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Noise in the Machine is the second EP by the British Darkwave band Massive Ego. It was the first release by the band's new label Out of Line Music, on 24 July 2015 and was a change from the old Euro dance sound of the band. It includes remixed versions of "I Idolize You", "Dead Silence" and "Generation V" by the new band member Lloyd Price ("Frixion"), Aesthetic Perfection and Leæther Strip, as well as the Zarkoff remix of "Low Life". Two music videos were released to promote the EP, "I Idolize You (Modification Edit)" and "Dead Silence Rising (Frixion Mix)" Background Lloyd Price joined Massive Ego in 2015 after leaving his previous band, Sigue Sigue Sputnik. Price had made the "Modification Remix" for the "I Idolize You" single in 2011, which was the beginning of the new musical direction of the band. A new edit was made for "I Idolize You", as well as remixes by Daniel Graves (Aesthetic Perfection) and Claus Larsen (Leæther Strip). "Generation V", previously released on Fuel for the Machine (2013), was remixed by Frixion, Price's side-project. Additional vocals were recorded for "Dead Silence", a single by Lia Organa & Electric Prince with Marc Massive on vocals, and was reworked to become "Dead Silence Rising". Track listing Personnel Lyrics, vocals: Marc Massive Remix: Lloyd Price (tracks 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7) Remix: Claus Larsen (track 4) Remix: Daniel Graves (track 5) Remix: Paul Rayner (track 8) Remix: Saša Rajković (track 9) Music by Empire State Human (track 9) Featured vocals: Maggie K DeMonde (track 9) Written by Charlie Mason and Richard Hymas (tracks 2 and 7) Vocal production by Barry Stone and Nik Crittenden Mastered by X-Fusion Photography by Mary Germanou Sleeve design: UserDX References External links Official website 2015 EPs Massive Ego albums
Rabbit Rabbit is the fourth studio album by American indie rock band Speedy Ortiz. It was released on September 1, 2023, through Wax Nine, and is their first album in five years following 2018’s Twerp Verse. Background and development Work on the album started in 2021. To kick-start the process, lead singer Sadie Dupuis wrote the words "Rabbit Rabbit" on top of a page. She met Sarah Tudzin, the producer of the album, while hosting a reading at a Los Angeles bookstore. Tudzin called her an "ultimate galaxy-brain genius", describing her writing, guitar playing and producing as "true art". After a period of preproduction by her bandmates later that year, the band started off working on the album together on December 1, 2021, "for good luck". The project welcomes longtime touring bassist Audrey Zee Whitesides and drummer Joey Doubek into the band, who have since become full-time band members. Recording eventually started on March 22-30 at Rancho de la Luna in Joshua Tree California and continued April 1, 2022, at Sonic Ranch Studios in West Texas. The announcement of the album, release of the second single and the album also came about at the first of a month, respectively. Dupuis revealed that the band "oversynchronized the numerical Rabbit Rabbit-ness of it all for max luck". As a result, the recurring dates are a "superstitious incantation" the singer practices as a coping mechanism with OCD and trauma she adopted as a child. In preparation for this record, Dupuis went to explore questions about childhood trauma and "her own survival mechanisms". The "forced stillness" of the COVID-19 pandemic led her to tap into topics she had not used for songwriting purposes before, such as crying and several uncomfortable feelings Dupuis attaches to this reaction. This would inspire one of the tracks titled "Cry Cry Cry". Another story she recalls is the abuse by a family member and the lack of intervention by her parents. In order to channel "scenes and sentiments from decades past", Dupuis wanted to honor bands she loved when she first learned to play guitar. Composition Rabbit Rabbit combines "private reckonings and sonic ambitions". The production consists of "dissonant guitar lines and meter-shifting structures" with Dupuis' "obliquely and sometimes bluntly" vocals on top. The album tackles topics such as vulnerability, power and anger. Mixing and co-production was handled by Sarah Tudzin while mastering was managed by Emily Lazar and Chris Allgood at the Lodge in New York. Critical reception Rabbit Rabbit received a score of 82 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic based on six critics' reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Writing for AllMusic, Heather Phares felt that, "Untangling Speedy Ortiz's hyper-detailed words and sounds is always time well spent, but these fierce, surprising songs are some of their most satisfying work yet." In a positive review, Dave MacIntyre of Exclaim! saw Rabbit Rabbit as a continuation of their trademark "trademark noisy, peppy grunge-pop sound" with occasional elements of "emo and post-hardcore texture". While it might not be "a lights-out album from start to finish", MacInyre classifies the album as yet "another sterling entry" in their discography. Alfred Soto of Pitchfork called Rabbit Rabbit "one of those albums whose complications provide as much pleasure as hooks-hooks-hooks" as "eschewing climaxes and long solos allows this Philadelphia quartet to preen in the best sense: Speedy Ortiz project confidence in their clatter, in the eel-like slitheriness of their tempos". Veteran critic Robert Christgau applauded the quartet's "expensively textured" indie rock while finding the lyrics to be "fairly interesting", although ultimately regarding the record as "music over lyrics": "Guitar effects combust and spill out of the mix without number, so dense and engaging that it hardly matters that you don’t know just what she’s singing about". Track listing Personnel Speedy Ortiz Joey Doubek – drums, shaker, tambourine, bells, synthesizer, spoons, shotglass, BB gun, whispers, slicer, production Sadie Dupuis – vocals, baritone guitar, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, twelve-string guitar, doubleneck guitar, drum machine, synthesizer, piano, bedpan, motorcycle box, tambourine, production, recording, editing, artwork Andy Molholt – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, twelve-string guitar, synthesizer, Wurlitzer, piano, Rhodes, OM-1, debit card, Mellotron, vocals, vocaloid, production, editing Audrey Zee Whitesides – bass guitar, eight-string bass guitar, acoustic guitar, piano, vocals, delay, production Additional musicians Anna Arboles – guest vocals Ram Cantu – guest vocals David Catching – lap steel guitar Darl Ferm – guitar Devin McKnight – guitar Sarah Tudzin – guest vocals Technical Sarah Tudzin – production, mixing, recording Emily Lazar – mastering Chris Allgood – mastering Ram Cantu – engineering, editing Andy Tyler Clarke – engineering Jon Russo – engineering Jesse Weiss – engineering Amar Lal – editing References 2023 albums Speedy Ortiz albums
The Joint Interface Control Officer (JICO) is the senior multi-tactical data link interface control officer in support of joint task force operations. The JICO is responsible for effecting planning and management of the joint tactical data link network within a theater of operations. Notes References CJCSI 6240.01C CJCSM 3115.01A [6120.01 (series) Joint Multi-TDL Operation Procedure (JMTOP)] [MIL-STD-6016 (series) Tactical Data Link (TDL) 16 Message Standard] [STANAG 5516 Allied Tactical Data Link (TDL) 16 Message Standard] Information systems
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper. The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine and is an important resource for bioinformatics tools and services. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database. All these databases are available online through the Entrez search engine. NCBI was directed by David Lipman, one of the original authors of the BLAST sequence alignment program and a widely respected figure in bioinformatics. GenBank NCBI had responsibility for making available the GenBank DNA sequence database since 1992. GenBank coordinates with individual laboratories and other sequence databases, such as those of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ). Since 1992, NCBI has grown to provide other databases in addition to GenBank. NCBI provides the Gene database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, the Molecular Modeling Database (3D protein structures), dbSNP (a database of single-nucleotide polymorphisms), the Reference Sequence Collection, a map of the human genome, and a taxonomy browser, and coordinates with the National Cancer Institute to provide the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project. The NCBI assigns a unique identifier (taxonomy ID number) to each species of organism. The NCBI has software tools that are available through internet browsers or by FTP. For example, BLAST is a sequence similarity searching program. BLAST can do sequence comparisons against the GenBank DNA database in less than 15 seconds. NCBI Bookshelf The NCBI Bookshelf is a collection of freely accessible, downloadable, online versions of selected biomedical books. The Bookshelf covers a wide range of topics including molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, microbiology, disease states from a molecular and cellular point of view, research methods, and virology. Some of the books are online versions of previously published books, while others, such as Coffee Break, are written and edited by NCBI staff. The Bookshelf is a complement to the Entrez PubMed repository of peer-reviewed publication abstracts in that Bookshelf contents provide established perspectives on evolving areas of study and a context in which many disparate individual pieces of reported research can be organized. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) BLAST is an algorithm used for calculating sequence similarity between biological sequences, such as nucleotide sequences of DNA and amino acid sequences of proteins. BLAST is a powerful tool for finding sequences similar to the query sequence within the same organism or in different organisms. It searches the query sequence on NCBI databases and servers and posts the results back to the person's browser in the chosen format. Input sequences to the BLAST are mostly in FASTA or GenBank format while output could be delivered in a variety of formats such as HTML, XML formatting, and plain text. HTML is the default output format for NCBI's web-page. Results for NCBI-BLAST are presented in graphical format with all the hits found, a table with sequence identifiers for the hits having scoring related data, along with the alignments for the sequence of interest and the hits received with analogous BLAST scores for these. Entrez The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is used at NCBI for all the major databases such as Nucleotide and Protein Sequences, Protein Structures, PubMed, Taxonomy, Complete Genomes, OMIM, and several others. Entrez is both an indexing and retrieval system having data from various sources for biomedical research. NCBI distributed the first version of Entrez in 1991, composed of nucleotide sequences from PDB and GenBank, protein sequences from SWISS-PROT, translated GenBank, PIR, PRF, PDB, and associated abstracts and citations from PubMed. Entrez is specially designed to integrate the data from several different sources, databases, and formats into a uniform information model and retrieval system which can efficiently retrieve that relevant references, sequences, and structures. Gene Gene has been implemented at NCBI to characterize and organize the information about genes. It serves as a major node in the nexus of the genomic map, expression, sequence, protein function, structure, and homology data. A unique GeneID is assigned to each gene record that can be followed through revision cycles. Gene records for known or predicted genes are established here and are demarcated by map positions or nucleotide sequences. Gene has several advantages over its predecessor, LocusLink, including, better integration with other databases in NCBI, broader taxonomic scope, and enhanced options for query and retrieval provided by the Entrez system. Protein Protein database maintains the text record for individual protein sequences, derived from many different resources such as NCBI Reference Sequence (RefSeq) project, GenBank, PDB, and UniProtKB/SWISS-Prot. Protein records are present in different formats including FASTA and XML and are linked to other NCBI resources. Protein provides the relevant data to the users such as genes, DNA/RNA sequences, biological pathways, expression and variation data, and literature. It also provides the pre-determined sets of similar and identical proteins for each sequence as computed by the BLAST. The Structure database of NCBI contains 3D coordinate sets for experimentally-determined structures in PDB that are imported by NCBI. The Conserved Domain database (CDD) of protein contains sequence profiles that characterize highly conserved domains within protein sequences. It also has records from external resources like SMART and Pfam. There is another database of proteins known as Protein Clusters database, which contains sets of proteins sequences that are clustered according to the maximum alignments between the individual sequences as calculated by BLAST. Pubchem database PubChem database of NCBI is a public resource for molecules and their activities against biological assays. PubChem is searchable and accessible by Entrez information retrieval system. See also DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) References External links of the National Library of Medicine] of the National Institutes of Health Biotechnology organizations Medical research institutes in Maryland National Institutes of Health Online databases Online taxonomy databases
The Ward River is a river in Far North Queensland, Australia. The headwaters of the river rise on the Cape York Peninsula approximately from the west coast and flows south through uninhabited country along the coastal plain and eventually discharges into Archer Bay, along with the Archer and Watson River, just north of Aurukun and then onto the Gulf of Carpentaria. Four tributaries contribute to the Ward; Coconut Creek, Tappelbang Creek, Sandy Creek and Possum Creek. The river is located within the Watson River catchment and in 2009 the river was considered for nomination as a wild river. See also References Rivers of Far North Queensland Gulf of Carpentaria
Karolik is a given name and surname. Notable people with the surname include: Dzyanis Karolik (born 1979), Belarusian footballer Martha Codman Karolik (1858–1948), American philanthropist and art collector Maxim Karolik (1893–1963), American opera singer See also Lyudmila Korolik (born 1975), Belarusian cross-country skier
BottomLine is ESPN's lower third sports information ticker. It is uniform in design and used on all ESPN networks. It displays current sports scores, stats, and headlines in a 'push-then-scroll' format. It also serves as a display for urgent information, such as breaking sports news, breaking significant national news from ESPN sister networks ABC and FX, updated scores, a rain delay notification, or the move of a game from one ESPN network to another. BottomLine is also used on the TSN channels in Canada and on the Latin American and Brazilean ESPN channels. On special occasions, a customized version of the ticker may be used; some examples are Pi day, in which a Pi symbol is placed next to the ESPN logo, and the 4th of July, when an American flag surrounds the ESPN logo. History SportsCenter debuted a new graphics package on April 6, 2009, with the "rundown" graphic (shown during the daytime editions) moved to the left side of the screen. A new BottomLine was also released that day on ESPN, ESPN2, ESPN Classic, and ESPNU but it was quickly removed and reverted to the old BottomLine (which had been used since April 2003) because of major technical difficulties. The new BottomLine was functional during coverage of the 2009 NFL Draft and the 2009 NBA Draft, but the issues were fixed and the it eventually returned on July 8 of the same year. Yet another redesigned BottomLine was launched at 11 PM ET on June 22, 2014, to coincide with a dramatic redesign of the SportsCenter studio. On August 20, 2018, a refreshed BottomLine launched. The BottomLine switched to a "flipper" format, used two lines of text, and no longer showed the logos of teams during score updates. In addition, the rightmost third of the BottomLine now contains a rotating display of promotions for ESPN and ESPN+ programming, which can also be used to display breaking news or program advisories when needed. Variants ESPN 2 In 1995, ESPN2 debuted a sports news ticker, dubbed by Production Assistant Onnie Bose as the "BottomLine Update." It is a persistent ticker which stayed at the bottom of the screen at all times during most programming, unlike ESPN, who only showed their own at the :18 (formerly :28) and :58 of each hour (accompanied by an audio cue, which has since been adapted as the alert tone for ESPN's mobile apps) and during select programming. The introductory audio cue was removed when the BottomLine graphics were updated in 2009. ESPN2's sports telecasts were also among the first to regularly use a scoring bug. In later years, ESPN2 would also participate in "Full Circle" telecasts, productions of a single game aired across multiple ESPN services to provide additional features and angles. ESPNEWS ESPNEWS's "bottom line" — a small rectangular area at the bottom one-fifth of the screen flashing scores—is more in-depth than the one airing on ESPN's other networks. It contains not only scores but also statistics and brief news alerts about the day's happenings in sports. It also remains on screen during most commercial breaks. This particular BottomLine was re-designed as the network was re-launched on March 30, 2008. The change from a big BottomLine to the ESPN-shaped BottomLine, the decrease of ESPNEWS programming, and SportsCenter being shown on ESPNEWS has had some controversy among longtime ESPNEWS viewers. The network was changed over to a full-screen presentation in June 2010 with the network receiving the BottomLine used on all other ESPN networks in anticipation of the network's primetime programming being rebranded under the SportsCenter branding. ESPN on ABC With ABC adopting ESPN production and imaging for sports broadcasts beginning in 2006, ABC has used ESPN's BottomLine during sports broadcasts, with its only differences being its branding, and being formatted to the 4:3 aspect ratio (as with all sports broadcasts on ABC) until ABC migrated to a 16:9 format for network programming for the 2016–17 television season (however BottomLine is not displayed when the network takes commercials, with a notable exception, the NFL Draft and NBA Draft). ESPN on FX Starting with the 2023 XFL season, the BottomLine ticker is identical to ESPN's design and the broadcast presentation is similar to the ESPN on ABC broadcasts. The only exceptions is that the FX logo is in place of the ABC logo on the BottomLine ticker and the ESPN on FX logo in place of the ESPN on ABC logo on the top right, just like ESPN on ABC, the BottomLine ticker is not displayed when taking commercials, despite it being a cable network like all the other ESPN networks. ESPN+ For select events either an exclusive bottomline is displayed, if the event is simulcast of something also on the ESPN's cable network. It will use the corresponding network's bottomline, or not at all (like ESPN on ABC, and ESPN on FX, bottomline is not used during commercials) TSN The BottomLine ticker is identical to the ESPN's design. When TSN debuted the new BottomLine ticker as ESPN, differences on the right side include advertising of Bell Media's other properties such as Crave and CTV 2. Cold Pizza Cold Pizza was notable for having its own version of ESPN's BottomLine, as their ticker not only gave sports scores but also news headlines and weather forecasts from sports cities and is shown in its own color scheme. It also functioned differently: it constantly scrolled, while other ESPN "BottomLines" usually "flip" through the different scores, scrolling only for long statistical lines (until August 20, 2018, when the bottomline was updated to flip even through long statistical lines, as a result of the bottomline now being two lines rather than one). This graphic was discontinued in the summer of 2006 when the "BottomLine" was changed to resemble those of other ESPN programs. College Football Playoff Megacast The Playoff Megacasts for 2017 introduced a new statistical ticker, which shows info about the current drive, and stats about plays made. Unlike the others, it just fades out stats, instead of flipping. For the 2018 semifinals, a newly redesigned version of the statistical ticker was unveiled. Defunct Windows PC Ticker From the Windows 98 era to the middle of the Windows XP era, a BottomLine ticker application using Macromedia Shockwave technology was available for personal use on a Windows personal computer (and was embeddedable with credit as a part of personal websites). Its last update (version 2.1) was in August 2004. References ESPN
The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2015. Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence: Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, established cause of death, reference. July 2015 1 Nasser al-Hafi, Egyptian lawyer and politician, MP (since 2012), shot. Cecil, 13, Zimbabwean protected lion, shot. David P. Craig, 95, Australian chemist. Curly Moe, 53, Canadian professional wrestler, liver cancer. Val Doonican, 88, Irish singer and television presenter. N. Ganesan, 82, Singaporean football administrator. Edward Greenfield, 86, English music critic and broadcaster. Theo Hendriks, 86, Dutch politician, member of the House of Representatives (1994–1998). Lawrence Herkimer, 89, American cheerleading innovator, heart failure. Jens S. Jensen, 69, Swedish photographer. Aleksandr Kochetkov, 81, Russian football player and coach. Robert La Caze, 98, French-born Moroccan racing driver. Red Lane, 76, American country singer and songwriter ("'Til I Get It Right"), cancer. Mike Lesser, 71, British mathematical philosopher and political activist, asphyxiation. Miloslava Misáková, 93, Czech Olympic gymnast (1948). Shlomo Moussaieff, 90, Israeli diamond merchant and antique collector. Hans Muller, 78, Dutch Olympic water polo player (1960, 1964). Charles Notcutt, 81, British horticulturalist. Czesław Olech, 84, Polish mathematician. Overdose, 10, Hungarian Thoroughbred racehorse, horse colic. Víctor de la Peña Pérez, 81, Spanish-born Peruvian Roman Catholic prelate, Vicar Apostolic of Requena (1987–2005). Sergio Sollima, 94, Italian director and screenwriter (Face to Face, Sandokan, The Big Gundown). Dan Williams, 73, American politician, member of the Alabama House of Representatives (since 2010), leukemia. Sir Nicholas Winton, 106, British humanitarian, organised rescue of 669 children as part of Kindertransport, respiratory failure. Russell Wood, 85, English cricketer (Gloucestershire). 2 David Aronson, 91, Lithuanian-born American painter, pneumonia and heart failure. Slavko Avsenik, 85, Slovene composer and musician. Roy C. Bennett, 96, American songwriter. Jim Bradley, 94, Scottish-born Australian athletics coach. Frank Callaway, 69, Australian judge. Sir Ronald Davison, 94, New Zealand judge, Chief Justice (1978–1989). Julius Duscha, 90, American journalist (The Washington Post). Petro Korol, 74, Ukrainian Soviet weightlifter, Olympic champion (1976). Tom Longo, 73, American football player (New York Giants), mesothelioma. Charlie Sanders, 68, American Hall of Fame football player (Detroit Lions), cancer. Bob Smalhout, 87, Dutch anesthesiologist and politician. Waldo Vieira, 73, Brazilian spiritualist. Jim Weaver, 70, American football player (Penn State) and coach (Iowa State), Virginia Tech Hokies Director of Athletics (1997–2014), Parkinson's disease. John Whitman, 71, American businessman and investment banker, First Gentleman of New Jersey (1994–2001), complications from a brain injury. Jacobo Zabludovsky, 87, Mexican news anchor, stroke. 3 Steven Benson, 63, American convicted murderer, stabbed. Diana Douglas, 92, Bermudian-American actress (The Indian Fighter, Days of Our Lives, Planes, Trains and Automobiles), cancer. Goran Gogić, 29, Serbian footballer. Agop Jack Hacikyan, 83, Canadian author and academic. Ralph Lamb, 88, American lawman, Sheriff of Clark County, Nevada (1961–1978), depicted in Vegas, complications from surgery. Arturo Longton, 67, Chilean politician, Governor of Marga Marga Province (2010–2012). Humphrey Mwanza, 66, Zambian politician, member of the National Assembly for Solwezi West (since 2006), complications from surgery. Boyd K. Packer, 90, American apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve (since 2008). Amanda Peterson, 43, American actress (Can't Buy Me Love, Explorers), drug overdose. Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal, 73, Indian judge, Chief Justice (2005–2007), heart attack. Odd Seim-Haugen, 78, Norwegian barrister and sports official. Jacques Sernas, 89, Lithuanian-born French actor (Helen of Troy, The Dirty Game, Midas Run). Charanjit Singh, 75, Indian musician, cardiac arrest. Gary Smith, 74, American business analyst, pneumonia. György Szabad, 90, Hungarian politician and historian, Speaker of the National Assembly (1990–1994). Wayne Townsend, 89, American politician, Indiana State Senator (1970–1986). Phil Walsh, 55, Australian football player (Collingwood, Richmond, Brisbane Bears) and coach (Adelaide), stabbed. John A. Williams, 89, American writer. Franz-Josef Wolfframm, 80, German footballer. Peter Záboji, 72, Hungarian angel investor and entrepreneur. 4 Abdullah bin Abdulaziz bin Musa'ed bin Jiluwi Al Saud, 83–84, Saudi Arabian politician, Governor of Northern Borders Region. Muhammad Baqir al-Muhri, 67, Kuwaiti ayatollah. Dave Barber, 60, American talk radio and television host, stroke and heart attack. Nedelcho Beronov, 86, Bulgarian jurist and politician, Chairman of the Constitutional Court (2003–2006). Scot Breithaupt, 57, American BMX cyclist. Arnold Byfield, 91, Australian sportsman (Western Australia cricket team and Melbourne Football Club). Luis Doldán, 77, Paraguayan footballer Carlo de Gavardo, 45, Chilean rally car and motorcycle racer, respiratory failure. William Conrad Gibbons, 88, American historian, complications of a stroke. Reynaldo González López, 66, Cuban sports administrator. John Hinds, 35, Northern Irish motorcycle race doctor, injuries sustained in collision. Norbert Peters, 72, German scientist. Daniel Quinn, 58, American actor (The Young and the Restless), heart attack. Valerio Ruggeri, 81, Italian actor and voice actor, heart attack. Anthony F. Upton, 85, British historian. Alan Walton, 79, British biochemist and venture capitalist. Charles Winick, 92, American anthropologist, sociologist and author. Yu Chenghui, 75, Chinese actor and martial artist. 5 Andrew Alexander, 80, British journalist. James Bonard Fowler, 81, American policeman and convicted manslaughterer. Sir Philip Goodhart, 89, British politician, MP for Beckenham (1957–1992). Uffe Haagerup, 65, Danish mathematician, drowned. Svein Hatløy, 75, Norwegian architect, founded Bergen School of Architecture. Terence Kelshaw, 78, English-born American Episcopal prelate, Bishop of Rio Grande (1989–2004). Hernus Kriel, 73, South African politician, Premier of the Western Cape (1994–1998), Minister of Law and Order (1991–1994). Piet Malan, 96, South African rugby union player. James S. Marcus, 85, American philanthropist and investment banker. Joseph McKenzie, 86, Scottish photographer. Aleksandra Mróz, 80, Polish Olympic swimmer. Yoichiro Nambu, 94, Japanese-born American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate. Burt Shavitz, 80, American beekeeper and businessman, co-founder of Burt's Bees. Abderrahmane Soukhane, 78, Algerian football player. Jack Steadman, 86, American football executive (Kansas City Chiefs). Gordon Thompson Jr., 85, American judge, cancer. Aaron E. Wasserman, 94, American food scientist. 6 Julio Angel, 69, Puerto Rican rock, pop and bolero singer, multiple myeloma. Max Annett, 84, Australian Olympic rower. Michael Birck, 77, American executive (Tellabs). Camille Bob, 77, American rhythm and blues singer, cancer. Stan Carew, 64, Canadian radio broadcaster, musician and actor (This Hour Has 22 Minutes, Trailer Park Boys). Raymond Dean, 68, American psychologist. Nazier Dindar, 49, South African cricketer. Victor Warren Fazio, 75, Australian surgeon. Ramanathan Gnanadesikan, 82, Indian statistician. Anne Iversen, 91, Danish Olympic athlete. Masabumi Kikuchi, 75, Japanese jazz pianist, subdural hematoma. Sir John Lambert, 94, British diplomat, Ambassador to Tunisia (1977–1981). Luigi Martella, 67, Italian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Molfetta-Ruvo-Giovinazzo-Terlizzi (since 2000), heart attack. John Maxtone-Graham, 85, American maritime historian, respiratory failure. Rachel Margolis, 93, Lithuanian World War II partisan and Israeli biologist. Bhattam Srirama Murthy, 89, Indian politician. Don Petrie, 93, Canadian soccer player and coach. Franco Scaglia, 71, Italian writer and journalist, won Campiello Prize (2002). Fraser Scott, 95, British army officer. Jerry Weintraub, 77, American film producer (Ocean's Eleven, Diner, The Karate Kid), chairman and CEO of United Artists, heart attack. 7 Maria Barroso, 90, Portuguese actress and politician, First Lady (1986–1996), complications from a fall. Leonard Bodack, 82, American politician. Keith Brown, 88, Canadian politician, member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario (1959–1967). Bako Dagnon, 67, Malian singer. Jean Délémontez, 97, French aircraft designer (Jodel). Carlos Echeverria, 85, American Olympic sailor. Eva Fischer, 94, Italian artist. Hamid Golpira, 55, American-born Iranian journalist, lung cancer. Renée Hugon, 84, French gymnast. Pierre MacDonald, 79, Canadian politician, member of the National Assembly of Quebec (1985–1989). Bob MacKinnon, 87, American basketball coach (New Jersey Nets) and athletic director (Canisius Golden Griffins). Jaime Morey, 73, Spanish singer ("Amanece"). Craig Norgate, 50, New Zealand businessman, CEO of Fonterra (2001–2003). Fons van Wissen, 82, Dutch footballer (PSV Eindhoven, national team). Donald Wood, 82, Canadian politician. 8 Hisato Aikura, 83, Japanese music critic. Muhsin al-Fadhli, 34, Kuwaiti militant, airstrike. Robert Campos, 75, Filipino actor, colorectal cancer. Casimir Ehrnrooth, 84, Finnish executive, cardiac arrest. Bill Foord, 91, English cricketer. Daniel Kastler, 89, French theoretical physicist. Irwin Keyes, 63, American actor (House of 1000 Corpses, The Jeffersons, The Flintstones), complications from acromegaly. Arne Kotte, 80, Norwegian footballer. Paul J. Lioy, 68, American environmental scientist. Ernie Maresca, 76, American songwriter ("Runaround Sue", "The Wanderer") and singer. Ramiro Martinez, 91, Cuban sportscaster. Charles J. McCann, 89, American academic, president of The Evergreen State College. Harry Messel, 93, Canadian-born Australian physicist. Rolf Pettersson, 62, Swedish Olympic swimmer. Lloyd Reckord, 86, Jamaican actor and director. Philippe Rochat, 61, Swiss chef. Frances Shea-Buckley, 86, American rear admiral, Director of the Navy Nurse Corps (1979–1983). Lucita Soriano, 74, Filipino actress. Ken Stabler, 69, American football player (Oakland Raiders), colon cancer. Harry Stowers, 89, American judge, member of the New Mexico Supreme Court (1982–1989). James Tate, 71, American Pulitzer Prize-winning poet. Yoash Tzidon, 88, Romanian-born Israeli politician. Walter Van Gerven, 80, Belgian law professor, Advocate General on the European Court of Justice (1988–1994). 9 Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, 75, Saudi royal, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1975–2015). Christian Audigier, 57, French fashion designer (Ed Hardy, Von Dutch), myelodysplastic syndrome. Jim Bede, 82, American aircraft designer, aneurysm. Caspar Bowden, 53, British privacy advocate, melanoma. Seán Foran, 84, Irish Gaelic football player (Offaly). Paul Gebhard, 98, American sexologist. Bill Hunter, 95, British political activist and author. C. Fred Jones, 85, American politician. Michael Masser, 74, American songwriter ("Saving All My Love for You", "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)"), complications from a stroke. Bashar Nawaz, 79, Indian Urdu poet and songwriter. Sriballav Panigrahi, 74, Indian politician, member of the Lok Sabha (1984–1989, 1991–1998). David M. Raup, 82, American paleontologist, pneumonia. Bent Rolstad, 68, Norwegian anatomist. Tahsin Şahinkaya, 90, Turkish air force general, Commander (1978–1983). R.J. Zwi Werblowsky, 91, Israeli religion scholar. 10 David Bowman, 82, American Episcopal prelate, Bishop of Western New York (1987–1998). Woody Bowman, 73, American politician, member of the Illinois House of Representatives (1977–1990), traffic collision. Sam Bulbulia, 82, South African cricketer. Aldana Carraro, 20, Argentine gymnast. Rosemary Dinnage, 87, British author and reviewer, cancer. Hussein Fatal, 38, American rapper (Outlawz), traffic collision. Peter Jones, 85, British journalist and author, heart failure. Arthur Koning, 70, Dutch Olympic coxswain (1968). Diarmuid Mac an Adhastair, 71, Irish actor (Ros na Rún). Jimmy Murray, 82, Scottish footballer. Leo Muthu, 63, Indian educationist and businessman. Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan, 91, Pakistani politician, Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1956–1957, 1970–1985, 1991–1996). Roger Rees, 71, Welsh-American actor (Cheers, Robin Hood: Men in Tights, The West Wing), Tony winner (1982), stomach cancer. Omar Sharif, 83, Egyptian actor (Lawrence of Arabia, Doctor Zhivago, Funny Girl), heart attack. Jon Vickers, 88, Canadian heldentenor, Alzheimer's disease. Grahame Vivian, 95, British army officer. 11 Claudia Alexander, 56, Canadian-born American geophysicist and planetary scientist (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), breast cancer. Abu Khalil al-Madani, Saudi Al-Qaeda leader. Stig Andersson, 90, Swedish Olympic cyclist. Joyce M. Bennett, 92, English Anglican priest. Giacomo Biffi, 87, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, Archbishop of Bologna (1984–2003). Mark Birdwood, 3rd Baron Birdwood, 76, British peer and politician. Patricia Crone, 70, Danish-American historian and author (Hagarism), cancer. James U. Cross, 90, American military pilot (Air Force One), aide and author. Salvador Dubois Leiva, 79, Nicaraguan football player and coach. Max Fischer, 88, German politician. Alfred E. France, 88, American politician, member of the Minnesota House of Representatives (1963–1970), leukemia. Đuka Galović, 91, Croatian folk musician. Satoru Iwata, 55, Japanese game programmer (Super Smash Bros., Pokémon), president and CEO of Nintendo (since 2002), bile duct cancer. Lawrence K. Karlton, 80, American federal judge, US District Court for Eastern California (1979–2015), complications from heart valve failure. Richard F. Kelly, 78, American politician, member of the Illinois House of Representatives and Senate. Peter de Klerk, 80, South African racing driver. Roy Kurrasch, 92, American football player (Pittsburgh Steelers). Consuelo Castillo de Sánchez Latour, 91, Guatemalan author. André Leysen, 88, Belgian executive. Paavo Lyytikäinen, 85, Finnish footballer. Bunny Mack, 69, Sierra Leonean musician. P. Chendur Pandian, 65, Indian politician, Tamil Nadu MLA for Kadayanallur (since 2011). Ota Petřina, 66, Czech guitarist and songwriter. Thomas Piccirilli, 50, American writer, brain cancer. J.P.C. Roach, 95, British historian. Bojan Udovič, 57, Slovene Yugoslav Olympic cyclist (1980), traffic collision. 12 D'Army Bailey, 73, American civil rights campaigner, judge and actor (The People vs. Larry Flynt), founder of the National Civil Rights Museum, cancer. Cheng Siwei, 80, Chinese economist, President of the China Democratic National Construction Association (1996–2007). Omar Félix Colomé, 82, Argentinian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cruz del Eje (1984–2008). JaJuan Dawson, 37, American football player (Cleveland Browns), drowned. Tenzin Delek Rinpoche, 65, Tibetan Buddhist monk and political prisoner, cardiac arrest from respiratory failure. Mahlon Duckett, 92, American baseball player (Philadelphia Stars). Helen F. Holt, 101, American politician, Secretary of State of West Virginia (1957–1959), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates (1955–1957), heart failure. Chenjerai Hove, 59, Zimbabwean exiled author, journalist and poet, liver failure. Javier Krahe, 71, Spanish singer-songwriter, heart attack. Bosse Larsson, 81, Swedish television presenter (Allsång på Skansen), brain cancer. Buddy Lively, 90, American baseball player (Cincinnati Reds). Milorad Milutinović, 80, Serbian football player and manager (Neuchâtel Xamax). Bafana Mlangeni, 48, South African actor. 13 Sir John Buchanan, 72, New Zealand natural resource executive, CFO of BP (1996–2002), Director of BHP Billiton (2003–2015), Chairman of ARM Holdings. J. R. Gach, 63, American radio personality, diabetes. Philipp Mißfelder, 35, German politician, member of the Bundestag (since 2005), pulmonary embolism. Arturo Paoli, 102, Italian Roman Catholic priest and missionary. Michael Rayner, 82, English opera singer. Ildikó Schwarczenberger, 63, Hungarian fencer, Olympic champion (1976). Joan Sebastian, 64, Mexican singer and songwriter, bone cancer. Campbell Smith, 90, New Zealand artist, poet and playwright. Martin Litchfield West, 77, British classical scholar. Eric Wrixon, 68, Northern Irish keyboardist (Them, Thin Lizzy). Gerhard Zwerenz, 90, German writer and politician, member of the Bundestag (1994–1998). 14 Willer Bordon, 66, Italian businessman and politician, Minister of the Environment (2000–2001). Sir Sam Burston, 100, Australian farmer. Yohanna Dickson, 64, Nigerian military officer, Governor of Taraba (1993–1997). George Gardner Fagg, 81, American federal judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit (1982–2006). Wolf Gremm, 73, German film director and screenwriter, complications from cancer. Gerd Gudding, 63, Norwegian musician. Ismet Hadžić, 61, Bosnian footballer, cancer. Masao Horiba, 90, Japanese businessman, founded Horiba. Nobuo Mii, 84, Japanese computer executive (IBM). Mansour Nariman, 80, Iranian oud player. Olaf Pooley, 101, English actor (Doctor Who, Star Trek: Voyager, Sunday Night Theatre) and writer. Marlene Sanders, 84, American television news executive (ABC World News Tonight, CBS News) and journalist, cancer. Alby Schultz, 76, Australian politician, NSW MP for Burrinjuck (1988–1998), federal MP for Hume (1998–2013), cancer. Dave Somerville, 81, Canadian-American singer (The Diamonds), pancreatic cancer. M. S. Viswanathan, 87, Indian music composer and film scorer. 15 Jacques Allard, 89, French Olympic sailor. Masahiko Aoki, 77, Japanese economist, lung disorder. Phil Cayzer, 93, Australian rower. Federico Cerruti, 93, Italian art collector. Alan Curtis, 80, American harpsichordist, conductor and scholar. Alexis FitzGerald Jnr, 70, Irish politician, member of the Seanad Éireann (1982–1987) and Teachta Dála (1982), Lord Mayor of Dublin (1981–1982). Aubrey Morris, 89, British actor (A Clockwork Orange, Love and Death, The Wicker Man). Oswald Probst, 80, Austrian Olympic archer. Sheila Ramani, 83, Indian actress, complications from Alzheimer's disease. Howard Rumsey, 97, American modern jazz double bassist, bandleader and nightclub owner. Wan Li, 98, Chinese politician, Chairman of the National People's Congress (1988–1993). Jacques Thébault, 91, French actor. Fred Wendorf, 90, American archaeologist. Rogi Wieg, 52, Dutch writer and musician, euthanasia. 16 Denis Avey, 96, British World War II veteran and memoirist. Joseph Caprani, 95, Irish cricket player and umpire. Paul Chervet, 73, Swiss Olympic boxer. Evelyn Ebsworth, 82, British chemist and university administrator, Vice-Chancellor and Warden of Durham University (1990–1998). Alcides Ghiggia, 88, Uruguayan-Italian football player and manager (Peñarol), heart attack. John H. Gibbons, 86, American scientist, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (1993–1998). Sir Jack Goody, 95, British social anthropologist. Raymond Goussot, 93, French cyclist. Brian Hall, 68, Scottish footballer (Liverpool), leukaemia. Alan Kupperberg, 62, American comic book artist (The Amazing Spider-Man, Thor, Iron Man), thymus cancer. Jean Lacouture, 94, French journalist and historian. Jim Mayne, 64, Canadian politician, leader of Prince Edward Island New Democratic Party (1983–1989). V. Ramakrishna, 67, Indian playback singer and film scorer, cancer. Moreshwar Save, 85, Indian politician, MP for Aurangabad (1989–1996). Veikko Savela, 96, Finnish politician. Pranciškus Tupikas, 86, Lithuanian politician. W. Wilbert Welch, 97, American theologian. Milton L. Wood, 92, American Episcopal prelate, Bishop Suffragan of Atlanta (1967–1974). 17 Andal Ampatuan, Sr., 74, Filipino politician, Governor of Maguindanao, suspect in the Maguindanao massacre, heart attack. Bill Arnsparger, 88, American football coach (New York Giants, LSU Tigers) and athletic director (University of Florida), heart attack. Jules Bianchi, 25, French Formula One driver, head injuries sustained in a race collision. Owen Chadwick, 99, British historian, theologian, and rugby player. Murray Feingold, 84, American physician and medical journalist. Francis P. Filice, 92, American priest and academic. Don Fontana, 84, Canadian tennis player. Duff Holbrook, 92, American biologist and outdoorsman, designer of rocket net for use in hunting. Ray Jessel, 85, Welsh scriptwriter and songwriter (Baker Street). William C. Kuebler, 44, American military officer, appointed lawyer for Omar Khadr, cancer. John McCluskey, 71, Scottish Olympic boxer (1964). Van Miller, 87, American football announcer (Buffalo Bills). James Nyondo, 47, Malawian politician, lung cancer. Susumu Okubo, 85, Japanese theoretical physicist. Nova Pilbeam, 95, British actress (The Man Who Knew Too Much, Young and Innocent, Tudor Rose). Dagmar Sierck, 57, German Olympic swimmer. John Taylor, 72, British jazz pianist, heart attack. Dick van Bekkum, 89, Dutch radiobiologist. 18 Tim Beaglehole, 82, New Zealand historian and educator, chancellor of Victoria University, pneumonia. Sushil Bhattacharya, 90, Indian football player, men's (East Bengal) and women's (national team) coach. Ron Bissett, 83, Canadian Olympic basketball player. Elmer Borstad, 90, Canadian politician. Buddy Buie, 74, American songwriter ("Spooky", "Traces"), heart attack. George Coe, 86, American actor (Archer, Kramer vs. Kramer, The Mighty Ducks). Neal Falls, 45, American murder suspect, shot. Lou Gardiner, 62, New Zealand military officer, Chief of the Army (2003–2006), cancer. Priscilla Kincaid-Smith, 88, South African-Australian nephrologist, discovered the link between phenacetin and kidney cancer. Athanasios Moulakis, 70, Greek historian and political scientist. Alex Rocco, 79, American actor (The Godfather, The George Carlin Show, The Facts of Life), Emmy winner (1990), pancreatic cancer. Hugh Stretton, 91, Australian historian. Per Tønder, 104, Norwegian politician. Wang Fuzhou, 80, Chinese mountain climber. Allan Willett, 78, British soldier and businessman, Lord-Lieutenant of Kent (2002–2011). Brock Winkless, 55, American puppeteer and visual effects technician (Child's Play, Tales from the Crypt, Terminator 2: Judgment Day); multiple sclerosis. Yang Ko-han, 27, Taiwanese actress, suicide by hanging. 19 Van Alexander, 100, American big band leader, songwriter-arranger ("A-Tisket, A-Tasket"), film and television composer (I Dream of Jeannie, Bewitched), heart failure. Rugger Ardizoia, 95, Italian baseball player (New York Yankees), stroke. Stellan Bojerud, 70, Swedish politician, MP for Dalarna (2012–2015). Douglas S. Cook, 56, American screenwriter (The Rock, Double Jeopardy). Elio Fiorucci, 80, Italian fashion designer. Josh Greenberg, 28, American technology executive, co-founder of Grooveshark. Lalubha Jadeja, 92, Indian cricketer. Bernat Martínez, 35, Spanish motorcycle racer, race collision. Richard Ochoa, 31, Venezuelan cyclist, motorcycle collision. Bryan O'Linn, 87, South African-born Namibian jurist and human rights advocate, member of the High Court (1989–1999) and Supreme Court (1999–2006). Sybren Polet, 91, Dutch writer. Galina Prozumenshchikova, 66, Russian Soviet-era swimmer, Olympic champion (1964). Carmino Ravosa, 85, American composer and lyricist. Dani Rivas, 27, Spanish motorcycle racer, race collision. David Roth, 56, American opera director and manager Gennadiy Seleznyov, 67, Russian politician, Speaker of the Duma (1996–2003). Mildred Joanne Smith, 94, American actress (No Way Out) and educator, survivor of National Airlines Flight 101 crash. Václav Snítil, 87, Czech violinist and teacher. 20 Jean Alfred, 75, Canadian politician. George Bon Salle, 80, American basketball player. Wayne Carson, 72, American songwriter ("The Letter", "Always on My Mind", "Neon Rainbow"). Fred Else, 82, English footballer (Preston North End). Ron Fitch, 105, Australian railway historian. Inge Glashörster, 88, German Olympic sprinter. Sally Gross, 81, American dancer and choreographer, ovarian cancer. Des Horne, 75, South African footballer (Blackpool). Kafumba Konneh, 71, Liberian Islamic cleric, peace activist and public servant, commissioner of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Dieter Moebius, 71, Swiss-German electronic musician (Cluster, Harmonia, Moebius & Plank), cancer. Tom Moore, 86, American cartoonist (Archie), throat cancer. Sieghardt Rupp, 84, Austrian actor. Raymond Stora, 84, French theoretical physicist. Shunsuke Tsurumi, 93, Japanese philosopher and anti-war activist, pneumonia. Giorgos Velentzas, 87, Greek actor. Colin Youren, 76, Australian football player (Hawthorn), cancer. 21 Mitch Aliotta, 71, American musician (Rotary Connection, Aliotta Haynes Jeremiah), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gigi Angelillo, 75, Italian actor and voice actor. Theodore Bikel, 91, Austrian-born American actor (The Defiant Ones, My Fair Lady, Fiddler on the Roof), folk singer and composer. Robert Broberg, 75, Swedish singer and songwriter, Parkinson's disease. Luiz Paulo Conde, 80, Brazilian politician and architect, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro (1997–2001). Charlie Cullinane, 72, Irish hurler (Cork). William R. Dickinson, 83, American geoscientist, member of the National Academy of Sciences. E. L. Doctorow, 84, American author (Ragtime, Billy Bathgate, The March), complications from lung cancer. Buddy Emmons, 78, American steel guitarist. Paul Freeman, 79, American music conductor, founder of Chicago Sinfonietta. Günter Fronius, 107, Austrian entrepreneur. Gelsen Gas, 82, Mexican artist and filmmaker. Nicholas Gonzalez, 67, American physician known for alternative cancer treatments. Ho Sheng-lung, 62, Taiwanese politician, MLY (1998–1999), liver cancer. T. Kanakam, 88, Indian actress. Kang Nung-su, 85, North Korean politician. Alfredo Lardelli, 59, Swiss murderer and businessman, multiple organ failure. Czesław Marchaj, 97, Polish yachtsman and professor. Ernie McCullough, 89, Canadian Olympic sprinter. Anthony Megale, 61, American mobster. Mariam Mfaki, 69, Tanzanian politician, MP for Dodoma (since 2000), lung cancer. Dick Nanninga, 66, Dutch footballer (Roda JC Kerkrade, national team), complications from diabetes. Serhiy Omelyanovych, 37, Ukrainian footballer (Charleroi). Don Randall, 62, Australian politician, MP for Swan (1996–1998) and Canning (since 2001), suspected heart attack. Olav Riste, 82, Norwegian historian. James F. Rothenberg, 69, American financial executive, chairman of the Capital Group, heart attack. Mike Turner, 80, English cricketer (Leicestershire). 22 Barbara Calvert, 89, British barrister. Herschal Crow, 80, American politician, member of the Oklahoma Senate (1969–1982) and Secretary of Transportation (2001–2003), complications following hip surgery. Denny Ebbers, 41, Dutch Olympic judoka (1996), brain tumor. Christopher M. Fairman, 54, American legal scholar (Fuck: Word Taboo and Protecting Our First Amendment Liberties), cardiac arrest. Eddie Hardin, 66, British rock musician (Spencer Davis Group) and singer-songwriter, heart attack. Marilyn C. Jones, 88, American baseball player (AAGBPL). Don Joyce, 71, American musician (Negativland) and radio personality (Over the Edge), heart failure. Frank Narvo, 82, Australian rugby league player (Newtown Jets). Daron Norwood, 49, American country music singer. Roble Olhaye, 71, Djiboutian diplomat, Ambassador to the United States (since 1988), Dean of the Diplomatic Corps of Washington, D.C. Natasha Parry, 84, British actress (Romeo and Juliet, Oh! What a Lovely War, Meetings with Remarkable Men), stroke. Simon-Pierre Saint-Hillien, 64, Haitian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Hinche (since 2009). Josef Scheungraber, 97, German World War II army officer and convicted war criminal. Hoza'a Sherif, 54, Lebanese diplomat, Ambassador to Iraq (since 2006), cancer. Martin Storey, British Channel Islander politician, member of the States (since 2008), cancer. Gordon Stuart, 91, Canadian-born Welsh portrait artist. Horst Walter, 76, German footballer (Dynamo Dresden). 23 William Wakefield Baum, 88, American Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Washington (1973–1980), Cardinal (1976–2015). Mladen Dražetin, 64, Serbian academic and poet. Francis Guess, 69, American civil rights advocate and public servant, member of the U. S. Civil Rights Commission (1983–1989). Jon the Postman, 59, English punk rock singer, burst heart valve. Shigeko Kubota, 77, Japanese artist, cancer. Mexicano 777, 43, Puerto Rican rapper, tongue and throat cancer. Don Oberdorfer, 84, American journalist and author, Alzheimer's disease. Rasoul Raeisi, 90, Iranian Olympic weightlifter (1948). José Sazatornil, 89, Spanish actor. Aung Thaung, 74, Burmese politician and businessman, member of the Pyithu Hluttaw for Taungtha Township (since 2011). Cirilo Vila, 77, Chilean composer, heart attack. James L. White, 67, American screenwriter (Ray), complications from pancreatic cancer. 24 Irv Bauer, 82, American playwright and screenwriter. Corsino Fortes, 82, Cape Verdean writer, poet and diplomat, Ambassador to Portugal (1975–1981). Peg Lynch, 98, American comedy writer and actress (Ethel and Albert). Florenz Regalado, 86, Filipino Supreme Court judge. Jürgen Rohwer, 91, German naval historian. Mario Sereni, 87, Italian operatic baritone. Ingrid Sischy, 63, South African magazine editor and critic, breast cancer. Dale Sturtz, 77, American politician, member of the Indiana House of Representatives (1992–2002). 25 Jacques Andreani, 85, French diplomat. Kalpataru Das, 64, Indian politician, member of the Rajya Sabha (since 2014), Odisha MLA for Dharmasala (1995–2014), cancer. R. S. Gavai, 85, Indian politician, Governor of Bihar (2006–2008), Kerala (2008–2011), member of the Rajya Sabha (2000–2006), MP for Amravati (1998). Silan Kadirgamar, 81, Sri Lankan academic. Bob Kauffman, 69, American basketball player (Seattle SuperSonics, Buffalo Braves) and coach (Detroit Pistons). Larbi Messari, 79, Moroccan politician and diplomat, Minister of Communications (1998–2000), Ambassador to Brazil (1985–1991). Robin Phillips, 73, British-born Canadian actor and director (Long Day's Journey into Night, Jekyll & Hyde, The Marriage of Figaro), artistic director of Stratford Festival (1975–1980). Scott Sims, 59, American veterinarian and television personality (Aloha Vet), bladder cancer. Joseph Skerrett, 72, American literary critic. Nilo Zandanel, 77, Italian Olympic ski jumper. 26 Abu Zant, 60–61, Jordanian Muslim scholar and politician, member of the House of Representatives (1989–1997). Richard Bass, 85, American ski executive and mountaineer, co-founder of Snowbird Ski Resort, first person to climb the Seven Summits, pulmonary fibrosis. Bobbi Kristina Brown, 22, American media personality and singer, water immersion and drug intoxication. Peter Ehrlich, 82, German actor. Peggy Evans, 94, British actress (The Blue Lamp). Vic Firth, 85, American musician and percussion mallet manufacturer, pancreatic cancer. Benita Gil, 102, Spanish teacher and exiled, Order of Isabella the Catholic (2014). Wolfgang Gönnenwein, 82, German conductor and music director, director of Staatstheater Stuttgart (1985–1992). Bijoy Krishna Handique, 80, Indian politician, MP for Jorhat (1991–2014), Rajya Sabha (1980–1986), Assam MLA for Jorhat (1971–1980). Lee Harwood, 76, British poet. Han Heijenbrock, 85, Dutch Olympic rower. Junichi Komori, 74, Japanese billiards player, cancer. Mike Kostiuk, 95, Canadian-born American football player (Cleveland Rams, Detroit Lions), heart failure. Jeffrey S. Lyons, 75, Canadian lawyer, lobbyist and business executive, heart attack. Flora MacDonald, 89, Canadian politician, Secretary of State for External Affairs (1979–1980), MP for Kingston and the Islands (1972–1988). Robert Mosher, 94, American architect (San Diego–Coronado Bridge). Lerryn Mutton, 90, Australian politician, member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Yaralla (1968–1978). Vasili Pichul, 54, Ukrainian-born Russian film director (Little Vera). Leo Reise Jr., 93, Canadian ice hockey player (Detroit Red Wings), lung cancer. Ann Rule, 83, American true crime author (The Stranger Beside Me), heart failure. Pía Sebastiani, 90, Argentine pianist and composer. Richard Smith, 80, Australian diplomat. Sebastiano Vassalli, 73, Italian novelist. Joe Williams, 56, American film critic (St. Louis Post-Dispatch), traffic collision. 27 Tom Boyd, 86, American politician, member of the Idaho House of Representatives (1977–1992). Edward Campbell, 71, English rugby league player. J. W. S. Cassels, 93, British mathematician, fall. Rickey Grundy, 56, American gospel musician. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, 83, Indian scientist and politician, President of India (2002–2007), heart attack. Paul Langford, 69, British historian, Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford (2000–2012). Chris Lazari, 69, Cypriot-born British property developer, heart attack. Ivan Moravec, 84, Czech concert pianist. Clyde M. Narramore, 98, American author and psychologist. Rafael Navarro Núñez, 69, Spanish painter. Samuel Pisar, 86, Polish-born American lawyer, writer and Holocaust survivor, pneumonia. Alina Rodríguez, 63, Cuban actress, cancer. Anthony Shaw, 85, British army general, Director General Army Medical Services (1988–1990). Tony Vogel, 73, British actor (Raiders of the Lost Ark, Mission: Impossible, Miracle). 28 James H. Allen, 87, American clown and children's television personality, heart failure. Diego Barisone, 26, Argentine footballer (Unión de Santa Fe), traffic collision. Claude M. Bolton Jr., 69, American army general. David Faber, 86, Polish-born Holocaust survivor and author (Because of Romek). Rip Hawkins, 76, American football player (Minnesota Vikings), Lewy body dementia. John M. Hull, 80, British theologian. Barry Hunter, 87, Australian Anglican prelate, Bishop of Riverina (1971–1992). James Jude, 87, American thoracic surgeon, developer of CPR, neurological disorder. Carolyn Kaelin, 54, American cancer surgeon, cancer. Jan Kulczyk, 65, Polish businessman (Kulczyk Investments), wealthiest person in Poland, complications of heart surgery. David Leaning, 78, British Anglican priest. Edward Natapei, 61, Ni-Vanuatu politician, President (1999), Prime Minister (2001–2004, 2008–2009, 2009–2010, 2011), MP (1983–2008). Olubuse II, 85, Nigerian traditional ruler of Ife. Fred Otnes, 89, American artist. Josef Pecanka, 90, Austrian field hockey player, football player and coach. Franciscus Xaverius Rocharjanta Prajasuta, 83, Indonesian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Banjarmasin (1983–2008), kidney failure. Clive Rice, 66, South African cricketer, brain tumour. Shawn Robinson, 41, American stunt performer (Guardians of the Galaxy, Transformers, Hook). Suniti Solomon, 76, Indian doctor and AIDS researcher. Jack Boynton Strong, 85, American politician, member of the Texas Senate (1963–1971), Alzheimer's disease. 29 Giorgio Albani, 86, Italian cyclist. Harry B. Brock Jr., 90, American banker. Antony Holland, 95, British-born Canadian actor, playwright, and theatre director. Malik Ishaq, 55–56, Pakistani Lashkar-e-Jhangvi leader, shot. Vasundhara Komkali, 84, Indian classical musician. Sir Peter O'Sullevan, 97, Irish-born British horse racing commentator, cancer. Charles Pous, 66, French Olympic hockey player. Mike Pyle, 76, American football player (Chicago Bears), 1963 NFL Champion, brain hemorrhage. Jemera Rone, 71, American human rights activist, ovarian cancer. Liya Shakirova, 94, Soviet and Russian linguist. Peter Sim, 98, Australian politician, Senator for Western Australia (1964–1981). Tamarillo, 23, British eventing horse, euthanised. (death announced on this date) Sir John Todd, 88, New Zealand businessman (Todd Corporation) and philanthropist. Alfredo Vernacotola, 37, Italian poet. Franklin H. Westervelt, 85, American computer scientist. 30 Oleg Alekseev, 62, Russian Soviet wrestler. Lynn Anderson, 67, American country singer ("Rose Garden"), heart attack. Stuart Baggs, 27, English entrepreneur and The Apprentice candidate. John Bitove, Sr., 87, Canadian businessman. Louise Crossley, 72–73, Australian environmentalist and scientist. Clifford Earl, 81, British actor (Doctor Who, The Sea Wolves). Harry Gast, 94, American politician, member of the Michigan Senate (1979–2002). Kenneth Irby, 78, American poet. Endel Lippmaa, 84, Estonian scientist and politician. Yakub Memon, 53, Indian terrorist and chartered accountant, convicted of financing the 1993 Bombay bombings, execution by hanging. Francis Paul Prucha, 94, American historian. Louis Sokoloff, 93, American neuroscientist. Alena Vrzáňová, 84, Czech figure skater, World Champion (1949, 1950) and European Champion (1950). John Weinert, 83, American college basketball coach (Bowling Green Falcons). Ernst K. Zinner, 78, Austrian-born American astrophysicist. 31 Charles P. Bowers, 86, American baseball scout (Boston Red Sox, Los Angeles Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies), Parkinson's disease. Curtis Brown, 60, American football player (Buffalo Bills), heart attack. Alan Cheuse, 75, American writer and critic, traffic collision. Ruud Sesink Clee, 84, Dutch rower. Coralie de Burgh, 90, British painter. Rubén Espinosa, 31, Mexican photographer and journalist. murdered. Robert Hemenway, 73, American educator, Chancellor of the University of Kansas (1995–2009). Howard W. Jones, 104, American physician, IVF pioneer, respiratory failure. Takeshi Katō, 86, Japanese actor (Ran). Gerald S. O'Loughlin, 93, American actor (The Rookies, In Cold Blood, Ice Station Zebra). Sasi Perumal, 59, Indian Gandhian and anti-alcohol activist. Billy Pierce, 88, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, San Francisco Giants), gallbladder cancer. Roddy Piper, 61, Canadian professional wrestler (WWE, NWA, WCW) and actor (They Live, Hell Comes to Frogtown, Body Slam), complications from hypertension. Red Dragon, 49, Jamaican reggae singer. Richard Schweiker, 89, American politician, Secretary of HHS (1981–1983), Senator from Pennsylvania (1969–1981), U.S. Representative from Penn 13th district (1961–1969), infection. László Sinkó, 75, Hungarian actor. Derek Turner, 82, English rugby league player (Wakefield Trinity). W. Eugene Wilson, 86, American politician. Zhang Jingfu, 101, Chinese politician, Finance Minister (1975–1979), State Councilor (1978–1988). References 2015-07 07
Ramnadi is a river in Pune District and is a tributary of Mula. It originates in the Sahyadris near Kathpewadi, north-west of Pune city. The river flows through the Bhugaon, Bhukum, Bavdhan, Pashan, Baner and Aundh areas of Pune city. It is defined as a brook by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The width of the river channel has decreased due to illegal constructions and dumping of construction debris. These constructions are yet to be removed. Many rallies have been held to save the river. However, it has been turned into a sewage canal due to dumping of garbage on its banks. Many local residents are in fact unaware of the river's existence. At present the condition of river is like a nullaha. Hence the PMC has undertaken a project to beautify this river. The proposal includes development of a garden along the banks of the river. The Pashan Lake and Manas lake are the major water bodies on the river basin. Watershed The river originates in the western ghats at an elevation of 957 m above sea level. It then flows in the north-west direction eventually merging with the Mula River at an elevation of 550 m. The villages Bhukum, Bhugaon and Pirangut along with the Bavdhan, Aundh, Pashan and Karvenagar suburbs of Pune lie in the Ramnadi watershed. Major water bodies on the river basin are Pashan Lake and Manas lake both of which are man-made. Flooding History In 2011 heavy monsoon rains led to flooding on its banks in the low lying Bavdhan, Pashan, Aundh and Baner areas of Pune. Protest by residents followed which demanded that the PMC look into taking flood control measures along the river. In response a joint survey by the PMC and District Administration was taken to list out encroachments along the river bank and channel. In 2019 heavy monsoon rains led to flooding on the river's banks mainly in the Aundh-Baner region of Pune, over 2,000 people were evacuated during the aftermath. Causes Activists and experts believe the floods to be a result of decreased water carrying capacity of the river. Encroachment and illegal constructions have decreased the width of the river channel and reduced its water carrying capacity. These illegal constructions are yet to be removed. The construction of a retaining wall along the river channel by the PMC has allowed for reclamation of land in the flood plain for construction activities. The lack of a proper flood line demarcation has further allowed for constructions in the flood plain. This has reduced the channel area by almost 15%. Construction debris and sewage deposition have obstructed the natural flow of the river. Ramnadi is fed by around 416 stream out of which 106 no longer exist. Most of them have been destroyed as a result of construction and encroachment activities. This has destroyed the natural catchment area. Together these factors have made the areas surrounding the river flood prone. Restoration Years of unchecked dumping of trash, as well as illegal encroachments on the banks of the river, has nearly destroyed its ecosystem. Hence it has sparked several restoration projects lead by environmental activists as well as concerned citizens over the years. Ramnadi Restoration Mission The Ramnadi Restoration Mission (RRM) is one of the biggest river restoration projects in Pune, involving nearly 15,000 students from 38 colleges, 25 schools and 18 city-based environmental groups, local politicians and residents. It aims to restore the river to at least its state in 1949 (70 years prior). It official started on June 4, 2019. The mission has youth at the heart of its efforts. “We believe that school children are the strongest catalyst between the RRM and the society. In our initiative, we have adopted 1.5 lakh students. When we teach them, they in turn educate their families about the cause.”, says Virēndra Citrav, coordinator of the mission. The 19.2 km long river has been divided into nine stretches of around 2 km each. Each stretch has been allotted to three local colleges, who will carry out the mission's 40-point program designed to form a bond between the students and the river. Activities include cleaning the water body, natural farming, workshops on film-making, and competitions like elocution, photography and painting. Students are encouraged to create artifacts from garbage retrieved during river cleanup. At the same time, environmental groups in the RRM address the more fundamental aspects of restoration. Phase 1 of the project involves the rejuvenation of Khatpewadi lake. Removal of silt from the water body will help increase its capacity, the silt will be used to reduce the gradient of its banks. Plantation of trees along the bank will also be done. Construction of artificial islands in the lake is also being considered to provide ample space for migratory birds to nest and rest. Phase 1 is expected to span over a period of 3 years. Initial restoration efforts part of Phase 1, resulted in a 25% increase in the water sustaining capacity of the Khatpewadi lake. In February 2022, the RRM announced its plan to convert the lake into a lotus lake. Led by Saṅjay Gurav, a fine arts teacher from Khāmgāv in Vidarbha, the efforts are expected to enhance the health of the water near the source of the Ramnadi. Experts and environmentalist working with the Ramnadi Restoration Mission prepared a report titled "Ramnadi Flood Report" which analysed the unprecedented flooding of the river during the 2019 monsoon. Key points included loss of tree cover and encroachment by buildings and strongly emphasised the need for flood mapping. The report was submitted to the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). In June 2021, the PMC "agreed in principle" to set up a dedicated committee to streamline the restoration efforts of the RRM. PMC commissioner Vikram Kumar approved the demand to prepare an independent development plan for Ramnadi and invite the representatives of the NGOs to be part of the committee, with the mayor as the chairman. The gram panchayats of Bhukum and Bhugaon have taken action to show their support for the efforts of the RRM - in April 2022, they issued notices to the PMC and the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) to halt excavation work for a garbage collection facility that falls too close to Ramnadi's floodlines. References Rivers of Maharashtra Geography of Pune district
Santa Ana Hill is a tourist attraction in Guayaquil, Ecuador. History The horizon line when viewed from the Guayas River is punctuated by two hills on its right margin. The Santa Ana and El Carmen Hills are icons of visual reference to locate any of the principal sectors of the city. It was on the Santa Ana Hill and its surroundings that the first definite settlement of its citizens began in 1547. Settling on the “Little Green Hill”, as it was originally called, afforded complete visibility and ample possibilities for defense. Additionally, the firm ground, compared to the plains below, allowed for more solid and reliable structures. The first main church and town hall were built, and the traffic of its populace slowly trickled downward to the surrounding areas. The San Carlos and La Planchada fortifications were faced toward the river to defend against one of the most fearsome enemies of the city, pirates. Pirate battles gradually gave way to commercial endeavors. Present Cannons and forts remain around the Santa Ana Hill. The ascent to the renovated tourist center begins at the Diego Noboa central staircase that traverses the brilliantly colored facades of the houses. After 456 steps that lead by cafes, restaurants, art galleries and tiny plazas, the overview of the city appears. Attractions There are some attractions of general interest Plaza mirador el fortin Capilla de Santa Ana Lighthouse Plaza de honores Museo Abierto Restaurants and bars The Santa Ana Hill is surrounded by restaurants and bars. La Palette (bar) Escalon 69 (bar) Budahai (bar) La casa del Marinero (restaurant) Hills of Ecuador Tourist attractions in Guayaquil
The Estadio Municipal de San Cristóbal de las Casas is a multi-use stadium located in San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium for Ocelotes UNACH. The stadium has a capacity of 4,000 people. References External links Sports venues in Chiapas Municipal de San Cristóbal de las Casas Athletics (track and field) venues in Mexico
Epalahame "Hame" Lauaki (born 27 January 1984) is a Tongan former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Bradford Bulls in the Championship. Background Lauaki was born in Ha'apai, Tonga. He is the brother of former All Black Sione Lauaki. He is the cousin of rugby league and union star Tevita Vaikona. Early years Lauaki was educated at Waitakere College and then at Kelston Boys High School and played for the Waitemata Seagulls and Glenora Bears in the Auckland Rugby League competition. New Zealand Warriors He was signed by the New Zealand Warriors and made his first grade début on 14 March 2004 against Brisbane Broncos at Suncorp Stadium. During his Warriors career he was used mainly as an interchange player, starting only ten games in sixty nine appearances. When not selected for the first grade side, Lauaki played for the Waitakere Rangers in the Bartercard Cup and the Auckland Lions and Auckland Vulcans in the NSW Cup. In 2007 he signed a three-year extension with the Warriors, making him a Warrior until the end of the 2010 season. Hull On 23 February 2009 it was announced that Lauaki had been released by the Warriors so he could sign a 3-year deal to play for Hull F.C. in the Super League. He made his Super League début for Hull against Harlequins RL on 21 August 2009 and has since made himself a crowd favourite at the KC Stadium. After finally arriving at the KC Stadium late in 2009, Lauaki made his intentions clear with a number of brutally committed displays. The hard-working, powerful second-rower or prop forward will provide some serious physicality, along with good feet and a great offload and many teams will fear him this season. Those attributes were epitomised in 2010, with a stunning hand off on Leon Pryce to score against St. Helens on the opening day of the season, before a similar try against Salford later that year as he held off four men to touch down. Wigan Lauaki joined Wigan in 2012. He made 35 appearances for the club, scoring two tries, before being released in January 2014. He signed with the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, but did not play a game and was released at the end of 2014. Bradford Bulls 2015 - 2015 Season Lauaki signed for Bradford on a 2 Year Deal. He did not feature in any of the pre-season friendlies. He featured in Round 3 (Featherstone Rovers) then in Round 5 (Batley Bulldogs) to Round 7 (Halifax). He played in Round 9 (London Broncos) then in Round 11 (Sheffield Eagles) to Round 18 (Workington Town). He played in Round 21 (Sheffield Eagles) to Round 23 (Halifax). Lauaki played in Qualifier 1 (Sheffield Eagles) to Qualifier 7 (Halifax). Epalahame played in the £1 Million Game against Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He also featured in the Challenge Cup in Round 4 (Workington Town). He scored against Workington Town (1 try). 2016 - 2016 Season Lauaki featured in the pre-season friendlies against Leeds Rhinos and Castleford Tigers. He featured in Round 1 (Featherstone Rovers) then in Round 16 (Dewsbury Rams) to Round 18 (Batley Bulldogs). He played in Round 20 (Leigh Centurions) and then in Round 22 (Oldham R.L.F.C.). Lauaki played in the Championship Shield Game 1 (Whitehaven) then in Game 3 (Oldham R.L.F.C.) to Game 4 (Dewsbury Rams). He scored against Oldham R.L.F.C. (1 try). Statistics Statistics do not include pre-season friendlies. Representative career In 2006 Lauaki was named in the New Zealand 'A' team that played against an Australian Invitational side. In 2007 Lauaki was then named in the New Zealand national rugby league team squad for the tour of Great Britain. He played in two tests for the Kiwis and also played in the All Golds match. Lauaki then decided to switch his international allegiance to the nation of his birth, Tonga. In August 2008, Lauaki was named in the Tongan training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup, and in October 2008 he was named in the final 24-man Tonga squad. He played in three games at the tournament as well as a warm up game against the New Zealand national rugby league team. Personal life Lauaki is the third eldest from a total of nine siblings. His parents Kepu and Mele Fale Lauaki both come from Tonga. His immediate family reside in Auckland, New Zealand. Lauaki married Renee (née Halapua) from Hihifo, Tonga, whom he met in Auckland, New Zealand. They have four boys together, the eldest, Kepu Lauaki Jr, who is named after his father, and his second son, Mana'ia Lauaki who was born in 2011. Lauaki and his family resided in England until returning to New Zealand after Sione's passing in 2017. Lauaki is good friends with fellow Hull F.C. and Tonga team mates Willie Manu and Sam Moa. The trio are commonly known by the Hull fans as 'The Tongan Mafia'. In 2023, Lauaki participated in season 3 of Match Fit, where former rugby players return to play against the Australian counterparts. He joined in the first season that featured former rugby league stars. By the halfway point of the program, he revealed that he still struggles with Sione Lauaki's death in 2017 due to heart and kidney problems. References External links New Zealand Warriors profile 1984 births Tongan rugby league players Tonga national rugby league team players New Zealand national rugby league team players Hull F.C. players Wigan Warriors players New Zealand Warriors players Exiles rugby league team players Auckland rugby league team players Glenora Bears players Waitakere rugby league team players Rugby league second-rows Tongan emigrants to New Zealand Living people Sportspeople from Haʻapai People educated at Waitākere College People educated at Kelston Boys' High School
In computer science, a mark–compact algorithm is a type of garbage collection algorithm used to reclaim unreachable memory. Mark–compact algorithms can be regarded as a combination of the mark–sweep algorithm and Cheney's copying algorithm. First, reachable objects are marked, then a compacting step relocates the reachable (marked) objects towards the beginning of the heap area. Compacting garbage collection is used by modern JVMs, Microsoft's Common Language Runtime and by the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. Algorithms After marking the live objects in the heap in the same fashion as the mark–sweep algorithm, the heap will often be fragmented. The goal of mark–compact algorithms is to shift the live objects in memory together so the fragmentation is eliminated. The challenge is to correctly update all pointers to the moved objects, most of which will have new memory addresses after the compaction. The issue of handling pointer updates is handled in different ways. Table-based compaction A table-based algorithm was first described by Haddon and Waite in 1967. It preserves the relative placement of the live objects in the heap, and requires only a constant amount of overhead. Compaction proceeds from the bottom of the heap (low addresses) to the top (high addresses). As live (that is, marked) objects are encountered, they are moved to the first available low address, and a record is appended to a break table of relocation information. For each live object, a record in the break table consists of the object's original address before the compaction and the difference between the original address and the new address after compaction. The break table is stored in the heap that is being compacted, but in an area that is marked as unused. To ensure that compaction will always succeed, the minimum object size in the heap must be larger than or the same size as a break table record. As compaction progresses, relocated objects are copied towards the bottom of the heap. Eventually an object will need to be copied to the space occupied by the break table, which now must be relocated elsewhere. These movements of the break table, (called rolling the table by the authors) cause the relocation records to become disordered, requiring the break table to be sorted after the compaction is complete. The cost of sorting the break table is O(n log n), where n is the number of live objects that were found in the mark stage of the algorithm. Finally, the break table relocation records are used to adjust pointer fields inside the relocated objects. The live objects are examined for pointers, which can be looked up in the sorted break table of size n in O(log n) time if the break table is sorted, for a total running time of O(n log n). Pointers are then adjusted by the amount specified in the relocation table. LISP 2 algorithm In order to avoid O(n log n) complexity, the algorithm uses three different passes over the heap. In addition, heap objects must have a separate forwarding pointer slot that is not used outside of garbage collection. After standard marking, the algorithm proceeds in the following three passes: Compute the forwarding location for live objects. Keep track of a free and live pointer and initialize both to the start of heap. If the live pointer points to a live object, update that object's forwarding pointer to the current free pointer and increment the free pointer according to the object's size. Move the live pointer to the next object End when the live pointer reaches the end of heap. Update all pointers For each live object, update its pointers according to the forwarding pointers of the objects they point to. Move objects For each live object, move its data to its forwarding location. This algorithm is O(n) on the size of the heap; it has a better complexity than the table-based approach, but the table-based approach's n is the size of the used space only, not the entire heap space as in the LISP2 algorithm. However, the LISP2 algorithm is simpler to implement. See also Dead-code elimination Tracing garbage collection References Automatic memory management Memory management algorithms
James Myers Thompson (September 27, 1906 – April 7, 1977) was an American prose writer and screenwriter, known for his hardboiled crime fiction. Thompson wrote more than thirty novels, the majority of which were original paperback publications, published from the late-1940s through mid-1950s. Despite some positive critical notice—notably by Anthony Boucher in The New York Times—he was little-recognized in his lifetime. Only after death did Thompson's literary stature grow. In the late 1980s, several of his novels were re-published in the Black Lizard series of re-discovered crime fiction. His best-regarded works include The Killer Inside Me, Savage Night, A Hell of a Woman and Pop. 1280. In these works, Thompson turned the derided crime genre into literature and art, featuring unreliable narrators, odd structure, and the quasi-surrealistic inner narratives of the last thoughts of his dying or dead characters. A number of Thompson's books were adapted as popular films, including The Getaway and The Grifters. The writer R.V. Cassill has suggested that of all crime fiction, Thompson's was the rawest and most harrowing; that neither Dashiell Hammett nor Raymond Chandler nor Horace McCoy ever "wrote a book within miles of Thompson". Similarly, in the introduction to Now and on Earth, Stephen King says he most admires Thompson's work because "The guy was over the top. The guy was absolutely over the top. Big Jim didn't know the meaning of the word stop. There are three brave 'lets' inherent in the foregoing: He let himself see everything, he let himself write it down, then he let himself publish it." Thompson was called a "Dimestore Dostoevsky" by writer Geoffrey O'Brien. Film director Stephen Frears, who directed an adaptation of Thompson's The Grifters in 1990, also identified elements of Greek tragedy in his themes. Life and career Thompson's life was nearly as colorful as his fiction. His novels were considered semi-autobiographical, or, at least, inspired by his experiences. (The theme of a once-prominent family overtaken by ill-fortune was featured in some of Thompson's works.) Thompson's father, known as "Big Jim" Thompson, was a teacher for a decade in Burwell, Nebraska before his son's birth; his wife and Jim's mother, Birdie Myers, was a former student. He moved the family to Anadarko, Oklahoma Territory, and was elected sheriff of Caddo County. He ran for the state legislature in 1906, but was defeated. Jim Thompson was born in 1906 in an apartment over the county jail. In 1907, Big Jim was accused of embezzlement and fled to Mexico on horseback. The rest of the family moved back to Birdie's family farm in Burwell. In 1910, they reunited in Oklahoma City, and eventually moved again to Fort Worth, Texas, where Big Jim worked in the oil industry, making and losing a fortune. Thompson's father would inspire several characters in his later fiction, including Lou Ford of The Killer Inside Me. Thompson's complicated feelings toward his father were expressed in his writing; biographer Robert Polito noted that the books which expressly name and chronicle Thompson's father, Bad Boy and King Blood, were "respectful to the point of idolatry," whereas The Killer Inside Me and Pop. 1280 "roil with Oedipal anger" and ridicule him as a psychopathic killer. Early work Thompson began writing early, and he published a few short pieces while still in his mid-teens. He was intelligent and well-read, but had little interest in or inclination towards formal education. For about two years during prohibition in Fort Worth, Texas, Thompson worked long and often wild nights as a bellboy while attending school in the day. He worked at the Hotel Texas. One biographical profile reports that "Thompson quickly adapted to the needs of the hotel's guests, busily catering to tastes ranging from questionable morality to directly and undeniably illegal." Bootleg liquor was ubiquitous, and Thompson's brief trips to procure heroin and marijuana for hotel patrons were not uncommon. He was soon earning up to $300 per week more than his official $15 monthly wage. He smoked and drank heavily, and at 19, he suffered a nervous breakdown. In 1926, Thompson began working as an oilfield laborer. In the oil fields, he met Harry McClintock, a musician, as well as a member and organizer for Industrial Workers of the World, who recruited him into the union. With his father he began an independent oil drilling operation that was ultimately unsuccessful. Thompson returned to Fort Worth, intending to attend school and to write professionally. Thompson's autobiographical "Oil Field Vignettes" was published in 1929 (found in March 2010 by history recovery specialist Lee Roy Chapman). He began attending the University of Nebraska the same year as part of a program for gifted students with "untraditional educational backgrounds." By 1931, however, he dropped out of school. For several years, Thompson occasionally wrote short stories for various true crime magazines. Generally, he wrote about murder cases about which he had read in newspapers, but using a first person voice. In this era, he wrote other pieces for various newspapers and magazines, usually as a freelancer, but occasionally as a full-time staff writer. His 1936 "Ditch of Doom," published in Master Detective magazine, was selected by the Library of America in the early 21st century for inclusion in its two-century retrospective of American writing for true crime. In the early 1930s, Thompson worked as the head of the Oklahoma Federal Writers Project, one of several New Deal programs intended to provide work for Americans during the Great Depression. Louis L'Amour, among others, worked under Thompson's direction in this project. Thompson joined the Communist Party in 1935 but left the group by 1938. First novels In the early stages of World War II, Thompson worked at an aircraft factory. He was investigated by the FBI because of his early Communist Party affiliation. These events were fodder for his semi-autobiographical debut novel Now and on Earth (1942). It established his bleak, pessimistic tone, and it was positively reviewed but sold poorly. It featured little of the violence and crime that later permeated his writing. In his second novel Heed the Thunder (1946), Thompson centered it on crime. It explores a warped and violent Nebraska family, partly modeled on his own extended clan. Gaining little attention, Thompson gravitated to the less-prestigious but more lucrative crime fiction genre with Nothing More Than Murder. He afterwards moved to Lion Books, a small paperback publisher. Lion's Arnold Hano was his ideal editor, offering the writer essentially free rein about content, yet expecting him to be productive and reliable. Lion published most of Thompson's best-regarded works. To support his family while writing novels, Thompson took a job as a reporter with the Los Angeles Mirror, a tabloid newspaper owned by the Los Angeles Times, shortly after the Mirror was founded in 1948. He wrote for the Mirror until 1949. Fifties maturity and The Killer Inside Me In 1952, Thompson published The Killer Inside Me. The narrator, Lou Ford, is a small-town deputy sheriff who appears amiable, pleasant and slightly dull-minded. Ford is actually very intelligent and fighting a nearly-constant urge to act violently; Ford describes his urge as the sickness (always italicised). Lion Books tried to have The Killer Inside Me nominated for a National Book Award. It was eponymously adapted for the cinema in 1976 (by director Burt Kennedy, with Stacy Keach as Lou Ford) and again in 2010 (by director Michael Winterbottom, with Casey Affleck as Ford and co-starring Kate Hudson and Jessica Alba). After The Killer Inside Me was published, Thompson began producing novels at a furious pace. He published another novel in 1952, then five novels a year in 1953 and 1954. Savage Night, published in 1953, is generally ranked as one of his best novels. It is also one of his oddest literary offerings. Its narrator, Charlie "Little" Bigger (also known as Carl Bigelow), is a small, tubercular hitman whose mind is deteriorating with his body. In reviewing Savage Night, Boucher said it was "written with vigor and bite, but sheering off from realism into a peculiar surrealist ending of sheer Guignol horror. Odd that a mass-consumption paperback should contain the most experimental writing I've seen in a suspense novel of late". Savage Night contains an interlude—whether or not it is fantasy or dream, hallucination or flashback is unclear—when Bigger meets a poor, verbose writer who, much like Thompson, has a penchant for booze and makes a living writing pulp fiction to be sold alongside pornography. The writer also claims to operate a "farm" where he grows vaginas as a metaphor for the material he writes. Film work with Stanley Kubrick In 1955, Thompson moved to Hollywood, California, where Stanley Kubrick commissioned him to write the screenplay adaptation of Lionel White's novel Clean Break. This was filmed as The Killing, Kubrick's first studio-financed movie. Thompson wrote most of the script, but Kubrick credited himself as screenplay writer, giving Thompson only a "dialogue" writer credit. They collaborated again on Paths of Glory (with Calder Willingham) and in the criminal story titled Lunatic at Large that never materialized despite Thompson's having completed and submitted the screen treatment. Although pleased with the work, Kubrick was side-tracked by Spartacus; when Kubrick returned to Lunatic at Large, the sole copy of Thompson's manuscript had been lost. Kubrick was quoted by family and friends as regretting the lost opportunity. Although films would later be made based on Thompson's novels, The Killing and Paths of Glory would be the only produced films on which Thompson received on-screen writing credit for either dialogue or screenplay. Later novels, television work and novelizations After his film work, Thompson remained a resident of California for the rest of his life. From the mid-1950s through the late 1960s, Thompson continued to write fiction, although not at the same torrid pace of 1952 to 1954. During this era, Thompson usually completed one novel a year, but he gradually drifted away from writing his increasingly unpopular novels, abandoning the medium completely by the end of the 1960s. In 1967, he published South of Heaven, about a young migrant laborer working on an oil pipeline in Texas. With his novels providing scant income, Thompson turned to other forms of writing to pay the bills. Beginning in 1959, and continuing through the mid-1960s, Thompson also began writing television programs, including episodes of the action/adventure shows Mackenzie's Raiders (1959), Cain's Hundred (1961) and Convoy (1965). TV work seemingly dried up for Thompson after this point, so he turned to writing tie-in novels based on produced TV shows and screenplays: this work paid a flat fee, and could be completed quickly. Thompson's tie-ins include an original novel based on the television series Ironside (1967), as well as screenplay novelizations of the films The Undefeated (1969) and Nothing But a Man (1970). In the late 1960s, Thompson wrote his two final original books, King Blood and Child of Rage (its provisional title was White Mother, Black Son), neither of which were published until the early 1970s, the latter in the UK. Later life and death In 1970, Thompson was flown to Robert Redford's Utah residence. Redford hired him to write a motion picture script about the life of a hobo during the Great Depression. Thompson was paid $10,000 for his script Bo, though it never was produced. Motion picture writer/director Sam Fuller expressed an interest in adapting The Getaway for the screen, and Thompson's biographer Robert Polito, in the biography Savage Art, notes that Fuller so admired the novel that he quipped, half-seriously, that he could use the novel as a shooting script. Eventually, Sam Peckinpah was slated to direct The Getaway. In many regards, The Getaway was a frustrating repeat of his earlier experience collaborating with director Stanley Kubrick on the screenplay of the 1956 film The Killing. Thompson wrote a script, but Steve McQueen (who was cast in the movie's lead role of Doc McCoy) rejected it as too reliant on dialogue, with not enough action. Though Walter Hill was given the sole script credit, Thompson insisted that much of his script ended up in the film. Thompson sought Writers Guild arbitration but the Guild ultimately ruled against him. In the end, the film was heavily bowdlerized from Thompson's original vision and as Stephen King writes, "if you have seen only the film version of The Getaway, you have no idea of the existential horrors awaiting Doc and Carol McCoy at the point where Sam Peckinpah ended the story." Thompson actually appeared in the 1975 movie Farewell, My Lovely, starring Robert Mitchum. He played the character Judge Baxter Wilson Grayle. When Thompson's fortunes were fading, he made the acquaintance of writer Harlan Ellison who had long admired Thompson's books. Though Thompson still drank heavily (preferring to meet at the famed writer's haunt, the Musso & Frank Grill) and Ellison was a teetotaler (preferring fast food restaurants), they often met for meals and conversation. Though Thompson's books were falling out of print in the United States, the French had discovered his works. Though they were not runaway bestsellers in France, his books did sell well enough in that country to keep a trickle of royalties flowing towards Thompson. Incidentally, Polito also debunks the myth that Thompson was not paid well for his works: Thompson's pay, he notes, was roughly in line with what writers of similar works received during that era. Thompson died in Los Angeles, aged 70, after a series of strokes aggravated by his long-term alcoholism. He refused to eat for some time before his death, and this self-inflicted starvation contributed greatly to his demise. At the time of his death, none of his novels were in print in his home country. Thompson's papers from 1955-1958, including typescripts and original drafts of about a dozen novels, are archived at UCLA's Charles E. Young Research Library. Style Thompson's stories are about grifters, losers, sociopaths and psychopaths—some at the fringe of society, some at its heart—their nihilistic world-view being best-served by first-person narratives revealing a frighteningly deep understanding of the warped mind. There are few good guys in Thompson's literature: most of his characters are abusive or simply biding time until an opportunity presents itself, though many also have decent impulses. Despite some positive critical notice, only after his best years as a writer did Thompson achieve a measure of fame. Yet that neglect might stem from his style: the crime novels are fast-moving and compelling but sometimes sloppy and uneven. Thompson wrote quickly (many novels were written in a month); using his newspaper experience to write concise, evocative prose with little editing. Yet at his best his novels were among the most effectively and memorably written genre pieces. He also managed unusual and highly successful literary tricks: halfway through A Hell of a Woman, the first-person narrator Frank "Dolly" Dillon has a mental breakdown; the sides of his personality then take turns narrating the chapters, alternately violently psychotic (telling the sordid tale that happened) or sweet-natured and patient (telling the idealized fantasy that did not happen). In the final page of the original manuscript the two sides of Dillon's broken personality appear together as two columns of text. The publisher disliked that and instead alternated the two narrations in a long paragraph, alternating standard Roman type and italicized type. Thompson disliked the change, thinking it confusing and difficult for the reader. For most of his life Thompson drank heavily; the effects of alcoholism often featured in his works, most prominently in The Alcoholics (1953) which is set in a detoxification clinic. Donald E. Westlake, who adapted The Grifters for the screen, observed that alcoholism had a great role in Thompson's literature, but it tended to be tacit and subtle. Westlake described typical personal relationships in Thompson novels as pleasant in the morning, argumentative in the afternoon and abusive at night—behavior common to the alcoholic Thompson's style of life but which he elided from the stories. Films and adaptations Book adaptations Two of Thompson's books (The Getaway and The Killer Inside Me) were adapted as Hollywood motion pictures during his lifetime receiving relatively poor reviews. However, Polito argues that neither adaptation was ultimately true to Thompson's spirit. A second, more faithful adaptation of The Killer Inside Me was released in 2010, starring Casey Affleck and directed by Michael Winterbottom. French director Bertrand Tavernier adapted Pop. 1280 for his 1981 film Coup de Torchon, changing the setting from the American South to a French colony in West Africa of the 1930s. Aside from shift in setting, Polito argues that Coup de Torchon was remarkably faithful to the plot and the spirit of the novel, and -- along with the 1990 film The Grifters -- remains arguably the most authentic adaptation of any of Thompson's work. A Hell of a Woman was adapted in French as Série noire (1979) by Alain Corneau, with dialogue by French Oulipo writer Georges Pérec. This noir masterpiece set in the grim Paris outskirts features a 16-year-old Marie Trintignant's debut performance as well as what is generally agreed to be Patrick Dewaere's finest performance. Dewaere conveys a tragic dimension to his manic portrayal of a mediocre door-to-door salesman, at one point repeatedly bashing his head against a car in an effort to exorcise his angst and guilt. In the early 1990s, Hollywood resumed its interest in Thompson's writing and several of his novels were re-published. Three novels were adapted for new film treatments during that period: The Kill-Off; After Dark, My Sweet; and The Grifters, which garnered four Academy Award nominations. The Getaway was remade in 1994 with Alec Baldwin and Kim Basinger in the lead roles; the film retained the happy ending of the earlier film and received comparably poor reviews. In 1996, A Swell-Looking Babe was released as Hit Me, and 1997 saw the release of This World, Then the Fireworks from Thompson's short story of that name. The latter film starred Billy Zane and Gina Gershon as a pair of twisted siblings. Cultural references Thompson was a major influence on the songwriting style of Mark Sandman, the singer for Morphine and Treat Her Right; see Sandman songs like "Murder for the Money" and "A Good Woman Is Hard to Find". There is a reference to Thompson's book The Killer Inside Me in the song "Sri Lanka Sex Hotel" on the Dead Milkmen's Beelzebubba album, and in the song "Killer Inside Me" on MC 900 Ft. Jesus' album Welcome to My Dream. David Thomas, lead singer of Pere Ubu, says of the band's album Why I Hate Women: "the back story for this album was the Jim Thompson novel he never wrote." Songwriter, guitarist, and singer John Wesley Harding, in an introduction to his song "The Truth" during the WXRT-FM Twilight Concert at the World Music Theatre in Tinley Park, Ill., on Sep 12, 1992, said the song was for anyone who had seen the 1950 American film Sunset Boulevard or "read a Jim Thompson novel." Donald Westlake, who adapted The Grifters for film in 1990, satirized Thompson later that year in his own novel Drowned Hopes. This book features a character named Tom Jimson who is hard-boiled to the point of absurdity. In the 1997 film Cop Land, which takes place partly in (fictitious) Garrison, New Jersey, the "Welcome to Garrison" sign pictured 16 minutes into the film indicates that the population of the town is 1,280, as a possible reference to Thompson's novel Pop. 1280. Jim Thompson has been cited by Norwegian crime novelist Jo Nesbø as being a major influence on his style of writing, particularly because of the way in which he described the human mind and nature. Musician Mark E. Smith suggested Pop. 1280 as "one book every teenager should read". Major works Now and on Earth (1942) Heed the Thunder (aka Sins of the Fathers) (1946) Nothing More Than Murder (1949) The Killer Inside Me (1952) Cropper's Cabin (1952) Recoil (1953) The Alcoholics (1953) Savage Night (1953) Bad Boy (1953) The Criminal (1953) The Nothing Man (1954) The Golden Gizmo (1954) Roughneck (1954) A Swell-Looking Babe (1954) A Hell of a Woman (1954) After Dark, My Sweet (1955) The Kill-Off (1957) Wild Town (1957) The Getaway (1958) The Transgressors (1961) The Grifters (1963) Pop. 1280 (1964) Texas by the Tail (1965) South of Heaven (1967) Ironside (1967), original novel based on the TV series The Undefeated (1969), novelization of the screenplay by James Lee Barrett Nothing But a Man (1970), novelization of the screenplay by Michael Roemer and Robert M. Young Child of Rage (1972) King Blood (1973) The Rip-Off (1985) Fireworks: The Lost Writings of Jim Thompson (1988) Omnibus Jim Thompson Omnibus (1983) (republished in 1995) Jim Thompson Omnibus 2 (1985) (republished in 1997) References External links The Killer Beside Me Jim Thompson on Film: Survey of his works adapted into films. Cigarettes and Alcohol: The Extraordinary Life of Jim Thompson Jim Thompson's Oklahoma: The Darkest Guidebook Ever? encyc:Heed the Thunder 1906 births 1977 deaths American crime fiction writers Industrial Workers of the World members Members of the Communist Party USA Writers from Fort Worth, Texas People from Anadarko, Oklahoma Pulp fiction writers 20th-century American novelists American male novelists 20th-century American male writers Novelists from Oklahoma American short story writers American male short story writers 20th-century short story writers Novelists from Texas American Noir writers Federal Writers' Project people
There are at least six named mountains in Petroleum County, Montana. Dog Butte, , el. Dovetail Butte, , el. Duff Hill, , el. Rattlesnake Butte, , el. Three Buttes, , el. Tin Can Hill, , el. See also List of mountains in Montana List of mountain ranges in Montana Notes Landforms of Petroleum County, Montana Petroleum
Lytoceras is an ammonite genus that was extant during most of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, and is the type genus for the family Lytoceratidae. These cephalopods were fast-moving nektonic carnivores. Description Shells of Lytoceras are evolute, round or quadrate in section, covered with crinkled growth lines or riblets, and may have slight constrictions on internal molds. Some have fine striations, (parallel grooves running longitudinally along the flanks). Distribution Fossils of species within this genus have been found in the Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks all over the world, particularly in Western Europe, Morocco, Madagascar, South Africa and United States. References Systematic descriptions, Mesozoic Ammonoidea, by W.J Arkell, Bernhard Kummel, and C.W. Wright. 1957. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas press. Jurassic ammonites Cretaceous ammonites Ammonites of Europe Sinemurian genus first appearances Pliensbachian genera Toarcian genera Aalenian genera Bajocian genera Bathonian genera Callovian genera Oxfordian genera Kimmeridgian genera Tithonian genera Berriasian genera Valanginian genera Hauterivian genera Barremian genera Aptian genera Albian genera Cenomanian genus extinctions Ammonites of Asia Ammonitida genera Lytoceratidae
Microlophus atacamensis, the Atacamen Pacific iguana, is a species of lava lizard that is endemic to Chile. Behavioral and ecology Survival characteristics, such as thermoregulation and migration, are purely based on behavior for Microlophus atacamensis. Being an omnivorous creature, it has the choice to eat both plants and animals that inhabit northern Chile. Depending on the specific population of Microlophus atacamensis, it can reside in the most northern region of northern Chile and depend more on algae for its diet instead of Diptera (fruit flies), as they would in most of the southern region of northern Chile. They abundantly occupy a large coastal area, and can be easily sampled Thermoregulation levels also suggest behavioral patterns since M. atacamensis not only bask in the sun to retain heat, but they also change their body shape or orientate their body plane perpendicular to the sun. Hence proving that M. atacamensis can make behavioral adjustments to increase heating rates. References atacamensis Lizards of South America Reptiles of Chile Endemic fauna of Chile Reptiles described in 1960 Taxa named by Roberto Donoso-Barros
Zlatomir Obradov (25 January 1941 – 24 April 2013) was a Croatian footballer during the 1960s and later coach. He was a midfield player and, if necessary, played in the forwards. Playing career In his native village of Bašaid near Kikinda, he played for the local team, then in Kikinda for the Odred and after three years he moved on loan to FK Proleter Zrenjanin, where he was the best player and scorer. In 1966 he was moved to the Hajduk Split and played there for three years. Overall, for Hajduk he played 86 matches and scored 46 goals. Coaching career After a playing career as a one time involved with the coaching. In 1975, he was the coach of RNK Split, and later coached the NK Jadran Ploče. He died in Ploče. Honours and awards Hajduk Split Yugoslav Cup: Winner: 1966–67 References External links Preminuo Zlatomir Obradov at Hajduk Split's official website 1941 births 2013 deaths Sportspeople from Kikinda Footballers from North Banat District Men's association football midfielders Yugoslav men's footballers FK Proleter Zrenjanin players HNK Hajduk Split players Yugoslav First League players Yugoslav football managers RNK Split managers Croatian men's footballers Croats of Vojvodina Croatian football managers
Kahatchee, also known as Handytown, Achates, Cohatchie, or Keyhatchie, is an unincorporated community in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. History The community's name comes from the same name of an Upper Creek town which was located here. It also lends its name to nearby Kahatchee Creek and the Kahatchie Hills. In Creek, Kahatchie means "cane creek", in reference to the river cane which grows along waterways throughout Alabama. A post office called Handytown was established in 1873, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1874. A post office was then operated in the area under the name Achates from 1882 until it was closed in 1894. References Unincorporated communities in Talladega County, Alabama Unincorporated communities in Alabama Alabama placenames of Native American origin
Biomphalaria kuhniana is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. Shell description All species within the family Planorbidae have sinistral shells. Distribution Dominica. Phylogeny A cladogram showing the phylogenic relationships of species within the genus Biomphalaria: References Biomphalaria Gastropods described in 1883
Castalia is a village in Erie County, Ohio, United States. The population was 774 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Sandusky, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area. History By 1738 there was a Wyandot settlement at what is now Castalia under the leadership of Nicholas Orontony. Due to growing disputes with the French and closer trade relations with Pennsylvania-based merchants, the Wyandot burned their village and relocated to the mouth of the Cuyahoga River in what is today Cleveland in 1748. Castalia was laid out in 1836. The village was named after Castalia, a figure in Greek mythology. Geography Castalia is located in western Erie County at (41.399805, -82.807176). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 852 people, 352 households, and 239 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 378 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 97.1% White, 0.1% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population. There were 352 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.1% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the village was 40.5 years. 23.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 29.6% were from 45 to 64; and 13.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.1% male and 50.9% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 935 people, 359 households, and 266 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 380 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 97.11% White, 0.96% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.64% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.32% of the population. 96.8% spoke English and 3.1% Spanish. There were 359 households, out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.09. In the village, the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males. The median income for a household in the village was $41,319, and the median income for a family was $51,563. Males had a median income of $36,625 versus $24,783 for females. The per capita income for the village was $17,277. About 4.0% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Notable person Carrie Chase Davis (1863–1953), physician, suffragist References External links Castalia Area Historical Society Villages in Erie County, Ohio Villages in Ohio Populated places established in the 1730s French-American culture in Ohio
The Swedish Grand Prix was a round of the Formula One World Championship from 1973 to 1978. Swedish Grand Prix may also refer to: Swedish Winter Grand Prix, a former motor race held on the ice of frozen lakes Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix Speedway Grand Prix of Sweden
The seventh season of the French version of Dancing with the Stars started on 15 October 2016 on TF1. It was hosted by Sandrine Quétier and Laurent Ournac. Before the end of the sixth season, TF1 announced the renewal of the show for a seventh season in 2016. Participants Scoring Red numbers indicate the couples with the lowest score for each week. Blue numbers indicate the couples with the highest score for each week. indicates the couples eliminated that week. indicates the returning couple that finished in the bottom two. indicates the winning couple. indicates the runner-up couple. indicates the third place couple. Averages This table only counts dances scored on the traditional 40-point scale. Starting in week 4, both technical and artistic scores were tallied. Highest and lowest scoring performances The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' marks were as follows (starting in week 4, an average of the technical and artistic scores was used): Couples' highest and lowest scoring performances According to the traditional 40-point scale (starting in week 4, an average of the technical and artistic score was used): Styles, scores and songs Week 1 Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques. Running order Week 2 : Personal Story Week Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques. Running order Week 3 : Spectators Week Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques. Running order Week 4 : Double-score Showdown Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques. Running order Relay Cha Cha Cha Week 5 : Judges' Week Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Shy'm, Chris Marques. Running order Week 6 : Ladies' Night Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques. Running order Raised Dance Week 7 : Shameful Songs Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques Running order Week 8 : Dance Trio Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Genereux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques Running order Week 9 : Judges' Week Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Genereux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques Running order Week 10 Finals Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Fauve Hautot, Jean-Marc Généreux, Marie-Claude Pietragalla, Chris Marques Running order Musical guests Ratings References Season 07 2016 French television seasons
The 2020 Dresden knife attack occurred on 4 October 2020, when a man was killed and another injured during a knife attack in Dresden, Germany. After two weeks, the 20-year-old perpetrator was arrested, Abdullah al-H. H., a Syrian national who arrived in Germany in 2015 to seek asylum. He had been sentenced in November 2018 to two years and nine months for supporting a terrorist organization and planning an attack with contacts with a militant in Yemen and working on the construction of suicide belts. He had been released from prison in September 2020. Europol classified the attack as jihadist terrorism. Attack Two German men, a gay couple, who were visiting Dresden were stabbed with a knife by the suspect. One of the victims, a 55-year-old, died from his injuries, while the other, a 53-year-old, was critically injured but later recovered. The perpetrator fled the scene, and was arrested two weeks later, after his DNA traces were found on the knife, which was recovered near the scene of the attack. An Islamist background was confirmed to be behind the attack; Justice Minister Christine Lambrecht said that "Islamist terror is a major, enduring threat to our society that we have to tackle determinedly." Suspect The suspect is identified as 20-year-old Abdullah al-H. H., a Syrian national who arrived in Germany in 2015 to seek asylum. He was previously investigated for planning a terrorist attack, and reported to German authorities by a foreign intelligence service. He had contacts with a woman, a member of the Islamic State: the two were planning an attack in Germany with the help of other militants. After publishing several Islamic State-related symbols and flag on his personal Facebook profile in 2017, Abdullah al-H. H. was investigated as a dangerous radicalized Islamist, who can "carry out an attack at any moment". His home was checked by police, who seized his phone. Investigators discovered that he was planning to join the Islamic State, had contacts with a militant in Yemen and was working on the construction of suicide belts; al-H. H. was then taken into custody. His accomplices were also arrested, including the Islamic State woman who was identified as the leader of the cell, according to police. All of them were sentenced in November 2018 to two years and nine months for supporting a terrorist organization and planning an attack. Abdullah attacked prison guards during his time in jail. He was released in September 2020, even though he was still considered "radicalized and dangerous" and was forbidden to possess any sharp objects and firearms. Police were in charge of checking him with a technical surveillance device placed in front of his home. However, he was not checked at every moment. Two days before the attack, he bought a knife, which was the one used in the attack. Aftermath In the aftermath, it was debated in the Bundestag (Federal parliament of Germany) why the Syrian, whose asylum application had been rejected by authorities, had not been deported from the country. Questions were also asked on why the security agencies of Saxony had not monitored him sufficiently. References 2020 knife attack 2020 knife attack Discrimination against LGBT people in Germany Islamic terrorism in Germany Islamic terrorist incidents in 2020 October 2020 crimes in Europe October 2020 events in Germany Stabbing attacks in 2020 Deaths by stabbing in Germany Stabbing attacks in Germany Terrorist incidents in Germany in 2020 Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks Violence against LGBT people in Europe Refugees in Germany
Decommunization in Russia is the process of dealing with the communist legacies in terms of institutions and personnel that tends towards breaking with the Soviet past. Compared with the decommunization efforts of the other former constituents of the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union, it has been restricted to half-measures, if conducted at all. Notable anti-communist measures in the Russian Federation include the banning of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (and the creation of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation) as well as changing the names of some Russian cities back to what they were before the 1917 October Revolution (Leningrad to Saint Petersburg, Sverdlovsk to Yekaterinburg and Gorky to Nizhny Novgorod), though others were maintained, with Ulyanovsk (former Simbirsk), Tolyatti (former Stavropol) and Kirov (former Vyatka) being examples. Even though Leningrad and Sverdlovsk were renamed, regions that were named after them are still officially called Leningrad and Sverdlovsk oblasts. Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is gradually on the rise in Russia. Communist symbols continue to form an important part of the rhetoric used in state-controlled media, as banning on them in other countries is seen by the Russian foreign ministry as "sacrilege" and "a perverse idea of good and evil". The process of decommunization in Ukraine, a neighbouring post-Soviet state, was met with fierce criticism by Russia, who regularly dismisses Soviet war crimes. The State Anthem of the Russian Federation, adopted in 2000 (the same year Vladimir Putin began his first term as president of Russia), uses the exact same music as the State Anthem of the Soviet Union, but with new lyrics written by Sergey Mikhalkov. August 1991 attempted coup On 23 August 1991, two days after the failure of the August Coup, Russian President Boris Yeltsin suspended the existence of the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR, pending investigation of its role in the recent events. This decision was taken over the objections of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, who insisted that the Party as a whole was not to blame. The Communist Party Regional committees (obkom) in the Russian SFSR were closed, and the building of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the Old Square in Moscow was sealed. The following day, on 24 August 1991, Gorbachev dissolved the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and resigned as its Secretary General while remaining President of the Soviet Union. On 25 August, Yeltsin issued another decree nationalizing the property of the Communist Party, including its archives and bank accounts, and transferring their control to the RSFSR Council of Ministers. Within a few weeks after the coup, the Soviet Union peacefully broke up. On 6 November 1991, Yeltsin banned the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), which had exercised pervasive control over Russian society for years. The breakup of the Soviet Union was acknowledged in the Belavezha Accords of 8 December, ratified by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR on 12 December. On 26 December 1991, the dissolution of the Soviet Union was declared. Its largest constituent republic, the Russian SFSR, was renamed the Russian Federation. It was formally established on 1 January 1992 and became the legal successor state of the Soviet Union. Coup investigation, 1991–1992 The Parliamentary Commission for Investigating Causes and Reasons of the coup attempt was established in 1991 under Lev Ponomaryov (including also Gleb Yakunin), but in 1992 it was dissolved at Ruslan Khasbulatov's insistence. Having gained access to secret KGB archives as a member of the committee, in March 1992, Gleb Yakunin published materials about co-operation of the Moscow Patriarchate with KGB. He claimed that Patriarch Alexius II, Mitropolit Filaret of Kiev, Pitrim of Volokolamsk, and others were recruited by the KGB. A large part of the archives of the Communist Party (preserved now in state archives such as Archive of the President of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History and State Archive of the Russian Federation), including almost all documents of its Central Committee, remains classified. For a 1993 view on the problem, see Khubova, Dar'ia & Vitaly Chernetsky (1993). For an example of documents surreptitiously copied in those archives by Vladimir Bukovsky in 1992, see the Bukovsky Archives: Communism on Trial, 1937–1994 compiled and put online by the late Julia Zaks in 1999. In 1992, several People's Deputies sued Yeltsin, demanding that his 1991 decrees concerning the Communist Party be declared acts that violated the principles of the contemporary Constitution. On 30 November 1992, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation partially reviewed the decrees and lifted the ban against the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR. Communist Party re-established The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was established in February 1993. A number of smaller communist parties claimed to be successors of the CPSU as well. Unlike many other countries of the former Soviet bloc, in Russia lustration of senior Communist Party and KGB officials was staunchly resisted and has never been implemented there. Many with such a background have remained in power; most present-day Russian politicians began their careers in the Soviet period. A draft law on lustration was first put before the Russian parliament, then the RSFSR Supreme Soviet, in December 1992 by Galina Starovoytova. Neither at that time nor later have such proposals been successfully introduced. Those arrested for their part in the August Coup were released from prison in 1992. The charges against them were lifted on 23 February 1994 under an amnesty issued by the State Duma, which also covered those involved in the October 1993 events. Vasily Starodubtsev served as Governor of the Tula Region from 1997 to 2005; Gorbachev's former deputy Anatoly Lukyanov was elected to the State Duma in 1993–2003 as a deputy of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation; the unrepentant Stalinist Valentin Varennikov (1923–2009) was a Duma deputy first for the RF Communist Party, from 1995 to 2003 and then for Rodina. Both Lukyanov and Varennikov headed parliamentary committees. Coming to terms with the Soviet past Conscious attempts in Russian society to deal with the Soviet past have been uncertain. Organisations such as the Memorial Society have worked on numerous projects involving witnesses to past events (Gulag inmates, Soviet rights activists) and younger generations, including schoolchildren. The organization was officially banned in Russia in 2022. On 30 October 2017, Putin attempted to draw a line under the past when he unveiled the massive but controversial Wall of Grief monument in Moscow. See also Decommunization in Ukraine Lustration in Poland References and notes Further reading (in chronological order) Shevtsova, Lilia (1995), "The Two Sides of the New Russia", Journal of Democracy 6 (3), 56–71. Bukovsky, Vladimir (1998), Judgement Day, Washington, D.C.: Regnery pub. Debra W. Stewart, Norman A. Sprinthall, Jackie D. Kem (2002), "Moral Reasoning in the Context of Reform: A Study of Russian Officials", Public Administration Review 62 (3), 282–297. Albats, Yevgenia (2004), "Bureaucrats and the Russian transition: The politics of accommodation, 1991–2003". PhD Dissertation, Harvard University. Nelson, Susan H. (2006), "The Bureaucratic Politics of Democracy Promotion: The Russian Democratization Project". PhD Dissertation, University of Maryland. Satter, David (2011), It was a long time ago, and anyway it never happened: Russia and the Communist Past, Yale University Press. External links Communism: A Love Affair?: Russians Nostalgic for Soviet Social Services by The Global Post Politics of Russia History of Russia (1991–present) Decommunization Dissolution of the Soviet Union Anti-communism in Russia
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application, system, or business by applying object-oriented programming, as well as using visual modeling throughout the software development process to guide stakeholder communication and product quality. OOAD in modern software engineering is typically conducted in an iterative and incremental way. The outputs of OOAD activities are analysis models (for OOA) and design models (for OOD) respectively. The intention is for these to be continuously refined and evolved, driven by key factors like risks and business value. History In the early days of object-oriented technology before the mid-1990s, there were many different competing methodologies for software development and object-oriented modeling, often tied to specific Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool vendors. No standard notations, consistent terms and process guides were the major concerns at the time, which degraded communication efficiency and lengthened learning curves. Some of the well-known early object-oriented methodologies were from and inspired by gurus such as Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson (the Three Amigos), Robert Martin, Peter Coad, Sally Shlaer, Stephen Mellor, and Rebecca Wirfs-Brock. In 1994, the Three Amigos of Rational Software started working together to develop the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Later, together with Philippe Kruchten and Walker Royce (eldest son of Winston Royce), they have led a successful mission to merge their own methodologies, OMT, OOSE and Booch method, with various insights and experiences from other industry leaders into the Rational Unified Process (RUP), a comprehensive iterative and incremental process guide and framework for learning industry best practices of software development and project management. Since then, the Unified Process family has become probably the most popular methodology and reference model for object-oriented analysis and design. Overview The software life cycle is typically divided up into stages going from abstract descriptions of the problem to designs then to code and testing and finally to deployment. The earliest stages of this process are analysis and design. The analysis phase is also often called "requirements acquisition". In some approaches to software development—known collectively as waterfall models—the boundaries between each stage are meant to be fairly rigid and sequential. The term "waterfall" was coined for such methodologies to signify that progress went sequentially in one direction only, i.e., once analysis was complete then and only then was design begun and it was rare (and considered a source of error) when a design issue required a change in the analysis model or when a coding issue required a change in design. The alternative to waterfall models are iterative models. This distinction was popularized by Barry Boehm in a very influential paper on his Spiral Model for iterative software development. With iterative models it is possible to do work in various stages of the model in parallel. So for example it is possible—and not seen as a source of error—to work on analysis, design, and even code all on the same day and to have issues from one stage impact issues from another. The emphasis on iterative models is that software development is a knowledge-intensive process and that things like analysis can't really be completely understood without understanding design issues, that coding issues can affect design, that testing can yield information about how the code or even the design should be modified, etc. Although it is possible to do object-oriented development using a waterfall model, in practice most object-oriented systems are developed with an iterative approach. As a result, in object-oriented processes "analysis and design" are often considered at the same time. The object-oriented paradigm emphasizes modularity and re-usability. The goal of an object-oriented approach is to satisfy the "openclosed principle". A module is open if it supports extension, or if the module provides standardized ways to add new behaviors or describe new states. In the object-oriented paradigm this is often accomplished by creating a new subclass of an existing class. A module is closed if it has a well defined stable interface that all other modules must use and that limits the interaction and potential errors that can be introduced into one module by changes in another. In the object-oriented paradigm this is accomplished by defining methods that invoke services on objects. Methods can be either public or private, i.e., certain behaviors that are unique to the object are not exposed to other objects. This reduces a source of many common errors in computer programming. The software life cycle is typically divided up into stages going from abstract descriptions of the problem to designs then to code and testing and finally to deployment. The earliest stages of this process are analysis and design. The distinction between analysis and design is often described as "what vs. how". In analysis developers work with users and domain experts to define what the system is supposed to do. Implementation details are supposed to be mostly or totally (depending on the particular method) ignored at this phase. The goal of the analysis phase is to create a functional model of the system regardless of constraints such as appropriate technology. In object-oriented analysis this is typically done via use cases and abstract definitions of the most important objects. The subsequent design phase refines the analysis model and makes the needed technology and other implementation choices. In object-oriented design the emphasis is on describing the various objects, their data, behavior, and interactions. The design model should have all the details required so that programmers can implement the design in code. Object-oriented analysis The purpose of any analysis activity in the software life-cycle is to create a model of the system's functional requirements that is independent of implementation constraints. The main difference between object-oriented analysis and other forms of analysis is that by the object-oriented approach we organize requirements around objects, which integrate both behaviors (processes) and states (data) modeled after real world objects that the system interacts with. In other or traditional analysis methodologies, the two aspects: processes and data are considered separately. For example, data may be modeled by ER diagrams, and behaviors by flow charts or structure charts. Common models used in OOA are use cases and object models. Use cases describe scenarios for standard domain functions that the system must accomplish. Object models describe the names, class relations (e.g. Circle is a subclass of Shape), operations, and properties of the main objects. User-interface mockups or prototypes can also be created to help understanding. Object-oriented design During object-oriented design (OOD), a developer applies implementation constraints to the conceptual model produced in object-oriented analysis. Such constraints could include the hardware and software platforms, the performance requirements, persistent storage and transaction, usability of the system, and limitations imposed by budgets and time. Concepts in the analysis model which is technology independent, are mapped onto implementing classes and interfaces resulting in a model of the solution domain, i.e., a detailed description of how the system is to be built on concrete technologies. Important topics during OOD also include the design of software architectures by applying architectural patterns and design patterns with the object-oriented design principles. Object-oriented modeling Object-oriented modeling (OOM) is a common approach to modeling applications, systems, and business domains by using the object-oriented paradigm throughout the entire development life cycles. OOM is a main technique heavily used by both OOD and OOA activities in modern software engineering. Object-oriented modeling typically divides into two aspects of work: the modeling of dynamic behaviors like business processes and use cases, and the modeling of static structures like classes and components. OOA and OOD are the two distinct abstract levels (i.e. the analysis level and the design level) during OOM. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) and SysML are the two popular international standard languages used for object-oriented modeling. The benefits of OOM are: Efficient and effective communication Users typically have difficulties in understanding comprehensive documents and programming language codes well. Visual model diagrams can be more understandable and can allow users and stakeholders to give developers feedback on the appropriate requirements and structure of the system. A key goal of the object-oriented approach is to decrease the "semantic gap" between the system and the real world, and to have the system be constructed using terminology that is almost the same as the stakeholders use in everyday business. Object-oriented modeling is an essential tool to facilitate this. Useful and stable abstraction Modeling helps coding. A goal of most modern software methodologies is to first address "what" questions and then address "how" questions, i.e. first determine the functionality the system is to provide without consideration of implementation constraints, and then consider how to make specific solutions to these abstract requirements, and refine them into detailed designs and codes by constraints such as technology and budget. Object-oriented modeling enables this by producing abstract and accessible descriptions of both system requirements and designs, i.e. models that define their essential structures and behaviors like processes and objects, which are important and valuable development assets with higher abstraction levels above concrete and complex source code. See also ATLAS Transformation Language (ATL) Class-Responsibility-Collaboration card (CRC cards) Domain Specific Language (DSL) Domain-driven design Domain-specific modelling (DSM) Meta-Object Facility (MOF) Metamodeling Model-driven engineering (MDE) Model-based testing (MBT) Object modeling language Object-oriented modeling Object-oriented programming Object-oriented user interface QVT Shlaer-Mellor Software analysis pattern Story-driven modeling Unified Modeling Language (UML) XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) References Further reading Grady Booch. "Object-oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 3rd edition":http://www.informit.com/store/product.aspx?isbn=020189551X Addison-Wesley 2007. Rebecca Wirfs-Brock, Brian Wilkerson, Lauren Wiener. Designing Object Oriented Software. Prentice Hall, 1990. [A down-to-earth introduction to the object-oriented programming and design.] A Theory of Object-Oriented Design: The building-blocks of OOD and notations for representing them (with focus on design patterns.) Martin Fowler. Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models. Addison-Wesley, 1997. [An introduction to object-oriented analysis with conceptual models] Bertrand Meyer. Object-oriented software construction. Prentice Hall, 1997 Craig Larman. Applying UML and Patterns – Introduction to OOA/D & Iterative Development. Prentice Hall PTR, 3rd ed. 2005.,mnnm,n,nnn Setrag Khoshafian. Object Orientation. Ulrich Norbisrath, Albert Zündorf, Ruben Jubeh. Story Driven Modeling. Amazon Createspace. p. 333., 2013. . External links Article Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with UML and RUP an overview (also about CRC cards). Applying UML – Object Oriented Analysis & Design tutorial OOAD & UML Resource website and Forums – Object Oriented Analysis & Design with UML. Software Requirement Analysis using UML article by Dhiraj Shetty. Article Object-Oriented Analysis in the Real World Object-oriented programming Software design
The Dolfijn-class submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy are a class of four submarines; Dolfijn, Zeehond, Potvis and Tonijn. They were built in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. They were the first indigenous submarines built in the Netherlands and for the Royal Netherlands Navy after World War II. In the Netherlands they are also known as "three cylinder" submarines. History The Second World War had a big impact on the Royal Netherlands Navy and especially on the Royal Netherlands Navy Submarine Service. Many submarines were lost during the war and only eight were left of the twenty submarines that the Dutch submarine service had at the beginning of the war. In addition, these remaining submarines were either in bad condition due to extensive use or they were simply outdated. To boost its submarine fleet the Royal Netherlands Navy managed to acquire several surplus submarines from Great Britain and the United States, however, this was only a temporary solution to the problems and more needed to be done to secure strengthen the Royal Netherlands Navy Submarine Service. To this end, the Submarine Service spent the first years after the Second World War making plans and designs to rebuild the Dutch submarine fleet. This was hard because the last indigenous design was made sometime before the Second World War started and in the meanwhile there had been many developments, so there was a lot of catch up to do for the Dutch navy. A result of this was that during the designing phase for the new submarines the requirements constantly changed to fit in new research, developments and innovations. Meanwhile, there were conflicting ideas over the new submarines design with engineer De Munter making a case for a submarine with a single pressure hull and Max F. Gunning wanting to push through a Three-Cylinder design which consisted of three separate pressure hulls. Nonetheless, both designs were a massive leap forward in comparison to the submarines in service at the time with the Royal Netherlands Navy and those that were earlier in Dutch service. However, eventually the Three-Cylinder design of Max F. Gunning was chosen for the new boats, mainly because the design made it possible for submarines to be able to dive 200 meters deep and stay under water much longer than other Dutch designs. After the design was finalised at the end of the 1940s it was decided not to immediately build the four submarines. The reason for this was that the Dutch government could not afford to pay for the construction at the time. The Politionele acties in Indonesia had cost the government a lot of money and at the same time the price of maintaining the old and outdated submarine fleet was high. The submarine was re-designed to lower the price and was put to tender in August 1950. Eventually the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij managed to get the order to build four submarines for 12 million guilders each with an option for another four submarines. The construction of the boats started in 1954, however, it took till 1960 for the first submarine, , to be commissioned. During the construction of the Dolfijn class the Dutch government had approached the United States to ask if they could lend two more submarines since the construction of the new submarines took longer than expected and the replacement of several old Dutch submarines could wait no longer. The old submarines the Royal Netherlands Navy were operating were expected to be decommissioned in 1954 and their performance was already severely lacking at the end of the 1940s. The United States gave their consent and lent USS Icefish and Hawkbill of the , which were renamed and commissioned as HNLMS Walrus and Zeeleeuw during their stay with the Royal Netherlands Navy. These two submarines were of the so-called GUPPY design (Greater Underwater Propulsion Power) and a big update in comparison to the old submarines of the Dutch navy. Around the same time the Dutch government also decided to put the construction of the last two submarines of Dolfijn-class submarines on hold, since it wanted to research and focus on submarines based on nuclear propulsion. They decided this after seeing the performance of the nuclear submarines of the United States and the plans of the Soviet Union, Great Britain and France to construct nuclear submarines. This meant that in 1961 there were only two of the planned four Dolfijn-class submarines in active service, HNLMS Dolfijn and in December 1961 the commissioned . After the Dutch government deemed nuclear propulsion not feasible for the two Dolfijn-class submarines that were put on hold, it was decided to build them with diesel-electric propulsion and they were commissioned respectively in November 1965 and February 1966 as and . Since these two submarines were built later than the previous two some have started calling them Potvis-class submarines rather than Dolfijn-class submarines. Design The four diesel-electric submarines of the Dolfijn class and the Potvis class form the so-called Three-Cylinders; These four boats are virtually identical and the four boats are considered one and the same class consisting of two batches. The name is based on their unusual design, instead of one or two pressure hulls the submarines of the Dolfijn class consists of three separate pressure hulls (cylinders) arranged in a triangle and enclosed in an external steel casing which separates the inside of the submarine into three parts. This design had advantages, as well as disadvantages. The main advantages are that it allows submarines to dive deeper and have better stability than other boats, among other things. The disadvantage, however, is that it means that the submarine has more machinery and thus more crew to maintain and control those machinery. The upper hull was meant for the living and working part of the crew and the lower two hulls were for the engines, batteries and storage rooms. This allowed the submarine to dive much deeper than other submarines from the late 1950s, with a test depth of . The designer was Max F. Gunning, who came upon this idea when he thought of a way to make sure Malta was properly provisioned during the Second World War. The Royal Netherlands Navy considered using nuclear propulsion for the second batch of Dolfijn-class submarines (so-called Potvis class) and therefore postponed in the late 1950s their construction to study the feasibility of building nuclear powered submarines, but in the end it was decided not to use nuclear propulsion for the Potvis-class submarines. This meant that both Potvis-class submarines were built with diesel-electric propulsion like her earlier sister ships. Zeehond was converted into a trials ship by Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij shipyard in Rotterdam in 1990 and used as a technology demonstrator for a closed cycle diesel air-independent propulsion system until 1994. Tasks The Dolfijn-class submarines had several tasks in case of wartime, these were: Attacking enemy surface vessels, submarines and merchant ships Laying mines Gather intelligence Pick up and drop off agents in enemy territory Save pilots of aircraft's during air attacks on enemy territory Being an advanced radar station for the Dutch fleet Defending Dutch ships against submarines Ships in class References Bibliography Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 Specifications and histories Illustrated information on Tonijn External links Militaire Spectator Articles 1832-2005 Documentary 30 Years HNLMS Zeehond (In Dutch) Submarine classes
The Hole Story () is a 2011 documentary film and web documentary directed by Richard Desjardins and about mining in Canada and its impact on the environment and workers' health. The film focuses primarily on the mining communities of the Northeastern Ontario and Abitibi-Témiscamingue regions, including Sudbury, Timmins, Cobalt, Rouyn-Noranda, Val-d'Or and Malartic. The film includes interviews with figures such as federal Member of Parliament Charlie Angus, former Ontario MPP Elie Martel, former Sudbury mayor John Rodriguez, Rouyn-Noranda mayor Mario Provencher and former Val-d'Or mayor and Quebec MNA André Pelletier. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada, the film had its world premiere in October 2011 at the Abitibi-Témiscamingue International Film Festival, before opening in Quebec theatres. References External links The Hole Story Interactive, web documentary Interview with Richard Desjardins, Morning North, CBCS-FM 2011 films 2011 documentary films Quebec films National Film Board of Canada documentaries Documentary films about mining Mining in Canada National Film Board of Canada web documentaries Canadian environmental websites Films shot in Greater Sudbury Films shot in Quebec French-language Canadian films 2010s Canadian films
Punsalan is a surname. Notable people with this surname include: Elizabeth Punsalan (born 1971), American former competitive ice dancer Simeona Punsalan-Tapang (1922–2015), Filipina war veteran Vyanla Punsalan (born 2004), New Zealand chess player
```java package com.ctrip.xpipe.redis.proxy.ssl; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup; import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup; import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler; import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future; import io.netty.util.concurrent.GenericFutureListener; import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor; import java.net.InetAddress; /** * @author chen.zhu * <p> * May 08, 2018 */ public class SecureChatServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> { static final ChannelGroup channels = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); @Override public void channelActive(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx) { // Once session is secured, send a greeting and register the channel to the global channel // list so the channel received the messages from others. ctx.pipeline().get(SslHandler.class).handshakeFuture().addListener( new GenericFutureListener<Future<Channel>>() { @Override public void operationComplete(Future<Channel> future) throws Exception { ctx.writeAndFlush( "Welcome to " + InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName() + " secure chat service!\n"); ctx.writeAndFlush( "Your session is protected by " + ctx.pipeline().get(SslHandler.class).engine().getSession().getCipherSuite() + " cipher suite.\n"); channels.add(ctx.channel()); } }); } @Override public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception { // Send the received message to all channels but the current one. // for (Channel c: channels) { // if (c != ctx.channel()) { // c.writeAndFlush("[" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + "] " + msg + '\n'); // } else { // c.writeAndFlush("[you] " + msg + '\n'); // } // } // // // Close the connection if the client has sent 'bye'. // if ("bye".equals(msg.toLowerCase())) { // ctx.close(); // } System.out.println(msg); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) { cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); } } ```
An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin (originally from the Latin , a Latinization of Greek (), meaning "circular", "in a circle", or "all-round", also part of the origin of the word encyclopedia). The term has been used by Catholics, Anglicans and the Eastern Orthodox Church. Catholic usage Although the term "encyclical" originally simply meant a circulating letter, it acquired a more specific meaning within the context of the Catholic Church. In 1740, Pope Benedict XIV wrote a letter titled Ubi primum, which is generally regarded as the first encyclical. The term is now used almost exclusively for a kind of letter sent out by the pope. For the modern Roman Catholic Church, a papal encyclical is a specific category of papal document, a kind of pastoral letter concerning Catholic doctrine, sent by the pope and usually addressed especially to patriarchs, primates, archbishops and bishops who are in communion with the Holy See. The form of the address can vary widely and may concern bishops in a particular area, or designate a wider audience. Papal encyclicals usually take the form of a papal brief because of their more personal nature as opposed to the formal papal bull. They are usually written in Latin, and like most papal documents the title of the encyclical is usually taken from its first few words (its incipit). Papal use In the encyclical Humani generis, Pope Pius XII held that papal encyclicals, even when they are of ordinary magisterium, can nonetheless be sufficiently authoritative to end theological debate on a particular question: On social issues, Pope Leo XIII promulgated the encyclical Rerum novarum (1891), which was followed by Quadragesimo anno (1931) of Pius XI and Centesimus annus (1991) of John Paul II. Pope Pius XII issued ten encyclicals, mostly after 1945, three of them protesting against the Soviet invasion of Hungary which suppressed the Hungarian Revolution in 1956: Datis nuperrime, Sertum laetitiae and Luctuosissimi eventus. Pope Paul VI published an encyclical Humanae vitae on the topic of birth control. Anglican usage Amongst Anglicans the term encyclical was revived in the late 19th century. It is applied to circular letters issued by the English primates. Important Eastern Orthodox encyclicals Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs (1848) Patriarchal encyclical of 1895 Patriarchal encyclical of 1920 Patriarchal encyclical of 2012 See also Apostolic letter (disambiguation) References Sources The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd. ed.), p. 545. External links List of papal documents at the Theology Library Papal Encyclicals at GCatholic www.papalencyclicals.net, texts of most of the encyclicals from recent centuries Christian literary genres
Mageba (stylised as mageba) is a civil engineering service provider and manufacturer of bridge bearings, expansion joints, seismic protection and structural monitoring devices for the construction industry. The company is headquartered in Bulach, Switzerland, and operates through offices in Europe, Americas and Asia Pacific. In all, mageba has official representations in over 40 countries. History mageba was founded in 1963 in Bulach, Switzerland. By 1969 the company was designing and manufacturing a variety of bridge bearings and expansion joints, and had heavy duty testing facilities in operation. In 2004 the company merged with Proceq. The resulting company continued to design and manufacture bridge bearings and expansion joints. In April 2011, mageba USA LLC was founded with offices in New York and San Jose. By then mageba had production facilities in Fussach (Austria), Shanghai (China), and offices in Uslar and Stuttgart (Germany) and Cugy (Switzerland). By 2012, the company had four facilities in India, and was also operating in Russia, South Korea, and Turkey. mageba has supplied bearings and expansion joints to more than 10,000 bridges around the world, including the Audubon Bridge in Louisiana USA, Incheon Bridge in South Korea the Golden Ears Bridge in British Columbia, Canada(2009), the Bandra Worli Sea link in India, the Øresund Bridge which has linked Denmark and Sweden since 2000, and the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong. mageba also installs and services bridge components. A recent focus of activities of the firm has been the provision of structure surveillance services, including installation and remote monitoring of sensors, inspections and testing. References & Publications External links https://www.mageba-group.com/global/ Mageba International Website https://www.mageba-group.com/us/ Mageba USA Website https://www.youtube.com/magebagroup Mageba's YouTube channel http://en.structurae.de/products/data/index.cfm?id=21 Structurae page Civil engineering organizations Manufacturing companies of Switzerland
The 2021 National Hurling League was the 90th season of the National Hurling League for county teams. The English county teams (London, Warwickshire and Lancashire) did not compete due to the COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions. In February 2021 it was announced that the league would be delayed due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games and that cancelling it would be a last resort. The league began on 8 May 2021. Eir Sport and RTÉ provided live TV coverage of the league on Saturday nights. TG4 broadcast Sunday afternoon games. The highlights programmes were RTÉ2's League Sunday on Sunday evenings, and TG4's GAA 2021 on Monday evenings. and were the joint winners. Format League structure Thirty-two teams competed in the 2021 National Hurling League – twelve teams organised in two six-team groups of approximately equal strength in Division 1 six teams in Division 2A five teams in Divisions 2B and 3A four teams in Division 3B. All thirty-two county teams from Ireland took part. London, Lancashire and Warwickshire did not take part; they retained their division placings (2B, 3A and 3B respectively) for the 2022 National Hurling League. Each team plays all the other teams in their division once, either home or away. Two points are awarded for a win, and one for a draw. Tie-breaker If only two teams are level on league points, the team that won the head-to-head match is ranked ahead. If this game was a draw, score difference (total scored minus total conceded in all games) is used to rank the teams. If three or more teams are level on league points, score difference is used to rank the teams. Final, promotions and relegations Division 1 There is no final; there will either be joint winners, or if the teams that win Divisions 1A and 1B meet in the 2021 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, this will double as the NHL final. The bottom team in each group meet in a relegation play-off, with the losers being relegated to Division 2A Divisions 2A, 2B and 3A The first-placed team is the division champion and is promoted The bottom team is relegated Division 3B The first-placed team is the Division 3B champion and is promoted to Division 3A Division 1 Division 1 Format The top twelve teams compete in Division 1 in two six-team groups of approximately equal strength. This group structure was introduced in 2020. Each team play all the other teams in their group once. Two points are awarded for a win and one for a draw. The top team in each group will be deemed "Co-champion", unless they are drawn together in the 2021 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, in which case the match will double up as the league final. Division 1 Group A Table Division 1 Group A Rounds 1 to 5 Division 1 Group A Round 1 Division 1 Group A Round 2 Division 1 Group A Round 3 Division 1 Group A Round 4 Division 1 Group A Round 5 Division 1 Group B Table Division 1 Group B Rounds 1 to 5 Division 1 Group B Round 1 Division 1 Group B Round 2 Division 1 Group B Round 3 Division 1 Group B Round 4 Division 1 Group B Round 5 Division 1 Final If the two teams that won Divisions 1A and 1B (Galway and Kilkenny respectively) had met in the 2021 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, this would have doubled as the league final. This did not happen so both teams were declared as joint winners. Division 1 relegation play-off The bottom teams in the two Division 1 groups met in a play-off with the losers (Westmeath) relegated to Division 2A. Division 1 scoring statistics Top scorers overall Top scorers in a single game Division 2A Division 2A Table Division 2A Rounds 1 to 5 Division 2A Round 1 Division 2A Round 2 Division 2A Round 3 Division 2A Round 4 Division 2A Round 5 Division 2A scoring statistics Top scorers overall Top scorers in a single game Division 2B Division 2B Table Division 2B Rounds 1 to 5 Division 2B Round 1 Division 2B Round 2 Division 2B Round 3 Division 2B Round 4 Division 2B Round 5 Division 2B scoring statistics Top scorers overall Top scorers in a single game Division 3A Division 3A Table Division 3A Rounds 1 to 5 Division 3A Round 1 Division 3A Round 2 Division 3A Round 3 Division 3A Round 4 Division 3A Round 5 Division 3B Division 3B Table Division 3B Rounds 1 to 3 Division 3B Round 1 Division 3B Round 2 Division 3B Round 3 References External links Full Fixtures and Results National League National Hurling League seasons
The 4th Circuit de Cadours was a Formula Two motor race held on 14 September 1952 at the Circuit de Cadours, in Cadours, Tarn-et-Garonne, France. The race, consisting of 2x15 lap heats and a 30 lap final, was won by Louis Rosier in a Ferrari 500. Harry Schell finished second in a Gordini Type 16, and set fastest lap, and Emmanuel de Graffenried was third in a Maserati 4CLT/48. Classification Race References Cadours Cadours
Łuniewo Wielkie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Klukowo, within Wysokie Mazowieckie County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south of Wysokie Mazowieckie and south-west of the regional capital Białystok. References Villages in Wysokie Mazowieckie County
Chloroclystis rhodopis is a moth in the family Geometridae. It was described by Prout in 1958. It is found in New Guinea. References External links Moths described in 1958 rhodopis
William Oscar Owens (September 7, 1893 – April 30, 1960), nicknamed "Cannon Ball", was an American Negro league pitcher between 1921 and 1931. A native of Reidsville, North Carolina, Owens made his Negro leagues debut with the Homestead Grays in 1921. He played 10 seasons with the Grays, and also played for the Pittsburgh Keystones in 1922. Owens died in Washington, D.C., in 1960 at age 66. References External links and Baseball-Reference Black Baseball stats and Seamheads 1893 births 1960 deaths Homestead Grays players Pittsburgh Keystones players 20th-century African-American sportspeople Baseball pitchers
```javascript import { catchAll as catchAll1 } from "fixtures/catch-all1"; import { catchAll as catchAll2 } from "fixtures/catch-all2"; console.log(catchAll1, catchAll2); ```
```php <?php /** * Tests for block rendering functions. * * @package WordPress * @subpackage Blocks * @since 5.0.0 * * @group blocks / class Tests_Blocks_Render extends WP_UnitTestCase { /* * The location of the fixtures to test with. * * @since 5.0.0 * @var string / protected static $fixtures_dir; /* * Test block instance number. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @var int / protected $test_block_instance_number = 0; /* * Tear down after each test. * * @since 5.0.0 / public function tear_down() { $this->test_block_instance_number = 0; $registry = WP_Block_Type_Registry::get_instance(); if ( $registry->is_registered( 'core/test' ) ) { $registry->unregister( 'core/test' ); } if ( $registry->is_registered( 'core/dynamic' ) ) { $registry->unregister( 'core/dynamic' ); } if ( $registry->is_registered( 'tests/notice' ) ) { $registry->unregister( 'tests/notice' ); } parent::tear_down(); } /* * @ticket 45109 / public function test_do_blocks_removes_comments() { $original_html = file_get_contents( DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/do-blocks-original.html' ); $expected_html = file_get_contents( DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/do-blocks-expected.html' ); $actual_html = do_blocks( $original_html ); $this->assertSameIgnoreEOL( $expected_html, $actual_html ); } /* * @ticket 45109 / public function test_the_content() { add_shortcode( 'someshortcode', array( $this, 'handle_shortcode' ) ); $classic_content = "Foo\n\n[someshortcode]\n\nBar\n\n[/someshortcode]\n\nBaz"; $block_content = "<!-- wp:core/paragraph -->\n<p>Foo</p>\n<!-- /wp:core/paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:core/shortcode -->[someshortcode]\n\nBar\n\n[/someshortcode]<!-- /wp:core/shortcode -->\n\n<!-- wp:core/paragraph -->\n<p>Baz</p>\n<!-- /wp:core/paragraph -->"; $classic_filtered_content = apply_filters( 'the_content', $classic_content ); $block_filtered_content = apply_filters( 'the_content', $block_content ); // Block rendering add some extra blank lines, but we're not worried about them. $block_filtered_content = preg_replace( "/\n{2,}/", "\n", $block_filtered_content ); remove_shortcode( 'someshortcode' ); $this->assertSame( trim( $classic_filtered_content ), trim( $block_filtered_content ) ); } public function handle_shortcode( $atts, $content ) { return $content; } /* * @ticket 45495 / public function test_nested_calls_to_the_content() { register_block_type( 'core/test', array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'dynamic_the_content_call', ), ) ); $content = "foo\n\nbar"; $the_content = apply_filters( 'the_content', '<!-- wp:core/test -->' . $content . '<!-- /wp:core/test -->' ); $this->assertSame( $content, $the_content ); } public function dynamic_the_content_call( $attrs, $content ) { apply_filters( 'the_content', '' ); return $content; } public function test_can_nest_at_least_so_deep() { $minimum_depth = 99; $content = 'deep inside'; for ( $i = 0; $i < $minimum_depth; $i++ ) { $content = '<!-- wp:core/test -->' . $content . '<!-- /wp:core/test -->'; } $this->assertSame( 'deep inside', do_blocks( $content ) ); } public function test_can_nest_at_least_so_deep_with_dynamic_blocks() { $minimum_depth = 99; $content = '0'; for ( $i = 0; $i < $minimum_depth; $i++ ) { $content = '<!-- wp:core/test -->' . $content . '<!-- /wp:core/test -->'; } register_block_type( 'core/test', array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_dynamic_incrementer', ), ) ); $this->assertSame( $minimum_depth, (int) do_blocks( $content ) ); } public function render_dynamic_incrementer( $attrs, $content ) { return (string) ( 1 + (int) $content ); } /* * @ticket 45290 / public function test_blocks_arent_autopeed() { $expected_content = 'test'; $test_content = "<!-- wp:fake/block -->\n$expected_content\n<!-- /wp:fake/block -->"; $current_priority = has_action( 'the_content', 'wpautop' ); $filtered_content = trim( apply_filters( 'the_content', $test_content ) ); $this->assertSame( $expected_content, $filtered_content ); // Check that wpautop() is still defined in the same place. $this->assertSame( $current_priority, has_action( 'the_content', 'wpautop' ) ); // ... and that the restore function has removed itself. $this->assertFalse( has_action( 'the_content', '_restore_wpautop_hook' ) ); $test_content = 'test'; $expected_content = "<p>$test_content</p>"; $current_priority = has_action( 'the_content', 'wpautop' ); $filtered_content = trim( apply_filters( 'the_content', $test_content ) ); $this->assertSame( $expected_content, $filtered_content ); $this->assertSame( $current_priority, has_action( 'the_content', 'wpautop' ) ); $this->assertFalse( has_action( 'the_content', '_restore_wpautop_hook' ) ); } /* * @ticket 45109 / public function data_do_block_test_filenames() { self::$fixtures_dir = DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/fixtures'; $fixture_filenames = array_merge( glob( self::$fixtures_dir . '/.json' ), glob( self::$fixtures_dir . '/.html' ) ); $fixture_filenames = array_values( array_unique( array_map( array( $this, 'clean_fixture_filename' ), $fixture_filenames ) ) ); return array_map( array( $this, 'pass_parser_fixture_filenames' ), $fixture_filenames ); } /* * @dataProvider data_do_block_test_filenames * @ticket 45109 / public function test_do_block_output( $html_filename, $server_html_filename ) { $html_path = self::$fixtures_dir . '/' . $html_filename; $server_html_path = self::$fixtures_dir . '/' . $server_html_filename; foreach ( array( $html_path, $server_html_path ) as $filename ) { if ( ! file_exists( $filename ) ) { throw new Exception( "Missing fixture file: '$filename'" ); } } $html = do_blocks( self::strip_r( file_get_contents( $html_path ) ) ); // If blocks opt into Gutenberg's layout implementation // the container will receive an additional, unique classname based on "wp-container-[blockname]-layout" // so we need to normalize the random id. $normalized_html = preg_replace( '/wp-container-[a-z-]+\d+/', 'wp-container-1', $html ); // The gallery block uses a unique class name of `wp_unique_id( 'wp-block-gallery-' )` // so we need to normalize the random id. $normalized_html = preg_replace( '/wp-block-gallery-\d+/', 'wp-block-gallery-1', $normalized_html ); $expected_html = self::strip_r( file_get_contents( $server_html_path ) ); // Convert HTML to be white space insensitive. $normalized_html = preg_replace( '/(\s+$)/m', '', $normalized_html ); $expected_html = preg_replace( '/(\s+$)/m', '', $expected_html ); $this->assertSame( $expected_html, $normalized_html, "File '$html_path' does not match expected value" ); } /* * @ticket 53148 / public function test_render_field_in_block_json() { $result = register_block_type( DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/notice' ); $actual_content = do_blocks( '<!-- wp:tests/notice {"message":"Hello from the test"} --><!-- /wp:tests/notice -->' ); $this->assertSame( '<p class="wp-block-tests-notice">Hello from the test</p>', trim( $actual_content ) ); } /* * @ticket 45109 / public function test_dynamic_block_rendering() { $settings = array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_test_block', ), ); register_block_type( 'core/test', $settings ); // The duplicated dynamic blocks below are there to ensure that do_blocks() replaces each one-by-one. $post_content = 'before' . '<!-- wp:core/test {"value":"b1"} --><!-- /wp:core/test -->' . '<!-- wp:core/test {"value":"b1"} --><!-- /wp:core/test -->' . 'between' . '<!-- wp:core/test {"value":"b2"} /-->' . '<!-- wp:core/test {"value":"b2"} /-->' . 'after'; $updated_post_content = do_blocks( $post_content ); $this->assertSame( $updated_post_content, 'before' . '1:b1' . '2:b1' . 'between' . '3:b2' . '4:b2' . 'after' ); } /* * @ticket 45109 / public function test_global_post_persistence() { global $post; register_block_type( 'core/test', array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_test_block_wp_query', ), ) ); $posts = self::factory()->post->create_many( 5 ); $post = get_post( end( $posts ) ); $global_post = $post; do_blocks( '<!-- wp:core/test /-->' ); $this->assertSame( $global_post, $post ); } public function test_render_latest_comments_on_password_protected_post() { $post_id = self::factory()->post->create( array( 'post_password' => 'password', ) ); $comment_text = wp_generate_password( 10, false ); self::factory()->comment->create( array( 'comment_post_ID' => $post_id, 'comment_content' => $comment_text, ) ); $comments = do_blocks( '<!-- wp:latest-comments {"commentsToShow":1,"displayExcerpt":true} /-->' ); $this->assertStringNotContainsString( $comment_text, $comments ); } /* * @ticket 45109 / public function test_dynamic_block_renders_string() { $settings = array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_test_block_numeric', ), ); register_block_type( 'core/test', $settings ); $block_type = new WP_Block_Type( 'core/test', $settings ); $rendered = $block_type->render(); $this->assertSame( '10', $rendered ); $this->assertIsString( $rendered ); } public function test_dynamic_block_gets_inner_html() { register_block_type( 'core/dynamic', array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_serialize_dynamic_block', ), ) ); $output = do_blocks( '<!-- wp:dynamic -->inner<!-- /wp:dynamic -->' ); $data = unserialize( base64_decode( $output ) ); $this->assertSame( 'inner', $data[1] ); } public function test_dynamic_block_gets_rendered_inner_blocks() { register_block_type( 'core/test', array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_test_block_numeric', ), ) ); register_block_type( 'core/dynamic', array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_serialize_dynamic_block', ), ) ); $output = do_blocks( '<!-- wp:dynamic -->before<!-- wp:test /-->after<!-- /wp:dynamic -->' ); $data = unserialize( base64_decode( $output ) ); $this->assertSame( 'before10after', $data[1] ); } public function test_dynamic_block_gets_rendered_inner_dynamic_blocks() { register_block_type( 'core/dynamic', array( 'render_callback' => array( $this, 'render_serialize_dynamic_block', ), ) ); $output = do_blocks( '<!-- wp:dynamic -->before<!-- wp:dynamic -->deep inner<!-- /wp:dynamic -->after<!-- /wp:dynamic -->' ); $data = unserialize( base64_decode( $output ) ); $inner = $this->render_serialize_dynamic_block( array(), 'deep inner' ); $this->assertSame( $data[1], 'before' . $inner . 'after' ); } /* * Helper function to remove relative paths and extension from a filename, leaving just the fixture name. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @param string $filename The filename to clean. * @return string The cleaned fixture name. / protected function clean_fixture_filename( $filename ) { $filename = wp_basename( $filename ); $filename = preg_replace( '/\..+$/', '', $filename ); return $filename; } /* * Helper function to return the filenames needed to test the parser output. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @param string $filename The cleaned fixture name. * @return array The input and expected output filenames for that fixture. / protected function pass_parser_fixture_filenames( $filename ) { return array( "$filename.html", "$filename.server.html", ); } /* * Helper function to remove '\r' characters from a string. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @param string $input The string to remove '\r' from. * @return string The input string, with '\r' characters removed. / protected function strip_r( $input ) { return str_replace( "\r", '', $input ); } /* * Test block rendering function. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @param array $attributes Block attributes. * @return string Block output. / public function render_test_block( $attributes ) { $this->test_block_instance_number += 1; return $this->test_block_instance_number . ':' . $attributes['value']; } /* * Test block rendering function, returning numeric value. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @return int Block output. / public function render_test_block_numeric() { return 10; } /* * Test block rendering function, returning base64 encoded serialised value. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @return string Block output. / public function render_serialize_dynamic_block( $attributes, $content ) { return base64_encode( serialize( array( $attributes, $content ) ) ); } /* * Test block rendering function, creating a new WP_Query instance. * * @since 5.0.0 * * @return string Block output. */ public function render_test_block_wp_query() { $content = ''; $recent = new WP_Query( array( 'numberposts' => 10, 'orderby' => 'ID', 'order' => 'DESC', 'post_type' => 'post', 'post_status' => 'draft, publish, future, pending, private', 'suppress_filters' => true, ) ); while ( $recent->have_posts() ) { $recent->the_post(); $content .= get_the_title(); } wp_reset_postdata(); return $content; } } ```
David Stanley Steele (born 29 September 1941) is an English former international cricketer. Tony Greig picked him for England in 1975 when he was close to retirement from county cricket for Northamptonshire. Steele, who was born in Bradeley, Stoke-on-Trent, was a middle-order batsman. In his eight Test matches, he played against fast bowlers including Dennis Lillee and Jeff Thomson for Australia; and Andy Roberts, Michael Holding, Wayne Daniel and Vanburn Holder for the West Indies. His arrival followed a period of great difficulty for the national team mired in a difficult 1975 Ashes series. It led to the phrase, coined by Clive Taylor of The Sun, that he was like a "bank clerk who went to war". He was appointed as county captain of Derbyshire in 1979 but resigned after six weeks. He played for the club from 1979 to 1981. Life and career Making his debut against Australia at Lord's in 1975, Steele got lost in the pavilion as he went out to bat. He went down one too many flights of stairs and found himself in the basement toilets. Once he did arrive at the crease, fast bowler Jeff Thomson gave him a typically Australian welcome. Eyeing Steele's prematurely greying hair at 33, Thomson asked: "Bloody hell, who've we got here, Groucho Marx?" That summer, however, Steele scored 50, 45, 73, 92, 39 and 66 against the Australians in his trademark staunch, courageous and steady manner. When presenting Steele his cap in the dressing room before his debut, captain Tony Greig felt tears fall on his hand and considered that "Here was a man who would fight for me to the death". His ability to stand up to hostile fast bowling, which other batsmen had struggled to cope with, and attack with the hook shot, raised morale among his teammates and spectators alike. In the following year, he commenced against the even more fearsome fast bowling attack of the West Indies by scoring a century at Trent Bridge. Oddly, he was overlooked for that winter's tour to India based on the theory that he could not play spin bowlers. He duly returned to county cricket and finished his career back at Northampton in 1984 having scored over 22,000 runs, of which 673 came in Tests. Steele was voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 1975, and was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1976. References External links 1941 births Living people BBC Sports Personality of the Year winners Bedfordshire cricketers Derbyshire cricket captains England One Day International cricketers England Test cricketers English cricketers Leicestershire cricketers Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Northamptonshire cricketers Staffordshire cricketers Wisden Cricketers of the Year D. H. Robins' XI cricketers T. N. Pearce's XI cricketers Cricketers from Stoke-on-Trent
Features from accelerated segment test (FAST) is a corner detection method, which could be used to extract feature points and later used to track and map objects in many computer vision tasks. The FAST corner detector was originally developed by Edward Rosten and Tom Drummond, and was published in 2006. The most promising advantage of the FAST corner detector is its computational efficiency. Referring to its name, it is indeed faster than many other well-known feature extraction methods, such as difference of Gaussians (DoG) used by the SIFT, SUSAN and Harris detectors. Moreover, when machine learning techniques are applied, superior performance in terms of computation time and resources can be realised. The FAST corner detector is very suitable for real-time video processing application because of this high-speed performance. Segment test detector FAST corner detector uses a circle of 16 pixels (a Bresenham circle of radius 3) to classify whether a candidate point p is actually a corner. Each pixel in the circle is labeled from integer number 1 to 16 clockwise. If a set of N contiguous pixels in the circle are all brighter than the intensity of candidate pixel p (denoted by Ip) plus a threshold value t or all darker than the intensity of candidate pixel p minus threshold value t, then p is classified as corner. The conditions can be written as: Condition 1: A set of N contiguous pixels S, , the intensity of x > Ip + threshold, or Condition 2: A set of N contiguous pixels S, , So when either of the two conditions is met, candidate p can be classified as a corner. There is a tradeoff of choosing N, the number of contiguous pixels and the threshold value t. On one hand the number of detected corner points should not be too many, on the other hand, the high performance should not be achieved by sacrificing computational efficiency. Without the improvement of machine learning, N is usually chosen as 12. A high-speed test method could be applied to exclude non-corner points. High-speed test The high-speed test for rejecting non-corner points is operated by examining 4 example pixels, namely pixel 1, 9, 5 and 13. Because there should be at least 12 contiguous pixels that are whether all brighter or darker than the candidate corner, so there should be at least 3 pixels out of these 4 example pixels that are all brighter or darker than the candidate corner. Firstly pixels 1 and 9 are examined, if both I1 and I9 are within [Ip - t, Ip + t], then candidate p is not a corner. Otherwise pixels 5 and 13 are further examined to check whether three of them are brighter than Ip + t or darker than Ip - t. If there exists 3 of them that are either brighter or darker, the rest pixels are then examined for final conclusion. And according to the inventor in his first paper, on average 3.8 pixels are needed to check for candidate corner pixel. Compared with 8.5 pixels for each candidate corner, 3.8 is really a great reduction which could highly improve the performance. However, there are several weaknesses for this test method: The high-speed test cannot be generalized well for N < 12. If N < 12, it would be possible that a candidate p is a corner and only 2 out of 4 example test pixels are both brighter Ip + t or darker than Ip - t. The efficiency of the detector depends on the choice and ordering of these selected test pixels. However it is unlikely that the chosen pixels are optimal which take concerns about the distribution of corner appearances. Multiple features are detected adjacent to one another Improvement with machine learning In order to address the first two weakness points of high-speed test, a machine learning approach is introduced to help improve the detecting algorithm. This machine learning approach operates in two stages. Firstly, corner detection with a given N is processed on a set of training images which are preferable from the target application domain. Corners are detected through the simplest implementation which literally extracts a ring of 16 pixels and compares the intensity values with an appropriate threshold. For candidate p, each location on the circle x ∈ {1, 2, 3, ..., 16} can be denoted by p→x. The state of each pixel, Sp→x must be in one of the following three states: d, Ip→x ≤ Ip - t (darker) s, Ip - t ≤ Ip→x ≤ Ip + t (similar) b, Ip→x≥ Ip + t (brighter) Then choosing an x (same for all p) partitions P (the set of all pixels of all training images) into 3 different subsets, Pd, Ps, Pb where: Pd = {p ∈ P : Sp→x = d } Ps = {p ∈ P : Sp→x = s } Pb = {p ∈ P : Sp→x = b } Secondly, a decision tree algorithm, the ID3 algorithm is applied to the 16 locations in order to achieve the maximum information gain. Let Kp be a boolean variable which indicates whether p is a corner, then the entropy of Kp is used to measure the information of p being a corner. For a set of pixels Q, the total entropy of KQ (not normalized) is: H(Q) = ( c + n ) log2( c + n ) - clog2c - nlog2n where c = \|{ i ∈ Q: Ki is true}\| (number of corners) where n = \|{ i ∈ Q: Ki is false}\| (number of non-corners) The information gain can then be represented as: Hg= H(P) - H(Pb) - H(Ps) - H(Pd) A recursive process is applied to each subsets in order to select each x that could maximize the information gain. For example, at first an x is selected to partition P into Pd, Ps, Pb with the most information; then for each subset Pd, Ps, Pb, another y is selected to yield the most information gain (notice that the y could be the same as x ). This recursive process ends when the entropy is zero so that either all pixels in that subset are corners or non-corners. This generated decision tree can then be converted into programming code, such as C and C++, which is just a bunch of nested if-else statements. For optimization purpose, profile-guided optimization is used to compile the code. The complied code is used as corner detector later for other images. Notice that the corners detected using this decision tree algorithm should be slightly different from the results using segment test detector. This is because that decision tree model depends on the training data, which could not cover all possible corners. Non-maximum suppression "Since the segment test does not compute a corner response function, non-maximum suppression can not be applied directly to the resulting features." However, if N is fixed, for each pixel p the corner strength is defined as the maximum value of t that makes p a corner. Two approaches therefore could be used: A binary search algorithm could be applied to find the biggest t for which p is still a corner. So each time a different t is set for the decision tree algorithm. When it manages to find the biggest t, that t could be regarded as the corner strength. Another approach is an iteration scheme, where each time t is increased to the smallest value of which pass the test. FAST-ER: Enhanced repeatability FAST-ER detector is an improvement of the FAST detector using a metaheuristic algorithm, in this case simulated annealing. So that after the optimization, the structure of the decision tree would be optimized and suitable for points with high repeatability. However, since simulated annealing is a metaheurisic algorithm, each time the algorithm would generate a different optimized decision tree. So it is better to take efficiently large amount of iterations to find a solution that is close to the real optimal. According to Rosten, it takes about 200 hours on a Pentium 4 at 3 GHz which is 100 repeats of 100,000 iterations to optimize the FAST detector. Comparison with other detectors In Rosten's research, FAST and FAST-ER detector are evaluated on several different datasets and compared with the DoG, Harris, Harris-Laplace, Shi-Tomasi, and SUSAN corner detectors. The parameter settings for the detectors (other than FAST) are as follows: Repeatability test result is presented as the averaged area under repeatability curves for 0-2000 corners per frame over all datasets (except the additive noise): Speed tests were performed on a 3.0 GHz Pentium 4-D computer. The dataset are divided into a training set and a test set. The training set consists of 101 monochrome images with a resolution of 992×668 pixels. The test set consists of 4968 frames of monochrome 352×288 video. And the result is: References Bibliography External links Advanced Vision homepage Feature detection (computer vision)
The Chinese dragon, also known as the loong, long or lung (), is a legendary creature in Chinese mythology, Chinese folklore, and Chinese culture at large. Chinese dragons have many animal-like forms such as turtles and fish, but are most commonly depicted as snake-like with four legs. Academicians have identified four reliable theories on the origin of the Chinese dragon: snakes, Chinese alligators, thunder worship and nature worship. They traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control over water. The impression of dragons in a large number of Asian countries has been influenced by Chinese culture, such as in Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Chinese tradition has always used the dragon totem as the national emblem, and the "Yellow Dragon flag" of the Qing dynasty has influenced the impression that China is a dragon in many European countries. The white dragon of the flag of modern Bhutan is a classic Chinese-style dragon. Symbolic value Historically, the Chinese dragon was associated with the Emperor of China and used as a symbol to represent imperial power. The founder of the Han dynasty Liu Bang claimed that he was conceived after his mother dreamt of a dragon. During the Tang dynasty, Emperors wore robes with dragon motif as an imperial symbol, and high officials might also be presented with dragon robes. In the Yuan dynasty, the two-horned five-clawed dragon was designated for use by the Son of Heaven or Emperor only, while the four-clawed dragon was used by the princes and nobles. Similarly during the Ming and Qing dynasty, the five-clawed dragon was strictly reserved for use by the Emperor only. The dragon in the Qing dynasty appeared on the first Chinese national flag. The image of the Chinese dragon was roughly established in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, but there was no great change for a long time. In the Han Dynasty, the winged Yinglong, as a symbol of feudal imperial power, frequently appeared in Royal Dragon vessels, which means that most of the dragon image designs used by the royal family in the Han Dynasty are Yinglong patterns. Yinglong is a winged dragon in ancient Chinese legend. At present, the literature records of Yinglong's winged image can be tested from "Guangya" () during the Three Kingdoms period, but Yinglong's winged design has been found in bronze ware from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to stone carvings, silk paintings and lacquerware of the Han Dynasty. The literature records of Yinglong can be traced back to the documents of the pre-Qin period, such as Classic of Mountains and Seas and Chuci. According to the records in Classic of Mountains and Seas, the Chinese mythology 2200 years ago, Yinglong had the main characteristics of later Chinese dragons – the power to control the sky and the noble mythical status. However, since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the image of the real dragon symbolizing China's imperial power was no longer the Yinglong with wings, but the common wingless Yellow Dragon in modern times. For the evolution of Yinglong and Yellow Dragon, scholar Chen Zheng proposed in "Yinglong – the origin of the image of the real dragon" that from the middle of the Zhou Dynasty, Yinglong's wings gradually became the form of flame pattern and cloud pattern at the dragon's shoulder in artistic creation, which derived the wingeless long snake shape. The image of Huanglong was used together with the winged Yinglong. Since then, with a series of wars, Chinese civilization suffered heavy losses, resulting in the forgetting of the image of winged Yinglong, and the image of wingless Yellow Dragon replaced the original Yinglong and became the real dragon symbolizing China's imperial power. On this basis, scholar Xiao Congrong put forward that the simplified artistic creation of Yinglong's wings by Chinese ancestors is a continuous process, that is, the simplification of dragon's wings is an irreversible trend. Xiao Congrong believes that the phenomenon of "Yellow Dragon" replacing "Ying Long" can not be avoided regardless of whether Chinese civilization has suffered disaster or not. The dragon is sometimes used in the West as a national emblem of China though such use is not commonly seen in the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China. Instead, it is generally used as the symbol of culture. In Hong Kong, the dragon was a component of the coat of arms under British rule. It was later to become a feature of the design of Brand Hong Kong, a government promotional symbol. The Chinese dragon has very different connotations from the European dragon – in European cultures, the dragon is a fire-breathing creature with aggressive connotations, whereas the Chinese dragon is a spiritual and cultural symbol that represents prosperity and good luck, as well as a rain deity that fosters harmony. It was reported that the Chinese government decided against using the dragon as its official 2008 Summer Olympics mascot because of the aggressive connotations that dragons have outside of China, and chose more "friendly" symbols instead. Sometimes Chinese people use the term "Descendants of the Dragon" () as a sign of ethnic identity, as part of a trend started in the 1970s when different Asian nationalities were looking for animal symbols as representations, for example, the wolf may be used by the Mongols as it is considered to be their legendary ancestor. As a state symbol The dragon was the symbol of the Chinese emperor for many dynasties. During the Qing dynasty, the Azure Dragon was featured on the first Chinese national flag. It was featured again on the Twelve Symbols national emblem, which was used during the Republic of China, from 1913 to 1928. The dragon has been used as a state symbol in Vietnam. During the Nguyễn dynasty, the dragon was featured on the imperial standards. It was also featured on the coats of arms of the State of Vietnam, and later South Vietnam. Dragon worship Origin The ancient Chinese self-identified as "the gods of the dragon" because the Chinese dragon is an imagined reptile that represents evolution from the ancestors and qi energy. Dragon-like motifs of a zoomorphic composition in reddish-brown stone have been found at the Chahai site (Liaoning) in the Xinglongwa culture (6200–5400 BC). The presence of dragons within Chinese culture dates back several thousands of years with the discovery of a dragon statue dating back to the fifth millennium BC from the Yangshao culture in Henan in 1987, and jade badges of rank in coiled form have been excavated from the Hongshan culture –2900 BC. Some of the earliest Dragon artifacts are the pig dragon carvings from the Hongshan culture. The coiled dragon or snake form played an important role in early Chinese culture. The character for "dragon" in the earliest Chinese writing has a similar coiled form, as do later jade dragon amulets from the Shang period. Ancient Chinese referred to unearthed dinosaur bones as dragon bones and documented them as such. For example, Chang Qu in 300 BC documents the discovery of "dragon bones" in Sichuan. The modern Chinese term for dinosaur is written as ('terror dragon'), and villagers in central China have long unearthed fossilized "dragon bones" for use in traditional medicines, a practice that continues today. The binomial name for a variety of dinosaurs discovered in China, Mei long, in Chinese ( and ) means 'sleeping dragon'. Fossilized remains of Mei long have been found in China in a sleeping and coiled form, with the dinosaur nestling its snout beneath one of its forelimbs while encircling its tail around its entire body. Mythical creature From its origins as totems or the stylized depiction of natural creatures, the Chinese dragon evolved to become a mythical animal. The Han dynasty scholar Wang Fu recorded Chinese myths that long dragons had nine anatomical resemblances.The people paint the dragon's shape with a horse's head and a snake's tail. Further, there are expressions as 'three joints' and 'nine resemblances' (of the dragon), to wit: from head to shoulder, from shoulder to breast, from breast to tail. These are the joints; as to the nine resemblances, they are the following: his antlers resemble those of a stag, his head that of a camel, his eyes those of a demon, his neck that of a snake, his belly that of a clam (shen, ), his scales those of a carp, his claws those of an eagle, his soles those of a tiger, his ears those of a cow. Upon his head he has a thing like a broad eminence (a big lump), called [chimu] (). If a dragon has no [chimu], he cannot ascend to the sky. Further sources give variant lists of the nine animal resemblances. Sinologist lists these characteristics of an authentic dragon: "The antlers of a deer. The head of a crocodile. A demon's eyes. The neck of a snake. A tortoise's viscera. A hawk's claws. The palms of a tiger. A cow's ears. And it hears through its horns, its ears being deprived of all power of hearing". He notes that, "Others state it has a rabbit's eyes, a frog's belly, a carp's scales". Chinese dragons were considered to be physically concise. Of the 117 scales, 81 are of the yang essence (positive) while 36 are of the yin essence (negative). Initially, the dragon was benevolent, wise, and just, but the Buddhists introduced the concept of malevolent influence among some dragons. Just as water destroys, they said, so can some dragons destroy via floods, tidal waves, and storms. They suggested that some of the worst floods were believed to have been the result of a mortal upsetting a dragon. Many pictures of Chinese dragons show a flaming pearl under their chin or in their claws. The pearl is associated with spiritual energy, wisdom, prosperity, power, immortality, thunder, or the moon. Chinese art often depicts a pair of dragons chasing or fighting over the flaming pearl. Chinese dragons are occasionally depicted with bat-like wings growing out of the front limbs, but most do not have wings, as their ability to fly (and control rain/water, etc.) is mystical and not seen as a result of their physical attributes. This description accords with the artistic depictions of the dragon down to the present day. The dragon has also acquired an almost unlimited range of supernatural powers. It is said to be able to disguise itself as a silkworm, or become as large as our entire universe. It can fly among the clouds or hide in water (according to the Guanzi). It can form clouds, can turn into water, can change color as an ability to blend in with their surroundings, as an effective form of camouflage or glow in the dark (according to the Shuowen Jiezi). In many other countries, folktales speak of the dragon having all the attributes of the other 11 creatures of the zodiac, this includes the whiskers of the Rat, the face and horns of the Ox, the claws and teeth of the Tiger, the belly of the Rabbit, the body of the Snake, the legs of the Horse, the goatee of the Goat, the wit of the Monkey, the crest of the Rooster, the ears of the Dog, and the snout of the Pig. In some circles, it is considered bad luck to depict a dragon facing downwards, as it is seen as disrespectful to place a dragon in such manner that it cannot ascend to the sky. Also, depictions of dragons in tattoos are prevalent as they are symbols of strength and power, especially criminal organisations where dragons hold a meaning all on their own. As such, it is believed that one must be fierce and strong enough, hence earning the right to wear the dragon on his skin, lest his luck be consumed by the dragons. According to an art historian John Boardman, depictions of Chinese Dragon and Indian Makara might have been influenced by Kētos in Greek mythology possibly after contact with silk-road images of the Kētos as Chinese dragon appeared more reptilian and shifted head-shape afterwards. Ruler of weather and water Chinese dragons are strongly associated with water and weather in popular religion. They are believed to be the rulers of moving bodies of water, such as waterfalls, rivers, or seas. The Dragon god is the dispenser of rain as well as the zoomorphic representation of the yang masculine power of generation. In this capacity as the rulers of water and weather, the dragon is more anthropomorphic in form, often depicted as a humanoid, dressed in a king's costume, but with a dragon head wearing a king's headdress. There are four major Dragon Kings, representing each of the Four Seas: the East Sea (corresponding to the East China Sea), the South Sea (corresponding to the South China Sea), the West Sea (sometimes seen as the Qinghai Lake and beyond), and the North Sea (sometimes seen as Lake Baikal). Because of this association, they are seen as "in charge" of water-related weather phenomena. In premodern times, many Chinese villages (especially those close to rivers and seas) had temples dedicated to their local "dragon king". In times of drought or flooding, it was customary for the local gentry and government officials to lead the community in offering sacrifices and conducting other religious rites to appease the dragon, either to ask for rain or a cessation thereof. The King of Wuyue in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was often known as the "Dragon King" or the "Sea Dragon King" because of his extensive hydro-engineering schemes which "tamed" the sea. In coastal regions of China, Korea, Vietnam, traditional legends and worshipping of whales (whale gods) as the guardians of people on the sea have been referred to Dragon Kings after the arrival of Buddhism. Symbol of imperial authority According to Chinese legend, both Chinese primogenitors, the earliest Door and the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi), were closely related to 'Long' (Chinese dragon). At the end of his reign, the first legendary ruler, the Yellow Emperor, was said to have been immortalized into a dragon that resembled his emblem, and ascended to Heaven. The other legendary ruler, the Yan Emperor, was born by his mother's telepathy with a mythical dragon. Since the Chinese consider the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor as their ancestors, they sometimes refer to themselves as "the descendants of the dragon". This legend also contributed towards the use of the Chinese dragon as a symbol of imperial power. Dragons (usually with five claws on each foot) were a symbol for the emperor in many Chinese dynasties. During the Qing dynasty, the imperial dragon was colored yellow or gold, and during the Ming dynasty it was red. The imperial throne was referred to as the Dragon Throne. During the late Qing dynasty, the dragon was even adopted as the national flag. Dragons are featured in carvings on the stairs and walkways of imperial palaces and imperial tombs, such as at the Forbidden City in Beijing. In some Chinese legends, an emperor might be born with a birthmark in the shape of a dragon. For example, one legend tells the tale of a peasant born with a dragon birthmark who eventually overthrows the existing dynasty and founds a new one; another legend might tell of the prince in hiding from his enemies who is identified by his dragon birthmark. In contrast, the Empress of China was often identified with the Chinese phoenix. Modern belief Worship of the Dragon god is celebrated throughout China with sacrifices and processions during the fifth and sixth moons, and especially on the date of his birthday the thirteenth day of the sixth moon. A folk religious movement of associations of good-doing in modern Hebei is primarily devoted to a generic Dragon god whose icon is a tablet with his name inscribed, for which it has been named the "movement of the Dragon Tablet". Depictions of the dragon Neolithic depictions Dragons or dragon-like depictions have been found extensively in neolithic-period archaeological sites throughout China. Some of earliest depictions of dragons were found at Xinglongwa culture sites. Yangshao culture sites in Xi'an have produced clay pots with dragon motifs. A burial site Xishuipo in Puyang which is associated with the Yangshao culture shows a large dragon mosaic made out of clam shells. The Liangzhu culture also produced dragon-like patterns. The Hongshan culture sites in present-day Inner Mongolia produced jade dragon objects in the form of pig dragons which are the first 3-dimensional representations of Chinese dragons. One such early form was the pig dragon. It is a coiled, elongated creature with a head resembling a boar. The character for "dragon" in the earliest Chinese writing has a similar coiled form, as do later jade dragon amulets from the Shang dynasty. A snake-like dragon body painted on red pottery wares was discovered at Taosi (Shanxi) from the second phase of the Longshan Culture, and a dragon-like object coated with approximately 2000 pieces of turquoise and jade was discovered at Erlitou. Classical depictions Chinese literature and myths refer to many dragons besides the famous long. The linguist Michael Carr analyzed over 100 ancient dragon names attested in Chinese classic texts. Many such Chinese names derive from the suffix -long: Tianlong (), celestial dragon that guards heavenly palaces and pulls divine chariots; also a name for the constellation Draco Shenlong (), thunder god that controls the weather, appearance of a human head, dragon's body, and drum-like stomach Fuzanglong (), underworld guardian of precious metals and jewels, associated with volcanoes Dilong (), controller of rivers and seas; also a name for earthworm Yinglong (), winged dragon associated with rains and floods, used by Yellow Emperor to kill Chi You Jiaolong (), hornless or scaled dragon, leader of all aquatic animals Panlong (), lake dragon that has not ascended to heaven Huanglong (), hornless dragon symbolizing the emperor Feilong (), winged dragon that rides on clouds and mist; also a name for a genus of pterosaur (compare Feilong kick and Fei Long character) Qinglong (), the animal associated with the East in the Chinese Four Symbols, mythological creatures in the Chinese constellations Qiulong (), contradictorily defined as both "horned dragon" and "hornless dragon" Zhulong () or Zhuyin () was a giant red draconic solar deity in Chinese mythology. It supposedly had a human's face and snake's body, created day and night by opening and closing its eyes, and created seasonal winds by breathing. (Note that this zhulong is different from the similarly named Vermilion Dragon or the Pig dragon). Chilong (), a hornless dragon or mountain demon Fewer Chinese dragon names derive from the prefix long-: Longwang () divine rulers of the Four Seas Longma (), emerged from the Luo River and revealed ba gua to Fu Xi Some additional Chinese dragons are not named with long , for instance, Hong (), a two-headed dragon or rainbow serpent Shen (), a shapeshifting dragon or sea monster believed to create mirages Bashe () was a giant python-like dragon that ate elephants Teng () or Tengshe (; lit. "soaring snake") is a flying dragon without legs Chinese scholars have classified dragons in diverse systems. For instance, Emperor Huizong of the Song dynasty canonized five colored dragons as "kings". The Azure Dragon [Qinglong ] spirits, most compassionate kings. The Vermilion Dragon [Zhulong or Chilong ] spirits, kings that bestow blessings on lakes. The Yellow Dragon [Huanglong ] spirits, kings that favorably hear all petitions. The White Dragon [Bailong ] spirits, virtuous and pure kings. The Black Dragon [Xuanlong or Heilong ] spirits, kings dwelling in the depths of the mystic waters. With the addition of the Yellow Dragon of the center to Azure Dragon of the East, these Vermilion, White, and Black Dragons coordinate with the Four Symbols, including the Vermilion Bird of the South, White Tiger of the West, and Black Tortoise of the North. Dragons were varyingly thought to be able to control and embody various natural elements in their "mythic form" such as "water, air, earth, fire, light, wind, storm, [and] electricity". Some dragons who were able to breathe fire were thought to be exiled from tiān and banished to Earth. Nine sons of the dragon Several Ming dynasty texts list what were claimed as the Nine Offspring of the Dragon (), and subsequently these feature prominently in popular Chinese stories and writings. The scholar (1567–1624) in his work Wu Za Zu (c. 1592) gives the following listing, as rendered by M.W. de Visser: A well-known work of the end of the sixteenth century, the Wuzazu , informs us about the nine different young of the dragon, whose shapes are used as ornaments according to their nature. The [pú láo ], four leg small form dragon class which like to scream, are represented on the tops of bells, serving as handles. The [qiú niú ], which like music, are used to adorn musical instruments. The [chī wěn ], which like swallowing, are placed on both ends of the ridgepoles of roofs (to swallow all evil influences). The [cháo fēng ], beasts-like dragon which like adventure, are placed on the four corners of roofs. The [yá zì ], which like to kill, are engraved on sword guards. The [xì xì ], which have the shape of the [chī hǔ (One kind small form dragon)], and are fond of literature, are represented on the sides of grave-monuments. The [bì àn ], which like litigation, are placed over prison gates (in order to keep guard). The [suān ní ], which like to sit down, are represented upon the bases of Buddhist idols (under the Buddhas' or Bodhisattvas' feet). The [bì xì ], also known as [bà xià ], finally, big tortoises which like to carry heavy objects, are placed under grave-monuments. Further, the same author enumerates nine other kinds of dragons, which are represented as ornaments of different objects or buildings according to their liking prisons, water, the rank smell of newly caught fish or newly killed meat, wind and rain, ornaments, smoke, shutting the mouth (used for adorning key-holes), standing on steep places (placed on roofs), and fire. The Sheng'an waiji () collection by the poet Yang Shen (, 1488–1559) gives different 5th and 9th names for the dragon's nine children: the tāo tiè (), form of beasts, which loves to eat and is found on food-related wares, and the jiāo tú (), which looks like a conch or clam, does not like to be disturbed, and is used on the front door or the doorstep. Yang's list is bì xì, chī wěn or cháo fēng, pú láo, bì àn, tāo tiè, qiú niú, yá zì, suān ní, and jiāo tú. In addition, there are some sayings including [bā xià ], Hybrid of reptilia animal and dragon, a creature that likes to drink water, and is typically used on bridge structures. The oldest known attestation of the "children of the dragon" list is found in the Shuyuan zaji (, Miscellaneous records from the bean garden) by Lu Rong (1436–1494); however, he noted that the list enumerates mere synonyms of various antiques, not children of a dragon. The nine sons of the dragon were commemorated by the Shanghai Mint in 2012's year of the dragon with two sets of coins, one in silver, and one in brass. Each coin in the sets depicts one of the 9 sons, including an additional coin for the father dragon, which depicts the nine sons on the reverse. It's also a Chinese idiom, which means among brothers each one has his good points. Dragon claws Early Chinese dragons are depicted with two to five claws. Different countries that adopted the Chinese dragon have different preferences; in Mongolia and Korea, four-clawed dragons are used, while in Japan, three-clawed dragons are common. In China, three-clawed dragons were popularly used on robes during the Tang dynasty. The usage of the dragon motif was codified during the Yuan dynasty, and the five-clawed dragons became reserved for use by the emperor while the princes used four-clawed dragons. Phoenixes and five-clawed two-horned dragons may not be used on the robes of officials and other objects such as plates and vessels in the Yuan dynasty. It was further stipulated that for commoners, "it is forbidden to wear any cloth with patterns of Qilin, Male Fenghuang (Chinese phoenix), White rabbit, Lingzhi, Five-Toe Two-Horn Dragon, Eight Dragons, Nine Dragons, 'Ten thousand years', Fortune-longevity character and Golden Yellow etc." The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty emulated the Yuan dynasty rules on the use of the dragon motif and decreed that the dragon would be his emblem and that it should have five claws. The four-clawed dragon would be used typically for imperial nobility and certain high-ranking officials. The three-clawed dragon was used by lower ranks and the general public (widely seen on various Chinese goods in the Ming dynasty). The dragon, however, was only for select royalty closely associated with the imperial family, usually in various symbolic colors, while it was a capital offense for anyone—other than the emperor himself—to ever use the completely gold-colored, five-clawed Long dragon motif. Improper use of claw number or colors was considered treason, punishable by execution of the offender's entire clan. During the Qing dynasty, the Manchus initially considered three-clawed dragons the most sacred and used that until 1712 when it was replaced by five-clawed dragons, and portraits of the Qing emperors were usually depicted with five-clawed dragons. In works of art that left the imperial collection, either as gifts or through pilfering by court eunuchs (a long-standing problem), where practicable, one claw was removed from each set, as in several pieces of carved lacquerware, for example the well known Chinese lacquerware table in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Cultural references Number nine The number nine is special in China as it is seen as number of heaven, and Chinese dragons are frequently connected with it. For example, a Chinese dragon is normally described in terms of nine attributes and usually has 117 (9×13) scales—81 (9×9) Yang and 36 (9×4) Yin. This is also why there are nine forms of the dragon and nine sons of the dragon (see Classical depictions above). The Nine-Dragon Wall is a spirit wall with images of nine different dragons, and is found in imperial Chinese palaces and gardens. Because nine was considered the number of the emperor, only the most senior officials were allowed to wear nine dragons on their robes—and then only with the robe completely covered with surcoats. Lower-ranking officials had eight or five dragons on their robes, again covered with surcoats; even the emperor himself wore his dragon robe with one of its nine dragons hidden from view. There are a number of places in China called "Nine Dragons", the most famous being Kowloon (in Cantonese) in Hong Kong. The part of the Mekong in Vietnam is known as Cửu Long, with the same meaning. Chinese zodiac The Dragon is one of the 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac which is used to designate years in the Chinese calendar. It is thought that each animal is associated with certain personality traits. Dragon years are usually the most popular to have children. There are more people born in Dragon years than in any other animal years of the zodiac. Constellations The Azure Dragon (Qing Long, ) is considered to be the primary of the four celestial guardians, the other three being the Zhu Que (Vermilion Bird), Bai Hu (White Tiger), Xuan Wu (Black Tortoise-like creature). In this context, the Azure Dragon is associated with the East and the element of Wood. Dragonboat racing At special festivals, especially the Duanwu Festival, dragon boat races are an important part of festivities. Typically, these are boats paddled by a team of up to 20 paddlers with a drummer and steersman. The boats have a carved dragon as the head and tail of the boat. Dragon boat racing is also an important part of celebrations outside of China, such as at Chinese New Year. A similar racing is popular in India in the state of Kerala called Vallamkali and there are records on Chinese traders visiting the seashores of Kerala centuries back (Ibn Batuta). Dragon dancing On auspicious occasions, including Chinese New Year and the opening of shops and residences, festivities often include dancing with dragon puppets. These are "life sized" cloth-and-wood puppets manipulated by a team of people, supporting the dragon with poles. They perform choreographed moves to the accompaniment of drums, drama, and music. They also wore good clothing made of silk. Dragon and Fenghuang Fenghuang (), known in Japanese as Hō-ō or Hou-ou, are phoenix-like birds found in East Asian mythology that reign over all other birds. In Chinese symbolism, it is a feminine entity that is paired with the masculine Chinese dragon, as a visual metaphor of a balanced and blissful relationship, symbolic of both a happy marriage and a regent's long reign. Dragon as nāga In many Buddhist countries, the concept of the nāga has been merged with local traditions of great and wise serpents or dragons, as depicted in this stairway image of a multi-headed nāga emerging from the mouth of a Makara in the style of a Chinese dragon at Phra Maha Chedi Chai Mongkol on the premises of Wat Pha Namthip Thep Prasit Vararam in Thailand's Roi Et Province Nong Phok District. Dragons and tigers The tiger is considered to be the eternal rival to the dragon, thus various artworks depict a dragon and tiger fighting an epic battle. A well used Chinese idiom to describe equal rivals (often in sports nowadays) is "Dragon versus Tiger". In Chinese martial arts, "Dragon style" is used to describe styles of fighting based more on understanding movement, while "Tiger style" is based on brute strength and memorization of techniques. Dragons and botany The elm cultivar Ulmus pumila 'Pendula', from northern China, called 'weeping Chinese elm' in the West, is known locally as Lung chao yü shu ('Dragon's-claw elm') owing to its branching. Language A number of Chinese proverbs and idioms feature references to a dragon, such as "Hoping one's child will become a dragon" (). In popular culture As a part of traditional folklore, dragons appear in a variety of mythological fiction. In the classical novel Journey to the West, the son of the Dragon King of the West was condemned to serve as a horse for the travelers because of his indiscretions at a party in the heavenly court. Sun Wukong's staff, the Ruyi Jingu Bang, was robbed from Ao Guang, the Dragon King of the East Sea. In Fengshen Yanyi and other stories, Nezha, the boy hero, defeats the Dragon Kings and tames the seas. Chinese dragons also appear in innumerable Japanese anime films and television shows, manga, and in Western political cartoons as a personification of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese respect for dragons is emphasized in Naomi Novik's Temeraire novels, where they were the first people to tame dragons and are treated as equals, intellectuals, or even royalty, rather than beasts solely bred for war in the West. Manda is a large Chinese dragon that appears in the Godzilla storyline. A golden three-headed dragon also appears in the comic book series God Is Dead. The red dragon is a symbol of China which appears in many Mahjong games. A Chinese water dragon cast by a rebel mermaid named Aurora is the main antagonist in Season 3 of the Australian television series Mako Mermaids. The dragon is heavily based on Chinese mythology to coincide with a new Chinese mermaid on the show. The main antagonist of Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior, Yan-Lo, is a Chinese dragon. Despite the fact that he is deceased during the events of the film, he continues to hatch evil plans in the form of a spirit. In Monster High, Jinafire Long is the daughter of a Chinese dragon. The 1982 Rankin/Bass Productions features a Chinese dragon being the steed for Lo Tae Zhao, the Golden Wizard whose realm is light and air. Eddie Murphy voices Mushu, a red Chinese dragon in the 1998 Disney animated film Mulan and its 2004 sequel, Mulan II. Chinese dragons heavily influenced the dragons, including Fang, on Avatar: The Legend of Aang and The Legend of Korra. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings, the Great Protector is a Chinese water dragon that protects the realm of Ta Lo. Statues of Chinese dragons were also featured in the throne room of Trevor Slattery, Aldrich Killian's pawn, when posing as the Mandarin; long before finding the real version, Shang Chi's father The iconic Mortal Kombat logo depicts a silhouette of a traditional Chinese dragon. "Eastern Dragons" are one of the four types of dragons in the game Shadowrun, along with Western Dragons, Leviathans, and Feathered Serpents. Unicode included two Emoji symbols for Chinese Dragon, they are and . Regional variations across Asia While depictions of the dragon in art and literature are consistent throughout the cultures in which it is found, there are some regional differences. For more information on peculiarities in the depiction of the dragon in East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian cultures, see: Dragons related to the Chinese dragon Druk, the Thunder Dragon of Bhutanese mythology the Japanese dragon the Korean dragon Nāga, a Hindu and Buddhist creature in South Asian and Southeast Asian mythology. Bakunawa, a moon-eating sea dragon depicted in Philippine mythology. Pakhangba, a Manipuri dragon. the Vietnamese dragon Dragons similar to the Chinese dragon Makara, a sea Dragon in Hindu and Buddhist mythology Yali, a legendary creature in Hindu mythology the Nepalese dragon as depicted with Bhairava, also known as the "flying snake" Gallery Architecture Textile Painting Metalwork Jade Ceramics Modern artwork See also References Citations Sources , @University of Georgia Library External links Dragons Dragon East Asian mythology National symbols of China Yangshao culture
Brandon Tate (born October 5, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at North Carolina. Early years and family Tate attended Hugh M. Cummings High School in Burlington, North Carolina, where he played football as a wide receiver, kick returner, and defensive back and basketball as a guard. In basketball, he won a state title in his junior season. In his 2004 senior football season, Tate had 66 receptions and 18 touchdowns, earning All-Conference honors. Tate's brother, Barry, was a four-year letterwinner for Lenoir-Rhyne University in football. College career After high school, Tate attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Tate was one of seven true freshman to see game time. Tate played in all eleven games as a kick returner. In the Tar Heels game against the Utah Utes, Tate returned the opening kickoff 96 yards for a touchdown. Tate finished the season with 21 kick returns for 542 yards, and 29 punt returns for 267 yards. Tate finished 22nd in the country in kick off returns. In his freshman season, Tate finished second in the Atlantic Coast Conference in kick returns and third in punt returns. In his sophomore season, Tate was one of only three players in the country to return two kickoffs for touchdowns. Brandon Tate caught his first pass from Cameron Sexton, in the Tar Heels game against the Virginia Tech Hokies. The pass was for 13 yards, with the catch happening just before the end of the first half. In the Tar Heels' game against Notre Dame, Tate returned a kick off 90 yards for a touchdown. Tate faked a pitch to teammate Quinton Person, and bolted down the field into the end zone. In the final game of the Tar Heels season, against Duke, Tate performed very well. With seventeen seconds remaining in the first half of the game, Tate returned a kick off 97 yards for a touchdown. That 97-yard return tied third longest return in North Carolina's history. Early in the fourth quarter, Tate returned a punt 54 yards for a touchdown. Tate became the third person in North Carolina football history and the ninth player in NCAA history to return a kickoff and a punt for a touchdown in the same game. Tate caught his first pass, a 17-yard reception, from Cameron Sexton. In the opening game of Tate's junior season against James Madison, he caught his first touchdown pass of his career. Tate caught a 28-yard pass for his first catch of the season, as well as his first touchdown of his career. When North Carolina squared off against East Carolina, Tate returned a punt 58 yards for a touchdown. This was Tate's fifth career return for a touchdown, which tied the school record; which was held by Charlie Justice. In North Carolina's game against NC State, Brandon Tate recorded 168 all-purpose yards. He caught a 50-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Rome, a fullback, off of a flea flicker. In the Tar Heels' games against Wake Forest and Miami, Tate had over 200 all-purpose yards. In the Heels' game against Miami, Tate scored a 54-yard rushing touchdown off of a reverse. Tate set the ACC records for most all-purpose yards (2,382 yards) and most kick off returns (98) during his junior season. Tate saw more time at wide receiver in his junior season in 2007. Tate finished the season first in the ACC with 1,765 all-purpose yards; he also led his team with seven touchdowns. Tate caught 25 passes for 479 yards, averaging 19.2 yards per catch. In addition to that, Tate caught five touchdown passes. Tate averaged 24.1 for kick off returns and 9.4 yards for punt In Tate's senior year, the Tar Heels were pitted against the McNeese State for their opening game of the collegiate football season. Tate dominated the game. In the first quarter of the game, Tate returned a punt 82 yards for a touchdown. Shortly after the start of the second quarter, Tate rushed 54 yards, being tackled just three yards shy of the end zone. In the third quarter of the game, Tate caught a 57-yard pass from T. J. Yates and ran for a touchdown. Tate ended up rushing for 106 yards, becoming the first North Carolina wide receiver to have a hundred-yard rushing game. Tate set a school record for most all-purpose yards in a game with 397 yards on just eleven touches. Tate also set the school record for highest punt return average in a game, with 47.3 yards per return (3 returns for 142 yards). In the Tar Heels' game against Miami, Tate set the NCAA record for most combined kick off and punt return yards in a career. He would finish the season with 3,523 total career return yards to his name. Before the Tar Heels' game against Notre Dame, Tate needed only 165 yards to become the eleventh player in NCAA history to reach 1,000 kick off return yards and 1,000 punt return yards. Tate returned a single punt for 9 yards, before leaving the game with a knee injury. Tate ended up tearing his ACL and MCL in his knee and missed the final seven games of the season. Tate also the ACC's all-time leader in kickoff returns (109) and kickoff return yardage (2,688). Professional career New England Patriots 2009 season Tate was selected by the Patriots in the third round (83rd overall) of the 2009 NFL Draft. On July 16, he was signed to a four-year contract with a $755,000 signing bonus. He began the 2009 season on the non-football injury list, still recovering from his knee injury from the prior season. He was activated on October 24, in Week 7. He played that week against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as a reserve, recording one rush (an end-around) for 11 yards. Two weeks later, following the team's bye week, Tate started against the Miami Dolphins but did not have any catches in the game. Tate suffered another knee injury in the game and was placed on injured reserve on November 14, ending his season. He finished the season with 106 kickoff return yards. 2010 season On September 12, 2010, in the Patriots' season-opening game against the Cincinnati Bengals, Tate ran the opening second-half kickoff back 97 yards for a touchdown. On October 4, 2010, Tate repeated the feat against the Miami Dolphins, this time returning the ball 103 yards. Tate scored his first career receiving touchdown on a 65-yard catch against the Minnesota Vikings in Week 8. Tate played in 16 games, of which he started 10. He caught 24 passes for 432 yards and three touchdowns, and had 41 kick returns for 1,057 yards (25.8 yard average) and two touchdowns. On September 3, 2011, the New England Patriots released Tate. Cincinnati Bengals On September 4, 2011, the Cincinnati Bengals claimed Tate off waivers. On October 30, 2011, Tate returned a punt for a 56-yard touchdown against the Seattle Seahawks, his first touchdown with the Bengals. On March 11, 2014 Tate re-signed with the Bengals. Tate was re-signed by the Bengals on April 1, 2015, on a one-year contract. He recorded his first reception as a Bengal in a Week 1 loss to the Baltimore Ravens, he subsequently recorded his first receiving touchdown as a Bengal on a 44-yard reception from Andy Dalton in a Week Two 34–27 victory against the Cleveland Browns. The Bengals re-signed Tate to another one-year contract on March 4, 2016. During the season, Tate surpassed Mike Martin to become the Bengals all-time punt return yard leader. Tate was released by the Bengals on August 30, 2016, having been beaten out for the primary return man role by undrafted rookie Alex Erickson. He left the team as the all-time leader in combined kick and punt return yards with 4,928 yards. Buffalo Bills Tate signed with the Buffalo Bills on September 6, 2016. On March 20, 2017, Tate re-signed with the Bills. New Orleans Saints On July 31, 2018, Tate signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was released on September 1, 2018, as part of final roster cuts. He was re-signed on September 26, 2018, but was released six days later. References External links Cincinnati Bengals bio North Carolina Tar Heels bio 1987 births Living people Players of American football from Burlington, North Carolina African-American players of American football American football wide receivers American football return specialists North Carolina Tar Heels football players New England Patriots players Cincinnati Bengals players Buffalo Bills players New Orleans Saints players 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American people
J. Kevin McMahon is president and CEO of the Pittsburgh Cultural Trust, a $50 million private, nonprofit agency in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The trust, established in 1984, promotes the cultural and economic growth of downtown Pittsburgh through the development of a fourteen-block arts and entertainment center in downtown Pittsburgh—the Cultural District. He is its second president, following Carol Brown, who retired in 2000. Biography McMahon holds an MBA from the City University of New York and an undergraduate degree in economics and psychology from Hiram College. Prior to his current role, McMahon was a development officer from 1983 to 1992 for The New School in New York City and executive vice president of the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. from 1992 to 2001. He also teaches as an adjunct professor for the Heinz College at Carnegie Mellon University. References External links Pittsburgh Cultural District website Pittsburgh Cultural Trust website Hiram College alumni Living people People from Pittsburgh Baruch College alumni Carnegie Mellon University faculty Year of birth missing (living people)
Ove Ingels (16 February 1926 – 1977) was a Swedish curler. He was a 1966 Swedish men's curling champion. In 1967 he was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame. He was employed as a dentist. Teams References External links 1926 births 1977 deaths Curlers from Stockholm Swedish male curlers Swedish curling champions Swedish dentists 20th-century Swedish people
Michael Robert Sirotka (born May 13, 1971) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball from 1995 to 2000. He is an alumnus of Louisiana State University. Career Drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the 15th round of the 1993 Major League Baseball Draft, Sirotka made his major league debut in 1995, pitching in 6 starts that season. The 1996 and 1997 seasons saw Sirotka appear in only 22 games combined between both seasons. After impressing in spring training, Sirotka opened the 1998 season in the White Sox rotation. Sirotka went on to pitch in 33 starts, pitching 5 complete games and recording a win–loss record of 14-15 in innings. In 1999, Sirotka lowered his ERA one run lower than the previous season, finishing at an even 4.00. He pitched 3 complete games to go along with a record of 11-13 in 32 starts. The 2000 season saw Sirotka have a breakout year. He had a career high 15 wins with a career low 3.79 ERA for the White Sox, and made his first postseason appearance for the team in the 2000 American League Division Series, starting a game against the Seattle Mariners. In the offseason he traveled to Japan as part of the 2000 MLB Japan All-Star Series and pitched for the MLB squad. On January 14, 2001, he was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays with Kevin Beirne and Brian Simmons for Matt DeWitt and David Wells in a deal that would infamously become labeled by White Sox General Manager Kenny Williams as "Shouldergate", as Sirotka would never pitch again, labeled "damaged goods" by then-Toronto GM Gord Ash. Ash believed that Williams did not turn over all information pertaining to Sirotka's shoulder. Ash later appealed the trade to MLB Commissioner Bud Selig, but Selig refused to overturn the trade. Sirotka underwent major reconstructive shoulder surgery in April 2001 and an arthroscopic procedure in July 2002 in an attempt to get off the disabled list, but neither surgery was successful. The Blue Jays released him after the 2002 season. In October 2002, Sirotka signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs and was invited to spring training. If he made the Cubs' 25-man major league roster on Opening Day, his contract allowed him to make as much as $4 million with incentives. At the time of the signing, Sirotka attributed his "Shouldergate" injuries to pitching with a hurt elbow late in 2000 for the Sox, followed by pitching six innings in Japan that extended the damage into his shoulder. When shoulder problems persisted during the spring, the Cubs sent Sirotka to minor-league camp on March 26, 2003. While with the White Sox, Sirotka surrendered the sole career hit to country music superstar Garth Brooks, who at the time was participating in spring training with the San Diego Padres. Brooks' spring training hitting record was one hit in 22 at-bats. References External links 1971 births Living people Chicago White Sox players LSU Tigers baseball players Major League Baseball pitchers Baseball players from Houston Gulf Coast White Sox players South Bend White Sox players South Bend Silver Hawks players Birmingham Barons players Nashville Sounds players
Huitang () is a rural town in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. It is surrounded by Fengmuqiao Township on the northwest, Xieleqiao Town on the northeast, and Jinsou Township on the south. As of the 2015 census it had a population of 96,000 and an area of . History Fengmuqiao township and Xieleqiao town merged to Huitang town on November 19, 2015. Administrative division The town is divided into 16 villages and two communities: Tangquan Community () Xie Community () Ningnan () Shuangjian () Huitang () Jinnong () Jiangjun () Zhitian () Shuangpen () Bashi () Xing() Dongting () Xinfeng () Yongxing () Niujiaowan () Gunanqiao () Huaguoshan () Fengmuqiao () Geography The Wu River, a tributary of the Wei River, flows through the town. Dongting Reservoir () is the largest reservoir and largest water body in the town. Culture Huaguxi is the most influential local theater. Transportation Expressway The Changsha-Shaoshan-Loudi Expressway, which runs east through Jinshi Town, Donghutang Town, Huaminglou Town, and Daolin Town to Yuelu District, Changsha, and the west through Jinsou Township, Yueshan Town, Hutian Town to Louxing District, Loudi. Attractions Huitang Hot Spring () and Peace Valley of Mount Dongwu () are scenic spots in the town. Gallery References External links Divisions of Ningxiang Ningxiang
Tajik League is the top division of the Tajikistan Football Federation, it was created in 1992. These are the statistics of the Tajik League in the 2004 season. Table Top scorers External links Tajikistan Higher League seasons 1 Tajik Tajik
Bie or BIE may refer to: Bie, Sweden, a village in Södermanland County Bié Plateau, a highland region in Angola Bié Province in Angola Beijing Institute of Education, a university in China Bureau International des Expositions, the intergovernmental organisation that supervises international exhibitions Bienheuré (Saint Bié), a semi-legendary saint of Vendôme Bureau of Indian Education, a bureau within the US government Black Identity Extremists, a designation coined by the FBI Trionychidae (), softshell turtles People with the surname Amadeus de Bie (1844–1920), Belgian abbot Oskar Bie (1864–1938), German art historian Bie Tingfang (1883–1940), Chinese general Ferdinand Bie (1888–1961), Norwegian track and field athlete Källa Bie (born 1974), Swedish actress Bie Ge (born 1992), Chinese sprinter
Usta wallengrenii is a species of moth in the family Saturniidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia and South Africa. References Moths described in 1859 wallengrenii Moths of Africa
The 2023 Football Championship of Poltava Oblast began on 29 April 2023. Standard Novi Sanzhary are the defending champions. Teams 24 teams are taking part in this years competition. 8 are participating in Vyshcha Liha, which will conduct a usual double round-robin tournament. The other 16 teams are playing in First League, split into two groups of 8. The first stage will also play the usual double round-robin tournament. At the second stage a playoff will be held to determine the champion. On 20 July the calendar for second half of first stage matches was released. Dmytro Lunin, Head of Poltava Oblast Military Administration banned all mass event from 21 August. Due to that order games in the competition to be played 26 and 27 August were postponed. On 16-17 September final matches were played in First league. Top two teams from each group will enter play-off stage. Vyshcha Liha Stadiums and locations Note: Table lists in alphabetical order. Table Results Teams play each other twice on a home and away basis. Goalscorers First League Group A Stadiums and locations Note: Table lists in alphabetical order. Table Results Teams play each other twice on a home and away basis. Goalscorers First League Group B Table Results Teams play each other twice on a home and away basis. Goalscorers First League Play-offs First leg Second leg References Football Poltava Poltava
András Rosztóczy (; born 26 August 1967) is a Hungarian gastroenterologist, medical researcher, and assistant professor. Life He graduated from the Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, Szeged in 1992. He has been working at the First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged (until 2000 Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University) since his graduation. Meanwhile, he was awarded a scholarship to Division of Gastroenterology, the Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine in Baltimore, the United States in 1991 and to Unite Neurogatroenterologie et Nutrition, INRA, Toulouse, France in 2000. He is known for his work in the field of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). He completed his PhD degree in 2008. The title of his doctoral thesis was Clinical evaluation of primary and secondary oesophageal motility disorders: new data on the pathogenesis of cardiac and respiratory manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, the characteristics of motility disorders in patients diabetes mellitus and in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. His supervisor was Prof. Tibor Wittmann. He is responsible for English-language medical education. His lecture of the second semester in the academic year 2012/13 is Internal Medicine Practice. He joined the editorial board of Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Sciences as Review Editor. Personal life His father, István Rosztóczy was a Hungarian microbiologist, medical researcher and blood donor organizer. His paternal grandfather, Ernő Rosztóczy, senior (1899–1969) was a physician. His mother is Zsuzsanna Czapf. He has a sibling. His younger brother, Péter Rosztóczy (born 1978) studied Mathematics and Computer Science at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest. András's wife is Andrea Vass, who works as a cardiologist. They have two children, a daughter named Sára (born 1996) and a son named Csaba (born 2002). He is a devoted hiker. Selected works Papers Rosztóczy, András, Kovács L, Wittmann T, Lonovics J, Pokorny G. Manometric assessment of impaired esophageal motor function in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001; 19: 147–152. IF: 2.366 Rosztóczy, András, Róka R, Várkonyi TT, Lengyel C, Izbéki F, Lonovics J, Wittmann T. Regional differences in the manifestation of gastrointestinal motor disorders in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. Z Gastroenterol. 2004; 42: 1295–1300. IF: 0.800 Róka R, Rosztóczy, András, Izbéki F, Taybani Z., Kiss I., Lonovics J, Wittmann T. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion. 2005; 71: 92–96. IF: 1.826 Rosztóczy, András, Vass A, Izbéki F, Nemes A, Rudas L, Csanády M, Lonovics J, Forster T, Wittmann T. The evaluation of gastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophagocardiac reflex in patients with angina-like chest pain following cardiologic investigations. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 118: 62–68. IF: 1.765 Kiss I, Rosztóczy András, Wittmann T, Papós M, Fehér A, Csernay L, Lonovics J: New radiologic method for evaluation of motility disorders in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Z. Gastroenterol. 1994; 32: 94(A). Rosztóczy András, Fehér A, Vass A, Varga A, Forster T, Molnár I, Wittmann T, Lonovics J: The incidence of ischemic hearth disease and different esophageal motor disorders in suspected esophageal chest pain. Z Gastroenterol. 1997; 35: 399(A). Várkonyi TT., Rosztóczy András, Wittmann T, Tornóczky J, Simon L, Lonovics J. Diabetes mellitus és gastrointestinális motilitás. Hippocrates. 2000; 2: 217–221. Zöllei É, Paprika D, Wittmann T, Rosztóczy András, Róka R, Zingl Z, Rudas L. Oesophageal acid stimulation in humans: Does it alter baroreflex function? Acta Phys Hung. 2003; 90: 109–114. Róka R, Wittmann T, Rosztóczy András, Rudas L, Lonovics J. The role of esophagocardiac reflex in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm: a case report. Z Gastroenterol. 2003; 41: 455(A). Rosztóczy András, Vass A, Izbéki F, Kurucsai G, Róka R, Horváth T, Lonovics J, Forster T, Wittmann T. Savas gastrooesophagealis reflux által provokált coronariaspazmus kórképe. Magyar Belorv Arch. 2006; 59: 203–206. Rosztóczy, András. Extraoesophagealis reflux betegség. A tünetek patofiziológiai háttere, a diagnózis és kezelés lehetőségei. Lege Artis Medicinae. 2007; 17: 205–211. Annaházi A, Róka R, Izbéki F, Lonovics J, Wittmann T, Rosztóczy András. Többcsatornás nyelıcsı impedancia-méréssel igazolt krónikus köhögést okozó, döntően nem savas gastrooesophagealis reflux esete. Magyar Belorv Arch. 2007; 60: 357–361. Rosztóczy András, Makk L, Izbéki F, Róka R, Somfay A, Wittmann T. Asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Clinical evaluation of oesophago-bronchial reflex and proximal reflux. Digestion. 2008; 78: Book Rosztóczy, András & Tibor Wittmann: Refluxbetegség – gyomorsav okozta bántalmak (Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)) = Zsolt Tulassay & László Simon (eds.): Gasztroenterológia (Gastroenterology), SpringMed, Budapest, 2005. Doctoral thesis References External links 1967 births Academic staff of the University of Szeged Hungarian gastroenterologists Living people 20th-century Hungarian physicians 21st-century Hungarian physicians
The Wellington Strait () (not to be confused with Wellington Channel) is a natural waterway through the central Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the territory of Nunavut. It separates the Tennent Islands (to the west) from Matty Island (to the east). To the north, the strait opens into the James Ross Strait; to the south it opens into the Rae Strait. The strait is covered in ice as soon as early August, but lacks icebergs. References Straits of Kitikmeot Region
Resavica () is a village situated in Despotovac municipality in Serbia. Populated places in Pomoravlje District
May Hollinworth (1 May 1895 – 19 November 1968) was an Australian theatre producer and director, former radio actress, and founder of the Metropolitan Theatre in Sydney. The daughter of a theatrical producer, she was introduced to the theatre at a young age. She graduated with a science degree, and worked in the chemistry department of the University of Sydney, before being appointed as director of the Sydney University Dramatic Society, a post she held from 1929 until 1943 She founded her own company the Metropolitan Theatre, which she directed from 1944 to 1950 in which she presented a range of dramatic works, from Shakespeare and other classics, to contemporary plays from Australia and around the world. She premiered several Australian plays. She retired from the Metropolitan Theatre in 1950 due to illness, but was later invited to direct plays at the Independent Theatre and the Elizabethan Theatre in Sydney. She had a reputation as a superb producer, known for her highly effective use of lighting, and her abilities to arrange actors on stage to convey dramatic meaning visually, to overcome the challenges of large and small stages with minimal facilities, and to select and nurture a cast. Many actors who became notable in Australia and other countries played under her direction at the start of their careers. Early life and education Hollinworth was born in the Sydney suburb of Homebush to William Haley Harper Hollinworth, a wool clerk, employee of the Australasian Mortgage and Agency Company, and theatre producer, and his wife Alice Ida Louisa (née Dansie or Dansey). Hollinworth made her first stage appearance at the age of two. While training in dance, she broke a leg, and the injury and subsequent weight gain terminated her aspirations in that field. In 1921, she appeared in a production of Euripides' The Trojan Women staged by Grace Stafford, a prominent teacher of speech and drama. She was also associated with companies led by Australian actor and director Gregan McMahon, English actor-manager Cyril Maude, Australian actor Julius Knight, and English Shakespearean actor Allan Wilkie. She attributed much of her acting ability and production knowledge to the two English actors, and followed the traditions of the Frank Benson school of acting. Hollinworth was a science graduate, and worked as a demonstrator in chemistry at the University of Sydney. She was also an amateur photographer, and her interest in the theatre developed further through working on the properties of light and colour. Career In 1926 and 1927, while employed in the chemistry department at Sydney University, Hollinworth acted in and directed several plays for the Sydney University Dramatic Society (S.U.D.S.) amateur theatre group. In 1927, with Hollinworth directing, S.U.D.S. entered the Sydney Repertory Society One Act Play Competition with The Maker of Dreams by Oliphant Down, and won first prize of £20. Hollinworth also directed the S.U.D.S. in a controversial performance of As You Like It, staged with modern dress and accessories, including a radio (or "wireless") and cigarettes. One review of the production commented that "now and again, 'As You Like It' becomes recognisable through this veil of modern customs and modern manners", but did concede that it had "been handled delicately". The Sydney Morning Herald sought to "defend the modernists against the charge of artistic heresy", pointing out that "On the stage there is no such thing as realism. All is based on illusion." Their reviewer also observed that "the audience, after the initial feeling of strangeness ... were not conscious of any incongruity." Director of the Sydney University Dramatic Society, 1929–1943 In 1929, Hollinworth was appointed director of the Sydney University Dramatic Society, a post she held for fourteen years. Her first production following her appointment was Aristophanes' The Frogs. She selected both classics and contemporary plays from Australia and other countries. Under her direction, the S.U.D.S. received many favourable reviews of their "splendidly mounted productions". They were an amateur drama group, comprising a changing cast of students and some former students, and in some plays their inexperience was noted as lacking animation or not making the lines meaningful. However, Hollinworth was noted as "a wizard with lighting effects", and for her "ability to translate drama .. into haunting stage action and pictures." She creatively overcame the challenges of the stages available to the group: in tiny theatres, she was able to create an impression of space, while on the large stage of the Sydney University Great Hall, lacking a proscenium or curtains, she used spotlights to concentrate the focus, and gave the role of scene arranger to characters within the play (such as Feste in Twelfth Night), or dressed the stage hands as servants in period costume (as in a 1940 production of School for Scandal). One reviewer considered that "the society is doing some of the best work by amateurs to be seen in Sydney at present." Another commented, "This clever producer likes something that requires imagination and originality in setting and lighting", while another wondered, "It would be interesting to see what Miss Hollinworth could do with a professional cast – something outstanding is indicated." In 1943, Hollinworth resigned from the S.U.D.S. Her final production as director of the group was the stage debut of Ned Kelly by Australian poet Douglas Stewart. Selected S.U.D.S. productions Freelance directing and acting in radio drama During the years in which Hollinworth worked for the Sydney University Dramatic Society, she also directed some other plays on a freelance basis. Among these were Day Must Break, a first play by Scottish-Australian playwright Alexander Connell, presented in 1937 by the J. C. Williamson company at the Theatre Royal. The Sydney Mail announced that Hollinworth would be "the first Australian woman to produce a professional play" at that theatre. A reviewer commented that, while the subject of the play was profound, the plot was flimsy and some of the acting melodramatic; however, Hollinworth "had provided an attractively simple setting". She formed the Leonardo Theatre Group in 1935, and with them she directed productions of Lucrece (1935) and Beggar on Horseback by George S. Kaufman and Marc Connelly (1935). A Sydney Morning Herald reviewer expressed surprise "that [Beggar on Horseback] reached as high a standard as it did", continuing "Miss May Hollinworth has already given evidence of resourcefulness and imagination as producer for amateurs". She was the producer of The Thirty-Eight Theatre, an amateur group which formed in 1938, which gave play-readings as well as two stage productions, Dodie Smith's Bonnet Over the Windmill in May 1939, and Rosamond Lehmann's No More Music in August 1939. A review of Bonnet Over the Windmill commented, "Much of the credit for the success of the presentation must go to the producer, May Hollinworth, who, in several recent productions, has proved her ability to handle casts with skill and judgment." Hollinworth worked with the Impressionist Theatre company, as director or as stage manager, for a number of productions, including Cyrano de Bergerac and Death Takes a Holiday. She also directed pageants for mission societies, Christmas plays and performances by school associations, and, in 1930 and 1934, fundraising performances for what was then called the Sydney Industrial Blind Institution, including a production of Marguerite Dale's play Meet as Lovers. The Australian Women's Weekly described Hollinworth in 1937 as "among the many well known personalities on the air". From the late 1920s, she had acted in radio dramas broadcast on the Australian Broadcasting Commission's station 2FC. Productions included The Tomb of Osiris by John Pickard in 1929, and The Man Who Stayed at Home by J. E. Harold Terry and Lechmere Worrall in 1931. The Metropolitan Players and the Metropolitan Theatre, 1944–1950 In 1944, Hollinworth founded the Metropolitan Players. Among the founding members were actors who had appeared in Hollinworth S.U.D.S. productions, including Alathea Siddons, a science graduate from Sydney University, who, as a former student, had appeared in The Frogs (1940), Cousin Muriel (1941) and Julius Caesar (1941); Lyndall Barbour; Bruce Beeby; and Kevin Brennan. Others in the first year who later became well-known included Carlotta Kalmar; John Dease; Leo McKern; Jane Holland; and Enid Lorimer. Their first performances were given to entertain troops at suburban halls and an army hospital. Initially, the Players did not have their own theatre. Performances were held on a subscription basis at a suburban hall in Killara, a suburb on the North Shore of Sydney, where a new amateur theatrical group, the Kuringai Theatre Guild, had just been formed, with O. D. Bisset as chairman. Two early plays, The First Mrs. Fraser and Dangerous Corner, were reported to have audiences numbering 1200 and 1500, respectively. In 1946, Hollinworth opened the Metropolitan Theatre in an upstairs room in Reiby Place, in the warehouse district of Circular Quay, Sydney, with "an excellent production of Othello. " As the theatre was tiny (it seated seventy), seats were again sold by subscription. Additional performances, open to the public, were given at other venues, often a church hall (also tiny) in the inner Sydney suburb of Darlinghurst. As at S.U.D.S, Hollinworth presented a range of drama with the Metropolitan Players. She included at least one Australian play each year, including premieres of The First Joanna (winner of the Playwrights' Advisory Board competition) and Douglas Stewart's Shipwreck. She intended to produce all of Shakespeare's major plays, believing that there was no better experience for actors than playing Shakespearian character parts. During this period, Hollinworth received acknowledgement of her work from reviewers, audience, critics and theatre staff. In 1944, "[at] a luncheon, given by J. C. Williamson's stage manager .. for May Hollinsworth [sic], ... a rare tribute was paid her. Stage hands and cast declared that through her good management it was made the happiest season they had ever played." One reviewer described her in 1945 as "known for her special skill in integrating the broad, thematic currents of a play"; another wrote in 1946, "the Metropolitan is doing some very fine work which deserves attention ... A well-knit team gave a very satisfactory performance ... the numerous small parts were carefully cast and integrated ... the atmosphere of the period and setting was captured." In a 1947 profile of the company, Pix magazine wrote, "May Hollinworth is distinguished in the world of serious theatre. If she were working in England or America, by now she would have won national acclaim. Many people who have worked under her direction have made names for themselves in radio ... Given the chance, Miss Hollinworth and her Metropolitans could contribute on a large scale to our culture." George Johnston in 1947 described Hollinworth as "a woman with sharp eyes, sharp ears, a tongue that can be encouraging or caustic, an apparently inexhaustible fund of energy, a compelling personality", and quoted Professor Alan Stout of Sydney University as saying, "If the Commonwealth Government really wants to get anywhere with a National Theatre, it should choose May Hollinworth . . . who produces the best work in Sydney. She is a superb producer." English journalist David E. Walker described Hollinworth in his book We Went to Australia (1949) as "a large woman with large ideas", and wrote, "Competent and unprejudiced critics have said of .. May Hollinworth, that her productions compare favourably with many that grace Shaftesbury Avenue and New York." Reviewers did not hesitate to comment on what they considered mistakes, however. Leslie Rees wrote of a performance of Twelfth Night in 1946, "I count it a grave error on Miss Hollinworth's part to require [David Saxby's Sir Andrew] to sustain a monotonous and unfunny falsetto." A Sydney Morning Herald reviewer of Romeo and Juliet in 1949 considered that "Betty Lucas was miscast as Juliet. She spoke in a high-pitched voice which was difficult to follow, and did not convey the innocence, poetry, and freshness of the part." Several writers lamented the limitations of the Reiby Place venue. In 1947, George Johnston wrote, "May Hollinworth's .. pint-size theatre can be found at the end of some squalid wooden stairs in a building surrounded by waterfront warehouses. It can accommodate only a meagre audience. ... Yet this fragment can see drama equal to some of the best in the world. It can see first-class performances of Shakespeare. It can see plays of W. B. Yeats that otherwise would remain unperformed in this country. It can see such plays as ... Douglas Stewart's own splendid Australian drama, "Ned Kelly", which surely deserved a better premiere than an audience of 70 in an upstairs room overlooking empty garbage-bins, an unlighted lane, and a rather limp-looking hamburger stand." Another reviewer wrote, "May Hollinworth, who has to wrestle with the limitations of a severely cramped stage and a small stuffy room, deserves at least air conditioning, and at best translation to a more spacious and sound-proof realm for the working of her magic unhampered by the noise of dust-bins and by the soporific discomfort of wedged-in humanity." Despite this, the Metropolitan Theatre was "considered one of the finest training grounds for young artists in Australia". Actors who belonged to the Metropolitan Players during the remaining years of Hollinworth's directorship and later became notable included Betty Lucas, David Cahill, Gerry Duggan, H. G. Kippax, Dinah Shearing, Robin Lovejoy, Redmond Phillips, Richard Meikle, and John Meillon. Hollinworth had some opportunities to present to larger audiences. In 1944, she directed J.C. Williamson's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Theatre Royal, which was seen by more than 12,000 Sydney children. In 1947, she staged Shakespeare's As You Like It at an open air theatre in a city park in Sydney, to an audience of more than one thousand. The following year, an article about children's theatre in Australia reported that Hollinworth planned to present an annual series of open-air performances in school grounds across Sydney city. George Johnston reported that she planned "to establish a full-time touring repertory company to give performances of the best drama to the school children in New South Wales .. envisag[ing] 84 performances a year to more than 100,000 school children". While Hollinworth did not fully realise this plan, in 1949, the company toured seventeen towns in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, performing Twelfth Night at matinees for school students, and The Rivals and Priestley's Laburnum Grove in the evening. Hollinworth hoped that, "In this way, .. theatre will be built in Australia. Not only will interest be stimulated, but a living will be given to our young artists." In 1949 also, the Metropolitan Theatre moved to new premises in the hall of Christ Church St. Laurence, Pitt St, with a capacity of two hundred seats. This enabled the company to increase its subscription from 1000 to 4000. The first production there was considered by critics as disappointing, due in part to difficulties adapting from a tiny auditorium to a larger one. The next production, the premiere of Douglas Stewart's play Shipwreck, was however considered impressive. Selected Metropolitan productions Illness, retirement and guest directing Hollinworth became seriously ill during rehearsals for the Metropolitan Theatre's September 1950 production, Raymond, Lord of Milan (which had been published in Sydney in 1851 and produced once, in 1863). She was hospitalised, and forced to hand over direction of the play to its star, Nigel Lovell. Benefit performances for a May Hollinworth Testimonial Fund were held by the Metropolitan Theatre and other Little Theatres. It was hoped that Hollinworth would return to directing the following year; however, her retirement from the Metropolitan Players was permanent. By 1955, her health had improved, and she was invited to direct at Doris Fitton's Independent Theatre. Among her productions there were Peter Ustinov's The Love Of Four Colonels in 1955 ("producer May Hollinworth back at production after five years of illness and obscurity knew how to win stylish teamwork from resourceful players in loading up and triggering the Ustinov wit"); I Am a Camera, also in 1955 (about which one reviewer wrote "May Hollinworth [..] took over from Miss Fitton when the production was in its early stages. In her own right each is a capable producer but the two styles did not mix, unfortunately, and the result was one of the most mundane productions to come from this theatre for some time"); Tennessee Williams' The Rose Tattoo in 1956 (described as "a most lively and finished production by May Hollinworth, with precision and excellence of detail rare in repertory work"); William Inge's Come Back, Little Sheba in 1957 ("another achievement for May Hollinworth as producer, and an achievement for the well-knit cast ... [they] fully earn the enthusiastic applause and the excellent house"); and Do You Know the Milky Way? by Karl Wittlinger in 1964 ("James Dibble and Robert Levis .... both .. achieved complete credibility in .. a play remarkable for its cohesion all well tended by the producer, Miss May Hollingworth." In 1957, Hollinworth was invited by the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust to direct the world premiere in Sydney of Richard Beynon's play The Shifting Heart, which had won the 1956 Journalists' Award in Australia, and third prize in the Observer play competition in London. This fully professional production, in which the author played a key role, was considered "close to [a] spectacular success", in which Hollinworth "directed her strong cast with sensitiveness and strength". Hollinworth also directed the play on its Newcastle and Canberra tours the following year; in the latter, a reviewer considered that she "has used pace and vigour to take her through the difficulties in the script, giving a compelling picture of characters in action." Hollinworth experienced ill health again from 1963, and the 1964 production of Do You Know the Milky Way? was the last that she directed. In her later years, she was patron of the Pocket Playhouse Theatre, Sydenham, adjudicated at the British Drama League Festival, and joined the All Nations Club, which promoted cultural exchange between established and New Australians. In her will, she left her house at Stanmore, "Hollinworth", to what was then the Adult Deaf and Dumb Society of New South Wales (now the Deaf Society of New South Wales). Hollinworth died in Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, on 19 November 1968; her funeral, according to Anglican rites, was held at the Northern Suburbs Crematorium, Sydney. Recognition A bronze plaque commemorating May Hollinworth is affixed to the wall at the site of the Metropolitan Theatre, 1 Loftus Street, Sydney (in the 2010s, the Paragon Hotel). References Further reading Hunter, Richard. Sydney's Little Theatres 1945 to 1955: with special reference to The Metropolitan Theatre. Thesis, School of Drama, University of New South Wales, 1981 External links Biographical cuttings on May Hollinworth at the National Library of Australia 1895 births 1968 deaths Australian stage actresses Australian theatre directors Australian women theatre directors Australian theatre managers and producers Actresses from Sydney 20th-century Australian actresses
The AAA Contest Board was the motorsports arm of the American Automobile Association. The contest board sanctioned automobile races from 1904 until 1955, establishing American Championship car racing. Modern-day IndyCar racing traces its roots directly to these AAA events. All of the races at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway during that time period were sanctioned by AAA, including the Indianapolis 500. AAA sanctioned the 1905 National Motor Car Championship, the first national championship for major auto racing. It sanctioned the National Championship in 1916, and then from 1920 to 1955. It also sanctioned the Vanderbilt Cup. The AAA Contest Board dissolved and decided to focus strictly on helping the automobiling public, as a result of the 1955 Le Mans disaster. History AAA was established in Chicago, Illinois on 4 March 1902. By June the same year, AAA also established the Racing Board. Arthur Rayner Pardington was appointed chairman and the board sanctioned its first race, the 1904 Vanderbilt Cup held in Long Island, New York. It is unclear as to why William Vanderbilt had AAA sanction his race as opposed to the Automobile Club of America, the predominant sanctioning body for major U.S. racing at the time. With the success of the racing board's experience sanctioning automobile events in 1904, the board announced a national track championship for 1905. The National Motor Car Championship was the first time in American racing history that a points system was used to officially decide an annual champion. From 1906 through 1915 the racing board, inexplicably, recognized no official championship seasons. It did, however, continue to sanction numerous individual events, the Vanderbilt Cup and events at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1908, the Automobile Club of America (ACA) created the American Grand Prize, the first traces of Grand Prix style racing in the U.S. along with the then established Vanderbilt Cup. This race started a feud between the ACA and AAA. Later in 1908 it was decided that AAA would sanction all big time racing nationally and the ACA would sanction all international events held on American soil. On 2 December 1908, AAA dissolved the Racing Board and created the Contest Board soon after. Though the rationale for this decision has been lost with time, the move was most likely done to allow AAA to oversee all automobile events and not just racing contests. The Manufacturers Contest Association (MCA) urged AAA to organize racing so American manufacturers could race mostly stock configuration cars and ban the pure race cars being imported from Europe. The stock car style rules continued until 1916, when the Contest Board relaxed the rules allowing purpose built machines back into competition ahead of its next officially recognized championship season in 1916. Although AAA did not award national champions during 1906 through 1915, the American automobile journal Motor Age published who they regarded the most outstanding American driver during the years of 1909–1915. These picks have become de facto national champions of the day. During World War I, AAA suspended the national championship and almost stopped sanctioning races as a whole. This time also saw the demise of the American Grand Prize and the ACA totally folded during the war. American manufacturers saw the absence of European racers, and the relaxed rules due to no national level sanctioning as a chance for the U.S. to catch up to the European racers who had dominated racing internationally up until that point. The Contest Board picked up the pieces and regularly held national championships from 1920 until the outbreak of World War II in 1941. After World War I, the race car specifications for the national championship were mostly aligned with what the Indianapolis Motor Speedway wanted to run during its Memorial Day classic, and this still holds mostly true today. AAA, again, restarted the championship with the close of the war for the 1946 season and continued uninterrupted through 1955. After that season, AAA completely pulled out of auto racing, citing the Le Mans disaster and the death of Bill Vukovich at Indianapolis as contributing factors. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway and other Midwestern promoters formed a "Temporary Emergency Committee," later known as the United States Auto Club, to replace the AAA. At the international level, the Automobile Competition Committee for the United States (AACUS) replaced the AAA Contest Board as the national sporting authority per FIA. During the last half of the Racing Boards existence they sanctioned many forms of racing such as midgets, sprint cars, sports cars and stock cars as well as top level championship car racing. National Championship results Contemporary publication selections Controversy Between the years of 1902 and 1919, although AAA sanctioned many races, an official national championship was only awarded in 1905 and 1916. On two separate occasions, Contest Board record keepers changed the results of certain seasons, and calculated retrospective national championships for years in which one was not awarded. These actions have made it difficult to distinguish fact from fiction regarding AAA sanctioned national racing. Retrospectively awarded champions In 1927 Arthur Means, the Assistant Secretary of the AAA Contest Board, with the approval of Secretary Val Haresnape, retrospectively calculated championship results for major AAA-sanctioned races run between 1909 and 1915 and for 1917 to 1920. The pair also initially changed the 1920 championship winner to Tommy Milton, but by no later than 1929 had restored Gaston Chevrolet. In 1951 Russ Catlin officially revised AAA records with results based on all AAA races from 1902 to 1919, and first published his list in the 1952 Indianapolis 500 program. Using his own devised system of awarding championship points, this had the effect of retroactively creating seven new champions and changing the 1909 champion from Bert Dingley to George Robertson and the 1920 champion from Gaston Chevrolet to Tommy Milton. IndyCar currently recognizes Russ Catlin's list from 1909 to 1919, but with Gaston Chevrolet as champion for 1920. Each year from 1909 to 1915 and in 1919, the American automobile journal Motor Age selected a "driver of the year". Likewise, other contemporary publications such as The Horseless Age, MoToR, The New York Times, and Los Angeles Times made similar selections. All retrospectively awarded championships named by Haresnape & Means and Catlin are unequivocally considered unofficial by accredited historians and statisticians. Furthermore, some consider them revisionist history, and discredit the entire effort made by both parties as illegitimate, unnecessary, fictional, and not consistent with contemporary accounts. These actions have made it difficult to distinguish fact from fiction regarding AAA sanctioned national racing in that proper handbooks and official statistical supplement still partially intermix the revisionist accounts with official record. Harsnape and Means originally awarded the 1920 championship to Milton, but subsequently reverted to Chevrolet. See also American Automobile Association American Championship Car Racing United States Auto Club Sports Car Club of America Automobile Racing Club of America References Open wheel racing American Automobile Association 1902 establishments in the United States 1955 disestablishments in the United States Organizations established in 1902 Organizations disestablished in 1955
McLain Airstrip, also known as Guimaras Airstrip or Guimaras Airport (Filipino: Paliparan ng Guimaras, Hiligaynon: Hulugpaan sang Guimaras), is an airstrip located at Brgy. McLain, Buenavista, Guimaras. Envisioned as the future unified international airport for the cities of Bacolod and Iloilo by former Guimaras Gov. Emily R. Lopez, the project was mothballed mainly because of the opening of the international airports in Cabatuan, Iloilo, serving Iloilo City, and Silay City, serving Bacolod City, and when Gov. Lopez retired from politics in 2004. Current Use Last April 17, 2013, the airport was opened to serve as a campus of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics (PhilSCA), in partnership with Guimaras State College and the Provincial Government of Guimaras. A memorandum was signed with the Lopez Family, owners of the land where the airport situated, represented by industrialist Oscar Lopez, for public use of the airport. PhilSCA will be tasked with renovating and completing the aerodrome facilities of the airport. Commercial Flight According to former Guimaras Gov. Felipe Hilan Nava, the airport is being planned for seasonal or limited regular commercial operations to boost the tourism industry of the province. References Airports in the Philippines Buildings and structures in Guimaras
Yellow star-of-Bethlehem is a common name for several plants and may refer to: Gagea lutea, a Eurasian flowering plant species in the family Liliaceae Gagea pratensis, a European and Mediterranean plant species in the lily family
KWKK (100.9 FM) is a radio station airing an adult contemporary format licensed to Russellville, Arkansas. The station is owned by Bobby Caldwell's East Arkansas Broadcasters, through licensee EAB of Russellville, LLC. Formerly owned by Max Media, KWKK and five other stations were sold to East Arkansas Broadcasters for $3 million; the transaction was consummated on January 9, 2014. References External links KWKK's official website Mainstream adult contemporary radio stations in the United States WKK Russellville, Arkansas 1985 establishments in Arkansas Radio stations established in 1985
rabble.ca is an alternative, left-leaning English-language Canadian online magazine founded in 2001. It features podcasts, videos and a discussion board called babble. History Judy Rebick and Mark Surman founded rabble.ca on April 18, 2001. The launch coincided with the Summit of the Americas in Quebec, and rabble covered the Summit during its first week of operation. Anti-globalization activist Jaggi Singh became one of the website's most active contributors. Due to his participation in protests at the Summit of the Americas he was jailed for offences including possession of a weapon. Rabble, along with other left-wing organisations and activists, wrote an open letter calling for his release. Upon its launch, the website raised $200,000, which included $120,000 from the Atkinson Foundation. On September 7, 2008, rabble.ca launched a multi-author election blog. The blog featuring authors such as Maude Barlow and the Council of Canadians and organizations such as the Rideau Institute. Contributors Judy Rebick, Naomi Klein, Francine Pelletier, Anna Dashtgard, Patty Barrera, Priscilla Settee, Penney Kome, Doris Anderson, Ann Shin and Sandra DeLaronde were among the original contributors at the launch of the website. Judy Rebick retired in 2006 and was replaced by Amnesty International member Kim Elliott. Former Financial Post columnist Murray Dobbin is the guest senior contributing editor for rabble.ca. The advisory committee of rabble.ca is composed of Dave Mitchell, Fred Wilson, John Urquhart, Linda McQuaig, Lynn Coady, and Sharon Fraser. Reception rabble.ca has received both praise and criticism from a range of media analysts. Shauna Rempel of the Toronto Star praised Rabble for its use of the Internet to propel activism, while journalist Colby Cosh dismissed it as "a hobby for Judy Rebick [...] on the Canadian left" and a "vanity web project". References External links Magazines established in 2001 Canadian political websites Canadian podcasters Anti-globalization movement Online magazines published in Canada Podcasting companies
In mathematics, a Pfister form is a particular kind of quadratic form, introduced by Albrecht Pfister in 1965. In what follows, quadratic forms are considered over a field F of characteristic not 2. For a natural number n, an n-fold Pfister form over F is a quadratic form of dimension 2n that can be written as a tensor product of quadratic forms for some nonzero elements a1, ..., an of F. (Some authors omit the signs in this definition; the notation here simplifies the relation to Milnor K-theory, discussed below.) An n-fold Pfister form can also be constructed inductively from an (n−1)-fold Pfister form q and a nonzero element a of F, as . So the 1-fold and 2-fold Pfister forms look like: . For n ≤ 3, the n-fold Pfister forms are norm forms of composition algebras. In that case, two n-fold Pfister forms are isomorphic if and only if the corresponding composition algebras are isomorphic. In particular, this gives the classification of octonion algebras. The n-fold Pfister forms additively generate the n-th power I n of the fundamental ideal of the Witt ring of F. Characterizations A quadratic form q over a field F is multiplicative if, for vectors of indeterminates x and y, we can write q(x).q(y) = q(z) for some vector z of rational functions in the x and y over F. Isotropic quadratic forms are multiplicative. For anisotropic quadratic forms, Pfister forms are multiplicative, and conversely. For n-fold Pfister forms with n ≤ 3, this had been known since the 19th century; in that case z can be taken to be bilinear in x and y, by the properties of composition algebras. It was a remarkable discovery by Pfister that n-fold Pfister forms for all n are multiplicative in the more general sense here, involving rational functions. For example, he deduced that for any field F and any natural number n, the set of sums of 2n squares in F is closed under multiplication, using that the quadratic form is an n-fold Pfister form (namely, ). Another striking feature of Pfister forms is that every isotropic Pfister form is in fact hyperbolic, that is, isomorphic to a direct sum of copies of the hyperbolic plane . This property also characterizes Pfister forms, as follows: If q is an anisotropic quadratic form over a field F, and if q becomes hyperbolic over every extension field E such that q becomes isotropic over E, then q is isomorphic to aφ for some nonzero a in F and some Pfister form φ over F. Connection with K-theory Let kn(F) be the n-th Milnor K-group modulo 2. There is a homomorphism from kn(F) to the quotient In/In+1 in the Witt ring of F, given by where the image is an n-fold Pfister form. The homomorphism is surjective, since the Pfister forms additively generate In. One part of the Milnor conjecture, proved by Orlov, Vishik and Voevodsky, states that this homomorphism is in fact an isomorphism . That gives an explicit description of the abelian group In/In+1 by generators and relations. The other part of the Milnor conjecture, proved by Voevodsky, says that kn(F) (and hence In/In+1) maps isomorphically to the Galois cohomology group Hn(F, F2). Pfister neighbors A Pfister neighbor is an anisotropic form σ which is isomorphic to a subform of aφ for some nonzero a in F and some Pfister form φ with dim φ < 2 dim σ. The associated Pfister form φ is determined up to isomorphism by σ. Every anisotropic form of dimension 3 is a Pfister neighbor; an anisotropic form of dimension 4 is a Pfister neighbor if and only if its discriminant in F/(F)2 is trivial. A field F has the property that every 5-dimensional anisotropic form over F is a Pfister neighbor if and only if it is a linked field. Notes References , Ch. 10 Quadratic forms
Darszyce () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoty, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Płoty, east of Gryfice, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. References Darszyce
Iago Bouzón Amoedo (born 16 March 1983) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a versatile defender. Club career Born in Redondela, Province of Pontevedra, Bouzón made his professional debut for local powerhouse RC Celta de Vigo four days shy of his 17th birthday, but would only appear in four first-team games in his first five years combined, playing mainly with the reserves. In his last season he also featured very sparingly, as the Galicians returned to La Liga after one year out. Bouzón signed with Recreativo de Huelva in 2005, initially on loan. He was an important defensive element for an Andalusian side that achieved top flight promotion in the 2005–06 campaign. In late June 2010, after experiencing one of his best seasons as a professional – 30 matches, two goals, although Recre only finished in ninth position in the second division – Bouzón signed as a free agent with AC Omonia of Cyprus, for two years. In November, he suffered a serious injury that sidelined him for eight months. Bouzón subsequently returned to Spain and its second level, representing Xerez CD, Córdoba CF and Gimnàstic de Tarragona. He promoted to the top division with the second club at the end of 2013–14, contributing to the feat with 32 appearances and one goal. Honours Club Omonia Cypriot Cup: 2010–11, 2011–12 Cypriot Super Cup: 2010 International Spain U20 FIFA U-20 World Cup: Runner-up 2003 References External links 1983 births Living people Spanish men's footballers Footballers from Redondela Men's association football defenders La Liga players Segunda División players Segunda División B players Tercera División players RC Celta Fortuna players RC Celta de Vigo players Recreativo de Huelva players Xerez CD footballers Córdoba CF players Gimnàstic de Tarragona footballers Cypriot First Division players AC Omonia players Spain men's youth international footballers Spain men's under-21 international footballers Spanish expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
James Johnston Stoker (March 2, 1905 – October 19, 1992) was an American applied mathematician and engineer. He was director of the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and is considered one of the founders of the institute, Courant and Friedrichs being the others. Stoker is known for his work in differential geometry and theory of water waves. He is also the author of the now classic book Water Waves: The Mathematical Theory with Applications. Career Hailing from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Stoker started his career as a mining engineer. In the 1930s, he went to Zürich to pursue a doctorate in mechanics at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich. One of the first courses he took there was by Heinz Hopf on geometry. Stoker was so impressed by the subject, and the teacher, that he switched his doctoral programme to differential geometry He received his Ph.D. degree under the supervision of Hopf and George Pólya. Hopf later recommended Stoker to Richard Courant. In 1937 Stoker, along with Courant's former student Kurt O. Friedrichs, joined Courant in the Department of Mathematics at the New York University. With Stoker's engineering background and Friedrichs' mastery in mathematics, the two were effectively collaborated on many applied problems such as plate theory. On Courant's retirement in 1958 Stoker succeeded him as director and served until 1966. It was during Stoker's period as director, the Institute acquired greater autonomy within the University framework. It became the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in 1965. Friedrichs succeeded Stoker as director in 1966. Honors and awards The American Mathematical Society selected Stoker as the Josiah Willards Gibbs lecturer for 1961. In 1970, Stoker received the Timoshenko Medal in recognition of distinguished contributions to the field of applied mechanics. Books Differential Geometry, Wiley-Interscience (1989). Water Waves: The Mathematical Theory with Applications, Wiley-Interscience (1957). 1992 pbk reprint Stoker's book on "Water Waves" is a significant work which summarises the state of knowledge in water wave theory in 1957. The focus is on linear wave theory. Nonlinear Vibrations in Mechanical and Electrical Systems, Wiley-Interscience (1950). References External links James J. Stoker's obituary at the New York Times Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty ETH Zurich alumni 20th-century American mathematicians 1905 births 1992 deaths American textbook writers
Joan Martinez Alier (born 1939, Barcelona, Spain) is a Catalan economist, Emeritus Professor of Economics and Economic History and researcher at ICTA at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. He has made important contributions in ecological economics and political ecology, which he synthesised in his work on environmentalism of the poor. Biography Martinez Alier has a Lic. Economics, Universitat de Barcelona (1961), after which he went abroad to escape Francoist Spain, and studied agricultural economics at Oxford University and Stanford. He then received a scholarship to return to Oxford (B.Litt. St Antony's College, 1967). His PhD was in Economics from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (1976). He cooperated with the exile publishing house Ruedo Iberico in Paris between 1966 and 1979. He remained as a researcher at St. Antony's College Oxford into the early 70s (1966–73 and 1984–85), working on agrarian conflicts, land reform, rural unemployment and the capitalist logic of sharecropping in Southern Spain and also conducting research in Cuba (on smallholders in the early years of Castro's administration); and in Peru (on the hacienda peasantry). He was visiting professor at the State University of Campinas (Brasil) in 1974, before returning to his home town to join the Department of Economics and Economic History at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in Spain, in 1975. He has also been a visitor at the Free University of Berlin (1980–81), Stanford University, the University of California, Davis (1988–89), Yale University (1999-2001), and FLACSO Sede-Ecuador (1994–95 and 2007–15). He directed the CEECEC and EJOLT research projects on ecological economics and political ecology between 2008 and 2015. He is officially retired from AUB, but still professionally active and in 2016, aged in his mid 70s, he received a €2 million Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC) for a further five-year project: A Global Environmental Justice Movement - The EJAtlas (www.ejatlas.org). He is a founding member and past president of the International Society for Ecological Economics. He was a member (2000–08) of the European Environment Agency Scientific Committee. Contributions Martinez Alier's interests are agrarian studies, ecological economics and political ecology. In the late seventies Martinez Alier became interested in agricultural energetics and the work of Sergei Podolinsky (1850-1891), publishing a text on this with J.M. Naredo in 1982. He has also described and mapped the anti-extractivist Blockadia movement. He has defined many of the key concepts and approaches in ecological economics. He argues, against neoclassical economists, that the economy is not circular, but entropic. Calculations of social metabolic flows of energy and materials need to figure in neoclassical and marxist economics. Energy is not recycled and materials are only partially recycled - and resource extraction and waste disposal manifest themselves in ecological systems. They are visible through the drawing down of physical resources, pollution, and through socio-ecological distribution conflicts. The latter are hastened by an increase in social metabolism and human appropriation of nature. "In environmental struggles, reproduction of human society and of nature’s functions are more important or just as important as fights over the (purported) economic surplus." Awards Leontief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought, GDAE, 2017 Balzan Prize for Environmental Challenges: Responses from the Social Sciences and the Humanities. 2020. For his exceptional contributions to the foundation of ecological economics, his pathbreaking analysis of the relationships between economies and the environment, his interdisciplinary as well as comparative approach, and his active role in the promotion of environmental justice. Holberg Prize 2023. The 2023 Holberg prize is awarded to Catalan scholar Joan Martinez-Alier for his ground-breaking research in ecological economics, political ecology and environmental justice. Selected books (in English) 1971: Labourers and Landowners in Southern Spain 1977: Haciendas, Plantations and Collective Farms (Cuba and Peru) 1987: Ecological economics: energy, environment and society 1994: The environment as a luxury good or "too poor to be green"? 1996: Getting down to earth: practical applications of ecological economics (with Robert Costanza and Olman Segura) 1997: Varieties of Environmentalism. Essays North and South (with Ramachandra Guha) 2002: The Environmentalism of the Poor: A Study of Ecological Conflicts and Valuation 2007: Rethinking Environmental History: World-Systems History and Global Environmental Change (with Alf Hornborg and John Mc Neill) 2008: Recent Developments in Ecological Economics 2 vols. (with Inge Ropke) 2012: Ecological Economics from the Ground Up (with Hali Healy et al.) 2015: Handbook of Ecological Economics (with Roldan Muradian) 2023: Land, Water, Air and Freedom. The Making of World Movements for Environmental Justice'' Interviews (in English) Interview with Lorenzo Pellegrini in Development & Change, 2012 Ecological Economics, Video Interview at The Montreal Degrowth Conference 2012 ESEE Interview 2023. Leontief-prize/recipients Notes 1939 births Ecological economists Degrowth advocates People associated with criticism of economic growth Living people Political ecologists Economists from Catalonia Academic staff of the Autonomous University of Barcelona Environmental justice scholars Joan Martinez Alier
Aechmea vallerandii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Aechmea. This was for a time called A. beeriana but was reclassified in 2008. It is native to Panama and to northern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Colombia, Peru, northern Brazil). Cultivars Aechmea 'Salvador' Aechmea 'Tropic Torch' References BSI Cultivar Registry Retrieved 11 October 2009 vallerandii Flora of Southern America Flora of Panama Plants described in 1877 Taxa named by Élie-Abel Carrière
Benjamín Roberto "Behn" Holcombe Cervantes (August 25, 1938 – August 13, 2013) was a Filipino artist and activist. He was highly regarded as a theater pioneer, teacher, and progressive thinker who was detained multiple times during martial law in the Philippines. He directed the film Sakada (1976), about the struggle of Negrense peasants at a sugarcane plantation. Copies of the film were seized by the military under the Marcos dictatorship. Musical scorer Lutgardo Labad described the film as "a major cinematic coup that unearthed the inhuman conditions of our people then." In 1981, the film won a Dekada Award for Best Film of the Decade. At the University of the Philippines (UP), he founded the theater group UP Repertory Company in 1974 "to combat the censorship that was in place during martial law." He was also a member of the Upsilon Sigma Phi fraternity. He was also founding member of the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) and the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Filipino. Cervantes’ name is on the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Wall of Remembrance, which recognizes heroes who fought against martial law in the Philippines under Ferdinand E. Marcos. Work on stage and in film In theater Among Cervantes’ work as stage director are Guys and Dolls, The Short, Short Life of Citizen Juan, and Iskolar ng Bayan. Cervantes appeared in many stage productions as actor, including The Mikado, Waiting for Godot, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, Cabaret, and M. Butterfly. He also worked on activist plays, including Pagsambang Bayan and Estados Unidos versus Juan Matapang Cruz. He also directed Sigaw ng Bayan, which was about the Philippine Revolution. In film Cervantes directed Sakada in 1976 while the Philippines was under martial law. The film about sugarcane plantation workers "was a thinly-veiled criticism of the country's feudal power structure." It starred Rosa Rosal, Robert Arevalo, Hilda Koronel, Alicia Alonzo, Pancho Magalona, Bembol Roco, Gloria Romero, and Tony Santos Sr. After the movie had spent three weeks in theaters, Marcos ordered the military to seize copies of the film. The film led to Cervantes' arrest. Sakada received its first screening on Philippine television in 2005. He also directed Bawal, Ito Kaya’y Pagkakasala, and Masikip, Masakit, Mahapdi. He appeared in the films Bomba Star, Aguila, When I Fall In Love, Memories of Old Manila, Waiting in the Wings, Alas-Dose, Ang Anak ni Brocka, and Barako. Activism Together with fellow filmmaker Lino Brocka and other artists, Cervantes initiated the Free the Artist, Free the Media Movement to oppose media censorship during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. The movement led to the formation of the Concerned Artists of the Philippines in 1983. Cervantes took part in the 1984 Welcome Rotonda protest, during which pro-Marcos forces hosed down and fired tear gas at several thousand peaceful protesters gathered at Welcome Rotonda. In 1985, Cervantes and Brocka attended a nationwide transport strike in sympathy with public transportation drivers who organized the strike against rising gas prices. Cervantes and Brocka were arrested and charged with illegal assembly, which carries a penalty of life imprisonment. They were released after 16 days. He was a member of the Concerned Artists of the Philippines. He is believed to have coined the term edifice complex in the 1970s to describe Philippine First Lady Imelda Marcos's practice of using publicly funded construction projects as political and election propaganda. Awards Life Achievement Award from University of the Philippines Alumni Association Aliw award for Life Achievement in Theater Cultural Center of the Philippines' centennial award See also Bantayog ng mga Bayani References 1938 births 2013 deaths Filipino film directors Filipino activists History of the Philippines (1965–1986) Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos Political repression in the Philippines Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Individuals honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani Marcos martial law victims Artists and cultural workers honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani
Celorico de Basto () is a municipality in Braga District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 20,098, in an area of 181.07 km². The town of Celorico de Basto has around 2500 inhabitants. The municipality is located bordering the municipality of Cabeceiras de Basto to the north, Mondim de Basto to the east, Amarante to the south, Felgueiras to the southeast and Fafe to the west. The present mayor is Joaquim Mota Silva, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is July 25. Celorico de Basto has been occupied since ancient times, as witness marks in the most ancient civilisations have left here. Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 15 civil parishes (freguesias): Agilde Arnóia Borba de Montanha Britelo, Gémeos e Ourilhe Caçarilhe e Infesta Canedo de e Corgo Carvalho e Basto (Santa Tecla) Codeçoso Fervença Moreira do Castelo Rego Ribas São Clemente de Basto Vale de Bouro Veade, Gagos e Molares Tourism The municipality of Celorico de Basto has a vast historical and architectural, civil, and religious heritage and a great diversity of places of tourist interest to visit. From its diversification of tradition, the Castle of Arnoia, the Monastery of Arnoia, as well as the Romanesque churches of Veade, Fervença, and Ribas are highlighted. Stand out from among the various monuments and places to visit: Arnoia Castle, the only Castle on the Romanesque Route, located in the village of Basto; Monastery of São Bento de Arnoia, Benedictine monastery; Natural Trail of Tâmega; Church of the Savior of Fervença, part of the Route of the Romanesque; Church of Salvador de Ribas, part of the Route of the Romanesque; Church of Santa Maria de Veade, part of the Route of the Romanesque; Estela of Vila Boa; Municipal Library of Celorico de Basto Prof. Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa; Freixieiro Ludic Park; Quinta do Prado, with its house and gardens. Festivities Festa Internacional das Camélias Gastronomy In the municipality of Celorico de Basto, stands out the Pão de ló and the cavacas. The special condiment is Green wine, of demarcated quality and very particular flavour and aroma. International relations Celorico de Basto is twinned with: Houilles, France since 1973 Wiltz, Luxemburgo Catanduva, Brasil Notable people Rodrigo José Rodrigues (1879-1963) a military physician, colonial administrator and politician António Ribeiro (1928–1998) a Portuguese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, who was Patriarch of Lisbon from 1971 to 1998 References External links Municipality official website Towns in Portugal Municipalities of Braga District
The Pod is the second studio album by American rock band Ween. It was released on September 20, 1991, by Shimmy-Disc. Production The album was recorded from January to October 1990, at the Pod on Van Sant Road in Solebury Township, Pennsylvania. Recording concluded one month prior to the release of their debut on November 16. The album was derived from two tapes titled the Bilboa tape and the Big Timmy Wasserman tape. Both tapes contain not only demo versions of songs on the album, but many outtakes not used on any album or tracks used on future albums. All of the songs have a muddy quality to them, due to being recorded on a Tascam four-track cassette recorder, and many of the vocals are manipulated in strange ways. Composition The album contains bizarre lyrical content, often attributed to the fact that Dean and Gene both came down with cases of mononucleosis during the recording of the album, as well as their alleged relationship with huffing Scotchgard according to Ween lore. However, when their fans began huffing Scotchgard, it was refuted by Gene Ween and Dean Ween themselves as being "the most slime-bag thing we could think of." Robyn Hitchcock is credited with "musical inspiration" for the track "Alone", which borrows elements from his song "Bones in the Ground". Title and album cover The album takes its name from the band's apartment where the album was recorded, which the band nicknamed "The Pod". The album's cover art is a takeoff of the 1975 The Best of Leonard Cohen cover; Ween simply positioned a photo of part-time bassist Mean Ween's head (wearing a "nitrous oxide powered bong" which is sometimes mistaken for a "Scotchgard bong") over Cohen's cover art, and altered the title text and other graphics. The copy of the Leonard Cohen record that Ween used had purportedly belonged to Dean Ween's mother. Liner notes From the Shimmy-Disc CD: "Recorded by Dean and Gene Ween on a Tascam four-track cassette recorder between January and October 1990. All songs recorded at the Pod, where we lived for a year and 10 months (with our cat Mandee). The Pod was scenically located on Van Sant Road in Solebury Township, Pennsylvania. Our apartment was a haven for flies because it sits in the middle of a horse farm. In the time this album was completed, we filled up 3,600 hours of tape, and inhaled 5 cans of Scotchgard. This album was then produced and mixed by Andrew Weiss (our pal) at the Zion House of Flesh, Hopewell, New Jersey. Straight to DAT Mang. Mean Ween played the bass on "Alone" and that's him on the cover doin' up some Scotchguard powered bongs. We got evicted on October 1, 1991. But Dave Ayers says he's gonna help us out. Cover and art designs by Logarithms." Promotion The Pod produced three music videos. "Pollo Asado", "Captain Fantasy", and "Pork Roll Egg and Cheese" were included on a VHS music video compilation titled Shimmy-Disc Video Volume 3. Shimmy-Disc Video was a series of VHS tapes created by Shimmy Disc containing music videos from artists who were signed to the label. These tapes were never remastered or re-released, nor were the music videos. Shimmy-Disc released a vinyl version of The Pod in 1991. It was also remastered and reissued by Elektra Records in 1995, after the relative success of Ween albums such as Pure Guava (1992) and Chocolate and Cheese (1994). Reception In 1993, the album was named one of the 20 best albums of 1992 by Spin. Trouser Press wrote: "Less inflamed and inspired than the first album (blame, perhaps, the five cans of Scotchguard the band claims to have inhaled), The Pod lurches, howls, fuzzes and strums through sloppy creations that are mostly one hit short of a high." Aphex Twin named it one of his 10 favorite albums of all time (making it one of two Ween albums on the list, the other being Pure Guava). In a 1999 review of the album, The Stranger called it "excellent" and wrote that "someday, classical music students will write dissertations on The Pod." Kerrang! wrote that "the electrified production on tracks like 'Dr. Rock' and 'Sketches of Winkle' is utterly unhinged, while the barking, aimless pace of 'The Stallion' (either part, really) feels like the sweaty blatherings of the most poisonous of drunks." Track listing Tour Dates Personnel Ween Dean Ween Gene Ween Additional musicians Mean Ween – bass on "Alone" Technical Dean Ween – engineer, art direction Gene Ween – engineer, art direction Andrew Weiss – producer, mixing Michael McGrath – art direction Logorythms – cover art, design Howie Weinberg – remastering References 1991 albums Shimmy Disc albums Ween albums Albums recorded in a home studio Lo-fi music albums Noise rock albums by American artists
The Kara-Khanid Khanate (; ), also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids or the Afrasiabids (), was a Karluk Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia in the 9th through the early 13th century. The dynastic names of Karakhanids and Ilek Khanids refer to royal titles with Kara Khagan being the most important Turkic title up until the end of the dynasty. The Khanate conquered Transoxiana in Central Asia and ruled it independently between 999 and 1089. After that, they ruled as vassals of the Seljuqs until the Battle of Qatwan in 1141, and then as vassals of the Qara Khitais until 1211. Their arrival in Transoxiana signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, yet the Kara-khanids gradually assimilated the Perso-Arab Muslim culture, while retaining some of their native Turkic culture. The capitals of the Kara-Khanid Khanate included Kashgar, Balasagun, Uzgen and Samarkand. In the 1040s, the Khanate split into the Eastern and Western Khanates. In the late 11th century, they came under the suzerainty of the Seljuk Empire, followed by the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) in the mid-12th century. The Eastern Khanate ended in 1211, and the Western Khanate was extinguished by the Khwarazmian Empire in 1213. The history of the Kara-Khanid Khanate is reconstructed from fragmentary and often contradictory written sources, as well as studies on their coinage. Names The term Karakhanid was derived from Qara Khan or Qara Khaqan (), the foremost title of the rulers of the dynasty. The word "Kara" means "black" and also "courageous" from Old Turkic (𐰴𐰺𐰀) and khan means ruler. The term was devised by European Orientalists in the 19th century to describe both the dynasty and the Turks ruled by it. Arabic Muslim sources called this dynasty al-Khaqaniya ("That of the Khaqans") or al Muluk al-Khaniyya al-Atrak (The Khanal kings of the Turks). In his linguistic treatise Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, Mahmud al-Kashgari, a native-born Karakhanid, listed two endonyms: "Khāqānī Turks" or just "Turks", the latter he also used to denote Turkic peoples in general. Persian sources often used the term Al-i Afrasiyab () based on a supposed link to the legendary though actually unrelated King Afrasiab of pre-Islamic Transoxania. Kashgari refers to him as Alp Er Tunga. They are also referred to as Ilek Khanids or Ilak Khanids () in Persian. Chinese sources refer to this dynasty as Kalahan () or Heihan (, literally "Black Khan") or Dashi (, a term for Arabs that extends to Muslims in general). History Origin The Kara-Khanid Khanate originated from a confederation formed some time in the 9th century by Karluks, Yagmas, Chigils, Tuhsi, and other peoples living in Zhetysu, Western Tian Shan (modern Kyrgyzstan), and Western Xinjiang around Kashgar. 10th-century Arab historian Al-Masudi listed two "Khagan of Khagans" of the Karluk horde: Sanah, a possible rendition of Ashina (compare Śaya (also by al-Masudi), Aś(i)nas (al-Tabari), Ānsa (Hudud al-'Alam), and Śaba (Ibn Khordadbeh)), and Afrasiab, whom 11th-century Karakhanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari identified with Turkic king Alp Er Tunga, the legendary progenitor of the Karakhanid ruling dynasty. Furthermore, Kara-khanid heads of state claimed the title khagan, which indicates that they may have been descended from the Ashina. Even so, the tribal origin of Bilge Kul Qadir Khan, the first Kara-Khan, is still unknown: if Bilge Kul Qadir descended from the Karluk Yabghus, then he indeed belonged to the Ashina dynasty as they did; if Bilge Kul Qadir descended from the Yagma (as suggested by Vasily Bartold), then he did not, considering that the Hudud al-'Alam stated that "Their [Yagmas'] king is from the family of the Toġuzġuz kings", that Ashina tribe was not listed among the Toquz Oghuz (Ch. 九姓 Jĭu Xìng "Nine Surnames") in Chinese-language sources and that early Uyghur khagans belonged to the Yaglakar clan of Toquz Oghuz and later Uyghur khagans belonged to the Ädiz clan. Alternatively, Bilge Kul Qadir might belong to the Eðgiş or Chigils. Early history The Karluks were a nomadic people from the western Altai Mountains who moved to Zhetysu. In 742, the Karluks were part of an alliance led by the Basmyl and Uyghurs that rebelled against the Göktürks. In the realignment of power that followed, the Karluks were elevated from a tribe led by an Elteber to one led by a yabghu, which was one of the highest Turkic dignitaries and also implies membership in the Ashina clan in whom the "heaven-mandated" right to rule resided. The Karluks and Uyghurs later allied themselves against the Basmyl, and within two years they toppled the Basmyl khagan. The Uyghur yabghu became khagan and the Karluk leader yabghu. This arrangement lasted less than a year. Hostilities between the Uyghur and Karluk forced the Karluk to migrate westward into the western Turgesh lands. By 766 the Karluks had forced the submission of the Turgesh and they established their capital at Suyab on the Chu River. The Karluk confederation by now included the Chigil and Tukshi tribes who may have been Türgesh tribes incorporated into the Karluk union. By the mid-9th century, the Karluk confederation had gained control of the sacred lands of the Western Türks after the destruction of the Uyghur Khaganate by the Old Kirghiz. Control of sacred lands, together with their affiliation with the Ashina clan, allowed the Khaganate to be passed on to the Karluks along with domination of the steppes after the previous Khagan was killed in a revolt. During the 9th century southern Central Asia was under the rule of the Samanids, while the Central Asian steppe was dominated by Turkic nomads such as the Pechenegs, the Oghuz Turks, and the Karluks. The domain of the Karluks reached as far north as the Irtysh and the Kimek confederation, with encampments extending to the Chi and Ili rivers, where the Chigil and Tukshi tribes lived, and east to the Ferghana valley and beyond. The area to the south and east of the Karluks was inhabited by the Yagma. The Karluk center in the 9th and 10th centuries appears to have been at Balasagun on the Chu River. In the late 9th century the Samanids marched into the steppes and captured Taraz, one of the headquarters of the Karluk khagan, and a large church was transformed into a mosque. Formation of the Kara-Khanid Khanate During the 9th century, the Karluk confederation (including three chief tribes: the Bulaq (Mouluo 謀落 / Moula 謀剌), Taşlïk (Tashili 踏實力), and Sebek (Suofu 娑匐), along with Chigils, Charuks, Barskhans, Khalajes, Azkishi and Tuhsis (the last three being possibly remnants of Türgesh<ref>Gumilyov, L. Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The trefoil of the Bird's Eye View' Ch. 5: The Shattered Silence (961–1100)</ref>Minorsky, V. "Commentary" on "§17. The Tukhs" in Ḥudūd al'Ālam. Translated and Explained by V. Minorsky. pp. 300–304.) and the Yaghma, possible descendants of the Toquz Oghuz, joined forces and formed the first Karluk-Karakhanid khaganate. The Chigils appear to have formed the nucleus of the Karakhanid army. The date of its foundation and the name of its first khan is uncertain, but according to one reconstruction, the first Karakhanid ruler was Bilge Kul Qadir Khan. The rulers of the Karakhanids were likely to be from the Chigil and Yaghma tribes – the Eastern Khagan bore the title Arslan Qara Khaqan (Arslan "lion" was the totem of the Chigil) and the Western Khagan the title Bughra Qara Khaqan (Bughra "male camel" was the totem of the Yaghma). The names of animals were a regular element in the Turkic titles of the Karakhanids: thus Aslan (lion), Bughra (camel), Toghan (falcon), Böri (wolf), and Toghrul or Toghrïl (a bird of prey). Under the Khagans were four rulers with the titles Arslan Ilig, Bughra Ilig, Arslan Tegin and Bughra Tegin. The titles of the members of the dynasty changed with their position, normally upwards, in the dynastic hierarchy. In the mid-10th century the Kara-Khanids converted to Islam and adopted Muslim names and honorifics, but retained Turkic regnal titles such as Khan, Khagan, Ilek (Ilig) and Tegin. Later they adopted the Arab titles sultan and sultān al-salātīn (sultan of sultans). According to the Ottoman historian known as Munajjim-bashi, a Karakhanid prince named Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan was the first of the khans to convert. After conversion, he obtained a fatwa which permitted him in effect to kill his presumably-still-pagan father, after which he conquered Kashgar (of the old Shule Kingdom). Later, in 960, according to Muslim historians Ibn Miskawaih and Ibn al-Athir, there was a mass conversion of the Turks (reportedly "200,000 tents of the Turks"), and circumstantial evidence suggests these were the Karakhanids. Conquest of Transoxiana The grandson of Satuk Bughra Khan, Hasan b. Sulayman (or Harun) (title: Bughra Khan) attacked the Samanids in the late 10th century. Between 990 and 992, Hasan took Isfijab, Ferghana, Ilaq, Samarkand, and the Samanid capital Bukhara. However, Hasan Bughra Khan died in 992 due to an illness, and the Samanids returned to Bukhara. Hasan's cousin Ali b. Musa (title: Kara Khan or Arslan Khan) resumed the campaign against the Samanids, and by 999 Ali's son Nasr had taken Chach, Samarkand, and Bukhara. The Samanid domains were divided between the Ghaznavids, who gained Khorasan and Afghanistan, and the Karakhanids, who received Transoxiana. The Oxus River thus became the boundary between the two rival empires. The Karakhanid state was divided into appanages (Ülüş system), as was common of Turkic and Mongol nomads. The Karakhanid appanages were associated with four principal urban centers, Balasagun (then the capital of the Karakhanid state) in Zhetysu, Kashgar in Xinjiang, Uzgen in Fergana, and Samarkand in Transoxiana. The dynasty's original domains of Zhetysu and Kasgar and their khans retained an implicit seniority over those who ruled in Transoxiana and Fergana. The four sons of Ali (Ahmad, Nasr, Mansur, Muhammad) each held their own independent appanage within the Karakhanid state. Nasr, the conqueror of Transoxiana, held the large central area of Transoxiana (Samarkand and Bukhara), Fergana (Uzgen) and other areas, although after his death his appanage was further divided. Ahmad held Zhetysu and Chach and became the head of the dynasty after the death of Ali. The brothers Ahmad and Nasr conducted different policies towards the Ghaznavids in the south – while Ahmad tried to form an alliance with Mahmud of Ghazna, Nasr attempted to expand unsuccessfully into Ghaznavid territory. Ahmad was succeeded by Mansur, and after the death of Mansur, the Hasan Bughra Khan branch of the Karakhanids became dominant. Hasan's sons Muhammad Toghan Khan II, and Yusuf Kadir Khan who held Kashgar, became in turn the head of the Karakhanid dynasty. The two families, i.e., the descendants of Ali Arslan Khan and Hasan Bughra Khan, would eventually split the Karakhanid Khanate in two. In 1017–1018, the Karakhanids repelled an attack by a large mass of nomadic Turkic tribes in what was described in Muslim sources as a great victory. Around the same time, the Kara-Khanid ruler Ilig Khan reached an agreement with Mahmud of Ghazni, in which they agreed to partition former Samanid territory along the Oxus river. Conquest of western Tarim Basin The Islamic conquest of the Buddhist cities east of Kashgar began when the Karakhanid Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan converted to Islam in 934 and then captured Kashgar. He and his son directed endeavors to proselytize Islam among the Turks and engage in military conquests. In the mid-10th century, Satuq's son Musa began to put pressure on Khotan, and a long period of war between Kashgar and the Kingdom of Khotan ensued. Satok Bughra Khan's nephew or grandson Ali Arslan was said to have been killed by Buddhists during the war; during the reign of Ahmad b. Ali, the Karakhanids also engaged in wars against non-Muslims to the east and northeast. Muslim accounts tell the tale of the four imams from Mada'in city (possibly now in Iraq) who travelled to help Yusuf Qadir Khan, the Qarakhanid leader, in his conquest of Khotan, Yarkend, and Kashgar. The "infidels" were said to have been driven towards Khotan, but the four Imams were killed. In 1006, Yusuf Qadir Khan of Kashgar conquered the Kingdom of Khotan, ending Khotan's existence as an independent state. The conquest of the western Tarim Basin which includes Khotan and Kashgar is significant in the eventual Turkification and Islamification of the Tarim Basin, and modern Uyghurs identify with the Karakhanids even though the name Uyghur was taken from the Manichaean Uyghur Khaganate and the Buddhist state of Qocho. Division of the Kara-Khanid Khanate Early in the 11th century the unity of the Karakhanid dynasty was fractured by frequent internal warfare that eventually resulted in the formation of two independent Karakhanid states. A son of Hasan Bughra Khan, Ali Tegin, seized control of Bukhara and other towns. He expanded his territory further after the death of Mansur. The son of Nasr, Böritigin, later waged war against the sons of Ali Tegin, and won control of a large part of Transoxiana, making Samarkand the capital. In 1041, another son of Nasr b. Ali, Muhammad 'Ayn ad-Dawlah (reigned 1041–52) took over the administration of the western branch of the family that eventually led to a formal separation of the Khara-Khanid Khanate. Ibrahim Tamghach Khan was considered by Muslim historians as a great ruler, and he brought some stability to the Western Karakhanids by limiting the appanage system that caused much of the internal strife in the Kara-Khanid Khanate. The Hasan family remained in control of the Eastern Khanate. The Eastern Khanate had its capital at Balasaghun and later Kashgar. The Fergana-Zhetysu areas became the border between the two states and were frequently contested. When the two states were formed, Fergana fell into realm of the Eastern Khanate, but was later captured by Ibrahim and became part of the Western Khanate. Seljuk suzerainty In 1040, the Seljuk Empire defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan and entered Iran. Conflict with the Karakhanids broke out, but the Karakhanids were able to withstand attacks by the Seljuks initially, even briefly taking control of Seljuk towns in Greater Khorasan. The Karakhanids, however, developed serious conflicts with the religious classes (the ulama), and the ulama of Transoxiana then requested the intervention of the Seljuks. In 1089, during the reign of Ibrahim's grandson Ahmad b. Khidr, the Seljuks entered and took control of Samarkand, together with the domains belonging to the Western Khanate. For half a century, the Western Karakhanid Khanate was a vassal of the Seljuks, who largely controlled the appointment of the Khanate's rulers in that time. Ahmad b. Khidr was returned to power by the Seljuks, but in 1095, the ulama accused Ahmad of heresy and managed to secure his execution. The Karakhanids of Kashgar also declared their submission following a Seljuk campaign into Talas and Zhetysu, but the Eastern Khanate was a Seljuk vassal for only a short time. At the beginning of the 12th century the Eastern Khanate invaded Transoxiana and briefly occupied the Seljuk town of Termez. Qara Khitai invasion The Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) host which invaded Central Asia was composed of remnants from the defunct Liao dynasty which was annihilated by the Jin dynasty in 1125. The Liao noble Yelü Dashi recruited warriors from various tribes and formed a horde that moved westward to rebuild the Liao dynasty. Yelü occupied Balasagun on the Chu River, then defeated the Western Karakhanids in Khujand in 1137. In 1141 Qara Khitai became the dominant force in the region after they dealt a devastating blow to the Seljuk Sultan Ahmad Sanjar and the Kara-Khanids at the Battle of Qatwan near Samarkand. Several military commanders of Karakhanid lineages such as the father of Osman of Khwarazm fled from Karakhanid lands in the wake of the Qara Khitai invasion. Despite losing to the Qara Khitai, the Karakhanid dynasty remained in power as their vassals. The Qara Khitai themselves stayed at Zhetysu near Balasagun, and allowed some of the Karakhanids to continue to rule as their tax collectors in Samarkand and Kashgar. Under the Qara Khitai the Karakhanids functioned as administrators for sedentary Muslim populations. While the Qara Khitai were Buddhists ruling over a largely Muslim population, they were considered fair-minded rulers whose reign was marked by religious tolerance. Islamic religious life continued uninterrupted and Islamic authority persevered under the Qara Khitai. Kashgar became a Nestorian metropolitan see and Christian gravestones in the Chu River Valley appeared beginning in this period. However, Kuchlug, a Naiman who usurped the throne of the Qara Khitai dynasty, instituted anti-Islamic policies on the local populations under his rule. Downfall The decline of the Seljuks following their defeat by the Qara Khitais at the Battle of Qatwan (1141) allowed the Khwarazmian dynasty, then a vassal of the Qara Khitai, to expand into former Seljuk territory, where they became independent rulers circa 1190. In 1207, the citizens of Bukhara revolted against the sadrs (leaders of the religious classes), which the Khwarazmshah 'Ala' ad-Din Muhammad used as a pretext to conquer Bukhara. Muhammad then formed an alliance with the Western Karakhanid ruler Uthman ibn Ibrahim (who later married Muhammad's daughter) against the Qara Khitai. In 1210, the Khwarezm-Shah took Samarkand after the Qara Khitai retreated to deal with the rebellion from the Naiman Kuchlug, who had seized the Qara Khitans' treasury at Uzgen. The Khwarezm-Shah then defeated the Qara Khitai near Talas. Muhammad and Kuchlug had, apparently, agreed to divide up the Qara Khitan's empire. In 1212, the population of Samarkand staged a revolt against the Khwarezmians, a revolt which Uthman supported, and massacred them. The Khwarezm-Shah returned, recaptured Samarkand and executed Uthman. He demanded the submission of all leading Karakhanids, and finally extinguished the Western Karakhanid state. In 1204, a rebellion of the Eastern Kara-Khanid in Kashgar was suppressed by the Kara-Khitai who took the prince Yusuf hostage to Balasagun. The prince was later released but he was killed in Kashgar by rebels in 1211, effectively ending the Eastern Kara-Khanid. In 1214, the rebels in Kashgar surrendered to Kuchlug, who had usurped the Kara-Khitai throne. In 1218, Kuchlug was killed by the Mongol army. Some of the Kara-Khitai's eastern vassals including Eastern Kara-Khanids then joined the Mongol forces to conquer the Khwarezmian Empire. Culture The takeover by the Karakhanids did not change the essentially Iranian character of Central Asia, though it set into motion a demographic and ethnolinguistic shift. During the Karakhanid era, the local population began using Turkic in speech – initially the shift was linguistic with the local people adopting the Turkic language. While Central Asia became Turkicized over the centuries, culturally the Turks came close to being Persianized or, in certain respects, Arabicized. Nevertheless, the official or court language used in Kashgar and other Karakhanid centers, referred to as "Khaqani" (royal), remained Turkic. The language was partly based on dialects spoken by the Turkic tribes that made up the Karakhanids and possessed qualities of linear descent from Kök and Karluk Turkic. The Turkic script was also used for all documents and correspondence of the khaqans, according to Dīwānu l-Luġat al-Turk. The Dīwānu l-Luġat al-Turk (Dictionary of Languages of the Turks) was written by a prominent Karakhanid historian, Mahmud al-Kashgari, who may have lived for some time in Kashgar at the Karakhanid court. He wrote this first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages in Arabic for the Caliphs of Baghdad in 1072–76. Another famous Karakhanid writer was Yusuf Balasaghuni, who wrote Kutadgu Bilig (The Wisdom of Felicity), the only known literary work written in Turkic from the Karakhanid period. Kutadgu Bilig is a form of advice literature known as mirrors for princes. The Turkic identity is evident in both of these pieces of work, but they also showed the influences of Persian and Islamic culture. However, the court culture of the Karakhanids remained almost entirely Persian. The two last western khaqans also wrote poetry in Persian.The Cambridge World History describes the Kara-Khanid state as the first of the Islamic Turco-Iranian states. Islam and its civilization flourished under the Karakhanids. The earliest example of madrasas in Central Asia was founded in Samarkand by Ibrahim Tamghach Khan. Ibrahim also founded a hospital to care for the sick as well as providing shelter for the poor. His son Shams al-Mulk Nasr built ribats for the caravanserais on the route between Bukhara and Samarkand, as well as a palace near Bukhara. Some of the buildings constructed by the Karakhanids still survive today, including the Kalyan minaret built by Mohammad Arslan Khan beside the main mosque in Bukhara, and three mausolea in Uzgend. The early Karakhanid rulers, as nomads, lived not in the city but in an army encampment outside the capital, and while by the time of Ibrahim the Karakhanids still maintained a nomadic tradition, their extensive religious and civil constructions showed that they had assimilated the culture and traditions of the settled population of Transoxiana. During the excavations of the citadel of Samarkand, the ruins of the palace of the Karakhanid ruler Ibrahim ibn Hussein (1178–1202) were found. The palace was decorated with wall paintings.Karev, Yury (2003) “Un cycle de peintures murales d’époque qarākhānide (XIIème-XIIIème siècles) à la citadelle de Samarkand: le souverain et le peintre”, Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, fasc. 4: 301–347. Numerous works of art and decorative objects are also known from the realm of the Kara-Khanids during the time of their rule (840–1212). Samarkand, with its old citadel of Afrasiab where many works of art have been excavated, was conquered by the Kara-Khanids between 990 and 992, and held until 1212 (11th–12th centuries): Legacy Kara-Khanid is arguably the most enduring cultural heritage among coexisting cultures in Central Asia from the 9th to the 13th centuries. The Karluk-Uyghur dialect spoken by the nomadic tribes and Turkified sedentary populations under Kara-Khanid rule formed two major branches of the Turkic language family, the Chagatay and the Kypchak. The Kara-Khanid cultural model that combined nomadic Turkic culture with Islamic, sedentary institutions spread east into former Kara-Khoja and Tangut territories and west and south into the subcontinent, Khorasan (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Northern Iran), Golden Horde territories (Tataristan), and Turkey. The Chagatay, Timurid, and Uzbek states and societies inherited most of the cultures of the Kara-Khanids and the Khwarezmians without much interruption. The Kara-Khanids translated the Quran into Middle Turkic. There are four surviving copies of the Quran translations found in various collections and a Middle Turkic excerpt of Al-Fatiha, which supposedly belong to the Kara-Khanid period. Identification with China Kara-Khanid monarchs adopted Temahaj Khan (Turkic for "Khan of China"; ) or Malik al-Mashriq wa-l’Sin (Arabic for "King of the East and China"; ) as their title, and minted coins bearing these titles. Another title they used was Sulṭān al-Sharq wa al-Ṣīn (Sultan of the East and China). Early period "proto-Qarakhanid" coinage featured Chinese-style square-holed coins, combined with Arabic writing. Much of the realm of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, including Transoxiana and the western Tarim Basin, had been under the rule of the Tang dynasty prior to the Battle of Talas in 751, and the Kara-Khanid rulers continued to identify their dynasty with China several centuries later. Yusuf Qadir Khan sent the first Kara-Khanid envoy to the Song dynasty, Boyla Saghun, to request the Song to send an official envoy who would help 'pacify' Khotan, apparently seeking to use the prestige of the Chinese court to strengthen the Kara-Khanids' local status. The Kara-Khanid rulers also formed marriage relations with the Liao dynasty and addressed the Song emperors as "maternal uncle", in possible imitation of Uyghur and Tibetan rulers who had marital relations with the previous Tang dynasty. In an account, the Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari referred to his homeland, around Kashgar, then part of the Kara-Khanid Khanate, as "Lower China". Genetics A genetic study published in Nature'' in May 2018 examined the remains of three Khara-Khanid individuals. They were found to be carrying the maternal haplogroups G2a2, A and J1c. The Kara-Khanid were found to have more East Asian ancestry than the preceding Goktürks. Monarchs Bilge Kul Qadir Khan (840–893) Bazir Arslan Khan (893–920) Oghulcak Khan (893–940) Satuk Bughra Khan 920–955, in 932 adopted Islam, in 940 took power over Karluks Musa Bughra Khan 955–958 Suleyman Arslan Khan 958–970 Ali Arslan Khan 970–998, Great Qaghan Ahmad Arslan Qara Khan 998–1017, son of Ali Arslan Mansur Arslan Khan 1017–1024, son of Ali Arslan Muhammad Toghan Khan 1024–1026, son of Hasan b. Sulayman Yusuf Qadir Khan 1026–1032, son of Hasan b. Sulayman Ali Tigin Bughra Khan (1020–1034), Great Qaghan in Samarkand, son of Hasan b. Sulayman Abu Shuja’ Sulayman 1034–1042 Western Karakhanids Tamghach Khan Ibrahim (also known as Böritigin) c. 1040–1068 Shams al-Mulk Nasr 1068–1080: married Aisha, daughter of Alp Arslan. Khidr 1080–1081 Ahmad 1081–1089 Ya'qub Qadir Khan 1089–1095 Mas'ud 1095–1097 Sulayman Qadir Tamghach 1097 Mahmud Arslan Khan 1097–1099 Jibrail Arslan Khan 1099–1102 Muhammad Arslan Khan 1102–1129 Nasr 1129 Ahmad Qadir Khan 1129–1130 Hasan Jalal ad-Dunya 1130–1132 Ibrahim Rukn ad-Dunya 1132 Mahmud 1132–1141 Ibrahim Tabghach Khan 1141–1156 Ali Chaghri Khan 1156–1161 Mas'ud Tabghach Khan 1161–1171 Muhammad Tabghach Khan 1171–1178 Ibrahim Arslan Khan 1178–1202 Uthman ibn Ibrahim 1202–1212 Eastern Karakhanids Ebu Shuca Sulayman 1042–1056 Muhammad bin Yusuph 1056–1057 İbrahim bin Muhammad Khan 1057–1059 Mahmud 1059–1075 Umar (Kara-Khanid) 1075 Ebu Ali el-Hasan 1075–1102 Ahmad Khan 1102–1128 İbrahim bin Ahmad 1128–1158 Muhammad bin İbrahim 1158–? Yusuph bin Muhammad ?–1205 Ebul Feth Muhammad 1205–1211 See also Khanate Göktürks Uyghur Khaganate Uyghur people Karluks Chigils Yaghmas List of Sunni Muslim dynasties History of the central steppe Islamization and Turkification of Xinjiang Notes References Citations Sources . (alk. paper) (paperback). Kochnev, Boris D. (1996) “The Origins of the Karakhanids. A Reconsideration”, Der Islam, 73: 352-7. Fedorov M.N. Karakhanidskaya numizmatika kak istochnik po istorii Sredney Azii kontsa X — nachala XIII vv. Avtoreferat doktorskoy dissertatsii. Novosibirsk. 1990 Ashina tribe 1212 disestablishments in Asia 840 establishments Former countries in Central Asia Former countries in Chinese history Khanates Former confederations Diarchies
Paraeclipta bicoloripes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zajciw in 1965. References Rhinotragini Beetles described in 1965
The St. Mary's Academy, also known as St. Mary's High School, is a historic three-story school built in 1909 in Devils Lake, North Dakota, United States. It was designed by the Hancock Brothers in Classical Revival style. the building's exterior facade is constructed from buff brick, light mottled Hebron, North Dakota brick, cut granite, and Kettle River sandstone. The facility operated as a Catholic boarding school from 1909 until the 1950s. A high school continued to operate in the building until 1979. References Neoclassical architecture in North Dakota School buildings completed in 1909 School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Dakota National Register of Historic Places in Ramsey County, North Dakota Schools in Ramsey County, North Dakota Catholic Church in North Dakota Educational institutions disestablished in 1979 1909 establishments in North Dakota
Abdoulaye Gueye (born 11 August 2003) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for German side TSV Landsberg. Early life Gueye was born in Brescia, Italy, to Senegalese parents. Club career Gueye began his footballing career as an outfield player with Leonessa Calcio in his native Italy, before playing in goal at under-12 level for Mario Rigamonti Calcio. He later moved to Munich, Germany, where he failed to find a club for a year before settling at SC München, where he again played outfield. He played as a striker for Stern München for two years, before spending a season at SV Aubing. In 2020, he trialled with SV Planegg-Krailling as a goalkeeper, and after signing, became the team's first choice goalkeeper at under-19 level. The following year, he was selected to be part of the FC Bayern Munich World Squad initiative - a squad to represent the Bavarian club in international friendlies, stating that he found the opportunity to be "unbelievable". On his return to club football, Planegg-Krailling wanted to integrate Gueye into the club's first team, but he was advised to join semi-professional side TSV Landsberg, which he did in 2022. He made his debut for the club in a 6–5 penalty shoot out Bavarian Cup win against TSV Schwaben Augsburg on 26 July 2022. Following the early retirement of TSV Landsberg goalkeeper David Hundertmark, Gueye was promoted to first-choice goalkeeper, to fight for the position alongside new signing Fabio Rašić. He was given a run in the first team, playing five games in March and April 2023. Career statistics Club References 2003 births Living people Footballers from Brescia Italian people of Senegalese descent Italian men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Bayernliga players Italian expatriate men's footballers Italian expatriate sportspeople in Germany Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
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Neil Kannas Wagner (born January 1, 1984) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics and Toronto Blue Jays and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Saitama Seibu Lions. Amateur career Wagner attended Eden Prairie High School in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. He enrolled at North Dakota State University, where he played college baseball for the North Dakota State Bison and studied biology and chemistry. He left before graduating. Professional career Cleveland Indians The Cleveland Indians selected Wagner in the 21st round of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft. Oakland Athletics On May 14, 2010, he was traded to the Oakland Athletics for cash considerations. He was promoted to the majors for the first time by the Athletics on August 30, 2011. San Diego Padres On May 28, 2012, Wagner was waived by the Athletics and claimed by the San Diego Padres. Wagner spent most of 2012 with the Triple-A Tucson Padres. He was designated for assignment on August 23, and became a free agent on November 3. Toronto Blue Jays On November 15, 2012, the Toronto Blue Jays signed Wagner to a minor league contract with an invitation to Spring Training. The deal was announced by the Jays on November 21, 2012. Wagner began the 2013 season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. He was called up by the Toronto Blue Jays on May 29. Wagner recorded his first career win in a game on June 7 against the Texas Rangers, pitching 1 innings in relief. After posting a 2–3 record with a 3.26 ERA and 16 strikeouts in 20 appearances, Wagner was optioned to Triple-A Buffalo on July 21 to make room on the 25-man roster for Melky Cabrera's return from the disabled list. Wagner was recalled when Cabrera went on the disabled list on August 2, 2013. The Blue Jays optioned Wagner to the Buffalo Bisons on March 14, 2014. He was recalled by the Blue Jays on April 9, 2014, and sent back to Buffalo on April 26. After a consultation with Dr. James Andrews on August 12, 2014, it was determined that Wagner would require Tommy John surgery and was expected to miss the rest of the 2014 season as well as the entire 2015 season. He was designated for assignment on September 1, 2014. The following day, Wagner was released. Tampa Bay Rays On September 12, Wagner signed a two-year minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays, that included an invitation to 2016 spring training. He was released on August 2, 2017. New York Mets On August 15, 2017, Wagner signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets. Wagner made 8 appearances for the Triple–A Las Vegas 51s, tallying scoreless innings with 11 strikeouts. He elected free agency following the season on November 6. Saitama Seibu Lions On December 13, 2017, Wagner signed with the Saitama Seibu Lions of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He was placed on waivers on September 28, 2018. References External links 1984 births Living people Akron Aeros players American expatriate baseball players in Japan American expatriate baseball players in Canada Baseball players from Minnesota Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Charlotte Stone Crabs players Durham Bulls players Gulf Coast Blue Jays players Kinston Indians players Lake County Captains players Las Vegas 51s players Mahoning Valley Scrappers players Major League Baseball pitchers Midland RockHounds players Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers North Dakota State Bison baseball players Oakland Athletics players Sacramento River Cats players Saitama Seibu Lions players Surprise Rafters players Toronto Blue Jays players Tucson Padres players West Oahu Canefires players Mankato MoonDogs players
Lavinia Tananta (born 3 November 1987) is an Indonesian former tennis player. She made her debut as a professional in May 2003, aged 15, at an ITF tournament in Jakarta. In December 2008, Tananta won the women's singles in the inaugural Garuda Indonesia Tennis Masters, defeating Ayu-Fani Damayanti in the final. She was part of Indonesia Fed Cup team from 2008 to 2016. The most recent WTA Tour tournament she played in was the 2011 Malaysian Open, partnering compatriot player Jessy Rompies. Tananta has represented Indonesia at the 2009 and 2015 Southeast Asian Games, winning five medals, including the gold in the women's singles at the 2009 SEA Games at Vientiane. ITF finals Singles (6–5) Doubles (14–17) External links Jakarta Post article Indonesian female tennis players 1987 births Indonesian people of Chinese descent Living people Tennis players at the 2010 Asian Games Tennis players at the 2006 Asian Games Sportspeople from Semarang SEA Games gold medalists for Indonesia SEA Games silver medalists for Indonesia SEA Games bronze medalists for Indonesia SEA Games medalists in tennis Competitors at the 2009 SEA Games Competitors at the 2011 SEA Games Competitors at the 2015 SEA Games Asian Games competitors for Indonesia
Sixbert Macumi (born Gakoni, 1968) is a Burundian Anglican bishop. He is the bishop of Buye and has been the primate and archbishop of the Province of the Anglican Church of Burundi since 21 August 2021. Early life and ecclesiastical career He was born in the province of Muyinga. He would be baptized in the Anglican faith in 1979 and confirmed in 1981. He decided to follow a religious life and he studied at the Theological Institute of Matana, from 1991 to 1994. He was ordained a deacon during this time. After finishing his studies, he returned to the Diocese of Buye, where he was a teachder at the Bishop Barham Theological College, in Buye. He was ordained a priest in 1996, and he was director and teacher at the Bishop Barham College. He was at the same time priest at Gatukuza parish and All Saints Cathedral, in Buye. He was diocesan secretary at Buye, from 1997 to 2000. He went back to his Theology studies in 2000, at Uganda Christian University, where he got a diploma. He returned to teach at Bishop Barham College afterwards. He was consecrated bishop of Buye, in 2005. He was elected on 24 May 2021 archbishop and primate of Burundi, and his consecration took place at the Holy Trinity Cathedral, in Bujumbura, on 21 August 2021. References 1968 births Living people Uganda Christian University alumni Burundian Anglicans 21st-century Anglican bishops 21st-century Anglican archbishops
"I'll Wait" is a song by Van Halen from the album 1984. I'll Wait may also refer to: "I'll Wait (Kygo and Sasha Sloan song)", a song by Kygo and Sasha Sloan from the album Golden Hour "I'll Wait", a song by Sara Groves from the album Invisible Empires See also I'll Wait for You (disambiguation)
K235BT (94.9 FM) is a radio station translator in Fort Collins, Colorado. Owned by Radio by Grace, Inc., and operated by iHeartMedia, the station simulcasts an Adult Alternative music format branded as Radio 94.9, as a relay an HD2 subchannel of KSME (moving from KPAW in December 2017 as part of iHeartMedia's larger station realignment in Colorado to form a KBPI trimulcast). The station started broadcasting in October 2012 as "Christmas 94.9," the first station in Northern Colorado to begin playing Christmas music without any commercial interruptions. On December 26, the station began carrying Fox Sports Radio programming until May 16, 2013. The station reverted to playing Christmas music as "Christmas 94.9." At noon on May 17, 2013, after "Do They Know It's Christmas?" by Band Aid, K235BT flipped to a AAA format as Radio 94.9. The first song played on Radio 94.9 was "It's Time" by Imagine Dragons. In late January 2020, K235BT flipped to an alternative rock format described as "Adult Alternative", while keeping the "Radio 94.9" branding. External links Fort Collins, Colorado Mass media in Fort Collins, Colorado 235BT Modern rock radio stations in the United States
Caridad Atencio (born 14 February 1963) is a Cuban poet and essayist. Early life and career Caridad Atencio was born on Valentine's Day 1963. She graduated from the University of Havana with a degree in philology in 1985. She has worked as an assistant researcher at the Martianos Studies Center since 1991 and is a member of the Scientific Council of that institution. Considered one of the most important poets of the Cuban generation of the 1980s, critic Enrique Saínz wrote that Atencio "has observed and written with precision about the dialogue between her body and another's, the other in relation to self. In this way, she has achieved an extraordinary literary moment." Awards She has won the Pinos Nuevos de Poesía Prize in 1996, Essay Calendar Prize in 1999, Essay Diver Award in 2000, Poetry Giver Prize in 2002, the Poetry Prize of the Cuban magazine La Gaceta de Cuba in 2005, and the Prize of the Criticism of 2010 (granted in 2011 for her book, El libro de los sentidos). Citations References External links Caridad Atencio at Open Library 1963 births Living people Cuban women poets Writers from Havana
Hoya bilobata, commonly known as wax plant or porcelain flower, is a smaller species of the genus Hoya native to the Philippines. Hoya bilobata is just one of over 200 species of the genus Hoya. Description Hoya bilobata is an evergreen perennial that is generally found trailing, but can have a climbing habit that grows to 24 inches or longer. H. bilobata can be considered either an epiphyte or a lithophyte. The H. bilobata leaves have a variable, sub-orbicular or broadly elliptic shape, with the leaf base being rounded to sub-acute and the leaf apex being obtuse-rounded. The adaxial surface of the leaves are a dull, olive-green colour with the abaxial surface being a lighter green. Leaves are generally 1.7–2.2 cm in length and 1.3–1.8 cm in width. Previous to the discovery of Hoya minutiflora, H. bilobata had the smallest recorded flowers of a Hoya. The flower clusters, or umbels, of H. bilobata have light pink petals that spread apart, with the tips curving upwards, to expose their yellow/pink central crowns. H. bilobata flowers have a mild, sweet fragrance. Each umbel can have up to 25 flowers. The umbels are produced from a peduncle 1–3 cm in length, with the petals of the flowers being only 6–7 mm in diameter. Taxonomy Hoya bilobata was originally collected on the Philippine island of Mindanao, and sent to Dr. Rudolph Schlechter, a German economic botanist, who first described it in 1906. H. bilobata is one of the many small leaved and flowered Hoyas belonging to Schlechter's section Acanthostemma. Acanthostemma species are characterised as having flowers with hairy corollas, coronas with outer lobes ending in two inward turning lateral extensions, and petal lobes that are completely revolute. A study by Wanntorp et al. (2006) found Hoya bilobata to be most closely related to Hoya heuschkeliana, as far as recognised species go, through sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast DNA. Cultivation Hoya plants often mislabelled as Hoya bilobata or Hoya tsangii in garden centers and big-box stores are actually Hoya sp. DS-70. This happens because the foliages of the three species so closely resemble each other, it is nearly impossible to differentiate between them without seeing the blooms of the plant. The difference between H. bilobata and H. sp. DS-70 is that the leaves of bilobata are non-pubescent and the flowers are smaller. This makes finding an actual H. bilobata more difficult to find than the H. sp ds70. Hoya bilobata prefers temperatures between 60–95 °F. Outdoors, it can be grown in a bright shaded area, and indoors it does best in bright indirect light. Like most hoyas, Hoya bilobata should be potted in a light, airy potting medium. A good mix is equal parts sphagnum moss, perlite, and orchid bark which will allow for sufficient drainage to prevent root rot. Hoya species tend to grow better in smaller pots, which allows for their roots to become pot-bound. This can also encourage flowering. Propagation can easily be done by separation or stem cuttings. Cuttings must have at least one node from which roots can grow from. Cuttings can be rooted directly in soil although this does not tend to be as successful, or they can be rooted in water or dampened sphagnum moss and then transferred to soil once adequate roots have been established. References bilobata bilobata
In typography (specifically Typeface anatomy), a stroke can end in a number of ways. Examples include: The serif, including: The regular serif The bracketed serif The half-serif The terminal, which is any stroke that does not end in a serif The , a tapered or curved end The , an extended or decorative flourish that replaces a serif or terminal on a letter The (or teardrop), as found in Caslon, Galliard, and Baskerville The , as found in Bodoni and Clarendon The , a sharp spur, as found in Perpetua, Pontifex, and Ignatius. Also defined as the triangular serifs on the straight lines of capitals like E, F and Z. Hooked Pear-shaped References Typography
St Xavier's Up-High School is a Co-education institution. English–Gujarati medium school, grades one through twelve, opened in 1963 and run by the Society of Jesus. in Surat, Gujarat, India. History The school was established in Nanpura in 1963. The first principal was Fr. Valentine, S.J. Later, the school moved to its current location on Ghod Dod Road, with another building which houses an auditorium and also has a lift for Standard 9th to 12th. Ethos The school concentrates on the all round development of a student. For this, students are given ample opportunities in sports as well as scholastic activities. The students are expected to expand their talent horizons. The school's patron is St. Francis Xavier. Academic Curriculum The school follows GSEB curriculum which is the state board of The Government of Gujarat. It has classes from kindergarten to class 10 in both English and Gujarati medium. It uses continuous and comprehensive evaluation. It also has classes 11 and 12 in both science and commerce streams, the latter only in English medium. The school was judged the best school in Surat district. The school has four houses named for former Indian national leaders: Sardar; Subhash; Tagore; and Tilak. All student except the kindergarten students are a part of any one of the above houses. Student Council The school maintains an active student council headed by the Head Boy who is assisted by assistant head boy. In each class, there are four captains belonging to each house which lead their respective houses in sports events. The RSP(s) are supposed to maintain discipline in class. Like the captains, there are four RSP(s) in each house. Facilities The school has a physics laboratory, chemistry laboratory, biology laboratory, computer laboratories and an English Language Lab and Extramarks SmartClass. The school has a well-stocked library and two large halls. The school has a very large campus complete with a large playground. It has a cricket ground with pitches, a football ground, basketball courts and a tennis court. Other sports include table tennis and skating. The school grounds have three pavilions namely Fr. Joachim More S.J. pavilion, Fr. Ornellas Coutinho S.J. pavilion and Fr. Ovelil S.J. pavilion. School Activities Annual Day: The annual day is the highlight of the school year. Many cultural programs such as dances, skits, singing are performed by students from all classes. Sports Day: The sports day is generally held in December. It is a gala event consisting of many sports competitions. There is a march past performed by the members of the student council. Students compete on behalf of their houses. There is intense competition between the houses. The feats of house members in the events are awarded points. The school with the most points wins the house cup. Voyage: It is an inter-school event in which schools from within the city as well as abroad participate. The competitions include General Knowledge quiz, spelling quiz, musical band competition, poster making competition, classical dance competition, debate and elocution. The winning school is awarded the Voyage Trophy. Summer Coaching Camp: It is held during the summer vacation. The students, irrespective of their schools are coached for sports like Cricket, Football, Tennis, Karate, Table tennis, Skating and Basketball. Teacher's Day: It is held on 5 September. There is a cultural program and the senior students are made teachers for a day. Leadership Day: The new student council takes charge on this day. It is held at the beginning of the school year. Golden Jubilee Celebration The 2012–13 academic year was celebrated as the golden jubilee year as the school had completed 50 years of establishment. Many cultural events were held. Every student was given a souvenir highlighting the school's journey. Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, the 11th President of India, was invited to deliver the Golden Jubilee Commemorative Speech. A huge event took place at the indoor stadium where Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam was invited. Notable alumni Freddy Daruwala Ankur Vikal See also List of Jesuit sites References High schools and secondary schools in Gujarat Christian schools in Gujarat Educational institutions established in 1963 1963 establishments in Gujarat
Chuprene Glacier (, ) is a long glacier draining the northwest slopes of Imeon Range on Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is situated northeast of Bistra Glacier, southwest of Yablanitsa Glacier and northwest of Krivodol Glacier, Pashuk Glacier and Rupite Glacier, and flows southwest of Drinov Peak and Popovo Saddle, and west of Slatina Peak and Varshets Saddle southwestward along the northwest slopes of Antim Peak and Evlogi Peak into Drake Passage south of Villagra Point and north of Garmen Point. Bulgarian early mapping in 2009. The glacier is named after the settlement of Chuprene in northwestern Bulgaria. See also List of glaciers in the Antarctic Glaciology Maps Chart of South Shetland including Coronation Island, &c. from the exploration of the sloop Dove in the years 1821 and 1822 by George Powell Commander of the same. Scale ca. 1:200000. London: Laurie, 1822. L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. ) South Shetland Islands: Smith and Low Islands. Scale 1:150000 topographic map No. 13677. British Antarctic Survey, 2009. Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated. L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017. References Chuprene Glacier SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English) External links Chuprene Glacier. Copernix satellite image Glaciers of Smith Island (South Shetland Islands) Bulgaria and the Antarctic
Chaos and Brutality is an EP by American thrash metal band Hirax. "Walk with Death" is a re-recorded version of a song off Hirax's 2001 EP, while "100,000 Strong" is the band's first recorded instrumental track. "Lucifer's Infierno Reprise" is a reprised version of the song "Lucifer's Infierno", which appeared on the band's 2007 EP Assassins of War. Track listing References 2007 EPs Hirax albums Thrash metal EPs Speed metal EPs
Thomas Pendergast (12 January 1870–1946) was an English footballer who played in the Football League for Accrington. Season 1889-90 Thomas Pendergast made his club and League debut as a 19 year old on 19 October 1889. The match was played at Thorneyholme Road, Accrington and the visitors were Burnley. Pendergast played as a left-sided inside forward. The match ended 2-2. He played 16 of Accrington' 22 League fixtures, all at Inside-Forward and he scored six goals in the season. The Lancashire Evening Post of 20 November 1889 made reference to Pendergast's first club and League goal which put Accrington 1-0 up. "Directly afterwards, however, Pendergast drew first blood." The article also states that Pendergast had a shot saved by Jimmy Warner not long after he scored. During the first-half Villa had taken a 2-1 lead and it was Pendergast who put them back in front. "The Reds (Accrington) had a fruitless corner, but before long Pendergast scored with a simple shot. He later played for Accrington Stanley and was a director of that club for many years. Statistics Source: References 1870 births 1946 deaths English men's footballers Accrington F.C. players English Football League players Men's association football forwards People from Oswaldtwistle Footballers from Lancashire
The ABC-79M (4x4) (Romanian: amfibiu blindat pentru cercetare) armoured personnel carrier has been developed in Romania and uses some automotive components of the TAB-77 (8 × 8) armoured personnel carrier. Although previously known as TABC-79 (transportorul blindat pentru cercetare), it is now known as the ABC-79M. The ABC-79M is a simplified version of the earlier TAB-77 8x8 armored personal carrier, which was itself a Romanian version of the BTR-70. Both vehicles share several common components. The ABC-79M is fully amphibious, and is equipped with a single water-jet for propulsion. Other equipment includes infra-red night-vision equipment, winch with 50m of cable and capacity of 5,500 kilograms, and central tire pressure regulation. It is also equipped with an engine preheater, to allow the engine to start in severe cold. It is equipped for nuclear, chemical, and biological warfare and features a 14.5mm KPVT heavy machine gun with 500 rounds of ammunition as primary armament. This is supplemented by a lighter 7.62mm machine gun with 2000 rounds of ammunition on board. Both weapons are located in a small one-man turret which is identical to turret of the TAB-77 and the earlier TAB-71M. Production is now complete, and the vehicle is no longer available for foreign or domestic sale. It is in use only with second line units of the Romanian military, and there have been no export orders other than a single vehicle purchased by Israel in 1994. No Israeli order followed the trials. Variants Variants include: TAB-C reconnaissance vehicle AM-425 armored personnel carrier TAB-79A PCOMA artillery observation vehicle TAB-79AR mortar carrier ML-A95M vehicle used for the CA-95M self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon Gallery Sources External links www.military-today.com Romanian Land Forces Armoured personnel carriers of Romania Amphibious armoured personnel carriers Wheeled amphibious armoured fighting vehicles Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s Wheeled armoured personnel carriers Armoured personnel carriers of the post–Cold War period
Gunhild Nygaard (born February 22, 1965) is a Norwegian fashion designer. She has her education from the Esmod fashion school in Paris, France. Since 1990, she has lived in Paris and has previously worked as designer at both Givenchy and Christian Dior. In 2007, she presented her first solo collection Gunhild, and received the award Créateur de l'Année from the mayor of Paris in 2009. In 2020, she launched the brand kaneles. The brand name originates from her nickname during childhood. References External links 1965 births Living people Norwegian fashion designers Norwegian women fashion designers
The First Tape Album is a part-studio, part-live cassette-only album released by English neo-progressive band Twelfth Night in 1980. Details The First Tape Album was the first by the band with the classically trained keyboard Rick Battersby, who was an old friend of the band (he had helped them with dry ice for their first band contest appearance). Twelfth Night was the first band he joined. His inclusion made the music fuller and more adventurous. The studio tracks ("Freddie Hepburn" and "Sequences") were recorded at Multium Studios, in Wokingham, England, in December 1979. "Fur Helene Part 1" was recorded live in concert at Reading University on 13 November 1979 and "Encore Une Fois" at The Bridge House, Bracknell, on 12 April 1980. The album has been reissued twice, in the 1980s with three extra (and exclusive) tracks, and again in the 1990s with two tracks from the Skan demos. The Cyclops re-issue of Live at the Target contains "Encore Une Fois" and "Freddie Hepburn" from this album. Track listing All songs written by Twelfth Night. (Hats Off To) Freddie Hepburn (8:54) Encore Une Fois (6:28) Sequences (17:40) Für Helene Part I (5:14) The First Tape Album Plus rereleased c. 1983 with the following tracks Für Helene Part I (5:14) as above Encore Une Fois (6:28) as above (Hats Off To) Freddie Hepburn (8:54) as above Für Helene Part II (3:46) ... The Bridge House, Bracknell, 12 April 1980 Encore Une Fois / World Without End (6:55) ... The Target, Reading, 21 November 1980 The Cunning Man (6:13) ... Reading University, 27 June 1980 Sequences (17:40) as above The First Tape Album Plus rereleased c. 1993 with the following tracks (Hats Off To) Freddie Hepburn (8:54) as above Encore Une Fois (6:28) as above Sequences (17:40) as above Für Helene Part I (5:14) as above Four and Three (5:30) ... Reading University, Reading, March 1979 Für Helene Part I (14:00) ... Reading University, Reading, March 1979 Personnel Brian Devoil drums, percussion Clive Mitten bass guitar, keyboards, classical guitar Andy Revell electric and acoustic guitar Rick Battersby keyboards References 1980 albums Twelfth Night (band) albums
Benjamin Fletcher Wright, (1900-1976), was an author and educator who was an authority on United States Constitutional law. He was the President of Smith College and also was a member of the faculties at the University of Texas. and Harvard University, with many works to his credit. Early life and education Wright was born in Austin, Texas, on February 8, 1900. His parents were Benjamin F. and Mary (Blanford) Wright. He had an interest in political science, and government, that developed at an early age, with a particular interest in Thomas Jefferson he acquired in grade school. Wright graduated from the University of Texas in 1921, where he earned a B.A. and M.A. degrees. In 1925 he attended Harvard University where he earned a Ph.D. In 1926, he married Alexa Rhea, whose marriage brought two children. Career Wright taught at the University of Texas from 1922 to 1926. In late 1926 Wright began teaching at Harvard from 1926 until coming to Smith in 1949. While at Harvard, he was the chairman of the Government department and served on the special Harvard Committee on General Education. He was a member of the Harvard faculty: from 1928 to 1940 an assistant professor, from 1940 to 1945 as associate professor and from 1945 to 1949 as a full professor. Wright was one among several authors of the "renowned" report published in 1945 by the Committee entitled, general Education in a Free Society. In 1949 he became the fifth president of Smith College, serving until 1959. After leaving Smith College, Wright she became a fellow for a term of one year at the center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science, at Stanford University in California. In 1950 he returned to the University of Texas as a professor of government where he taught until the year before his death. "The Office of the President: Benjamin Wright Papers" are in the possession of Smith College Library and are primarily related to his official duty while he served as President of Smith College. The papers consist of correspondence, memoranda, reports, legal documents, speeches, minutes, and newspaper articles. Wright died on Sunday, November 28, 1976, at his home in Austin, Texas, at the age of 76. Works Wright's works include: —— (1929) A source book of American political theory ——; (ed.) (1962) The Federalist See also Bibliography of the United States Constitution Founding Fathers of the United States Citations Sources 1900 births 1976 deaths Harvard University alumni University of Texas alumni University of Texas faculty American historians Academics from Austin, Texas Scholars of constitutional law
```java /* * * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the / package org.hongxi.whatsmars.netty.discard; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel; import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler; import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext; import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder; import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.SelfSignedCertificate; /* * Discards any incoming data. */ public final class DiscardServer { static final boolean SSL = System.getProperty("ssl") != null; static final int PORT = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("port", "8009")); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // Configure SSL. final SslContext sslCtx; if (SSL) { SelfSignedCertificate ssc = new SelfSignedCertificate(); sslCtx = SslContextBuilder.forServer(ssc.certificate(), ssc.privateKey()).build(); } else { sslCtx = null; } EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) { ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline(); if (sslCtx != null) { p.addLast(sslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc())); } p.addLast(new DiscardServerHandler()); } }); // Bind and start to accept incoming connections. ChannelFuture f = b.bind(PORT).sync(); // Wait until the server socket is closed. // In this example, this does not happen, but you can do that to gracefully // shut down your server. f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } } ```
National Child Labour Welfare Council () is a Bangladesh government council responsible for creating policies to end child labour in Bangladesh. History National Child Labour Welfare Council was established in 2014. The aim of the council is to plan and monitor the implementation of National Child Labor Elimination Policy. According to the National Child Labor Elimination Policy the Government of Bangladesh plans to eliminate all forms of child labour in Bangladesh. The first meeting of the council was held on 26 May 2015 in Dhaka. The meeting was chaired by Mujibul Haque, the State Minister of Labour and Employment. References 2014 establishments in Bangladesh Organisations based in Dhaka Government agencies of Bangladesh Research institutes in Bangladesh
Gerald B. Palmer (July 23, 1930 – May 6, 1984) was a Canadian football player who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and BC Lions. He played college football at the University of Toledo, where he earned a degree in business administration in 1952. References 1930 births 1984 deaths American football halfbacks Canadian football running backs African-American players of American football African-American players of Canadian football Toledo Rockets football players Winnipeg Blue Bombers players BC Lions players Sportspeople from Toledo, Ohio Players of American football from Ohio 20th-century African-American sportspeople
By-elections for Strakonice and Brno-City District Senate seats were held in the Czech Republic in October and November 2003. Election in Strakonice was held on 30 October-1 November and 7–8 November. Election in Brno-City was held on 7–8 November and 14–15 November. Elections were won by Josef Kalbáč in Strakonice and by Karel Jarůšek in Brno-City. Elections were held after incumbent Senators were appointed Judges of Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. Strakonice Main candidates were Pavel Pavel and Josef Kalbáč who faced each other in second round. Kalbáč won the second round. Brno-City Candidates included football manager Karel Jarůšek, Brno Councillor Rostislav Slavotínek, Minister of Health Marie Součková, Daniel Borecký and Journalist Petr Cibulka. Karel Jarůšek won the election when he defeated Rostislav Slavotínek in the second round. Minister Součková was eliminated in the first round when she received only 7.5% of votes which she blamed on strong campaign against her. References 2003 elections in the Czech Republic 2003
Sallar Deylami (Persian:سلار دیلمی) is one of the first Iranian Shia jurists during the fifth century of the Islamic calendar (11th century CE). He is considered a jurist of the class of Shaykh Tusi. Birth Abu Ali Hamzeh Ibn Abdul Aziz, known as Sallar Deylami (died in 448 or 463 Lunar Hijrah) was a Shia Jurist and religious scholar during the fifth lunar hijrah. He was born in the last half of fourth lunar hijrah, in Deylaman. He was the candidate of Shaykh Mufid and Sharif al-Murtaza in the affairs of teaching and education. He was versed in different disciplines and subjects but his dominance in fiqh is more prevalent. He is considered to be an eminent pupil of Shaykh Mufid and Sayyed Murtaza. He is also considered to be an important religious scholar after the occultation of Imam Mahdi the twelfth Shia Imam. His title, Abu Ya'li, designates dignity and superiority. The name Sallar may be an Arabized form of the Persian Salar. Characters Allameh Hilli considered Sallar among the eminent Shia jurists and writers. Abul Qasem khoei knows Sallar as trustworthy and reliable in tradition and jurisprudence. Some scholars like Soyuti count Sallar among the men of knowledge of Nahv (the grammar of the Arabic language). He also counted among ten Al-Marāsim al-‘Alawīyah fī al-aḥkām al-Nabawīyah. This book is considered among the early books on Shia jurisprudence. The part on peace is an independent section in Al-Marasem. Al-Muqna fi Madhhab Al-Taghrib fi Usul al-Fiqh Al-Tazkarah fi Haqiqat al-Juhar wa Araz ("A note on the reality of substance and property") Al-Abwab wa Usul fi Fiqh Al-Masa'il al-Sallariyah There are two eminent works by him written about shia jurisprudence. One of them is Tatmīm al-mulakhkhaṣ considered as a glossary on the book of Sharif Murtaza's "al-Mulakhkhaṣ". The book of Tatmim is lost. The other eminent book is called "Kitāb al-marāsim" many times published. Juridicial judgments He believed in the prohibition of creating sculpture. In addition, he divided criminals according to their intention of causing harm or not, into intentional, deliberate action and quasi-deliberate. Also he believes in legality of praying on Friday provided that the presence of infallible Imam or someone on behalf of him is included. Recent events In 2013, a congress was held for the sake of his place in Shia jurisprudence at the University of Tabriz in Iran. Some Mujtahid such as Ayatollah Nouri Hamedany and Jafar Sobhany delivered messages to this conference. See also Usuli Fiqh Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school Qom Seminary External links References Muslim scholars of Islamic jurisprudence Philosophers of law 11th-century deaths
The Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress is an annual award given by the Detroit Film Critics Society to honor the best supporting actor that year. Notes † indicates the winner of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Winners 2000s 2010s 2020s References Detroit Film Critics Society Awards Film awards for supporting actress Lists of films by award
"What About Love" is a song Heart released in 1985. What About Love may also refer to: "What About Love" (Austin Mahone song), 2013 "What About Love" (The Desert Rose Band song), 1993 "What About Love" ('Til Tuesday song), 1986 "What About Love", a song by Banks from the album III "What About Love?", a song by Lemar from the album Dedicated "What About Love?", a song by Meat Loaf from the album Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose "What About Love?", a song from the musical The Color Purple What About Love, an American romantic drama film starring Sharon Stone and Andy García See also "What About the Love", a 1988 song by Amy Grant
Dianthus orientalis, called the Georgian pink, is a species of pink in the carnation family found in the Levant, Anatolia, the Transcaucasus and the North Caucasus, Iraq and Iran, and disjunctly in Tibet and Xinjiang in China. Given its preference for drier, rocky and alkaline soils, and its attractive lilacpink flowers which appear in autumn, it is being studied as a potential ornamental plant, and for use on green roofs. Subspecies A number of subspecies have been described: Dianthus orientalis subsp. aphanoneurus Rech.f. Dianthus orientalis subsp. gilanicus Rech.f. Dianthus orientalis subsp. gorganicus Rech.f. Dianthus orientalis subsp. ketzkhovelii (Makaschv.) Nersesian Dianthus orientalis subsp. macropetalus (Boiss.) Rech.f. Dianthus orientalis subsp. nassireddinii (Stapf) Rech.f. Dianthus orientalis subsp. obtusisquameus (Boiss.) Rech.f. Dianthus orientalis subsp. stenocalyx (Boiss.) Rech.f. References orientalis Plants described in 1805
Debindro Singh or Devendra Singh or Devendrajit Singh or Debendra Singh (died 1871) was a Manipuri King who ruled in 1850 for a period of only three months at the age of forty-seven. He ended the custom of paying bribes to chiefs to gain land in Manipur. He was the successor to, and brother of Nara Singh, the regent of Gambhir Singh. He was given the title of Raja by the British, but he was unpopular. After only three months Chandrakirti Singh invaded Manipur while Devendra Singh fled to Cachar. He was later taken to Dhaka, now in Bangladesh, by the British in 1850 and settled there with a large number of followers. That is why he is also known as Dacca Taba Ningthou. Devendra Singh died at Sylhet in 1871. His daughter, Princess Kaboklei or Dhaka Rani married Maharaj Birchandra, King of Tripura. See also List of Manipuri kings Manipur (princely state) References Bibliography Hodson, Thomas Callan.The Meitheis. Harvard University, 1908. Sanajaoba, Naorem (Ed). (1988). Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization, Volume 4. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. Meitei royalty Hindu monarchs 1871 deaths Year of birth missing
Samuel Nyimakan is a Ghanaian politician and a member of the Third Parliament of the Fourth representing the Wulensi Constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana. Early life and education Samuel was born in Wulensi, a town in the Northern Region of Ghana. Politics Samuel was first elected into Parliament on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress during the December 2000 Ghanaian General Elections representing the Wulensi Constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana. He polled 9,537 votes out of the 17,536 valid votes cast representing 54.40%. His constituency was a part of the 16 parliamentary seats out of 21 seats won by the National Democratic Congress in that election for the Northern Region. He was elected over Alhaji Saani Iddi of the New Patriotic Party, Binyam S.Jangboja of the National Reform Party and Ayi Abudu-Rahaman of the Convention Peoples Party. These candidates obtained 6,884, 837and 278 respectively. These were equivalent to 39.30%, 4.80% and 1.60% respectively of total valid votes cast. Samuel was disqualified to stand as a candidate for election in the Wulensi Constituency in 2003. Career Samuel is a former member of Parliament for the Wulensi Constituency in the Northern Region of Ghana from 2001 to 2005. References Living people National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005 People from Northern Region (Ghana) Government ministers of Ghana Year of birth missing (living people)

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