr.rl_idx = rl_idx;
#endif
ull_rx_put_sched(node_rx->hdr.link, node_rx);
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_SCAN_REQ_NOTIFY */
bool lll_adv_connect_ind_check(struct lll_adv *lll, struct pdu_adv *ci,
uint8_t tx_addr, uint8_t *addr,
uint8_t rx_addr, uint8_t *tgt_addr,
uint8_t devmatch_ok, uint8_t *rl_idx)
{
/* LL 4.3.2: filter policy shall be ignored for directed adv */
if (tgt_addr) {
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
return ull_filter_lll_rl_addr_allowed(ci->tx_addr,
ci->connect_ind.init_addr,
rl_idx) &&
#else
return (1) &&
#endif
isr_rx_ci_adva_check(tx_addr, addr, ci) &&
isr_rx_ci_tgta_check(lll, rx_addr, tgt_addr, ci,
*rl_idx);
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
return ((((lll->filter_policy & BT_LE_ADV_FP_FILTER_CONN_IND) == 0) &&
ull_filter_lll_rl_addr_allowed(ci->tx_addr,
ci->connect_ind.init_addr,
rl_idx)) ||
(((lll->filter_policy & BT_LE_ADV_FP_FILTER_CONN_IND) != 0) &&
(devmatch_ok || ull_filter_lll_irk_in_fal(*rl_idx)))) &&
isr_rx_ci_adva_check(tx_addr, addr, ci);
#else
return (((lll->filter_policy & BT_LE_ADV_FP_FILTER_CONN_IND) == 0) ||
(devmatch_ok)) &&
isr_rx_ci_adva_check(tx_addr, addr, ci);
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
}
/* Helper function to initialize data variable both at power up and on
* HCI reset.
*/
static int init_reset(void)
{
/* Initialize AC PDU pool */
mem_init(mem_pdu.pool, PDU_MEM_SIZE,
(sizeof(mem_pdu.pool) / PDU_MEM_SIZE), &mem_pdu.free);
/* Initialize AC PDU free buffer return queue */
MFIFO_INIT(pdu_free);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY)
/* Initialize extra data pool */
mem_init(mem_extra_data.pool, EXTRA_DATA_MEM_SIZE,
(sizeof(mem_extra_data.pool) / EXTRA_DATA_MEM_SIZE), &mem_extra_data.free);
/* Initialize extra data free buffer return queue */
MFIFO_INIT(extra_data_free);
k_sem_init(&sem_extra_data_free, 0, EXTRA_DATA_MEM_FIFO_COUNT);
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY */
/* Initialize semaphore for ticker API blocking wait */
k_sem_init(&sem_pdu_free, 0, PDU_MEM_FIFO_COUNT);
return 0;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ZLI)
static void mfy_pdu_free_sem_give(void *param)
{
ARG_UNUSED(param);
k_sem_give(&sem_pdu_free);
}
static void pdu_free_sem_give(void)
{
static memq_link_t link;
static struct mayfly mfy = {0, 0, &link, NULL, mfy_pdu_free_sem_give};
/* Ignore mayfly_enqueue failure on repeated enqueue call */
(void)mayfly_enqueue(TICKER_USER_ID_LLL, TICKER_USER_ID_ULL_HIGH, 0,
&mfy);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ZLI */
static void pdu_free_sem_give(void)
{
k_sem_give(&sem_pdu_free);
}
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ZLI */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY)
static void *adv_extra_data_allocate(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu, uint8_t last)
{
void *extra_data;
int err;
extra_data = pdu->extra_data[last];
if (extra_data) {
return extra_data;
}
extra_data = MFIFO_DEQUEUE_PEEK(extra_data_free);
if (extra_data) {
err = k_sem_take(&sem_extra_data_free, K_NO_WAIT);
LL_ASSERT(!err);
MFIFO_DEQUEUE(extra_data_free);
pdu->extra_data[last] = extra_data;
return extra_data;
}
extra_data = mem_acquire(&mem_extra_data.free);
if (extra_data) {
pdu->extra_data[last] = extra_data;
return extra_data;
}
err = k_sem_take(&sem_extra_data_free, PDU_FREE_TIMEOUT);
LL_ASSERT(!err);
extra_data = MFIFO_DEQUEUE(extra_data_free);
LL_ASSERT(extra_data);
pdu->extra_data[last] = (void *)extra_data;
return extra_data;
}
static int adv_extra_data_free(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu, uint8_t last)
{
uint8_t ed_free_idx;
void *ed;
ed = pdu->extra_data[last];
if (ed) {
if (!MFIFO_ENQUEUE_IDX_GET(extra_data_free, &ed_free_idx)) {
/* ToDo what if enqueue fails and assert does not fire?
* pdu_free_idx should be released before return.
*/
return -ENOMEM;
}
pdu->extra_data[last] = NULL;
MFIFO_BY_IDX_ENQUEUE(extra_data_free, ed_free_idx, ed);
extra_data_free_sem_give();
}
return 0;
}
static inline void adv_extra_data_release(struct lll_adv_pdu *pdu, int idx)
{
void *extra_data;
extra_data = pdu->extra_data[idx];
if (extra_data) {
pdu->extra_data[idx] = NULL;
mem_release(extra_data, &mem_extra_data.free);
}
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ZLI)
static void mfy_extra_data_free_sem_give(void *param)
{
ARG_UNUSED(param);
k_sem_give(&sem_extra_data_free);
}
static void extra_data_free_sem_give(void)
{
static memq_link_t link;
static struct mayfly mfy = {0, 0, &link, NULL,
mfy_extra_data_free_sem_give};
uint32_t retval;
retval = mayfly_enqueue(TICKER_USER_ID_LLL, TICKER_USER_ID_ULL_HIGH, 0,
&mfy);
LL_ASSERT(!retval);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ZLI */
static void extra_data_free_sem_give(void)
{
k_sem_give(&sem_extra_data_free);
}
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ZLI */
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT_PDU_EXTRA_DATA_MEMORY */
static int prepare_cb(struct lll_prepare_param *p)
{
uint32_t ticks_at_event;
uint32_t ticks_at_start;
struct pdu_adv *pdu;
struct ull_hdr *ull;
struct lll_adv *lll;
uint32_t remainder;
uint32_t start_us;
uint32_t ret;
uint32_t aa;
DEBUG_RADIO_START_A(1);
lll = p->param;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
/* Check if stopped (on connection establishment- or disabled race
* between LLL and ULL.
* When connectable advertising is disabled in thread context, cancelled
* flag is set, and initiated flag is checked. Here, we avoid
* transmitting connectable advertising event if cancelled flag is set.
*/
if (unlikely(lll->conn &&
(lll->conn->periph.initiated || lll->conn->periph.cancelled))) {
radio_isr_set(lll_isr_early_abort, lll);
radio_disable();
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
radio_reset();
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_TX_PWR_DYNAMIC_CONTROL)
radio_tx_power_set(lll->tx_pwr_lvl);
#else
radio_tx_power_set(RADIO_TXP_DEFAULT);
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_TX_PWR_DYNAMIC_CONTROL */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
/* TODO: if coded we use S8? */
radio_phy_set(lll->phy_p, lll->phy_flags);
radio_pkt_configure(RADIO_PKT_CONF_LENGTH_8BIT, PDU_AC_LEG_PAYLOAD_SIZE_MAX,
RADIO_PKT_CONF_PHY(lll->phy_p));
#else /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
radio_phy_set(0, 0);
radio_pkt_configure(RADIO_PKT_CONF_LENGTH_8BIT, PDU_AC_LEG_PAYLOAD_SIZE_MAX,
RADIO_PKT_CONF_PHY(RADIO_PKT_CONF_PHY_LEGACY));
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
aa = sys_cpu_to_le32(PDU_AC_ACCESS_ADDR);
radio_aa_set((uint8_t *)&aa);
radio_crc_configure(PDU_CRC_POLYNOMIAL,
PDU_AC_CRC_IV);
lll->chan_map_curr = lll->chan_map;
pdu = chan_prepare(lll);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_HCI_MESH_EXT)
_radio.mesh_adv_end_us = 0;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_HCI_MESH_EXT */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
if (ull_filter_lll_rl_enabled()) {
struct lll_filter *filter =
ull_filter_lll_get(!!(lll->filter_policy));
radio_filter_configure(filter->enable_bitmask,
filter->addr_type_bitmask,
(uint8_t *)filter->bdaddr);
} else
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_FILTER_ACCEPT_LIST) && lll->filter_policy) {
/* Setup Radio Filter */
struct lll_filter *fal = ull_filter_lll_get(true);
radio_filter_configure(fal->enable_bitmask,
fal->addr_type_bitmask,
(uint8_t *)fal->bdaddr);
}
ticks_at_event = p->ticks_at_expire;
ull = HDR_LLL2ULL(lll);
ticks_at_event += lll_event_offset_get(ull);
ticks_at_start = ticks_at_event;
ticks_at_start += HAL_TICKER_US_TO_TICKS(EVENT_OVERHEAD_START_US);
remainder = p->remainder;
start_us = radio_tmr_start(1, ticks_at_start, remainder);
/* capture end of Tx-ed PDU, used to calculate HCTO. */
radio_tmr_end_capture();
#if defined(HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN)
radio_gpio_pa_setup();
radio_gpio_pa_lna_enable(start_us + radio_tx_ready_delay_get(0, 0) -
HAL_RADIO_GPIO_PA_OFFSET);
#else /* !HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN */
ARG_UNUSED(start_us);
#endif /* !HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_XTAL_ADVANCED) && \
(EVENT_OVERHEAD_PREEMPT_US <= EVENT_OVERHEAD_PREEMPT_MIN_US)
uint32_t overhead;
overhead = lll_preempt_calc(ull, (TICKER_ID_ADV_BASE + ull_adv_lll_handle_get(lll)),
ticks_at_event);
/* check if preempt to start has changed */
if (overhead) {
LL_ASSERT_OVERHEAD(overhead);
radio_isr_set(isr_abort, lll);
radio_disable();
return -ECANCELED;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_XTAL_ADVANCED */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT) && defined(CONFIG_BT_TICKER_EXT_EXPIRE_INFO)
if (lll->aux) {
/* fill in aux ptr in pdu */
ull_adv_aux_lll_auxptr_fill(pdu, lll);
/* NOTE: as first primary channel PDU does not use remainder, the packet
* timer is started one tick in advance to start the radio with
* microsecond precision, hence compensate for the higher start_us value
* captured at radio start of the first primary channel PDU.
*/
lll->aux->ticks_pri_pdu_offset += 1U;
}
#endif
ret = lll_prepare_done(lll);
LL_ASSERT(!ret);
DEBUG_RADIO_START_A(1);
return 0;
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
static int resume_prepare_cb(struct lll_prepare_param *p)
{
struct ull_hdr *ull;
ull = HDR_LLL2ULL(p->param);
p->ticks_at_expire = ticker_ticks_now_get() - lll_event_offset_get(ull);
p->remainder = 0;
p->lazy = 0;
return prepare_cb(p);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
static int is_abort_cb(void *next, void *curr, lll_prepare_cb_t *resume_cb)
{
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
struct lll_adv *lll = curr;
struct pdu_adv *pdu;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
/* TODO: prio check */
if (next != curr) {
if (0) {
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
} else if (lll->is_hdcd) {
int err;
/* wrap back after the pre-empter */
*resume_cb = resume_prepare_cb;
/* Retain HF clk */
err = lll_hfclock_on();
LL_ASSERT(err >= 0);
return -EAGAIN;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
} else {
return -ECANCELED;
}
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
pdu = lll_adv_data_curr_get(lll);
if (pdu->type == PDU_ADV_TYPE_DIRECT_IND) {
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
return -ECANCELED;
}
static void abort_cb(struct lll_prepare_param *prepare_param, void *param)
{
int err;
/* NOTE: This is not a prepare being cancelled */
if (!prepare_param) {
/* Perform event abort here.
* After event has been cleanly aborted, clean up resources
* and dispatch event done.
*/
radio_isr_set(isr_abort, param);
radio_disable();
return;
}
/* NOTE: Else clean the top half preparations of the aborted event
* currently in preparation pipeline.
*/
err = lll_hfclock_off();
LL_ASSERT(err >= 0);
lll_done(param);
}
static void isr_tx(void *param)
{
struct node_rx_pdu *node_rx_prof;
struct node_rx_pdu *node_rx;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
struct lll_adv *lll = param;
uint8_t phy_p = lll->phy_p;
uint8_t phy_flags = lll->phy_flags;
#else
const uint8_t phy_p = 0U;
const uint8_t phy_flags = 0U;
#endif
uint32_t hcto;
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
lll_prof_latency_capture();
node_rx_prof = lll_prof_reserve();
}
/* Clear radio tx status and events */
lll_isr_tx_status_reset();
/* setup tIFS switching */
radio_tmr_tifs_set(EVENT_IFS_US);
radio_switch_complete_and_tx(phy_p, 0, phy_p, phy_flags);
/* setup Rx buffer */
node_rx = ull_pdu_rx_alloc_peek(1);
LL_ASSERT(node_rx);
radio_pkt_rx_set(node_rx->pdu);
/* assert if radio packet ptr is not set and radio started rx */
LL_ASSERT(!radio_is_ready());
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
lll_prof_cputime_capture();
}
radio_isr_set(isr_rx, param);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
if (ull_filter_lll_rl_enabled()) {
uint8_t count, *irks = ull_filter_lll_irks_get(&count);
radio_ar_configure(count, irks, 0);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
/* +/- 2us active clock jitter, +1 us PPI to timer start compensation */
hcto = radio_tmr_tifs_base_get() + EVENT_IFS_US +
(EVENT_CLOCK_JITTER_US << 1) + RANGE_DELAY_US +
HAL_RADIO_TMR_START_DELAY_US;
hcto += radio_rx_chain_delay_get(phy_p, 0);
hcto += addr_us_get(phy_p);
hcto -= radio_tx_chain_delay_get(phy_p, 0);
radio_tmr_hcto_configure(hcto);
/* capture end of CONNECT_IND PDU, used for calculating first
* peripheral event.
*/
radio_tmr_end_capture();
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_SCAN_REQ_RSSI) ||
IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_CONN_RSSI)) {
radio_rssi_measure();
}
#if defined(HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_LNA_PIN)
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
/* PA/LNA enable is overwriting packet end used in ISR
* profiling, hence back it up for later use.
*/
lll_prof_radio_end_backup();
}
radio_gpio_lna_setup();
radio_gpio_pa_lna_enable(radio_tmr_tifs_base_get() + EVENT_IFS_US - 4 -
radio_tx_chain_delay_get(phy_p, 0) -
HAL_RADIO_GPIO_LNA_OFFSET);
#endif /* HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_LNA_PIN */
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
/* NOTE: as scratch packet is used to receive, it is safe to
* generate profile event using rx nodes.
*/
lll_prof_reserve_send(node_rx_prof);
}
}
static void isr_rx(void *param)
{
uint8_t devmatch_ok;
uint8_t devmatch_id;
uint8_t irkmatch_ok;
uint8_t irkmatch_id;
uint8_t rssi_ready;
uint8_t trx_done;
uint8_t crc_ok;
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
lll_prof_latency_capture();
}
/* Read radio status and events */
trx_done = radio_is_done();
if (trx_done) {
crc_ok = radio_crc_is_valid();
devmatch_ok = radio_filter_has_match();
devmatch_id = radio_filter_match_get();
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)) {
irkmatch_ok = radio_ar_has_match();
irkmatch_id = radio_ar_match_get();
} else {
irkmatch_ok = 0U;
irkmatch_id = FILTER_IDX_NONE;
}
rssi_ready = radio_rssi_is_ready();
} else {
crc_ok = devmatch_ok = irkmatch_ok = rssi_ready = 0U;
devmatch_id = irkmatch_id = FILTER_IDX_NONE;
}
/* Clear radio status and events */
lll_isr_status_reset();
/* No Rx */
if (!trx_done) {
goto isr_rx_do_close;
}
if (crc_ok) {
int err;
err = isr_rx_pdu(param, devmatch_ok, devmatch_id, irkmatch_ok,
irkmatch_id, rssi_ready);
if (!err) {
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
lll_prof_send();
}
return;
}
}
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
lll_prof_cputime_capture();
lll_prof_send();
}
isr_rx_do_close:
radio_isr_set(isr_done, param);
radio_disable();
}
static void isr_done(void *param)
{
struct lll_adv *lll;
/* Clear radio status and events */
lll_isr_status_reset();
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_HCI_MESH_EXT)
if (_radio.advertiser.is_mesh &&
!_radio.mesh_adv_end_us) {
_radio.mesh_adv_end_us = radio_tmr_end_get();
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_HCI_MESH_EXT */
lll = param;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_LOW_LAT) && lll->is_hdcd &&
!lll->chan_map_curr) {
lll->chan_map_curr = lll->chan_map;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
/* NOTE: Do not continue to connectable advertise if advertising is
* being disabled, by checking the cancelled flag.
*/
if (lll->chan_map_curr &&
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
(!lll->conn || !lll->conn->periph.cancelled) &&
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
1) {
struct pdu_adv *pdu;
uint32_t start_us;
pdu = chan_prepare(lll);
#if defined(HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN) || defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
start_us = radio_tmr_start_now(1);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)
struct lll_adv_aux *lll_aux;
lll_aux = lll->aux;
if (lll_aux) {
(void)ull_adv_aux_lll_offset_fill(pdu,
lll_aux->ticks_pri_pdu_offset,
lll_aux->us_pri_pdu_offset,
start_us);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
ARG_UNUSED(pdu);
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT */
#if defined(HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN)
radio_gpio_pa_setup();
radio_gpio_pa_lna_enable(start_us +
radio_tx_ready_delay_get(0, 0) -
HAL_RADIO_GPIO_PA_OFFSET);
#endif /* HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN */
#else /* !(HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN || defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)) */
ARG_UNUSED(start_us);
radio_tx_enable();
#endif /* !(HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN || defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT)) */
/* capture end of Tx-ed PDU, used to calculate HCTO. */
radio_tmr_end_capture();
return;
}
radio_filter_disable();
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
if (!lll->is_hdcd)
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
{
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_HCI_MESH_EXT)
if (_radio.advertiser.is_mesh) {
uint32_t err;
err = isr_close_adv_mesh();
if (err) {
return 0;
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_HCI_MESH_EXT */
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_INDICATION)
struct node_rx_pdu *node_rx = ull_pdu_rx_alloc_peek(3);
if (node_rx) {
ull_pdu_rx_alloc();
/* TODO: add other info by defining a payload struct */
node_rx->hdr.type = NODE_RX_TYPE_ADV_INDICATION;
ull_rx_put_sched(node_rx->hdr.link, node_rx);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_INDICATION */
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT) || defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_JIT_SCHEDULING)
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT) && !defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_JIT_SCHEDULING)
/* If no auxiliary PDUs scheduled, generate primary radio event done */
if (!lll->aux)
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT && !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_JIT_SCHEDULING */
{
struct event_done_extra *extra;
extra = ull_done_extra_type_set(EVENT_DONE_EXTRA_TYPE_ADV);
LL_ASSERT(extra);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT || CONFIG_BT_CTLR_JIT_SCHEDULING */
lll_isr_cleanup(param);
}
static void isr_abort(void *param)
{
/* Clear radio status and events */
lll_isr_status_reset();
/* Disable any filter that was setup */
radio_filter_disable();
/* Current LLL radio event is done*/
lll_isr_cleanup(param);
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
static void isr_abort_all(void *param)
{
static memq_link_t link;
static struct mayfly mfy = {0, 0, &link, NULL, lll_disable};
uint32_t ret;
/* Clear radio status and events */
lll_isr_status_reset();
/* Disable any filter that was setup */
radio_filter_disable();
/* Current LLL radio event is done*/
lll_isr_cleanup(param);
/* Abort any LLL prepare/resume enqueued in pipeline */
mfy.param = param;
ret = mayfly_enqueue(TICKER_USER_ID_LLL, TICKER_USER_ID_LLL, 1U, &mfy);
LL_ASSERT(!ret);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
static struct pdu_adv *chan_prepare(struct lll_adv *lll)
{
struct pdu_adv *pdu;
uint8_t chan;
uint8_t upd;
chan = find_lsb_set(lll->chan_map_curr);
LL_ASSERT(chan);
lll->chan_map_curr &= (lll->chan_map_curr - 1);
lll_chan_set(36 + chan);
/* FIXME: get latest only when primary PDU without Aux PDUs */
upd = 0U;
pdu = lll_adv_data_latest_get(lll, &upd);
LL_ASSERT(pdu);
radio_pkt_tx_set(pdu);
if ((pdu->type != PDU_ADV_TYPE_NONCONN_IND) &&
(!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT) ||
(pdu->type != PDU_ADV_TYPE_EXT_IND))) {
struct pdu_adv *scan_pdu;
scan_pdu = lll_adv_scan_rsp_latest_get(lll, &upd);
LL_ASSERT(scan_pdu);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
if (upd) {
/* Copy the address from the adv packet we will send
* into the scan response.
*/
memcpy(&scan_pdu->scan_rsp.addr[0],
&pdu->adv_ind.addr[0], BDADDR_SIZE);
}
#else
ARG_UNUSED(scan_pdu);
ARG_UNUSED(upd);
#endif /* !CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
radio_isr_set(isr_tx, lll);
radio_tmr_tifs_set(EVENT_IFS_US);
radio_switch_complete_and_rx(0);
} else {
radio_isr_set(isr_done, lll);
radio_switch_complete_and_disable();
}
return pdu;
}
static inline int isr_rx_pdu(struct lll_adv *lll,
uint8_t devmatch_ok, uint8_t devmatch_id,
uint8_t irkmatch_ok, uint8_t irkmatch_id,
uint8_t rssi_ready)
{
struct node_rx_pdu *node_rx;
struct pdu_adv *pdu_adv;
struct pdu_adv *pdu_rx;
uint8_t tx_addr;
uint8_t *addr;
uint8_t rx_addr;
uint8_t *tgt_addr;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
/* An IRK match implies address resolution enabled */
uint8_t rl_idx = irkmatch_ok ? ull_filter_lll_rl_irk_idx(irkmatch_id) :
FILTER_IDX_NONE;
#else
uint8_t rl_idx = FILTER_IDX_NONE;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
node_rx = ull_pdu_rx_alloc_peek(1);
LL_ASSERT(node_rx);
pdu_rx = (void *)node_rx->pdu;
pdu_adv = lll_adv_data_curr_get(lll);
addr = pdu_adv->adv_ind.addr;
tx_addr = pdu_adv->tx_addr;
if (pdu_adv->type == PDU_ADV_TYPE_DIRECT_IND) {
tgt_addr = pdu_adv->direct_ind.tgt_addr;
} else {
tgt_addr = NULL;
}
rx_addr = pdu_adv->rx_addr;
if ((pdu_rx->type == PDU_ADV_TYPE_SCAN_REQ) &&
(pdu_rx->len == sizeof(struct pdu_adv_scan_req)) &&
(tgt_addr == NULL) &&
lll_adv_scan_req_check(lll, pdu_rx, tx_addr, addr, devmatch_ok,
&rl_idx)) {
radio_isr_set(isr_done, lll);
radio_switch_complete_and_disable();
radio_pkt_tx_set(lll_adv_scan_rsp_curr_get(lll));
/* assert if radio packet ptr is not set and radio started tx */
LL_ASSERT(!radio_is_ready());
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
lll_prof_cputime_capture();
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_SCAN_REQ_NOTIFY)
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_ADV_EXT) ||
lll->scan_req_notify) {
uint32_t err;
/* Generate the scan request event */
err = lll_adv_scan_req_report(lll, pdu_rx, rl_idx,
rssi_ready);
if (err) {
/* Scan Response will not be transmitted */
return err;
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_SCAN_REQ_NOTIFY */
#if defined(HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN)
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
/* PA/LNA enable is overwriting packet end used in ISR
* profiling, hence back it up for later use.
*/
lll_prof_radio_end_backup();
}
radio_gpio_pa_setup();
radio_gpio_pa_lna_enable(radio_tmr_tifs_base_get() +
EVENT_IFS_US -
radio_rx_chain_delay_get(0, 0) -
HAL_RADIO_GPIO_PA_OFFSET);
#endif /* HAL_RADIO_GPIO_HAVE_PA_PIN */
return 0;
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL)
/* NOTE: Do not accept CONNECT_IND if cancelled flag is set in thread
* context when disabling connectable advertising. This is to
* avoid any race in checking the initiated flags in thread mode
* which is set here if accepting a connection establishment.
*
* Under this race, peer central would get failed to establish
* connection as the disconnect reason. This is an acceptable
* outcome to keep the thread mode implementation simple when
* disabling connectable advertising.
*/
} else if ((pdu_rx->type == PDU_ADV_TYPE_CONNECT_IND) &&
(pdu_rx->len == sizeof(struct pdu_adv_connect_ind)) &&
lll->conn && !lll->conn->periph.cancelled &&
lll_adv_connect_ind_check(lll, pdu_rx, tx_addr, addr,
rx_addr, tgt_addr,
devmatch_ok, &rl_idx)) {
struct node_rx_ftr *ftr;
struct node_rx_pdu *rx;
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_CHAN_SEL_2)) {
rx = ull_pdu_rx_alloc_peek(4);
} else {
rx = ull_pdu_rx_alloc_peek(3);
}
if (!rx) {
return -ENOBUFS;
}
radio_isr_set(isr_abort_all, lll);
radio_disable();
/* assert if radio started tx */
LL_ASSERT(!radio_is_ready());
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PROFILE_ISR)) {
lll_prof_cputime_capture();
}
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_CONN_RSSI)
if (rssi_ready) {
lll->conn->rssi_latest = radio_rssi_get();
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_CONN_RSSI */
/* Stop further LLL radio events */
lll->conn->periph.initiated = 1;
rx = ull_pdu_rx_alloc();
rx->hdr.type = NODE_RX_TYPE_CONNECTION;
rx->hdr.handle = 0xffff;
ftr = &(rx->rx_ftr);
ftr->param = lll;
ftr->ticks_anchor = radio_tmr_start_get();
ftr->radio_end_us = radio_tmr_end_get() -
radio_rx_chain_delay_get(0, 0);
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
ftr->rl_idx = irkmatch_ok ? rl_idx : FILTER_IDX_NONE;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_CHAN_SEL_2)) {
ftr->extra = ull_pdu_rx_alloc();
}
ull_rx_put_sched(rx->hdr.link, rx);
return 0;
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_PERIPHERAL */
}
return -EINVAL;
}
static bool isr_rx_sr_adva_check(uint8_t tx_addr, uint8_t *addr,
struct pdu_adv *sr)
{
return (tx_addr == sr->rx_addr) &&
!memcmp(addr, sr->scan_req.adv_addr, BDADDR_SIZE);
}
static inline bool isr_rx_ci_tgta_check(struct lll_adv *lll,
uint8_t rx_addr, uint8_t *tgt_addr,
struct pdu_adv *ci, uint8_t rl_idx)
{
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY)
if (rl_idx != FILTER_IDX_NONE && lll->rl_idx != FILTER_IDX_NONE) {
return rl_idx == lll->rl_idx;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_BT_CTLR_PRIVACY */
return (rx_addr == ci->tx_addr) &&
!memcmp(tgt_addr, ci->connect_ind.init_addr, BDADDR_SIZE);
}
static inline bool isr_rx_ci_adva_check(uint8_t tx_addr, uint8_t *addr,
struct pdu_adv *ci)
{
return (tx_addr == ci->rx_addr) &&
!memcmp(addr, ci->connect_ind.adv_addr, BDADDR_SIZE);
}
#if defined(CONFIG_ZTEST)
uint32_t lll_adv_free_pdu_fifo_count_get(void)
{
return MFIFO_AVAIL_COUNT_GET(pdu_free);
}
uint32_t lll_adv_pdu_mem_free_count_get(void)
{
return mem_free_count_get(mem_pdu.free);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ZTEST */
``` |
John Wilford Blackstone Jr. (December 22, 1835October 22, 1911) was an American farmer, lawyer, politician, and judge. A Republican, he represented Lafayette County for one term each in the Wisconsin State Senate and Assembly. He also served two four-year terms as County Judge for Lafayette County.
Biography
Born in White Oak Springs (then part of the Michigan Territory) Blackstone read law with John K. Williams and was admitted to the State Bar of Wisconsin in 1861. He was elected County Judge in Lafayette County that year, commencing his term in January 1862. He served two terms before losing re-election in 1868. In 1873, he returned to office as District Attorney.
He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in the 1879 session and in the Wisconsin State Senate for the 1880 and 1881 sessions. He also worked as an agent of the Bureau of Pensions for three years. Later in life, he moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where his daughter, Roccey, resided. He died there in 1911.
Personal life and family
Blackstone is a direct descendant of William Blaxton (Blackstone), one of the first colonists of the Plymouth Colony, and the first English resident at Boston (1623) and Rhode Island (1635). The name "Blackstone" appears on many landmarks of New England due to his noteworthy ancestor.
His father was John Wilford Blackstone, Sr., one of the early pioneers of Lafayette County, who served in the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature and was a judge for Iowa County during the time it was organized under the Michigan Territory.
John W. Blackstone Jr. married Ellen E. Hardy, of Platteville, Wisconsin, on June 20, 1862. They had at least four children:
Roccey, who married and moved to Minneapolis
Jessie, who became principal of the Prescott School in Anaconda, Montana
John III, who became editor and publisher of the Southwestern Local in Shullsburg
Ralph, who became a freight conductor on the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad
References
External links
1835 births
1911 deaths
People from Lafayette County, Wisconsin
Wisconsin lawyers
Wisconsin state court judges
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Wisconsin state senators
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers |
Šariš Castle (Slovak: Šarišský hrad, Hungarian: Sáros vára) is a ruined Gothic and Renaissance era stone castle above the town of Veľký Šariš in Prešov District, Prešov Region, Slovakia. It is a hilltop castle located on a cone-shaped hill with a wide plateau at its top, in an altitude of approximately 570 m (1870.07 ft) above sea level. The ruins lie 6-7 km northwest of Prešov, Slovakia, in the traditional region Šariš. The castle is listed in the National Cultural Heritage list of the Monuments Board of the Slovak Republic.
History
The castle is one of the oldest and biggest castles in Slovakia. It was permanently settled from the Neolithic to the 4th century AD, then from the 10th to the 12th century, and finally a new castle was built in the 13th century. The castle was destroyed by fire in 1678.
The former county and traditional region of Šariš both draw their name from the name of the castle, due to it having served as the original county seat for several centuries (as was common with many Hungarian castles serving this political function).
Gallery
See also
List of castles in Slovakia
References
External links
Official website of the civic association Rákociho cesta (in Slovak) - Civic historical association currently in charge of restoration works on the castle.
Castles in Slovakia
Ruined castles in Slovakia
Buildings and structures in Prešov Region
Tourist attractions in Prešov Region
13th-century architecture in Slovakia
Gothic architecture in Slovakia
Renaissance architecture in Slovakia |
WHBT (1410 AM) was an American gospel music station broadcasting in Tallahassee, Florida, United States. It was licensed to and served the Tallahassee, Florida area. The station was last owned by Cumulus Media. Its studios were located in the westside of Tallahassee and its transmitter site due north of downtown near I-10.
Prior to September 3, 2008, it was a sports/talk radio station known as ESPN 1410 The Fan. It has aired programs from ESPN Radio and its own studios such as Mike and Mike in the Morning, Colin Cowheard, then WHBT Sports Director Ron Vitrano's "Fan Forum". Other programs that aired were Vitrano, and ESPN's Mike Tirico. WHBT was the current home of the University of Miami Hurricanes and Miami Dolphins Football Radio Broadcasts in Tallahassee.
On September 3, 2008, WHBT switched to its final format, gospel music.
Cumulus Media surrendered WHBT's license to the Federal Communications Commission on February 17, 2021. Its license was cancelled on February 18, 2021, and W252BN became a repeater for the HD2 subchannel of sister station WWLD.
References
External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWHBT (Facility ID: 28162)
FCC History Cards for WHBT (covering 1957-1980 as WRFB / WONS / WKQE)
HBT
Radio stations established in 1959
Cumulus Media radio stations
1959 establishments in Florida
Radio stations disestablished in 2021
2021 disestablishments in Florida
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Defunct religious radio stations in the United States
HBT |
Zajezierze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chmielno, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately west of Chmielno, west of Kartuzy, and west of the regional capital Gdańsk.
For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Zajezierze |
Prior to the introduction of brain death into law in the mid to late 1970s, all organ transplants from cadaveric donors came from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs).
Donors after brain death (DBD) (beating heart cadavers), however, led to better results as the organs were perfused with oxygenated blood until the point of perfusion and cooling at organ retrieval, and so NHBDs were generally no longer used except in Japan, where brain death was not legally or culturally recognized, until very recently.
However, a growing discrepancy between demand for organs and their availability from DBDs has led to a re-examination of using non-heart-beating donations, DCD (Donation after Circulatory Death, or Donation after Cardiac Death), and many centres are now using such donations to expand their potential pool of organs.
Tissue donation (corneas, heart valves, skin, bone) has always been possible for NHBDs, and many centres now have established programmes for kidney transplants from such donors. A few centres have also moved into DCD liver and lung transplants. Many lessons have been learnt since the 1970s, and results from current DCDs transplants are comparable to transplants from DBDs.
Maastricht classification
Non-heart-beating donors are grouped by the Maastricht classification: developed at Maastricht in the Netherlands. in 1995 during the first International Workshop on Non-Heart‐Beating donors.
Categories I, II, IV and V are termed uncontrolled and category III is controlled.
As of yet, only tissues such as heart valves, skin and corneas can be taken from category I donors. Category II donors are patients who have had a witnessed cardiac arrest outside hospital, have cardiopulmonary resuscitation by CPR-trained providers commenced within 10 minutes but who cannot be successfully resuscitated. Category III donors are patients on intensive care units with nonsurvivable injuries who have treatment withdrawn; where such patients wished in life to be organ donors, the transplant team can attend at the time of treatment withdrawal and retrieve organs after cardiac arrest has occurred.
Maastricht definitions were reevaluated after the 6th International Conference in Organ Donation held in Paris in 2013 and a consensus agreement of an established expert European Working Group on the definitions and terminology were standardized, and later the word "retrieved" (organ) was substituted for "recovered" throughout the text.
Organs that can be used
Kidneys can be used from category II donors, and all organs except the heart can potentially be used from category III, IV and V donors. An unsuccessful kidney recipient can remain on dialysis, unlike recipients of some other organs, meaning that a failure will not result in death.
Kidneys from uncontrolled (category II) donors must be assessed with care as there is otherwise a high rate of failure. Many centres have protocols for formal viability assessment. Relatively few centres worldwide retrieve such kidneys, and leaders in this field include the transplant units in Maastricht (the Netherlands), Newcastle upon Tyne and Leicester (United Kingdom), Madrid and Barcelona (Spain), Pavia (Italy) and Washington, DC (United States).
Livers and lungs for transplant can only be taken from controlled donors, and are still somewhat experimental as they have only been performed successfully in relatively few centres. In the United Kingdom, NHBD liver transplants are currently performed in Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, King's College Hospital London, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Newcastle upon Tyne and the Scottish Liver Transplant Unit in Edinburgh. In other countries such as Spain, currently up to one-third of transplants are performed with NHBD. The International Meeting on Transplantation from Non-Heart-Beating Donors is organised in the UK every two years and brings together specialists in transplantation including transplant physicians, surgeons, fellows, nurses, coordinators, intensive care physicians, perfusion technicians, ethicists, and researchers interested in the aspects of retrieval, preservation and transplantation of DCD thoracic and abdominal organs and cells.
Lectures are held by experts on the most challenging themes such as clinical outcomes of transplantation of controlled and uncontrolled DCD organs, progress made on machine perfusion of kidneys, livers, lungs and hearts and ethics and legal issues regarding donation after cardiac death.
Procedure for uncontrolled donors
Following declaration of death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is continued until the transplant team arrive. A stand-off period is observed after cessation of CPR to confirm that death has occurred; this is usually from 5 to 10 minutes in length and varies according to local protocols.
Once the stand-off period has elapsed, a cut down is performed over the femoral artery, and a double-balloon triple-lumen (DBTL) catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and passed into the aorta. The balloons are inflated to occlude the aorta above and below the renal arteries (any donor blood specimens required can be taken before the top balloon is inflated). A pre-flush with streptokinase or another thrombolytic is given through the catheter, followed by 20 litres of cold kidney perfusion fluid; the opening of the lumen is between the balloons so that most of the flush and perfusion fluid goes into the kidneys. Another catheter is inserted into the femoral vein to allow venting of the fluid.
Once full formal consent for organ donation has been obtained from relatives, and other necessary formalities such as identification of the deceased by the police and informing the Coroner (in the UK), the donor is taken to the operating room, and the kidneys and heart valves retrieved.
Procedure for controlled donors
If the liver or lungs are felt to be suitable for transplantation, then the donor is usually taken directly to the operating room after cardiac arrest, and a rapid retrieval operation is performed once a 10-minute stand-off period has elapsed. It seems this stand-off period has been reduced to as short as 75 seconds based on a recent article by the CBC. This is now causing an ethical debate as to whether physicians will declare death sooner than is currently required. This is similar to a normal multi-organ retrieval, but prioritises rapid cannulation, perfusion and cooling with ice, with dissection following later.
If only the kidneys are suitable for retrieval, either rapid retrieval or cannulation with DBTL catheter can be used. Use of a DBTL catheter allows relatives of the deceased to see them after death, but the donor must be taken to the operating room as soon as possible.
Category IV donors (who are already brain-stem dead), should either proceed as for a normal multi-organ retrieval—if this has already started—or should be managed as a category II or III as appropriate to the circumstances of cardiac arrest.
Ethical issues
Certain ethical issues are raised by NHBD transplantation such as administering drugs which do not benefit the donor, observance of the Dead-donor Rule, the decision-making surrounding resuscitation, the withdrawal of life-support, the respect for a dying patient and the dead body, as well as proper information for the family. In 2016 author Dale Gardiner issued a report called "How the UK Overcame the Ethical, Legal and Professional Challenges in Donation After Circulatory Death".
Actions prior to consent
In category II uncontrolled donors, the donor may die and the transplant team arrive before the donor's next-of-kin can be contacted. It is controversial whether cannulation and perfusion can be started in these circumstances. On one hand, it can be considered a violation of the potential donor's autonomy to cannulate before their in-life wishes are known. On the other hand, delay in cannulation may mean that a patient's strongly held wish to be donor cannot be respected. Many ethicists also feel that a doctor's duty of care to the still living outweighs any duty of care to the dead. The compromise reached is usually to cannulate if there is any evidence of a wish to donate (such as a donor card or registration as a donor) even in the absence of next-of-kin.
For category III donors, treatment is being withdrawn from a living person, who will then die and become a donor. Important factors for assessment include A) that the decisions regarding nonsurvivable injuries are correct, B) continued treatment is futile and C) that withdrawal is in the patient's best interests be made completely independently of any consideration of suitability as an organ donor. Only after such decisions have been firmly made should a patient be considered as a potential organ donor. Although such treatment can be continued until the transplant team arrives, no additional treatment should be started to improve the organs—until the point of death, the patient should be treated exactly as any other dying patient.
The standard recommendation to ensure this is to require a complete separation of the treatment and organ procurement teams. It is not, however, clear how complete this separation can be in those jurisdictions that require hospitals to report the names of candidates for organ donation to an Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) before life support has been withdrawn so that organ donation can be discussed with surrogates. This forces treating physicians to view their patients partly as potential organ donors, and even absent an OPO, it is unrealistic to think treating physicians are not aware of benefits to others of transplantation, and sometimes weigh this against the benefit of continued treatment to the patient. As one author puts it: "If the person in need of organ transplantation is younger, more attractive, or in some way more deserving than another critically ill patient"—and there are always such patients awaiting transplants—"then the conclusion that one patient's condition is hopeless can be tainted by an understanding of the tremendous hope organ availability holds for another."
Factored into this is the element of judgement that physicians bring to evaluating the "best interest" of patients. There is considerable variability among physicians in determining from whom to withdraw life-sustaining treatments in the ICU. Bias has been demonstrated on the part of medical professionals against patients who are perceived as disabled or are otherwise stigmatized. Studies have shown that, when evaluating the quality of life of severely disabled patients, physicians consistently apply much poorer rating than do the patients themselves. This raises the question: Would prejudice about vulnerable patients, such as disabled people, lead medical professionals to approach such individuals and families for NHBD more than others with higher "quality of life" ratings? Thus, as Doig puts it: "…the possibility of conflicted decision-making in a controlled DCD program is more than a theoretical possibility." The upshot is that the mere existence of a NHBD program in a hospital potentially compromises the care of patients. Few have rejected those programs on this basis, but the question of how to protect against it is ongoing.
Dead donor rule
The so-called "dead donor rule" (DDR) requires that persons be dead before their organs can be taken, and this rule is basic to all DCD programs. Also common to all DCD programs is that death is determined by cardiocirculatory criteria according to which life-support is withdrawn, an interval of the monitored absence of pulse, blood pressure, and respiration observed, and then death declared. Programs differ, however, on the length of the interval. The Pittsburgh Protocol requires 2 minutes, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Canadian Council for Donation and Transplantation (CCDT) 5 minutes, the 1981 President's Commission 10 minutes, and recently Boucek et al. have proposed that it can be shortened to 75 seconds.
These times are based on estimates of when autoresuscitation (i.e., the spontaneous recovery of circulatory activity) becomes impossible. The scientific validity of all these times, however, has been questioned. The IOM in 2000 concluded that "existing empirical data cannot confirm or disprove a specific interval at which the cessation of cardiopulmonary function becomes irreversible." In addition, none of these intervals precludes the possibility of CPR restoring cardiocirculatory activity. To preclude that, brain death is required. The exact interval at which that occurs is likewise not known, but it is known to be more than 10 minutes.
In light of this we can now raise the question of whether patients declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria are really dead. It is generally agreed that death occurs when the patient is in an irreversible state. Whether patients declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria are really dead thus depends on what is meant by "irreversible," and the term is open to a stronger and weaker interpretation.
On the stronger interpretation "irreversibility" means that spontaneous cardiocirculation "cannot be restored no matter what intervention is done, including CPR." On the weaker interpretation it means that spontaneous cardiocirculation "cannot be restored because CPR efforts have been refused by the patient (as a DNR order in an advance directive), by a surrogate decision-maker or by the medical team because it is not medically indicated." Thus the person need not be in a physically irreversible state, but only in a morally or legally irreversible state.
On the weaker interpretation, persons declared dead by DCD cardiocirculatory criteria cannot be known to be dead, as it is not always physically impossible to restore circulation by vigorous CPR. The weaker interpretation, however, does allow persons declared dead by DCD criteria to be counted as dead. It is often objected that this interpretation does not accord with the everyday meaning of death. Ordinarily we do not think that persons are dead when we have reasons not to revive them, but only when they cannot physically be revived. Nonetheless, declaring persons dead for purposes of transplantation by DCD criteria is "accepted medical practice" in many parts of the world, and where it is (as in Canada, for example) the legal standard for declaring death is met.
The upshot is that we cannot straightforwardly say whether DCD violates the DDR. Whether it does or not depends on whether we think this requires that people be dead in the ordinary sense of the word or in a legal or some other understanding of it, and writers are lined up on both sides of this issue.
Pain and suffering
Controlled DCD may involve interventions such as vessel cannulation before life-sustaining therapy is withdrawn and death is declared, and may also involve post-mortem interventions such as in situ preservation. Uncontrolled DCD may additionally involve chest compressions and mechanical ventilation both before and after consent for DCD is obtained and typically requires the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. We know that all of these interventions cause distress to conscious patients who are not taking palliative medications. Thus, because patients who are candidates for DCD are not known to be brain dead either before or shortly after they are declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria, the possibility that they may experience distress must be considered.
There are three approaches that have been taken to this possibility of pain and suffering: (1) provide palliative medications where there are physical signs compatible with distress; (2) withhold all such medications on the ground that even if signs of distress are occurring, the patient does not have sufficient cognition to interpret any sensations as noxious; or (3) provide palliative medications prophylactically to prevent any possible distress. Whichever approach is adopted, worries have been expressed over whether patients can be guaranteed not to experience any distress. Re: (1) providing medication only on signs compatible with distress does not prevent the possibility of distress. Re: (2), since patients declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria cannot be known to be brain dead, dismissing signs compatible with distress as not being distress again does not prevent the possibility of distress. Re: (3) physicians may inappropriately withhold sufficient sedative or analgesic medication to avoid the appearance of euthanasia or in order to improve organ viability.
There is also the question of whether DCD patients receive compromised end of life (EOL) care. The President's Council for Bioethics has warned that DCD can transform EOL care from a "peaceful dignified death" into a profanely "high-tech death" experience for donors and donor's families. ICUs are not typically set up to provide optimum palliative care. The process of obtaining donation consent and subsequent donor management protocols for DCD deviate from some of the quality indicators recommended for optimal EOL care. Organ-focused behaviour by professionals requesting consent for organ donation and ambivalent decision making by family members increase the risk of relatives of deceased donors subsequently developing traumatic memories and stress disorders. The processes required for the successful accomplishment of donation consent and subsequent organ recovery can interfere with many of the interventions that lessen the burden of bereavement of relatives of ICU decedents.
Informed consent
The standard consent for DCD goes like this. Patients or families are told that they will have a chance to say their goodbyes, the patient will then be taken to the operating room, life support will be removed, and after 2–10 minutes of continuously observed absence of pulse, blood pressure, and respiration, death will be declared and the removal of organs begin. Consent to this is taken to be consent to organ donation at death determined by cardiocirculatory criteria, i.e., to DCD. The problem is that death is commonly understood as an irreversible state in the strong sense. The commonsense understanding of death is that it is a permanent state, and that if a person has truly died then life cannot be restored to the individual. Death understood as an irreversible state in the weak sense—as one that will not be, or ought not to be, or cannot legally or morally be reversed—is on this view a revisionist account of how death can be best conceived rather than an accurate descriptive account of how it actually is commonly understood. Given this, when donors consent to donation at death they can only be presumed to be consenting to organ donation when their loved one is in a physically irreversible state. Since, however, death determined by cardiocirculatory criteria is not necessarily a physically irreversible state, consent to organ donation at death is not consent to organ donation at death determined by cardiocirculatory criteria.
Menikoff criticizes the IOM for not routinely disclosing to prospective donors and families that and how death determined by cardiocirculatory criteria differs from death in the ordinary sense. In particular, he faults the IOM for not telling them that donors will be declared dead before brain death is known to have occurred, and hence they may have their organs removed when portions of the brain (including the higher brain) are still functional. Potts et al. on behalf of the IOM reply that informed consent does not require this level of disclosure: "Reviewing with interested family members that all brain activity may not have ceased at the exact moment that death is pronounced may be appropriate in some circumstances, but, for many families confronted with such overwhelming emotional matters, knowledge that death has been pronounced is what is paramount. The sensitivity and skill of the physicians and nurses to the individual needs of families is the key factor whether or not organ donation is involved."
Behind this disagreement on what disclosure is required is a larger one that Brock has characterized as a choice between "truth or consequences". In Brock's view, public policy cannot centre in on the unqualified and unconstrained search for the truth without concern for the consequences of that search. On some occasions "the likely effects on the well-being and rights of the public of exposing the full complexity, ambiguity, uncertainty, and controversy surrounding a particular public policy could be sufficiently adverse and serious to justify not exposing them and presenting the issue in misleading or oversimplified terms instead." Brock concludes that "No general answer can be given to truth-or-consequences choices that will hold for all cases. In any particular instance of this choice, we must instead weigh the policy gains against the moral and political risks, and how that balances out will often be empirically uncertain and morally controversial."
On the issue at hand, Menikoff and Brock think that the importance of informed consent should put us on the "truth" side of the question. Menikoff writes: "Deceiving prospective organ donors about relevant truths concerning their condition is likely, ultimately, to lead to diminished public confidence and to fewer organ donations. But even if it did not reduce the number of donated organs, in a system that is allegedly based on freely given consent, we must recognize that obtaining such consent by telling less than the truth is fundamentally wrong." And Brock contends that in a democratic state there is a presumption that the citizens will be informed about all relevant information of public policy, and thinks that DCD involves such a radical change in the timing of death from what people ordinarily think, that it is something that they should be informed about. By contrast, the IOM took itself to have the task of addressing the question: "Given a potential donor in an end-of-life situation, what are the alternative medical approaches that can be used to maximize the availability of organs from that donor without violating prevailing ethical norms regarding the rights and welfare of donors?" And it replied: "Our goal was to support both the interests of patients and families regarding nature and time of death and the public's interests in increased organ procurement. In striking the balance, the expert panel strictly adhered to widely endorsed principles of ethics and established legal and legal guidelines." In thus balancing what is disclosed to the family against what is in the interest of organ procurement, the IOM comes down on the "consequences" side of the "truth or consequences" debate.
DCD and the future
DCD is a procedure that operates in an area set by two rules. The first is the DDR, which says that no vital organs can be taken before the patient is dead. The second, a corollary of this, prohibits killing patients by or for organ procurement.
It is not, however, always clear how procedures that are beneficial to transplantation can be fit under those rules. For example, providing ECMO (Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation) to donors immediately after death is declared by cardiocirculatory criteria can keep organs in their freshest possible condition. If, however, ECMO provides circulation and oxygenation to the entire body, can the donor really be declared dead by those criteria? The rules can also generate other puzzle cases. If a donor is declared dead by cardiocirculatory criteria, can the heart be transplanted, or does the fact that the heart is started in another negate the determination of death in the first?
Further such problems are bound to arise in the future. To handle them Bernat recommends that a committee be set up: "A consensus-driven oversight process should determine whether investigational protocols reflect appropriate medical treatment and whether their translation into accepted clinical practice is sound public policy. Leaders of the critical care, neurology, and transplantation communities need to jointly draft practice guidelines for organ donation after circulatory death that establish acceptable boundaries of practice. These boundaries should be based on scientific data and accepted principles and should be demarcated conservatively to maintain public confidence in the integrity of the transplantation enterprise."
Others, however, argue that rather than having to either provide answers to these problems that square with the rules in question or forgo advantageous procedures, it would be best to reject those rules. Instead of making the question "When is the patient dead?" the central question to trigger organ retrieval, the proposal is to shift the focus to obtaining valid consent from patients or surrogates and the principle of nonmaleficence. As Truog explains the proposal: "On this view, policies could be changed such that organ procurement would be permitted only with the consent of the donor or appropriate surrogate and only when doing so would not harm the donor. Individuals who could not be harmed by the procedure would include those who are permanently and irreversibly unconscious (patients in a persistent vegetative state or newborns with anencephaly) and those who are imminently and irreversibly dying. Qualified individuals who had given their consent could simply have their organs removed under general anesthesia without first undergoing an orchestrated withdrawal of life support. Anencephalic newborns whose parents requested organ donation could likewise have the organs removed under general anesthesia without the need to wait for the diagnosis of brain death."
This approach has conceptual and pragmatic advantages. On the conceptual side, securing organs at optimum times does not require us to constantly redefine death and when it occurs so that persons who are alive may have their organs taken. It would also allow us to say that when a physician removes life-support and the patient dies that the physician caused patient's death. Many think this is more natural than saying that all the physician did was to return the patient to an untreated disease state and that state caused the death. Finally, we thereby avoid the proliferation of definitions of death with differing times in different jurisdictions, different definitions of death for different purposes (the cardiocirculatory definition of death discussed in this article is only valid for DCD), and arbitrary rulings such as declaring anencephalic infants with heartbeat dead.
On the pragmatic side, rejecting the rules in question would have advantages for recipients and donors in transplant programs. Because there will now be no necessary interval between pulselessness and the declaration of death, there can be a reduction in warm ischemia time, and so an improvement in the quality and quantity of transplantable organs. It will also be possible to give the donor drugs such as heparin and phentolamine, which can hasten death but also maximize organ preservation. Finally, it will eliminate the possibility that patients will experience discomfort as they are withdrawn from ventilator support by allowing potentially fatal doses of morphine that are not titrated to signs of distress.
The main obstacle to accepting the proposal is securing the acceptance of the public to allow physicians to cause the death of (which is to say kill) patients to obtain transplantable organs. Proponents of the proposal contend that robust consent requirements can provide the public with the assurance against exploitation that the dead donor rule and the prohibition on killing are designed to provide. Others deny this. Thus the question can be posed: "Given the difficulties our society is likely to experience in trying to openly adjudicate these disparate views [of accepting or rejecting the prohibition on physicians killing for transplantation], why not simply go along with the quieter strategy of policy creep? It seems to be getting us where we want to go, albeit slowly. Besides, total candor is not always compatible with public policy (Calabresi G and Bobbitt P. Tragic Choices. New York: Norton,1978)." The debate continues unresolved.
References
Organ donation
Transplantation medicine
Medical ethics |
Pyae Phyo Zaw (; born 2 June 1994 in Myanmar) is a footballer from Burma, and a defender of Yangon United. He promoted from Yangon Youth Team to Yangon United Senior Team. Pyae Phyo Zaw was born in Taungoo, Bago Division.
Club career
Yangon United
First ever match of Pyae Phyo Zaw in Yangon United was against Hantharwady United. He was chosen when Zaw Min Tun was injured.
References
1994 births
Living people
People from Yangon Region
Burmese men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Yangon United F.C. players
Myanmar men's international footballers |
```yaml
# UTF-8
# YAML #
# name
name:
# other_names ...
# YAML
# other_names: {"":"", "":"", "":"Tom"}
#
other_names:
# sex M/F /
sex: M
# birth 4 N/A
birth: 1950
# death 4 N/A
death: N/A
# desc YAML
# desc
desc: |
# links YAML list
#
#
links:
``` |
Lawrence Hill (born September 4, 1971) better known by his stage name Larry Larr is an American rapper and businessman. He first came in the music wave with other Philadelphia rappers such as Schooly D, Steady B and DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince in the mid eighties. He first signed his deal with Ruffhouse Records and released his debut album entitled "Da Wizzard Of Odds" in 1991 with the lead single "Larry, That’s What They Call Me" which only charted on the Hot Rap Songs at the position 7 and his second single "Confused" only made it at 10 on the Hot Rap Songs as well. However the album didn't sell well only making 67 on Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
Studio albums
References
1971 births
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
Living people
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Rappers from Philadelphia
Ruffhouse Records artists
Columbia Records artists
East Coast hip hop musicians
Gangsta rappers
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people |
Snipe Peak () is a peak, 225 m, which is the main peak on Moe Island, situated close southwest of Signy Island in the South Orkney Islands. Surveyed in 1933 by DI personnel. The name, proposed by G. Robin of Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) following his survey in 1947, commemorates the first visit to Signy Island, in February 1948, of HMS Snipe (Commander J.G. Forbes, RN).
Mountains of the South Orkney Islands |
José Manuel Francisco Javier Espinosa y Espinosa (2 December 1815, Quito – 4 September 1870) was President of Ecuador, from 20 January 1868 to 19 January 1869.
References
JAVIER ESPINOSA ESPINOSA. diccionariobiograficoecuador.com
1815 births
1870 deaths
Politicians from Quito
Ecuadorian people of Spanish descent
Conservative Party (Ecuador) politicians
Presidents of Ecuador
19th-century Ecuadorian politicians |
Frederick or Fred Cooper may refer to:
Fred Cooper (bicyclist) (1852–1935), professional racing cyclist and bicycle manufacturer
Fred Cooper (cricketer, born 1888) (1888–1958), Essex cricketer
Fred Cooper (cricketer, born 1921) (1921–1986), Lancashire and Worcestershire cricketer
Fred Cooper (footballer) (1934–1972), professional footballer for West Ham United in the 1950s
Fred Cooper (illustrator), Society of Illustrators's Hall of Fame
Frederick Augustus Cooper (1834–1908), Australian politician
Frederick Henry Cooper (1827–1869), served as Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar, Punjab during the Indian rebellion of 1857
Frederic Taber Cooper (1864–1937), American editor and writer
Frederick Cooper (actor) (1890–1945), British actor in Henry V
Frederick Cooper (historian), American historian and professor of history at New York University
Fred Cooper (sport shooter) (1910–?), British Olympic sport shooter
Fred Cooper (boat designer), powerboat designer, early of the British Power Boat Company
Fred Cooper (rugby union), Welsh rugby union footballer of the 1890s for Yorkshire, Newport Athletic RFC, and Bradford FC
See also
Cooper (surname) |
Julius Høgh-Guldberg (4 April 1779 – November 1861) was a Danish officer, commissioner and politician. He had a long and prominent military career until he retired in 1832 at the rank of colonel. He settled in Aarhus where he became a member of the city council. He was extensively involved in social issues and advocacy. He was awarded both the Order of the Dannebrog and the Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog before he died in 1861.
Early life and family
Høgh-Guldberg was born in Copenhagen in 1779 where he grew up with 6 siblings. His parents were prime minister Ove Høegh-Guldberg and his second wife Lucie Emmerentze Nørlem.
Høgh-Guldberg married twice, first time in 1805 to Margrethe Pallene Hahn (1782-1835) with whom he had 8 children, the second time in 1841 to Cathrine Johanne Emilie Friis (1813-1899) with whom he had a son. His last born also became his namesake, Julius Emil Høegh-Guldberg and would eventually have a prominent career as well.
Military career
Høgh-Guldberg grew up in Copenhagen to wealthy, well-connected parents. In 1792 he became a second lieutenant à la suite in the Danish army, in 1794 first lieutenant à la suite in the 1. Jutland Infantry Regiment, in 1798 Captain, in 1803 her served as a staff officer and in 1806 he was given his own company. He served during the English Wars and was on 28 January 1809 awarded the Order of the Dannebrog and was in the same year promoted to major and made a battalion chief. In 1816 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and in 1823 he was promoted to colonel and relocated to Aarhus to take charge of the forces there. 9 years later he retired from the army but remained in Aarhus.
Politics and public service
He settled in Aarhus and eventually became a member of the city council from 3 January 1840 to 8 January 1852 and was a chairman of it between 1842 and 1843. On 28 January 1859 he was awarded the Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog.
In 1838 he replaced Thomas Funder as warden of the poor. In 1840 and until 1852 he was a member of the Church Inspectors for the Diocese of Aarhus. Between 1840 and 1842 and 1852 he sat on the commission for the poor.
Between 1840 and 1847 he sat on the commission for billing, between 1840 and 1846 and between 1851 and 1852 he was on the commission for paving, between 1848 and 1849 he served as an auditor. From 1848 to 1849 he was on the budget commission, from 1849 to 1850 he was on the revenue commission. From 1850 to 1861 he served variously on the commissions for health, fire and safety and forests. As a city council member he also wrote summaries of city council meetings which were later published in Århus Stiftstidende, the first time information was published in that manner.
Philanthropy
Høegh-Guldberg was involved in philanthropy on many levels. He personally grew and gave away fruit trees to poor worker families and attempted to breed silk worms and get others interested. In 1821 he took initiative to establishing Aarhus Stiftstbibliotek (Aarhus Parish Library) and had a reading room set aside just for technical material. Through the years he collected a large number of ancient artifacts which he later donated to the historisk-antikvariske selskab (Pre-historic society) which would later become the Pre-historic Museum. Høegh-Guldberg sat on the board of Princess Caroline's Asylum for Children and was active in Prince Ferdinand's Drawing School, the forebear to Aarhus Tech which he is considered the founder of. He was also involved in founding the credit union Spare- og Lånekassen.
In 1825 he rented a hilly, overgrown area outside the city walls by Studsgade's Port and landscaped it the year after under an agreement to plant 3000 trees on the land. This was the beginning of what would become the park of Vennelystparken, known as Guldbergs Have (Guldberg's Garden) at the time. Høegh-Guldberg sat on the committee for future use of the park in 1849 and later on the committee for the park from 1852 and 1861.
Depictions
In 1829 he was painted by Christen Købke, a friend of Høegh-Guldberg's son Emmerik Høegh-Guldberg. Emmerik and two other family members was also painted by Kæbke and today all four paintings can be found in ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum. The Royal Danish Library has a daguerreotype of Høegh-Guldberg sitting with 3 of his children.
References
Publications
Local politicians in Denmark
1779 births
1861 deaths
Military personnel from Copenhagen
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Burials in Aarhus City Hall Park
Danish philanthropists
19th-century Danish military officers |
Xenolepidichthys dalgleishi, the spotted tinselfish, is a species of tinselfish found in deep oceanic waters at depths of from . This species grows to a length of TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.
References
Grammicolepididae
Fish described in 1922 |
```objective-c
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
the Free Software Foundation
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. */
// Animation names
#define BURNEDSTAINONTHEWALL_ANIM_DEFAULT_ANIMATION 0
// Color names
// Patch names
// Names of collision boxes
#define BURNEDSTAINONTHEWALL_COLLISION_BOX_PART_NAME 0
// Attaching position names
// Sound names
``` |
Generation IV (Gen IV) reactors are nuclear reactor design technologies that are envisioned as successors of generation III reactors. The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) – an international organization that coordinates the development of generation IV reactors – specifically selected six reactor technologies as candidates for generation IV reactors. The designs target improved safety, sustainability, efficiency, and cost. The first commercial Gen IV plants are not expected before 2040–2050, although the World Nuclear Association in 2015 suggested that some might enter commercial operation before 2030.
Overview
No precise definition of a Generation IV reactor exists. However, the term is intended to refer to nuclear reactor technologies that were under development as of approximately 2000, and whose designs were (at least at that time) believed to represent "the future shape of nuclear energy." The six designs selected at that time were: the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR), the lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR), the molten salt reactor (MSR), the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), the supercritical-water-cooled reactor (SCWR) and the very high-temperature reactor (VHTR).
The majority of reactors in operation around the world are considered second generation and third generation reactor systems, as the majority of the first generation systems have been retired. Since 2021, China is the first country to operate a demonstration generation-IV reactor, the HTR-PM, of the pebble-bed type. (Meanwhile, Generation V reactors are purely theoretical and are not yet considered feasible.)
The most developed Gen IV reactor design is the sodium fast reactor. It has received the greatest share of funding that supports demonstration facilities. Moir and Teller consider the molten-salt reactor, a less developed technology, as potentially having the greatest inherent safety of the six models.
The very-high-temperature reactor designs operate at much higher temperatures than prior generations. This allows for high temperature electrolysis or for sulfur–iodine cycle for the efficient production of hydrogen and the synthesis of carbon-neutral fuels.
Generation IV International Forum
The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) is an international organization with its stated goal being "the development of concepts for one or more Generation IV systems that can be licensed, constructed, and operated in a manner that will provide a competitively priced and reliable supply of energy ... while satisfactorily addressing nuclear safety, waste, proliferation and public perception concerns." It coordinates the development of GEN IV technologies. It has been instrumental in coordinating research into the six types of Generation IV reactors, and in defining the scope and meaning of the term itself.
As of 2021, active members include: Australia, Canada, China, the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), France, Japan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Non-active members include Argentina and Brazil.
The Forum was initiated in January 2000 by the Office of Nuclear Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) "as a co-operative international endeavour seeking to develop the research necessary to test the feasibility and performance of fourth generation nuclear systems, and to make them available for industrial deployment by 2030." It was established in 2001, aiming at availability for industrial deployment by 2030.
In November 2013, a brief overview of the reactor designs and activities by each forum member was made available. An update of the technology roadmap which details R&D objectives for the next decade was published in January 2014.
In May 2019, Terrestrial Energy, the Canadian developer of a molten salt reactor, became the first private company to join GIF.
At the Forum's October 2021 meeting, the Forum members agreed to create a task force on non-electric applications of nuclear heat, including district and industrial heat applications, desalination and large-scale hydrogen production.
Timelines
The GIF Forum has introduced development timelines for each of the six systems. Research and development is divided into three phases:
Viability: test basic concepts under relevant conditions; identify and resolve all "potential technical show-stoppers";
Performance: verify and optimise "engineering-scale processes, phenomena and materials capabilities" under prototypical conditions;
Demonstration: complete and license the detailed design and carry out construction and operation of prototype or demonstration systems.
In 2000, GIF stated, "After the performance phase is complete for each system, at least six years and several US$ billion will be required for detailed design and construction of a demonstration system." In the Roadmap update of 2013, the performance and demonstration phases were considerably shifted to later dates, while no targets for the commercialisation phases are set. According to the GIF, "It will take at least two or three decades before the deployment of commercial Gen IV systems."
Reactor types
Many reactor types were considered initially; the list was then refined to focus on the most promising technologies. Three systems are nominally thermal reactors and three are fast reactors. The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) potentially can provide high quality process heat. Fast reactors offer the possibility of burning actinides to further reduce waste and can breed more fuel than they consume. These systems offer significant advances in sustainability, safety and reliability, economics, proliferation resistance, and physical protection.
Thermal reactors
A thermal reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses slow or thermal neutrons. A neutron moderator is used to slow the neutrons emitted by fission to make them more likely to be captured by the fuel.
Very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR)
The very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR) uses a graphite-moderated core with a once-through uranium fuel cycle, using helium or molten salt. This reactor design envisions an outlet temperature of 1,000°C. The reactor core can be either a prismatic-block or a pebble bed reactor design. The high temperatures enable applications such as process heat or hydrogen production via the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle process.
In 2012, as part of its next generation nuclear plant competition, Idaho National Laboratory approved a design similar to Areva's prismatic block Antares reactor to be deployed as a prototype by 2021.
In January 2016, X-energy was provided a five-year grant of up to $40 million by the United States Department of Energy to advance their reactor development. The Xe-100 is a PBMR that would generate 80 MWe, or 320 MWe in a 'four-pack'.
Since 2021, the Chinese government is operating a demonstration HTR-PM 200-MW high temperature pebble bed reactor as a successor to its HTR-10.
Molten-salt reactor (MSR)
A molten salt reactor (MSR) is a type of reactor where the primary coolant or the fuel itself is a molten salt mixture. It operates at high temperature and low pressure.
Molten salt can be used for thermal, epithermal and fast reactors. Since 2005 the focus has been on fast spectrum MSRs (MSFR).
Other designs include integral molten salt reactors (e.g. IMSR) and molten chloride salt fast reactors (MCSFR).
Early thermal spectrum concepts and many current ones rely on uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) or thorium tetrafluoride (ThF4), dissolved in molten fluoride salt. The fluid reaches criticality by flowing into a core with a graphite moderator. The fuel may be dispersed in a graphite matrix. These designs are more accurately termed an epithermal reactor than a thermal reactor due to the higher average speed of the neutrons that cause the fission events.
MCSFR does away with the graphite moderator. They achieve criticality using a sufficient volume of salt and fissile material. They can consume much more of the fuel and leave only short-lived waste.
Most MSR designs are derived from the 1960s Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE). Variants include the conceptual Dual fluid reactor that uses lead as a cooling medium with molten salt fuel, commonly a metal chloride, e.g. plutonium(III) chloride, to aid in greater closed-fuel cycle capabilities. Other notable approaches include the Stable Salt Reactor (SSR) concept, which encases the molten salt in the well-established fuel rods of conventional reactors. This latter design was found to be the most competitive by consultancy firm Energy Process Development in 2015.
Another design under development is TerraPower's Molten Chloride Fast Reactor. This concept mixes the liquid natural uranium and molten chloride coolant in the reactor core, reaching very high temperatures at atmospheric pressure.
Another notable feature of the MSR is the possibility of a thermal spectrum nuclear waste-burner. Conventionally only fast spectrum reactors have been considered viable for utilization or reduction of the spent nuclear fuel. Thermal waste-burning was achieved by replacing a fraction of the uranium in the spent nuclear fuel with thorium. The net production rate of transuranic elements (e.g. plutonium and americium) is below the consumption rate, thus reducing the nuclear storage problem, without the nuclear proliferation concerns and other technical issues associated with a fast reactor.
Supercritical-water-cooled reactor (SCWR)
The supercritical water reactor (SCWR) is a reduced moderation water reactor concept. Because the average speed of the fission-causing neutrons within the fuel is faster than thermal neutrons, it is more accurately termed an epithermal reactor than a thermal reactor. It uses supercritical water as the working fluid. SCWRs are basically light water reactors (LWR) operating at higher pressure and temperatures with a direct, once-through heat exchange cycle. As commonly envisioned, it would operate on a direct cycle, much like a boiling water reactor (BWR). Since it uses supercritical water (not to be confused with critical mass) as the working fluid, it would have only one water phase. This makes the heat exchange method more similar to a pressurized water reactor (PWR). It could operate at much higher temperatures than both current PWRs and BWRs.
Supercritical water-cooled reactors (SCWRs) offer high thermal efficiency (i.e., about 45% vs. about 33% efficiency for current LWRs) and considerable simplification.
The mission of the SCWR is generation of low-cost electricity. It is built upon two proven technologies, LWRs, the most commonly deployed power generating reactors, and superheated fossil fuel fired boilers, also in wide use. 32 organizations in 13 countries are investigating the concept.
SCWRs share the steam explosion and radioactive steam release hazards of BWRs and LWRs as well as the need for extremely expensive heavy duty pressure vessels, pipes, valves, and pumps. These shared problems are inherently more severe for SCWRs due to their higher temperatures.
One SCWR design under development is the VVER-1700/393 (VVER-SCWR or VVER-SKD) – a Russian SCWR with double-inlet-core and a breeding ratio of 0.95.
Fast reactors
A fast reactor directly uses fission neutrons without moderation. Fast reactors can be configured to "burn", or fission, all actinides, and given enough time, therefore drastically reduce the actinides fraction in spent nuclear fuel produced by the present world fleet of thermal neutron light water reactors, thus closing the fuel cycle. Alternatively, if configured differently, they can breed more actinide fuel than they consume.
Gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR)
The gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) features a fast-neutron spectrum and closed fuel cycle. The reactor is helium-cooled. Its outlet temperature is 850 °C. It moves the very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR) to a more sustainable fuel cycle. It uses a direct Brayton cycle gas turbine for high thermal efficiency. Several fuel forms are under consideration: composite ceramic fuel, advanced fuel particles, or ceramic-clad actinide compounds. Core configurations involve pin- or plate-based fuel assemblies or prismatic blocks.
The European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative provided funding for three Generation IV reactor systems:
Allegro: a 100 MWt gas-cooled fast reactor, planned for central or eastern Europe. The central European Visegrád Group are pursuing the technology.
GoFastR: In 2013 German, British, and French institutes finished a 3-year collaboration study on the follow-on industrial scale design. They were funded by the EU's 7th FWP framework programme, with the goal of making a sustainable VHTR.
Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR)
Sodium-cooled fast reactors (SCFRs) have been operated in multiple countries since the 1980s.
The two largest experimental sodium cooled fast reactors are in Russia, the BN-600 and the BN-800 (880 MWe gross). These NPPs are being used to provide operating experience and technological solutions that will be applied to the construction of the BN-1200 (OKBM Afrikantov first Gen IV reactor). The largest ever operated was the French Superphenix reactor at over 1200 MWe, successfully operating before decommissioning in 1996. In India, the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) reached criticality in October 1985. In September 2002, fuel burn up efficiency in the FBTR for the first time reached the 100,000 megawatt-days per metric ton uranium (MWd/MTU) mark. This is considered an important milestone in Indian breeder reactor technology. Using that experience, the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, a 500 MWe Sodium cooled fast reactor is being built at a cost of INR 5,677 crores (~US$900 million). After numerous delays, the government reported in March 2020 that the reactor might be operational in December 2021. The PFBR was to be followed by six more Commercial Fast Breeder Reactors (CFBRs) of 600 MWe each.
The Gen IV SFR is a project that builds on the oxide fueled fast breeder reactor and the metal fueled integral fast reactor. Its goals are to increase the efficiency of uranium usage by breeding plutonium and eliminating transuranic isotopes. The reactor design uses an unmoderated core running on fast neutrons, designed to allow any transuranic isotope to be consumed (and in some cases used as fuel). SFR fuel expands when the reactor overheats, automatically slowing down the chain reaction, making it passively safe.
One SFR reactor concept is cooled by liquid sodium and fueled by a metallic alloy of uranium and plutonium or spent nuclear fuel, the "nuclear waste" of light water reactors. The SFR fuel is contained in steel cladding. Liquid sodium fills the space between the clad elements that make up the fuel assembly. One of the design challenges is the risks of handling sodium, which reacts explosively if it comes into contact with water. The use of liquid metal instead of water as coolant allows the system to work at atmospheric pressure, reducing the risk of leakage.
The European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative funded three Generation IV reactor systems. Advanced Sodium Technical Reactor for Industrial Demonstration (ASTRID) was a sodium-cooled fast reactor, that was cancelled in August 2019.
Numerous progenitors of the Gen IV SFR exist. The 400 MWt Fast Flux Test Facility operated for ten years at Hanford; the 20 MWe EBR II operated for over thirty years at Idaho National Laboratory, but was shut down in 1994.
GE Hitachi's PRISM reactor is a modernized and commercial implementation of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR), developed by Argonne National Laboratory between 1984 and 1994. The primary purpose of PRISM is burning up spent nuclear fuel from other reactors, rather than breeding new fuel. The design reduces the half lives of the fissionable elements present in spent nuclear fuel while generating electricity largely as a byproduct.
Lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR)
The lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) features a fast-neutron-spectrum lead or lead/bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant with a closed fuel cycle. Proposals include a small 50 to 150 MWe that features a long refueling interval, a modular system rated at 300 to 400 MWe, and a large monolithic plant at 1,200 MWe. The fuel is metal or nitride-based containing fertile uranium and transuranics. The reactor is cooled by natural convection with a reactor outlet coolant temperature of 550-800 °C. The higher temperature enables the production of hydrogen by thermochemical processes.
The European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative is funding a 100 MWt LFR, an accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor called MYRRHA. It is to be built in Belgium with construction expected by 2036. A reduced-power model called Guinevere was started up at Mol in March 2009 and became operational in 2012.
Two other lead-cooled fast reactors under development are the SVBR-100, a modular 100 MWe lead-bismuth cooled fast neutron reactor concept designed by OKB Gidropress in Russia and the BREST-OD-300 (Lead-cooled fast reactor) 300 MWe, to be developed after the SVBR-100, it will dispense with the fertile blanket around the core and will supersede the sodium cooled BN-600 reactor design, to purportedly give enhanced proliferation resistance. Preparatory construction work commenced in May 2020.
Assessment
The GEN IV Forum reframes the reactor safety paradigm, from accepting that nuclear accidents can occur and should be mastered, to eliminating the physical possibility of an accident. Active and passive safety systems would be at least as effective as those of Generation III systems and render the most severe accidents physically impossible.
Relative to Gen II-III, advantages of Gen IV reactors include:
Nuclear waste that remains radioactive for a few centuries instead of millennia
100–300x energy yield from the same amount of nuclear fuel
Broader range of fuels, including unencapsulated raw fuels (non-pebble MSR, LFTR).
Potential to burn existing nuclear waste and produce electricity: a closed fuel cycle.
Improved safety via features such as ambient pressure operation, automatic passive reactor shutdown, and alternate coolants.
A specific risk of the SFR is related to using metallic sodium as a coolant. In case of a breach, sodium explosively reacts with water. Argon is used to prevent sodium oxidation. Argon can displace oxygen in the air and can pose hypoxia concerns for workers. This was a factor at the loop type Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju at Tsuruga, Japan. Using lead or molten salt coolants mitigates this problem as they are less reactive and have a high freezing temperature and ambient pressure. Lead has much higher viscosity, much higher density, lower heat capacity, and more radioactive neutron activation products than sodium.
Multiple proof of concept Gen IV designs have been built. For example, the reactors at Fort St. Vrain Generating Station and HTR-10 are similar to the proposed Gen IV VHTR designs, and the pool type EBR-II, Phénix, BN-600 and BN-800 reactor are similar to the proposed pool type Gen IV SFR designs.
Nuclear engineer David Lochbaum cautions, "the problem with new reactors and accidents is twofold: scenarios arise that are impossible to plan for in simulations; and humans make mistakes". As one director of a U.S. research laboratory put it, "fabrication, construction, operation, and maintenance of new reactors will face a steep learning curve: advanced technologies will have a heightened risk of accidents and mistakes. The technology may be proven, but people are not".
Design projects
See also
List of small modular reactor designs
Nuclear reactor
Nuclear material
Nuclear physics
List of reactor types
Generation II reactor
Generation III reactor
Integral Fast Reactor
Liquid fluoride thorium reactor
Breeder reactor
Small modular reactor
List of nuclear reactors
References
External links
Article from Idaho National Laboratory detailing some current efforts at developing Gen. IV reactors.
Generation IV International Forum (GIF)
U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology
Gen IV presentation
Science or Fiction - Is there a Future for Nuclear? (Nov. 2007) - A publication from the Austrian Ecology Institute about 'Generation IV' and Fusion reactors.
"In the wake of a severe plant accident, advanced reactor designs are getting renewed attention."
International Thorium Energy Organisation - www.IThEO.org
International Thorium Energy Committee - iThEC
Nuclear power reactor types
Idaho National Laboratory |
Harris Academy Falconwood (formerly Westwood Secondary School and Westwood College) is a city academy in Falconwood, London, England. The school is a co-ed school and accepts students based on various mental attributes.
History
In September 2008 the school joined the Harris Federation. This Federation was set up by the same Lord Harris of Peckham and has been set up as a coalition of several secondary schools in London and Southeast England. Harris Academy Falconwood is part of the Harris Federation Sixth Form. In 2021, the school was ranked the 6th best performing school in Bexley based on information published by the Department for Education in 2019.
In 2021, the Academy was ranked the sixth best performing school in Bexley based on information published by the Department of Education in 2019. The school was rated "Good" in all areas by Ofsted in 2019.
In 2012, the Academy won a bronze Green Apple Environmental Award. The redevelopment of the Westwood College site saw run-down buildings replaced with sustainable alternatives. Solar panels and ground source heating have generated energy savings while the building is constructed at an angle providing the best levels of natural light. Bexley Council’s cabinet member for education, Councillor John Fuller, accepted the award at the House of Commons on November 12.
In 2013, a number of staff lost their jobs at the school following evidence that BTEC science coursework (GCSE-level) for 69 pupils had been written by Year 12 students.
The Academy has long had a reputation for high staff turnover, with forty staff leaving in 2014 alone.
In 2019 numerous Harris Academies were accused of 'gaming' the system through the practice of entering entire cohorts for the ESOL qualification, which is aimed at students who have English as an additional language (EAL), Harris Falconwood entered the whole of their Year 11 cohort (177 students) despite only having 15 EAL students. This was shown to be common practice across the Federation.
Former pupils at Westwood Secondary School include dance instructor and television presenter Len Goodman, who lived at Blackfen and who was a member of the school cricket team.
In March 2020, academy had to close for the rest of the academic year due to national lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (except for key workers' children).
In September 2020 Terrie Askew retired as Principal, having led the school since 2008. Tom Street, a long-serving employee of the Harris Federation, took up post as Head of Harris Academy Falconwood.
In January 2021, academy had to close again until March due to 2nd national lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic (except for key workers' children).
In March 2021, the government’s National Cyber Security Centre issued an alert about a spike in ransomware attacks affecting schools. Despite the academy's software and systems being fully updated at the time, the Harris Federation’s servers have been attacked. A ransomware attack means that cyber-criminals have accessed Harris Federation’s IT systems and encrypted, or hidden, their contents.
In 2012, the Academy won a bronze Green Apple Environmental Award. The redevelopment of Westwood College site saw run-down buildings replaced with sustainable alternatives. Solar panels and ground source heating have generated energy savings while the building is constructed at an angle providing the best levels of natural light. Bexley Council’s cabinet member for education, Councillor John Fuller, accepted the award at the House of Commons on November 12. He said: “It’s a great credit to the academy and its partners to have the project recognised.”
References
External links
Welling Website
Academies in the London Borough of Bexley
Educational institutions established in 2008
2008 in London
2008 establishments in England
Secondary schools in the London Borough of Bexley
Falconwood |
University Museum is a common shorthand name for a number of University museums and may refer to:
Oxford University Museum of Natural History
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
University Museum and Art Gallery at the University of Hong Kong
University Museum (Harvard University)
University Museum (Southern Illinois University Carbondale) |
Jonathon Orlando (born August 24, 1987) is an American soccer player.
Career
Orlando signed a contract with Carolina RailHawks on April 1, 2016. Orlando scored his first professional goal on June 1 during a U.S. Open Cup match against the Charlotte Independence.
References
1987 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
UDC Firebirds men's soccer players
Fredericksburg FC players
North Carolina FC players
Men's association football midfielders
Soccer players from Washington, D.C.
North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players
Major Arena Soccer League players
Baltimore Blast players
National Premier Soccer League players |
Ekenedirichukwu Ijemba (born May 14, 1991), better known by his stage name Humblesmith, is a Nigerian afropop recording artist who achieved recognition upon the release of his hit single titled "Osinachi" in 2015 which later won a nomination spot at the 2016 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. He first ventured into the entertainment business as an actor, starring in a number of films including Hypertension (2010) with Sam Loco Efe. Currently signed to Show Bobo Music Limited, he made the list of "10 Artists To Watch in 2016" by notJustOk.
Early life
Originally from Uruala, a town in Ideato North local government area of Imo State, southeastern Nigeria, Ekene Ijemba was born on May 14, 1991, into a Catholic family in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. While in secondary school, he started dancing and was part of a group called American Boys before he left Ebonyi State for Asaba City, the capital of Delta State, South-Southern Nigeria in order to pursue a career in music.
Career
2014–2017: Beginnings and rise to fame
Upon arriving in Asaba City, Humblesmith had to take up menial jobs in order to earn a living. He later ventured into entertainment as an actor and appeared in various films including Hypertension with Sam Loco Efe. He returned to Ebonyi State at some point and then back to Delta State again to focus on a career in music. Determined to succeed, he started scouting for shows and performed for free until he was signed by DG Records who were impressed with one of his several performances. In 2012, he left Asaba City for Lagos State where he recorded his debut single "Chairmoo" in 2014. In 2015, he released "Osinachi, a chart-topping single that featured Phyno; and Davido in the remix version. The song earned him a nomination spot in the "Best New Act" category at the 2016 edition of the Nigeria Entertainment Awards and was also nominated in the "Hottest Single" category at the same event. In April 2016, he featured Flavour N'abania in a song titled "Jukwese" which enjoyed rotational airplay around the country. He later announced an Instagram competition tagged the "#JukweseContest" in reference to the song, with a $2,000 prize money for the winner.
2018–present: Release of Osinachi, hiatus, and other singles
Following the success of his singles "Osinachi" and Jukwuese", Humblesmith released his debut album Osinachi, which featured guest vocals from Davido, Patoranking, Phyno, Harrysong, Olamide, and Tiwa Savage. In December 2020, after a brief hiatus, he released a new single, Kosi, loosely translated as "God's will", a song of gratitude to God for his achievements.
Artistry
Humblesmith cites Bright Chimezie as his music influence. He usually sings the afropop genre of music with a little fusion of highlife.
Endorsement deal
In June 2016, Humblesmith signed a 10million dollar Naira endorsement deal with noodles manufacturing company Tummy-Tummy Food Industry.
Discography
Awards and nominations
See also
List of Nigerian musicians
References
1991 births
Living people
People from Imo State
People from Delta State
Igbo highlife musicians
Igbo singers
Nigerian male singer-songwriters
Nigerian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Abakaliki
21st-century Nigerian male singers |
These are the international rankings of Yemen.
Military
Institute for Economics and Peace Global Peace Index ranked 119 out of 144
Politics
Transparency International 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index ranked 176 out of 179
Fund for Peace 2010 Failed States Index ranked 15
Economist Intelligence Unit Shoe-Thrower's index ranked first
Good Country Index 2017, ranked 160 out of 163.
Democracy Index 2020, rank 157 out of 167.
Society
United Nations Development Programme Human Development Index ranked 140 out of 182
Press Freedom Index 2017, ranked 179 out of 198.
Gender Inequality Index 2019, ranking 162 out of 162.
Ease of Doing Business Index by the World Bank in 2020 ranked 187 out of 190.
Human capital index in 2018, rank 145 out of 157.
References
good country index
prensa. Democracy index.
Yemen |
Biryuchek () is a rural locality (a selo) in Semibugrinsky Selsoviet, Kamyzyaksky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia. The population was 552 as of 2010. There are 5 streets.
Geography
Biryuchek is located on the Chyornaya River, 23 km east of Kamyzyak (the district's administrative centre) by road. Razdor is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kamyzyaksky District |
Bellvue is an unincorporated community and U.S. Post Office in Larimer County, Colorado. It is a small agricultural community located in Pleasant Valley, a narrow valley just northwest of Fort Collins near the mouth of the Poudre Canyon between the Dakota Hogback ridge and the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The ZIP Code of the Bellvue Post Office is 80512.
Description
The community is lush area on the south side of the Cache la Poudre River, at the mouth of Rist Canyon, concealed from the open Colorado Piedmont near Fort Collins and LaPorte by the Bellvue Dome, also known as "Goat Hill". The valley formerly stretched southward between the hogback and foothills into the area now inundated by Horsetooth Reservoir. The main agriculture in the valley is cultivation of hay and other crops, as well as cattle and horse ranches. The Colorado Division of Wildlife maintains a large trout hatchery in the valley just north of the Bellvue town site.
History
Paleoindian sites nearby, including a large bison kill site along the Poudre River, indicate human habitation dating back over 10,000 years. In the early 19th century, the area was inhabited by bands of Arapaho, who clashed regularly in small skirmishes with bands of the Ute tribe who inhabited the mountains. Archaeological remains of teepee rings can be found in the surrounding foothills.
The first white settlers arrived in the valley soon after Antoine Janis became the first white settler in northern Colorado in 1858. The farm and pasture lands were squatted upon in the two years that followed, so that most was claimed by G.R. Sanderson, one of these first settlers, who built the first irrigation ditch in the county in June 1860. The ditch was the second one constructed in northern Colorado. Sanderson sold his claim to J.H. Yeager in 1864, and the ditch came to be known as the Yeager ditch.
Another early settler, Samuel Bingham, settled on the west slope of Bingham Hill in 1860. In 1860, Abner Loomis, who was also an early prominent resident of Fort Collins, settled on a ranch in the valley. Other early settlers in the 1860s included Benjamin T. Whedbee, Perry J. Bosworth, C.W. Harrington, and Louis Blackstock.
In 1873, Jacob Flowers arrived in the valley and set up a homestead on a parcel of land he purchased from Joseph Mason. Flowers had migrated westward from Ohio and Missouri after the Civil War and had settled temporarily in Greeley in 1872. The following year, Flowers followed the Poudre upstream and founded the town of "Bellevue" later that year (the name was later shortened).
The area was considered desirable by the Union Pacific Railroad because of the many stone quarries in the area near the town of Stout (now flooded by Horsetooth Reservoir). The influx of railroad workers to work the quarries prompted Flowers to open a general store, saloon, barber shop, and post office. In 1880 he built a one-story sandstone structure to house his business. The Bellvue Post Office opened in the building on June 24, 1884. The building served as the local general store and post office up through the middle 20th century, when it became the meeting house of Cache la Poudre Grange, Chapter 456 of the Colorado State grange, a designation for which it is now commonly known.
Flowers also constructed a track and bandstand south of town that was used for horse racing, community celebrations, traveling medicine shows, and dog and pony shows.
Geography
Bellvue is located at (40.625679,-105.171089).
See also
Outline of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
State of Colorado
Colorado cities and towns
Colorado counties
Larimer County, Colorado
Colorado metropolitan areas
Front Range Urban Corridor
North Central Colorado Urban Area
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area
References
External links
History of Larimer County, Colorado, Ansel Watrous (1911).
Unincorporated communities in Larimer County, Colorado
Unincorporated communities in Colorado |
The Leq'á:mel First Nation, formerly known as Lakahahmen First Nation, is a First Nations band government whose community and offices are located in the area near Deroche, British Columbia in the Fraser Valley region in Canada, about 12 kilometres east of the District of Mission. They are a member government of the Sto:lo Nation Chiefs Council, which is one of two tribal councils of the Sto:lo (though many bands are independent of either).
Although also known as the Sumas before 1962, the Leq’á:mel people are distinct from present-day Sumas. Other previous names include Alternate Nicomen (1911), Nicomen Slough, Somass River, merged with Squeam or Skweahm (post 1924) and changed To Lackahahmen (1962-2003). They were historically affiliated with the Sumas, Scowlitz, Matsqui and Nooksack tribes.
Its governance structure is described as a custom electoral system. The current chief is Alice Thompson who is serving a term running from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2025.
The name "Leq’á:mel" means "the level place where people meet" reflecting how it was described as having been one of the most popular trading stops in Stó:lō territory. The place is also thought to be the birthplace of the Halkomelem dialect Halq’eméylem. Historically, people lived in longhouses on Leq’á:mel land up to one kilometre in length.
Population
The band has an approximate population of 460 as reported by the Government of British Columbia. The 2016 census lists 695 members of the First Nation, a decline of 11% from the 2006 census. Of them, 150 were registered Indian. As of July 2022, 125 registered members live on Leq'á:mel land, 19 live on other reserves and 338 do not live on a reserve.
Two cemeteries are run by the band with dozens of unlabeled graves.
The language of the First Nation is Halq’eméylem. However, it is not a mother tongue for many residents of their reserves. Those knowing the language halved from 2006 to 2016 to 2.2%, with 675 members only knowing English.
Indian Reserves
The Leq'á:mel First Nation currently holds ten reserve lands exclusively that are located in Abbotsford, Chilliwack, Deroche and Nicomen Island. Three reserves are residential areas, two are cemeteries and the rest are either under a certificate of possession to members, leased for agricultural use, or kept for economic development. Indian Reserves under its administration include:
Aylechootlook Indian Reserve No. 5, at the confluence of the Sumas River and Vedder Canal, 18.70 ha.
Holachten Indian Reserve No. 8, on the right (north) bank of Nicomen Slough of the Fraser River, 102.10 ha.
Lackaway Indian Reserve No. 2, on the left (south) bank of the Fraser River at the mouth of Wilson Slough, 15.80 ha.
Lakahahmen Indian Reserve No. 11, on the right (north) bank of Nicomen Slough at the confluence of Deroche Creek and the Fraser River, 38.1 ha. It is the most populated of the reserves. A 2016 census shows a slight decline in the number of residents to 177, 31% of which had North American Aboriginal origins. The mother tongue of 170 individuals was English and of zero to five, French and five to ten, Mohawk.
Lakway Cemetery Indian Reserve No. 3, 9.79 acres on the left (south) bank of the Fraser River, 1/2 mile east of the mouth of Wilson Slough, 4 ha.
Papekwatchin Indian Reserve No. 4, on the south shore of Nicomen Island on the Fraser River, 95.10 ha.
Pekw'Xe:yles (Peckquaylis), on the site of the former St. Mary's Indian Residential School, between downtown Mission and Hatzic, 10.30 ha. Shared between 21 bands.
Skweahm Indian Reserve No. 10, on the left (south) bank of Nicomen Slough, one mile south of Deroche CPR Station, 69.40 ha.
Sumas Cemetery Indian Reserve No. 12, 6.93 acres on the left bank of the Fraser River, near the mouth of the Sumas River on the northern east side of Sumas Mountain, 2.50 ha.
Yaalstrick Indian Reserve No. 1, on Yaalstrick Island in the Fraser River, 2 miles southeast of the Deroche CPR station, 114.90 ha.
Zaitscullachan Indian Reserve No. 9, on the right bank of Zaits-Cullachan Slough of the Fraser River, 22.50 ha.
Three of these reserves are residential, two are cemeteries, and the others are variously under Certificates of Possession by band members, leased out for agriculture, or set aside for economic development.
In 2021, 60 ha of government land adjacent to Fraser River Heritage Park and the Pekw’xe:yles Indian Reserve, the former site of St. Mary's Indian Residential School, was transferred to the Leq’á:mel, Matsqui (Mathexwi) and Sumas (Semá:th) First Nations Society. Not being reserve land, the property remains under provincial and local government laws. Most of it was leased back to the government for use as a park and recreational area. The property also contains pre-contact archaeological sites.
References
Sto:lo governments
First Nations governments in the Lower Mainland |
Said Housni (born 1949) is a Moroccan alpine ski racer who competed in the technical events of giant slalom and slalom at the 1968 Winter Olympics in France. In the giant slalom, Housni finished in 83rd place, and did not advance out of the slalom qualifying round.
Earlier at those Olympics, eighteen-year-old American Karen Budge was testing her wax on a practice course an hour before the women's downhill at Chamrousse, and narrowly avoided a full collision with Housni, who had been warned once before to stay off the hill. She fell, suffered a dislocated shoulder, and did not start.
References
1949 births
Living people
Moroccan male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for Morocco
Alpine skiers at the 1968 Winter Olympics
People from Azrou
20th-century Moroccan people |
Moanda or Muanda is a town and territory lying on the Atlantic Ocean coast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the mouth of the Congo River. It is situated in Kongo Central Province, and has a population of 90,812 as of 2012. The town has an airport and is known for its beaches, and has a few limited tourist facilities, but tourism is incidental to the main economic activities of the town.
The town of Muanda is north-west of the small port of Banana in the mouth of the Congo, and southeast of Point Kipundji. The Moanda Oil Terminal, consisting of various platforms, pipelines and a permanent tanker, lies 10 miles southwest of Point Kipundji. Some 100 km upstream from Muanda, on the north bank of the Congo River, lies the city of Boma, DR Congo's second-largest port. The great width and depth of the Congo River allow seagoing vessels to reach Boma and the largest port, Matadi, despite their distance from the coast.
Climate
The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies Moanda‘s climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw), although it is only marginally wet enough to avoid being classed as a hot semi-arid climate (BSh).
See also
Mangroves National Park
References
External links
Description of Muanda (French) (English Translation)
Populated places in Kongo Central
Communities on the Congo River |
is a multi-purpose stadium in Tendo, Yamagata, Japan. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It serves as a home ground of Montedio Yamagata. The stadium holds 21,292 people and was built in 1991.
References
Yamagata Sports Park website
External links
山形県総合運動公園
Location map
Football venues in Japan
Rugby union stadiums in Japan
Athletics (track and field) venues in Japan
Multi-purpose stadiums in Japan
Sports venues in Yamagata Prefecture
Montedio Yamagata
Tendō, Yamagata
Sports venues completed in 1991
1991 establishments in Japan |
Arrow Rock Festival was a rock festival that took place on a yearly basis since 2003 in the Netherlands. This festival presented mostly classic rock bands. The original location for the festival was Lichtenvoorde; until 2007 when the venue changed to Biddinghuizen. 2008 saw another location change, this time to Goffertpark, Nijmegen . In 2009 the festival was cancelled, because of difficulties with the line-up. In 2010 the festival was cancelled because Aerosmith organised their own event in Goffertpark.
2003
On 27 June 2003 was the first edition of the Arrow Rock Festival. The line-up was:
Deep Purple
Lynyrd Skynyrd
Status Quo
Uriah Heep
L.A. Doors
Wishbone Ash
Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Budgie
Y&T
Thin Lizzy
2004
2004's line-up (after the performances of Anouk & David Bowie were moved to the Amsterdam Arena and White Lion, Herbert Grönemeyer & Porcupine Tree cancelled):
Alice Cooper
Paul Rodgers
Blaze of Glory
Blue Öyster Cult
Brothers in Arms
Caravan
Eric Burdon & The Animals
Fish
G3 feat. Joe Satriani, Steve Vai & Robert Fripp
Golden Earring
Heart
Iron Butterfly
Judas Priest
Montrose
Motörhead
Plaeto
Queensrÿche
Saga
Scorpions
Symphony X
Ten Years After
The Godz
The Quill
UFO
Y&T
Yes
2005
On 11 June the 2005 edition took place, with:
Little River Band
Styx
Kansas
Crosby, Stills & Nash
Meat Loaf
Thunder
Glenn Hughes
Survivor
Lou Gramm
Dream Theater
2006
Pré Party Thursday 8 June:
Rock Palace:
19.00 - 19.50: SQY Rockin' Team
20.10 - 21.10: Clearwater
21.30 - 22.30: Wishbone Ash
23.00 - 00.00: Bintangs
Friday 9 June:
Rock Palace:
14.30 - 15.30: John Waite
16.30 - 17.30: Uriah Heep
18.45 - 19.45: George Thorogood & The Destroyers
21.15 - 22.30: Journey
Rock Garden:
13.30 - 14.30: Blackfoot
15.30 - 16.30: Ted Nugent
17.30 - 18.45: Whitesnake
19.45 - 21.15: Status Quo
22.30 - 00.00: Deep Purple
Saturday 10 June:
Rock Palace:
14.00 - 15.00: Riverside
16.00 - 17.00: Pavlov's Dog
18.00 - 19.00: Dio
20.00 - 21.15: Queensrÿche
Rock Garden:
15.00 - 16.00: Porcupine Tree
17.00 - 18.00: Ray Davies
19.00 - 20.00: Def Leppard
21.15 - 00.15: Roger Waters
Roger Waters gave a 3-hour show with quadraphonic sound. The first half he played songs from Pink Floyd and his solo albums, the second half he performed the complete Pink Floyd album The Dark Side of the Moon.
2007
Friday 30 June:
Rock Garden:
21.15 - 22.45: Aerosmith
19.05 - 20.30: Toto
17.00 - 18.15: Riders On The Storm
15.15 - 16.30: Scorpions
13.30 - 14.30: INXS
Rock Palace:
18.45 - 20.15 The Australian Pink Floyd Show
16.30 - 18.00 Steve Vai
14.30 - 15.45 Thin Lizzy
13.00 - 14.00 Tesla
Open Airrow Rockstage:
17.30 - 19.00 Europe
16.00 - 17.00 Roger Hodgson
14.15 - 15.15 Outlaws
2008
Sunday 15 June Goffertpark, Nijmegen
Rock Garden
20.45 - 22.45 KISS
18.45 - 19.45 Whitesnake
16.45 - 17.45 Def Leppard
14.45 - 15.45 Journey
12.45 - 13.45 REO Speedwagon
Open Airrow Rock Stage
19.45 - 20.45 Motörhead
17.45 - 18.45 Twisted Sister
15.45 - 16.45 Kansas
13.45 - 14.45 Gotthard
3 Doors Down cancelled but was supposed to play open Arrow Rock Stage after Twisted Sister.
References
External links
Official website
Music festivals in the Netherlands
Rock festivals in the Netherlands
Heavy metal festivals in the Netherlands
Festivals established in 2003
2003 establishments in the Netherlands
Music in Dronten
Music in Nijmegen
Music in Oost Gelre |
```php
<?php
/**
* Backpack\CRUD preferences.
*/
return [
/*
|-------------------
| TRANSLATABLE CRUDS
|-------------------
*/
'show_translatable_field_icon' => true,
'translatable_field_icon_position' => 'right', // left or right
'locales' => [
// "af_NA" => "Afrikaans (Namibia)",
// "af_ZA" => "Afrikaans (South Africa)",
// "af" => "Afrikaans",
// "ak_GH" => "Akan (Ghana)",
// "ak" => "Akan",
// "sq_AL" => "Albanian (Albania)",
// "sq" => "Albanian",
// "am_ET" => "Amharic (Ethiopia)",
// "am" => "Amharic",
// "ar_DZ" => "Arabic (Algeria)",
// "ar_BH" => "Arabic (Bahrain)",
// "ar_EG" => "Arabic (Egypt)",
// "ar_IQ" => "Arabic (Iraq)",
// "ar_JO" => "Arabic (Jordan)",
// "ar_KW" => "Arabic (Kuwait)",
// "ar_LB" => "Arabic (Lebanon)",
// "ar_LY" => "Arabic (Libya)",
// "ar_MA" => "Arabic (Morocco)",
// "ar_OM" => "Arabic (Oman)",
// "ar_QA" => "Arabic (Qatar)",
// "ar_SA" => "Arabic (Saudi Arabia)",
// "ar_SD" => "Arabic (Sudan)",
// "ar_SY" => "Arabic (Syria)",
// "ar_TN" => "Arabic (Tunisia)",
// "ar_AE" => "Arabic (United Arab Emirates)",
// "ar_YE" => "Arabic (Yemen)",
// "ar" => "Arabic",
// "hy_AM" => "Armenian (Armenia)",
// "hy" => "Armenian",
// "as_IN" => "Assamese (India)",
// "as" => "Assamese",
// "asa_TZ" => "Asu (Tanzania)",
// "asa" => "Asu",
// "az_Cyrl" => "Azerbaijani (Cyrillic)",
// "az_Cyrl_AZ" => "Azerbaijani (Cyrillic, Azerbaijan)",
// "az_Latn" => "Azerbaijani (Latin)",
// "az_Latn_AZ" => "Azerbaijani (Latin, Azerbaijan)",
// "az" => "Azerbaijani",
// "bm_ML" => "Bambara (Mali)",
// "bm" => "Bambara",
// "eu_ES" => "Basque (Spain)",
// "eu" => "Basque",
// "be_BY" => "Belarusian (Belarus)",
// "be" => "Belarusian",
// "bem_ZM" => "Bemba (Zambia)",
// "bem" => "Bemba",
// "bez_TZ" => "Bena (Tanzania)",
// "bez" => "Bena",
// "bn_BD" => "Bengali (Bangladesh)",
// "bn_IN" => "Bengali (India)",
// "bn" => "Bengali",
// "bs_BA" => "Bosnian (Bosnia and Herzegovina)",
// "bs" => "Bosnian",
// "bg_BG" => "Bulgarian (Bulgaria)",
// "bg" => "Bulgarian",
// "my_MM" => "Burmese (Myanmar [Burma])",
// "my" => "Burmese",
// "ca_ES" => "Catalan (Spain)",
// "ca" => "Catalan",
// "tzm_Latn" => "Central Morocco Tamazight (Latin)",
// "tzm_Latn_MA" => "Central Morocco Tamazight (Latin, Morocco)",
// "tzm" => "Central Morocco Tamazight",
// "chr_US" => "Cherokee (United States)",
// "chr" => "Cherokee",
// "cgg_UG" => "Chiga (Uganda)",
// "cgg" => "Chiga",
// "zh_Hans" => "Chinese (Simplified Han)",
// "zh_Hans_CN" => "Chinese (Simplified Han, China)",
// "zh_Hans_HK" => "Chinese (Simplified Han, Hong Kong SAR China)",
// "zh_Hans_MO" => "Chinese (Simplified Han, Macau SAR China)",
// "zh_Hans_SG" => "Chinese (Simplified Han, Singapore)",
// "zh_Hant" => "Chinese (Traditional Han)",
// "zh_Hant_HK" => "Chinese (Traditional Han, Hong Kong SAR China)",
// "zh_Hant_MO" => "Chinese (Traditional Han, Macau SAR China)",
// "zh_Hant_TW" => "Chinese (Traditional Han, Taiwan)",
// "zh" => "Chinese",
// "kw_GB" => "Cornish (United Kingdom)",
// "kw" => "Cornish",
// "hr_HR" => "Croatian (Croatia)",
// "hr" => "Croatian",
// "cs_CZ" => "Czech (Czech Republic)",
// "cs" => "Czech",
// "da_DK" => "Danish (Denmark)",
// "da" => "Danish",
// "nl_BE" => "Dutch (Belgium)",
// "nl_NL" => "Dutch (Netherlands)",
// "nl" => "Dutch",
// "ebu_KE" => "Embu (Kenya)",
// "ebu" => "Embu",
// "en_AS" => "English (American Samoa)",
// "en_AU" => "English (Australia)",
// "en_BE" => "English (Belgium)",
// "en_BZ" => "English (Belize)",
// "en_BW" => "English (Botswana)",
// "en_CA" => "English (Canada)",
// "en_GU" => "English (Guam)",
// "en_HK" => "English (Hong Kong SAR China)",
// "en_IN" => "English (India)",
// "en_IE" => "English (Ireland)",
// "en_JM" => "English (Jamaica)",
// "en_MT" => "English (Malta)",
// "en_MH" => "English (Marshall Islands)",
// "en_MU" => "English (Mauritius)",
// "en_NA" => "English (Namibia)",
// "en_NZ" => "English (New Zealand)",
// "en_MP" => "English (Northern Mariana Islands)",
// "en_PK" => "English (Pakistan)",
// "en_PH" => "English (Philippines)",
// "en_SG" => "English (Singapore)",
// "en_ZA" => "English (South Africa)",
// "en_TT" => "English (Trinidad and Tobago)",
// "en_UM" => "English (U.S. Minor Outlying Islands)",
// "en_VI" => "English (U.S. Virgin Islands)",
// "en_GB" => "English (United Kingdom)",
// "en_US" => "English (United States)",
// "en_ZW" => "English (Zimbabwe)",
'en' => 'English',
// "eo" => "Esperanto",
// "et_EE" => "Estonian (Estonia)",
// "et" => "Estonian",
// "ee_GH" => "Ewe (Ghana)",
// "ee_TG" => "Ewe (Togo)",
// "ee" => "Ewe",
// "fo_FO" => "Faroese (Faroe Islands)",
// "fo" => "Faroese",
// "fil_PH" => "Filipino (Philippines)",
// "fil" => "Filipino",
// "fi_FI" => "Finnish (Finland)",
// "fi" => "Finnish",
// "fr_BE" => "French (Belgium)",
// "fr_BJ" => "French (Benin)",
// "fr_BF" => "French (Burkina Faso)",
// "fr_BI" => "French (Burundi)",
// "fr_CM" => "French (Cameroon)",
// "fr_CA" => "French (Canada)",
// "fr_CF" => "French (Central African Republic)",
// "fr_TD" => "French (Chad)",
// "fr_KM" => "French (Comoros)",
// "fr_CG" => "French (Congo - Brazzaville)",
// "fr_CD" => "French (Congo - Kinshasa)",
// "fr_CI" => "French (Cte dIvoire)",
// "fr_DJ" => "French (Djibouti)",
// "fr_GQ" => "French (Equatorial Guinea)",
// "fr_FR" => "French (France)",
// "fr_GA" => "French (Gabon)",
// "fr_GP" => "French (Guadeloupe)",
// "fr_GN" => "French (Guinea)",
// "fr_LU" => "French (Luxembourg)",
// "fr_MG" => "French (Madagascar)",
// "fr_ML" => "French (Mali)",
// "fr_MQ" => "French (Martinique)",
// "fr_MC" => "French (Monaco)",
// "fr_NE" => "French (Niger)",
// "fr_RW" => "French (Rwanda)",
// "fr_RE" => "French (Runion)",
// "fr_BL" => "French (Saint Barthlemy)",
// "fr_MF" => "French (Saint Martin)",
// "fr_SN" => "French (Senegal)",
// "fr_CH" => "French (Switzerland)",
// "fr_TG" => "French (Togo)",
'fr' => 'French',
// "ff_SN" => "Fulah (Senegal)",
// "ff" => "Fulah",
// "gl_ES" => "Galician (Spain)",
// "gl" => "Galician",
// "lg_UG" => "Ganda (Uganda)",
// "lg" => "Ganda",
// "ka_GE" => "Georgian (Georgia)",
// "ka" => "Georgian",
// "de_AT" => "German (Austria)",
// "de_BE" => "German (Belgium)",
// "de_DE" => "German (Germany)",
// "de_LI" => "German (Liechtenstein)",
// "de_LU" => "German (Luxembourg)",
// "de_CH" => "German (Switzerland)",
// "de" => "German",
// "el_CY" => "Greek (Cyprus)",
// "el_GR" => "Greek (Greece)",
// "el" => "Greek",
// "gu_IN" => "Gujarati (India)",
// "gu" => "Gujarati",
// "guz_KE" => "Gusii (Kenya)",
// "guz" => "Gusii",
// "ha_Latn" => "Hausa (Latin)",
// "ha_Latn_GH" => "Hausa (Latin, Ghana)",
// "ha_Latn_NE" => "Hausa (Latin, Niger)",
// "ha_Latn_NG" => "Hausa (Latin, Nigeria)",
// "ha" => "Hausa",
// "haw_US" => "Hawaiian (United States)",
// "haw" => "Hawaiian",
// "he_IL" => "Hebrew (Israel)",
// "he" => "Hebrew",
// "hi_IN" => "Hindi (India)",
// "hi" => "Hindi",
// "hu_HU" => "Hungarian (Hungary)",
// "hu" => "Hungarian",
// "is_IS" => "Icelandic (Iceland)",
// "is" => "Icelandic",
// "ig_NG" => "Igbo (Nigeria)",
// "ig" => "Igbo",
// "id_ID" => "Indonesian (Indonesia)",
// "id" => "Indonesian",
// "ga_IE" => "Irish (Ireland)",
// "ga" => "Irish",
// "it_IT" => "Italian (Italy)",
// "it_CH" => "Italian (Switzerland)",
'it' => 'Italian',
// "ja_JP" => "Japanese (Japan)",
// "ja" => "Japanese",
// "kea_CV" => "Kabuverdianu (Cape Verde)",
// "kea" => "Kabuverdianu",
// "kab_DZ" => "Kabyle (Algeria)",
// "kab" => "Kabyle",
// "kl_GL" => "Kalaallisut (Greenland)",
// "kl" => "Kalaallisut",
// "kln_KE" => "Kalenjin (Kenya)",
// "kln" => "Kalenjin",
// "kam_KE" => "Kamba (Kenya)",
// "kam" => "Kamba",
// "kn_IN" => "Kannada (India)",
// "kn" => "Kannada",
// "kk_Cyrl" => "Kazakh (Cyrillic)",
// "kk_Cyrl_KZ" => "Kazakh (Cyrillic, Kazakhstan)",
// "kk" => "Kazakh",
// "km_KH" => "Khmer (Cambodia)",
// "km" => "Khmer",
// "ki_KE" => "Kikuyu (Kenya)",
// "ki" => "Kikuyu",
// "rw_RW" => "Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)",
// "rw" => "Kinyarwanda",
// "kok_IN" => "Konkani (India)",
// "kok" => "Konkani",
// "ko_KR" => "Korean (South Korea)",
// "ko" => "Korean",
// "khq_ML" => "Koyra Chiini (Mali)",
// "khq" => "Koyra Chiini",
// "ses_ML" => "Koyraboro Senni (Mali)",
// "ses" => "Koyraboro Senni",
// "lag_TZ" => "Langi (Tanzania)",
// "lag" => "Langi",
// "lv_LV" => "Latvian (Latvia)",
// "lv" => "Latvian",
// "lt_LT" => "Lithuanian (Lithuania)",
// "lt" => "Lithuanian",
// "luo_KE" => "Luo (Kenya)",
// "luo" => "Luo",
// "luy_KE" => "Luyia (Kenya)",
// "luy" => "Luyia",
// "mk_MK" => "Macedonian (Macedonia)",
// "mk" => "Macedonian",
// "jmc_TZ" => "Machame (Tanzania)",
// "jmc" => "Machame",
// "kde_TZ" => "Makonde (Tanzania)",
// "kde" => "Makonde",
// "mg_MG" => "Malagasy (Madagascar)",
// "mg" => "Malagasy",
// "ms_BN" => "Malay (Brunei)",
// "ms_MY" => "Malay (Malaysia)",
// "ms" => "Malay",
// "ml_IN" => "Malayalam (India)",
// "ml" => "Malayalam",
// "mt_MT" => "Maltese (Malta)",
// "mt" => "Maltese",
// "gv_GB" => "Manx (United Kingdom)",
// "gv" => "Manx",
// "mr_IN" => "Marathi (India)",
// "mr" => "Marathi",
// "mas_KE" => "Masai (Kenya)",
// "mas_TZ" => "Masai (Tanzania)",
// "mas" => "Masai",
// "mer_KE" => "Meru (Kenya)",
// "mer" => "Meru",
// "mfe_MU" => "Morisyen (Mauritius)",
// "mfe" => "Morisyen",
// "naq_NA" => "Nama (Namibia)",
// "naq" => "Nama",
// "ne_IN" => "Nepali (India)",
// "ne_NP" => "Nepali (Nepal)",
// "ne" => "Nepali",
// "nd_ZW" => "North Ndebele (Zimbabwe)",
// "nd" => "North Ndebele",
// "nb_NO" => "Norwegian Bokml (Norway)",
// "nb" => "Norwegian Bokml",
// "nn_NO" => "Norwegian Nynorsk (Norway)",
// "nn" => "Norwegian Nynorsk",
// "nyn_UG" => "Nyankole (Uganda)",
// "nyn" => "Nyankole",
// "or_IN" => "Oriya (India)",
// "or" => "Oriya",
// "om_ET" => "Oromo (Ethiopia)",
// "om_KE" => "Oromo (Kenya)",
// "om" => "Oromo",
// "ps_AF" => "Pashto (Afghanistan)",
// "ps" => "Pashto",
// "fa_AF" => "Persian (Afghanistan)",
// "fa_IR" => "Persian (Iran)",
// "fa" => "Persian",
// "pl_PL" => "Polish (Poland)",
// "pl" => "Polish",
// "pt_BR" => "Portuguese (Brazil)",
// "pt_GW" => "Portuguese (Guinea-Bissau)",
// "pt_MZ" => "Portuguese (Mozambique)",
// "pt_PT" => "Portuguese (Portugal)",
// "pt" => "Portuguese",
// "pa_Arab" => "Punjabi (Arabic)",
// "pa_Arab_PK" => "Punjabi (Arabic, Pakistan)",
// "pa_Guru" => "Punjabi (Gurmukhi)",
// "pa_Guru_IN" => "Punjabi (Gurmukhi, India)",
// "pa" => "Punjabi",
// "ro_MD" => "Romanian (Moldova)",
// "ro_RO" => "Romanian (Romania)",
'ro' => 'Romanian',
// "rm_CH" => "Romansh (Switzerland)",
// "rm" => "Romansh",
// "rof_TZ" => "Rombo (Tanzania)",
// "rof" => "Rombo",
// "ru_MD" => "Russian (Moldova)",
// "ru_RU" => "Russian (Russia)",
// "ru_UA" => "Russian (Ukraine)",
// "ru" => "Russian",
// "rwk_TZ" => "Rwa (Tanzania)",
// "rwk" => "Rwa",
// "saq_KE" => "Samburu (Kenya)",
// "saq" => "Samburu",
// "sg_CF" => "Sango (Central African Republic)",
// "sg" => "Sango",
// "seh_MZ" => "Sena (Mozambique)",
// "seh" => "Sena",
// "sr_Cyrl" => "Serbian (Cyrillic)",
// "sr_Cyrl_BA" => "Serbian (Cyrillic, Bosnia and Herzegovina)",
// "sr_Cyrl_ME" => "Serbian (Cyrillic, Montenegro)",
// "sr_Cyrl_RS" => "Serbian (Cyrillic, Serbia)",
// "sr_Latn" => "Serbian (Latin)",
// "sr_Latn_BA" => "Serbian (Latin, Bosnia and Herzegovina)",
// "sr_Latn_ME" => "Serbian (Latin, Montenegro)",
// "sr_Latn_RS" => "Serbian (Latin, Serbia)",
// "sr" => "Serbian",
// "sn_ZW" => "Shona (Zimbabwe)",
// "sn" => "Shona",
// "ii_CN" => "Sichuan Yi (China)",
// "ii" => "Sichuan Yi",
// "si_LK" => "Sinhala (Sri Lanka)",
// "si" => "Sinhala",
// "sk_SK" => "Slovak (Slovakia)",
// "sk" => "Slovak",
// "sl_SI" => "Slovenian (Slovenia)",
// "sl" => "Slovenian",
// "xog_UG" => "Soga (Uganda)",
// "xog" => "Soga",
// "so_DJ" => "Somali (Djibouti)",
// "so_ET" => "Somali (Ethiopia)",
// "so_KE" => "Somali (Kenya)",
// "so_SO" => "Somali (Somalia)",
// "so" => "Somali",
// "es_AR" => "Spanish (Argentina)",
// "es_BO" => "Spanish (Bolivia)",
// "es_CL" => "Spanish (Chile)",
// "es_CO" => "Spanish (Colombia)",
// "es_CR" => "Spanish (Costa Rica)",
// "es_DO" => "Spanish (Dominican Republic)",
// "es_EC" => "Spanish (Ecuador)",
// "es_SV" => "Spanish (El Salvador)",
// "es_GQ" => "Spanish (Equatorial Guinea)",
// "es_GT" => "Spanish (Guatemala)",
// "es_HN" => "Spanish (Honduras)",
// "es_419" => "Spanish (Latin America)",
// "es_MX" => "Spanish (Mexico)",
// "es_NI" => "Spanish (Nicaragua)",
// "es_PA" => "Spanish (Panama)",
// "es_PY" => "Spanish (Paraguay)",
// "es_PE" => "Spanish (Peru)",
// "es_PR" => "Spanish (Puerto Rico)",
// "es_ES" => "Spanish (Spain)",
// "es_US" => "Spanish (United States)",
// "es_UY" => "Spanish (Uruguay)",
// "es_VE" => "Spanish (Venezuela)",
// "es" => "Spanish",
// "sw_KE" => "Swahili (Kenya)",
// "sw_TZ" => "Swahili (Tanzania)",
// "sw" => "Swahili",
// "sv_FI" => "Swedish (Finland)",
// "sv_SE" => "Swedish (Sweden)",
// "sv" => "Swedish",
// "gsw_CH" => "Swiss German (Switzerland)",
// "gsw" => "Swiss German",
// "shi_Latn" => "Tachelhit (Latin)",
// "shi_Latn_MA" => "Tachelhit (Latin, Morocco)",
// "shi_Tfng" => "Tachelhit (Tifinagh)",
// "shi_Tfng_MA" => "Tachelhit (Tifinagh, Morocco)",
// "shi" => "Tachelhit",
// "dav_KE" => "Taita (Kenya)",
// "dav" => "Taita",
// "ta_IN" => "Tamil (India)",
// "ta_LK" => "Tamil (Sri Lanka)",
// "ta" => "Tamil",
// "te_IN" => "Telugu (India)",
// "te" => "Telugu",
// "teo_KE" => "Teso (Kenya)",
// "teo_UG" => "Teso (Uganda)",
// "teo" => "Teso",
// "th_TH" => "Thai (Thailand)",
// "th" => "Thai",
// "bo_CN" => "Tibetan (China)",
// "bo_IN" => "Tibetan (India)",
// "bo" => "Tibetan",
// "ti_ER" => "Tigrinya (Eritrea)",
// "ti_ET" => "Tigrinya (Ethiopia)",
// "ti" => "Tigrinya",
// "to_TO" => "Tonga (Tonga)",
// "to" => "Tonga",
// "tr_TR" => "Turkish (Turkey)",
// "tr" => "Turkish",
// "uk_UA" => "Ukrainian (Ukraine)",
// "uk" => "Ukrainian",
// "ur_IN" => "Urdu (India)",
// "ur_PK" => "Urdu (Pakistan)",
// "ur" => "Urdu",
// "uz_Arab" => "Uzbek (Arabic)",
// "uz_Arab_AF" => "Uzbek (Arabic, Afghanistan)",
// "uz_Cyrl" => "Uzbek (Cyrillic)",
// "uz_Cyrl_UZ" => "Uzbek (Cyrillic, Uzbekistan)",
// "uz_Latn" => "Uzbek (Latin)",
// "uz_Latn_UZ" => "Uzbek (Latin, Uzbekistan)",
// "uz" => "Uzbek",
// "vi_VN" => "Vietnamese (Vietnam)",
// "vi" => "Vietnamese",
// "vun_TZ" => "Vunjo (Tanzania)",
// "vun" => "Vunjo",
// "cy_GB" => "Welsh (United Kingdom)",
// "cy" => "Welsh",
// "yo_NG" => "Yoruba (Nigeria)",
// "yo" => "Yoruba",
// "zu_ZA" => "Zulu (South Africa)",
// "zu" => "Zulu"
],
'view_namespaces' => [
'buttons' => [
'crud::buttons', // falls back to 'resources/views/vendor/backpack/crud/buttons'
],
'columns' => [
'crud::columns', // falls back to 'resources/views/vendor/backpack/crud/columns'
],
'fields' => [
'crud::fields', // falls back to 'resources/views/vendor/backpack/crud/fields'
],
'filters' => [
'crud::filters', // falls back to 'resources/views/vendor/backpack/crud/filters'
],
],
// the uploaders for the `withFiles` macro
'uploaders' => [
'withFiles' => [
'image' => \Backpack\CRUD\app\Library\Uploaders\SingleBase64Image::class,
'upload' => \Backpack\CRUD\app\Library\Uploaders\SingleFile::class,
'upload_multiple' => \Backpack\CRUD\app\Library\Uploaders\MultipleFiles::class,
],
],
'file_name_generator' => \Backpack\CRUD\app\Library\Uploaders\Support\FileNameGenerator::class,
];
``` |
América Futebol Clube (SP), also known as América de Rio Preto or simply América, is a Brazilian football team based in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo. Founded in 1946, it plays in Campeonato Paulista Segunda Divisão.
It was named after America from Rio de Janeiro, even copying their team badge.
History
On January 28, 1946, at Hotel São Paulo, Antônio Tavares Pereira Lima, an Estrada de Ferro Araraquarense (EFA, Araraquara city Railroad) engineer, Vitor Buongermino and 53 local sportsmen and columnists of two local newspapers (A Folha de Rio Preto and A Notícia) founded the club to rival the city's only team at the time, Bancários. The club was named América Futebol Clube. The other suggested names were Dínamo and Flamengo.
On March 17, 1946, América played its first match. América beat Ferroviária of Araraquara 3–1. América's first goal ever was scored by Quirino. América's starting eleven were Bob, Hugo and Edgar, De Lúcia, Quirino and Miguelzinho, Morgero, Dema, Pereira Lima, Fordinho and Birigui. Nelsinho substituted Pereira Lima during the match.
In 1957, the club won its first title, the Campeonato Paulista Second Level, finishing ahead of São Bento. The club was promoted to the following year's first level.
In 1978, América competed in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A for the first time, finishing in 38th position.
In 1980, the club competed in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A for the second time, finishing in the 32nd position.
In 2006, América won the Copa São Paulo de Juniores, beating Comercial of Ribeirão Preto in the final.
Current squad (selected)
Achievements
State
Campeonato Paulista Série A2:
Winners (3): 1957, 1963, 1999
Torneio José Maria Marín:
Winners: 1987
Torneio Incentivo:
Winners: 1979
Torneio da Fraternidade:
Winners: 1957
Torneio Início:
Winners: 1958
Youth team
Copa São Paulo de Juniores:
Winners (1): 2006
Stadium
América's home stadium is Estádio Benedito Teixeira, usually known as Teixeirão, inaugurated in 1996, with a maximum capacity of 36,426 people.
The club also owns a training ground, named Centro de Treinamento Sami Gorayb, and nicknamed Toca do Rubro (meaning Red's Burrow).
Club colors
América's official club colors are red and white. The club's home kit is composed of a red shirt, white short and red socks.
Anthem
The club's official anthem lyrics was composed by Walter Benfatti and the music's author was Roberto Farath. There is another anthem, created to celebrate the club's 50th anniversary. This anthem lyrics was composed by José Celso Colturato Barbeiro and the music by Edson Crepaldi and Fernando Marques Alves .
Mascot
América's mascot is a red devil, called Diabo.
References
External links
América's official website
Association football clubs established in 1946
Football clubs in São Paulo (state)
1946 establishments in Brazil |
In S v Ndlovu; S v Sibisi (2005), the appellants objected that further to the standard basic explanation provided them of their rights to legal representation, they had not
been informed of the minimum sentences they prospectively faced;
been encouraged to seek legal representation; or
been asked why they declined to seek legal representation.
The court held that it was an essential step that an accused be promptly informed of his rights in regard to legal representation and where the failure to provide that standard basic explanation had the effect of depriving the accused of legal representation, the proceedings would be vitiated by fundamental irregularity.
Furthermore, the court held that in special circumstances, it was essential that an accused be given such information further to the standard basic explanation: namely, information as to the seriousness of the charge and as to the applicable minimum sentence, if that information were reasonably required to enable the accused to make a sufficiently informed decision regarding whether to seek legal representation.
Special circumstances existed, for example, where an accused was tried in the regional magistrate's court for an offense which carried a prospective life imprisonment.
The provision of further information would only be essential to the extent that it was reasonably required to enable the accused to make a sufficiently informed decision on legal representation. It would thus not be essential to inform the accused that he was facing the possibility of a substantial prison sentence if he could reasonably be expected to be aware of it.
Furthermore, even where it was not essential to inform the accused of the prescribed sentence, it remained desirable whenever the charge was a serious one.
An accused must also be afforded a reasonable time within which to obtain legal representation and a reasonable opportunity to make up his mind whether to seek legal representation.
Furthermore, if an accused persists in declining to seek legal representation, the court must ask him why.
A presiding officer should, however, be careful to respect the right of an accused to choose to conduct his own defense.
Notes
S v Ndlovu; S v Sibisi 2005 (2) SACR 645 (W)
(2006) 99 Servamus 72
South African case law
2005 in South African case law |
The Hong Kong version of 1 vs. 100, called 以一敵百 (lit. "to oppose 100 people by 1 person"), was produced by Asia Television and it is the first Chinese language version of the show. It was first broadcast as a 1-hour special on September 24, 2006 where the contestants were winners of at least HK$30,000 on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, then it was aired every weeknight between September 25, 2006 and December 15, 2006. It was hosted by lyricist Wyman Wong (黃偉文).
Gameplay
The format of the show is based on the original Dutch version, Eén tegen 100. At the beginning, The One (阿一) is randomly selected from a group of 101 players and the other 100 people will become The Hundred (阿百).
Before each question is shown, the category of the question is revealed first, and the One can choose between two difficulty levels, Normal (一般) and Difficult (困難). After the question and the three options are shown, The Hundred is given 6 seconds to lock in their answer, then The One is given the opportunity to answer the question. If The One is correct, all opponents that got the question wrong are eliminated. The prize gained in The One's bank is based on the following formula:
Where means integer part.
There is a ×2 doubler for The One which doubles the prize gained on a question. After The One has gained some money, three "escapes", 25, 50 and 75, which allows The One not to answer the question, can also be used in order. The opponents who got that wrong are still eliminated, but The One earns nothing on that question. Instead, 25%, 50% and 75% of the amount in The One's bank is deducted respectively. The One is not allowed to bail out at any point of the game.
If The One has eliminated all of The Hundred, The One wins the amount in the bank. If The One is incorrect, he or she is out of the game and loses the prize in the bank. But unlike other versions, a consolation prize is awarded, which depends on the number of opponents eliminated without using escapes:
When The One has completed the game successfully, the next One is chosen from all of The Hundred. If The One failed, the next One is chosen from those who got the last question right. If there are no survivors, one of all 100 opponents plays next.
The biggest possible winnings for The One is HK$1,237,431 (about US$159,000), which can be reached when The One answers 100 questions correctly, eliminates only 1 opponent on each question without using any escapes and uses the doubler on the last question. However, the biggest winnings record of the show is HK$603,933 (about US$77,800) only, which is less than half of that amount.
List of winners
Throughout the series, 11 people had eliminated all mob members, 9 of them are listed as follows:
Scheduling and ratings
Episode viewing figures from CSM Media Research.
See also
Deal or No Deal (Hong Kong), a game show produced by ATV's competitor TVB in the same year
References
External links
Official site (via Internet archive)
1 vs. 100
Asia Television original programming
Asia Television
Chinese game shows
2006 Hong Kong television series debuts
2006 Hong Kong television series endings |
Susan Skilliter (1930–1985) was a British academic, a lecturer in Turkish Studies at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Newnham College. She left her library to the College with a bequest which enabled the foundation of the Skilliter Centre for Ottoman Studies.
Life
Susan Skilliter took a degree in Oriental Studies (Arabic and Persian) at Newnham College, Cambridge. In 1962 she was appointed to a lecturership in Turkish at the University of Manchester. She returned to Cambridge to take up a university lecturership in Turkish and a fellowship at her alma mater in 1964. She published on William Harborne and trade relations between England and the Ottomans in the Elizabethan era, and became a noted authority on the subject. She died on 16 September 1985 at the age of 54, and left her library and a significant bequest to Newnham College.
References
1930 births
1985 deaths
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Academics of the University of Cambridge
British women academics |
Wallia, Walha or Vallia (Spanish: Walia, Portuguese Vália), ( 385 – 418) was king of the Visigoths from 415 to 418, earning a reputation as a great warrior and prudent ruler. He was elected to the throne after Athaulf and Sigeric were both assassinated in 415. One of Wallia's most notable achievements was negotiating a foedus (a kind of treaty or agreement) with the Roman emperor Honorius in 416. This agreement allowed the Visigoths to settle in Aquitania, a region in modern-day France, in exchange for military service to Rome. This settlement marked a significant step towards the eventual establishment of a Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. He was succeeded by Theodoric I.
Biography
Political intrigue preceded Wallia's ascension to power, for his Visigothic predecessor Athaulf—who married Galla Placidia in 414—was murdered by his followers who believed him to be a puppet to Roman interests. Athaulf's successor and brother, Sigeric, ignored the Visigothic rights of procedure to military leadership and seemed to likewise acquiesce to the Romans; such perceptions among his people quickly led to his death in turn just seven-days after assuming power. Wallia was chosen to replace Sigeric in 415, since the Visigoths were convinced he would end any peace negotiations with Rome undertaken by his forerunners. At the time, the Goths' main antagonist was Constantius, the magister militum of emperor Honorius.
Like his predecessor Alaric, Wallia attempted to take his Gothic forces to northern Africa but ultimately "foundered in the Sea of Gibraltar", a failure that precipitated his suing for peace. Subsequently, Wallia accepted a treaty offered by Honorius with the Roman Empire. Christian historian and theologian, Orosius, reported that the terms of the agreements made in 416 and 418 were very favorable for the Romans, including the return of Honorius' sister Galla Placidia to him. Whatever advantages won by Wallia in acquiring food for his forces via treaty with Rome, it was Constantius who exploited the situation by securing the return of emperor's sister, a move historian Michael Kulikowski termed, a route "into the imperial family".
Now operating in Roman service as foederati, Wallia and his Goths marched against the Alans and Vandals in both Baetica and Lusitania with "dramatic success". These exploits against the Asding Vandals and Alans were at the behest of Constantius. Between 417 and into 418, Wallia's Goths inflicted considerable defeats upon the Vandals and the Alans alike; even killing the Alan ruler, Addax. To this end, Roman writer and clergyman Hydatius recorded how Wallia, king of the Goths "in the name of Rome...inflicted a vast slaughter upon the barbarians in Spain". For whatever reason, Constantius recalled Wallia’s Goths—historian Randers-Pehrson suggests that the magister militum was alarmed and fearful of their success—and then "settled them in southern Gaul." Nonetheless, Wallia's Gothic federates were "assigned" the Garonne valley from "Toulouse to Bordeaux" and the coastal strip along the Atlantic from Les Landes at the foot of the Pyrenees mountains "to the Loire in the north". Despite his success, Wallia died before he was able to leave Spain.
Wallia's daughter was the mother of Ricimer and the mother-in-law of Gundowech, King of the Burgundians.
Wallia is sometimes assumed to have been the historical model for the legendary figure of Walter of Aquitaine.
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Edward Gibbon, History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, chapter 31
418 deaths
Balt dynasty
Gothic warriors
5th-century Visigothic monarchs
Year of birth unknown |
IAMI may stand for:
Indian Association for Medical Informatics
Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company
I Am I (band) |
Tropic is a town in Garfield County, Utah, United States, along Utah Scenic Byway 12. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 530. Tropic was founded in 1891.
Geography
Tropic is in southern Garfield County along Utah Route 12, southeast of Bryce Canyon City and north of Cannonville. It is in the Tropic Valley, drained by the Paria River, a tributary of the Colorado River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.26%, are water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 508 people in the town, organized into 160 households and 132 families. The population density was 60.6 people per square mile (23.4/km2). There were 206 housing units at an average density of 24.6 per square mile (9.5/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.06% White, 0.39% Native American, 1.38% from other races, and 2.17% from two or more races. There were no African Americans, Asians, or Pacific Islanders. 2.36% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 160 households, out of which 41.9% had children under 18 living with them, 73.8% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.9% were non-families. 13.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone who was 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 3.18, and the average family size was 3.52.
The town's population was spread out, with 34.6% under 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $42,500, and the median income for a family was $44,125. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $22,222 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,896. 2.1% of the population and 3.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 1.0% of those under 18 and 10.0% of those 65 and older lived below the poverty line.
Notable people
Wanda Day, drummer of the rock band 4 Non Blondes. Day died on July 10, 1997, at age 36 and is buried in the Tropic cemetery.
See also
List of cities and towns in Utah
References
External links
Town of Tropic official website
Populated places established in 1891
Towns in Garfield County, Utah
Towns in Utah
1891 establishments in Utah Territory |
Sunny 16 is the second of a three-EP series by Ben Folds. The EP includes one cover track, "Songs Of Love" (written and performed originally by Neil Hannon's The Divine Comedy on the 1996 album Casanova). The song "Rock Star" was co-written by his wife at that time, Frally Hynes-Folds.
Hidden tracks
The last two tracks both contain hidden tracks of sorts, although they are really just a snippet of one of the track layers of the song on which the tracks are hidden. In "Rock Star", it is the song's closing vocal overlays, and in "Songs of Love" is the string quartet's part.
Comments from Ben Folds
Regarding the contents of the EP, Folds said the following: "If I was starting over again and had to make a demo tape, I'd use this EP. It represents a big part of what I do very naturally. Part of me thinks I'm an idiot for 'wasting' this recording on a limited release EP, but I'm really into this method of recording and releasing quickly and making it all about music, so here it is."
Track listing
References
General references
^ Suddath, Clair, "Ben Folds Is Not Cooler Than You," pg 41, Nashville Scene, November 2, 2006.
2003 EPs
Ben Folds EPs |
Lingshu Jing (), also known as Divine Pivot, Spiritual Pivot, or Numinous Pivot, is an ancient Chinese medical text whose earliest version was probably compiled in the 1st century BCE on the basis of earlier texts. It is one of two parts of a larger medical work known as the Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Huangdi or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon). The other section, which is more commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is known as the Suwen ("Basic Questions").
History
No version of the Lingshu prior to the 12th century has survived. Most scholars presume that the original title of the Lingshu was either Zhenjing ( "Classic of Acupuncture" or "Needling Canon") or Jiujuan ( "Nine Fascicles"). They base this conclusion on the following evidence:
The Huangdi neijing was listed as a book in 18 juan ("fascicles") in the bibliographical chapter ("Yiwenzhi" ) of Ban Gu's Book of Han (Hanshu ). That chapter was itself based on the Qilue ( "Seven Summaries"), a bibliography that Liu Xiang (79-8 BCE) and his son Liu Xin (ca. 46 BCE-AD 23) compiled on the basis of a survey they began in 26 BCE.
Zhang Zhongjing's preface to his Shanghan zabing lun ( "Treatise on Cold Injury and Miscellaneous Illnesses", written before 220 CE) mentions that he compiled his work on the basis of books that included the Suwen and the Jiujuan ( "Nine fascicles"). In turn, the passages that Huangfu Mi (215-282) attributed to the Jiujuan in his AB Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Zhenjiu jiayi jing ) all have equivalents in the received edition of the Lingshu.
In the preface to his AB Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Huangfu Mi claimed that the book listed as Huangdi neijing in the "Qilue yiwenzhi" was composed of two different parts: the Suwen ("Basic Questions") and the Zhenjing ("Needling Canon"), each in 9 juan, for a total of 18 juan.
In the preface to Wang Bing's 762 edition of the Suwen (762 CE), where he identified Lingshu as the second of the two texts that comprised the Huangdi neijing in his time. This was the first instance of the title Lingshu.
Various titles similar to Zhenjing and Lingshu appeared in the bibliographies of the Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tangshu ) and the New Book of Tang (Xin Tangshu ), suggesting that many different manuscript editions of a similar book were circulating in Tang times. The titles as seen in the Old Book of Tang were: Huangdi zhenjing ( "Yellow Emperor's Canon of Acupuncture") (in 9 juan), Huangdi zhenjiu jing ( "Yellow Emperor's Canon of Acupuncture and Moxibustion") (12 juan), Huangdi jiuling jing ( "Yellow Emperor's Nine-Spirit Canon"), and Yugui zhenjing ( "Canon of Acupuncture of the Golden Casket") (12 juan).
Early in the 11th century, the Huangdi zhenjing ("Yellow Emperor's Canon of Acupuncture") was among the medical books the Goryeo court imported from Song China.
In 1067, the editors of the Suwen admitted that "since the Lingshu is no longer complete, we can no longer be sure" whether what Wang Bing called "Lingshu" always referred to the Zhenjing.
In 1091, the Song court requested a copy of the Zhenjing from Goryeo, which delivered the book in 1093.
In 1155, a scholar called Shi Song , "regretting that Lingshu has long been out of circulation," presented his 24-juan edition of that book to the imperial court. His recension claimed to be based on a copy kept in his family, which he compared with fragments cited in other works. His renaming of the "Zhenjing" to "Lingshu" followed Wang Bing.
Editions
All current editions of the Lingshu are based on Shi Song's edition from 1155. The earliest extant edition was made in 1339 and 1340, under the Yuan dynasty, by a publishing house called the Gulin shutang . One copy of this edition is still preserved at the National Library of China (Guojia tushuguan ) in Beijing. The Gulin shutang edition was the earliest known joint edition of Lingshu and Suwen.
Historical significance
Many practitioners through the ages have believed that the name "Lingshu" reflected the complex esoteric nature of the writings. It has been suggested that only someone of sufficient spiritual advancement (i.e. "Ling") could fully understand its true messages.
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
Full text of the Lingshu Jing
Chinese classic texts
History of ancient medicine
Medical manuals
Chinese medical texts |
Heek is a municipality in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, approx. 20 km south-east of Enschede. Heek consists of two villages, Heek and Nienborg.
Sights
The municipality has various sights to offer:
Nienborg Castle
Saint Ludgerus Church in Heek. In 1256, this catholic church was mentioned in a document for the first time. It was enlarged several times. The church houses various masterpieces of art, e.g. a baroque pulpit dating from 1755 and a medieval tabernacle from 1520.
In the middle of Heek, Eppingscher Hof, a historic farm house dating from 1857, was transformed into a cultural center in 1990.
References
Borken (district) |
The 2020–21 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team represented Michigan State University in the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Spartans were led by 26th-year head coach Tom Izzo and played their home games at Breslin Center in East Lansing, Michigan as members of the Big Ten Conference.
The Spartans finished the regular season 15–13, 9–11 in Big Ten play to finish in a tie for eighth place. The 9–11 finish marked the first time the Spartans had finished with a record under .500 in conference play under Izzo. As the No. 9 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they lost to No. 8-seeded Maryland marking the first time the Spartans did not play in the quarterfinals of the Big Ten tournament in the tournament's history. The Spartans received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the No. 11 seed in the East region. The selection marked the school's 23rd straight tournament appearance. In their First Four matchup, they were defeated by UCLA.
With Duke failing to make the NCAA tournament, Izzo took over the streak for the longest consecutive appearances in the tournament by a coach with 23.
Previous season
The Spartans finished the 2019–20 season 22–9, 14–6 in Big Ten play to earn a share of their third straight Big Ten regular season championship. Their season ended following the cancellation of postseason tournaments due to the coronavirus pandemic. MSU was led by Cassius Winston who averaged 18.6 points and 5.9 assists per game and Xavier Tillman who averaged 13.7 points and 10.3 rebounds per game.
COVID-19 issues
On November 9, it was announced that Tom Izzo had tested positive for COVID-19 and would quarantine for 14 days. Izzo returned to the team on November 23.
On January 13, 2021, the school announced that Izzo's son, walk-on Stephen Izzo had tested positive for the virus. Freshman center Mady Sissoko also tested positive for the virus. Both players would be required to quarantine and sit out for 17 days. That same day, a third player tested positive for Michigan State leading to the postponement of the Iowa game on January 14. The next day the school postponed its January 17 game against Indiana. On January 18, the school announced that three more members of the MSU program, including walk-on Davis Smith, had tested positive the day before and that the game against Illinois on January 23 would also be postponed.
Shortly before returning to play on January 28, the school announced that Gabe Brown and assistant coach Dane Fife had tested positive and would miss further time due to COVID-19 protocols.
Offseason
Departures
MSU lost consensus All-American point guard and all-time Big Ten leader in assists, Cassius Winston to graduation. Winston scored 1,969 points and dished out 890 assists in his four-year career at MSU. Winston was picked with the 53rd overall pick in the NBA draft by the Oklahoma City Thunder. He was then traded to the Washington Wizards.
Reserve guard Kyle Ahrens and forward Conner George also graduated from MSU.
Junior forward Xavier Tillman announced on March 24, 2020, that he would explore the NBA draft process, but would not sign with an agent, leaving the possibility he could return to play in the 2020–21 season. On August 2, Tillman announced he would stay in the NBA draft, thereby ending his collegiate career. Tillman was selected with the 35th overall pick in the NBA draft by the Sacramento Kings. He was then traded to the Memphis Grizzlies.
Sophomore guard Aaron Henry announced he would enter the NBA draft as well, but would also leave open the ability to return to school. Also on August 2, Henry announced he was withdrawing from the NBA draft and would return to Michigan State.
Walk-on red-shirt junior center Braden Burke entered his name in the transfer portal on April 10 and announced he was transferring to Central Michigan on April 25.
Recruiting classes
2020 recruiting class
On April 2, 2019, days after the Spartans advanced to the Final Four, four-start point guard Jalen Terry announced he would sign to play with the Spartans in 2020. However, on October 15, Terry announced he would reopen his recruiting and decommitted from MSU. On September 9, four-star center Mady Sissoko committed to MSU. On October 6, four-star point guard A. J. Hoggard announced he intended to play with MSU in 2020.
Incoming transfers
On May 28, 2019, Marquette forward Joey Hauser announced he would transfer to MSU. Due to NCAA transfer rules, Hauser had to sit out the 2019–20 season, but will have at least two years of eligibility left beginning in the 2020–21 season.
Early offseason rankings
In April 2020, most early pollsters listed Michigan State as a preseason top-15 team for the 2020–21 season. These included ESPN (No. 8), Sports Illustrated (No. 11), Yahoo! Sports (No. 13), USA Today (No. 19), NBC Sports (No. 5), and CBS Sports (No. 12).
Preseason
Preseason rankings
MSU was ranked No. 13 in the preseason AP Poll. The Spartans were ranked 12th in the preseason Coaches Poll.
Preseason Big Ten polls
Aaron Henry was the lone Spartan representative on the preseason Big Ten poll chosen by a panel of conference media members.
CBS Sports picked MSU to finish fourth in the conference.
Prior to the start of the season, unofficial awards and a poll were chosen by a panel of 28 writers, two for each team in the conference. Michigan State was picked to finish in fourth.
Injuries
On November 9, 2020, Tom Izzo announced that freshman AJ Hoggard underwent knee surgery, but was not expected to miss any games.
Regular season
Non-conference games
Eastern Michigan
MSU began their 2020–21 season on November 25 at home in front of no fans at the Breslin Center against Eastern Michigan. Foster Loyer got the start for the Spartans and scored a career-high 20 points on six three-pointers. The Eagles kept it close throughout the first half, but the Spartans pulled away for a 16-point advantage at half time. The Eagles never threatened again, as MSU held on for the 83–67 win. Joey Hauser scored 15 points and grabbed nine rebounds. Joshua Langford, in his first gameplay in almost two years, added 10 points on two of seven shooting from three. The win gave the Spartans a 1–0 record to begin the season.
Notre Dame
Two days after Thanksgiving, MSU welcomed Notre Dame to Breslin. In a similar story to the EMU game, Notre Dame kept the game close before MSU closed the first half on a 17–0 run to take a 13-point halftime lead. MSU kept up the strong defense in the second half, scoring the first nine points in the half to push the lead to 22 points over the Fighting Irish. Aaron Henry led the Spartans with 14 points and added three assists. Joey Hauser notched 16 rebounds and 10 points as MSU pushed the lead to nearly 30 before relaxing and substituting heavily. Rocket Watts also played well, scoring 13 points and handing out a game-high six assists as the Spartans won 80–70. The win pushed MSU to 2–0 on the young season.
Duke
As part of the re-worked Champions Classic, MSU traveled to Duke to face the Blue Devils on December 1. Once again, MSU trailed early falling behind by 10 points in the first 10 minutes. However, the Spartans again turned up the defensive pressure and the offense came alive, led by Julius Marble who scored a career-high 12 points in 12 minutes of action. The Spartans went to the half leading by four and pushed the lead to as many as 16 in the second half as Aaron Henry scored 14 points and notched five assists while Rocket Watts scored 20. Malik Hall and Joey Hauser each had a double-double as the Spartans won easily 75–69. The win marked MSU's first-ever victory at Cameron Indoor Stadium and was only the third time an Izzo-led squad defeated Duke. The win moved MSU to 3–0 on the season.
Detroit Mercy
The Spartans returned home to play Detroit Mercy for the first time since 1997 on December 4. Despite being a heavy favorite, the Spartans could never pull away from the Titans and the game was tied at 35 at the half. Rocket Watts took over in the second half, scoring a team-high 23, many of which came late in the game as the Spartans were able to hold off Detroit Mercy for the 83–76 win. Gabe Brown started in the place of Josh Langford who sat out the game due to a sore knee which Tom Izzo said was a mere precaution. Brown scored 16 points while Aaron Henry added 12 points. The win moved MSU to 4–0 on the season.
Western Michigan
Two days later, Western Michigan came to Breslin for their Second game of the season after spending a week off due to COVID-19 cancellations. The Broncos also gave the Spartans hard time, keeping the game within 10 points until less than 10 minutes remained. Joey Hauser notched a career-high 24 points on six of 10 shooting from three. Gabe Brown again got the start, this time starting in place of Aaron Henry who had arrived late to a film session earlier. The Spartans were finally able to take control of the game in the final 10 minutes, winning by 18, 79–61. The win moved the Spartans to 5–0 on the season.
Oakland
After traveling to Virginia for a game that was postponed the night before it was scheduled to take place, the Spartans returned home without playing a game. On December 13, the No. 4-ranked Spartans returned to play against Oakland whom the Spartans were 18–0 all-time against. The Spartans started well, taking an early lead, but could not put much distance between themselves and the Golden Grizzlies. MSU led by only four at the half and struggled defensively throughout, eventually allowing Oakland to score 91 points. MSU did pull away early in the second half with a 13–0 run and outscored Oakland by 14 in the half. Led by Gabe Brown's career-high 20 points, Aaron Henry added 15 points while seven Spartans scored in double figures. The 109–91 win moved MSU to 6–0 on the season.
Conference games
Northwestern
After a week off for finals, the Spartans opened Big Ten play with a trip to Northwestern. MSU, as it had done the majority of the season, quickly fell behind to the Wildcats. Having last lost to Northwestern in 2012, the Spartans trailed by 13 at the half. MSU's defense struggled mightily, allowing Northwestern to shoot 52.9% from the field and 47.6% from three. Meanwhile, the Spartan offense was even worse. MSU made only eight of 31 three-point attempts and shot under 39% from the field in the game. Northwestern pushed their lead to as many as 21 in the second half and answered every push MSU made, keeping MSU trailing by double digits through most of the second half. Aaron Henry led the Spartans with 11 points while Gabe Brown added 10. However, Rocket Watts and Joey Hauser could only manage five points each. As a result, MSU lost 79–65, marking their first loss on the season and dropping them to 6–1 and 0–1 in conference play. Tom Izzo commented, "That was one of the more inept performances of my 26 years."
Wisconsin
After dropping to No. 12 in the polls, the Spartans returned home to faced No. 9-ranked Wisconsin. The game stayed close throughout the first half as both offenses played well, scoring 42 points each in the first half. In the second half, the Spartans took a nine-point lead and looked to pull away, but the Badgers quickly rallied. MSU made eight of 11 three-pointers in the game including three for Joey Hauser, but their defense continued to struggle. MSU allowed the Badgers to shoot over 50% from the field as Wisconsin retook the lead and pulled away for a nine-point victory, 85–76. Hauser scored 27 points for MSU while Henry scored 12, but no other Spartan managed more than eight points in the second straight loss. The loss moved the Spartans to 6–2 on the season and 0–2 in conference play.
Minnesota
The Spartans went on the road to face No. 21-ranked Minnesota on December 28. Minnesota took an early lead and did not look back, blowing out the Spartans 81–56. MSU struggled mightily on offense, managing only 16 points in the first half and shooting 25% from the field in the game. Aaron Henry did not start the game because Tom Izzo chose to start Josh Langford after Rocket Watts asked Izzo to not play point guard. Henry did lead the Spartans in scoring with 11 points while no other Spartans scored in double figures. Joey Hauser, coming off a career-high 27 points against Wisconsin, managed only six points on 1–8 shooting. The loss dropped the Spartans to 6–3 overall and 0–3 in Big ten play for the first time since 2002. The win was the largest margin of victory for Minnesota over MSU ever.
Nebraska
The Spartans next traveled to Nebraska on January 2. The Spartans offense recovered well with AJ Hoggard making his first career start and Rocket Watts coming off the bench. The Spartans scored 40 points in the first half against the Cornhuskers, but could not put them away, allowing Nebraska to shoot 49% from the field. The Spartans took a lead as big as 18 in the second half, but Nebraska prevented the Spartans from turning the game into a rout. Aaron Henry scored a career-high 27 points for MSU while Joshua Langford added 15 and Gabe Brown scored 10. Joey Hauser struggled, scoring only five points in 20 minutes while Watts scored nine in just 15 minutes. Watts was in the game late as the point guard to protect the lead. The Spartans pulled out a narrow 84–77 win to notch their first Big Ten win on the season. They moved to 7–3 overall with the win.
Rutgers
The Spartans, having dropped to a No. 23 ranking, returned home to face No. 15 Rutgers. MSU jumped out to an early 11–4 lead and led throughout. Aaron Henry again led the Spartans in scoring with 20 points, but MSU only led by six at the half. However, MSU's defense stifled the Scarlet Knights holding them to 30.5% shooting in the game and 25% from three. Joshua Langford and Rocket Watts added 11 points each as MSU blew out Rutgers 68–45. The Knights shot an abysmal six of 17 from the free throw line while the Spartans made 16 of 19 from the line. Joey Hauser added nine points and 14 rebounds as MSU outrebounded the Knights by 20. The win moved MSU to 8–3 on the season and 2–3 in conference play.
Purdue
The Spartans next faced Purdue on January 8. MSU started well despite being much smaller than Purdue's frontline players, Tom Izzo played Julius Marble, Maddy Sissoko, and Marcus Bingham significant minutes in the first half. MSU's big men limited Purdue's offensive punch in the half as the Spartans limited the Boilermakers to 26% shooting in the first half while the Spartans shot over 52% from the field. As a result, the Spartans led by 15 at the half. In what looked like would be an easy win, Izzo confusingly did not play Marble, Sissoko, or Bingham in the second half while Purdue's big man Trevion Williams ended with 26 points, 22 of them in the second half. MSU still held on to the lead with less than a minute remaining, but missed free throws by Aaron Henry, AJ Hoggard, and Rocket Watts left the door open for Williams who sank the go-ahead shot with 4.5 seconds left. Henry's rush down the court and ensuing shot rimmed off as MSU lost 55–54. The loss, after leading by as many as 17 was "[o]ne of the more disappointing losses" according to Izzo. The loss dropped MSU to 2–4 in conference and 8–4 overall and resulted in the Spartans falling from the rankings.
Rutgers
Twenty days later, following a two-week pause and the postponement of three games due to COVID-19 issues within the MSU program, the Spartans finally returned to the Court with a visit to Rutgers. After only being able to practice a few days together, the Spartans fell behind early to Rutgers 15–0. MSU rallied to pull with three at 22–19, but the Knights held a 26–20 lead at the half. MSU fell apart in the second half, managing to score only 17 points while surrendering 41 points by Rutgers as the Spartans were blown out 67–37. No Spartan scored in double figures. Aaron Henry scored seven on three of 10 shooting as the Spartans shot 28.6% from the field and 20% from three. The game marked the first time MSU had lost to Rutgers ever. The loss dropped MSU to 2–5 in conference and 8–5 overall. Gabe Brown did not play in the game as he had recently tested positive for COVID-19. Assistant coach Dane Fife also tested positive and missed the game.
Ohio State
With their chances at making the NCAA tournament dwindling, MSU traveled to face No. 13 Ohio State on January 31. MSU again struggled defensively, allowing the Buckeyes to shoot over 45% from the field. And, once again, MSU struggled offensively, shooting just 20% from three and 32% from the field. Despite a decent first half performance, they still trailed by 12 at the half. Joshua Langford led the Spartans with 14 points while Joey Hauser added 11. MSU was simply overwhelmed by OSU and lost 79–62 further putting at risk their 22-game NCAA tournament streak. The loss left MSU at 8–6 overall and 2–6 in conference play.
Iowa
Nearing desperation as the Spartans' chances for the NCAA tournament continued to weaken, MSU traveled to face No. 8-ranked Iowa on February 2. MSU jumped out to an early lead, leading by as many as 12 in the first half and hitting their first six three-pointers. Foster Loyer got the start at point guard for the Spartans and Aaron Henry paced the Spartans, scoring 24 points. Iowa, with National Player of the Year candidate Luka Garza, rebounded to take the lead later in the first half. MSU trailed by five at halftime despite playing their best basketball in some time. The Hawkeyes looked to run away with the game in the second half, leading by 12 on several occasions before MSU tied it at 62. MSU again trailed 78–70 with about two minutes left in the game, but the Spartans scored eight of the next nine points to narrow the lead to two with less than 30 seconds remaining. However, Joshua Langford missed a mid-range shot on the next possession and Iowa iced the game with free throws. The 84–78 loss showed that the Spartans had not given up on the season. Tom Izzo was unhappy with officiating as the Hawkeyes shot 35 free throws to MSU's 15. The loss dropped the Spartans to 8–7 overall and 2–7 in Big Ten play, their worst start in conference since 1970.
Nebraska
MSU returned home to face Nebraska who was coming off a pause due to COVID-19 on February 6. MSU started well, taking the lead in the first half and building a 12-point lead at the half. The Spartans limited Nebraska to 25% from the field in the first half while MSU shot 44%. Joshua Langford led the Spartans with 18 points while shooting four of six from three. MSU could not put the Cornhuskers away in the second half, never stretching the lead to double figures for more than a few minutes. MSU held on for their first win since January 5, winning 66–56. Aaron Henry added 16 points, but no other Spartan scored in double figures. Gabe Brown returned after missing three games after testing positive for COVID-19. Joey Hauser continued his poor play, fouling out with zero points in 14 minutes of action. The win moved MSU to 9–7 overall and 3–7 in Big Ten play. Thomas Kithier left the game in the first half after not feeling well and was to be tested after the game. Tom Izzo said later that he repeatedly tested negative for COVID-19 in the ensuing days.
Penn State
Three days later, MSU took on Penn State at Breslin Center. The Spartans played well in the first half, limiting Penn State to 32% shooting including only one of 10 three pointers. MSU made three of six threes in the first half while shooting just under 45% and taking an eight-point lead at the half. Penn State shot a bit better in the second half, making 30% of their threes and 37% from the floor, but MSU struggled, shooting less than 40% from the field and making only one of nine three-pointers. As a result, Penn State narrowed the lead and even took the lead with less than four minutes remaining in the game. However, PSU failed to make a basket from the field in the final 4:29 and Joey Hauser and Marcus Bingham hit free throws down the stretch to give MSU the 60–58 lead with 1:14 remaining, PSU missed three three-pointers on their next three possessions as MSU held on for the 60–58 win. The win moved the Spartans to 10–7 and 4–7 on the season. Aaron Henry led the Spartans with 20 points while Malik Hall added 10 points.
Iowa
No. 15 Iowa next visited MSU on February 13. MSU trailed from the outset as Iowa shot over 50% from three, but the Spartans were able to limit Luka Garza to only eight points in the game. However, that was not the recipe for success as the Spartans were blown out 88–58 resulting in the school's worst home loss under Tom Izzo. The loss further lessened the Spartans already unlikely chances of qualifying for the NCAA tournament. Gabe Brown led MSU with 15 points while Aaron Henry added 13. MSU shot 35% from the field and 28% from three in the blowout. The loss moved MSU to 10–8, 4–8 on the season.
Purdue
On February 16, MSU traveled to face Purdue in West Lafayette. MSU kept the game close throughout, even taking the lead at points in the second half. Aaron Henry led the Spartans with 15 points and Maddy Sissoko played well in the first half, scoring five points in six minutes. Julius Marble added 10 points in 19 minutes. Sissoko did not play in the second half as the Spartans went mostly with Thomas Kithier and Marble. As a result, the Boilermakers were able to pull away and won by 11, 76–65. MSU shot the ball pretty well, making 44% of their field goals including 43% from three. Purdue struggled from three, making only three, but dominated inside as Trevion Williams scored 28 points to lead all scorers while Purdue's other big man, Zach Edey added 10 points in just eight minutes of play. The loss moved MSU to 10–9, 4–9 on the season.
Indiana
On February 20, MSU traveled to Indiana to face the Hoosiers. MSU trailed early, struggling offensively and defensively as Indiana built a double-digit lead. However, the Spartans countered to pull within four at the half. The Spartans only made two threes in the first half despite shooting 41% from the field. In the second half, MSU's offense came alive as Tom Izzo settled on a lineup consisting of Rocket Watts, Josh Langford, Gabe Brown, and Aaron Henry. With Thomas Kithier and Julius Marble alternating at the center position, the Spartans shot over 56% from the field including five of nine from three. MSU also made 15 of 18 free throws after not getting to the free throw line at all in the first half. Aaron Henry tied a career-high with 27 points while Josh Langford and Gabe Brown each scored 14. MSU took the lead with just over eight minutes remaining and pushed the lead to 12 with less than five minutes remaining. The Spartans held on from there despite missing several free throws with less than two minutes remaining. The 78–71 win moved MSU to 11–9 on the season and 5–9 in conference play.
Illinois
On February 23, No. 5-ranked Illinois visited the Breslin Center. MSU started the game with the lineup that did the most damage in the Indiana game, Rocket Watts at point guard and Josh Langford, Gabe Brown, and Aaron Henry on the wings. Julius Marble got the start to face Illinois big man Kofi Cockburn, playing only seven minutes, scoring six points, and fouling out of the game. Thomas Kithier (six minutes) also fouled out of the game and Maddy Sissoko (eight minutes) was ejected for a hard foul late in the game. Marcus Bingham (11 minutes) committed four fouls as MSU threw all their big men at Cockburn and limited him to 13 points in the game. After trailing 5–0 early in the game, the Spartans took control of the game and dominated Illinois in the first half, limiting them to only 24% from the field and leading 36–26 at the half. Langford grabbed 10 rebounds in the first half, tying his career-high in a game. MSU stretched the lead to as many as 18 in the second half before the Illini narrowed the lead. Langford grabbed 16 total rebounds while Henry led the Spartans with 20 points. Watts, Langford, Brown, and Henry each played over 30 minutes as Tom Izzo settled into the smaller lineup as the team's best chance to win. MSU was forced to play Joey Hauser at center late in the game, but he had his best game in months, scoring 13 including a clutch three-pointer and making several free throws late in the game. Illinois attempted 34 free throws, but only made 19 as MSU pulled out a 81–72 win. The win, by far the biggest of the season for MSU, moved the Spartans to 12–9 and 6–9 in conference play and put MSU back into the discussion for a possible berth in the NCAA tournament.
Ohio State
Two days later, the Spartans welcomed their second straight top-five opponent as No. 4 Ohio State visited Breslin. Ohio State took the early lead in the first half, shooting 56% from the field while MSU shot just 46%. As a result, Ohio State led by five at the break. Ohio State led by as many as nine in the second half as MSU made only one basket in 14 attempts in a period from the end of the first to the beginning of the second. However, MSU rallied, led by Aaron Henry's 18 points and Gabe Brown's 11 points. For the second straight game, Joey Hauser hit a clutch three-pointer to draw the Spartans within a point. Rocket Watts struggled in the game, shooting one of 10 from the field and playing only 24 minutes. The Spartans went without a point guard down the stretch as Henry ran the point. Up by one, after free throws by Henry, Josh Langford hit a jumper to push the lead to three for the Spartans with 30 seconds remaining. Ohio State moved to within one after free throws by E.J. Liddell. Hauser was fouled with 12 seconds remaining and missed one of two free throws leaving OSU down by two. A good defensive play by Langford gave the ball back to the Spartans, but Langford also missed one of two free throws leaving Ohio State within three with just over a second remaining. MSU held on for the win, 71–67 win, notching a second win against a top-five team in three days. The win moved MSU to 13–9 overall, and 7–9 in conference and put the Spartans squarely back on the bubble and in contention for an at-large berth to the NCAA tournament that seemed completely impossible only a week or two earlier.
Maryland
On February 28, MSU traveled to face Maryland. The Spartans started slowly, falling behind 11–0. Maryland made six of 10 three-pointers in the first half, but the Spartans narrowed the lead to single digits for most of the half. With MSU trailing by 10 at the half, the Spartans rallied on several different occasions, bringing them within five points on a few occasions. However, Maryland's free throw shooting, making 23 of 24 shots, kept the Spartans from getting any closer. The Terrapins were able to pull away and win by 73–55. MSU, playing its fourth game in eight days, showed fatigue, shooting 33% from the field and 28% from three in the loss. The loss dropped the Spartans to 7–10 in league play and 13–10 overall, but they remained in consideration for an at-large berth to the NCAA tournament.
Indiana
The Spartans played their fifth game in 10 days as Indiana visited Breslin on March 2. Both teams struggled offensively in the first half, Indiana shot under 28% while the Spartans shot under 37% from the field. As a result, the game was tied at 26 at the half. In the second half, both teams continued to struggle and neither team could manage to take a large lead. MSU made four of 17 three-pointers while limiting Indiana to two three-pointers in the game. Aaron Henry took over late in the game, scoring 12 straight points at one point as MSU pulled away to notch a six-point win, 64–58. Henry finished the game with 22 points, eight rebounds, and five assists. The win moved MSU to 14–10 on the season and 8–10 in conference play. The win also kept the Spartans in the discussion for an at-large berth to the NCAA tournament with only two regular season games remaining. Prior to the game, the Spartans announced that guard Foster Loyer had had shoulder surgery and would miss the remainder of the season.
Michigan
Two days later, MSU traveled to face rival Michigan on March 4, marking their sixth game in 12 days. MSU kept the game close through most of the first half, but Aaron Henry received his second foul on a controversial "flagrant one" call with 2:43 remaining in the half. Tom Izzo sent him to the bench to avoid his third foul and Michigan closed on a 9–2 run to take 39–28 halftime lead. In the second half, the Wolverines blew out the Spartans, leading by as many as 25. MSU only managed six points in the first 14 minutes of the half and lost 69–50. MSU failed to make a three-pointer for the first time since 2013 and shot only 36% from the field while Michigan shot 50%. The win gave Michigan the regular season Big Ten championship. The loss moved MSU to 14–11 and 8–11 in conference play with one game remaining in the regular season and their NCAA tournament hopes still alive.
Michigan
Due to rescheduling caused by COVID-19 issues, the Spartans finished the season at home playing their second straight game against Michigan on March 7, their seventh game in 15 days. The Spartans started the game well, shooting 40% from the field and making two of four three-point attempts. Michigan guard Eli Brooks was forced to leave the game five minutes in after twisting his ankle. Rocket Watts played well, scoring 11 of his game-high 21 points in the first half while Joey Hauser also added nine points in the half. In the second half, MSU took control, leading by as many as 11 and limiting Michigan to 33% shooting. Michigan was able to narrow the lead to two points, but Josh Langford hit a big three with 49 seconds remaining and the Spartans made their free throws down the stretch to pull out the 70–64 win. Aaron Henry scored 18 points, including six points in the last 3:43. Watts, who played in front of his mom for the first time in college, led the Spartans in shooting 50% from the field and adding four assists and four rebounds. The win all but assured MSU of an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament and marked the third top-five ranked team MSU had beaten in the last five games. The win moved MSU to 15–11 and 9–11 in league play, marking the first time the Spartans had finished with a sub-.500 record in league play under Tom Izzo.
Postseason
Big Ten tournament
MSU finished in a tie for eighth place in conference play with Maryland. However, due to tiebreaking rules, MSU received the No. 9 seed in the second round of the Big Ten tournament and will face Maryland on March 11.
Maryland
MSU played Maryland on March 11 in the second round of the Big Ten tournament. MSU started well, jumping to an early 12-point lead and looking like they would win easily. But, as in their prior meeting, Maryland took over defensively and led by four at the half. They pushed the lead to as many as 19 in the second half before Malik Hall scored many of his career-high 19 points to make the score more respectable as MSU lost 68–57. Aaron Henry scored 12 runs and corralled nine rebounds in the loss. The loss did prevent MSU from playing on Friday in the tournament, the first time MSU had not played in the quarterfinals in tournament history. The loss was not expected to hurt MSU's chances at receiving an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament.
NCAA tournament
The Spartans received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament, and were categorized as one of the last four teams in the tournament. As a result, they received an 11 seed in the East region and faced UCLA in the First Four.
UCLA
MSU started strong and built a 14-point lead late in the first half and led 44–33 at the half. MSU shot over 56% from the field in the first half, but their defense still allowed the Bruins to shoot 50% from the field in the first half. In the second half, MSU shot just 42% from the field and made only one of seven three-pointers as UCLA was able to close the gap and even take the lead in the half. UCLA shot 60% from the field in the second half, but still trailed by three with over a minute remaining. UCLA rebounded a missed free throw on a poor box-out of the shooter by Aaron Henry. Marcus Bingham then fouled the shooter, Jaime Jacquez Jr. who made the basket and the ensuing free throw to tie the game. Holding the ball for the last shot, Henry missed a jumper and UCLA missed a half-court heave to move the game to overtime. In overtime, MSU unraveled, scoring only one basket and losing 86–80. Henry finished the game with 16 points in his last game as a Spartan. Josh Langford, also in his last game as a Spartan, added 12 points.
Roster
Following Xavier Tillman's decision to enter the 2020 NBA draft, Jack Hoiberg was given the team's last remaining scholarship. On September 3, 2020, the school released the official roster showing a new walk-on on the team, Davis Smith, son of former Spartan star Steve Smith.
Depth chart
Schedule and results
Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the start of the season was pushed back from the scheduled start of November 10. On September 16, 2020, the NCAA announced that November 25 would be the new start date. Matchups for ACC–Big Ten Challenge were released on October 30. The Champions Classic, which was originally to be held on November 10, was later moved to December 1 and was to be held in Orlando. However, due to disagreements between ESPN, who was staging the event (and others), over health and safety protocols related to COVID-19, the event was canceled. It was hoped that the event could be still held elsewhere. Additionally, the Orlando Invitational tournament, also to be held in Orlando by ESPN, was canceled. It was later reported that the Spartans would play their Champions Classic game at Duke while Kentucky and Kansas would play in Indianapolis due to conflicting COVID-19 protocols by the respective schools.
On December 8, one day before they were scheduled to play, Virginia announced it was postponing its ACC–Big Ten Challenge game with the Spartans due to COVID-19 issues at Virginia. On January 12, 2021, it was announced that the game against Iowa on January 13 would be postponed due to at least three positive COVID-19 tests at Michigan State. The next day, the school announced that the game against Indiana on January 17 would also be postponed. On January 18, Tom Izzo announced that the game against Illinois on January 23 would also be postponed due to further positive COVID-19 tests in the MSU program.
On January 25, it was announced that the game against Michigan on February 6 would be postponed due to an outbreak at Michigan of a COVID-19 variant.
The Iowa game was rescheduled for February 2. As a result, and due to COVID-19 issues at Nebraska, the Nebraska game scheduled for February 3 was moved to February 6 to replace the postposed Michigan game. On February 8, it was announced that the Illinois game has been rescheduled for February 23, 2021.
The Indiana game was rescheduled to March 2 and the Michigan game to March 4 meaning MSU would finish the season with seven games in 16 days.
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!colspan=9 style=|Non-conference regular season
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!colspan=9 style=|Big Ten regular season
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!colspan=9 style=|Big Ten tournament
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!colspan=9 style=|NCAA tournament
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Player statistics
Source
Rankings
*Coaches did not release a week 1 poll.
Awards and honors
Post-season awards
Aaron Henry
All-Big Ten Defensive Team
All-Big Ten Third Team
References
Michigan State Spartans men's basketball seasons
Michigan State
Michigan State
Michigan State
Michigan State |
Zalarinsky District () is an administrative district, one of the thirty-three in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Zalarinsky Municipal District. Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Zalari. Population: 32,010 (2002 Census); The population of Zalari accounts for 34.0% of the district's total population.
References
Notes
Sources
Districts of Irkutsk Oblast |
Cirque Rocks was a charity circus held in Auckland, New Zealand event that was organised by the Dean Lonergan Events organisation and sponsored by McDonald's restaurants. The event was held August 23–26, 2006, with 215 performers. The event was held in the Trust's Stadium in Waitakere.
It featured over 80 circus acts and X-Games performers, choreographed to a 60-piece orchestra. The theme of the night being the history of Rock 'n Roll. The festivities began to a backdrop of early Rock 'n Roll hits and through the night progressed into today's modern rock.
The event was held live at the Trusts Stadium in Auckland on August 23, 2006, and broadcast a couple of days later on local network TV3 on Saturday, August 26, 2006.
The charities that this event raised money for were:
Ronald McDonald House
Yellow Ribbon (Prevention of Youth Suicide)
Child Cancer Foundation
Performances
These are among some of the acts performed at the Cirque Rocks event.
Plate Spinning
Holland's Motorcycle Globe of Death
Sunchasing
X-Games bikers - - Chad Kagy, Ryan Nyquist, Jamie Bestwick and Scott Cranmer.
Trampolining
Cage of Death
Ramashov Russian swings
Troupe Mayarov Fast Track Tumbling
Motorcycle Foot Jugglers from Russia
The Flying Wallendas (the world's greatest high wire act)
Cirque Rocks was a contemporary circus event and therefore did not use any performing animals.
Disappearance
On August 29, 2006, it was reported that a Chinese performer associated with the Chasing Sun chair balance act failed to turn up for her flight back to China. No further details are apparent and her disappearance remains a mystery.
References
External links
google videos
flickr photos of the show
Cultural history of New Zealand
Circuses |
Theridion is a genus of tangle-web spiders with a worldwide distribution. Notable species are the Hawaiian happy face spider (T. grallator), named for the iconic symbol on its abdomen, and T. nigroannulatum, one of few spider species that lives in social groups, attacking prey en masse to overwhelm them as a team.
Identification
Spiders in this genus are about as long or longer then they are wide. Their chelicerae have two or less teeth on the front edge and none on the back edge. The front leg is the longest in both genders, but the next longest is the second leg in males and the fourth leg in females. The epigyne can vary, but the pedipalp has a median apophysis and a colulus is absent from both genders. In several species, the males have mastidia (projections) on the chelicerae.
Theridion has the anterior eye row slightly curved and with a gap between it and the posterior eye row. This distinguishes it from Enoplognatha, another theridiid genus in which the anterior eye row is almost straight and the gap between eye rows is very small.
Ecology
Theridion build tangle webs, usually under leaves and among vegetation. At night, spiders hang upside-down in these webs. During the day, they hide close by their webs.
Philodromus cespitum, a species of running crab spider, preys on Theridion spiders in European fruit orchards.
Mating
Mating behaviour has been studied in several Theridion species. It involves pseudocopulation, numerous sperm inductions and copulatory sequences. The male approaches the female to mate, usually in the latter's retreat (a hood-shaped part of the web where the female lives in). Male Theridion perform contralateral insertions, inserting their left palp into the female's right introductory duct and vice versa for the right palp. Female Theridion are less aggressive after mating compared to other genera of theridiids.
Species
There are almost 600 described species of Theridion. However, the genus has traditionally been assigned species that lack a colulus and did not fit into other genera (wastebasket taxon). New species continue to be described on a regular basis.
T. abruptum Simon, 1884 — North Africa
T. accoense Levy, 1985 — Israel
T. acutitarse Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. adjacens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Mexico to Panama
T. adrianopoli Drensky, 1915 — Bulgaria, Greece, Crete, Turkey
T. aeolium Levi, 1963 — USA
T. agrarium Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. agreste Nicolet, 1849 — Chile
T. agrifoliae Levi, 1957 — USA, Canada
T. akme Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. akron Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. albidorsum Strand, 1909 — South Africa
T. albidum Banks, 1895 — USA, Canada
T. albioculum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. albipes L. Koch, 1878 — Russia, Georgia
T. albocinctum Urquhart, 1892 — New Zealand
T. albodecoratum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. albolineatum Nicolet, 1849 — Chile
T. albolineolatum Caporiacco, 1940 — Ethiopia
T. albomaculosum O. P.-Cambridge, 1869 — Sri Lanka
T. albopictum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. albostriatum (L. Koch, 1867) — New Guinea, Queensland, Tonga, Norfolk Islands
T. albulum O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 — Panama
T. altum Levi, 1963 — Paraguay
T. amarga Levi, 1967 — Chile, Argentina
T. amatitlan Levi, 1963 — Guatemala
T. ambiguum Nicolet, 1849 — Chile
T. ampascachi Mello-Leitão, 1941 — Argentina
T. ampliatum Urquhart, 1892 — New Zealand
T. angusticeps Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. angustifrons Caporiacco, 1934 — Karakorum
T. annulipes O. P.-Cambridge, 1869 — Sri Lanka
T. anson Levi, 1967 — Juan Fernandez Islands
T. antillanum Simon, 1894 — West Indies
T. antron Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. apiculatum Roewer, 1942 — Queensland
T. aporum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. apostoli Mello-Leitão, 1945 — Argentina
T. apulco Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. aragua Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. archeri Levi, 1959 — Cuba
T. argentatulum Roewer, 1942 — New Zealand
T. arizonense Levi, 1957 — USA
T. artum Levi, 1959 — Panama, Trinidad
T. aruanum Strand, 1911 — Aru Islands
T. arushae Caporiacco, 1947 — Tanzania
T. asbolodes Rainbow, 1917 — South Australia
T. astrigerum Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar
T. atratum Thorell, 1877 — Sulawesi
T. attritum (Simon, 1908) — Western Australia
T. auberti Simon, 1904 — South Africa
T. aulos Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. australe Banks, 1899 — USA, Mexico, West Indies
T. baccula Thorell, 1887 — Myanmar
T. baltasarense Levi, 1963 — Windward Islands
T. banksi Berland, 1920 — East Africa
T. barbarae Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. beebei Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. bellatulum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. bergi Levi, 1963 — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
T. berlandi Roewer, 1942 — Samoa
T. betteni Wiehle, 1960 — Palearctic
T. bicruciatum Roewer, 1961 — Senegal
T. bidepressum Yin, Peng & Zhang, 2005 — China
T. biezankoi Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. biforaminum Gao & Zhu, 1993 — China
T. biolleyi Banks, 1909 — Costa Rica
T. biseriatum Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra
T. bitakum Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
T. blackwalli O. P.-Cambridge, 1871 — Europe, Russia, Ukraine, North Africa
T. blaisei Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. boesenbergi Strand, 1904 — Europe, Russia, Ukraine
T. bolivari Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. bolum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. bomae Schmidt, 1957 — Congo
T. botanicum Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. brachypus Thorell, 1887 — Myanmar
T. bradyanum Strand, 1907 — South Africa
T. brunellii Caporiacco, 1940 — Ethiopia
T. brunneonigrum Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. bryantae Roewer, 1951 — Mexico
T. bullatum Tullgren, 1910 — Tanzania
T. buxtoni Berland, 1929 — Samoa, Henderson Islands, Tuamotu Arch.
T. calcynatum Holmberg, 1876 — Venezuela to Argentina
T. californicum Banks, 1904 — USA, Canada
T. caliginosum Marples, 1955 — Samoa
T. cameronense Levi, 1957 — USA, Mexico
T. campestratum Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. caplandense Strand, 1907 — South Africa
T. carinatum Yin, Peng & Zhang, 2005 — China
T. carpathium Brignoli, 1984 — Greece
T. cassinicola Simon, 1907 — Guinea-Bissau
T. castaneum Franganillo, 1931 — Cuba
T. catharina Marples, 1955 — Samoa
T. cavipalpe (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902) — Guatemala
T. cazieri Levi, 1959 — Bahama Islands
T. centrum Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. chacoense Levi, 1963 — Bolivia
T. chakinuense Wunderlich, 1995 — Turkmenistan
T. chamberlini Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. charitonowi Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. cheimatos Gertsch & Archer, 1942 — USA
T. cheni Zhu, 1998 — China
T. chihuahua Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. chiriqui Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. chonetum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. choroni Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. cinctipes Banks, 1898 — USA, Mexico
T. cinereum Thorell, 1875 — Russia, Ukraine
T. circumtextum Simon, 1907 — Guinea-Bissau
T. climacode Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. clivalum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. cloxum Roberts, 1983 — Aldabra
T. clypeatellum Tullgren, 1910 — East Africa
T. cochise Levi, 1963 — USA
T. cochrum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. cocosense Strand, 1906 — Costa Rica
T. coenosum Thorell, 1887 — Myanmar
T. cohni Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. coldeniae Baert & Maelfait, 1986 — Galapagos Islands
T. comstocki Berland, 1920 — East Africa
T. confusum O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 — Yarkand
T. conigerum Simon, 1914 — Europe, Russia
T. contreras Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. convexellum Roewer, 1942 — Queensland, New South Wales
T. convexisternum Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. corcyraeum Brignoli, 1984 — Corfu
T. costaricaense Levi, 1963 — Costa Rica to Venezuela
T. cowlesae Levi, 1957 — USA
T. coyoacan Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. crinigerum Simon, 1881 — Corsica, Italy, Morocco, Algeria
T. cruciferum Urquhart, 1886 — New Zealand
T. crucum Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. cuspulatum Schmidt & Krause, 1998 — Cape Verde Islands
T. cuyutlan Levi, 1963 — Mexico
T. cynicum Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936 — USA, Mexico
T. dafnense Levy & Amitai, 1982 — Israel
T. darolense Strand, 1906 — Ethiopia
T. davisorum Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. dayongense Zhu, 1998 — China
T. decemmaculatum Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra
T. decemperlatum (Simon, 1889) — Madagascar
T. dedux O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 — South Africa
T. delicatum O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 — South Africa
T. derhami Simon, 1895 — Sierra Leone, Gabon, Bioko
T. diadematum Chrysanthus, 1963 — New Guinea
T. dianiphum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. differens Emerton, 1882 — USA, Canada
T. dilucidum Simon, 1897 — Costa Rica to Venezuela, West Indies
T. dilutum Levi, 1957 — USA, Mexico
T. dividuum Gertsch & Archer, 1942 — USA
T. dominica Levi, 1963 — Dominica
T. dreisbachi Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. dubium Bradley, 1877 — New Guinea
T. dukouense Zhu, 1998 — China
T. dulcineum Gertsch & Archer, 1942 — USA
T. durbanicum Lawrence, 1947 — South Africa
T. ecuadorense Levi, 1963 — Ecuador
T. egyptium Fawzy & El Erksousy, 2002 — Egypt
T. electum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Mexico
T. elegantissimum Roewer, 1942 — Taiwan
T. elevatum Thorell, 1881 — Queensland
T. elimatum L. Koch, 1882 — Mallorca
T. elisabethae Roewer, 1951 — Mexico
T. elli Sedgwick, 1973 — Chile
T. ellicottense Dobyns & Bond, 1996 — USA
T. emertoni Berland, 1920 — East Africa
T. epiense Berland, 1938 — New Hebrides
T. eremum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. eugeni Roewer, 1942 — Bioko
T. evexum Keyserling, 1884 — Mexico, West Indies to Brazil
T. excavatum F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 — Guatemala
T. exlineae Levi, 1963 — Ecuador, Peru
T. expallidatum O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 — Yarkand
T. familiare O. P.-Cambridge, 1871 — Palearctic
T. fastosum Keyserling, 1884 — Ecuador, Peru
T. fatuhivaense Berland, 1933 — Marquesas Islands
T. femorale Thorell, 1881 — Queensland
T. femoratissimum Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. fernandense Simon, 1907 — Bioko
T. filum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. flabelliferum Urquhart, 1887 — New Zealand
T. flavonotatum Becker, 1879 — USA, Cuba
T. flavoornatum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. fornicatum Simon, 1884 — Sudan
T. frio Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. frizzellorum Levi, 1963 — Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
T. frondeum Hentz, 1850 — USA, Bahama Islands
T. fruticum Simon, 1890 — Yemen
T. fungosum Keyserling, 1886 — Ecuador, Peru
T. furfuraceum Simon, 1914 — France, Algeria, Syria
T. fuscodecoratum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. fuscomaculatum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. fuscum Franganillo, 1930 — Cuba
T. gabardi Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
T. galerum Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. gekkonicum Levy & Amitai, 1982 — Israel
T. geminipunctum Chamberlin, 1924 — USA, Mexico
T. genistae Simon, 1873 — Western Mediterranean to Uzbekistan
T. genistae turanicum Charitonov, 1946 — Uzbekistan
T. gentile Simon, 1881 — Corsica, Algeria
T. gertschi Levi, 1959 — USA, Mexico
T. gibbum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. gigantipes Keyserling, 1890 — New South Wales, Victoria
T. giraulti Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. glaciale Caporiacco, 1934 — Karakorum
T. glaucescens Becker, 1879 — USA, Canada
T. glaucinum Simon, 1881 — France
T. goodnightorum Levi, 1957 — USA, Mexico
T. gracilipes Urquhart, 1889 — New Zealand
T. grallator Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. gramineum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. grammatophorum Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. grancanariense Wunderlich, 1987 — Canary Islands
T. grandiosum Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. grecia Levi, 1959 — Mexico to Venezuela
T. gyirongense Hu & Li, 1987 — China
T. hainenense Zhu, 1998 — China
T. haleakalense Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. hannoniae Denis, 1944 — Europe, North Africa, Madeira, Canary Islands
T. hartmeyeri Simon, 1908 — Western Australia
T. hassleri Levi, 1963 — Hispaniola
T. hebridisianum Berland, 1938 — New Hebrides
T. helophorum Thorell, 1895 — Java
T. hemerobium Simon, 1914 — USA, Canada, Europe
T. hermonense Levy, 1991 — Israel
T. hewitti Caporiacco, 1949 — Ethiopia
T. hidalgo Levi, 1957 — USA, Mexico
T. hierichonticum Levy & Amitai, 1982 — Israel
T. hispidum O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 — Mexico, West Indies to Paraguay
T. histrionicum Thorell, 1875 — Balkans
T. hondurense Levi, 1959 — Honduras
T. hopkinsi Berland, 1929 — Samoa
T. hotanense Zhu & Zhou, 1993 — China
T. huanuco Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. hufengensis Tang, Yin & Peng, 2005 — China
T. hui Zhu, 1998 — China
T. humboldti Levi, 1967 — Peru
T. hummeli Schenkel, 1936 — China
T. idiotypum Rainbow, 1917 — South Australia
T. illecebrosum Simon, 1886 — Senegal
T. impegrum Keyserling, 1886 — Brazil
T. impressithorax Simon, 1895 — Philippines
T. incanescens Simon, 1890 — Yemen
T. incertissimum (Caporiacco, 1954) — French Guiana, Brazil
T. incertum O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 — India
T. incomtum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Guatemala
T. inconspicuum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. indicum Tikader, 1977 — Andaman Islands
T. innocuum Thorell, 1875 — Russia, Ukraine
T. inquinatum Thorell, 1878 — Myanmar, Singapore, Amboina
T. inquinatum continentale Strand, 1907 — China
T. insignitarse Simon, 1907 — Gabon
T. intritum (Bishop & Crosby, 1926) — USA
T. iramon Levi, 1963 — Colombia, Ecuador
T. ischagosum Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
T. isorium Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. istokpoga Levi, 1957 — USA to Panama
T. italiense Wunderlich, 1995 — Italy
T. jordanense Levy & Amitai, 1982 — Israel
T. kambalum Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
T. karamayense Zhu, 1998 — China
T. kauaiense Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. kawea Levi, 1957 — USA, Mexico
T. kibonotense Tullgren, 1910 — East Africa
T. kiliani Müller & Heimer, 1990 — Colombia
T. kobrooricum Strand, 1911 — Aru Islands
T. kochi Roewer, 1942 — Samoa
T. kollari Doleschall, 1852 — Austria
T. kraepelini Simon, 1905 — Java
T. kraussi Marples, 1957 — Fiji
T. lacticolor Berland, 1920 — Kenya, Yemen, Madagascar
T. laevigatum Blackwall, 1870 — Italy
T. lago Levi, 1963 — Ecuador
T. lamperti Strand, 1906 — Ethiopia
T. lanceatum Zhang & Zhu, 2007 — China
T. lapidicola Kulczynski, 1887 — Italy
T. latisternum Caporiacco, 1934 — Karakorum
T. lawrencei Gertsch & Archer, 1942 — USA
T. leechi Gertsch & Archer, 1942 — USA, Canada
T. leguiai Chamberlin, 1916 — Colombia, Peru
T. lenzianum Strand, 1907 — South Africa
T. leones Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. leucophaeum Simon, 1905 — India
T. leve Blackwall, 1877 — Seychelles
T. leviorum Gertsch & Riechert, 1976 — USA
T. liaoyuanense (Zhu & Yu, 1982) — China
T. limatum Tullgren, 1910 — Tanzania
T. limitatum L. Koch, 1872 — Queensland, New South Wales
T. linaresense Levi, 1963 — Chile
T. linzhiense Hu, 2001 — China
T. llano Levi, 1957 — USA
T. lomirae Roewer, 1938 — New Guinea
T. logan Levi and Patrick, 2013 — USA
T. longicrure Marples, 1956 — New Zealand
T. longihirsutum Strand, 1907 — China
T. longipalpum Zhu, 1998 — China, Korea
T. longipedatum Roewer, 1942 — Colombia
T. ludekingi Thorell, 1890 — Java
T. ludius Simon, 1880 — Malaysia to Australia, New Caledonia
T. lumabani Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
T. luteitarse Schmidt & Krause, 1995 — Cape Verde Islands
T. macei Simon, 1895 — Congo
T. machu Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. macropora Tang, Yin & Peng, 2006 — China
T. macuchi Levi, 1963 — Ecuador
T. maculiferum Roewer, 1942 — Zanzibar
T. magdalenense Müller & Heimer, 1990 — Colombia
T. maindroni Simon, 1905 — India
T. manjithar Tikader, 1970 — India
T. manonoense Marples, 1955 — Samoa
T. maranum Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. maron Levi, 1963 — Paraguay
T. martini Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. mataafa Marples, 1955 — Samoa
T. mauense Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. mauiense Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. mehlum Roberts, 1983 — Aldabra
T. melanoplax Schmidt & Krause, 1996 — Canary Islands
T. melanoprorum Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar
T. melanoprorum orientale Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. melanosternon Mello-Leitão, 1947 — Brazil
T. melanostictum O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 — Mediterranean, Aldabra, Seychelles, China, Japan, USA, Hispaniola
T. melanurum Hahn, 1831 — Holarctic, Azores
T. melinum Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. mendozae Berland, 1933 — Marquesas Islands
T. meneghettii Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. metabolum Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 — Panama
T. metator Simon, 1907 — Guinea-Bissau
T. michelbacheri Levi, 1957 — USA
T. micheneri Levi, 1963 — Panama
T. minutissimum Keyserling, 1884 — Panama, Peru
T. minutulum Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar
T. miserum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. modestum (Simon, 1894) — Sri Lanka
T. molliculum Thorell, 1899 — Cameroon
T. mollissimum L. Koch, 1872 — Australia, Samoa
T. montanum Emerton, 1882 — USA, Canada, Alaska, Norway, Finland, Russia
T. monzonense Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. mortuale Simon, 1908 — Western Australia
T. morulum O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 — USA, Mexico
T. murarium Emerton, 1882 — North America
T. musivivoides Schmidt & Krause, 1995 — Cape Verde Islands
T. musivivum Schmidt, 1956 — Canary Islands
T. musivum Simon, 1873 — Mediterranean
T. myersi Levi, 1957 — USA, Mexico, Jamaica
T. mystaceum L. Koch, 1870 — Palearctic
T. mysteriosum Schmidt, 1971 — Ecuador
T. nadleri Levi, 1959 — Trinidad
T. nagorum Roberts, 1983 — Aldabra
T. nasinotum Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. nasutum Wunderlich, 1995 — Sardinia
T. necijaense Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
T. negebense Levy & Amitai, 1982 — Israel
T. neomexicanum Banks, 1901 — USA, Canada
T. neshamini Levi, 1957 — USA
T. nesticum Levi, 1963 — Trinidad
T. nigriceps Keyserling, 1891 — Brazil
T. nigroannulatum Keyserling, 1884 — Ecuador, Peru
T. nigroplagiatum Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. nigropunctatum Lucas, 1846 — Mediterranean
T. nigropunctulatum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. nigrosacculatum Tullgren, 1910 — Tanzania
T. nigrovariegatum Simon, 1873 — Palearctic
T. pierre Levi and Patrick, 2013 — USA
T. nilgherinum Simon, 1905 — India
T. niphocosmum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. niveopunctatum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. niveum O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 — Mexico
T. nivosum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. nodiferum Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
T. nojimai Yoshida, 1999 — Japan
T. nudum Levi, 1959 — Mexico, Panama
T. oatesi Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar
T. obscuratum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. ochreolum Levy & Amitai, 1982 — Israel
T. octoferum Strand, 1909 — South Africa
T. odoratum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. ohlerti Thorell, 1870 — Holarctic
T. ohlerti lundbecki Sørensen, 1898 — Greenland
T. olaup Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. omiltemi Levi, 1959 — Mexico, Guatemala
T. onticolum Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. opolon Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. opuntia Levi, 1963 — Mexico
T. orgea (Levi, 1967) — Brazil
T. orlando (Archer, 1950) — USA
T. osprum Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. oswaldocruzi Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. otsospotum Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
T. palanum Roberts, 1983 — Aldabra
T. palgongense Paik, 1996 — Korea
T. pallidulum Roewer, 1942 — East Africa
T. palmgreni Marusik & Tsellarius, 1986 — Finland, Poland, Estonia, Russia
T. pandani Simon, 1895 — Cambodia
T. panganii Caporiacco, 1947 — Tanzania
T. paraense Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. parvulum Blackwall, 1870 — Sicily
T. parvum Keyserling, 1884 — Peru
T. patrizii Caporiacco, 1933 — Libya
T. pelaezi Levi, 1963 — Mexico
T. pennsylvanicum Emerton, 1913 — USA, Canada
T. perkinsi Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. pernambucum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. perpusillum Simon, 1885 — Malaysia
T. petraeum L. Koch, 1872 — Holarctic
T. petrunkevitchi Berland, 1920 — East Africa
T. phaeostomum Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. pictum (Walckenaer, 1802) — Holarctic
T. pigrum Keyserling, 1886 — Brazil
T. pilatum Urquhart, 1893 — Tasmania
T. piligerum Frauenfeld, 1867 — Nicobar Islands
T. piliphilum Strand, 1907 — South Africa
T. pinastri L. Koch, 1872 — Palearctic
T. pinguiculum Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. pinicola Simon, 1873 — Corsica
T. pires Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. piriforme Berland, 1938 — New Hebrides
T. plaumanni Levi, 1963 — Venezuela, Brazil
T. plectile Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. plumipes Hasselt, 1882 — Sumatra
T. pluviale Tullgren, 1910 — Tanzania
T. poecilum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. porphyreticum Urquhart, 1889 — New Zealand
T. positivum Chamberlin, 1924 — USA, West Indies to Paraguay
T. posticatum Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. postmarginatum Tullgren, 1910 — Tanzania
T. praeclusum Tullgren, 1910 — Tanzania
T. praemite Simon, 1907 — Sierra Leone
T. praetextum Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. praetextum concolor Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
T. prominens Blackwall, 1870 — Italy
T. proximum Lawrence, 1964 — South Africa
T. puellae Locket, 1980 — Comoro Islands
T. pulanense Hu, 2001 — China
T. pumilio Urquhart, 1886 — New Zealand
T. punctipes Emerton, 1924 — USA, Mexico
T. punicapunctatum Urquhart, 1891 — New Zealand
T. punongpalayum Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 — Philippines
T. purcelli O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 — St. Helena, South Africa
T. pyramidale L. Koch, 1867 — Queensland, New South Wales
T. pyrenaeum Denis, 1944 — Spain, Andorra
T. qingzangense Hu, 2001 — China
T. quadratum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1882) — Sri Lanka, Sumatra
T. quadrilineatum Lenz, 1886 — Madagascar
T. quadripapulatum Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar
T. quadripartitum Keyserling, 1891 — Brazil
T. rabuni Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944 — USA, Bahama Islands
T. rafflesi Simon, 1899 — Sumatra
T. rampum Levi, 1963 — Peru, Venezuela
T. ravum Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. refugum Drensky, 1929 — Austria, Balkans, Bulgaria, Greece, Russia
T. reinhardti Charitonov, 1946 — Uzbekistan
T. resum Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. retreatense Strand, 1909 — South Africa
T. retrocitum Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. rhodonotum Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. ricense Levi, 1959 — Puerto Rico
T. rossi Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. rostriferum Simon, 1895 — West Africa
T. rothi Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. rubiginosum Keyserling, 1884 — Brazil
T. rubrum (Keyserling, 1886) — Brazil
T. rurrenabaque Levi, 1963 — Bolivia
T. ruwenzoricola Strand, 1913 — Central Africa
T. saanichum Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947 — USA, Canada, Alaska
T. sabinjonis Strand, 1913 — Central Africa
T. sadani Monga & Singh, 1989 — India
T. samoense Berland, 1929 — Samoa
T. sanctum Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. sangzhiense Zhu, 1998 — China
T. sardis Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944 — USA
T. saropus Thorell, 1887 — Myanmar
T. schlingeri Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. schrammeli Levi, 1963 — Mexico
T. sciaphilum Benoit, 1977 — St. Helena
T. semitinctum Simon, 1914 — Spain, France, Balearic is.
T. senckenbergi Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. septempunctatum Berland, 1933 — Marquesas Islands
T. serpatusum Guan & Zhu, 1993 — China
T. sertatum Simon, 1909 — Vietnam
T. setiferum Roewer, 1942 — Myanmar
T. setosum L. Koch, 1872 — Queensland, New Hebrides, Samoa, New Caledonia
T. setum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. seximaculatum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. sibiricum Marusik, 1988 — Russia, Mongolia
T. sinaloa Levi, 1959 — Mexico
T. sisyphium (Clerck, 1757) — Palearctic
T. sisyphium foliiferum Thorell, 1875 — Spain
T. sisyphium torandae Strand, 1917 — Yarkand, Karakorum
T. soaresi Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. societatis Berland, 1934 — Tahiti
T. solium Benoit, 1977 — St. Helena
T. spinigerum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. spinitarse O. P.-Cambridge, 1876 — North Africa
T. spinosissimum Caporiacco, 1934 — Karakorum
T. squalidum Urquhart, 1886 — New Zealand
T. stamotum Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. stannardi Levi, 1963 — Mexico
T. strepitus Peck & Shear, 1987 — Galapagos Islands
T. striatum Keyserling, 1884 — Brazil
T. styligerum F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 — Mexico, Guatemala
T. subitum O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 — India
T. submirabile Zhu & Song, 1993 — China, Korea
T. submissum Gertsch & Davis, 1936 — USA, Mexico, Bahama Islands, Jamaica
T. subpingue Simon, 1908 — Western Australia
T. subradiatum Simon, 1901 — Malaysia
T. subrotundum Keyserling, 1891 — Brazil
T. subvittatum Simon, 1889 — India
T. sulawesiense Marusik & Penney, 2005 — Sulawesi
T. swarczewskii Wierzbicki, 1902 — Azerbaijan
T. taegense Paik, 1996 — Korea
T. tahitiae Berland, 1934 — Tahiti
T. tamerlani Roewer, 1942 — Myanmar
T. tayrona Müller & Heimer, 1990 — Colombia
T. tebanum Levi, 1963 — Venezuela
T. teliferum Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
T. tenellum C. L. Koch, 1841 — Greece
T. tenuissimum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. teresae Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. tessellatum Thorell, 1899 — Cameroon
T. teutanoides Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. thaleri Marusik, 1988 — Russia
T. thalia Workman, 1878 — Myanmar
T. theridioides (Keyserling, 1890) — China, Queensland, New South Wales
T. thorelli L. Koch, 1865 — New South Wales
T. tigrae Esyunin & Efimik, 1996 — Russia
T. tikaderi Patel, 1973 — India
T. timpanogos Levi, 1957 — USA
T. tinctorium Keyserling, 1891 — Brazil
T. t-notatum Thorell, 1895 — Myanmar, Singapore
T. todinum Simon, 1880 — New Caledonia
T. topo Levi, 1963 — Ecuador
T. torosum Keyserling, 1884 — Peru
T. trahax Blackwall, 1866 — Africa
T. transgressum Petrunkevitch, 1911 — USA, Mexico
T. trepidum O. P.-Cambridge, 1898 — Mexico to Panama
T. triangulare Franganillo, 1936 — Cuba
T. trifile Simon, 1907 — West, East Africa
T. trigonicum Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra, Java
T. tristani Levi, 1959 — Costa Rica
T. triviale Thorell, 1881 — Australia
T. trizonatum Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. tubicola Doleschall, 1859 — Java, Moluccas, New Guinea
T. tungurahua Levi, 1963 — Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil
T. turrialba Levi, 1959 — Costa Rica
T. uber Keyserling, 1884 — Brazil
T. uhligi Martin, 1974 — Europe
T. umbilicus Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. uncatum F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1902 — Mexico
T. undatum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. undulanotum Roewer, 1942 — New Hebrides
T. urnigerum Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
T. ursoi Caporiacco, 1947 — Ethiopia
T. urucum Levi, 1963 — Brazil
T. usitum Strand, 1913 — Central Africa
T. utcuyacu Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. valleculum Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. vallisalinarum Levy & Amitai, 1982 — Israel
T. vanhoeffeni Strand, 1909 — South Africa
T. varians Hahn, 1833 — Holarctic
T. varians cyrenaicum Caporiacco, 1933 — Libya
T. varians melanotum Strand, 1907 — Germany
T. varians rusticum Simon, 1873 — Western Mediterranean
T. ventricosum Rainbow, 1916 — Queensland
T. vespertinum Levy, 1985 — Israel
T. viridanum Urquhart, 1887 — New Zealand
T. volubile Keyserling, 1884 — Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru
T. vosserleri Strand, 1907 — East Africa
T. vossi Strand, 1907 — Cameroon
T. vossioni Simon, 1884 — Sudan
T. vulvum Levi, 1959 — Panama
T. weberi Thorell, 1892 — Singapore
T. weyrauchi Levi, 1963 — Peru
T. whitcombi Sedgwick, 1973 — Chile
T. wiehlei Schenkel, 1938 — Spain, France, Algeria
T. workmani Thorell, 1887 — Myanmar
T. xianfengense Zhu & Song, 1992 — China, Taiwan
T. xinjiangense (Hu & Wu, 1989) — China
T. yani Zhu, 1998 — China
T. yuma Levi, 1963 — USA
T. yunnanense Schenkel, 1963 — China
T. zantholabio Urquhart, 1886 — New Zealand
T. zebra Caporiacco, 1949 — Kenya
T. zebrinum Zhu, 1998 — China
T. zekharya Levy, 2007 — Israel
T. zhangmuense Hu, 2001 — China
T. zhaoi Zhu, 1998 — China
T. zhoui Zhu, 1998 — China
T. zonarium Keyserling, 1884 — Peru
T. zonatum Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841 — Unknown
T. zonulatum Thorell, 1890 — Sumatra
References
External links
Society-focused spiders live and hunt together - NewScientist.com
Theridiidae
Araneomorphae genera
Cosmopolitan spiders |
Gemma-Leah Devereux (born 9 August 1990) is an Irish actress. She is known for playing Liza Minnelli in the biographical drama film Judy (2019) opposite Renée Zellweger, and Lady Fitzgerald in the fourth and final season of the television series The Tudors (2010).
Personal and early life
Gemma-Leah Mary Devereux was born in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, the daughter of Irene and Francis Devereux. Her mother is a renowned hairdresser. She is the youngest of four children. She wanted to be an actress from a very early age, and has stated, "I've never wanted to be anything else". Devereux attended Loreto College St Stephens Green and left school at the age of 16. That same year she moved to London to study drama. She trained at the Arts Educational Schools, London for three years.
Acting career
Devereux made her acting debut as Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald in Showtime's historical fiction television series The Tudors. with Jonathan Rhys Meyers and Henry Cavill. Shortly afterwards she made her theatrical westend debut in The Dreamers of Inishdara at the Jermyn Street Theatre alongside Rocky Horror Show star Patricia Quinn. In 2012 she was cast as her first leading role in a feature film as Kate alongside Ross Noble and Tommy Knight in Stitches directed by Conor McMahon which premiered at Film4 Frightfest 2012 in Empire Leicester Square. That same year she was cast in Comedown, an urban horror-thriller film about a group of South-East London teenagers break into an abandoned tower block to install an aerial for a Pirate Radio Station. It is directed by Menhaj Huda, and starring Adam Deacon, Geoff Bell, Jessica Barden, and Jacob Anderson. The film had its premiere at the Grimmfest 2012 film festival on 4 October. In 2013 she joined Casualty as nurse Aoife O'Reilly. She filmed 14 episodes before her exit. That same year she starred opposite Brian Gleeson in How To Be Happy which follows relationship counsellor Cormac Kavanagh (Gleeson) who starts sleeping with his clients in a misguided attempt to reignite their passions but gets in-tangled when he starts falling for Flor (Devereux), the attractive young private detective assigned to investigate his affairs. In 2014 she starred opposite Killian Scott and Peter Coonan in Get Up And Go an indie film about four 20 something years olds who face a cross road over one day. For her performance in this role she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at the 2016 Irish Film & Television Academy Awards. In 2015 she starred opposite Callum Blue, Rebecca Knight and David Hayman in psychological thriller Dartmoor Killing which won "Best thriller" at the National Film awards. That same year she filmed feature film Poison Pen; Property of the State opposite Patrick Gibson, Aisling Loftus and Elaine Cassidy. In 2016 she was cast in Simon Bird's directorial debut Ernestine & Kit with Pauline Collins and Rosaleen Linehan. The following year she was cast opposite John Connors in Mark O'Connor's Cardboard Gangsters. The story follows a group of young lads in Darndale, led by Jay Connolly ( Connors), who sell drugs to make a living. It became the highest-grossing film that year. She was cast as a heroin addict in RTE's legal drama Striking Out with Neil Morrissey and Amy Huberman. In 2018 she played Ruth Shine opposite Tom Vaughan-Lawlor in the docudrama Citizen Lane about the life of art dealer Hugh Lane. That same year she was cast opposite John Connors again in Paddy Slattery's directional debut Broken Law. In 2019 she starred as Ciara in RTE's Comedy Drama Bump; a story of two sisters who have been very much at odds since they were young with Charlene McKenna playing her sister and Seán McGinley playing her Father. That same year she filmed period drama Dead Still alongside Michael Smiley and Eileen O'Higgins directed by Imogen Murphy. In 2018 it was announced Devereux would be playing Liza Minnelli in the upcoming Biopic Judy of Judy Garland's life opposite Renée Zellweger as Judy Garland directed by Rupert Goold. Principal photography began on 19 March 2018, in London. Filming locations included West London Film Studios. The film premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on 30 August 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on 27 September 2019, and in the United Kingdom on 2 October 2019.
Filmography
References
External links
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2019
1990 births
Irish film actresses
Irish television actresses
Living people
People educated at the Arts Educational Schools
Actresses from Dublin (city)
21st-century Irish actresses
Irish expatriates in England
People educated at Loreto College, St Stephen's Green |
Thyestes is an extinct genus of osteostracan agnathan vertebrate of Europe whose fossils are found in Middle to Late Ludlow-aged marine strata of Late Silurian Europe. Individuals of Thyestes superficially resembled Cephalaspis, but were more closely related to Auchenaspis and Tremataspis.
References
Osteostraci genera
Silurian fish of Europe |
```php
<?php
declare(strict_types = 1);
namespace LanguageServer;
use LanguageServer\Message;
use Sabre\Event\Promise;
interface ProtocolWriter
{
/**
* Sends a Message to the client
*
* @param Message $msg
* @return Promise Resolved when the message has been fully written out to the output stream
*/
public function write(Message $msg): Promise;
}
``` |
Eupithecia undiculata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.
Subspecies
Eupithecia undiculata undiculata
Eupithecia undiculata glaucata D. S. Fletcher, 1956
References
Moths described in 1932
undiculata
Moths of Africa |
Un Paso del Amor is the debut album from Puerto Rican singer Ektor. Ektor was the second finalist of the first season of Puerto Rican talent show contest Objetivo Fama.
The album was released on August 23, 2005. The first single titled "Te Voy a Amar" was used in one of Univision's soap operas.
Track listings
"Te Voy a Amar"
"Mientras Tanto"
"Templo de Metal"
"Yo Soy el Mismo"
"Un Paso del Amor"
"Ya No Queda Nada"
"Cuanto Duele Amar"
"No Digas Que No"
"Si Volviera a Nacer"
"Es Amor"
External links
“A un paso del amor” su nueva producción discográfica “Te voy a amar” primer sencillo promociona
2005 debut albums
Spanish-language albums |
Henry Francis Mount (born 1971) is a British author and journalist who is editor of The Oldie magazine and a frequent contributor to the Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph.
Early life
Harry Mount was born in 1971. His father, Sir Ferdinand Mount, Bt, FRSL, is also a journalist, and was an advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. One of his second cousins is the former British prime minister David Cameron.
Mount was educated at the North Bridge House School in London, followed by Westminster School, where he was an Honorary Scholar. He then read Ancient and Modern History at Magdalen College, Oxford, graduating with a first. At Oxford he was a member of the Bullingdon Club.
Mount pursued postgraduate studies in Architectural History at the Courtauld Institute, receiving an additional MA degree; he then qualified as a barrister, but failed to secure a tenancy in chambers following his pupillage. He also briefly worked as a banker.
Career
Harry Mount is editor of The Oldie, a British monthly magazine founded in 1992 by Richard Ingrams. Ingrams was succeeded in 2014 by Alexander Chancellor, and Mount took over after Chancellor's death in 2017.
Mount has worked as a leader writer and a New York correspondent for The Daily Telegraph. and now has a regular column at the same paper.
He has written extensively for The Spectator since 2002, and for the Evening Standard since 2012.
In 2022, he was appointed an Independent Member of the House of Lords Appointments Commission during Boris Johnson's final days in office. The appointment was criticized by Labour's deputy leader Angela Rayner who called it "a display of pure arrogance by Boris Johnson, putting his own leading crony in charge of stopping cronyism in parliament".
Controversy
As a member of the Bullingdon Club at Oxford, Mount enjoyed a certain notoriety after being rolled down a hill in a portable toilet. "It was like coming out of Dracula's coffin", he told
The New Yorker in 2007.
After Mount wrote in The Spectator (2004) lamenting the supposed demise of Classics teaching in the UK, and dismissing the Cambridge Latin Course, The Spectator published a riposte from the Dean of Wadham, James Morwood, saying: "His denunciation of the Cambridge Latin Course as 'the evil Latin-for-idiots school textbooks' is blind to the fact that it was this very course which rescued Latin from an apparently terminal decline in the 1960s."
Also in 2004, he attracted some mild comment for refusing to review David Mitchell's widely acclaimed Cloud Atlas for The Sunday Telegraph because he could not finish it, finding it "unreadable".
The Classical theme recurred in 2007 with the publication of Mount's best-seller, Amo, Amas, Amat ... and All That. Although this book repeated his ridicule of the education system, it was his exposure of the elitist implications of the study of Latin which “caused a measure of class controversy in the U.K."
"Class war with classicists" was the headline in Spectator Australia after Mount wrote a Telegraph article in 2015 saying classics exams had been dumbed down. Mount detailed the abuse he received, including: "A classics student at King’s College London called me an 'antediluvian ape'. A classics teacher at Durham Sixth Form Centre predicted my next book would be 'bowel-achingly derivative'." Mount fought back with: "The classics trolls instantly associate any dumbing down suggestions with far-right fogeyish snobbishness."
Personal life
Mount lives in Kentish Town, north London.
Works
Mount is the author of several books:
My Brief Career, an account of his pupillage at a barristers' chambers.
Amo, Amas, Amat ... and All That, published by Hyperion in 2007, was a best-selling popular reference on the Latin language whose title harks back to Sellar and Yeatman's 1066 and All That. Dedicated to his brother (William) and sister (Mary), the book introduced the basics of Latin grammar and combined his own personal memories, Latin references in popular culture, and stories about ancient Rome. In it, he reveals his prep school nickname of "Mons" (Mons, montis m. mountain). Published in the United States as Carpe Diem: Put a Little Latin in Your Life.
A Lust for Window Sills, a popular guide to British architecture.
How England Made the English – from Hedgerows to Heathrow, a book about the English character and landscape. Published in May 2012 by Viking.
Harry's Mount's Odyssey: Ancient Greece in the Footsteps of Odysseus Published by Bloomsbury in 2015.
The King and I: How Elvis Shaped My Life (Kindle Single, 2017)
Summer Madness: How Brexit Split the Tories, Destroyed Labour and Divided the Country (Biteback, 2017)
Et Tu, Brute? The Best Latin Lines Ever (Bloomsbury, 2022), with John Davie
The Last Marchioness: A Portrait of Lindy Dufferin (Venn, 2023), edited and introduced by Mount.
In June 2013, Bloomsbury published The Wit and Wisdom of Boris Johnson, edited and introduced by Mount.
Mount also edited a collection of Auberon Waugh's journalism entitled Closing the Circle.
See also
Mount baronets
References
External links
Burke's Peerage & Baronetage online
Cracroft's Peerage online
Harry Mount – The Telegraph
1971 births
Living people
Writers from Lambeth
Journalists from London
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art
British male journalists
Linguistics writers
21st-century British writers
Daily Mail journalists
The Daily Telegraph people
Harry
People educated at North Bridge House School
Younger sons of baronets
Bullingdon Club members |
"Insheeption" () is the tenth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series South Park, and the 205th episode of the series overall. It premiered October 20, 2010 on Comedy Central in the United States. In the episode, Stan and Mr. Mackey suffer a hoarding disorder. In an attempt to find the cause for it, they get trapped in Mr. Mackey's dream. The episode spoofs the TV show Hoarders, Hoarding: Buried Alive, and the film Inception.
The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker, and was rated TV-MA-LV in the United States and MA15+(a) in Australia.
Plot
After Wendy expresses concern that Stan suffers from compulsive hoarding, he agrees to have it checked. A hoarding specialist named Dr. Chinstrap, as well as the rest of the student body, help Stan go through his locker, which is stuffed with a number of disgusting items, including a maggot-infested sandwich and broken toothbrush which Stan, who soon loses his composure, refuses to give up, shocking Kyle, Kenny, Cartman, Wendy and the rest of the school. They send him to Mr. Mackey, who does not know what hoarding is; Stan discovers that Mackey is a hoarder himself.
Stan and Mackey, along with a sheep herder named Mr. Yelman (repeatedly misidentified as a sheep "hoarder"), are hooked up to a machine which Chinstrap and his assistant Dr. Pinkerton explains that they will help them figure out why they are hoarders by drifting them to their subconscious. Moments later in Mackey's subconscious he is being bullied by a boy named Billy Thompson, who threatens to attack Mackey at a field trip the next day. Mackey then runs into Stan and the sheep hoarder who, as the scientists explain in reality, are there because of the power of Mackey's dream. Within the dream, Stan goes home with Mackey and tries to talk him out of the dream, but Mackey instead plays with his Lite-Brite and other 70s-era toys and watches ZOOM. Randy insists he has to rescue his son from the dream despite Chinstrap's warning that he will be stuck there forever.
The dream moves on to the next morning where Stan, Mackey, the sheep hoarder, and the kids board a bus for the field trip. Stan suddenly sees Randy, who is for some reason a butterfly. Stan asks if he has come to help but Randy reveals that, while that was his intention, he is more concerned with getting "butterfly poon". Pinkerton claims that they have called in another group of "experts" in the form of the main characters from Inception (one of them shapeshifting into NFL quarterback Matt Hasselbeck) to go into the dream to create a "dream within a dream" and rescue them, with Chinstrap providing boombox sounds recreating Inception'''s music theme during the explanation. The second group, the cast from Inception, comes in shooting at people before going into the dream, where they proceed to shoot even more people in the woods as the group arrives. Stan, the sheep hoarder and Mackey are introduced to Woodsy Owl, an owl with the tagline "give a hoot, don't pollute" before being put in with Billy and his two friends.
Chinstrap and Pinkerton are now seen courting firefighters to get into the dream and begin trying to explain the events to Sharon (Compared to a taco inside of a taco inside a Taco Bell inside a KFC within a mall inside a dream), who claims it all sounds ridiculous and stupid. A pizza guy arrives and is sent in as well, as Sharon is told she does not understand because she is not smart. Within the dream, Mackey and Stan are running from the bullies when Stan convinces Mackey to stand up for himself. Mackey prepares for a fight. Back in reality, Chinstrap decides the dream has become too powerful, and at this point they must court "the most powerful dream infiltrator in the world" who is Freddy Krueger. While Freddy Krueger does not wish to come back, stating that Chinstrap needed him to murder several teenagers in the belief that it would help 'stop the Russians', they convince him to help out a final time.
Within Mackey's dream, the second group of experts arrive to kill Billy Thompson and the tormentors before the fire fighters arrive, which they assumed would cure Mackey and end the dream. But when they realized Mackey is not waking up, he remembers what happened, explaining he ran from the bullies and went into a shack, where someone talked nice to him but then touched him in a bad way. Mackey then comes upon that same shack and enters, revealing another young Mackey being sexually molested by Woodsy Owl. Woodsy then turns into a nightmarish monster, killing the sheep hoarder and overpowering the Inception cast before being killed from behind by Freddy Krueger. With Woodsy destroyed, everyone wakes up and Mackey explains he must have become a hoarder after believing Woodsy molested him because he wasn't trying hard enough to not pollute. Freddy is beyond remorse because he could not save the sheep herder (ironically the only one who recognizes him correctly as a shepherd). They suggest to Stan that he move on to his own therapy now, but he claims to have a better idea. He is then seen throwing out the items in his locker. Wendy and Kyle ask him what his problem was and Stan says that after what happened with Mackey, he does not want any therapy. Kyle suggests that maybe that "was your therapy". Finally, Chinstrap comes out again doing the Inception soundtrack as the episode ends.
CollegeHumor borrowings
Upon the episode's release, Dan Gurewitch from the humor website CollegeHumor, noted several similarities between Insheeption and his own Inception parody video, "Inception Characters Don't Understand Inception", which he had made with David Young and first posted to the CollegeHumor website on July 19, 2010. He discovered that many lines from the South Park episode seemed to be lifted almost verbatim from their sketch. Matt Stone later issued an apology, admitting when they had intended to parody the complexity of Inception, they did not have a copy of the film to reference, instead turning to the internet for information on the film. Stone explained:
"We thought their joke was that a lot of those lines were actually in the movie, and they were banging them against each other, and showing that the Inception characters didn't even know Inception. That was a mistake, and it was an honest mistake… It's just because we do the show in six days, and we're stupid and we just threw it together. But in the end, there are some lines that we had to call and apologize for."
Gurewitch has since said that their apology was accepted, and that he and Young plan to "meet up with Matt and Trey when they're in New York."
Reception
Ratings
In its original American broadcast on October 20, 2010, "Insheeption" was seen by 2.891 million viewers according to Nielsen Media Research, making it the most watched cable television show of the night. The episode received a 1.8 rating/3 share, meaning it was seen by 1.8 percent of the population, and 3 percent of people watching television at the time of its broadcast. Among adult viewers between ages 18 and 49, the episode received a 1.6 rating/5 share, dropping three tenths in the ratings in stated demographic since the previous episode. Among male viewers between ages 18 and 34, the episode scored a 3.4 rating/11 share.
Critical response
Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B rating.IGN gave the episode a score of 7 out of 10 and wrote: "This episode had a great premise, and I did find myself laughing a couple of times (Cartman's few lines in this story are hilarious), but this installment gave me the impression that the creative team weren't really trying that hard. I've said it before, but it bears repeating – it seems like these new episodes are more like Robot Chicken fare (no offense to you RC lovers out there, though South Park is not to be compared to Robot Chicken), than the usual stuff we've come to expect from SP. Maybe the team is distracted by other things, or maybe the debacle with the Mohammed episode took some wind out of their sails, but the spark seems to be missing, and I'm hoping it returns soon."TVfanatic.com rated the episode 4 out of 5 and said, "We thought the episode was actually pretty spot on and fantastic."
Home mediaInsheeption, along with the thirteen other episodes from South Park'''s fourteenth season, were released on a three-disc DVD set and two-disc Blu-ray set in the United States on April 26, 2011.
References
External links
"Insheeption" Full episode at South Park Studios
Compulsive hoarding
Television episodes about nightmares
South Park (season 14) episodes
Parodies of films
Parodies of television shows
Television episodes about bullying
Parody television episodes |
Elchin Rahmanov (, born 18 January 1979 in Baku, Soviet Union) is a retired Azerbaijani footballer. He has made 7 appearances for the Azerbaijan national football team.
References
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Baku
Azerbaijani men's footballers
Azerbaijan men's international footballers
Azerbaijani expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Estonia
Men's association football midfielders
Azerbaijan Premier League players
Meistriliiga players
Viljandi JK Tulevik players
MOIK Baku players
Neftçi PFK players
Azerbaijani expatriate sportspeople in Estonia |
Painted Lady is a mountain summit located in Fresno County, California.
Description
Painted Lady is situated in Kings Canyon National Park, approximately one mile west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, west of the community of Independence, and one-half mile north of line parent Mount Rixford. Topographic relief is significant as the north aspect rises above Rae Lakes in . Access to the peak is possible via the John Muir Trail which crosses Glen Pass one mile to the southwest of the peak. The first ascent of the summit was made in 1931 by Robert Owen.
Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Painted Lady is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the range. Precipitation runoff from the peak drains into Rae Lakes.
See also
Painted Lady (disambiguation)
Gallery
References
External links
Weather forecast: Painted Lady
Mountains of Fresno County, California
Mountains of Kings Canyon National Park
North American 3000 m summits
Mountains of Northern California
Sierra Nevada (United States)
Mountains of the Sierra Nevada (United States) |
Weightlifting competitions at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto was held from July 11 to 15 at the General Motors Centre (Oshawa Sports Centre) in Oshawa. Due to naming rights the arena was as the latter for the duration of the games. A total of fifteen weightlifting events were held: eight for men and seven for women.
Venue
The competitions took place at the General Motors Centre (Oshawa Sports Centre) located in the city of Oshawa, about 60 kilometers from the athletes village. The arena will had a reduced capacity of 3,000 people per session (about half its normal of 5,500). The venue also hosted the boxing competitions later in the games.
Competition schedule
The following is the competition schedule for the weightlifting competitions:
Medal table
Medalists
Men's events
Women's events
Participating nations
A total of 24 countries qualified athletes. The number of athletes a nation entered is in parentheses beside the name of the country.
Qualification
A total of 125 weightlifters (69 male and 56 women) were able to qualify to compete at the games. Qualification was done at the 2013 and 2014 Pan American Championships, where nations had points assigned per athlete's finishing position. The totals of both Championships were added and quotas were then awarded to the top 20 men's teams and 18 women's teams. A further two wildcards (one for each gender) was awarded.
See also
Weightlifting at the 2016 Summer Olympics
References
External links
Results book (archived)
Events at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games
2015 |
Marcel Florent De Boodt (10 March 1926 – 23 January 2012) was a professor emeritus of the University of Ghent and has been dean of the Faculty of Agriculture (Faculty of Bioscience Engineering) and the Belgian national delegate to the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme.
Academic career
Prof. De Boodt was born in St-Truiden, Belgium. In 1948, he graduated from the University of Ghent as an engineer for the chemistry and agricultural industries. He studied as a Fulbright fellow from 1950 till 1951 at Iowa State University in the United States where he obtained a Master of Science in soil physics. He received his doctoral degree at the University of Ghent in 1957 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. L. De Leenheer.
In January 1965, he was appointed professor and director of the Laboratory of Soil Physics of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the University of Ghent, where he was in charge of lectures in soil physics and soil pollution. He participated very actively in the development of chemical polymers known as soil conditioners by which soil structurization and stabilization could be promoted almost instantaneously. His first applications were very useful to improve the agricultural production of soils in the temperate regions and in the wet tropics to fight against water erosion. The last applications were mainly dealing with water efficiency in the irrigation systems in semi-arid and arid zones.
De Boodt introduced the concept of "activating neutral surfaces in soil conditioning" It served mainly in desert reclamation and this in an economical justified way. From now on it became possible to treat seedling lines or plant pits of fruit trees and bushes which conserved the water in the root zone and prohibits evaporation at the soil surface. The method which was tried out in Egypt, gained a widespread interest in the other countries of North Africa, the Near East and in China.
One of the characteristic features of De Boodt was his love for the effort to bring the message of soil conservation and increased soil production through better soil physical treatment to the people of all nations. The European Market Commission often calls on him to set up important projects of which the desert reclamation in particular should be like the one tried out in Egypt. He often went on missions in Latin America, especially in Peru, Ecuador and Panama, with as topic the erosion repair of new developments for the desert and in Saudi Arabia and the United Emirates for water us efficiency studies.
Throughout all these activities De Boodt became convinced that the most lasting effect of scientific collaboration consists in the transfer of knowledge and know-how. Under his guidance more than 100 people were trained and more than 80 obtained an MSc or PhD in soil science. In addition, he was visiting professor in 20 different universities around the world.
At the University of Ghent he often has been the president of scientific advisory boards on a national and international level such as the National Science Foundation, the Commission for Agriculture and the Council for the Scientific Research to the Ministry of Agriculture. Prof. De Boodt was the Dean of the Faculty for Agriculture from 1980 till 1984.
After more than forty years of academic career, Prof. De Boodt retired in October 1991 as Director of the Laboratory of Soil Physics, Soil Conditioning and Horticultural Soil Science. For years he stayed active at the ICE till he died on 23 January 2012 at the age of 85.
Organisations
In 1980, he was the Belgian National Delegate to the UNESCO Man and Biosphere programme. He was president of the Belgian branch of the American Society for Advancement of Science from 1982 onwards; starting from 1985 president of the Scientific Council of the World Foundation for the Quality of Life and from 1986 onwards president of the International Soil Science Society.
In 1989, he founded the International Institute for Eremology; the ICE is situated at University of Ghent in Belgium and offers a research base for a number of scientists and students. From this base, many projects are organized in many dryland countries distributed over all continents. The centre received in 2008 the UNESCO Chair on Eremology.
In 1991 he founded together with his spouse Marie-Christiane Maselis the De Boodt-Maselis foundation which grants every year the 'Prize De Boodt - Maselis' for the promotion of studies and research in Eremology.
Prizes and awards
He received several awards and medals of merit and recognition from universities and government institutions in Iraq ( Silver Plate of Merit 1979), Thailand (Medal of Appreciation 1983), Egypt (Award of Recognition and Appreciation 1987) and Poland (Oczapowski Commemorative Medal 1990).
In 1986 he was awarded Doctorate Honoris Causa by the Agricultural University in Lublin, Poland. In 1994 he became a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Special Awards
Groot-officier Leopold II orde -
Groot-officier in de Kroonorde -
Francqui Chair.
References
1926 births
2012 deaths
Academic staff of Ghent University
Members of Academia Europaea
Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Belgian agriculturalists
Belgian soil scientists |
Bulbophyllum manobulbum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum found in New Guinea.
References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
Orchids of New Guinea
manobulbum |
Jerzy Paweł Jokiel (9 August 1931 – 7 October 2020) was a Polish gymnast. He won a silver olympic medal in 1952.
References
External links
Profile at sports-reference.com
Profile at olimpijski.pl
1931 births
2020 deaths
Polish male artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for Poland
Olympic silver medalists for Poland
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Sportspeople from Ruda Śląska
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
20th-century Polish sportsmen |
Duckwitzer See is a lake in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 19.9 m, its surface area is 0.179 km².
Lakes of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
Krikor Peshtimaldjian (, Born Constantinople, Ottoman Turkey 1778 - died Constantinople, Ottoman Turkey January, 1839) was a prominent ethnic Armenian philosopher, educator, translator, and linguist. He was a key figure in the Armenian reawakening and reformist movement in the 19th century.
References
1778 births
1839 deaths
Armenian-language writers
Philosophers from the Ottoman Empire
Educators from the Ottoman Empire
Ethnic Armenian translators
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
19th-century writers from the Ottoman Empire
Writers from Istanbul
Logicians
19th-century philosophers
19th-century male writers |
Wereholme, also known as the Harold H. Weekes Estate, and the Scully Estate, is a historic estate located at Islip in Suffolk County, New York. The mansion was built in 1917 in the French Provincial style for Lousine Peters and her husband Harold H. Weekes.
It was designed by architect Grosvenor Atterbury (1869–1956) and is a "L" shaped structure built of concrete block. It is three stories high with a hipped roof and the servants' wing is two stories with a clipped cross-gable roof. Also on the property are two garages, greenhouse, barrel vaulted dovecote, and entrance pillars from South Bay Avenue.
History
The property was originally part of Windholme which was eventually split between the children of the owners. Louise Peters received and had Wereholme built. She passed the house to her daughter, Hathaway. "Happy" eventually donated it to the Audubon Society who sold it to Suffolk County in 2004.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.
Suffolk County Nature Center
The Suffolk County Nature Center opened on the property on Earth Day, 2010. The Center is operated by the Seatuck Environmental Center through a long-term custodial agreement with the Suffolk County Department of Parks, Recreation and Conservation.
Wereholme has been restored, and features natural history exhibits, a nature library and space for programs.
The 70-acre property is adjacent to the Seatuck National Wildlife Refuge and the Islip Town Beach. Trails and boardwalks allow visitors to view different ecosystems, including salt marsh, freshwater wetlands and mature upland forest.
References
External links
Scully Estate (Suffolk County Department of Parks)
Suffolk County Nature Center - Seatuck Environmental Center
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses in Suffolk County, New York
Nature centers in New York (state)
Tourist attractions in Suffolk County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, New York |
Bacchides () ( 2nd-century BCE) was a Syrian-Greek general and governor (strategos) and friend and advisor (philoi) of King Demetrius I Soter of the Seleucid Empire. The Seleucid Empire was one of the Greek successor states (diadochi) founded after the conquests of Alexander the Great, and was centered in Syria and Babylonia in the Hellenistic era.
Bacchides is only known from the books of Maccabees (1 Maccabees, possibly 2 Maccabees as well) and the works of the historian Josephus.
Depiction in 1 Maccabees
The main source on Bacchides is the book 1 Maccabees. The work was written in the Hasmonean kingdom after the success of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire, and is thus a source hostile to Bacchides. Nevertheless, the book is open about the successes Bacchides achieved on behalf of the government.
According to Chapter 7, Demetrius sent Bacchides in 161 BCE to Judea with an army in order to invest Alcimus with the office of High Priest of Israel. This mission succeeded; the book of 1 Maccabees does not report any challenge to it, perhaps because the Maccabees were still rebuilding after their defeat at the Battle of Beth Zechariah. The book then reports a negotiation took place between Alcimus and the Hasideans, but Alcimus broke his oath, and seized and executed sixty of the Hasideans. Bacchides then left Jerusalem, encamped at a place called Beth Zaith, and then arrested and executed some locals. He then returned to the king at the capital. The reference to "Beyond the River" as where Bacchides ruled is more a linguistic quirk; the style of 1 Maccabees heavily uses archaic references and a biblical style, and so uses the Persian term for area west of Mesopatamia rather than the Greek one ("Syria").
Bacchides next appears in Chapter 9. After Nicanor's defeat at the Battle of Adasa, Bacchides is dispatched to quell the rebellious region. He engages with the rebel army at the Battle of Elasa, and wins a key victory. The leader of the Judeans, Judas Maccabeus, was killed, and the Maccabees were forced to retreat. The timing of these two events is somewhat uncertain and disputed; the work says that Adasa was in the month of Adar, and Elasa was in the following month of Nisan. Many scholars presume that Adasa was in 161 BCE, while Bacchides expedition happened in 160 BCE, suggesting a long 13-month gap compared to the narrative seemingly suggesting Bacchides was sent out immediately afterward; however, if both battles happened in the same year, this would be an exceptionally fast response to have the expedition of Bacchides ready to go and attack immediately after news of the defeat reached the capital, given travel times in antiquity.
With Judas's defeat, Bacchides re-established Seleucid authority in Judea. The rebels nominated Judas's brother Jonathan Apphus to lead them with Judas's death, and seem to have fled to Tekoa on the border of Idumea near the Jordan River. 1 Maccabees then describes a battle that the Maccabees won against Bacchides' forces on the Jordan River, with the government forces declining to attempt to follow the rebels across the river. Still, while the rebel movement would survive in the countryside, they could not retake the cities. Bacchides then built and established fortifications with Seleucid garrisons around Judea. He is described as fortifying Jericho, Emmaus, Beth-horon, Beth-el, Thamnata (Timnatha), Pharathon, Tephon, Beth-zur, and Gazara. Bacchides also orders the taking hostages of the sons of various important families of the Judean elite to the Acra citadel of Jerusalem as a guarantee of good behavior. Around 159 BCE, Alcimus died; Bacchides returned to Syria for a period of two years afterward, and Judea saw peace.
In 157 BCE, there was a new incident. 1 Maccabees describes Judean Hellenists as stirring up trouble and convincing Bacchides to come back to Judea a third time to try his luck against Jonathan's rebels. There is a new wave of fighting, but Jonathan's forces hold out. Additionally, Simon Thassi, brother of Judas and Jonathan, is also described as taking part in the fighting, although there is suspicion that this may be a later addition to the text by some scholars. Jonathan and Bacchides come to a peace treaty, and the fighting stops between the Greek government and the Maccabees. Bacchides is also described as being frustrated with the "lawless" Hellenist Jews and executing several himself for their failures. As part of the peace deal, Bacchides swears to never move against Jonathan again, and appears to actually uphold his end of the deal, which is not at all guaranteed given 1 Maccabees' depiction of many such promises from others as untrustworthy. While the open fighting of armies stopped, 1 Maccabees hints that violence would continue, albeit on a more localized level. It writes that while "the sword ceased from Israel" that "Jonathan (...) began to judge the people; and he destroyed the godless out of Israel."
In other literature
In the book 2 Maccabees, a person named "Bacchides" is briefly mentioned as working with a Seleucid commander named "Timothy" (possibly Timothy of Ammon?). Jonathan A. Goldstein writes that there is not enough evidence to tell if this is the same person mentioned in 1 Maccabees, while Robert Doran argues that they are probably not the same person.
The Jewish historian Josephus wrote of the Maccabean Revolt in both The Jewish War and Jewish Antiquities. The Jewish War mentions a Seleucid commander named Bacchides who is in charge of the garrison at Jerusalem at the start of the persecution (around ~168–167 BC) who began torturing eminent citizens to indulge in his own brutal barbarity. His excesses provoke "Matthias, the son of Asamonaeus" (Mattathias) and his five sons to kill Bacchides with cleavers, after which Matthias flees into the wilderness and begins the Maccabean Revolt. This account is generally assumed to be untrustworthy and erroneous, and was a result of Josephus conflating Mattathias killing a Seleucid official in Modein (not Jerusalem) with Bacchides being the name of a Seleucid official. Antiquities seems to be largely based on 1 Maccabees, although it includes information at times brought from other sources. For Bacchides, however, Antiquities largely matches the account of 1 Maccabees, and does not add any unique details.
Bacchides acquired a number of variants of his name in other languages. In the Syriac translation of 1 Maccabees, Bacchides, through an error in transcription, is called "Bicrius" instead of "Bacdius". In Megillat Antiochus, a rabbinic Judaism version of the Hanukkah story written around the 2nd century CE, he is called Bagris, or Bogores.
References
External links
People in the books of the Maccabees
Seleucid generals
2nd-century BC Greek people |
Wong Yan-lung, GBM, SC (; born 1963) is a barrister in Hong Kong who served as the second Secretary for Justice of Hong Kong between 20 October 2005 and 30 June 2012.
Early years
Wong grew up in a small flat in Tai Wong Street East (大王東街) in Wan Chai. He sold ice cream with his father for a monthly income of HK$300-HK$400. Wong graduated from secondary school at Queen's College in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. His top marks meant that he secured scholarships every year while studying at the College. In the 1980s, the family moved to Wah Fu Estate in Aberdeen. However, his father continued selling ice cream until Wong returned from studying in England. He read law at Magdalene College, Cambridge while on a Prince Philip Scholarship.
Career
Wong undertook pupillage with Andrew Li, and was the latter's last ever pupil. In 1987, he was called to both the Bar of England & Wales and the Bar of Hong Kong. He was appointed a Senior Counsel in 2002.
He sat as a Deputy High Court Judge of the Court of First Instance in July 2003, and was a Council member of the Hong Kong Bar Association from 1989 to 1990, from 1997 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2005. He was also Chairman of the Special Committee on Legal Education of the Association from 2003 to 2005.
He then served as the second Secretary for Justice of Hong Kong between 20 October 2005 and 30 June 2012, under Donald Tsang Yam-kuen.
Since his retirement from governmental office, Wong has resumed private practice as a barrister at Temple Chambers, with a broad civil and commercial practice. Wong has served as Chairman of the Buildings Appeal Tribunal, of the Criminal and Law Enforcement Injuries Compensation Boards, and of the Non-local Higher and Professional Education Appeal Board.
On the Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy, Wong described the National People's Congress Standing Committee interpretation of the Basic Law as a "pity" and "avoidable". He added that “from the constitutional and legal perspective, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee undoubtedly has the power to interpret every single clause of the Basic Law ... but at the same time, there is no doubt that such power must be exercised with extreme restraint and only when it is unavoidable”.
When former Chief Executive Donald Tsang was found guilty of one count of misconduct in public office in 2017, Wong personally wrote a ten-page letter of mitigation, stating that "[Tsang's] significant contributions to Hong Kong in the past over 4 decades should be properly recognized."
Personal life
Wong has three daughters with his wife, Esther Chan. He met his wife while doing charity work between 1991 and 1996, and married in 1996. He received several hundred thousand Hong Kong dollars as a wedding gift from his wife's wealthy family, which he, in turn, gave to organisations for the homeless.
He is a devout Christian. He has also served as Vice-Chairman of the CEDAR Fund and Member of the Steering Committee and Volunteer of the Hong Kong Christian Concern for the Homeless.
Awards and honours
Wong was elected as a Master of the Bench of the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple in 2007. He was made an Honorary Fellow of Magdalene College, University of Cambridge in 2009. He has also received honorary degrees from Lingnan University, Shue Yan University, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Open University of Hong Kong, and the University of Hong Kong.
Wong received the Grand Bauhinia Medal in 2012.
See also
Judiciary of Hong Kong
Legal system of Hong Kong
References
External links
Wong Yan-lung named new Secretary for Justice
Skyline Monthly, "Wong Yan-lung: Black horse of Hong Kong political circles"
Official website
1963 births
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Barristers of Hong Kong
Fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Government officials of Hong Kong
Hong Kong philanthropists
Living people
Secretaries for Justice of Hong Kong
Hong Kong Senior Counsel
Hong Kong evangelicals
Alumni of Queen's College, Hong Kong |
Dayton Township is an inactive township in Cass County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
Dayton Township was originally called Page Township; the present name is after the community of Dayton, Missouri.
References
Townships in Missouri
Townships in Cass County, Missouri |
1459 Magnya, provisional designation , is a basaltic, slightly elongated asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory in 1937, this background asteroid was later named from the Latin word "Magnya", which means "clear, bright, wonderful" when literally translated into Russian. It is the only known basalt asteroid orbiting beyond 4 Vesta.
Discovery
Magnya was discovered on 4 November 1937, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. Two nights later, it was independently discovered by French astronomer André Patry at Nice Observatory on 6 November 1937. The Minor Planet Center only recognizes the first discoverer, although Patry was first to announce the discovery. However, André Patry later received the honor to name the asteroid (see below).
Orbit and classification
Magnya is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.4–3.9 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,036 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Nice Observatory, 22 days after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.
Physical characteristics
Spectral type and mineralogy
Magnya is a V-type asteroid in the Tholen classification. The spectrum of this object show that it has a basaltic surface, which may indicate that it is a remnant from a larger parent body that underwent differentiation prior to breaking up. As of 2000, it is the only known basalt asteroid orbiting beyond 4 Vesta in the outer main belt.
Rotation period and poles
Several rotational lightcurves of Magnya have been obtained from photometric observations since 2005. Lightcurve analysis gave a consolidated rotation period of 4.678 hours with a brightness variation between 0.57 and 0.84 magnitude (). A high brightness amplitude is indicative of a non-spherical, elongated shape.
The asteroid's lightcurve has also been modeled several time using photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database and other sources. Modelling gave a concurring (sidereal) period of 4.679100, 4.679102 and 4.67911 hours. The studies determined two spin axis in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β): (73.0°, −54.0°) and (198.0°, −55.0°), as well as (72.0°, −59.0°) and (207.0°, −51.0°). Modeling also confirmed that the body is a slightly elongated ellipsoid, and revealed that it is rotating along the smallest axis and that it has an almost homogeneous surface.
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, as well as interferometric observations with the VLTI, Magnya measures between 17 and 29.90 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2168 and an exceptionally high 0.909.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by the VLT, that is an albedo of 0.37 and takes a diameter of 17.4 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5.
Naming
This minor planet was named after "Magnya", which means "clear, bright, wonderful" when literally translated from Latin into Russian. The name was proposed by the second, unofficial discoverer André Patry, who was also the first to compute the asteroid's orbit (research by the author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Lutz D. Schmadel, is based on private communications with Crimean astronomers N. Solovaya and N. S. Chernykh).
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
001459
Discoveries by Grigory Neujmin
Named minor planets
19371104 |
Thomas Francis Zuber (born March 25, 1972) is an American attorney, entrepreneur, and inventor. He is the creator and CEO of LawLoop.com, a cloud computing portal for lawyers, and a Co-Founder and Partner of Zuber Lawler & Del Duca, a bi-coastal law firm headquartered in Los Angeles, California, with additional offices in Chicago, Illinois, New York, New York, Phoenix, Arizona and Silicon Valley, California. He is also known for directing, co-writing, and producing the independent motion picture Little Athens, which was an Official Selection of the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival.
Life
Zuber grew up in Piscataway, New Jersey. He received his M.P.P. from Harvard University, and his J.D. from Columbia Law School, where he was a Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar. He graduated with a B.S. summa cum laude in engineering from Rutgers University. Tom Zuber is admitted to the New York State Bar and the California State Bar.
Zuber began his legal career in the New York office of White & Case in 1999. In 2001, he joined the Los Angeles office of O’Melveny & Myers. Shortly thereafter, Zuber left O’Melveny & Myers to co-found Zuber & Zuber, now Zuber Lawler & Del Duca.
LawLoop.com
Zuber created LawLoop.com, a cloud-computing portal for lawyers, with offices in Los Angeles, California. LawLoop.com uses an online business-network platform to integrate front-and-back office software solutions. LawLoop.com operates completely in the cloud, and includes software application services relating to document management, contact management, client management, and matter management, among other services.
On January 30, 2012, LawLoop.com launched at LegalTech New York 2012. LawLoop.com’s launch triggered positive responses from major media outlets such as Los Angeles Business Journal, CNNMoney, Yahoo! Finance, and Corporate Counsel. Following the launch at LegalTech, competing among some 600 start-up companies, LawLoop.com won the start-up competition at IT Expo East 2012, which took place in Miami, Florida.
Zuber’s inventions relating to LawLoop.com have resulted in over 10 patents and patents pending. On February 7, 2012, Zuber received his first patent relating to LawLoop.com, U.S. Patent No. 8,112,713 B2, relating to a "Method for Providing Alias Folders in a Document Management System."
Zuber Lawler & Del Duca
With his brother Jeff Zuber, Zuber co-founded Zuber & Zuber, now Zuber Lawler & Del Duca, in 2003 as a 3rd-year associate with no clients, and served as its Managing Partner for the first 7 years of its history. During his tenure, Zuber managed Zuber Lawler & Del Duca's growth from 2 attorneys working out of a Los Angeles domestic kitchen to over 25 attorneys working in 11 different languages representing clients throughout the world from offices in Los Angeles, California; New York, New York; and San Francisco, California.
Zuber Lawler & Del Duca currently represents nine of the Fortune 100 companies, and government entities such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). At the end of 2010, Zuber stepped down as Managing Partner to focus more precisely on client service, attorney recruitment and business development, and to serve as CEO of LawLoop.com. Zuber Lawler & Del Duca is now governed by a Management Committee, on which Zuber serves. He continues to chair Zuber Lawler & Del Duca's Recruiting Committee and Business Development Committee.
Film
In 2005, Zuber directed, co-wrote, and produced the independent motion picture Little Athens, starring Jorge Garcia, Eric Szmanda, and Michael Peña. Made on a shoe-string budget, Little Athens was an Official Selection of the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival.
Boards
Zuber sits on the Regional Board of Directors for Southern California of UNICEF, the world's leading advocate for children.
References
American lawyers
Living people
Columbia Law School alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
1972 births
American technology chief executives
Rutgers University alumni |
Maria Rita Serrano (born 23 June 1968) is a Brazilian administrator, employee of Caixa Econômica Federal since 1989 and chairwoman of the bank from 9 January to 28 October 2023 during the presidency of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, being the fourth woman to head the institution.
She was also president of the Bank Employees Trade Union of ABC Region for two terms from 2006 to 2012 and his nomination was supported by the union, as she was their representative in the bank's administrative council. Serrano was elected councillor in 2017 after the end of her term as substitute, which began in 2013, when the first election for the position was held.
She is also a writer, with some books published. One of them talks about Caixa Econômica Federal, "Caixa, Banco dos Brasileiros", critically analyzing the history of the bank. Serrano wrote and published the book "Rompendo Barreiras", which she tells her own story, with participation in militancy and social and trade union movements, besides reflecting about the obstacles imposed on women to prevent them to reach power.
Academic education
Rita Serrano is Bachelor of Social Studies at the Santo André Foundation Universitary Center, Bachelor of History at the University of Greater ABC and Master of Administration at the Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul.
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
People from Santo André, São Paulo |
The 1909 ECHA season was the fourth and final season of the Eastern Canada Hockey Association (ECHA). Teams played a twelve-game schedule. The Ottawa Hockey Club would win the league championship with a record of ten wins, two losses and take over the Stanley Cup.
League business
Executive
Joe Power, Quebec (President)
James Strachan, Wanderers (1st Vice-President)
J. Eveleigh, Montreal (2nd Vice-President)
Emmett Quinn, Quebec (Secretary-Treasurer)
The Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association league meeting was held November 4, 1908, and was a pivotal meeting in the evolution from amateur to professional ice hockey leagues. At the meeting the two last amateur, or at least partly amateur teams resigned over the signing of players from other teams. Montreal HC and Montreal Victorias left the league and later would continue as senior level men's teams playing for the Allan Cup. Unpaid players would no longer play with paid players.
The league would continue with four professional teams. The league name was changed to Eastern Canadian Hockey Association to reflect the change in status.
Regular season
The Wanderers', Cecil Blachford had retired and Bruce Stuart had moved to Ottawa. New additions included Joe Hall, Harry Smith, Jimmy Gardner and Steve Vair. The Wanderers would come close to their rivals, finishing second with nine wins and three losses.
Ottawa saw Harvey Pulford and Alf Smith retire, and Tom Phillips leave. Ottawa would replace these players with Edgar Dey, Billy Gilmour and Albert 'Dubby' Kerr from the Toronto Professionals. Alf Smith would organize the Ottawa Senators of the Federal Hockey League.
Shamrocks added Harry Hyland, and Quebec saw the start of the career of Joe Malone.
Ottawa played an exhibition game prior to the season with the Toronto professionals on January 2 in Toronto. Toronto defeated Ottawa 5–4. Dubby Kerr played in the game for Toronto, and signed with Ottawa a week later.
On January 25, Wanderers played an exhibition game in Cobalt, Ontario, versus the Cobalt Silver Kings, betting $500 on themselves to win, but lost 6–4. After the game Harry Smith would leave the Wanderers to join Haileybury of the Timiskaming League.
Highlights
The rivalry between Ottawa and Wanderers continued, Wanderers winning the first on January 6 7–6 in overtime, with Harry Smith scoring four against his former team. Ottawa would win the next 5–4 in Ottawa, and defeat Montreal in Montreal 9–8 before 8000 fans. Ottawa would finish the series winning 8–3 in Ottawa to clinch the championship.
Marty Walsh of Ottawa would win the scoring championship with 38 goals. Ottawa would average nearly ten goals per game.
Final standing
Stanley Cup challenges
Montreal vs. Edmonton
Prior to the season, Wanderers would play a challenge against the Edmonton Hockey Club, champions of the Alberta Amateur Hockey Association. Despite all players except for one being a 'ringer' for Edmonton, Montreal would defeat them December 28–30, 1908, in Montreal. In game one, Harry Smith scored 5 goals as he led the Wanderers to a 7–3 victory. The Edmontons won game two, 7–6, but Montreal took the two-game total goals series, 13–10.
Spares Edmonton: Bert Boulton, Harold Deeton, Jack “Hay” Miller
Spares Montreal: Ernie Liffton, Ernie Russell.
Spares Edmonton: Hugh Boulton, Howard McNamara, Tommy Smith.
Spares Montreal: Ernie Liffiton, Ernie Russell.
Source: Coleman
After the challenge, Edmonton would play an exhibition game in Ottawa on January 2, defeating the Ottawa Senators (of the FHL) 4–2. Ottawa played the Toronto Pros the same day in Toronto, losing 5–4. Lindsay, Pitre and Vair, having played with Edmonton for the challenge, would sign after the exhibition game with Renfrew of the Federal League. The players would help Renfrew to the FHL championship.
After the season, Ottawa took over the Cup, but a series against the Winnipeg Shamrocks could not be arranged and no challenge was played. (The Shamrocks would fold before the next season and never played a challenge series.) Challenges from Renfrew of the Federal Hockey League and Cobalt of the Timiskaming League were disallowed when the Stanley Cup trustees ruled that the players on Renfrew and Cobalt were ineligible, having joined their teams after January 2.
Post-season exhibition
Ottawa and the Montreal Wanderers played a two-game series at the St. Nicholas Rink in New York on March 12 and March 13. Ottawa won the first game 6–4, and the second game was tied 8–8.
Schedule and results
Player statistics
Goaltending averages
Leading scorers
Stanley Cup engraving
The 1909 Stanley Cup was presented by the trophy's trustee William Foran.
The following Ottawa Hockey Club players and staff were members of the Stanley Cup winning team.
1909 Ottawa Hockey Club Senators
See also
1909 FHL season
List of pre-NHL seasons
List of ice hockey leagues
List of Stanley Cup champions
References
Notes
Bibliography
Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Triumph Books, 12, 48. .
ECHA
Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association seasons |
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