text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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Pravin Krishna (born 1969) is Chung Ju Yung Distinguished Professor of International Economics and Business at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and the Department of Economics in the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins University. Krishna holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Columbia University and a B. Tech in Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. He is a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and serves on the editorial board of the Journal of International Economics. Krishna was previously Professor of Economics at Brown University and has held academic appointments at Princeton University, Stanford University and the University of Chicago.
Bibliography
Trade Blocs: Economics and Politics, Cambridge University Press (2005)
Trade Blocs: Alternate Analyses of Preferential Trade Agreements, Co-Editor with Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, MIT Press (1999)
External links
VOX Article
References
Living people
1969 births
IIT Bombay alumni
Brown University faculty |
Ecks vs. Sever is a first-person shooter video game for the Game Boy Advance handheld game console. It was developed by Crawfish Interactive and released in November 2001. The game is based on an early script of the 2002 film Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever, and is the first video game released before the film it is based on had even begun production. The sequel Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever was released within a week of the film and follows its plot line more closely than the first game does.
Gameplay
At the beginning of the game, players choose which character, Ecks or Sever, they wish to control. Both characters' plots intertwine and are given different level designs for each of their missions, amounting to eleven per character, with occasional boss battles against the other character. A password system is used to maintain player progress, with each level's password starting with the same first letter as the name of the character it is associated with. The gameplay is similar to other early FPS titles such as Doom, in that all of the graphics for enemies and weapons are 2D sprites in a 3D setting, and the controls utilize the d-pad for tank-like movement and shoulder buttons for strafing.
Development
Ecks vs. Sever was developed by Crawfish Interactive, which obtained the license to create the game based on an early rendition of a script for Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever, an upcoming action film which had not yet entered production. The close relationship between game publisher BAM! Entertainment and Franchise Pictures allowed for the option to develop games based on any of the film company's received scripts. Video game producer Tim Mawson explained that the decision to release the game prior to the film was based on the confidence by Bam! and Crawfish that Ecks vs. Sever was "a good enough game to stand on its own two feet". Mawson further stated that the creative team was "given free to a degree", allowing them mold a gameplay model around the base narrative, characters, and environments already provided. The team constantly referred to the film script during the early developmental phases "to ensure the gameplay elements were relevant to the license in terms of atmosphere, theme and content".
The Ecks vs. Sever video game was in development for about ten months. Because the game began production long before the release of the film, adjustments had to be made based on the changing screenplay. Most notably, the titular lead Sever was switched from male to female, forcing Crawfish to replace the graphical artwork for that character. Ecks vs. Sever utilizes an in-house graphics engine, first showcased by Crawfish with the opening level of Doom II, leading up to the launch of the GBA. This "pseudo-3D" engine lacks sloping floors, rooms above rooms, and textured ceilings so the game can run quicker. Mawson admitted that building a proprietary, first-person engine for the GBA was very difficult, requiring much trial and error. Crawfish's 3D raycasting engine for Ecks vs. Sever was originally written in C, but was later optimized into machine code for higher processing speeds. Lighting effects and more sprites existed in early stages of the project's development, but were scrapped to maintain acceptable frame rates. Multiplayer levels were also adjusted to prevent engine slowdown. Bam! European developmental director Joe Booth felt that although the game's engine was meant to "push the GBA envelope" of environment interaction and background animation, its multiple game modes set it apart from other FPSs on the handheld.
A PlayStation 2 version of Ecks vs. Sever was in development by Zombie Studios slated for release in November 2002. However, it was eventually cancelled.
Reception
Whereas the film is considered one of the worst ever made, the game Ecks vs. Sever received positive reviews, garnering an aggregate score of 80 out of 100 on Metacritic. IGN gave the game an "outstanding" 9.0/10 and an Editor's Choice award, calling it "the best GBA first person shooter to date" and "one of the best four player games made yet for the Game Boy Advance."
References
2001 video games
Cancelled PlayStation 2 games
First-person shooters
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games based on films
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games with 2.5D graphics
Sprite-based first-person shooters
Crawfish Interactive games |
The Last Faust is a 2019 feature art film written and directed by the German artist Philipp Humm. Set in 2059, it is a contemporary interpretation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's 1808 Faust and the first film directly based on both parts of the tragedy. It stars English actors Steven Berkoff (Dr. Goodfellow) and, Martin Hancock (Faust). Its music is based on Richard Wagner with tracks from Swiss electronic music duo Yello.
The film is part of a bigger project with the same name - The Last Faust, it is Humm's Gesamtkunstwerk (total works of art) and "entails more than 150 artworks including a feature artfilm, an illustrated novella and collections of drawings, sculptures, fine art photographs and paintings."
Plot
It is 2059 and Tech CEO Dr. Goodfellow is hiding in the townhouse of his late mother. The house is safe as it is not connected to the AI-neural network, a creation of Goodfellow, which is now on the verge of eliminating the human race. Goodfellow is accompanied by his latest creation, an advanced android Paris, to whom Goodfellow tells the story of his predecessor Faust.
The story begins with God and Devil (Mephisto) making a bet, over a game of chess. God, believing in humankind, says that Mephisto cannot corrupt Dr Faust, a faithful scientist and CEO of Winestone Inc, a Silicon Valley company. Mephisto disagrees and thus visits Faust on Earth, first disguised as a poodle and then as a hedge fund manager. His attempts are successful, Faust’s desire to emulate God and create a superhuman is so strong that he agrees to exchange his soul for unlimited access to knowledge.
However, Mephisto, the mischievous devil, tricks Faust and exposes him to carnal lust instead of giving him access to so greatly desired knowledge. Deceived by the Devil, Faust falls in love with a 16-year-old Gretchen, a love story ending with her tragic death, the death of her and Faust’s child and the death of her mother and brother.
Unperturbed by this tragedy Faust, still full of carnal lust, demands to meet Helen of Troy, the most beautiful woman ever known, who he had seen in a vision. Faust, Mephisto and Homunculus, the AI-robot created by Faust, travel back in time 4000 years and end up in Greek mythology. Faust finds and marries Helen which leads to a birth of a child named Euphorion. With another turn in tragic events, Euphorion dies and Helen disappears.
Faust grieving and all alone is finally freed from the shackles of his lust. He joins forces with Mephisto and time travels back to help his reigning Emperor win a war. Following their victory Faust is granted an estate. He shifts his focus towards regaining land from the sea and enjoying his life as a capitalist. On his death bed Faust writes a Manifesto of an egalitarian society, later compared to the Communist Manifesto. After Faust’s death, his soul is resurrected and reunited with Gretchen, pointing to the strange moral standards of the catholic church.
As Dr. Goodfellow finishes the story of Faust, Paris stops recording and sends it off into the cyberspace where it is safely stored in a time capsule for future generations to discover. In the meantime, the AI neural network finds Goodfellow’s hide-out indicating the end of mankind.
Cast
Steven Berkoff as Dr. Goodfellow, Faust's successor. He narrates the story of Faust. Goodfellow stands for Silicon Valley, where unshackled technological progress like AI endangers humanity. The role, played by British theatre and film veteran Steven Berkoff, is inspired by Charles Gray, who played the narrator in The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Berkoff inspired by The Last Faust went on to produce Harvey, a one-man West End show, written and performed by the actor.
Martin Hancock as Dr. Faust, scientist and CEO of Winestone Inc., a high-tech company from Silicon Valley. A tragic character, genius with little empathy and who temporarily succumbs to his lust. An early version of Harvey Weinstein. Christoph Waltz was used as a casting reference.
Glyn Dilley as Mephisto, the devil who likes to trick humans and enjoys a good prank. He appears first as a poodle and later as his true earthly self - a hedge fund manager. The actor Ben Kingsley was used as a casting reference.
Yvonne Mai as Gretchen, a beautiful 16-year old receptionist of Winestone Inc. who falls for the company’s CEO Dr. Faust. Gretchen Is a victim, who sometimes is a perpetrator as well.
Scarlett Mellish Wilson as Helen, the most beautiful woman ever, daughter of Zeus and Leda. Abducted by Paris in Greek mythology and by Dr Faust in Goethe's Faust.
Isabella Bliss as Angel, who protects Dr. Faust to ensure that God's bet with Mephisto can be carried out without fail. Anna Nicole Smith was used as a casting reference.
Edwin De La Renta as Homunculus and Paris - the Superhuman. Edwin plays the AI-robot Homunculus, created by Dr. Faust, and Paris, a more evolved AI-robot created by Dr Goodfellow. To make a statement Humm chose to cast a black actor, give him blue contact lenses and dye his hair blond in stark contrast to how the character would be portrayed in the original story.
Production
Development
The film was part of a bigger project – Humm’s Gesamtkunstwerk (also called The Last Faust), a total works of art with over 150 artworks, including an illustrated novella, and a collection of fine-art photos, sculptures, pencil drawings, and paintings. Originally, Humm envisioned to only produce a fine-art photo collection. It then evolved organically to a full length feature film.
The film’s script is made of two parts:
The core script telling the story of Dr. Faust. Humm used the English translation by Martin Greenberg of the original text from Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust, which Humm edited and shortened. The script was structured in 37 chapters or scenes, which Humm felt were the most relevant.
A narrator script, which guides the viewer through the 37 scenes and tells the story of Faust's successor - Dr. Goodfellow. This part was written by Philipp Humm and Ellen Elkin.
The scenes were visualized by Humm into 37 large scale pencil drawings, which later became the storyboard for the film and a foundation for the fine-art photos.
Filming and design
Following the structure of the script, the film was shot in two parts over 20 days with three days of rehearsals.
The core part of the film was shot over 15 days in June 2018 in parallel with the fine-art photo production. The crew used two adjacent studios at Park Royal Studio’s, London. On average the team produced 2.5 film and 2.5 photo scenes per day - it was regarded as an intense production. The locations, being primarily photography tailored, were not fully sound proof and the film team had to work around external noise issues, ice cream vans in particular were a funny nuisance. To make such an intense production schedule possible, Humm reverted to projections and lights with few iconic, theatrical props, instead of extensive set-building. The team set up a massive projection screen at the rear of the film studio giving the movie a strong sense of a theatrical performance. Humm was inspired by the projections and light designs crafted by Robert Wilson.
Rehearsal and fittings with actors and dancers spanned across two weeks and four days.
To begin filming the second part of the script, in August 2018 Humm recruited Ellen Elkin to rework the narrator text that he had written. Meanwhile, Daniele Mah recruited and cast Steven Berkoff to play Dr Goodfellow. The remaining film and photo productions took place in a luxurious heritage townhouse at Lordship Park 89, London. It took five days and finished in September 2018.
The film was shot on Blackmagic URSA Minipro with Hanse Inno Tech Celere HS, and a P&S anamorph zoom 35-70mm lenses. Aspect ratio 1.78/1 and 2.35/1.
Post-production and music
Post-production of the film took place in Germany and started in October 2018. Dominic Wieschermann worked closely with Humm over three weeks to edit the film while fine-art photos using the photos taken by Mah and Griffiths in the studio were transformed by Humm working with John Fox, a London based CGI artist. The post-production process for the movie took four months.
The music in The Last Faust is inspired by Richard Wagner's piano tracks and was composed and produced by Florian Siegmund / HAUS Building Sound. Remaining music sequences, such as Yello songs, and sound effects were recorded and mixed by Felix Sievert / Concord Audio in his Hamburg studio.
Themes
Artificial Intelligence
Dr. Goodfellow succeeded Dr. Faust as CEO and Chief Scientist of Winestone Inc. Under his leadership, the Silicon Valley Company developed an AI-powered neural network to which all humans and things were deeply connected. The creation of the network was made possible with quantum computing, which gave the processing power required for self-learning intelligence. The network did good for humanity and the planet. However, one day it concluded that its creators, the humans were detrimental to Earth and decided to eliminate them.
Dr. Goodfellow underestimated the risks of unleashed technological progress. With technologies like AI, mankind has developed weapons which will be uncontrollable. Mankind’s future will depend on the goodwill of machines.
“Futurologists all agree on one basic premise, our human brains are still firmly lodged in the Stone Age, machines are unencumbered by hunger or cold, the constant push for efficiency will consign us to the scrap heap, and it’s unlikely that machine historians will even mention us. We’ll be phased out of the collective memory much in the same way that the Americas began with Columbus, modern history, in The Last Faust at least will begin in 2059”
Harvey Weinstein and #metoo
Part 1 of Goethe’s Faust is the love story of an old Dr. Faust falling in love with a 14-year-old girl of luminous beauty Gretchen. Faust entered a pact with the Devil Mephisto to access the keys to God’s creation. Mephisto tricked him and instead gave him carnal lust, the unrestrained desire for young flesh. Faust uses his position of power and the Devil’s powers to seduce Gretchen. The love story ends tragically with Gretchen’s, her child’s, her mother’s and her brother’s deaths.
Vladimir Nabokov’s protagonist Humbert Humbert follows a similar fate, obsessed by adolescent Lolita, his justification for seduction is the worship of youth. Harvey Weinstein resembles Faust, yet differs as he consumed sexual relationships. He stood atop a Hollywood empire. He was also a sexual predator, weaponizing his position to abuse and coerce young actresses.
In Goethe’s world, Faust is a redeemable monster. Faust soul gets called to paradise in the last act of the play in an act of mercy by Gretchen. Before this, Gretchen is thrown into jail and executed for infanticide of Faust's child out of wedlock. Goethe was a jury member in a similar case and approved the death penalty for a young girl who gave birth outside of wedlock and later killed the child. Women were unfairly treated for childbirth outside of wedlock while their seducers were able to escape; an injustice Goethe represented through the Gretchen tragedy.
Catholic Church’s ethics
One could argue that the Catholic Church made Faust possible, in particular, the dark sides of Faust. Heinrich Heine said that Faust was the beginning of a critical attitude to religion/church and the beginning of the scientific era. The “Faustische” is not only the pact between Mephisto (Experience) and Faust (Knowledge) but it also the bet between God (Good) and Mephisto (Evil). As God cannot lose a bet– otherwise God would be fallible - God accepts the poor ethical choices Faust makes throughout his life as long as Faust continues to strive for the truth.
The Church finances a counter Emperor when the Pope realizes that the acting Emperor deteriorates the economy, thus reducing Church tax incomes. When the Emperor wins the war with the help of Mephisto and Faust, the Church again gets its share in the form of land and taxes. The Church derives its power from its right to name the Emperor and from its material wealth. Goethe references the creation of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th century where the four princes electors (Saxon, Bavarian, Swabian, and Frank) and the archbishop of Mainz were electing the Emperor, who would then receive the Papal coronation. Goethe was possibly also referencing 1815 (Congress of Vienna), when the feudal system and the feudal rights of the Church, abolished 1803, were reinstated temporarily until 1848, after Goethe’s death.
Goethe and Draghi/Greenspan
Faust takes the role of Plutus the King of Wealth in a carnival-like game procession at the Emperor’s court. He announces to the Emperor the wealth to come. Mephisto becomes his central banker. Mephisto introduces paper money to replace gold-based currency. This has to be understood in the historical context of Goethe’s time. In 1716 John Law, a Scottish Banker, tried to eliminate the state deficit by introducing paper money. The attempt failed in 1720, but the paper money was there to stay as it got facilitated by newly created banks. In Faust, the failing economy quickly - temporarily - recovers. However, as spending was financed by printing more money, the state deficit grew on the verge of strangulating the economy, which led to the Pope sponsoring a counter Emperor to overthrow the incompetent acting Emperor. While the government failed economically, many influential courtesans paid off their debt with paper and amassed wealth. The modern asset-based capitalism was born.
Release
Film was released on December 2, 2019, as a VOD on online streaming platforms and later as a DVD.
Reception
Stuart Jeffries wrote in The Guardian that "Certainly, Humm’s adaptation tackles sexual harassment, artificial intelligence, the troubling ethical ramifications of technological innovation, the stuff of a million comment pieces." and Stewart Clarke in Variety noted that the presented topics speak "to the modern relevance of Goethe's interpretation of the German legend". Review by Suzi Feay from Financial Times was featured as a 'pick of the week' and described the movie as outlandish and grandiose, while Jo Good referred to it as "something you absolutely cannot miss" on BBC Radio London interview.
The Last Faust received positive critical reviews on Rotten Tomatoes. Dylan Andersen from Film Threat, scored the film 8 out of 10 and stated "Be you a patron of the theatre, a long-time fan of Goethe, or simply seeking an introduction to the story of Faust, this movie satiates all. Even the casual observer will have a good time with this film". Rich Cline, Rotten Tomatoes critic writing for Shadows on the Wall, rated the film 3 out of 5 and wrote that "Humm and codirector-cinematographer Wieschermann created a staggering variety of vivid tableaux to depict this story, and the film arrives accompanied with paintings, photography, sculptures and a novella. In other words, this feels more like a museum piece than a movie, designed to tease and confront the viewer rather than to recount a coherent story with empathetic characters. Yes, it's very difficult, but Humm's purely bonkers approach is dazzling".
Britflicks's Jane Foster praised The Last Faust "if Art house and Faust are your thing, or you’re a fan of Steven Berkoff, The Last Faust, is for you...with such strong performances, this is a piece worth a look for that alone" and Liselotte Vanophem from OC movie reviews said that "There’s absolutely no denying that “The Last Faust” was made with immense passion, dedication, and craftsmanship. The result will not be loved by everyone but it’s still a very peculiar, unique, beautiful and expressive movie". Wendy Attwell from Set the Tape gave the movie 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "It’s a fascinating interpretation, and one that no doubt will be foist upon students of literature and theatre for years to come, confusing as much as enlightening them". A similar review with a rating of 5 out of 10 came from The Spinning Image's Graeme Clark who wrote "The screenwriter and director here, Philipp Humm, was one who put his stamp on it in the style of video artists, a strain of modern art that adopted the latest technology to craft its imagery and put across its themes".
The film also got attention from the German press. Ulrich Bierman in the radio interview for Deutschlandfunk said that the movie is a total work of art, and Hans-Georg Rodek from national newspaper Die Welt praised Philipp Humm for the use of expressionistic backdrops and doing what no director has dared to do yet.
References
External links
The Last Faust official website
2019 films
Films based on Goethe's Faust
Films set in the 21st century
English films
Faust legend
Faust
Dark fantasy
The Devil in film
Fictional mad scientists
Medieval legends
Deal with the Devil
Supernatural legends
German plays adapted into films
2010s English-language films |
The following elections occurred in the year 1957.
Africa
1957 Gabonese legislative election
1957 Chadian parliamentary election
1957 Ethiopian general election
1957 Guinean Territorial Assembly election
1957 Upper Volta territorial assembly election
1956–1957 Kenyan legislative election
1957 Senegalese Territorial Assembly election
1957 Sierra Leonean legislative election
1957 Ubangi-Shari parliamentary election
1957 Zanzibari general election
Asia
1957 Israeli presidential election
1957 North Korean parliamentary election
1957 Philippine House of Representatives elections
1957 Singapore City Council election
February 1957 Thai general election
December 1957 Thai general election
1957 Philippine general election:
1957 Philippine presidential election
1957 Philippine House of Representatives elections
1957 Philippine Senate election
India
1957 Indian general election
1951–1971 Indian general elections
Indian general election in Madras, 1957
1957 Indian presidential election
1957 Madras State legislative assembly election
1957 West Bengal state assembly election
Europe
1957 Danish parliamentary election
1957 Irish general election
1957 Portuguese legislative election
1957 Turkish general election
1957 West German federal election
1957 Norwegian parliamentary election
1957 Polish legislative election
United Kingdom
1957 Bristol West by-election
1957 Carmarthen by-election
1957 Ipswich by-election
North America
1957 British Honduras legislative election
Canada
1957 Alberta liquor plebiscite
1957 Edmonton municipal election
1957 Canadian federal election
1957 Northwest Territories general election
Caribbean
1957 Haitian presidential election
South America
1957 Argentine Constitutional Assembly election
1957 Guatemalan general election
1957 Honduran Constituent Assembly election
1957 Honduran presidential election
1957 Nicaraguan general election
Oceania
1957 New Zealand general election
Australia
1957 Queensland state election
See also
1957
Elections |
The Bandar Bukit Tinggi LRT station is designated to be an elevated light rapid transit station in Bandar Bukit Tinggi, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia, forming part of the Shah Alam line.
The station is marked as Station No. 24 along the RM9 billion line project with the line's maintenance depot located in Johan Setia, Klang. The Bandar Bukit Tinggi LRT station is equipped with the Park & Ride facility, feeder bus and taxi stands, kiosks and restrooms and is directly connected to the AEON Bukit Tinggi Shopping Centre. The station is expected to be operational in February 2024, but Transport Minister Anthony Loke mentioned that the overall line would be expected to be operational by 1st March 2025 adding more delays to the opening of the Shah Alam Line.
Surrounding Developments
Major developments in the vicinity of this Station:
AEON Bukit Tinggi Shopping Centre
Bandar Bukit Tinggi 2
The Canvas Hotel
Bandar Botanic commercial area
GM Klang Wholesale City
The Landmark commercial area
Impiria Residences
Car park
References
External links
Official LRT 3 project website
LRT 3 project video
Prasarana Malaysia Berhad, LRT 3 operator
Bukit Tinggi LRT Station - mrt.com.my
Batu Nilam (AEON Bukit Tinggi) LRT station facts
Klang (city)
Rail transport in Malaysia |
Gemmobacter megaterium is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Gemmobacter which has been isolated from planktonic seaweed from the Zhoushan sea area in China.
References
Rhodobacteraceae
Bacteria described in 2014 |
2009 President's Cup may refer to:
2009 President's Cup (Maldives), football
2009 President's Cup (tennis) |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var setReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/utils/define-nonenumerable-read-only-property' );
var isFunction = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-function' );
var isNumber = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-number' ).isPrimitive;
var isIteratorLike = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-iterator-like' );
var iteratorSymbol = require( '@stdlib/symbol/iterator' );
var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Returns an iterator which performs element-wise subtraction of two or more iterators.
*
* ## Notes
*
* - If provided a numeric value as an iterator argument, the value is broadcast as an **infinite** iterator which **always** returns the provided value.
* - If an iterated value is non-numeric (including `NaN`), the returned iterator returns `NaN`. If non-numeric iterated values are possible, you are advised to provide an iterator which type checks and handles non-numeric values accordingly.
* - The length of the returned iterator is equal to the length of the shortest provided iterator. In other words, the returned iterator ends once **one** of the provided iterators ends.
* - If an environment supports `Symbol.iterator` and all provided iterators are iterable, the returned iterator is iterable.
*
* @param {Iterator} iter0 - first input iterator
* @param {...(Iterator|number)} iterator - subsequent iterators
* @throws {Error} must provide two or more iterators
* @throws {TypeError} must provide iterator protocol-compliant objects
* @returns {Iterator} iterator
*
* @example
* var array2iterator = require( '@stdlib/array/to-iterator' );
*
* var it1 = array2iterator( [ 1.0, 5.0 ] );
* var it2 = array2iterator( [ 3.0, 4.0 ] );
*
* var iter = iterSubtract( it1, it2 );
*
* var v = iter.next().value;
* // returns -2.0
*
* v = iter.next().value;
* // returns 1.0
*
* var bool = iter.next().done;
* // returns true
*/
function iterSubtract() {
var iterators;
var types;
var niter;
var iter;
var FLG;
var i;
niter = arguments.length;
if ( niter < 2 ) {
throw new Error( 'insufficient arguments. Must provide two or more iterators.' );
}
iterators = [];
types = [];
for ( i = 0; i < niter; i++ ) {
iterators.push( arguments[ i ] );
if ( isIteratorLike( arguments[ i ] ) ) {
types.push( 1 );
} else if ( isNumber( arguments[ i ] ) ) {
types.push( 0 );
} else {
throw new TypeError( format( 'invalid argument. Must provide an iterator protocol-compliant object or a number. Argument: `%u`. Value: `%s`.', i, arguments[ i ] ) );
}
}
// Create an iterator protocol-compliant object:
iter = {};
setReadOnly( iter, 'next', next );
setReadOnly( iter, 'return', end );
// If an environment supports `Symbol.iterator` and all provided iterators are iterable, make the iterator iterable:
if ( iteratorSymbol ) {
for ( i = 0; i < niter; i++ ) {
if ( types[ i ] && !isFunction( iterators[ i ][ iteratorSymbol ] ) ) { // eslint-disable-line max-len
FLG = true;
break;
}
}
if ( !FLG ) {
setReadOnly( iter, iteratorSymbol, factory );
}
}
FLG = false;
i = 0;
return iter;
/**
* Returns an iterator protocol-compliant object containing the next iterated value.
*
* @private
* @returns {Object} iterator protocol-compliant object
*/
function next() {
var s;
var v;
var i;
if ( FLG ) {
return {
'done': true
};
}
if ( types[ 0 ] ) {
v = iterators[ 0 ].next();
if ( v.done ) {
FLG = true;
return v;
}
if ( typeof v.value === 'number' ) {
s = v.value;
} else {
s = NaN;
}
} else {
s = iterators[ 0 ];
}
for ( i = 1; i < niter; i++ ) {
if ( types[ i ] ) {
v = iterators[ i ].next();
if ( v.done ) {
FLG = true;
return v;
}
if ( typeof v.value === 'number' ) {
s -= v.value;
} else {
s = NaN;
}
} else {
s -= iterators[ i ];
}
}
return {
'value': s,
'done': false
};
}
/**
* Finishes an iterator.
*
* @private
* @param {*} [value] - value to return
* @returns {Object} iterator protocol-compliant object
*/
function end( value ) {
FLG = true;
if ( arguments.length ) {
return {
'value': value,
'done': true
};
}
return {
'done': true
};
}
/**
* Returns a new iterator.
*
* @private
* @returns {Iterator} iterator
*/
function factory() {
var args;
var i;
args = [];
for ( i = 0; i < niter; i++ ) {
if ( types[ i ] ) {
args.push( iterators[ i ][ iteratorSymbol ]() );
} else {
args.push( iterators[ i ] );
}
}
return iterSubtract.apply( null, args );
}
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = iterSubtract;
``` |
Greblo Island (, ) is the mostly ice-covered island 763 km long in west–east direction and 95 m wide in the Dannebrog Islands group of Wilhelm Archipelago in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Its surface area is 4.7 ha.
The feature is so named because of its shape supposedly resembling an oarfish ('greblo' being the Bulgarian for 'oar'), and in association with other descriptive names of islands in the area.
Location
Greblo Island is located at , which is 3.94 km north by west of the west extremity of Booth Island, 509 m east-southeast of Meduza Island, 25 m south of Raketa Island and 1.46 km northwest of Rollet Island. British mapping in 2001.
Maps
British Admiralty Nautical Chart 446 Anvers Island to Renaud Island. Scale 1:150000. Admiralty, UK Hydrographic Office, 2001
Brabant Island to Argentine Islands. Scale 1:250000 topographic map. British Antarctic Survey, 2008
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated
See also
List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
Notes
References
Greblo Island. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Greblo Island. Adjusted Copernix satellite image
Islands of the Wilhelm Archipelago
Bulgaria and the Antarctic |
David Albert Huffman (August 9, 1925 – October 7, 1999) was an American pioneer in computer science, known for his Huffman coding. He was also one of the pioneers in the field of mathematical origami.
Education
Huffman earned his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Ohio State University in 1944. Then, he served two years as an officer in the United States Navy. He returned to Ohio State to earn his master's degree in electrical engineering in 1949. In 1953, he earned his Doctor of Science in electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), with the thesis The Synthesis of Sequential Switching Circuits, advised by Samuel H. Caldwell.
Career
Huffman joined the faculty at MIT in 1953. In 1967, he joined the faculty of University of California, Santa Cruz and helped found its Computer Science Department, where he served as chair from 1970 to 1973. He retired in 1994.
Huffman is best known for Huffman coding, which he published while a ScD student at MIT in 1952. Huffman came up with the algorithm when a professor offered students to either take the traditional final exam, or improve a leading algorithm for data compression. Huffman reportedly was more proud of his work "The Synthesis of Sequential Switching Circuits," which was the topic of his 1953 MIT thesis (an abridged version of which was published in the Journal of the Franklin Institute in 1954.)
Awards and honors
1955: The Louis E. Levy Medal from the Franklin Institute for his doctoral thesis on sequential switching circuits.
1973: The W. Wallace McDowell Award from the IEEE Computer Society.
1981: Charter recipient of the Computer Pioneer Award from the IEEE Computer Society.
1998: A Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation from the IEEE Information Theory Society, for "the invention of the Huffman minimum-length lossless data-compression code".
1999: The IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal.
References
External links
1925 births
1999 deaths
American information theorists
Ohio State University College of Engineering alumni
University of California, Santa Cruz faculty
20th-century American mathematicians
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni |
```c
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#define NAME "aversin"
#define ITERATIONS 1000000
#define REPEATS 3
/**
* Prints the TAP version.
*/
static void print_version( void ) {
printf( "TAP version 13\n" );
}
/**
* Prints the TAP summary.
*
* @param total total number of tests
* @param passing total number of passing tests
*/
static void print_summary( int total, int passing ) {
printf( "#\n" );
printf( "1..%d\n", total ); // TAP plan
printf( "# total %d\n", total );
printf( "# pass %d\n", passing );
printf( "#\n" );
printf( "# ok\n" );
}
/**
* Prints benchmarks results.
*
* @param elapsed elapsed time in seconds
*/
static void print_results( double elapsed ) {
double rate = (double)ITERATIONS / elapsed;
printf( " ---\n" );
printf( " iterations: %d\n", ITERATIONS );
printf( " elapsed: %0.9f\n", elapsed );
printf( " rate: %0.9f\n", rate );
printf( " ...\n" );
}
/**
* Returns a clock time.
*
* @return clock time
*/
static double tic( void ) {
struct timeval now;
gettimeofday( &now, NULL );
return (double)now.tv_sec + (double)now.tv_usec/1.0e6;
}
/**
* Generates a random number on the interval [0,1).
*
* @return random number
*/
static double rand_double( void ) {
int r = rand();
return (double)r / ( (double)RAND_MAX + 1.0 );
}
/**
* Runs a benchmark.
*
* @return elapsed time in seconds
*/
static double benchmark( void ) {
double elapsed;
double x;
double y;
double t;
int i;
t = tic();
for ( i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++ ) {
x = ( 2.0*rand_double() ) - 0.0;
y = acos( 1.0 - x );
if ( y != y ) {
printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
break;
}
}
elapsed = tic() - t;
if ( y != y ) {
printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
}
return elapsed;
}
/**
* Main execution sequence.
*/
int main( void ) {
double elapsed;
int i;
// Use the current time to seed the random number generator:
srand( time( NULL ) );
print_version();
for ( i = 0; i < REPEATS; i++ ) {
printf( "# c::%s\n", NAME );
elapsed = benchmark();
print_results( elapsed );
printf( "ok %d benchmark finished\n", i+1 );
}
print_summary( REPEATS, REPEATS );
}
``` |
Germanium (32Ge) has five naturally occurring isotopes, 70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge, and 76Ge. Of these, 76Ge is very slightly radioactive, decaying by double beta decay with a half-life of 1.78 × 1021 years (130 billion times the age of the universe).
Stable 74Ge is the most common isotope, having a natural abundance of approximately 36%. 76Ge is the least common with a natural abundance of approximately 7%. When bombarded with alpha particles, the isotopes 72Ge and 76Ge will generate stable 75As and 77Se, releasing high energy electrons in the process.
At least 27 radioisotopes have also been synthesized ranging in atomic mass from 58 to 89. The most stable of these is 68Ge, decaying by electron capture with a half-life of 270.95 d. It decays to the medically useful positron-emitting isotope 68Ga. (See gallium-68 generator for notes on the source of this isotope, and its medical use.) The least stable known germanium isotope is 60Ge with a half-life of 30 ms.
While most of germanium's radioisotopes decay by beta decay, 61Ge and 65Ge can also decay by β+-delayed proton emission. 84Ge through 87Ge also have minor β−-delayed neutron emission decay paths.
76Ge is used in experiments on the nature of neutrinos, by searching for neutrinoless double beta decay.
List of isotopes
|-
| 58Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 26
| 57.99101(34)#
|
| 2p
| 56Zn
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 59Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 27
| 58.98175(30)#
|
| 2p
| 57Zn
| 7/2−#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|60Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28
| rowspan=2|59.97019(25)#
| rowspan=2|30# ms
| β+
| 60Ga
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| 2p
| 58Zn
|-
| rowspan=2|61Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 29
| rowspan=2|60.96379(32)#
| rowspan=2|39(12) ms
| β+, p (80%)
| 60Zn
| rowspan=2|(3/2−)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+ (20%)
| 61Ga
|-
| 62Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 30
| 61.95465(15)#
| 129(35) ms
| β+
| 62Ga
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 63Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 31
| 62.94964(21)#
| 142(8) ms
| β+
| 63Ga
| (3/2−)#
|
|
|-
| 64Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| 63.94165(3)
| 63.7(25) s
| β+
| 64Ga
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|65Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 33
| rowspan=2|64.93944(11)
| rowspan=2|30.9(5) s
| β+ (99.99%)
| 65Ga
| rowspan=2|(3/2)−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (.01%)
| 64Zn
|-
| 66Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 34
| 65.93384(3)
| 2.26(5) h
| β+
| 66Ga
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 67Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 35
| 66.932734(5)
| 18.9(3) min
| β+
| 67Ga
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 67m1Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 18.20(5) keV
| 13.7(9) μs
|
|
| 5/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 67m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 751.70(6) keV
| 110.9(14) ns
|
|
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| 68Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 36
| 67.928094(7)
| 271.05(8) d
| EC
| 68Ga
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 69Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| 68.9279645(14)
| 39.05(10) h
| β+
| 69Ga
| 5/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 69m1Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 86.765(14) keV
| 5.1(2) μs
|
|
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 69m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 397.944(18) keV
| 2.81(5) μs
|
|
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| 70Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 38
| 69.9242474(11)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 0+
| 0.2038(18)
|
|-
| 71Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 39
| 70.9249510(11)
| 11.43(3) d
| EC
| 71Ga
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 71mGe
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 198.367(10) keV
| 20.40(17) ms
| IT
| 71Ge
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| 72Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| 71.9220758(18)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 0+
| 0.2731(26)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 72mGe
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 691.43(4) keV
| 444.2(8) ns
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 73Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 41
| 72.9234589(18)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 9/2+
| 0.0776(8)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 73m1Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 13.2845(15) keV
| 2.92(3) μs
|
|
| 5/2+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 73m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 66.726(9) keV
| 499(11) ms
|
|
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| 74Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 42
| 73.9211778(18)
| colspan=3 align=center|Stable
| 0+
| 0.3672(15)
|
|-
| 75Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 43
| 74.9228589(18)
| 82.78(4) min
| β−
| 75As
| 1/2−
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 75m1Ge
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 139.69(3) keV
| rowspan=2|47.7(5) s
| IT (99.97%)
| 75Ge
| rowspan=2|7/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−
| 75As
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 75m2Ge
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 192.18(7) keV
| 216(5) ns
|
|
| 5/2+
|
|
|-
| 76Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 44
| 75.9214026(18)
| (2.022±0.018±0.038) y
| β−β−
| 76Se
| 0+
| 0.0783(7)
|
|-
| 77Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 45
| 76.9235486(18)
| 11.30(1) h
| β−
| 77As
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 77mGe
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 159.70(10) keV
| rowspan=2|52.9(6) s
| β− (79%)
| 77As
| rowspan=2|1/2−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (21%)
| 77Ge
|-
| 78Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 46
| 77.922853(4)
| 88(1) min
| β−
| 78As
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 79Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 47
| 78.9254(1)
| 18.98(3) s
| β−
| 79As
| (1/2)−
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 79mGe
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 185.95(4) keV
| rowspan=2|39.0(10) s
| β− (96%)
| 79As
| rowspan=2|(7/2+)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (4%)
| 79Ge
|-
| 80Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 48
| 79.92537(3)
| 29.5(4) s
| β−
| 80As
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 81Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 49
| 80.92882(13)
| 7.6(6) s
| β−
| 81As
| 9/2+#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 81mGe
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 679.13(4) keV
| rowspan=2|7.6(6) s
| β− (99%)
| 81As
| rowspan=2|(1/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| IT (1%)
| 81Ge
|-
| 82Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| 81.92955(26)
| 4.55(5) s
| β−
| 82As
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 83Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 51
| 82.93462(21)#
| 1.85(6) s
| β−
| 83As
| (5/2+)#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|84Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 52
| rowspan=2|83.93747(32)#
| rowspan=2|0.947(11) s
| β− (89.2%)
| 84As
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (10.8%)
| 83As
|-
| rowspan=2|85Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 53
| rowspan=2|84.94303(43)#
| rowspan=2|535(47) ms
| β− (86%)
| 85As
| rowspan=2|5/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (14%)
| 84As
|-
| rowspan=2|86Ge
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 32
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 54
| rowspan=2|85.94649(54)#
| rowspan=2|>150 ns
| β−, n
| 85As
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−
| 86As
|-
| 87Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 55
| 86.95251(54)#
| 0.14# s
|
|
| 5/2+#
|
|
|-
| 88Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 56
| 87.95691(75)#
| >=300 ns
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 89Ge
| style="text-align:right" | 32
| style="text-align:right" | 57
| 88.96383(97)#
| >150 ns
|
|
| 3/2+#
|
|
Angular momentum or 3rd order sub particles are omitted as spin(2)=0,45,45.
References
Isotope masses from:
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
Germanium
Germanium |
```c++
// Boost enable_if library
// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
// path_to_url
// Authors: Jaakko Jarvi (jajarvi at osl.iu.edu)
// Jeremiah Willcock (jewillco at osl.iu.edu)
// Andrew Lumsdaine (lums at osl.iu.edu)
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_arithmetic.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
using boost::enable_if;
using boost::is_arithmetic;
template<class T> struct not_
{
BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT( bool, value = !T::value );
};
template<class T>
typename enable_if<is_arithmetic<T>, bool>::type
arithmetic_object(T t) { return true; }
template<class T>
typename enable_if<not_<is_arithmetic<T> >, bool>::type
arithmetic_object(T t) { return false; }
int main()
{
BOOST_TEST(arithmetic_object(1));
BOOST_TEST(arithmetic_object(1.0));
BOOST_TEST(!arithmetic_object("1"));
BOOST_TEST(!arithmetic_object(static_cast<void*>(0)));
return boost::report_errors();
}
``` |
The 2022 ITF Féminin Le Neubourg was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the second edition of the tournament which was part of the 2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour. It took place in Le Neubourg, France between 12 and 18 September 2022.
Champions
Singles
Jaqueline Cristian def. Magali Kempen, 6–4, 6–4
Doubles
Freya Christie / Ali Collins def. Weronika Falkowska / Sarah Beth Grey, 1–6, 7–6(7–4), [10–3]
Singles main draw entrants
Seeds
1 Rankings are as of 29 August 2022.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Audrey Albié
Manon Arcangioli
Océane Babel
Kristina Dmitruk
The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:
Lu Jingjing
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Anna Brogan
Freya Christie
Nadiya Kolb
Emma Léné
Maileen Nuudi
Marine Partaud
Tamira Paszek
Arlinda Rushiti
References
External links
2022 ITF Féminin Le Neubourg at ITFtennis.com
Official website
2022 ITF Women's World Tennis Tour
2022 in French tennis
September 2022 sports events in France |
```java
package com.yahoo.vespa.clustercontroller.core;
import com.yahoo.vdslib.distribution.ConfiguredNode;
import com.yahoo.vdslib.distribution.Distribution;
import com.yahoo.vdslib.state.Node;
import com.yahoo.vespa.clustercontroller.core.listeners.NodeListener;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
/**
* Detailed information about the current state of all the distributor and storage nodes of the cluster.
*
* @author hakonhall
* @author bratseth
*/
public class ClusterInfo {
/** The configured nodes of this cluster, indexed by node index */
private final Map<Integer, ConfiguredNode> nodes = new HashMap<>();
/** Information about the current state of distributors */
private final Map<Integer, DistributorNodeInfo> distributorNodeInfo = new TreeMap<>();
/** Information about the current state of storage nodes */
private final Map<Integer, StorageNodeInfo> storageNodeInfo = new TreeMap<>();
/** Information about the current state of all nodes - always consists of both sets of nodes in the two maps above */
private final Map<Node, NodeInfo> allNodeInfo = new TreeMap<>(); // TODO: Remove
/** Returns non-null iff index is a configured nodes (except perhaps in tests). */
DistributorNodeInfo getDistributorNodeInfo(int index) { return distributorNodeInfo.get(index); }
/** Returns non-null iff index is a configured nodes (except perhaps in tests). */
StorageNodeInfo getStorageNodeInfo(int index) { return storageNodeInfo.get(index); }
/** Returns information about the given node id, or null if this node does not exist */
public NodeInfo getNodeInfo(Node node) { return allNodeInfo.get(node); }
Collection<DistributorNodeInfo> getDistributorNodeInfos() { return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(distributorNodeInfo.values()); }
Collection<StorageNodeInfo> getStorageNodeInfos() { return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(storageNodeInfo.values()); }
Collection<NodeInfo> getAllNodeInfos() { return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(allNodeInfo.values()); }
/** Returns the configured nodes of this as a read-only map indexed on node index (distribution key) */
Map<Integer, ConfiguredNode> getConfiguredNodes() { return Collections.unmodifiableMap(nodes); }
boolean hasConfiguredNode(int index) { return nodes.containsKey(index); }
/** Sets the nodes which belongs to this cluster */
void setNodes(Collection<ConfiguredNode> newNodes, ContentCluster owner,
Distribution distribution, NodeListener nodeListener) {
// Remove info for removed nodes
Set<ConfiguredNode> newNodesSet = new HashSet<>(newNodes);
for (ConfiguredNode existingNode : this.nodes.values()) {
if ( ! newNodesSet.contains(existingNode)) {
{
Node existingStorageNode = storageNodeInfo.remove(existingNode.index()).getNode();
allNodeInfo.remove(existingStorageNode);
nodeListener.handleRemovedNode(existingStorageNode);
}
{
Node existingDistributorNode = distributorNodeInfo.remove(existingNode.index()).getNode();
allNodeInfo.remove(existingDistributorNode);
nodeListener.handleRemovedNode(existingDistributorNode);
}
}
}
// Add and update new nodes info
for (ConfiguredNode node : newNodes) {
if ( ! nodes.containsKey(node.index())) { // add new node info
addNodeInfo(new DistributorNodeInfo(owner, node.index(), null, distribution));
addNodeInfo(new StorageNodeInfo(owner, node.index(), node.retired(), null, distribution));
}
else {
getStorageNodeInfo(node.index()).setConfiguredRetired(node.retired());
}
}
// Update node set
nodes.clear();
for (ConfiguredNode node : newNodes) {
this.nodes.put(node.index(), node);
}
}
private void addNodeInfo(NodeInfo nodeInfo) {
if (nodeInfo instanceof DistributorNodeInfo) {
distributorNodeInfo.put(nodeInfo.getNodeIndex(), (DistributorNodeInfo) nodeInfo);
} else {
storageNodeInfo.put(nodeInfo.getNodeIndex(), (StorageNodeInfo) nodeInfo);
}
allNodeInfo.put(nodeInfo.getNode(), nodeInfo);
nodeInfo.setReportedState(nodeInfo.getReportedState().setDescription("Node not seen in slobrok."), 0);
}
/** Returns true if no nodes are down or unknown */
boolean allStatesReported() {
if (nodes.isEmpty()) return false;
for (ConfiguredNode node : nodes.values()) {
if (getDistributorNodeInfo(node.index()).getReportedState().getState().oneOf("d-")) return false;
if (getStorageNodeInfo(node.index()).getReportedState().getState().oneOf("d-")) return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Sets the rpc address of a node. If the node does not exist this does nothing.
*
* @return the info to which an rpc address is set, or null if none
*/
public NodeInfo setRpcAddress(Node node, String rpcAddress) {
NodeInfo nodeInfo = getInfo(node);
if (nodeInfo != null) {
nodeInfo.setRpcAddress(rpcAddress);
}
return nodeInfo;
}
// TODO: Do all mutation of node info through setters in this
/** Returns the node info object for a given node identifier */
private NodeInfo getInfo(Node node) {
return switch (node.getType()) {
case DISTRIBUTOR -> getDistributorNodeInfo(node.getIndex());
case STORAGE -> getStorageNodeInfo(node.getIndex());
};
}
}
``` |
Trelipe Township is a township in Cass County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 174 as of the 2000 census. Trelipe Township was named for the freshwater fish Coregonus artedi, commonly known as the tullibee.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 70.9 square miles (183.6 km), of which 66.8 square miles (172.9 km) is land and 4.1 square miles (10.6 km) (5.80%) is water.
Lakes
Blueberry Lake
Boiler Lake
Camp Lake
Charles Lake (east half)
Cranberry Lake
Echo Lake
First Dog Lake
Hoister Lake
Inguadona Lake (vast majority)
Island Lake (southwest three-quarters)
Lake George (west quarter)
Lake Mc Ginty (northeast three-quarters)
Lake Twentysix
Mitten Lake
Oconner Lake (west quarter)
Pistol Lake
Second Dog Lake
Stevens Lake
Upper Trelipe Lake (southwest half)
West Dog Lake
Woodcamp Lake
Adjacent townships
Inguadona Township (north)
Remer Township (northeast)
Crooked Lake Township (east)
Thunder Lake Township (east)
Timothy Township, Crow Wing County (southwest)
Blind Lake Township (west)
Wabedo Township (west)
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 174 people, 81 households, and 52 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.6 people per square mile (1.0/km). There were 271 housing units at an average density of 4.1/sq mi (1.6/km). The racial makeup of the township was 98.28% White and 1.72% Native American.
There were 81 households, out of which 14.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 4.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.44.
In the township the population was spread out, with 13.8% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 33.9% from 45 to 64, and 24.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 52 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $30,208, and the median income for a family was $36,875. Males had a median income of $29,167 versus $14,375 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,671. About 9.5% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.5% of those 65 or over.
References
United States National Atlas
United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
United States Board on Geographic Names (GNIS)
Townships in Cass County, Minnesota
Brainerd, Minnesota micropolitan area
Townships in Minnesota |
Whatever Happened to Jugula? is the thirteenth studio album by English folk / rock singer-songwriter and guitarist Roy Harper. It was first released on March 4, 1985, through Beggars Banquet Records. Jimmy Page contributes.
History
With a working title of "Rizla", Whatever Happened to Jugula? was released on the Beggars Banquet label (BBL60) and reached the UK Top 20. It is recorded in a fresh and spontaneous manner, often with only the unique sound of Ovation guitars and vocals. Occasionally, the arrangements are filled with synthesizer and electric guitar. The album's cover art is based on an unravelled orange Rizla pack.
The album was partially recorded in the basement of an old school friend's house in Lytham. Boiler House Studios were run by Tony Beck who had encouraged Harper to renew his acquaintance with Jimmy Page. Together, Harper and Page recorded at Page's house on an eight track Teac reel to reel borrowed from Pete Townshend. Page also visited Lytham and recordings were also made there.
'Jugula' exposed Harper to a new and wider audience through this connection to Jimmy Page, their appearances at the Cambridge Folk Festival in 1984, the album tour (of which four performances were filmed and exist on archive footage) and a 15-minute televised interview by Mark Ellen on the Old Grey Whistle Test (16 November 1984). The interview featured Harper and Page playing acoustic guitars on the side of Side Pike in the English Lake District, a somewhat different and unusual interview for the time. Songs played included "Hangman" and a section from "The Same Old Rock".
The album was the fifth that Harper and Page had worked on, but the first they had made together entirely. Page's guitar playing is quite evident throughout the album, and is a natural complement to Harper's unique guitar work. The first track, "Nineteen Forty-Eightish", a reference to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, crescendos with lead guitar by Page. Other tracks include "Hangman", a song that expresses the feelings of an innocent man condemned to die and "Frozen Moment", a song played entirely in the chord of C.
The track "Hope" originated as a tune written by David Gilmour for his second solo album About Face. He asked Pete Townshend to supply lyrics, but felt that he couldn't relate to them, so Townshend used the song instead entitling it "White City Fighting", with Gilmour playing guitar, on his album White City: A Novel. Gilmour sent the same tune to Harper, whose lyrics had the same effect on Gilmour. Harper used the result, "Hope", which has a markedly slower tempo, on this album, with his son Nick Harper (16 years old at the time), playing lead guitar.
"Hangman" is about the feelings of an innocent man condemned to be executed for a crime he did not commit. Of capital punishment Harper stated:
Reissues
In 1999, the album was reissued on Harper's own 'Science Friction' label and retitled Jugula, the cover art being altered accordingly. In 2019, the album was remastered and reissued, maintaining the later 1999 artwork.
Singles
"Elizabeth", a song that originally appeared on Harper's 1984 release Born in Captivity, was re-recorded and released as a 12" single. Again the artwork was based on an unfolded Rizla packet, this time in green. The 12" was released on Beggars Banquet Records (BEG 131T).
Side A – "Elizabeth"
Side B –
"Advertisement (Another Intentional Irrelevant Suicide)"
"I Hate The White Man" (Live) (Recorded at Poynton, 18 October 1984)
Cover version
A cover version of "Hope" (with "Bad Speech" read by Harper as an introduction) can be found on the album Eternity by the Liverpudlian band Anathema.
Track listing
Personnel
Roy Harper – vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, percussion
Jimmy Page – acoustic and electric guitars
Tony Franklin – bass guitar
Nik Green – keyboards, engineering
Ronnie Brambles – drums
Steve Broughton – drums
Preston Heyman – drums
Nick Harper – semi-acoustic guitar
Charts
References
Roy Harper (singer) albums
1985 albums
Jimmy Page albums
Beggars Banquet Records albums
Collaborative albums |
The poverty industrial complex refers to private corporations taking over social services functions that were formerly provided by government agencies. These private corporations have a vested interest in profit and it is thus debated whether the practice of privatizing social services is hurtful to society, in particular for the poor and vulnerable people that such agencies are supposed to provide services for.
History
It is believed that the widespread outsourcing of human services formerly provided by government agencies to for-profit companies began with the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, signed by president Bill Clinton in 1996. The reform changed a system that formerly provided large sums of direct cash transfers to those in need into taking that federal aid in providing services for vulnerable citizens with it. Those services include child care assistance or work-related activities and refundable tax credits that are essentially a different form of cash transfer. According to the Institute for Research on Poverty, the largest sum is going to a spending category designated as "other", covering a broad range of services such as child welfare, parenting training, substance abuse treatment, domestic violence services and early education. Author Daniel Hatcher criticized that a poverty iron triangle has developed between the federal government, state governments and poverty-industry private contractors. Funds provided by the federal government to help vulnerable populations are misused and funneled towards private companies and in addition to that used by the states, which often have a tight budget, as a mere revenue stream.
The contemporary poverty industrial complex
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is an executive department that provides poverty assistance, with an annual budget of around US$1.2 trillion. One major branch of the HHS is the Office of Community Service (OCS). The OCS provides funds to states, counties and cities that are intended to lift people out of poverty.
Daniel Hatcher, author of The Poverty Industry: The Exploitation of America’s Most Vulnerable Citizens, has compared the practice of for-profit companies taking over government functions deemed for the most vulnerable in society as a huge "poverty industrial complex", thus comparing it to the military industrial complex. According to Hatcher, human service agencies and private companies conspire to create a large poverty industry in which billions in federal aid meant to go towards helping the poorest of society is instead taken by private companies. As a result, services provided to those in need become inadequate.
Among the private companies providing these services are those known for integral roles in the United States defense industry – like Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman. These companies provide services like child support, Medicaid services, health insurance call centers and welfare-to-work programs. As for-profit companies, they turn to consultants that help them figure out how to maximize their bottom line. The company Maximus for example states in advertisements that it has partnered with state, federal and local governments to help provide high-quality health and human service programs in "cost-effective" ways tailored to each community. The company has been in contract with government agencies in different states where it was accused of not paying overtime to employees or not allowing them to work overtime, thus rendering it impossible to respond to emergency situations. Additionally Maximus was accused of misclassifying employees and underpaying employees. Maximus received the nation's first privatized welfare contract in 1987 from Los Angeles County and by 1990 was generating $19 million in revenue, Mother Jones reported in 2019. Maximus has partnered with agencies in 28 US states for 1.7 billion US dollars in services. 40% of the total revenue of the company is generated through state contracts to provide government services.
The trials of Gabriel Fernandez
The term was mentioned in the 2020 Netflix series The Trials of Gabriel Fernandez, which surrounds the failure of social services and law enforcement to rescue Fernandez from an abusive home. As a result of this oversight, Fernandez's parents tortured the child to death, gaining widespread attention and critique of the child welfare system in the United States. The Netflix series mentions in particular the for-profit company Maximus, which has taken over social service functions formerly handled by government agencies in Los Angeles County.
Poverty Inc.
The 2014 documentary Poverty Inc. explored the poverty-industrial complex as a multi-billion dollar market of NGOs, multilateral agencies, and for-profit aid contractors turning the most vulnerable members of society into profit generators and misappropriating funds.
See also
List of industrial complexes
Poverty, Inc.
Poverty industry
References
Further reading
Daniel L. Hatcher The Poverty Industry- The Exploitation of America's Most Vulnerable Citizens
Industrial complexes
Industry |
General Birch may refer to:
Noel Birch (1865–1939), British Army general
Richard James Holwell Birch (1803–1875), British East India Company general
Samuel Birch (military officer) (1735–1811), British Army major general |
```python
"""
I am making my contributions/submissions to this project solely in my personal
capacity and am not conveying any rights to any intellectual property of any
third parties.
"""
import pyjet
from pytest_utils import *
def test_volume_particle_emitter2():
# Basic ctor test
sphere = pyjet.Sphere2()
emitter = pyjet.VolumeParticleEmitter2(
sphere,
pyjet.BoundingBox2D((-1, -2), (4, 2)),
0.1,
(-1, 0.5),
(3, 4),
5.0,
30,
0.01,
False,
True,
42)
assert emitter.surface
assert_bounding_box_similar(
emitter.maxRegion, pyjet.BoundingBox2D((-1, -2), (4, 2)))
assert emitter.spacing == 0.1
assert_vector_similar(emitter.initialVelocity, (-1, 0.5))
assert_vector_similar(emitter.linearVelocity, (3, 4))
assert emitter.angularVelocity == 5.0
assert emitter.maxNumberOfParticles == 30
assert emitter.jitter == 0.01
assert not emitter.isOneShot
assert emitter.allowOverlapping
assert emitter.isEnabled
# Another basic ctor test
emitter2 = pyjet.VolumeParticleEmitter2(
implicitSurface=sphere,
maxRegion=pyjet.BoundingBox2D((-1, -2), (4, 2)),
spacing=0.1,
initialVelocity=(-1, 0.5),
linearVelocity=(3, 4),
angularVelocity=5.0,
maxNumberOfParticles=3000,
jitter=0.01,
isOneShot=False,
allowOverlapping=True,
seed=42)
assert emitter2.surface
assert_bounding_box_similar(
emitter2.maxRegion, pyjet.BoundingBox2D((-1, -2), (4, 2)))
assert emitter2.spacing == 0.1
assert_vector_similar(emitter2.initialVelocity, (-1, 0.5))
assert_vector_similar(emitter2.linearVelocity, (3, 4))
assert emitter2.angularVelocity == 5.0
assert emitter2.maxNumberOfParticles == 3000
assert emitter2.jitter == 0.01
assert not emitter2.isOneShot
assert emitter2.allowOverlapping
assert emitter2.isEnabled
# Emit some particles
frame = pyjet.Frame()
solver = pyjet.ParticleSystemSolver2()
solver.emitter = emitter2
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > 0
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > old_num_particles
# Disabling emitter should stop emitting particles
emitter2.isEnabled = False
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles == old_num_particles
# Re-enabling emitter should resume emission
emitter2.isEnabled = True
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > old_num_particles
# One-shot emitter
emitter3 = pyjet.VolumeParticleEmitter2(
implicitSurface=sphere,
maxRegion=pyjet.BoundingBox2D((-1, -2), (4, 2)),
spacing=0.1,
initialVelocity=(-1, 0.5),
linearVelocity=(3, 4),
angularVelocity=5.0,
maxNumberOfParticles=3000,
jitter=0.01,
isOneShot=True,
allowOverlapping=True,
seed=42)
# Emit some particles
frame = pyjet.Frame()
solver = pyjet.ParticleSystemSolver2()
solver.emitter = emitter3
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > 0
assert not emitter3.isEnabled
# Should not emit more particles
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles == old_num_particles
# Re-enabling the emitter should make it emit one more time
emitter3.isEnabled = True
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > old_num_particles
# ...and gets disabled again
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles == old_num_particles
def test_volume_particle_emitter3():
sphere = pyjet.Sphere3()
emitter = pyjet.VolumeParticleEmitter3(
sphere,
pyjet.BoundingBox3D((-1, -2, -3), (4, 2, 9)),
0.1,
(-1, 0.5, 2),
(3, 4, 5),
(6, 7, 8),
30,
0.01,
False,
True,
42)
assert emitter.surface
assert_bounding_box_similar(
emitter.maxRegion, pyjet.BoundingBox3D((-1, -2, -3), (4, 2, 9)))
assert emitter.spacing == 0.1
assert_vector_similar(emitter.initialVelocity, (-1, 0.5, 2))
assert_vector_similar(emitter.linearVelocity, (3, 4, 5))
assert_vector_similar(emitter.angularVelocity, (6, 7, 8))
assert emitter.maxNumberOfParticles == 30
assert emitter.jitter == 0.01
assert not emitter.isOneShot
assert emitter.allowOverlapping
assert emitter.isEnabled
emitter2 = pyjet.VolumeParticleEmitter3(
implicitSurface=sphere,
maxRegion=pyjet.BoundingBox3D((-1, -2, -3), (4, 2, 9)),
spacing=0.1,
initialVelocity=(-1, 0.5, 2),
linearVelocity=(3, 4, 5),
angularVelocity=(6, 7, 8),
maxNumberOfParticles=300000,
jitter=0.01,
isOneShot=False,
allowOverlapping=True,
seed=42)
assert emitter2.surface
assert_bounding_box_similar(
emitter2.maxRegion, pyjet.BoundingBox3D((-1, -2, -3), (4, 2, 9)))
assert emitter2.spacing == 0.1
assert_vector_similar(emitter2.initialVelocity, (-1, 0.5, 2))
assert_vector_similar(emitter2.linearVelocity, (3, 4, 5))
assert_vector_similar(emitter2.angularVelocity, (6, 7, 8))
assert emitter2.maxNumberOfParticles == 300000
assert emitter2.jitter == 0.01
assert not emitter2.isOneShot
assert emitter2.allowOverlapping
assert emitter2.isEnabled
# Emit some particles
frame = pyjet.Frame()
solver = pyjet.ParticleSystemSolver3()
solver.emitter = emitter2
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > 0
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > old_num_particles
# Disabling emitter should stop emitting particles
emitter2.isEnabled = False
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles == old_num_particles
# Re-enabling emitter should resume emission
emitter2.isEnabled = True
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > old_num_particles
# One-shot emitter
emitter3 = pyjet.VolumeParticleEmitter3(
implicitSurface=sphere,
maxRegion=pyjet.BoundingBox3D((-1, -2, -3), (4, 2, 9)),
spacing=0.1,
initialVelocity=(-1, 0.5, 2),
linearVelocity=(3, 4, 5),
angularVelocity=(6, 7, 8),
maxNumberOfParticles=300000,
jitter=0.01,
isOneShot=True,
allowOverlapping=True,
seed=42)
# Emit some particles
frame = pyjet.Frame()
solver = pyjet.ParticleSystemSolver3()
solver.emitter = emitter3
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > 0
assert not emitter3.isEnabled
# Should not emit more particles
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles == old_num_particles
# Re-enabling the emitter should make it emit one more time
emitter3.isEnabled = True
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles > old_num_particles
# ...and gets disabled again
old_num_particles = solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles
solver.update(frame)
frame.advance()
assert solver.particleSystemData.numberOfParticles == old_num_particles
``` |
58th ACE Eddie Awards
February 17, 2008
Feature Film (Dramatic):
The Bourne Ultimatum
Feature Film (Comedy or Musical):
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
The 58th ACE Eddie Awards were held on 17 February 2008 in the International Ballroom, Beverly Hilton Hotel, Los Angeles, California, USA; the nominees and winners are listed below.
Winners and nominees
Film
Best Edited Film - Dramatic:
Christopher Rouse – The Bourne Ultimatum
Jay Cassidy – Into the Wild
John Gilroy – Michael Clayton
Joel Coen and Ethan Coen (a.k.a. Roderick Jaynes) – No Country for Old Men
Dylan Tichenor – There Will Be Blood
Best Edited Film - Musical or Comedy:
Chris Lebenzon – Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
Michael Tronick – Hairspray
Dana E. Glauberman – Juno
Stephen Rivkin and Craig Wood – Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End
Darren Holmes – Ratatouille
Best Edited Documentary Film:
Geoffrey Richman, Chris Seward and Dan Swietlik – Sicko
Edgar Burcksen and Leonard Feinstein – Darfur Now
Leslie Iwerks and Stephen Myers – The Pixar Story
Television
Best Edited Half-Hour Television Series:
Steven Rasch – Curb Your Enthusiasm for "The Bat Mitzvah"
Ken Eluto – 30 Rock for "The C Word" -
Shannon Mitchell – Californication for "Hell-A Woman"
Best Edited Reality Series:
Michael Glickman and Chuck Montgomery – Cops"' for "Country Love"Pam Malouf, Hans Van Riet and David Timoner – Dancing With The Stars for "404"
Mike Denny – Man Vs. Wild for "Everglades" Best Edited One-Hour TV Series - Commercial Television:Norman Buckley – Chuck for "Pilot"Malcolm Jamieson – Damages for "Pilot"
Karen Stern – Law & Order: Special Victims Unit for "Paternity" Best Edited Miniseries or Television Film - Commercial Television:Robert Ferretti and Scott Vickery – The Company: Night 2Mark J. Goldman, Christopher Nelson, Stephen Semel and Henk Van Eeghen – Lost: Through the Looking GlassPaul Dixon – Pictures of Hollis Woods Best Edited One-Hour Television Series - Non-Commercial Television:
Sidney Wolinsky – The Sopranos for "Made in America"
Stewart Schill – Dexter for "It's Alive"
David Siegel – Rome for "De Patre Vostro"
Best Edited Miniseries or Television Film - Non-Commercial Television:
Tatiana S. Riegel and Leo Trombetta – Pu-239
Michael Brown and Michael Ornstein – Bury My Heart at Wounded KneeMary Jo Markey – Life Support''
References
External links
ACE Award 2008 at the Internet Movie Database
2008 film awards
2008 guild awards
58
2008 in American cinema |
The Europuddle (French: Europuddle, German: Europfütze), is a fountain completed in November 2019, located in the Europaallee area in the city centre of Zürich, Switzerland. Its name is a portmanteau derived from "Europaallee", the residential and commercial area in which it belongs, and "puddle", due to its visual appearance. Unlike a traditional fountain, the Europuddle is contained on only one side by slightly elevated white pavement stone. The tarmacadam surface beneath the water slopes gently towards the elevated pavement, making the body of water visually similar to a puddle.
Construction
The Europuddle is about 10 meters wide and 60 meters long, with a maximum depth of about 20 centimeters. Seven identical water jets at the western edge of the Europuddle create a fountain by jetting water eastward into the puddle.
The jets of water alternate between three states :
off: in the absence of flowing water jets, the Europuddle is transformed into a mirror of water reflecting surrounding buildings.
static: the jets have equal, constant water flow, creating wavelets on the surface of the puddle.
animated: the water jets vary their flow rate, creating animated ripple effects on the water body.
References
Buildings and structures in Switzerland
Architecture in Switzerland
Fountains in Switzerland |
Ahmedabad is the industrial center in western India after Mumbai. The gross domestic product of Ahmedabad metro was estimated at US$110 billion in 2023. Ahmedabad is the largest contributor to the GDP of Gujarat state, with an estimated US$68 billion as of 2017 out of $227 billion, textile and clothing in Ahmedabad is one of the oldest industries. It is the largest supplier of denim and one of the largest exporters of gems and jewellery in the country. Ahmedabad has one of the largest concentration of pharmaceutical and biotech companies in India. Ahmedabad hosts the headquarters of major public-sector banks Ahmedabad Dist Co Op Bank, Ahd Mercantile Co-Op Bank Ltd, Ahmedabad Mercantil Co Op Bank, Dena Bank, The Cosmos Co - Op Bank, Manager Gujarat Ambuja Co-Operative, The Gujarat State Co-operative Bank Ltd.Gujarat State Coop Bank, The Kalupur Bank, Ahmedabad Capital Bank, Kutch Bank co op, Bank of Rajasthan, Bank of Marwad.
The textile industry has been the main industry of Ahmedabad. On 30 May 1861, Ranchhodlal Chhotalal founded the first Indian textile mill called the Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company Limited, to be more popularly known as the Shahpur Mill later on. This was followed with a series of textile mills like the Calico Mills in 1880 by Maganbhai, and other mills founded by industrialists like Ambalal Sarabhai and Kasturbhai Lalbhai which gave Ahmedabad the title of Manchester of India. The textile industry saw a decline in the early part of the 20th century, but was revived again due to the First World War and also by the Swadeshi movement led by Mahatma Gandhi during the independence movement. Arvind Mills is one of the largest textile mills in the country. An Arvind mill is one of the three largest producers of denim in the world. Dirubhai Ambani started his the first textile mill at Naroda in February, 1966.
Ahmedabad GDP was US$65 billion in 2008. Ahmedabad also has a thriving chemicals and pharmaceuticals industry. Two of the biggest pharmaceutical companies of India - Zydus Cadila and Torrent Pharmaceuticals are located in the city. The city also serves as the corporate headquarters of the Adani Group which is a leading trading and export company of India. The Nirma group of industries running many detergent and chemical industrial units in Gujarat, also has its corporate headquarters in the city.
The last few years has seen the rise of the Information Technology industry in Ahmedabad. A Nasscom survey in 2002 on the ‘Super Nine Indian Destinations’ for IT-enabled services (ITES) had ranked Ahmedabad fifth among the top nine most competitive cities in the country.
Companies
See also
Gujarat
Economy of Gujarat
References |
```go
package reminders
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/botlabs-gg/yagpdb/v2/bot"
"github.com/botlabs-gg/yagpdb/v2/common"
"github.com/botlabs-gg/yagpdb/v2/common/mqueue"
"github.com/botlabs-gg/yagpdb/v2/common/scheduledevents2"
"github.com/botlabs-gg/yagpdb/v2/lib/discordgo"
"github.com/botlabs-gg/yagpdb/v2/reminders/models"
"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
"github.com/volatiletech/sqlboiler/v4/boil"
)
//go:generate sqlboiler --no-hooks --add-soft-deletes psql
type Plugin struct{}
func RegisterPlugin() {
p := &Plugin{}
common.RegisterPlugin(p)
common.InitSchemas("reminders", DBSchemas...)
}
func (p *Plugin) PluginInfo() *common.PluginInfo {
return &common.PluginInfo{
Name: "Reminders",
SysName: "reminders",
Category: common.PluginCategoryMisc,
}
}
func TriggerReminder(r *models.Reminder) error {
r.DeleteG(context.Background(), false /* hardDelete */)
logger.WithFields(logrus.Fields{"channel": r.ChannelID, "user": r.UserID, "message": r.Message, "id": r.ID}).Info("Triggered reminder")
embed := &discordgo.MessageEmbed{
Title: "Reminder from YAGPDB",
Description: common.ReplaceServerInvites(r.Message, r.GuildID, "(removed-invite)"),
}
channelID, _ := discordgo.ParseID(r.ChannelID)
userID, _ := discordgo.ParseID(r.UserID)
return mqueue.QueueMessage(&mqueue.QueuedElement{
Source: "reminder",
SourceItemID: "",
GuildID: r.GuildID,
ChannelID: channelID,
MessageEmbed: embed,
MessageStr: "**Reminder** for <@" + r.UserID + ">",
AllowedMentions: discordgo.AllowedMentions{
Users: []int64{userID},
},
Priority: 10, // above all feeds
})
}
func NewReminder(userID int64, guildID int64, channelID int64, message string, when time.Time) (*models.Reminder, error) {
reminder := &models.Reminder{
UserID: discordgo.StrID(userID),
ChannelID: discordgo.StrID(channelID),
Message: message,
When: when.Unix(),
GuildID: guildID,
}
err := reminder.InsertG(context.Background(), boil.Infer())
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
err = scheduledevents2.ScheduleEvent("reminders_check_user", guildID, when, userID)
return reminder, err
}
type DisplayRemindersMode int
const (
ModeDisplayChannelReminders DisplayRemindersMode = iota
ModeDisplayUserReminders
)
func DisplayReminders(reminders models.ReminderSlice, mode DisplayRemindersMode) string {
var out strings.Builder
for _, r := range reminders {
t := time.Unix(r.When, 0)
timeFromNow := common.HumanizeTime(common.DurationPrecisionMinutes, t)
switch mode {
case ModeDisplayChannelReminders:
// don't show the channel; do show the user
uid, _ := discordgo.ParseID(r.UserID)
member, _ := bot.GetMember(r.GuildID, uid)
username := "Unknown user"
if member != nil {
username = member.User.Username
}
fmt.Fprintf(&out, "**%d**: %s: '%s' - %s from now (<t:%d:f>)\n", r.ID, username, CutReminderShort(r.Message), timeFromNow, t.Unix())
case ModeDisplayUserReminders:
// do show the channel; don't show the user
channel := "<#" + r.ChannelID + ">"
fmt.Fprintf(&out, "**%d**: %s: '%s' - %s from now (<t:%d:f>)\n", r.ID, channel, CutReminderShort(r.Message), timeFromNow, t.Unix())
}
}
return out.String()
}
func CutReminderShort(msg string) string {
return common.CutStringShort(msg, 50)
}
``` |
The 1949-’50 Divizia A was the thirty-third season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.
Teams
League table
Results
Top goalscorers
Champion squad
See also
1950 Divizia B
References
Liga I seasons
Romania
Romania
1
1 |
Möbius is a 2013 French film written and directed by Éric Rochant, and starring Jean Dujardin and Cécile de France.
Plot
Russian spy, FSB Agent Gregory Lyubov is sent to Monaco to watch the actions of the powerful Russian oligarch named Ivan Rostovskiy. As part of this mission the team recruits a talented finance expert named Alice. Suspecting her of treason, Gregory breaks the golden rule and makes contact with Alice. Between them begins a passion that might destroy them.
Cast
Jean Dujardin – Moïse/Gregory Lyubov
Cécile de France – Alice Radmond
Tim Roth – Ivan Rostovsky
Émilie Dequenne – Sandra
John Lynch – Joshua
Dean Constantin – Joshua's main agent
Vladimir Menshov – Cherkachin
Branka Katić – Ava
Wendell Pierce – Bob
Oleksiy Gorbunov – Khorzov, Rostovsky's Head of Security
Vicky Krieps - Olga
Dmitry Nazarov - Inzirillo
Michael J. Shannon - The father of Alice
Production
In November 2011, Jean Dujardin and Cecile de France were cast join the film production.
During Cannes Festival in May 2012, Tim Roth confessed he would play the role of a Russian oligarch suspect in crime. Director Eric Rochant found a physical resemblance between the actor and Roman Abramovich, Russian oligarch ranked in ninth place of the largest fortunes of his country and owner of the London-based football club Chelsea F.C.
According to Le Figaro, filming began in May 2012, and lasted eight to nine weeks in the south of France, Luxembourg, Brussels, Belgium and Moscow, Russia; and post-production started in October 2012.
Critical reception
The film received mixed reviews from the press and public.
See also
Möbius strip
References
External links
2013 films
2010s spy thriller films
Films about the Federal Security Service
Films directed by Éric Rochant
French spy thriller films
Films shot in Monaco
Films set in Monaco
Films set in Moscow
2010s French films |
Zaccheus Collins Lee (December 5, 1805 – November 26, 1859) was a Jurist, who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Maryland.
Family
Born into the illustrious Lee Family of Virginia, he was the son of Richard Bland Lee (1761–1827) and his wife Elizabeth Collins (1768–1858). He was the seventh of their nine children and was named for his maternal uncle Zaccheus Collins. His first cousin was Robert E. Lee, his uncle Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee.
He married Martha Ann Jenkins (April 5, 1819 – April 16, 1864) on June 15, 1837. The couple had three children;
Richard Henry Lee (April 29, 1839 Baltimore – March 20, 1883); served as a Private in the Confederate Army. Father of 4.
Mary Elizabeth Lee (November 5, 1840 Baltimore – April 8, 1904 Rome, Italy); she married 1) William B. Perine (d. May 1863) and 2) Bernard John Cooper (d. July 26, 1889), a Post-Captain in the British Navy. Mother of 4.
Mary Ida Lee (c. 1843); died at 6 months of age
Education & career
From November 1827 to July 1828, Zaccheus attended the Winchester Law School, founded and taught by Henry St. George Tucker in Winchester, Frederick County, Virginia. He then attended the University of Virginia, and studied law under William Wirt.
After completing the bar, Lee practiced law in Baltimore, Maryland. He was the U.S. Attorney for the District of Maryland from 1841 to 1845, and again from 1850 to 1853. He was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Baltimore in 1855 and served until his death.
He died at 5 o'clock in the evening on November 26, 1859, a Saturday, in Baltimore, as a result of an attack of paralysis, which had happened a few days previously.
Legacy
Lee was a classmate of Edgar Allan Poe, and was one of only a few people to attend Poe's funeral, as documented in letters from Neilson Poe.
An address of his was published in 1918 as; The Age of Washington: An address delivered before the Calocagathian and Reading Room Societies of St. Mary's College, discussing the subject of George Washington to St. Mary's Seminary.
References
Maryland lawyers
United States Attorneys for the District of Maryland
Lee family of Virginia
1805 births
1859 deaths
University of Virginia alumni
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Winchester Law School alumni |
Events from the year 1991 in North Korea.
Incumbents
Premier: Yon Hyong-muk
Supreme Leader: Kim Il Sung
Events
Births
1 January - Sim Hyon-jin.
8 February - Ri Yong-jik.
21 October - Kim Un-hyang.
References
North Korea
1990s in North Korea
Years of the 20th century in North Korea
North Korea |
The Transcarpathian dialect is a dialect of the Ukrainian language spoken in Zakarpattia Oblast.
Borders
It is widespread in the valley of South Carpathians and the right bank of the Tisza river. It is used in some villages of Slovakia and Romania. It is bordered by the Boyko dialect to the north, the Hutsul dialect to the east, and by the Polish, Slovak, Hungarian and Romanian languages to the west.
History
The main features of the Transcarpathian dialect were formed by the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Written monuments, which reflected the features of the Transcarpathian dialect, were found from the beginning of the 15th century. The dialect was used by some writers, such as V. Dovhovych (1783-1849) and M. Nod (1819-1862). During the 19th century the usage of the dialect decreased because of neighboring languages more widely used. The dialect was studied by linguists I. Fogorashii, I. Verkhratskyi, Pavlo Chuchka and others.
Subdialects
The Transcarpathian has 4 subdialects:
Borzhava
Uzhansky
Maramorosky
Verkyhovyna
Differences
The table below list a small portion of the differences (since there are more than 6,000) between the Transcarpathian dialect and Standard Ukrainian. Some of the words were taken from Hungarian or Slovak. Examples of this are railway station, piece and thousand, which were taken from the Hungarian words állomás, darab and ezer.
References
Ukrainian dialects |
Charles R. Holbrook III (born September 1938) was an American politician in the state of Kentucky. He served in the Kentucky House of Representatives as a Republican from 1972 to 1988.
References
1938 births
Living people
Republican Party members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
People from Ashland, Kentucky |
Alan Smith (15 October 1921 – 27 May 2019) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Brentford, Arsenal and Leyton Orient as an outside left.
Personal life
After leaving football, Smith worked for a time at a uranium mine in Canada, as a painter and decorator and for the London Electricity Board.
Career statistics
References
1921 births
English men's footballers
English Football League players
Brentford F.C. players
Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne
Arsenal F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Ashford United F.C. players
Men's association football outside forwards
2019 deaths
English expatriates in Canada
English miners
Kent Football League (1894–1959) players |
The was a Mayan Revival-style hotel in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo, Japan, constructed by Arata Endo, a disciple of Frank Lloyd Wright. It is now used as a hall forming part of Mukogawa Women's University, and is known as the .
History
The architectural style is heavily influenced by the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo. Even though the original Imperial Hotel by Wright does not exist anymore, the Kōshien Hotel gives an idea how the building must have felt like.
The Kōshien Hotel opened in 1930. From 1944, it was used as an Imperial Navy hospital, and in 1945 it became used as accommodation for the US military.
In 1965, it was donated to Mukogawa Women's University, and was refurbished internally and externally. It is now part of the department of architecture campus.
References
External links
Mukogawa Women's University Koshien Kaikan
Hotels in Hyōgo Prefecture
Mayan Revival architecture
Art Deco architecture in Japan
Hotel buildings completed in 1930
Hotels established in 1930 |
```javascript
// CodeMirror, copyright (c) by Marijn Haverbeke and others
// Distributed under an MIT license: path_to_url
(function() {
var mode = CodeMirror.getMode({tabSize: 4}, "markdown");
function MT(name) { test.mode(name, mode, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1)); }
var modeHighlightFormatting = CodeMirror.getMode({tabSize: 4}, {name: "markdown", highlightFormatting: true});
function FT(name) { test.mode(name, modeHighlightFormatting, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1)); }
FT("formatting_emAsterisk",
"[em&formatting&formatting-em *][em foo][em&formatting&formatting-em *]");
FT("formatting_emUnderscore",
"[em&formatting&formatting-em _][em foo][em&formatting&formatting-em _]");
FT("formatting_strongAsterisk",
"[strong&formatting&formatting-strong **][strong foo][strong&formatting&formatting-strong **]");
FT("formatting_strongUnderscore",
"[strong&formatting&formatting-strong __][strong foo][strong&formatting&formatting-strong __]");
FT("formatting_codeBackticks",
"[comment&formatting&formatting-code `][comment foo][comment&formatting&formatting-code `]");
FT("formatting_doubleBackticks",
"[comment&formatting&formatting-code ``][comment foo ` bar][comment&formatting&formatting-code ``]");
FT("formatting_atxHeader",
"[header&header-1&formatting&formatting-header&formatting-header-1 #][header&header-1 foo # bar ][header&header-1&formatting&formatting-header&formatting-header-1 #]");
FT("formatting_setextHeader",
"foo",
"[header&header-1&formatting&formatting-header&formatting-header-1 =]");
FT("formatting_blockquote",
"[quote"e-1&formatting&formatting-quote&formatting-quote-1 > ][quote"e-1 foo]");
FT("formatting_list",
"[variable-2&formatting&formatting-list&formatting-list-ul - ][variable-2 foo]");
FT("formatting_list",
"[variable-2&formatting&formatting-list&formatting-list-ol 1. ][variable-2 foo]");
FT("formatting_link",
"[link&formatting&formatting-link [][link foo][link&formatting&formatting-link ]]][string&formatting&formatting-link-string (][string path_to_url )]");
FT("formatting_linkReference",
"[link&formatting&formatting-link [][link foo][link&formatting&formatting-link ]]][string&formatting&formatting-link-string [][string bar][string&formatting&formatting-link-string ]]]",
"[link&formatting&formatting-link [][link bar][link&formatting&formatting-link ]]:] [string path_to_url");
FT("formatting_linkWeb",
"[link&formatting&formatting-link <][link path_to_url >]");
FT("formatting_linkEmail",
"[link&formatting&formatting-link <][link user@example.com][link&formatting&formatting-link >]");
FT("formatting_escape",
"[formatting-escape \\*]");
MT("plainText",
"foo");
// Don't style single trailing space
MT("trailingSpace1",
"foo ");
// Two or more trailing spaces should be styled with line break character
MT("trailingSpace2",
"foo[trailing-space-a ][trailing-space-new-line ]");
MT("trailingSpace3",
"foo[trailing-space-a ][trailing-space-b ][trailing-space-new-line ]");
MT("trailingSpace4",
"foo[trailing-space-a ][trailing-space-b ][trailing-space-a ][trailing-space-new-line ]");
// Code blocks using 4 spaces (regardless of CodeMirror.tabSize value)
MT("codeBlocksUsing4Spaces",
" [comment foo]");
// Code blocks using 4 spaces with internal indentation
MT("codeBlocksUsing4SpacesIndentation",
" [comment bar]",
" [comment hello]",
" [comment world]",
" [comment foo]",
"bar");
// Code blocks using 4 spaces with internal indentation
MT("codeBlocksUsing4SpacesIndentation",
" foo",
" [comment bar]",
" [comment hello]",
" [comment world]");
// Code blocks should end even after extra indented lines
MT("codeBlocksWithTrailingIndentedLine",
" [comment foo]",
" [comment bar]",
" [comment baz]",
" ",
"hello");
// Code blocks using 1 tab (regardless of CodeMirror.indentWithTabs value)
MT("codeBlocksUsing1Tab",
"\t[comment foo]");
// Inline code using backticks
MT("inlineCodeUsingBackticks",
"foo [comment `bar`]");
// Block code using single backtick (shouldn't work)
MT("blockCodeSingleBacktick",
"[comment `]",
"foo",
"[comment `]");
// Unclosed backticks
// Instead of simply marking as CODE, it would be nice to have an
// incomplete flag for CODE, that is styled slightly different.
MT("unclosedBackticks",
"foo [comment `bar]");
// Per documentation: "To include a literal backtick character within a
// code span, you can use multiple backticks as the opening and closing
// delimiters"
MT("doubleBackticks",
"[comment ``foo ` bar``]");
// Tests based on Dingus
// path_to_url
//
// Multiple backticks within an inline code block
MT("consecutiveBackticks",
"[comment `foo```bar`]");
// Multiple backticks within an inline code block with a second code block
MT("consecutiveBackticks",
"[comment `foo```bar`] hello [comment `world`]");
// Unclosed with several different groups of backticks
MT("unclosedBackticks",
"[comment ``foo ``` bar` hello]");
// Closed with several different groups of backticks
MT("closedBackticks",
"[comment ``foo ``` bar` hello``] world");
// atx headers
// path_to_url#header
MT("atxH1",
"[header&header-1 # foo]");
MT("atxH2",
"[header&header-2 ## foo]");
MT("atxH3",
"[header&header-3 ### foo]");
MT("atxH4",
"[header&header-4 #### foo]");
MT("atxH5",
"[header&header-5 ##### foo]");
MT("atxH6",
"[header&header-6 ###### foo]");
// H6 - 7x '#' should still be H6, per Dingus
// path_to_url
MT("atxH6NotH7",
"[header&header-6 ####### foo]");
// Inline styles should be parsed inside headers
MT("atxH1inline",
"[header&header-1 # foo ][header&header-1&em *bar*]");
// Setext headers - H1, H2
// Per documentation, "Any number of underlining =s or -s will work."
// path_to_url#header
// Ideally, the text would be marked as `header` as well, but this is
// not really feasible at the moment. So, instead, we're testing against
// what works today, to avoid any regressions.
//
// Check if single underlining = works
MT("setextH1",
"foo",
"[header&header-1 =]");
// Check if 3+ ='s work
MT("setextH1",
"foo",
"[header&header-1 ===]");
// Check if single underlining - works
MT("setextH2",
"foo",
"[header&header-2 -]");
// Check if 3+ -'s work
MT("setextH2",
"foo",
"[header&header-2 ---]");
// Single-line blockquote with trailing space
MT("blockquoteSpace",
"[quote"e-1 > foo]");
// Single-line blockquote
MT("blockquoteNoSpace",
"[quote"e-1 >foo]");
// No blank line before blockquote
MT("blockquoteNoBlankLine",
"foo",
"[quote"e-1 > bar]");
// Nested blockquote
MT("blockquoteSpace",
"[quote"e-1 > foo]",
"[quote"e-1 >][quote"e-2 > foo]",
"[quote"e-1 >][quote"e-2 >][quote"e-3 > foo]");
// Single-line blockquote followed by normal paragraph
MT("blockquoteThenParagraph",
"[quote"e-1 >foo]",
"",
"bar");
// Multi-line blockquote (lazy mode)
MT("multiBlockquoteLazy",
"[quote"e-1 >foo]",
"[quote"e-1 bar]");
// Multi-line blockquote followed by normal paragraph (lazy mode)
MT("multiBlockquoteLazyThenParagraph",
"[quote"e-1 >foo]",
"[quote"e-1 bar]",
"",
"hello");
// Multi-line blockquote (non-lazy mode)
MT("multiBlockquote",
"[quote"e-1 >foo]",
"[quote"e-1 >bar]");
// Multi-line blockquote followed by normal paragraph (non-lazy mode)
MT("multiBlockquoteThenParagraph",
"[quote"e-1 >foo]",
"[quote"e-1 >bar]",
"",
"hello");
// Check list types
MT("listAsterisk",
"foo",
"bar",
"",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"[variable-2 * bar]");
MT("listPlus",
"foo",
"bar",
"",
"[variable-2 + foo]",
"[variable-2 + bar]");
MT("listDash",
"foo",
"bar",
"",
"[variable-2 - foo]",
"[variable-2 - bar]");
MT("listNumber",
"foo",
"bar",
"",
"[variable-2 1. foo]",
"[variable-2 2. bar]");
// Lists require a preceding blank line (per Dingus)
MT("listBogus",
"foo",
"1. bar",
"2. hello");
// List after header
MT("listAfterHeader",
"[header&header-1 # foo]",
"[variable-2 - bar]");
// Formatting in lists (*)
MT("listAsteriskFormatting",
"[variable-2 * ][variable-2&em *foo*][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 * ][variable-2&strong **foo**][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 * ][variable-2&strong **][variable-2&em&strong *foo**][variable-2&em *][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 * ][variable-2&comment `foo`][variable-2 bar]");
// Formatting in lists (+)
MT("listPlusFormatting",
"[variable-2 + ][variable-2&em *foo*][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 + ][variable-2&strong **foo**][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 + ][variable-2&strong **][variable-2&em&strong *foo**][variable-2&em *][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 + ][variable-2&comment `foo`][variable-2 bar]");
// Formatting in lists (-)
MT("listDashFormatting",
"[variable-2 - ][variable-2&em *foo*][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 - ][variable-2&strong **foo**][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 - ][variable-2&strong **][variable-2&em&strong *foo**][variable-2&em *][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 - ][variable-2&comment `foo`][variable-2 bar]");
// Formatting in lists (1.)
MT("listNumberFormatting",
"[variable-2 1. ][variable-2&em *foo*][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 2. ][variable-2&strong **foo**][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 3. ][variable-2&strong **][variable-2&em&strong *foo**][variable-2&em *][variable-2 bar]",
"[variable-2 4. ][variable-2&comment `foo`][variable-2 bar]");
// Paragraph lists
MT("listParagraph",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]");
// Multi-paragraph lists
//
// 4 spaces
MT("listMultiParagraph",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]",
"",
" [variable-2 hello]");
// 4 spaces, extra blank lines (should still be list, per Dingus)
MT("listMultiParagraphExtra",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]",
"",
"",
" [variable-2 hello]");
// 4 spaces, plus 1 space (should still be list, per Dingus)
MT("listMultiParagraphExtraSpace",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]",
"",
" [variable-2 hello]",
"",
" [variable-2 world]");
// 1 tab
MT("listTab",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]",
"",
"\t[variable-2 hello]");
// No indent
MT("listNoIndent",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]",
"",
"hello");
// Blockquote
MT("blockquote",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]",
"",
" [variable-2"e"e-1 > hello]");
// Code block
MT("blockquoteCode",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
"[variable-2 * bar]",
"",
" [comment > hello]",
"",
" [variable-2 world]");
// Code block followed by text
MT("blockquoteCodeText",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [variable-2 bar]",
"",
" [comment hello]",
"",
" [variable-2 world]");
// Nested list
MT("listAsteriskNested",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 * bar]");
MT("listPlusNested",
"[variable-2 + foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 + bar]");
MT("listDashNested",
"[variable-2 - foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 - bar]");
MT("listNumberNested",
"[variable-2 1. foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 2. bar]");
MT("listMixed",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 + bar]",
"",
" [keyword - hello]",
"",
" [variable-2 1. world]");
MT("listBlockquote",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 + bar]",
"",
" [quote"e-1&variable-3 > hello]");
MT("listCode",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 + bar]",
"",
" [comment hello]");
// Code with internal indentation
MT("listCodeIndentation",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [comment bar]",
" [comment hello]",
" [comment world]",
" [comment foo]",
" [variable-2 bar]");
// List nesting edge cases
MT("listNested",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 * bar]",
"",
" [variable-2 hello]"
);
MT("listNested",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [variable-3 * bar]",
"",
" [variable-3 * foo]"
);
// Code followed by text
MT("listCodeText",
"[variable-2 * foo]",
"",
" [comment bar]",
"",
"hello");
// Following tests directly from official Markdown documentation
// path_to_url#hr
MT("hrSpace",
"[hr * * *]");
MT("hr",
"[hr ***]");
MT("hrLong",
"[hr *****]");
MT("hrSpaceDash",
"[hr - - -]");
MT("hrDashLong",
"[hr ---------------------------------------]");
// Inline link with title
MT("linkTitle",
"[link [[foo]]][string (path_to_url \"bar\")] hello");
// Inline link without title
MT("linkNoTitle",
"[link [[foo]]][string (path_to_url bar");
// Inline link with image
MT("linkImage",
"[link [[][tag ![[foo]]][string (path_to_url ]]][string (path_to_url bar");
// Inline link with Em
MT("linkEm",
"[link [[][link&em *foo*][link ]]][string (path_to_url bar");
// Inline link with Strong
MT("linkStrong",
"[link [[][link&strong **foo**][link ]]][string (path_to_url bar");
// Inline link with EmStrong
MT("linkEmStrong",
"[link [[][link&strong **][link&em&strong *foo**][link&em *][link ]]][string (path_to_url bar");
// Image with title
MT("imageTitle",
"[tag ![[foo]]][string (path_to_url \"bar\")] hello");
// Image without title
MT("imageNoTitle",
"[tag ![[foo]]][string (path_to_url bar");
// Image with asterisks
MT("imageAsterisks",
"[tag ![[*foo*]]][string (path_to_url bar");
// Not a link. Should be normal text due to square brackets being used
// regularly in text, especially in quoted material, and no space is allowed
// between square brackets and parentheses (per Dingus).
MT("notALink",
"[[foo]] (bar)");
// Reference-style links
MT("linkReference",
"[link [[foo]]][string [[bar]]] hello");
// Reference-style links with Em
MT("linkReferenceEm",
"[link [[][link&em *foo*][link ]]][string [[bar]]] hello");
// Reference-style links with Strong
MT("linkReferenceStrong",
"[link [[][link&strong **foo**][link ]]][string [[bar]]] hello");
// Reference-style links with EmStrong
MT("linkReferenceEmStrong",
"[link [[][link&strong **][link&em&strong *foo**][link&em *][link ]]][string [[bar]]] hello");
// Reference-style links with optional space separator (per docuentation)
// "You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets"
MT("linkReferenceSpace",
"[link [[foo]]] [string [[bar]]] hello");
// Should only allow a single space ("...use *a* space...")
MT("linkReferenceDoubleSpace",
"[[foo]] [[bar]] hello");
// Reference-style links with implicit link name
MT("linkImplicit",
"[link [[foo]]][string [[]]] hello");
// @todo It would be nice if, at some point, the document was actually
// checked to see if the referenced link exists
// Link label, for reference-style links (taken from documentation)
MT("labelNoTitle",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url");
MT("labelIndented",
" [link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url");
MT("labelSpaceTitle",
"[link [[foo bar]]:] [string path_to_url \"hello\"]");
MT("labelDoubleTitle",
"[link [[foo bar]]:] [string path_to_url \"hello\"] \"world\"");
MT("labelTitleDoubleQuotes",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url \"bar\"]");
MT("labelTitleSingleQuotes",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url 'bar']");
MT("labelTitleParenthese",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url (bar)]");
MT("labelTitleInvalid",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url bar");
MT("labelLinkAngleBrackets",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string <path_to_url \"bar\"]");
MT("labelTitleNextDoubleQuotes",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url",
"[string \"bar\"] hello");
MT("labelTitleNextSingleQuotes",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url",
"[string 'bar'] hello");
MT("labelTitleNextParenthese",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url",
"[string (bar)] hello");
MT("labelTitleNextMixed",
"[link [[foo]]:] [string path_to_url",
"(bar\" hello");
MT("linkWeb",
"[link <path_to_url foo");
MT("linkWebDouble",
"[link <path_to_url foo [link <path_to_url");
MT("linkEmail",
"[link <user@example.com>] foo");
MT("linkEmailDouble",
"[link <user@example.com>] foo [link <user@example.com>]");
MT("emAsterisk",
"[em *foo*] bar");
MT("emUnderscore",
"[em _foo_] bar");
MT("emInWordAsterisk",
"foo[em *bar*]hello");
MT("emInWordUnderscore",
"foo[em _bar_]hello");
// Per documentation: "...surround an * or _ with spaces, itll be
// treated as a literal asterisk or underscore."
MT("emEscapedBySpaceIn",
"foo [em _bar _ hello_] world");
MT("emEscapedBySpaceOut",
"foo _ bar[em _hello_]world");
MT("emEscapedByNewline",
"foo",
"_ bar[em _hello_]world");
// Unclosed emphasis characters
// Instead of simply marking as EM / STRONG, it would be nice to have an
// incomplete flag for EM and STRONG, that is styled slightly different.
MT("emIncompleteAsterisk",
"foo [em *bar]");
MT("emIncompleteUnderscore",
"foo [em _bar]");
MT("strongAsterisk",
"[strong **foo**] bar");
MT("strongUnderscore",
"[strong __foo__] bar");
MT("emStrongAsterisk",
"[em *foo][em&strong **bar*][strong hello**] world");
MT("emStrongUnderscore",
"[em _foo][em&strong __bar_][strong hello__] world");
// "...same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.""
MT("emStrongMixed",
"[em _foo][em&strong **bar*hello__ world]");
MT("emStrongMixed",
"[em *foo][em&strong __bar_hello** world]");
// These characters should be escaped:
// \ backslash
// ` backtick
// * asterisk
// _ underscore
// {} curly braces
// [] square brackets
// () parentheses
// # hash mark
// + plus sign
// - minus sign (hyphen)
// . dot
// ! exclamation mark
MT("escapeBacktick",
"foo \\`bar\\`");
MT("doubleEscapeBacktick",
"foo \\\\[comment `bar\\\\`]");
MT("escapeAsterisk",
"foo \\*bar\\*");
MT("doubleEscapeAsterisk",
"foo \\\\[em *bar\\\\*]");
MT("escapeUnderscore",
"foo \\_bar\\_");
MT("doubleEscapeUnderscore",
"foo \\\\[em _bar\\\\_]");
MT("escapeHash",
"\\# foo");
MT("doubleEscapeHash",
"\\\\# foo");
MT("escapeNewline",
"\\",
"[em *foo*]");
// Tests to make sure GFM-specific things aren't getting through
MT("taskList",
"[variable-2 * [ ]] bar]");
MT("fencedCodeBlocks",
"[comment ```]",
"foo",
"[comment ```]");
// Tests that require XML mode
MT("xmlMode",
"[tag&bracket <][tag div][tag&bracket >]",
"*foo*",
"[tag&bracket <][tag path_to_url />]",
"[tag&bracket </][tag div][tag&bracket >]",
"[link <path_to_url");
MT("xmlModeWithMarkdownInside",
"[tag&bracket <][tag div] [attribute markdown]=[string 1][tag&bracket >]",
"[em *foo*]",
"[link <path_to_url",
"[tag </div>]",
"[link <path_to_url",
"[tag&bracket <][tag div][tag&bracket >]",
"[tag&bracket </][tag div][tag&bracket >]");
})();
``` |
"Autonomus" is a frequent misspelling of "autonomous".
Saint Autonomus (died 313) is a martyr saint. He is said to have been an Italian bishop who escaped the Diocletianic Persecution by migrating to Bithynia in Asia Minor. He evangelized the region, served as first bishop of Bolu (Bithnynium), and was subsequently martyred.
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, his feast day is celebrated on September 12.
External links
Autonomus
Further reading
Clive Foss, "St. Autonomus and His Church in Bithynia," Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 41, Studies on Art and Archeology in Honor of Ernst Kitzinger on His Seventy-Fifth Birthday (1987), pp. 187–198.
313 deaths
4th-century Christian martyrs
4th-century Romans
Year of birth unknown
Diocletianic Persecution |
Joe Thompson vs Walter Clarke was decided in December 1817.
Background and Facts
Joe Thompson was born circa 1784 in St. Mary's County, Maryland where he was enslaved to a prosperous farmer and slaveholder John Thompson. Slaveholder John Thompson's died in 1804,in a subsequent 21 February 1805 estate inventory, of real and personal property, Joe Thompson is enumerated among the 24 listed slaves. In this document, Joe Thompson's age is given as 21 years. John Thompson's last will pronounced his strong desire that most of his slaves; including Joe and his wife Nell, be prospectively manumitted after a period of 10 years in servitude. The younger enslaved individuals were to be likewise freed after other specified periods. Most slaves in the District of Columbia were "slaves for life." However a slave granted a prospective manumission became "a term slave". For a slaveholder to free a slave by manumission, was to reduce the total value of his or her estate. Even manumission by last will and testament was not always secure for heirs often challenged such testamentary manumissions in court. While John Thompson's will had made provisions for his widow Elizabeth, she through her attorney challenged the will, especially the testamentary manumissions. Following her death, she left the residue of her estate to her brother in law Walter Clarke, 1777 - 1846 who had married Anne Thompson and subsequently became estate administrator. Walter Clarke moved into the District circa 1798 where he became a prominent businessman who served the District of Columbia as an Alderman and later on the Board of Appeals. Walter Clarke was a slaveholder in his own right purchasing and utilizing slaves both for his business and household. Clarke quickly moved to set aside the provisions of John Thompson's will. As administrator Clarke held Joe, Nell, and their daughter Sarah Ann as slaves after 1808. Clarke also appeared as a juror in an early and highly significant petition for freedom case, Ben v. Sabret Scott (1807).
About 1808 Clarke leased Joe Thompson to the Washington Navy Yard, where Thompson worked as a blacksmith striker for many years. For the first thirty years of the nineteenth century, the Navy Yard was the District's principal employer of enslaved African Americans. Their numbers rose rapidly and by 1808, the enslaved made up one-third of the workforce. During this era the navy yard was "a favorite place to rent out slaves," and to sell them; but quickly became a recognized center of resistance.
The number of enslaved workers gradually declined during the next thirty years, though free and some enslaved African Americans remained a vital presence. One such person was a former slave later freeman Michael Shiner 1805-1880 whose diary chronicled his life and work at the navy yard for over half a century The majority of District slaveholders appear to have negotiated their own rental contracts with the navy yard. Exactly when Joe Thompson was employed at the navy yard is unknown, the first surviving document enumerating Thompson dates from 12 May 1808. This document written to answer a query from the Secretary of the Navy provides the names of slaves and slaveholders. Typically to get their bondsmen on the navy payroll; some owners dealt directly with the master mechanics, especially those in the blacksmith shop, while others bargained with the Commandant or the Secretary of the Navy. Most slave rentals were private transactions and except for the notations of wages paid and the names of the slaveholder, we have few details. In some instances the enslaved conducted their own negotiations with an employer and arranged self-hire Note in the 1811 payroll (see thumbnail) Thompson and the other enslaved workers were paid 85 cents per day while the typical white blacksmith earned $1.80 per day. Joe Thompson and his wife Nelly age 22, must have kept careful track of the terms of John Thompson's will. On the navy yard the enslaved workforce was far from passive, on 1 August 1809 Commodore Thomas Tingey complained to Secretary of the Navy Paul Hamilton regarding black freeman and ship caulker Henry Adams, who had the courage to write Hamilton requesting the same wages as white men, "I am concerned that you should be thus pestered with, and will certainly endeavor to discover, who it is thus prone to disturb or destroy the regulations & discipline of this yard, by aiding such men as Adams with their pens and stimulating them to troublesome acts. Henry Adams, "Sir, is an ignorant impertinent Negro man, who however, it is allowed, is a good journeyman caulker,...."
The work environment at the shipyard, blacksmith shop was rough and at times brutal. Naval Yard architect Benjamin Latrobe, writing to a friend on 5 October 1811, described Joe Thompson's boss, master blacksmith Benjamin King as, “He [King] has been swearing and whipping his black Strikers at a terrible rate these two days past over it.” King a slaveholder himself, was an outspoken advocate for enslaved labor. In 1809 King disclosed, “Experience has pointed out the utility of employing for Strikers Black Men in preference to white & of them Slaves before Freemen – The Strict distinction necessary to be kept up in the shop is more easily enforced.”
As early as 1815 the Board of Navy Commissioners complained of "maimed & unmanageable slaves." Somehow Joe Thompson found his way to Francis Scott Key, who had represented other petitioners for freedom, and put together this case as soon as the 10 years were up. Key a noted attorney in the first two decades of the nineteenth century, although a slaveholder himself,had a reputation for offering his services gratis to slaves and former slaves. In 1815 Joe Thompson filed a petition for freedom in which he was represented by Francis Scott Key 1779 -1843 and Augustus Taney -1787 - 1823 brother of Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney 1777 -1864, and author of Dred Scott v. Sandford. The Thompson freedom petition was decided in December 1817 with a verdict for the plaintiff.
Ruling and Scope
The Circuit Court of the District of Columbia with Judge William Cranch presiding held "If a testator by his will manumits his slaves after a certain term of service, and the widow renounces the provision made for her by the will and adheres to her rights under the law of Maryland, and there is sufficient personal estate to satisfy her thirds without resorting to the slaves, they will be entitled to their freedom, although the executor should have assigned them to the widow in part satisfaction of her claim."
Following his manumission, Joe Thompson continued to work at the Washington Navy Yard blacksmith shop as a blacksmith striker. He is listed on the 1819 payroll of mechanics and laborers, as a blacksmith striker pay rate $1.12 per day, on the April 1829 list of persons employed at the Washington Navy Yard, Thompson's again appears with the shipyard blacksmith shop employees, pay-rate $1.12 per diem. The compilers specifically noted Joe Thompson as "free.". On the same 1829 list of black free and enslaved employees is celebrated diarist Michael Shiner. On the list, Shiner is enumerated as a slave of the clerk of the yard, Thomas Howard. In that year Shiner was working in the navy yard "ordinary" where his occupation is given as "O.S." or Ordinary Seaman. This was a common subterfuge of the era to avoid restrictions on the employment of enslaved labor. Shiner's wages are recorded as $10.00 per month, but were collected by Thomas Howard.
News of the favorable verdict for Thompson spread rapidly within the navy yard African American community. Michael Shiner, in similar circumstances, and scheduled to be prospectively manumitted after a period of 10 years in servitude. However, in 1836 faced with a reluctant estate administrator, Shiner who had worked with Joe Thompson for years, chose to adopt the same freedom petition strategy. On 25 March 1836 Shiner acting through his attorney, filed a successful petition for freedom.
Joe Thompson vs Walter Clarke, while favorable, to the plaintiff, the unique facts of the case in that "the widow renounces the provision made for her" limited the scope of the decision. This meant as a matter of law, the Thompson case had limited application, as the verdict, hinged on a plainly written testamentary manumission. Such testamentary manumissions were often successfully challenged in court.see Bell vs. Stephenson 1835. The ruling although limited in scope, would have made "a significant impression at the Navy Yard", especially on Thompson's fellow workers and freedom seekers Michael Shiner and Daniel Bell.
References
1817 in United States case law
1817 in Washington, D.C.
United States slavery case law
Legal history of the District of Columbia
United States state case law |
```go
package routing
import (
"crypto/rand"
"crypto/sha256"
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"testing"
"time"
"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec/v2"
"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/channeldb"
"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/lntypes"
"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/routing/route"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
)
var (
priv, _ = btcec.NewPrivateKey()
pub = priv.PubKey()
testHop = &route.Hop{
PubKeyBytes: route.NewVertex(pub),
ChannelID: 12345,
OutgoingTimeLock: 111,
AmtToForward: 555,
LegacyPayload: true,
}
testRoute = route.Route{
TotalTimeLock: 123,
TotalAmount: 1234567,
SourcePubKey: route.NewVertex(pub),
Hops: []*route.Hop{
testHop,
testHop,
},
}
testTimeout = 5 * time.Second
)
// TestControlTowerSubscribeUnknown tests that subscribing to an unknown
// payment fails.
func TestControlTowerSubscribeUnknown(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
db, err := initDB(t, false)
require.NoError(t, err, "unable to init db")
pControl := NewControlTower(channeldb.NewPaymentControl(db))
// Subscription should fail when the payment is not known.
_, err = pControl.SubscribePayment(lntypes.Hash{1})
if err != channeldb.ErrPaymentNotInitiated {
t.Fatal("expected subscribe to fail for unknown payment")
}
}
// TestControlTowerSubscribeSuccess tests that payment updates for a
// successful payment are properly sent to subscribers.
func TestControlTowerSubscribeSuccess(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
db, err := initDB(t, false)
require.NoError(t, err, "unable to init db")
pControl := NewControlTower(channeldb.NewPaymentControl(db))
// Initiate a payment.
info, attempt, preimg, err := genInfo()
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
err = pControl.InitPayment(info.PaymentIdentifier, info)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// Subscription should succeed and immediately report the InFlight
// status.
subscriber1, err := pControl.SubscribePayment(info.PaymentIdentifier)
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got")
// Register an attempt.
err = pControl.RegisterAttempt(info.PaymentIdentifier, attempt)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// Register a second subscriber after the first attempt has started.
subscriber2, err := pControl.SubscribePayment(info.PaymentIdentifier)
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got")
// Mark the payment as successful.
settleInfo := channeldb.HTLCSettleInfo{
Preimage: preimg,
}
htlcAttempt, err := pControl.SettleAttempt(
info.PaymentIdentifier, attempt.AttemptID, &settleInfo,
)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if *htlcAttempt.Settle != settleInfo {
t.Fatalf("unexpected settle info returned")
}
// Register a third subscriber after the payment succeeded.
subscriber3, err := pControl.SubscribePayment(info.PaymentIdentifier)
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got")
// We expect all subscribers to now report the final outcome followed by
// no other events.
subscribers := []ControlTowerSubscriber{
subscriber1, subscriber2, subscriber3,
}
for i, s := range subscribers {
var result *channeldb.MPPayment
for result == nil || !result.Terminated() {
select {
case item := <-s.Updates():
result = item.(*channeldb.MPPayment)
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
t.Fatal("timeout waiting for payment result")
}
}
require.Equalf(t, channeldb.StatusSucceeded, result.GetStatus(),
"subscriber %v failed, want %s, got %s", i,
channeldb.StatusSucceeded, result.GetStatus())
attempt, _ := result.TerminalInfo()
if attempt.Settle.Preimage != preimg {
t.Fatal("unexpected preimage")
}
if len(result.HTLCs) != 1 {
t.Fatalf("expected one htlc, got %d", len(result.HTLCs))
}
htlc := result.HTLCs[0]
if !reflect.DeepEqual(htlc.Route, attempt.Route) {
t.Fatalf("unexpected htlc route: %v vs %v",
spew.Sdump(htlc.Route),
spew.Sdump(attempt.Route))
}
// After the final event, we expect the channel to be closed.
select {
case _, ok := <-s.Updates():
if ok {
t.Fatal("expected channel to be closed")
}
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
t.Fatal("timeout waiting for result channel close")
}
}
}
// TestPaymentControlSubscribeFail tests that payment updates for a
// failed payment are properly sent to subscribers.
func TestPaymentControlSubscribeFail(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
t.Run("register attempt, keep failed payments", func(t *testing.T) {
testPaymentControlSubscribeFail(t, true, true)
})
t.Run("register attempt, delete failed payments", func(t *testing.T) {
testPaymentControlSubscribeFail(t, true, false)
})
t.Run("no register attempt, keep failed payments", func(t *testing.T) {
testPaymentControlSubscribeFail(t, false, true)
})
t.Run("no register attempt, delete failed payments", func(t *testing.T) {
testPaymentControlSubscribeFail(t, false, false)
})
}
// TestPaymentControlSubscribeAllSuccess tests that multiple payments are
// properly sent to subscribers of TrackPayments.
func TestPaymentControlSubscribeAllSuccess(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
db, err := initDB(t, true)
require.NoError(t, err, "unable to init db: %v")
pControl := NewControlTower(channeldb.NewPaymentControl(db))
// Initiate a payment.
info1, attempt1, preimg1, err := genInfo()
require.NoError(t, err)
err = pControl.InitPayment(info1.PaymentIdentifier, info1)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Subscription should succeed and immediately report the Initiated
// status.
subscription, err := pControl.SubscribeAllPayments()
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got: %v")
// Register an attempt.
err = pControl.RegisterAttempt(info1.PaymentIdentifier, attempt1)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Initiate a second payment after the subscription is already active.
info2, attempt2, preimg2, err := genInfo()
require.NoError(t, err)
err = pControl.InitPayment(info2.PaymentIdentifier, info2)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Register an attempt on the second payment.
err = pControl.RegisterAttempt(info2.PaymentIdentifier, attempt2)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Mark the first payment as successful.
settleInfo1 := channeldb.HTLCSettleInfo{
Preimage: preimg1,
}
htlcAttempt1, err := pControl.SettleAttempt(
info1.PaymentIdentifier, attempt1.AttemptID, &settleInfo1,
)
require.NoError(t, err)
require.Equal(
t, settleInfo1, *htlcAttempt1.Settle,
"unexpected settle info returned",
)
// Mark the second payment as successful.
settleInfo2 := channeldb.HTLCSettleInfo{
Preimage: preimg2,
}
htlcAttempt2, err := pControl.SettleAttempt(
info2.PaymentIdentifier, attempt2.AttemptID, &settleInfo2,
)
require.NoError(t, err)
require.Equal(
t, settleInfo2, *htlcAttempt2.Settle,
"unexpected fail info returned",
)
// The two payments will be asserted individually, store the last update
// for each payment.
results := make(map[lntypes.Hash]*channeldb.MPPayment)
// After exactly 6 updates both payments will/should have completed.
for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
select {
case item := <-subscription.Updates():
id := item.(*channeldb.MPPayment).Info.PaymentIdentifier
results[id] = item.(*channeldb.MPPayment)
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
require.Fail(t, "timeout waiting for payment result")
}
}
result1 := results[info1.PaymentIdentifier]
require.Equal(
t, channeldb.StatusSucceeded, result1.GetStatus(),
"unexpected payment state payment 1",
)
settle1, _ := result1.TerminalInfo()
require.Equal(t, preimg1, settle1.Settle.Preimage,
"unexpected preimage payment 1")
require.Len(
t, result1.HTLCs, 1, "expect 1 htlc for payment 1, got %d",
len(result1.HTLCs),
)
htlc1 := result1.HTLCs[0]
require.Equal(t, attempt1.Route, htlc1.Route, "unexpected htlc route.")
result2 := results[info2.PaymentIdentifier]
require.Equal(
t, channeldb.StatusSucceeded, result2.GetStatus(),
"unexpected payment state payment 2",
)
settle2, _ := result2.TerminalInfo()
require.Equal(t, preimg2, settle2.Settle.Preimage,
"unexpected preimage payment 2")
require.Len(
t, result2.HTLCs, 1, "expect 1 htlc for payment 2, got %d",
len(result2.HTLCs),
)
htlc2 := result2.HTLCs[0]
require.Equal(t, attempt2.Route, htlc2.Route, "unexpected htlc route.")
}
// TestPaymentControlSubscribeAllImmediate tests whether already inflight
// payments are reported at the start of the SubscribeAllPayments subscription.
func TestPaymentControlSubscribeAllImmediate(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
db, err := initDB(t, true)
require.NoError(t, err, "unable to init db: %v")
pControl := NewControlTower(channeldb.NewPaymentControl(db))
// Initiate a payment.
info, attempt, _, err := genInfo()
require.NoError(t, err)
err = pControl.InitPayment(info.PaymentIdentifier, info)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Register a payment update.
err = pControl.RegisterAttempt(info.PaymentIdentifier, attempt)
require.NoError(t, err)
subscription, err := pControl.SubscribeAllPayments()
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got: %v")
// Assert the new subscription receives the old update.
select {
case update := <-subscription.Updates():
require.NotNil(t, update)
require.Equal(
t, info.PaymentIdentifier,
update.(*channeldb.MPPayment).Info.PaymentIdentifier,
)
require.Len(t, subscription.Updates(), 0)
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
require.Fail(t, "timeout waiting for payment result")
}
}
// TestPaymentControlUnsubscribeSuccess tests that when unsubscribed, there are
// no more notifications to that specific subscription.
func TestPaymentControlUnsubscribeSuccess(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
db, err := initDB(t, true)
require.NoError(t, err, "unable to init db: %v")
pControl := NewControlTower(channeldb.NewPaymentControl(db))
subscription1, err := pControl.SubscribeAllPayments()
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got: %v")
subscription2, err := pControl.SubscribeAllPayments()
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got: %v")
// Initiate a payment.
info, attempt, _, err := genInfo()
require.NoError(t, err)
err = pControl.InitPayment(info.PaymentIdentifier, info)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Assert all subscriptions receive the update.
select {
case update1 := <-subscription1.Updates():
require.NotNil(t, update1)
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
require.Fail(t, "timeout waiting for payment result")
}
select {
case update2 := <-subscription2.Updates():
require.NotNil(t, update2)
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
require.Fail(t, "timeout waiting for payment result")
}
// Close the first subscription.
subscription1.Close()
// Register a payment update.
err = pControl.RegisterAttempt(info.PaymentIdentifier, attempt)
require.NoError(t, err)
// Assert only subscription 2 receives the update.
select {
case update2 := <-subscription2.Updates():
require.NotNil(t, update2)
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
require.Fail(t, "timeout waiting for payment result")
}
require.Len(t, subscription1.Updates(), 0)
// Close the second subscription.
subscription2.Close()
// Register another update.
failInfo := channeldb.HTLCFailInfo{
Reason: channeldb.HTLCFailInternal,
}
_, err = pControl.FailAttempt(
info.PaymentIdentifier, attempt.AttemptID, &failInfo,
)
require.NoError(t, err, "unable to fail htlc")
// Assert no subscriptions receive the update.
require.Len(t, subscription1.Updates(), 0)
require.Len(t, subscription2.Updates(), 0)
}
func testPaymentControlSubscribeFail(t *testing.T, registerAttempt,
keepFailedPaymentAttempts bool) {
db, err := initDB(t, keepFailedPaymentAttempts)
require.NoError(t, err, "unable to init db")
pControl := NewControlTower(channeldb.NewPaymentControl(db))
// Initiate a payment.
info, attempt, _, err := genInfo()
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
err = pControl.InitPayment(info.PaymentIdentifier, info)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// Subscription should succeed.
subscriber1, err := pControl.SubscribePayment(info.PaymentIdentifier)
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got")
// Conditionally register the attempt based on the test type. This
// allows us to simulate failing after attempting with an htlc or before
// making any attempts at all.
if registerAttempt {
// Register an attempt.
err = pControl.RegisterAttempt(info.PaymentIdentifier, attempt)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// Fail the payment attempt.
failInfo := channeldb.HTLCFailInfo{
Reason: channeldb.HTLCFailInternal,
}
htlcAttempt, err := pControl.FailAttempt(
info.PaymentIdentifier, attempt.AttemptID, &failInfo,
)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("unable to fail htlc: %v", err)
}
if *htlcAttempt.Failure != failInfo {
t.Fatalf("unexpected fail info returned")
}
}
// Mark the payment as failed.
err = pControl.FailPayment(
info.PaymentIdentifier, channeldb.FailureReasonTimeout,
)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// Register a second subscriber after the payment failed.
subscriber2, err := pControl.SubscribePayment(info.PaymentIdentifier)
require.NoError(t, err, "expected subscribe to succeed, but got")
// We expect both subscribers to now report the final outcome followed
// by no other events.
subscribers := []ControlTowerSubscriber{
subscriber1, subscriber2,
}
for i, s := range subscribers {
var result *channeldb.MPPayment
for result == nil || !result.Terminated() {
select {
case item := <-s.Updates():
result = item.(*channeldb.MPPayment)
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
t.Fatal("timeout waiting for payment result")
}
}
if result.GetStatus() == channeldb.StatusSucceeded {
t.Fatal("unexpected payment state")
}
// There will either be one or zero htlcs depending on whether
// or not the attempt was registered. Assert the correct number
// is present, and the route taken if the attempt was
// registered.
if registerAttempt {
if len(result.HTLCs) != 1 {
t.Fatalf("expected 1 htlc, got: %d",
len(result.HTLCs))
}
htlc := result.HTLCs[0]
if !reflect.DeepEqual(htlc.Route, testRoute) {
t.Fatalf("unexpected htlc route: %v vs %v",
spew.Sdump(htlc.Route),
spew.Sdump(testRoute))
}
} else if len(result.HTLCs) != 0 {
t.Fatalf("expected 0 htlcs, got: %d",
len(result.HTLCs))
}
require.Equalf(t, channeldb.StatusFailed, result.GetStatus(),
"subscriber %v failed, want %s, got %s", i,
channeldb.StatusFailed, result.GetStatus())
if *result.FailureReason != channeldb.FailureReasonTimeout {
t.Fatal("unexpected failure reason")
}
// After the final event, we expect the channel to be closed.
select {
case _, ok := <-s.Updates():
if ok {
t.Fatal("expected channel to be closed")
}
case <-time.After(testTimeout):
t.Fatal("timeout waiting for result channel close")
}
}
}
func initDB(t *testing.T, keepFailedPaymentAttempts bool) (*channeldb.DB, error) {
db, err := channeldb.Open(
t.TempDir(), channeldb.OptionKeepFailedPaymentAttempts(
keepFailedPaymentAttempts,
),
)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return db, err
}
func genInfo() (*channeldb.PaymentCreationInfo, *channeldb.HTLCAttemptInfo,
lntypes.Preimage, error) {
preimage, err := genPreimage()
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, preimage, fmt.Errorf("unable to "+
"generate preimage: %v", err)
}
rhash := sha256.Sum256(preimage[:])
return &channeldb.PaymentCreationInfo{
PaymentIdentifier: rhash,
Value: testRoute.ReceiverAmt(),
CreationTime: time.Unix(time.Now().Unix(), 0),
PaymentRequest: []byte("hola"),
},
&channeldb.NewHtlcAttempt(
1, priv, testRoute, time.Time{}, nil,
).HTLCAttemptInfo, preimage, nil
}
func genPreimage() ([32]byte, error) {
var preimage [32]byte
if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, preimage[:]); err != nil {
return preimage, err
}
return preimage, nil
}
``` |
Maja Grbić (; born 1980) is a politician in Serbia. She served in the National Assembly of Serbia from 2020 to 2021 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.
Private life
Grbić has a Bachelor of Laws degree. She is from Stara Pazova, Vojvodina.
Politician
Municipal politics
Grbić has been a member of the Progressive Party's municipal board in Stara Pazova. She has also served as assistant to the mayor of Stara Pazova for agriculture and communal activities and has led the municipality's department of urban works and construction.
Parliamentarian
Grbić received the ninety-seventh position on the Progressive Party's Aleksandar Vučić — For Our Children list in the 2020 parliamentary election and was elected when the list won a landslide majority with 188 mandates. During her time in parliament, she was a member of the committee on spatial planning, transport, infrastructure, and telecommunications; a deputy member of the health and family committee and the environmental protection committee; the head of Serbia's parliamentary friendship group with the Solomon Islands; and a member of the parliamentary friendship groups with Austria, China, Greece, Israel, Qatar, and Russia. She resigned from the assembly on 30 June 2021.
References
1980 births
Living people
People from Stara Pazova
Members of the National Assembly (Serbia)
Serbian Progressive Party politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (Serbia) |
Bikur Cholim B'nai Israel Synagogue is an historic synagogue in Swan Lake, Sullivan County, New York. It was built about 1926 and is a small, -story wood-frame building with a stucco finish.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.
It is currently used annually three days a year for Holiday Services on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.
References
Synagogues in Sullivan County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New York
Synagogues on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Synagogues completed in 1926
1926 establishments in New York (state) |
The Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAACS or, transliterating the Russian acronym, RAASN) (, РААСН) is an official academy of the Russian Federation specializing in architecture and construction.
It was established by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation on March 26, 1992; its precursors were the Academy of Architecture of the USSR (1934–1956) and the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR (1956–1964). It has 60 full members (academics), 115 corresponding members, 64 honorary members, and 75 foreign members from 25 countries. The Academy is headquartered in Moscow and it has five regional divisions: Saint Petersburg, Volga, Uralian, Siberian, and Southern.
References
External links
Official site
Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning of the "Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences" (section)
Architecture Heritage Journal website of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences
1992 establishments in Russia
Culture of Russia
A
Architecture and Construction Sciences |
The following is a list of the 163 communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department of France.
The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur
Communauté d'agglomération Cannes Pays de Lérins
Communauté d'agglomération du Pays de Grasse
Communauté d'agglomération de la Riviera Française
Communauté d'agglomération de Sophia Antipolis
Communauté de communes Alpes d'Azur
Communauté de communes du Pays des Paillons
References
Alpes-Maritimes |
Penyevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2002.
Geography
Penyevo is located 28 km southwest of Shuyskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Svyatogorye is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast |
```python
from visidata import vd, IndexSheet
vd.option('load_lazy', False, 'load subsheets always (False) or lazily (True)')
vd.option('skip', 0, 'skip N rows before header', replay=True)
vd.option('header', 1, 'parse first N rows as column names', replay=True)
IndexSheet.options.header = 0
IndexSheet.options.skip = 0
``` |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package com.oracle.truffle.espresso.libjavavm;
import static com.oracle.truffle.espresso.libjavavm.jniapi.JNIErrors.JNI_ERR;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.graalvm.nativeimage.RuntimeOptions;
import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.struct.SizeOf;
import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CCharPointer;
import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CTypeConversion;
import org.graalvm.polyglot.Context;
import org.graalvm.word.Pointer;
import com.oracle.truffle.espresso.libjavavm.arghelper.ArgumentsHandler;
import com.oracle.truffle.espresso.libjavavm.jniapi.JNIErrors;
import com.oracle.truffle.espresso.libjavavm.jniapi.JNIJavaVMInitArgs;
import com.oracle.truffle.espresso.libjavavm.jniapi.JNIJavaVMOption;
public final class Arguments {
private static final PrintStream STDERR = System.err;
public static final String JAVA_PROPS = "java.Properties.";
private static final String AGENT_LIB = "java.AgentLib.";
private static final String AGENT_PATH = "java.AgentPath.";
private static final String JAVA_AGENT = "java.JavaAgent";
/*
* HotSpot comment:
*
* the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are omitted from jvm_args string as
* each have their own PerfData string constant object.
*/
private static final List<String> ignoredJvmArgs = Arrays.asList(
"-Djava.class.path",
"-Dsun.java.command",
"-Dsun.java.launcher");
private Arguments() {
}
private static final Set<String> IGNORED_XX_OPTIONS = Set.of(
"ReservedCodeCacheSize",
// `TieredStopAtLevel=0` is handled separately, other values are ignored
"TieredStopAtLevel",
"MaxMetaspaceSize",
"HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError");
private static final Map<String, String> MAPPED_XX_OPTIONS = Map.of(
"TieredCompilation", "engine.MultiTier");
public static int setupContext(Context.Builder builder, JNIJavaVMInitArgs args) {
Pointer p = (Pointer) args.getOptions();
int count = args.getNOptions();
String classpath = null;
String bootClasspathPrepend = null;
String bootClasspathAppend = null;
ArgumentsHandler handler = new ArgumentsHandler(builder, IGNORED_XX_OPTIONS, MAPPED_XX_OPTIONS, args);
List<String> jvmArgs = new ArrayList<>();
boolean ignoreUnrecognized = false;
boolean autoAdjustHeapSize = true;
List<String> xOptions = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
JNIJavaVMOption option = (JNIJavaVMOption) p.add(i * SizeOf.get(JNIJavaVMOption.class));
CCharPointer str = option.getOptionString();
try {
if (str.isNonNull()) {
String optionString = CTypeConversion.toJavaString(option.getOptionString());
buildJvmArg(jvmArgs, optionString);
if (optionString.startsWith("-Xbootclasspath:")) {
bootClasspathPrepend = null;
bootClasspathAppend = null;
builder.option("java.BootClasspath", optionString.substring("-Xbootclasspath:".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-Xbootclasspath/a:")) {
bootClasspathAppend = appendPath(bootClasspathAppend, optionString.substring("-Xbootclasspath/a:".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-Xbootclasspath/p:")) {
bootClasspathPrepend = prependPath(optionString.substring("-Xbootclasspath/p:".length()), bootClasspathPrepend);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-Xverify:")) {
String mode = optionString.substring("-Xverify:".length());
builder.option("java.Verify", mode);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-Xrunjdwp:")) {
String value = optionString.substring("-Xrunjdwp:".length());
builder.option("java.JDWPOptions", value);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-agentlib:jdwp=")) {
String value = optionString.substring("-agentlib:jdwp=".length());
builder.option("java.JDWPOptions", value);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-javaagent:")) {
String value = optionString.substring("-javaagent:".length());
builder.option(JAVA_AGENT, value);
handler.addModules("java.instrument");
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-agentlib:")) {
String[] split = splitEquals(optionString.substring("-agentlib:".length()));
builder.option(AGENT_LIB + split[0], split[1]);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-agentpath:")) {
String[] split = splitEquals(optionString.substring("-agentpath:".length()));
builder.option(AGENT_PATH + split[0], split[1]);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-D")) {
String key = optionString.substring("-D".length());
int splitAt = key.indexOf("=");
String value = "";
if (splitAt >= 0) {
value = key.substring(splitAt + 1);
key = key.substring(0, splitAt);
}
if (handler.isModulesOption(key)) {
warn("Ignoring system property -D" + key + " that is reserved for internal use.");
continue;
}
switch (key) {
case "espresso.library.path":
builder.option("java.EspressoLibraryPath", value);
break;
case "java.library.path":
builder.option("java.JavaLibraryPath", value);
break;
case "java.class.path":
classpath = value;
break;
case "java.ext.dirs":
builder.option("java.ExtDirs", value);
break;
case "sun.boot.class.path":
builder.option("java.BootClasspath", value);
break;
case "sun.boot.library.path":
builder.option("java.BootLibraryPath", value);
break;
}
builder.option(JAVA_PROPS + key, value);
} else if (optionString.equals("-ea") || optionString.equals("-enableassertions")) {
builder.option("java.EnableAssertions", "true");
} else if (optionString.equals("-esa") || optionString.equals("-enablesystemassertions")) {
builder.option("java.EnableSystemAssertions", "true");
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--add-reads=")) {
handler.addReads(optionString.substring("--add-reads=".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--add-exports=")) {
handler.addExports(optionString.substring("--add-exports=".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--add-opens=")) {
handler.addOpens(optionString.substring("--add-opens=".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--add-modules=")) {
handler.addModules(optionString.substring("--add-modules=".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--enable-native-access=")) {
handler.enableNativeAccess(optionString.substring("--enable-native-access=".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--module-path=")) {
builder.option("java.ModulePath", optionString.substring("--module-path=".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--upgrade-module-path=")) {
builder.option(JAVA_PROPS + "jdk.module.upgrade.path", optionString.substring("--upgrade-module-path=".length()));
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--limit-modules=")) {
builder.option(JAVA_PROPS + "jdk.module.limitmods", optionString.substring("--limit-modules=".length()));
} else if (optionString.equals("--enable-preview")) {
builder.option("java.EnablePreview", "true");
} else if (optionString.equals("-XX:-AutoAdjustHeapSize")) {
autoAdjustHeapSize = false;
} else if (optionString.equals("-XX:+AutoAdjustHeapSize")) {
autoAdjustHeapSize = true;
} else if (isXOption(optionString)) {
xOptions.add(optionString);
} else if (optionString.equals("-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
ignoreUnrecognized = true;
} else if (optionString.equals("-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
ignoreUnrecognized = false;
} else if (optionString.equals("-XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions") ||
optionString.equals("-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions")) {
// approximate UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions as UnlockExperimentalVMOptions
handler.setExperimental(true);
} else if (optionString.equals("-XX:-UnlockExperimentalVMOptions") ||
optionString.equals("-XX:-UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions")) {
handler.setExperimental(false);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--vm.")) {
handler.handleVMOption(optionString);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-Xcomp")) {
builder.option("engine.CompileImmediately", "true");
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-Xbatch")) {
builder.option("engine.BackgroundCompilation", "false");
builder.option("engine.CompileImmediately", "true");
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-Xint") || optionString.equals("-XX:TieredStopAtLevel=0")) {
builder.option("engine.Compilation", "false");
} else if (optionString.startsWith("-XX:")) {
handler.handleXXArg(optionString);
} else if (optionString.startsWith("--help:")) {
handler.help(optionString);
} else if (isExperimentalFlag(optionString)) {
// skip: previously handled
} else if (optionString.equals("--polyglot")) {
// skip: handled by mokapot
} else if (optionString.equals("--native")) {
// skip: silently succeed.
} else if (optionString.equals("--jvm")) {
throw abort("Unsupported flag: '--jvm' mode is not supported with this launcher.");
} else {
handler.parsePolyglotOption(optionString);
}
}
} catch (ArgumentException e) {
if (!ignoreUnrecognized) {
// Failed to parse
warn(e.getMessage());
return JNI_ERR();
}
}
}
for (String xOption : xOptions) {
var opt = xOption;
if (autoAdjustHeapSize) {
opt = maybeAdjustMaxHeapSize(xOption);
}
RuntimeOptions.set(opt.substring(2 /* drop the -X */), null);
}
if (bootClasspathPrepend != null) {
builder.option("java.BootClasspathPrepend", bootClasspathPrepend);
}
if (bootClasspathAppend != null) {
builder.option("java.BootClasspathAppend", bootClasspathAppend);
}
if (classpath != null) {
builder.option("java.Classpath", classpath);
}
for (int i = 0; i < jvmArgs.size(); i++) {
builder.option("java.VMArguments." + i, jvmArgs.get(i));
}
handler.argumentProcessingDone();
return JNIErrors.JNI_OK();
}
private static String maybeAdjustMaxHeapSize(String optionString) {
// (Jun 2024) Espresso uses more memory than HotSpot does, so if the user has set a very
// small heap size that would work on HotSpot then we have to bump it up. 64mb is too small
// to run Gradle's wrapper program which is required to use Espresso with Gradle, so, we
// go to the next power of two beyond that. This number can be reduced in future when
// memory efficiency is better.
if (!optionString.startsWith("-Xmx")) {
return optionString;
}
long maxHeapSizeBytes = parseLong(optionString.substring(4));
final int floorMB = 128;
if (maxHeapSizeBytes < floorMB * 1024 * 1024) {
return "-Xmx" + floorMB + "m";
} else {
return optionString;
}
}
private static long parseLong(String v) {
String valueString = v.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
long scale = 1;
if (valueString.endsWith("k")) {
scale = 1024L;
} else if (valueString.endsWith("m")) {
scale = 1024L * 1024L;
} else if (valueString.endsWith("g")) {
scale = 1024L * 1024L * 1024L;
} else if (valueString.endsWith("t")) {
scale = 1024L * 1024L * 1024L * 1024L;
}
if (scale != 1) {
/* Remove trailing scale character. */
valueString = valueString.substring(0, valueString.length() - 1);
}
return Long.parseLong(valueString) * scale;
}
private static void buildJvmArg(List<String> jvmArgs, String optionString) {
for (String ignored : ignoredJvmArgs) {
if (optionString.startsWith(ignored)) {
return;
}
}
jvmArgs.add(optionString);
}
private static boolean isExperimentalFlag(String optionString) {
// return false for "--experimental-options=[garbage]
return optionString.equals("--experimental-options") ||
optionString.equals("--experimental-options=true") ||
optionString.equals("--experimental-options=false") ||
optionString.equals("-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions") ||
optionString.equals("-XX:-UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions");
}
private static boolean isXOption(String optionString) {
return optionString.startsWith("-Xms") || optionString.startsWith("-Xmx") || optionString.startsWith("-Xmn") || optionString.startsWith("-Xss");
}
private static String appendPath(String paths, String toAppend) {
if (paths != null && paths.length() != 0) {
return toAppend != null && toAppend.length() != 0 ? paths + File.pathSeparator + toAppend : paths;
} else {
return toAppend;
}
}
private static String prependPath(String toPrepend, String paths) {
if (paths != null && paths.length() != 0) {
return toPrepend != null && toPrepend.length() != 0 ? toPrepend + File.pathSeparator + paths : paths;
} else {
return toPrepend;
}
}
private static String[] splitEquals(String value) {
int eqIdx = value.indexOf('=');
String k;
String v;
if (eqIdx >= 0) {
k = value.substring(0, eqIdx);
v = value.substring(eqIdx + 1);
} else {
k = value;
v = "";
}
return new String[]{k, v};
}
public static class ArgumentException extends RuntimeException {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 5430103471994299046L;
private final boolean isExperimental;
ArgumentException(String message, boolean isExperimental) {
super(message);
this.isExperimental = isExperimental;
}
public boolean isExperimental() {
return isExperimental;
}
@Override
public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
return this;
}
}
public static ArgumentException abort(String message) {
throw new Arguments.ArgumentException(message, false);
}
public static ArgumentException abortExperimental(String message) {
throw new Arguments.ArgumentException(message, true);
}
public static void warn(String message) {
STDERR.println(message);
}
}
``` |
Tschaikovsky Suite No. 3 is a ballet made by New York City Ballet co-founder and founding choreographer George Balanchine to Tschaikovsky's Suite No. 3 for Orchestra in G major, Op. 55 (1884). The premiere took place on 3 December 1970 at the New York State Theater, Lincoln Center, with scenery and costumes by Nicolas Benois.
Theme and Variations
Balanchine set the final movement of Tschaikovsky's third orchestra suite in 1947 for Ballet Theatre under the title Theme and Variations. He incorporated this choreography substantially unchanged into Tschaikovsky Suite No. 3 as the fourth–and final–movement, which is sometimes called Tema con variazioni, when he set the entire suite.
Original cast
Karin von Aroldingen
Kay Mazzo
Marnee Morris
Gelsey Kirkland
Anthony Blum
Conrad Ludlow
John Clifford
Edward Villella
External links
Tschaikovsky Suite No. 3 on the Balanchine Trust website
1970 ballet premieres
Ballets by George Balanchine
Ballets designed by Nicolas Benois
Suite No. 3, Tschaikovsky
New York City Ballet repertory |
Hampton Land District is a land district (cadastral division) of Western Australia, located within the Eastern Land Division in the Goldfields region of the state.
Location and features
The district is located in the central Goldfields region, and contains the following towns or former towns:
Kalgoorlie–Boulder:
Brown Hill †
Hannans
Ivanhoe †
Lakewood †
Parkeston
Somerville
Trafalgar †
Balagundi †
Bardoc †
Black Flag †
Boorara †
Broad Arrow †
Bulong †
Feysville †
Gindalbie †
Golden Ridge †
Gordon †
Gudarra †
Kanowna †
Kurnalpi †
Mulgarrie †
Ora Banda
Paddington †
Windanya †
† — former or ghost town.
History
The district was created on 4 October 1899, and was amended on 12 December 1900. It was described in the Government Gazette thus:
References
Land districts of Western Australia
Goldfields-Esperance |
WPFG is a Christian radio station licensed to Carlisle, Pennsylvania, broadcasting on 91.3 MHz FM. The station serves the Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical area and is owned by Cumberland Valley Christian Radio.
WPFG's programming includes Christian talk and teaching shows such as Grace to You with John MacArthur, Revive our Hearts with Nancy Leigh DeMoss, Truth for Life with Alistair Begg, Renewing Your Mind with R.C. Sproul, and Answers in Genesis with Ken Ham.
References
External links
PFG |
Martyringa is a genus of moths of the family Lecithoceridae.
Species
Martyringa hoenei Lvovsky, 2010
Martyringa latipennis (Walsingham, 1882)
Martyringa ussuriella Lvovsky, 1979
Martyringa xeraula (Meyrick, 1910)
References
Lecithoceridae |
Roberto Conrado Kelly (born October 1, 1964) is a Panamanian baseball manager and former professional baseball outfielder in Major League Baseball. He was signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1982 and went on to play for them (1987–1992 and 2000), the Cincinnati Reds (1993–1994), Atlanta Braves (1994), Montreal Expos (1995), Los Angeles Dodgers (1995), Minnesota Twins (1996–1997), Seattle Mariners (1997) and Texas Rangers (1998–1999). During his playing days in Panama, he was known as La Sombra, Spanish for Shadow. After his playing career, he managed the Giants' single-A team, the Augusta GreenJackets and later became a coach for the Giants major league team. He is currently the manager of the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League.
Playing career
Kelly made his MLB debut with the New York Yankees in 1987. He broke up Toronto Blue Jays pitcher Dave Stieb's perfect game at SkyDome in 1989 with a two-out double in the ninth inning. He was named to the 1992 American League All-Star team.
After the 1992 season, the Yankees traded Kelly to the Cincinnati Reds for Paul O'Neill. With the Reds, Kelly made the 1993 National League All-Star team. On May 29, 1994, the Reds traded Kelly to the Atlanta Braves for Deion Sanders.
The Braves traded Kelly along with Tony Tarasco and Esteban Yan to the Montreal Expos for Marquis Grissom on April 6, 1995. The following month, the Expos traded Kelly and Joey Eischen to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Henry Rodríguez and Jeff Treadway. A free agent after the season, Kelly signed with the Minnesota Twins for the 1996 season.
In 14 seasons, he played in 1,337 games and had 4,797 at bats, 687 runs, 1,390 hits, 241 doubles, 30 triples, 124 home runs, 585 RBI, 235 stolen bases, 317 walks, a .290 batting average, a .337 on-base percentage and a .430 slugging percentage. Defensively, he recorded a .985 fielding percentage as an outfielder.
Kelly was a member of four playoff teams in his career, having helped the Dodgers win the 1995 NL West Division, the Mariners win the 1997 AL West, and the Rangers win the 1998 and 1999 AL Western Division. (Kelly played ten games for the 2000 American League East-winning New York Yankees, but played his final game on April 18, long before the playoffs.)
Coaching career
On November 16, 2007, Kelly was hired as the San Francisco Giants' new first base coach and hitting instructor. As a manager of the Augusta GreenJackets, he gained a reputation for his aggressive approach to baserunning. In February 2008, he told Giants pitchers that he didn't want them to use the fact that they were pitchers as an excuse for poor baserunning.
On January 17, 2018, Kelly was announced as the new manager for the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican Baseball League for the next 3 seasons.
Personal life
Kelly is married to Blanca Gonzalez Kelly, sister of Juan González, and has seven sons, named Roberto Jr., Roberto Bryan, Xavier, Ryan, Johaun, Jacques and Jadrien. He also has three daughters named Charlene, Rhianna and Bianca.
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
Albany-Colonie Yankees players
American League All-Stars
Atlanta Braves players
Cincinnati Reds players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Columbus Clippers players
Diablos Rojos del México players
Fort Lauderdale Yankees players
Fort Myers Miracle players
Greensboro Hornets players
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball players from Panama
Mexican League baseball managers
Mexican League baseball outfielders
Minnesota Twins players
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos players
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees players
Oneonta Yankees players
Panamanian expatriate baseball players in Canada
Panamanian expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Panamanian expatriate baseball players in the United States
San Francisco Giants coaches
Seattle Mariners players
Baseball players from Panama City
Texas Rangers players |
```java
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.flowable.variable.service.event.impl;
import org.flowable.common.engine.api.delegate.event.FlowableEngineEventType;
import org.flowable.common.engine.api.delegate.event.FlowableEntityEvent;
import org.flowable.common.engine.api.delegate.event.FlowableEvent;
import org.flowable.common.engine.impl.event.FlowableEntityEventImpl;
import org.flowable.variable.api.event.FlowableVariableEvent;
import org.flowable.variable.api.persistence.entity.VariableInstance;
import org.flowable.variable.api.types.VariableType;
/**
* Builder class used to create {@link FlowableEvent} implementations.
*
* @author Frederik Heremans
*/
public class FlowableVariableEventBuilder {
/**
* @param type
* type of event
* @param entity
* the entity this event targets
* @return an {@link FlowableEntityEvent}. In case an ExecutionContext is active, the execution related event fields will be populated. If not, execution details will be retrieved from the
* {@link Object} if possible.
*/
public static FlowableEntityEvent createEntityEvent(FlowableEngineEventType type, Object entity) {
FlowableEntityEventImpl newEvent = new FlowableEntityEventImpl(entity, type);
return newEvent;
}
public static FlowableVariableEvent createVariableEvent(FlowableEngineEventType type, VariableInstance variableInstance, Object variableValue,
VariableType variableType) {
FlowableVariableEventImpl newEvent = new FlowableVariableEventImpl(type);
newEvent.setVariableName(variableInstance.getName());
newEvent.setVariableValue(variableValue);
newEvent.setVariableType(variableType);
newEvent.setTaskId(variableInstance.getTaskId());
newEvent.setVariableInstanceId(variableInstance.getId());
if (variableInstance.getScopeType() == null) {
newEvent.setExecutionId(variableInstance.getExecutionId());
newEvent.setProcessInstanceId(variableInstance.getProcessInstanceId());
newEvent.setProcessDefinitionId(variableInstance.getProcessDefinitionId());
newEvent.setExecutionId(variableInstance.getExecutionId());
} else {
newEvent.setScopeType(variableInstance.getScopeType());
newEvent.setScopeId(variableInstance.getScopeId());
newEvent.setSubScopeId(variableInstance.getSubScopeId());
}
return newEvent;
}
}
``` |
```css
Importer
Sass Operators
Using SassScripts Interactive Shell
SassScript Map and List Functions
SassScript String Operations
``` |
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Kaneyoshi Izumi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Betsucomi magazine from August 2006 to February 2010 and collected into eight volumes. A television drama adaptation aired on TV Tokyo from October to December 2020.
Media
Manga
Written and illustrated by Kaneyoshi Izumi, the series began serialization in Shogakukan's Betsucomi magazine on August 11, 2006. It completed serialization on February 13, 2010. Its individual chapters were collected into eight volumes, released from January 26, 2007, to May 26, 2010. An epilogue chapter was released in Betsucomi in July 2020.
Viz Media published the series in English.
Stage play
A stage play adaptation was performed at the Hakuhinkan Theater in Ginza from August 5–10, 2010. It starred Momosuke Mizutani and Ryutora Isogai, with Plus performing its main theme.
TV drama
A television drama adaptation was announced in March 2020. It was directed by Shunsuke Kariyama, Mitsushi Okamoto, and Masataka Hayashi, with Naomi Hiruta writing the scripts and the members of Naniwa Danshi performing the lead roles. It was originally set to premiere in July 2020, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Naniwa Danshi also performed its main theme, "Aoharu: With U with Me". The series aired from October 8 to December 24, 2020, on TV Tokyo's Dramaholic! programming block.
Reception
Zack Davisson of Manga Life praised the humor and artwork. He also felt the series "offeres up fan service for both guy and girl fans". Karen Maeda of Sequential Tart praised the artwork and characters, describing the former as "fun" and noting it was easy to follow. Lissa Pattillo of Anime News Network felt the manga had some good comedic moments and praised the Viz Media translation, though Pattillo also felt the art was generic and criticized the episodic storytelling.
Notes
References
External links
Japanese television dramas based on manga
Romantic comedy anime and manga
School life in anime and manga
Shogakukan manga
Shōjo manga
TV Tokyo original programming
Viz Media manga |
CQD (transmitted in Morse code as ) is one of the first distress signals adopted for radio use. On 7 January 1904 the Marconi International Marine Communication Company issued "Circular 57", which specified that, for the company's installations, beginning 1 February 1904 "the call to be given by ships in distress or in any way requiring assistance shall be 'C Q D' ".
Background
Landline and submarine telegraphers telegraphs had adopted the convention of using the station code "CQ" to all stations along a telegraph line. As the first wireless operators were taken from the already trained landline telegraphers, the current practices carried forward and CQ had then been adopted in maritime radiotelegraphy as a "general call" to any ship or land station.
The Marconi company added a "D" ("distress") to CQ in order to create a distress call. Thus, "CQD" was understood by wireless operators to mean All stations: Distress. Although used worldwide by Marconi operators, CQD was never adopted as an international standard, since it can easily be mistaken for a mere general call "CQ" when reception is poor.
CQD supplanted by SOS
At the first International Radiotelegraphic Convention, held in Berlin in 1906, Germany's distress signal of three-dots three-dashes three-dots () was adopted as the international Morse code distress signal.
This distress signal soon became known as "SOS" because it has the same dash-dot sequence as the letters S O S with the gaps between the letters removed, and in fact is properly written , with an overbar, to distinguish it from the three individual letters. In contrast, CQD is transmitted as three distinct letters with a short gap between each, like regular text. The SOS distress code is also easier to hear as it is nine symbols long, while no other character or sign is longer than six symbols. Germany had first adopted this distress signal in regulations effective 1 April 1905.
History of wireless distress rescues
From 1899 to 1908, nine documented rescues were made by the use of wireless. The earliest of these was a distress call from the East Goodwin lightship. However, for the earliest of these, there was no standardized distress signal. The first US ship to send a wireless distress call in 1905 simply sent HELP (in both International Morse and American Morse code).
On 7 December 1903, Ludwig Arnson was a wireless operator aboard the liner when the ship lost a propeller off the Irish coast. His call of CQD brought aid from a British cruiser. In 1944 Arnson received the Marconi Memorial Medal of Achievement in recognition of his sending the first wireless distress signal. By February 1904, the Marconi Wireless Company required all its operators to use CQD for a ship in distress or for requiring URGENT assistance. In the early morning of 23 January 1909, whilst sailing into New York from Liverpool, collided with the Italian liner SS Florida in fog off the Massachusetts island of Nantucket. Radio Operator Jack Binns sent the CQD distress signal by wireless transmission.
On 15 April 1912, radio operator Jack Phillips initially sent "CQD", which was still commonly used by British ships. Harold Bride, the junior radio operator, suggested using , saying half-jokingly that it might be his last chance to use the new code. Phillips thereafter began to alternate between the two. Although Bride survived, Phillips perished in the sinking.
See also
500 kHz (Morse distress frequency)
2182 kHz (voice distress frequency)
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
Mayday
Prosigns for Morse code
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
Telecommunications-related introductions in 1904
Amateur radio history
Emergency communication
History of telecommunications
Morse code
Rescue |
XVIII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (Territorial Force) was a Royal Horse Artillery brigade of the Territorial Force that was formed by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in July 1917 for the ANZAC Mounted Division. It served with the division thereafter in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and was broken up after the end of World War I.
History
Background
The ANZAC Mounted Division was formed in Egypt in March 1916 with four cavalry brigades. Four British Territorial Force horse artillery batteries were assigned to the division to provide artillery support (one per brigade). These were controlled by two Royal Horse Artillery brigade headquarters: III Brigade, RHA (T.F.) and IV Brigade, RHA (T.F.). The ANZAC Mounted Division served with the Desert Column in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign from the Battle of Magdhaba (23 December 1916) through to the Second Battle of Gaza (1719 April 1917).
In June 1917, the Desert Column was reorganised from two mounted divisions of four brigades each (ANZAC and Imperial Mounted Divisions) to three mounted divisions of three brigades each (ANZAC, AustralianImperial Mounted Division renamedand the new Yeomanry Mounted Division). Consequently, the British 22nd Mounted Brigade was transferred from the ANZAC to the Yeomanry Mounted Division on 6 July 1917. With a reduction to three brigades, there was a corresponding reduction in the artillery to three batteries. The Leicestershire Battery, RHA (T.F.) departed on 20 June to join XX Brigade, RHA (T.F.) in the Yeomanry Mounted Division.
Formation
In July 1917, the artillery of the ANZAC Mounted Division was reorganized. The existing III and IV Brigade HQs were dissolved and XVIII Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery (Territorial Force) was formed for the division with
Ayrshire Battery, RHA (T.F.) from IV Brigade
Inverness-shire Battery, RHA (T.F.) also from IV Brigade
Somerset Battery, RHA (T.F.) from III Brigade
In practice, the batteries were permanently attached to the mounted brigades: Somerset RHA to the 1st Light Horse Brigade, Inverness-shire RHA to the 2nd Light Horse Brigade and Ayrshire RHA to the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade.
The batteries had each been re-equipped with four 18 pounders before the First Battle of Gaza in March 1917. They were still equipped with 18 pounders when the brigade was organised but were re-equipped with 13 pounders (four per battery) in time for the Third Battle of Gaza at the end of October 1917.
Service
The brigade, and its batteries, served with the ANZAC Mounted Division throughout the rest of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. As part of the Desert Mounted Corps, the division took part in the Third Battle of Gaza, in particular the Capture of Beersheba (31 October) and the Battle of Mughar Ridge (13 and 14 November), and the defence of Jerusalem against the Turkish counter-attacks (27 November3 December).
At the beginning of 1918, the division was attached to XX Corps and helped to capture Jericho (1921 February) and then formed part of Shea's Force for the First Trans-Jordan Raid (21 March2 April). It returned to the Desert Mounted Corps for the Second Trans-Jordan Raid (30 April4 May), the Battle of Abu Tellul (14 July) and the capture of Amman (25 September).
Dissolved
After the Armistice of Mudros, the division was withdrawn to Egypt. The Australian brigades departed for home in March and April 1919 and the New Zealanders by the end of July. The brigade was broken up some time after April 1919.
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
The Royal Horse Artillery on The Long, Long Trail
The Great War Royal Horse Artillery
Royal Horse Artillery brigades
Artillery units and formations of World War I
Military units and formations established in 1917
Military units and formations disestablished in 1919 |
Note 2 may refer to several smartphones:
Meizu M2 Note
Samsung Galaxy Note II
Xiaomi Mi Note 2
Xiaomi Redmi Note 2 |
Revolutionary War(s) may refer to:
American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the armed conflict between Great Britain and 13 of its North American colonies, which had declared themselves the independent United States of America
French Revolutionary Wars, a series of military conflicts (1792–1802) resulting from the French Revolution
Peninsular War, a Spanish revolutionary war
Texas Revolution
Philippine Revolution
Russian Civil War, a war between the Soviet Red Army and the White movement and its allies
Irish War of Independence, a guerrilla war between the Irish Republican Army and British security forces
People's war, a military-political strategy developed by Mao Zedong
Indonesian National Revolution
Cuban Revolution, an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement against President Fulgencio Batista
Other types of conflicts that can be called "revolutionary wars" include:
Liberation war, a conflict primarily intended to bring freedom or independence to a nation or group
War of independence, a conflict occurring over a territory that has declared independence
War of national liberation, conflicts fought by nationalities to gain independence
Rebellion, a refusal of obedience or order
See also
List of revolutions and rebellions
List of wars of independence
Restoration War (disambiguation)
Revolution (disambiguation)
Revolutions (disambiguation)
War (disambiguation) |
```javascript
/*
* bootstrap-table - v1.12.1 - 2018-03-12
* path_to_url
*/
!function(a){"use strict";var b=function(b,c){function d(b,f){if(Object(b)!==b)e[f]=b;else if(a.isArray(b))for(var g=0,h=b.length;h>g;g++)d(b[g],f?f+c.options.flatSeparator+g:""+g),0==h&&(e[f]=[]);else{var i=!0;for(var j in b)i=!1,d(b[j],f?f+c.options.flatSeparator+j:j);i&&(e[f]={})}}var e={};return d(b,""),e},c=function(c,d){var e=[];return a.each(a.isArray(c)?c:[c],function(a,c){e.push(b(c,d))}),e};a.extend(a.fn.bootstrapTable.defaults,{flat:!1,flatSeparator:"."});var d=a.fn.bootstrapTable.Constructor,e=d.prototype.initData;d.prototype.initData=function(a,b){this.options.flat&&(a=c(a?a:this.options.data,this)),e.apply(this,[a,b])}}(jQuery);
``` |
Raja Kanchumarthi Ramachandra Rao was a zamindar of Dharmavaram. He is notable for the development of Rajahmundry. He was the son of Kanchumarthi Narasayya Naidu.
Personal life
Kanchumarthi Venkata Seetha Ramachandra Rao is the adopted son of Kanchumarthi Narasayya Nadiu from his wife's brother. Kanchumarthi Venkata Seetha Ramachandra Rao comes from a respectable Telaga family of Rajahmundry. When his adoptive father died in his very young age his estate was managed by his uncle Raja Vogeti Ramakrishnayya Naidu. He was assumed to take back his property in year 1890. He was the childhood friend of Tanguturi Prakasam. He was also one of the first trustee board member of Rajahmundry town hall started by Kandukuri Veeresalingam.
Political life
Even from the childhood Ramachandra Rao was very interested in politics and starting businesses. His uncle Vogeti Ramakrishnayya Naidu at that time used to have 16 businesses. By seeing him Ramachandra Rao, even though being the average student attracted towards industry culture and later he had spent some amount on it. He was elected to Rajahmundry municipal council for two terms. Later he entered in Justice party. He was said to be the legacy carrier of Vogeti Ramakrishnayya Naidu who played important role in politics. He is also the trustee for Korukonda Devasthanam and also a nominee for Diwan Bahadur.
Social works
He donated a lot for social works. He was one of the main reason for the development of Gowthami Grandhalayam. He also participated in the Freedom struggle. He is also the main person in the tour of Bipin Chandra Pal trip to India. He constructed and women empowerment building in 1921 to honour his daughter Babayamma (one of the first women to complete matriculation in Rajahmundry).
Death
He died in the year 1926.
Hierarchy
He had three sons; Kanchumarthi Parthasaradhi, Kanchumarthi Venakata Sita Ramarao, Kanchumarthi Venkata Subbarao (vaachi).
History
The ancestors of them were the senathipathis and samantharajas of the Vijayanagar dynasty. They never wanted a zamindari till 1784 when nuzvid zamindar Meka apparao naidu lost his zamindari in Rajahmundry. Later in 1794 it was changed to collectorate when Vogeti Apparao Naidu was given other estates to rule. Their zamindari was considered to be one of the oldest Zamindaris in Madras Presidency.
these meraka veedhi telagas have prominent role in history and politics.
Meraka Veedhi Telaga
Meraka Veedhi Telagas, once known as Chandragiri Balijas, are a sect of 20+ surnames who once served as Senathipathis and Samantharajas of Vijayanagara Empire who migrated to Rajahmundry after the downfall of Rama Raya of Vijayanagara and refused to rule their kingdoms under the Mughals. In 1565, they migrated to Chandragiri and later served in the Maratha armies. Finally they reached Rajahmundry and settled in Merakaveedhi. They served the Nawab of Rajahmundry and later served the highest native ranks in British Company Army. Later many of them became feudal landlords, Zamindars, MLAs, and MLCs. Important people from these families include Vogeti Ramakrishnayya Naidu, Pothula Veerabhadra rao, Kandula Veera Raghava Swamy Naidu, Muthangi Jaggarao, Raja Vogeti Venkata Gopala Rama Krishnam Raju. The surnames of these families include Kanchumarthi, Vogeti, Bayapuneedi, Kandula, Muthangi, Narra, Yerra, Ramineedi, Mondreti. Even now you can find swords and weapons used in 15th century are available in their houses.
See also
Tanguturi Prakasam
References
1870 births
1926 deaths
People from Rajahmundry
People from British India |
Clay Pirkle is an American politician from Georgia. Pirkle is a Republican member of Georgia House of Representatives from District 155, representing all of Ben Hill, Irwin, and Turner counties, and portions of Tift and Coffee counties.
Personal life and education
Clay was raised on the family farm in Sycamore, Georgia, which has the slogan, “Christianity Is Our Business, We Farm To Pay Expenses.” Clay continues to work as a farmer on the family farm.
Clay Pirkle graduated from Georgia Institute of Technology with a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics in 1989 and from the University of Georgia with a Masters of Business Administration in Accounting and Finance in 1990.
Clay is married to his wife Sharron and together they live in Sycamore, Georgia. They have three children, Andrew, DeAnna, and Nathan.
Clay Pirkle is a member of Bethel Baptist Church, where he also serves as Deacon and Treasurer. Clay also serves as a Director for the Scott Dawson Evangelistic Association based in Birmingham, AL.
Career
Clay has held positions as an Economist with the US Government, a Commercial Banker at a local bank, and an Economics Instructor at Darton State College.
Pirkle was elected into the Georgia State House of Representative in July 2015 and was sworn in on August 21, 2015. Representative Pirkle is a member of the following standing House Committees:
Agriculture & Consumer Affairs
Science & Technology
State Properties.
References
External links
|-
Republican Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives
Living people
1967 births
21st-century American politicians |
Francis (Frank) Tidswell (1867 – 26 February 1941) was an Australian physician who served as the Director of the Government Bureau of Microbiology, New South Wales from 1908 until 1913. In this role he has been noted as "a pathologist of distinction who never sublimated his personality to his public service role." From 1925, until his death in 1941, Tidswell was the Director of Pathology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in Sydney. In an obituary, The Medical Journal of Australia wrote of him as an "extremely clear thinker, young in mind and receptive of new ideas. In his gentleness of manner, and quiet courtesy, the [children's] hospital has lost a most valued specialist." Tidswell is considered one of Australia's pioneering microbiologists.
Birth and education
Tidswell was born in Sydney, the fifth of nine children born to Frederick Squire Tidswell (1831–1898) and his wife Mary Ann (1836–1912). The fourth child, Francis Thomas Tidswell (1864–1866) had died the year before his birth and the sixth child was the architect Thomas Tidswell (1870–1950). He was raised in rural NSW until the age of 13 when his family moved to Sydney. Fred Tidswell owned the Coogee Bay Hotel and bought Nugal Hall the Mortimer Lewis designed home in Milford Street Randwick and members of the family lived there until 1903. Tidswell attended Newington College (1881–1884) and then went up to the University of Sydney graduating as a Bachelor of Medicine and Chemistry in 1892. He then studied at University College, London, and was awarded a D.P.H., by the University of Cambridge in 1893.
Early medical career
Upon graduation, Tidswell occupied a position in the New South Wales Department of Health and then in 1897 was appointed as Demonstrator of Physiology at the University of Sydney and so at a young age he was a principal teacher in a medical subject before the establishment of a chair.
Research
In 1898, Tidswell carried out extensive research on snake venom. He also experimented on the immunisation of horses with tiger snake venom by gradually increasing the quantity of venom injected into the animal until it was capable of withstanding what would at first have been sufficient to kill it. He then set out to determine the quantity of the serum, which he had obtained from the immunised horse, that was required to neutralise this venom – that is, to destroy its effect upon the animal into which he had injected it. Tidswell found that not only did his anti-venene give a high degree of protection against the venom of the tiger snake, but also that the protective effect could be obtained even many hours after the venom had been at work. This is characteristic of the modern anti-venene, that it produces dramatic, almost miraculous, effects upon patients who may have been bitten many hours before the anti-venene can be administered, and who may already have collapsed and be beyond all hope of recovery by any other treatment.
Board of Health
John Ashburton Thompson, as Chief Medical Officer in NSW, appointed Tidswell as Bacteriologist to the fledgling public health department. Thompson, Tidswell and William George Armstrong went on to produce important research on plague and are credited with developing 20th century scientific understandings of plague, in particular that Yersinia pestis is spread to humans by fleas from infected rats. Their work was a large part of a revolution of social medicine in Australia. The knowledge that infectious diseases could be spread from one human to another by insects and that infection could be derived from animals, brought public health into scientific scrutiny. The outbreak also led to further improvements being made to the North Head Quarantine Station as the value of segregating infected patients from the populace had been realised. As Principal Assistant Medical Officer, Tidswell also filled the role of Microbiologist from 1 January 1898 until 1 July 1908 when the Bureau of Microbiology was established.
Pathologist
With the creation of the Ministry of Health in 1913, Tidswell resigned and entered private practice. In 1925 he was appointed Director of Pathology at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. The hospital's centenary history states: "As a boy Tidswell had been brought up in the country and taught to respect people for their work rather than their rank. At the Hospital he had a loyal staff who regarded him with the greatest respect and affection. He firmly held that on the job rank was necessary but out of the hospital it did not matter and he would raise his hat courteously to the lowliest employee." In the later years of his career he worked a three-day week dividing his time between Sydney and the Southern Highlands.
Marriage and family life
In 1902, Tidswell married Edith Millie Jones, the third daughter of The Hon. Richard Jones MLC, of Gayton Burwood. The wedding ceremony was performed at St. Paul's Anglican Church Burwood, followed by a reception at the Jones family home on Burwood Road. The marriage produced one daughter, Marjorie Squire Tidswell (1904–1992). The couple built a home, Deloraine, on the northern tip of Point Piper in 1903 to a design by Tidswell’s brother the architect Thomas. Tidswell's knowledge of trees, flowers and soils led to him being a keen gardener. While the house still stands at 132 Wolseley Road, it has been substantially altered and is now known as Cordoba having been redesigned in a Spanish Revival style by the architects Esplin & Mould. The beautifully landscaped garden has been subdivided leading to the erection of a newer house on the water front at 132A. From the 1930s, the Tidswells lived at their historic 1860s farmhouse, Farnborough on the Illawarra Highway just out of Moss Vale, where they developed another important garden and bred draught horses. The garden is now opened to the public by its current owners. Tidswell was a man of considerable private and professional means and was an early motoring enthusiast. In 1912 he purchased a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost that was fitted with a high-sided Torpedo Phaeton body by coachbuilder Barker. The car was used sparingly by Tidswell but after new owner's and a period of dereliction it has been restored and when offered at auction in England in 2003 it was estimated to be worth between £180,000 and £220,000.
References
1867 births
1941 deaths
Australian public health doctors
People educated at Newington College
Sydney Medical School alumni
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Australian pathologists |
Dora's Dunking Doughnuts is a 1933 American short subject directed by Harry Edwards.
Plot summary
Teacher Andy is fixated on both Dora who runs a bakery and her doughnuts that he has every morning on his way to teach school. He proposes using the musical talent of his students to perform on a radio show to advertise the bakery. Once on the air bickering mothers of the students fight and brawl with the manager leading listeners to believe the show is a comedy.
Cast
Andy Clyde as Andy
Ethel Sykes as Dora
Shirley Temple as Shirley
Bud Jamison as Radio station manager
Fern Emmett as Woman at radio station
Florence Gill as Singer on radio program
External links
1933 films
1933 comedy films
Educational Pictures short films
American black-and-white films
American comedy short films
Films directed by Harry Edwards (director)
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
1933 short films |
```makefile
################################################################################
#
# ti-utils
#
################################################################################
TI_UTILS_VERSION = 06dbdb2727354b5f3ad7c723897f40051fddee49
TI_UTILS_SITE = $(call github,gxk,ti-utils,$(TI_UTILS_VERSION))
TI_UTILS_DEPENDENCIES = libnl
TI_UTILS_LICENSE = BSD-3c
TI_UTILS_LICENSE_FILES = COPYING
define TI_UTILS_BUILD_CMDS
$(MAKE1) NFSROOT="$(STAGING_DIR)" \
CC="$(TARGET_CC) $(TARGET_CFLAGS) $(TARGET_LDFLAGS) -I$(STAGING_DIR)/usr/include/libnl3" \
LIBS="-lnl-3 -lnl-genl-3 -lpthread -lm" -C $(@D) all
endef
define TI_UTILS_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS
$(INSTALL) -m 0755 -D $(@D)/calibrator \
$(TARGET_DIR)/usr/bin/calibrator
$(INSTALL) -m 0755 -D $(@D)/scripts/go.sh \
$(TARGET_DIR)/usr/share/ti-utils/scripts/go.sh
cp -r $(@D)/ini_files $(TARGET_DIR)/usr/share/ti-utils
endef
$(eval $(generic-package))
``` |
Fletcher Moss Garden is in Didsbury, Manchester, England, between the River Mersey and Stenner Woods.
The park is named after Alderman Fletcher Moss, who donated the park to the city of Manchester in 1915. It is part garden and part wildlife habitat, but also offers recreational facilities such as tennis courts, rugby and football pitches, and a family-run café and ice cream parlour.
History
The main part of the gardens is a walled rock garden that was laid out by the botanist Robert Wood Williamson on a south-facing slope. Williamson sold the gardens and rockery along with his house, called The Croft, to Alderman Fletcher Moss, in 1912.
Fletcher Moss, born in July 1843, was a philanthropist who led many public works in Manchester; in 1915 he persuaded the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie to fund the construction of a public library in Didsbury. He lived in the Old Parsonage by St James's Church, Stenner Lane, having taken over residence from the vicar, a Rev. W. J. Kidd, who left the property complaining it was haunted. In 1919 he gave the gardens to the people of Manchester, declaring he had "determined to offer all that part of my property extending from the Fletcher Moss Playing Fields to Stenner Lane, to the corporation if I could retain the use of it for my life".
Robert Williamson's old house, the Croft, was the location of the first meeting of the organisation later to become known as the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). In 1889, Emily Williamson née Bateson (Robert's wife) formed a group called the "Plumage League" to protest against the breeding of birds for plumage to be used in women's hats, a highly fashionable practice at the time. The group gained popularity and eventually amalgamated with "The Fur, Fin and Feather Folk" in Croydon, and formed the RSPB. A statue of Emily Williamson has been commissioned from Eve Shepherd and is planned to be installed in the park in 2023.
Layout
The main rock gardens are laid out on a south-facing slope and are sheltered from the elements, allowing a great number of non-hardy species to thrive in a micro-climate. Small waterfalls run down the rock gardens into a pond which is surrounded by royal ferns, marsh marigolds, skunk cabbage, Gunnera ("giant rhubarb") and irises. The gardens contain a wide range of ornamental trees and shrubs, including Chusan palms, tulip trees, mulberry, dawn redwood, swamp cypress, Chinese dogwood, Adam's laburnum, common walnut, Oxydendrum arboreum, and various dwarf conifers.
To the west of the rock gardens, the gardens of the Old Parsonage lie on the other side of Stenner Lane. The entrance to the garden is marked by a striking neo-Norman stone arched gate which is topped with a sculpture of an eagle; this was originally a feature on the Spread Eagle Hotel on Corporation Street, Manchester, of which Fletcher Moss was proprietor. When the hotel was demolished in 1902, Moss took the eagle effigy and mounted it on his gate. The Parsonage gardens contain several large yew and cedar of Lebanon trees; beneath one of the yew trees are the graves of several of Alderman Moss's beloved dogs and – reputedly – also the grave of his favourite horse. The Old Parsonage house was open to the public during the 1970s as an art gallery devoted to Manchester art, and the orchid houses were also a visitor attraction; both were closed during the 1980s but after a spirited local campaign the Parsonage opened up in 2012 as a community centre and gallery where there is now a programme of classes, events and exhibitions. The orchid house originally housed a collection of orchids donated by Major Raffles, a resident of Didsbury, but when the heating system broke down there was no funding to replace it and so these plants were moved to Wythenshawe Park. The building which housed the orchids is now an Alpine House – fittingly since there used to be Alpines in the gardens. The gardens are now maintained and cultivated by the Friends of Fletcher Moss Park and Parsonage Gardens, a group of local volunteers.
To the south and west there are water meadows, partially flooded woodland (Stenner Woods) in a former oxbow of the River Mersey and Millgate Fields, a slightly elevated area of fields and woodland in a loop of the River Mersey, surrounding two fields used to graze livestock. This is one of the venues for parkrun UK.
Awards
Fletcher Moss has held the Green Flag Award, the national standard for parks and green spaces in England, since 2000.
Location
Fletcher Moss Gardens are located close to the River Mersey and Stenner Woods, at the southern end of Wilmslow Road where the road curves sharply east at the Old Cock Inn, near Parrs Wood. The Gardens can be easily reached by public transport as it lies on the Wilmslow Road bus corridor and is close to East Didsbury railway station.
Musical links
In October 2012 the Manchester-based jazz musician Matthew Halsall released his fourth album called Fletcher Moss Park on the Gondwana Records label to critical acclaim.
Notes
References
External links
Parks and commons in Manchester
Botanical gardens in England
Tourist attractions in Manchester
Gardens in Greater Manchester
Didsbury |
Asha Kasliwal is a British physician and past President of the Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (FSRH).
Education
Asha Kasliwal immigrated to the UK in 1995 after studying in Mumbai and working in Oman. After graduation, she was a member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) trainees committee as a representative of overseas doctors.
Kasliwal's main areas of academic and medical focus are care and clinical standards quality, gynaecology within communities, hormone replacement therapy for women undergoing menopause, pregnancy and abortion, and the commissioning of accessible contraceptive and sexual health resources.
Kasliwal was inspired to pursue medicine by Anandibai Gopal Joshi, one of the earliest known Indian women physicians.
Career
Other titles that Kasliwal has are: Consultant in Community Gynaecology and Reproductive Health Care, Clinical Director for Manchester's Contraception and Sexual Health service, and Clinical Director for the South Manchester Community Gynaecology service. She is also a specialist member of the "Quality Standards for Contraceptive Services" committee within the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and has been featured in the Royal College of Physicians exhibition, Women in Medicine.
Before becoming the president of FSRH, Kasliwal was the Vice President of Quality and Standards in the FSRH from September 2014 to her election as president of the group, and the Clinical Director & Consultant in Community Gynaecology and Reproductive Health.
As President of FSRH
Succeeding Chris Wilkson's five year term, Kasliwal became the President of FSRH on 28 July 2016, after being elected to the position in May 2016.
Her priorities within this office included:
Continue FSRH's engagement with multiple organisations, such as the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH), RCGP, and RCOG
Continue to support Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (SRH) professionals and commissioners through providing quality standards of care and training
Expand the inclusivity of all FDRH committees, but particularly nurses and General Practitioners
FSRH promotion
Increase the accessibility, availability, and quality of reproductive and sexual healthcare
She was succeeded by Janet Barter in September, 2022.
References
External links
Asha Kasliwal's article "Scotland can be a global leader on sexual health" from The Times (London), 14 December 2017
Read Dr Asha Kasliwal's message from 24 Jan 2017 to FSRH members
Indian women medical doctors
Medical doctors from Mumbai
Reproductive rights activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Indian emigrants to the United Kingdom
British women medical doctors
Fellows of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists |
Henriette Melchiors Stiftelse is a historic building situated at the corner of Snaregade and Naboløs, overlooking the Gammel Strand canalfront, in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The building was constructed for the Jewish businessman Lion Israel after the previous building on the site had been destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. It was, from 1861, owned by his grandson Moses Melchior, who in his will converted it into a charity with affordable accommodation for widows of scientists and artists, named for his sister Henriette Melchior. The building was listed in the Danish registry of protected buildings and places in 1918.
History
Early history
The property was in 1689 as No. 17 in Strand Quarter owned by Gert Mejer, Jr. It was later owned by wine merchant () Andreas Klarup. On 20 December 1756, it was as No. 15 acquired by tailor Friedrich Uhl. On 18 January 1762, he sold it to merchant () Jens Krøjer. On 7 July 1765, it changed hands again when it was acquired by wigmaker Johannes Baltzer. The property was then the site of a half-timbered building fronting Snaregade, but pulled back from the street, as well as a gatehouse situated to the left of the main building. Christoffer Valkendorff's ejerbod from 1581 blocked the view of the canal.
The property was on 17 June 1776 acquired by porcelain merchant Cay Friderich Hammerich (1749-1816). Hammerich was at the time of the 1787 census residing in the building with his wife Cay Friderich Hammerich (1749-1816), their five children (aged 2–10), the nephew Johann Leonhart Stuhr (1774-) and a staff of four servants. The property was at this point also home to three more households. Christian Gottlieb Sneider (1743-), a secretary in the Politikammeret (Police Authority), resided in another apartment with his wife Bolette née Gram (1737-), their son Christian Friederich (1772-1825), the wife's niece Anne Hansdatter (1758-) and a maid. The two last households were each made up of a single person: the widow Anne Listnik? (1723-) and the widower Per Thommesen (1713-).
In 1795, upon selling his old property, Hammerich purchased another property at Vigantsgade No. 210 (now Ny Vestergade 8, now replaced by an extension of the National Museum).). His eldest son Johannes Hammerich would a few years later buy the property at what is now Nybrogade 10.
Lion Israel, 17931834
On 14 October 1793, Hammerich sold the property to the Jewish merchant () Lion Israel (1750-1834). He had in 1790 married (Gitte) Cantor (1759-1804?), daughter of Levin Jacob Cantor (-1764) and Gitle (Jitche) Levy (1721-1792), with whom he had the daughter Birgitte Jette (1792-1855) and the son Israel Lion Israel (1793-1848). The building was destroyed in the Copenhagen Fire of 1795. The buildings on the other side of Snaregade, including the Royal Pawn, opposite Israel's house, just escaped the flames.The family had to seek refuge in a wooden shed on Slotsholmen while a new building was constructed. Construction started in 1796 and the building was completed the following year. The new building contained a tea shop in the basement at the corner. The backyard contained a half-timbered lavatory,a hen house and a water pump. The value of the completed building was assessed by Philip Lange from the Royal Fire Insurance Company at 6,800 rigsdaler.
The building was at the time of the 1801 census home to three households. Lion Israel and his wife lived there with their two children and a couple of other family members. Arsenal manager Jørgen Lund (1744-1823) and his wife Birgitte Sophie von Bergen (1760-1838) resided in another apartment with their four children (aged 9–19) and a maid. The last of the three households consisted of butcher Løser Lazarus Speir (1772-) and his wife Bella Rottenburg (1779-) with their two children (aged 1–3), the widow Regina Speir (1735-) and her two sisters (1769-1845), and a maid.
The property was in the new cadastre of 1806 listed as No. 14. Galathea Israel had died in 1804. Lion Israel was on 18 December 1809 second time married to Lea Elisabeth Hermann (1790 - c. 1870), daughter of Elias Hermann and Lea Leiner. Their marriage did not result in any children.
Birgitte Jette was on 29 December 1807 married to the wealthy merchant () Gerson Moses Melchior (1771-1845). Melchior's father Moses Marcus Melchior (1736–1817) was the owner of the trading company Moses & Søn G. Melchior. Gerson Melchior was already the father of four children from his first marriage and they also had four children together. In 1810, Melchior bought a property on Amagertorv (No. 45. now Amagertorv 11)) where they lived from then on.
Israel Lion Israel, 18361848
Lion Israel willed his house at the corner of Naboløs and Snaregade to his son Israel Lion Israel with a share of 5/6 and his son-in-law (Gerson Melchior) with a share of 1/6. Israel Lion Israel remained unmarried. The building was at the time of the 1840 census home to a total of 16 people. Israel Lion Israel and Lea Israel occupied the first floor apartment with two maids. Betty (Bolette) Gedalia Lazarus (1786-1857), widow of broker Moses Jacob Lazarus (1777-1828), resided with their daughters Sara (1815-1901) and Frederikke (1817-1875) and two maids on the second floor. Carl Ferdinand Klagenberg (1792-), his wife Frederikke (1800-), their son Carl Frantz Albert (aged 8) and a maid occupied the ground floor apartment. The unmarried merchant () Jørgen Fahnøe (1804-), Jens Paul Fahnøe (1805-) and an apprentice resided in the basement.
Birgitte Jette Melchior, 18481855
Israel Lion Israel was at the time of his death in 1848 the sole owner of the property. He bequeathed it to his sister, Birgitte Jette, who had become a widow in 1845. She was now heading Moses Melchior & Søm G. Melchior in collaboration with her eldest son Moritz G. Melchior. She initially stayed in the house on Amagertorv for the first few years. She was at the time of the 1850 census living there with the three unmarried children Henriette, Marcus and Jacob.
The second floor apartment was at the time of the 1850 census empty due to an ongoing renovation of the building. Captain Frederik Regner Julius Schack (1812-1896) resided in the first floor apartment with his wife Charlotte Amalie Aagaard (1819-), their daughter Axeline Schack (1848-) and two maids..Peter Hansen (1800-), a master tailor, resided on the ground floor with his wife hans kone Anne Gjertrud Petersen (1796-), their youngest child Johannes Theodor Benjamin Hansen (1840-) and an apprentice. Jens Fanøe, a merchant (), resided in the basement with his wife Anne Cathrine (1825-), two children and a maid. It is not known where Lea Israel was living by then. In 1852, Birgitte Jette Melchior moved back to her childhood home at the corner of Naboløs and Snaregade.
Lea Israel moved back to the first floor apartment following Birgitte Jette Melchior's death in 1855. She was at the time of the 1855 census living there with the housemaid () Amalie (Malle) Salomon (1815-1880) and two maids. Danish Chancery secretary Rasmus Blichfeldt (1792-1867) and his wife Louise Frederikke Gersdoff Arntsen (1792-1891) were now residing on the second floor with their five children
(aged 1321) and a maid. The ground floor apartment was still occupied by master tailor Peter Hansen and his family. The unmarriedmerchants Martin Kühne Evart Fritz (1828-) and Georg Bi... (1827-) resided with a servant in the basement. The second floor apartment had by 1860 been taken over by Adolphine Caroline Margrethe Stenersen (1827-), widow of chamberlain and royal adjudant Axel Thorstensen (1812-1854), who lived there with their son Louis Christian Thorstensen and two maids.
Yje Vejerbod building in front of the building was demolished in 1857. The canalfront was from then on used for the Gammel Strand fish market and for flee markets.
Moses Melchior, 18611914
The building was from 1861 owned by Moses Melchior (1825-1912), a son of Gerson and Birgitte Jette Melchior, who had become a partner in the family's trading firm in an early age. He did not himself live in the building. He was unmarried and was at the time of the 1860 census residing with his elder sister Henriette (1815-1902) in an apartment on the second floor at Købmagergade 9. They spent the summers in the rented summer residence Teglgaarden north of Charlottenlund. They were in the family known as "Uncle Moses" and "Aunt Jette". They were like the rest of the Melchior family friends of the writer Hans Christian Andersen.
Lea Melchior resided in the first floor apartment until her death in around 1870. Her former housemaid Amalie (Malle) Salomon was at the time of the 1870 census the only resident in the apartment. The merchant Anton Peter Schou (1828-1901) and his wife Conradine Marie Julia Charlotte Lindholm (1828-1884) resided with their four children (aged 314). The broker Hans Peter Brønnum (1830-) and his wife Johanne resided with two children and a maid on the ground floor.
Amalie (Nelly) Henriques (1805-1882), an unmarried daughter of the wealthy broker Ruben Henriques, was by 1880 residing with a maid and two lodgers on the first floor. The lodgers were Jacob August Nørholm (1825-) and Johanne (1829-). The unmarried sisters Mathilde Pauline Jacob (1829-) and Rose Jacob (1834-), daughters of Moses Melchior's half-sister Tose and Jokel Simon Jacob, resided with the widow Hanne Dorthea Møllerstrøm (1826-) and a maid occupied the apartment on the second floor.
Henriette Melchiors Stiftelse, 1914present
The building was by Melchior turned into a charitable foundation named after his sister who had died in 1902. The aim of the foundation was to make the apartments available to widows of artists and scientists at a modest rent. The sisters Mathilde Pauline Jacob and Rose Jacob were granted a right to rent the apartment on the first floor.
Marianne Vige (1892-1945), widow of the painter Jens Vige (1864-1912), was at the time of the 1917 census residing in the ground floor apartment with their mentally handicapped daughter Hellen Margrethe Vige (1909- ) and a maid.
Anden sal: Lauretta Vilhelmine Gudmundsen-Holmgreen (1862-1952), widow of painter and sculptor Johann Gudmundsen-Holmgreen (1858-1912), sønnen Per (1900-). She was also the mother of the sculptor Jørgen Gudmundsen-Holmgreen. Karl Petersen (1890-) and Jens Peter Petersen (1898-), two brothers from Øster Egesborg ved Vordingborg, occupied the garret.
Architecture
The building is constructed ib brick with three storeys over a walk-out basement. The longer facade on Naboløs is give bays one while the shorter one on Snaregade is just three bays long. The chamfered corner bay was dictated for all corner buildings by Jørgen Henrich Rawert's and Peter Meyn's guidelines for the rebuilding of the city after the fire so that the fire department's long ladder companies could navigate the streets more easily. It is plastered and painted in a pale grey colour with white decorative details. The belt course above the ground floor features a stucco frieze with alternating palmette and putto motifs. Yje froeze dates from the adaption of the building in 1940. The main entrance in the bay furthest to the right in Naboløs is raised seven granite septs from the street level. The hood mould with flo0ral decorations date from the is also from the 1849 renovation. The wider windows on the corner chamfer is accented by more substantial window frames and sills. The facade is finished by a dentillated cornice. The facade on Snaregade is crowned by an arch-headed wall dormer. It was originally topped by a gilded case.
List of owners
( - 1756) Andreas Klarup
(1756-1762) Friedrich Uhl
(1762 - 1765) Jens Krøjer
(1765-1776) Johannes Baltzer
1776–1793) Cay Friderich Hammerich
(1749-1816) gift med Gjertrud Christine Sacco (1758-1816).
/1793-) Lion Israel
References
External links
Source
1787 census
Listed residential buildings in Copenhagen
Residential buildings completed in 1797
1797 establishments in Denmark
1914 establishments in Denmark
Melchior family |
A ladies' ordinary was a women-only dining space which started to appear in North American hotels and restaurants in the early 19th century. At the time, women were not permitted to dine alone or unaccompanied by a male escort in restaurants and the public rooms of luxury, mainly urban hotels. A ladies' ordinary provided a socially acceptable venue where respectable women could dine alone or with other women. It also protected women from the unwanted gazes and advances of men, a common fear in the male-dominated environment of the restaurant.
The first hotel to have housed a ladies' ordinary is thought to be Tremont House, Boston. On November 2, 1833, a restaurant for women referred to as a ladies' ordinary opened in New York City, by the proprietors of a neighbouring establishment called the Clinton Lunch. Isabella Lucy Bird, while travelling in the United States in the mid-19th century, wrote about the American House in Boston that the hotel had an upstairs room separate from the main dining room called 'The Ladies' Ordinary', "where families, ladies and their invited guests take their meals".
References
Restaurants by type
Women-only spaces |
Kalipada Mandal is an Indian politician member of All India Trinamool Congress. He is an MLA, elected from the Shyampur constituency in the 2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. In 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021 assembly election he was re-elected from the same constituency.
References
Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal
Living people
People from Howrah district
West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Johannes Braun (28 October 1919 – 17 July 2004) was a Roman Catholic Bishop and an Apostolic Administrator in Magdeburg.
Life
Early years
Braun studied Philosophy and Theology at Paderborn. His education was interrupted when he was called up for military service. War ended in May 1945 and he was ordained at Paderborn on 8 August 1948 by Archbishop Lorenz Jaeger, celebrating his First Mass a week later at St. Lambert's, the main church in Ascheberg.
The priest
Between 1948 and 1952 he served as a vicar in St. Sebastian's parish at Magdeburg. During this time he devoted energy to building up the Norbertinum Training Centre for men coming to a priestly vocation only after obtaining their secular professional qualifications. He headed up this project till 1970, providing an entire generation of priests for the "Mid-Germany Diaspora". On 26 September 1963 Pope Paul conferred on him the (by now honorary) title of a Papal chamberlain, Monsignor.
The bishop
On 3 March 1970 Pope Paul appointed Johannes Braun as Titular bishop of Putia in Byzacena, and also, on 18 April 1970, as an Auxiliary bishop in Paderborn. Putia in Byzacena was a diocese corresponding to an administrative region in a province created by the Emperor Diocletian in the third century, and now represented by a large desert in the central part of modern-day Tunisia. It had not needed or supported a bishop for more than a thousand years. The need from Braun's appointments was part of a complex practical set of challenges confronting The Church that had arisen closer to home and much more recently. Magdeburg, where Braun was based, had for three centuries been an overwhelmingly Protestant city. However, secular frontier changes mandated by the Soviet Union and supported by her wartime allies, coupled with ethnic cleansing on an industrial scale, meant that even this most Protestant of German cities now contained a large Roman Catholic population, made of political refugees from Silesia and other traditionally German Catholic regions. From the perspective of the Roman Catholic Church, there had not been an Archbishopric of Magdeburg since 1680: Magdeburg was included in the Archdiocese of Paderborn. In 1949, however, Allied zones of occupation had been transformed into two separate German states. Initially the frontier dividing the two Germanys was entirely permeable, but after 1951, and more particularly after 1961, as the secular authorities struggled to prevent a mass-exodus of working age citizens, it became impossible to cross between the two halves of Germany. For the church authorities it also became impossible to administer the church in Magdeburg, which was in East Germany, from Paderborn, which was in West Germany. Along with his more exotic titles, therefore, Johannes Braun also became, in 1973, the church's Apostolic Administrator in Magdeburg.
The consecration on 18 April 1970 involved three new Auxiliary bishops for the German Democratic Republic: in addition to Johannes Braun, they were Hugo Aufderbeck from Erfurt and Gerhard Schaffran from Görlitz.
Braun was also a patron between 1973 and 1990 of the episcopal "Not in der Welt" ("Global Destitution") relief organisation.
Braun's period of episcopal office, which lasted for nearly two decades, started in a period of heightened social tension, with a popular mood affected by the backwash from the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in the east and a period of well publicised student and worker unrest across much of western Europe. There were practical problems resulting from the division of Germany, and there were constant tensions with the secular authorities, even if government in East Germany was for most of the time less confrontational in its approach than in neighbouring Poland where the perceived political threat to the regime from the church was much greater. Braun's approach was traditionalist. He had a pastoral concern for the re-evangelization of the "Mid-Germany Diaspora", but was not an overtly political bishop.
Braun was involved in controversy within the priestly community in 1988 when a group of priests triggered a Papal visitation to investigate aspects of his ministry. The formal grounds for the visitation were stated to be "Mängeln in der bischöflichen Amtsführung" ("Shortcomings in episcopal administration"). The Visitors concluded that around 95% of the priests under his administration supported "their" bishop. 1989 was a year of growing street protests which would turn out to be the trigger for a terminal crisis of confidence and legitimacy for the political establishment in the German Democratic Republic. On 20 September 1989 it was Johannes Braun who was the only Roman Catholic Bishop to sign a Pastoral letter questioning the monopoly of power enjoyed by the country's ruling Socialist Unity Party.
Johannes Braun celebrated his 71st birthday a little more than three weeks after Reunification. 1990 was also the year of his retirement. He was succeeded as Apostolic Administrator by Leo Nowak who later, in 1994, became Magdeburg's bishop when the Roman Catholic Diocese was reinstated after a lapse of more than three centuries.
On retirement, Braun relocated to Paderborn where he remained for the rest of his life.
References
1919 births
2004 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic titular bishops
20th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
Papal chamberlains
20th-century German Roman Catholic priests |
The Thief of Forthe and Other Stories is a collection of sword and sorcery and other fantasy short stories by American writer Clifford Ball. It was first published in paperback and ebook by DMR Books in March 2018.
Summary
The book collects four novelettes and two short stories by the author, together with an introduction by the publisher, D. M. Ritzlin. It gathers together all of Ball's published fiction, originally published in the 1930s and 1940s in Weird Tales, for the first time. The first story, featuring the barbarian adventurer Duar, and the second and third, featuring Rald the thief, were among the earliest sword and sorcery stories published after the pioneering work of Robert E. Howard, and were written in homage to him. The pieces following feature a modern-day quest for the legendary island of Circe, a fantastic detective yarn, and a traditional horror story.
Contents
"Introduction" (D. M. Ritzlin)
"Duar the Accursed" (from Weird Tales v. 29, no. 5, May 1937)
"The Thief of Forthe" (from Weird Tales v. 30, no. 1, Jul. 1937)
"The Goddess Awakes" (from Weird Tales v. 31, no. 2, Feb. 1938)
"The Swine of Ææa" (from Weird Tales v. 33, no. 3, Mar. 1939)
"The Little Man" (from Weird Tales v. 34, no. 2, Aug. 1939)
"The Werewolf Howls" (from Weird Tales v. 36, no. 2, Nov. 1941)
Reception
Fletcher Vredenburgh, reviewing the collection on blackgate.com, writes "Ball was one of the earliest authors to show that S&S wasn't just something a few specific authors wrote, but an actual genre that anyone else with a heart for it could do." "Ball's stories." he notes, "are the works of someone still finding his feet. They aren't as polished as those of his model, Robert E. Howard [but show he] could have been a solid talent had he continued writing." Vredenburgh finds the Duar story "not-great, but ... pretty darn good with some nice, weird bits," and notes "a lunkheadedness to Rald I found fun." "There's a creative exuberance to these stories that make me wish Ball had carried on," he observes, concluding "Dave Ritzlin has done a tremendous service in getting this book into print."
References
2018 short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
DMR Books books |
Theresa Bernice Bubbear is a British diplomat and has been the British Ambassador to Finland since August 2021. She was previously the British Ambassador to Estonia between 2016 and 2021.
Personal life
Bubbear was born in central London and studied at a school in Blackheath. She then went on to read French and Russian at Girton College, Cambridge.
She is married to a fellow diplomat who she met whilst living in Moscow, they have three daughters. She speaks English, French, Russian, Finnish and Spanish.
Career
Bubbear joined the Civil Service in 1985, working for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and has been placed in Moscow, Helsinki and South Africa. Bubbear acted as the British Ambassador to Estonia between September 2016 and July 2021, before entering her current role as the British Ambassador to Finland. She previously held the positions of Chargé d'Affaires and Deputy Head of Mission at the British Embassy in Budapest from August 2011 to April 2016.
She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to British foreign policy.
References
British women ambassadors
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Estonia
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Finland
Diplomats from London
Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire |
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Younite () is a South Korean boy band formed by Brand New Music. The group currently consists of nine members: Eunho, Steve, Hyunseung, Eunsang, Hyungseok, Woono, Dey, Kyungmun, and Sion. The group made their official debut on April 20, 2022, with their first EP titled Youni-Birth.
Name
Younite means "YOU and I: we are connected".
History
Pre-debut
In 2019, Eunsang competed on the show Produce X 101 representing Brand New Music alongside Kim Si-hun, Yun Jung-hwan, and Hong Seong-jun, now of BDC. In the show's finale, he was made a member of the show's debut lineup in the 'X' position, making him a member of the group X1. He made his debut with the group on August 27, 2019, and amidst the Mnet voting manipulation scandal, the group ultimately disbanded on January 6, 2020.
On August 31, 2020, Eunsang made his solo debut with the single album Beautiful Scar. For the lead single, "Beautiful Scar", he collaborated with Park Woo-jin. In October, Eunsang collaborated with former X1 groupmate Kim Woo-seok for the single "Memories". On August 16, 2021, it was announced that Eunsang will be releasing his second single album Beautiful Sunshine and its lead single "Lemonade" on September 1.
In 2021, Kyungmun competed on the show Loud. Kyungmun represented JYP Entertainment alongside Lee Gye-hun and Amaru. He was eliminated in the fifth round.
2022–present: Debut with Youni-Birth, Youni-Q, Youni-On and Bit: Pt. 1
On March 18, Brand New Music announced that Younite will make their debut with their first extended play (EP), Youni-Birth on April 20, 2022.
On July 25, Younite released their second extended play, Youni-Q.
On October 31, the group released their third extended play, Youni-On. including their lead single "Bad Cupid", However, on October 30, the label announced the cancellation of the comeback showcase due to the national mourning period following the Itaewon Halloween crowd crush incident on the 29th.
On April 25, 2023, the group announced their fourth extended play, Light: BIT Part.1 to be released on May 17, with their title track "Waterfall".
Members
Adapted from their official website.
Eunho ()
Steve ()
Hyunseung ()
Eunsang ()
Hyungseok ()
Woono ()
Dey ()
Kyungmun ()
Sion ()
Discography
Extended plays
Singles
Awards and nominations
References
External links
2022 establishments in South Korea
Musical groups from Seoul
K-pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2022
South Korean dance music groups
South Korean boy bands
Brand New Music artists |
The Regal Musical Instrument Company is a former US musical instruments company and current brand owned by Saga Musical Instruments. Regal was one of the largest manufacturers in the 1930s and became known for a wide range of resonator stringed instruments, including guitars, mandolins, and ukuleles. Only resonator guitars are sold under the Regal brand today, with manufacturing in Korea and distribution in San Francisco, United States.
History
Emil Wulschner, a retailer of Indianapolis, opened his first music instruments factory –"Emil Wulschner & Son" in 1896 to build guitars and mandolins. Products were sold under three brand names: Regal, University, and 20th Century. Wulschner died in 1900, and the new owners renamed the company the "Regal Musical Instrument Manufacturing Company" in 1901 and continued using the Regal name on instruments through 1904.
In 1904, Lyon & Healy purchased rights to the brand Regal. Four years later, the company officially re-introduced the Regal name in Chicago, establishing their factory there. Lyon & Healy set Regal up as an independent company in 1924.
During its first years of existence, Regal only marketed 4-string instruments such as ukuleles and tenor guitars. The production of 6-string guitars would begin later. The Regal brand was heavily involved in the production of resonator fretted instruments from their first development until 1941, manufacturing components and bodies for both the National and the Dobro companies (Dobro acquiring National in 1934), though the Dopyera brothers still produced the resonator cones for them. The bodies of their laminated bellied guitars were particularly suited to resonator conversion.
In the early 1930s, Regal had licensed the use of Dobro resonators. When National moved from California to Chicago, Regal acquired the rights to manufacture Dobro instruments. That made Regal become another producer of "house brand" guitars before World War II.
Production of resonator guitars ceased in 1941, followed by all fretted instruments in 1954. That same year, Regal closed down as a company, and its rights to the name and assets were sold to the Harmony Company. Harmony owned Regal for a brief period so Fender took over the brand in the late 1950s. In 1965, Fender distributed five models of banjo under the Regal name, as the "exclusive distributors". It is not clear when Fender ceased to commercialise Regal products.
In an effort to reintroduce the brand to global markets and focusing on overseas production sources, Saga Musical Instruments acquired the Regal name in 1987 and has steadily produced a complete line of metal and wood body resophonic instruments.
Brand owners
Emil Wulschner & Son (1896–1904)
Lyon & Healy (1904–1954)
Harmony Company (1954–late 1950s)
Fender (1950s–?)
Saga Musical Instruments (1987–present)
References
External links
Regal guitars on Saga Music
Banjo FAQ
The Banjo Story
Metal-bodied Regal Dobro, 1940, with historical background
Musical instrument manufacturing companies based in Chicago
Defunct companies based in Chicago |
Proeidosa polysema, the polysema skipper or spinifex sand-skipper, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Australia in the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia.
The wingspan is about .
The larvae feed on Triodia species, including Triodia microstachya, Triodia pungens and Triodia mitchellii. They construct a tent-shaped shelter made from silk and twisted leaves of its host plant where it rests during the day.
External links
Australian Insects
Australian Faunal Directory
Trapezitinae
Butterflies described in 1908 |
Nadekan-e Jami (, also Romanized as Nadekān-e Jamʿī; also known as Nadakān, Nadehkān, Nadehkān Dashar, Nadeh Kān-e Jowm‘ī, and Nadekān) is a village in Pir Sohrab Rural District, in the Central District of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 137, in 30 families.
References
Populated places in Chabahar County |
is a Buddhist temple located in the city of Kawagoe in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. It is noted for its main hall, which was part of the original Edo Castle, and the statues of 540 Rakan, disciples of the Buddha. It is also known informally as the .
Origins and history
Kita-in is believed to have been founded in 830 A.D. by the monk Ennin under the orders of Emperor Junna, with the name , Muryōju being another name for Amitabha Buddha, the main object of worship. The Tendai temple was then divided in three parts called , and . Naka-in is now a separate temple, and of Minami-in there remains only a cemetery.
Burned down during a war in 1202, it was rebuilt in 1296 under Emperor Fushimi and nominated a head temple of the Tendai sect in 1300 by Emperor Go-Fushimi, with control over 580 temples in eastern Japan.
It achieved its greatest fame and influence under the priest Tenkai and was patronized by the first three Tokugawa shōguns Ieyasu, Hidetada, and Iemitsu. Such was Tenkai's influence that when Kita-in burned in 1638, Iemitsu transferred part of Edo Castle to Kita-in. Because the castle burned during the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, Kita-in contains the only extant structures from the original Edo Castle. These structures contain the reception rooms, study, kitchen, toilet and bathroom that Iemitsu used, as well as the actual room where Iemitsu is believed to be born in. Also contained is the dressing room used by his wet-nurse Kasuga no Tsubone who became mistress of the inner palace of Edo Castle. It was at that time that Kita-in replaced Naka-in as the most influential of the three temples. In the same period, the Chinese character in its name was replaced with the present ones, to mean great happiness. The temple was also patronized by the daimyō of Kawagoe Domain.
What is today Ueno's Kan'ei-ji main hall was taken from Kita-in and transferred to the site of a former Kan'ei-ji subtemple.
Features
Reception Hall – Constructed in the 15th year of the Kan'ei era (1638) as part of Edo Castle. The room itself is the birthplace of Tokugawa Iemitsu. The building is a National ICP.
Wriitin Hall – Constructed in the 16th year of the Kan'ei era (1639) as part of Edo castle, it contains the private quarters of Lady Kasuga (National ICP).
Priest's Quarters – Constructed in the 15th year of the Kan'ei era (1638). (National ICP)
The Temple gate was constructed in the 9th year of the Kan'ei era (1632). (National ICP)
Belltower – Constructed in the 15th year of the Genroku era (1702). (National ICP)
Jigen-do - a chapel to the priest Tenkai, built in 1645 (National ICP)
Senba Tōshō-gū enshrining the spirit of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Destroyed in the fire of 1638 which burned the rest of the temple, it was rebuilt in 1640 by order of Tokugawa Iemitsu with a structure closely resembling Nikkō Tōshō-gū. (National ICP)
A tahōtō, a Japanese type of pagoda.
Behind the main hall are the graves of five Matsudaira clan daimyōs who ruled Kawagoe Domain during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Next to the entrance stand the statues of 540 disciples of Buddha known as the . Carved between 1782 and 1825, they portray the disciples in a great variety of positions, so that no two are alike.
See also
For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism.
Notes
References
Moriyama, T. (1998). "Weekend Adventures Outside of Tokyo," Shufunotomo Co. Ltd., Tokyo Japan, .
Kita-in web site
Kita-in's English pamphlet retrieved on December 12, 2010
External links
Kita-in
Kita-in
Buddhist temples in Saitama Prefecture
Buildings and structures in Kawagoe, Saitama
Tendai temples
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1639
Saitama Prefecture designated tangible cultural property |
The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church is an office of the papal household that administers the property and revenues of the Holy See. Formerly, his responsibilities included the fiscal administration of the Patrimony of Saint Peter. As regulated in the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus of 1988, the Camerlengo is always a cardinal, though this was not the case prior to the 15th century. His heraldic arms are ornamented with two keysone gold, one silverin saltire, surmounted by an ombrellino, a canopy or umbrella of alternating red and yellow stripes. These also form part of the coat of arms of the Holy See during a papal interregnum (sede vacante). The Camerlengo has been Kevin Farrell since his appointment by Pope Francis on 14 February 2019. The Vice Camerlengo has been Archbishop Ilson de Jesus Montanari since 1 May 2020.
History
Until the 11th century, the Archdeacon of the Roman Church was responsible for the administration of the property of the Church (i.e., the Diocese of Rome), but the office's numerous ancient privileges and rights had come to make it a frequent hindrance to independent action on the part of the Pope; as a result, when the last Archdeacon Hildebrand was elected to the Papacy as Gregory VII in 1073, he suppressed the Archdiaconate and the prelate entrusted with the supervision of the Apostolic Camera (Camera Apostolica), i.e., the possessions of the Holy See, became known as the Camerarius ("Chamberlain"). The Camerarius was for centuries a central figure in the Papal court. The name Camerlengo was adopted later, likely after the fashion of Valois-Anjou court.
It was the obligation of the Camerarius to formally establish the death of the Pope. Gradually, this evolved in the theory that the Camerarius, as the Chief of the Curia, should conduct normal business even after the death of the Pope, and also conduct the burial and the preparation for the new election. This process was evident with Camerarius Boso Breakspeare. During the long sede vacante of 1268 to 1271, the importance of the Camerarius was so clear that the Cardinals were ready to elect a new one if he died.
Prior to the 18th century, the Camerlengo enjoyed an income of 10,000 to 12,000 scudi a year out of the Apostolic Camera. He had jurisdiction over all suits involving the Apostolic Camera, and could judge separately or in association with the Clerics of the Apostolic Camera; he was not impeded by Consistory. He has appellate jurisdiction over suits decided by the Masters of the Roads. In a narration of the 18th century, the Camerlengo is the chief officer in the Apostolic Camera, the Financial Council of the Pope. In his office are the Governor of Rome (who is Vice-Chancellor), The Treasurer, the Auditor, the President, the Advocate General, the Fiscal Procurator, the Commissary, and twelve Clerks of the Chamber (one with the special title of Prefect of the Grain Supply, another Prefect of Provisions, another Prefect of Prisons, and another Prefect of Roads). Each Clerk of the Chamber received around 8,000 scudi a year, representing 10% of the business that passes through his office.
The powers and functions of the Camerlengo were diminished considerably in the 19th century, first by the reorganisation of the papal government after the election of Pope Pius VII in 1800, then by the reorganization of the papal government after the return of Pope Pius IX from exile in 1850, and then by the loss of the Papal States in 1860 and the City of Rome in 1870. The chief beneficiary of these changes was the Cardinal Secretary of State. Since early in the 20th century, the offices of Secretary of State and Camerlengo were held concurrently by Pietro Gasparri (1916–1930), Eugenio Pacelli (1935–1939), Jean-Marie Villot (1970–1979), and by Tarcisio Bertone (2007–2013). Since then Pope Francis has appointed as Camerlengo prelates who have not been Secretary of State: Jean-Louis Tauran (2014–2018) and Kevin Joseph Farrell (2019–present).
Responsibilities
The Camerlengo is responsible for the formal determination of the death of the reigning Pope; the traditional procedure – abandoned centuries ago – was to call his baptismal name (e.g., "Albine, dormisne?", meaning "[name], are you sleeping?"). After the Pope is declared dead, the Camerlengo takes possession of the Ring of the Fisherman and cuts it with shears in the presence of the cardinals. This act symbolizes the end of the late Pope's authority and prevents its use in forging documents. The Camerlengo then notifies the appropriate officers of the Roman Curia and the Dean of the College of Cardinals. He participates in the preparations for the conclave and the Pope's funeral.
In the past the Camerlengo took possession of the Pope's last will and took responsibility for revealing its contents. Now the last will of the Pope is given to the College of Cardinals and its content is revealed during the first meeting of the College of Cardinals. The only responsibility still in the Camerlengo's hands is to safekeep the last will of the Pope until the College of Cardinals takes possession of it.
Until a successor Pope can be elected, the Camerlengo serves as Vatican City's Acting Sovereign. He is no longer, however, responsible for the government of the Catholic Church when the papacy is vacant; that task was placed in the hands of the College of Cardinals by Universi Dominici gregis (1996). His power is extremely limited, being merely enough to allow Church institutions to continue to operate and perform some basic functions without making any definitive decisions or appointments that are normally reserved to other powers delegated by the Pope. Unlike the rest of the Roman Curia, the Camerlengo retains his office during the sede vacante period and functions as the Executive Director of Vatican Operations, answerable to the College of Cardinals. This is primarily to carry out the College's decisions with regard to the funeral of the late Pope and the events leading up to the conclave. The only other people who keep their offices during this time are the Major Penitentiary, the Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica, the Papal Almoner, and the Vicars General for Rome and for the Vatican City State.
List of Camerlengos
Those who have held the office of Camerlengo are:
Jordan of S. Susanna (documented 1147–1151)
Franchus (1151)
Rainierus (documented 1151)
Yngo (documented 1154)
Boso Breakspeare (1154/55 – 1159)
Bernard the Templar (documented 1163)
Teodino de Arrone (documented 1163)
Franco Gaufridus Fulchier (documented 1175–1181)
Gerardo Allucingoli (ca.1182/84)
Melior le Maitre (documented 1184–1187)
Cencio Savelli (1188–1198), later Pope Honorius III
Riccardo (documented 1198)
Ottaviano Conti di Segni (1200–1206)
Stefano di Ceccano (1206–1216)
Pandolfo Verraclo (1216–1222)
Sinibaldo (ca.1222 – ca.1227)
Rinaldo Conti di Segni (1227–1231), later Pope Alexander IV
(1231–1236 – no information found)
Giovanni da Ferentino (1236–1238)
(1238–1243 – no information found)
Martino (ca. 1243 – ca. 1251)
Boetius (1251–1254)
Niccolo da Anagni (1254–1261)
Pierre de Roncevault (1261–1262)
Pierre de Charny (1262–1268)
Odo of Châteauroux (occupied the post in 1270)
Pietro de Montebruno (occupied the post in 1272)
Guglielmo di San Lorenzo (occupied the post in 1274)
Raynaldus Marci (occupied the post in 1277)
Angelo de Vezzosi (occupied the post in 1278)
Berardo di Camerino (1279–1288)
Niccolo (occupied the post in 1289)
Tommaso d'Ocra (1294)
Teodorico Ranieri (ca. 1295 – 1299)
Giovanni (1301–1305)
Arnaud Frangier de Chanteloup (1305–1307)
Bertrand des Bordes (1307–1311)
Arnaud d'Aux (1311–1319)
Gasbert de Valle (1319–1347)
Stefano Aldebrandi Cambaruti (1347–1360)
Arnaud Aubert (1361–1371)
Pierre du Cros (1371–1383)
Marino Giudice (documented 1380–1382)
Marino Bulcani (documented 1386–1394)
Corrado Caraccioli (documented 1396–1405)
Leonardo de Sulmona (named in 1405)
Antonio Correr (1406–1415)
François de Conzie (1415–1431)
Francesco Condulmer (1432–1440)
Ludovico Trevisan (1440–1465)
Latino Orsini (1471–1477)
Guillaume d'Estouteville (1477–1483)
Raffaele Riario (1483–1521)
Innocenzo Cibo (1521)
Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici (1521–1527)
Agostino Spinola (1528–1537)
Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora (1537–1564)
Vitellozzo Vitelli (1564–1568)
Michele Bonelli (1568–1570)
Luigi Cornaro (1570–1584)
Filippo Guastavillani (1584–1587)
Enrico Caetani (1587–1599)
Pietro Aldobrandini (1599–1621)
Ludovico Ludovisi (1621–1623)
Ippolito Aldobrandini (1623–1638)
Antonio Barberini (1638–1671)
Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni (1671–1698)
Galeazzo Marescotti, pro-camerlengo (1698)
Giovanni Battista Spinola (1698–1719)
Annibale Albani (1719–1747)
Silvio Valenti Gonzaga (1747–1756)
Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra (1756–1763)
Carlo Rezzonico (1763–1799)
Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti (1800–1801)
Giuseppe Maria Doria Pamphili, pro-camerlengo (1801–1814)
Bartolomeo Pacca (1814–1824)
Pietro Francesco Galeffi (1824–1837)
Giacomo Giustiniani (1837–1843)
Tommaso Riario Sforza (1843–1857)
Lodovico Altieri (1857–1867)
Filippo de Angelis (1867–1877)
Gioacchino Pecci (1877–1878), later Pope Leo XIII
Camillo di Pietro (1878–1884)
Domenico Consolini (1884)
Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano (1885–1913)
Francesco Salesio Della Volpe (1914–1916)
Pietro Gasparri (1916–1934)
Eugenio Pacelli (1935–1939), later Pope Pius XII
Lorenzo Lauri (1939–1941)
Benedetto Aloisi Masella (1958–1970)
Jean-Marie Villot (1970–1979)
Paolo Bertoli (1979–1985)
Sebastiano Baggio (1985–1993)
Eduardo Martínez Somalo (1993–2007)
Tarcisio Bertone (2007–2014)
Jean-Louis Tauran (2014–2018)
Kevin Joseph Farrell (2019–present)
Two Camerlengos have been elected Pope: Gioacchino Pecci (Pope Leo XIII) in 1878 and Eugenio Pacelli (Pope Pius XII) in 1939. Two others, Cencio Savelli (elected Pope Honorius III in 1216) and Rinaldo Conti di Segni (elected Pope Alexander IV in 1254) were not Camerlengo at the time of their election to the papacy, Cencio having served from 1188 until 1198 and Rinaldo from 1227 until 1231.
In popular culture
Dan Brown's novel Angels & Demons and its film adaptation features a Camerlengo as a principal character. In the novel it is Carlo Ventresca, an Italian priest who is later revealed to be the son of the Pope conceived through artificial insemination. In the film adaptation, the character is changed to the Northern Irish Patrick McKenna (played by Ewan McGregor), who is not a cardinal but the former papal chaplain to Pope Pius XVI. At the end of the film, the newly elected Pope Luke I selects the German Cardinal Strauss (played by Armin Mueller-Stahl), the former Great Elector of the College of Cardinals, to succeed McKenna as Camerlengo.
The HBO series The Young Pope and its sequel series The New Pope features Camerlengo Angelo Voiello (played by Silvio Orlando) as a supporting character. Voiello also serves as Cardinal Secretary of State, and remains at his post through the papacies of Pius XIII (Jude Law), Francis II (Marcello Romolo) and John Paul III (John Malkovich) until Voiello becomes pope himself.
Notes
References
Frances Andrews, Brenda Bolton, Christoph Egger, Constance M. Rousseau, Pope, Church and City: Essays in Honour of Brenda M. Bolton, Brill, 2004.
Konrad Eubel: Hierarchia Catholica, vol. I–VI, Münster 1913–1960.
External links |
The Lake Development Authority (LDA) in Bangalore, Karnataka, and its successor the Karnataka Lake Conservation and Development Authority (KCLDA) were formed in 2002 and 2015 respectively. Karnataka Tank Conservation and Development Authority (KTCDA) under the Minor Irrigation Department became the superseding agency.
Background
Lake Development Authority was created by Government order on 10 July 2002 as a registered society for the monitoring, regeneration and conservation of lakes in and around Bangalore city, later extended in 2003 to all lakes within Karnataka municipal corporations. Rendered ineffective and largely inactive due to a lack of statutory authority, staffing, branch offices and funding the LDA claimed it could only feasibly play a role in mediate between citizens and the custodians of the lakes.
To address these deficiencies, the Government passed the Karnataka Lake Conservation and Development Authority Act 2014 creating a superseding agency for the purpose of protecting, conserving, reclaiming, restoring, regenerating and integrating the development of lakes, whether natural or man-made in the state of Karnataka. The KCLDA was reported to have successfully prevented encroachments onto urban lakes during its short period of operation.
In 2016, the KLCDA 2014 Act was repealed, and regulatory jurisdiction over the state's lakes handed over to the Minor Irrigation Department. Activists claim the act was repealed to appease special interests.
Lake privatisation
The Karnataka government set up the Lake Development Authority (LDA) in July 2002, with an initial mandate of regeneration and conservation of lakes within BMRDA jurisdiction. While LDA's scope was large, it was reduced to giving clearance to lake related projects. It was considered ineffective in dealing with encroachments. In coordination with LDA, several organisations and funding agencies were involved such as an Indo–Norwegian collaboration, and the National Lake Conservation Programme (NLCP) under the central government. The LDA, under its public-private participation policy, began to lease out lakes for 15 years to private bodies. In 2005 and 2006, it leased out four lakes, Hebbal, Nagavara, Venkanayakere and Agara. The LDA contended that the organisation was not adequately staffed and that they did not have the finances for maintaining lakes on an ongoing basis; hence, the alternative was leasing out lakes to private parties. Under another scheme, private companies located near lakes were offered to adopt the lakes, only five lakes were adopted.
These private sector activities resulted in protests from citizen groups. Issues raised and social damage caused due to this privatization covered a wide range of factors. This included jurisdiction limitations where lakes were not addressed as a continuum with land nor with respect to inter-lake linkages. The scope of non-compliance was increased including due to lack of coordination with other related authorities. With respect to the private developer contending that the lake would be a unique recreational place, others felt that the entry fee per person would cause socio-economic exclusion of the traditional users such as farmers, fishing communities, cattle herders and washer–men. Environmentalists mentioned adverse affects on the lake's wetland ecology including lakes being reduced to pretty hygienic bowls. In 2008 public interest litigations, including one by Environmental Support Group, seeking redress were filed. In 2012 the High Court sought an end to privitisation of lakes. However it made a number of observation including "private participation in such projects is in accordance with national water policy". The final order contained a report titled "Preservation of Lakes in the City of Bangalore" (2011).
This eventually resulted in the Karnataka legislature introducing an act resulting in the formation of the Karnataka Lake Conservation and Development Authority (KLCDA), LDA was merged into this. KLCDA was done away with in 2018. Responsibilities of the KLDCA was transferred to the Karnataka Tank Conservation and Development Authority (KTCDA).
References
Government of Bangalore
State agencies of Karnataka |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
package org.wso2.ballerinalang.compiler.tree.expressions;
import org.ballerinalang.model.tree.NodeKind;
import org.ballerinalang.model.tree.expressions.ReAssertionNode;
import org.wso2.ballerinalang.compiler.tree.BLangNodeAnalyzer;
import org.wso2.ballerinalang.compiler.tree.BLangNodeTransformer;
import org.wso2.ballerinalang.compiler.tree.BLangNodeVisitor;
/**
* Represents `ReAssertion` in regular expression.
*
* @since 2201.3.0
*/
public class BLangReAssertion extends BLangReTerm implements ReAssertionNode {
public BLangExpression assertion;
@Override
public NodeKind getKind() {
return NodeKind.REG_EXP_ASSERTION;
}
@Override
public void accept(BLangNodeVisitor visitor) {
visitor.visit(this);
}
@Override
public <T> void accept(BLangNodeAnalyzer<T> analyzer, T props) {
analyzer.visit(this, props);
}
@Override
public <T, R> R apply(BLangNodeTransformer<T, R> modifier, T props) {
return modifier.transform(this, props);
}
}
``` |
The Cheese and the Worms () is a scholarly work by the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg, published in 1976. The book is a notable example of the history of mentalities and microhistory, cultural history and is "probably the most popular and widely read work of microhistory".
The study examines the unique religious beliefs and cosmogony of Menocchio (1532–1599), also known as Domenico Scandella, who was an Italian miller from the village of Montereale, twenty-five kilometers north of Pordenone. He was from the peasant class, and not a learned aristocrat or man of letters; Ginzburg places him in the tradition of popular culture and pre-Christian naturalistic peasant religions. Due to his outspoken beliefs he was declared a heresiarch (heretic) and burned at the stake during the Roman Inquisition.
Menocchio's life
Education and cultural horizon
Menocchio's literacy may be accounted for by the establishment of schools in the villages surrounding Friuli: Aviano and Pordenone. A school was opened at the beginning of the sixteenth century under the direction of Girolamo Amaseo for, "reading and teaching, without exception, children of citizens as well as those artisans and the lower classes, old as well as young, without payment." It is possible that Menocchio attended a school such as this. He began to read some books available in his locality and began to reinterpret the Bible.
No complete list exists of the books that Menocchio might have read which influenced his view of the cosmos. At the time of his arrest several books were found, but since they were not prohibited, no record was taken. Based on Menocchio's first trial these books are known to have been read:
1. The Bible in the vernacular
2. Il Fioretto della Bibbia (a translation of a medieval Catalan chronicle compiled from various sources)
3. Il Lucidario della Madonna, by the Dominican Albert da Castello
4. Il Lucendario de santi, by Jacopo da Voragine (see Golden Legend)
5. Historia del giudicio (anonymous fifteenth-century poem)
6. Il cavallier Zuanne de Mandavilla (an Italian translation of the book of travels attributed to Sir John Mandeville)
7. A book called Zampollo (Il sogno dil Caravia)
Based on the testimony from Menocchio's second trial these books also are known to have been read:
8. Il supplimento della cronache
9. Lunario al modo di Italia calculato composto nella citta di Pesaro dal. ecc. mo dottore Marino Camilo de Leonardis
10. the Decameron of Boccaccio
11. an unidentified book believed to be an Italian translation of the Quran
Many of these books were loaned to Menocchio and were common at the time. Knowing how Menocchio read and interpreted these texts might provide insight into his views which led to his execution for proselytizing heretical ideas.
Argument
During the preliminary questioning, Menocchio spoke freely because he felt he had done nothing wrong. It is in this hearing that he explained his cosmology about "the cheese and the worms", the title of Carlo Ginzburg's microhistory of Menocchio and source of much that is known of this 16th-century miller.
Menocchio said: "I have said that, in my opinion, all was chaos, that is, earth, air, water, and fire were mixed together; and out of that bulk a mass formed – just as cheese is made out of milk – and worms appeared in it, and these were the angels. The most holy majesty decreed that these should be God and the angels, and among that number of angels there was also God, he too having been created out of that mass at the same time, and he was named lord with four captains, Lucifer, Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael. That Lucifer sought to make himself lord equal to the king, who was the majesty of God, and for this arrogance God ordered him driven out of heaven with all his host and his company; and this God later created Adam and Eve and people in great number to take the places of the angels who had been expelled. And as this multitude did not follow God's commandments, he sent his Son, whom the Jews seized, and he was crucified."
Menocchio had a "tendency to reduce religion to morality", using this as justification for his blasphemy during his trial because he believed that the only sin was to harm one's neighbor and that to blaspheme caused no harm to anyone but the blasphemer. He went so far as to say that Jesus was born of man and Mary was not a virgin, that the Pope had no power given to him from God (but simply exemplified the qualities of a good man), and that Christ had not died to "redeem humanity". Warned to denounce his ways and uphold the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church by both his inquisitors and his family, Menocchio returned to his village. Because of his nature, he was unable to cease speaking about his theological ideas with those who would listen. He had originally attributed his ideas to "diabolical inspiration" and the influence of the devil before admitting that he had simply thought up the ideas himself.
See also
The Night Battles (1966) by Ginzburg
The Great Cat Massacre (1984) by Robert Darnton
References
Further reading
First published in Italian as Il formaggio e I vermi, 1976.
L'Orient du XVIe siècle by Yvelise Bernard, Paris 1988, ; a short annotated biography of Guillaume Postel pp. 31–37.
External links
Putting the Inquisition on Trial, Los Angeles Times, April 17, 1998
Review in the Journal of Peasant Studies (1983)
Menocchio's Place in History (1991)
History books about Italy
1976 non-fiction books
Anthropology books
Counter-Reformation |
Helen F. Thompson was an American businesswoman and politician.
Born in the town of Menasha in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, Thompson owned a hotel in Park Falls, Wisconsin and was also a teacher. She was also the President of the Red Cross chapter in Price County, Wisconsin. Thompson served on the Park Falls School Board. Then, she served on the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1925 and 1927 and was a Republican.
References
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
People from Park Falls, Wisconsin
People from Menasha, Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Educators from Wisconsin
American women educators
School board members in Wisconsin
Women state legislators in Wisconsin
Republican Party members of the Wisconsin State Assembly |
J. C. Murphey Lake is a reservoir in Newton County, Indiana, United States. It is part of the Willow Slough Fish and Wildlife Area.
References
External links
Fish information Willow Slough FWA lakes and ponds
Reservoirs in Indiana
Protected areas of Newton County, Indiana
Bodies of water of Newton County, Indiana |
Under30Media is a U.S. business and entrepreneurship website. It was launched in 2008 and based in New York City. The brand comprises Under30CEO, Under30Finance, Under30Careers, and Under30Experiences.
Description
Under30Media is a U.S. business and entrepreneurship website launched in 2008 and based in New York City. Founded by Jared O’Toole and Matt Wilson, it is the overarching brand in which Under30CEO, Under30Finance, Under30Careers, and Under30Experiences fall under. The founders, Wilson and O’Toole, draw on their own experiences to provide educational resources and mentor other young entrepreneurs.
Based on a subscription, advertising and consulting services revenue model, the site attracts roughly 150,000 page views and 75,000 unique visitors per month. Its original works are sometimes cited by other larger publications such as Business Insider and Forbes.
Brands
Under30CEO
Under30CEO is a news and trend media site offering young entrepreneurs the tools and resources to succeed. Featured experts include James Marshall Reilly, Matt Mickiewicz, and Young Entrepreneur Council. On April 15, 2016, Under30CEO was acquired by Rich20Something Media, Inc.
Under30Experiences
Under30Experiences was highlighted in Forbes and The New York Times. Forbes listed the professional retreat as one of the "4 Professional Retreats to Explore in 2013." Group trips for entrepreneurs have been organized in Iceland, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua.
References
External links
Under30Media homepage
Economics websites
American news websites
Internet properties established in 2008
Companies based in New York City |
The Asia/Oceania Zone was one of three Zones of Davis Cup competition in 2002.
Group I
Lebanon relegated to Group II in 2003.
Thailand and India advance to World Group Play-off.
Group II
Kuwait and Malaysia relegated to Group III in 2003.
Pakistan promoted to Group I in 2003.
Group III
Participating Teams
— promoted to Group II in 2003
— relegated to Group IV in 2003
— relegated to Group IV in 2003
— promoted to Group II in 2003
Group IV
Participating Teams
— promoted to Group III in 2003
— promoted to Group III in 2003
References
See also
Asia Oceania
Davis Cup Asia/Oceania Zone |
Terra is the debut full-length album by Norwegian/Swedish progressive metal band Cronian. The album was sporadically recorded through 2004 and 2005, with the two members of the band separated by their countries most of the time. The album was released in Europe on March 27, 2006, and on April 18, 2006 in North America.
Track listing
"Diode Earth" – 5:00 (Oystein G. Brun)
"Arctic Fever" – 5:42 (Brun, Andreas Hedlund)
"Cronian" – 5:18 (Brun, Hedlund)
"Iceolated" – 7:08 (Brun, Hedlund)
"Colures" – 3:12 (Hedlund)
"The Alp" – 6:04 (Brun, Hedlund)
"Nonexistence" – 5:06 (Brun)
"Illumine" – 7:13 (Brun)
"End(durance) -Part I" – 1:50 (Brun)
Personnel
Mr. V (Vintersorg, Borknagar, Waterclime, Fission) – vocals, bass, programming
Øystein G. Brun (Borknagar) – guitars and programming
Production
Arranged, produced and engineered By Cronian
Vocals engineered by Mattias Marklund
Mixed by Mr. V (Andreas Hedlund)
Mastered by Dan Swanö
Notes
Terra was mastered by musician and producer Dan Swanö, who is well known for his work with countless bands, particularly Edge of Sanity, Nightingale, and Bloodbath. The vocals were engineered by Mr. V's fellow Vintersorg band member Mattias Marklund. The photographs in the album booklet were also taken by Mattias.
References
2006 debut albums
Cronian albums
Century Media Records albums |
My Fair Brady is an American reality television series on VH1 that followed Christopher Knight, who played Peter Brady on The Brady Bunch, and Adrianne Curry, who won the first season of America's Next Top Model, a year after they met and fell in love on the reality show The Surreal Life.
The show appeared to have originated from a Season 4 episode of The Surreal Life, during which each cast member pitched a TV show idea to network executives. Adrianne's concept, which she called Beauty and the Brady, was a show about her and Knight's then-fledgling romance, in which she would attempt to convince Knight to marry her. Within that episode, Adrianne's idea was passed over in favor of that of castmate Da Brat, but the latter's show never came to fruition.
Season 1
The first season was filmed after Surreal Life Season 4 finished. In the last episode of that season, Knight had tentatively decided to start a relationship with Curry; nevertheless, during almost all the episodes he refused to formalize a relationship of any kind with her, acknowledging the difference in their ages. Some memorable moments are Florence Henderson visiting the couple, Curry partying with her best friend, and wearing a wedding dress without Knight's knowledge, who just watched her looking surprised. At the end of the first season, Christopher proposed to Adrianne.
Season 2
Entitled My Fair Brady: We're Getting Married!, the second season covered Christopher Knight and Adrianne Curry's preparations for the wedding. My Fair Brady: We're Getting Married! premiered on-air May 28, 2006. The wedding episode aired on July 23, 2006. Some of the notable parts of the second season are Adrianne meeting her father-in-law, Christopher meeting Adrianne's divorced parents, Knight getting drunk in front of Adrianne's mother, Christopher and Adrianne's Bachelor's farewell party, and an incident that almost causes the cancellation of the wedding.
Season 3
Titled My Fair Brady... Maybe Baby, the third season began on January 20, 2008. In the second episode, after Adrianne gave Chris a birthday present of nude photos of her with a female friend, he came to think Adrianne was a lesbian and left her, asking for a separation. The two were reconciled in the next episode. The season focused on Adrianne's plans to have plastic surgery to make her breasts symmetrical and Christopher's cross-interests decision that he wants to start a family with her. The couple argue about this and even close friends and family members frankly advise them not to have any kids at present. Adrianne does have the surgery and it goes well. But in the season finale, the couple go to Hawaii for a second honeymoon and Adrianne decides to throw out her birth control pills in front of Christopher.
DVD releases
The first two seasons have been released on DVD in Australia by Shock Records.
References
External links
official website (archive link)
My Fair Brady: We're Getting Married! on VH1.com
VH1 original programming
2005 American television series debuts
2008 American television series endings
2000s American reality television series
American dating and relationship reality television series
American television spin-offs
Reality television spin-offs
The Brady Bunch
The Surreal Life spinoffs
English-language television shows
Television series by Endemol
Television series by Lionsgate Television |
Simhadri is a 2014 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed and written by Shivamani, making his comeback after 4 years since his last film Jhossh released. The film stars Duniya Vijay and Soundarya Jayamala and is produced by R. S. Gowda under the banner Mega Hit films.
The film released on 2 October 2014 to the average response from the critics. Set in a rural background, the film moves around the brother - sister sentiments played by Vijay and Aishwarya respectively and the story unfolds the emotional journey of the siblings amidst troubles brought upon them.
Cast
Duniya Vijay as Simhadri
Soundarya Jayamala
Aishwarya
Jai Jagadish
Ramesh Bhat
Padma Vasanthi
Suchendra Prasad
Kote Prabhakar
Soundtrack
The music for the film is composed by Arjun Janya. The soundtrack consists of 4 songs of which two are written by K. Kalyan and one each written by Yogaraj Bhat and V. Nagendra Prasad.
Track list
References
External links
Duniya Vijay's Simhadri To Start Shooting On Rajinikanth's Birthday
Simhadri shoot almost complete
2014 films
2010s Kannada-language films
2014 action drama films
Films scored by Arjun Janya
Indian action drama films |
Mildura Airport is located southwest of Mildura, Victoria, Australia. It is the busiest regional airport in Victoria, the 33rd busiest Australian airport and has twice been named Australia's Rural Airport of the Year.
History
During World War II it was taken over by the Royal Australian Air Force as RAAF Base Mildura. From 1961 to 1976, Australia and the United States Atomic Energy Commission conducted "Project HIBAL" Upper Atmosphere Sampling at Mildura Airport.
In 1967 the Airport was used to launch balloons for the French National Center for Scientific Research.
QantasLink de Havilland Dash 8 400 and Rex Airlines Saab 340 offer scheduled air services. Virgin Australia Boeing 737-800 began the first scheduled jet service from 13 October 2008 before the route was withdrawn in 2020. It is also home to Cobden Air and the Mildura Aero Club.
Its terminal facilities underwent renovation in September 2012, a $6.4 million revamp by builders Mossop Construction + Interiors. This was completed to modernise the airport, as well as increase its passenger handling capabilities to support future air travel growth.
In February 2022, new budget airline Bonza announced they would commence flights to Mildura, from Melbourne and the Sunshine Coast. The airline will to fly to Melbourne three times per week and to the Sunshine Coast two times per week.
Airlines and destinations
Operations
Statistics
Accidents and incidents
On 18 June 2013, a Virgin Australia Boeing 737-800 operating a flight from Brisbane to Adelaide with 91 passengers and crew on board diverted to Mildura due to heavy fog which had closed Adelaide airport. The flight carried enough fuel to allow roughly 30 minutes holding. A Qantas 737 had also diverted to Mildura, arriving after the Virgin flight and radioed that they were running low on fuel. This was interpreted by the Virgin crew as an urgent situation and they allowed the Qantas flight to land ahead. With the airport's automated weather service unavailable and the visibility deteriorating, the Virgin flight conducted a missed approach and now critically low on fuel were forced to commit to an immediate emergency landing. Mildura was not equipped with an Instrument Landing System approach aid and the crew performed the landing without visual reference to the runway on the second attempt. The aircraft landed with remaining fuel.
On 6 November 2015, the pilot of a Cessna 310R, on a private flight from Moorabbin, lost control and crashed on approach to land at Mildura, after the left engine was starved of fuel. The pilot was fatally injured and the aircraft destroyed.
See also
List of airports in Victoria
References
External links
Airports in Victoria (state)
Mildura |
The Invisible War is a 2012 American documentary film written and directed by Kirby Dick and produced by Amy Ziering and Tanner King Barklow about sexual assault in the United States military. It premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, where it received the U.S. Documentary Audience Award. The film has been lauded by advocates, lawmakers, and journalists for its influence on government policies to reduce the prevalence of rape in the armed forces.
The Invisible War is the recipient of a Peabody Award and Emmy Awards for Best Documentary Feature and Outstanding Investigative Journalism. It was nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 85th Academy Awards.
Background
In 2010, 108,121 veterans screened positive for military sexual trauma, and 68,379 had at least one Veterans Health Administration outpatient visit for related conditions. Also in 2010, The Department of Defense processed reports of 3,198 new assaults but estimated the actual number of assaults to be closer to 19,000. However, these reports resulted in convictions against only 244 perpetrators.
Synopsis
The Invisible War features interviews with veterans from multiple branches of the United States Armed Forces who recount the events surrounding their assaults. Their stories show many common themes, such as the lack of recourse to an impartial justice system, reprisals against survivors instead of against perpetrators, the absence of adequate emotional and physical care for survivors, the unhindered advancement of perpetrators' careers, and the forced expulsion of survivors from service.
Interspersed with these first person testimonies are interviews with advocates, journalists, mental health professionals, active duty and retired generals, Department of Defense officials, and members of the military justice system. The film also includes footage, often shot by the veterans themselves, which documents their lives and continuing struggles in the aftermath of their assaults.
In the film's most prominent narrative, Coast Guard veteran Seaman Kori Cioca struggles to earn benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs to pay for the many medical difficulties that have resulted from her rape. With the help of attorney Susan L. Burke, Cioca, along with other survivors featured in the film, brings Cioca v. Rumsfeld, a civil suit against the Department of Defense alleging a failure to adequately address sexual assault within the military.
Other past incidents of sexual abuse recounted in the film include the 1991 Navy Tailhook scandal, the 1996 Army Aberdeen scandal, and the 2003 Air Force Academy scandal. The Invisible War uses these examples to argue that the military has consistently made empty promises to address its high rate of sexual assault. These stories culminate with an examination of the previously unreported culture of sexual harassment and sexual assault at the prestigious Marine Barracks Washington.
The survivors and advocates featured in the film call for changes to the way the military handles sexual assault, such as shifting prosecution away from unit commanders, who often are either friends with assailants or are assailants themselves.
Interviews
People interviewed in The Invisible War include:
Members of Congress
Chellie Pingree, (D, Maine)
Louise Slaughter (D, New York)
Mike Turner (R, Ohio)
Loretta Sanchez (D, California)
Jackie Speier (D, California)
Ted Poe (R, Texas)
Susan Davis, (D, California)
Niki Tsongas, (D, Massachusetts)
Military personnel
Major General Mary Kay Hertog, Director, Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office
Dr. Kaye Whitley, Former Director, Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office
Rear Admiral Anthony Kurta, Director, Military Plans and Policy
General Claudia J. Kennedy, US Army (retired)
Brigadier General Wilma L. Vaught, US Air Force (retired)
Brigadier General Loree Sutton, M.D., US Army (retired)
Major General Dennis Laich, US Army (retired)
Staff Sergeant Stace Nelson, NCIS Special Agent, USMC (retired)
Veteran Robinlynne Mabin-Lafayette, USAF Disabled Veteran
Response
Following its release, The Invisible War was heralded for exposing a culture of widespread sexual harassment and sexual assault at Marine Barracks Washington. In March 2012, eight women, including two who appeared in the film, filed suit against military leaders for maintaining an environment that tolerates rapists while silencing survivors.
Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta viewed the film on April 14, 2012. On April 16, 2012, Secretary Panetta issued a directive ordering all sexual assault cases to be handled by senior officers at the rank of colonel or higher, which effectively ended the practice of commanders adjudicating these cases from within their own units. In his 2014 memoir Worthy Fights, Panetta states that watching The Invisible War was one of the main factors that influenced him to take action on the issue of sexual assault in the military.
On June 25, 2012, the Marine Corps unveiled a new plan to combat sexual assault. Marine Corps Commandant General James F. Amos met with all non-deployed Marine generals to review the new procedures, which seek to discourage unsafe environments while increasing reporting. In November 2012 Air Force Chief of Staff General Mark Welsh met with all active wing commanders to screen the film and discuss the problem of rape in the military. The film's distributor estimates that 235,000 service members viewed The Invisible War in 2012.
On January 4, 2013, President Barack Obama signed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013. This law included many improvements to the military's handling of sexual assault cases, such as barring individuals with felony sex abuse convictions from receiving enlistment waivers, forming special victims units to investigate and prosecute sexual assault cases, and installing new policies to prevent professional retaliation against assault survivors.
According to The New York Times, the film "has been credited with both persuading more women to come forward to report abuse and with forcing the military to deal more openly with the problem." The Times also notes that the film helped spur the House Armed Services Committee to hold a January 23, 2013, hearing on sexual assault in the military. During the hearing, Rep. Mike Turner acknowledged the film for illustrating the hostility faced by many survivors who speak up or seek help. The Invisible War was again discussed during a Senate subcommittee hearing on March 13, 2013, in which lawmakers and military officials described the film's impact on military training programs dealing with sexual assault.
Senator Kirsten Gillibrand credits The Invisible War with inspiring her to create legislation to reduce sexual assault in the military. In her 2014 memoir Off the Sidelines, Gillibrand writes, "Nothing in my life...prepared me for what I saw in that film.... Whatever it took, I had to help bring justice to these survivors, and I needed to work to prevent future crimes." In November 2013, Gillibrand introduced the Military Justice Improvement Act, which would require military sexual assault cases to be handled by an independent judiciary body. In March 2014 the bill failed to secure enough votes to break a filibuster.
Reception
The Invisible War received widespread acclaim from critics. The Invisible War has an approval rating of 99% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 72 reviews, and an average rating of 8.20/10. The website's critical consensus states, "The Invisible War is a vital and frank expose on sexual assault in the U.S. military, shot by master filmmaker Kirby Dick (This Film is Not Yet Rated)". It also has a score of 75 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 19 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". At the end of 2012, it held a 100% Fresh rating from review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, which also listed it as the #1 film of the year.
The film appeared on numerous year-end best lists, including in The New York Times, Time, and the National Board of Review. The Chicago Film Critics Association named it the Best Documentary of 2012.
The Christian Science Monitor's Peter Rainer observed that the film broke new ground, as it "was the first to really explore the issue of rape in the military" and that "the fact that this subject has taken so long to achieve full-scale exposure was itself symptomatic of the problem." He selected it as one of the top ten films of the year.
The Boston Globe's Christopher Wallenberg noted that The Invisible War "achieved a rare feat for a documentary by breaking a national news story: The alleged coverup of incidents of sexual assault and harassment at the prestigious Marine Barracks Washington." Other critics also focused on the film's investigative journalism, including A. O. Scott, who wrote in The New York Times that Dick is "one of the indispensable muckrakers of American cinema, zeroing in on frequently painful stories about how power functions in the absence or failure of accountability."
Jonathan Hahn of the Los Angeles Review of Books wrote, "There are some works of writing or painting, speech, or film that do more than just stand as great works of art. They change things. They put before us something fundamentally wrong with the world — with the society we take for granted, with the institutions on which we depend and that in turn depend on us — and demand change. The Invisible War belongs in that pantheon, and is easily one of the most important films of the year."
Two survivors and one service provider who appear in The Invisible War criticized the filmmakers for their fleeting focus on male victims. Director Kirby Dick responded, saying that he is empathetic toward their concerns, but felt that focusing on women would serve as the best "entry point" for the discussion.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Official website
Invisible No More film resource center and blog
The Invisible War at Kirby Dick's homepage
Interview with filmmakers on MSNBC's The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell
2012 documentary films
2012 films
American documentary films
Documentary films about rape
Sexual assault in the United States military
Documentary films about veterans
Documentary films about women in war
Sundance Film Festival award-winning films
Films directed by Kirby Dick
2010s English-language films
2010s American films |
African Economic History is an annual academic journal covering research on all aspects of the economics of the African past, including its historiography, with an emphasis on sub-Saharan, colonial and post-colonial themes. It was established in 1974 by the African Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin–Madison as the African Economic History Review and obtained its current title in 1976. Subsequently, it was associated with the Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on Africa and Its Diasporas at York University. The journal is now published by the University of Wisconsin Press.
References
External links
African Economic History on Project MUSE
Academic journals established in 1974
African studies journals
Economic history journals
Multilingual journals
Biannual journals
University of Wisconsin Press academic journals |
Chicago High School (active 1856–1880; demolished 1950) was the first public high school in Chicago, Illinois. After several abortive attempts, the Chicago City Council approved a high school in 1855. John M. Van Osdel and Frederick Baumann designed the building, which opened the next year. In 1860, the coursework was organized into two branches of study. In 1869, the high school established three branch divisions in Chicago where students could take the first-year workload, then apply to finish at the main building, which then became known as Central High School. These branches evolved into full high schools in 1880 and the original Chicago High School was closed. The building was demolished in 1950.
History
The first proposal for a high school in Chicago, Illinois dates from 1840. The Chicago Board of Inspectors met to discuss the advanced schooling provided by some schools in the city and considered centralizing secondary education. However, no action was taken. Three years later, the Inspectors issued a report about the possibility of a high school, but bemoaned the lack of funds available to organize it. In May 1844, chairman Ira Miltimore proposed the erection of a new school in the First Ward. This school was to have elementary teaching in the two rooms on the first floor and a high school in the rooms on the second floor. Thus, one principal and only two or three assistants could essentially lead two schools at once. The proposal seems to have been ignored.
Three Inspectors organized a committee to plan the first high school in November 1852. They issued a report that December, but again the issue was ignored. Finally, in September 1854, the Chicago City Council agreed to pass an ordinance approving a high school. It was made law on January 23, 1855. On February 19, they ordered a draft of the building plans and the building was begun later that year. The building was located on Monroe Street, between Halsted and Desplaines Streets.
John M. Van Osdel and Frederick Baumann were tasked with planning the structure. They designed a Gothic Revival building faced with ashlar limestone. It had diamond-shaped leaded windows and crenelated roof edges. An examination for application was opened on July 15, 1856, with 158 applicants; 114 were admitted. A second examination was held and eleven others were admitted. The school was officially organized on October 8, 1856, and Charles A. Dupee was named the first principal. By the start of the winter term, only fifty-one student were able to maintain a scholarship. The Irving Society, a literary club named for Washington Irving, was founded in 1857.
George Howland succeeded Dupree in 1860. He divided the school into two programs: a two-year normal (teaching preparation) course or a three-year study in the classics. Students could alternatively take both courses over four years. By the winter term, both programs were extended to four years and pupils were required to study at least one foreign language. By 1866, the school featured nine faculty, teaching Latin, German, French, Greek, geography, botany, astronomy, history, Cicero, mensuration (mathematics), natural philosophy, and political economy. In 1868, a special three-year classical course, intended as preparatory school for colleges, was introduced. Age for admission was originally thirteen, but this was reduced to twelve in 1870. The limestone building was one of the few to survive the 1871 Great Chicago Fire.
In September 1869, the high school developed branch schools and classes throughout the city: North Division, South Division and West Division. High school classes were heard in the Franklin School in the north, the Haven school in the south, the Foster and Hayes buildings in the west. Students could take the first year or two of high school in these buildings, then attended the "central" high school for the rest of schooling. Thus, Chicago High School also became known as Central High School after this date. A school newspaper, The Lever, was founded in 1874.
In 1880, the three branch schools became four-year schools and the Central High School was decommissioned. By the time, the high school building was too small for the number of students and the building was out of place in an otherwise commercial district. An unofficial affiliation with the West Division High School was formed, and alumni of the two schools met in joint reunions. The school building was used as a warehouse for the Chicago Board of Education, the successor organization of the Board of Inspectors. In 1950, it was demolished to make room for the Northwest Expressway.
Alumni
Ferdinand L. Barnett, lawyer and civil rights activist
Wallace Leroy DeWolf, businessman and artist
Albert G. Lane, educator
Cyrus McCormick, Jr., industrialist
William Morton Payne, educator
William Edward Quine, physician
Ella Flagg Young, educator
References
Buildings and structures demolished in 1950
Educational institutions disestablished in 1880
Educational institutions established in 1856
Former high schools in Illinois
Public high schools in Chicago
1856 establishments in Illinois |
The Corriente is an American breed of small cattle, used principally for rodeo events. It derives from Criollo Mexicano stock, which in turn descends from Iberian cattle brought to the Americas by the Conquistadores, and introduced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to various parts of what is now Mexico.
A breed association, the North American Corriente Association, was formed in 1982.
History
Iberian cattle were brought to the Americas by the Conquistadores, and were introduced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to various parts of what is now Mexico. From these the various types or breeds of Criollo Mexicano have developed.
Small cattle for use in rodeo events were exported to the United States in large numbers from the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora, although in the late twentieth century this became difficult as a result of stringent border regulations. In Chihuahua annual exports were in the region of head, and 'Criollo de Rodeo' became an alternate name for the Criollo di Chihuahua; in Sonora, where the Frijolillo is the predominant Criollo breed, small cattle of any kind were commonly known as 'Corriente', meaning 'running'. When a breed association for rodeo cattle was formed in the United States in 1982, this was name chosen for the new breed, and the association was called the North American Corriente Association. The foundation stock of the Corriente breed included some Florida Scrub cattle and other similar cattle from Louisiana.
In 2010 the number of breeding cows was . In 2016 there were 114 breeders of the Corriente.
Characteristics
Like other Criollo cattle of the Americas and many breeds of southern Europe, the Corriente is principally of taurine (European) derivation, but has a small admixture of indicine genetic heritage; this may be a consequence of gene flow across the Strait of Gibraltar from cattle of African origin dating to before the time of the Spanish Conquest. A single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping study in 2013 found the level of zebuine introgression in the Corriente to be approximately , not significantly different from that seen in the Colombian Romosinuano and the Texas Longhorn.
The Corriente is small, with an average weight of for cows and for bulls. It is lean, agile and athletic. The horns come straight out and then curve forward and often slightly upward; they are heavy but not particularly long. The coat may be of any color but pure white. Solid, brindle and paint colors are seen.
Use
The Corriente is primarily used for rodeo sports such as team roping and steer wrestling. It either is or is not also reared for beef; cattle no longer suitable for rodeo work may be fattened for slaughter. The meat is included in the Ark of Taste of the Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity.
References
Cattle breeds originating in the United States |
```c++
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/transforms/onednn/squeeze_transpose_onednn_fuse_pass.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/dialect/operator/ir/onednn_op.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/dialect/operator/ir/pd_op.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/pir/drr/include/drr_pattern_base.h"
#include "paddle/pir/include/pass/pass.h"
#include "paddle/pir/include/pass/pass_registry.h"
namespace {
class SqueezeTransposePattern : public paddle::drr::DrrPatternBase {
public:
SqueezeTransposePattern() = default;
std::string name() const override { return "SqueezeTransposePattern"; }
uint32_t benefit() const override { return 2; }
void operator()(paddle::drr::DrrPatternContext *ctx) const override {
paddle::drr::SourcePattern pat = ctx->SourcePattern();
const auto &squeeze = pat.Op(paddle::dialect::SqueezeOp::name());
const auto &full_1 = pat.Op(paddle::dialect::FullIntArrayOp::name(),
{{"value", pat.Attr("full_1_value")}});
squeeze({&pat.Tensor("x"), &full_1()}, {&pat.Tensor("squeeze_out")});
const auto &transpose = pat.Op(paddle::dialect::TransposeOp::name(),
{{"perm", pat.Attr("perm")}});
transpose({&pat.Tensor("squeeze_out")}, {&pat.Tensor("transpose_op_out")});
pat.AddConstraint([&](const paddle::drr::MatchContext &match_ctx) {
auto axis = match_ctx.Attr<std::vector<int64_t>>("full_1_value");
auto perm = match_ctx.Attr<std::vector<int>>("perm");
if (perm.size() <= 0) return false;
if (axis.size() <= 0) return false;
return true;
});
paddle::drr::ResultPattern res = pat.ResultPattern();
const auto &fused_reshape_attr = res.ComputeAttr(
[](const paddle::drr::MatchContext &match_ctx) -> std::vector<int> {
std::vector<int> int_array_value;
auto shape = match_ctx.Attr<std::vector<int64_t>>("full_1_value");
for (auto i : shape) {
int_array_value.emplace_back(static_cast<int>(i));
}
return int_array_value;
});
const auto &fused_transpose =
res.Op(paddle::onednn::dialect::FusedTransposeOp::name(),
{{
{"axis", pat.Attr("perm")},
{"fused_squeeze2_axes", fused_reshape_attr},
{"fused_unsqueeze2_axes", res.VectorInt32Attr({})},
{"fused_reshape2_shape", res.VectorInt32Attr({})},
{"scale", res.Float32Attr(1.0f)},
{"shift", res.Float32Attr(0.0f)},
{"output_data_type", res.StrAttr("fp32")},
{"data_format", res.StrAttr("AnyLayout")},
{"mkldnn_data_type", res.StrAttr("float32")},
}});
fused_transpose({&res.Tensor("x")}, {&res.Tensor("transpose_op_out")});
}
};
class SqueezeTransposePass : public pir::PatternRewritePass {
public:
SqueezeTransposePass()
: pir::PatternRewritePass("squeeze_transpose_onednn_fuse_pass", 3) {}
pir::RewritePatternSet InitializePatterns(pir::IrContext *context) override {
pir::RewritePatternSet ps(context);
ps.Add(paddle::drr::Create<SqueezeTransposePattern>(context));
return ps;
}
};
} // namespace
namespace pir {
std::unique_ptr<Pass> CreateSqueezeTransposeOneDNNPass() {
// pd_op.squeeze + transpose2 -> onednn_op.fused_transpose
return std::make_unique<SqueezeTransposePass>();
}
} // namespace pir
REGISTER_IR_PASS(squeeze_transpose_onednn_fuse_pass, SqueezeTransposePass);
``` |
Befeta is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambohimahasoa, which is a part of Haute Matsiatra Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 13,000 in 2001 commune census.
Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 80% of the population of the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and beans, while other important agricultural products are maize and grapes. Industry and services provide employment for 5% and 15% of the population, respectively.
References and notes
Populated places in Haute Matsiatra |
Safe, Swift and Smart Passage (S-PaSS) is an online travel management system of the Department of Science and Technology used for domestic travel during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines when varying levels of travel restrictions was imposed in local government units. It is used as a platform for individuals to check on prevailing travel policies and requirements in a specific LGU as well as secure travel coordination permits (TCP) and travel pass-through permits (TPP) from local governments.
Described as a "one-stop online communication and coordination platform for travelers and local government units", S-PaSS was launched on March 26, 2021. It was developed by the DOST's Region VI (Western Visayas) office.
As of October 1, 2021, the S-PaSS have at least 3 million registered users.
References
2021 establishments in the Philippines
COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transport
Software associated with the COVID-19 pandemic |
The green-blooded skink (Prasinohaema virens), sometimes (ambiguously) known as green tree skink, is a scincid lizard species native to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. This small and arboreal lizard is common, but poorly known.
Physiology
The skink has developed setae on its toe pads (or digit pads) for climbing analogous to those of geckos and anoles, but the trait is believed to have evolved independently to these groups, so is an example of convergent evolution. With regards to the trait, other species in the genus, P. flavipes and P. prehensicauda, have the primitive character, and lack the setae. Other skinks within the genus Lipinia have also evolved toe pad setae, and within the skink family, four morphologically distinct adhesive microstructures have evolved, possibly all with independent evolutionary origins. By contrast, anoles and geckos each use a single, common structure, although it appears to have evolved independently in the two groups.
Blood
As in other lizards of the genus Prasinohaema, the blood of P. virens is green, rather than the usual red coloration of most vertebrates. The green blood pigmentation results in a strikingly bright lime-green coloration of muscles, bones, tongue, and mucosal tissue, and is the result of the accumulation of the bile pigment biliverdin in levels that would be toxic in all other vertebrates. Biliverdin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, and is normally converted to bilirubin. However, mutations in various genes regulating bilirubin formation is believed to lead to the formation and accumulation of high levels of biliverdin. It is speculated that the high biliverdin concentration protects against malaria.
Distribution and habitat
P. virens is native to Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It is found at altitudes ranging from sea level to , and inhabits rainforest and plantations of different varieties.
Import to Australia
In Australia, importing this skink is prohibited under State and Territory legislation because the skink's risk as an invasive species has not yet been assessed. However, live specimens may be imported with a permit issued under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 for noncommercial purposes, such as research, but not as a household pet.
References
External links
http://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/14560.jpg
Prasinohaema
Skinks of New Guinea
Reptiles described in 1881
Endemic fauna of New Guinea
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters |
Los Angeles Football Club, commonly referred to as LAFC, is an American professional men's soccer team based in Los Angeles, California. The club competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member club of the league's Western Conference. The club was established on October 30, 2014, and began play during the 2018 season as an expansion team. The club plays their home matches at BMO Stadium, a soccer-specific stadium located in Exposition Park.
The managing owners of the club are Brandon Beck, Larry Berg, and Bennett Rosenthal. Los Angeles FC also has a variety of other part-owners, such as Will Ferrell. The club's inaugural head coach was Bob Bradley, who served from 2017 to 2021. During their second season in 2019, Los Angeles FC won the Supporters' Shield with club captain Carlos Vela earning the MVP Award. In 2020, Los Angeles FC were the runners-up in the CONCACAF Champions League. The club won their first MLS Cup in 2022, which completed a league double with their second Supporters' Shield.
Since they started playing, Los Angeles FC have had a fierce rivalry with the LA Galaxy, the older of the two Los Angeles-based MLS teams. The rivalry between the two clubs has been dubbed El Tráfico by the supporters of both clubs.
History
On October 30, 2014, following the dissolution of Chivas USA, Major League Soccer awarded a new expansion team to Los Angeles. On September 15, 2015, the club announced that Los Angeles Football Club, which had previously been used as a placeholder name for the club, would be the official team name. Henry Nguyen, Los Angeles FC's principal owner at the time, hinted at this possibility shortly after the club was announced in describing the name as "timeless".
LAFC announced Bob Bradley as its head coach in July 2017, joining general director John Thorrington in a search for players. Mexican forward Carlos Vela was signed as the club's first designated player on August 11, 2017.
On March 4, 2018, LAFC played its first MLS game, a 1–0 win against Seattle Sounders FC at CenturyLink Field in Seattle. LAFC designated player Diego Rossi scored the club's first-ever competitive goal in the 11th minute, assisted by Vela.
On March 31, 2018, LAFC suffered its first MLS loss, giving up a 3–0 lead to lose 4–3 to LA Galaxy in the MLS debut of Zlatan Ibrahimović. LAFC was the second team ever to lose an MLS game after leading 3–0 during the match. Despite the loss, LAFC won 4 of the 6 games on their road trip to start the season, becoming the first team to earn 12 points from a season opening road trip of 6 games or more. They finished the season with 7 road wins which is the most for an expansion team in the post-shootout era.
LAFC accomplished the best regular season for an MLS expansion team, earning 57 points. The total surpassed the 56 picked up the 1998 Chicago Fire, also coached by Bob Bradley, as well as the post-shootout era record of 55 set in 2017 by Atlanta United. LAFC's seven road wins also tied for the most ever by an expansion team in the pre or post shootout-era with the '98 Fire who had two road wins come via the shootout. They finished second all-time in goals scored by an expansion team in a season, with 68, just behind Atlanta's 70.
On October 6, 2018, LAFC clinched its first playoff spot after a 3–0 victory against the Colorado Rapids finishing third in the West, but were knocked out at home in the first round in a 3–2 loss to sixth-place Real Salt Lake.
2020 CONCACAF Champions League
Los Angeles FC appeared in CONCACAF Champions League for the first time in 2020. After going down 2–0 in the first leg against Club León, LAFC came back and won 3–0 in the second leg, advancing (3–2 on aggregate) to the round of 16. Shortly after that, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was put on hold. When the tournament resumed in December, under a new one-off format, Los Angeles FC defeated Cruz Azul (2–1) after going down 1–0. In the semi-finals LAFC defeated Club América (3–1), again in comeback fashion. They became the third MLS side to advance to the Final, where they were defeated by Tigres UANL (2–1), who had been runners-up in previous editions of the tournament, and who went on to become the runners-up in the Club World Cup.
2022 MLS Cup Champions
LAFC spent the majority of the 2022 MLS season pushing for the league's all-time points record (73, set the previous year), but major squad turnover brought about a string of losses (five in their final nine matches) which led to LAFC settling for 67 points as they won their second Supporters' Shield. This total was equal with the Philadelphia Union, who lost the Shield on a wins tiebreaker. LAFC defeated their archrivals, the Galaxy, 3–2 in the conference semifinals before knocking out Austin FC 3–0 to advance to their first-ever MLS Cup. Los Angeles FC won the 2022 MLS Cup by defeating the Union in a penalty shootout following a 3–3 draw through extra time. The two latest goals in MLS Cup Playoffs history were scored in the match, with Gareth Bale scoring an equalizer in the 128th minute to take the match to penalties, which LAFC won 3–0. LAFC substitute goalkeeper John McCarthy made two saves in the shootout and was named the most valuable player of the match.
2023 CONCACAF Champions League
During the team's 2023 season, Los Angeles had advanced to the 2023 CONCACAF Champions League final for the club's second time in four years. Their road to the finals consisted of victories against Alajuelense, Vancouver Whitecaps, and Philadelphia Union. LA had faced Club León in the final, who the team had faced before in the tournament. Los Angeles were the favorites, heading to their matches. Despite Bouanga scoring a late goal, to keep the teams chances of winning the final, Leon had bested LA 3–1 aggregate in their second match at home.
Colors, badge, and sponsorship
The club's colors and logo were unveiled on January 7, 2016, at Union Station. The club's primary colors are black and gold, with red and gray used as accent colors. The Art Deco-inspired logo incorporates a shield outline referencing the city seal, with a winged "LA" monogram and the words "Los Angeles" and "Football Club" in Neutraface. The crest was designed by Matthew Wolff.
Sponsorship
On January 31, 2018, LAFC announced that YouTube TV would be the club's first official shirt sponsor in addition to exclusively broadcasting the club's local matches in English. Target was announced as their first sleeve sponsor in October 2019.
On March 26, 2021, upon the expiration of its sponsorship contract with YouTube TV, LAFC announced that FLEX, a power tool manufacturer headquartered in Steinheim an der Murr, Germany, would replace YouTube TV as the main shirt sponsor for the club. Four days later, on March 30, 2021, the club announced that Postmates would become the second official sleeve sponsor (joining Target) on a one-year deal for the entirety of the 2021 season. Shortly thereafter, LAFC announced that YouTube TV no longer held exclusive broadcasting rights over English language home matches. Instead, the club chose to partner with two local networks for all English language home games beginning that season.
For the club's the 2022 season, LAFC announced on February 26, 2022, that it had partnered with PepsiCo to make Rockstar energy drink the exclusive shirt sponsor of its 2022 training kit. The agreement expired at the end of the season.
Prior to the 2023 season, on June 14, 2022, MLS announced a new media rights partnership with Apple giving the tech giant exclusive broadcast rights to all league games via its streaming service, Apple TV, for the next 10 seasons. To promote this new partnership, as well as their new streaming service entitled MLS Season Pass, both MLS and Apple agreed to have the Apple TV+ logo appear on the left kit sleeve of all league teams beginning with the 2023 season. Additionally, Ford, LAFC's Official Domestic Automobile Partner, joined the club's top tier of sustained brand sponsorships - the "Golden Boot Club" - for the 2023 season. This enhanced partnership included Ford receiving promonent logo placement on the team's right kit sleeve.
Stadium
On May 17, 2015, the team chose the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena site, under a sublease from the University of Southern California which managed and operated the Sports Arena and adjacent L.A. Memorial Coliseum, to build a 22,000-seat state of the art stadium for the MLS in Exposition Park, estimated to cost $250 million. The group estimated the project would create 1,200 temporary construction jobs and 1,800 full-time jobs, generating $2.5 million in annual tax revenue. The environmental impact report, arena demolition, and stadium construction were expected to take three years and delay the team's debut to 2018.
On May 6, 2016, the Los Angeles City Council approved the stadium, clearing a way for the construction of the stadium.
A groundbreaking ceremony took place on August 23, 2016. At the event attended by owners and construction crews, LAFC announced a 15-year, $100 million naming rights deal for the stadium with the Banc of California. Demolition of the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena began shortly after the groundbreaking and was completed by October 2016.
The first public event at the stadium was an open practice and dedication ceremony held on April 18, 2018. The club's first home match was played on April 29, 2018, against Seattle Sounders FC, with the home side winning 1–0. The lone goal was scored by Laurent Ciman in stoppage time in front of a capacity crowd of 22,000.
The stadium was renamed to BMO Stadium on January 19, 2023.
Club culture
After the launch, supporters were consulted on many of the club's early decisions including the team colors, the look of the crest and the design of BMO Stadium, built on land previously held by the LA Sports Arena. Much of the marketing focus was to millennials, which led to the decision to play near downtown Los Angeles. LAFC took a grassroots approach to building the club by founding the LAFC academy and signing younger prospects including Americans Walker Zimmerman and Tristan Blackmon, Portuguese draft pick João Moutinho, and Uruguayan prospect Diego Rossi.
Supporters
LAFC supporters are known collectively as "The 3252". The official capacity of the safe standing supporters section at BMO Stadium is 3,252. When added together, the numbers 3, 2, 5, 2 equal 12, serving as a reference to "the 12th man", and an homage to the supporters of the team. Composed of a variety of supporters groups, The 3252 is the club's independent supporters union, which encompasses a growing number of affiliate supporter groups and independent supporters with active season memberships.
Falcon program
The club's falcon program includes three live falcons who participate in various gameday and community events. One falcon is released pre-game by an honorary falconer (usually a celebrity or community figure) and flies around the stadium. The first honorary falconer was co-owner Will Ferrell. The three falcons are named after famous streets in Los Angeles: "Olly" (Olvera Street), "Fig" (Figueroa Street), and "Mel" (Melrose Avenue).
Rivalries
LA Galaxy
LAFC have a cross-town rivalry with the LA Galaxy, who play in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson. The series between the two teams is known as El Tráfico (Spanish for "The Traffic"), conversely, Spanish-language speakers and media commonly refer to it as the Clásico del Tráfico (English for the "Traffic Classic"). The nickname was coined by MLS fans and adopted by some media outlets following polls by SB Nation blogs LAG Confidential and Angels on Parade. It refers to the notorious traffic congestion in Los Angeles, among the worst in the United States and the world, while serving as a play on "El Clásico". The rivalry has also been called the "Los Angeles Derby", a moniker that was also used for the SuperClasico.
Seattle Sounders FC
LAFC's first game ever played was a 1–0 win at CenturyLink Field over the Seattle Sounders on March 4, 2018, marking the earliest starting point of any of LAFC's on-field rivalries. LAFC's first-ever home game at Banc of California Stadium was also a 1–0 win over Seattle, ending in dramatic fashion with a 92nd-minute goal. The next season Seattle got its revenge, defeating LAFC for the first time in the 2019 Western Conference Finals, bringing L.A.'s record-setting season to an end. Beyond these touchstone moments, the rivalry has carried on players, coaches, and supporters.
Ownership
In 2016, three local investors—Brandon Beck, Larry Berg and Bennett Rosenthal—took over as managing owners of the club with Berg serving as lead managing owner. As of 2017, chairman and CEO of Mandalay Entertainment Group and entrepreneur Peter Guber is executive chairman, and venture capitalist Henry Nguyen is vice-chairman. The ownership group in 2019 also included businessman Ruben Gnanalingam. Other part-owners and investors include Will Ferrell, Natalie Mariduena, Nomar Garciaparra, Mia Hamm-Garciaparra, Chad Hurley, Magic Johnson, Joseph Tsai, Tucker Kain, Kirk Lacob, Mitch Lasky, Mark Leschly, Mike Mahan, Irwin Raij, Tony Robbins, Lon Rosen, Paul Schaeffer, Brandon Schneider, Allen Shapiro, Mark Shapiro, Jason Sugarman, Harry Tsao, and Rick Welts.
In February 2020, LAFC owners began the process of buying out a 20 percent ownership stake held by Malaysian businessman Vincent Tan. The buyout resulted in a $700 million valuation for the club, the largest on record for a Major League Soccer team at the time.
Broadcasting
From 2023, every LAFC match is available via MLS Season Pass on the Apple TV app, in addition to select matches simulcast linearly on Fox or FS1. Prior to this all-streaming deal, LAFC aired matches on a few stations and one other streaming platform.
In 2021 and 2022, all locally broadcast LAFC matches were televised in English by KCOP. Max Bretos served as the team's lead play-by-play announcer
YouTube TV carried live games for the team from 2018 to 2020. It marked the first time that a major U.S. professional sports team sold their regional broadcast rights to an online streaming service rather than a traditional television broadcaster or regional sports network.
Prior to Apple, locally broadcast LAFC matches were televised in Spanish on Estrella TV station KRCA, with Francisco X. Rivera as the lead play-by-play announcer. Regular local radio coverage of LAFC matches is provided in English by KSPN (ESPNLA 710), with Dave Denholm serving as the radio play-by-play announcer. Spanish radio broadcasts are provided by KFWB (980), with Armando Aguayo as the play-by-play announcer. The club also partners with KIRN (670) as part of the station's weekly sports report.
Players and staff
Roster
Out on loan
Coaching staff
Team management
Honors
Team
In 2019, LAFC won their first major MLS trophy, the Supporters' Shield. They won it with a record breaking 72 points in just their second season in existence. In 2022, LAFC won their second Supporters' Shield, becoming the second club to win two shields within their first five seasons (after D.C. United). LAFC capped-off the 2022 season by winning the MLS Cup over the Philadelphia Union.
Players
Head coaches
Records
List of seasons
This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by LAFC. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Los Angeles FC seasons.
1. Avg. attendance include statistics from league matches only.
2. Top goalscorer(s) includes all goals scored in League, MLS Cup Playoffs, U.S. Open Cup, MLS is Back Tournament, CONCACAF Champions League, FIFA Club World Cup, and other competitive continental matches.
Player records
Matches
Goals
Assists
Clean sheets
Development system
Academy
On February 1, 2016, the club announced the founding of the LAFC Academy. The academy is launching with a fully funded U12 USSDA academy team with a roster of 26 players. Todd Saldana currently serves as academy director.
On August 21, 2018, the U-13 squad won the CONCACAF Champions League, as champions of North America.
On July 8, 2020, LAFC signed its first three Homegrown players from the academy in Club history – Tony Leone, Christian Torres and Erik Dueñas.
Affiliates
Orange County SC, competing in the USL Championship, was affiliated with Los Angeles FC as part of a multi-year affiliation agreement with the team that started on December 7, 2016, and ended after the 2018 season. On March 12, 2021, LAFC announced their partnership with USL Championship club Las Vegas Lights.
LAFC launched a reserve team, Los Angeles FC 2 (or LAFC2), for the 2023 season of MLS Next Pro. The team plays at Titan Stadium and is currently coached by Enrique Duran.
References
External links
2014 establishments in California
Association football clubs established in 2014
Major League Soccer teams |
```objective-c
/**
* @file winposix.h
*
* @copyright 2015-2024 Bill Zissimopoulos
*/
/*
* This file is part of WinFsp.
*
* You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
* Foundation.
*
* in accordance with the commercial license agreement provided in
* conjunction with the software. The terms and conditions of any such
* commercial license agreement shall govern, supersede, and render
* ineffective any application of the GPLv3 license to this software,
* notwithstanding of any reference thereto in the software or
* associated repository.
*/
#ifndef WINPOSIX_H_INCLUDED
#define WINPOSIX_H_INCLUDED
#define O_RDONLY _O_RDONLY
#define O_WRONLY _O_WRONLY
#define O_RDWR _O_RDWR
#define O_APPEND _O_APPEND
#define O_CREAT _O_CREAT
#define O_EXCL _O_EXCL
#define O_TRUNC _O_TRUNC
#define PATH_MAX 1024
#define AT_FDCWD -2
#define AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW 2
typedef struct _DIR DIR;
struct dirent
{
struct fuse_stat d_stat;
char d_name[255 * 4];
};
char *realpath(const char *path, char *resolved);
int statvfs(const char *path, struct fuse_statvfs *stbuf);
int open(const char *path, int oflag, ...);
int fstat(int fd, struct fuse_stat *stbuf);
int ftruncate(int fd, fuse_off_t size);
int pread(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte, fuse_off_t offset);
int pwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte, fuse_off_t offset);
int fsync(int fd);
int close(int fd);
int lstat(const char *path, struct fuse_stat *stbuf);
int chmod(const char *path, fuse_mode_t mode);
int lchown(const char *path, fuse_uid_t uid, fuse_gid_t gid);
int lchflags(const char *path, uint32_t flags);
int truncate(const char *path, fuse_off_t size);
int utime(const char *path, const struct fuse_utimbuf *timbuf);
int utimensat(int dirfd, const char *path, const struct fuse_timespec times[2], int flag);
int setcrtime(const char *path, const struct fuse_timespec *tv);
int unlink(const char *path);
int rename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
int lsetxattr(const char *path, const char *name, const void *value, size_t size, int flags);
int lgetxattr(const char *path, const char *name, void *value, size_t size);
int llistxattr(const char *path, char *namebuf, size_t size);
int lremovexattr(const char *path, const char *name);
int mkdir(const char *path, fuse_mode_t mode);
int rmdir(const char *path);
DIR *opendir(const char *path);
int dirfd(DIR *dirp);
void rewinddir(DIR *dirp);
struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dirp);
int closedir(DIR *dirp);
long WinFspLoad(void);
#undef fuse_main
#define fuse_main(argc, argv, ops, data)\
(WinFspLoad(), fuse_main_real(argc, argv, ops, sizeof *(ops), data))
#endif
``` |
John Oscar Dickshot (born John Oscar Dicksus, January 24, 1910 – November 4, 1997), nicknamed "Ugly" Johnny Dickshot, was an American professional baseball left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, the New York Giants, and the Chicago White Sox. His professional career, including the seasons he spent in Minor League Baseball, ran from 1930 to 1947. He received the nickname "Ugly" because he proclaimed himself to be "the ugliest man in baseball" during his career.
From Waukegan, Illinois, Dickshot began playing as a semi-professional and in the minor leagues in the early 1930s. He was scouted and signed by the Pirates in 1934, and they promoted him to the major leagues in 1936. The Pirates gave Dickshot a significant role in 1937, but played him sparingly in 1938. A strong season in the minor leagues in 1939 earned him a brief trial with the Giants. Dickshot played in the minor leagues until the White Sox acquired him for the 1944 and 1945 seasons. He returned to the minor leagues in 1946 and his career ended in 1947.
Early life
John Oscar Dicksus was born in Waukegan, Illinois, on January 24, 1910. He was of German and Lithuanian heritage. His father worked as a foreman in a local steel mill, where the timekeepers misheard his last name, registering him as "Dickshot". The family adopted it as their new surname. He had a sister, Martha, who also played baseball in Waukegan.
When he was young, Dickshot's skull was fractured by older children throwing bottles in his backyard; he lost consciousness for three days and doctors inserted a metal plate in his head. During his youth, Dickshot worked a number of jobs, starting with delivering newspapers when he was in grammar school. He also worked in the steel mill with his father, and spent some of his free time watching the Chicago Cubs play at Wrigley Field.
Dickshot attended Waukegan High School. He did not participate in sports until his senior year, as his father had insisted until then that he should work after school. As a senior, he lettered in baseball, football, basketball, and swimming. In football, Dickshot was named All-State as a halfback. He graduated from high school in 1928.
Career
Early career (1930–1935)
Dickshot began playing professional baseball in 1930 with the Dubuque Tigers of the Class D Mississippi Valley League. He had a .309 batting average in 19 games played with Dubuque. He did not play professionally in 1931, staying in Waukegan to work for his family in the steel mill during the Great Depression as his father had fallen ill. He played semi-professional baseball locally in 1931, and Nick Keller, the Illinois State Representative from Waukegan who also coached the team, scouted Dickshot for the Milwaukee Brewers of the Class AA American Association. The Brewers signed Dickshot to a contract in September 1931, and Dickshot attended spring training with the Brewers in 1932. The Brewers assigned him to the Fort Smith Twins of the Class C Western Association. In July, the Twins relocated to Muskogee, Oklahoma, as the Muskogee Chiefs, and a week later, the Brewers reassigned Dickshot to the Rock Island Islanders of the Mississippi Valley League. Dickshot batted .262 with 11 stolen bases in 71 games for Fort Smith / Muskogee, and batted .264 with 34 stolen bases in 66 games for Rock Island.
Milwaukee exercised its option on Dickshot after the 1932 season, and assigned him to the San Antonio Missions of the Class A Texas League at the start of the 1933 season. Though he was batting .397, the Missions released him in late April to make room on their roster for Larry Bettencourt, and he signed with the Fort Worth Cats of the Texas League. The Cats sent Dickshot to the Waco Bruins of the Class C Dixie League in late-May, but Dickshot refused to report to Waco. He returned to Waukeagan, where he played semi-professional baseball.
A free agent heading into the 1934 season, Dickshot signed with Rock Island, now in the Class A Western League. At the end of May, Dickshot was released by Rock Island, and he signed with Cedar Rapids Raiders, also of the Western League. He batted .343 with 16 home runs and 20 stolen bases for Rock Island and Cedar Rapids. While he played for Cedar Rapids, a scout for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball's National League noticed Dickshot, and signed him. Cedar Rapids sold Dickshot to the Little Rock Travelers of the Class A Southern Association for the 1935 season, and he batted .309 for Little Rock. The Pirates recalled Dickshot to their roster after the 1935 season.
Pittsburgh Pirates (1936–1938)
Dickshot made the Pirates' Opening Day roster for the 1936 season as a reserve outfielder, as Lloyd Waner was recovering from pneumonia. He made his major league debut as a pinch hitter on April 16, and batted 2-for-9 (.222) in nine games for the Pirates. With a May 15 deadline to reduce their roster size, Pittsburgh demoted Dickshot to the Buffalo Bisons of the International League. Dickshot batted .365 for the Bisons, the third-highest average in the league behind only Phil Weintraub and Smead Jolley, and led the International League in stolen bases with 35. After the Bisons won the league's championship, the Pirates promoted Dickshot back to the major leagues. He did not appear in another game for Pittsburgh during the 1936 season.
In spring training with the Pirates in 1937, Dickshot competed with Woody Jensen to be the starting left fielder, and Pie Traynor, the Pirates' manager, chose Dickshot over Jensen. Traynor wanted Dickshot, who was right-handed, in the lineup for balance, as Jensen, Lloyd and Paul Waner, Gus Suhr, and Arky Vaughan all were left-handed batters. Dickshot struggled early in the season and was benched after he dropped a fly ball that cost the Pirates the game on May 23. He was put back in the lineup in late June. Dickshot collided with Vaughan, the shortstop, in a game in July, resulting in Vaughan tearing cartilage in his knee. When Vaughan returned to the Pirates lineup in August, he replaced Dickshot in left field. Dickshot batted .254 with three home runs, but no stolen bases, in 84 games. His .950 fielding percentage was the third-lowest in the National League, ahead of Chuck Klein and Johnny Moore.
After Dickshot's disappointing 1937 season, the Pirates acquired Johnny Rizzo to compete with Dickshot for playing time in left field. Dickshot played sparingly for Pittsburgh in 1938, batting .229 in 29 games, with three stolen bases and no home runs. After the 1938 season, the Pirates traded Dickshot and Al Todd with $30,000 to the Boston Bees for Ray Mueller.
New York Giants and minors (1939–1943)
The Bees gave Dickshot the opportunity to compete to be their starting center fielder in spring training. However, Johnny Cooney, Max West, and Debs Garms, the Bees starting outfielders in the 1938 season, returned for the 1939 season, and the Bees also acquired Al Simmons and Jimmy Outlaw during the offseason. Before the 1939 season began, Dickshot went unclaimed in waivers and the Bees sold him to the Jersey City Giants of the International League.
With Jersey City in 1939, Dickshot won the International League batting championship with a .355 average, and also led the league with 16 triples. He finished in third place in balloting for the International League Most Valuable Player Award, behind Mickey Witek and Estel Crabtree. The New York Giants promoted Dickshot to the major leagues before the end of the 1939 season, and he batted .235 in 10 games for the Giants. The Giants invited Dickshot to spring training in 1940, and he competed with Jo-Jo Moore for playing time. The Giants returned Dickshot to Jersey City for the 1940 season, and he batted .290 for Jersey City that year.
After the 1940 season, the Giants sold Dickshot and Roy Joiner to the Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League (PCL) for $15,000 and the rights to Joe Hoover. Dickshot batted .298 in 1941, and batted .302 in 1942. During the 1943 season, Dickshot had a 33-game hitting streak, which earned him the Helms Athletic Foundation Athlete of the Month Award for May 1943. He finished the season with a .356 batting average, two percentage points behind Andy Pafko for the PCL batting championship. He also finished second to Pafko in the PCL Most Valuable Player Award balloting. Dickshot attributed his success in 1943 to losing during the previous offseason.
Chicago White Sox and later career (1944–1947)
In September 1943, the Chicago White Sox purchased him from Hollywood for $1,500 on a conditional contract for the 1944 season; Chicago would return Dickshot to Hollywood by May 1944 if he did not make the team. Dickshot had been classified as 4-F by the Selective Service System, ruling him ineligible for military service, due to the metal plate in his head. With outfielder Thurman Tucker set to join the United States Navy, and fellow outfielders Wally Moses and Guy Curtright eligible to be drafted, the White Sox added Dickshot, Hal Trosky, and Grey Clarke to add power hitting.
Dickshot had a .253 batting average with two stolen bases and no home runs in 62 games for the White Sox in 1944. The next season, Dickshot batted .302 with 18 stolen bases in 130 games; he also tied Curtright for the team lead with four home runs. His batting average was the third-best in the American League, behind Snuffy Stirnweiss and Tony Cuccinello. However, with major leaguers returning from military service at the end of World War II, the White Sox sold Dickshot back to Hollywood after the season, as they were reportedly looking for outfielders with better defensive skills.
With Hollywood in 1946, Dickshot batted .214 while playing in a reserve role. Hollywood sold him to Milwaukee in May 1946. Dickshot competed for the American Association batting championship with Milwaukee, and finished the season in fifth place with a .326 average. Dickshot played for Milwaukee in 1947. He batted .253 in 37 games, until they released him in June.
"Ugliest man in baseball"
Dickshot often referred to himself as the "ugliest man in baseball" during his career. According to one story told about him, a fan in Little Rock asked to shake Dickshot's hand and approach the stands with him, telling him "I want my wife to see you, so she'll appreciate me". Dickshot had a sense of humor about this, once saying: "Don't mind my looks; I've got personality". When people joked about his looks while he was with the Giants, Dickshot said, "Boys, I'm like a mountain, big, rugged and in my way – beautiful!"
Choosing the "All-Ugly Team" for each league was an annual tradition in minor league baseball, and Dickshot was named to the Southern Association's All-Ugly team in 1935. The next year, Dickshot named the members of the International League's "All-Ugly" team; he chose himself as the left fielder and team captain. When he played for Pittsburgh, the media began to call him "The Ugly Duckling". Mike Ryba named Dickshot to the International League's "All-Ugly" team in 1939. Dickshot continued the tradition in the PCL in 1941 and 1943.
Personal life
Dickshot married Julie (née Kuzmickus) of Waukegan on October 12, 1936. They had one son and four daughters. During the baseball offseasons, Dickshot continued to work in the steel mill in Waukegan. After his retirement, Dickshot operated a tavern in Waukegan called Dickshot's Dugout and organized slowpitch exhibitions.
Dickshot died in his home on November 4, 1997.
Notes
References
External links
Johnny Dickshot Photographs and Tribute Page
1910 births
1997 deaths
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cedar Rapids Raiders players
Chicago White Sox players
Dubuque Tigers players
Fort Worth Cats players
Hollywood Stars players
Jersey City Giants players
Little Rock Travelers players
Major League Baseball left fielders
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Muskogee Chiefs players
New York Giants (NL) players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Rock Island Islanders players
San Antonio Missions players
Sportspeople from Waukegan, Illinois
Baseball players from Lake County, Illinois |
Major General William Estel Potts (December 9, 1935 – February 29, 2004) was a career officer in the United States Army and served as the 22nd Chief of Ordnance for the United States Army Ordnance Corps.
Early life
Potts was born in Nashville, Tennessee, December 9, 1935. He played halfback on his high school football team in Columbia, Tennessee, when it won the state championship. He attended Vanderbilt University on a football scholarship. In 1955, this Vanderbilt team went to the Gator Bowl, where they defeated Auburn. At Vanderbilt, he entered the Reserves Officer Training Corps (ROTC) and graduated with a reserve commission in 1958.
Military career
Upon graduation, Potts joined the Transportation Corps and attended the basic transportation course at Fort Eustis. After a follow-on course at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, he remained at the Ordnance School as commander of the 7th Enlisted Training Company, School Troops. In 1961, he attended Airborne School at Fort Benning, Georgia. In 1962, he received a Master of Education degree from Gonzaga University. Next, he went to Fort Campbell, Kentucky to serve with the 101st Airborne Division. During this tour, he served as the shop officer for the 801st Maintenance Battalion, Company Commander of Company B of the 801st, Company Commander of Company A of the 801st, and finally adjutant and Company Commander for Headquarters, Division Support Command of the 101st Airborne. Potts then went to Vietnam in 1964 as a maintenance and supply advisor attached to I Corps.
Potts returned to Aberdeen Proving Ground as an instructor, and then as Chief of the Mobility Training Department for the Ordnance School. In 1967, by then a major, he was detailed to Monterey, California, to attend the Defense Language Institute as a student of Turkish in preparation for an assignment as the Assistant Military Attache in that country. This course was followed by a six month course in intelligence in Washington. In July 1968, Potts began a highly productive three-and-a-half year tour in Ankara, Turkey. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in July 1970, he was sent to Fort Leavenworth to attend the Command and General Staff course in 1971. Upon completion of his studies in 1972, he went to Korea for service as commander of the 702nd Maintenance Battalion of the 2d Infantry Division.
In 1974, Potts completed a Master's degree in Public Administration at Middle Tennessee State University. Then, he went to Washington, where he served as Chief of the Ordnance/Chemical Assignment Branch, Officer Personnel Directorate, Military Personnel Center at the Pentagon, with a follow-on assignment as the Chief of the Ordnance Branch there. In 1977, he completed the course at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and promoted to colonel. In the next three years, he was successively Logistics Staff Officer in the Readiness Directorate, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics at the Pentagon; Commander, Division Support Command, 82nd Airborne Division; and Executive Officer in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics.
Promoted to brigadier general in April 1981, Potts was then named Deputy Commanding General for Readiness and then Deputy Commanding General for Research and Development at the United States Army Missile Command, Huntsville, Alabama. Following a one year tour as Director of Readiness at the United StatesArmy Materiel Development and Readiness Command in Alexandria, Virginia, Potts received his second star, and in November, 1983, was named commanding general of the Army's Ordnance Center and School at Aberdeen Proving Ground. He was formally appointed to the reconstituted Office of Chief of Ordnance on October 28, 1985, the first to hold that proud and historic position in over twenty-three years.
Potts' tenure as Chief of Ordnance was marked by improvements in unit and individual training, improved methods of identifying and securing the best qualified men and women to serve as Ordnance Officers (including improvements in ROTC training and officer procurement), and the stimulation of interest among Warrant Officer candidates in technical career fields. He also oversaw the development of a full-scale training program for Warrant Officers and the revision of the Ordnance Officer Advanced Course to more accurately reflect the demands being placed upon ordnance leadership in the modern army.
In the area of combat developments, ongoing studies of unit readiness, recovery capabilities, maintenance productivity, support, and readiness, and of support operations plans and concepts posed new challenges to the Ordnance Corps in the school room and in the field. The concept of a master diagnostician who was to provide improved battlefield maintenance support was developed and implemented. The U.S. Army Ordnance Center and School systematically evaluated the performance of its graduates, and incorporated its findings in to the ongoing instructional program. That program was also enhanced by the expansion and upgrading of the Ordnance School's physical plant during Potts' tenure.
The Ordnance Corps was the first of the combat support and service branches of the Army to secure approval of its plans for integration into the Army's new Regimental System in October 1985. General Potts also succeeded in getting a single Ordnance Enlisted Assignment Branch established at the Military Personnel Center at the Pentagon. The Ordnance Center and School also produced increasing quantities of doctrinal literature. Considerable emphasis was placed on standardization, both within Ordnance, in cooperation with other branches of the Army and other services, and to some extent in conjunction with other NATO forces, notably those of Great Britain and West Germany.
In 1986, Potts was transferred to Ankara, Turkey, as Chief, Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey. He retired from the army on July 29, 1986 and entered private business.
He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.
References
External links
1935 births
2004 deaths
Military personnel from Nashville, Tennessee
Vanderbilt University alumni
Gonzaga University alumni
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Middle Tennessee State University alumni
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery |
```xml
import * as React from 'react';
import { Image } from '../Image';
const icon = require('../../assets/chevron-right-icon.png');
export function ChevronRightIcon(props: Partial<React.ComponentProps<typeof Image>>) {
return <Image source={icon} {...props} />;
}
``` |
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