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Renée Colliard (born 24 December 1933 in Geneva – 15 December 2022) was a Swiss alpine skier. At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, she became Olympic champion in Slalom.
References
1933 births
2022 deaths
Swiss female alpine skiers
Sportspeople from Geneva
Alpine skiers at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Switzerland
Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Medalists at the 1956 Winter Olympics
20th-century Swiss women |
John Clarke Hawkshaw (1841 – 12 February 1921) was a British civil engineer.
Biography
Hawkshaw was born in Manchester, England in 1841 and was the son of civil engineer Sir John Hawkshaw and Lady Ann Hawkshaw. He attended Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was president of the University Boat Club and rowed in the annual Boat Race against Oxford University in 1863 and 1864. On 9 December 1862 John Clarke Hawkshaw was commissioned as an ensign in the Third Cambridgeshire Rifle Volunteer Corps a Volunteer Force unit stationed at Cambridge University. He resigned his commission as ensign in the unit on 1 December 1863. Hawkshaw graduated with a Master of Arts degree and lived at Liphook in Hampshire. By 1876 Hawkshaw was a partner in his father's civil engineering firm.
In March 1876 Hawkshaw was elected a member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, an institution that he would become president of in 1889. He served as the 39th president of the Institution of Civil Engineers from November 1902 to November 1903. In holding that office he followed in the footsteps of his father who had been the 11th president from December 1861 to December 1863. The largest civil engineering project undertaken by the firm which was initiated by John Clarke Hawkshaw was the Puerto Madero docks in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1887–98).
On 4 October 1884 Hawkshaw was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel in Command of the Engineer and Railway Staff Corps, an unpaid Royal Engineers volunteer unit which provides technical expertise to the British Army. He was granted the honorary rank of Colonel on 25 October 1902, and on 6 February 1903 received the Volunteer Officers' Decoration (VD), a reward for more than 20 years of volunteer military service. He continued as Lieutenant-Colonel in Command when the regiment became part of the Territorial Force on 1 April 1908. Hawkshaw also served as a Justice of the Peace.
In 1903 he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission to decide the British submission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904.
Hawkshaw was married to Cecily Mary Wedgwood the daughter of Francis Wedgwood of the famous pottery firm. He died on 12 February 1921, Cecily had died in 1917.
References
Bibliography
1841 births
1921 deaths
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English male rowers
Engineers from Manchester
British civil engineers
Presidents of the Institution of Civil Engineers
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
Engineer and Railway Staff Corps officers
Volunteer Force officers
Cambridgeshire Regiment officers
Military personnel from Manchester |
Cercospora liquidambaris is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
liquidambaris
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases |
Stephen du Perche (died 14/17 April 1205) was a French nobleman and crusader. He was a partisan of the Plantagenets in their conflict with the French crown and held fiefs from them. A younger son, he governed the County of Perche on behalf of his father and brother during their absence on crusade. He himself joined the Fourth Crusade in 1202 and travelled to the Holy Land. Afterwards, he went to the Latin Empire and was appointed duke of Philadelphia in Asia Minor in 1204. He died in battle against the Bulgars.
Early life
Born before 1173, Stephen was the second of five sons of Count Rotrou IV of Perche and his wife Matilda, daughter of Theobald, count of Blois and Chartres. He was named after his uncle, Stephen, archbishop of Palermo. His younger brothers entered the church.
His father and older brother, Geoffrey III, joined the Third Crusade in 1189. During their absence, Stephen shared the administration of the county with the seneschal Warin of Lonray. After Geoffrey's return in 1192 or 1193, Stephen accompanied him to England. It has sometimes been thought that Stephen and Geoffrey divided the Perche between themselves, but this is based on a misreading of a document of 1202.
Around 1200, Stephen gave land he possessed at Arponnel and in the forested gâtines (wasteland) between Chartres and Thiron-Gardais to the Knights Templar.
Anglo-Norman service
By the early 1190s, Stephen held rights to a portion of the comital revenues of the manors at Rivray, Montlandon and Nonvilliers, the mills at La Poterie and the salt works at Nogent-le-Rotrou. By 1195, he had entered the service of King Richard I of England, who was also Duke of Normandy. He was receiving arrears of payments from the Exchequer of Normandy as late as 1200. At some point prior to 1198, Stephen was granted temporary control of the lands of Fulk of Aunou in the Hiémois. In August 1198, Stephen was with Richard at Orival. A little later in 1198, Richard granted Stephen a money fief and Stephen fought for Richard in the war with France that year.
In July 1200, King John of England, Richard's successor, appointed Stephen castellan of Châteauneuf-sur-Sarthe in the County of Anjou. Stephen, however, had to give up the royal grant of lands he had received at Chambois, where he was reaping the profits of a Jewish moneylender he had brought in from the Île-de-France. These lands were passed on to William Marshal. In the autumn of 1201, when King John returned to Anjou after a circuit of the Duchy of Aquitaine, Stephen stood as a guarantor of the settlement reached between John and one of his most powerful Angevin vassals, Juhel III of Mayenne, who had supported John's rival for the throne, Arthur of Brittany, in 1199.
Fourth Crusade
In 1200, Stephen's brother Geoffrey joined the Fourth Crusade. He spent much of the next two years preparing, but he died just before Easter 1202. Among his pious acts of preparation was the grant of a charter to Le Mans Cathedral promising comital protection for its property at Courgenard in the Perche. Stephen swore to respect Geoffrey's promise to Le Mans. He had committed to the crusade by January 1202, when he mortgaged his properties at Langeais to cover his expenses. Geoffrey, on his deathbed at Le Theil, entrusted command of the Percheron contingent to Stephen. In May 1202, King John stood as surety for a loan to Stephen from the Templars and Hospitallers. During the interval between his brother's death and his departure, Stephen seems to have governed the county of Perche again. After his departure, Geoffrey's widow Matilda took over the regency for her minor son, Thomas.
In June, Stephen and the Percheron contingent joined the main French force massing at Chartres. He made several religious bequests before departing, including the endowment of a memorial requiem mass for himself to be celebrated in Chartres Cathedral annually on the anniversary of his death. In June, he also confirmed his sister-in-law's endowment of an annual requiem for his brother. He probably travelled in the company of his cousin Count Louis I of Blois.
Stephen made the rendezvous at Venice in October 1202, but he was physically incapable of leaving with the army. His ship, the Violet, sank shortly after sailing and it is unclear if Stephen was injured in the wreck or if he had not been aboard because of an illness. In this way he avoided the controversial siege of Zara in November. In March 1203 he decided not to rejoin the main army and went to southern Italy with Rotrou of Montfort and Yves of La Jaille. From there they sailed directly to the Holy Land, possibly in the same flotilla or ship as Simon of Montfort.
Baron in Greece
Only after the sack of Constantinople did Stephen rejoin the army to help defend the conquests. He returned from the Holy Land with Renaud of Montmirail. In 1204, after the partition of the Byzantine Empire by the crusaders, the new emperor Baldwin I granted Stephen the duchy of Philadelphia in Asia Minor as an imperial fief. It is not likely that much or any of this fief was under crusader control at the time. Nevertheless, Stephen distributed fiefs to his own vassals within his duchy. The grant of a large and autonomous fief, as connoted by the term "duchy", is an indication that Stephen was considered among the first rank of crusaders. The actual ruler of Philadelphia, Theodore Mangaphas, was defeated by the imperial regent Henry of Flanders at the battle of Adramyttion on 19 March 1205, bringing at least part of the region briefly under crusader control.
Stephen was one of twelve barons who sat on the council that advised the emperor. In Constantinople, he seems to have rejoined the following of Louis of Blois. On 3 April 1205, he was at the siege of Adrianople, which had been occupied by Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria. He joined Louis and Renaud of Montmirail on a foraging expedition and, on 14 April, all three were killed while pursuing a Cuman force. According to the necrology of Chartres, however, his requiem was celebrated on 17 April.
Stephen's participation in the crusade and his brief career in Greece is narrated in Geoffrey of Villehardouin's chronicle and the Devastatio Constantinopolitana.
Notes
Sources
1205 deaths
Christians of the Fourth Crusade
Latin Empire people
Dukes of the Crusader states
People killed in action
12th-century births |
Atichai Phoemsap is a Thai amateur boxer. As an amateur, he won the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and 2018 AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships.
Amateur career
Phoemsap represented Thailand in the AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships and defeated Hungarian boxer Adrián Orbán to win the gold medal. Moreover, he competed in the 2018 Youth Olympics and defeated Ukrainian boxer Taras Bonarchuk in the final and won the gold medal.
References
Living people
2000 births
Atichai Phoemsap
Boxers at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics
Youth Olympic gold medalists for Thailand
Atichai Phoemsap
Atichai Phoemsap |
The Dublin gunpowder explosion was a large explosion that took place on the quays of Dublin on 11 March 1597. The explosion demolished as many as forty houses, and left dozens of others badly damaged. The explosion claimed the lives of 126 people and inflicted countless injuries.
The accidental explosion is the worst disaster of the kind to have occurred in Ireland. In the long run, however, the disaster provided the impetus for the expansion of Dublin in the early 17th century and beyond, with the rebuilding efforts laying the foundation of the new city centre.
Explosion of 11 March
In the early afternoon of Friday, 11 March 1597, a consignment of 144 barrels of gunpowder were landed at a place known as 'The Crane' at the northern extremity of Winetavern Street (a building used as the custom house of Dublin prior to the erection of the nearby Custom House in 1707). At the time, ships generally discharged their heavier cargoes at the port of Dalkey, and the remainder at the Crane. The barrels of gunpowder were considered manageable enough to be unloaded by crane from a lighter (a barge) moored at the dock close to Wood Quay.
Shortly after one o'clock, as the wooden crane was shifting four barrels towards the quay, 140 barrels of gunpowder that had been resting on the riverside were engulfed by a massive explosion, transforming the quayside into a scene of devastation. The crane and crane house, which were sited by the barrels, were torn asunder, and the force of the blast was felt far across the city. Nearby, many houses owned by merchant families facing the River Liffey were consumed by the blast, some of them collapsing, others badly defaced. Such was the force of the blast that some buildings in the suburbs of the city were damaged as debris rained down across Dublin. The dozens of riverside labourers who were unlucky enough to be working in the area had no chance of survival: body parts were found scattered hundreds of yards from the crater left by the explosion. In the subsequent investigation, led by 'Michael Chamberlin, Maior (Mayor), and John Shelton and William Pallas, Shrieffs (Sheriffs)', no less than six-score bodies were identified, besides 'sondrie headles bodies and heades without bodies that were found and not knowne.'
The contemporaneous Gaelic chronicle known as the Annals of the Four Masters describes the disaster:
...a spark of fire got into the powder; but from whence that spark proceeded, whether from the heavens or from the earth beneath, is not known; howbeit, the barrels burst into one blazing flame and rapid conflagration, which raised into the air, from their solid foundations and supporting posts, the stone mansions and wooden houses of the street, so that the long beam, the enormous stone, and the man in his corporal shape, were sent whirling into the air over the town by the explosion of this powerful powder; and it is impossible to enumerate, reckon, or describe the number of honourable persons, of tradesmen of every class, of women and maidens, and of the sons of gentlemen, who had come from all parts of Ireland to be educated in the city, that were destroyed.
Lead-up to explosion
The disaster took place against the backdrop of the Nine Years' War, in which the Ulster leader Hugh O'Neill and his allies were engaged in an armed challenge to the English Crown. Vast quantities of gunpowder were required to supply the English army in Ireland. The main destination for the cargo of gunpowder was Dublin, the principal city of Ireland. These were offloaded by English ships onto boats waiting offshore: from there, they were ferried across the shallow water to the city.
In the days before the explosion, a dispute had arisen between the Dublin porters and the castle officials. A crown official by the name of John Allen, the clerk of the storehouse, had threatened and intimidated a number of the porters, forcing them to work without pay. As such, many of the porters were effectively on strike, refusing to help unload the barrels of gunpowder. This led to a buildup of gunpowder on the quays. This series of events set into motion the explosion which was to follow.
Exactly what triggered the conflagration of the barrels was never determined, although the day of the explosion was noted as unusually dry.
Aftermath: Dublin rebuilt
The disaster claimed 126 lives, both men and women, and mostly locals. At the time, the population of Dublin was not quite 10,000, so the impact of the death toll was significant, representing about of the population of the city.
Although the immediate impact of the explosion was horrific, the rebuilding that took place in the early 17th century paved the way for the dramatic expansion of Dublin in the 1600s. In contrast to the timber that was widely employed in Ireland in the medieval and Tudor era, much of the new building was in brick. The rebuilding effort also spilled into newly reclaimed land in the east of the city. This facilitated the dramatic growth of the population of the city, from less than 10,000 in 1600 to around 20,000 by the 1630s.
The rebuilding effort was in some respects comparable to that which took place in London after the Great Fire of 1666, transforming medieval Dublin into a more modern city.
See also
Cork gunpowder explosion (1810)
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Tudor Blog – The Great Explosion, 1597 – links to original sources (archived)
1597 in Ireland
Explosions in Ireland
History of Dublin (city)
1597 disasters |
Proposition 71, also known as Prop 71, was a California ballot proposition and proposed state constitution amendment to change the effective date of passed ballot measures from the day after the election to the fifth day after the Secretary of State certified the results.
Stated goals of the measure was to ensure results were official before new measures were implemented. Opposers fearing a delay in urgent measures. Kevin Mullin supported the amendment. The California Democratic Party endorsed the amendment. Rural County Representatives of California also endorsed the amendment.
It passed in the June 2018 California primary election.
Results
References
2018 California ballot propositions |
Scorpiurus, the scorpion's-tails, is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It contains only two species: Scorpiurus muricatus, which is used in gardening and in salads as a garnish, and Scorpiurus vermiculatus. Both are native to the Mediterranean region and the Near East.
References
Loteae
Fabaceae genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
Clitheroe Rural District was a rural district in the county of Lancashire, England. It was created in 1894 and abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972.
It was based on Clitheroe and included 16 other civil parishes.
It had a population of 5,838 in 1901 and 8,799 in 1961.
References
External links
Map of Clitheroe RD at Vision of Britain
History of Lancashire
Districts of England created by the Local Government Act 1894
Districts of England abolished by the Local Government Act 1972
Rural districts of England |
Vincent de Paul Gondjout is a Gabonese politician. He is a member of the Gabonese Democratic Party (Parti démocratique gabonais, PDG), and is a Deputy of the National Assembly of Gabon representing the Commune of Libreville. He is the son of Paul Gondjout, who was a prominent figure in Gabon in the 1960s.
References
Members of the National Assembly of Gabon
Gabonese Democratic Party politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Libreville
21st-century Gabonese people |
Donald Henry Cotton (26 April 1928 – 28 December 1999) was a British writer for radio and television during the black and white era. He also wrote numerous musical revues for the stage. His work often had a comedic bent.
Early BBC career
Cotton's scripts for the BBC Third Programme include Echo and Narcissus (1959), The Golden Fleece and Stereologue (both 1962) and The Tragedy of Phaethon (1965, described as a comedy despite the name). In 1960, he introduced Voices in the Air, a programme whose script included work not only by Cotton but also by other notable contributors including Harold Pinter, John Betjeman, Michael Flanders, Antony Hopkins, N. F. Simpson, Donald Swann, and Sandy Wilson.
Doctor Who scripts
"The Myth Makers"
In April 1965, Donald Tosh replaced Dennis Spooner as story editor on the popular BBC science fiction programme Doctor Who, and soon thereafter contacted Donald Cotton, an old acquaintance, to write for the programme. Tosh and incoming producer John Wiles were keen to push the boundaries of the programme, and felt that Cotton might be able to deliver a high comedy. His first script, The Myth Makers, a tongue-in-cheek historical based like several of his radio plays on Greek mythology, pushed comedic elements to the limit. Cotton's planned episode titles were altered due to BBC disapproval of the punning theme the author had devised for them. Only the original name for the second episode, Small Prophet, Quick Return survived at Tosh's insistence. William Hartnell is reputed to have been particularly unimpressed by the story and clashed with several members of the cast and crew during filming. None of the episodes of The Myth Makers still survive in the BBC Archives.
"The Gunfighters"
Tosh and Wiles were so pleased with his first script that Donald Cotton was quickly asked to submit another idea for Doctor Who and on 30 November 1965 Cotton was commissioned to write The Gunfighters. The idea was that this would, again, be a humorous take on the historical story; this time, the target would be the American Wild West (a setting which William Hartnell would later claim to have suggested), and specifically the infamous Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, which took place on 26 October 1881. Eschewing detailed historical research, Cotton opted to hew closer to the version of the Gunfight which had passed into contemporary mythology, with Wyatt Earp as a stolid enforcer of the law and Doc Holliday as a rascally anti-hero. Once more, Cotton's script played fast and loose with other elements of true Wild West history.
To Cotton's chagrin, both Wiles and Tosh resigned from Doctor Who at the end of December 1965, to be replaced by producer Innes Lloyd and story editor Gerry Davis. Lloyd and Davis disliked the historical genre, believing that the viewing audience was more interested in science-fiction stories, and also felt that the comedic bent of The Gunfighters did not fit with their more serious vision of Doctor Who. For a time, the production team considered cancelling the story altogether and replacing it with Ian Stuart Black's The Savages, which would end up following Cotton's adventure into production. The production team's fears about the quality of The Gunfighters appeared to be borne out when the final three episodes equalled or exceeded the series' lowest Audience Appreciation scores to date. Indeed, The O.K. Corral episode, rating only 30%, would prove to be the all-time low-water mark for Doctor Who. These disastrous figures helped strengthen Lloyd's conviction that historical serials should be eliminated from Doctor Who altogether. This was not the only controversy surrounding The O.K. Corral: a dispute had arisen between director Rex Tucker and Lloyd over the editing of the episode, leading to Tucker requesting that his credit be excised.
"The Herdsmen of Aquarius"
The Gunfighters was Donald Cotton's last contribution to Doctor Who. Another submission entitled The Herdsmen of Aquarius (or The Herdsmen of Venus) was rejected by Gerry Davis in June 1966. It would have featured an "explanation" for the Loch Ness Monster, which the storyline explained away as livestock kept by aliens.
Post-Doctor Who career
After helping to create Adam Adamant Lives!, Donald Cotton mainly confined his attention to writing and performing for the stage, although he would also become a novelist and columnist. He helped Tony Snell write the satirical 1968 album Medieval & Latter Day Lays, also known as Englishman Abroad. In the 1980s, Cotton novelised his Doctor Who serials as well as The Romans for Target Books. For this, he took a comedic and unusual approach and presented them in the first person. His Romans adaptation takes the form of an epistolary novel told by, among other narrators, the Doctor's companion Ian Chesterton. The Gunfighters is told by Doc Holliday and has Johnny Ringo take the contract to kill the Earps in order to afford a copy of the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Classical Biography. He wrote a novel entitled Bodkin Papers in 1986.
Writing credits
References
External links
Index of collection of BBC Third Programme Radio Scripts held at the University of Delaware
1928 births
1999 deaths
20th-century English male writers
20th-century English screenwriters
British male television writers
English male dramatists and playwrights
English male screenwriters
English radio writers
English science fiction writers
English television writers |
Miecznikowo-Sowy is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Janowiec Kościelny, within Nidzica County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
References
Miecznikowo-Sowy |
The Steinhardt Foundation for Jewish Life (Steinhardt Foundation) is a New York City based non-profit foundation, created in 1994, which funds projects and programs aimed at improving Jewish education and identity for American Jews. , Rabbi David Gedzelman is the President and CEO of the Steinhardt Foundation.
The Steinhardt Foundation was created as the Jewish Life Network by former hedge fund manager Michael Steinhardt, who disbanded his financial practice to focus on philanthropy. A founding initiative, co-sponsored with the Israeli government, private donors, and Jewish communities around the world, is the Birthright Israel program, to provide young Jews, age 18 to 26 years old, the opportunity to tour Israel for the first time.
As of April 2005, the foundation had disbursed over $100 million to various educational, cultural and service causes, including starting and/or funding: the PEJE in 1997; programs at the 92nd Street Y; the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development at New York University; and the Steinhardt Social Research Institute at Brandeis University.
From 2000 to 2013, the Steinhardt Foundation co-sponsored the annual Harold Grinspoon Foundation Awards for Excellence in Jewish Education, renamed the Grinspoon-Steinhardt Awards for Excellence in Jewish Education during that period.
From 1998 to 2018, the Steinhardt Foundation published the quarterly magazine Contact.
External links
References
Jewish charities based in the United States
Jewish educational organizations
Charities based in New York (state) |
Filipino Plaza is a landscaped park located on Vanness Avenue, west of SkyTrain's Nanaimo Station in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The open park, sometimes referred to as a linear park, is located underneath the SkyTrain Expo Line, and was one of the dozens of open parks built in 1986 as part of BC Transit's Parkway Program showcasing different cultural parks on the 26-kilometre path that parallels the SkyTrain. Many ethnic communities created legacies on the linear park under the Skytrain in 1986.
Designed by architect Bert Morelos, the park consists of a wooden arch, a very distinctive and colourful Sarimanok logo, and two walls made up of 2,000 red bricks donated by Filipino-Canadians representing the pioneers of the plaza.
Construction of the park was made possible with the bayanihan spirit of Filipino-Canadian members of the "Filipino Plaza Committee of 1985." The designer of the Sarimanok logo and the park itself was Filipino. The committee led the effort of the many Filipino in raising enough money for the plaza.
In 2010, a Filipino Plaza Committee was formed to handle proposed improvements.
References
Asian-Canadian culture in Vancouver
Filipino-Canadian culture
Parks in Vancouver |
"Secret Admiral-irer" is the 18th episode of the sixth season of the animated comedy series Bob's Burgers and the overall 106th episode, and was written by Holly Schlesinger and H. Jon Benjamin, and directed by Brian Loschiavo. It aired on Fox in the United States on May 22, 2016. In the episode, Tina volunteers at a nursing home to earn her next Thunder Girls badge, where her ideas of love and romance are tested. Meanwhile, Bob makes new friends who lead him into making questionable decisions.
Plot
Tina's ideas of love and romance are tested when she volunteers at a nursing home to earn her next Thunder Girls badge. Meanwhile, Bob makes new friends who lead him to make some questionable choices.
Reception
Alasdair Wilkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B+, he explained his rating by saying, "Still, “Secret Admiral-er” is a Tina episode, and perhaps it's because Tina's character arc has flattened now that her stories aren't quite as consistently amazing as they were a couple years ago. The main story is solid, especially since the show gives itself a relatively high degree of difficulty with how it plays Meryl's senility. There's nothing inherently wrong with playing a nonagenarian's mental state for laughs—well, I suppose you could argue there is, but I'm looking to keep my amoral, value-neutral reviewer pose going, you know?—but this is slightly harsher material than Bob's Burgers usually goes in for, and it takes a little finesse to balance the various comedic targets."
The episode received a 1.0 rating and was watched by a total of 2.23 million people.
References
External links
2016 American television episodes
Bob's Burgers (season 6) episodes |
Seymour Arm, known historically also as Ogdensville or Ogden City and Seymour, is an unincorporated area and former town located at the head of the inlet of the same name on Shuswap Lake in British Columbia, Canada. Located at the mouth of the Seymour River, adjacent to Silver Beach Provincial Park, and functioning as the disembarkation point for trails over passes across the Monashee Mountains connecting that river's valley to that of the Columbia River, and navigable by water from Savona at the farther end of Kamloops Lake,
History
Seymour Arm became the location of a bustling boomtown serving travellers to the Big Bend Gold Rush on the Columbia which grew up around a Hudson's Bay Company post founded at the start of the rush in 1865. With a peak population of 5000, Seymour Arm had 13 stores, 11 shoemakers, 8 wash houses, 6 barber shops, 6 physicians, 6 saloons, 5 bakeries, 3 restaurants, 2 blacksmiths, 1 bath-house, 1 drug store, 1 stationery shop, a coffee and doughnut stand, and a livery stable. The town was destroyed by fire in the late 1860s but was revived again by English developers promoting the Seymour Arm Fruits Land Company, and a post office, school and hotel were established in 1910. The hotel closed in 1925 and by 1940 the town was largely abandoned, save for a few remaining settlers.
During and following the Vietnam and Korean Wars circa 1960-70, Seymour Arm drew significant numbers of "draft dodgers" from the United States, known to produce large clandestine outdoor Cannabis plantations in the area and with active smuggling routes to California. Cannabis cultivation continued into modern times with large indoor off-grid diesel-electric "grow-ops" culminating in a famous "bust" in 2004, the largest single Cannabis law enforcement action in Canadian history, involving hundreds of law enforcement officers.
Today the hotel, since reopened with a restaurant and pub, and one of the orchard-era mansions remain, and the locality is a farming and summer-recreational community.
Climate
Seymour Arm has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with warm, sometimes hot summers coupled with cool nights, and cold, rainy winters, though mild by Canadian standards.
See also
List of ghost towns in British Columbia
References
CBC News
Ottawa Mens Centre
Seattle Times
External links
Seymour Arm Hotel website history page
Populated places in the Columbia-Shuswap Regional District
Ghost towns in British Columbia
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Canadian gold rushes
British Columbia gold rushes
Shuswap Country
1865 establishments in Canada
Designated places in British Columbia |
```php
<?php
/*
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* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\CloudVideoIntelligence;
class GoogleCloudVideointelligenceV1p1beta1AnnotateVideoProgress extends \Google\Collection
{
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``` |
Randy Meisner is an American musician and songwriter. It is also the title of two eponymous albums:
Randy Meisner (1978 album)
Randy Meisner (1982 album) |
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (, , Harari: አሕመድ ኢብራሂም አል-ጋዚ; 1506 – 21 February 1543) was a military leader of the Adal Sultanate. Imam Ahmad (commonly named Ahmad Gragn in Amharic, Gurey in Somali, and Gura in Afar, both meaning "the left-handed"), led the conquest of the Ethiopian Empire under the Sultanate of Adal during the Ethiopian-Adal War. He is often referred to as the "King of Zeila" in medieval texts.
Early years
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was born in 1506 and hailed from the lowlands of Hubat in the Adal Sultanate. The ethnicity of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim is disputed, with historians regarding him as either an ethnic Harla/Harari, a Somali or a Balaw. Ahmad spent a great deal of time in the city of Harar. Due to the secular rule of Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, Ahmad would leave Harar and return to Hubat. After the death of Imam Mahfuz, Garad Abun Adashe would become the most popular ruler of Adal, sparking conflict with the ruling Walashma dynasty for seven years. As an elite infantryman of Hubat, Ahmad joined Adashe in his power struggles against the Walashma. It was during this conflict that Ahmad demonstrated his courage, intelligence and military leadership. Garad Abun who was astonished by the military valour of Ahmad, arranged him to get married with the late Mahfuz youngest daughter, Bati del Wambara. The Adal sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad is said to have established his capital at Harar and recruited a large number of Somalis into his army. Together with his Somali allies Abu Bakr defeated and killed Adashe near Zeila in 1525. The remnants of Adashe's forces retreated back to Hubat where their numbers soon rose to over a 100. The Sultan attempted to pursue but Ahmad defeated the Sultan in the field, Abu Bakr was forced to take refuge in Ogaden with the Somali nomads. Ahmad did not follow him. After raising another large body of Somali followers, Abu Bakr met Ahmad for the second time. It was an indecisive clash that only forced the Sultan to retreat back into the Ogaden and Ahmad remained in Hubat as an independent governor of the rebel province.
Upon hearing that a rebel named Ahmad ibn Ibrahim was in a power struggle with the Adal leaders, the Emperor of Ethiopia Dawit II sent his general Degelhan to confront him. The Abyssinian campaign originally seemed successful as large amounts of women and children of Adal were captured by Degelhan including the mother of Ahmad's commander Abubaker Qecchin. Meanwhile, Emir Ahmad had laid a trap in Hubat, splitting his unit into three, he waited for the Abyssinians to enter the region after sacking Harar and ambushed them in the Battle of Hubat. The remaining Abyssinian army who were not killed fled in panic, thus Ahmed's troops won decisively and were able to recover stolen booty. Ahmad's victory not only strengthened his
fighting capacity, but also spread his fame far and wide. The Sultan hearing about this gathered a large force of his Somali followers and besieged his capital at Siege of Hubat. Ahmad was unprepared and in a mountain encampment on Gara Muleta. The sultan besieged Ahmad and his small force for ten days, when he hoped to starve them. However, at this critical moment, the sheikhs of Harar intervened and reconciled the two leaders. Ahmad was forced to recognize the authority of the Adalite state for the first time in his career.
This peace was immediately broken by Abu Bakr, who tried to assassinate Ahmad while he was in Harar, Ahmad fled back to Hubat where he continued to struggle against the Sultan. At about this time a swarm of bees enlightened on Ahmad's head, this incident was considered so miraculous that people gave him the title of Imam. After much war the Imam defeated and killed Abu Bakr who fled to the Ogaden among his Somali supporters. He then returned to Harar where he placed Umar Din on the throne as his puppet. Imam Ahmad would spend the next several months in subjugating the surrounding Somali clans with diplomacy and war. He had hoped to unite all the warring Muslim nomads under his authority which he had done so successfully. The Imam was also able to start stockpiling on firearms such as the matchlock musket, cannons, and the arquebus, which he obtained from Arabia via the port of Zeila. Before carrying out his invasion of Ethiopia, it is said he had access to several cannons as well as several well armed soldiers from Yemen. He invited the Somali chiefs of the area to participate in his jihad (holy war) against Ethiopia. Besides the Somalis, Ahmad had also incorporated into his army other peoples in the area who had been in continuous conflict with the Christian empire ever since the fourteenth century, such as the Harla, the Argobba, the Afar and the Arabs. By about 1527-9, the Imam was at the head of a strong state, with an ever-increasing sphere of influence in the interior of the Horn, and ready to lead the crucial military offensive against the Christian empire.
Invasion of Abyssinia
The chronicle of Imam Ahmad's invasion of Abyssinia is depicted in various Arabic, Abyssinian and other foreign sources. In 1529 Imam Ahmad finally decided to embark on a conquest of Abyssinia, he soon met the Abyssinians at the Battle of Shimbra Kure. The Emperor had apparently expected this confrontation, and had mobilized a large army to defend his realms. The troops were recruited from all over the empire and the list of Christian generals who participated in the battle includes the Bahr-Negash and other officials from Medri Bahri, many district governors from Tigray, Amhara, the Agaw territories, Begemder, Gojjam, Shewa, as well as from the frontier provinces of Ifat, Fatagar, Dawaro, Bali and Damot. Although they differ in the corresponding figures which they give, both Christian and Muslim sources are unanimous about the superiority of the Emperor's army in terms of the numbers of soldiers. Despite the enormous size of the Abyssinians army the Imam was able to inflict a devastating defeat on the Christians and routed them completely, Richard Pankhurst, attribute Imam Ahmad's victory to the presence amongst his followers of matchlockmen. This battle was probably the first time Ethiopian forces had to fight against a force equipped with firearms. He adds that the Abyssinians were unable to endure the “Thunder of the Turkish artillery” and did not know how to cure the wounds which the bullets made.
However, the Imam wasn’t able to take advantage of this victory immediately due to tribal infighting within his army. He was forced to return to Harar to resolve disputes between the different tribes that made up his army. He used this opportunity to build up an army that was loyal to him and not to any specific tribal leaders. Finally in 1531 he reconstructed his forces and was able to begin the definite invasion and occupation of Abyssinia. With the help of his advanced weaponry he was able to inflict another crushing defeat on the Abyssinians during the Battle of Antukyah which allowed the Adalites to occupy Fatagar and Shewa. The Imam then dispatched his Somali brother in law, Garad Matan, to Ifat telling him to struggle against the inhabitants until he had forced them to submit. The Adalites continued to advance northwards securing the province of Bete Amhara by the end of the year. Dawit II fell back behind the Abay River to the relative security of Gojjam. It was here in Amhara that the Adalites came across many churches and palaces built by the Abyssinians. The Imam was stunned by the beauty of these churches and according to Arab Faqih:
The Imam asked all the Arabs who were with him, "Is there the like of this church, with its images and its gold, in Byzantium, or in India, or in any other place?" They replied, "We never saw or heard of its like in Byzantium or India or anywhere in the world."
Nevertheless, he ordered all of the churches built by the Abyssinians to be destroyed, including Mekane Selassie, Atronsa Maryam, Debre Nagwadgwad and Ganata Giyorgis. He soon campaigned against the people of Bali and Dawaro which was governed by Degalhan who had earlier pillaged Adal. They were able to defeat the Abyssinians in the Battle of Amba Sel but this was quite difficult as the Christians were able to inflict serious losses on the soldiers of the Imam because they held the high ground, among the dead was the Imam's right-hand man, Garad Matan. The Adalites attempted to capture Degalhan but he was able to escape through Hadiya. For the next two years the Adalites would secure the southern Abyssinian provinces of Dawaro, Bali, Fatagar, Hadiya and Wej. After the Adalites conquered Damot and subjugated the pagans of Gafat the Imam marched north with his army.
The Imam was passionately interested in converting newly occupied territories as his men were made up of religious zealots. But many of the conversions were forced. While in the Debre Berhan area the Imam learned that the locals had not converted to Islam nor did they offer to pay jizya. He then ordered that anyone who failed to embrace Islam should be brought before him. Among those brought before the Imam were two Christian chiefs, finding them adamant in their faith, he then declared “We have decided to cut your heads off!” To which the Christians replied “Very well”. The Imam was surprised but ordered them to be put to death. The Imam would then call an assembly of his Emirs, chieftains and all the Muslim leaders to state his intention of staying in Abyssinia
Praised be God who has conquered the whole of the land of Abyssinia. Now let us send to the land of Sa'd ad-Din, to bring up our wives and our children. Let us make our homes in Abyssinia. It is no longer possible for us to go back down to our country, or to leave this one.
They would then make plans to invade Tigray where the Emperor now resides. He first went through Angot where he was able to convince the people to convert to Islam. He then laid sieged to the fortress of Amba Geshen, around the same time the Adalites captured the Emperor's niece whom the Imam turned into his concubine. The Imam was able to acquire newly purchased cannons imported from Zeila which helped bring down the fortress. Arab Faqih states that thousands of Christians were captured, the Imam ordered those captured to be beheaded. As the Imam marched into Tigray, his cousin Zaharbui Muhammad was killed in an ambush. The Imam grieved over his death and the next day he set out with his army eager to avenge the death of his cousin. He defeated the armies of Agame and Tembien and marched towards Aksum, but the locals of Tigray had all assembled to defend their holy city. The Imam defeated and killed a large number of them as Arab Faqih states, "Not a single one managed to slip away. They killed them in the forts, in the valleys and in the gorges. The ground was so thickly covered with their corpses, that it was impossible to walk in that place because of the dead bodies." he estimates that over 10,000 Christians were killed. The Imam reached Aksum where upon he destroyed the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion. While in Aksum, a Balaw man informed the Adalites that the Christians had barricaded and hid themselves near the Abba Garima Monastery. When the Iman heard this news he set out to find them, when he found them he ordered them to pay jizya but they refused so he massacred them. Some of his forces crossed the Mareb River and conquered Medri Bahri, the Adalite occupation was resisted bitterly by the locals who killed the Imam's nephew, Vizier 'Addole, and sent his head to the Emperor. The Emperor upon receiving it had drums beaten and flutes played, optimistically declaring that the fortunates of the war were soon turning. The Imam, enraged at the death of his nephew, marched into Seraye and massacred the locals.
Dawit II had fled to Dembiya with his remaining followers, who were suffering from hunger and exhaustion. The Imam pursued the Abyssinians until they crossed the Blue Nile. After this Imam returned to Tigray where he discovered the region was undergoing a severe famine that took a huge toll on the Adalite army. The conditions were so dire that many Muslims in Ahmad's army converted to Christianity, realizing the impossibility of his position the Imam soon withdrew to the more fertile province of Begmeder. Upon arriving in Begmeder, the Imam pacified the people of Siemen and Dembiya. The Beta Israel assisted the Adalites in subduing the Christians and the establishments on the islands of Lake Tana were looted and destroyed. In 1536 the Adalites invaded Gojjam, to the south of Lake Tana, and massacred the people there. The next year the Imam went to Dawaro and stayed there for eight months, and then went on to Angot. The Emperor was forced to live as an outlaw in his own realm constantly hounded by Imam Ahmed's soldiers the Malassay, Dawit then dispatched João Bermudes, who had arrived in Ethiopia with Dom Rodrigo de Lima, to reach out to the King of Portugal for military aid. The King of Portugal would eventually send ships with 400 Portuguese musketeers, but when they arrived in 1541, Dawit II was dead and his son Gelawdewos had succeeded him.
The Portuguese led by Cristóvão da Gama had arrived in Massawa where Bahr Negus Yeshaq was still holding out. They were soon met by the Queen Mother Seble Wongel and her followers. Reinforced by her local auxiliaries, together they advanced into Tigray where they defeated a local Adal garrison during the Battle of Baçente. The Imam then sent a messenger to Gama demanding that the Portuguese force either leave Ethiopia, join the Imam, or be destroyed. On the Imam's orders, the messenger produced the gift of a monk's habit, an expensive insult to Gama. Gama responded with his own messenger, who delivered "a few lines in Arabic", stating that he had come to Ethiopia "by order of the great Lion of the Sea" and on the "following day he [Ahmad] would see what the Portuguese were worth", and delivered Gama's own insulting gift: a pair of "small tweezers for the eyebrows, and a very large mirror – making him out [to be] a woman." The first encounter took place during the Battle of Jarte, da Gama formed his troops into an infantry square and marched against the Imam's lines, repelling successive waves of Adalite attacks with musket and cannon. This battle ended when Imam Ahmad was wounded in the leg by a chance shot; seeing his banners signal retreat, the Portuguese and their Abyssinian allies fell upon them, inflicting immense losses on the Adalites. Over the next several days, Imam Ahmad's forces were reinforced by arrivals of fresh troops. Understanding the need to act swiftly, da Gama on April 16 again formed a square which he led against Imam Ahmad's camp. Castanhoso laments that "the victory would have been complete this day had we only one hundred horses to finish it, for the King was carried on men's shoulders in a bed, accompanied by horsemen, and they fled in no order." Da Gama marched southward after Imam Ahmad's force, coming within sight of him ten days later. However, the onset of the rainy season prevented da Gama from engaging Ahmad. On the advice of Queen Seble Wongel, da Gama made winter camp at Wofla near Lake Ashenge, still within sight of his opponent. Ahmad was forced to retreat further south, where with fortune against him, the local population now openly defied him by refusing to provide him supplies or soldiers. J. Spencer Trimingham identifies the Imam's refuge near a village named Kobo overlooking the Afar Depression.
The Imam successfully petitioned to the Turkish governor of Yemen Eyalet in Zabid, offering "much money" and submission to the official, he received over 2,000 musketeers from Arabia, and artillery and 900 picked men from the Ottomans to assist him. Meanwhile, due to casualties and other duties, da Gama's force was reduced to 300 musketeers. After the rains ended, Imam Ahmad attacked the Portuguese camp at Wolfa and through weight of numbers killed all but 140 of da Gama's troops. Da Gama himself, badly wounded, was captured with ten of his men and, after refusing an offer to spare his life if he would convert to Islam, was tortured and executed.
The Imam was certain that the surviving Portuguese were scattered, without their firearms, and alone in a foreign land, he concluded that this threat was ended, dismissed all but two hundred of the foreign musketeers, and proceeded to his camp at Derasge on the shores of Lake Tana. However, the Portuguese had regrouped and joined Queen Seble Wongel, who had taken refuge at the "Mountain of the Jews", which Whiteway identifies as Amba Sel. Ten days later her son, Emperor Gelawdewos had arrived. Castanhoso states that after the Emperor Gelawdewos had joined the survivors, and seeing the number of men who flocked to the Emperor's standard, at Christmas "we went to the Preste, and begged him to help us avenge the death of Dom Christovão." Gelawdewos agreed to march against the Imam. The Portuguese firearms which had been stored at Debre Damo were produced. The allied forces spent the following months arming their troops before heading to Imam Ahmad's camp next to Lake Tana. On 13 February 1543, they defeated a group of cavalry and infantry led by the Imam's lieutenant Sayid Mehmed in Wogera, killing Sayid Mehmed. From the prisoners it was learned that the Imam was camped only 5 days' march away at Deresgue, and flush with victory the army marched to confront their enemy. The Imam and his men were apparently stunned that the Portuguese had managed to reassemble and were looking for battle, according to Castanhoso this demoralized the Adalites and put fear into their hearts as "they understood well that we had only come to avenge the past".
The Abyssinians and Portuguese met Ahmad on 21 February 1543 in the Battle of Wayna Daga. The Imam had an army of over 15,000 soldiers including 200 Turkish musketeers, where as the Abyssinians and Portuguese had a combined force of around 8,000 men. The Abyssinians charged but the Adalites counterattacked and seemed to be pushing back the initial assault. The Abyssinian cavalry then threw themselves vigorously into the Adal lines which pushed the Adalites back. The Imam seeing his men lose ground moved up to encourage them, it was here that the Imam was killed while attempting to rally his men, although the sources differ in how he died.
Upon seeing the death of the Imam, his followers had begun to flee from the battlefield. What followed was a devastating rout as the Abyssinians pursued the fleeing Adalites and cut them down as they ran.
The Imam's wife Bati del Wambara managed to escape the battlefield with the remnants of the army and retreated back to Harar, abandoning the occupation of Abyssinia. The corpse of the Imam was beheaded and Gelawdewos ordered his head to be set on a spear, and carried around in all of Abyssinia, so that the people know that the conqueror who had wrought them such evils was indeed dead. The Abyssinians then set up great festivals across the country celebrating the death of the Imam, as Castanhoso narrates "We remained in great pleasure, seeing each day the Abyssinians delighting in that victory, and in the liberty in which they found themselves."
Legacy
Imam Ahmad’s invasion was arguably the single most important chapter in Ethiopia's long history. The destruction of cultural assets and national pride was immense. As Paul B. Henze writes, "In Ethiopia the damage which Ahmad Gragn did has never been forgotten. Every Christian highlander still hears tales of Gragn in his childhood." Haile Selassie referred to him in his memoirs, "I have often had villagers in northern Ethiopia point out sites of towns, forts, churches and monasteries destroyed by Gragn as if these catastrophes had occurred only yesterday."
According to Enrico Cerulli, Adal would never recover from the death of Imam Ahmad as the Sultanate of Adal was too newly established to transcend tribal differences. His successors were unable to exert their authority over the nomadic Muslim tribes and the Adalite state became mostly centered around the city of Harar. The result he claims was that the nomadic people instinctively return to their "eternal disintegrating struggles" of people against people and tribe against tribe. By 1577 the Adal Sultanate would eventually disintegrate due to tribal infighting and pressure from the Oromo migrations.
Further reading
Ahmad's invasion of Abyssinia is described in detail in the Futuh al-habaša ("The Conquest of Ethiopia"), written in Arabic by Ahmad's follower Sihab ad-Din Admad ibn 'Abd-al-Qadir, in its current version incomplete, covering the story only to 1537, narrating the Imam's raids on the islands of Lake Tana. Richard Burton the explorer claimed that the second part could be found "in Mocha or Hudaydah"; but, despite later investigation, no one else has reported seeing a copy of this second part. The surviving first part was translated into French by René Basset and published from 1897 to 1901. Richard Pankhurst made a partial translation into English as part of his The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles (Addis Ababa: Oxford University Press, 1967), and a complete translation of the Futuh al-habaša by Paul Lester Stenhouse was published by Tsehai in 2003 ().
(collection of primary sources on the Portuguese expedition in English translation)
See also
Imam Ahmed Stadium
Adal Sultanate
History of Medieval Somalia
History of Ethiopia
References
External links
The Ethiopian Muslim and Christian War (1528-1560)
Somalia: From The Dawn of Civilization To The Modern Times: Chapter 8: Somali Hero - Ahmad Gurey (1506-43)
Somali monarchs
1500s births
1543 deaths
Somalian military leaders
Somalian imams
People from the Adal Sultanate
16th-century Somalian people |
```java
/*
* code is released under a tri EPL/GPL/LGPL license. You can use it,
* redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the:
*
*/
package org.truffleruby.builtins;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.GenerateInline;
import org.truffleruby.annotations.Primitive;
import org.truffleruby.language.RubyNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.NodeChild;
@NodeChild(value = "argumentNodes", type = RubyNode[].class)
@GenerateInline(value = false, inherit = true)
public abstract class PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode extends PrimitiveNode {
public abstract RubyNode[] getArgumentNodes();
@Override
public RubyNode cloneUninitialized() {
String primitiveName = getClass().getSuperclass().getAnnotation(Primitive.class).name();
var factory = getLanguage().primitiveManager.getPrimitive(primitiveName).getFactory();
RubyNode[] copiedArguments = cloneUninitialized(getArgumentNodes());
var copy = (PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode) CoreMethodNodeManager.createNodeFromFactory(factory, copiedArguments);
return copy.copyFlags(this);
}
}
``` |
The Regimental Military Intelligence Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment is a combat support unit of the United States Army's 75th Ranger Regiment, providing intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, cyber, and electronic warfare capabilities. The battalion consists of three primary elements based at Fort Moore (formerly Fort Benning), Georgia; a headquarters company, a military intelligence company, and a cyber/electromagnetic activities company.
The battalion was formed as a provisional unit 22 May 2017, and became a permanent part of the Regiment 16 June 2020.
History
The battalion’s mission is to recruit, train, develop, and employ highly trained and specialized Rangers to conduct full spectrum intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, cyber, and electronic warfare operations in order to enhance the Regimental Commander’s situational awareness and inform his decision-making process. Presently, the RMIB consists of a headquarters detachment and two companies.
The staff and command group are embedded within the Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment. It leads the Regiment’s recruitment and management of intelligence Rangers, synchronizes intelligence training and operations across the Regiment and with other special operations and conventional forces, and also provides intelligence support to the Regimental staff.
The Military Intelligence Company possesses a diverse mix of capabilities which include all-source analysts, geospatial analysts, human intelligence collectors, counterintelligence agents, and unmanned aerial systems. This enables the company to conduct multi-discipline collection and production, expeditionary imagery collection and processing, exploitation, and dissemination of raw data, and all-source analysis, to further enable the Regiment’s training and operations.
The Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Company integrates and synchronizes cyber, electronic warfare, signals intelligence, and technical surveillance in support of the Regimental Commander’s objectives. The CEMA Company represents a new approach in line with the Army’s intent of fielding a modernized force capable of operations on any front. The multi-domain concept provides a non-linear approach where all events can occur across the environment at any time. CEMA places emphasis on innovation, technological advancement and electronic pursuit to support real time operations against any threat, digital or otherwise.
Organization
Military Intelligence Company
The Military Intelligence Company possesses a diverse mix of capabilities which include all-source analysts, geospatial analysts, human intelligence collectors, counterintelligence agents, and unmanned aerial systems. This enables the company to conduct multi-discipline collection and production, expeditionary imagery collection and ‘PED’ (processing, exploitation, and dissemination) of raw data, and all-source analysis, to further enable the Regiment’s training and operations.
Cyber Electromagnetic Activities Company
The Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) Company integrates and synchronizes cyber, electronic warfare, signals intelligence (SIGINT), and technical surveillance in support of the Regimental Commander’s objectives. The CEMA Company represents a new approach in line with the Army’s intent of fielding a modernized force capable of operations on any front. The multi-domain concept provides a non-linear approach where all events can occur across the environment at any time. CEMA places emphasis on innovation, technological advancement, and electronic pursuit to support real time operations against any threat, digital or otherwise.
List of commanders
References
Military Intelligence battalions of the United States Army
Units and formations of the United States in the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Military units and formations established in 2017
Military units and formations in Georgia (U.S. state)
Organizations based in Georgia (U.S. state) |
The 2009 NAB Cup is the Australian Football League pre-season competition that was played before the Australian Football League's 2009 Premiership season begins. It culminated with the final on 13 March 2009 played between Geelong and Collingwood, which was won by Geelong. The final was originally scheduled for 14 March 2009 but was moved by the AFL so that the match did not clash with the Sound Relief benefit concert for the Victorian bushfires.
Games
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Grand Final
Summary of results
NAB Challenge
See also
2009 AFL season
Notes
Australian Football League pre-season competition
NAB Cup
NAB Cup |
Charles Cross may refer to:
Charles Cross (American football) (born 2000), American football player
Charles Cross (Australian politician) (1891–1955), Australian politician
Charles Cross (diver) (1887–1963), British Olympic diver
Charles Cross (footballer) (1900–?), for Crystal Palace and Coventry City
Charles Frederick Cross (1855–1935), British chemist
Charles R. Cross, American journalist
Charles T. Cross (1922–2008), American diplomat and ambassador
Charles Whitman Cross (1854–1949), American geologist
Charles Wilson Cross (1872–1928), Canadian politician
Charles Allen Lechmere (1849–1920), Jack the Ripper suspect, also known as Charles Allen Cross |
The year 2011 was the 40th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the third year of the second term of the Government of Sheikh Hasina.
Incumbents
President: Zillur Rahman
Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina
Chief Justice: A.B.M. Khairul Haque (until 15 May 2011), Md. Muzammel Hossain (from 16 May 2011).
Demography
Climate
Economy
Note: For the year 2011 average official exchange rate for BDT was 74.15 per US$.
Events
7 January – Widespread outrage at the killing of Felani Khatun a 15-year-old Bangladeshi girl, who was shot and killed by India's Border Security Force (BSF), at India-Bangladesh border.
17 February – Bangladesh co-hosted the ICC Cricket World Cup with India and Sri Lanka. The Opening Ceremony of the event was held in the venue Bangabandhu National Stadium in Dhaka.
11 July – At least 40 people, including 38 students, were killed when a pick-up truck carrying them veered off the road and plunged into a roadside ditch at Mayani area of Mirsharai Upazila.
13 August – Acclaimed film director Tareque Masud and his long-time co-worker Mishuk Munier, a cinematographer, a journalist and CEO of ATN News died in a road accident on the Dhaka-Aricha highway at Joka under Ghior Upazila while returning to Dhaka from Manikganj after visiting a shooting location.
5 September – India and Bangladesh sign a pact to end their 40-year border demarcation dispute.
16 October – Small share market investors went on a fast-unto-death after forming the Bangladesh Capital Market Investors' Council in response to the bear run in the share market since end of 2010. Opposition politicians declared their solidarity with the protesters.
22 October – The market stabilisation fund (MSF), worth BDT 50 billion ($ 667 million), was conceived by the Bangladesh Association of Banks (BAB) as a method to increase liquidity in the market and increase share prices, in response to share market scam.
December: A planned coup to establish Islamic law in Bangladesh was stopped by the Bangladesh Army. A number of officers including retired ones were arrested.
Awards and Recognitions
Independence Day Award
Bangladesh Freedom Honour
The highest state award given by the government of Bangladesh for foreigners or non-nationals was posthumously conferred on former Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi on 25 July 2011. The award recognises her role as an ally during the Bangladeshi war of independence and her capacity to manage such a complex regional war. A Bangladeshi national committee had nominated her for the special honour for her "unique" role in "offering training to freedom fighters and refuge to millions of people who fled the country and building world opinion for Bangladesh's independence". Indian National Congress Party president Sonia Gandhi, the daughter -in-law of Indira Gandhi, received the award from Bangladeshi President Zillur Rahman at a grand ceremony in Dhaka attended by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and nearly 1,000 top dignitaries.
Ekushey Padak
Mosharef Uddin Ahmed, Language Movement (posthumous)
Shawkat Ali, Language Movement (posthumous)
Nurjahan Begum, journalism
Jyotsna Biswas, performing arts
Abdul Haq Choudhury, research (posthumous)
Abdul Haq, language and literature
Amanul Haque, Language Movement
Md Abul Hashem, social service
Mohammed Delwar Hossain, social service
Shaheed Quaderi, language and literature
Ustad Akthar Sadmani, performing arts (posthumous)
Abdul Karim Shah, performing arts
Polan Sarkar, social service
Sports
Football:
Bangladesh competed in the Group A of 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification held in Myanmar in March. Although Bangladesh secured a surprise victory over the hosts, they lost to Palestine and Philippines to exit the tournament without qualifying.
In August, the youth team competed in the 2011 SAFF U-16 Championship held in Nepal. Bangladesh secured fourth position in the tournament.
In November the national team competed in the 2011 SAFF Championship held in New Delhi, India. Bangladesh could not secure any victory in the tournament.
Sheikh Jamal Dhanmondi Club secured their first title of Premier League.
Cricket:
Bangladesh co-hosted with India and Sri Lanka the 2011 Cricket World Cup from February to April 2011. Bangladesh did not fare well and failed in qualifying for quarter-finals stage. Other than victories against Associate members, their only notable victory was against England.
The Australian cricket team toured Bangladesh between 7 and 13 April. The tour consisted of three One Day Internationals (ODIs). Australia won all the matches in the tour
The Bangladesh cricket team toured Zimbabwe from 4 to 21 August. The tour consisted of one Test match and five One Day Internationals (ODIs) played against the Zimbabwean national team and one first-class match played against a Zimbabwean representative team. The Test match was Zimbabwe's first since India toured Zimbabwe in 2005. Zimbabwe won the Test match by 130 runs and also won the one-day series 3–2.
The West Indies toured Bangladesh in October 2011 and playing two Test matches, the West Indies winning the second, the first being a drawn game. West Indies played three limited overs internationals, winning the series 2–1. Bangladesh won a T20I by 3 wickets.
Pakistan toured from 29 November to 21 December 2011, playing one Twenty20 International (T20I), three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and two Test matches, Pakistan winning all matches.
Deaths
16 March – Khandaker Delwar Hossain, politician (b. 1933)
3 May – Ila Majumder, singer (b. 1941)
6 May – Kazi Nuruzzaman, war hero (b. 1925)
23 May – Pilu Momtaz, singer (b. 1953)
7 June – Mohammad Kibria, artist (b. 1929)
21 June – Kazi Zaker Husain, zoologist (b. 1930s)
13 August – Tareque Masud, film director (b. 1956)
13 August – Mishuk Munier, broadcast journalist (b. 1959)
10 October – Shah Muhammad Hasanuzzaman, agriculturist (b. 1920)
19 October – Munshi Siddique Ahmad, scientist (b. 1924)
7 November – Aminul Islam, artist (b. 1931)
13 November – Imdad Hossain, artist (b. 1926)
13 December – Kabir Chowdhury, educationist, author (b. 1923)
28 December – Razia Khan, poet (b. 1936)
30 December – Muhammad Hamidullah Khan, war hero (b. 1938)
See also
2010s in Bangladesh
List of Bangladeshi films of 2011
2011–12 Bangladeshi cricket season
Timeline of Bangladeshi history
References |
Briseida Torres Reyes is a Puerto Rican lawyer and government official serving as the Secretary of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico. She was previously a judicial official of associate justice Luis Estrella Martínez.
Education
Briseida Torres Reyes completed a Bachelor of Business Administration at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus. She completed a J.D. at the University of Puerto Rico School of Law.
Career
Torres Reyes was an associate lawyer in a labor division at the law firm, O'Neill & Borges. She was a judicial official of the associate justice, Luis Estrella Martínez.
On May 20, 2019, Torres Reyes was appointed Secretary of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico by Governor Ricardo Rosselló, succeeding incumbent secretary, Carlos Saavedra Gutiérrez.
On June 9, 2020, she announced her resignation as Secretary of Labor and Human Resources effective on June 15, 2020. She was succeeded by Carlos Rivera Santiago.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Secretaries of Labor and Human Resources of Puerto Rico
21st-century Puerto Rican lawyers
Women government officials
University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus alumni
21st-century Puerto Rican women lawyers
21st-century American women lawyers
21st-century American lawyers |
Francis Russell (January 12, 1910 in Boston, Massachusetts – March 20, 1989 in Falmouth, Massachusetts) was an American author specializing in American history and historical figures. Russell is best known for his book on Warren G. Harding, The Shadow of Blooming Grove. He graduated from Bowdoin College, and from Harvard University, with a master's degree in 1937.
He served in the Canadian Army from 1941 to 1946.
He married Rosalind Lawson. He had a daughter from a previous marriage.
His papers are kept at Bowdoin College.
Russell became embroiled in a lawsuit with some of the heirs of Warren Harding around the publication of his 1968 biography of the former president. Alleging that they had been embarrassed by the previous publication of some of the love letters of Harding, the heirs sued and won a judgement preventing the publication of the letters by Russell.
His work on the Sacco-Vanzetti case, the award-winning Tragedy in Dedham: The Story of the Sacco-Vanzetti Case (1962), continued with the 1986 publication of Sacco & Vanzetti: The Case Resolved. In it, he claimed to solve the case, proposing that only Nicola Sacco was guilty and Bartholomew Vanzetti was innocent.
Awards
1963 Edgar Award for Best Fact Crime book, for Tragedy In Dedham : The Story of the Sacco-Vanzetti Case
1964 Guggenheim Fellowship
Works
Tragedy In Dedham : The Story of the Sacco-Vanzetti Case, McGraw-Hill, 1962
Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill (with the Editors of American Heritage) (1963)
The Great Interlude (1964)
The Shadow of Blooming Grove (published in the UK as President Harding: His Life and Times 1866-1923) (1968)
The Horizon Concise History of Germany (1973)
Adams: An American Dynasty, American Heritage Pub. Co., 1976, ; reprint Castle Books, 2005,
A City in Terror: 1919, the Boston Police Strike, Viking Press, 1975, ; reprint, Beacon Press, 2005,
The President Makers: From Mark Hanna to Joseph P. Kennedy (1976)
Sacco & Vanzetti: The Case Resolved (1986)
The Knave of Boston & Other Ambiguous Massachusetts Characters (1987)
References
External links
President Makers from Mark Hanna to Joseph Patrick Kennedy Manuscript at Dartmouth College Library
1910 births
1989 deaths
Warren G. Harding
Bowdoin College alumni
Edgar Award winners
Harvard University alumni
Canadian military personnel of World War II
20th-century American writers |
The 2013 Tour de France was the 100th edition of the race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on the island of Corsica on 30 June and finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 21 July. The Tour consisted of twenty-one race stages and covered a total distance of .
Twenty-two teams participated in the 2013 edition of the Tour de France. All of the nineteen UCI ProTeams were entitled, and obliged, to enter the race. On 27 April 2013, the organiser of the Tour, Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), announced the three second-tier UCI Professional Continental teams given wildcard invitations, all of which were French-based. The presentation of the teams took place at the harbour of Porto-Vecchio on 28 June, two days before the start of opening stage held in the town. Each team arrived by boat to the stage, before being introduced to the crowd.
Each squad was allowed a maximum of nine riders, therefore the start list contained a total of 198 riders. Of these, 54 were riding the Tour de France for the first time. From the riders that began this edition, 169 completed the race. The average age of all the riders was 29.45, with 19-year-old Danny van Poppel () the youngest rider and 41-year-old Jens Voigt () the oldest. Of the total average ages, was the youngest team and the oldest. The riders came from 34 countries; France, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Australia, Belgium and Germany all had 10 or more riders in the race. Riders from ten countries won at least one stage; German riders won the largest number of stages, a total of six.
Marcel Kittel () was the first rider to wear the general classification's yellow jersey after winning stage one. He lost it after the next stage to Jan Bakelants of , who managed to obtain a one-second lead from a late solo attack. Simon Gerrans gained the race lead after his team, , won the stage four team time trial. Gerrans passed the lead on to teammate Daryl Impey after the fifth stage. Chris Froome of took the lead from Impey after the eighth stage, the first classified as mountainous. Froome maintained his lead for the remainder of the race by consolidating his lead through solid performances in the individual time trials and in the high mountains. Second and third respectively were Nairo Quintana () and Joaquim Rodríguez (). In the race's other classifications, Quintana won the mountains classification and also finished as the best young rider in the general classification, finishing in second place overall; Peter Sagan of the team was the winner of the points classification, with finishing as the winners of the team classification. Christophe Riblon was given the award for the most combative rider.
Teams
ProTeams
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
Professional Continental teams
(riders)
(riders)
(riders)
Cyclists
By starting number
By team
By nationality
References
Sources
External links
2013 Tour de France
2013 |
The men's trampoline competition of the trampoline events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held between October 17–18 at the Nissan Gymnastics Stadium. The draw for the competition took place on August 1, 2011 in Guadalajara. The defending Pan American Games champion was Chris Estrada of the United States.
Schedule
All times are Central Standard Time (UTC-6).
Results
Qualification
Final
References
Gymnastics at the 2011 Pan American Games |
Hans-Jörg Holubitschka (born 29 July 1960 in Seltzer, Westerwald - 16 December 2016 Düsseldorf) was a German painter. He studied at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. Holubitschka lived and worked in Düsseldorf. At the Ruhrakademie in Schwerte he taught the subject painting.
Life
After leaving school, Hans-Jörg Holubitschka went on the recommendation of his former art teacher at the high school to Düsseldorf to study from 1980 to 1988 at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf in the class of Gerhard Richter. There he met other students, for example his fellow painter Thomas Bernstein. Other later fellow artists with whom he already be friends during the Academy times, as Stefan Demary, Heinz Hausmann, Bernard Lokai and more accompanied him on his other artistic projects.
Work
After finishing his studies, Hans-Jörg Holubitschka devoted to the landscape painting. His favorite subjects are landscapes views among others in southern France, Italy, England with Scotland, Ireland, Spain, landscapes in Germany including his native Westerwald, but also the Swiss Alps and the Bavarian Alps. The "Urban Landscapes" and cityscapes, he has painted, include the following cities: Düsseldorf, Rio de Janeiro, London, Paris, Orvieto, Mallorca, Rome and Venice. Since the year 2012, he also dealt with the theme of cultural landscape. For this purpose, it is one of the artificially designed landscapes, such as golf course landscapes. He has implemented picturesque new visual landscapes of the following places: The Fifteens (Düsseldorf Golf Club), The Seventh (Hubbelrath Golf Club), Princeville Hawaii, St Andrews Scotland, Oubaai (South Africa) and Les Dunes United States.
Hans-Jörg Holubitschka did not paint the representational quality of a landscape. The landscape was the medium for him to give the viewer a familiar motif access to its "soul pictures". He made use of color and its composition possibilities as an instrument to mental states to express. His images reflect in their color effects and excesses of the painter of the American Color Field painting like Mark Rothko, Barnet Newman or Clyfford Still. While these painters moved in perfect abstract space, it took Hans-Jörg Holubutischka, figurative elements of the landscape into abstract color fields to convert.
Exhibitions
1990 Gallery Tabea Langenkamp, Duesseldorf
1995 Municipal Museum Haus Koekkoek, Kleve
1995 Gallery Schoettle, Munich
1996 Galerie Johnen & Schoettle, Cologne
1996 "Pintura", Castello di Rivara, Turin, Italy
1996 En Helvetes förvandling Engelsk-fran NRW, Stockholm, Sweden
1997 A different view, Andrew Mummery Gallery, London, Great Britain
1998 New German Painters, Martin Leyer-Pritzkow Exhibitions, Decoplage, Miami, United States of America
1998 Due Dimensioni, Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia, Venice, Italy
1999 Andrew Mummery Gallery, London, Great britain
2000 Informal landscapes - scenic Informal, Martin Leyer-Pritzkow Ausstellungen, Duesseldorf, Germany
2000 Due Dimensioni, pescheria Nuevo, Rovigo, Italy
2001 Young Figuratives, including Armin Baumgarten, Peter Lindenberg, Olibver Loachau, Bernard Lokai, Stefan Müller, Katrin Roeber, Ketterer Kunst in Carolinen Palais, Munich, Germany.
2002 Artax art trade - Ralph Kleinsimlinghaus, Düsseldorf, Germany
2002 Young Figuratives, including Armin Baumgarten, Peter Lindenberg, Olibver Loachau, Bernard Lokai, Stefan Müller, Katrin Roeber, Mönchehaus - Museum of Modern Art, Goslar, Germany
2002 Dispute of the painters, with Armin Baumgarten, Hans-Jörg Holubitschka, Bernard Lokai, Peter Lindenberg, Stefan Müller, Katrin Roeber, Martin Leyer-Pritzkow Ausstellungen, Düsseldorf, Germany
2003 visions of landscape, gallery Schmalfuß, Marburg, Germany
2003 new positions painting gallery Wittenbrink, Munich, Germany
2004 Kunstverein Arnsberg, Arnsberg, Germany
2004 Kunstverein Ulm, Jost Münster, Germany
2005 Gallery CP, Wiesbaden, Germany
2008 Gallery Wittenbrink, Munich; Germany
2009 Gallery CP, Wiesbaden, Germany
2010 "carom"; Gallery Fellner of Feldegg, Krefeld, Germany
2012 New landscapes, Düsseldorf Golf Club, Düsseldorf, Germany
2013 Gallery of Fellnegg Fellner, with Bernard Lokai, Krefeld, Germany
2014 "4 auf 8" with Armin Baumgarten, Bernard Lokai and Katrin Roeber, Martin Leyer-Pritzkow Ausstellungen, Düsseldorf
2014 "Forbidden Colours", Martin Leyer-Pritzkow Aussstellungen, Düsseldorf
2014 Hans-Jörg Holubitschka, Gallery Wittenbrink, Munich
2016 "Olympic Landscapes", Martin Leyer-Pritzkow, Düsseldorf
Literature
(Ed.) Martin Leyer-Pritzkow: Junge Figurative (Young Figuratives) : Robert Ketterer [prolog], with contribution of Martin Leyer-Pritzkow, Christoph Zuschlag, Düsseldorf, 50 with artists: Woytek Berowski; Hans-Jörg Holubitschka; Peter Lindenberg; Oliver Lochau; Bernard Lokai; Stefan Müller; Benjamin Nachtwey; Katrin Roeber, in English and German language, 2001,
Das Kunstkaufbuch (the Art Purchase Book.): für Sammler und solche, die es werden wollen, (for collectors and others want to be), authors: Martin Leyer-Pritzkow, Klaus Sebastian. Artists: Thomas Schütte; Santiaogo Sierra; Horst Wackerbarth; Paola Pivi; Hans-Jörg Holubitschka; Musa, Hassan; ...- München; u.a. : Prestel., 63 p.: numerous coloured images,
Hans-Jörg Holubitschka : die Farben von Urbino ; Landschaften 1992-2007 ; (The colours of Urbino - Landscapes 1992-2007 ) with contribution of , Peter Stüber, Walter Feilchenfeldt, ,....Wädenswil : Nimbus Kunst und Bücher. - 103 p. Coloured images, 2008,
References
1992 "The near and the distant," Heinz-Norbert Jocks, Cologne sketches, Issue 2
1993 "Fond of landscapes," Heinz-Norbert Jocks, Düsseldorf booklets 10
1993 'gallery Tabea Langenkamp, "Heinz-Norbert Jocks, Art Forum" Vol 124
1994 'cycle of growth and decay, "ART 5"
1994 "Becoming and Decaying in nature," Michael Tesch, Solinger Morgenpost, Issue 18 June 1994
1994 'turbulent nature rules, "Klaus Sebastian, Rheinische Post", 1 April 1994
1995 "Beyond the city or Essay on Landscape Painting", Heinz-Norbert Jocks, Art Forum Vol 130/1995, pp. 225
1997 "A different view", Time Out, London, Vol 3
1997 "The sky above the cities," Heinz-Norbert Jocks, Art Forum Vol 137
2000 "In the wake of the painted landscape," Bertram Müller, Rheinische Post 7 November 2000
2002 "Wonderful Worlds ..." Klaus Sebastian, Rheinische Post, 8 November 2002
2004 "object painting", Ralf Heese, New Ulm newspaper, 19 June 2004
2004 "The eyes do not dare," Petra Kollros, Südwestpresse 16 June 2004
2004 "key motive Matterhorn: Hans-Jörg Holubitschka" Dorothee Baer-archers, Art Newspaper No. 96, 8/2004
2005 "flirtation with kitsch motifs", Wiesbaden Kurier, 3/2005
2005 "The colors of Urbino," Nimbus. Art and Books AG, Zurich, Switzerland
2004 Wellness on shaky hill, in the studio of the Düsseldorf artist, Interview by Ulrike Knöfel, Der Spiegel, 51/2004
2005 (Das Kunstkaufbuch) The Art Purchase Book, pp. 48 ff, Prestel-Verlag
2012 Hans-Jörg Holubitschka, judges, students and its golf landscapes, Uschi Beer, Golf in the Lower Rhine, Issue 2/2012
2012 The art of good financial investment, Katrin Gotthold and Daniel Eckert, in Die Welt, Issue 11 November 2012
External links
Literature from and about Hans-Jörg Holubitschka in the German National Library
Literature from and about Hans-Jörg Holubitschka in the online-library of the art collection of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Art works from Hans-Jörg Holubitschka at Martin Leyer-Pritzkow
Video
Interview from Martin Leyer-Pritzkow with Hans-Jörg Holubitschka in his art studio, autumn 2014 (German language)
1960 births
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
German male painters
21st-century German painters
21st-century German male artists
Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni
Artists from Düsseldorf
2016 deaths |
Richard Heinrich Karl von Conta was a German General der Infanterie during World War I. He was notable for his participation in the Battle of Belleau Wood.
Biography
Early Years
He was the son of the later Prussian major general Richard von Conta and his wife Coelestine Adelheid, born von Kahlden (1832-1893). His younger brother Alfred (1858–1927) also embarked on a military career and made it up to lieutenant general.
Military career
Coming from the cadet corps, Conta joined the of the Imperial German Army on July 23, 1874 as a characterized ensign. He was promoted to second lieutenant on October 12, 1875 and served as adjutant of the 2nd Battalion in Münster from mid-August 1878 to early June 1885. As a prime lieutenant, he then worked in the 3rd Company and was transferred to the brigade staff of the 37th Infantry Brigade as an adjutant on March 22, 1889. There he was promoted to captain on January 27, 1891. Conta then was in command of the 5th Company of the 95th (6th Thuringian) Infantry Regiment in Hildburghausen from February 14, 1891 to March 21, 1897 and later served the 2nd Company in Gotha. Afterwards he became an adjutant at the of the XVII. Army Corps. On January 27, 1898, Conta was simultaneously promoted to Major in the 98th (Metz) Infantry Regiment. Conta eventually returned to line service with an appointment as commander of the 1st Battalion of the 5th Guards Grenadiers. On January 27, 1905, now as Lieutenant Colonel, he was transferred to the at Giessen. Promoted to colonel on April 14, 1907, Conta led the from May 21, 1907 to March 19, 1911. He was then appointed commander of the 18th Infantry Brigade while being promoted to major general. Conta gave up this command on December 31, 1913 and became lieutenant general and commander of the prestigious 1st Division in Königsberg.
Conta led his division as part of the I Corps and the 8th Army on the Eastern Front when World War I broke out. In August he distinguished himself under General Hermann von François in the Battle of Tannenberg, specifically in the and in September 1914 in the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes. Between November 25 and 29, his division fought near Łódź and advanced towards Łowicz-Sanniki at the beginning of December 1914. At the turn of the year 1915 his division was in position in the Bolimow area on the Rawka-Bzura. In January 1915, Conta's division relocated to the Carpathian Front and served the South Army as a subordinate to General Alexander von Linsingen. On March 23, 1915, Conta's division was subordinated to the , and together with the 3rd Guards Infantry Division, they stormed the Zwinin on April 9. At the end of June 1915 his troops crossed the Dniester, in mid-July he fought near Hrubieszow and at the beginning of August his division reached Chelm. For his achievements, Conta received the Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords on May 14, 1915.
At the beginning of March 1916, the 1st Division was transferred to the Western Front and fought in the Battle of Verdun. On August 7, 1916, Conta became the commanding general of the IV Reserve Corps, back in the east. For the achievements of his troops in the defense of the Brusilov Offensive, Conta was awarded the order Pour le Mérite on October 15, 1916. In the spring of 1918, the IV Reserve Corps moved to the Western Front, initially stood in the salient of St. Mihiel and then became part of the 18th Army, commanded by General Oskar von Hutier, for Operation Michael. For the success of his corps, Conta was awarded the Oak Leaves for the Order Pour le Mérite on March 26, 1918. During the Third Battle of the Aisne, the IV. Reserve Corps was added to the 7th Army. In June 1918, Conta's corps faced fresh United States Marine Corps units as they marched to the Marne during the Battle of Belleau Wood. At the end of July, due to strong counter-attacks by the French, the evacuation of the Marne position became necessary and his troops were brought back to their old starting area. In August 1918 he was awarded the Order of the Crown, 1st Class with Swords on the Ring; and was promoted to General of the Infantry.
After the end of the war, Conta led his troops back home. After the demobilization of his General Command he tendered his resignation and was retired from military service on January 6, 1919.
Family
Conta had married Katharine von Hennig (1861-1909) on May 31, 1882 in Thorn. The following children were born from the marriage:
Horst (* 1883), Prussian captain
Mathilde (* 1885), head nurse of the German Red Cross
Richard (* 1888), businessman
Gottlieb (* 1897), Prussian lieutenant
References
Bibliography
Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Briefadeligen houses. 1919. Thirteenth year, Justus Perthes, Gotha 1918, pp. 168–169.
Karl-Friedrich Hildebrand, Christian Zweng: The Knights of the Order Pour le Mérite of the First World War. Volume 1: A – G. Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück 1999, ISBN 3-7648- 2505-7, pp. 274-275.
Hanns Möller: “History of the Knights of the Order pour le mérite in World War I.” Volume I: “A – L.” Verlag Bernard & Graefe, Berlin 1935, pp. 203–207.
1856 births
1941 deaths
People from Tuchola
Military personnel from the Province of Prussia
Generals of Infantry (Prussia)
German Army generals of World War I
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) |
Fun Republic Mall is a shopping mall in Peelamedu, Coimbatore, India. This shopping mall was inaugurated on 19 August 2012 and Managed by E-city Ventures which is part of the Essel Group. It is located on the arterial Avinashi Road on a 3.5-acre site. The mall has 6 levels with a total area of 3.25 lakh sq.ft. Shoppers Stop is its anchor store and occupies over 79,000 sq. ft. The mall also features a five screen multiplex operated by Cinépolis theatre with a capacity of 1,119 seats, and a McDonald's restaurant spread over 3,470 sq. ft on two floors in addition to its food court.
Barbeque Nation has an outlet in the Mall at 3rd Floor.
Fun Cinemas has an outlet in the Mall at 4th Floor.
References
Shopping malls in Coimbatore
Shopping malls established in 2012
2012 establishments in Tamil Nadu |
CSS Nashville was a brig-rigged, side-paddle-wheel passenger steamer that served with the Confederate Navy during the Civil War.
History
Originally a United States Mail Service ship, the USMS Nashville was built at Greenpoint, Brooklyn in 1853. Between 1853 and 1861 she was engaged in running between New York City and Charleston, South Carolina. During the Battle of Fort Sumter, the USMS Nashville sailed into Charleston without flying the US national standard and was fired upon by the USRC Harriet Lane which marked the first shot of the naval war in the Civil War. The Nashville raised the American flag, and after the surrender of Sumter, the Nashville docked at Charleston.
After the fall of Fort Sumter, the Confederates captured her at Charleston and fitted her out as a cruiser. Under the command of Lieutenant Robert B. Pegram, CSN, she ran the blockade on October 21, 1861, and headed across the Atlantic to Southampton, England, the first ship of war to fly the Confederate flag in English waters. On November 19, 1861, near the British Isles, she boarded and burned an American merchant ship, the Harvey Birch, the first such action by a Confederate commerce raider in the North Atlantic during the war.
Nashville returned to Beaufort, North Carolina on February 28, 1862, having captured two prizes worth US$66,000 during the cruise. In this interval she was sold for use as a blockade runner and renamed Thomas L. Wragg.
On November 5, 1862, she was commissioned as the privateer Rattlesnake. After she ran fast aground on the Ogeechee River, Georgia, the monitor destroyed her with shell fire from 11-inch (279-mm) and 15-inch (381-mm) turret guns on February 28, 1863.
British writer Francis Warrington Dawson (born Austin John Reeks), then a youth of 21, joined the crew of the Nashville in 1862 in order to make passage from Britain to the Confederacy, with whose cause he sympathized. He later wrote a book about his experience as an expatriate Briton in the Confederacy, Reminiscences of Confederate Service, 1861-1865, the first seven chapters of which detail his observations and experiences aboard the Nashville.
See also
Ships captured in the American Civil War
Bibliography of American Civil War naval history
References
External links
Machinery from the C.S.S. Nashville historical marker
Destruction of the C.S.S. Nashville historical marker
Sinking of CSS Nashville historical marker
Cruisers of the Confederate States Navy
Blockade runners of the Confederate States Navy
Shipwrecks in rivers
Ships built in Brooklyn
1853 ships
Shipwrecks of the Georgia (U.S. state) coast
Shipwrecks of the American Civil War
Maritime incidents in February 1863
Captured ships
Naval magazine explosions |
```xml
import type { IEffects, IPalette, ISemanticColors } from '../types/index';
/** Generates all the semantic slot colors based on the theme so far
* We'll use these as fallbacks for semantic slots that the passed in theme did not define.
* The caller must still mix in the customized semantic slots at the end.
*/
export function makeSemanticColors(
p: IPalette,
e: IEffects,
s: Partial<ISemanticColors> | undefined,
isInverted: boolean,
depComments: boolean = false,
): ISemanticColors {
const semanticColors: Partial<ISemanticColors> = {
primaryButtonBorder: 'transparent',
errorText: !isInverted ? '#a4262c' : '#F1707B',
messageText: !isInverted ? '#323130' : '#F3F2F1',
messageLink: !isInverted ? '#005A9E' : '#6CB8F6',
messageLinkHovered: !isInverted ? '#004578' : '#82C7FF',
infoIcon: !isInverted ? '#605e5c' : '#C8C6C4',
errorIcon: !isInverted ? '#A80000' : '#F1707B',
blockingIcon: !isInverted ? '#FDE7E9' : '#442726',
warningIcon: !isInverted ? '#797775' : '#C8C6C4',
severeWarningIcon: !isInverted ? '#D83B01' : '#FCE100',
successIcon: !isInverted ? '#107C10' : '#92C353',
infoBackground: !isInverted ? '#f3f2f1' : '#323130',
errorBackground: !isInverted ? '#FDE7E9' : '#442726',
blockingBackground: !isInverted ? '#FDE7E9' : '#442726',
warningBackground: !isInverted ? '#FFF4CE' : '#433519',
severeWarningBackground: !isInverted ? '#FED9CC' : '#4F2A0F',
successBackground: !isInverted ? '#DFF6DD' : '#393D1B',
// deprecated
warningHighlight: !isInverted ? '#ffb900' : '#fff100',
successText: !isInverted ? '#107C10' : '#92c353',
...s,
};
const fullSemanticColors = getSemanticColors<ISemanticColors>(p, e, semanticColors, isInverted);
return _fixDeprecatedSlots(fullSemanticColors, depComments);
}
/**
* Map partial platte and effects to partial semantic colors.
*/
export function getSemanticColors<TResult = Partial<ISemanticColors>>(
p: Partial<IPalette> | undefined,
e: Partial<IEffects> | undefined,
s: Partial<ISemanticColors> | undefined,
isInverted: boolean,
depComments: boolean = false,
): TResult {
let result: Partial<ISemanticColors> = {};
// map palette
const {
white,
black,
themePrimary,
themeDark,
themeDarker,
themeDarkAlt,
themeLighter,
neutralLight,
neutralLighter,
neutralDark,
neutralQuaternary,
neutralQuaternaryAlt,
neutralPrimary,
neutralSecondary,
neutralSecondaryAlt,
neutralTertiary,
neutralTertiaryAlt,
neutralLighterAlt,
accent,
} = p || {};
if (white) {
result.bodyBackground = white;
result.bodyFrameBackground = white;
result.accentButtonText = white;
result.buttonBackground = white;
result.primaryButtonText = white;
result.primaryButtonTextHovered = white;
result.primaryButtonTextPressed = white;
result.inputBackground = white;
result.inputForegroundChecked = white;
result.listBackground = white;
result.menuBackground = white;
result.cardStandoutBackground = white;
}
if (black) {
result.bodyTextChecked = black;
result.buttonTextCheckedHovered = black;
}
if (themePrimary) {
result.link = themePrimary;
result.primaryButtonBackground = themePrimary;
result.inputBackgroundChecked = themePrimary;
result.inputIcon = themePrimary;
result.inputFocusBorderAlt = themePrimary;
result.menuIcon = themePrimary;
result.menuHeader = themePrimary;
result.accentButtonBackground = themePrimary;
}
if (themeDark) {
result.primaryButtonBackgroundPressed = themeDark;
result.inputBackgroundCheckedHovered = themeDark;
result.inputIconHovered = themeDark;
}
if (themeDarker) {
result.linkHovered = themeDarker;
}
if (themeDarkAlt) {
result.primaryButtonBackgroundHovered = themeDarkAlt;
}
if (themeLighter) {
result.inputPlaceholderBackgroundChecked = themeLighter;
}
if (neutralLight) {
result.bodyBackgroundChecked = neutralLight;
result.bodyFrameDivider = neutralLight;
result.bodyDivider = neutralLight;
result.variantBorder = neutralLight;
result.buttonBackgroundCheckedHovered = neutralLight;
result.buttonBackgroundPressed = neutralLight;
result.listItemBackgroundChecked = neutralLight;
result.listHeaderBackgroundPressed = neutralLight;
result.menuItemBackgroundPressed = neutralLight;
// eslint-disable-next-line deprecation/deprecation
result.menuItemBackgroundChecked = neutralLight;
}
if (neutralLighter) {
result.bodyBackgroundHovered = neutralLighter;
result.buttonBackgroundHovered = neutralLighter;
result.buttonBackgroundDisabled = neutralLighter;
result.buttonBorderDisabled = neutralLighter;
result.primaryButtonBackgroundDisabled = neutralLighter;
result.disabledBackground = neutralLighter;
result.listItemBackgroundHovered = neutralLighter;
result.listHeaderBackgroundHovered = neutralLighter;
result.menuItemBackgroundHovered = neutralLighter;
}
if (neutralQuaternary) {
result.primaryButtonTextDisabled = neutralQuaternary;
result.disabledSubtext = neutralQuaternary;
}
if (neutralQuaternaryAlt) {
result.listItemBackgroundCheckedHovered = neutralQuaternaryAlt;
}
if (neutralTertiary) {
result.disabledBodyText = neutralTertiary;
result.variantBorderHovered = s?.variantBorderHovered || neutralTertiary;
result.buttonTextDisabled = neutralTertiary;
result.inputIconDisabled = neutralTertiary;
result.disabledText = neutralTertiary;
}
if (neutralPrimary) {
result.bodyText = neutralPrimary;
result.actionLink = neutralPrimary;
result.buttonText = neutralPrimary;
result.inputBorderHovered = neutralPrimary;
result.inputText = neutralPrimary;
result.listText = neutralPrimary;
result.menuItemText = neutralPrimary;
}
if (neutralLighterAlt) {
result.bodyStandoutBackground = neutralLighterAlt;
result.defaultStateBackground = neutralLighterAlt;
}
if (neutralDark) {
result.actionLinkHovered = neutralDark;
result.buttonTextHovered = neutralDark;
result.buttonTextChecked = neutralDark;
result.buttonTextPressed = neutralDark;
result.inputTextHovered = neutralDark;
result.menuItemTextHovered = neutralDark;
}
if (neutralSecondary) {
result.bodySubtext = neutralSecondary;
result.focusBorder = neutralSecondary;
result.inputBorder = neutralSecondary;
result.smallInputBorder = neutralSecondary;
result.inputPlaceholderText = neutralSecondary;
}
if (neutralSecondaryAlt) {
result.buttonBorder = neutralSecondaryAlt;
}
if (neutralTertiaryAlt) {
result.disabledBodySubtext = neutralTertiaryAlt;
result.disabledBorder = neutralTertiaryAlt;
result.buttonBackgroundChecked = neutralTertiaryAlt;
result.menuDivider = neutralTertiaryAlt;
}
if (accent) {
result.accentButtonBackground = accent;
}
// map effects
if (e?.elevation4) {
result.cardShadow = e.elevation4;
}
if (!isInverted && e?.elevation8) {
result.cardShadowHovered = e.elevation8;
} else if (result.variantBorderHovered) {
result.cardShadowHovered = '0 0 1px ' + result.variantBorderHovered;
}
result = {
...result,
// mix in customized semantic slots
...s,
};
return result as TResult;
}
function _fixDeprecatedSlots(s: ISemanticColors, depComments: boolean): ISemanticColors {
// Add @deprecated tag as comment if enabled
let dep = '';
if (depComments === true) {
dep = ' /* @deprecated */';
}
/* eslint-disable deprecation/deprecation */
s.listTextColor = s.listText + dep;
s.menuItemBackgroundChecked += dep;
s.warningHighlight += dep;
s.warningText = s.messageText + dep;
s.successText += dep;
/* eslint-enable deprecation/deprecation */
return s;
}
``` |
Kot Gulla is a village and union council, an administrative subdivision, of Mianwali District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Mianwali Tehsil.
Villages of union council Kot Gulla
Dhoke Chhoi, (Bahi Brothers Bahi Brothers Facebook Page)
Mahbubabad
Dhoke Mail,
Dhok Malkanwali (shamraiz)
Walaveen
Dhok Jahat
Dhok Larian (Malik Ahsan Awan belongs to this village)
Dhok Jhandi,
Dhok Pamri Khel,
Dhok Nakka,
Jhodal,
Matoki
Dhoke Reehan,
Lal Khel Dhoke Adam Khan(Dheri)
Dhok Dera Sultan Ali Khushal Garhetc.
References
Populated places in Chakwal District |
Henry Strong may refer to:
Henry Strong (ATSF), president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
Henry A. Strong (1838–1919), first president of Eastman Kodak Company
Henry G. Strong (1873–1919), New York businessman
Henry W. Strong (1810–1848), New York politician |
Östergötland County held a county council election on 14 September 2014, on the same day as the general and municipal elections.
Results
The number of seats remained at 101 with the Social Democrats winning the most at 37, an increase of two from 2010.
Municipalities
Images
References
Elections in Östergötland County
Östergötland |
Above The City is the debut album by American punk rock band Smoke or Fire, released in 2005. It was produced by Fat Mike under Fat Wreck Records, and was the band's first full-length album. Above the City has drawn comparison to Against Me! and Lawrence Arms, and has been called a "punching sincere punk rock album". The album reached #62 in CMJ's "Radio 100" in 2005, spending at least 5 weeks on the list.
Critical reception
In a positive review, Style Weekly wrote that "these songs run on a maximum of speed and a minimum of time, half of them touring the landscape of America and the other half, the landscape of emotion."
Track listing
All tracks by Joe McMahon
Personnel
Jeremy Cochran – guitar
Ethan Dussault – engineer, mixing, audio production
Fat Mike – producer
Ryan Greene – mixing
Ken Gurley – bass
Adam Krammer – engineer, audio engineer
Nick Maggiore – drums
Joe McMahon – guitar, vocals
Chrissy Piper – photography
Brad Vance – mastering
Winni Wintermeyer – design, photography
References
Smoke or Fire albums
2005 albums
Fat Wreck Chords albums |
HMS Mohawk was a of the Royal Navy in service from 1963. She was named after a tribe of Native Americans located in southeast Canada and New York State. Mohawk was scrapped in 1983.
Design and construction
The Tribal-, or Type 81-class, frigates were developed in the mid-1950s as a General Purpose frigate, capable of use in both anti-submarine and anti-aircraft duties in a full-scale war, while serving for Cold War policing duties in peace-time, in particular to replace the old s serving in the Persian Gulf.
The Tribals were long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of . The ship's hull had a draught of , with the propeller increasing overall draught to . Displacement was standard and full load. Propulsion was by a single-shaft Combined steam and gas (COSAG) arrangement, effectively half of the powerplant of the s. A single Babcock & Wilcox boiler fed steam at and to a geared steam turbine rated at , which could be supplemented by a Metrovick G-6 gas turbine rated at to reach top speed, with the gas turbine also allowing the ship to get underway quickly in an emergency, without having to wait to raise steam. Speed was about using both steam and gas turbine power, and on steam power alone.
The ships were fitted with two QF 4.5-in (113 mm) Mark 5 guns, salvaged from scrapped Second World War destroyers, mounted fore and aft. It was intended to fit two Seacat anti-aircraft missile launchers, but these were not ready in time, and Gurkha completed with two 40 mm Bofors guns instead, with Seacat replacing the Bofors guns on refit. For anti-submarine and anti-ship duties, a hangar and flight deck for a single Westland Wasp helicopter was fitted, while a Limbo anti-submarine mortar provided close-in anti-submarine armament. Mohawk was fitted with a large Type 965 long range air search radar on a lattice foremast, with a Type 993 short range air/surface target indicating radar and Type 978 navigation radar also fitted. An MRS3 fire control system was carried to direct the 4.5-inch guns. The ship had a sonar suite of Type 177 medium range search sonar, Type 162 bottom search and Type 170 attack sonar. The ship had a crew of 253 officers and other ranks.
Mohawk was built by Vickers, of Barrow-in-Furness, at a cost of £4,705,000. She was laid down on 23 December 1960, was launched on 5 April 1962 and commissioned on 29 November 1963. Her construction had been disrupted by a labour dispute.
Operational Service
In 1965, Mohawk deployed to the Persian Gulf. She joined the Beira Patrol, intended to enforce an oil blockade of Rhodesia, in 1966. The following year, Mohawk deployed to the West Indies and the Mediterranean, becoming the Gibraltar guardship in 1968. By 1969, Mohawk had returned to the West Indies.
Mohawk underwent a conversion to accommodate her planned utilisation as a training ship. The refit entailed the removal of Mohawks aft 4.5-inch gun and the conversion of her hangar to a classroom, but the process was abandoned. In 1973, Mohawk and the destroyer relieved the destroyer and frigate in the Far East Squadron. Mohawk contributed to the Beira Patrol before returning to Britain in 1973. Later that year she embarked on a tour of the Norwegian coast. She was called onto assist in the search for , a fishing vessel that went missing in the Barents Sea.
In 1974, Mohawk served in the West Indies and the Mediterranean. In 1977, Mohawk joined Naval On-call Force of the Mediterranean (NAVOCFORMED), a NATO multi-national squadron. Later that year, Mohawk formed part of a task force designated "Group 6", led by the cruiser , that toured the Middle and Far East. During the group's return journey the following year, Mohawk suffered hull damage in the port of Valletta, Malta after slipping her moorings early.
In 1979, Mohawk was reduced to the reserve and allocated to the Standby Squadron. After being placed on the disposal list in 1981. Mohawk was sold for scrap and broken up at Cairnryan.
Notes
Publications
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
Tribal-class frigates
1962 ships |
This is a list of the bird species recorded in Turkmenistan. The avifauna of Turkmenistan include a total of 438 species.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Accidental species are included in the total species count for Turkmenistan.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.
(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Turkmenistan
(Ex) Extirpated - a species no longer found in Turkmenistan but found elsewhere
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
Graylag goose, Anser anser
Swan goose, Anser cygnoides (A)
Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons
Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus
Taiga bean-goose, Anser fabalis
Red-breasted goose, Branta ruficollis
Mute swan, Cygnus olor
Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus
Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus
Ruddy shelduck, Tadorna ferruginea
Common shelduck, Tadorna tadorna
Baikal teal, Sibirionetta formosa (A)
Garganey, Spatula querquedula
Northern shoveler, Spatula clypeata
Gadwall, Mareca strepera
Falcated duck, Mareca falcata (A)
Eurasian wigeon, Mareca penelope
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
Northern pintail, Anas acuta
Green-winged teal, Anas crecca
Marbled teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris
Red-crested pochard, Netta rufina
Common pochard, Aythya ferina
Ferruginous duck, Aythya nyroca
Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula
Greater scaup, Aythya marila
Velvet scoter, Melanitta fusca
Stejneger's scoter, Melanitta stejnegeri
Common scoter, Melanitta nigra (A)
Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis
Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula
Smew, Mergellus albellus
Common merganser, Mergus merganser
Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator
White-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala (A)
Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus
Black francolin, Francolinus francolinus
Caspian snowcock, Tetraogallus caspius
See-see partridge, Ammoperdix griseogularis
Common quail, Coturnix coturnix
Chukar, Alectoris chukar
Flamingos
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
Greater flamingo, Phoenicopterus roseus
Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus
Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis
Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Rock pigeon, Columba livia
Hill pigeon, Columba rupestris (A)
Snow pigeon, Columba leuconota (A)
Stock dove, Columba oenas
Yellow-eyed pigeon, Columba eversmanni
Common wood-pigeon, Columba palumbus
European turtle-dove, Streptopelia turtur
Oriental turtle-dove, Streptopelia orientalis
Eurasian collared-dove, Streptopelia decaocto
Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis
Sandgrouse
Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
Pallas's sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus
Pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata
Spotted sandgrouse, Pterocles senegallus (A)
Black-bellied sandgrouse, Pterocles orientalis
Bustards
Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
Great bustard, Otis tarda
Macqueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii
Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax
Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius (A)
Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus (A)
Lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus (A)
Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus
Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus
Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
Eurasian nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus
Egyptian nightjar, Caprimulgus aegyptius
Swifts
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Alpine swift, Apus melba
Common swift, Apus apus
Little swift, Apus affinis (A)
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Water rail, Rallus aquaticus
Corn crake, Crex crex
Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
Eurasian moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
Eurasian coot, Fulica atra
Gray-headed swamphen, Porphyrio poliocephalus
Little crake, Zapornia parva
Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla
Cranes
Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
Demoiselle crane, Anthropoides virgo
Siberian crane, Leucogeranus leucogeranus (A)
Common crane, Grus grus
Thick-knees
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
Eurasian thick-knee, Burhinus oedicnemus
Stilts and avocets
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus
Pied avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta
Ibisbill
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Ibidorhynchidae
The ibisbill is related to the waders, but is sufficiently distinctive to be a family unto itself. The adult is grey with a white belly, red legs, a long down curved bill, and a black face and breast band.
Ibisbill, Ibidorhyncha struthersii (A)
Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus
Plovers and lapwings
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
European golden-plover, Pluvialis apricaria
Pacific golden-plover, Pluvialis fulva (A)
Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus
Red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus indicus
Sociable lapwing, Vanellus gregarius
White-tailed lapwing, Vanellus leucurus (A)
Lesser sand-plover, Charadrius mongolus (A)
Greater sand-plover, Charadrius leschenaultii
Caspian plover, Charadrius asiaticus
Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus
Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula
Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius
Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus
Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris (A)
Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata
Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica
Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres
Red knot, Calidris canutus (A)
Ruff, Calidris pugnax
Broad-billed sandpiper, Calidris falcinellus
Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea
Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii
Sanderling, Calidris alba
Dunlin, Calidris alpina
Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritima (A)
Little stint, Calidris minuta
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos (A)
Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus
Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
Solitary snipe, Gallinago solitaria
Great snipe, Gallinago media
Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago
Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus
Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius (A)
Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos
Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus
Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus
Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia
Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis
Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola
Common redshank, Tringa totanus
Pratincoles and coursers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
Cream-colored courser, Cursorius cursor
Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola
Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni
Skuas and jaegers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus (A)
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (A)
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
Slender-billed gull, Chroicocephalus genei
Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus
Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus
Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea (A)
Mediterranean gull, Ichthyaetus melanocephalus (A)
Pallas's gull, Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
Common gull, Larus canus
Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans
Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus (A)
Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus (A)
Little tern, Sternula albifrons
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia
Black tern, Chlidonias niger
White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus
Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybrida
Common tern, Sterna hirundo
Sandwich tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis
Loons
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae
Loons are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.
Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata
Arctic loon, Gavia arctica
Storks
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
Black stork, Ciconia nigra
White stork, Ciconia ciconia
Cormorants and shags
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
Pygmy cormorant, Microcarbo pygmeus
Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
Great white pelican, Pelecanus onocrotalus
Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus
Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
Great bittern, Botaurus stellaris
Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus
Gray heron, Ardea cinerea
Purple heron, Ardea purpurea
Great egret, Ardea alba
Little egret, Egretta garzetta
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis
Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides
Black-crowned night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus
Eurasian spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia
Osprey
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
Bearded vulture, Gypaetus barbatus (A)
Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus
European honey-buzzard, Pernis apivorus (A)
Cinereous vulture, Aegypius monachus
Himalayan griffon, Gyps himalayensis (A)
Eurasian griffon, Gyps fulvus
Short-toed snake-eagle, Circaetus gallicus
Greater spotted eagle, Clanga clanga
Booted eagle, Hieraaetus pennatus
Steppe eagle, Aquila nipalensis
Imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca
Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos
Bonelli's eagle, Aquila fasciata
Eurasian marsh-harrier, Circus aeruginosus
Hen harrier, Circus cyaneus
Pallid harrier, Circus macrourus
Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus
Shikra, Accipiter badius
Levant sparrowhawk, Accipiter brevipes (A)
Eurasian sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus
Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis
Black kite, Milvus migrans
White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla
Pallas's fish-eagle, Haliaeetus leucoryphus
Rough-legged buzzard, Buteo lagopus
Common buzzard, Buteo buteo
Himalayan buzzard, Buteo refectus (A)
Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus
Barn-owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Barn owl, Tyto alba (A)
Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Eurasian scops-owl, Otus scops
Pallid scops-owl, Otus brucei
Eurasian eagle-owl, Bubo bubo
Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus (A)
Little owl, Athene noctua
Tawny owl, Strix aluco
Long-eared owl, Asio otus
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
Hoopoes
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.
Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops
Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
Bee-eaters
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus
European bee-eater, Merops apiaster
Rollers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
European roller, Coracias garrulus
Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla
Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major (Ex)
White-winged woodpecker, Dendrocopos leucopterus
Scaly-bellied woodpecker, Picus squamatus
Eurasian green woodpecker, Picus viridis (Ex)
Falcons and caracaras
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni
Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus (A)
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo
Laggar falcon, Falco jugger (A)
Saker falcon, Falco cherrug
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
Old world parrots
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri (A)
Old World orioles
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
Eurasian golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus
Indian golden oriole, Oriolus kundoo
Monarch flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae
The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.
Indian paradise-flycatcher, Terpsiphone paradisi
Shrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.
Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
Red-tailed shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides
Isabelline shrike, Lanius isabellinus
Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus (A)
Bay-backed shrike, Lanius vittatus
Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach
Great gray shrike, Lanius excubitor
Lesser gray shrike, Lanius minor
Masked shrike, Lanius nubicus
Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator (A)
Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Eurasian magpie, Pica pica
Turkestan ground-jay, Podoces panderi
Red-billed chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Yellow-billed chough, Pyrrhocorax graculus (A)
Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula
Daurian jackdaw, Corvus dauuricus (A)
Rook, Corvus frugilegus
Carrion crow, Corvus corone
Hooded crow, Corvus cornix
Brown-necked raven, Corvus ruficollis
Common raven, Corvus corax
Tits, chickadees, and titmice
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
Coal tit, Periparus ater
Rufous-naped tit, Periparus rufonuchalis
Eurasian blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus
Azure tit, Cyanistes cyanus
Great tit, Parus major
Cinereous tit, Parus cinereus
Penduline-tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae
The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
Eurasian penduline-tit, Remiz pendulinus
Black-headed penduline-tit, Remiz macronyx
White-crowned penduline-tit, Remiz coronatus
Larks
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
Desert lark, Ammomanes deserti (A)
Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris
Greater short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla
Hume's lark, Calandrella acutirostris
Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata
Calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra
Black lark, Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (A)
Asian short-toed lark, Alaudala cheleensis
Turkestan short-toed lark, Alaudala heinei
Wood lark, Lullula arborea
White-winged lark, Alauda leucoptera
Eurasian skylark, Alauda arvensis
Oriental skylark, Alauda gulgula
Crested lark, Galerida cristata
Bearded reedling
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Panuridae
This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.
Bearded reedling, Panurus biarmicus
Reed warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
Booted warbler, Iduna caligata
Sykes's warbler, Iduna rama
Eastern olivaceous warbler, Iduna pallida
Upcher's warbler, Hippolais languida
Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum (A)
Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina
Moustached warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon
Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola
Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum
Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
Eurasian reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus
Clamorous reed warbler, Acrocephalus stentoreus
Grassbirds and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis
Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides
Common grasshopper-warbler, Locustella naevia
Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Bank swallow, Riparia riparia
Pale sand martin, Riparia diluta
Eurasian crag-martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica
Wire-tailed swallow, Hirundo smithii
Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica
Common house-martin, Delichon urbicum
Bulbuls
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae
Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.
Himalayan bulbul, Pycnonotus leucogenys
Leaf warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus (A)
Hume's warbler, Phylloscopus humei
Pallas's leaf warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus (A)
Sulphur-bellied warbler, Phylloscopus griseolus
Plain leaf warbler, Phylloscopus neglectus
Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
Common chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
Green warbler, Phylloscopus nitidus (A)
Greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides
Bush warblers and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.
Scrub warbler, Scotocerca inquieta
Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti
Long-tailed tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.
Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus
Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
Eurasian blackcap, Sylvia atricapilla
Garden warbler, Sylvia borin
Barred warbler, Curruca nisoria
Lesser whitethroat, Curruca curruca
Eastern Orphean warbler, Curruca crassirostris
Asian desert warbler, Curruca nana
Menetries's warbler, Curruca mystacea
Greater whitethroat, Curruca communis
Laughingthrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Leiothrichidae
The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus Turdoides tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.
Streaked laughingthrush, Trochalopteron lineatum
Kinglets
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.
Goldcrest, Regulus regulus
Wallcreeper
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tichodromidae
The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.
Wallcreeper, Tichodroma muraria
Nuthatches
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
Eastern rock nuthatch, Sitta tephronota
Treecreepers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
Bar-tailed treecreeper, Certhia himalayana
Wrens
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes
Dippers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.
White-throated dipper, Cinclus cinclus (A)
Starlings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
European starling, Sturnus vulgaris
Rosy starling, Pastor roseus
Brahminy starling, Sturnia pagodarum (A)
Common myna, Acridotheres tristis
Thrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Mistle thrush, Turdus viscivorus
Song thrush, Turdus philomelos
Redwing, Turdus iliacus
Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula
Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris
Ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus
Black-throated thrush, Turdus atrogularis
Red-throated thrush, Turdus ruficollis (A)
Old World flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata
Rufous-tailed scrub-robin, Cercotrichas galactotes
European robin, Erithacus rubecula
White-throated robin, Irania gutturalis
Thrush nightingale, Luscinia luscinia
Common nightingale, Luscinia megarhynchos
Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
Blue whistling-thrush, Myophonus caeruleus
Rusty-tailed flycatcher, Ficedula ruficauda
Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (A)
Red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva
Semicollared flycatcher, Ficedula semitorquata (A)
European pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca
Collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis
Rufous-backed redstart, Phoenicurus erythronota
Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Black redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros
Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, Monticola saxatilis
Blue rock-thrush, Monticola solitarius
Whinchat, Saxicola rubetra
Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus
Pied bushchat, Saxicola caprata
Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe
Isabelline wheatear, Oenanthe isabellina
Desert wheatear, Oenanthe deserti
Eastern black-eared wheatear, Oenanthe melanoleuca
Pied wheatear, Oenanthe pleschanka
Variable wheatear, Oenanthe picata
Finsch's wheatear, Oenanthe finschii
Persian wheatear, Oenanthe chrysopygia
Waxwings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
Hypocolius
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hypocoliidae
The grey hypocolius is a small Middle Eastern bird with the shape and soft plumage of a waxwing. They are mainly a uniform grey colour except the males have a black triangular mask around their eyes.
Hypocolius, Hypocolius ampelinus
Accentors
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.
Alpine accentor, Prunella collaris
Radde's accentor, Prunella ocularis
Black-throated accentor, Prunella atrogularis
Dunnock, Prunella modularis
Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Saxaul sparrow, Passer ammodendri
House sparrow, Passer domesticus
Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis
Zarudny's sparrow, Passer zarudnyi
Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus
Rock sparrow, Petronia petronia
Pale rockfinch, Carpospiza brachydactyla
White-winged snowfinch, Montifringilla nivalis
Afghan snowfinch, Montifringilla theresae
Wagtails and pipits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea
Western yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava
Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola
White wagtail, Motacilla alba
Richard's pipit, Anthus richardi (A)
Tawny pipit, Anthus campestris
Meadow pipit, Anthus pratensis
Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis
Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus
Water pipit, Anthus spinoletta
Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs
Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
White-winged grosbeak, Mycerobas carnipes
Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus
Red-mantled rosefinch, Carpodacus rhodochlamys
Blyth's rosefinch, Carpodacus grandis
Long-tailed rosefinch, Carpodacus sibiricus (A)
Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula (A)
Crimson-winged finch, Rhodopechys sanguineus
Trumpeter finch, Bucanetes githagineus
Mongolian finch, Bucanetes mongolicus
Desert finch, Rhodospiza obsoleta
European greenfinch, Chloris chloris
Twite, Linaria flavirostris
Eurasian linnet, Linaria cannabina
Common redpoll, Acanthis flammea (A)
Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra
European goldfinch, Carduelis carduelis
Fire-fronted serin, Serinus pusillus
Eurasian siskin, Spinus spinus
Longspurs and snow buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae
Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus (A)
Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis (A)
Old World buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
Black-headed bunting, Emberiza melanocephala
Red-headed bunting, Emberiza bruniceps
Corn bunting, Emberiza calandra
Rock bunting, Emberiza cia
White-capped bunting, Emberiza stewarti
Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella
Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos
Gray-necked bunting, Emberiza buchanani
Cinereous bunting, Emberiza cineracea (A)
Ortolan bunting, Emberiza hortulana
Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus
Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola (A)
Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica (A)
See also
List of birds
Lists of birds by region
References
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
'
birds |
Zalaistvánd is a village in Zala County, Hungary.
References
Populated places in Zala County |
Cymindis faldermanni is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Johannes von Nepomuk Franz Xaver Gistel in 1838.
References
faldermanni
Beetles described in 1838 |
```c++
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#include "sdkconfig.h"
#if defined(CONFIG_BT_ENABLED) && defined(CONFIG_BLUEDROID_ENABLED)
#include "SimpleBLE.h"
#include "esp32-hal-log.h"
#include "esp_bt.h"
#include "esp_gap_ble_api.h"
#include "esp_gatts_api.h"
#include "esp_bt_defs.h"
#include "esp_bt_main.h"
static esp_ble_adv_data_t _adv_config = {
.set_scan_rsp = false,
.include_name = true,
.include_txpower = true,
.min_interval = 512,
.max_interval = 1024,
.appearance = 0,
.manufacturer_len = 0,
.p_manufacturer_data = NULL,
.service_data_len = 0,
.p_service_data = NULL,
.service_uuid_len = 0,
.p_service_uuid = NULL,
.flag = (ESP_BLE_ADV_FLAG_GEN_DISC | ESP_BLE_ADV_FLAG_BREDR_NOT_SPT)
};
static esp_ble_adv_params_t _adv_params = {
.adv_int_min = 512,
.adv_int_max = 1024,
.adv_type = ADV_TYPE_NONCONN_IND,
.own_addr_type = BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC,
.peer_addr =
{
0x00,
},
.peer_addr_type = BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC,
.channel_map = ADV_CHNL_ALL,
.adv_filter_policy = ADV_FILTER_ALLOW_SCAN_ANY_CON_ANY,
};
static void _on_gap(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
if (event == ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT) {
esp_ble_gap_start_advertising(&_adv_params);
}
}
static bool _init_gap(const char *name) {
if (!btStarted() && !btStart()) {
log_e("btStart failed");
return false;
}
esp_bluedroid_status_t bt_state = esp_bluedroid_get_status();
if (bt_state == ESP_BLUEDROID_STATUS_UNINITIALIZED) {
if (esp_bluedroid_init()) {
log_e("esp_bluedroid_init failed");
return false;
}
}
if (bt_state != ESP_BLUEDROID_STATUS_ENABLED) {
if (esp_bluedroid_enable()) {
log_e("esp_bluedroid_enable failed");
return false;
}
}
if (esp_ble_gap_set_device_name(name)) {
log_e("gap_set_device_name failed");
return false;
}
if (esp_ble_gap_config_adv_data(&_adv_config)) {
log_e("gap_config_adv_data failed");
return false;
}
if (esp_ble_gap_register_callback(_on_gap)) {
log_e("gap_register_callback failed");
return false;
}
return true;
}
static bool _stop_gap() {
if (btStarted()) {
esp_bluedroid_disable();
esp_bluedroid_deinit();
btStop();
}
return true;
}
/*
* BLE Arduino
*
* */
SimpleBLE::SimpleBLE() {
local_name = "esp32";
}
SimpleBLE::~SimpleBLE(void) {
_stop_gap();
}
bool SimpleBLE::begin(String localName) {
if (localName.length()) {
local_name = localName;
}
return _init_gap(local_name.c_str());
}
void SimpleBLE::end() {
_stop_gap();
}
#endif
``` |
```swift
import Foundation
import CoreBluetooth
class RxCBPeripheral: RxPeripheralType {
let peripheral: CBPeripheral
private let internalDelegate: InternalPeripheralDelegate
init(peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
self.peripheral = peripheral
internalDelegate = RxCBPeripheral.getInternalPeripheralDelegateRef(cbPeripheral: peripheral)
}
deinit {
RxCBPeripheral.putInternalPeripheralDelegateRef(cbPeripheral: peripheral)
}
var identifier: UUID {
return peripheral.value(forKey: "identifier") as! NSUUID as UUID
}
var objectId: UInt {
return UInt(bitPattern: ObjectIdentifier(peripheral))
}
var name: String? {
return peripheral.name
}
var state: CBPeripheralState {
return peripheral.state
}
var services: [RxServiceType]? {
return peripheral.services?.compactMap(RxCBService.init)
}
var canSendWriteWithoutResponse: Bool {
// Although available since iOS 11.0, on versions < iOS 11.2 canSendWriteWithoutResponse will always
// return false (on first try). We work around this issue by always returning true for < iOS 11.2.
// See: path_to_url
if #available(iOS 11.2, *) {
return peripheral.canSendWriteWithoutResponse
} else {
return true
}
}
var rx_didUpdateName: Observable<String?> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidUpdateNameSubject
}
var rx_didModifyServices: Observable<([RxServiceType])> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidModifyServicesSubject
}
var rx_didReadRSSI: Observable<(Int, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidReadRSSISubject
}
var rx_didDiscoverServices: Observable<([RxServiceType]?, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidDiscoverServicesSubject
}
var rx_didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService: Observable<(RxServiceType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidDiscoverIncludedServicesForServiceSubject
}
var rx_didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService: Observable<(RxServiceType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidDiscoverCharacteristicsForServiceSubject
}
var rx_didUpdateValueForCharacteristic: Observable<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidUpdateValueForCharacteristicSubject
}
var rx_didWriteValueForCharacteristic: Observable<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidWriteValueForCharacteristicSubject
}
var rx_didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic: Observable<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristicSubject
}
var rx_didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic: Observable<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristicSubject
}
var rx_didUpdateValueForDescriptor: Observable<(RxDescriptorType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidUpdateValueForDescriptorSubject
}
var rx_didWriteValueForDescriptor: Observable<(RxDescriptorType, Error?)> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralDidWriteValueForDescriptorSubject
}
var rx_isReadyToSendWriteWithoutResponse: Observable<Bool> {
return internalDelegate.peripheralIsReadyToSendWriteWithoutResponseSubject
}
func discoverServices(_ serviceUUIDs: [CBUUID]?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) discoverServices(
serviceUUIDs: \(String(describing: serviceUUIDs?.logDescription)))
""")
peripheral.discoverServices(serviceUUIDs)
}
func discoverCharacteristics(_ characteristicUUIDs: [CBUUID]?, for service: RxServiceType) {
let cbService = (service as! RxCBService).service
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) discoverCharacteristics(
characteristicUUIDs: \(String(describing: characteristicUUIDs?.logDescription)),
for: \(cbService.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.discoverCharacteristics(characteristicUUIDs, for: cbService)
}
func discoverIncludedServices(_ includedServiceUUIDs: [CBUUID]?, for service: RxServiceType) {
let cbService = (service as! RxCBService).service
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) discoverIncludedServices(
includedServiceUUIDs: \(String(describing: includedServiceUUIDs?.logDescription)),
for: \(cbService.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.discoverIncludedServices(includedServiceUUIDs, for: cbService)
}
func readValue(for characteristic: RxCharacteristicType) {
let cbcharacteristic = (characteristic as! RxCBCharacteristic).characteristic
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) readValue(
for: \(cbcharacteristic.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.readValue(for: cbcharacteristic)
}
func writeValue(_ data: Data,
for characteristic: RxCharacteristicType,
type: CBCharacteristicWriteType) {
let cbcharacteristic = (characteristic as! RxCBCharacteristic).characteristic
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) writeValue(
data: \(data.logDescription),
for: \(cbcharacteristic.logDescription),
type: \(type.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.writeValue(data, for: cbcharacteristic, type: type)
}
func setNotifyValue(_ enabled: Bool, for characteristic: RxCharacteristicType) {
let cbcharacteristic = (characteristic as! RxCBCharacteristic).characteristic
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) setNotifyValue(
enabled: \(enabled),
for: \(cbcharacteristic.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.setNotifyValue(enabled, for: cbcharacteristic)
}
func discoverDescriptors(for characteristic: RxCharacteristicType) {
let cbcharacteristic = (characteristic as! RxCBCharacteristic).characteristic
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) discoverDescriptors(
for: \(cbcharacteristic.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.discoverDescriptors(for: cbcharacteristic)
}
func readValue(for descriptor: RxDescriptorType) {
let cbdescriptor = (descriptor as! RxCBDescriptor).descriptor
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) readValue(
for: \(cbdescriptor.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.readValue(for: cbdescriptor)
}
@available(OSX 10.12, iOS 9.0, *)
func maximumWriteValueLength(for type: CBCharacteristicWriteType) -> Int {
return peripheral.maximumWriteValueLength(for: type)
}
func writeValue(_ data: Data, for descriptor: RxDescriptorType) {
let cbdescriptor = (descriptor as! RxCBDescriptor).descriptor
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) writeValue(
data: \(data.logDescription),
for: \(cbdescriptor.logDescription))
""")
peripheral.writeValue(data, for: cbdescriptor)
}
func readRSSI() {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("\(peripheral.logDescription) readRSSI()")
peripheral.readRSSI()
}
@objc fileprivate class InternalPeripheralDelegate: NSObject, CBPeripheralDelegate {
let peripheralDidUpdateNameSubject = PublishSubject<String?>()
let peripheralDidModifyServicesSubject = PublishSubject<([RxServiceType])>()
let peripheralDidReadRSSISubject = PublishSubject<(Int, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidDiscoverServicesSubject = PublishSubject<([RxServiceType]?, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidDiscoverIncludedServicesForServiceSubject = PublishSubject<(RxServiceType, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidDiscoverCharacteristicsForServiceSubject = PublishSubject<(RxServiceType, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidUpdateValueForCharacteristicSubject = PublishSubject<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidWriteValueForCharacteristicSubject = PublishSubject<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristicSubject =
PublishSubject<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristicSubject =
PublishSubject<(RxCharacteristicType, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidUpdateValueForDescriptorSubject = PublishSubject<(RxDescriptorType, Error?)>()
let peripheralDidWriteValueForDescriptorSubject = PublishSubject<(RxDescriptorType, Error?)>()
let peripheralIsReadyToSendWriteWithoutResponseSubject = PublishSubject<Bool>()
@objc func peripheralDidUpdateName(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didUpdateName(name: \(String(describing: peripheral.name)))
""")
peripheralDidUpdateNameSubject.onNext(peripheral.name)
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didModifyServices invalidatedServices: [CBService]) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didModifyServices(services:
[\(invalidatedServices.logDescription))]
""")
peripheralDidModifyServicesSubject.onNext(invalidatedServices.compactMap(RxCBService.init))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didReadRSSI rssi: NSNumber, error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didReadRSSI(rssi: \(rssi),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidReadRSSISubject.onNext((rssi.intValue, error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverServices error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didDiscoverServices(services
: \(String(describing: peripheral.services?.logDescription)),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidDiscoverServicesSubject.onNext((peripheral.services?.compactMap(RxCBService.init), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didDiscoverIncludedServicesFor service: CBService,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didDiscoverIncludedServices(for:
\(service.logDescription), includedServices:
\(String(describing: service.includedServices?.logDescription)),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidDiscoverIncludedServicesForServiceSubject.onNext((RxCBService(service: service), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor service: CBService,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor(for:
\(service.logDescription), characteristics:
\(String(describing: service.characteristics?.logDescription)),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidDiscoverCharacteristicsForServiceSubject.onNext((RxCBService(service: service), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didUpdateValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didUpdateValueFor(for:\(characteristic.logDescription),
value: \(String(describing: characteristic.value?.logDescription)),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidUpdateValueForCharacteristicSubject
.onNext((RxCBCharacteristic(characteristic: characteristic), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didWriteValueFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didWriteValueFor(for:\(characteristic.logDescription),
value: \(String(describing: characteristic.value?.logDescription)),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidWriteValueForCharacteristicSubject
.onNext((RxCBCharacteristic(characteristic: characteristic), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didUpdateNotificationStateFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didUpdateNotificationStateFor(
for:\(characteristic.logDescription), isNotifying: \(characteristic.isNotifying),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristicSubject
.onNext((RxCBCharacteristic(characteristic: characteristic), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didDiscoverDescriptorsFor characteristic: CBCharacteristic,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didDiscoverDescriptorsFor
(for:\(characteristic.logDescription), descriptors:
\(String(describing: characteristic.descriptors?.logDescription)),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristicSubject
.onNext((RxCBCharacteristic(characteristic: characteristic), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didUpdateValueFor descriptor: CBDescriptor,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didUpdateValueFor(for:\(descriptor.logDescription),
value: \(String(describing: descriptor.value)), error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidUpdateValueForDescriptorSubject.onNext((RxCBDescriptor(descriptor: descriptor), error))
}
@objc func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral,
didWriteValueFor descriptor: CBDescriptor,
error: Error?) {
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("""
\(peripheral.logDescription) didWriteValueFor(for:\(descriptor.logDescription),
error: \(String(describing: error)))
""")
peripheralDidWriteValueForDescriptorSubject.onNext((RxCBDescriptor(descriptor: descriptor), error))
}
@objc func peripheralIsReady(toSendWriteWithoutResponse peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
//resolve build errors with XCode 11 / iOS 13
let canSendWriteWithoutResponse: Bool
if #available(iOS 11.2, *) {
canSendWriteWithoutResponse = peripheral.canSendWriteWithoutResponse
} else {
canSendWriteWithoutResponse = true
}
RxBluetoothKitLog.d("\(peripheral.logDescription) peripheralIsReady(toSendWriteWithoutResponse:\(canSendWriteWithoutResponse)")
peripheralIsReadyToSendWriteWithoutResponseSubject.onNext(canSendWriteWithoutResponse)
}
}
fileprivate class InternalPeripheralDelegateWrapper {
fileprivate let delegate: InternalPeripheralDelegate
fileprivate var refCount: Int
fileprivate init(delegate: InternalPeripheralDelegate) {
self.delegate = delegate
refCount = 1
}
}
private static let internalPeripheralDelegateWrappersLock = NSLock()
private static var internalPeripheralDelegateWrappers = [CBPeripheral: InternalPeripheralDelegateWrapper]()
private static func getInternalPeripheralDelegateRef(cbPeripheral: CBPeripheral) -> InternalPeripheralDelegate {
internalPeripheralDelegateWrappersLock.lock(); defer { internalPeripheralDelegateWrappersLock.unlock() }
if let wrapper = internalPeripheralDelegateWrappers[cbPeripheral] {
wrapper.refCount += 1
return wrapper.delegate
} else {
let delegate = InternalPeripheralDelegate()
cbPeripheral.delegate = delegate
internalPeripheralDelegateWrappers[cbPeripheral] = InternalPeripheralDelegateWrapper(delegate: delegate)
return delegate
}
}
fileprivate static func putInternalPeripheralDelegateRef(cbPeripheral: CBPeripheral) {
internalPeripheralDelegateWrappersLock.lock(); defer { internalPeripheralDelegateWrappersLock.unlock() }
if let wrapper = internalPeripheralDelegateWrappers[cbPeripheral] {
wrapper.refCount -= 1
if wrapper.refCount == 0 {
cbPeripheral.delegate = nil
internalPeripheralDelegateWrappers[cbPeripheral] = nil
}
} else {
fatalError("Implementation error: internal delegate for CBPeripheral is cached in memory")
}
}
}
``` |
Guillos is a commune in the Gironde department in southwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Gironde department
References
Communes of Gironde |
```scss
/**
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
:host {
.key-filter-list {
overflow: auto;
max-height: 300px;
.no-data-found {
height: 50px;
}
}
.filters-operation {
margin-top: -18px;
color: #666;
font-weight: 500;
}
.tb-filter-preview {
padding: 8px;
border: 1px groove rgba(0, 0, 0, .25);
border-radius: 4px;
}
}
:host ::ng-deep {
.tb-filter-preview {
.tb-filter-text {
max-height: 200px;
}
}
}
``` |
```c++
/*=============================================================================
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
==============================================================================*/
#if !defined(BOOST_FUSION_EMPTY_IMPL_31122005_1554)
#define BOOST_FUSION_EMPTY_IMPL_31122005_1554
#include <boost/fusion/support/config.hpp>
#include <boost/mpl/empty.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace fusion
{
struct mpl_sequence_tag;
namespace extension
{
template <typename Sequence>
struct empty_impl;
template <>
struct empty_impl<mpl_sequence_tag>
{
template <typename Sequence>
struct apply : mpl::empty<Sequence> {};
};
}
}}
#endif
``` |
Abu Mansur Nizar (; 10 May 955 – 14 October 996), known by his regnal name as al-Aziz Billah (), was the fifth caliph of the Fatimid dynasty, from 975 to his death in 996. His reign saw the capture of Damascus and the Fatimid expansion into the Levant, which brought al-Aziz into conflict with the Byzantine emperor Basil II over control of Aleppo. During the course of this expansion, al-Aziz took into his service large numbers of Turkic and Daylamite slave-soldiers, thereby breaking the near-monopoly on Fatimid military power held until then by the Kutama Berbers.
Biography
Nizar, the future al-Aziz Billah, was born on 10 May 955, the third son of the fourth Fatimid Caliph, al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah (). His mother, Durzan, usually known as ('the Lady of al-Mu'izz') was the chief concubine of al-Mu'izz, and likely of Bedouin origin. She was known for her beautiful singing voice, which earned her the nickname ('Twitter'). She is also recorded as the first Fatimid female patron of architecture. She died in 995.
In 974 his older brother Abdallah ibn al-Mu'izz —who had been the designated heir in preference to the oldest of al-Mu'izz's sons, Tamim—died, and Nizar found himself as his father's designated successor (). The succession was not confirmed in front of the members of the dynasty and court, however, until a day before al-Mu'izz's death on 18 December 975. His official proclamation as caliph was delayed until 9 August 976.
Administration and economy
According to the sources, al-Aziz Billah was "tall, with red hair and blue eyes, generous, brave, fond of horses and hunting and very humane and tolerant in disposition". He was marked for his skill as an administrator, reforming the finances of the Fatimid state, standardizing and streamlining the payment of officials, and taking steps to ensure their integrity. At the same time, he was known for his extravagant lifestyle and obsession for precious objects and materials, rare animals and delicacies; it is said that on one occasion, he had carrier pigeons bring him cherries from Ba'albek. The Egyptian economy was also nurtured, and tax revenue thereby increased, through the expansion of streets and canals and the establishment of a stable currency. The general economic well-being was also apparent in an elaborate building programme.
The most influential official during most of his reign was Ya'qub ibn Killis, who was the first in Fatimid history to be designated as 'vizier', in 979. Apart from two brief periods when Ibn Killis fell into disgrace, in 979 and 984, he remained al-Aziz's chief minister until his death in 991. Just like his master, Ibn Killis lived in great luxury, facilitated by a salary of 100,000 gold dinars. Ibn Killis is credited with the capable administration of the public finances, which ensured a full treasury despite the vast sums expended by the luxury-loving Caliph, but also for his role as a patron of men of letters, and the author of a book that codified Fatimid laws. In contrast, his successors did not long remain in office. In the next five years, the post of vizier was occupied by six men: Ali ibn Umar al-Addas, Abu'l-Fadl Ja'far ibn al-Furat, al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan al-Baziyar, Abu Muhammad ibn Ammar, al-Fadl ibn Salih, and Isa ibn Nasturus ibn Surus.
Military reforms
Al-Aziz also undertook major military reforms. Berbers, and especially the Kutama tribe, were traditionally the mainstay of the Fatimid armies, and had played the main role in the takeover of Ifriqiya and the conquest of Egypt and the southern Levant under al-Aziz's predecessors. Until the 970s, the Kutama provided the cavalry, with the infantry composed of Slavic (), Greek () and Black African ( or ) slaves.
However, the forays into the Levant revealed the inadequacies of an army based mostly on the Kutama, and from 978, al-Aziz began to introduce mercenaries from the Islamic East, especially Turkic and Daylamite slave-soldiers (). The adoption of the system had far-reaching repercussions, as the Turkic rapidly assumed senior positions in the state and began to rival the Kutama for influence, especially as the flow of new recruits from the Kutama homeland ebbed after . Consequently, a fierce antagonism developed between the two groups, termed ('Westerners') and ('Easterners') respectively, which would erupt in open warfare after al-Aziz's death.
Religious policies
The employment of the Christian Ibn Nesturus, just as that of the Jew Manashsha as Secretary for Syria, was a prominent example of the Fatimids' tolerance in religious matters, further encouraged under al-Aziz by his Melkite Christian wife. Two of her brothers, Orestes and Arsenius, were appointed as Patriarch of Jerusalem and metropolitan bishop of Cairo, respectively. The Coptic Christians also benefited from the Caliph's favour: for example, in allowing them to rebuild the Saint Mercurius Church despite Muslim opposition, or in refusing to punish a Muslim man who converted to Christianity. This leniency, crowned by the appointment to high office of Ibn Nesturus and Manashsha, was resented by the Muslim populace, incensed by hostile tracts circulating among them. The Caliph was briefly forced to depose his two ministers and imprison them, but soon their undoubted skill ensured their release and reinstatement. Anti-Christian animus was most evident in 996, when merchants from Amalfi were suspected of being responsible for a fire that destroyed the arsenal at Cairo; in a city-wide anti-Christian pogrom, the Amalfitans were murdered and churches were ransacked.
This tolerance did not extend towards the Sunni Muslim population, however, as al-Aziz followed a fervently Isma'ili agenda: he erected inscriptions denouncing the Companions of the Prophet, abolished the Tarawih prayers in 982, and initiated the celebration of the Ashura festival in Cairo. In 991, a man found in possession of the Sunni legal treatise Muwatta Imam Malik was executed.
The reign of Al-Aziz was also culturally significant. Ibn Killis founded the al-Azhar University in Cairo (988) which went on to become the most important centre of learning in the Islamic world. Likewise a library with 200,000 volumes was built in Cairo.
According to Professor Samy S. Swayd, Fatimid missionaries made their Dawah in China during the reign of al-Aziz.
Expansion into Syria
In foreign affairs, al-Aziz concentrated on the extension of Fatimid control over Syria, the conquest of which had begun immediately after the Fatimid conquest of Egypt in 969.
Background
Possession of Syria, and particularly Palestine, was a constant foreign policy objective for many rulers of Egypt both before and after the Fatimids, to foreclose the most likely invasion route into the country by the empires of Western Asia. In the Fatimid case, this drive was given additional impetus by their ambitions to lead the entire Islamic world and unseat the Abbasid Caliphate by conquering Iraq and the eastern Islamic lands, which was possible only via Syria. At the same time, the balance of power in the region was altered with the simultaneous expansion of the Byzantine Empire into northern Syria against the Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo, culminating in the capture of Antioch in 969. The Fatimids used the Byzantine advance as a major item in their propaganda, claiming to be the only power capable of championing the against the 'infidel' threat. However, Fatimid policy with regard to Syria during the early part of al-Aziz's reign was dominated by the vizier Ibn Killis, who, according to historian Hugh N. Kennedy, "believed that the Fatimids should concentrate on controlling Palestine and southern Syria, while leaving the north of the Hamdanids and their successors to form a buffer state against the Byzantines, with whom the caliph should try to keep on good terms".
Despite initial successes, the first Fatimid invasion of Syria, under the Kutama general Ja'far ibn Fallah, quickly came to a halt through a combination of rebellions by the citizens of Damascus and the Bedouin tribes of the Syrian Desert. In August 971, the Fatimids were defeated in battle against the Bedouin and their Qarmatian allies, leading to the near total collapse of Fatimid control in southern Syria and Palestine, and even a short-lived Qarmatian invasion of Egypt.
When al-Aziz came to power, Damascus was ruled by the Turk Alptakin, who with only 300 of his fellow Turks had taken power by exploiting the unpopularity of the Fatimids' Kutama troops, gained popular support by restoring order in the city, and held it against the Fatimids, recognizing Abbasid suzerainty. Further south, Palestine was under Fatimid control, but the powerful Bedouin chieftain of the Banu Tayy tribe, Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah, was opposed to them and held the provincial capital Ramla.
Reconquest of Damascus
In 975 al-Aziz took control of Baniyas in an attempt to subdue the anti-Fatimid agitation of the Sunni Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nablusi and his followers.
In 976, the Fatimid general Jawhar, the conqueror of Egypt, campaigned against Damascus, but after two months of clashes before the city he had to retreat due to the arrival of Alptakin's Qarmatian allies. Followed by Alptakin's forces, Jawhar was pushed back to Tiberias, Ramla and finally Ascalon, where he was besieged. The siege lasted for seventeen months and ended in early 978 with a negotiated agreement, which abandoned the entire territory from Ascalon to Damascus to Alptakin. Only Gaza remained under direct Fatimid control, although Alptakin was prepared to acknowledge the nominal suzerainty of al-Aziz over the territories he ruled. Jawhar and his men had also to undergo the humiliation of passing under a sword and lance in token of their defeat while departing Ascalon for Egypt.
The Fatimid court could not accept this humiliating agreement, which not only left Egypt vulnerable to attack, but also deprived senior members of the Fatimid elite—including Ibn Killis himself—of important properties around Damascus. As a result, al-Aziz took the field in person and, at the head of an enormous army, defeated and captured Alptakin in August 978. The Qarmatians were bribed with promises of an annual payment of tribute to retreat to Bahrayn, thus bringing an end to their incursions into Syria. The events of the previous years also demonstrated to Ibn Killis the dangers of continuing to rely on the Kutama. As a result, the Caliph unexpectedly showed clemency to Alptakin, taking him and his Turkish followers into Fatimid service. Alptakin himself was taken to Cairo, where he was lavishly honoured by the Caliph, arousing the envy of Ibn Killis, who had Alptakin poisoned. Nevertheless, as noted before, this event was of momentous importance and marked a major departure from previous Fatimid practice; especially in Syria, the Turkish remained influential and men from their ranks often occupied the position of governor of Damascus.
Damascus itself was taken over by one of Alptakin's lieutenants, Qassam, with the support of the local population and the city militia (), who wished to avoid a renewed Berber occupation. The Fatimid general al-Fadl ibn Salih, a protégé of Ibn Killis, was sent with a Berber army against Qassam, but other than a show of force against the coastal cities failed to achieve anything and retreated to Palestine. Matters became complicated with the arrival of Abu Taghlib, the ousted Hamdanid ruler of Mosul, who contacted al-Aziz with an offer to capture the city if they supported him with troops. This was opposed by Ibn al-Jarrah, lest the Hamdanid and his followers from the Banu Uqayl tribe, rivals to the Tayy, threaten his own position, particularly his possession of Ramla and the pasture lands of his tribe. Al-Fadl apparently played a duplicitous game, encouraging Abu Taghlib in his designs on Ramla in an effort to sow dissension among the Arab tribes and strengthen Fatimid authority; however, in August 979, when Ibn al-Jarrah attacked Abu Taghlib and his men at Ramla, al-Fadl came to his aid with his own troops. Abu Taghlib was taken captive and executed. This battle established Ibn al-Jarrah and his Tayy as a major player in the region's power politics: despite his recognition of Fatimid suzerainty, the Tayy chieftain was a virtually independent ruler and remained a constant nuisance for the Fatimid government for decades.
Damascus continued to resist Fatimid attempts to capture it, notably under the Kutama chieftain Sulayman ibn Ja'far ibn Fallah in 979/80. At the same time, despite al-Fadl's efforts to use the Uqayl to contain them, the Tayy and their unchecked depredations grew to be a menace to the settled and agricultural districts of southern Syria: Ramla was "reduced to a ghost town", in the words of Kennedy, and the Ghouta plain around Damascus and the Hawran region were so devastated that Damascus faced famine, alleviated only through supplies sent from Homs, ruled by the Turk Bakjur for the Hamdanids of Aleppo. As a result of the successive failures of Berber commanders to capture Damascus and restore order in the province, the Fatimid court appointed a Turk, Baltakin, a former follower of Alptakin, as commander of the next expedition into Syria. Baltakin defeated Ibn al-Jarrah, who fled north to Antioch and the protection of the Byzantines, while Qassam was finally forced to surrender Damascus in early 983, albeit under generous terms that allowed him to remain in control under a Fatimid-appointed governor.
Contest for Aleppo
After securing Fatimid rule in central and southern Syria, Caliph al-Aziz aimed to capture Aleppo as well, but was restrained by Ibn Killis while he lived. The question of Aleppo was complicated, as it risked provoking a direct confrontation with Byzantium. Since 969, the Hamdanid emirate had been tributary to the Byzantines. Its ruler, Sa'd al-Dawla (), resented this dependence, but was forced to abide with it in order to prevent an outright Fatimid conquest. As a result, his policy vacillated between the two powers. Nevertheless, the Fatimids benefited from the weakness of the Hamdanids, as many Hamdanid supporters began entering Fatimid service. For example, Raja al-Siqlabi defected with 300 of his men, and was appointed governor of Acre and Caesarea.
The most important such defection was that of the Hamdanid governor of Homs, Bakjur, in 983. Bakjur contacted al-Aziz directly and offered to enter Fatimid service against Aleppo in exchange for the governorship of Damascus. Attracted by the possibility of taking over not only Homs but possibly Aleppo as well, al-Aziz agreed to Bakjur's offer over the vehement opposition of Ibn Killis, who was briefly deposed and imprisoned in conjunction with a harvest failure that led to famine in the capital. The Caliph provided Bakjur with an army, with which he attacked Aleppo in September. Sa'd al-Dawla was forced to appeal to the Byzantine emperor Basil II () for help, who sent his general Bardas Phokas the Younger to assist Aleppo. Forewarned of the Byzantines' approach by the exiled Ibn al-Jarrah, Bakjur raised the siege and fled to Fatimid territory. The Byzantines proceeded to sack Homs in October, and returned the city to Hamdanid control. In 987/88, a seven-year truce was concluded with the Byzantines. It stipulated an exchange of prisoners, the recognition of the Byzantine emperor as protector of Christians under Fatimid rule and of the Fatimid caliph as protector of Muslims under Byzantine control, and the replacement of the name of the Abbasid caliph with that of the Fatimid caliph in the Friday prayer in the mosque at Constantinople.
Despite his failure, Bakjur was named governor of Damascus by al-Aziz, and was joined by Ibn al-Jarrah. Ibn Killis, who was released and restored to his office after barely two months, immediately began working against the two. Bakjur gradually made himself unpopular to the Damascenes due to his cruelty, and after several failed efforts, in 989 Ibn Killis finally persuaded al-Aziz to replace Bakjur with one of the vizier's personal , Ya'qub al-Siqlabi. Bakjur fled to Raqqa, from where he continued his unsuccessful attacks on Aleppo. At the same time, Baltakin was sent to pacify the Bedouin tribes who were raiding the Hajj caravans, leading to the establishment of a Fatimid garrison at Wadi al-Qura, north of Medina.
Ibn Killis' death in 991 freed al-Aziz to pursue a more aggressive stance in the Aleppo question. Immediately he dismissed Ibn Killis' protégé and appointed the Turk Manjutakin as governor of Damascus. Manjutakin's use of Damascus as his base during the subsequent campaigns shows the consolidation of Fatimid control in the area, but also, as Hugh Kennedy remarks, the changes it brought to the "political and economic geography of Syria": given the continued insecurity of the overland routes due to the depredations of the Bedouin, the Fatimids supplied their forces in Syria by sea—notably via Tripoli—and as a result the chief coastal towns rose in importance, as centres of Fatimid control and administration as well as commerce, experiencing a revival which continued into the 12th century.
Manjutakin invaded the Hamdanid emirate, defeated a Byzantine force under the of Antioch, Michael Bourtzes, in June 992, and laid siege to Aleppo. However, he failed to pursue the siege with vigour and the city was easily able to resist until, in the spring of 993, after thirteen months of campaigning, Manjutakin was forced to return to Damascus due to lack of supplies. In spring 994, Manjutakin launched another invasion, again defeated Bourtzes at the Battle of the Orontes in September and again besieged Aleppo. The blockade was far more effective this time and soon caused a severe lack of food, but the city's defenders held out until the sudden arrival of the Byzantine emperor, Basil II, in person in April 995. Basil crossed Asia Minor in only sixteen days at the head of an army; his sudden arrival, and the exaggerated numbers circulating for his army, caused panic in the Fatimid army. Manjutakin burned his camp and retreated to Damascus without giving battle.
The Byzantines besieged Tripoli but failed to capture it; nevertheless, the Fatimids lost control of the city, which became independent under its . The Byzantine emperor then occupied and fortified Tartus. Al-Aziz himself now prepared to take the field against the Byzantines himself, beginning large-scale preparations at Cairo. Byzantine and Hamdanid embassies carrying proposals for a truce were received in September 995, but rejected. Al-Aziz's preparations were set back when the fleet being prepared at Cairo was destroyed by a fire, which set off an anti-Christian pogrom in the city. Manjutakin was ordered to recapture Tartus, but its Armenian garrison was able to fend off his attacks; and a Fatimid fleet sent to assist the siege was lost in a storm off the coast. Al-Aziz died on 14 October 996, before setting out on his campaign. The Byzantine–Fatimid conflict continued under his successor until the conclusion of a ten-year truce in 1000.
Expansion in Arabia and withdrawal from North Africa
Along with Syria, al-Aziz presided over an expansion of Fatimid influence in the Arabian peninsula. The Hajj—or at least those caravans setting off from Cairo with the pilgrims of the western Islamic world—was placed under Fatimid control and protection, despite the considerable cost it entailed. The emirs of Mecca, although de facto autonomous, recognized the Fatimids' suzerainty, in token of which the Fatimids enjoyed the prestigious privilege of furnishing each year the new cover of the Kaaba (the ). Finally, in 992 the Fatimids were acknowledged as caliphs in the Yemen, and even their old enemies, the Qarmatians of Bahrayn, came around to acknowledge their claims. According to Kennedy, these diplomatic victories were the result of the more energetic foreign policy pursued by al-Aziz, particularly after the death of Ibn Killis, which bolstered his credentials by demonstrating "his ability and willingness to undertake the two major public responsibilities of a caliph, to safeguard the Hajj and to lead the Muslims against the infidel Byzantines".
On the other hand, North Africa, including the former Fatimid heartland of Ifriqiya, was mostly neglected. Effective power there had passed to the Zirid viceroy of Ifriqiya, Buluggin ibn Ziri (), who was confirmed in office by al-Aziz, as was his son al-Mansur (). In 992, al-Aziz even confirmed al-Mansur's son Badis as heir-apparent, thereby strengthening the Zirids' claim to dynastic succession. Indeed, as Kennedy remarks, "nothing is more striking than the speed with which [the Fatimids] were prepared to allow North Africa to go its own way". Apart from diplomatic exchanges of gifts, the Zirids governed their domains increasingly independently from the Fatimid court, even to the point of warring with the Kutama, the erstwhile mainstay of the Fatimid regime. In a similar manner, al-Aziz contended himself with recognizing the succession of the Kalbid emirs of Sicily after the event. Nearer to Egypt, the governor of Barqa (Cyrenaica) is known to have brought presents to the court of Cairo, but otherwise there are no indications of the Fatimids' exercising any control over him.
Al-Aziz died on 13 October 996. His son Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996-1021) succeeded him as Caliph.
Family
Information about al-Aziz's consorts is unclear. His oldest surviving child was a daughter, Sitt al-Mulk, born in 970. Her mother is designated as an umm walad in the sources, indicating that at some point she also bore al-Aziz a son, who apparently died in infancy. She is commonly identified with the Sayyida al-ʿAzīzīya ("the Lady of Aziz") who is frequently mentioned in the sources, and died in 995. In 979, al-Aziz married a cousin of his (the precise relation is unknown). He also had a third wife, a Byzantine Greek Christian, who was the mother of his successor, al-Hakim.
See also
List of Ismaili imams
List of rulers of Islamic Egypt
Footnotes
References
Sources
Further reading
955 births
996 deaths
Shia Muslims
Arab generals
10th-century Arab people
10th-century Fatimid caliphs
Fatimid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
Ismaili imams
Syria under the Fatimid Caliphate
Sons of Fatimid caliphs |
Ray Mariuz (born December 25, 1980) is a former professional Canadian football linebacker He was drafted 28th overall by the Toronto Argonauts in the 2003 CFL Draft and won a Grey Cup championship in 2004. In 2011, Mariuz retired from professional football. However, he would come out of retirement later in the 2011 CFL season and finish the season with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He played CIS football for the McMaster Marauders.
Mariuz now works as a sales distributor for Conmed Linvatech.
References
External links
Hamilton Tiger-Cats bio
1980 births
Living people
Canadian football linebackers
Canadian people of Polish descent
McMaster Marauders football players
Toronto Argonauts players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Sportspeople from Mississauga
Canadian real estate agents |
Bělá, derived from bílá ('white'), may refer to places in the Czech Republic:
Bělá (Havlíčkův Brod District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region
Bělá (Opava District), a municipality and village in the Moravian-Silesian Region
Bělá (Pelhřimov District), a municipality and village in the Vysočina Region
Bělá (Semily District), a municipality and village in the Liberec Region
Bělá, a village and part of Bělá pod Pradědem in the Olomouc Region
Bělá, a village and part of Liberk in the Hradec Králové Region
Bělá, a village and part of Luže (Chrudim District) in the Pardubice Region
Bělá, a village and part of Malonty in the South Bohemian Region
Bělá (Mírová pod Kozákovem), a village and part of Mírová pod Kozákovem in the Liberec Region
Bělá, a village and part of Nová Pec in the South Bohemian Region
Bělá nad Radbuzou, a town in the Plzeň Region
Bělá nad Svitavou, a municipality and village in the Pardubice Region
Bělá pod Bezdězem, a town in the Central Bohemian Region
Bělá pod Pradědem, a municipality and village in the Olomouc Region
Bělá u Jevíčka, a municipality and village in the Pardubice Region
Česká Bělá, a market town in the Vysočina Region
Děčín X-Bělá, a part of Děčín in the Ústí nad Labem Region
Dolní Bělá, a municipality and village in the Plzeň Region
Bělá Castle, a castle in Dolní Bělá
Horní Bělá, a municipality and village in the Plzeň Region
Rohovládova Bělá, a municipality and village in the Pardubice Region
Biela (river), Czech name Bělá, a river of Germany and the Czech Republic
See also
Belá (disambiguation), the Slovak form of Bělá
Biała (disambiguation), the Polish form of Bělá |
Weapons of Mass Creation also known as WOMC is a hip hop band based in Anaheim, California that plays a blend of hip hop, soul, funk and cumbia among other styles. The band views music as a form of activism and has explored themes of generational trauma, police brutality and misogyny through their music.
Career
Before 2014 WOMC performed under the band name Franco Funktion, composed solely of the Franco siblings Julia, Jacob, Joseph, Luis, and Moses. The musical project was put on hold after the siblings went off to pursue higher education at different institutions in the UC system: UCLA, UCSC and UCSD. In 2014, Josh Quiñonez, family friend and former rapper with group Analytiks, was invited to join the Francos to form Weapons of Mass Creation. Their debut EP titled Five out of Five was released in March 2016 and covered themes of immigration, police brutality, sexism and capitalism. Also in 2016, they released "Rest in Paint" a track dedicated to Gustavo Najera, an old friend who was murdered by Anaheim police.
WOMC released their 2nd EP, Labor of Love on September 28, 2019, at the Long Beach Museum of Art. That same year, they added band member and younger Franco sibling Silas to the group. WOMC received recognition from the OC Weekly as the BEST HIP HOP Act of 2019. The band began performing Labor of Love throughout Orange County and Los Angeles, until the COVID-19 pandemic forced their performances to a standstill. The band used this as an opportunity to focus on their individual artistry and reinvent their collective sound. In June 2021, they released their single, "All I Do" which strayed from their usual sound to a more bouncy, upbeat love song. In February 2023, WOMC released a single titled "Suave".
Members
The members of the band include:
Julia Franco (Joules): Vocals, songwriting
Jacob Franco: Bass, vocals, songwriting
Joseph Franco (Crudo): Keys, composer/producer
Luis Franco: Guitar, vocals, songwriting
Moses Franco (Moe Budda): Drums, emcee, composer/producer
Josh Quiñonez (Solitude): Vocals, songwriting
Silas Franco: Saxophone, vocals
Enrique Quiñonez (EQ): Vocals, songwriting
HiiKu (JEFFPESOS): Keys, composer/producer
Discography
Extended plays
Source: Bandcamp
References
External links
WOMC website
WOMC SoundCloud
American hip hop singers
Anaheim, California
Musical groups established in 2014
Musicians from Anaheim, California
Family musical groups |
Traminette is a cross of the French American hybrid Joannes Seyve 23.416 and the German Vitis vinifera cultivar Gewürztraminer made by Herb C. Barrett ca. 1965 at the University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign. His intention was to produce a large clustered table grape with the flavor of Gewürztraminer. He sent the cross to the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station grape breeding program at Cornell for development when he departed from Illinois. Traminette was found to have excellent wine quality, combined with good productivity, partial resistance to several fungal diseases, and cold hardiness superior to its acclaimed parent, Gewürztraminer, while retaining a similar character.
Traminette produces solid yields, ranging in studies from 12 to 22 lbs/vine average.
Traminette wine has been chosen by the Indiana Wine Grape Council as the signature wine of the state. The wine is also produced in some regions of Ohio, the Yadkin Valley AVA of North Carolina, the Finger Lakes AVA and Niagara Escarpment AVA of New York, and parts of Virginia, as well as in Pennsylvania and Southern New England.
References
External links
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hort/faculty/reisch/bulletin/traminette.html
White wine grape varieties
Hybrid grape varieties
American wine
Table grape varieties
Symbols of Indiana |
On 6 December 1997 a Russian Air Force Antonov An-124-100, en route from Irkutsk Northwest Airport to Cam Ranh Air Base in Vietnam, crashed in a residential area after take-off from Irkutsk-2 airport.
Leased by Ukrainian Cargo Airways, the aircraft was carrying two Sukhoi Su-27UBK fighters (8524 and 8525) for delivery to the Vietnam People's Air Force, with a planned stopover at Vladivostok.
Three seconds after lift-off from Runway 14 at Irkutsk, the No.3 engine surged at approximately altitude. The aircraft continued to climb, but at a high angle of attack, disrupting airflow to No.1 and No.2 engines which also surged.
Unable to continue climbing the aircraft descended until it struck houses in Mira Street, beyond the runway end, killing all 23 on board and 49 persons on the ground.
Aircraft
The Antonov An-124-100 aircraft that crashed was first leased by Aeroflot in 1985 with her maiden flight on 30 October 1985. On 14 February 1988, ownership was transferred to the Soviet Air Forces, under the 566th Military Transport Aviation Regiment, 12th Military Transport Aviation Division "Crazy Russian Girls" based in Seshcha, Bryansk Oblast airbase, with a tail number of CCCP-82005 (RA-82005). On the day of the accident the Antonov had accumulated 576 takeoff/landing cycles for the Russian Air Force and had flown over 1,034 hours.
Accident
On 6 December 1997, the An-124-100 RA-82005 was transporting two Su-27UBK fighters with a total weight of 40 tons en route to Vietnam.
At 14:42 IKT aircraft took off from Irkutsk. However, just three seconds after lift-off from the runway at a height of , there was a surge in engine number 3 which caused an increase of the angular velocity of the Antonov. This resulted in a shutdown of engine number 2. Eight seconds after takeoff at the altitude of , following a surge in engine number 1, the aircraft went into descent.
Although the pilots had tried to maintain control over the aircraft with a single remaining functioning engine, the aircraft crashed into apartment block number 45 on Grazhdanskaya Street. The tail section of the Antonov significantly damaged block number 120 and a neighboring orphanage.
Aftermath
The crash resulted in the deaths of all of the crew on board the aircraft as well as 49 people on the ground (including 12 children from the orphanage). More than 70 families were left homeless due to the damage dealt on the two blocks by the crashed aircraft. The damage was aggravated by the ignition of tons of aviation fuel leaked during the crash.
Investigation
A special commission was established to investigate the causes of the disaster.
The two flight recorders, including the cockpit voice recorder, were in the center of the fire and were too badly damaged to provide meaningful data. The cause of failure of the three engines was never fully confirmed and the final conclusion of the commission has not been made public.
However, temperatures in Irkutsk were below and it was theorized that the disaster was caused by mixing cold-weather fuel with regular fuel, which was present in the tanks of An-124 after previous flight from Vietnam. That mix would have produced ice crystals which would clog the fuel filters, which would cut the fuel flow to the engines.
In an interview with the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper, the test pilot Alexander Akimenkov said that the accident could have been caused by the call of a passenger with the Chinese radiotelephone, which affected how the electronics work.
Major General Boris Tumanov, former Chief of the Russian Air Force Flight Safety Service (1993–2002) and a member of the Commission of Inquiry into Air Accidents with military aircraft, told the Moskovsky Komsomolets that the accident was caused by failure of three engines as a result of the surge.
In 2009, Fedor Muravchenko, General Designer of Ivchenko-Progress Design Bureau (which is the developer of aircraft engines for the An-124), gave his own version of the causes of the disaster. Based on the results of this enterprise research and experiments and his own theoretical calculations, he concluded that the disaster situation was caused by high (in excess of standard) water content in the aviation fuel (kerosene) that resulted in the ice formation and clogging the fuel filters, causing the engines to surge.
See also
2022 Yeysk military aircraft crash - another Russian military aircraft that crashed into a residential area.
El Al Flight 1862 – another crash with many fatalities on the ground.
List of aircraft accidents and incidents by number of ground fatalities
Turkish Airlines Flight 6491 – another crash with many fatalities on the ground.
References
Bibliography
External links
Documentary of the crash
Aviation Safety
Aviation accidents and incidents in Russia in 1997
Aviation accidents and incidents in Russia
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure
December 1997 events in Asia
Accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-124
Irkutsk
Disasters in Siberia |
Cymindis arnoldii is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Kabak in 1999.
References
arnoldii
Beetles described in 1999 |
Sayyid Dr. Muhammad-Ibrahim Bahr al-Uloom (; born 1954) is an Iraqi politician, academician, and petroleum expert. He has served twice as the Iraqi Minister of Oil. He first took the ministerial role as part of the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003 until June 2004. Bahraluloom went on to serve a second term as the minister in 2005 where he then submitted his resignation in protest against a governmental decision to increase the price of oil products by five folds.
Early life and education
Bahraluloom was born in 1954 in Najaf to Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, and to the daughter of Muhammad-Husayn al-Shirazi. From both sides he hails from prominent scholarly families. From his paternal side he is from the Bahr al-Uloom family. From his mothers side, he hails from the Shirazi family. He claims agnatic descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and her husband, Ali, the first Shia Imam.
Bahraluloom was educated in the United States, earning a Ph.D. in Petroleum Engineering from the New Mexico Tech. He previously worked for the Kuwaiti Oil Ministry after graduating from the University of Baghdad in BSc Petroleum Engineering. He worked for the Petroleum Recovery Research Center in New Mexico, and later as an oil and gas consultant in London, United Kingdom.
Political career
Bahraluloom ran for parliament by forming his own independent political group, the Future Iraq Grouping. He was elected as a member of the National Iraqi Assembly in 2005, and was elected for another term as a member of parliament from 2014 - 2018. He was a member of the Oil & Energy Parliamentary committee where he headed the committee in forming the legislation for the Iraqi National Oil Company Law. The law was passed in March 2018.
He is a founding member of the Alalamain Institute for Higher Education. The first and only private higher education institute specialising in law and political science for postgraduate studies in Iraq. Bahraluloom is the chairman of the Iraqi Energy Academy, a scientific establishment whose mission is to develop human resources for the energy sector through the process of training and qualification.
Bahraluloom also founded the Bahr al-Uloum Forum for Dialogue, a unique political forum established in 2010 to promote dialogues, discussions and strategies for the political future of Iraq between the highest authorities, foreign diplomats, and the Iraqi elite. Dr Ibrahim is the chairman of the Bahr al-Uloom Award Foundation; that aims to stimulate scientific research and encourage researchers to advance the scientific and cultural contribution and creativity in the fields of medicine, agriculture, energy and sustainable development.
Ibrahim survived an assassination attempt in Iraq in 2003 and another in 2005.
References
Oil ministers of Iraq
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology alumni
1954 births
Living people
Iraqi Shia Muslims |
Stereolithography (SLA or SL; also known as vat photopolymerisation, optical fabrication, photo-solidification, or resin printing) is a form of 3D printing technology used for creating models, prototypes, patterns, and production parts in a layer by layer fashion using photochemical processes by which light causes chemical monomers and oligomers to cross-link together to form polymers. Those polymers then make up the body of a three-dimensional solid. Research in the area had been conducted during the 1970s, but the term was coined by Chuck Hull in 1984 when he applied for a patent on the process, which was granted in 1986. Stereolithography can be used to create prototypes for products in development, medical models, and computer hardware, as well as in many other applications. While stereolithography is fast and can produce almost any design, it can be expensive.
History
Stereolithography or "SLA" printing is an early and widely used 3D printing technology. In the early 1980s, Japanese researcher Hideo Kodama first invented the modern layered approach to stereolithography by using ultraviolet light to cure photosensitive polymers. In 1984, just before Chuck Hull filed his own patent, Alain Le Mehaute, Olivier de Witte and Jean Claude André filed a patent for the stereolithography process. The French inventors' patent application was abandoned by the French General Electric Company (now Alcatel-Alsthom) and CILAS (The Laser Consortium). Le Mehaute believes that the abandonment reflects a problem with innovation in France.
The term “stereolithography” (Greek: stereo-solid and lithography) was coined in 1984 by Chuck Hull when he filed his patent for the process. Hull patented stereolithography as a method of creating 3D objects by successively "printing" thin layers of an object using a medium curable by ultraviolet light, starting from the bottom layer to the top layer. Hull's patent described a concentrated beam of ultraviolet light focused onto the surface of a vat filled with a liquid photopolymer. The beam is focused onto the surface of the liquid photopolymer, creating each layer of the desired 3D object by means of crosslinking (generation of intermolecular bonds in polymers). It was invented with the intent of allowing engineers to create prototypes of their designs in a more time effective manner. After the patent was granted in 1986, Hull co-founded the world's first 3D printing company, 3D Systems, to commercialize it.
Stereolithography's success in the automotive industry allowed 3D printing to achieve industry status and the technology continues to find innovative uses in many fields of study. Attempts have been made to construct mathematical models of stereolithography processes and to design algorithms to determine whether a proposed object may be constructed using 3D printing.
Technology
Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process that, in its most common form, works by focusing an ultraviolet (UV) laser on to a vat of photopolymer resin. With the help of computer aided manufacturing or computer-aided design (CAM/CAD) software, the UV laser is used to draw a pre-programmed design or shape on to the surface of the photopolymer vat. Photopolymers are sensitive to ultraviolet light, so the resin is photochemically solidified and forms a single layer of the desired 3D object. Then, the build platform lowers one layer and a blade recoats the top of the tank with resin. This process is repeated for each layer of the design until the 3D object is complete. Completed parts must be washed with a solvent to clean wet resin from their surfaces.
It is also possible to print objects "bottom up" by using a vat with a transparent bottom and focusing the UV or deep-blue polymerization laser upward through the bottom of the vat. An inverted stereolithography machine starts a print by lowering the build platform to touch the bottom of the resin-filled vat, then moving upward the height of one layer. The UV laser then writes the bottom-most layer of the desired part through the transparent vat bottom. Then the vat is "rocked", flexing and peeling the bottom of the vat away from the hardened photopolymer; the hardened material detaches from the bottom of the vat and stays attached to the rising build platform, and new liquid photopolymer flows in from the edges of the partially built part. The UV laser then writes the second-from-bottom layer and repeats the process. An advantage of this bottom-up mode is that the build volume can be much bigger than the vat itself, and only enough photopolymer is needed to keep the bottom of the build vat continuously full of photopolymer. This approach is typical of desktop SLA printers, while the right-side-up approach is more common in industrial systems.
Stereolithography requires the use of supporting structures which attach to the elevator platform to prevent deflection due to gravity, resist lateral pressure from the resin-filled blade, or retain newly created sections during the "vat rocking" of bottom up printing. Supports are typically created automatically during the preparation of CAD models and can also be made manually. In either situation, the supports must be removed manually after printing.
Other forms of stereolithography build each layer by LCD masking, or using a DLP projector.
Materials
The liquid materials used for SLA printing are commonly referred to as "resins" and are thermoset polymers. A wide variety of resins are commercially available and it is also possible to use homemade resins to test different compositions for example. Material properties vary according to formulation configurations: "materials can be soft or hard, heavily filled with secondary materials like glass and ceramic, or imbued with mechanical properties like high heat deflection temperature or impact resistance". Recently, some studies have tested the possibility to green or reusable materials to produce "sustainable" resins. It is possible to classify the resins in the following categories:
Standard resins, for general prototyping
Engineering resins, for specific mechanical and thermal properties
Dental and medical resins, for biocompatibility certifications
Castable resins, for zero ash-content after burnout
Biomaterial resins, formulated as aqueous solutions of synthetic polymers like polyethylene glycol, or biological polymers such as gelatin, dextran, or hyaluronic acid.
Uses
Medical modeling
Stereolithographic models have been used in medicine since the 1990s, for creating accurate 3D models of various anatomical regions of a patient, based on data from computer scans. Medical modelling involves first acquiring a CT, MRI, or other scan. This data consists of a series of cross sectional images of the human anatomy. In these images different tissues show up as different levels of grey. Selecting a range of grey values enables specific tissues to be isolated. A region of interest is then selected and all the pixels connected to the target point within that grey value range are selected. This enables a specific organ to be selected. This process is referred to as segmentation. The segmented data may then be translated into a format suitable for stereolithography. While stereolithography is normally accurate, the accuracy of a medical model depends on many factors, especially the operator performing the segmentation correctly. There are potential errors possible when making medical models using stereolithography but these can be avoided with practice and well trained operators.
Stereolithographic models are used as an aid to diagnosis, preoperative planning and implant design and manufacture. This might involve planning and rehearsing osteotomies, for example. Surgeons use models to help plan surgeries but prosthetists and technologists also use models as an aid to the design and manufacture of custom-fitting implants. For instance, medical models created through stereolithography can be used to help in the construction of Cranioplasty plates.
In 2019, scientists at Rice University published an article in the journal Science, presenting soft hydrogel materials for stereolithography used in biological research applications.
Prototyping
Stereolithography is often used for prototyping parts. For a relatively low price, stereolithography can produce accurate prototypes, even of irregular shapes. Businesses can use those prototypes to assess the design of their product or as publicity for the final product.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
One of the advantages of stereolithography is its speed; functional parts can be manufactured within a day. The length of time it takes to produce a single part depends upon the complexity of the design and the size. Printing time can last anywhere from hours to more than a day. SLA printed parts, unlike those obtained from FFF/FDM, do not exhibit significant anisotropy and there's no visible layering pattern. The surface quality is, in general, superior. Prototypes and designs made with stereolithography are strong enough to be machined and can also be used to make master patterns for injection molding or various metal casting processes.
Disadvantages
Although stereolithography can be used to produce virtually any synthetic design, it is often costly, though the price is coming down. Since 2012, however, public interest in 3D printing has inspired the design of several consumer SLA machines which can cost considerably less.
Beginning in 2016, substitution of the SLA and DLP methods using a high resolution, high contrast LCD panel has brought prices down to below 200. The layers are created in their entirety since the entire layer is displayed on the LCD screen and is exposed using UV LEDs that lie below. Resolutions of .01mm are attainable.
Another disadvantage is that the photopolymers are sticky, messy, and need to be handled with care. Newly made parts need to be washed, further cured, and dried. The environmental impact of all these processes requires more study to be understood, but in general SLA technologies have not created any biodegradable or compostable forms of resin, while other 3-D printing methods offer some compostable PLA options.
The choice of materials is limited compared to FFF, which can process virtually any thermoplastic.
See also
Fused filament fabrication (FFF or FDM)
Selective laser sintering (SLS)
Thermoforming
laminated object manufacturing (LOM)
References
Sources
Kalpakjian, Serope, and Steven R. Schmid (2006). Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, 5th edition. Ch. 20. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 586–587.
External links
Rapid Prototyping and Stereolithography animation – Animation demonstrates stereolithography and the actions of an SL machine
Japanese inventions
Laser applications
3D printing processes
Computer-assisted surgery
Health informatics
1986 introductions |
Aleksandra Žvirblytė is a Lithuanian pianist.
She graduated at the Lithuanian Academy of Music, completing her studies in Russian (1989-1991), German and Swiss Conservatories. She has performed internationally since. She was awarded with, respectively, a 2nd and a 3rd prize in the 1986 (inter-republical) and 1991 (international) editions of the Ciurlionis competition, and in 1999 she won the Paris' Nikolay Rubinstein competition.
Žvirblytė is an associated professor at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre.
References
Lietuvos Muzikos Atlikėjų Informacijos Centras
Lithuanian classical pianists
Lithuanian women pianists
Living people
Academic staff of the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre
Musicians from Vilnius
21st-century classical pianists
1971 births
Women classical pianists
21st-century women pianists |
Baku Convention Center is a multifunction complex located close to the City centre of Baku. It is the largest congress center in the Caucasus.
With a number of flexible conference rooms, as well as a large hall with a maximum capacity of up to 3,500 seats, the Congress Center offers opportunities for holding congresses, conferences, seminars, business meetings, concerts and other activities. The congress center has 17 conference halls with a total capacity of up to 2,500 people. Besides conference halls and an auditorium, there are rooms for meetings and workshops.
Construction
Construction of Baku Convention Center began in February, 2014 and completed in 2015. The Center covers a total area of 6,2 ha. The area of 46,600 square meters of the Center is under construction.
The Center building includes 17 conference halls with total capacity of 2,500 people, a restaurant that can serve 1,500 guests, administrative and other rooms. The center is supplied with a 405 square meter monitor, in the lobby of the building and more than 50 monitors in different places. The auditorium can also be used for electro acoustical performances and presentations. Office wing and the media center are located on the upper floor, services rooms are on the ground floor.
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of Baku Convention Center was held on 29 April 2015 with participation of President Ilham Aliyev, his wife Mehriban Aliyeva and daughter ArzuAliyeva. Finance Minister Samir Sharifov gave information about the building.
The first international event that Baku Convention Center hosted on May 2-5 was the 48th annual meeting of the Board of Directors of the Asian Development Bank.
Events
48th annual meeting of the Board of Directors of the Asian Development Bank
On May 2-5 2015 the 48th annual meeting of the Board of Directors of the Asian Development Bank was held in Baku Convention Center. Over 3,000 participants including government officials, business leaders, academics, journalists, and representatives from different countries and organizations attended the event.
Second Academic Forum of UNESCO Chairs
The Second Academic Forum of UNESCO Chairs on intercultural and inter-religious dialogue, which was co-organized by UNESCO and the Government of Azerbaijan, was held in Baku Convention Center on the occasion of the 4th World Forum on Intercultural Dialogue on May 4, 2017. The opening speech of the Forum was made by UNESCO’s Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences Nada Al-Nashif. 14 UNESCO Chairs from around the globe attended the forum. The purpose of this forum was to identify ways of positive impact of the chairs on strengthening the relationship between research and policy development.
41st World Scout Conference
Baku Convention Center hosted the 41st World Scout Conference on August 15, 2017. More than 1500 participants attended the conference. The conference touched upon issues related to the further development of intelligence organizations and the strategy of their activities, as well as elections to the administrative bodies of the organization.
18th Mid-Term Ministerial Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
18th Mid-Term Ministerial Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) titled “Promoting international peace security for sustainable development" has been held at Baku Convention Center between 3-6 April
Project team
The project was designed by Coop Himmelb(l)au Wolf D. Prix & Partner ZT GmbH. Project leader is Christian Labud, Günther Weber, architect is Martin Jelinek, design architect is Alexander Ott, coordinators are Maria Nardelli, Donna Riedel.
References
External links
Baku Convention Center
Official Website
Buildings and structures in Baku
Culture in Baku
Tourist attractions in Baku |
```java
/**
* This file is part of Skript.
*
* Skript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* Skript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with Skript. If not, see <path_to_url
*
*/
package ch.njol.skript.conditions;
import ch.njol.skript.Skript;
import ch.njol.skript.conditions.base.PropertyCondition;
import ch.njol.skript.doc.Description;
import ch.njol.skript.doc.Examples;
import ch.njol.skript.doc.Name;
import ch.njol.skript.doc.RequiredPlugins;
import ch.njol.skript.doc.Since;
import ch.njol.skript.lang.Expression;
import ch.njol.skript.lang.SkriptParser.ParseResult;
import ch.njol.util.Kleenean;
import org.bukkit.entity.HumanEntity;
import org.bukkit.entity.LivingEntity;
import org.bukkit.entity.Mob;
import org.bukkit.inventory.MainHand;
@Name("Left Handed")
@Description({
"Checks if living entities or players are left or right-handed. Armor stands are neither right nor left-handed.",
"Paper 1.17.1+ is required for non-player entities."
})
@Examples({
"on damage of player:",
"\tif victim is left handed:",
"\t\tcancel event"
})
@Since("2.8.0")
@RequiredPlugins("Paper 1.17.1+ (entities)")
public class CondIsLeftHanded extends PropertyCondition<LivingEntity> {
private static final boolean CAN_USE_ENTITIES = Skript.methodExists(Mob.class, "isLeftHanded");
static {
if (CAN_USE_ENTITIES) {
register(CondIsLeftHanded.class, PropertyType.BE, "(:left|right)( |-)handed", "livingentities");
} else {
register(CondIsLeftHanded.class, PropertyType.BE, "(:left|right)( |-)handed", "players");
}
}
private MainHand hand;
@Override
public boolean init(Expression[] exprs, int matchedPattern, Kleenean isDelayed, ParseResult parseResult) {
hand = parseResult.hasTag("left") ? MainHand.LEFT : MainHand.RIGHT;
return super.init(exprs, matchedPattern, isDelayed, parseResult);
}
@Override
public boolean check(LivingEntity livingEntity) {
// check if entity is a mob and if the method exists
if (CAN_USE_ENTITIES && livingEntity instanceof Mob)
return ((Mob) livingEntity).isLeftHanded() == (hand == MainHand.LEFT);
// check if entity is a player
if (livingEntity instanceof HumanEntity)
return ((HumanEntity) livingEntity).getMainHand() == hand;
// invalid entity
return false;
}
@Override
protected String getPropertyName() {
return (hand == MainHand.LEFT ? "left" : "right") + " handed";
}
}
``` |
Harvey Nathaniel Davis (June 6, 1881 – December 3, 1952) was an American engineer, teacher, the 3rd President of Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, and the 57th president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in the year 1938-39. Davis was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1911 and the American Philosophical Society in 1935.
Biography
Education and early career
Davis was born on June 6, 1881, in Providence, Rhode Island, to Nathaniel French Davis and Lydia Martin Bellows. He obtained his M.A. in 1903, and his Ph.D. in physics in 1906, both from Harvard University. He taught mathematics at Brown University and later returned to Harvard as a Professor of Physics and Mechanical Engineering.
In 1928 the family moved to Hoboken as Davis assumed his appointment to the position of President of Stevens Institute of Technology. Davis remained well rounded, participating in activities and policy making outside of the Institute. Shortly after assuming his residency he joined the Hoboken Chamber of Commerce in 1928, becoming its Director in 1929 and Vice President from 1931 to 1933.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Davis would influence the academic and industrial side of engineering through the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He was a manager of the ASME from 1929 to 1930, elevating to Vice President in 1931 until 1932 and President from 1938 to 1939.
In 1930 he orchestrated a fiftieth anniversary celebration of the society in Stevens' auditorium: the exact location in which the ASME had been founded. The hallmark of the festivities was a play entitled Control: A Pageant of Engineering Progress, under the direction of Harold Burris-Meyer and G.P. Baker.
Family and death
Davis married Alice Marion Rhode on June 28, 1911. Their son, Nathaniel Davis was born in 1925 and would go on to become a United States diplomat and professor at Harvey-Mudd College.
Davis died on December 3, 1952, at Roosevelt Hospital in Manhattan.
Work
Stevens Institute of Technology
Upon taking office, Davis affirmed his support in general engineering courses and almost immediately expanded the courses in Civil Engineering by introducing a six-week surveying experience that students would complete the summer before their sophomore years at Camp Johnsonburg, a satellite of Stevens' main campus. The Mechanical Engineering program also incorporated more practical projects to instill a knowledge of basic principles. The Economics and Humanities Departments were also expanded and strengthened, including the development of a "Human Engineering Laboratory." This laboratory gave aptitude and vocational guidance tests to Stevens students and implemented a change in exact mathematical grades for courses to letter grades.
Following the expansion in enrollment Davis was responsible for expanding the opportunities for students to dorm on campus. His presidency saw an increase from 30 campus residence to more than 300. A residence hall would be constructed on the east most part of Stevens campus in 1962 in clear view of New York City.
Graduate school
Harvey Davis oversaw the creation of graduate programs at Stevens. Done in part to retain the excellent reputation of the institute for teaching, but to embellish with it a reputation and competitiveness in the area of research. The implementation of such programs would contribute to part of Stevens' survival during the Great Depression and give it an additional edge as it prevailed during World War II. One notable program of the time began in 1938; the Department of Metallurgy was created at Stevens, with Alfred Bornemann, Walter Kidde's nephew, as its head and first Professor of graduate classes in the subject.
The Great Depression
Davis ceded power to powerful alumni, rather than the trustees in the face of the Great Depression, but still created new programs and hired new faculty under his own auspices to keep the Institute progressive. Utilizing many of the connections he made as President of the ASME, Davis brought industry giants on board to develop programs and departments; notable contributors included Walter Kidde, Alfred Bornemann, Robert C. Stanley ("The Nickel King"), and William H. Peirce ("The Copper King").
By the end of the Great Depression in 1942, over two-thirds of alumni were participating in financial giving and the Annual Fund reached a record level of $185,000; alumni giving, along with that of trustees, ensured the survival of Stevens even in the face of eleven deficit budgets in a row.
World War II & War Production
Davis was nationally known at this time for his speeches and radio talks about industrial preparedness, often citing that "Production is more important to defense than combat training." After receiving $140,000 in 1941 from the US Office of Education, Stevens established a Defense Industries Training School to give intensive three-month courses to train technical personnel on the sub-professional level. The grant paid for Stevens faculty to give non-credit and tuition-free courses to 650 adult students working in defense industries. Davis also facilitated the work of A.M. Mayer with the New York Metropolitan Opera to conduct and apply research in psychoacoustics supported by the Rockefeller Foundation.
In May 1942 Stevens switched from an eighteen-week semester schedule to a sixteen-week trimester schedule. Students were required to spend two terms on campus and one term in war industry if not enrolled in the naval officer training program. Following this move, in the summer of 1942 the War Production Board recognized the need of coordination of research on materials required in producing the weapons of war. They created the Office of Production Research and Development drafting Harvey Davis to take up the task as director. This along with Professor Kenneth Davidson's clout as a member of the National Defense Research Committee and National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the predecessor to NASA, the two brought tremendous dollars to Stevens. The Davidson towing tank was heavily subsidized by the Navy and was bigger than any Navy or Allied test tank in existence.
Stevens emerged from the wars years with increased reputation as an engineering college. This resulted in an influx of veterans enrolling upon returning from the war; undergraduate enrollment more than doubled, from 600 to 1400.
References
External links
Harvey Nathaniel Davis at Graces Guide to British Industrial History
1881 births
1952 deaths
American mechanical engineers
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Harvard University faculty
Presidents of Stevens Institute of Technology
Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Brown University faculty
20th-century American academics
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Educators from Providence, Rhode Island |
This article lists the oldest extant freestanding buildings in the United Kingdom. In order to qualify for the list a structure must:
be a recognisable building
either incorporate features of building work from the claimed date to at least in height and/or be a listed building.
incorporate features of building work of the above nature that date from no later than 1300 AD.
Roads are excluded although other structures such as bridges may be included if they otherwise fulfil the above criteria.
Before 500 BC
500 BC to 500 AD
500 AD to 1000 AD
11th century
12th century
13th century
See also
List of oldest known surviving buildings in the world
Hillforts in Britain:
List of hillforts in England
List of hillforts in Scotland
List of hillforts in Wales
Newgrange, one of Ireland's oldest buildings dating from c. 3100 BC
La Hougue Bie, one of Jersey's oldest buildings dating from c. 3500 BC
Timeline of prehistoric Scotland
References
Sources
Lists of buildings and structures in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Buildings |
Srimanthudu () is a 1971 Indian Telugu-language drama film produced by G. Radhakrishna Murthy and A. Ramachandra Rao under the Viswa Bharathi Productions banner and directed by K. Pratyagatma. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Jamuna, with music composed by T. Chalapathi Rao. Kamal Haasan worked under Thangappan as his dance assistant in this film.
Plot
The film begins with two good friends Sekharam (Gummadi) a wealthy man and Chalapathi (J. L. Narasimha Rao) an intelligent drunkard who accommodates in Sekharam 's outhouse. They also fix up their children Raja (Master Aadinarayana) and Radha's (Baby Sridevi) alliance. Once Chalapathi discovers Mica in a particular area, with Sekharam's help he starts business when Sekharam invests his entire property and they succeed. At that time, Chalapathi dies in an accident. Exploiting the situation, Chalapathi's devious and materialistic sister Kaasulamma (Suryakantham) and her innocent husband Hanumanthu (Ramana Reddy) along with Manager Kishtappa (Raavi Kondala Rao) ploy by taking charge as guardians to minor Raja and throws Sekharam into debt. Due to this, he goes bankrupt, loses his wife Lakshmi (Jhansi) and leaves the town. Years roll by, Kaasulamma raises Raja (Akkineni Nageswara Rao) as debaucher and takes authority over the property. At present, Sekharam & Radha (Jamuna) return when Radha becomes distressed to see Raja in that condition. So, Radha cleverly makes the acquaintance and reforms him. Right now, Raja understands his aunt's deceptiveness, also finds out atrocities played by Kishtappa in the factory and eradicates them. Simultaneously, Raja decides to marry Radha, to which Kaasulamma opposes, but he proceeds. So, Kaasulamma and Kishtappa conspire and eliminate him in an accident. After a few days, shockingly, a rude man who resembles Raja arrives when everyone claims himself as a duplicate including Radha. But he resides with proofs and starts teasing the schemers. At last, it is revealed that Raja has survived Kaasulamma's ruse with the help of his wise uncle Hanumanthu. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Raja & Radha.
Cast
Akkineni Nageswara Rao as Raja
Jamuna as Radha
Gummadi as Sekharam
Ramana Reddy as Hanumanthu
Raja Babu as Babji
Raavi Kondala Rao as Kishtappa
Sakshi Ranga Rao as Guruji
J. L. Narasimha Rao as Chalapathi
Suryakantham as Kaasulamma
Jhansi as Lakshmi
Master Aadinarayana as Young Raja
Baby Sridevi as Young Radha
Soundtrack
Music composed by T. Chalapathi Rao.
References
External links
1971 films
Indian drama films
Films scored by T. Chalapathi Rao
1970s Telugu-language films
Films directed by Kotayya Pratyagatma |
KXPL (1060 AM) was a radio station licensed to El Paso, Texas, United States. The station was owned by New Radio System, Inc., a United States corporation operating the station on behalf of Mexican radio station operator Radiorama, which had a partial ownership stake.
The station had been silent since June 30, 2020, for economic reasons.
History
KAMA
Jack R. McVeigh received a construction permit for a new 10,000-watt, daytime-only radio station in El Paso on August 20, 1971. KAMA signed on July 13, 1972; it was one of the affiliates of the short-lived Mutual Spanish Network and was the only Spanish-language station based in El Paso. January 1, 1976, brought the launch of an FM counterpart, KAMA-FM 93.1, also broadcasting in Spanish with salsa and tropical music. KAMA was a highly successful station in the second half of the 1970s, leading the El Paso radio ratings in each year between 1975 and 1979.
McVeigh sold KAMA-AM-FM in 1981 to Thrash Broadcasting, Inc., of Georgia. Thrash flipped KAMA-FM to an English-language format as KAMZ "93Z" in April 1982.
In 1982, the Federal Communications Commission made available the 750 kHz frequency for use in the El Paso area. Unlike at 1060, a clear channel frequency assigned to Mexico City's XEEP-AM, a station on 750 could broadcast at night. Thrash made a bid for the new license, which had four applicants. In 1985, one went bankrupt, and the remaining three reached an agreement by which Thrash would win the 750 frequency in a merger with the El Paso Radio Corporation. Competitor Fina Broadcast House Corporation—owned by El Paso Spanish-language radio pioneer John S. Chávez, Jr., whose KOYE was the first Spanish-language radio station in El Paso—bought the 1060 license from Thrash.
KFNA
At 5:30 p.m. on July 11, 1985, KAMA moved to 750 AM. Two months later, on September 16, the new 1060 station began operation as KFNA "Radio Fina", with a Spanish-language oldies format playing music of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. The format failed to attract listeners; less than 18 months after launching, Fina filed for bankruptcy protection, declaring $377,000 in assets to $716,000 in liabilities and with several court judgments against the company; a search for a buyer began.
It would be some time before the bankruptcy case was resolved. In November 1990, the court-appointed trustee for Fina Broadcast House filed to sell KFNA—by then silent—to K-Fina Results, Inc., a company owned by Roberto Corral, Armando de León, Jr., Aida Mangas de Otañez, and Enriqueta Gómez; Mangas was a resident of Ciudad Juárez, while the other three were El Paso investors. In January 1993, the station began broadcasting the audio of CNN Headline News. However, after a year of lackluster results, the station abruptly returned to Spanish in January 1994 as "Radio del Norte", laying off a dozen staffers in the process.
KXPL
On January 3, 2000, KFNA became KXPL; the station was known as Radio Sol.
The station was sold in 2004 to New Radio System, Inc., which was owned by Gómez alongside Paul Gregg, María Elena Lazo, and Adrián Pereda Gómez, one of the principals in Mexican radio broadcaster Grupo Radiorama, which owns several stations in Ciudad Juárez. Later that year, the station was an affiliate of W Radio.
The station held a number of formats in the 2010s. As late as 2017, it was a news/talk outlet known as "Latina 1060 AM"; programming included news, talk and entertainment shows. The next year, it became Éxtasis Digital, using a common Radiorama brand and an English-language adult contemporary format. The station continued to broadcast until June 30, 2020, at which time it went silent temporarily due to economic reasons stemming from the COVID–19 pandemic.
The station returned to the air in 2021, but left the air again on February 28, 2022, this time for good. New Radio System surrendered KXPL's license to the Federal Communications Commission on February 23, 2023; the FCC canceled it the same day.
References
External links
FCC Station Search Details: DKXPL (Facility ID: 33067)
FCC History Cards for KXPL (covering 1967-1980 as KAMA)
1972 establishments in Texas
XPL
Radio stations established in 1972
XPL
XPL
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations disestablished in 2022
2022 disestablishments in Texas |
Ogasawara (written: 小笠原) is a Japanese surname. It may also refer to:
Locations
Ogasawara Islands, also known as the Bonin Islands, an archipelago of over 30 islands about 1000 km south of Tokyo, Japan
Ogasawara National Park, an island national park located on that archipelago
Ogasawara Subprefecture, a subprefecture of Tokyo, Japan
Ogasawara, Tokyo, a village in Ogasawara Subprefecture, Tokyo, Japan, that governs the Bonin Islands
People with the surname
, a Japanese voice actress
, a Japanese anime director from Chiba, Japan
, a Japanese Olympic Curler
, a Japanese baseball player
, Japanese speed skater
, a Japanese football (soccer) player
, Japanese baseball player
, Japanese rower
Fictional
, a fictional main character in the Maria-sama ga Miteru media series
, a character from Hibike! Euphonium
Historical
, a Japanese samurai clan
, a Japanese retainer of the Minamoto clan during the Heian period
, the 6th and final daimyō of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province, Kyūshū, Japan
, a Japanese samurai and official in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa Shogunate
, an Admiral and naval strategist in the Imperial Japanese Navy in Meiji and Taishō period Japan
, a Japanese daimyo of the mid-Edo period
, a Japanese daimyo of Shinano Province during the Sengoku Period
, the eldest son of Ogasawara Nagakiyo
, a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period who ruled the Kokura Domain
, Japanese daimyo of the early Edo Period
Other
10169 Ogasawara, a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on February 21, 1995
Ogasawara High School, a public high school on Chichi-jima in Ogasawara, Tokyo, Japan
See also
Izu–Ogasawara Trench
Ogasawara Whale Watching Association
Japanese-language surnames |
Turski Lužani () is a village in the municipality of Derventa, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
References
Villages in Republika Srpska
Populated places in Derventa |
Clarence Worme (10 March 1883 – 19 February 1935) was a Barbadian cricketer. He played in one first-class match for the Barbados cricket team in 1899/1900.
See also
List of Barbadian representative cricketers
References
External links
1883 births
1935 deaths
Barbadian cricketers
Barbados cricketers
Cricketers from Saint Philip, Barbados |
Grace Alexandra Rood (1893–1981) was a notable New Zealand school dental nurse. She was born in Hampden, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand in 1893.
References
1893 births
1981 deaths
People from the Hawke's Bay Region |
Aerangis ugandensis is a species of epiphytic orchid native to Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and Congo-Kinshasa (Zaire, Democratic Republic of the Congo).
References
ugandensis
Flora of Uganda
Flora of Kenya
Flora of Rwanda
Flora of Burundi
Epiphytic orchids
Plants described in 1931 |
The Bavarian Order of Merit () is the Order of Merit of the Free State of Bavaria. It is awarded by the Minister-President of Bavaria as a "recognition of outstanding contributions to the Free State of Bavaria and the Bavarian people".
The order was instituted by law on 11 June 1957. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet can nominate awardees.
Hemmerle, a German jewellery house based in Munich founded in 1893, is the exclusive maker of the Bavarian Order of Merit since it was instituted in 1957.
Hermann Josef Abs
Ann-Kristin Achleitner
Josef Ackermann (journalist)
Lea Ackermann
Konrad Adenauer
Percy Adlon
Mario Adorf
Josef Afritsch
Heinrich Aigner
Ilse Aigner
Korbinian Aigner
Werner Andreas Albert
Walter Althammer
Paul Althaus
Axel von Ambesser
Tobias Angerer
Willi Ankermüller
Gisela Anton
Evangelos Averoff
Georg Bachmann
Rudolf Bachmann
Friedrich Baethgen
Michael Ballhaus
Klaus Barthel
Władysław Bartoszewski
Rainer Barzel
Baudouin of Belgium
Friedrich L. Bauer
Heinz Bauer
Josef Bauer (politician)
Gustl Bayrhammer
Augustin Bea
Walter Becher
Franz Beckenbauer
Günther Beckstein
Heinrich Bedford-Strohm
Hildegard Behrens
Werner Beierwaltes
Heinrich Bender (conductor)
Pope Benedict XVI
Lilian Benningsen
Iris Berben
Roland Berger
Senta Berger
Mathilde Berghofer-Weichner
Karl-Friedrich Beringer
Lennart Bernadotte
Sonja Bernadotte
Otto Bernheimer
Christian Bernreiter
Anton Betz
Gerhard Bletschacher
Peter Boenisch
Willy Bogner Jr.
Kurt Böhme
Uwe Brandl
Eberhard von Brauchitsch
Klaus Dieter Breitschwert
Beppo Brem
Heinrich von Brentano
Hans Breuer (politician)
Alois von Brinz
Dominik Brunner
Aenne Burda
Franz Burda
Adolf Butenandt
José Carreras
Karl Carstens
Sergiu Celibidache
Jean Charest
Princess Christa of Thurn and Taxis
Hans Clarin
Maurice Couve de Murville
Ernst Cramer (journalist)
Herbert Czaja
Aden Adde
Thomas Dachser
Viktor Josef Dammertz
Diana Damrau
Adolf Dassler
Rudolf Dassler
Colin Davis
Michael S. Davison
Jacques Delors
Albert Dess
Alfred Dick (politician)
Paul Diethei
Helmut Dietl
Uschi Disl
Renate Dodell
Klaus Doldinger
Julius Döpfner
Claude Dornier
Hans Drachsler
Luis Durnwalder
Rudolf Eberhard
Gisela Ehrensperger
Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
Bernd Eichinger
Hans A. Engelhard
Matthias Engelsberger
Kieth Engen
Karl Engisch
Annette Erös
Reinhard Erös
Kurt Faltlhauser
Brigitte Fassbaender
Hans-Josef Fell
Ludwig Fellermaier
Markus Ferber
Wolfgang Fikentscher
Ernst Otto Fischer
Max Fischer (politician)
Friedrich Flick
Franz Joseph, 9th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
Ludwig Franz
Joseph von Fraunhofer
Gottlob Frick
Ingo Friedrich
Karl von Frisch
Cornelia Froboess
Karl Fuchs (politician)
Joachim Fuchsberger
Joseph-Ernst Graf Fugger von Glött
Maria Furtwängler
John Galvin (general)
Georg Gänswein
Charles de Gaulle
Peter Gauweiler
Martina Gedeck
Rudolf Geiger
Willi Geiger (painter)
Uschi Glas
Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
Peter Glotz
Nora-Eugenie Gomringer
Alfons Goppel
Josef Göppel
Silvia Görres
Eveline Gottzein
Franz Götz (politician)
Hugo Grau
Ulrich Grigull
Monika Gruber
Max Grundig
Enoch zu Guttenberg
Wolfgang Haber
Peter Häberle
Otto von Habsburg
Dietmar Hahlweg
Ingeborg Hallstein
Bernhard Häring
Anja Harteros
Gerda Hasselfeldt
Johannes Heesters
Robert Heger
Werner Heisenberg
Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck
Josef Henselmann
Wolfgang A. Herrmann
Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte
Wilfried Hiller
Friedrich Högner
Karl Höller
Christiane Hörbiger
Melanie Huml
Mariss Jansons
Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern
Marcus Junkelmann
Konstantinos Karamanlis
Karl, 8th Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
Ellis Kaut
Joseph Keilberth
Paul Kirchhof
Susanne Klatten
Carlos Kleiber
Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin
Herbert Knaup
Herlinde Koelbl
Juliane Köhler
Peter Jona Korn
Platon Kornyljak
Max Kruse (author)
Rafael Kubelík
Reiner Kunze
Benno Kusche
Bernard Landry
Gottfried Landwehr
Bernhard Langer
Pascalina Lehnert
Franz Lehrndorfer
Robert Lembke
Harald Lesch
Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger
Hans Ritter von Lex
Herbert Loebl
Loriot
Heidi Lück
Prince Luitpold of Bavaria (b. 1951)
Yury Luzhkov
Lorin Maazel
Peter Maffay
Jean Mandel
Max Mannheimer
Ursula Männle
Hubert Markl
Hellmuth Matiasek
Paul Augustin Mayer
Walther Meissner
Otto Meitinger
Maria-Elisabeth Michel-Beyerle
Joachim Milberg
Jürgen Mittelstraß
Walter Mixa
Martha Mödl
Jan Mojto
Alex Möller
Horst Möller
Wolf-Dieter Montag
Hans Müller (politician)
Gebhard Müller
Max Müller (Catholic intellectual)
Thomas Müller
Ann Murray
Anne-Sophie Mutter
Kent Nagano
Marlene Neubauer-Woerner
Christine Neubauer
Manuel Neuer
Angelika Niebler
Theodor Oberländer
Hermann Oberth
Carl Orff
Peter Ostermayr
Wolfhart Pannenberg
Paul of Greece
Max-Josef Pemsel
Oskar Perron
Wolfgang Petersen
Hubertus von Pilgrim
Susanne Porsche
Mirjam Pressler
Otfried Preußler
Hermann Prey
Maria Probst
Karl Pschigode
Josef Pühringer
Liselotte Pulver
Prince Raphael Rainer of Thurn and Taxis
Georg Ratzinger
Hanns Reinartz
Christoph Reiners
Norbert Reithofer
Günther Rennert
Stefan Reuter
Erich Riedl
Herbert Rosendorfer
Marcus H. Rosenmüller
Philip Rosenthal (industrialist)
Claudia Roth
Joseph Rovan
Sep Ruf
Ivo Sanader
Carl Sattler
Dieter Sattler
Robert Sauer (mathematician)
Wolfgang Sawallisch
Lotte Schädle
Georg Schäfer
Anna Schaffelhuber
Fritz Schäffer
Franz Schausberger
Marianne Schech
Volker Schlöndorff
Michael Schmaus
Gerhard Schmidt-Gaden
Christian Schmidt (politician)
Horst R. Schmidt
Heinz Schmidtke
Franz Schnabel
Gabriele Schnaut
Peter Schneider (conductor)
Hanns-Martin Schneidt
Jürgen E. Schrempp
Theobald Schrems
Wolfgang Schüssel
Ernst Schwarz (philologist)
Bastian Schweinsteiger
Roland Schwing
Hanna Schygulla
Hans-Christoph Seebohm
Horst Seehofer
Alwin Seifert
Kurt Semm
Hans Joachim Sewering
Ralph Siegel
Queen Silvia of Sweden
Erika Simon
Elke Sommer
Jutta Speidel
Friede Springer
Franz Stadler
Josef Stangl
Heinz Starke
Franz-Ludwig Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg
Francesco Stefani (film director)
Gisela Stein
Erika Steinbach
Udo Steiner
Josef Stingl
Edmund Stoiber
Franz Josef Strauss
Florian Streibl
Max Streibl
Kurt Suttner
Peter Tamm
Jack Terry
Hans Thamm
Pierre-Marie Théas
Heinz Hermann Thiele
Hertha Töpper
Luis Trenker
Konstantinos Tsatsos
Christian Ude
Erich Valentin
Astrid Varnay
Günter Verheugen
Michael Verhoeven
Konstanze Vernon
Oskar Vierling
Joseph Vilsmaier
Rudolf Voderholzer
Hans-Jochen Vogel
Kurt Vogel (historian)
Miriam Vogt
Karl Vötterle
Franz Vranitzky
Hermann Wagner
Wolfgang Wagner
Theo Waigel
Luggi Waldleitner
Ulrich Walter
Herbert Walther
Felix Wankel
Markus Wasmeier
Friedrich Weber (general)
Bernd Weikl
Grete Weil
Joseph Wendel
Friedrich Wetter
Egon Wiberg
Bernhard Wicki
Georg Wieter
Wolfgang Wild (physicist)
Ulrich Wilhelm
Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker
Fritz Winter
Notker Wolf
Hanns Egon Wörlen
Carl Wurster
Hans F. Zacher
Rosel Zech
Martin Zeil
Walter Ziegler
Eduard Zimmermann
Friedrich Zimmermann
References
External links
Searchable database with all recipients
1957 establishments in West Germany
Awards established in 1957
Culture of Bavaria
Orders, decorations, and medals of Bavaria
Orders, decorations, and medals of the states of Germany |
Annalisa Bucci (born ) is an Italian female kickboxer and mixed martial artist, based in Rimini. She has competed professionally since 2005 and is the currently competing in the Bellator Featherweight division and in the SUPERKOMBAT Lightweight division.
She is the former WAKO Kickboxing and ISKA Muay Thai World Champion.
Combat Press ranked her as a top ten MMA women's featherweight between September 2014 and January 2017.
Martial arts career
Kickboxing and Muay Thai
Annalisa Bucci made her kickboxing debut against Arianna Leonardi on the Italian regional scene, and won her first professional bout.
In 2007 she defeated Gabriella Carmelita to win an Italian National Amateur Championship.
In 2009 she scored a TKO win over Chantal Ughi to win the WMTI Intercontinental Thai Boxing Title.
Bucci won the European WAKO Pro K1 title through a decision win over Najat Hasnouni-Alaoui.
She unsuccessfully challenged Kerry Louise for the WFKKO World title, losing a unanimous decision.
She entered the 2012 WAKO European Pro Tournament. Despite defeating Dilek Yucel in the semi-finals, she lost to Boglaka Brunner in the final match.
She captured the ISKA Muay Thai World Title with a decision win over Stacey Parker.
Mixed martial arts
Bucci made her MMA debut during Dangerous Zone, in 2010, winning through a first round TKO.
She lost her next two fight against Slavka Vitaly, through an armbar, and against Myriam Lamare by unanimous decision.
Over the next two years she amassed a 6-1 record, with four of those six wins ending with a finish.
She made her Bellator MMA debut in 2014, during Bellator 130, but lost in the third round by a rear naked choke.
Titles
2015 – WTKA European Muay Thai title, 66 kg
2013 – ISKA World Title, Full Contact, 64.5 kg
2011 – WAKO Pro European K1 Title
2009 – WMTI Intercontinental Thai Boxing Title, 65 kg
2007 – Italian Amateur K1 Title
Kickboxing record
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2015-04-11 || Win ||align=left| Chantal Ughi || || Ancona, Italy || Decision (split) || 3
|-
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2015-03-07 || Win ||align=left| Cristiana Stancu || SUPERKOMBAT World Grand Prix I 2015 || Ploiești, Romania || Decision || 3
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2013-04-20 || Win ||align=left| Stacey Parker || World Championship Kickboxing || Stevenage, England || ? || 3
|-
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2015-03-22 || Loss ||align=left| Claire Musani || WMF World Championship || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 3
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2013-02-23 || Win ||align=left| Katia Currò || ? || Italy || KO || 2
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-12-18 || Win ||align=left| Najat Hasnouni-Alaoui || KING OF THE RING || Rimini, Italy || Decision (Unanimous) || 3
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2010-12-29 || Loss ||align=left| Boglaka Brunner || WAKO European Championship || Ankara, Turkey || Decision (Unanimous) || 3
|-
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-12-27 || Win ||align=left| Dilek Yucel || World Championship Kickboxing || Ankara, Turkey || Decision (Unanimous) || 3
|-
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2009-03-25 || Win ||align=left| Chantal Ughi || ? || Milan, Italy || TKO (Doctor Stoppage) || 3
|-
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- bgcolor="#c5d2ea"
| 2007-12-28 || Draw ||align=left| Myriam Lamare || PFC 4 || Marseille, France || Decision (Unanimous) || 3
|- align
|-
|- bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2006-12-23 || Loss ||align=left| Kerry Louise || WFKKO || Stanley, England || Decision (Unanimous) || 3
|-
|- align
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|- align
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
Mixed martial arts record
|Loss
|align=center|7–4
|Marloes Coenen
|Submission (Rear-Naked Choke)
|Bellator 130
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|0:57
|Kansas, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|7–3
|Maria Hougaard Djursaa
|Decision (Unanimous)
|European MMA 9: Mark Your Time
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Copenhagen, Denmark
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|6–3
|Pannie Kianzad
|Decision (Unanimous)
|Superior Challenge 10
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Helsingborg, Sweden
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|6–2
|Minerva Montero
|Decision (Unanimous)
|Shooto Italy: King of the Ring 3
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Rimini, Italy
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|5–2
|Jasmina Nadj
|Submission (Rear-Naked Choke)
|Shooto Italy: King of the Ring 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|
|Rimini, Italy
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|4–2
|Angelica Babbi
|Submission (Rear-Naked Choke)
|Janus Fight Night 2012: In The Cage
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|
|Veneto, Italy
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|3–2
|Lenka Smetankova
|TKO (Punches)
|MMAA Arena 1
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:37
|Prague, Czech Republic
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–2
|Anita Torti
|Submission (Rear-Naked Choke)
|Milano in the Cage 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:50
|Milan, Italy
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|1–2
|Myriam Lamare
|Decision (Unanimous)
|Pancrase FC 4
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Marsielle, France
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|1–1
|Slavka Vitaly
|Submission (Armbar)
|MMA Italy: Strong and Unbreakable Round 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:00
|Tuscany, Italy
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Elisa Navalesi
|TKO (Punches)
|Dangerous Zone
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|
|Tuscany, Italy
|
See also
List of female kickboxers
List of female mixed martial artists
References
External links
Annalisa Bucci at Awakening Fighters
1983 births
Italian female kickboxers
Living people
Sportspeople from Ancona
Italian female mixed martial artists
Italian Muay Thai practitioners
Female Muay Thai practitioners
Featherweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
SUPERKOMBAT kickboxers |
Dolce is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Dolce lies approximately south of Plzeň and south-west of Prague.
Gallery
References
Villages in Plzeň-South District |
```java
// Adapted from
// path_to_url
package com.standardnotes;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Application;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
import com.facebook.react.bridge.Promise;
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactApplicationContext;
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactContextBaseJavaModule;
import com.facebook.react.bridge.ReactMethod;
public class ReceiveSharingIntentModule extends ReactContextBaseJavaModule {
public final String Log_Tag = "ReceiveSharingIntent";
private final ReactApplicationContext reactContext;
private ReceiveSharingIntentHelper receiveSharingIntentHelper;
public ReceiveSharingIntentModule(ReactApplicationContext reactContext) {
super(reactContext);
this.reactContext = reactContext;
Application applicationContext = (Application) reactContext.getApplicationContext();
receiveSharingIntentHelper = new ReceiveSharingIntentHelper(applicationContext);
}
protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
Activity mActivity = getCurrentActivity();
if(mActivity == null) { return; }
mActivity.setIntent(intent);
}
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
@ReactMethod
public void getFileNames(Promise promise){
Activity mActivity = getCurrentActivity();
if(mActivity == null) { return; }
Intent intent = mActivity.getIntent();
if(intent == null) { return; }
receiveSharingIntentHelper.sendFileNames(reactContext, intent, promise);
mActivity.setIntent(null);
}
@ReactMethod
public void clearFileNames(){
Activity mActivity = getCurrentActivity();
if(mActivity == null) { return; }
Intent intent = mActivity.getIntent();
if(intent == null) { return; }
receiveSharingIntentHelper.clearFileNames(intent);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "ReceiveSharingIntent";
}
}
``` |
Shah-e Pirabad (, also Romanized as Shāh-e Pīrābād) is a village in Tashan-e Sharqi Rural District, Tashan District, Behbahan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 619, in 132 families.
References
Populated places in Behbahan County |
The Kundudo horse is a population of wild horse native to Mount Kundudo in eastern Ethiopia. There are very few of them, but have been known to the local population for two centuries. They may have come from a small group of Abyssinian horses lost during military conflicts in the 16th century.
They were rediscovered in 2008 during a research expedition. Kundudo horses, with their unattractive morphology and suffering from consanguinity, were occasionally captured and put to ploughing work by a local farmer, who also sold the foals. Ethiopian biodiversity conservation authorities recommended transforming their biotope into a reserve, which would be opened to tourism by 2011. However, due to the decline in numbers between their discovery and the last documented expedition in 2013, these critically endangered horses may already be potentially extinct.
History
This population of horses owes its name to the biotope in which it has long evolved in the wild, Mount Kundudo. Very little is known about their history, as there are no written sources. Oral tradition, gathered from the oldest local inhabitants, has it that these horses have been known for over 200 years, and that the future emperor Haile Selassie I captured one of them with the help of his uncle, at the age of 10. One oral hypothesis as to the origin of these horses is that their ancestors were military mounts left behind after the Ethiopian-Adal war, which pitted Muslim chief Ahmed Gragn against Christian chief Dawit II from 1528 to 1560. It is possible that a small group of 10 to 15 horses survived for decades despite the past presence of lions and cheetahs. However, there is no tangible evidence in favor of an origin theory. The relatively close genetic distance between the Kundudo wild horses and the domesticated Abyssinian horses suggests, however, that the Kundudo may be a sub-population of Abyssinian horses that returned to the wild in the recent past, perhaps during the military events of the 16th century.
The horses of Mount Kundudo were rediscovered at the beginning of the 21st century, when a team led by Ethiopian researcher Effa Delesa Kefena explored the ecozones specific to Ethiopian horses. This research highlighted the difficulties of communicating about Ethiopian horses, which are not even well known locally. On 3 January 2008, the researchers first found a single mare, around 11 years old, with a hooves that had never been groomed and showing no signs of domestication. They took a DNA sample and nicknamed her "Basra ". In October 2010, they counted a total of 18 horses in the mountain area. In 2013, a survey expedition was sent by the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, which counted just 11 horses.
There is no stud book. These horses are undergoing a process of re-domestication, as some of them are captured annually by a local farmer, to be put to work.
Description
Their morphology is described as faulty, with irregular shapes, short backs with plunging toplines, and paunchy bellies. However, the small number of horses studied means that no consistent morphological data can be deduced.
Kundudo horses are one of eight horse breeds identified in Ethiopia. And, along with the Borana (the Ethiopian breed from which it diverges the most) Kundudo horses are most distant genetically from the other Ethiopian horse breeds. This study attributes one gene cluster to Kundudo alone. The Ethiopian breed closest to Kundudo is the Abyssinian. The population also shows low genetic diversity, the lowest of all Ethiopian horse populations studied. It is likely that these horses have undergone a phenomenon of genetic drift, due to the low number of founder individuals, isolation over a long period of time, and the absence of crossbreeding with horses of external origin. However, their genetic heritage is neither exceptional nor unique compared to other equine populations of this type.
Usage
Although these horses have returned to the wild, and constitute one of Africa's three "wild" horse populations, some of them are regularly captured by a local farmer who puts them to work for harvest time, before releasing them. They are considered to be of little use for this purpose, with little pulling power, and are resistant to the work demanded of them. However, this farmer may have captured or sold some of the foals.
Studies suggest that the grazing area at the top of Mount Kundudo could gradually be turned into a tourist attraction, along the lines of the Namib horse attraction, based on the tourism potential of wild horse watching. The Namib horses are known worldwide, wrongly, as the only "wild" horses in Africa.
Spread and threat
The DAD-IS database provides no data on numbers, but the herd is tiny. These horses are essentially local, confined to the Mount Kundudo region of eastern Ethiopia, where they are reputed to be rare. They graze on an area of 13 hectares, and drink from a waterhole at the top of the mountain, which never dries up, even in the hot season. They are the last wild horses in East Africa. They are highly threatened with extinction, due to their rarity, consanguinity, poor breeding practices and the demand for their foals. Since 2011, this animal population has been classified as critically endangered. The Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute has put in place conservation procedures, including the freezing of stallion semen. The breed's importance in terms of its link with Ethiopian history was emphasized.
In 2016, CAB International listed the breed as "potentially extinct", the last recorded population of 11 horses in 2013 being too low to ensure the population's sustainability.
See also
Ethiopian horses
List of horse breeds
References
Bibliography
Horse breeds |
The Hyundai S engine is Hyundai's first V6 diesel engine. This engine has a displacement of 3.0l.
S
3.0L (D6EA)
This engine output varies by application, for the Hyundai Veracruz it makes at 3,800 rpm and of torque between 1,750 and 3,500 rpm. For the Kia Mohave it makes at 3,800 rpm and of torque between 2,000 and 3,500 rpm. This engine is rated at 20 mpg city, 30 mpg highway and passes the US Emissions Standards.
Applications
Hyundai Veracruz (2006–2011)
Kia Mohave (2008–2011)
S II
3.0L (D6EB)
This engine output varies by application, for the Hyundai Veracruz it makes at 3,800 rpm and of torque between 1,750 and 3,500 rpm. For the Kia Mohave it makes at 3,800 rpm and of torque between 1,500 and 3,000 rpm. This engine is Euro6 compliant.
Applications
Hyundai Veracruz (2012–2015)
Kia Mohave (2011–present)
Raycolt KLTV (2016–present)
See also
List of Hyundai engines
References
S
Diesel engines by model
V6 engines |
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 19 December 1997. The Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy, which had boycotted the last election, ran joint candidates with the ruling People's Rally for Progress. Together, they won all 65 seats in the National Assembly, with the PRP taking 54 and the FRUD 11. Voter turnout was 57%.
Results
References
Djibouti
Parliamentary
Parliamentary elections in Djibouti
Djibouti |
Naoíse Mac Sweeney is a classical archaeologist and ancient historian. Since 2020 she has been Professor of Classical Archaeology in the Institute of Classical Archaeology at the University of Vienna.
Early life and education
Mac Sweeney was born in 1982 to Chinese and Irish parents in London. She studied for an undergraduate degree in Classics at the University of Cambridge, followed by a Master's at UCL in Ancient History. She completed a PhD at Cambridge in 2007 with a thesis titled "Community Identity in Protohistoric Western Anatolia".
Career
Following her PhD she spent time in policy research working on conflict and international development. From 2008 she held a Junior Research Fellowship in the Faculty of Classics and Fitzwilliam College at the University of Cambridge. In 2011 she joined the University of Leicester as a Lecturer in Ancient History and Classical Archaeology. In 2020 she was promoted to Professor of Ancient History at Leicester, before being appointed later the same year as a Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Vienna.
Her research focusses on aspects of cultural interaction and identity, with a focus on the ancient Greek world and Anatolia from the Iron Age to the Classical period. Her 2018 book Troy: Myth, City, Icon explores the mythic, the archaeological, and cultural significance of Troy. It was short-listed for the 2019 PROSE awards in the category Archaeology & Ancient History. In 2020 Mac Sweeney received an ERC Consolidator Grant for the project Migration and the Making of the Ancient Greek World.
She was awarded a Philip Leverhulme Prize in 2015. In 2017, she held a visiting Research Fellowship at Harvard's Center for Hellenic Studies. Mac Sweeney co-ordinates the international network 'Claiming the Classical', exploring the use of classical antiquity within contemporary political rhetoric. Since 2019 she is the academic editor of Anatolian Studies, the Journal of the British Institute at Ankara, and served as a judge for the Runciman Award. She appeared as a presenter on the BBC TV series Digging for Britain in 2019.
Selected publications
Books
2011. Community Identity and Archaeology: Dynamic Communities at Aphrodisias and Beycesultan. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2013. Foundation Myths and Politics in Ancient Ionia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2014. (ed.) Foundation Myths in Ancient Societies Dialogues and Discourses. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2018. Troy: Myth, City, Icon. London: Bloomsbury.
2018. (co-authored with Dr. Jan Haywood) Homer’s Iliad and the Trojan War: Dialogues on Tradition. London: Bloomsbury.
2023. The West: A New History of an Old Idea. London: Ebury.
Journal articles
2004. Social complexity and population: a study in the Early Bronze Age Aegean. Papers of the Institute of Archaeology 15: 53–66.
2009. Beyond ethnicity: the overlooked diversity of group identities. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 22.1: 101–126.
2010. Hittites and Arzawans: a view from western Anatolia. Anatolian Studies 60: 7–24.
2017. Separating fact from fiction in the Ionian migration. Hesperia 38: 379–421.
References
External links
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
Classical archaeologists
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British women archaeologists
Alumni of University College London
Women classical scholars
1982 births
Living people |
Trebonne is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Hinchinbrook, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Trebonne had a population of 430 people.
History
Prior to European settlement, the Trebonne area was inhabited by the Warakamai People.
The town derives its name from Trebonne Creek, which was allegedly named by Leon Burguez, sugar planter who lived at Gairloch, probably in the 1870s.
Upper Trebonne Provisional School opened on 7 November 1906. On 1 January 1909, it became Upper Trebonne State School. It was renamed Trebonne State School circa 1932.
In 1951, Canossa Catholic Primary School was established by Canossia Daughters of Charity. It closed on 6 December 2013. It was at 11 Stone River Road ().
In 1966, the Canossia sisters opened an aged care facility. In May 2022, the last two sisters in the order, then both aged 77 years, were withdrawn from Trebonne with OzCare taking over the operation of the facility.
Demographics
At the , Trebonne had a population of 319.
In the , the locality of Trebonne had a population of 397 people.
In the , the locality of Trebonne had a population of 430 people.
Heritage listings
Trebonne has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Trebonne Road: Pelota Mano Court
Education
Trebonne State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 71 Stone River Road (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 19 students with 3 teachers (2 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (3 full-time equivalent). In 2022, the school had an enrolment of 16 students.
There are no secondary schools in Trebonne. The nearest government secondary school is Ingham State High School in neighbouring Ingham to the east.
References
Further reading
External links
Towns in Queensland
North Queensland
Shire of Hinchinbrook
Localities in Queensland |
Florin Pucă (April 24, 1932 — February 23, 1990) was a Romanian graphic artist. He was also a close collaborator of Leonid Dimov's, having illustrated several of his literary works. Other writers Pucă illustrated for include Gheorghe Pituṭ, Mircea Micu, Nichita Stănescu, Petre Stoica, Ion Băieşu and Modest Morariu.
Filmography
as actor
Tatăl risipitor (1974)
Mușchetarul român (1975)
Red Apples (1976)
Toate pînzele sus (serial TV, 1977) - ep. 1, 4-5
Iancu Jianu, haiducul (1981)
Ștefan Luchian (1981)
References
External links
1932 births
1990 deaths
Romanian graphic artists
Romanian male film actors
Romanian male television actors |
Acraea leucopyga is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Zambia, Malawi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Shaba), Tanzania and Uganda.
Description
A. leucopyga Auriv. (= liszti Suff.) (55 e). Forewing above bright orange-yellow to the base, in fresh specimens with rosy reflection; forewing above with black apical spot, 4 to 5 mm. in breadth, as far as vein 4 and then with very fine marginal line; discal dots 3 to 6 are free and placed in a straight line, almost vertical to the costal margin; hindwing above with sharply defined marginal band 1 to 2 mm. in breadth and discal dots which are not very distinct, often only showing through from beneath. Forewing beneath without black spot at the apex, but here whitish yellow with orange-yellow streaks on the interneural folds; hindwing beneath light grey-yellow with sharply prominent black dots and reddish spots at the base and between the veins and dots. The rainy-season form is smaller, less brightly coloured above, with dark tinge at the base and broader marginal band, not sharply defined proximally, on the upperside of the hindwing. Rhodesia and Nyassaland.
Biology
The habitat consists of dry woodland and savanna.
Taxonomy
It is a member of the Acraea caecilia species group. See also Pierre & Bernaud, 2014.
References
External links
Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 55 e
Images representing Acraea leucopyga at Bold.
Butterflies described in 1904
leucopyga |
The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 2002 Asian Athletics Championships was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 10–11 August.
Medalists
Results
Heats
Wind:Heat 1: +2.4 m/s, Heat 2: +1.9 m/s, Heat 3: +2.6 m/s
Final
Wind: +2.9 m/s
References
2002 Asian Athletics Championships
Sprint hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships |
Weldon City School District or Weldon City Schools is a school district headquartered in Weldon, North Carolina.
it, along with the Halifax County School District, has a student body that is almost all of races other than non-Hispanic white, while the student body of Roanoke Rapids Graded School District is 70% white.
Schools
Weldon STEM High Career Academies (Weldon High School)
Weldon Middle School
Weldon Elementary Global Academy
Roanoke Valley Early College
References
External links
Weldon City School District
School districts in North Carolina
Education in Halifax County, North Carolina |
Multiple C2 domains, transmembrane 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCTP2 gene.
References
Further reading |
James Jardine (6 June 1846 – 6 January 1909) was an English first-class cricketer, academic, barrister and judge.
The son of William Jardine, he was born at Dunstable in June 1846. He was educated at Dunstable School, before going up to Caius College, Cambridge. He became a fellow at Caius in 1870. A student of the Inner Temple, he was called to the bar in January 1871. Jardine played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club on four occasions between 1870 and 1874, scoring 53 runs with a highest score of 21. Jardine was appointed the Perry Professor of jurisprudence at Bombay University in British India in 1877, where he later served as the dean of the Faculty of Law. He was appointed a judge of the Bombay High Court in January 1886. Jardine died in Switzerland at St Moritz in January 1909, following a short illness with pneumonia.
References
External links
1846 births
1909 deaths
People from Dunstable
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
English cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Members of the Inner Temple
English barristers
Academic staff of the University of Mumbai
Deans of law schools in India
Judges of the Bombay High Court
19th-century King's Counsel
20th-century King's Counsel
Deaths from pneumonia in Switzerland
Cricketers from Bedfordshire |
Jean-Pierre Eugène Hagnauer (24 February 1913 – 7 May 1986) was a French ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1936 Winter Olympics.
References
External links
1913 births
1986 deaths
Français Volants players
Ice hockey players at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey players for France |
```swift
//
// Extensions.swift
// UICircularProgressRing
//
// Created by Luis on 2/5/19.
//
/**
* This file includes internal extensions.
*/
import UIKit
/// Helper extension to allow removing layer animation based on AnimationKeys enum
extension CALayer {
func removeAnimation(forKey key: UICircularRing.AnimationKeys) {
removeAnimation(forKey: key.rawValue)
}
func animation(forKey key: UICircularRing.AnimationKeys) -> CAAnimation? {
return animation(forKey: key.rawValue)
}
func value(forKey key: UICircularRing.AnimationKeys) -> Any? {
return value(forKey: key.rawValue)
}
}
/**
A private extension to CGFloat in order to provide simple
conversion from degrees to radians, used when drawing the rings.
*/
extension CGFloat {
var rads: CGFloat { return self * CGFloat.pi / 180 }
}
/// adds simple conversion to CGFloat
extension TimeInterval {
var float: CGFloat { return CGFloat(self) }
}
/// adds simple conversion to TimeInterval
extension CGFloat {
var interval: TimeInterval { return TimeInterval(self) }
}
``` |
Juan Carlos I (; Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until his abdication on 19 June 2014. In Spain, since his abdication, Juan Carlos has usually been referred to as the ('king emeritus').
Juan Carlos is the grandson of Alfonso XIII, the last king of Spain before the abolition of the monarchy in 1931 and the subsequent declaration of the Second Spanish Republic. Juan Carlos was born in Rome during his family's exile. Francisco Franco took over the government of Spain after his victory in the Spanish Civil War in 1939, yet in 1947 Spain's status as a monarchy was affirmed and a law was passed allowing Franco to choose his successor. Juan Carlos's father, Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, was the third son of King Alfonso XIII and assumed his claims to the throne after Alfonso died in February 1941. However, Franco saw Juan to be too liberal and in 1969 declared Juan Carlos his successor as head of state.
Juan Carlos spent his early years in Italy and came to Spain in 1947 to continue his studies. After completing his secondary education in 1955, he began his military training and entered the General Military Academy at Zaragoza. Later, he attended the Naval Military School and the General Academy of the Air, and finished his tertiary education at the University of Madrid. In 1962, Juan Carlos married Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark in Athens. The couple had two daughters and a son together: Elena, Cristina, and Felipe. Due to Franco's declining health, Juan Carlos first began periodically acting as Spain's head of state in the summer of 1974. Franco died in November the following year and Juan Carlos became king on 22 November 1975, two days after Franco's death, the first reigning monarch since 1931, although his exiled father did not formally renounce his claims to the throne in favor of his son until 1977.
Juan Carlos was expected to continue Franco's legacy, but instead introduced reforms to dismantle the Francoist regime and to begin the Spanish transition to democracy soon after his accession. This led to the approval of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 in a referendum which re-established a constitutional monarchy. In 1981, Juan Carlos played a major role in preventing a coup that attempted to revert to Francoist government in the King's name. In 2008, he was considered the most popular leader across all Ibero-America. Hailed for his role in Spain's transition to democracy, the King and the monarchy's reputation began to suffer after controversies surrounding his family arose, exacerbated by the public controversy centering on an elephant-hunting trip he undertook during a time of financial crisis in Spain.
In June 2014, Juan Carlos, citing personal reasons, abdicated in favour of his son, who acceded to the throne as Felipe VI. Since August 2020, Juan Carlos has lived in self-imposed exile from Spain over allegedly improper ties to business deals in Saudi Arabia. The New York Times estimated in 2014 that Juan Carlos's fortune was around 1.8 billion euros (2.3 billion U.S. dollars).
Early life (1938–1969)
Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María was born to Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, and Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies in their family home in Rome, where his grandfather King Alfonso XIII of Spain and other members of the Spanish royal family lived in exile following the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. He was baptized as Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pope Pius XII.
His early life was dictated largely by the political concerns of his father and General Franco. He moved to Spain in 1948 to be educated there after his father persuaded Franco to allow it. He began his studies in San Sebastián and finished them in 1954 at the Instituto San Isidro in Madrid. He then joined the army, doing his officer training from 1955 to 1957 at the Military Academy of Zaragoza.
According to his sister Pilar, he had difficulty in his studies because of dyslexia.
He has two sisters: Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (1936–2020); and Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria (born 1939). He also had a younger brother, Alfonso.
The rendering of his name as "Juan Carlos" (the first and second particles of his baptismal name) was a modification by choice of Francisco Franco. He was always known in his familiar circle simply as "Juan" or "Juanito".
Brother's death
On the evening of Holy Thursday, 29 March 1956, Juan Carlos's younger brother Alfonso died in a gun accident at the family's home Villa Giralda in Estoril, on the Portuguese Riviera. The Spanish Embassy in Portugal then issued the following official communiqué:
Alfonso had won a local junior golf tournament earlier in the day, then went to evening Mass and rushed up to the room to see Juan Carlos who had come home for the Easter holidays from military school. Both Juan Carlos, age 18, and Alfonso, age 14, had been apparently playing with a .22 caliber Long Automatic Star revolver owned by Alfonso. As they were alone in the room, it is unclear how Alfonso was shot, but according to Josefina Carolo, dressmaker to Juan Carlos's mother, Juan Carlos pointed the pistol at Alfonso and pulled the trigger, unaware that it was loaded. Bernardo Arnoso, a Portuguese friend of Juan Carlos, also said that Juan Carlos had told him he had fired the pistol not knowing that it was loaded, and adding that the bullet ricocheted off a wall, hitting Alfonso in the face. Helena Matheopoulos, a Greek author who spoke with Juan Carlos's sister Pilar, said that Alfonso had been out of the room and when he returned and pushed the door open, the door knocked Juan Carlos in the arm, causing him to fire the pistol.
After learning this news, his father Juan of Bourbon reportedly grabbed Juan Carlos by the neck and shouted at him angrily, "Swear to me that you didn't do it on purpose!" Two days later, he sent him back to the military academy. Following a later declaration of María de las Mercedes, Paul Preston argues that the content of the former testimony implies that Juan Carlos had pointed the gun at Alfonso, apparently not knowing that the gun was loaded, and pulled the trigger.
Education
In 1957, Juan Carlos spent a year in the naval school at Marín, Pontevedra, and another in the Air Force school in San Javier in Murcia. In 1960–61, he studied law, international political economy and public finance at the University of Madrid. He then went to live in the Palace of Zarzuela and began carrying out official engagements.
Prince of Spain (1969–1975)
The dictatorial regime of Francisco Franco came to power during the Spanish Civil War, which pitted a government of democrats, anarchists, socialists, and communists, supported by the Soviet Union and international volunteers, against a rebellion of conservatives, monarchists, nationalists, and fascists, supported by both Hitler and Mussolini, with the rebels ultimately winning. Franco's authoritarian government remained dominant in Spain until the 1960s. With Franco's increasing age, left-wing protests increased, while at the same time, the far right factions demanded the return of a hardline absolute monarchy. At the time, the heir to the throne of Spain was Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, the son of the late Alfonso XIII. However, General Franco viewed him with extreme suspicion, believing him to be a liberal who was opposed to his regime.
Juan Carlos's first cousin Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz, was also briefly considered as a candidate. Alfonso was known to be an ardent Francoist and married Franco's granddaughter, Doña María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco in 1972.
Ultimately, Franco decided to skip a generation and name Juan de Borbón's son, Prince Juan Carlos, as his personal successor. Franco hoped the young prince could be groomed to take over the nation while still maintaining the ultraconservative and authoritarian nature of his regime. In 1969, Juan Carlos was officially designated heir-apparent and was given the new title of Prince of Spain (not the traditional Prince of Asturias). As a condition of being named heir-apparent, he was required to swear loyalty to Franco's Movimiento Nacional, which he did with little outward hesitation. His choice was ratified by the Spanish parliament on 22 July 1969.
Juan Carlos met and consulted Franco many times while heir apparent and often took part in official and ceremonial state functions, standing alongside the dictator, much to the anger of hardline republicans and more moderate liberals, who hoped that Franco's death would bring in an era of reform. During 1969–1975, Juan Carlos publicly supported Franco's regime. Although Franco's health worsened during those years, whenever he did appear in public, from state dinners to military parades, it was in Juan Carlos's company. Juan Carlos continued to praise Franco and his government for the economic growth and positive changes in Spain. However, as the years progressed, Juan Carlos began meeting secretly with political opposition leaders and exiles, who were fighting to bring liberal reform to the country. He also had secret conversations with his father over the telephone. Franco, for his part, remained largely oblivious to the prince's actions and denied allegations from his ministers and advisors that Juan Carlos was in any way disloyal to his vision of the regime.
During periods of Franco's temporary incapacity in 1974 and 1975, Juan Carlos was acting head of state. On 30 October 1975, Franco gave full control to Juan Carlos. According to declassified CIA reports, during this time Juan Carlos secretly acquiesced and arranged with Moroccan king Hassan II the terms of the so-called Green March, the partial invasion of the Spanish Sahara by Moroccan civilians, followed by the Madrid Accords handing over the control of the territory to Morocco and Mauritania.
Reign (1975–2014)
Franco died on 20 November 1975, and two days later on 22 November the Cortes Españolas proclaimed Juan Carlos King of Spain. In his address to the Cortes, Juan Carlos spoke of three factors: historical tradition, national laws, and the will of the people, and in so doing referred to a process dating back to the Civil War of 1936–39. He swore using the following formula: "I swear to God and the Gospels to comply and enforce compliance to the Fundamental Laws of the Realm and to remain loyal to the Principles of the National Movement".
On 27 November, a Mass of the Holy Spirit was celebrated in the church of San Jerónimo el Real in Madrid to inaugurate his reign. He opted not to call himself Juan III or Carlos V, but Juan Carlos I. Juan Carlos is reported to have been pressured by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing to personally tell Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, who had traveled to Spain for Franco's funeral, not to attend his inauguration.
Transition
Juan Carlos's accession met with relatively little parliamentary opposition. Some members of the Movimiento Nacional voted against recognizing him, and even more voted against the 1976 Law for Political Reform. But a majority of Movimiento members supported both measures. Juan Carlos quickly instituted reforms, to the great displeasure of Falangist and conservative (monarchist) elements, especially in the military, who had expected him to maintain the authoritarian state.
In July 1976, Juan Carlos dismissed prime minister Carlos Arias Navarro, who had been attempting to continue Francoist policies in the face of the King's attempts at democratization. He instead appointed Adolfo Suárez, a former leader of the Movimiento Nacional, as prime minister.
Further legitimacy was restored to Juan Carlos's position on 14 May 1977, when his father (whom many monarchists had recognized as the legitimate, exiled King of Spain during the Franco era) formally renounced his claim to the throne and recognized his son as the sole head of the Spanish Royal House, transferring to him the historical heritage of the Spanish monarchy, thus making Juan Carlos both de facto and de jure king in the eyes of the traditional monarchists.
On 20 May 1977, the leader of the only recently legalized Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Felipe González, accompanied by Javier Solana, visited Juan Carlos in the Zarzuela Palace. The event represented a key endorsement of the monarchy from Spain's political left, who had been historically republican. Left-wing support for the monarchy had grown when the Communist Party of Spain was legalized on 9 April 1977, a move Juan Carlos had pressed for, despite enormous right-wing military opposition at that time, during the Cold War.
On 15 June 1977, Spain held its first post-Franco democratic elections. Juan Carlos had played a role as middleman in order to channel $10 million from the Shah of Iran to Adolfo Suárez's election campaign, reportedly asking the Shah for the money to "save Spain from Marxism". Suárez went on to win the election and become the first democratically elected leader of the new regime.
In 1978, the government promulgated a new constitution that acknowledged Juan Carlos as rightful heir of the Spanish dynasty and king; specifically, Title II, Section 57 asserted Juan Carlos's right to the throne of Spain by dynastic succession in the Bourbon tradition, as "the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty" rather than as the designated successor of Franco. The Constitution was passed by the democratically elected Constituent Cortes, ratified by the people in a referendum (6 December) and then signed into law by the King before a solemn meeting of the Cortes.
1981 coup d'état attempt
An attempted military coup, known as 23-F, occurred on 23 February 1981, when the Cortes were seized by members of the Guardia Civil in the parliamentary chamber. During the coup, the King, wearing his uniform as Captain-General of the Armed Forces, gave a public television broadcast calling for unambiguous support for the legitimate democratic government. The broadcast is believed to have been a major factor in foiling the coup. The coup leaders had promised many of their potential supporters that they were acting in the King's name and with his approval, but were unable to demonstrate either, and the broadcast – coming just after midnight on the night of the coup – definitively showed the King's opposition to the coup makers.
When Juan Carlos became king, Communist leader Santiago Carrillo had nicknamed him Juan Carlos the Brief, predicting that the monarchy would soon be swept away with the other remnants of the Franco era. After the collapse of the attempted coup however, in an emotional statement, Carrillo remarked: "Today, we are all monarchists." Public support for the monarchy among democrats and leftists, which had been limited before 1981, increased significantly following the king's handling of the coup.
However, this event remains controversial and has led to several alternative theories that cast doubt on the sincerity of the King's defense of democracy. The King had close ties with the leader of the rebellion, who had served him as Secretary General of the Royal Household. Above all, Juan Carlos and the main political parties were aware of a plan to put General Alfonso Armada in charge of the government, particularly in order to crack down on the Basque independence organization Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA). Although Juan Carlos strongly condemned the coup attempt - more than six hours after the armed guards invaded Congress - it is still difficult to establish whether he acted out of democratic conviction or because the operation was not going as well as expected, with little support. The reasons for the trial of the coup plotters are still classified.
Later role in Spanish politics
The victory of the PSOE in 1982 under González marked the effective end of the King's active involvement in Spanish politics. González governed for 14 years, longer than any other democratically elected Prime Minister. His administration helped consolidate Spanish democracy and thus maintained the stability of the nation.
On paper, Juan Carlos retained fairly extensive reserve powers. He was the guardian of the Constitution and was responsible for ensuring that it was obeyed. In practice, since the passage of the Constitution (and especially since 1982), he took a mostly non-partisan and representative role, acting almost entirely on the advice of the government. However, he commanded great moral authority as an essential symbol of the country's unity.
Under the Constitution, the King has immunity from prosecution in matters relating to his official duties. Consequently, he exercised most of his powers through the ministers; his acts as King (and not as a citizen) were not valid unless countersigned by a minister, who became politically responsible for the act in question.
As head of the Spanish state, Juan Carlos "held political power, gave his opinion and exerted his influence in the economic sphere, for example, in the area of company mergers or public policy during the transition period," analyses journalist Ana Pardo.
The honour of the royal family is specifically protected from insult by the Spanish Penal Code. Under this protection, Basque independentist Arnaldo Otegi and cartoonists from El Jueves were tried and punished.
The King gave an annual speech to the nation on Christmas Eve and was, as King, the commander-in-chief of the Spanish armed forces.
In October 1990, Juan Carlos visited the Chilean city of Valdivia amidst the beginning of the Chilean transition to democracy. While he and the Queen were cheered by some, groups of indigenous Mapuches approached the king some to protest past colonialism and others to have the King ratify past Mapuche-Spanish treaties. According to El País political infighting between Mapuches prevented Juan Carlos from hosting an official meeting with Mapuche representatives.
In July 2000, Juan Carlos was the target of an enraged protester when former priest Juan María Fernández y Krohn, who had once attacked Pope John Paul II, breached security and attempted to approach the king.
When the media asked Juan Carlos in 2005 whether he would endorse the bill legalising same-sex marriage that was then being debated in the Cortes Generales, he answered "Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica" ("I am the King of Spain, not of Belgium")a reference to King Baudouin of Belgium, who had refused to sign the Belgian law legalising abortion. The King gave his Royal Assent to Law 13/2005 on 1 July 2005; the law legalising same-sex marriage was gazetted in the Boletín Oficial del Estado on 2 July, and came into effect on 3 July.
According to a poll in the newspaper El Mundo in November 2005, 77.5% of Spaniards thought Juan Carlos was "good or very good", 15.4% "not so good", and only 7.1% "bad or very bad". Even so, the issue of the monarchy re-emerged on 28 September 2007 as photos of the king were burnt in public in Catalonia by small groups of protesters wanting the restoration of the Republic.
2007 Ibero-American Summit
In November 2007, at the Ibero-American Summit in Santiago de Chile, during a heated exchange, Juan Carlos interrupted Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, saying, "¿Por qué no te callas?" ("Why don't you shut up?"). Chávez had been interrupting the Spanish Prime Minister, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, while the latter was defending his predecessor and political opponent, José María Aznar, after Chávez had referred to Aznar as a fascist and "less human than snakes". The King shortly afterwards left the hall when President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua accused Spain of intervention in his country's elections and complained about some Spanish energy companies working in Nicaragua. This was an unprecedented diplomatic incident and a rare display of public anger by the King.
Budget of the royal house
Juan Carlos detailed for the first time in 2011 the yearly royal budget of €8.3 million, excluding expenses such as the electricity bill, paid by the State.
Botswana hunting trip
In April 2012, Juan Carlos faced criticism for an elephant-hunting trip in Botswana. The public found out about the trip only after the King injured himself and a special aircraft was sent to bring him home. Spanish officials stated that the expenses of the trip were not paid by taxpayers or by the palace, but by Mohamed Eyad Kayali, a businessman of Syrian origin. Cayo Lara Moya of the United Left party said the King's trip "demonstrated a lack of ethics and respect toward many people in this country who are suffering a lot" while Tomás Gómez of the Socialist party said Juan Carlos should choose between "public responsibilities or an abdication". In April 2012, Spain's unemployment was at 23% and nearly 50% for young workers. El País estimated the total cost of a hunting trip at €44,000, about twice the average annual salary in Spain. A petition called for the king to resign from his position as honorary president of the Spanish branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature. The WWF itself responded by asking for an interview with the King to resolve the situation. In July 2012, WWF-Spain held a meeting in Madrid and decided with 226 votes to 13 to remove the King from its honorary presidency. He later apologised for the hunting trip.
Up until the Botswana elephant trip, Juan Carlos had enjoyed a high level of shielding from media scrutiny, described as "rare among Western leaders".
Interfaith work
On the 500th anniversary of the Alhambra Decree in 1992, King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofia visited the Beth Yaacov Synagogue in Madrid, led by Chief Rabbif of Madrid Yehuda Benasouli to commemorate the occasion. While Sofia had been to the synagogue in the 1970s, the occasion marked the first time that the king had visited a synagogue in Spain. The Spanish royals were joined by Israeli President Chaim Herzog, Herzog's predecessor Yitzhak Navon, Rabbi Solomon Gaon and other Israeli and Spanish officials. Also present were descendants of Abraham Senior and Isaac Abarbanel, who had unsuccessfully petitioned King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to retract the edict.
In 2008, Juan Carlos spoke at the opening of a 3-day Saudi-sponsored World Conference on Dialogue interfaith conference at the Royal Palace of El Pardo outside Madrid. The conference was attended by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Rabbi David Rosen, and former British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
Abdication
Spanish news media started to speculate about the King's future in 2013, following public criticism over his taking an elephant hunting safari in Botswana and an embezzlement scandal involving his daughter, Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca, and her husband Iñaki Urdangarin. The King's private secretary, Rafael Spottorno, denied in a briefing that the "abdication option" was being considered.
On the morning of 2 June 2014, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy made a televised announcement that the King had told him of his intention to abdicate. Later, the King delivered a televised address and announced that he would abdicate the throne in favour of the Prince of Asturias. Royal officials described the King's choice as a personal decision which he had been contemplating since his 76th birthday at the start of the year. The King reportedly said, "No queremos que mi hijo se marchite esperando como el príncipe Carlos." (English: "We do not want my son to wither waiting like Prince Charles.")
As required by the Spanish constitution, any abdication would be settled by means of an organic law. A draft law was passed with 299 in favour, 19 against and 23 abstaining. On 18 June, he signed the organic law passed by parliament several hours before his abdication took effect. Felipe was enthroned on 19 June 2014, and Juan Carlos's granddaughter Leonor became the new Princess of Asturias. Juan Carlos was the fourth European monarch to abdicate in just over a year, following Pope Benedict XVI (28 February 2013), Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (30 April 2013), and King Albert II of Belgium (21 July 2013).
The Spanish constitution at the time of the abdication did not grant an abdicated monarch the legal immunity of a head of state, but the government changed the law to allow this. However, unlike his previous immunity, the new legislation left him accountable to the supreme court, in a similar type of protection afforded to many high-ranking civil servants and politicians in Spain. The legislation stipulates that all outstanding legal matters relating to the former king be suspended and passed "immediately" to the supreme court.
Reactions
The Spanish press gave the announcement a broadly positive reception, but described the moment as an "institutional crisis" and "a very important moment in the history of democratic Spain". Around Spain and in major cities (including London) the news was met by republican celebration and protests, calling for the end of the monarchy.
Catalan leader Artur Mas said that the news of the King's abdication would not slow down the process of independence for Catalonia. Iñigo Urkullu, the President of the Basque government, concluded that the King's reign was "full of light yet also darkness" and said that his successor Felipe should remember that "the Basque Question has not been resolved". Other regional leaders had more positive evaluations of Juan Carlos following his decision to abdicate: Alberto Núñez Feijóo of Galicia called him "the King of Democracy" who "guaranteed the continuation of constitutional monarchy" and Alberto Fabra of the Valencian Community said that Spaniards are proud of their king who had been "at the forefront of protecting our interests inside and outside of our borders".
British Prime Minister David Cameron stated: "I would like to use this opportunity to make a tribute to King Juan Carlos, who has done so much during his reign to aid the successful Spanish transition to democracy, and has been a great friend of the United Kingdom." The President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso, said that Juan Carlos was a "believer in Europeanism and modernity...without whom one could not understand modern Spain".
The Spanish public also gave a broadly positive opinion not only of the abdication but of his reign as a whole. According to a poll taken by El Mundo, 65% saw the King's reign as either good or very good, up from 41.3%. Overall, 55.7% of those polled in the 3–5 June survey by Sigma Dos supported the institution of the monarchy in Spain, up from 49.9% when the same question was posed six months prior. 57.5% believed the Prince could restore the royal family's lost prestige. An overwhelming majority of Spaniards believed the new King, Felipe VI, would make a good monarch and more than three-quarters believed King Juan Carlos had been right to hand over the throne to his son.
Retirement
After abdication, Juan Carlos continued to have a role as institutional representative of the Crown.
From June 2014 to June 2019, he attended several Latin American presidential inaugurations such as the second inauguration of Juan Manuel Santos as president of Colombia, the inauguration of Tabaré Vázquez as president of Uruguay, and the inauguration of Mauricio Macri as president of Argentina. He also represented the Crown in different cultural and sports events, funerals, and awards ceremonies. Finally, the former sovereign was also present in the events about the 40th anniversary of the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
On 27 May 2019, King Juan Carlos announced by a letter to his son Felipe his intention to retire from public life on 2 June 2019, five years later after his abdication.
Corruption investigations
2020 Saudi rail deal
Recordings of the former King's alleged mistress Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn speaking with a former police chief were leaked to the press in mid-2018. Sayn-Wittgenstein claimed that Juan Carlos received kick-backs from commercial contracts in the Gulf States – particularly in the late-2000s construction of the €6.7 billion Haramain high-speed railway in Saudi Arabia – and maintained these proceeds in a bank account in Switzerland. She alleged that he purchased properties in Monaco under her name to circumvent the tax treatment of lawful residents, stating "[not] because he [loved] me a lot, but because I reside in Monaco." She further claimed the head of the Spanish intelligence service warned her that her life, and those of her children, would be at risk if she spoke of their association. The allegations drew demands for Juan Carlos to be investigated for corruption in early June 2019.
Swiss authorities began investigating Juan Carlos in March 2020 in relation to a $100 million gift to Sayn-Wittgenstein in 2012. This donation was linked to alleged kick-back fees from Saudi Arabia. Sayn-Wittgenstein reportedly told the head Swiss prosecutor on 19 December 2018 that Juan Carlos had given her €65 million out of "gratitude and love", to guarantee her future and her children's, because "he still had hopes to win her back". A letter written by Juan Carlos to his Swiss lawyers in 2018 stated the gift was irrevocable, despite his having asked in 2014 for the return of the money. On 14 March 2020, The Telegraph reported that his son Felipe, King of Spain since 2014, appeared as second beneficiary (after Juan Carlos) of the Lucum Foundation, which had received a €65 million donation by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. On 15 March 2020, the Royal Household declared that Felipe VI would renounce any inheritance from his father. Additionally, the Household announced that the former king would lose his public stipend from the State's General Budget.
In June 2020, the public prosecutor's office of the Supreme Court of Spain agreed to investigate Juan Carlos's role as facilitator in Phase II of the high speed rail connecting Mecca and Medina, intending to determine the criminal relevance of events that took place after his abdication in June 2014. As King of Spain, Juan Carlos was immune from prosecution from 1975 to 2014 by sovereign immunity.
A further investigation by Swiss authorities was undertaken regarding €3.5 million paid from the Lucum Foundation to the Bahamas-based bank Pictet & Ciein for a society called Dolphin, which was controlled by the lawyer Dante Canónica, who also controlled Lucum.
In December 2021, the Swiss prosecutors dropped all cases due to the impossibility of proving any illegality.
Credit cards and bank accounts
Spanish prosecutors opened an investigation into the use by Juan Carlos and other members of the royal family of credit cards used between 2016 and 2018 which were paid for by an overseas account to which neither Juan Carlos nor any member of the royal family were signatories, leading to accusations that the funds are undisclosed assets of Juan Carlos, and as the card drawings exceeded €120,000 in one year, comprised undisclosed income and was therefore a tax offence in Spain. Mexican millionaire and investment banker Allen Sanginés-Krause has been named as the owner of the cards, a friend of Juan Carlos to whom he donated sums of money using Air Force Colonel Nicolás Murga Mendoza as an intermediary.
In December 2020, Juan Carlos reportedly paid 678,393.72 euros to Spain's tax agency for the concept of defrauded money in an affair of "opaque credit cards" used between 2016 and 2018 by himself, his wife and some grandchildren, intending to avoid further scrutiny from the Supreme Court's prosecutor, the payment being an admission of fraud.
Swiss and Spanish prosecutors also investigated several accounts related to the former King, such as an account in Switzerland with almost €8 million and an attempt to withdraw nearly €10 million from Jersey, possibly from a trust set up by or for Juan Carlos in the 1990s. Juan Carlos claims he is "not responsible for any Jersey trust and never has been, either directly or indirectly".
In March 2022, Spanish prosecutors closed all cases against him following the same decision from Swiss prosecutors in December 2021.
Zagatka Foundation
Founded in Liechtenstein in 2003 and owned by Álvaro de Orleans-Borbón, a distant cousin of Juan Carlos who lives in Monaco received a large sum of money from Switzerland, Juan Carlos is named as the third beneficiary. In 2009 Álvaro de Orleans-Borbón paid a cheque from Mexico for €4.3 million into the account which the Swiss adjudicated belonged to Juan Carlos. Juan Carlos appears to have drawn down funds from the Zagatka foundation to spend €8 million between 2009 and 2018 on private flights, with Air Partner receiving around €6.1 million. Zagatka used commissions due to Juan Carlos and paid to Zagatka to invest millions, mainly in Ibex35 companies between 2003 and 2018.
On 25 February 2021, Juan Carlos paid 4 million euros to the Spanish Tax Agency to avoid new tax offenses in relation with these flights.
Lucum foundation
A Panamanian Lucum foundation had Juan Carlos as the first beneficiary and King Felipe VI as a named second beneficiary, although King Felipe VI has subsequently relinquished any inheritance from his father Juan Carlos. Lucum received $100 million from the Saudi royal house in 2008. Swiss prosecutors are concerned about who at the Swiss bank Mirabaud & Cie knows who the account was for and what was discovered about the source of the funds from the Ministry of Finance of Saudi Arabia. They are also concerned about a transfer of €3.5m from Lucum to an account held by Dante Canónica in the Bahamas. In 2012 the Mirabaud bank, which had concealed from its employees the beneficial owner of the account, asked for the account to be closed, due to possible adverse publicity; this was when the bulk of the funds were transferred to Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.
Claims of harassment
In 2020, Sayn-Wittgenstein, resident in the United Kingdom, filed an harassment case in London against Juan Carlos, claiming he'd pressured her to return the money given to her after their break up in 2012. In 2022, Juan Carlos won an appeal that he had immunity from those allegations relating to 2012-2014 when he was still King.
In 2023, the High Court of England and Wales threw out the case on the grounds that it had no jurisdiction in the matter, but made no judgement as to the substance of the allegations.
Relocation abroad
On 3 August 2020, the Royal Household announced Juan Carlos wished to relocate from Spain because of increased media press about his business dealings in Saudi Arabia, and he had left a letter to his son saying so. By the time the letter had been made public, he had already left the country. Journalists speculated that he might have fled to the Dominican Republic, Portugal, France, and Italy, and, later, as of 7 August, the Emirates Palace in Abu Dhabi. The Royal Household initially declined requests to publicly disclose Juan Carlos's location; on 17 August, the Royal Household confirmed that, since 3 August, Juan Carlos had been in the United Arab Emirates, where he arrived by taking a private plane from Vigo Airport.
Since then, he has visited Spain regularly, mainly the town of Sanxenxo, in the north of Spain, to do one of his favorite activities, sailing.
Family and private life
Juan Carlos was married on 14 May 1962, to Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, daughter of King Paul of Greece, firstly in a Roman Catholic ceremony at the Church of St. Denis, followed by a Greek Orthodox ceremony at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens. She converted from Greek Orthodoxy to Roman Catholicism. Together, they have two daughters and one son:
Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo (born 20 December 1963)
Infanta Cristina (born 13 June 1965)
King Felipe VI of Spain (born 30 January 1968)
Juan Carlos is also the alleged father of Alberto Solà Jimenez, born in Barcelona in 1956, also of a woman born in Catalonia in 1964, and of Ingrid Sartiau, a Belgian woman born in 1966 who has filed a paternity suit, but complete sovereign immunity prevented that suit prior to his abdication.
Juan Carlos had several extramarital affairs, which adversely affected his marriage. In 2021, the former police official José Manuel Villarejo testified that Juan Carlos was given hormones to reduce his sex drive, as it was seen as a state problem.
In 1972, Juan Carlos, a keen sailor, competed in the Dragon class event at the Olympic Games, finishing 15th. During their summer holidays, the whole family spends time at Marivent Palace (Palma de Mallorca) and on the yacht Fortuna, where they would take part in sailing competitions. The king has manned the Bribón series of yachts. In winter, the family often went skiing in Baqueira-Beret and Candanchú (Pyrenees). At present, his hobbies include classic sailing boats. He also hunts bears; in October 2004, he angered environmental activists by killing nine bears in central Romania, one of which was pregnant. It was alleged by the Russian regional authorities that in August 2006 Juan Carlos shot a drunken tame bear (Mitrofan the Bear) during a private hunting trip to Russia; the Office of the Spanish Monarchy denied this claim.
He is a member of the World Scout Foundation and of the Sons of the American Revolution.
Health
A benign 17–19 mm tumour was removed under general anaesthetic from King Juan Carlos's right lung in an operation carried out in the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona in May 2010. The operation followed an annual check-up, and Juan Carlos was not expected to need any further treatment.
In April 2012, the King underwent surgery for a triple fracture of the hip at the San Jose Hospital, Madrid, following a fall on a private elephant-hunting trip to Botswana. He also underwent a hip operation in September 2013 at Madrid's Quirón hospital. In April 2018, Juan Carlos was admitted to hospital for a surgery on his right knee.
On 24 August 2019 he had heart surgery.
In popular culture
His life between 1948 and 1993 is dealt in the 2014 miniseries .
As of 2021, there are 4 simultaneous television projects in development set to portray the former king, some of which span along a wider time period of the Royal Household: Palacio real. Brillo y tragedia de la monarquía española (Diagonal TV), El rey (The Mediapro Studio), El emérito (Mandarina Producciones) and XRey (Starzplay, Sony Pictures TV and The Weekend Studio).
Titles, styles, honours and arms
In 1969, Juan Carlos was named as General Franco's successor and was given the title of 'Prince of Spain'. Upon the death of Franco in 1975, Juan Carlos acceded to the throne of Spain. The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarch by the simple title "King of Spain". Aside from this title, the constitution allows for the use of other historic titles pertaining to the Spanish monarchy, without specifying them. This was also reiterated by a decree promulgated on 6 November 1987 concerning titles of members of the royal family. Since his abdication in 2014, King Juan Carlos has retained, by courtesy, the title and style of king that he enjoyed during his reign.
Arms
Ancestry
See also
List of honours of the Spanish Royal Family by country
Line of succession to the Spanish throne
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
Paul Preston, Juan Carlos: Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy, W W Norton & Co Inc, June 2004. .
Ronald Hilton, SPAIN: King Juan Carlos.
Vilallonga, José Luis de, The King, Orion Publishing, 1994.
Wilsford, David, ed. Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary (Greenwood, 1995) pp. 207–15.
External links
Official website of the Spanish Royal Family
Full text of the King's broadcast regarding his abdication
Organic Law approving Juan Carlos's abdication, published in the Boletin Oficial del Estado
Juan Carlos I abdicates (2 June 2014)
Biography by CIDOB
1938 births
20th-century Roman Catholics
20th-century Spanish monarchs
21st-century Roman Catholics
21st-century Spanish monarchs
Air captain generals
Captain generals of the Navy
Claimant kings of Jerusalem
Fellows of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Francoist Spain
Fratricides
House of Bourbon (Spain)
Hunters
Living people
Monarchs who abdicated
Royal Olympic participants
Olympic sailors for Spain
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award
Sailors at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Dragon
Members of the Sons of the American Revolution
Spanish captain generals
Spanish male karateka
Spanish male sailors (sport)
Spanish Roman Catholics
Spanish transition to democracy
Navarrese titular monarchs
Recipients of the Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania
International Simón Bolívar Prize recipients
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class
Spanish expatriates in Portugal
Spanish expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
Grand Collars of the Order of Lakandula
Nansen Refugee Award laureates
Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Ipiranga |
Église Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul is the Catholic parish church of the village of Neuwiller-lès-Saverne, in the Bas-Rhin department of France.
Formerly the church of a rich Benedictine abbey founded in 726, it is surrounded by buildings and ruins that had once belonged to the same order. Thanks to its Romanesque parts, the church is a stage on the Romanesque Road of Alsace. It is classified as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 1840, making it a part of the very first list of such heritage buildings.
Architecture
The church's exterior architecture is strikingly clear-cut, insofar as its visible parts are growing younger from East to West, or older from West to East. The purely Romanesque superposed chapels behind the choir date from the 11th century; the choir itself, the transept and the easternmost bay of the nave date from the late 12th and early 13th century and reflect a transitional style between Romanesque and Gothic architecture; the rest of the nave was rebuilt later in the 13th century, in a sober but well defined Gothic style; while the facade with its porch tower was rebuilt between 1768 and 1773 in the Louis Quinze style. The crossing tower was modified by architect Émile Boeswillwald during a restoration campaign in the years 1852–1858. Interestingly, the former church of the nearby Marmoutier Abbey has an identical architectural history, but in reverse: the western part is Romanesque, the nave is Gothic and the choir was rebuilt in the 18th century. Each church also has a crypt that is even older than the surfacing parts (in Neuwiller's case, it dates from the 9th century).
Inside, the choir is separated from the rear chapels by a wall that appears to shorten the visible space: while the whole building's length is , the total combined length of nave, transept and choir is only .
Description
The church holds the relics of Saint Adelphus since the first half of the 9th century. In the Middle Ages, these relics had become so popular with pilgrims that the Benedictines built a second church nearby (1190–1225, now the village's Protestant church) specially to serve as a shrine, so as to remain undisturbed in their own sanctuary. The reliquary of Saint Adelphus was later moved back into Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul in the 19th century, after the dissolution of the abbey following the French Revolution.
Among the many works of art inside the former abbey church, the four, late 15th or early 16th-century tapestries depicting the life and the miracles of Adelphus, on display in the upper of the superposed Romanesque chapels (dedicated to Saint Sebastian), are perhaps the most notable. A strikingly gory scene depicts a knight being forced by divine wrath to devour his own hand after having tried to break the saint's sarcophagus. The 12th-century baptismal fonts, the 14th-century statue of the Virgin and Child, the 1478 Entombment of Christ, and the 18th-century carved choir stalls are also especially noteworthy. All these objects are classified as monuments historiques.
Gallery
References
External links
Restoration of the church (ongoing), , 24 June 2016
Restoration of the church (ongoing), Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace, 16 July 2016
Restoration of the church (finished), Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace, 22 June 2019
Monasteries in France
Monuments historiques of Bas-Rhin
Romanesque architecture in France
Gothic architecture in France
Pilgrimage churches
Roman Catholic churches in France
Neoclassical church buildings in France |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package register
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"os"
"testing"
"k8s.io/minikube/pkg/minikube/tests"
)
func TestPrintStep(t *testing.T) {
Reg.SetStep(InitialSetup)
expected := `{"data":{"currentstep":"0","message":"message","name":"Initial Minikube Setup","totalsteps":"%v"},"datacontenttype":"application/json","id":"random-id","source":"path_to_url","specversion":"1.0","type":"io.k8s.sigs.minikube.step"}`
expected = fmt.Sprintf(expected, Reg.totalSteps())
expected += "\n"
buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
SetOutputFile(buf)
defer func() { SetOutputFile(os.Stdout) }()
GetUUID = func() string {
return "random-id"
}
PrintStep("message")
actual := buf.Bytes()
tests.CompareJSON(t, actual, []byte(expected))
}
func TestPrintInfo(t *testing.T) {
expected := `{"data":{"message":"info"},"datacontenttype":"application/json","id":"random-id","source":"path_to_url","specversion":"1.0","type":"io.k8s.sigs.minikube.info"}`
expected += "\n"
buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
SetOutputFile(buf)
defer func() { SetOutputFile(os.Stdout) }()
GetUUID = func() string {
return "random-id"
}
PrintInfo("info")
actual := buf.Bytes()
tests.CompareJSON(t, actual, []byte(expected))
}
func TestError(t *testing.T) {
expected := `{"data":{"message":"error"},"datacontenttype":"application/json","id":"random-id","source":"path_to_url","specversion":"1.0","type":"io.k8s.sigs.minikube.error"}`
expected += "\n"
buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
SetOutputFile(buf)
defer func() { SetOutputFile(os.Stdout) }()
GetUUID = func() string {
return "random-id"
}
PrintError("error")
actual := buf.Bytes()
tests.CompareJSON(t, actual, []byte(expected))
}
func TestErrorExitCode(t *testing.T) {
expected := `{"data":{"a":"b","c":"d","exitcode":"5","message":"error"},"datacontenttype":"application/json","id":"random-id","source":"path_to_url","specversion":"1.0","type":"io.k8s.sigs.minikube.error"}`
expected += "\n"
buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
SetOutputFile(buf)
defer func() { SetOutputFile(os.Stdout) }()
GetUUID = func() string {
return "random-id"
}
PrintErrorExitCode("error", 5, map[string]string{"a": "b"}, map[string]string{"c": "d"})
actual := buf.Bytes()
tests.CompareJSON(t, actual, []byte(expected))
}
func TestWarning(t *testing.T) {
expected := `{"data":{"message":"warning"},"datacontenttype":"application/json","id":"random-id","source":"path_to_url","specversion":"1.0","type":"io.k8s.sigs.minikube.warning"}`
expected += "\n"
buf := bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{})
SetOutputFile(buf)
defer func() { SetOutputFile(os.Stdout) }()
GetUUID = func() string {
return "random-id"
}
PrintWarning("warning")
actual := buf.Bytes()
tests.CompareJSON(t, actual, []byte(expected))
}
``` |
Mark Anthony Bradley (born January 29, 1982) is a former American football wide receiver and punt returner who played five seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Chicago Bears in the second round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Oklahoma.
Bradley also played for the Kansas City Chiefs, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and New Orleans Saints. Bradley's father, Danny Bradley, played for the Los Angeles Rams and Detroit Lions. His mother Deborah Perry raised him in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
Professional career
Pre-draft
Chicago Bears
Due to a season-ending injury against the Detroit Lions, Bradley was a small part of the Bears 2005 offense, starting only eight games, and recording just 18 receptions for 230 yards.
Following an injury to Bernard Berrian during week nine of the 2006 season, Bradley became a productive asset for the Bears’ offense. While filling in for Berrian in the following weeks, Bradley caught two touchdown passes for 202 yards. He scored a 75-yard touchdown during the season finale in a 26-7 loss to the Green Bay Packers.
Bradley was released by the Bears on September 23, 2008 after the team signed cornerback Marcus Hamilton.
Kansas City Chiefs
Bradley was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs on October 1, 2008. He threw the first touchdown pass of his career to quarterback Tyler Thigpen, on a wide-receiver reverse trick play, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Bradley was released by the team on December 22, 2009 after the team re-signed wide receiver Quinten Lawrence.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Bradley was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 23, 2009.
Bradley was released by the Buccaneers on June 16, 2010 to make room for sixth-round draft pick Brent Bowden. He failed to appear in a single game for the Buccaneers.
New Orleans Saints
Bradley signed with the New Orleans Saints on August 6, 2010. The Saints released Bradley on August 24.
References
1982 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football players
Chicago Bears players
Kansas City Chiefs players
New Orleans Saints players
Oklahoma Sooners football players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Players of American football from Pine Bluff, Arkansas |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_FAST_ACCESSOR_ASSEMBLER_H_
#define V8_FAST_ACCESSOR_ASSEMBLER_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "include/v8-experimental.h"
#include "src/base/macros.h"
#include "src/handles.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
class Code;
class CodeStubAssembler;
class Isolate;
class Zone;
namespace compiler {
class Node;
class CodeAssemblerLabel;
class CodeAssemblerState;
class CodeAssemblerVariable;
}
// This interface "exports" an aggregated subset of RawMachineAssembler, for
// use by the API to implement Fast Dom Accessors.
//
// This interface is made for this single purpose only and does not attempt
// to implement a general purpose solution. If you need one, please look at
// RawMachineAssembler instead.
//
// The life cycle of a FastAccessorAssembler has two phases:
// - After creating the instance, you can call an arbitrary sequence of
// builder functions to build the desired function.
// - When done, you can Build() the accessor and query for the build results.
//
// You cannot call any result getters before Build() was called & successful;
// and you cannot call any builder functions after Build() was called.
class FastAccessorAssembler {
public:
typedef v8::experimental::FastAccessorBuilder::ValueId ValueId;
typedef v8::experimental::FastAccessorBuilder::LabelId LabelId;
typedef v8::FunctionCallback FunctionCallback;
explicit FastAccessorAssembler(Isolate* isolate);
~FastAccessorAssembler();
// Builder / assembler functions:
ValueId IntegerConstant(int int_constant);
ValueId GetReceiver();
ValueId LoadInternalField(ValueId value_id, int field_no);
// Loads internal field and assumes the object is indeed a valid API object
// with the proper internal fields present.
// The intended use is to call this on an object whose structure has already
// been checked previously, e.g. the accessor's receiver, which is map-checked
// before the fast accessor is called on it. Using this on an arbitrary object
// will result in unsafe memory accesses.
ValueId LoadInternalFieldUnchecked(ValueId value_id, int field_no);
ValueId LoadValue(ValueId value_id, int offset);
ValueId LoadObject(ValueId value_id, int offset);
// Converts a machine integer to a SMI.
ValueId ToSmi(ValueId value_id);
// Builder / assembler functions for control flow.
void ReturnValue(ValueId value_id);
void CheckFlagSetOrReturnNull(ValueId value_id, int mask);
void CheckNotZeroOrReturnNull(ValueId value_id);
LabelId MakeLabel();
void SetLabel(LabelId label_id);
void Goto(LabelId label_id);
void CheckNotZeroOrJump(ValueId value_id, LabelId label_id);
// C++ callback.
ValueId Call(FunctionCallback callback, ValueId arg);
// Assemble the code.
MaybeHandle<Code> Build();
private:
ValueId FromRaw(compiler::Node* node);
LabelId FromRaw(compiler::CodeAssemblerLabel* label);
compiler::Node* FromId(ValueId value) const;
compiler::CodeAssemblerLabel* FromId(LabelId value) const;
void CheckIsJSObjectOrJump(ValueId value, LabelId label_id);
void Clear();
Zone* zone() { return &zone_; }
Isolate* isolate() const { return isolate_; }
Zone zone_;
Isolate* isolate_;
std::unique_ptr<compiler::CodeAssemblerState> assembler_state_;
std::unique_ptr<CodeStubAssembler> assembler_;
// To prevent exposing the RMA internals to the outside world, we'll map
// Node + Label pointers integers wrapped in ValueId and LabelId instances.
// These vectors maintain this mapping.
std::vector<compiler::Node*> nodes_;
std::vector<compiler::CodeAssemblerLabel*> labels_;
// Remember the current state for easy error checking. (We prefer to be
// strict as this class will be exposed at the API.)
enum { kBuilding, kBuilt, kError } state_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(FastAccessorAssembler);
};
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
#endif // V8_FAST_ACCESSOR_ASSEMBLER_H_
``` |
Barenaked for the Holidays is a holiday-themed studio album released by Canadian band Barenaked Ladies on October 5, 2004. The album includes Christmas and Hanukkah songs as well as "Auld Lang Syne", which is traditionally sung on New Year's Eve. There are also several songs that are simply about the winter season. The album was the first album recorded at Steven Page's studio, Fresh Baked Woods and was the first released independently by Barenaked Ladies' Desperation Records label (and distributed by the Warner Music Group). It was the band's first studio album for which a "naked track" (recorded in the nude) was not recorded. This album achieved Gold status in Canada.
Barenaked Ladies also collaborated with fellow Canadian artists Sarah McLachlan ("God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen", originally recorded in August 1996) and a then relatively unknown Michael Bublé ("Elf's Lament").
Production
While the album contains some faithful interpretations of traditional songs, much of the album plays true to Ladies' off-kilter spirit. "Jingle Bells" begins as a slow, faithful rendition before breaking into an up-tempo version, including the "Batman smells..." lyric variation, and Page breaking down laughing. Several existing songs are included in the form of keyboard interludes; "Happy Birthday to You" is included as a hidden track in the form "Happy Birthday Jesus". The song "Deck the Stills" is an adaptation or parody of the song "Deck the Halls" with the lyrics "Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young" repeated in place of the real lyrics (it was an in-joke with the band at the time to use these lyrics in other songs).
The album also includes the Band Aid charity song, "Do They Know It's Christmas?", all the royalties from which the band donates to the Stephen Lewis Foundation. The collaboration with Sarah McLachlan for "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" was released on a prior compilation, Christmas Songs, in 2000. Finally, the album includes seven songs written by the band.
The album was a popular release during the Christmas season of 2004, and reached No. 64 in the regular Billboard album charts. Barenaked Ladies promoted the album with the Barenaked for the Holidays Tour in 2004 and 2005.
Former member Steven Page later admitted that the album was not his idea, and that a holiday themed album was not what he wanted to do following Everything to Everyone.
Releases
E.P. Version
An E.P. of Hanukkah-themed songs named the Barenaked for Hanukkah E.P. was released as a digital download on November 15, 2005. It contains a live version of "Hanukkah, O Hanukkah" from the band's Toronto concert on November 20, 2004, as well as the album versions of "Hanukkah Blessings" and "I Have a Little Dreidel". It was certified gold in Canada.
Barenaked on a Stick
Barenaked on a Stick is a 128MB USB flash drive that contains the Holidays CD, live songs and ad libs, a demo recording, videos of the album recording, promo photos and buddy icons for instant messaging programs. It was sold initially at the 2005 holiday concert tour, and then through Nettwerk's online store, and though Amazon.com. The USB stick was part of a product test by the band to see if there was a market for releasing albums on reusable media. Their next album Barenaked Ladies Are Me was also released on USB flash drive, as were subsequent live recordings.
Rock Band
The song "Hanukkah Blessings" was released on the Rock Band music store on December 23, 2008.
Track listing
Personnel
Barenaked Ladies
Steven Page – vocals, guitar
Ed Robertson – vocals, guitar
Jim Creeggan – bass, vocals
Tyler Stewart – drums, percussion, vocals
Kevin Hearn – keyboards, piano, accordion, vocals
Additional personnel
Michael Bublé – vocals
Kelly Maureen McKenna – mandolin, guitar, vocals
Sarah McLachlan – vocals
Production
Jeremy Darby – engineer
Michael Phillip Wojewoda – mixing
Ted Jensen – mastering
Don Garbutt – digital editing
Paul Forgues – assistant
Rob Menegoni – technical assistance
Keith Rudyk – technical assistance
Barenaked Ladies – arranger
Andrew MacNaughton – photography
John Rummen – artwork
References
2004 Christmas albums
Barenaked Ladies albums
Christmas albums by Canadian artists
Alternative rock Christmas albums |
Ahalya is a 2015 Indian mystery thriller short film directed by Sujoy Ghosh with Radhika Apte, Soumitra Chatterjee and Tota Roy Chowdhury playing the lead roles.
Plot
A young police officer, Indra Sen arrives at the home of famous ageing artist, Goutam Sadhu, to investigate the case of a missing man named Arjun. There, he is greeted by Goutam's young and beautiful wife Ahalya, whom he had taken to be daughter of Goutam Sadhu. Indra sees an array of realistic looking dolls on a mantlepiece, and notices that one looks almost identical to Arjun. A stone, which is encased in glass, is also placed there. One doll falls over, and Ahalya chastises the figure before placing back with the others. She attributes this sudden movement to wind from the ceiling fan. Ahalya serves tea to the men and subtly flirts with Indra in Goutam's presence, while Goutam's distracted. She then returns upstairs to her room but forgets her mobile phone on the table. Indra asks Goutam about Arjun, a model who has not been seen since working for the artist. Goutam tells Indra that the stone in the glass case has magical qualities and that anybody who touches it turns into whosoever he or she wishes. He tells Indra that Arjun knew of the stone and suggests that he may have used it. Indra does not believe him initially but agrees to try it. Ahalya calls down to her husband to bring her mobile phone to her. Goutam instructs Indra to hold the stone and imagine himself to be Goutam, taking the mobile phone up to Ahalya. He does so. Entering the bedroom, Indra sees himself as he truly is, but his mirror reflection is that of Goutam. Ahalya speaks to Indra as if he were her husband, and instructs him to get rid of the police officer, and hurry back to bed with her. Indra steps into the hallway momentarily, but then returns to the room to romantically embrace Ahalya.
The scene cuts away to Indra being in a dark area, restrained and unable to move. His screams are unheard, as he is now trapped within a new doll, which sits with the collection of other dolls on the mantlepiece. As he struggles, his doll falls over, and is picked up and chastised by Ahalya. The film ends with the restrained Indra hopelessly screaming in the dark area within the doll.
Cast
Radhika Apte as Ahalya, based on the Hindu epic character Ahalya.
Soumitra Chatterjee as Goutam Sadhu, an artist and Ahalya's husband, based on the sage Gautama Maharishi.
Tota Roy Chowdhury as the Policeman Indra Sen, based on the god Indra.
Ayushman Mitra as Arjun.
Inspirations
The film takes elements from the story of Ahalya from Ramayana but crafts a modern version of it with a spin. In the original tale the young and beautiful Ahalya is seduced by Indra (the king of the gods), and is cursed by much older husband sage Gautama to turn into a stone. But in the retelling of the story in the film, the punishment is visited on the character based on Indra alone, while the woman is shown to be an accomplice in the seduction game.
The film has shades of The Collection, an episode from The Twilight Zone TV series and of Satyajit Ray's short story Professor Shonku and Strange Dolls (Professor Shonku O Ashchorjo Putul) and also of Alma, an animated short film.
Sequel
Director Ghosh told media that there will be a sequel to this film, which was scheduled to release in February 2017.
See also
Anukul
References
External links
Large Short Films
Ahalya on Indian Short Movies
Sujoy Ghosh's Epic Thriller Ahalya
Ahalya on Facebook
Bengali-language Indian films
2015 films
Indian short films
Films directed by Sujoy Ghosh
2010s Bengali-language films
Films scored by Anupam Roy |
The Trinity Episcopal Church in Owensboro, Kentucky, is a historic church at 403 W. 5th Street. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Also known as Old Trinity Episcopal Church, it was built in 1875 and is deemed " a good example of the English influence
on early church architecture in the United States."
The church was in regular use until 1964 when the parish built a new building, the "New Trinity Episcopal Church", at 720 Ford Avenue. As of early 1972, the building was in use by the Cliff Hagan's Boys Club, which was to use it for a short time before another facility would become ready.
References
External links
Trinity Episcopal Church, official site
Episcopal church buildings in Kentucky
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
Churches in Owensboro, Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Daviess County, Kentucky
1875 establishments in Kentucky
Churches completed in 1875 |
The State Register of Heritage Places is maintained by the Heritage Council of Western Australia. , 64 places are heritage-listed in the Shire of Nungarin, of which eight are on the State Register of Heritage Places.
List
The Western Australian State Register of Heritage Places, , lists the following eight state registered places within the Shire of Nungarin:
References
Nungarin
State Register of Heritage Places in the Shire of Nungarin |
James Phillip Simms (January 16, 1837 – May 30, 1887) was a Confederate States Army brigadier general during the American Civil War (Civil War). He was a lawyer in Covington, Georgia, before and after the war. He served two non-consecutive terms in the Georgia legislature after the war.
Early life
James P. Simms was born January 16, 1837, at Covington, Georgia. He was a lawyer and a brigadier general in the Georgia militia before the Civil War. Not much else is known about his life before the Civil War.
American Civil War service
James P. Simms started his Confederate States Army service as a second lieutenant C.S.A. with the 6th Georgia Militia on October 21, 1861. By April 1862, he was a first lieutenant with the 42nd Georgia Infantry Regiment. On August 20, 1862, he was promoted to captain. On September 23, 1862, he became a major of the 53rd Georgia Infantry Regiment and on October 8, 1862, after the resignation of Colonel Leonard T. Doyal, he was promoted to colonel.
Simms commanded his regiment at the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Salem Church, where they captured the flag of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry Regiment. The regiment fought at the Battle of Gettysburg, especially on July 2, 1863.
The regiment went with Lieutenant General James Longstreet's corps to the Western Theater and fought in the Chattanooga Campaign and Knoxville Campaign. On November 29, 1863, Simms was wounded at the Battle of Fort Sanders (former Confederate Fort Loudon) at Knoxville, Tennessee.
Although the Eichers show Simms as next serving between September 30, 1864, and April 6, 1865, as commander of a brigade in Kershaw's division of the I Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, Warner and Sifakis say he commanded his regiment during the Overland Campaign and Sifakis says he commanded Brigadier General Goode Bryan's old brigade from June 2, 1864, because Goode Bryan relinquished command due to ill health on that date, until April 1865 except for a short period of time in early 1865. In the fall of 1864, Simms was transferred to the Shenandoah Valley in Major General Joseph Brevard Kershaw's division. In command of Goode Bryan's old brigade after Bryan's resignation on September 20, 1864, Simms commanded the brigade in the Valley Campaigns of 1864, distinguishing himself at the Battle of Cedar Creek.
During this period, on December 8, 1864, Simms was promoted to brigadier general. Returning from the Shenandoah Valley, Simms served during the Siege of Petersburg that winter.
After the Confederates evacuated Richmond, Virginia and Petersburg, Virginia, Simms was captured at the Battle of Sayler's Creek on April 6, 1865. Simms was paroled from the Union prisoner of war facility at Fort Warren (Massachusetts) on July 24, 1865.
Aftermath
Simms returned to Covington, Georgia, after the war. He resumed his law practice and served in the Georgia legislature in 1865–1866 and for the term starting in 1877. James Phillip Simms died on May 30, 1887, at Covington, Georgia, and was buried in Southview Cemetery at Covington.
See also
List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
Notes
References
Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay, 1988. . First published 1959 by McKay.
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
Stanchak, John E. "Simms, James Phillip" in Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War, edited by Patricia L. Faust. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. .
Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .
1837 births
1887 deaths
Confederate States Army generals
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
People from Covington, Georgia |
Avicine, tested and developed by AVI BioPharma, and also known as CTP-37 was trialled as a possible cancer vaccine to treat a number of different cancers. These included colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. The treatment was trialled as and intended to be induced via intramuscular injection into the bloodstream, the location dependent on the treatment area.
Common side effects during clinical trials included fever and chills as experienced with many other conventional vaccines. The vaccine operated by eliciting antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) a cancer associated protein expressed by most cancer cells, with the goal of prolonged survival for those affected.
Avicine was originated by AVI BioPharma in the USA, who licensed the product to SuperGen. However, due to delays in clinical testing, as a result of research difficulties, the owners of Avicine were forced to direct their attention to other areas being the investigation and treatment of cardiovascular and infectious disease indications.
Medical Uses
Avicine never reached the commercial treatment phase as research was discontinued on 15 January 2007. The cancers Avicine was designed to manage were, pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancer. In a one-year, Phase II Avicine cancer vaccine study, a group of patients were treated with Avicine alongside the combination of Gemcitabine (Gemzar), the results yielding that Avicine could be induced alongside Gemzar, in the prostate region. As the 3rd and 4th clinical trials were not done this was never done as a commercial treatment.
Contraindications and drug interactions
Patients who were pregnant were not to be treated by Avicine, as it elicits antibodies against hCG, a cancer associated oncofoetal protein that is also prevalent during the development of a child in the womb.
As of 2007, due to the discontinued state of Avicine research, drug interactions have not been studied.
Adverse Effects
Results from a multi-center phase II study in test subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer in USA exposed that of 64 patients some experienced fevers and chills. Overall, the vaccines were tolerated well by the patients. 69% (55 of the 73 patients).
Key Development Milestones
Colorectal Cancer
After successfully completing a Phases I and II trials for the use of Avicine in colorectal cancer, a phase III licensing trail began to investigate Avicine as a first line treatment for colorectal patients alongside chemotherapy in January 2001. The trial was randomised where the patients would either receive Avicine in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy unaided. However, Phase III was discontinued as of 15 January 2007.
Pancreatic Cancer
A multi-centre Phase II clinical trial of Avicine was conducted by Avi Biopharma, including 55 patients in the US. The trial was conducted 10 patients with pancreatic cancer saw positive results in a pilot phase II trial of Avicine.
A plan was proposed to begin a phase III trial for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, in 2003 it was reported in order to do so an additional corporate partner was needed for the trial to be instigated. Research was discontinued on 15 January 2007 as an additional corporate partner was found and phase II was still not complete.
Prostate Cancer
A phase I trial of Avicine was completed by Avi Biopharma in patients with prostate cancer, however after this stage research was discontinued on 15 January 2007.
Drug Properties and Chemical Synopsis
Route of administration: IM
Formulation: unspecified
Class: Cancer Vaccines
Mechanism of Action: Immunomodulator; Immunostimulant
WHO ATC code: L03A-X (Other immunostimulants)
EPhMRA code: L3A (Immunostimulating Agents Excluding Intereferons)
Chemistry of Avicine
The chemical and physical properties of Avicine can be highlighted in the table below:
Pharmacology
Avicine (CTP-37) is a peptide fragment of Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), an oncofoetal protein expressed by most cancer lines, the significant role of hCG being to ward off the immune system, the same way cells of the developing foetus ward off the immune system. In some studies expressions of hCG in colorectal cancer has been positively correlated with reduced survival rates. Two epitopes can be found in CTP-37 one of which is dominant and can elicit anti-bodies against hCG.
By employing this ideology Avi Biopharma created a modulated form of CTP-37 (Avicine) containing an extra peptide domain, more specifically denoted as a loop peptide. The modulation of the earlier formulation was done to force the immune system to act against multiple epitopes, with the aim of improving the survival rate of individuals with cancer. The moderated formula of Avicine was built on the basis of a study that indicated patients exhibited prolonged survival when they responded to more than one vaccine epitope.
The majority of the world's population have been vaccinated against diphtheria use diphtheria toxoid (DT), and was therefore used a carrier protein due to the significant data available on its effects as a vaccine. Also, the established immune response to DT was also believed to be important in encouraging an immune response to hCG peptides.
Therapeutic Trials
Colorectal Cancer
Phase I tests demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile of Avicine (CTP37-diphtheria toxoid/DT), whilst also establishing the immunological activity of the drug. In the following Phase II study 77 patients with colorectal cancer were treated with Avicine using Active Specialised Immunization (ASI), the CTP37-DT, prompting antibodies in patients experiencing cancers that expressed very high hCG levels. The patients were given the vaccine at week 0, 4, 10 and 16. Of the 77 patients 56 of those produced antibodies to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), in response to the vaccine. By intention-to-treat analysis it was observed that of the vaccinated patients the median survival was 34 weeks. The median survival of patients who those who did not produce antibodies from the vaccine was 17 weeks, whilst the patients who developed antibodies from the vaccine exhibited a median survival of 42 weeks. Also, patients who developed median antibody levels (n=39) expressed higher survival rates than those who expressed antibody levels below the median value (n=38), where survival rates were 45 weeks and 24 weeks respectively (AVI BioPharma Inc.). Additionally, CTP-37 consists of two epitopes and those who responded to both epitopes demonstrated prolonged survival, with 65 weeks, compared to those who only reacted against one epitope who experienced a 39-week survival rate. Another randomised group was also given Pharmacia-Upjohn's Camptosar, where the subjects experienced a mean 35 weeks survival rate. Using this data AVI Biopharma formulated a new version of CTP-37 vaccine, which included another hCG peptide referred to as the loop peptide. Inclusion of the loop peptide is used primarily to modulate the dominance of the original substance, which would ideally force the immune system to react to the multiple epitopes, culminating with prolonged survival rates for colorectal cancer patients.
Pancreatic Cancer
55 pancreatic cancer patients were included in a study which confirmed treatment with Avicine produces comparable survival rates to treatment with Gemcitabine. A group was also tested with gemcitabine combined with Avicine, and expressed significantly better survival rates than those who were treated with either substance independently. Also, Gemcitabine did not affect the patients ability to have an immune response to Avicine's epitopes.
Data from a phase Ib study including ten patients with pancreatic cancer established the safety and value of the use of Avicine in the subjects. The patients survived for periods greater than 6 months, which were historical survival rates for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. During the phase II study, one patient survived greater than 20 months, three lived more than 11 months, and 4 out of 6 patients remaining exceeded the 5.3 month period of median historical survival for this disease in 2001. The median survival in the 10 pancreatic patients was equal to 33 weeks with the Avicine (CTP-37) vaccine.
References
Vaccines
Cancer vaccines
Peptide vaccines |
What a Week to Get Real is the eighth part of What a Week series by Rosie Rushton. It was published in 2005 by Piccadilly Press Ltd.
Plot summary
Jade is going to Paris with her grandmother. She meets a boy – Flynn Jackson – in the train to Brighton. They become friends. Flynn lives in Dunchester, so Jade can see him. They fall in love with each other quickly. Jade is trying to help Tansy with Andy, who doesn't talk to her. She sends text messages, which are supposed to be from Tansy.
Cleo is still in love with Angus. But he only pretends to be interested with her. He shows his parents that he's normal by "going out" with Cleo. The girl sings with his and Kyle's band on the music festival. But they don't win the prize. Cleo breaks up with Angus, because she is upset of being not exactly his girlfriend. She could also see that, Angus is more interested in Kyle.
Holly's parents want to sell their house. The buyers are Walker family – Angus and his parents. Unfortunately, before selling a house there is a fire in it that burns the whole house. Holly saved her nephew from the burning house, but she had to stay at the hospital, because she had burns on her legs. She still is afraid of the fire and sometimes she has panic attack.
Tansy's private life is complicated. Andy doesn't talk to her and she doesn't know why. Then she discovers that he went to a party and he got drunk. He also was kissing Melanie, who is Tansy's rival. Luckily, he explains her everything and they are together again.
Characters
Tansy Meadows – Clarity's daughter. She met her father, but he doesn't keep in touch with her. She's got a boyfriend – Andy Richards, who she really loves.
Cleopatra "Cleo" Greenway – Tansy's, Jade's and Holly's friend. She fell in love with Angus, who doesn't know who he prefers – boys or girls. Her mother is a well-known actress.
Holly Vine – Tansy's best friend. She wears very fashionable clothes and is very pretty. She has got a boyfriend – Ben.
Jade Williams – she's an orphan, who lost her parents in a car accident. She lives with her uncle and aunt. She went to Paris with her grandmother. She met Flynn Jackson in the train to Brighton.
Clarity Meadows – Tansy's mother. She is godmother to Andy's brother and sister.
Diana Greenway – Cleo's mother. She is a well-known actress.
Roy – Cleo's stepfather.
Angela Vine – Holly's mother.
Rupert Vine – Holly's father.
Allegra – Jade's cousin. She's Scott's girlfriend.
aunt Paula – Jade's aunt and Allegra's mother.
Andy Richards – Tansy's boyfriend.
Alan Richards – Andy's father.
Valerie Richards – Andy's mother.
Flynn Jackson – Jade's new friend. He had an accident and he can't walk.
Kyle Woodward – a boy, with who Holly fell in love. When she realised that, he's a gay she found another boyfriend.
Angus Walker – Kyle's friend. Cleo fell in love with him, but he only pretends that she's his girlfriend.
British young adult novels
2005 British novels
Novels by Rosie Rushton |
In molecular biology, U71 belongs to the H/ACA class of Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNAs). snoRNAs bind a number of proteins (including dyskerin, Gar1p and Nop10p in the case of the H/ACA class) to form snoRNP complexes. This class are thought to guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines by forming direct base pairing interactions with substrate RNAs. Targets may include ribosomal and spliceosomal RNAs but the exact function of many snoRNAs, including U71, is unclear.
References
Further reading
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
KJFK (1490 kHz) and KJFK-FM (96.3 MHz) are a pair of terrestrial radio stations, which serve Austin, Texas, and Llano, Texas, United States respectively. Both facilities are owned by Township Media and broadcast an adult hits format as "96.3 Jack FM", utilizing the nationally syndicated Jack FM licensing. KJFK can also be heard in Austin proper on translator K242DE and in Giddings, Texas on KGID, both of which also operate on 96.3 FM.
1490 AM is the oldest continuously licensed radio station serving Austin. The facility broadcasts at 1,000 watts from a transmitter located on Tillery Street at East 4th Street near downtown Austin. The studios and offices for Township Media are in the Hill Country Galleria Mall on Hill Country Boulevard at State Highway 71 in Bee Cave.
History
On December 7, 1926, the station's first license was granted, with the sequentially issued call sign of KGDR. It was owned by a company named "Radio Engineers" and broadcast from San Antonio, Texas. In December 1929, the station was renamed KUT and moved to Austin. Call letters were changed to KNOW on January 26, 1932.
KNOW was owned by the KUT Broadcasting Company and broadcast at 100 watts on 1,000 kilocycles.
In the 1940s, KNOW moved to its current frequency 1490 kHz, with power at 250 watts. It served as Austin's ABC Radio Network affiliate, carrying ABC's schedule of dramas, comedies, news and sports during the "Golden Age of Radio".
In 1949, KNOW was acquired by Pioneer Broadcasting Company, owned and operated by radio executive Wendell Mayes. His son, Wendell Wise Mayes, Jr, would go on to earn KNOW a George Foster Peabody Award in 1973 for an editorial Mayes, Jr. wrote entitled "Marijuana and the Law," a series of documentaries and editorials to "separate facts about marijuana from fiction." In the 1950s, daytime power increased to 1,000 watts, but remained at 250 watts at night. In the 1960s, KNOW switched to Top 40. In the 1970s, airstaff included P.D. Dave Jarrott, Randall McKee, Jason Wayne. Bill Mayne, Gil Garcia, Jim Gossett, David Gayle, and Bill Moss. Chief Engineers during the 60s and 70s where Wayne Hardin and Gil Garcia. As contemporary music listening shifted to the FM band in the 1980s, KNOW began to serve Austin's growing African American community with an urban contemporary format. This was concurrent with Hicks Communications acquiring the station in 1981.
In 1989, the now-KMOW was sold to Degree Communications, which switched the format to Oldies. In 1996, the station was sold to San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications and the format became talk radio. In 1997, the format shifted to sports talk as SportsFan 1490 and was the first full-time all-sports station in Austin.
In 2005, the station was acquired by Border Media Partners, which owned other stations in Texas, several serving the Latino community. Border Media switched the then-KFON to a Regional Mexican music format. The 2010s saw additional call letter changes to KLGO and KTAE before the current owner, Township Media, changed the call sign to KTSN and operating as "Sun Radio". Sun Radio aired an adult album alternative/Americana format.
On May 28, 2022, KTSN changed its format to adult hits, branded as "96.3 Jack FM", feeding new translator K242DE. The Sun Radio intellectual unit moved to 1060 AM (now KTSN), feeding Sun Radio's existing FM rebroadcasters including 100.1 FM. The two stations swapped call signs on June 3, 2022.
On November 4, 2022, Township Media was granted a second call sign change to KJFK, in order to match the station identification of both facilities; the call sign was changed officially by the FCC on December 7, 2022.
References
External links
(covering KGDR / KUT / KNOW for 1927-1980)
JFK
Radio stations established in 1926
1926 establishments in Texas
Adult hits radio stations in the United States
Jack FM stations |
Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus was a Roman senator active in the mid-2nd century. He held the consulship in 158 with Quintus Sacerdos as his colleague. Tertullus was afterwards proconsular governor of Asia in 173/174. He is known entirely from inscriptions.
References
2nd-century Romans
Imperial Roman consuls
Roman governors of Asia
Tertullus |
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