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Celmisia saxifraga, commonly known as the small snowdaisy, is a perennial herb in the Asteraceae family. It is native to Tasmania and Victoria, where it grows in alpine grasslands above the snowline. Description Like other members of the Asteraceae family, C. saxifraga has a composite flower head with both disk and ray florets. Inflorescence are a typical daisy arrangement with white outsides and a yellow centre. The entire inflorescence can be 3 cm across, and is often held well above the rosette on a hairy stem growing to 15 cm. The fruit is small, hard, and dry, similar to a sunflower seed. This is often called an achene, but in Asteraceae is more accurately called a cypsela. The primary difference between the two being that a cypsela is a single fruit formed from two ovaries (as in C. saxifraga) while an achene describes a fruit formed from a single ovary. The leaves of C. saxifraga are simple and entire, growing to 3 cm long. They are glaucous silver and hairy. C. saxifraga can be distinguished from the similar and co-occurring C. asteliifolia by its leaves. The leaves of C. saxifraga are shorter (~3 cm) than those of C. asteliifolia (up to 18 cm). Etymology "Saxifraga" is a combination of the Latin words saxum, meaning "stone", and frangere meaning "to break". The name "stone-breaker" is however thought to refer to plant in the genus Saxifraga being used in treating kidney stones. It is unclear whether C. saxifraga is named for breaking rocks or for its similarity to certain Saxifraga species which are also herbaceous and rosette-forming. References saxifraga
Imperia Online is a persistent, browser-based, massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by the Bulgarian game production company Imperia Online JSC. It was originally released on 23 August 2005. Set in a medieval world, Imperia Online is a predominantly militaristic strategy game. Imperia Online has been translated into 30 languages and has over 40 million registered users. The game is currently in its seventh version, but there are still active previous realms (such as Version 5). Gameplay Imperia Online is set in the Medieval times. The current version is 7, although there are still active version 5 realms as well. Each player starts the game as the emperor of an undeveloped Province. The Province can be developed by constructing - and later upgrading – various economic and military buildings amongst which resource-generating buildings as well as universities, used for researching key technologies. Recruiting and training military units allows players to attack other Provinces to plunder their resources, and defend from enemy attacks. Players may trade their resources with other players after they've built a marketplace on their own territory. The Province grows into an empire through territory annexing and colonizing. Players can communicate with each other using in-game messages, and may join alliances for military and economic co-operation with other players. Resources Resources are needed for developing Provinces and training units. Three of them – Wood, Iron and Stone – are produced by resource-generating buildings: Lumber mill, Iron mine and Stone quarry. The resource output can be increased by upgrading the three resource-generating structures, so that new work vacancies are created and, thus, the possibility for increased production. The fourth main resource is Gold. It is used for almost any type of research, military training and building development. It is also the universal currency for buying and selling all three other types of resources. Gold is gathered through taxes, selling resources on the Marketplace, fortress sieges, deposit interests, and as one of the possible rewards from the various caskets awarded in the game. There are also the so-called 'Special resources' that can be found throughout the realm. There are more than 50 types of special resources and their main purpose is granting bonuses to various in-game statistics like resource production, military units, experience gain, etc. Buildings There are 29 structures that can be built and upgraded in the capital. Buildings are constructed and upgraded through a main building, called Town hall. The Town hall is the building every player starts the game with. The two main types of buildings are separated in tabs 'Economy' and 'Military'. Each building has a special function. For example, the two universities that make possible the development of Military and Economic technologies. Provinces Each Province starts as a single village that the player takes control of. Through building, research and battle progression the Province grows on the Global map, later annexing territories that turn into provinces of the original one, known as a Capital by that time. The development of the provinces is similar to what the player has gone through with the capital – buildings have to be built and upgraded, the population has to be predisposed to growing and kept happy and the resources and military units can be used by the entire Province. There are some disadvantages that provinces have compared to the Capital: universities for example can't be constructed on Province territory, same goes for the Palace, Headquarters, Gubernatorial headquarters, Bank, Wonders and so on. Colonization is one of the ways to expand your Empire's territory on the Global map. Alliances The Alliances in Imperia Online are groups of players sharing their own strategy with each other. Alliance members donate resources into the alliance treasury, which are used for researching technologies, waging wars, building alliance holdings, cultural and military influence expansion, etc. Allies can support each other in an economic and military way via gold transfer module. Alliances are ranked in a separate ranking based thoroughly on the total sum of all members’ net worth points. Battles Imperia Online's battle system is rich and complex, despite being built with five main types of military units only. The five main categories of units are Swordsmen, Spearmen, Archers, Cavalry and Siege Engines. The battle system requires skill, tactical thinking and the usage of the correct battle formation, as each battle's outcome is determined automatically upon the impact and the armies cannot be controlled directly. There are three types of attacks: Field Battle, Fortress Siege and Pillage. The first one sends the troops to fight only with the opponent's field army, without sieging the Fortress or pillaging the civil population. The only profit for the attacker are military points for slashing enemy units and honor points. Fortress siege is conducted after a successful Field battle for the attacker. A successful Fortress siege loots resources. If the player chooses Pillage, their troops engage the opponent's civil population. Gold is earned for every killed villager. It's punished with Honor drop. The Great People The Great People feature was introduced with the eponymous Version 6 of the game. It added the concept of Noblemen – the Emperor and his court, which can gain experience and level up in two distinct disciplines. The Governor skills generally boost the resource and troop production in a province, while General skills improve your battle capabilities. Furthermore, each of the Great People comes with their own inborn talents, and a careful selection of one's Emperor's hereditary line allows you to always keep the crown in the hands of the most suitable people. In 2018 Dungeons were introduced in the game. If a battle is lost by the player there is a chance their general to be captured by the opposite army. Winning the Realm Since the start of the version 5 of the game the winner of the Realm was determined by the Alliance competition. During that competition the alliances were trying to conquer the castles and control the influence these castles were projecting. At least 60% influence of the entire Global map territory for a set number of hours (depending on the speed of the Realm) were required, so a victory could be secured. After the Alliance winner in the competition had been determined, the era was finished. As of 2016 all the eras in all realms of Imperia Online finish on a fixed date, announced in front by the game system. The winner of the Realm is the Alliance that has the highest percentage of influence up to that final date or the highest allied net worth points value, if no one has influence. Global Events The Global Events are epic challenges which Imperia Online offers to its players. The colossal structures have appeared for the first time in Version 6 and require an enormous amount of skill to be defeated. The Dark Fortress, The Skull of Wonders, The Tower of Knowledge and The Eternal Castle are just part of the events, which unite entire realms to conquer them. Hall of Fame In 2018 Hall of Fame was introduced. The feature contains the history of all eras in all realms of Imperia Online in the last decades. Each visitor of the main page is able to browse the game's entire history and see who were the top performing players and alliances even for a specific realm. Development In January 2005, the idea for the game is conceived by Dobroslav Dimitrov, who is responsible for the game design, and Moni Dochev, responsible for the coding on the project. On August 23, Imperia Online's Realm 1 goes live. In 2006, Version 2 and Version 3 realms launched simultaneously, running parallel with V1 and offering alternative rules and gameplay to cater to different player tastes. The game was translated in 12 languages, not in small part thanks to the efforts of Community Managers appointed from among the Imperia Online player ranks. The first Imperia Online tournament is held. In 2008, another upgrade is launched: Version 4, which serves as a prototype of Version 5. With even more complex and enriched gameplay, V4 would also later receive a significant visual upgrade, dubbed Version 4A. The same year, in the V4 realms, the very first of the emblematic Nomad Invasions tournaments is introduced. In 2010, Version 5, Age of Conquest, is launched. It introduces new visuals and features, chief amongst them – the addition of a second playable race, the Nomads. In 2011, the Nomad Invasions tournament, with customized rules, comes to the Age of Conquest realms. Also, for the first time the Imperia Online World Cup is held. In 2012, the first Tactical Realm and Mega Blitz realms are implemented, offering an additional challenge for experienced players. Imperia Online V5 launches on iOS. Imperia Online World Cup 2012 is held. In 2013, Imperia Online is integrated in the largest Russian social network, Odnoklassniki. The last IO World Cup based on Version 5 is held. Version 5 is integrated in my.mail.ru and launches on Android. That same year Version 6, The Great People is launched, with complete graphics and usability overhaul, extended and improved mechanics, and new features, chief amongst them – the addition of the eponymous Great People. In 2014, V6 launches on iOS and Android, and is also integrated with Facebook. That same year the game is available on portals such as Yahoo, ProSieben, WildTangent, Grupa Onet and RBK Gаmes. Imperia Online improves the partnership with Mail Ru Group by integrating Version 6 in Odnoklassniki, my.mail.ru and Vkontakte. In 2015, Imperia Online for Windows Phone is published by Game Troopers and featured Xbox title by Microsoft. The game offers new epic challenges with its new Global Events such as The Dark Fortress and The Skull of Wonders. 10th Anniversary of the classical Imperia Online tournament "Nomads Invasions" is held. For the first time, the game has winter outlook at the end of the year. In 2016, a new feature - the Imperial Shop is introduced, where various goods like Experience Boosters, Civil and Military Buildings and Research Time Reduction, Army Strength Upgrades and other exclusive offers can be found. The most challenging Blitz Masters Realm with a ruleset that makes the gameplay extremely competitive is implemented. That same year, Imperia Online is greenlit by the world's largest online platform Steam. Also, the first Imperia Online Olympic Tournament - Summer Games 2016 is held. In 2017, Imperia Online is published by Play 3arabi under the name of Kingdoms Online, available on both iOS and Android, fully localized in Arabic and with culturally customized content, including game soundtrack and art. That same year, Imperia Online integrates ClanPlay - a messaging app, that allows players to communicate, plan their strategies, recruit newcomers, engage in diplomacy with other clans, and share their accomplishments. Tournaments Imperia Online holds various tournaments. So far there have been 8 types of tournaments: Nomad Invasions, Champions League, Castle Conquest, Dominion Rush, Imperial Olympics - Summer and Winter Games and World Cup. References 2005 video games Android (operating system) games Browser games IOS games Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy games Browser-based multiplayer online games Video games developed in Bulgaria Windows games Windows Phone games Imperia Online JSC games
The 1924 Memorial Cup final was the sixth junior ice hockey championship of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. The George Richardson Memorial Trophy champions Owen Sound Greys of the Ontario Hockey Association in Eastern Canada competed against the Abbott Cup champions Calgary Canadians of the Calgary City Junior Hockey League in Western Canada. In a two-game, total goal series, held at Shea's Amphitheatre in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Owen Sound won their 1st Memorial Cup, defeating Calgary 7 goals to 5. Scores Game 1: Owen Sound 5-3 Calgary Game 2: Calgary 2-2 Owen Sound Winning roster Dutch Cain, George Elliott, Bev Flairity, Ted Graham, Butch Keeling, H. Silverthorne, Headley Smith, Cooney Weiland, Shorty Wright. Coach: E.T. Hicks References External links Memorial Cup Canadian Hockey League Mem 1924 Memorial Cup Ice hockey in Winnipeg
Eddie or Eddy may refer to: Science and technology Eddy (fluid dynamics), the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle Eddie (text editor), a text editor originally for BeOS and now ported to Linux and Mac OS X Arts and entertainment Eddie (film), a 1996 film about basketball starring Whoopi Goldberg Eddie (soundtrack), the soundtrack to the film Eddy (film), a 2015 Italian film "Eddie" (Louie), a 2011 episode of the show Louie Eddie (shipboard computer), in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Eddy (Ed, Edd n Eddy), a character on Ed, Edd n Eddy Eddie (mascot), the mascot for the British heavy metal band Iron Maiden Eddie, an American Cinema Editors award for best editing Eddie (book series), a book series by Viveca Lärn Half of the musical duo Flo & Eddie "Eddie", a song from the Rocky Horror Picture Show "Eddie" (song), a 2022 song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers Places United States Eddy, Alabama, an unincorporated community Eddy, Illinois, an unincorporated community Eddy, Indiana, an unincorporated community Eddy, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community Big Eddy, Kentucky, an unincorporated community Eddy County, New Mexico Eddy County, North Dakota Mount Eddy, California Eddy Creek (Kentucky), a stream Eddy Creek (Lackawanna River), a stream in Pennsylvania Elsewhere Eddy Island, Nunavut, Canada Island Eddy, in Galway Bay, Ireland Eddy Col, Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica Eddy Point, King George Island, Antarctica Eddie (crater), a crater on Mars People Eddy (surname) Eddie (given name) Other uses Eddy-class coastal tanker (1953), a former British Royal Fleet Auxiliary class The Eddie or Quiksilver Big Wave Invitational in Memory of Eddie Aikau, a surfing tournament See also Eddy current, a phenomenon caused by a moving magnetic field intersecting a conductor or vice versa Eddy covariance, a statistical method used in meteorology Eddy Test, administered by the US Navy and Marine Corps during and after World War II Edie (disambiguation) Edy (disambiguation)
Mafersa S.A. is a Brazilian manufacturer of passenger rail cars, buses and trolleybuses, and related components. It was founded in 1944 and was located in the city of São Paulo. At the end of 1997 it became a subsidiary of Alstom. Most of its customers were in Brazil. However, export orders included, in 1990–92, 38 stainless-steel push-pull commuter rail cars for the Virginia Railway Express (10 control cars [cab-equipped trailers] and 28 trailers) and 256 metro-car bodyshells for the Chicago Transit Authority (as a subcontractor to Morrison-Knudsen). In the mid-1980s the company built more than 270 metro cars for Rio de Janeiro and more than 400 for São Paulo, and these were built under license from the Budd Company. In addition to building new rail vehicles, Mafersa also carried out overhauls of existing rail cars. In 1997, Mafersa was acquired by Alstom. A subsidiary of Alstom keeping the same name, Mafersa SA, continued producing rail vehicle components (such as wheels and axles), while manufacturing of rail cars also continued but now under the name, "Alstom Transporte do Brazil S.A." Alstom sold the technology and license of Mafersa SA to MWL Brasil Rodas & Eixos Ltda. in November 1999, and this company continued making rail-vehicle components, initially under the Mafersa name. Buses Mafersa entered the field of bus manufacturing in 1985, with development of a bus chassis and a monocoque (or integral) trolleybus. Production of trolleybuses lasted only from 1986 until 1988 and was relatively small, totalling only 85 vehicles, of which 84 were two-axle vehicles and one was articulated. Between the start of production in 1985/86 and 1988 more than 600 diesel buses had been delivered to various cities. See also Trolleybuses in Santos Trolleybuses in São Paulo References External links MWL Brasil website Manufacturing companies based in São Paulo Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Brazil Rolling stock manufacturers of Brazil Electric vehicle manufacturers of Brazil Trolleybus manufacturers Alstom 1944 establishments in Brazil Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1944 1997 mergers and acquisitions Bus manufacturers of Brazil Budd Company
Jason Sandbrink White (born May 9, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, he now resides in Nashville. He began his career as the lead vocalist and songwriter for The Janglers, a Cleveland-based rock band, then as the frontman for Jason White and the Dying Breed. He later moved to Nashville where he continues his career as a solo artist and songwriter. White has released four solo albums, Shades of Gray (2000), Tonight's Top Story (2004), The Longing (2011), and Journal (2013). He tours throughout the U.S. and is a regular performer at songwriters’ festivals. He is also known for writing "Red Rag Top", a controversial hit song for country artist Tim McGraw, as well as compositions for other artists including Carrie Underwood, Old Crow Medicine Show, and Liam Titcomb. Early life Jason White was the second child of Keith Ernsberger White (1930–2012, architect) and Leatrice Alonzo White (1923–2013, interior designer). White began playing guitar at the age of seven and wrote his first song at 12. He fronted several local garage bands in his Cleveland Heights, Ohio neighborhood during his elementary school years. At University School in the seventh grade, he met John Treadway (born June 19, 1967) who also played guitar. The two formed a partnership and began performing as Treadway and White in school talent shows, local cafes, and house parties. After attending college for one year, White dropped out of Middlebury College and Treadway left Yale University so the two could pursue their musical interests. The Janglers/Jason White and the Dying Breed After their first year in college, Jason White and John Treadway moved to Austin, Texas with another high school friend, John "Sonny" Miller, who played bass guitar. The three worked restaurant jobs and played at local bars while honing their musical chops and writing songs. They returned to Cleveland in November 1987, added David Blackwelder on drums and named themselves the Brainbell Janglers, after a line from The Rolling Stones' song "Midnight Rambler." They began performing at local nightclubs in the Cleveland area, and almost instantly were drawing capacity crowds at Peabody's Café, the Euclid Tavern, the Greenville Inn, and Peabody's Downunder among others. They shortened the group's name to The Janglers, and in 1988 released the first of their two albums, Sweet Providence. The album received positive reviews from local and national critics, who repeatedly compared The Janglers’ sound to that of The Band. After replacing Blackwelder with drummer Will Douglas and adding keyboardist Henry Bruner, the Janglers began touring Midwestern college towns, playing at bars and fraternity parties and developing strong fan bases in towns throughout Ohio, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, and New York. More personnel changes occurred during the next five years. Eric Meany replaced Bruner on keyboards in 1989. John Treadway, White's best friend and longtime partner, left the band in early 1990 and was replaced by guitarist Jack Silverman. Treadway had struggled with depression for several years and committed suicide on April 21, 1990. Meany's New Orleans-style piano playing and Silverman's deft guitar improvisation took the Janglers’ sound in a more jam-oriented direction, and the band's second album Circuit Ride (1991) was often compared by critics to the music of Little Feat and The Allman Brothers Band. White wrote all the songs on the album, and was recognized by journalists as a songwriter fluent in varied musical styles. The Janglers continued to tour constantly and opened shows for Phish, Widespread Panic, The Radiators, Toad the Wet Sprocket, Hot Tuna, and The Dickey Betts Band among others. They served as the backing band for Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee Bo Diddley on two separate occasions. The Janglers performed their song "Ties That Bind" on the television show Star Search on April 20, 1991. The Janglers disbanded in 1993, after which White moved to a secluded cabin in Waite Hill, Ohio, where he lived for six months and wrote songs. The songs he composed during this period caught the attention of Clay Bradley, an artist-publisher relations executive at Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) in Nashville. White formed a new band, Jason White and the Dying Breed, and began making trips to Nashville where he recorded demos of his new songs at Bradley's Barn, owned by Clay Bradley's grandfather, the renowned producer Owen Bradley. Those demos were sent to major record labels and led to a contract with Universal Records for White as a solo artist. White teamed up with producer John Simon (The Band, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Simon and Garfunkel) and recorded an album entitled Confessions on the Overpass (1997). A shakeup in the corporate structure of Universal resulted in the firing of White's A&R representatives and the album was never released. White relocated to Nashville in 1998. Solo career After severing ties with Universal Records, White recorded a new album at Bradley's Barn, this time working with producer and bassist Viktor Krauss. White extended his range as an instrumentalist for the project, adding piano, organ and xylophone tracks along with his usual guitar work. The resulting album, Shades of Gray (2000), received high praise from critics and the songs "Average Joe" and "At The Alibi" were placed in rotation on several AAA radio stations, notably Nashville's WRLT Lightning 100 FM. Bradley, meanwhile, had taken an A&R position at Acuff-Rose Music Publishing, and he signed White to a publishing deal. White toured in support of Shades, including regular performances at: Nashville's Exit/In, the Bluebird Café, and 12th and Porter; New York City's the Lion's Den; and the Beachland Ballroom in Cleveland. In 2002, an independent song plugger heard White's song "Red Rag Top" on Lightning 100. She purchased a copy of White's album and gave it to country artist Tim McGraw, who recorded "Red Ragtop" for his 2002 release Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors. The song's lyrics, which touched on the topic of abortion, proved too risqué for some radio programmers, and the song was pulled from the playlists of some major country radio stations. The ensuing controversy made headlines in USA Today, The Tennessean, the Cleveland Plain Dealer and other newspapers. White was interviewed by Paula Zahn on CNN where he defended the song as a simple true-to-life love story. Despite the negative reaction of some radio programmers and listeners, the song rose to No. 5 on the Billboard country singles chart.[c] In 2013, the song appeared in the Paramount Pictures movie "The Guilt Trip." White followed up in 2004 with Tonight's Top Story, which was also well received by the music press and garnered AAA radio airplay. The album was produced by Viktor Krauss and re-established White as a mordant storyteller and a capable tunesmith. After a seven-year hiatus during which White was married and divorced, he released The Longing in 2011. Produced by White and Roger Moutenot (Yo La Tengo, Josh Rouse, Jessie Baylin), the album presents a softer, early-1970s pop style and an emphasis on love songs, rather than White's typically more challenging subject matter. White's label, Better Angels Music, simultaneously released a video for the song "Perfect Stranger," which was filmed in Paris by director Don Julien. In 2013, White released Journal, a two-disc compilation of some of his best known songs. The album includes the song "Little Pieces of Plastic," which was chosen by the Occupy Movement to appear on its 2012 release Occupy This Album. White continues to be a regular performer in the multi-media show Freedom Sings, written and directed by Ken Paulson, president of the Freedom Forum and former editor-in-chief of USA Today. The show is a critically acclaimed musical tribute to the First Amendment and has toured throughout the U.S. White has been a participant since 2003. Awards For "Red Ragtop," White received a BMI Award, a BMI Million-Air Award, and Music Row's Song of the Year Award for 2003. Discography Albums The Janglers Sweet Providence (1988), SPI Records Circuit Ride (1991), Maya Records Jason White Shades of Gray (2001), Hanging Vines Music Tonight's Top Story (2004), Hanging Vines Music The Longing (2011), Better Angels Records Journal (2013), Hanging Vines Music Songwriting References External links 1967 births Living people Singer-songwriters from Ohio Musicians from Cleveland American male singer-songwriters American folk singers American folk guitarists American male guitarists Guitarists from Ohio 20th-century American guitarists 20th-century American male musicians
Taoa is a village in Wallis and Futuna. It is located in Alo District on the southern coast of Futuna Island. Its population according to the 2018 census was 480 people. References Populated places in Wallis and Futuna
George Heinemann (9 December 1918 – 21 August 1996) was an American television producer. He was a recipient of Peabody Award which he received for producing children-related programming in 1971. Career In 1971, he received the Peabody Award. He also received Emmy Award nominations; for NBC Children's Theatre in 1966 and Tut: The Boy King in 1978. Notable work Ding Dong School Take a Giant Step Watch Your Child/The Me Too Show References 1918 births 1996 deaths American television producers
Leptobrachium banae is a species of amphibian in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Laos, Vietnam, and possibly Cambodia. Its type locality is Ko Rong village, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. This species was discovered by Bahnar hunters and is largely brown with red-orange spots on the back and bright red and black stripes on its limbs. References banae Amphibians described in 1998 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Lamezia Terme (), commonly called Lamezia, is an Italian city and comune of 70,452 inhabitants (2013), in the province of Catanzaro in the Calabria region. Geography Lamezia is located on the eastern border of the coastal plain commonly called Piana di Sant'Eufemia, which was created by drying a wide marshy area. The municipality borders with Conflenti, Curinga, Falerna, Feroleto Antico, Gizzeria, Maida, Martirano Lombardo, Nocera Terinese, Platania, San Pietro a Maida and Serrastretta. History The municipality of Lamezia Terme was formally created on 4 January 1968. Its territory includes those of the former municipalities of Nicastro, Sambiase and Sant'Eufemia Lamezia. Nicastro Nicastro's origins trace back to the 9th century, when Calabria was part of the Byzantine Empire, when a fortress called Neo Castrum ("New Castle") was created. A great Benedictine abbey, St. Eufemia, was founded here in 1062 by the Norman count Robert Guiscard. It was for a long time a fief of the Caracciolo family and, later, to the D'Aquino. The city was nearly destroyed after an earthquake in 1638 (more than 100 inhabitants died), and the abbey was turned into ruin. The castle, built by the Normans and enlarged by Emperor Frederick II and the Angevine kings, crumbled down. Floods and a further earthquake followed in the 18th century. Until the 18th century, in Nicastro and its surroundings sericulture was a very widespread and prosperous activity, so much so that five thousand pounds of raw silk were produced every year. According to the historian Giuseppe Maria Galanti, at the end of the 18th century, sericulture alongside the cultivation of mulberry trees for the breeding of silkworms were still practiced, however there was a remarkable decline in the production. Nicastro experienced the highest rate of emigration during the late 19th and the early 20th century (some 8,000 citizens), as well as after the Second World War. Sambiase The baths of Sambiase are mentioned in the Roman itinerary Tabula Peutingeriana, indicating the village was an important destination of the time. A library edition of the map is kept at the Lamezia Terme Town Library in Lamezia Terme in its historical and specialist section, the Casa del Libro Antico (House of the Ancient Book). The thermal baths of Sambiase were a great and famous place of comfort and rest for wayfarers, soldiers, and messengers. In the ancient times they were called "Aque Ange". The Romans knew Sambiase by the name of Turres, or "towers", after the two observation towers situated there. But Sambiase already existed during the ancient Greek period, first with the name of Melea (here they are placed in fact its ancient boundaries), and then Terina (of which numerous coins have been found again in the fraction Acquafredda and also the Sant'Eufemia Treasure preserved in the British Museum). With the fall of the ancient Roman empire, Turres was abandoned and devastated by the Ostrogoths. Byzantine monks who escaped to Calabria from Sicily in the 7th century helped Sambiase become an exporter of farm products. The monks erected numerous monasteries, including that of St. Blase, from which the city's name derived, and taught the farmers to read and write. They developed alliances with great Byzantine cities in Taranto, Naples, and Gaeta, Italy, and Greece and Turkey. Thanks to their work, Sambiase succeeded in exporting its own products, including olives, grapes, corn, and wheat to the whole empire. They formed numerous orthodox monasteries and churches, such as the Sts. Forty Martyrs, Saint Sophia, and St. Constantine, important centers of culture comparable to the great European courts. By the 10th century, Sambiase had numerous churches, of which today only five remain. Norman adventurer Robert Guiscard and his brother, Roger I of Sicily, stopped at the thermal baths together with their team of soldiers during the difficult attempt to conquer Calabria. After the Norman conquest of Calabria and Sicily, Sambiase became home to an important and famous Norman university and was among the preferred places of the Norman sovereigns such as the Guiscards, King Frederick II and Manfred, King of Sicily, who also strengthened the power of some abbeys of Sambiase, such as St. Constantine. With the Aragonese kingdom, Sambiase strengthened its own influence on the central government of Naples. Many students of the ancient university gained important court positions as mathematicians, astronomers and chamberlains. Sambiase was a most important place for the Spanish and Italian economy. Main point was the strictness and the share of Sambiase to the Italian wars of independence. Notable figures born in Sambiase include the politician Giovanni Nicotera, the philosopher Francesco Fiorentino, and the poet [Franco Costabile]. Sant'Eufemia Lamezia The current Sant'Eufemia Lamezia corresponds to the ancient city location. The most ancient settlement was the Greek city of Terina, whose ruins were excavated in 1997. The city of Terina is linked to the myth of Ligea, one of the three Sirens of Homer's Odyssey. Ancient coins have been found, on which Ligea's face is imprinted, in some she is sitting on a stone, while playing ball and in others she appears filling an amphora with the water, coming out of a lion's mouth. Other material evidence of the presence of an ancient settlement in the area of Sant'Eufemia dates back to 1865, when a gold diadem and a treasure of jewels of the 4th century BC were found by chance. At the end of the same century, it was sold to the British Museum of London, where it is still preserved today. Sant'Eufemia Lamezia (nowadays Sant'Eufemia Vetere) was created upon a hill not long after the 1638 earthquake. The current quarter was built in the Fascist era after the drying of a marshy area. Economy Agriculture Lamezia Terme has a deep-rooted agricultural tradition, known for the production of different varieties of typical Mediterranean crops. The most popular productions are: the olive tree, mainly of the Carolea variety, from which the Lametia DOP olive oil with a typical strong taste is produced; the grape vine, from which excellent wines are produced including six Lamezia DOC wines: Lamezia white, Lamezia rosato, Lamezia red, Lamezia novello, Lamezia red reserve and Lamezia Greco; chestnut and beech; various herbaceous plants such as wheat, oats and maize; different species of citrus fruits, including the renowned clementines of Calabria PDO. Industry The "Papa Benedetto XVI" industrial area covers an area of about 1,100 hectares and is the largest of the South after the one in Bagnoli. The typical industry produces local red clay pottery. Main sights The Castle is today an ensemble of ruins occupying the summit of a hill high. It was built, according to some scholars, by the Bruttii or by Greek colonists. The current structure dates probably from the Norman domination, although some structure existed at the time of the Ostrogoth king Teia. In 1122 Pope Callixtus II resided here for 15 days. Later, the castle was enlarged by Constance of Hauteville and his son Frederick II, as well as by the Angevines. The castle was heavily damaged by the earthquakes of 1609, 1638 and 1783, and subsequently abandoned. The San Teodoro old district is the heart of Nicastro's historic centre: the alleys lead to numerous little churches, finally culminating in the remains of the Norman-Swabian castle, in the highest part of the town. This spot offers a view towards the Gulf of Saint Euphemia. The Bastion of the Knights of Malta is a massive, well-preserved watchtower built in 1550 by the Spanish viceroy of Naples Pedro de Toledo. It was assigned to the Knights, who had a fief in the neighbourhood. Ruins of several other watchtowers are in the area. Near Sant'Eufemia, the ruins of the Cistercian abbey of Santa Maria di Corazzo can be seen. It was founded around 1060. Joachim of Fiore was an abbot here, and Bernardino Telesio wrote many of his philosophical works here in 1554. The Lametino Archaeological Museum houses archaeological finds from surveys, excavations and fortuitous discoveries carried out in the so-called Lamezia plain. The Museum is divided into three sections: Prehistoric, Classical and Medieval. One of the most important finds is an ancient Greek red-figure hydria of the 4th century BC, depicting a gynaeceum scene. D'Ippolito Palace, in Nicastro, is one of the most famous buildings of Lamezia Terme, which was built around 1763, when nobleman Felice d'Ippolito acquired a number of buildings. The 18th century complex is an expression of the late southern Baroque. Designed to respond the need for representation and domestic life, the architectural complex has four horizontal levels and specific detached premises. The palace stands out for its architectural quality and conservation. It features a rich stucco decoration of the facade, which in some way assimilates with Austrian and Hungarian architecture. The entrance hall depicts the heraldic coat of arms of the Ippolito family. The Bronze Statue of King Frederick II as he handles the falcon, with his face and the index pointed towards the ruins of the Norman Swabian castle, symbol of the political and administrative power that the city had during his reign. The abbey of the 40 Martyrs (Lamezia Terme - Sambiase), created in the 9th-10th century, is still active. The Diocesan Museum houses an Arab-Norman ivory case (12th century), paintings of 17th-18th centuries and other works. Eco-museum of Lamezia Terme in Sambiase. The Textile Museum of Lamezia Terme collects tools linked to the ancient craft of weaving, hosts an exhibition space and a workshop. There are numerous churches of Sambiase di Lamezia Terme. The most important is Saint Pancrazio's church where there are some of Mattia Preti's pictures, fantastic statues and frescoes. It was a symbol of the new Sambiase in the 18th century. People Francesco Fiorentino, philosopher Felice Natalino, footballer Giovanni Nicotera, patriot and politician Carlo Rambaldi, special effects expert Transport The central location of Lamezia Terme in Calabria has made it the main transport hub of the region. The city is situated adjacent to the A2 Salerno-Reggio Calabria Motorway, and the state road 288 runs to Catanzaro from Lamezia. The central railway station, on the main line leading from Reggio to Naples, is a major terminal for goods traffic. Secondary branches connect to Catanzaro and Crotone. Lamezia is the site of the Lamezia Terme International Airport, built in 1976. The airport has both national and international connections. See also List of cities in Italy by population Calabrian wine Vigor Lamezia References External links Historic portal of Lamezia Terme Cities and towns in Calabria
Robert Lee Thompson (born September 9, 1962) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the Denver Broncos. He played college football at Youngstown State University. References Living people Youngstown State Penguins football players 1962 births American football wide receivers Denver Broncos players
Scaphura is a Neotropical genus of bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae. Some of the species within Scaphura are Batesian mimics of wasps, for example the type species, Scaphura nigra, is a polymorphic Batesian mimic of wasps of the genus Pepsis and Entypus (Pompilidae) and the potter wasps Polistes (Vespidae). The genus is restricted to South America. Another genus of Neotropical phaneropterine bush crickets, Aganacris, also are Batesian mimics of wasps. Species The following species are included on Scaphura: Scaphura argentina (Hebard, 1931) Scaphura conspurcata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Scaphura denuda Guérin-Méneville & Percheron, 1836 Scaphura edwardsii Westwood, 1828 Scaphura elegans (Serville, 1838) Scaphura fasciata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Scaphura infuscata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 Scaphura lefebvrei (Brullé, 1835) Scaphura marginata (Walker, 1869) Scaphura nigra (Thunberg, 1824) Scaphura obscurata (Stoll, 1813) References Tettigoniidae genera Taxa named by William Kirby (entomologist) Phaneropterinae
Peravurani is a panchayat town in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of the Peravurani Taluk and Peravurani (State Assembly Constituency). It is declared as Selection Grade Town Panchayat. Geography Peravurani is located at . It has an average elevation of 16 metres (52 feet). This town lies in the new delta region of River Cauvery. This region is irrigated from the water source of Kallanai Kalvai and its distributories.(Canals built by the British to carry water from Grand Anaicut to this region). This area mostly consists of riverine alluvium, red loam, lateritic and black soil types in which the alluvial soil being the predominant type. Peravurani is about 370 km south of Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu. 26 Kilometers North East of Aranthangi and at a distance of 75 Kilometers from Thanjavur. Pattukkottai is the nearest big town at a distance of 30 kilometers from Peravurani on the highway to Thanjavur. In the west side, Pudukkottai town is located at a distance of 51 km. Perumagalur and Keeramangalam are the nearest Town Panchayats to Peravurani. Temperature in Thanjavur district varies between 37.48 degree Celsius and 20.82 degree Celsius. Rainfall during North East Monsoon varies between 545.7mm and 953.2 mm and during South West Monsoon it varies between 342.0 and 303.1 mm. Demographics At the 2001 India census, Peravurani has a population of 21045 as per 2001 census and having male population of 10327 and female population of 10718. Males constituted 49% of the population and females 51%. Peravurani has shown a growth rate of 22 percent between 1981 and 1991 whereas it has shown a high growth percentage of 151% between 1991 and 2001 mainly due to increase in its jurisdiction area from 6.8 Sq. km to 18.7 Sq. km. The growth of population and decade variation from the year 1981. As per the religious census of 2011, Hinduism is majority religion in Peravurani with 83.45% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in town of Peravurani with approximately 9.98% following it. In Peravurani Town, Christianity is followed by 6.52%, Jainism by 0.00%, Sikhism by 0.00% and Buddhism by 0.00%. Around 0.0% stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.05% stated 'No Particular Religion'. Economy Agriculture is the main economy of this region. rice is extensively grown here and is the staple of this people. paddy, groundnuts, bananas and sugarcane are the major crops in the region. This area is the highest producer of coconut in the state. Coir industry is also an important livelihood of people here due to the large generation of coconut value added products. From here banana, gingelly, sugarcane, groundnuts and coconuts are exported domestically and internationally. Dairy products are also a major source of income in this region. The nearby village Mavadukurichi is known for its rich dairy products.everyday this village yields a large volume buffalo milk that is being distributed to other villages. People in this area are very much addicted to sea food that is brought from nearby coastal towns such as Mallipattinam, Adirampattinam, Sethubavachatram and Muthupet by road to the Peravurani town fish market. At the time of the summer when all the lakes dry-up with fresh water fish for commercial business. Since agriculture is extensively practiced only agrarian based industries are common in this region. Industries like Shrimp farming are also booming on the coastal sides of Sethubavachatram. Which accelerates the sea based industries like Fishing Net production. There are a lot of Fishing Net production units working for the purpose of fishery businesses. However Peravurani has no major industries in operation. OPAL Energy Solution (P) Ltd and R.G.Fibers are the only two notable factories in operation in this area. Administration Peravurani is the Selection Grade Town Panchayat Town. It was constituted as Town Panchayat on 04, June 1951 by the Tamil Nadu Government order No. 1118/LA. Peravurani also declared as headquarters of the Peravurani Taluk and Peravurani (State Assembly Constituency). The Peravurani Town Panchayat has 18 wards and there is an elected councillor for each of those wards. The functions of the Town Panchayat are devolved into six departments. Namely General Administration/Personnel, Engineering, Revenue/Taxing, Public Health, City Planning and Information Technology (IT). All these departments are under the control of a Town Panchayat Executive Officer who is the executive head of the Town. The legislative powers are vested in a body of 18 members, one each from the 18 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected Town President assisted by a Deputy Town President. Politics Leaders from Peravurani have been dominated in both Tamil Nadu and Indian politics. Especially different individuals from different political parties were worked in many prestigious designations. Peravurani Assembly Constituency Peravurani assembly seat was created from Pattukkottai Assembly constituency on 1967. Peravurani is the headquarters of Peravurani (State Assembly Constituency). It elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years from 1967. Peravurani selected 12 members to Tamil Nadu State Assembly till the date. Election results The Member of legislative assembly of Peravurani (State Assembly Constituency) after the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election is N. Ashokkumar from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party. Notable people Political leaders M. R. Govindan is an Indian politician and former minister and member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. Who born and brought up in Mudachikadu Village of Peravurani Taluk. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam candidate from Peravurani (state assembly constituency) in the 1977, 1980, and 1984 state assembly elections. who is the only person who selected as MLA from Peravurani assembly constituency in consecutive three terms. A. Vairavan Servai is a senior Indian politician and former Member of parliament, Lok Sabha who was born and brought up in Kundamaraikadu Village of Peravurani Taluk. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency) as an Indian National Congress candidate in the 1957 general elections. Kuzha. Chellaiya is an Indian politician and member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. Who born and brought up in Mudhukadu Village of Peravurani Taluk. Who worked in both major political parties of Tamil Nadu, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in different times. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Independent candidate from Peravurani (state assembly constituency) in the 1971 state assembly elections. Who is the only Independent candidate, elected as Member of legislative assembly from Peravurani assembly constituency. V. Vairava Devar is a senior Indian politician and former Member of parliament, Lok Sabha who born and brought up in Kundamaraikadu Village of Peravurani Taluk. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency) as an Indian National Congress candidate in the 1962 general elections. S. V. Thirugnana Sambandam is an Indian politician and former member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as a Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) candidate from Peravurani (state assembly constituency) in the year of 1996 and 2001 assembly elections. Activists M. Thangavelanar, who runs a small tea shop near Peravurani bus stand, has been featured in many leading Indian magazines and newspapers by celebrating Thiruvalluvar Day in a special way. He sells tea for one rupee throughout the day to his customers for spread the joy of learning Thirukkural. He continuously works on efforts to get Thirukkural declared as a National Book of India. Cinema personalities Agathiyan is an Indian film director. He has won the National Film Award for Best Direction, National Film Award for Best Screenplay, Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Director, Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Film in 1996 for the Tamil film Kadhal Kottai starred actor Ajithkumar. Who popularly known as Agathiyan belongs to Peravurani. His birth name is Karunanithi, Later he changed his name. He was the first National award winner for Best Direction in Tamil cinema. Dhivyadharshini is a popular host and actress whose father hails from Thennangudi a nearby village of Peravurani. Media personalities Gopinath Chandran is an Indian television anchor, radio jockey, journalist, reporter, news presenter-moderator, entrepreneur, and writer who was born in Peravurani nearby village Kalathur. He is featured on the Vijay TV debate show Neeya Naana. He is popularly known as "Neeya Naana Gobinath". Dhivyadharshini is an Indian television host and actress born in Thennangudi village, Peravurani and brought up in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. She was born to a father Neelakandan and mother Srilatha. Her sister Priyadarshini is also a television host, while her younger brother is an airline pilot. Initially she made her debut as an actress; she featured in supporting roles in films including Kamal Hassan's production Nala Damayanthi (2003). She has regularly been a host for shows on Vijay TV and in 2014, she began hosting Koffee with DD, her own show. V. Thiruselvam is an Indian Tamil television director and actor who was born in Nadiam village, Peravurani. He is known for directing hit serials like, Kolangal and Ethir Neechal and acting in Metti Oli. Education Peravurani has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 63%. In Peravurani, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age as per National Population Census of 2011. As of 2019, there were different private and government running schools and colleges in Peravurani Town. There is around more than 15 government and private running schools and 3 colleges within the town limits. There were well-established institutions such as follows. Government educational institutions Government Boys Higher Secondary School, Peravurani Government Girls Higher Secondary School, Peravurani Government Arts and Science College established in the year of 2013 and inaugurated by former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J.Jayalalithaa on 14 September 2013. Which is affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli. SMR East Coast College of Engineering and Technology. Which situated in the coastal area of Kattumavadi. The engineering institution which, affiliated to Anna University, Chennai Anna University - Pattukkottai Campus, Rajamadam Government High school Kondraikadu-Peravurani Thanjavur-614804 Private educational institutions Sri Venkateshwara Arts and Science College for Women, Peravurani Sri Venkateshwara College of Education, Peravurani Dr. Kalam Polytechnic, Avanam Dr. Kalam College of Pharmacy, Avanam Dr. J.C.Kumarappa Higher Secondary School, Peravurani Muvendar Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Sengamangalam V.R.Veerappa Memorial Higher Secondary School, Koopulikadu Atlantic International School, Veeriyankottai Sri Venkateshwara CBSE, Peravurani August Zion Nursery and Primary School, Peravurani Busy Bees Play School, Peravurani St. Anne's Convent & High School, Athanoor JCK CBSE Vidyalaya,Peravurani. Abacus Training Centre UK Infos (Abacus, Hindi and Vedic Maths Coaching Centre), Peravurani. Transport Peravurani town has been well connected with different parts of Tamil Nadu and other nearby cities. This town connected with different state highways and rail lines. The nearest bus services were available at Peravurani town while the nearest airport is situated 90 kilometers (56 mi) away at Tiruchirapalli. Rail Lines The railway station is located just within the town. It was connected to Thiruthuraipoondi Junction towards north and Karaikkudi Junction towards south. The station was initially built with meter gauge infrastructure and now it converted to broad gauge in the amount of ₹711 crore (US$100 million) sanctioned in 2007–2008. Peravurani train station have three passenger services daily with one express and two passenger trains. Road lines Tamil Nadu State Highway 71 (SH-71) is a State Highway maintained by the Highways Department of Government of Tamil Nadu. It connects Musiri with Sethubhavachathiram via Peravurani. The total length of the SH-71 is 150.69 kilometers (93.63 miles). Climate Peravurani having tropical climate environment, So here when it compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall. The maximum temperature in peravurani is 36 °C and the minimum recorded temperature is 36 °C . The maximum rainfall recorded is averages to 1217 mm. In Peravurani, precipitation is the lowest in February, with an average of 18 mm. In October and November, the precipitation reaches its peak, with an average of 187 mm. In Peravurani, average temperature is 31.3 °C, may is the hottest month at 25.7 °C on average, January is the coldest month. Tourism Manora, an eight storied victory tower built by the Maratha King Serfoji in 1814 to commemorate the victory of the British over Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo, is a well known tourist destination. The name Manora is derived from the minaret meaning small minar. From the top of this tower, one has a panoramic view of the palm-fringed Bay of Bengal. The tower has also served as a lighthouse. Manora is located about 15 km east of Peravurani at Mallipattinam village. See also Peravurani Taluk Peravurani (state assembly constituency) References Cities and towns in Thanjavur district
Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Troy, New York) is a war monument in Monument Square, at Broadway and 2nd Street in Troy, New York, United States. It honors those from Rensselaer County who served in the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812 and the American Civil War. The monument is a contributing object in Central Troy Historic District. Description The monument features a 50-foot granite column crowned by The Call to Arms, a 17-foot bronze statue of the Goddess Columbia.She stands with her foot on a cannon ball, a sword in one hand and a trumpet in the other. The granite base is designed in a vigorous Neo-Grec style. Architectural elements such as scrolls, acroterions and guttae are recognizable, but abstracted. Instead of traditional piers, four buttresses form attached arches that are supported by compressed Byzantine columns. Four slightly-projecting gables support the great column. Three are adorned with a carved laurel wreath encircling a date – "1776," "1812," "1861-65" – and the fourth features the monument's dedication: "To the Men from Rensselaer County who fought for Their Country on Land and Sea." Bronze relief panels on the base depict battle scenes of the Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery. The Navy is represented by a sea battle between ironclad warships – The Monitor and The Merrimack. This has a local connection, the iron plates that covered the USS Monitor were forged in Troy. Bronze plaques list the names of major battles from each war. The monument was designed by the architectural firm of Fuller & Wheeler (1883–97) of Albany, New York. The stone was quarried and fabricated by Frederick & Field of Quincy, Massachusetts. The bronze figure of Columbia was modeled by James E. Kelly, and the bronze relief panels were modeled by Caspar Buberl. The sculpture was cast by the Henri-Bonnard Bronze Company of New York City. The monument was rededicated in September 1991. References External links "The Rensselaer Co. Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument at Troy, N.Y.," The Monumental News, vol. 4, no. 1 (January 1892), p. 19. Soldiers and Sailors Monument from Smithsonian Institution Research Information System The Monument in Monument Square - All Over Albany Buildings and structures in Troy, New York Buildings and structures completed in 1891 Union (American Civil War) monuments and memorials in New York (state)
Aprusia is a genus of goblin spiders in the family Oonopidae, containing eight accepted species. seven species are endemic to Sri Lanka and the other species is endemic to India. Species it contains eight species: Aprusia kataragama Grismado & Deeleman, 2011 — Sri Lanka Aprusia kerala Grismado & Deeleman, 2011 — India Aprusia koslandensis Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2018 — Sri Lanka Aprusia rawanaellensis Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2018 — Sri Lanka Aprusia strenuus Simon, 1893 — Sri Lanka Aprusia vankhedei Ranasinghe & Benjamin, 2018 — Sri Lanka Aprusia veddah Grismado & Deeleman, 2011 — Sri Lanka Aprusia vestigator (Simon, 1893) — Sri Lanka References Oonopidae Araneomorphae genera Spiders of Asia
Revival is the nineteenth studio album of the Christian rock band Petra and their third praise album. It was released on November 20, 2001. Album background Revival was released amidst some major changes for the band. Three members had departed the band, so Bob Hartman decided to return from retirement to help cement the ground for their next album. Also, the band was dropped from their label (Word/Epic) which started a search for a suitable record label to launch their next album. Inpop Records picked the band up and prepared for their next release. It was decided by both the band and producers that the best way to follow was a third praise album. They also decided that, instead of hiring new members, they would stay with remaining core members (John Schlitt, Louie Weaver, Bob Hartman) and use studio musicians for bass and keyboards. The music features a more electric and synthesized sound, using heavy programming and sampling without sacrificing Hartman's guitar sounds or Weaver's rhythm. This is the only album of Petra that does not feature a song written by founder Bob Hartman. Reception The album was well received by audience and critics. John DiBiase, of Jesus Freak Hideout, called the album "a bold and brilliant step" for the band, and gave it 3.5 out of stars. Billboard magazine wrote "the group records songs brilliantly" and called the album "a reminder of why [Petra] will celebrate its 30th anniversary next year". Track listing "Send Revival, Start With Me" (Words by Matt Redman) – 5:29 "The Noise We Make" (Words by Jesse Reeves and Chris Tomlin) – 5:05 "Oasis" (Words by John Hartley and Gary Sadler) – 3:56 "The Prodigal's Song" (Words by Paul Oakley) – 4:16 "Amazing Grace" (Words by Sadler, Hartley and Dwayne Larring) – 4:03 "Jesus, Friend of Sinners" (Words by Oakley) – 3:32 "Better Is One Day" (Words by Redman) – 4:36 "Meet With Me" (Words by Lamont Hiebert) – 3:28 "You Satisfy" (Words by Peter Gross and Ashlee White) – 4:26 "We Want to See Jesus Lifted High" (Words by Doug Horley) – 3:02 "How Long" (Words by Stuart Townend) – 4:06 Personnel Petra John Schlitt – lead vocals, backing vocals Bob Hartman – guitars, additional backing vocals Louie Weaver – drums Additional musicians Jason Halbert – keyboards, programming, additional backing vocals Dwayne Larring – guitars Rick Cua – bass David Larring Kevin Walt David Angell – strings (1) Monisa Angell – strings (1) John Catchings – strings (1) David Davidson – strings (1), string arrangements (1) Production Steve Ford – executive producer Jason Halbert – producer, engineer Dwayne Larring – producer, engineer Marc Chevalier – engineer at The Bennett House, Franklin, Tennessee, The Refuge, Franklin, Tennessee, and House of Bob Studio, Franklin, Tennessee; The Junction, Pasadena, California Bob Hartman – additional engineer David Streit – assistant engineer Jacquire King – mixing at The Refuge, Franklin, Tennessee and EMI Studios, Brentwood, Tennessee Richard Dodd – mastering at Vital Studios, Nashville, Tennessee Dan Lessler – mastering assistant TH – art direction, design, layout Ben Pearson – photography Robin Geary – hair, make-up Dana Salsedo – stylist References 2001 albums Petra (band) albums Inpop Records albums
Francis Marion Taylor (May 9, 1869 - May 22, 1941) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing trainer who trained Nealon and Worth to National Championship honors, the latter winning the 1912 Kentucky Derby. He also trained Charles Edward, a colt that in 1907 set three track records on dirt including a World record. Among Taylor's wins were two editions of the Suburban Handicap which at the time was the richest and most important race in the United States open to older horses. Frank Taylor retired from racing in 1934 after suffering a stroke. He died on May 22, 1941, at his residence in Chicago. Champions American Champion Older Dirt Male Horse (1907) : Nealon American Champion Two-Year-Old Male Horse (1911) : Worth References 1869 births 1941 deaths American horse trainers Sportspeople from Missouri
Nette can refer to: Rivers Nette (Innerste), a river in Lower Saxony, Germany, tributary to the Innerste Nette (Hase), a river in Lower Saxony, Germany, tributary to the Hase Nette (Middle Rhine), a river in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, tributary to the Rhine Nette (Lenne), a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary to the Lenne Nette (Niers), a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary to the Niers Nette (Alme), a river in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, tributary to the Alme Other Nette Framework, a PHP framework for creating web applications Theodor Nette (1895 or 1896 – 1926), a Soviet diplomatic courier of NKID Nette Edel Pils, a German beer brand of the Koblenzer Brauerei Nette, a district of Bockenem, in Lower Saxony, Germany See also Netta (disambiguation) Netti (disambiguation) Nettie (disambiguation) Netty (disambiguation)
Xeroplexa is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicellinae of the family Geomitridae, the hairy snails and their allies. Xeroplexa species were within genus Candidula until a molecular phylogeny revealed the polyphyly of Candidula, and the genus Xeroplexa Monterosato, 1892 was recovered. Distribution The genus is mainly distributed along western Iberian Peninsula, although X. intersecta spreads from northern Iberian Peninsula to central Europe and British Islands. Species Species within the genus Xeroplexa include: Xeroplexa arrabidensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014) Xeroplexa belemensis (Servain, 1880) Xeroplexa carrapateirensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014) Xeroplexa coudensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010) Xeroplexa intersecta (Poiret, 1801) Xeroplexa olisippensis (Servain, 1880) Xeroplexa ponsulensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2014) Xeroplexa scabiosula (Locard, 1899) Xeroplexa setubalensis (Pfeiffer, 1850) type species Xeroplexa strucki (Maltzan, 1886) References Kobelt, W. (1892). Literaturbericht. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 24 (7/8): 149-152. Frankfurt am Main Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017 External links Monterosato, T. A. di. (1892). Molluschi terrestri delle isole adiacenti alla Sicilia. Atti della Reale Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Belle Arti di Palermo. 3rd Series, 2: 1-34 Chueca, L. J., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Madeira, M. J. & Pfenninger, M. (2018). Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 357-368., Gastropod genera
Yahyalı is a municipality and district of Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,587 km2, and its population is 35,481 (2022). It is the southernmost district of the province. The Aladağlar Mountains, a part of the rocky Taurus Mountains, cover the southern part of the district. The river Zamantı passes through it. Mostly covered in forest, the Aladağlar National Park covers and extends into the neighbouring districts of Çamardı (Niğde Province) and Aladağ (Adana Province), although the main part is in Yahyalı. The nearest airport is Kayseri International Airport. History The district was established by Turkish forces led by Seyyid Ali and Yahya Ali (Yahya Gazi who came into Anatolia in the 13th century. The tomb of Seyyid Ali is in the garden of Yahyalı State Hospital while that of Yahya Gazi is in the courtyard of the Yahyalı Grand Mosque (Turkish: Ulu Cami). Yahyalı was affiliated to Kozan until 1926 but became part of Kayseri province after Kozan province became a district in 1926. Composition There are 41 neighbourhoods in Yahyalı District: 100.Yıl 75.Yıl Ağcaşar Avlağa Balcıçakırı Burhaniye Büyükçakır Camikebir Çamlıca Çavdaruşağı Çiğilli Çubukharmanı Çubuklu Delialiuşağı Denizovası Derebağı Dikme Fetullah Fevzi Çakmak Gazibeyli İlyaslı İsmet Kapuzbaşı Karaköy Kavacık Kirazlı Kocahacılı Kopçu Kuzoluk Madazı Mustafabeyli Sazak Senirköy Seydili Süleymanfakılı Taşhan Ulupınar Yenice Yerköy Yeşilköy Yuları Yahyalı Carpets The district of Yahyalı is well known for the hand-woven rugs that used to be produced there. These are characterised by their deep red and blue colours and by the medallions usually placed in the centre. Right through into the early 2000s a carpet market clung to life in Yahyalı town. Çamlıca Çamlıca was a Greek village of the Yahyalı district also known as Pharasa (Φάρασα), Varasos (Βαρασός), Farasa, Faraşa, or Camlica. Until the Greek-Turkish population exchange of 1923, Notable people from Pharasa included Paisius II of Caesarea, Arsenios the Cappadocian, and Paisios of Mount Athos. References External links Yahyalı District Governorship Yahyalıca Yahyalı Municipality Populated places in Kayseri Province Districts of Kayseri Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Chavín de Huántar District is one of sixteen districts of the Huari Province in Peru. Geography The Cordillera Blanca traverses the western part of the district. Some of the highest peaks of the district are listed below: Ethnic groups The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (82.85%) learnt to speak in childhood, 16.71% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census). See also Allpaqucha Yanaqucha References Districts of the Huari Province Districts of the Ancash Region
Jevstatije II (; 1292–d. 1309) was the Archbishop of Serbs from 1292 to 1309. In the times of his two predecessors, Serbia expanded significantly in territory. In 1282, Skoplje (future capital), Polog, Ovče Polje, Zletovo, Pijenac, Kičevo and Debar were conquered. In the north Braničevo and Vidin were taken by 1290. New eparchies were established: Gračanička, Končanska, Limska, Mačvanska, Braničevska, Beogradska and Skopska. The Serbian Orthodox Church venerates him as Saint Jevstatije II on August 16 (August 29, Gregorian calendar). Sources Pakitibija.com, Житије срба светитеља (Lives of the Serbian saints): Свети Јевстатије Други, светитељ - архиепископ (Saint Eustathius Second, saint - archbishop)] 13th-century Serbian people 13th-century Christian saints 13th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops 14th-century Serbian people 14th-century Christian saints 14th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops Serbian saints of the Eastern Orthodox Church Archbishops of Serbs Eastern Orthodox Christians from Serbia Year of birth missing 1309 deaths
International Association for the Semiotics of Law is a philosophical society founded in 1987 whose purpose is to promote semiotic analysis of the law. The association publishes the International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, the leading journal of international journal in legal semiotics. External links International Journal for the Semiotics of Law website International learned societies Philosophical societies Semiotics organizations International law organizations
In Greek mythology, Coeus (; , Koios, "query, questioning" or "intelligence"), also called Polus, was one of the Titans, one of the three groups of children born to Uranus (Sky) and Gaia (Earth). Mythology Coeus was an obscure figure, and like most of the Titans he played no active part in Greek mythology—he appears only in lists of Titans—but was primarily important for his descendants. With his sister, "shining" Phoebe, Coeus fathered two daughters, Leto and Asteria. Leto copulated with Zeus (the son of fellow Titans Cronus and Rhea) and bore Artemis and Apollo. Asteria became the mother of Hecate by Perses (son of fellow Titan Crius and half-sister Eurybia). Along with the other Titans, Coeus was overthrown by Zeus and the other Olympians in the Titanomachy. Afterwards, he and all his brothers (sans Oceanus) were imprisoned in Tartarus by Zeus. Coeus, later overcome with madness, broke free from his bonds and attempted to escape his imprisonment, but was repelled by Cerberus. Tacitus wrote that Coeus was the first inhabitant of the island of Kos, which claimed to be the birthplace of his daughter Leto. Coeus's name was modified from (Koĩos) to (Kō̃ios), leading to his association with the island. Eventually Zeus freed the Titans, presumably including Coeus. Genealogy Notes References Anonymous, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Pindar, Odes, Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Clement of Alexandria, Recognitions from Ante-Nicene Library Volume 8, translated by Smith, Rev. Thomas. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. 1867. Online version at theoi.com. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica translated by Mozley, J H. Loeb Classical Library Volume 286. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at theoi.com. Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonauticon. Otto Kramer. Leipzig. Teubner. 1913. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Hesiod, Theogony from The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Historiae Romanorum: Coeus Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Pseudo-Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Stewart, Michael. "People, Places & Things: Coeus", Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant. Tacitus, Complete Works of Tacitus. Tacitus. Alfred John Church. William Jackson Brodribb. Sara Bryant. edited for Perseus. New York. : Random House, Inc. Random House, Inc. reprinted 1942. Online text available at Perseus.tufts. The Hymns of Orpheus. Translated by Taylor, Thomas (1792). University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Online version at theoi.com External links COEUS from The Theoi Project COEUS from Mythopedia Greek gods Children of Gaia Titans (mythology) Condemned souls in Tartarus Metamorphoses characters Kos Leto
Sandwich Road railway station was a railway station on the East Kent Light Railway. It opened in May 1925 and closed to passenger traffic on 1 November 1928. There were plans to extend to Richboro Port railway station but permission to run passenger services north of Sandwich Road was not granted by His Majesty's Railway Inspectorate due to the poor state of repair of the bridge over the Southern Railway and River Stour. The platform was north of the road and a passing loop was south of the road. The station officially closed completely on 1 January 1950 although its use may have ceased earlier. References Sources Sandwich, Kent Disused railway stations in Kent Former East Kent Light Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1925 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1928
Jorge Querejeta Capella (born September 1, 1968) is a former field hockey player from Argentina. He competed for his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics, where he finished in ninth place with the national squad. He won the gold medal at the 1995 Pan American Games. References External links 1968 births Living people Argentine male field hockey players Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics Olympic field hockey players for Argentina Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina Pan American Games medalists in field hockey Field hockey players at the 1995 Pan American Games Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games 20th-century Argentine people
Exoletuncus atalodes is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Colombia. References Moths described in 1917 Euliini
Ravenwood may refer to: Ravenwood, a neighborhood in Langford, British Columbia Ravenwood, Missouri Ravenwood High School, a high school in Brentwood, Tennessee Ravenwood Plantation, a historic rice plantation in Colleton County, South Carolina Ravenwood, a fictional private military company owned by Jennings & Rall in the TV series Jericho Ravenwood Fair, a Facebook game "Ravenwood, Stepson of Mystery", a short-lived occult detective series by Frederick C. Davis that ran in Secret Agent X pulp magazine. Marion Ravenwood, a fictional character in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark See also Ravenswood (disambiguation)
Terrell Croft (1880–1967) was an American engineer and author of technical books on electrical and mechanical subjects, most or all of which were published by McGraw-Hill. Titles include Wiring of Finished Buildings (1915), Electrical Machinery; Principles, Operations, and Management (1917), and Steam Engine Principles and Practice (1922). Between 1913 and 1924, Croft appears to have resided in University City, Missouri. He was a consulting engineer, operating his own firm, Terrell Croft Engineering Company. He was a member of ASME, AIEE, ASTM, and ASHVE. Croft's most successful book is the American Electricians' Handbook (1913). This book is still in print, in its sixteenth edition (2013), by McGraw-Hill. The 16th edition is edited by Wilford I. Summers and Ferederic P. Hartwell. Croft's name still appears on the cover, and several illustrations from the first edition are retained. CIRCA 1930, Mr. Croft went into semi-retirement in Mexico City, Mexico, founding a small bookbindery managed with the assistance of his second Spouse, Jane. He died there in 1967. References External links 1880 births 1967 deaths
Negative Space is a 2017 French stop motion animated short film by Max Porter and Ru Kuwahata. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 90th Academy Awards. It is based on a poem by Ron Koertge. Plot A nostalgic look at a father (a traveling businessman) and his complicated relationship with his left-behind son alongside the efficient skill of packing. Reception On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 100% based on 15 reviews, and an average rating of 8.40/10. Accolades Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film nomination (2017) Best Animated Short: Richmond International Film & Music Festival (2018) References External links French animated short films 2017 films 2017 animated films 2010s French films
The Affair is a 1973 American TV movie directed by Gilbert Cates and starring Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner, Bruce Davison and Jamie Smith-Jackson. The film starred Natalie Wood in her first appearance since Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice. Her co-star was Robert Wagner, her first husband whom she recently remarried. Plot Courtney Patterson is a beautiful 32 year old songwriter who is physically disabled due to polio. Her condition has made her emotionally guarded, but when she meets Marcus Simon, a handsome older attorney, she cautiously moves towards romance. Although Courtney remains wary of intimacy, Marcus slowly wins her over. Unfortunately, her family is not supportive of their relationship, providing yet another obstacle that the couple must overcome. Marcus Simon (Wagner) meets Courtney when he is briefly employed by the family to handle a legal matter for them. Both of them are timid about approaching romance - Courtney because of her medical condition; Marcus because his wife recently left him for another man and took their two sons with her. A family dinner establishes that there is some tension between Courtney's wealthy parents (Kent Smith, Frances Reid) and their two children. Courtney's younger brother (Davison) is an aspiring artist who disdains the family fortune and lives simply with his girlfriend Jennifer (Jackson). Courtney and Marcus rent a luxury cottage and begin seeing each other regularly. Just as Courtney is getting used to the comfort of romance, Marcus attends the wedding of his ex-wife and is made fun of by the new groom for being "inadequate". A jumpy Marcus calls off the relationship. Courtney makes a halfhearted attempt at suicide by slashing her wrists. Her brother looks after her - saying Marcus has been calling regularly and "He'll come if you want him to come". The film ends with the question of their resuming their relationship unanswered. Cast Natalie Wood as Courtney Patterson Robert Wagner as Marcus Simon Bruce Davison as Jamie Patterson Jamie Smith-Jackson as Jennifer (as Jamie Smith Jackson) Pat Harrington Jr. as Frank (as Pat Harrington) Kent Smith as Mr. Patterson Paul Ryan as Bobbie Frances Reid as Mrs. Patterson Mark Roberts as Howard Anna Aries as Annie Simon Steve Riskas as Peter Brett Ericson as Evan Robert Stull as Michael Anna Karen as Willa Paul Pepper as Engineer Suzanne Taylor as Hostess (as Sue Taylor) Victoria Carroll as First Man's Wife Keith Walker as First Man Marland Proctor as Second Man Production Wagner and Wood made the film for Spelling-Goldberg Productions, which offered them a development deal for a series in which they did not appear. The series ended up being Charlie's Angels. It was originally called Love Song. The film's budget was twice the normal amount of the typical TV movie with Sir Lew Grade supplying the balance to enable the film to be released theatrically outside the US. Reception The Los Angeles Times wrote "Natalie Wood turns in what is perhaps her finest performance to date." Wagner and Wood had remarried(2nd time) shortly before shooting began.As "marrieds",this may explain how some daring-for-the-time bedroom scenes remained in the film. See also List of American films of 1973 References External links 1973 television films 1973 films Films directed by Gilbert Cates
```smalltalk using System.Text; namespace Renci.SshNet.Sftp { /// <summary> /// Represents a factory for creating SFTP response messages. /// </summary> internal interface ISftpResponseFactory { /// <summary> /// Creates a SFTP response message for the specified protocol version and message type, and /// with the specified <see cref="Encoding"/>. /// </summary> /// <param name="protocolVersion">The protocol version.</param> /// <param name="messageType">The message type.</param> /// <param name="encoding">The <see cref="Encoding"/>.</param> /// <returns> /// A <see cref="SftpMessage"/>. /// </returns> SftpMessage Create(uint protocolVersion, byte messageType, Encoding encoding); } } ```
All Yours may refer to: All Yours (Crystal Kay album), a 2007 Japanese album by Crystal Kay All Yours (Astro album), released in 2021 All Yours (2014 film), also known as Je suis à toi, 2014 film directed by David Lambert All Yours, 2016 TV film with Dan Payne and Nicollette Sheridan All Yours, 2015 album by Widowspeak "All Yours (Tua)", a 1959 single by Jo Stafford on The Columbia Singles Collection, Vol. 1 "All Yours", a song by Ben Haenow from the 2015 album Ben Haenow
The Elder Scrolls is a series of action role-playing video games primarily developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. The series focuses on free-form gameplay in an open world. Morrowind, Oblivion and Skyrim all won Game of the Year awards from multiple outlets. The series has sold more than 58 million copies worldwide. Within the series' fictional universe, each game takes place on the continent of Tamriel. The setting combines pre-medieval real-world elements, such as a powerful Roman-like Empire, with high fantasy medieval themes, including limited technology, widespread magic use, and the existence of many mythological creatures. The continent is split into a number of provinces inhabited by humans and humanoid fantasy races such as elves, orcs and anthropomorphic animals. A common theme in the lore is that a chosen hero rises to defeat an impending threat (typically a malevolent being or an antagonistic army). Since debuting with The Elder Scrolls: Arena in 1994, the series has produced a total of five main games (of which the last three have each featured two or three expansions) as well as several spin-offs. In 2014, a massively multiplayer online role-playing game, The Elder Scrolls Online, was released by Bethesda's affiliated ZeniMax subsidiary ZeniMax Online Studios. Development history Before The Elder Scrolls Prior to working on The Elder Scrolls series, Bethesda had worked predominantly with sports and action games. In the six years from its founding to Arena 1994 release, Bethesda had released ten games, six of them sports games, with such titles as Hockey League Simulator, NCAA Basketball: Road to the Final Four ('91/'92 Edition), and Wayne Gretzky Hockey, and the remaining four adaptations from other media, primarily the Terminator series. Bethesda's course changed abruptly when it began working on its first action role-playing game. Designer Ted Peterson recalls: "I remember talking to the guys at Sir-Tech who were doing Wizardry VII: Crusaders of the Dark Savant at the time, and them literally laughing at us for thinking we could do it." Ted Peterson worked alongside Vijay Lakshman as one of the initial designers of what was called Arena, a "medieval-style gladiator game". Arena Peterson and Lakshman were joined by Julian Lefay who, according to Peterson, "really spear-headed the initial development of the series". Peterson, Lakshman, and LeFay were longtime aficionados of pen-and-paper role-playing games, which greatly influenced the creation of the world of Tamriel. They were also fans of Looking Glass Studios' Ultima Underworld series, their main inspiration for Arena. Initially, Arena was not to be a role-playing game at all. The player, and a team of their fighters, would travel the world, fighting other teams in their arenas until the player became "grand champion" in the world's capital, the Imperial City. Along the way, side quests of a more role-playing nature could be completed. As the process of development progressed, however, the tournaments became less important and the side quests more. Role-playing game elements were added, as it expanded to include cities outside the arenas, and dungeons beyond the cities. Eventually it was decided to drop the idea of tournaments altogether, and focus on quests and dungeons, making the game a "full-blown [role-playing game]". Although the team had dropped all arena combat from the game, all the material had already been printed up with the title, so the game went to market as The Elder Scrolls: Arena. Lakshman, who then worked at Christopher Weaver's Bethesda Softworks, came up with the name of The Elder Scrolls and the words eventually came to mean "Tamriel's mystical tomes of knowledge that told of its past, present, and future". The game's initial voice-over was changed in response, beginning: "It has been foretold in the Elder Scrolls ..." Bethesda missed their Christmas 1993 deadline. The game was released in the first quarter of 1994, a "really serious [mistake] for a small developer/publisher like Bethesda Softworks". The packaging included a scantily clad female warrior, which further contributed to distributor concern, leading to an initial distribution of only 20,000 units. Having missed the Christmas sales season, the development team was concerned that they "had screwed the company". Nevertheless, sales continued to grow, month after month, as news of the game was passed by word-of-mouth. Despite some initial software bugs, and the formidable demands the game made on players' machines, it became a cult hit. Evaluations of the game's success varied from "modest" to "wild". Still, the game maintained traction with its audience. Game historian Matt Barton concluded that "the game set a new standard for this type of role-playing video game, and demonstrated just how much room was left for innovation". Daggerfall Work on The Elder Scrolls II: Daggerfall began after Arena release in March 1994. Ted Peterson was assigned the role of lead game designer. Daggerfall plot was less clichéd than Arena and involved a "complex series of adventures leading to multiple resolutions". With Daggerfall, Arena experience-point-based system was replaced with one rewarding the player for actually role-playing their character. Daggerfall came equipped with an improved character generation engine, one that included a GURPS-influenced class creation system, offering players the chance to create their own classes, and assign their own skills. Daggerfall was developed with an XnGine engine, one of the first truly 3D engines. Daggerfall realized a game world the size of Great Britain, filled with 15,000 towns and a population of 750,000. It was influenced by analog games and literature that Julian LeFay or Ted Peterson happened to be playing or reading at the time, such as Dumas's The Man in the Iron Mask and Vampire: The Masquerade. It was released on August 31, 1996. Like Arena, Daggerfall initial release suffered from some bugs, leaving consumers disgruntled. These early anomalies were fixed in later versions. This experience led to a more prudent release schedule for future games. Battlespire and Redguard Following the release of Daggerfall, work began on three separate projects at once: An Elder Scrolls Legend: Battlespire, The Elder Scrolls Adventures: Redguard, and Morrowind. Battlespire, originally titled Dungeon of Daggerfall: Battlespire, was the first of the three to be released, on November 30, 1997. Originally designed as an expansion pack for Daggerfall, it was repackaged as a stand-alone game. Battlespire focused on dungeon romping and offered multiplayer gaming—player versus player deathmatch—the only series title to do so before the release of The Elder Scrolls Online in 2014. Redguard was the second of the three titles to be released, on October 31, 1998. It was an action-adventure game inspired by Tomb Raider, Prince of Persia, and the Ultima series. Redguard did not offer the player the chance to create their own character. Instead, players would play the prefabricated "Cyrus the Redguard". Both games did poorly with Bethesda's audience. Players used to the vast open spaces of Daggerfall did not take well to the reduced worlds of Redguard and Battlespire. Based upon its customers' clear desire for massive role-playing game worlds, Bethesda redoubled its efforts to build the next major chapter. Morrowind The third title in The Elder Scrolls series was conceived during the development of Daggerfall. Initially designed to encompass the whole province of Morrowind and allow the player to join all five Dunmer Great Houses, it was decided that the scope of the game was too much for the technology available at the time. At publication, it covered the isle of Vvardenfell and allowed the player to join three of the Great Houses. The XnGine was scrapped and replaced with Numerical Design Limited's Gamebryo, a Direct3D powered engine, with transform, clipping, and lighting capacity, 32-bit textures and skeletal animation. It was decided that the game world would be populated using the methods the team had developed in Redguard; with the game objects crafted by hand, rather than generated using the random algorithmic methods. The project took "close to 100-man-years to create". Bethesda tripled their staff and spent the first year developing The Elder Scrolls Construction Set. This allowed the game staff to easily balance the game and to modify it in small increments rather than large. Ted Peterson, who had left following the release of Daggerfall, returned to work as an author of in-game material, and as a general consultant on the lore-based aspects of the work. The PC version of Morrowind had gone gold by April 23, 2002, and was released on May 1 in North America, with the Xbox release set at June 7. On January 3, Bethesda announced that game publisher Ubisoft would take control of Morrowind European distribution, in addition to those of eight other Bethesda games. The expansion pack The Elder Scrolls III: Tribunal went gold on November 1 and was released, with little fanfare, on November 6. Tribunal puts the player in the self-contained, walled city of Mournhold, which can be teleported to and from Morrowind's land mass. Development on the expansion began after Morrowind shipped, giving the developers a mere five-month development cycle to release the game. The prior existence of the Construction Set, however, meant that the team "already had the tools in place to add content and features very quickly". Interface improvements, and specifically an overhaul of Morrowind journal system, were among the key goals. Morrowind second expansion, The Elder Scrolls III: Bloodmoon, went gold by May 23, and was released on June 6. It had been worked on since the release of Tribunal. In the expansion, the player travels to the frozen island of Solstheim and is asked to investigate the uneasiness of the soldiers stationed there. Oblivion Work on The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion began in 2002, after Morrowind publication. Oblivion was developed by Bethesda Softworks, and the initial Xbox 360 and PC releases were co-published by Bethesda and Take-Two Interactive subsidiary 2K Games. Oblivion was released on March 21, 2006. The game centers around an event referred to as "The Oblivion Crisis", where portals to the planes of Oblivion open and release hordes of Daedra upon Tamriel. Developers working on Oblivion focused on providing a tighter storyline, more developed characters, and to make information in the game world more accessible to players. Oblivion features improved AI, improved physics, and improved graphics. Bethesda developed and implemented procedural content creation tools in the creation of Oblivion terrain, leading to landscapes that are more complex and realistic than those of past titles, but had less of a drain on Bethesda's staff. Two downloadable expansion packs, Knights of the Nine and The Shivering Isles were released in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Knights of the Nine added a questline surrounding the search for a set of Crusader relics, while The Shivering Isles added the eponymous plane to the game. Skyrim In August 2010, Todd Howard revealed Bethesda was working on a game that had been in development since the release of Oblivion, and that progress was very far along. While the game was conceptualized after Oblivions release, main development was restricted until after Fallout 3 was released. In November, Kristian West, then the editor-in-chief of Eurogamer's Danish outlet, reported overhearing a developer on a plane talking about the project; a new The Elder Scrolls game, although Bethesda did not comment on the report. At the Spike Video Game Awards in December, Howard appeared on stage to unveil a teaser trailer and announce the title of the game. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim was released on November 11, 2011, to widespread critical acclaim. It was awarded 'Game of the Year' by IGN, Spike and others. The game is set after the events of Oblivion, when the great dragon Alduin the World Eater returns to Skyrim; a beast whose existence threatens all life in Tamriel. The setting is heavily based on Scandinavia, as seen in the climate and creatures the character encounters. Three pieces of add-ons were released on PC and Xbox 360 in 2012 – Dawnguard, Hearthfire and Dragonborn, with a PlayStation 3 release in February 2013. Dawnguard added two joinable factions and an associated questline revolving around Vampires and the Dawnguard, a group of vampire hunters, while Hearthfire added more home customisation options including a house creation kit and the ability to adopt children. Dragonborn added the island of Solstheim to the northeast. On October 28, 2016, Skyrim – Special Edition was released. In 2016, on the fifth anniversary of Skyrims release, Zen Studios developed and released a virtual pinball adaptation of the game as part of the Bethesda Pinball collection, which became available as part of Zen Pinball 2, Pinball FX 2 and Pinball FX 3, as well as a separate free-to-play app for iOS and Android mobile devices. On November 17, 2017, Skyrim VR was released for PlayStation 4. On June 10, 2018, Skyrim: Very Special Edition, a voice-activated text adventure game poking fun at the game's many releases, was released for Amazon Alexa devices. The player character, Dragonborn, is a downloadable Mii fighter costume in the Nintendo crossover fighting game Super Smash Bros. Ultimate. The Elder Scrolls Online and Legends On May 3, 2012, The Elder Scrolls Online was revealed. The Elder Scrolls Online was released for Windows and macOS on April 4, 2014, with the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 versions initially slated to follow in June 2014 but later delayed until June 9, 2015. The game originally required a subscription to play, but this requirement was dropped on March 17, 2015. There is however a subscription service entitled "ESO Plus" which grants access to all current and future downloadable content (DLC). The DLC is otherwise available for individual purchase in the Crown Store. Additionally, the optional subscription grants various perks that allow players to progress slightly faster than a free player, and grants them a payment of 1650 crowns per month. On June 14, 2015, The Elder Scrolls: Legends, a collectible card game, was announced by Bethesda during the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2015. It was released on March 9, 2017, for Microsoft Windows and is in beta for Android, iOS, and macOS. Blades and Castles At Bethesda's E3 2018 press conference, Todd Howard announced The Elder Scrolls: Blades, originally planned for release in Q3 2018, and it was originally expected to be released for Apple and Android phones first, followed by PC and console, including VR. The player is able to play as a member of the faction called the Blades, who has returned home to their town to find it destroyed. There are survival, arena, and town-building modes, with multiplayer support through its arena and town-building mode, as well as cross-platform. The game is also able to be played in portrait mode, unusual for a role-playing game. The early access of Blades began March 27, 2019 for those who pre-ordered the game. Blades was expected to fully release some time in early 2019, before being released for Android, iOS and Nintendo Switch in May 2020. The Elder Scrolls: Castles, a mobile spin-off game similar to Fallout Shelter, was released for Android on September 28, 2023. The Elder Scrolls VI Elder Scrolls VI was first announced as being in pre-production during E3 2018, along with Starfield. Phil Spencer said that The Elder Scrolls VI would be coming out after Playground Games' Fable title. Gameplay The Elder Scrolls games are action role-playing games and include elements taken from action and adventure games. In Arena, players advance by killing monsters (and thereby gaining experience points) until a preset value is met, whereupon they level-up. However, in Daggerfall, Morrowind, and Oblivion, the series took a skill-based approach to character advancement. Players develop their characters' skills by applying them and only level-up when a certain set of skills have been developed. Skyrim took a new approach, where the more a skill is leveled, the more it helps to level the character. This shifted the focus away from character creation and more onto character development. The flexibility of the games' engines has facilitated the release of game extensions (or mods) through The Elder Scrolls Construction Set. The Elder Scrolls main series of games emphasizes different aspects of the gaming experience than most role-playing games. A brief article by Joystiq in early November 2006 compared BioWare's creations to Bethesda's by noting a difference in emphasis. Bethesda's creations focused on "aesthetic presentation and open-ended adventuring"; BioWare's on a combat system and modular architecture. This overarching aim has been noted by their designers as well. Bethesda has described their motivations in creating the first series game, Arena, as those of any good pen-and-paper role-playing games: creating an environment in which the player could be what the player wants and do what the player wants. Daggerfall manual begins with a design manifesto, declaring the developers' intention to "create a book with blank pages" and "a game designed to encourage exploration and reward curiosity". Choices, in the form of paths taken by the player, to do good, to chase after evil, are left open to the player, "just like in real life". This design trend continued with Morrowind, following the hiatus of similarly epic games in the interim, though Joystiq's previously noted insistence on graphics came again to the fore. During the development of Morrowind, Bethesda tripled its staff, so as to perfectly color its newly hand-made world. In their own words, "We knew we had to exceed the visual polish of the other games on the market, and we made it our goal to put The Elder Scrolls back into the forefront of game innovation." Series overview Setting The Elder Scrolls takes place in a high fantasy world with influences from real world cultures. Like most works of high fantasy, The Elder Scrolls games are typically serious in tone and epic in scope, dealing with themes of a grand struggle against a supernatural or evil force. Many races exist in the world of The Elder Scrolls, some typical of high fantasy works, such as humans, orcs and elves; some atypical, such as the lizard-like Argonians and cat-like Khajiit; and some subversions, such as the extinct Dwemer, known colloquially as "dwarves", who follow the high fantasy stereotype of being subterranean, skilled metallurgists and masons, but are actually classified as a variety of elf who are highly technologically advanced. As is also typical in high fantasy works, magic and sorcery, mythical creatures, factions with their own political agendas, walled medieval cities and strongholds, and plot elements driven by prophecies and legends are common. The Elder Scrolls is known for its attention to detail, including extensive lore, scenery and back story. There is no omniscient narrator. Instead, the lore is presented in-universe, as written by the fictional scholars who inhabit the world, and it is subject to their biases and speculation. Players are encouraged to form their own interpretations of the lore and have developed extensive fan works. The developers avoid invalidating or overruling fan theories through canon. Internal inconsistencies are explained as errors in scholarship. Some inconsistencies, such as incorporating mutually exclusive endings to earlier games, are intentionally introduced and explained as magical paradoxes. Other elements of the lore are intentionally contradictory or made ambiguous to allow players to decide for themselves what is true. Players can, for example, deny being a prophesied hero or accept the role. The first game in the series, Arena, featured little in the way of lore and lacked many elements that would come to define the series. An elaborate system of gods and myths were introduced in the second game, Daggerfall. The lore's complexity came from a desire to improve on the writing in Arena, which had been criticized as lackluster. After Daggerfall, the designers focused on further expanding the lore once they realized they still did not know much about the world's fictional history or religions. The series' fictional cosmology is inspired by Gnosticism. There are contradictory creation myths, one of which claims that some of the gods were tricked into creating the mortal world, surrendering a portion of their power. These became the Nine Divines (also known as Aedra), who are worshipped as benevolent deities. A separate pantheon of more demonic deities known as the Daedra retain their full power and reside in Oblivion, a separate dimension. Individual Daedra are not necessarily evil, though they are often depicted as lacking empathy. The Elder Scrolls games primarily take place on the continent of Tamriel, located on the planet of Nirn. The exceptions are An Elder Scrolls Legend: Battlespire, which is set in a different dimension; portions of The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion and the entirety of its expansion, Shivering Isles, which take place in Oblivion; quests in Oblivion during the Dawnguard and Dragonborn add-ons of The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim; and further quests in Oblivion from The Elder Scrolls Online. Other continents exist on Nirn aside from Tamriel, such as Akavir, Yokuda, and Atmora, but the people of Tamriel have little to no contact with these other continents and therefore do not possess much verifiable knowledge about them. Tamriel comprises nine provinces, each of which is dominated by a distinct race: Black Marsh is home to the Argonians; Cyrodiil is home to the Imperials; Elsweyr is home to the Khajiit; Hammerfell is home to the Redguards; High Rock is home to the Bretons; Morrowind is home to the Dunmer, or Dark Elves; Skyrim is home to the Nords; Summerset Isle is home to the Altmer, or High Elves; and Valenwood is home to the Bosmer, or Wood Elves. A tenth race, the Orsimer, or Orcs, reside in settlements scattered across Tamriel and, at some points in history, a kingdom inside High Rock known as Orsinium. Although various empires have controlled Tamriel over its several thousand years of recorded history, most games in the series have taken place during the Third Cyrodiilic Empire, which initially unites the entire continent under the reign of the Septim dynasty. In Arena, players are tasked with freeing the Emperor Uriel Septim VII from a magical prison engineered by his court wizard, who has usurped the throne and magically disguised himself as the Emperor. In Daggerfall, Uriel VII tasks the player with finding a powerful artifact. The player can give it to any of several factions, which will use it to reshape the regional power structure. In Morrowind, the player is prophesied to be the reincarnation of a great elven hero. Taking advantage of this, the Empire tasks the player with stabilizing the province of Morrowind by putting down a rebellion by a would-be god. In Oblivion, a religious cult opens a dimensional gate to a Hell-like realm and throws the Empire into chaos by killing Uriel VII and all of his known heirs. Although the player assists an illegitimate royal heir in closing the dimensional gate, the heir's heroic sacrifice brings an abrupt end to the Septim bloodline, causing a succession crisis that devastates the Empire and reduces it to a rump state. In Skyrim, the Empire (now ruled by the Mede dynasty) is recovering from a horrific war against an elven ethnostate which covers most of southwest Tamriel, and whose terms of surrender have weakened the Empire even further and ultimately led to an ongoing civil war in the province of Skyrim. Amid these mounting tensions, Tamriel has to face the return of a legendary dragon known as "the World-Eater", long after dragons were thought to have gone extinct. The Elder Scrolls Online serves as a prequel to the Third Empire storyline, taking place in the middle of a 600-year interregnum between the Second and Third Cyrodiilic Empires. The initial game follows the player, who has been sacrificed by followers of the Daedric prince Molag Bal, as they manage to return to the mortal plane with the help of a former Emperor masquerading as a prophet. The player must join one of the three different military alliances that are vying for control of Tamriel in the Three Banners War, but is ultimately tasked with uniting all three factions against Molag Bal's attempt to assimilate the entirety of the planet Nirn into his realm of Coldharbour. The Elder Scrolls themselves play a very limited role in the storyline of the series, usually only as a framing plot device (i.e. "[the events in this game] were foretold in the Elder Scrolls..."). The Elder Scrolls are rarely referenced in the games. The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion marks the first appearance of the Scrolls in the final quest of the Thieves Guild quest-line. The Scroll appears as an incomprehensible chart containing luminous glyphs. Oblivion further introduces monks who dedicate their lives to the study the scrolls. In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, the Scrolls are integrated into the series' creation myth and are portrayed as potentially causing insanity when deciphered. The Scrolls are used in the main quest to travel back in time and learn how to defeat the antagonist, an immortal dragon. Skyrims Dawnguard expansion adds a quest to acquire the Scrolls to either assist or stop a vampire from blotting out the sun. Future At E3 2016, Bethesda Game Studios director Todd Howard reported that the studio was already working on a sixth installment in The Elder Scrolls franchise, although it would still be "a very long way off" and at E3 2017, Bethesda Softworks vice president of public relations stated that no new title was in active development, and that they have "at least two major titles" to complete before this would change. In an interview in June 2023, Todd Howard stated that The Elder Scrolls VI will come after Starfield, and it may be the last Elder Scrolls he makes. At E3 2018, Howard presented a short teaser trailer for The Elder Scrolls VI and announced that it would be released following Starfield. Other media In 2009, science-fiction author Gregory Keyes released The Infernal City, a novel set approximately 40 years after the Oblivion Crisis. Lord of Souls was released in 2011 as Keyes's second novel in his The Elder Scrolls book series. Reception Critical reception In 2012, Complex ranked The Elder Scrolls at number 20 on the list of the best video game franchises. In 2013, The Elder Scrolls was voted as the Greatest Game Series of the Decade on GameSpot, beating out 64 other competitors. The Elder Scrolls reached the final round, beating the Grand Theft Auto series by a margin of 52.5% of the vote for The Elder Scrolls to 47.5% for Grand Theft Auto. Controversies The fourth main game of the series, Oblivion, was initially released with a Teen rating by the ESRB, but after reports that its developers failed to disclose content that would not be encountered through normal gameplay but would be inconsistent with that rating, the ESRB took a second look at Oblivion that took the obscured content into consideration and in an unprecedented move that drew large public attention, raised the game's rating to Mature. In August 2011, Bethesda Softworks contacted the developer of Minecraft, Mojang, claiming that the intended trademark of the title Scrolls for its new game breached Bethesda's trademark on The Elder Scrolls. On March 10, 2012, Markus Persson tweeted that the two had come to an agreement over the use of the name. The agreement prohibits Mojang from using the title Scrolls in any future sequels of the game. In May 2019, Bethesda Softworks released a promotional free tabletop role-playing game titled Elsweyr. It was accused of being plagiarized as it shared a very similar plot to the Dungeons & Dragons adventure "The Black Road", written by Paige Leitman and Ben Heisler, and contains reworded text that substitutes some words for synonyms. After Leitman posted about the similarities on Facebook the game was removed from their The Elder Scrolls Online Facebook page. References External links Action role-playing video games Fantasy video games Open-world video games Video game franchises introduced in 1994 Video games about magic Video games adapted into novels Video games set on fictional planets
The Strongest () is a 1929 Swedish silent drama film directed by Axel Lindblom and Alf Sjöberg and starring Bengt Djurberg, Anders Henrikson and Gösta Gustafson. It was Sjöberg's debut film as a director. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios and on location in Norway. The film's sets were designed by the art director Vilhelm Bryde. Cast Bengt Djurberg as Gustaf Anders Henrikson as Ole Gösta Gustafson as Jens Gun Holmqvist as Ingeborg Larsen Kare Pederson as Kare Hjalmar Peters as Larsen Maria Röhr as Grandmother Sivert Brækemo as Olsen References Bibliography Gustafsson, Tommy. Masculinity in the Golden Age of Swedish Cinema: A Cultural Analysis of 1920s Films. McFarland, 2014. Kwiatkowski, Aleksander. Swedish Film Classics: A Pictorial Survey of 25 Films from 1913 to 1957. Courier Dover Publications, 1983. External links 1929 films 1929 drama films 1929 directorial debut films 1920s Swedish-language films Swedish silent feature films Swedish black-and-white films Films directed by Alf Sjöberg Films shot in Norway Silent Swedish drama films 1920s Swedish films
Blind Folly is a 1939 British comedy film directed by Reginald Denham and starring Clifford Mollison, Lilli Palmer, and Leslie Perrins. The screenplay concerns a man who inherits a nightclub that belonged to his brother but soon discovers that it is the headquarters for a dangerous criminal gang. It was made at Walton Studios as a quota quickie. Cast Clifford Mollison as George Bunyard Lilli Palmer as Valerie Leslie Perrins as Deverell William Kendall as Raine Gus McNaughton as Professor Zozo Elliott Mason as Aunt Mona David Horne as Mr Steel Gertrude Musgrove as Agnes Roland Culver as Ford Anthony Holles as Louis Michael Ripper References Bibliography Chibnall, Steve. Quota Quickies: The Birth of the British 'B' Film. British Film Institute, 2007. Low, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985. Wood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986. External links 1939 films 1939 comedy films British comedy films Films directed by Reginald Denham Films shot at Nettlefold Studios Quota quickies British black-and-white films 1930s English-language films 1930s British films
Walter Montgomery (November 8, 1895 – October 10, 1950) was a Canadian wrestler. He competed in the freestyle lightweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics. References 1895 births 1950 deaths Olympic wrestlers for Canada Wrestlers at the 1924 Summer Olympics Canadian male sport wrestlers Sportspeople from Pembroke, Ontario Sportspeople from Ontario 20th-century Canadian people
Gregory of Terracina (died c.570) is a saint in the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. His memorial is on 12 December. A Benedictine monk at Terracina, he was a spiritual student of Benedict of Nursia and is mentioned by Gregory the Great in his Dialogues. References Italian Benedictines 570 deaths 6th-century Christian monks 6th-century Christian saints
The Cayman Islands Records in Swimming are the fastest times ever swum by a swimmer representing the Cayman Islands. These records are kept by the Cayman Islands Amateur Swimming Association (CIASA). CIASA keeps records for both for males and females, for long course (50m) and short course (25m) events. Records are kept in the following events (by stroke): freestyle: 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1500; backstroke: 50, 100 and 200; breaststroke: 50, 100 and 200; butterfly: 50, 100 and 200; individual medley: 100 (25m only), 200 and 400; relays: 4x100 free, 4x200 free, and 4 × 100 medley. Long course (50m) Men \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- Women \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- Mixed relay Short course (25m) Men \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- Women \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- \|-bgcolor=#DDDDDD \|colspan=9\| \|- Mixed relay Notes References General Cayman Islands Long Course Records – Men 30 August 2022 updated Cayman Islands Long Course Records – Women 8 January 2023 updated Cayman Islands Short Course Records – Men 22 February 2023 updated Cayman Islands Short Course Records – Women 22 February 2023 updated Specific External links CIASA official website CIASA records page Cayman Islands Records Swimming
The North Tamworth Bears are a rugby league team located in the suburb of North Tamworth, in Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia. They were formed in 1911, three years after Rugby league came to New South Wales, and are one of the oldest clubs in New South Wales, in particular in the Country. They play in the Group 4 Rugby League competition, which is administered by the New South Wales Country Rugby League. The North Tamworth Bears won the 2006 premiership beating the Coonabarabran Unicorns. History The North Tamworth Bears were formed in 1911 and were first known as the Rebels until 1947. They played their first game at No 1 Oval at 4:10 P.M. on 22 July 1911, which was also to be the first game of rugby league to be played in Tamworth. The team was made up of nearly the entire first grade North Tamworth Rugby Union team who switched codes. As the rebels they played in 14 grand finals between 1911 and 1947 winning seven of these games. From 1947 to 1955 the club were known as the Tri-colours and during this period the team played in four grand finals, winning three. 1951 – Won Clayton's cup awarded to most successful Country league team. In 1956 the Tri-colours changed their name to the Bears which is currently their name. Between 1965 and 1967 the Bears established their own oval and facilities on Manilla Road. The oval and facilities were titled Jack Woolaston Oval in 1985 in commemoration of the founding President Jack Woolaston. During the 1980s the bears played in two grand finals winning the 1980 game, however losing the 1984 game. The club's first grade team made the grand final two consecutive years in 2001, 2002 and also in 2003 however they lost all three matches. In 2005 the Bears won the Northern Division pre-season club championship, first grade major premiership, the minor premiership and the pre-season Knockout. Additionally the Reserve Grade and Under 18 teams won the minor premiership and both were grand finalists. In 2006 the first grade team won the Northern Division pre-season club championship, the preseason Easter knockout competition, and were undefeated for the entire regular season. The Bears then won their second successive premiership against the Coonabarabran Unicorns at Jack Woolaston Oval. The reserve grade team also won the premiership. 2014 saw the Bears win the first grade premiership against the Gunnedah Bulldogs, a feat that earned them the Clayton Cup for the first time since 1951. 2000 Runners up 2001 Runners up 2002 Runners up 2003 Runners up 2005 First grade premiers against West Tamworth Lions 34–28 2005 the Bears won the Northern Division pre-season club championship, first grade major premiership, the minor premiership and the pre-Season Knockout. 2006 First grade premiers against Coonabarabran Unicorns 42–14 2007 First grade premiers against West Tamworth Lions 32–12 2008 First grade premiers against West Tamworth Lions 8–6 2009 Runners up 2011 Runners up 2012 Runners up 2013 Runners up 2014 saw the Bears win the first grade premiership against the Gunnedah Bulldogs, a feat that earned them the Clayton Cup for the first time since 1951. 2015 first grade premiers against West Tamworth Lions 46–25 2016 first grade premiers against West Tamworth Lions 36–12 2017 first grade premiers against Narrabri Blues 30–22 2018 first grade premiers against Gunnedah Bulldogs 34–28 2019 first grade premiers against Kootingal Roosters 40–4 a feat that earned them the Clayton cup for the third time, earning the title along with 3 other CRL as the most successful clubs for country league. North Tamworth bears have won 6 successive grand finals 2019 undefeated. Playing record Playing record compiled from scores published in the Rugby League Week. Sources 1 North Tamworth Bears History retrieved 14 July 2007 References External links http://northtamworthbears.leaguenet.com.au Tamworth, New South Wales New England (New South Wales) Rugby league teams in New South Wales Rugby clubs established in 1911 1911 establishments in Australia
The Camino Rojo mine is one of the largest silver mines in Mexico and in the world. The mine is located in the center of the country in Zacatecas. The mine has estimated reserves of 1.63 million oz of gold and 32.07 million oz of silver. References Geography of Zacatecas Silver mines in Mexico Gold mines in Mexico
Renters' insurance, often called tenants' insurance, is an insurance policy that provides some of the benefits of homeowners' insurance, but does not include coverage for the dwelling, or structure, with the exception of small alterations that a tenant makes to the structure. It provides liability insurance and the tenant's personal property is covered against named perils such as fire, theft, and vandalism. It also pays expenses when the dwelling becomes uninhabitable. Due to renters' insurance existing mainly to protect against losses to the tenant's personal property and provide them with liability coverage but not to insure the actual dwelling, it is significantly less expensive than a homeowners' policy.The owner of the building is responsible for insuring the dwelling itself but bears no responsibility for the tenant's belongings. General requirements Many large and medium-sized rental properties include a requirement in their lease that tenants hold renters' insurance. If the tenant damages the premises, the landlord and other tenants can recover against the perpetrator's insurance. It is important to know what type of damage your insurance covers. Essentially, there are three types of coverage available: loss of use, personal property, and personal liability. Tracking renters' insurance Multiple companies track renters' insurance in apartment complexes by requiring the tenant to purchase insurance, while maintaining a database of expiration dates, cancellations, and additional information for the property owner/manager to use to ensure coverage for all units. Among the companies that track renters insurance, there is some variation in methods. Some companies primarily track their own policies, while others will track a combination of their own issued policies and third-party policies submitted by tenants. By using additional interest tracking, management companies and property owners gain a more complete picture of the insurance profile of their properties by receiving notifications in the event there is a change, cancellation, or lapse to an insurance policy held by a tenant. A limited number of communities require that tenants list them on the policy as additional insured. This actually makes it more difficult for a property owner or manager to recover from a tenant's liability policy because the additional insured is a party to the policy rather than a third party, which would be eligible for coverage. See also Home insurance Property insurance Contents insurance References Types of insurance
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There are several theatre and music venues at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. John Niland Scientia Building Completed in 2000 and described as "the jewel in the University's crown", the John Niland Scientia Building is a multi-purpose space used principally for conferences and receptions, that was named after former Vice-Chancellor Professor John Niland in 2006. The building's Leighton Hall has a capacity of around 400. Scientia Building venue information The Roundhouse The Roundhouse is an entertainment venue located on the University of New South Wales campus in Kensington, Australia. It is operated by the Arc. The Union Bar (or UniBar) is located on the ground floor of the Roundhouse, with a large round main auditorium in the centre and a series of food outlets (known as Eats @ the Round) located to the rear of the venue. Apart from regular university parties and sporting events, such as wrestling and Mixed martial arts, the venue holds concerts throughout the year hosting a wide variety of bands, some including The Dresden Dolls, Anthrax, Bullet for My Valentine, Meshuggah, Mudvayne, and many more. The Roundhouse has a capacity of over 2000. The Roundhouse is currently undergoing an extensive refurbishment and has been closed since June 2016, it is scheduled to reopen in March 2018. Roundhouse venue information Sir John Clancy Auditorium At 945 seats, the Sir John Clancy Auditorium is the eastern suburbs' largest public auditorium. It is named after former Chancellor of the university Sir John Sydney James Clancy. The building is used for lectures, graduation ceremonies and theatre and music performances. Clancy Auditorium venue information Science Theatre The 826-seat Science Theatre is home to the university's two longest-running shows, the Law and Med Revues. Science Theatre venue information Io Myers Studio Seating 124, the Io Myers Studio is the main performance and exhibition space of the university's School of English, Media & Performing Arts. Besides work coming from courses taught in the School, this much loved venue, is used by professional artists and companies for creative development work and occasionally by student theatre groups. Opened in 1982, it was named after Lady Io Myers. Io Myers Studio venue information Studio One This black box space is managed by the School of English, Media & Performing Arts. Seating up to 70 people, Studio One besides being used for School performances and events is used by the New South Wales University Theatrical Society and Studio Four for student-produced shows throughout the year. Studio One venue information Studio One History References University of New South Wales University of New South Wales, Venues University of New South Wales, Venues University of New South Wales, Venues Music venues in Sydney
DD Metro also known as DD 2 was an Indian free-to-air television channel. It was launched in 1984 as DD2 in Delhi as an alternative to DD National. Later, it increased its coverage area by expanding to Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. In 1993, the channel was rebranded as DD-2 Metro. On 3 November 2003, the Prasar Bharati Corporation replaced DD Metro with their new news channel, DD News. DD Metro programming consisted of many genres of television programmes, including family dramas boasting women as main characters, comedies, reality TV shows and others. The channel's prime-time shift Metro Gold was a landmark in Indian television history, and it replaced Star Plus as the top Hindi-language entertainment channel in 2000 and 2001. DD Metro also used to broadcast some TV series from its sister channel, DD National. In addition, DD Metro was also known for dubbing English and other language movies into Hindi. Programmes Aap Ki Taarif Aane Wala Pal Ahankaar Ajnabi All The Best Bandhan Betaal Pachisi Bhabhi Maa Captain House Chandrakanta Champion Dard Dhun Dhamaka Dekh Bhai Dekh Deewar Duniya Ki Saire Kar Lo Ekka Begum Badshah Ek Raja Ek Rani Hello Bombay Hello Inspector Hindustani Idhar Kamaal Udhar Dhamaal Imtihaan Intezaar Aur Sahi Jai Hanuman Jannat Jaane Bhi Do Paaro Jeevan Ke Pal Do Pal Juhi Kabhi Yeh Kabhi Woh Kaliren Khabrein Bollywood Ki Kash-m-kash Khatta Meetha Lajwaab Talent Show Laut Aao Maan Mahashakti Meri Mrs. Chanchala Mr. Dhansukh Music Station Musibat Bolkey Aayee Nehle Pe Dehla Nukkad Nyaay Peechha Karo Padosan Papa Raja Aur Rancho Rozana The Samwaad Show Saahil Sapnay Sea Hawks Strivers & Achievers Sweekar Hai Mujhe Superhit Muqabla Teletubbies Tiger Tu Tu Main Main Wanderlust India Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi Zabaan Sambhalke Good Night 100 See also Doordarshan Network DD National List of television stations in India Metro Gold References External links Doordarshan Network Official Site Defunct television channels in India Television stations in Mumbai Doordarshan Television channels and stations established in 1984 Television channels and stations disestablished in 2003
Alan Edgar "Buddy" Owens (born May 23, 1948, in Mesa, Arizona), known professionally as Buddy Alan, is an American country music artist. The son of Buck Owens and Bonnie Owens and stepson of Merle Haggard, Alan recorded four albums for Capitol Records in the 1970s. He also charted eight singles in the Top 40 on the Billboard country charts, including his No. 7 debut single "Let the World Keep On A-Turnin'", a duet with Buck. Biography Alan Edgar Owens was born May 22, 1948, in Mesa, Arizona, to country music artist Buck Owens and his then-wife, Bonnie Owens. He founded a rock band called the Chosen Few at age 14 before turning his interests to country music. When Bonnie Owens divorced Buck and married Merle Haggard, Alan moved to Arizona with his mother and new stepfather. Crediting himself as Buddy Alan, he charted for the first time in 1968 with "Let the World Keep On A-Turnin'", a duet with Buck Owens that reached Top Ten on the country charts. This was followed by "When I Turn Twenty-One", which Haggard co-wrote. Alan toured with his father (who also worked as his promoter) and released an album entitled Wild, Free and Twenty One, in addition to making appearances on Hee Haw. Later on, he charted again in the Top 20 with "Cowboy Convention", a duet with Owens' guitarist Don Rich, and earned a Most Promising Male Artist award from the Academy of Country Music. He continued to chart into the 1970s, but retired from the music business in 1978 to attend college. After that, he became a music director at local radio stations, and was voted four times as Billboard Music Director of the Year. Discography Albums Singles References 1948 births Living people Musicians from Mesa, Arizona American country singer-songwriters Capitol Records artists Country musicians from Arizona Singer-songwriters from Arizona
The 2013–14 Oman Professional League Cup was the third edition of a pre-season football competition held in Oman. It was the first edition since football in Oman entered the professional era. The competition featured four groups of 3-4 teams(Group A and B featured 3 teams and Group C and D featured 4 teams), with the group stage winners entering the semi-final stage. Groups featuring three sides played each other twice so that each team could play 6 matches in the group phase. The competition featured all the clubs playing in the top flight in the 2013–14 season. The competition started on 15 August 2013 and finished on 16 November 2013. Group stage Group A Group B Group C Group D Semi finals Final External links SAHAM LIFT THE FIRST OMAN PROFESSIONAL LEAGUE CUP Oman Federation Cup 2013 at futbol24.com Omani Professional Cup 2013 at Goalzz.com Oman Professional League Cup 2013–14 in Omani football
Stainton is a hamlet in the Kingmoor parish of Cumberland, Cumbria, England. It is near the city of Carlisle. Circa 1870, it had a population of 63 as recorded in the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales. See also Listed buildings in Kingmoor References External links Cumbria County History Trust: Stanwix (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page) Hamlets in Cumbria City of Carlisle
George Hilaro Barlow (1806–1866) was a British physician. He was a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, the first editor of Guy's Hospital Reports, and the principal author of A Manual of the Practice of Medicine. The son of a clergyman, he was named after Sir George Barlow, 1st Baronet. Disliking life in the Royal Navy, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read arts and medicine. Gaining his B.A. there in 1829, he went to Guy's the following year and furthered his formal studies in medicine. Barlow married Lydia, daughter of Stephen Babington, in 1839. He became an assistant physician in 1840, then a full physician three years later. At Guy's Hospital, he and George Owen Rees were supervised by Richard Bright in jointly investigating renal diseases. This team approach to a subject was regarded as pioneering. Barlow was a contemporary and colleague of both Thomas Addison, and Henry Marshall Hughes, to whom he dedicated his Manual. He promoted, and became president of, the Clinical Reports Society. He was described as highly analytical, considering many contending possibilities for every diagnosis. He died at Sydenham. References Works "On diseases arising from the defective expansion of the lungs in early youth" London Medical Gazette (1844) Vol. 30, pp. 705–12,785-90 A Manual of the Practice of Medicine (1856) London:John Churchill, Philadelphia:Blanchard & Lea External links Barlow's biography indexed at Munk's Roll G.H. Brown, William Munk. Lives of the fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1826-1925 Vol. 4. London : The College, 1955 19th-century English medical doctors 1806 births 1866 deaths Academic journal editors
Charles Dana Wilber (July 4, 1830, in Auburn, Ohio – December 20, 1891, in Aurora, Illinois) was a land speculator, journalist , author, and a noted booster of the American West as a site of agricultural development. He founded the town of Wilber, Nebraska in 1873. Born in Auburn, Ohio, Wilber is best known for coining the phrase "Rain follows the plow," a paraphrase of earlier American climatologists, notably the United States Geological Survey's official agronomist for the Hayden Survey of 1871, Cyrus Thomas. His principal book, The Great Valleys and Prairies of Nebraska and the Northwest was published in 1881. A single paragraph from this work exemplified Wilber's thesis that the Trans-Mississippi West was destined for agrarian settlement and that conversion from desert to the garden would result from the condensation of humid wind: "Suppose (an army of frontier farmers) 50 miles, in width, from Manitoba to Texas, could acting in concert, turn over the prairie sod, and after deep plowing and receiving the rain and moisture, present a new surface of green growing crops instead of dry, hard-baked earth covered with sparse buffalo grass. No one can question or doubt the inevitable effect of this cooling condensing surface upon the moisture in the atmosphere as it moves over by the Western winds. A reduction of temperature must at once occur, accompanied by the usual phenomena of showers. The chief agency in this transformation is agriculture. To be more concise. Rain follows the plow." References Passioura, John, "The Drought Environment: Physical, Biological and Agricultural Perspectives," Journal of Experimental Botany, V.58, #2 (2008), p. 113. "Rain Follows the Plow", Episode Seven, The West, PBS Wilber, Charles Dana, The Great Valleys and Prairies of Nebraska and the Northwest. Omaha, Nebraska: Daily Republican Printing Company, 1881. External links "Rain Follows the Plow", Episode Seven, The West, PBS 1830 births 1891 deaths History of the American West 19th-century American journalists American male journalists 19th-century American male writers People from Geauga County, Ohio People from Wilber, Nebraska
Christopher Michael is an American actor, director and writer, who is most famous for portraying Sergeant/Detective/Captain/Chief Michaels on 7th Heaven. He appeared in over 45 episodes throughout the show's 243-episode run. Filmography The Escapist (1983) as Radio Station Executive South Bronx Heroes (1985) as Big Zeke Heartbreak Ridge (1986) as Marine (as Christopher Lee Michael) Identity Crisis (1989) as Jailor New Jack City (1991) as Bailiff Guyver: Dark Hero (1994) as Commander Atkins The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1995) as Juror #2 Family Matters, Episode: "My Uncle the Hero" as Police officer who brought in a pick pocket suspect (1995) The Cable Guy (1996) as Arresting Officer 7th Heaven (1996–2007) as Sergeant/Detective/Captain/Chief Michaels ’’Fools Rush In’’ (1997) as Dam Police Officer who delivers baby The Wayans Bros., Episode: “Fire!” as Arson Investigator (1998) Friends (2001) as Airport Security Officer (deleted scene) New Alcatraz (2002) as Captain Thomas Drake & Josh (2004) as Doctor, Episode: "Dune Buggy" "24" (2008) as security officer at the FBI: Washington, DC branch iCarly (2007, 2009) as Officer Carl, Episode: "iWant More Viewers" The Young and the Restless (2009) as Jail Guard The Secret Life of the American Teenager (2008-2012) as football coach/ interim guidance counselor at fiction Ulysses S. Grant High School Hard Flip (2012) as Ralph Grey's Anatomy (2012) as Ray Castle (2014) as Officer Simms (episode "Driven") Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2014) as Officer Hank Community (2015) as Security Guard #2 (episode "Laws of Robotics & Party Rights") External links Living people Year of birth missing (living people) American male television actors
YPB or ypb may refer to: YPB, the IATA code for Port Alberni (Alberni Valley Regional) Airport, British Columbia, Canada ypb, the ISO 639-3 code for Labo Phowa language, China
Brier Hill is a neighborhood in Youngstown, Ohio, that was once viewed as the city's "Little Italy." The neighborhood, which was the site of the city's first Italian settlement, stretches along the western edge of Youngstown's lower north side and encircles St. Anthony's Church, an Italian-American Roman Catholic parish. Each year, at the end of August, the Brier Hill Fest attracts thousands of visitors from Northeast Ohio and Western Pennsylvania. Early history The area encompassing the Brier Hill neighborhood was originally owned by Youngstown industrialist George Tod, who established a farm on the neighborhood's brier-covered hills around 1801. Tod called the agricultural enterprise Brier Hill. This semi-rural area was transformed irrevocably when coal was discovered in the hills in and around Brier Hill. The neighborhood drew thousands of immigrants seeking work in the mines, and Brier Hill became Youngstown's oldest working-class neighborhood. The first iron furnace in the neighborhood was opened by the Tod family in 1847. By the 1880s, blast furnaces and rolling mills were established in close proximity to the coal mines, a practical arrangement, given that Brier Hill mines provided coal for the mills. The surrounding neighborhood grew in tandem, as more housing was built for miners, iron workers, and their families. By the opening of the 20th century, the rapid expansion of the industry in Brier Hill had turned the area into the main entry point for Youngstown's immigrants. The largest groups were Italians, Welsh, Irish, Germans, and African Americans. Given its relative isolation from downtown Youngstown, Brier Hill developed independently and established its own schools as well as a post office, and churches. During the early 20th century, the neighborhood hosted at least four churches. These included the Catholic parishes of St. Anthony's, St. Ann's, and St. Casimir's as well as the Episcopal parish of St. Rocco's. The neighborhood remained an unincorporated village (outside of Youngstown Township) until 1900, when it was absorbed by the city. Current challenges Like many urban neighborhoods, Brier Hill faces an uncertain future. Beginning in the 1950s, large swaths of the neighborhood were razed to make way for urban renewal projects, including the building of modern expressways. Brier Hill was further depopulated by economic dislocations that came with the decline, and eventual collapse, of Youngstown's steel industry. Today, all that remains of a once-vibrant ethnic enclave is the ITAM Post (Italian-American War Veterans' Club), a bandstand, Modarelli's Salumeria, and the memorial wall. The ground floor of the ITAM Post was once the site of the Forde family butcher shop, owned and operated by Italian immigrants Frank and Catherine Forde (Fiordilisi). The structure's second floor served as the Fordes' residence, where they raised eight children. A concrete marker on the building's facade features the inscription, "Forde 1921". Other Italian enclaves Although many neighborhoods and communities in the Youngstown area had large Italian-American populations—including Smoky Hollow, the near East Side, East Youngstown (now Campbell), Struthers, and Lowellville—Brier Hill was widely recognized as the city's unofficial Little Italy. Pizza The neighborhood was the birthplace of "Brier Hill pizza", a home-style recipe with origins in the Basilicata region of Italy. Brier Hill pizza is prepared with a generous amount of thick "Sunday sauce", bell peppers and romano cheese, as opposed to the more typical mozzarella. It is one of several dishes the Youngstown area prides itself upon, in much the same way New Yorkers value their distinctive thin-crusted New York-style pizza. Neighborhood progress Local activists from the Pro-Yo Party and the ITAM (Post 12) are working to make Brier Hill a Sister-City/"Cugin" Community of San Pietro Avellana (Isernia). San Pietro is a small village in the Apennine hills of Southeastern Italy that is the ancestral home of many Italian Americans in the Youngstown area. Notable residents James Farragher, Notre Dame football team coach (1902–1903) Jack Scheible, Major league baseball player (1893–1894) David Tod, Civil War governor of Ohio (1862–1864) See also Youngstown Neighborhoods Youngstown Sheet and Tube Other Italian Neighborhoods in NE Ohio: Little Italy, Cleveland Lowellville, Ohio References External links City of Youngstown (official site) Youngstown 2010 Plan (official site) - includes Neighborhood Maps & Demographics Italian-American culture in Ohio Neighborhoods in Youngstown, Ohio
```twig {% extends "../../../layout.twig" %} {% set page_title = 'Validation' %} {% set page_slug = '/functionality/validation/' %} {% block page %} <h1 id="validation">{{page_title}}</h1> <p>Validate a submitted value before continuing the form flow using javascript.</p> <ul> <li>OBS. eval is used.</li> <li>Asyncronous, so a value can be validated through a server</li> <li>three parameters is passed to the method <ul> <li>dto: FlowDTO</li> <li>success: () => void //callback</li> <li>error: (optionalErrorMessage?: string) => void //callback</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><input type="text" cf-validation="window.lastnameCheck" /></code></pre> <pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="html">var lastnameCheck = function(dto, success, error){ console.log("testValidation, dto:", dto, success, error); if(dto.text.toLowerCase().indexOf("holmes") != -1) return success(); return error(); };</code></pre> <h2 id="validate-using-flowstepcallback">Using flowStepCallback</h2> <pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="html">var conversationalForm = window.cf.ConversationalForm.startTheConversation({ formEl: document.getElementById("form"), context: document.getElementById("cf-context"), flowStepCallback: function(dto, success, error){ if(dto.tag.id == "firstname"){ if(dto.tag.value.toLowerCase() === "sherlock"){ return success(); }else{ return error(); } //conversationalForm.stop("Stopping form, but added value"); }else if(dto.tag.name == "gender"){ if(dto.tag.value[0] === "male"){ return success(); }else{ return error(); } } return success(); } });</code></pre> <h2 id="validation-example">Example using both validation strategies</h2> <p data-height="436" data-theme-id="light" data-slug-hash="ypOwGN" data-default-tab="js,result" data-user="space10" data-embed-version="2" data-pen-title="Conversational Forms - Validation" class="codepen">See the Pen <a href="path_to_url">Conversational Forms - Validation</a> by SPACE10 (<a href="path_to_url">@space10</a>) on <a href="path_to_url">CodePen</a>.</p> <script async src="path_to_url"></script> {% endblock %} ```
Theobroma cacao (cacao tree or cocoa tree) is a small ( tall) evergreen tree in the family Malvaceae. Its seeds, cocoa beans, are used to make chocolate liquor, cocoa solids, cocoa butter and chocolate. Native to the tropics of the Americas, the largest producer of cocoa beans in 2018 was Ivory Coast, at 2.2 million tons. Description Its leaves are alternate, entire, unlobed, long and broad. Flowers The flowers are produced in clusters directly on the trunk and older branches; this is known as cauliflory. The flowers are small, diameter, with pink calyx. The floral formula, used to represent the structure of a flower using numbers, is ✶ K5 C5 A(5°+52) (5). While many of the world's flowers are pollinated by bees (Hymenoptera) or butterflies/moths (Lepidoptera), cacao flowers are pollinated by tiny flies, Forcipomyia midges in the subfamily Forcipomyiinae. Using the natural pollinator Forcipomyia midges for Theobroma cacao was shown to have more fruit production than using artificial pollinators. Fruit The fruit, called a cacao pod, is ovoid, long and wide, ripening yellow to orange, and weighs about when ripe. The pod contains 20 to 60 seeds, usually called "beans", embedded in a white pulp. The seeds are the main ingredient of chocolate, while the pulp is used in some countries to prepare refreshing juice, smoothies, jelly, and cream. Usually discarded until practices changed in the 21st century, the fermented pulp may be distilled into an alcoholic beverage. Each seed contains a significant amount of fat (40–50%) as cocoa butter. The fruit's active constituent is the stimulant theobromine, a compound similar to caffeine. Nomenclature The generic name Theobroma is derived from the Greek for "food of the gods"; from (), meaning 'god' or 'divine', and (), meaning 'food'. The specific name cacao is the Hispanization of the name given to the plant in indigenous Mesoamerican languages such as in Tzeltal, Kʼicheʼ and Classic Maya; in Sayula Popoluca; and in Nahuatl meaning "bean of the cocoa-tree". Taxonomy Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is one of 26 species belonging to the genus Theobroma classified under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the mallow family Malvaceae. In 2008, researchers proposed a new classification based upon morphological, geographic, and genomic criteria: 10 groups have been named according to their geographic origin or the traditional cultivar name. These groups are: Amelonado, Criollo, Nacional, Contamana, Curaray, Cacao guiana, Iquitos, Marañon, Nanay, and Purús. Distribution and domestication T. cacao is widely distributed from southeastern Mexico to the Amazon basin. There were originally two hypotheses about its domestication; one said that there were two foci for domestication, one in the Lacandon Jungle area of Mexico and another in lowland South America. More recent studies of patterns of DNA diversity, however, suggest that this is not the case. One study sampled 1241 trees and classified them into 10 distinct genetic clusters. This study also identified areas, for example around Iquitos in modern Peru and Ecuador, where representatives of several genetic clusters originated more than 5000 years ago, leading to development of the variety, Nacional cocoa bean. This result suggests that this is where T. cacao was originally domesticated, probably for the pulp that surrounds the beans, which is eaten as a snack and fermented into a mildly alcoholic beverage. Using the DNA sequences and comparing them with data derived from climate models and the known conditions suitable for cacao, one study refined the view of domestication, linking the area of greatest cacao genetic diversity to a bean-shaped area that encompasses Ecuador, the border between Brazil and Peru and the southern part of the Colombian–Brazilian border. Climate models indicate that at the peak of the last ice age 21,000 years ago, when habitat suitable for cacao was at its most reduced, this area was still suitable, and so provided a refugium for the species. Cacao trees grow well as understory plants in humid forest ecosystems. This is equally true of abandoned cultivated trees, making it difficult to distinguish truly wild trees from those whose parents may originally have been cultivated. Currency system Cacao beans constituted both a ritual beverage and a major currency system in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations. At one point, the Aztec empire received a yearly tribute of 980 loads () of cacao, in addition to other goods. Each load represented exactly 8,000 beans. The buying power of quality beans was such that 80–100 beans could buy a new cloth mantle. The use of cacao beans as currency is also known to have spawned counterfeiters during the Aztec empire. Cultivation In 2016, cocoa beans were cultivated on roughly worldwide. Cocoa beans are grown by large agroindustrial plantations and small producers, the bulk of production coming from millions of farmers with small plots. A tree begins to bear when it is four or five years old. A mature tree may have 6,000 flowers in a year, yet only about 20 pods. About 1,200 seeds (40 pods) are required to produce of cocoa paste. Historically, chocolate makers have recognized three main cultivar groups of cacao beans used to make cocoa and chocolate: Forastero, Criollo and Trinitario. The most prized, rare, and expensive is the Criollo group, the cocoa bean used by the Maya. Only 10% of chocolate is made from Criollo, which is arguably less bitter and more aromatic than any other bean. In November 2000, the cacao beans coming from Chuao were awarded an appellation of origin under the title (from Spanish: 'cacao of Chuao'). The cacao bean in 80% of chocolate is made using beans of the Forastero group, the main and most ubiquitous variety being the Amenolado variety, while the Arriba variety (such as the Nacional variety) are less commonly found in Forastero produce. Forastero trees are significantly hardier and more disease-resistant than Criollo trees, resulting in cheaper cacao beans. Major cocoa bean processors include Hershey's, Nestlé and Mars, all of which purchase cocoa beans via various sources. Chocolate can be made from T. cacao through a process of steps that involve harvesting, fermenting of T. cacao pulp, drying, harvesting, and then extraction. Roasting T. cacao by using superheated steam was found to be better than conventional roasting (use of ovens) because it resulted in same quality of cocoa beans in a shorter amount of time. Production In 2018, world production of cocoa beans was , led by Ivory Coast with 37% of the total. Other major producers were Ghana (18%) and Indonesia (11%). Conservation The pests and diseases to which cacao is subject, along with climate change, mean that new varieties will be needed to respond to these challenges. Breeders rely on the genetic diversity conserved in field genebanks to create new varieties, because cacao has recalcitrant seeds that cannot be stored in a conventional genebank. In an effort to improve the diversity available to breeders, and ensure the future of the field genebanks, experts have drawn up A Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Cacao Genetic Resources, as the Foundation for a Sustainable Cocoa Economy. The strategy has been adopted by the cacao producers and their clients, and seeks to improve the characterization of cacao diversity, the sustainability and diversity of the cacao collections, the usefulness of the collections, and to ease access to better information about the conserved material. Some natural areas of cacao diversity are protected by various forms of conservation, for example national parks. However, a recent study of genetic diversity and predicted climates suggests that many of those protected areas will no longer be suitable for cacao by 2050. It also identifies an area around Iquitos in Peru that will remain suitable for cacao and that is home to considerable genetic diversity, and recommends that this area be considered for protection. Other projects, such as the International Cocoa Quarantine Centre, aim to combat cacao diseases and preserve genetic diversity. Phytopathogens (parasitic organisms) cause much damage to Theobroma cacao plantations around the world. Many of those phytopathogens, which include many of the pests named below, were analyzed using mass spectrometry and allow for guiding on the correct approaches to get rid of the specific phytopathogens. This method was found to be quick, reproducible, and accurate showing promising results in the future to prevent damage to Theobroma cacao by various phytopathogens. A specific type of bacteria Streptomyces camerooniansis was found to be beneficial for T. cacao by helping plant growth by accelerating seed germination of T. cacao, inhibiting growth of various types of microorganisms (such as different oomycetes, fungi, and bacteria), and preventing rotting by Phytophthora megakarya. Pests Various plant pests and diseases can cause serious problems for cacao production. Insects Cocoa mirids or capsids worldwide (but especially Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma in West Africa and Helopeltis spp. in Southeast Asia) Bathycoelia thalassina - West AfricaConopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer – in Southeast Asia)Carmenta theobromae - C. & S. America FungiMoniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot)Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom)Ceratocystis cacaofunesta (mal de machete) or (Ceratocystis wilt)Verticillium dahliaeOncobasidium theobromae (vascular streak dieback) OomycetesPhytophthora spp. (black pod) especially Phytophthora megakarya in West Africa Viruses Cacao swollen shoot virus Mistletoe Rats and other vertebrate pests (squirrels, woodpeckers, etc.) Genome The genome of T. cacao is diploid, its size is 430 Mbp, and it comprises 10 chromosome pairs (2n=2x=20). In September 2010, a team of scientists announced a draft sequence of the cacao genome (Matina1-6 genotype). In a second, unrelated project, the International Cocoa Genome Sequencing Consortium-ICGS, co-ordinated by CIRAD, first published in December 2010 (online, paper publication in January 2011), the sequence of the cacao genome, of the Criollo cacao (of a landrace from Belize, B97-61/B2). In their publication, they reported a detailed analysis of the genomic and genetic data. The sequence of the cacao genome identified 28,798 protein-coding genes, compared to the roughly 23,000 protein-coding genes of the human genome. About 20% of the cacao genome consists of transposable elements, a low proportion compared to other plant species. Many genes were identified as coding for flavonoids, aromatic terpenes, theobromine and many other metabolites involved in cocoa flavor and quality traits, among which a relatively high proportion code for polyphenols, which constitute up to 8% of cacao pods dry weight. The cacao genome appears close to the hypothetical hexaploid ancestor of all dicotyledonous plants, and it is proposed as an evolutionary mechanism by which the 21 chromosomes of the dicots' hypothetical hexaploid ancestor underwent major fusions leading to cacao's 10 chromosome pairs. The genome sequence enables cacao molecular biology and breeding for elite varieties through marker-assisted selection, in particular for genetic resistance to fungal, oomycete and viral diseases responsible for huge yield losses each year. In 2017–18, due to concerns about survivability of cacao plants in an era of global warming in which climates become more extreme in the narrow band of latitudes where cacao is grown (20 degrees north and south of the equator), the commercial company, Mars, Incorporated and the University of California, Berkeley are using CRISPR to adjust DNA for improved hardiness of cacao in hot climates. History of cultivation Despite its original domestication having taken place in the upper Amazon probably c. 4000 years ago, cultivation, use, and cultural elaboration of cacao were early and extensive in Mesoamerica. Ceramic vessels with residues from the preparation of cacao beverages have been found at archaeological sites dating back to the Early Formative (1900–900 BC) period. For example, one such vessel found at an Olmec archaeological site on the Gulf Coast of Veracruz, Mexico dates cacao's preparation by pre-Olmec peoples as early as 1750 BC. On the Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico, a Mokaya archaeological site provides evidence of cacao beverages dating even earlier, to 1900 BC. The initial domestication was probably related to the making of a fermented, thus alcoholic, beverage. In 2018, researchers who analysed the genome of cultivated cacao trees concluded that the domesticated cacao trees all originated from a single domestication event that occurred about 3,600 years ago somewhere in Central America. Several mixtures of cacao are described in ancient texts, for ceremonial or medicinal, as well as culinary, purposes. Some mixtures included maize, chili, vanilla (Vanilla planifolia), and honey. Archaeological evidence for use of cacao, while relatively sparse, has come from the recovery of whole cacao beans at Uaxactun, Guatemala and from the preservation of wood fragments of the cacao tree at Belize sites including Cuello and Pulltrouser Swamp. In addition, analysis of residues from ceramic vessels has found traces of theobromine and caffeine in early formative vessels from Puerto Escondido, Honduras (1100–900 BC) and in middle formative vessels from Colha, Belize (600–400 BC) using similar techniques to those used to extract chocolate residues from four classic period (around 400 AD) vessels from a tomb at the Maya archaeological site of Rio Azul. As cacao is the only known commodity from Mesoamerica containing both of these alkaloid compounds, it seems likely these vessels were used as containers for cacao drinks. In addition, cacao is named in a hieroglyphic text on one of the Rio Azul vessels. Cacao is also believed to have been ground by the Aztecs and mixed with tobacco for smoking purposes. Cocoa was being domesticated by the Mayo Chinchipe of the upper Amazon around 3,000 BC. Modern history The first European knowledge about chocolate ¿? came in the form of a beverage which was first introduced to the Spanish at their meeting with Moctezuma in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan in 1519. Cortés and others noted the vast quantities of this beverage the Aztec emperor consumed, and how it was carefully whipped by his attendants beforehand. Examples of cacao beans, along with other agricultural products, were brought back to Spain at that time, but it seems the beverage made from cacao was introduced to the Spanish court in 1544 by Kekchi Maya nobles brought from the New World to Spain by Dominican friars to meet Prince Philip. Within a century, chocolate had spread to France, England and elsewhere in Western Europe. Demand for this beverage led the French to establish cacao plantations in the Caribbean, while Spain subsequently developed their cacao plantations in their Venezuelan and Philippine colonies (Bloom 1998, Coe 1996). A painting by Dutch Golden Age artist Albert Eckhout shows a wild cacao tree in mid-seventeenth century Dutch Brazil. The Nahuatl-derived Spanish word cacao entered scientific nomenclature in 1753 after the Swedish naturalist Linnaeus published his taxonomic binomial system and coined the genus and species Theobroma cacao. Traditional pre-Hispanic beverages made with cacao are still consumed in Mesoamerica. These include the Oaxacan beverage known as tejate. Culture The Maya believed the (cacao) was discovered by the gods in a mountain that also contained other delectable foods to be used by them. According to Maya mythology, the Plumed Serpent gave cacao to the Maya after humans were created from maize by divine grandmother goddess Xmucane. The Maya celebrated an annual festival in April to honor their cacao god, Ek Chuah, an event that included the sacrifice of a dog with cacao-colored markings, additional animal sacrifices, offerings of cacao, feathers and incense, and an exchange of gifts. In a similar creation story, the Mexica (Aztec) god Quetzalcoatl discovered cacao (: "bitter water"), in a mountain filled with other plant foods. Cacao was offered regularly to a pantheon of Mexica deities and the Madrid Codex depicts priests lancing their ear lobes (autosacrifice) and covering the cacao with blood as a suitable sacrifice to the gods. The cacao beverage was used as a ritual only by men, as it was believed to be an intoxicating food unsuitable for women and children. Gallery See also Ceratonia siliqua'', the carob tree Kola nut References Further reading External links International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) – includes cacao daily market prices and charts cacao Cacao Agriculture in Mesoamerica Agriculture in Ecuador Chocolate Cocoa production Components of chocolate Crops Crops originating from Ecuador Crops originating from Peru Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Crops originating from indigenous Americans
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Chica da Silva: A Brazilian Slave of the Eighteen Century is a book by historian Júnia Ferreira Furtado published by Cambridge University Press in 2009. It details the life of Chica da Silva, an eighteenth-century Brazilian woman who gained her freedom. Critical reception Review by Mariana L. R. Dantas in the Journal of Social History 44 (Spring 2011): 950-952. Review by Katherine Holt in the Journal of World History 22 (2011): 391-393. Review by Beatriz Mamigonian in Slavery & Abolition 31(2010): 300-302. References History books about Brazil
This is a list of the number-one hits of 2012 on FIMI's Italian Singles and Albums Charts. See also 2012 in music List of number-one hits in Italy References Number-one hits Italy 2012
Men vs. Women () is a 2010 Italian comedy film directed by Fausto Brizzi. A sequel entitled Women vs. Men (Femmine contro maschi) was released in February 2011. Cast References External links 2010 films Films directed by Fausto Brizzi Films produced by Fulvio Lucisano Films scored by Bruno Zambrini 2010s Italian-language films 2010 comedy films Italian comedy films 2010s Italian films
Olga Tufnell (26 January 1905 – 11 April 1985) was a British archaeologist who assisted on the excavation of the ancient city of Lachish in the 1930s. She had no formal training in archaeology, but had worked as a secretary for Flinders Petrie for a number of years before being given a field assignment. Olga then went on to join James Leslie Starkey in the expedition to find Lachish in 1929 and remained part of the team for the following seasons. When Starkey was killed in 1938, the team finished the season then closed the site. Olga volunteered to write up the report of the dig and spent the following twenty years researching and writing up the majority of the excavation report. Olga's work has been regarded as the "pre-eminent source book for Palestinian archeology". Once the report was published, she turned her attention to cataloguing scarabs and other seals. Many of Olga Tufnell's original letters and photographs are housed today at the Palestine Exploration Fund in London. Those published from 1927-1938 provide insights into dig life and archaeology, as well as the wider socio-cultural, political, and gendered context of colonial life within Mandate-era Palestine. Early life Olga Tufnell was born on 26 January 1905 in Sudbury, Suffolk to a prominent landholding family. Her father, Beauchamp Le Fevre Tufnell had been a second lieutenant in the 4th Battalion of Essex Regiment, and her mother, Blanche, maintained a broad range of cultural interests, as well as working with the Anglo-Czech Society. Olga was a middle child with two brothers, Joliffe Gilbert Tufnell and Louis de Saumarez Tufnell. She spent her early life in Little Waltham, and was educated at schools in London and Belgium before going to finishing school in Italy. When Olga had completed her time at the finishing school in 1922, she went to help her mother's close friend Hilda Petrie and her husband Sir Flinders Petrie, with an exhibition of their recent finds at University College London, before taking on a secretarial role at the British School of Archaeology in Egypt. She held the position of Hilda Petrie's secretary for five years, though she described it as "dull and repetitive work" in fundraising, but also spent some time drawing and repairing pottery. Olga's work evidently impressed Sir Flinders who, at the end of 1927, offered her an opportunity to assist him in the field in 1928. Expeditions Although Sir Flinders himself did not join the expedition in 1929, he sent Olga with a group of other archaeologists to Qau, where they spent two months recording the reliefs from the tombs of the ancient rulers. She and a few colleagues, including Gerald Lankester Harding, then joined the season's primary expedition, which was being led by James Leslie Starkey at the Tell Far'a tomb group in Palestine. During the time she would not only supervise the work of a team, but also ran an evening clinic for the Arab workers and families, as well as other local people. In all, she would help up to forty people per day with minor injuries or upset stomachs. Sir Flinders joined the group in 1930 and after reviewing Olga's work, allowed her to publish it under her own name. In 1931, during the Petrie expedition to Tell el-'Ajjul, Olga discovered a Hyksos tomb which included a horse burial. In 1932, Starkey secured funding from Charles Marston and Henry Wellcome to start an expedition apart from the Petries, which Olga joined. The Wellcome-Marston expedition was to focus on the excavation of the ancient city of Lachish, a stronghold mentioned in the Bible. Over the next six years, the team made some important finds, including the Lachish letters, but the work was interrupted by the murder of Starkey, while he was en route to the opening of the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem. The remaining team finished during the 1938/9 season, then closed the site. Olga wrote the final report. Return to London The Wellcome Foundation allowed Olga some rooms at St John's Lodge in London's Regent's Park, where the University College London's Institute of Archaeology had recently been established. Her work was almost immediately put on hold due to the outbreak of World War II, as Olga was co-opted to the BBC Arabic radio station due to her association with the Middle East. Around the same time, she also became an air raid warden. At the end of the war, she returned to her work on the report. She controversially published findings that held that the time period between two occupational levels, Level II (preceding Babylonian conquest by Nebuchadnezzar) and Level III (preceding Assyrian conquest by Sennacherib) was likely to be in the range of 100 years, rather than a decade, as Starkey had suggested. Although the majority held that Starkey's interpretation was more likely, in 1973 subsequent excavations vindicated her opinion. In 1951, Olga became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. She was proud of this award and called it one of her "greatest achievements". Olga continued to study and to write up the Lachish report for 20 years, with the final publication (Lachish IV) in 1957. Whilst writing the report, she dealt with requests related to the excavation, including distributing the Lachish finds and sending some "unwanted pots" to a school museum. The multi-volume report was described as the "pre-eminent source book for Palestinian archaeology". Later life Once the full report had been published, Olga turned her attention to the study of scarabs, working with William Ayres Ward. Although many scholars dismissed the field of scarabs and seals as "unreliable of chronology", Olga meticulously recorded the dimensions and styles of the artefacts. She was an early adopter of the use of computers for measurement of the scarabs and she was due to present a paper on that use of computers just days after her death in April 1985. In 1983, 50 years after the initial excavations, Olga was invited back to the site of Lachish, to see the more modern excavations by University of Tel Aviv. There she was greeted by 200 local archaeologists, who welcomed her enthusiastically. References 1905 births 1985 deaths 20th-century British women scientists 20th-century British archaeologists People from Sudbury, Suffolk Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London British women archaeologists Archaeologists of the Near East 20th-century British women writers British women historians Civil Defence Service personnel Tel Lachish
Yinka Sunmonu (born 1962) is a British writer and journalist. Life Yinka Sunmonu was born in 1962 in London. She gained a BA in English, African and Caribbean Studies and a MA in creative and life writing from Goldsmiths' College. Sunmonu contributed a story to the 1999 anthology Afrobeat: New Black British Fiction. Her first novel, Cherish, followed the conflicts of a Nigerian girl privately fostered by a white family. An expert on adoption and fostering in the black community, Sunmonu has also written on dementia care in the black community. She has written for Aspire Magazine, West Africa, Community Care, Woman to Woman, The Voice, Foster Care and Adoption & Fostering. Works 'Why black carers are deterred from adoption'. Adoption & Fostering, Vol. 24, Issue 1 (April 2000), pp. 59–60. Cherish. London: Mango Publishing, 2003. References 1962 births Living people Black British journalists English women journalists English women novelists Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London Black British women writers
Buckshot is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yuma County, Arizona, United States. The population was 153 at the 2010 census. Redondo Lake, a reservoir holding seepage from the Gila Gravity Main Canal, is located to the north of Buckshot. Geography Buckshot is located at (32.7404, −114.482886), in the Gila River Valley. According to the United States Geological Survey, the CDP has a total area of , consisting of of land and of water. Demographics Buckshot first appeared on the 2010 U.S. Census as a census-designated place (CDP). As of the 2010 census, there were 153 people living in the CDP: 85 male and 68 female. 29 were 19 years old or younger, 10 were ages 20–34, 13 were between the ages of 35 and 49, 28 were between 50 and 64, and the remaining 73 were aged 65 and above. The median age was 63.8 years. The racial makeup of the CDP was 92.2% White, 3.3% American Indian 0.7% Black or African American, 2.0% Other, and 2% two or more races. 29.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 66 households in the CDP, 51 family households (77.3%) and 15 non-family households (22.7%), with an average household size of 2.32. Of the family households, 44 were married couples living together, 1 single father and 6 single mothers; while the non-family households included 14 adults living alone: 10 male and 4 female. The CDP contained 75 housing units, of which 66 were occupied and 9 were vacant. References External links Redondo Lake at the Arizona Game and Fish Department Census-designated places in Yuma County, Arizona Census-designated places in Arizona
```c #include <ctype.h> int tolower(int c) { if (isupper(c)) return c \| 32; return c; } int __tolower_l(int c, locale_t l) { return tolower(c); } weak_alias(__tolower_l, tolower_l); ```
Cudgel (1914–1941) was an American two-time Champion Thoroughbred racehorse. Trained by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee H. Guy Bedwell, Cudgel is probably best remembered for his win in the 1919 Havre de Grace Handicap in which he defeated two future Hall of Fame inductees, Exterminator and Sir Barton. Cudgel's racing record is incomplete, especially at ages two and three when he raced primarily in "the west" (a term then used for racetracks in Kentucky and other states away from the East Coast). At age two in 1916, he won the Hamburg Place and Mt. Lookout Handicaps and was third in the Glenview Handicap. At age three, he won the Latonia Independence and Madisonville Handicaps, and was second in the Latonia Derby. He finished eleventh in the 1917 Kentucky Derby. In August, he was purchased by Canadian J. K. L. Ross for $30,000. At age four in 1918, Cudgel was relocated to the east coast where he developed into the champion older horse of the year, winning five major stakes races. In the Pimlico Spring Handicap on May 8, he beat Omar Khayyam, the previous year's three-year-old champion. On May 19, he beat Spur in the Kings County Handicap. He briefly returned to Kentucky where he won the Kentucky Handicap on June 1. Travelling back to New York, he beat future Hall of Famer Roamer in the Brooklyn Handicap on June 24 while carrying top weight of 129 pounds. On August 16, he set an American record of 1:56 for miles while winning the Schenectady Handicap at Saratoga by a nose over Westy Hogan. He carried 131 pounds in the race, 5 pounds more than Westy Hogan. After this, he lost several races but returned to form in the Liberty Handicap on September 27, winning handily despite conceding 48 pounds to the runner-up. After another loss, he finished the season by winning the Dixie Handicap at Laurel racetrack "with ridiculous ease" over Midway and Omar Khayyam. The next year, despite a long layoff between May and August as a result of an injury, he came back to share Champion Older Horse honors with Sun Briar. At Stud After retiring from racing, Cudgel stood at stud Ross's Yarrow Brae Stud near Laurel, Maryland. A successful sire, his best offspring were Fluvanna, 1923 American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly, and Froth Blower, who won the 1931 King's Plate, Canada's most prestigious race. Cudgel died in October 1941 at age twenty-seven. Pedigree References Cudgel racing and offspring statistics at The Triple Crown database August 16, 1919 New York Times article on Cudgel's win in the Hudson Handicap at Saratoga Race Course 1914 racehorse births 1941 racehorse deaths Thoroughbred family 4-a Racehorses bred in New Jersey Racehorses trained in the United States American Champion racehorses
Matthew Wolfgang Stolper is Professor of Assyriology and the John A. Wilson Professor of Oriental Studies in the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago. He received a B.A. from Harvard in 1965, an M.A. from the University of Michigan in 1967, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1974. Professor Stolper's earlier interests were centered on Babylonian legal texts, but his most current work involves the Persepolis Fortification Project. He and a team of student employees are currently racing to document the Persepolis Fortification Archive, a collection of Achaemenid administrative records from Persepolis written mostly in Elamite (though a Greek and, surprisingly, an Old Persian tablet have been discovered). His publications are numerous, including: The šaknu of Nippur, The Kasr Archive, Babylonian Evidence for the End of the Reign of Darius I: A Correction, A Note on Yahwistic Personal Names in the Murašû Texts, A Late-Achaemenid Lease from the Rich Collection, "Yet Another Iranian Loanword in Late Babylonian: Babyl. mašǎ̄ka < Ir. *važ̵ ā̆ka, Fifth Century Nippur: Texts of the Murašûs and from Their Surroundings, Some Ghost Facts from Achaemenid Babylonian Texts, The Governor of Babylon and Across-the-River in 486 B. C., Review: Iranians in Babylonia and A Paper Chase after the Aramaic on TCL 13 193. Among his publications on the Elamite language are: Texts from Tall-i Malyan, I: Elamite Administrative Texts (1972-1974), Elam: Surveys of Political History and Archaeology and Entrepreneurs and Empire: The Murašû Archive, the Murašû Firm, and Persian Rule in Babylonia. In addition to doing important scholarly work, Stolper is also active in campus life at the University of Chicago. He recently argued for hamantash in the Great Latke-Hamantash Debate, an annual university tradition. Hamantash traditionally loses this debate, and Stolper's valiant efforts resulted in no change, despite the fact that he showed adorable pictures of his dog and constant companion, Baxter. Stolper also has a healthy mythology surrounding him at the Oriental Institute. He is widely credited with the invention of "Stolper's Law", which stipulates that, when translating Akkadian, an unknown adjective is likely to mean "pure", and an unknown verb probably means "destroy". Revolutionary teaching methods have also been attributed to Stolper, who refers to himself as the "Stolperstein", or stumbling block. A reference to this teaching method can be found on the forthcoming Latke-Hamantash debate DVD, as the moderator cited it before Professor Stolper's speech. Stolper is also renowned for his quips concerning the Akkadian language. As one of his students fondly recalls in an entry entitled "Akkadian is so easy", he told his class: "It takes only a couple of years to learn all the Akkadian you need to pass a comprehensive exam. It takes much longer to get a degree in French Lit, so obviously Akkadian is easier than French. Those scribes had pretty short life spans, so it must not take too long to get good at Akkadian. Reading a newspaper in English is 100 times more complex than reading a cuneiform tablet." There are similar accounts concerning Old Persian: "For a modern student, to learn the Old Persian script is a work of scarcely an hour. For a literate ancient speaker of the language, for whom the ambiguities left by the orthographic rules were not an obstacle, it would have been a work of minutes." Much like Schrödinger's cat, the Persepolis Fortification Team has discussed the possibility of writing a book entitled Stolper's Dog: The Secret Wisdom of the Elamites. It would include such pithy sayings as: “No-one has exact information except for you.”- A communication between Babylon and Uruk in the first Achaemenid reigns. References American Assyriologists Iranologists Living people Harvard University alumni University of Michigan alumni University of Chicago faculty Year of birth missing (living people) Assyriologists
Qasemabad-e Qanat Shur (, also Romanized as Qāsemābād-e Qanāt Shūr; also known as Qāsemābād) is a village in Kahrizak Rural District, Kahrizak District, Ray County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 43, in 11 families. References Populated places in Ray County, Iran
Donington Park is a motorway service station owned by Moto, near Kegworth village in the English East Midlands. It is accessed from the M1 motorway by junctions 23a (from the south) and 24 (from the north), and is part of the complex of junctions involving the A42, A453, A50 and A6 roads. The service station is adjacent to East Midlands Airport and the East Midlands Gateway freight terminal, and is some from the Donington Park motorsport circuit, from which it takes its name. The service area comprises a main building, with car parking to the north, a separate refuelling station to the east and a conservation area and lake to the south. The main building has a central three-story high atrium containing a food court, with flanking three-story wings to west and east containing retail outlets and other facilities on the ground floor, and the rooms of a Travelodge hotel in the upper floors. The main entrance to the building is from the car park to the north, whilst at the south end is an outdoor terrace overlooking the lake. From a local government perspective, the service station is in the civil parish of Long Whatton and Diseworth, the district of North West Leicestershire and the county of Leicestershire. Donington Park motorway services opened on 8 July 1999, being originally owned by Granada, which became Moto in 2001. It was one of the first to offer a whole set of non-food shops, similar to an airport, which now has been adopted as standard. The neighbouring airport has far fewer landside facilities for those awaiting arrivals (before check-in). Gallery References External links Motorway Man on Newsnight Commercial buildings completed in 1999 Transport infrastructure completed in 1999 M1 motorway service stations Moto motorway service stations Buildings and structures in Leicestershire Transport in Leicestershire North West Leicestershire District 1999 establishments in England
Rofuh Chah (, also Romanized as Rofūh Chāh; also known as Rafū Chāh, Rofū Chāh, Roof Chah, Rūbāchāh, Rubachakh, Rūfchā, and Rūfchāh) is a village in Nowsher-e Koshk-e Bijar Rural District, Khoshk-e Bijar District, Rasht County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 390, in 97 families. References Populated places in Rasht County
Frank Graves is a Canadian applied social researcher. He is the founder and president of Ekos Research Associates. Education In 1980, he quit his doctoral studies in sociology and founded Ekos Research Associates using $5,000 he borrowed from his father. Career Graves is a contract instructor with the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Carleton University and serves on the advisory board at Carleton's Sprott School of Business. In April 2010, Conservative Party President John Walsh filed a complaint with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), accusing Graves of sharing resources with the Liberal Party and belying his role as a supposedly neutral pollster. In his complaint, Walsh cited an earlier interview with Lawrence Martin where Graves acknowledged that he advised the Liberal Party to invoke a "culture war" by accusing the Conservative Party of being homophobic, racist, and autocratic. Graves was providing polling services to the CBC at the time. An investigation conducted by the CBC ombudsman concluded that "whatever Mr. Graves's private views, CBC journalists do not appear to have violated CBC's Journalistic Standards and Practices in dealing with him." Graves later apologized for what he described as his "incendiary" comments. In April 2022, Graves criticized Conservative Party of Canada leadership candidate Pierre Poilievre and his supporters in a series of Twitter messages, including a statement to Poilievre: "You are on notice. Going to make sure you are never going to lead my country. I don’t make idle threats." References 20th-century Canadian businesspeople 21st-century Canadian businesspeople Living people Pollsters
Philip H. Hamm (born 1859) was a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Hamm was born on July 5, 1859, in Reeseville, Wisconsin, where he received his education. He moved to Milwaukee in 1886 and worked as a real estate and insurance agent. He served as a member of the Milwaukee common council for four years, was a trustee of the Milwaukee public library for two years, and was a deputy game warden for one year. He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1902, beating Henry Schuz (Democrat), Anton Palmo (Social Democrat), and Gustav Griebel (Independent). Notes 1859 births American people of German descent Milwaukee Common Council members Businesspeople from Wisconsin People from Dodge County, Wisconsin Year of death missing Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
"I Love to Boogie" is a song by English rock band T. Rex. It was recorded in May 1976 and released as a single in June by record label EMI. It later appeared on T. Rex's final studio album, 1977's Dandy in the Underworld. Its B-side, "Baby Boomerang", was taken from an earlier T. Rex album, The Slider (1972). Recording "I Love to Boogie" was recorded and mixed in a single day by engineer Ian Maidman at Decibel Studio in Stamford Hill, London. Release "I Love to Boogie" was released as a single on 11 June 1976 by record label EMI. It later appeared on T. Rex's final studio album, 1977's Dandy in the Underworld. The song was in the UK charts for a total of nine weeks, peaking at No. 13. The song was released to controversy due to its resemblance to Webb Pierce's "Teenage Boogie", prompting rockabillies to attempt to burn copies of the single at an event held in a pub on the Old Kent Road, South East London. Disc jockey Geoff Barker complained that "The records are so alike it can't be a coincidence." When Pierce's publishers contacted Bolan's London office, Bolan's manager Tony Howard employed a musicologist to analyse both songs. The musicologist noted that "Teenage Boogie" was itself based on a riff that had been around long before the song was written. "I Love to Boogie" is amongst T. Rex's best known and most popular hits. Certifications In popular culture "I Love to Boogie" features in the film Billy Elliot, as the music for a dance routine with Julie Walters and Jamie Bell. The song was also played in the 2005 French/British animated movie The Magic Roundabout, when Dougal (voiced by Robbie Williams) and his friends battle the evil ice wizard Zeebad (voiced by Tom Baker) by placing the three magic diamonds at the roundabout for unfreezing their home land. References 1976 singles T. Rex (band) songs Songs written by Marc Bolan Song recordings produced by Marc Bolan EMI Records singles 1976 songs Songs about dancing
John A. Minetto State Park is a public recreation area encompassing in the towns of Goshen and Torrington, Connecticut. Facilities are available for picnicking, fishing, and cross-country skiing. The state park is managed by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. History The park is part of a flood control project initiated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, who turned the land over to state management following the completion of the Hall Meadow Brook Dam in 1962. Opened under the name Hall Meadow State Park, it was renamed in 1972 in honor of Torrington State Senator John A. Minetto. References External links John A. Minetto State Park Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection John A. Minetto State Park Map Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection State parks of Connecticut Parks in Litchfield County, Connecticut Protected areas established in 1965 Torrington, Connecticut
Compton is an unincorporated community near Leonardtown in St. Mary's County, Maryland, United States. The St. Francis Xavier Church and Newtown Manor House Historic District where listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The ZIP Code for Compton is 20627. References Unincorporated communities in St. Mary's County, Maryland Unincorporated communities in Maryland
All Saints' Church, Calbourne is a parish church in the Church of England located in Calbourne, Isle of Wight. History The church is medieval. The tower was rebuilt in 1752. The churchyard contains Commonwealth war graves of two British Army soldiers of World War I. Church status The church is grouped with Holy Spirit Church, Newtown. Organ The church has a two manual organ dating from 1873 by Forster and Andrews. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. References Church of England church buildings on the Isle of Wight
'Vecino' means either "neighbour" or resident in modern Spanish. Historically in the Spanish Empire it referred instead to a householder of considerable social position in a town or a city, and was similar to "freeman" or "freeholder." Historical use In the Spanish Empire, a vecino was a person who had a house and home in a town or city and contributed to its expenses, not necessarily living nearby; or a local figure of some worth but not an aristocrat, often the encomendero holding land in the surrounding countryside with a house within a nearby city. A person with a house in a place that he contributes to can be a vecino without living there. In the Empire the term implied a certain social status, with a meaning similar to "freeman" or "freeholder". In 17th century Seville, a vecino was a person who had received citizenship (naturaleza de vecindad) from the city, and had clearly defined rights and financial obligations. A residente (resident) had permanent residence, but did not have the rights and obligations of a vecino. In the American colonies a vecino was sometimes a person of relatively high status, more than just free. In the "Indies" (Indias)—the American colonies such as the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata—a vecino had to be married, living in the location, a property-owner, and of good public reputation. There were military formations of vecinos, and only vecinos were summoned to an open cabildo (an extraordinary open meeting of the administrative council). Although many laws referred to vecinos, and others specified qualifications of residence, property, and respectability, the term vecino as such was in general use and not explicitly defined. In the Viceroyalty, the status of vecino was important enough that the sons and daughters of vecinos who did not themselves qualify were referred to as hijo de vecino (son or daughter of a vecino), and qualified for some privileges. According to the relevant laws, the Leyes de Indias, IV, V, 8: "the sons [and daughters] and legitimate descendants of the residents are honoured with the title well-born sons [or daughters] from a known location [hijosdalgos de solar conocido] so that the population of that place (according to law 6 of book IV) and others of the Indies [i.e., Americas] should know them as such and as people of noble lineage, granting them all honours and privileges due to the well-born and gentlemen of Castile." See also Medieval household References External links A detailed article about the dual relationship "ciudadano" ("citizen", i.e., "of a city" at that time)/"vecino" in Spanish America. Spanish colonization of the Americas
Nawab Begum Sajida Sultan Ali Khan Pataudi (4 August 1915 – 5 September 1995) was the daughter of the Nawab of Bhopal, Hamidullah Khan, and the wife and Begum Consort of Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi, the 8th Nawab of Pataudi, and in her own right, the 12th Nawab Begum of Bhopal. Biography Sajida Sultan was born on 4 August 1915 in the Qasr-e-Sultani Palace, Bhopal, to Nawab Hamidullah Khan, last ruling Nawab of Bhopal and his wife, Begum Maimoona Sultan. She was the second of three children; she had an older sister, Abida Sultan, and a younger sister, Rabia Sultan. Sultan Jahan, the Begum of Bhopal, was her grandmother, and her predecessor Shah Jahan Begum was her great-grandmother. The Pakistani diplomat Shahryar Khan, is her nephew through her sister Abida. On 23 April 1939, Sajida married Nawab Iftikhar Ali Khan, 8th Nawab of Pataudi. Together they had three daughters – Saleha, Sabiha, and Qudsia – and a son, the cricketer Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi. Sher Ali Khan Pataudi, the major general in the Pakistan Army was her brother-in-law by marriage. The actors Saif Ali Khan and Soha Ali Khan, the jewelry designer Saba Ali Khan and the cricketer Saad Bin Jung are her grandsons and granddaughters. Sara Ali Khan, an actress in the Hindi film industry is her great-granddaughter. On 5 January 1952, Iftikhar Ali Khan died and Mansoor succeeded his father as the 9th titular Nawab of Pataudi. In 1960, upon the death of her father, she became the titular ruler of Bhopal. Her older sister, Abida, was the heiress apparent to the title but had emigrated to Pakistan in 1950 and declined to return to Bhopal permanently; her son declined also. Sajida was formally recognised as the Nawab Begum of Bhopal in 1962, with recognition being effective from 1960. She died on 5 September 1995 at the age of 80. Mansoor Ali Khan subsequently became the mutawalli of the Auqaf-e-Shahi of Bhopal, a title which is currently held by her granddaughter Saba Ali Khan. Issue See also Pataudi family References 1915 births 1995 deaths Begums of Bhopal 20th-century Indian Muslims Muslim monarchs Indian people of Pashtun descent 20th-century Indian women 20th-century Indian people
The Johnson Rocket 185 was a 1940s American two seat cabin monoplane designed by Johnson and built at Fort Worth, Texas. Development Johnson originally built a homebuilt Rocket 125 which first flew in 1942. The Rocket 125 was a low-wing cabin monoplane powered by a Lycoming O-290 engine. He developed the design into the Rocket 185 with a 185 hp (138 kW) Lycoming O-435-A engine and retractable landing gear. It was a high performance aircraft for the late 1940s with a top speed of 180 mph (290 km/h). In August 1945, Fred Pittera who had been an Advanced Military Pilot Training instructor on the four-engine B-24 Bomber at the nearby Fort Worth Army Air Field, joined the Johnson Rocket Aircraft as a test pilot, flying the P-39 aircraft look-alike through its various test regimens and finally in late 1945 flew the Johnson Rocket 185 with an FAA flight examiner for its first production qualification approval. A Federal Aviation Authority Type Certificate was issued on 10 September 1946. Introduced in August 1945, the Rocket 185 was pitched with the phrase "get a super-performing airplane for only $5,000 – order your 'Rocket' now!". A sales tour began in June 1946. However, because of its high performance and limited seating (two, sometimes three), the market was limited to experienced pilots and only 18 were built. A four-seat variant was produced as the Bullet 125 but all rights to the two designs were sold on in the early 1950s. The new owner of the design was the Aircraft Manufacturing Company based at Tyler, Texas. They developed a variant of the Bullet powered by a Menasco inline engine and named the Texas Bullet 205 but it was not successful. Specifications (Rocket 185) See also References Notes Bibliography 1940s United States civil utility aircraft Single-engined tractor aircraft Low-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1945
Johannes Broene (1875 – 1967) was an academic and twice served as president of Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, US. He was born in Muskegon, Michigan, and his father was a minister of the Christian Reformed Church. Broene attended the University of Michigan and Valparaiso University, from which he graduated in 1906. He went on to do graduate work at Clark University and pursued his doctorate at Clark, while working as a teacher and later principal of Christian schools in Paterson, New Jersey, and Chicago, Illinois. He joined the Calvin College faculty in 1908, teaching primarily in Philosophy and Education. In 1925 he was asked to serve one year as the interim president of Calvin College. He reluctantly accepted the appointment, and was re-appointed the next year. In 1928 he was appointed as acting president. During his tenure, Calvin College received accreditation from the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. He was adept at finding a middle ground when the board and faculty disagreed over administrative issues. Broene never felt comfortable with the administrative and fund-raising duties attached to the office of president and repeatedly asked to be released from the appointment. The Board of Trustees complied at the end of 1929 but in 1940 again asked him to serve as an interim president for one year. He officially retired from Calvin College in 1945, but continued teaching until 1951. He was married to Josie Kleinhuizen and the two had no children. External links Johannes Broene Clark University alumni 1875 births 1967 deaths Calvin University faculty Valparaiso University alumni Presidents of Calvin University University of Michigan alumni
Sturm und Drang was a Finnish heavy metal/hard rock band from Vaasa formed in 2004. The band's original members were lead singer/guitarist André Linman, guitarist/backing vocals Alexander Ivars, keyboardist Jesper Welroos, bassist/backing vocalist Henrik Kurkiala and drummer/backing vocalist Calle Fahllund. Other members were bassist Joel Wendlin (joined 2010) and guitarist Jani Kuoppamaa (joined 2011). The band started off as schoolmates covering bands such as Judas Priest and gradually started writing their own material. They were discovered in 2005 by record label HMC. Their debut album Learning to Rock was released in 2007 and eventually went platinum in Finland. Their second album Rock 'n Roll Children was released in 2008 and went gold within less than a week. The band is known for songs "Rising Son", "Indian" and "A Million Nights". As of 2010, the band has sold over 100,000 records. In 2014 the band broke up when members left to start their own separated projects. History The band started in 2004 when André Linman and Henrik Kurkiala were on their way home from a Judas Priest concert. The name for the band was suggested by Henrik's father. Shortly afterwards Jesper Welroos and Calle Fahllund joined the band, and they had their first practice in Calle's basement. A few weeks later they performed in their first concert. Later they realized that they needed one more guitar player, and Alexander Ivars became their fifth member. The band got more gigs and played at Stafettkarnevalen 2004 in Vaasa, also making a cover of Dio's Rainbow In The Dark. In 2007, they already played as the headline on Stafettkarnevalen. André, Jesper, Calle, Alexander and Henrik belong to the minority of Swedish-speaking Finns. When their first album was published in 2007, the boys were only 15–16 years old. In February 2010, bassist Henrik Kurkiala left Sturm und Drang. The new bassist is called Joel Wendlin and is a lifelong friend of the band. As of 2011, Alexander Ivars has also left the band. His replacement is Jani Kuoppamaa, who had previously stepped in for Ivars when he had been unable to attend. In April 2011, the band had recorded two tracks for their upcoming third album. In March 2012, the album was ready for release in the Nordic countries, Central Europe and Japan without mixing. In total, the band made 30 songs, 10 of which were released on the album. On 21 September 2012, the band released a new album called Graduation Day. Its first single is called "Molly the Murderer". The music video for the song has been directed by Marko Mäkilaakso. The second single on the album, Goddamn Liar, was released in September 2012. The band was made into a documentary called Like a rockstar in 2014. The documentary was produced by Pampas Produktion AB. The band quit in 2014 when its members began to have other plans. In March 2019, it was announced that the band's original members André Linman and Jeppe Welroos would do a duet tour together called "An Evening With Sturm und Drang featuring André Linman & Jeppe Welroos". Influences Sturm und Drang's biggest influence is Patrick Linman, the father of singer André Linman, who has previously played in the barracks band Not Yet and later in the light music band Place-2-Go. Patrick wrote all the songs with André, and also served as the band's manager. Members of Sturm und Drang have described Kiss, Iron Maiden, Dio, and Judas Priest as musical influences. Record deal In 2005, Sturm und Drang recorded the demo Rising Son which they sent to Helsinki Music Company. The boss for HMC, Asko Kallonen, who had not taken them seriously, changed opinion after hearing them play live with the Swedish garage rock band The Hellacopters. He gave the band their record deal, and shortly afterwards they started to record their first album, Learning to Rock. In 2007 they also got a new record company, GUN Records, which would release their debut album in the whole of Europe except for Scandinavia. After the 30 May release of their album in Finland, Learning to Rock climbed to number three on the official chart of record sales in Finland.1 Members Final lineup André Linman – lead vocals, guitars (2004–2014) Calle Fahllund – drums, backing vocals (2004–2014) Jesper Welroos – keyboards (2004–2014) Joel Wendlin – bass, backing vocals (2010–2014) Jani Kuoppamaa – guitars (2011–2014) Former members Henrik Kurkiala – bass, backing vocals (2004–2010) Alexander Ivars – guitars, backing vocals (2004–2011) Discography Albums Singles References External links Sturm und Drang at Myspace Finnish musical quintets Finnish power metal musical groups Musical groups established in 2004
The Men's 1500 metre freestyle competition of the 2019 African Games was held on 24 August 2019. Records Prior to the competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows. Results References Men's 1500 metre freestyle
Alessio Hyseni (born 4 January 1997) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Italian club Ovidiana Sulmona. Club career Early career Hyseni started his youth career at A.C. Perugia. In 2014, he gained entry at primavera team and in the 2014–15 season he scored 4 goals in 14 games. On 25 August 2015 Perugia loaned him to Serie D side U.S. Gavorrano. He was planned to stay at Gavorrano until the end of the season but after 9 appearances and 1 goal, on 6 February 2016 he resolved his contract with club and returned to Perugia. Flamurtari Vlorë On 31 August 2016 Hyseni signed with Flamurtari Vlorë. He played initially with Flamurtari Vlorë B, where he debuted with "Red and blacks" on 14 December 2016 in the Albanian Third Division against Sopoti Librazhd B playing the full 90-minutes match. In the first half of the 2018–19 season, Hyseni found more space to play under Ilir Daja, collecting 14 league appearances and also providing 4 assists, joint fourth highest in the league. However, on 4 January, the club announced that they have terminated the contract with the player, thus leaving him a free agent at the day of his 21st birthday. Partizani Tirana On 4 January 2019, on the same day, Hyseni was announced as the new player of Partizani Tirnana, penning an 18-month contract with an option to renew. International career Hyseni was initially part of Albania under-17 side where he was invited by coach Dzemal Mustedanagić to participate in the qualifying round of 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship in October 2013. Hyseni played as a starter in the opening match of the Group 1 against Romania on 18 October 2013; he was substituted off in the 72nd minute for Arlind Demaj as the match was lost 1–0. Then in the next two matches Hyseni played both as full 80-minutes as Albania defeated Belarus 2–1 and took a goalless draw against Finland, which were enough to clinch a spot into the elite round. He continued to be part of the team in the elite round in March 2014. In the first match against Italy on 26 March 2014, Hyseni played as a starter and was substituted off in the 63rd minute for Amarildo Gjoka as the team lost 2–1 despite scoring first with Keidi Bare in the 14th minute. Then he played two other matches as full 80-minutes as Albania U17 lost at both and got eliminated from tournament. He advanced at the under-19 team as he was invited by coach Altin Lala to participate in the Friendly Tournament Roma Caput Mundi in Rome, Italy between 8–13 March 2015 against Malta, Wales and Italy. He was able to score in his debut against Italy on 12 March, netting the opener as the team won 2–0. Career statistics References External links 1997 births Living people People from Castiglione del Lago Italian people of Albanian descent Albanian men's footballers Albania men's youth international footballers Men's association football midfielders Serie D players Kategoria Superiore players Kategoria e Tretë players US Gavorrano players Flamurtari FC players FK Partizani Tirana players Footballers from the Province of Perugia
Henri Laudier (20 February 1878 – 10 October 1943) was a French journalist and politician. He was born at Vierzon, Cher department, France. In his early years he was a tailor and a town clerk before becoming a journalist. Laudier was the editor of Tocsin, a socialist weekly publication. He served the General Counsel of Bourges before becoming the mayor of Bourges from 1919 to 1943. He was a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière) from 1919 to 1924. His book, Ce qu'est le parti socialiste was published in 1919 by SFIO's Librairie du parti socialiste. Laudier was a member of the Chamber of Deputies (1919-1924). He was a Senator of the French Third Republic representing Cher elected in 1930 and reelected 1939, with his term ending upon his death in 1943. On 10 July 1940, he voted as a Senator in favour of granting the cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. He died in Bourges, Cher, France. References 1878 births 1943 deaths People from Vierzon French Section of the Workers' International politicians Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of Parliament for Cher French senators of the Third Republic Senators of Cher (department) Mayors of Bourges French editors French male non-fiction writers
Vestfold () is a traditional region, a former county and a current electoral district in Eastern Norway. In 2020 the county became part of the much larger county of Vestfold og Telemark. Located on the western shore of the Oslofjord, it bordered the previous Buskerud and Telemark counties. The county administration was located in Tønsberg, Norway's oldest city, and the largest city is Sandefjord. With the exception of the city-county of Oslo, Vestfold was the smallest county in Norway by area. Vestfold was the only county in which all municipalities had declared Bokmål to be their sole official written form of the Norwegian language. Vestfold is located west of the Oslofjord, as the name indicates. It includes many smaller, but well-known towns in Norway, such as Larvik, Sandefjord, Tønsberg and Horten; these towns run from Oslo in an almost constant belt of urban areas along the coast, ending in Grenland in neighbouring region Telemark. The river Numedalslågen runs through the county. Many islands are located at the coast. Vestfold is mostly dominated by lowland and is among the best agricultural areas of Norway. Winters last about three months, while pleasant summer temperatures last from May to September, with a July average high of 17 °C (63 °F). Vestfold is traditionally known for shipping and sailing. Sandefjord was formerly a headquarters for the Norwegian whaling fleet, and Horten used to be Norway's main naval port. The coastal towns of Vestfold now engage in fishing and shipbuilding. Some lumbering is carried on in the interior. The area also includes some of the best farmland in Norway. Vestfold merged with neighboring Telemark County on 1 January 2020 as part of a nationwide municipal reform. The new county name is Vestfold og Telemark. Vestfold as a county is expected to be re-established by 1 January 2024, following a vote of the county council of Vestfold og Telemark on 15 February 2022 to split the newly established county into its respective counties that existed before the merger took place; Telemark and Vestfold. Etymology Vestfold is the old name of the region which was revived in modern times. Fold was the old name of the Oslofjord, and the meaning of the name Vestfold is the region west of the Fold (see also Østfold). Before 1919, the county was called Jarlsberg og Larvik Amt. The amt was created in 1821, consisting of the two old counties of Jarlsberg and Larvik. In the Viking Age, Vestfold also referred to Eiker, Drammen, Kongsberg, Lier, now in Buskerud. Vestfold Hills on Antarctica's Sørsdal Glacier is named after the county. History Viking history Vestfold is mentioned for the first time in a written source in 813, when Danish kings were in Vestfold to quell an uprising amongst the Fürsts . There may have been as many as six political centers in Vestfold. At that time Kaupang, which was located in Tjølling near Larvik, had been functioning for decades and had a chieftain. Kaupang, which dates from the Viking Era, is believed to be the first town in Norway, although Tønsberg (which dates from ca. 900) is the oldest town in Norway still in existence. At Borre, there was a site for another chieftain. That site held chieftains for more than one hundred years prior to 813. The stone mounds at Mølen have been dated to the Viking Age. The mounds at Haugar in present-day Tønsberg's town centre have been dated to the Viking period. At Farmannshaugen in Sem there seems to have been activity at the time, while activity at Oseberghaugen and Gokstadhaugen dates from a few decades later. An English source from around 890 retells the voyage of Ottar (Ottar fra Hålogaland) "from the farthest North, along Norvegr via Kaupang and Hedeby to England", where Ottar places Kaupang in the land of the Dane - danenes land. Bjørn Brandlien says that "To the degree that Harald Hårfagre gathered a kingdom after the Battle of Hafrsfjord at the end of the 9th century - that especially is connected to Avaldsnes - it does not seem to have made such a great impression on Ottar". Kaupang is mentioned under the name of Skiringssal (Kaupangen i Skiringssal) in Ottar's tales. By the 10th century, the local kings had established themselves. The king or his ombudsman resided in the old Royal Court at Sæheim i Sem, today the Jarlsberg Estate (Jarlsberg Hovedgård) in Tønsberg. The farm Haugar (from Old Norse haugr meaning hill or mound) became the seat for Haugating, the Thing for Vestfold and one of Norway's most important place for the proclamation of kings. The family of Harald Fairhair, who was most likely the first king of Norway, is said to have come from this area. The Danish kings seem to have been weak in Vestfold from around the middle of the 9th century until the middle of the 10th century, but their rule was strengthened there at the end of the 10th century. The Danish kings seem to have tried to control the region until the 13th century. Kings ruling some or all of Vestfold Erik Agnarsson Halfdan Hvitbeinn (part of Vestfold) Eystein Halfdansson Halfdan the Mild Gudrød the Hunter Halfdan the Black, together with his brother, Olaf Gudrødsson Ragnvald the Mountain-High, Cousin of Harold Fairhair Harald Fairhair Bjørn Farmann Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf, brother of Bjørn Harald Gudrødsson Grenske, 976–987 Whaling Whaling was an important 19th century industry in coastal cities such as Larvik, Tønsberg, and Sandefjord, which was the world centre for the world's modern whaling industry. Not only did men from Vestfold County make up practically all the crew on the Norwegian whaling fleet, but many were also involved in the whaling industry in other nations. As an example, the first phase of modern Australian whaling was almost entirely based on workers from Larvik. While the first whaling station in the Faroe Islands was established by Sandefjordians, Larvik played a similar role for the Shetland Islands. Tønsberg initiated much of the whaling industry in Iceland and the Hebrides. The largest settlement in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Grytviken, was established by Carl Anton Larsen of Sandefjord on 16 November 1904. Sandefjordian Nils Larsen's expeditions to Antarctica in the early 20th century led to the Norwegian annexation of Bouvet Island (1927) and Peter I Island (1929). A cove on Peter I Island is named Sandefjord Cove in honor of Nils Larsen's hometown. Sandefjord Harbor is now home to Southern Actor, the only whale-catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original order. The museum ship is owned by Sandefjord Whaling Museum, Europe's only museum dedicated to whaling. Sandefjord has been named the centre of the Modern Whaling Epoch, and has been nicknamed "the whaling capital of the world." Geography Vestfold was Norway's smallest county, with the exception of the city-county of Oslo. It lies on the western shore of the Oslofjord. Vestfold borders with Buskerud County in the north and with Telemark County in the west. It is bordered by Skagerrak in the North Sea to both the south and east. The county has a total area of and has a coastline. Vestfjellet at is the tallest peak in the county. It is also home to 1,407 islands. Nøtterøy () is the largest island in Vestfold, while Tjøme () is the second-largest island. There is a total of 634 freshwater lakes in Vestfold, with a total area of 79 square kilometers. Large lakes include Farris, Eikeren, Goksjø, Hallevannet, Akersvannet, and others. Vestfold makes up 0.7 percent of Norway's total land area. Ten Norwegian municipalities are larger in size than Vestfold County. As an example, Kautokeino municipality in Finnmark County is over four times larger than Vestfold County. The county of Finnmark is 22 times larger than Vestfold. Geology The county's soft soil is composed of varieties of moraine and sedimentary soils. The Ice Age left large parts of Vestfold below sea level, and the most cultivated soil can be found on the marine terraces. Marine clay and sand cover most of the lower lying country in the south-west and north. The Vestfold moraine, a continuation of the Østfold moraine at Moss, is an ice-formed formation which stretches as a cohesive gravel ridge through the county, from Horten in the east to Mølen in the south. Preserved areas Færder National Park was the county's first national park when the decision was formalized by King Harald V on 23 August 2013. The visitor center is at World's End, and was officially opened by Queen Sonja on 26 June 2015. The national park lies in Nøtterøy- and Tjøme municipalities, and is made up of of ocean and of land. It stretches from Ormøy in the north to Færder Lighthouse in the south. It is one of two marine national parks in Norway, and is made up of coast, skerries, islands and sea bed. Mølen in Larvik is home to Norway's largest stone beach and is an ancient burial site consisting of 230 cairns, some exceeding in diameter. Excavations have dated the rock piles to about 250 A.D. It was the first UNESCO Global Geopark in the Nordics when established in 2008. Mølen is one of Larvik's most popular tourist attractions. It is home to over a hundred species of rock, including Norway's national stone, Larvikite, which is named from the area. It is a crucially important seabird habitat, where over 316 species of bird have been recorded. Municipalities Vestfold County has experienced a large reduction in number of municipalities. As of 1949, the county was home to 19 rural municipalities and seven city municipalities. There were 14 municipalities as of 2016, but the number will decrease to 8 by 1 January 2020. As of 1 January 2017 the number of municipalities in Vestfold County was reduced from 14 to 12. As of 1 January 2018 the number of municipalities in Vestfold County was reduced from 12 to 9. Andebu (merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 2017) Hof (merged into Holmestrand on 1 January 2018) Holmestrand (added Hof on 1 January 2018) Horten Lardal (merged into Larvik on 1 January 2018) Larvik (added Lardal on 1 January 2018) Nøtterøy (merged with Tjøme on 1 January 2018 to form the new municipality of Færder) Re (merged into Tønsberg on 1 January 2020) Sande (merged into Holmestrand on 1 January 2020) Sandefjord (added Andebu and Stokke on 1 January 2017) Stokke (merged into Sandefjord on 1 January 2017) Svelvik (merged into Drammen on 1 January 2020) Tjøme (merged with Nøtterøy on 1 January 2018 to form the new municipality of Færder) Tønsberg (added Re on 1 January 2020) Cities Holmestrand Horten Larvik Sandefjord Stavern Tønsberg Parishes Andebu Arnadal (Arendal) Berg Borre Botne Brunlanes Fon Fredricksværn, see Stavern Hedrum Hem Hillestad Hof Holmestrand Horten Hvarnes Høyjord Kjose Kodal Konnerud Kvelde Langestrand Lardal Larvik Nykirke Nøtterøy Ramnes Sandar Sande Sandefjord Sandeherred, see Sandar Sankt Laurentii Sem Skjee Skoger Slagen Stavern Stokke Strømm (Strømmen) Strømsgodset Styrvoll Svarstad Svelvik Tanum Tjølling Tjøme Tønsberg Undrumsdal Valløy Vassås Vivestad Vor Frue (Maria) Våle Åsgårdstrand Larvik Branch (LDS, early-1927) Tønsberg Branch (LDS, early-1951) Larvik (Katolske Apostoliske, 1888–1963) Villages Andebu Barkåker Berger Bergsåsen Bjerkøya Bjørnevåg Borgheim Borre Brekkeåsen Buerstad Duken Eidsfoss Eik Eikeberg Fevang Fokserød Fon Freberg Føynland Gjone Glomstein Gretteåsen Grimestad Gullhaug Hafallen Helgeroa Hem Hof Hulebakk Husvik Husøy Hvasser Høyjord Hårkollen Kaupang Kjose Kjøpmannskjær Klever Kodal Kvelde Lahelle Linnestad Melsomvik Nesbrygga Nesbygda Nykirke Ormelet Oterbekk Ramnes Revetal Rånerudåsen Råstad Sande Selvik Sem Skallestad Skinmo Skjerve Skoppum Solløkka Solvang Stavern Stokke Storevar Strand Strengsdal Sundbyfoss Sundene Svarstad Svelvik Svinevoll Teie Tenvik Torød Ula Unneberg Valberg Vassås Vear Veierland Verdens Ende Verningen Vestskogen Vollen Årøysund Åsgårdstrand Former Municipalities Andebu Borre Botne Brunlanes Hedrum Hof Lardal Nøtterøy Ramnes Sandar Sem Skoger Stavern Stokke Strømm Tjølling Tjøme Våle Åsgårdstrand Political strength Results from parliamentary elections in Vestfold County since 1973: Bold letters represent the alliances (Leftwing Ap+SV. Centre KrF+V+Sp. Rightwing H+Frp). M = Number of elected parliamentarians. Demographics According to Statistics Norway, Vestfold County was home to 244,967 residents as of 1 January 2016. Immigrants made up 11.9 percent of the population in 2017. Most immigrants were from Poland (4,287 people), followed by Lithuania (2,794) and Iraq (1,549). Despite its small size, Vestfold had the third-highest population density in Norway. However, the population density may still have been considered low; as an example, the population density of the Netherlands was four times higher than that of Vestfold County in 1998. Sandefjord was the most populous city of Vestfold County; one in four people from Vestfold were from Sandefjord, or 25.2 percent of the county population. Economy Traditional industries in Vestfold have included whaling and ship building. For over 50 years in the 19th century, Sandefjord and partially Tønsberg functioned as the world centre for the whaling industry. However, whaling ended in the 1960s and the ship building industry has gradually reduced since the 1980s. Information technology is currently a growing industry, and the county is home to large web shops such as Komplett, MPX.no and netshop.no. 18.9 percent of the county's total area is used for agriculture, the highest percentage of any county in Norway. 70% of agricultural lands are used for the cultivation of grains. Vestfold's farming area makes up five percent of Norway's cultivated areas. However, by area, Vestfold only makes up 0.7 percent of Norway's land area. Vestfold has Norway's most expensive vacation homes. Sandefjord had Norway's most expensive vacation homes in 2012, while Tjøme had the most expensive homes as of 2010. General property values appreciated 28.3 percent between 2010 and 2015. Tourism Summer tourism is an important industry in Vestfold, particularly in coastal communities such as Sandefjord, Tjøme and Stavern. Coastal cities also have large numbers of vacation homes. There were 534,724 hotel stays in 2015, where the purpose was vacationing for 236,895. Most international tourists were from the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Denmark. There were 781,459 stays at rental cabins or campgrounds in 2015. Consequentially, the population increases drastically during summer months in municipalities such as Sandefjord, Tjøme, and elsewhere. The population at Tjøme goes from 4,500 to around 50,000 each summer. The population of islands such as Tjøme often quadruple during summer, while summer communities as Stavern often sees a doubling or tripling. Tjøme Island is home to nearly as many vacation homes as residential homes. While Tjøme has the nickname Sommerøya ("the Summer Island"), Sandefjord is nicknamed Badebyen ("the Bathing City") due to its many beaches and former spas. Sandefjord is known for its many great beaches, and it is primarily known as a summer resort community. It first became a bathing destination when sulphur was discovered in 1837. The city gained further recognition when Sandefjord Sulfur Spa and Resort (Kurbadet) was established in 1837. The bath was one of the most visited in Europe during the late 19th century. Vestfold's most visited tourist attractions include Borre mound cemetery, the largest burial site in Northern Europe, as well as numerous sites along the coast. Architectural sites include the villages of Åsgårdstrand, Karljohansvern in Horten, and Fredriksvern in Stavern. Other important attractions are Sandefjord Whaling Museum, Mølen Geopark in Larvik, as well as Tønsberg Fortress (Slottsfjellet) in Tønsberg. Largest companies Largest companies in Vestfold County based on operating income in 2015: Culture Vestfold is the county in Norway with the most traces from the Viking Age. Examples include the Oseberg- and Gokstad Burial Mounds. While the Oseberg Ship was discovered in Tønsberg, the Gokstad Ship was discovered in Sandefjord. The Gokstad Ship is Norway's largest preserved Viking ship. Both ships are now located at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. Additional burial mounds are found at Borre mound cemetery and Mølen, an UNESCO Global Geopark. Borre mound cemetery is home to Northern Europe's largest burial mound site from Viking Age. Vestfold is home to 21 churches dating to medieval times. It is also home to one stave church, Høyjord Stave Church in Andebu (Sandefjord). Nearby Andebu Church also has Norway's oldest parish register, dating to 1623. The city of Sandefjord proper is home to Europe's only museum dedicated to whaling, Sandefjord Museum in the city centre. This museum also owns Southern Actor, a whale-catcher turned museum ship. Southern Actor is the only whale-catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original working order. Also at Sandefjord Harbor is the Harbour Chapel (Bryggekapellet), which is the only floating church in Norway and most likely Europe, perhaps the only floating church in the world. The city of Tønsberg is Norway's oldest city, most likely founded in year 871. Tønsberg is home to Tønsberg Fortress, which is Scandinavia's largest ruin site. It includes ruins from Castrum Tunsbergis, Norway's largest castle in the 13th century. An outdoor music festival is held at Tønsberg Fortress every July. Ruins of a German fortress can be seen at Folehavna Fort on West Island, Sandefjord. Transportation The Vestfold Line is a railway line that runs from Drammen, through a number of towns in Vestfold and ending in the town of Skien in Telemark. European route E18 runs through the county roughly parallel to the railway. There are two international ferry connections, both operated by Color Line. Larvik is connected to the Danish town Hirtshals, the other route is between Sandefjord and Strømstad in Sweden. Fjord Line is also a ferry operator between Sandefjord and Strømstad. In addition there is a domestic route connecting Horten and Moss. Sandefjord Airport Torp is one of Norway's largest airports. Only Bergen- and Oslo Airports have more international flights than Torp Airport. Despite being located 74 miles south of Oslo, Torp is sometimes called Oslo Airport Torp. It is reached with a free shuttle bus from Sandefjord Airport Station on Vestfoldbanen. Torp is regional hub for low-cost carrier Norwegian, as well as low-cost carriers Ryanair and WizzAir also operate from the airport. Torp offers direct routes to over 30 international and domestic destinations, including daily flights to European cities such as London and Amsterdam. Points of interest Larvik Bøkeskogen, world's northernmost beech tree forest. Kaupang, home to remains for the oldest Nordic town yet discovered. The remains are from one of Scandinavia's earliest urban sites, established in year 800 A.D. Mølen, Scandinavia's first UNESCO Global Geopark. Nevlunghavn and Helgeroa, adjacent coastal villages. Larvik Museum Fritzøehus, largest privately owned estate in Norway. Stavern, small coastal town, home of Citadell Island Fredriksvern, Norway's main naval base from the mid-1750s until 1864. Minnehallen (Hall of Remembrance), largest monument in Vestfold. Horten Borre National Park, largest burial mound site in Northern Europe. Løvøy Chapel Royal Norwegian Navy Museum Preus Museum Borre Church, romanesque medieval church constructed in the 1100s. Tordenskioldeika Åsgårdstrand, oceanside resort town. Borre Golfbane Tønsberg and Færder Tønsberg Fortress, largest ruin park in the Nordic countries. Oseberg Mound, site of the discovery of the Oseberg Ship Haugar Tønsberg Cathedral Sem Church Slottsfjellmuseet Nordbyen World's End, southernmost point at Tjøme. Herkelås Tjøme Church Færder National Park, first National Park in Vestfold. Sandefjord Sandefjord Museum (the Whaling Museum), Europe's only museum dedicated to whaling. Southern Actor, only whale-catcher from the Modern Whaling Epoch still to be in its original working order. Gokstad Mound, site of the discovery of the 9th-century Gokstad Ship. Gaia ship, replica of the Gokstad Ship docked at Museum's Wharf. Sandar Church, built on ruins of a 13th-century medieval stone church. Present church was erected in 1792. Whaler's Monument, rotating bronze monument erected in honor of pioneering whalers. Sandefjord Church Istrehågan, ancient burial ground which dates to the Roman Iron Age around 1500-500 BCE. Kurbadet, former resort spa and one of Europe's most visited baths in the late 19th century. Folehavna Fort, ruins from a German fortress erected in 1941 during the German occupation of Norway. Høyjord Stave Church, the only stave church left in Vestfold County. Langeby, popular bathing beach at West Island. Goksjø, third-largest lake in Vestfold County. Archaeological sites Istrehågan Istrehågan is an ancient burial ground which dates to the Roman Iron Age around 1500-500 BCE. It is located at Jåberg in Tjølling, on the border between Sandefjord and Larvik. The rock settings at Istrehågan resemble a ship. It is long, and meters broad. Archaeological excavations made in 1959-61 uncovered remains of bones, bear claws, pottery shards, a brooch, and more. At Haugen farm on the Sandefjord side is Vestfold County's largest collection of petroglyphs. Borre National Park At Borrehaugene near Borrre there are 9 large mounds and around 30 smaller ones. It is the largest burial mound site in Northern Europe. Borre mound cemetery most likely contains graves belonging to kings of the Yngling dynasty. It is mentioned in the poem Ynglingatal as the burial site of one of two kings belonging to the royal dynasty of the Ynglingas. Kaupang Kaupang in Skiringssal (Larvik) is home to remains from the oldest Nordic town yet discovered. It was a trade centre established around year 800, making it one of Scandinavia's earliest urban sites. The settlement was abandoned in the mid-10th century. It is located in Kaupang Bay in Viksfjord, Larvik. Archeological finds include melting pots, jewelry parts, casting moulds and casting models. Most of Kaupang remains not excavated. There are replicas of Viking homes at Kaupang today, giving insight to how homes were constructed during the Viking Age. Oseberg Burial Mound Oseberg Mound is located in Tønsberg and is where the Oseberg Ship was discovered. The ship, which dates to 834 A.D., had a length of . Two female skeletons were found in the ship's burial chamber. Viking burial site at Gulli Gulli, outside Tønsberg, was the site of an archaeological excavation during the period from 2003 to 2004, prior to asphalt being laid for constructing the new E18 (road). There were 60 graves - 20 of those were preserved to a degree that [authorities decided] permitted examinations. "Perhaps the most spectacular [item] was a høvre" - used with a horse's harness. "There are few of those in Norway - one in Trøndelag and a gilded one found in Borre". The artifacts are on display at the Midgard Historical Centre in Borre. Fevang 19th century archeologists were struck by the many burial mounds and artifacts discovered at Fevang near Torp Airport in Sandefjord. Local farmers had discovered various artifacts in the 19th- and early 20th centuries. Archeologist Nicolay Nicolaysen traveled to Fevang and concluded that Fevang was home to an array of ancient burial mounds. Nicolaysen further discovered that Fevang had been an active graveyard for over 1,000 years - since year 0 A.D. until the first Christian cemeteries were established. Among the artifacts discovered were a gold jewel named Berlokk, which was retrieved in a woman's grave along with two gold beads, two blue glass beads, a hairpin, ceramic, burnt bones, and two clips of bronze. Her tomb is dated to the Old Iron Age, around 0-400 A.D. Gokstad Mound Gokstad Mound in Sandefjord was where the Gokstad Ship was excavated by Nicolay Nicolaysen in 1880. The skeleton of a man was found in the ship, long believed to be Olaf Geirstad-Alf, former king of Vestfold and half-brother of Halfdan the Black, the father of Harald Fairhair, Norway's first king. However, recent discoveries have increased uncertainty and it therefore remains unknown what chieftain was buried at Gokstad. The ship, which is the largest found in Norway, is currently located at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. The ship was buried along with numerous gifts, including weapons, jewels, a gaming board, fish-hooks, 64 shields, six beds, three smaller boats and kitchen utensils. Twelve horses, eight dogs, two goshawks and two peacocks were also discovered in the grave. Interpretive signs have been put up at the mound and Gaia, an exact replica of the Gokstad Ship, can be seen on Museum's Wharf at Sandefjord Harbor. Mølen The Old Norse word Mol translates to cairns, a site often used by ancient peoples to mark a burial site. Mølen, which is Norway's largest stone beach, is home to 230 cairns, which have been built over ages. Some cairns have been dated to 250 A.D. The isthmus of Mølen is home to stone piles, grave mounds, and stone settings, which are all part of a protected historic site. The last Ice Age pushed large amounts of gravel and stones ahead of it, and deposited it as a moraine through all of Vestfold, known as Vestfoldraet. Raet meets the ocean at Mølen, where the moraine sinks into the sea. Its encounter with the Skagerrak ocean waves has uncovered and polished the huge round stone floor for centuries. Bøkeskogen Besides being the largest beech tree forest in Norway, and the most northernmost beech tree forest in the world, Bøkeskogen is also an important archeological area. 83-90 burial mounds have been discovered in the forest. Some of these include the largest burial grounds from the Pre-Roman Iron Age in Vestfold County. Recreation At least 238 kilometers of coastal hiking trails can be found in Vestfold County, from Larvik in the south to Svelvik in the north. Hiking trails are found throughout the county, including at World's End in Færder National Park. Furthermore, there is a 35 km (22 mi.) marked trail between the towns of Stavern and Helgeroa. Mølen, Kjærrafossen and Bøkeskogen are also home to various trails. Tønsberg Barrel, an old beacon dated to Sverris saga in the Middle Ages, sits at Yxnøy on Sandefjord's East Island. West Island is home to Folehavna Fort and additional trails. Combined, the trails on Sandefjord's East- and West Islands are 45 km (28 mi.), and a part of the international North Sea Trail. Bøkeskogen in Larvik is home to various trails, varying from 2.6 km (1.6 mi.) to 10 km (6.2 mi.) in length. Fauna Vestfold's fauna includes species such as the White-tailed eagle, Roe deer, Moose, European hedgehog, Eurasian eagle-owl, Mountain hare, European badger, European pine marten, and Norway lemming. Rare observations of Gray wolf, European lynx, and Brown bear do occur. A wolf shot in Lardal in 2013 was the first wolf killed in the county in over 100 years. Between 700 and 800 moose are annually hunted in Vestfold. Larvik has one of the highest numbers of moose in Norway. The Harbor seal is the most commonly observed species of seal in Vestfold, and it was estimated to be at minimum 183 seals in Vestfold as of August 2014. Dolphins are uncommon, however, a Common bottlenose dolphin was observed by Nøtterøy in 2014, and a Striped dolphin was observed the same summer at Helgeroa in Larvik. Common European Viper is the only venomous snake found in Norway. There are two non-venomous snake species in Vestfold County: European grass snake and European smooth snake. Vestfold has a rich avifauna: over 130 bird species have been observed in Svelvik, while Mølen in Larvik has the national record of 320 species. Wildlife refuge Saltstein is part of a protected habitat for birds. From 2014 surfing was permitted off Saltstein. Besides being an UNESCO Global Geopark, Mølen in Larvik is a habitat for a variety of rare bird species. Mølen became a protected sanctuary for birds in 1970. 320 species of birds have been recorded at Mølen, more species than at any other site in Norway. Wildlife preserves include Melsom- and Hemskilen Wildlife Preserves. Hemskilen Wildlife Preserve lies on the Larvik-Sandefjord border and is an important habitat for shorebirds, geese, and Passerines. Melsom Plant- and Wildlife Preserve in Sandefjord is home to various older oaks, some of them home to as many as 1,500 different species of insects. Marøyskjæra Bird Preserve consists of two skerries west of Natholmen Island, which have been important nesting areas for Common tern and Common gull since the 1980s. Over 500 seagulls hatched on the islets in the 1990s. In popular culture Although not filmed in Vestfold, the City of Tønsberg appears in the films Thor (2011) and also in Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), and in Avengers: Endgame Some films shot in Vestfold include: Norway (2018), movie based on the 2011 Norway attacks, filmed in Tønsberg and Nøtterøy. Olsenbanden tar gull (1972), filmed in Stavern (Larvik) and Sande in Vestfold. Baadshah (1999), Tønsberg Christmas Blood ("Juleblod") (2017), Tønsberg and Sandefjord. Wisting (2018– ), Larvik and Sandefjord. Nonni and Manni (1988–89), Horten. Head Above Water (1993), filmed at East Island in Sandefjord. Deadline Torp (2005), movie based on the 1994 Torp hostage crisis, filmed in Sandefjord and Larvik. Valfångare (1939), Sandefjord. Den starkaste (1929), Sandefjord. Gallery References External links Vestfold photo gallery Former counties of Norway 2020 disestablishments in Norway Petty kingdoms of Norway States and territories disestablished in 2020
An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient codings of unlabeled data (unsupervised learning). An autoencoder learns two functions: an encoding function that transforms the input data, and a decoding function that recreates the input data from the encoded representation. The autoencoder learns an efficient representation (encoding) for a set of data, typically for dimensionality reduction. Variants exist, aiming to force the learned representations to assume useful properties. Examples are regularized autoencoders (Sparse, Denoising and Contractive), which are effective in learning representations for subsequent classification tasks, and Variational autoencoders, with applications as generative models. Autoencoders are applied to many problems, including facial recognition, feature detection, anomaly detection and acquiring the meaning of words. Autoencoders are also generative models which can randomly generate new data that is similar to the input data (training data). Mathematical principles Definition An autoencoder is defined by the following components: Two sets: the space of decoded messages ; the space of encoded messages . Almost always, both and are Euclidean spaces, that is, for some . Two parametrized families of functions: the encoder family , parametrized by ; the decoder family , parametrized by .For any , we usually write , and refer to it as the code, the latent variable, latent representation, latent vector, etc. Conversely, for any , we usually write , and refer to it as the (decoded) message. Usually, both the encoder and the decoder are defined as multilayer perceptrons. For example, a one-layer-MLP encoder is: where is an element-wise activation function such as a sigmoid function or a rectified linear unit, is a matrix called "weight", and is a vector called "bias". Training an autoencoder An autoencoder, by itself, is simply a tuple of two functions. To judge its quality, we need a task. A task is defined by a reference probability distribution over , and a "reconstruction quality" function , such that measures how much differs from . With those, we can define the loss function for the autoencoder asThe optimal autoencoder for the given task is then . The search for the optimal autoencoder can be accomplished by any mathematical optimization technique, but usually by gradient descent. This search process is referred to as "training the autoencoder". In most situations, the reference distribution is just the empirical distribution given by a dataset , so that where and is the Dirac measure, and the quality function is just L2 loss: . Then the problem of searching for the optimal autoencoder is just a least-squares optimization: Interpretation An autoencoder has two main parts: an encoder that maps the message to a code, and a decoder that reconstructs the message from the code. An optimal autoencoder would perform as close to perfect reconstruction as possible, with "close to perfect" defined by the reconstruction quality function . The simplest way to perform the copying task perfectly would be to duplicate the signal. To suppress this behavior, the code space usually has fewer dimensions than the message space . Such an autoencoder is called undercomplete. It can be interpreted as compressing the message, or reducing its dimensionality. At the limit of an ideal undercomplete autoencoder, every possible code in the code space is used to encode a message that really appears in the distribution , and the decoder is also perfect: . This ideal autoencoder can then be used to generate messages indistinguishable from real messages, by feeding its decoder arbitrary code and obtaining , which is a message that really appears in the distribution . If the code space has dimension larger than (overcomplete), or equal to, the message space , or the hidden units are given enough capacity, an autoencoder can learn the identity function and become useless. However, experimental results found that overcomplete autoencoders might still learn useful features. In the ideal setting, the code dimension and the model capacity could be set on the basis of the complexity of the data distribution to be modeled. A standard way to do so is to add modifications to the basic autoencoder, to be detailed below. History The autoencoder was first proposed as a nonlinear generalization of principal components analysis (PCA) by Kramer. The autoencoder has also been called the autoassociator, or Diabolo network. Its first applications date to early 1990s. Their most traditional application was dimensionality reduction or feature learning, but the concept became widely used for learning generative models of data. Some of the most powerful AIs in the 2010s involved autoencoders stacked inside deep neural networks. Variations Regularized autoencoders Various techniques exist to prevent autoencoders from learning the identity function and to improve their ability to capture important information and learn richer representations. Sparse autoencoder (SAE) Inspired by the sparse coding hypothesis in neuroscience, sparse autoencoders are variants of autoencoders, such that the codes for messages tend to be sparse codes, that is, is close to zero in most entries. Sparse autoencoders may include more (rather than fewer) hidden units than inputs, but only a small number of the hidden units are allowed to be active at the same time. Encouraging sparsity improves performance on classification tasks. There are two main ways to enforce sparsity. One way is to simply clamp all but the highest-k activations of the latent code to zero. This is the k-sparse autoencoder. The k-sparse autoencoder inserts the following "k-sparse function" in the latent layer of a standard autoencoder:where if ranks in the top k, and 0 otherwise. Backpropagating through is simple: set gradient to 0 for entries, and keep gradient for entries. This is essentially a generalized ReLU function. The other way is a relaxed version of the k-sparse autoencoder. Instead of forcing sparsity, we add a sparsity regularization loss, then optimize forwhere measures how much sparsity we want to enforce. Let the autoencoder architecture have layers. To define a sparsity regularization loss, we need a "desired" sparsity for each layer, a weight for how much to enforce each sparsity, and a function to measure how much two sparsities differ. For each input , let the actual sparsity of activation in each layer bewhere is the activation in the -th neuron of the -th layer upon input . The sparsity loss upon input for one layer is , and the sparsity regularization loss for the entire autoencoder is the expected weighted sum of sparsity losses:Typically, the function is either the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, as or the L1 loss, as , or the L2 loss, as . Alternatively, the sparsity regularization loss may be defined without reference to any "desired sparsity", but simply force as much sparsity as possible. In this case, one can sparsity regularization loss as where is the activation vector in the -th layer of the autoencoder. The norm is usually the L1 norm (giving the L1 sparse autoencoder) or the L2 norm (giving the L2 sparse autoencoder). Denoising autoencoder (DAE) Denoising autoencoders (DAE) try to achieve a good representation by changing the reconstruction criterion. A DAE is defined by adding a noise process to the standard autoencoder. A noise process is defined by a probability distribution over functions . That is, the function takes a message , and corrupts it to a noisy version . The function is selected randomly, with a probability distribution . Given a task , the problem of training a DAE is the optimization problem:That is, the optimal DAE should take any noisy message and attempt to recover the original message without noise, thus the name "denoising". Usually, the noise process is applied only during training and testing, not during downstream use. The use of DAE depends on two assumptions: There exist representations to the messages that are relatively stable and robust to the type of noise we are likely to encounter; The said representations capture structures in the input distribution that are useful for our purposes. Example noise processes include: additive isotropic Gaussian noise, masking noise (a fraction of the input is randomly chosen and set to 0) salt-and-pepper noise (a fraction of the input is randomly chosen and randomly set to its minimum or maximum value). Contractive autoencoder (CAE) A contractive autoencoder adds the contractive regularization loss to the standard autoencoder loss:where measures how much contractive-ness we want to enforce. The contractive regularization loss itself is defined as the expected Frobenius norm of the Jacobian matrix of the encoder activations with respect to the input:To understand what measures, note the factfor any message , and small variation in it. Thus, if is small, it means that a small neighborhood of the message maps to a small neighborhood of its code. This is a desired property, as it means small variation in the message leads to small, perhaps even zero, variation in its code, like how two pictures may look the same even if they are not exactly the same. The DAE can be understood as an infinitesimal limit of CAE: in the limit of small Gaussian input noise, DAEs make the reconstruction function resist small but finite-sized input perturbations, while CAEs make the extracted features resist infinitesimal input perturbations. Minimal description length autoencoder Concrete autoencoder The concrete autoencoder is designed for discrete feature selection. A concrete autoencoder forces the latent space to consist only of a user-specified number of features. The concrete autoencoder uses a continuous relaxation of the categorical distribution to allow gradients to pass through the feature selector layer, which makes it possible to use standard backpropagation to learn an optimal subset of input features that minimize reconstruction loss. Variational autoencoder (VAE) Variational autoencoders (VAEs) belong to the families of variational Bayesian methods. Despite the architectural similarities with basic autoencoders, VAEs are architecture with different goals and with a completely different mathematical formulation. The latent space is in this case composed by a mixture of distributions instead of a fixed vector. Given an input dataset characterized by an unknown probability function and a multivariate latent encoding vector , the objective is to model the data as a distribution , with defined as the set of the network parameters so that . Advantages of depth Autoencoders are often trained with a single-layer encoder and a single-layer decoder, but using many-layered (deep) encoders and decoders offers many advantages. Depth can exponentially reduce the computational cost of representing some functions. Depth can exponentially decrease the amount of training data needed to learn some functions. Experimentally, deep autoencoders yield better compression compared to shallow or linear autoencoders. Training Geoffrey Hinton developed the deep belief network technique for training many-layered deep autoencoders. His method involves treating each neighboring set of two layers as a restricted Boltzmann machine so that pretraining approximates a good solution, then using backpropagation to fine-tune the results. Researchers have debated whether joint training (i.e. training the whole architecture together with a single global reconstruction objective to optimize) would be better for deep auto-encoders. A 2015 study showed that joint training learns better data models along with more representative features for classification as compared to the layerwise method. However, their experiments showed that the success of joint training depends heavily on the regularization strategies adopted. Applications The two main applications of autoencoders are dimensionality reduction and information retrieval, but modern variations have been applied to other tasks. Dimensionality reduction Dimensionality reduction was one of the first deep learning applications. For Hinton's 2006 study, he pretrained a multi-layer autoencoder with a stack of RBMs and then used their weights to initialize a deep autoencoder with gradually smaller hidden layers until hitting a bottleneck of 30 neurons. The resulting 30 dimensions of the code yielded a smaller reconstruction error compared to the first 30 components of a principal component analysis (PCA), and learned a representation that was qualitatively easier to interpret, clearly separating data clusters. Representing dimensions can improve performance on tasks such as classification. Indeed, the hallmark of dimensionality reduction is to place semantically related examples near each other. Principal component analysis If linear activations are used, or only a single sigmoid hidden layer, then the optimal solution to an autoencoder is strongly related to principal component analysis (PCA). The weights of an autoencoder with a single hidden layer of size (where is less than the size of the input) span the same vector subspace as the one spanned by the first principal components, and the output of the autoencoder is an orthogonal projection onto this subspace. The autoencoder weights are not equal to the principal components, and are generally not orthogonal, yet the principal components may be recovered from them using the singular value decomposition. However, the potential of autoencoders resides in their non-linearity, allowing the model to learn more powerful generalizations compared to PCA, and to reconstruct the input with significantly lower information loss. Information retrieval and Search engine optimization Information retrieval benefits particularly from dimensionality reduction in that search can become more efficient in certain kinds of low dimensional spaces. Autoencoders were indeed applied to semantic hashing, proposed by Salakhutdinov and Hinton in 2007. By training the algorithm to produce a low-dimensional binary code, all database entries could be stored in a hash table mapping binary code vectors to entries. This table would then support information retrieval by returning all entries with the same binary code as the query, or slightly less similar entries by flipping some bits from the query encoding. The encoder-decoder architecture, often used in natural language processing and neural networks, can be scientifically applied in the field of SEO (Search Engine Optimization) in various ways: Text Processing: By using an autoencoder, it's possible to compress the text of web pages into a more compact vector representation. This can help reduce page loading times and improve indexing by search engines. Noise Reduction: Autoencoders can be used to remove noise from the textual data of web pages. This can lead to a better understanding of the content by search engines, thereby enhancing ranking in search engine result pages. Meta Tag and Snippet Generation: Autoencoders can be trained to automatically generate meta tags, snippets, and descriptions for web pages using the page content. This can optimize the presentation in search results, increasing the Click-Through Rate (CTR). Content Clustering: Using an autoencoder, web pages with similar content can be automatically grouped together. This can help organize the website logically and improve navigation, potentially positively affecting user experience and search engine rankings. Generation of Related Content: An autoencoder can be employed to generate content related to what is already present on the site. This can enhance the website's attractiveness to search engines and provide users with additional relevant information. Keyword Detection: Autoencoders can be trained to identify keywords and important concepts within the content of web pages. This can assist in optimizing keyword usage for better indexing. Semantic Search: By using autoencoder techniques, semantic representation models of content can be created. These models can be used to enhance search engines' understanding of the themes covered in web pages. In essence, the encoder-decoder architecture or autoencoders can be leveraged in SEO to optimize web page content, improve their indexing, and enhance their appeal to both search engines and users. Anomaly detection Another application for autoencoders is anomaly detection. By learning to replicate the most salient features in the training data under some of the constraints described previously, the model is encouraged to learn to precisely reproduce the most frequently observed characteristics. When facing anomalies, the model should worsen its reconstruction performance. In most cases, only data with normal instances are used to train the autoencoder; in others, the frequency of anomalies is small compared to the observation set so that its contribution to the learned representation could be ignored. After training, the autoencoder will accurately reconstruct "normal" data, while failing to do so with unfamiliar anomalous data. Reconstruction error (the error between the original data and its low dimensional reconstruction) is used as an anomaly score to detect anomalies. Recent literature has however shown that certain autoencoding models can, counterintuitively, be very good at reconstructing anomalous examples and consequently not able to reliably perform anomaly detection. Image processing The characteristics of autoencoders are useful in image processing. One example can be found in lossy image compression, where autoencoders outperformed other approaches and proved competitive against JPEG 2000. Another useful application of autoencoders in image preprocessing is image denoising. Autoencoders found use in more demanding contexts such as medical imaging where they have been used for image denoising as well as super-resolution. In image-assisted diagnosis, experiments have applied autoencoders for breast cancer detection and for modelling the relation between the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease and the latent features of an autoencoder trained with MRI. Drug discovery In 2019 molecules generated with variational autoencoders were validated experimentally in mice. Popularity prediction Recently, a stacked autoencoder framework produced promising results in predicting popularity of social media posts, which is helpful for online advertising strategies. Machine translation Autoencoders have been applied to machine translation, which is usually referred to as neural machine translation (NMT). Unlike traditional autoencoders, the output does not match the input - it is in another language. In NMT, texts are treated as sequences to be encoded into the learning procedure, while on the decoder side sequences in the target language(s) are generated. Language-specific autoencoders incorporate further linguistic features into the learning procedure, such as Chinese decomposition features. Machine translation is rarely still done with autoencoders, due to the availability of more effective transformer networks. See also Representation learning Sparse dictionary learning Deep learning References Neural network architectures Unsupervised learning Dimension reduction
The 1931 New Zealand rugby league season was the 24th season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand. International competitions New Zealand played in no international matches during the season. The New South Wales Rugby League's Eastern Suburbs Roosters club toured the country with a five match itinerary. They first defeated Northland 23–11 in Whangarei before defeated Devonport 41-27 and South Auckland 23–14 in Hamilton. Easts then played a combined Devonport-Marist team and lost 13–14. Easts then ended the tour with an 18–13 win over the Auckland Colts to finish with a 4–1 record. National competitions Northern Union Cup Northland held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season, after they had defeated South Auckland 16–8 at Carlaw Park. Inter-district competition Northland drew with Auckland 19-all at Carlaw Park. Inter-district competition The West Coast defeated Canterbury 37–19 in Greymouth. It was the first time they had defeated Canterbury. Club competitions Auckland Marist Brothers won the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial Trophy. The Trophy was named after Edward Vincent Fox, who died in 1930 after finally succumbing to wounds suffered during the First World War. Devonport won the Roope Rooster, Stormont Shield and Norton Cup. The Glenora club was founded in 1931. During the year, at request of the Auckland Rugby League, an amalgamation of the Ellerslie, Otahuhu and Mangere clubs took place, however the clubs abandoned this union at the end of the same year. Puti Tipene (Steve) Watene played for the City Rovers while Marist included Hec Brisbane and Alan Clarke. Len Scott and Allan Seagar played for Devonport. Canterbury Addington won the Canterbury Rugby League's McKeon Cup. Runanga became the first West Coast Rugby League team to win the Thacker Shield, when they defeated Addington 16–6 at Monica Park. Other Competitions The Wellington Rugby League's competition was suspended from 1930 until 1933 due to the Great Depression. References New Zealand rugby league seasons Rugby league season New Zealand rugby league season
China Jiangxi International Economic and Technical Cooperation Co.,Ltd (abbreviated as CJIC or called Jiangxi International) is a Chinese construction and engineering company that operates in many countries of Anglophone Africa. By sales revenue it is a top international contractor, ranking in 2013 among the 250 largest construction companies by international project value, with $392.3 in revenue. Its Kenya subsidiary was selected in 2013 by the National Social Security Fund (Kenya) to build the Trade Centre, a $68 million 39-storey building set to the tallest in Nairobi. In Ghana it is building the Cape Coast Stadium, a $30 million 15,000 spectator stadium given as a gift by China. In more than 50 countries and regions in Asia, Africa, Oceania and Latin America, CJIC has delivered over 600 international contracting projects and China's forerign aid projects concerning buildings, roads and bridges, water conservancy, airports, stadiums and power supply infrastructure. The total contract value of CJIC's projects has reached 8 billion USD. In respect of foreign labour service, CJIC has sent about 100,000 skilled workers to Japan, Singapore, Jordan and Saipan (US). References Construction and civil engineering companies of China Companies based in Jiangxi Chinese companies established in 1983 Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1983
Momelotinib, sold under the brand name Ojjaara, is an anticancer medication used for the treatment of myelofibrosis. It is a Janus kinase inhibitor and it is taken by mouth. The most common adverse reactions include dizziness, fatigue, bacterial infection, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, and nausea. Momelotinib was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2023. Medical uses Momelotinib is indicated for the treatment of intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis in adults with anemia. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics It is an inhibitor of Janus kinases JAK1 and JAK2, acting as an ATP competitor with IC50 values of 11 and 18 nM, respectively. The inhibitor is significantly less active towards other kinases, including JAK3 (IC50 = 0.16 μM). References External links Benzamides 4-Morpholinyl compounds GSK plc brands Nitriles Non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors Protein kinase inhibitors Aminopyrimidines
Narcho Santos is a populated place situated in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of above sea level. References Populated places in Pima County, Arizona
Frederick Hambright (May 1, 1727, n.s.– March 9, 1817) was a military officer who fought in both the local militia and in the North Carolina Line of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. He is best known for his participation in the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780. Serving as a statesman early in the Revolution, Hambright joined the war in 1777, ranked a lieutenant colonel in a local militia. His early actions were limited to occasional checks on (and some minor skirmishes with) Loyalist groups. This changed in 1780 with Hambright's important role at the Battle of Kings Mountain, which occurred near his lands in the newly formed Lincoln County, North Carolina. Hambright was commended for his bravery during the battle, though suffering a wound which forced him to permanently resign from military service. A native of the Duchy of Bavaria, Hambright immigrated to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1738. Between 1755 and 1775, he moved several times, first to Virginia, and then to various areas in North Carolina. After the war, he lived the remainder of his life near Kings Mountain. Early life Frederick Hambright was born to Conrad Hambrecht on May 1, 1727, in Moosbach, Bavaria (then part of the Holy Roman Empire and in present day Germany). He lived there for the first eleven years of his life, until the family immigrated to the Pennsylvania Colony on October 27, 1738, initially settling in Lancaster County. At the age of eighteen, Hambright left his father's home for Henrico County, Virginia. There he married his first wife, Sarah Hardin, sister of Colonel Joseph Hardin, who bore him 12 children, six of whom were raised to maturity. Along with several neighbors, Hambright again emigrated, in 1760, to rural Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (in the area which was to become Tryon County in 1768), settling near the Catawba River close to a frontier fortification that ensured his family's protection from Indian attacks. This area was to become part of Lincoln County, North Carolina, in 1779, and eventually Gaston County, in 1846. Thomas Dixon Jr. was his grandson. Revolutionary War Service record: Lincoln County Regiment, North Carolina militia 1779-1783 9/9/1775, a major under Col. William Graham in the Tryon County Regiment (North Carolina) June 1776, back to captain. 1779, a lieutenant colonel of Riflemen under Col. Andrew Hampton (Rutherford County Regiment). May have been at the Battle of Stono Ferry in South Carolina At the Battle of Ramseur's Mill in North Carolina under Col. Francis Locke (Rowan County Regiment). Wounded at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina Not very active during 1781 and 1782. Resigned April 30, 1783. Before serving as a soldier, Hambright was a signer of the Tryon Resolves of August 14, 1775, a document which declared that the signers would vow resistance against the British for their actions at the Battle of Lexington. He was a representative of Tryon County, at the Third Provincial Congress, which lasted from August 20 to September 10, 1775. In late 1776, Hambright took part in the Rutherford Light Horse expedition against the Overhill Cherokee. When the war reached Tryon County in 1777, Hambright joined the colonial cause as a lieutenant colonel of the Lincoln County Regiment (locally known as "The South Fork Boys"). Hambright was called the "Terror of the Tories". Battle of Kings Mountain On May 22, 1780, Major Patrick Ferguson was assigned as "Inspector of the British Militia", and was promptly ordered to march to Tryon County, North Carolina, to raise troops and to protect the left flank of Lord Cornwallis's main body which occupied Charlotte, North Carolina, at the time. By September 10, Ferguson had established a military camp at Gilbert Town, North Carolina and issued a challenge to the Patriot leaders to lay down their arms or he would, "Lay waste to their country with fire and sword." After receiving this message, Patriot leaders Isaac Shelby and John Sevier quickly planned a preemptive campaign against Ferguson's army. They sent messages to military leaders William Campbell and Benjamin Cleveland to join them. The rendezvous at Sycamore Shoals on September 25, brought to Campbell's army 200 Virginians and 160 North Carolinians. Another 1,100 "Overmountain Men," volunteers from the Washington District, also arrived to fight for the Patriot cause. The army met with Cleveland's 350 men at Burke County, North Carolina, and the now 1,400–strong force marched towards the South Mountains. When word of this force reached Ferguson, he sent a message to Cornwallis asking for reinforcements. This message did not reach Cornwallis in time, and on October 1 Ferguson retreated towards the Broad River, asking for local loyalist militia to join him. By October 6, the Patriots had passed Gilbert Town and had reached Cowpens, South Carolina. Local sympathizers informed the Patriots that Ferguson had 1500 men camped on Kings Mountain. As they were pressed for time before Ferguson would continue on to Charlotte, Patriot leaders picked 900 men—including Hambright's—to ride to Kings Mountain. By the morning of the 7th, they had reached Kings Mountain, surrounded it, and attacked. The militia's commanding officer, Col. William Graham, was absent during the battle due to an illness in his family, leaving Hambright in command. Hambright's group, along with six units, was positioned at the "ball" base beside the "heel" crest of the mountain, in position suited to attack the main Loyalist position. The objective was to catch the Loyalists by surprise. During the assault, Hambright was severely wounded from a musket ball shot to his thigh. Although bleeding badly, he continued fighting. Hambright's comrades were impressed with his bravery, and as fellow soldier, Samuel Moore, later put it: After the battle, Hambright was taken to his nearby log cabin for treatment. He survived, but had to resign from service due to his injury, which caused a permanent limp in Hambright's walk. Later life After his first wife's death on July 17, 1781, Hambright married Mary Dover. Together they had ten children, eight of whom survived to maturity. He lived a quiet life on his homestead near Kings Mountain, until his death on March 9, 1817, at the age of ninety. His remains were interred at Old Shiloh Presbyterian Cemetery in Grover, North Carolina. Footnotes References 1727 births 1817 deaths People from the Duchy of Bavaria People of colonial North Carolina North Carolina militiamen in the American Revolution People from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Signers of the Tryon Resolves People from Henrico County, Virginia
The 1995 United States Formula Ford 2000 National Championship was the first USF2000 national championship sanctioned by the SCCA Pro Racing. The championship was formed after the merger of the USAC FF2000 series and the American Continental Championship. Jeret Schroeder, racing with Schroeder Racing, won the championship. Race calendar and results Drivers' Championship References
The MS Belpamela was a heavy-lift ship of the Norwegian shipping company Belships. The ship sank on 11 April 1947 off Newfoundland while on passage from New York to Cherbourg, after the cargo of 17 locomotives shifted during a storm. Description The Belpamela was a heavy lift motor cargo ship with two thirds of the superstructure in the front and an engine located aft. She had two large holds with particularly large hatches. The ship, with a load capacity of around 4,500 tons, was prepared for the transport of extremely heavy or particularly bulky loads on deck. The loading gear accordingly consisted of six 5-tonne loading beams, one 30-tonne heavy-lift loading boom and one 100-tonne heavy-lift boom. For moving and stowing the bulky, heavy cargo, the Belpamela was also equipped with rails in the hatches and several steam and electric winches on deck. The cargo holds were separated by a removable bulkhead so that long units could be stowed in the space. History Pre-war The Belpamela was built by Armstrong Whitworth in February 1928 at its High Walker shipyard as yard number 1028. She was the lead ship of an order for two identical ships (the other was the ). The ship was owned by Rederiet Belmoira A/S of Oslo, while it was managed by Christen Smith of Oslo. The ship was employed in the worldwide heavy lift transport. Typical cargoes consisted of locomotives and railway vehicles, but lightships, lighters and other smaller watercraft, aircraft or industrial plants of all kinds, such as oil rigs, etc. were also transported. Due to the unusual loads, newspapers, magazines and occasionally newsreels reported about the ship's operations. In October 1935 the ship was transferred to Skips A/S Belships Company Limited in Oslo, nothing changed in the management of Christen Smith. Notable cargoes include a batch of Vulcan Foundry-built China Railways KF series locomotives (including the preserved KF7) from Birkenhead to Shanghai, as well as a streamlined Coronation Scot train that the Belpamela transported from the Southampton, England to Baltimore, USA in January and February 1939 for exhibition at the 1939 New York World's Fair. World War II In early March 1940, the Belpamela was ordered together with the Swedish steamer from Baltimore to Malmö by the Royal Navy trawlers and to Kirkwall to search for contraband. In the early morning of March 2, the Belpamela was fired at by U 32 with three torpedoes, all of which detonated prematurely. In a second attack at 7.15 a.m., U 32 stopped the Lagaholm and sank it with gunfire after its crew had abandoned ship and were sitting in the lifeboats. They was picked up by the Belpamela and taken to Kirkwall and North Ronaldsay. On 12 July 1940, the Belpamela came under German control. On 2 April 1945 Scottish-based De Havilland Mosquito fighter-bombers attacked ships that were awaiting repairs at the Framnæs Mekaniske Værksted shipyard in Sandefjord. The MV Concordia and SS William Blumer were sunk, while the Belpamela, Hektor, Shios Espana and Kattegat were damaged. The Belpamela was towed to Oslo for repairs, where its completion was delayed until the end of the war due to sabotage by Odd Isøy, a member of the Norwegian resistance. Post-war After the end of the war, the ship was repaired and continued its worldwide heavy lift journey. A large order from SNCF, which had ordered a total of 1,340 Mikado-type 141 R locomotives from the United States and Canadian locomotive manufacturers to make up for war losses, took up particularly large space. In April 1947 the Belpamela was on a trip from New York to Cherbourg with 17 of these locomotives, numbers 141.R.1220 to 141.R.1235 and 141.R.1241 from the manufacturer Montreal Locomotive Works . On the Atlantic, off the coast of Newfoundland, the ship got into severe bad weather, in which the locomotives shifted and the ship sank at 37° 44′ N, 53° 3′ W, with the loss of the lives of nine crew members. References Citations Bibliography External links Entry for Belpamela in warsailors.com Transport disasters in 1947 Merchant ships of Norway Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth Ships built on the River Tyne 1928 ships Shipwrecks of the Newfoundland and Labrador coast Maritime incidents in 1947
The Baltimore Orioles were a 19th-century Major League Baseball team that played in Baltimore, Maryland. They played in the American Association when it was considered a major league from 1882 through 1891 and in the National League from 1892 through 1899. During their history, the 19th century Baltimore Orioles employed six managers. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field. The Orioles first manager was their shortstop, Henry Myers. Myers managed the team for only one season, 1882, and led them to a record of 19 wins and 54 losses, for a winning percentage of .260. In 1883, Myers was replaced by Billy Barnie, who managed the team throughout the remainder of its time in the American Association, through 1891. Barnie managed the Orioles to a record of 470 wins and 548 losses, for a .462 winning percentage. The 1050 games Barnie managed were the most in Orioles' history, and the 548 games he lost were also the most in Orioles' history. In 1892, the Orioles joined the National League and outfielder George Van Haltren became the team's manager. Van Haltren lasted only eleven games as manager, winning just one. Van Haltren's winning percentage of .091 is the lowest in Orioles' history. He was by John Waltz, who won just two of the eight games he managed. The third manager the Orioles employed in 1892 was outfielder Ned Hanlon. Hanlon managed the team through the 1898 season, leading the Orioles to three consecutive National League pennants in 1894, 1895 and 1896. In all, Hanlon managed the team for 946 games, winning 555, the most in Orioles history. His .601 winning percentage is also the highest of any Orioles manager. In 1899, Hanlon became the manager of the Brooklyn Superbas, and third baseman John McGraw replaced him. McGraw managed the team to a 4th-place finish in 1899 with a record of 86 wins and 62 losses, after which the team was disbanded. Both McGraw and Hanlon were eventually elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Table key Managers References Lists of Major League Baseball managers Baltimore-related lists
```java /* * * * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * / package com.weibo.api.motan.protocol.v2motan; import com.weibo.api.motan.exception.MotanServiceException; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; /* * Created by zhanglei28 on 2017/5/3. / public class MotanV2Header { public static final short MAGIC = (short) 0xF1F1; private int version = 1;//rpcmotan1 0 motan21 private boolean heartbeat = false;// private boolean gzip = false; //gzip private boolean oneway = false;//response private boolean proxy = false;// motan agent private boolean request = true; //request private int status = 0; //87 01 private int serialize = 1;// body32310 hessian1 grpc-pb2 json3 msgpack4 hprose5 pb6 simple7 grpc-pb-json private long requestId; public int getVersion() { return version; } public void setVersion(int version) { this.version = version; } public boolean isHeartbeat() { return heartbeat; } public void setHeartbeat(boolean heartbeat) { this.heartbeat = heartbeat; } public boolean isGzip() { return gzip; } public void setGzip(boolean gzip) { this.gzip = gzip; } public boolean isOneway() { return oneway; } public void setOneway(boolean oneway) { this.oneway = oneway; } public boolean isProxy() { return proxy; } public void setProxy(boolean proxy) { this.proxy = proxy; } public boolean isRequest() { return request; } public void setRequest(boolean request) { this.request = request; } public int getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(int status) { this.status = status; } public int getSerialize() { return serialize; } public void setSerialize(int serialize) { this.serialize = serialize; } public long getRequestId() { return requestId; } public void setRequestId(long requestId) { this.requestId = requestId; } public byte[] toBytes() { ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(13); buf.putShort(MAGIC); byte msgType = (byte) 0x00; if (heartbeat) { msgType = (byte) (msgType \| 0x10); } if (gzip) { msgType = (byte) (msgType \| 0x08); } if (oneway) { msgType = (byte) (msgType \| 0x04); } if (proxy) { msgType = (byte) (msgType \| 0x02); } if (!request) { msgType = (byte) (msgType \| 0x01); } buf.put(msgType); byte vs = 0x08; if (version != 1) { vs = (byte) ((version << 3) & 0xf8); } if (status != 0) { vs = (byte) (vs \| (status & 0x07)); } buf.put(vs); byte se = 0x08; if (serialize != 1) { se = (byte) ((serialize << 3) & 0xf8); } buf.put(se); buf.putLong(requestId); buf.flip(); return buf.array(); } public static MotanV2Header buildHeader(byte[] headerBytes) { ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(headerBytes); short mg = buf.getShort(); if (mg != MAGIC) { throw new MotanServiceException("decode motan v2 header fail. magicnum not correct. magic:" + mg); } MotanV2Header header = new MotanV2Header(); byte b = buf.get(); if ((b & 0x10) == 0x10) { header.setHeartbeat(true); } if ((b & 0x08) == 0x08) { header.setGzip(true); } if ((b & 0x04) == 0x04) { header.setOneway(true); } if ((b & 0x02) == 0x02) { header.setProxy(true); } if ((b & 0x01) == 0x01) { header.setRequest(false); } b = buf.get(); header.setVersion((b >>> 3) & 0x1f); header.setStatus(b & 0x07); b = buf.get(); header.setSerialize((b >>> 3) & 0x1f); header.setRequestId(buf.getLong()); return header; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null \|\| getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; MotanV2Header that = (MotanV2Header) o; if (version != that.version) return false; if (heartbeat != that.heartbeat) return false; if (gzip != that.gzip) return false; if (oneway != that.oneway) return false; if (proxy != that.proxy) return false; if (request != that.request) return false; if (status != that.status) return false; if (serialize != that.serialize) return false; return requestId == that.requestId; } @Override public int hashCode() { int result = version; result = 31 result + (heartbeat ? 1 : 0); result = 31 * result + (gzip ? 1 : 0); result = 31 * result + (oneway ? 1 : 0); result = 31 * result + (proxy ? 1 : 0); result = 31 * result + (request ? 1 : 0); result = 31 * result + status; result = 31 * result + serialize; result = 31 * result + (int) (requestId ^ (requestId >>> 32)); return result; } public static enum MessageStatus { NORMAL(0), EXCEPTION(1); private final int status; private MessageStatus(int status) { this.status = status; } public int getStatus() { return status; } } } ```
Palur (, also Romanized as Pālūr) is a village in Bemani Rural District, Byaban District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 360, in 69 families. References Populated places in Minab County
The 1992 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football game contested between the West Coast Eagles and the Geelong Football Club, held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne on 26 September 1992. It was the 96th annual grand final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 1992 AFL season. The match, attended by 95,007 spectators, was won by West Coast by a margin of 28 points, marking that club's first premiership victory and the first by a team based outside the state of Victoria. Background This was Geelong's first appearance in a grand final since losing the 1989 VFL Grand Final, whilst West Coast was making its second successive appearance in the premiership decider, having been defeated by Hawthorn in the 1991 AFL Grand Final At the conclusion of the home and away season, Geelong had finished first on the AFL ladder with 16 wins and 6 losses, winning the McClelland Trophy. West Coast had finished fourth (behind Footscray and Collingwood) with 15 wins, 6 losses and a draw. In the finals series leading up to the game, West Coast defeated Hawthorn in the elimination final, before convincingly defeating Geelong by 38 points in the second semi-final to advance to the grand final. Geelong defeated Footscray in the qualifying final, and after their loss to the Eagles in the second semi-final, defeated Footscray once again in the preliminary final to advance to the grand final. Match summary First quarter In a repeat of three years prior, the Cats signalled their intent to attack both man and ball early when, two minutes into the quarter, Ablett bumped into Pyke with a raised forearm to the side of the face deep in Geelong's forward pocket, knocking Pyke out and needing to be stretchered off. Amazingly he was back on the ground less than ten minutes later. After Matera had given a slight glimpse of what was to come with a long shot that was slightly wide in the opening seconds, the Cats kicked the first two goals of the game in the space of a minute through Poole and Stoneham. The Eagles struggled for accuracy early in the game, kicking four straight behinds before Riccardi added Geelong's third at the 13-minute mark with an impressive left-foot snap from a tight angle. Matera, who was being manned by Bairstow, finally scored West Coast's first goal at the 20-minute mark when he ran onto a hit-out from Barnes at the edge of the centre square, steadied and kicked truly from 55 metres. It was then Geelong's turn to squander several scoring chances, with Hocking (twice), Riccardi and Couch scoring behinds until veteran Bruns converted a set shot to put the Cats 17 points ahead, which remained the quarter-time margin as Sumich and Brownless respectively kicked their first goal for the game. Second quarter Geelong were first on the scoreboard two minutes into the second quarter when Ablett finished off a fine sequence of midfield play by slotting a wonderful set shot from outside the 50-metre arc on the right half-forward flank. From the resulting centre bounce, Ablett was again in the action, marking a quick pass from Couch and unleashing a big torpedo punt which was marked by Brownless nearly on the goal line, only to miss the set shot from a tight angle. The Eagles continued to create chances but with little reward, Waterman's three scoring attempts resulting in one behind and two out of bounds on the full. However, their persistence finally paid off when Matera gathered the ball from a ground level contest on the half-forward flank, used his explosive acceleration to escape from Bairstow, and snapped his second goal on the run from outside 50. Brownless replied quickly with his second goal of the game, but when Eagles rover Evans kicked two consecutive goals, Geelong's 24-point lead had been cut to ten points. Couch gave the Cats breathing space again when he goaled from point blank range after being awarded a 50-metre penalty, but with seconds remaining Sumich capped off a desperate passage of play with a freakish over-the-shoulder snap for his second goal to make the margin 12 points at half time. Third quarter In a repeat of the second quarter, Ablett kicked the first goal (his second for the game) to give Geelong a 17-point buffer four minutes into the term. But West Coast replied just two minutes later when Evans followed up another attacking foray and benefited from courageous play by Langdon to kick his third goal, and when Wilson, who had just come back onto the field, gathered the ball in the forward pocket, shook off a diving tackle around the ankle and snapped a freakish goal over his head, leading to commentator Dennis Cometti's iconic expression "like a cork in the ocean", the Eagles were now just four points behind the Cats and had seized the initiative. From the centre bounce following Wilson's goal, the Eagles again won the clearance, with Kemp and Heady combining to find Matera clear on the right half-forward flank. Matera marked and played on immediately, his glorious kick on the run from outside the 50-metre arc curling back between the big sticks for his third goal to give West Coast a lead they would never again relinquish. The Eagles extended the lead further when Sumich converted his set shot from a free kick for his third goal and Matera kicked his second for the quarter, picking up a loose ball as the Eagles again willed the ball forward through the middle of the ground, getting away from several Geelong defenders and finishing on his left foot. The siren sounded for the last change with West Coast 17 points ahead and holding all the momentum, having kicked the last five goals of the match. Fourth quarter Geelong fans were hoping for a repeat of their team's last quarter heroics from 1989, but it was West Coast who got the important first goal within the opening minute when Mainwaring and Lewis combined superbly to find Sumich on a lead. Instead of taking the set shot, Sumich cleverly handballed over the man on the mark to the oncoming and unmarked Matera, who ran into an open goal. Brownless, who had been relatively quiet since the second quarter, finally broke the Eagles' run of goals with a superb set shot from the forward pocket after Kemp had been penalized for deliberate out of bounds. From the restart, the Cats again went into attack through Hocking. Ablett used his strength to bring the ball to ground and hand pass to Bairstow, whose running shot at goal from 40 metres out was touched on the line by McIntosh. West Coast steadied and replied with the next three goals via Sumich (two) and Wilson to extend the margin to 34 points at the 12-minute mark. Ablett scored a late consolation goal after a flop which earned a free kick, resulting in his third goal for the game. Aftermath The Norm Smith Medal was awarded to Eagles player Peter Matera for being judged the best player afield, with 18 disposals and 5 goals from the wing. One of these goals was a stunning right-foot 60-metre running goal from the right forward flank to put the Eagles in front. Teams Match scorecard and Details References Bibliography External links See also 1992 AFL season VFL/AFL Grand Finals Afl Grand Final, 1992 1992 Australian Football League season West Coast Eagles Geelong Football Club
Zatrephes haxairei is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was first described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1990. It is found in Ecuador. References Phaegopterina Moths described in 1989
Florence is a city in Lyon County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 39 at the 2010 census. History Florence was platted in 1888, and named for Florence Sherman, the daughter of a first settler. A post office was in operation at Florence in 1889. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. U.S. Route 14 and Minnesota State Highway 23 are two of the main routes in the community. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 39 people, 14 households, and 11 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 20 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 74.4% White, 23.1% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23.1% of the population. There were 14 households, of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.27. The median age in the city was 39.3 years. 30.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 5.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.2% male and 53.8% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 61 people, 21 households, and 17 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 27 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.89% White, 13.11% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.11% of the population. There were 21 households, out of which 42.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.4% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.24. In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.4% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 122.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $58,125. Males had a median income of $13,750 versus $31,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,312. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line. There is a Baitshop in town (The Highway Baitshop) that is the only business in Florence. References Cities in Minnesota Cities in Lyon County, Minnesota
James Washington "Sunny Jim" Pastorius (July 12, 1881 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – May 10, 1941 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He pitched from 1906–1909 for the Brooklyn Superbas. External links 1881 births 1941 deaths Baseball players from Pittsburgh Major League Baseball pitchers Brooklyn Superbas players Albany Senators players
The 1974 American League Championship Series was a best-of-five matchup between the East Division Champion Baltimore Orioles and the West Division Champion Oakland Athletics. It was a rematch of the previous year's series and third meeting between the two teams in four seasons. The A's beat the Orioles three games to one to win their third straight pennant, then defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series for their third consecutive championship. Summary Baltimore Orioles vs. Oakland A's Game summaries Game 1 The Birds jumped all over the ace of the Oakland staff, Catfish Hunter, pounding him for six runs and eight hits, including three homers in less than five innings. Hunter had a skein of seven straight decisions over the Birds going into the game. Southpaw Mike Cuellar pitched steady ball for the winners and got the decision with relief help in the ninth inning from Ross Grimsley. A portent of things to happen came in the first inning when Paul Blair, second man in the batting order, hit a Hunter pitch for a home run. Bert Campaneris' single that followed a fielder's choice and a stolen base by Bill North gave the A's a temporary tie in the third inning. But a double by Bobby Grich and Tommy Davis' single put the Orioles ahead to stay in the fourth. A four-run outburst in the fifth, featuring homers by Brooks Robinson and Bobby Grich, locked up the game and sent Hunter to the showers. When Cuellar yielded a single to Jesús Alou and a double to Claudell Washington, both pinch-hitters, to open the last of the ninth, he was pulled in favor of Grimsley, who got the last three outs without trouble. Game 2 The A's assumed command the next day when Ken Holtzman permitted the Orioles only five hits en route to a 5–0 triumph. The Oakland club got an unearned run in the fourth when Bobby Grich dropped a foul pop by Sal Bando for an error. Two pitches later, Bando drove a Dave McNally pitch over the left-field fence for a homer. Joe Rudi tripled home North in the sixth for the second run. In the eighth inning, with two men on—the result of a walk and an error—Ray Fosse hit a home run off reliever Grant Jackson to put the game on ice. Game 3 In a great complete-game pitching battle between Vida Blue and Jim Palmer, Blue hurled a two-hitter and Palmer a four-hitter. But one of the four safe blows yielded by the Oriole right-hander was a home run by Sal Bando in the fourth inning, the only run of the game. Game 4 The fourth game belonged to the A's, although their offense was able to produce only one safe hit for the afternoon. Cuellar pitched a no-hitter for 4⅔ innings, but walked four consecutive batters to give Oakland a run. During his stint on the mound, the Oriole lefty walked no less than nine batters and was removed while yet to give up a hit. The run that was to prove decisive came in the seventh off reliever Ross Grimsley. Sal Bando walked and Reggie Jackson stroked a double off the left-field wall to plate Bando. The Orioles almost pulled the game out of the bag in their last turn at bat. With one out and Rollie Fingers pitching in relief of Hunter, Paul Blair walked and Bobby Grich singled. A force play provided the second out of the inning but Boog Powell's single drove in one run, finally ending a thirty-inning scoreless streak. Fingers, however, was equal to the occasion and fanned Don Baylor on a fast ball to clinch another league crown for Oakland. Pitching dominated the four-game set, the A's batted a meager .183, but the Orioles were even lower at a paltry .177. After Game 1, superior Oakland pitching held Baltimore to just one run and twelve hits over the next three games, hitting a very weak .135 (12 for 89), with no extra-base hits. Composite box 1974 ALCS (3–1): Oakland A's over Baltimore Orioles References External links 1974 ALCS at Baseball-Reference.com American League Championship Series American League Championship Series Oakland Athletics postseason Baltimore Orioles postseason American League Championship Series American League Championship Series 1970s in Baltimore 20th century in Oakland, California American League Championship Series Baseball competitions in Baltimore Baseball competitions in Oakland, California
Women's 60 kg competition at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, took place on 22 June at the Heydar Aliyev Arena. Schedule All times are Azerbaijan Summer Time (UTC+05:00) Results Repechage References External links Sambo at the 2015 European Games

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