text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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May Emory (born Minnie L. Snyder; November 11, 1880 – October 15, 1948) was an American actress whose name was also seen as Mae Emory.
Biography
Emory was born in Austin, Illinois. She performed in vaudeville, working with her husband on the Keith, Orpheum, and Pantages circuits. On stage, she performed with the Morton Opera Company, including a production of The Tenderfoot at the National Theatre in Boston in 1914. Her Broadway credits included Her Little Highness (1913), The Rose Maid (1912), The Merry Whirl (1910), A Skylark (1910), Ziegfeld Follies of 1908 (1908), A Parisian Model (1908), The Hoyden (1908), and Ziegfeld Follies of 1907 (1907).
Emory and her husband, Harry Gribbon, joined the L-KO Kompany and began making comedy films. She appeared in 28 films between 1915 and 1919. Some of her work from Teddy at the Throttle appears in the 1960 compilation When Comedy Was King.
Personal life
She was married to Harry Gribbon, brother of actor Eddie Gribbon. She is buried next to er husband at Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California.
Selected filmography
That Little Band of Gold (1915)
Life and Moving Pictures (1915)
Love on an Empty Stomach (1915)
A Tale of Twenty Stories (1915)
Mister Flirt in Wrong (1915)
Scandal in the Family (1915)
Avenged by a Fish (1915)
Does Flirting Pay? (1915)
The Idle Rich (1915)
His Father's Footsteps (1915)
The Hunt (1915)
A Movie Star (1916)
Love Will Conquer (1916)
Fido's Fate (1916)
By Stork Delivery (1916)
Caught on a Skyscraper (1916)
His Bread and Butter (1916)
Ambrose's Cup of Woe (1916)
Madcap Ambrose (1916)
A Social Cub (1916)
Vampire Ambrose (1916)
Stars and Bars (1917)
Teddy at the Throttle (1917)
Thirst (1917)
Business Before Honesty (1918)
A Pullman Blunder (1918)
The King of the Kitchen (1918)
Work or Fight (1918)
A Taste of Life (1919)
Footlight Maids (1919)
Welcome Home (1920)
References
External links
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
20th-century American actresses
1880s births
1948 deaths
Vaudeville performers
American stage actresses
Broadway theatre people |
Järvepää is a lake of Estonia.
See also
List of lakes in Estonia
Jarvepaa
Setomaa Parish
Jarvepaa |
Cherkady is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Udupi taluk of Udupi district in Karnataka.
Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Cherkady had a population of 6132 with 2970 males and 3162 females.
Education
R.K.Patkar Higher Primary school (1 to 7 standard classes)
Sharada High School (8 to 10 standard classes )
Geography
Cherkady is surrounded by other villages including Aroor and Nelavara to the west, Kokkarne and Karje to the north, and Suralu and Adapadi to the east.
Culture
Cherkady's ancient temples are Shri Durga Parameshwari temple Kannaru and Halvali Math.
Economy
The village's economy depends on agriculture, poultry and dairy. Most farmers grow paddy and other crops. Youths are attracted to government jobs. Cashew and bidi industries are numerous in the village.
A weekly fair in every Saturday at Pethri allows farmers and other petty merchants to sell their items.
See also
Udupi
Districts of Karnataka
References
External links
http://Udupi.nic.in/
Villages in Udupi district |
The Hawaiian National Party also known as the Young Hawaiian Party, King's Party or Government Party was a political party in Hawaii under King David Kalākaua, formed to support him in the event of a second election held after the death of Lunalilo.
Lunalilo's death led to the Royal Election of 1874. Queen Emma and her party, the Queen Emma Party, unsuccessfully ran against Kalākaua. Following his win in the election, Kalākaua put members of his party in appointed positions and they were a powerful bloc in the kingdom's legislature.
The party emphasized central authority, expanded foreign relations, and a nationalism that stimulated what became known as the First Hawaiian Renaissance. The party was usually associated with government workers.
References
National Party
National Party
National Party
Political parties established in 1873
1873 establishments in Hawaii
Defunct political parties in Oceania
Monarchist parties |
```kotlin
plugins {
java
}
group = "org.gradle.kotlin.dsl.samples.composite-builds"
version = "1.0"
``` |
Zvyagintsevo () is a rural locality () in Klyukvinsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Kursky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:
Geography
The village is located on the Seym River (a left tributary of the Desna), 100 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 9 km east of the district center – the town Kursk, 1.5 km from the selsoviet center – Dolgoye.
Climate
Zvyagintsevo has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Transport
Zvyagintsevo is located 2.5 km from the federal route (Kursk – Voronezh – "Kaspy" Highway; a part of the European route ), on the road of intermunicipal significance (R-298 – Klyukva – Yakunino), 3.5 km from the nearest railway station Konaryovo (railway line Klyukva — Belgorod).
The rural locality is situated 9 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 117 km from Belgorod International Airport and 197 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
References
Notes
Sources
Rural localities in Kursky District, Kursk Oblast |
```go
package server
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"net/http"
"github.com/bradleyfalzon/ghinstallation/v2"
"github.com/google/go-github/v63/github"
)
type NewGitHubClientOption struct {
// Required
PrivateKey []byte
// Required
IntegrationID int
// RepoOwner is required for installation API.
RepoOwner string
// Optional
Client *http.Client
}
func NewGitHubClient(ctx context.Context, opt *NewGitHubClientOption) (*github.Client, error) {
client := opt.Client
if client == nil {
client = http.DefaultClient
}
itr, err := githubAppTransport(ctx, client, opt)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create gh transport: %w", err)
}
client.Transport = itr
return github.NewClient(client), nil
}
func githubAppTransport(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, opt *NewGitHubClientOption) (http.RoundTripper, error) {
if opt.RepoOwner == "" {
return ghinstallation.NewAppsTransport(getTransport(client), int64(opt.IntegrationID), opt.PrivateKey)
}
installationID, err := findInstallationID(ctx, opt)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return ghinstallation.New(getTransport(client), int64(opt.IntegrationID), installationID, opt.PrivateKey)
}
func getTransport(client *http.Client) http.RoundTripper {
if client.Transport != nil {
return client.Transport
}
return http.DefaultTransport
}
func findInstallationID(ctx context.Context, opt *NewGitHubClientOption) (int64, error) {
appCli, err := NewGitHubClient(ctx, &NewGitHubClientOption{
PrivateKey: opt.PrivateKey,
IntegrationID: opt.IntegrationID,
Client: &http.Client{}, // Use different client to get installation.
// Do no set RepoOwner.
})
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
inst, _, err := appCli.Apps.FindUserInstallation(ctx, opt.RepoOwner)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return inst.GetID(), nil
}
``` |
On July 4, 2011, a Missinippi Airways Cessna 208 Caravan passenger aircraft with nine people on board crashed while attempting to take off from Pukatawagan Airport in Manitoba, Canada. One passenger was killed and the other eight occupants were injured.
History of the flight
At around 4PM local time on July 4, the Cessna Caravan was preparing to depart for the return leg of the hour-long daily scheduled flight from The Pas/Grace Lake Airport, Manitoba, to Pukatawagan Airport. On board were a single pilot and eight passengers. After lining up at the start of the gravel runway, the pilot applied full power and commenced take-off.
During the take-off run, the aircraft encountered several soft patches on the runway. The pilot realised that the airspeed had stopped increasing, and rejected the take-off with an estimated of runway remaining. With reverse pitch selected but the engine at idle, the aircraft failed to stop before the end of the runway and rolled down a steep slope, coming to rest in a ravine. The airframe, including the fuel system, was severely damaged by the impact with the up-slope past the ravine, and a post-impact fire ensued almost immediately.
One passenger who was knocked unconscious in the impact could not be extricated from the wreckage and died of smoke inhalation. The pilot and the other seven passengers received minor injuries and were able to return to the terminal building.
Aircraft
The aircraft was a single-engine turboprop Cessna 208B Grand Caravan with registration C-FMCB and manufacturer's serial number 208B-1114. Built in 2005, it was owned by Beaver Air Services and operated by Missinippi Airways.
Aftermath
The investigation led Transport Canada to revoke Missinippi Airways' air operator's certificate, for safety concerns. Without this, it is unable to fly commercial air services in Canada. The air operator's certificate was subsequently reinstated effective September 3, 2011.
On October 21, 2011 at 11:59 pm Transport Canada suspended the Air Operator Certificate again due to deficiencies with the company's Operational Control System after an inspection during the week.
On November 19, 2011 the Air Operator Certificate was again reinstated.
Investigation
An investigation was carried out by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada. The final report was released in June 2012 and found that several factors combined to prevent the aircraft from attaining take-off airspeed, including the soft conditions of the gravel runway following recent rain, the take-off technique adopted by the pilot, which may have caused an increase in the aerodynamic drag, and likely gusty wind conditions.
It was also determined that although the pilot's decision to reject the takeoff was reasonable, it was made at a point from which insufficient runway remained to bring the aircraft to a stop without resulting in a runway excursion. Contributing to the only fatality was the fact that the deceased passenger was not wearing the available shoulder harness, which could have limited the extent of his injuries and the risk of loss of consciousness while the fire was engulfing the wreckage.
As a result of the investigation, Missinippi Airways implemented a new short-field take-off procedure and committed to put greater emphasis on short/soft field take-off and landing training.
References
External links
Missinippi Airways
Missinippi Airways Cessna 208 crash
Missinippi Airways Cessna 208 crash
Airliner accidents and incidents in Canada
Accidents and incidents involving the Cessna 208 Caravan
Missinippi Airways Cessna 208 crash
Missinippi Airways Cessna 208 crash |
Paul de Keyser may refer to:
Paul De Keyser (born 1957), Belgian racing cyclist
Paul de Keyser (violinist) (born 1956), British violinist |
The First Battle of Hanna (Turkish: Felahiye Muharebesi) was a World War I battle fought on the Mesopotamian front on 21 January 1916 between Ottoman Army and Anglo-Indian forces.
Prelude
After the Ottoman Empire's entry into the First World War, Britain dispatched Indian Expeditionary Force D to seize control of the Shatt al Arab and the port of Basra in order to safeguard British oil interests in the Persian Gulf. Eventually, the Anglo-Indian force's mission evolved into the capture of Baghdad. However, despite victories at Qurna, Nasiryeh, and Es Sinn, the primary offensive component of I.E.F. "D", the 6th (Poona) Division withdrew southwards after the Battle of Ctesiphon. The Ottoman forces in the region, reinforced and emboldened by the withdrawal from the gates of Baghdad, pursued the Anglo-Indian force to the town of Kut-al-Amara. Strategically situated at the confluence of the Shatt al-Hayy and the Tigris River, the commander of the Poona Division decided to defend the town.
On 15 December 1915, Ottoman troops had surrounded the Anglo-Indian force of about 10,000 men at the town of Kut-al-Amara. The British commander Major General Charles Townshend called for help, and the commander of the Mesopotamian theatre General Sir John Nixon began assembling a force of 19,000 men to relieve the besieged forces. This relief force, designated as the Tigris Corps, initially consisted of 2 divisions: 3rd (Lahore) Division and 7th (Meerut) Division, as well other units available in the region.
This relief force, commanded by Lieutenant General Fenton Aylmer, suffered two setbacks during its initial January 1916 offensive (see the Battle of Wadi). After these defeats, the relief force (now reduced to around 10,000 men) was ordered once again to attempt to break through the Ottoman lines and continued its movement up the Tigris until it encountered 30,000 men of the Ottoman Sixth Army, under the command of Khalil Pasha, at the Hanna defile, 30 miles downriver of Kut-al-Amara.
Battle
After a short bombardment on 20 and 21 January 1916, the 7th Division charged the Ottoman lines. In an advance across 600 yards of flooded no-man's land, the British sustained 2,700 casualties. The well prepared Ottoman positions, notably the well-sited machine gun nests, forced them to abandon the assault and withdraw the relief force to the base of Ali Gharbi.
Aftermath
Medical care was practically nonexistent, and the night after the attack saw freezing temperatures. Many British wounded suffered unnecessarily, and morale plummeted. The besieged garrison in Kut-al-Amara could hear the distant sound of the fighting relief force, and when it remained distant morale there suffered as well.
Despite two more relief attempts, the garrison at Kut-al-Amara was forced to surrender to the Ottoman forces on 29 April 1916 (see Siege of Kut).
Notes
Battles of the Mesopotamian campaign
Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles of World War I involving British India |
John William Kirwan (died 29 December 1849) was the first President of Queen's College, Galway. Kirwan was a member of one of The Tribes of Galway, and was noted by contemporaries as an outstanding preacher.
Biography
He was appointed parish priest of Kilcummin (Oughterard in 1827, from about which time he had been canvassing for office in a proposed Queen's College for Galway. This was a highly emotive issue in Ireland, as it was felt that the Catholic population could not, and should not, propagate a system of education not endorsed by their clergy.
However, when the bill was eventually passed in 1845, Kirwin immediately travelled to London to argue his case with Sir Robert Peel, who was sufficiently impressed to nominate him. To the shock of much of his community and friends, he was appointed President in October or November 1845. While there was support, it was outweighed by the venom of his critics. Nevertheless, he began with the chairman of the board of works and the commissioner for buildings to inspect sites. A site was selected outside the town, between the Corrib and the Newcastle road; once purchased, construction began.
Meanwhile, personal attacks continued, such as those from the editor of the Catholic weekly, The Tablet, while the Holy See still maintained its opposition to the colleges. At one point in late 1848 Kirwan was distressed enough by events to offer his resignation, but was dissuaded, apparently by the then Archbishop of Armagh, William Crolly, who was a staunch supporter of the scheme.
Nevertheless, the strain took a toll on his health, and he was obliged to spend some months out of the public eye. Problems had emerged with the College's construction, as it became apparent that he would not be completed in time for the formal opening. Matters turned tragic on 22 October 1849 when the contractor, Francis Burke, killed himself in Kirwan's home in Salthill.
Nevertheless, the College opened on 30 October 1849. But Kirwan's precarious health worsened, and he died on 24 December 1849. He was buried in the parish church of Oughterard. A portrait of Kirwan hangs in the board-room of the National University of Ireland, Galway.
References
The Appointment of Revd J.W. Kirwan as First President of Queen's College, Galway, and his Years in Office: 1845-1849, James Mitchell, Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 51, 1999, pp. 1–23.
The Parish church of St. Mary, Oughterard: The Background to Its Construction, with an Account of the Dispute Concerning Title to its Site, James Mitchell, J.G.A.& H.S., Volume 54, 2002, pp. 35–54
1849 deaths
Christian clergy from County Galway
People associated with the University of Galway
19th-century Irish Roman Catholic priests
Year of birth missing |
```javascript
Create projects with `npm init`
Bump package version in npm
List binaries for scripting in npm
`peerDependencies`
Lock down dependency versions by shrinkwrapping
``` |
```python
#!/usr/bin/python
# (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or path_to_url
# This tests the facilities for deleting modules.
import BoostBuild
t = BoostBuild.Tester(pass_toolset=0)
t.write("file.jam", """
module foo
{
rule bar { }
var = x y ;
}
DELETE_MODULE foo ;
if [ RULENAMES foo ]
{
EXIT DELETE_MODULE failed to kill foo's rules: [ RULENAMES foo ] ;
}
module foo
{
if $(var)
{
EXIT DELETE_MODULE failed to kill foo's variables ;
}
rule bar { }
var = x y ;
DELETE_MODULE foo ;
if $(var)
{
EXIT internal DELETE_MODULE failed to kill foo's variables ;
}
if [ RULENAMES foo ]
{
EXIT internal DELETE_MODULE failed to kill foo's rules: [ RULENAMES foo ] ;
}
}
DEPENDS all : xx ;
NOTFILE xx ;
""")
t.run_build_system(["-ffile.jam"], status=0)
t.cleanup()
``` |
Kapsorok is a settlement in Kenya's Rift Valley Province.
References
Populated places in Rift Valley Province |
Myripristis violacea is a species of fish in the family Holocentridae found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean
Mypripristis violacea abides in coral - reefs in shallow, protected water of bays and lagoons. It stays in caves or crevices during daytime and searches for food at night. The known depth range for Myripristis violacea is 1-30m.
References
External links
violacea
Fish described in 1851 |
Eudendrium corrugatum is a marine species of cnidaria, a hydroid (Hydrozoa) in the family Eudendriidae.
References
Eudendrium
Animals described in 1985 |
Laevilitorina wandelensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.
Distribution
Description
The maximum recorded shell length is 3 mm.
Habitat
Minimum recorded depth is 18 m. Maximum recorded depth is 391 m.
References
Warén A. & Hain S. (1996) Description of Zerotulidae fam. nov. (Littorinoidea), with comments on an Antarctic littorinid gastropod. The Veliger 39(4):277-334.
Littorinidae
Gastropods described in 1905 |
Ring of Honor (ROH) is an American professional wrestling promotion based in Jacksonville, Florida. The promotion was founded by Rob Feinstein on February 23, 2002, and was operated by Cary Silkin from 2004 until 2011, when the promotion was sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group.
Throughout the 2010s, ROH was considered the third largest wrestling promotion in the United States, behind WWE and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, initially operating largely on a internet distribution model. Under Sinclair's ownership, ROH began talent-sharing deals with wrestling companies outside the U.S., expanded their television visibility through Sinclair's broadcast stations, and eventually established its own streaming service in 2018 called Honor Club. But 2019 saw the creation and subsequent rise of All Elite Wrestling (AEW), which was formed with large financial backing, secured a major U.S. television deal, and had the ability to run major arenas, thus causing ROH's popularity to decrease. After a deal was struck in March 2022, ROH was officially sold to AEW founder, co-owner, president, and CEO Tony Khan two months later.
History
2002–2011: Formation and early years
In April 2001, the pro wrestling video-distribution company RF Video needed a new promotion to lead its video sales when its best-seller – Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) – went out of business and WWE purchased its assets. RF Video also videotaped events held by other, less-popular, regional wrestling promotions; it sold these through its catalog and website. After months of trying to join Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), RF Video's owner, Rob Feinstein, decided to fill the ECW void by starting his own pro wrestling promotion, and distributing its made-for-DVD/VHS productions exclusively through RF Video. The first event, titled The Era of Honor Begins, took place on February 23, 2002, in Philadelphia, the former home area of ECW. It featured nine matches, including a match between Eddy Guerrero and Super Crazy for the IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship and a triple threat match between Christopher Daniels, Bryan Danielson, and Low Ki (who would become known as the "founding fathers of ROH"). In its first year of operation, Ring of Honor confined itself to staging live events in a limited number of venues and cities – primarily in the northeastern United States. Ten shows ran in Philadelphia, two in Wakefield, Massachusetts; one in metro Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and, one in Queens, New York. In 2003, ROH expanded to other areas of the United States, including Ohio, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Maryland. In Florida, ROH supported Full Impact Pro, which would serve as a sister promotion until 2009. It also began to build its international identity by co-promoting an event with Frontier Wrestling Alliance in London, England on May 17, 2003.
In 2004, Feinstein was caught in an internet-based sting operation, in which he allegedly tried to solicit sex on the internet from a person that he thought to be an underage boy (but was actually an adult, posing as a minor). After this was publicized by some news outlets, Feinstein resigned from ROH in March 2004.
In the aftermath of the scandal, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) ended its talent-sharing agreement with Ring of Honor, abruptly withdrawing all of its contracted wrestlers from their prior commitments to perform in ROH shows—including major ROH draws A.J. Styles and Christopher Daniels, who each either held or were about to hold ROH championships. Doug Gentry eventually bought Feinstein's stake in ROH, and later sold it to Cary Silkin.
ROH then started its own mail-order and online store operations, which sold DVDs of its live events, plus shoot interviews (dubbed The Straight Shootin' Series) with wrestlers and managers, DVDs of SHIMMER (which would serve as a second sister promotion from 2005 to 2010) and even some merchandise from competitors, such as Pro Wrestling Guerrilla. Under Silkin, ROH branched out across the world.
On January 23, 2007, ROH announced plans for a Japanese tour, resulting in a show on July 16 in Tokyo called "Live In Tokyo", co-promoted with Pro Wrestling Noah and a show on July 17 called "Live In Osaka" in Osaka co-promoted with Dragon Gate.
On May 2, 2007, Ring of Honor announced the signing of a PPV and VOD deal with G-Funk Sports & Entertainment to bring ROH into homes with In Demand Networks, TVN, and the Dish Network. The deal called for six taped pay-per-view events to air every 60 days. Because of the move to pay-per-view, TNA Wrestling immediately pulled its contracted stars (Austin Aries, Christopher Daniels, and Homicide) from ROH shows. The first pay-per-view, titled "Respect is Earned", taped on May 12, first aired on July 1 on Dish Network.
Ring of Honor continued to expand throughout 2008, debuting in Orlando, Florida on March 28 for Dragon Gate Challenge II, in Manassas, Virginia on May 9 for Southern Navigation and in Toronto, Ontario on July 25 for Northern Navigation. On May 10, 2008, Ring of Honor set an attendance record in its debut show, A New Level, from the Hammerstein Ballroom in the Manhattan Center in New York City. It had plans for shows in St. Louis, Missouri, Nashville, Tennessee, and Montreal before the end of 2008. On October 26, 2008, the company announced the departure of head booker Gabe Sapolsky, and his replacement by Adam Pearce.
On January 26, 2009, Ring of Honor announced that it had signed an agreement with HDNet Fights for a weekly television program. The first tapings for Ring of Honor Wrestling took place on February 28 and March 1, 2009, at The Arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and series premiered on HDNet on March 21, 2009. After nearly a year of producing weekly television broadcasts, RoH announced on January 20, 2010, that it would commission a new title, the ROH World Television Championship, to be decided in an eight-man tournament beginning February 5, 2010, and ending February 6, 2010, on its Ring of Honor Wrestling program. Due to a blizzard, however, the second half of the tournament did not take place until March 5, 2010, when Eddie Edwards defeated Davey Richards in the finals.
On August 15, 2010, Ring of Honor fired head booker Adam Pearce and replaced him with Hunter Johnston, who wrestles for the company under the ring name Delirious. On September 8, 2010, Ring of Honor and Ohio Valley Wrestling announced a working relationship between the two companies.
On January 11, 2011, Ring of Honor announced the ending of Ring of Honor Wrestling, after the completion of the promotion's two-year contract with HDNet. The final tapings of the show would be taking place on January 21 and 22, with the final episode airing on April 4, 2011.
2011–2019: Acquisition by Sinclair and expansion
On May 21, 2011, Ring of Honor and Sinclair Broadcast Group announced that the broadcast carrier had purchased ROH, with former owner Cary Silkin remaining with the company in an executive role. The promotion's programming began airing the weekend of September 24, 2011, with a relaunched Ring of Honor Wrestling airing on several Sinclair owned-or-operated stations; the show airs primarily on Saturday or Sunday afternoons or late nights, or on prime time on some of Sinclair's CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates (as those networks do not run programming on weekend evenings).
On June 22, Ring of Honor held their first live pay-per-view event, Best in the World, from the Nashville State Fairgrounds in Nashville, Tennessee. In September, Sinclair began syndicating ROH to other stations; the first deal was reached with WATL, a Gannett-owned Atlanta station, which began airing ROH on September 13, 2014.
On October 27, 2014, ROH announced a toy licensing deal with Figures Toy Company, which would see the distribution of action figures based on the Ring of Honor wrestlers, replica title belts and more.
On May 27, 2015, ROH announced a 26-week television deal with Destination America, beginning on June 3.
On December 13, 2015, ROH announced a partnership with Southern California promotion Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG), which would allow ROH contracted wrestlers to continue working for PWG. On August 30, 2016, ROH announced the creation of a new title, the ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Championship. The inaugural champions were crowned in December.
On November 9, 2017, ROH COO Joe Koff announced that ROH would be developing an OTT streaming service, similar to WWE Network and Impact Wrestling's Global Wrestling Network. The service, Honor Club, would be unveiled on February 2, 2018, and launch on February 19. At Final Battle 2017, on December 15, 2017, ROH announced the creation of the Women of Honor Championship, adding its fifth championship and the first for its female roster.
On September 1, 2018, ROH wrestlers Cody Rhodes and The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson) promoted and wrestled at All In – an event that was produced in collaboration with ROH, featuring wrestlers from numerous promotions that drew over 11,000 fans in suburban Chicago. This was the first U.S. pro wrestling event not promoted by WWE or the defunct World Championship Wrestling (WCW) to reach the 10,000 attendance mark since the 1990s. Also in 2018, ROH and longtime partner New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) announced a joint event at Madison Square Garden in New York City called G1 Supercard, which was held on April 6, 2019. The event quickly sold out, and became the biggest and most attended event in ROH history.
2019–2021: Departures, effects of COVID-19, and hiatus
In early 2019, Rhodes, the Bucks, and several other talents left the company to start their own promotion – All Elite Wrestling (AEW). The departure of Ring of Honor's top talent for AEW was viewed by many wrestling journalists and commenters as the beginning of a decline for the promotion in 2019. Much of the criticism focused on the reign of then-ROH World Champion Matt Taven. ROH had fewer PPV buys and a reduced live show attendance that year. According to Dave Meltzer, ROH's average live show attendance in 2019 was 1,082—lower than its averages in 2018 and 2017. In October 2019, ROH producer/road agent Joey Mercury resigned in protest, criticizing ROH for a lack of creative direction as well as having no concussion protocol for wrestlers. Mercury would reveal that ROH allowed then-Women of Honor champion Kelly Klein to wrestle after suffering a concussion during an October 26, 2019, event. Klein sought medical treatment after suffering post-concussion-syndrome symptoms. She would not be booked for the rest of the year and her contract would expire in December.
In January 2020, Ring of Honor re-signed Marty Scurll; the deal was said to be the most lucrative in ROH history. In addition to being a wrestler, Scurll was also made head booker, working with longtime booker Hunter "Delirious" Johnston. Scurll's deal allowed him to continue to make appearances in New Japan Pro-Wrestling and the National Wrestling Alliance, where he began a cross-promotional feud with NWA World Heavyweight Champion Nick Aldis. However, during the Speaking Out Movement, Scurll was accused of taking advantage of a 16-year-old girl who was inebriated. Scurll would release two statements in which he did not deny the allegations, but claimed the encounter was consensual. On June 25, the promotion announced that they launched an investigation concerning the allegations, and Scurll was removed from his position as booker. By January 2021, Ring of Honor announced that Marty Scurll was no longer under contract after the two parties mutually agreed to part ways.
On January 31, 2020, Ring of Honor announced the return of the ROH Pure Championship, with a tournament to crown the first Pure champion since 2006. The following month, the promotion announced another tournament to crown a new ROH Women's World Championship, following the deactivation of the Women of Honor World Championship title. However, in response to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, Ring of Honor would postpone live events beginning in March.
Television tapings for Ring of Honor Wrestling would resume in August at the Chesapeake Employers Insurance Arena (formerly known as the UMBC Event Center) from the promotion's homebase in Maryland but without fans in attendance. New episodes would begin syndication on September 12, with a revamped format, and the beginning of the Pure title tournament. Ten days prior, Ring of Honor launched a Free ad-supported television (FAST) channel on the Sinclair-owned streaming service Stirr called "ROH Best On The Planet". Final Battle would be the promotion's sole pay-per-view event in 2020, while live audiences would return on July 11, 2021, at Best in the World.
On October 27, 2021, Ring of Honor announced that it would go on a hiatus after Final Battle in December, with a return tentatively scheduled for April 2022. All personnel would also be released from their contracts as part of plans to "reimagine" the company as a "fan-focused product". In the interim, the men's and woman's championships were defended at events held by various other promotions, including Impact Wrestling and Jonathan Gresham's new Terminus promotion.
2022–2023: Relaunch and sale to Tony Khan
On January 10, 2022, ROH announced that Supercard of Honor XV would take place at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas, on April 1. These matches will also be seen on Ring of Honor Wrestling. In addition, its been said that Ring of Honor would operate "like an indie", using non-contracted talent.
On the March 2 episode of All Elite Wrestling's live weekly series Dynamite, president and co-founder Tony Khan announced that he had purchased Ring of Honor from Sinclair Broadcast Group, including its brand assets, intellectual property, and video library. Khan also announced that he intends to make the ROH library available to the public in its entirety. It was clarified through a press release issued that night that the acquisition was made through an entity separate from AEW and wholly-owned by Khan. In a media scrum following AEW's Revolution PPV on March 6, Khan revealed that he eventually planned to run ROH separately from AEW, and also indicated that ROH could be used as a developmental brand for AEW.
On April 1 at Supercard of Honor XV, the first ROH event after the hiatus, Jonathan Gresham defeated Bandido in the main event to unify the ROH World Championship, and numerous other ROH titles changed hands. The event also saw the return of former ROH champion, and recently inducted ROH Hall of Famer, Samoa Joe.
On May 4, the sale of ROH to Tony Khan was officially completed. ROH matches began appearing on AEW programs, and Death Before Dishonor was the first ROH PPV under the new ownership. On December 10, after Final Battle, Khan announced that ROH's weekly televised program will be aired on the relaunched Honor Club streaming platform, starting in 2023.
On January 18, 2023, a special episode was taped for Honor Club which served as a tribute show to ROH mainstay Jay Briscoe, who had been killed in a car accident the day before.
On February 25 and 26, new episodes of the relaunched Ring of Honor Wrestling program were taped at Soundstage 21 in Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida. On March 2, the weekly series began to air exclusively through Honor Club.
Features
Code of Honor
ROH distinguishes its image from other wrestling promotions through the "Code of Honor", a set of rules dictating how wrestlers should conduct themselves during matches. The Code of Honor aimed to infuse Ring of Honor's matches with a feel similar to Japanese professional wrestling.
When the promotion began, the Code of Honor included five "Laws" mentioned at some point during each ROH production. ROH considered it a moral requirement to follow these rules, which usually appeared in the following order:
You must shake hands before and after every match
No outside interference
No sneak attacks
No harming the officials
Any action resulting in a disqualification violates the Code of Honor
This initial Code of Honor (COH) (especially its first three rules) helped heels get over more quickly than in other promotions. The first rule applied especially to Christopher Daniels, whom the promotion pushed as its first major heel. Daniels and his faction, The Prophecy, rejected the Code of Honor and refused to shake anyone's hand. The fourth and fifth rules emphasized the finishes of ROH matches – the vast majority of which ended decisively (with clean pinfalls, submissions, or knockouts) – unlike what most rival promotions at the time did. On the rare occasion that a match did end with outside interference, with a "ref bump", or with some other traditional heel scenario, the live audiences reacted much more negatively than rival promotions' live audiences. In ROH's early days, on-air commentators even suggested (within kayfabe) that getting disqualified in a match may result in that wrestler never appearing in ROH again.
In early 2004, ROH's booker at the time, Gabe Sapolsky, began to feel that the Code of Honor had run its course. As a result, wrestlers no longer had to follow it.
The Code of Honor eventually re-appeared – revamped – as the following three rules:
Shake hands before and after the match if you respect your opponent
Keep the playing-field level
Respect the officials
Future of Honor
Future of Honor (FOH) is a series of events featuring the promotion's young wrestlers and trainees from the ROH Dojo. The term "Future of Honor" is additionally used by the promotion to refer to their young wrestlers and graduates from the dojo system (regardless of gender).
Women of Honor
The ROH Women of Honor (WOH) division began in 2002, with women's wrestlers sporadically appearing on ROH events until the division was reformed into a permanent feature of the promotion in 2015. The term "Women of Honor" is additionally used by the promotion to refer to their female wrestlers and other female talent. The current top championship in the Women of Honor division is the ROH Women's World Championship. Previous women's championships used by ROH include the Women of Honor World Championship, the Shimmer Championship, and the Shimmer Tag Team Championship.
ROH Dojo
ROH also runs a professional wrestling school. Originally named the "ROH Wrestling Academy", and based in Bristol, Pennsylvania, ROH announced in July 2016 that the following month it was re-opening the school as the "ROH Dojo" in Baltimore, Maryland. Delirious operates as the head trainer of the school with Cheeseburger and Will Ferrara as his assistants. Previous head trainers of the academy include former ROH World Champions CM Punk, Austin Aries, and Bryan Danielson. From 2005 to 2008, ROH used a "Top of the Class" trophy to promote the students on the main show; while wrestlers win and lose the Trophy in matches, the School's head trainer chooses the winners.
ROH Hall of Fame
On January 26, 2022, the ROH Hall of Fame was introduced inducting the company's first four Hall of Famers plus one due to one induction being a ROH tag team.
International partnerships
Throughout its history, Ring of Honor has had working agreements with various domestic and international wrestling promotions at different times.
ROH shows have had outside championships defended on them and on some occasions, wrestlers have held both ROH and outside championships simultaneously.
In February 2014, ROH and NJPW announced a working relationship which would see talent exchanges and dual events between the two promotions. The first co-promoted shows Global Wars and War of the Worlds, took place in May 2014, in Toronto and New York City respectively, with the two companies again co-promoting these events in May 2015 – with the War of the Worlds '15 taking place at the 2300 Arena in Philadelphia on May 12 and 13, and the Global Wars '15 event in Toronto on May 15 and 16. As part of the relationship with NJPW, ROH announced it would promote two shows, entitled Honor Rising: Japan 2016, in Tokyo in February 2016.
On August 10, 2016, Mexican promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) officially announced a working relationship with ROH. The two promotions were linked through their separate partnerships with NJPW. Their alliance ended on April 27, 2021.
In February 2017, ROH began a partnership with Japanese women's promotion World Wonder Ring Stardom.
In August 2017, ROH partnered with United Kingdom promotion Revolution Pro Wrestling (RPW), producing joint events such as War of the Worlds UK.
In 2018, ROH entered into a partnership with the independent promotion Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG).
In 2019, Maryland based independent promotion MCW Pro Wrestling was made an affiliate of ROH, serving as an additional training ground for ROH recruits.
Championships and accomplishments
Current champions
Men's division
Singles
Tag Team
Women's division
Retired championships
Other accomplishments
Marquee events
Current
Supercard of Honor
Death Before Dishonor
Final Battle
Former
All Star Extravaganza
Best in the World
Bound By Honor
Glory By Honor
Honor Reigns Supreme
Honor United
ROH Anniversary Show
Supershows with NJPW
Global Wars
War of the Worlds
Honor Rising: Japan
G1 Supercard
Supershows with CMLL
Global Wars Espectacular
Summer Supercard
War of the Worlds UK
Tournaments
Pure Tournament
Survival of the Fittest
Tag Wars
Top Prospect Tournament
See also
All Elite Wrestling
List of Ring of Honor pay-per-view events
List of Ring of Honor personnel
Ring of Honor Wrestling
References
External links
Official ROH website
Official ROH Roster website
American professional wrestling promotions
American independent professional wrestling promotions based in Pennsylvania
American independent professional wrestling promotions based in Maryland
Entertainment companies established in 2002
Sinclair Broadcast Group
2002 establishments in Pennsylvania
Professional wrestling in Florida
Professional wrestling in Baltimore
Professional wrestling in Philadelphia
Companies based in Baltimore
Companies based in Jacksonville, Florida
2011 mergers and acquisitions
2022 mergers and acquisitions |
Dick Bell Park is a public park in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, on the southern shore of the Ottawa River. Admission and parking are free. The park is home to the Nepean Sailing Club. The park's area, according to the city, is . The official address of the park is 3259 Carling Avenue, Nepean.
Geographical location
Dick Bell Park is bordered by Carling Avenue to the south, Rocky Point to the west, and Andrew Haydon Park to the east. The border between the two parks is a small stream with a wood and metal bridge.
Naming
The park was named after Dick Bell, a member of the Canadian House of Commons from 1957 to 1963, and again from 1965 to 1968. He served in the Conservative cabinet of Prime Minister John Diefenbaker as Minister of Citizenship and Immigration from 1962 to 1963.
Rules of the park
Cyclists
Cyclists must dismount and must walk their bikes throughout the park.
Curfew
The city bylaw bans activity in the park after 11 pm. That includes leaving your car parked in the lot.
Dogs
Historically, dogs have not been allowed in the park, nor in neighboring Andrew Haydon park. In 2009, the city allowed dogs on a leash as a one-year pilot project. This was to try and solve the "geese problem", which was caused by too many Canada geese in the summer that excrete all over the grass and paths. This rule has since been extended indefinitely. Currently, dogs are allowed on a leash, but "are prohibited from being within five meters of all children's play areas and pools".
References
Parks in Ottawa |
Terence John Quinn CBE FRS is a British physicist, and emeritus director of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, where he was director from 1988 until 2003.
Life
He received a B.Sc. in physics from the University of Southampton in 1959, and D.Phil. from the University of Oxford in 1963.
He was at the National Physical Laboratory until 1977, working with his colleague John Martin.
He was editor of Notes and Records of the Royal Society from 2004 until 2007.
He is on the CODATA Task Group, of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
He won the Richard Glazebrook Medal and Prize in 2003.
References
British physicists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) |
Punctelia subrudecta is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was described as a new species by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander as Parmelia subrudecta. Hildur Krog transferred it to the genus Punctelia in 1982.
References
subrudecta
Lichen species
Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist)
Lichens described in 1886 |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'rails_helper'
describe Admin::SystemCheck::BaseCheck do
subject(:check) { described_class.new(user) }
let(:user) { Fabricate(:user) }
describe 'skip?' do
it 'returns false' do
expect(check.skip?).to be false
end
end
describe 'pass?' do
it 'raises not implemented error' do
expect { check.pass? }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
end
end
describe 'message' do
it 'raises not implemented error' do
expect { check.message }.to raise_error(NotImplementedError)
end
end
end
``` |
```groff
ERLANG PUBLIC LICENSE Version 1.1
1. Definitions.
1.1. ``Contributor'' means each entity that creates or contributes to the creation of Modifications.
1.2. ``Contributor Version'' means the combination of the Original Code, prior Modifications used by a Contributor, and the Modifications made by that particular Contributor.
1.3. ``Covered Code'' means the Original Code or Modifications or the combination of the Original Code and Modifications, in each case including portions thereof.
1.4. ``Electronic Distribution Mechanism'' means a mechanism generally accepted in the software development community for the electronic transfer of data.
1.5. ``Executable'' means Covered Code in any form other than Source Code.
1.6. ``Initial Developer'' means the individual or entity identified as the Initial Developer in the Source Code notice required by Exhibit A.
1.9. ``Modifications'' means any addition to or deletion from the substance or structure of either the Original Code or any previous Modifications. When Covered Code is released as a series of files, a Modification is:
A. Any addition to or deletion from the contents of a file containing Original Code or previous Modifications.
B. Any new file that contains any part of the Original Code or previous Modifications.
1.11. ``Source Code'' means the preferred form of the Covered Code for making modifications to it, including all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, scripts used to control compilation and installation of an Executable, or a list of source code differential comparisons against either the Original Code or another well known, available Covered Code of the Contributor's choice. The Source Code can be in a compressed or archival form, provided the appropriate decompression or de-archiving software is widely available for no charge.
2.1. The Initial Developer Grant. The Initial Developer hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license, subject to third party intellectual property claims:
(a) to use, reproduce, modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Original Code (or portions thereof) with or without Modifications, or as part of a Larger Work; and
(b) under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by Initial Developer, to make, have made, use and sell (``Utilize'') the Original Code (or portions thereof), but solely to the extent that any such patent is reasonably necessary to enable You to Utilize the Original Code (or portions thereof) and not to any greater extent that may be necessary to Utilize further Modifications or combinations.
2.2. Contributor Grant. Each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license, subject to third party intellectual property claims:
(a) to use, reproduce, modify, display, perform, sublicense and distribute the Modifications created by such Contributor (or portions thereof) either on an unmodified basis, with other Modifications, as Covered Code or as part of a Larger Work; and
(b) under patents now or hereafter owned or controlled by Contributor, to Utilize the Contributor Version (or portions thereof), but solely to the extent that any such patent is reasonably necessary to enable You to Utilize the Contributor Version (or portions thereof), and not to any greater extent that may be necessary to Utilize further Modifications or combinations.
3. Distribution Obligations.
3.3. Description of Modifications. You must cause all Covered Code to which you contribute to contain a file documenting the changes You made to create that Covered Code and the date of any change. You must include a prominent statement that the Modification is derived, directly or indirectly, from Original Code provided by the Initial Developer and including the name of the Initial Developer in (a) the Source Code, and (b) in any notice in an Executable version or related documentation in which You describe the origin or ownership of the Covered Code.
3.4. Intellectual Property Matters
(b) Contributor APIs. If Your Modification is an application programming interface and You own or control patents which are reasonably necessary to implement that API, you must also include this information in the LEGAL file.
6. CONNECTION TO MOZILLA PUBLIC LICENSE
7. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY.
COVERED CODE IS PROVIDED UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN ``AS IS'' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES THAT THE COVERED CODE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, MERCHANTABLE, FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGING. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE COVERED CODE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD ANY COVERED CODE PROVE DEFECTIVE IN ANY RESPECT, YOU (NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE. NO USE OF ANY COVERED CODE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER THIS DISCLAIMER.
8. TERMINATION.
9. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
Any utilization of Covered Code shall not cause the Initial Developer or any Contributor to be liable for any damages (neither direct nor indirect).
10. MISCELLANEOUS
EXHIBIT A.
``` |
Sentimental Sing Along with Mitch is an album by Mitch Miller & The Gang. It was released in 1960 on the Columbia label (catalog nos. CL-1457 and CS-8251).
The album debuted on Billboard magazine's popular albums chart on June 27, 1960, peaked at No. 5, and remained on that chart for 32 weeks. It was certified as a gold record by the RIAA.
Track listing
Side 1
Medley: "Singin' In The Rain", "All I Do Is Dream Of You", and "Toot, Toot, Tootsie! (Goodbye)" [3:19]
The Gang That Sang "Heart Of My Heart" (B. Ryan) {2:32]
Medley: "Little Annie Rooney" and "Hello! My Baby" [2:32]
Medley: "Our Boys Will Shine Tonight" and "Give My Regards To Broadway" [2:13]
Medley: "While Strolling Through The Park One Day" and "Ida" [2:08]
"When The Saints Come Marching In"
Side 2
"Jeannine (I Dream Of Lilac Time)" (N. Shilkret, L.W. Gilbert) [2:50]
"Just A-Wearyin' For You" (C. Jacobs-Bond, F.L. Stanton) [3:38]
"I'll See You In My Dreams" (G. Kahn, I. Jones) [2:53]
"When I Grow Too Old To Dream" (O. Hammerstein II, S. Romberg) [2:52]
"Jeanie With The Light Brown Hair" (S. Foster) [4:14]
"Three O'Clock In The Morning" (D. Terriss, J. Robledo) [2:33]
References
1960 albums
Columbia Records albums
Mitch Miller albums |
```emacs lisp
;;; srecode.el --- Semantic buffer evaluator.
;; Author: Eric M. Ludlam <zappo@gnu.org>
;; Keywords: codegeneration
;; Version: 1.2
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <path_to_url
;;; Commentary:
;;
;; Semantic does the job of converting source code into useful tag
;; information. The set of `semantic-format-tag' functions has one
;; function that will create a prototype of a tag, which has severe
;; issues of complexity (in the format tag file itself) and inaccuracy
;; (for the purpose of C++ code.)
;;
;; Contemplation of the simplistic problem within the scope of
;; semantic showed that the solution was more complex than could
;; possibly be handled in semantic/format.el. Semantic Recode, or
;; srecode is a rich API for generating code out of semantic tags, or
;; recoding the tags.
;;
;; See the srecode manual for specific details.
(require 'eieio)
(require 'mode-local)
(load "srecode/loaddefs" nil 'nomessage)
(defvar srecode-version "1.2"
"Current version of the Semantic Recoder.")
;;; Code:
(defgroup srecode nil
"Semantic Recoder."
:group 'extensions
:group 'tools)
(provide 'srecode)
;;; srecode.el ends here
``` |
```c++
// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
// or copy at path_to_url
#include <boost/math/policies/policy.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp>
#define BOOST_TEST_MAIN
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp> // for test_main
#include <iostream>
template <class P1, class P2>
bool check_same(const P1&, const P2&)
{
if(!boost::is_same<P1, P2>::value)
{
std::cout << "P1 = " << typeid(P1).name() << std::endl;
std::cout << "P2 = " << typeid(P2).name() << std::endl;
}
return boost::is_same<P1, P2>::value;
}
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
{
using namespace boost::math::policies;
using namespace boost;
BOOST_CHECK(is_domain_error<domain_error<ignore_error> >::value);
BOOST_CHECK(0 == is_domain_error<pole_error<ignore_error> >::value);
BOOST_CHECK(is_pole_error<pole_error<ignore_error> >::value);
BOOST_CHECK(0 == is_pole_error<domain_error<ignore_error> >::value);
BOOST_CHECK(is_digits10<digits10<ignore_error> >::value);
BOOST_CHECK(0 == is_digits10<digits2<ignore_error> >::value);
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<>::domain_error_type, domain_error<BOOST_MATH_DOMAIN_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<>::evaluation_error_type, evaluation_error<BOOST_MATH_EVALUATION_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::domain_error_type, domain_error<ignore_error> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::pole_error_type, pole_error<BOOST_MATH_POLE_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::overflow_error_type, overflow_error<BOOST_MATH_OVERFLOW_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::underflow_error_type, underflow_error<BOOST_MATH_UNDERFLOW_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::denorm_error_type, denorm_error<BOOST_MATH_DENORM_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::evaluation_error_type, evaluation_error<BOOST_MATH_EVALUATION_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, indeterminate_result_error<BOOST_MATH_INDETERMINATE_RESULT_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<domain_error<ignore_error> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::pole_error_type, pole_error<user_error> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::overflow_error_type, overflow_error<BOOST_MATH_OVERFLOW_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::underflow_error_type, underflow_error<BOOST_MATH_UNDERFLOW_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::denorm_error_type, denorm_error<BOOST_MATH_DENORM_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::evaluation_error_type, evaluation_error<BOOST_MATH_EVALUATION_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, indeterminate_result_error<BOOST_MATH_INDETERMINATE_RESULT_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<pole_error<user_error> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::overflow_error_type, overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::underflow_error_type, underflow_error<BOOST_MATH_UNDERFLOW_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::denorm_error_type, denorm_error<BOOST_MATH_DENORM_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::evaluation_error_type, evaluation_error<BOOST_MATH_EVALUATION_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, indeterminate_result_error<BOOST_MATH_INDETERMINATE_RESULT_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<overflow_error<errno_on_error> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::underflow_error_type, underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::denorm_error_type, denorm_error<BOOST_MATH_DENORM_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::evaluation_error_type, evaluation_error<BOOST_MATH_EVALUATION_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, indeterminate_result_error<BOOST_MATH_INDETERMINATE_RESULT_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<underflow_error<errno_on_error> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::underflow_error_type, policy<>::underflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::denorm_error_type, denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::evaluation_error_type, evaluation_error<BOOST_MATH_EVALUATION_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, indeterminate_result_error<BOOST_MATH_INDETERMINATE_RESULT_ERROR_POLICY> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<denorm_error<errno_on_error> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::underflow_error_type, policy<>::underflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::denorm_error_type, policy<>::denorm_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::evaluation_error_type, evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, policy<>::indeterminate_result_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<evaluation_error<errno_on_error> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::underflow_error_type, policy<>::underflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::denorm_error_type, policy<>::denorm_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::evaluation_error_type, policy<>::evaluation_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<indeterminate_result_error<ignore_error> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::underflow_error_type, policy<>::underflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::denorm_error_type, policy<>::denorm_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::evaluation_error_type, policy<>::evaluation_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, policy<>::indeterminate_result_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::precision_type, digits2<20> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<digits2<20> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::underflow_error_type, policy<>::underflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::denorm_error_type, policy<>::denorm_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::evaluation_error_type, policy<>::evaluation_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, policy<>::indeterminate_result_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::promote_float_type, promote_float<false> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_float<false> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::underflow_error_type, policy<>::underflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::denorm_error_type, policy<>::denorm_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::evaluation_error_type, policy<>::evaluation_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, policy<>::indeterminate_result_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::promote_double_type, promote_double<false> >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<promote_double<false> >::discrete_quantile_type, policy<>::discrete_quantile_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::domain_error_type, policy<>::domain_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::pole_error_type, policy<>::pole_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::overflow_error_type, policy<>::overflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::underflow_error_type, policy<>::underflow_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::denorm_error_type, policy<>::denorm_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::evaluation_error_type, policy<>::evaluation_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::indeterminate_result_error_type, policy<>::indeterminate_result_error_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::precision_type, policy<>::precision_type >::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::promote_float_type, policy<>::promote_float_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::promote_double_type, policy<>::promote_double_type>::value));
BOOST_CHECK((is_same<policy<discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::discrete_quantile_type, discrete_quantile<integer_round_up> >::value));
} // BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
``` |
Isaac Clarke (1824 - 5 April 1875) was a Welsh 19th century newspaper proprietor, printer and publisher. He published the National Anthem of Wales: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau ('Land of my Fathers').
According to his baptism records was baptised on 24 April 1824 in Mold Parish Church Clarke ; his parents were Robert and Ruth Clarke who lived in the township of Leeswood (Coed-llai) which at that time was in the parish of Mold where his father was a farmer. Clarke did not follow in his fathers footsteps instead he learned his printing skills with Hugh Jones of Mold. In 1845 he left Jones to become an overseer at a small printing establishment in Ruthin owned by Nathan Maddocks and later his widow Mrs Jane Maddocks. Clarke lived and worked in Ruthin from 1845 until his death in 1875 where his printing shop overlooked the Wynnstay Arms Hotel. In about 1850 he set up his own business at 6 Well St, Ruthin, now run as 'Siop Nain'.
His memorial is at Collegiate and Parochial Church of St Peter, Ruthin which mentions that he died at the age of 51 on 5 April 1875.
Hen Wlad fy Nhadau
The anthem was written by Evan James with the music by his son James James (1833-1902) and printed at 6 Well St now Siop Nain by Isaac Clarke in a book, "Gems of Welsh Melody", in 1860.
It was sung for the first time at Tabor chapel in Maesteg, South Wales in January 1856 by Elizabeth John. The tune was originally included in a collection by James James' called "Llyfr Tonau Iago ap Iago" which he had entered for a competition at the National Eisteddfod in Llangollen in 1858. The collection didn't win the competition, but was later included in an 1860 volume named "Gems of Welsh Melody" by Owain Alaw. Owain had been the adjudicator of the Llangollen Eisteddfod competition and gave it the title "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" (Land of my Fathers). The song, later became the first Welsh language song to be put on vinyl, sung by Madge Breese and recorded by the Gramophone Company on 11 March 1899.
In 1860 Isaac Clarke also published the first editions of "Oriau'r Hwyr"and "Oriau'r Boreu" by Mr J. Ceriog Hughes subsequently publishing further 5 editions of these books. Also that year 4 years after its composition Owain Alaw wrote to James Jams asking permission to publish the song in one of his forthcoming collection of "Gems Of Welsh Melody " of which Owain Alaw was to be the sole editor and arranger of music. Permission was granted but the result was disappointing to James James as Alaw slightly altered the original melody. This alteration no doubt, helped to gain its great popularity
Works
In 1845 Clarke left Jones to become an overseer at a small printing establishment in Ruthin owned by Nathan Maddocks, then later his widow Jane Maddocks. Clarke lived and worked in Ruthin from 1845 until his death in 1875. In about 1850 he set up his own business at 6 Well Street, Ruthin (today's "Siop Nain").
It is also said that Clarke spotted the talents of the young poet John Ceiriog Hughes.
His first book was a volume of poetic works by John Blackwell (Alun) Ceinion Alun, which he published in 1851; in 1860 he published Ceiriog's first volume of poetry, Oriau'r Hwyr, of which nearly 30,000 copies were sold. The copyright of Ceinion Alun was bought by Blackwell's only sister Tabitha Kirkham of Llanrhydd Street, Ruthin who owned a small farmstead and sold milk in the town.
The Gems Of Welsh melody is the publication for which Isaac Clarke is mainly remembered. There were four volumes in the series, published in August 1860, 1861, 1862, and in 1864. Clarke purchased special "music types" and he was helped by the musician and printer Benjamin Morris Williams (1832–1903), from Bethesda, a choral conductor in Ruthin and Denbigh.
Clarke then moved to a new printing shop (probably the "Vale Insurance" premises) which overlooked the Wynnstay Arms Hotel. Two of his apprentices, both from Llanfwrog, were Lewis Jones (1835–1915), and Isaac Foulkes who went on to publish their own work. Foulkes founded, owned and edited Y Cymro which was first published on 22 May 1890 and remains in circulation.
He also published most of J. D. Jones's books on music, his songs, and his cantata "Llys Arthur" which was performed at the 1868 Ruthin National Eisteddfod. Clarke produced all the printing for the Eisteddfod.
Death
Clarke died in 1875 and is buried in St Peters Church Cemetery with his infant son, Arthur, who died ten years earlier. On the tombstone is recorded "In affectionate memory of Arthur, infant son of Isaac and Catherine Clarke, born May 1st, 1864, died March 8th 1865. Also the above mentioned Isaac Clarke, stationer, who died April 5th, 1875 aged 51. Also the above named Catherine Clarke, who died June 27th 1891, aged 66 years." She died in Aberystwyth.
See also
Isaac Foulkes, publisher of Y Cymro newspaper
References
British publishers (people)
1824 births
1875 deaths
19th-century British businesspeople
People from Ruthin |
```forth
*> \brief <b> CGGES computes the eigenvalues, the Schur form, and, optionally, the matrix of Schur vectors for GE matrices</b>
*
* =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
*
* Online html documentation available at
* path_to_url
*
*> \htmlonly
*> Download CGGES + dependencies
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TGZ]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [ZIP]</a>
*> <a href="path_to_url">
*> [TXT]</a>
*> \endhtmlonly
*
* Definition:
* ===========
*
* SUBROUTINE CGGES( JOBVSL, JOBVSR, SORT, SELCTG, N, A, LDA, B, LDB,
* SDIM, ALPHA, BETA, VSL, LDVSL, VSR, LDVSR, WORK,
* LWORK, RWORK, BWORK, INFO )
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
* CHARACTER JOBVSL, JOBVSR, SORT
* INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDB, LDVSL, LDVSR, LWORK, N, SDIM
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
* LOGICAL BWORK( * )
* REAL RWORK( * )
* COMPLEX A( LDA, * ), ALPHA( * ), B( LDB, * ),
* $ BETA( * ), VSL( LDVSL, * ), VSR( LDVSR, * ),
* $ WORK( * )
* ..
* .. Function Arguments ..
* LOGICAL SELCTG
* EXTERNAL SELCTG
* ..
*
*
*> \par Purpose:
* =============
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> CGGES computes for a pair of N-by-N complex nonsymmetric matrices
*> (A,B), the generalized eigenvalues, the generalized complex Schur
*> form (S, T), and optionally left and/or right Schur vectors (VSL
*> and VSR). This gives the generalized Schur factorization
*>
*> (A,B) = ( (VSL)*S*(VSR)**H, (VSL)*T*(VSR)**H )
*>
*> where (VSR)**H is the conjugate-transpose of VSR.
*>
*> Optionally, it also orders the eigenvalues so that a selected cluster
*> of eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal blocks of the upper
*> triangular matrix S and the upper triangular matrix T. The leading
*> columns of VSL and VSR then form an unitary basis for the
*> corresponding left and right eigenspaces (deflating subspaces).
*>
*> (If only the generalized eigenvalues are needed, use the driver
*> CGGEV instead, which is faster.)
*>
*> A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar w
*> or a ratio alpha/beta = w, such that A - w*B is singular. It is
*> usually represented as the pair (alpha,beta), as there is a
*> reasonable interpretation for beta=0, and even for both being zero.
*>
*> A pair of matrices (S,T) is in generalized complex Schur form if S
*> and T are upper triangular and, in addition, the diagonal elements
*> of T are non-negative real numbers.
*> \endverbatim
*
* Arguments:
* ==========
*
*> \param[in] JOBVSL
*> \verbatim
*> JOBVSL is CHARACTER*1
*> = 'N': do not compute the left Schur vectors;
*> = 'V': compute the left Schur vectors.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] JOBVSR
*> \verbatim
*> JOBVSR is CHARACTER*1
*> = 'N': do not compute the right Schur vectors;
*> = 'V': compute the right Schur vectors.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] SORT
*> \verbatim
*> SORT is CHARACTER*1
*> Specifies whether or not to order the eigenvalues on the
*> diagonal of the generalized Schur form.
*> = 'N': Eigenvalues are not ordered;
*> = 'S': Eigenvalues are ordered (see SELCTG).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] SELCTG
*> \verbatim
*> SELCTG is a LOGICAL FUNCTION of two COMPLEX arguments
*> SELCTG must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling subroutine.
*> If SORT = 'N', SELCTG is not referenced.
*> If SORT = 'S', SELCTG is used to select eigenvalues to sort
*> to the top left of the Schur form.
*> An eigenvalue ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) is selected if
*> SELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) is true.
*>
*> Note that a selected complex eigenvalue may no longer satisfy
*> SELCTG(ALPHA(j),BETA(j)) = .TRUE. after ordering, since
*> ordering may change the value of complex eigenvalues
*> (especially if the eigenvalue is ill-conditioned), in this
*> case INFO is set to N+2 (See INFO below).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] N
*> \verbatim
*> N is INTEGER
*> The order of the matrices A, B, VSL, and VSR. N >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] A
*> \verbatim
*> A is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDA, N)
*> On entry, the first of the pair of matrices.
*> On exit, A has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
*> form S.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDA
*> \verbatim
*> LDA is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of A. LDA >= max(1,N).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] B
*> \verbatim
*> B is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDB, N)
*> On entry, the second of the pair of matrices.
*> On exit, B has been overwritten by its generalized Schur
*> form T.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDB
*> \verbatim
*> LDB is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of B. LDB >= max(1,N).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] SDIM
*> \verbatim
*> SDIM is INTEGER
*> If SORT = 'N', SDIM = 0.
*> If SORT = 'S', SDIM = number of eigenvalues (after sorting)
*> for which SELCTG is true.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] ALPHA
*> \verbatim
*> ALPHA is COMPLEX array, dimension (N)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] BETA
*> \verbatim
*> BETA is COMPLEX array, dimension (N)
*> On exit, ALPHA(j)/BETA(j), j=1,...,N, will be the
*> generalized eigenvalues. ALPHA(j), j=1,...,N and BETA(j),
*> j=1,...,N are the diagonals of the complex Schur form (A,B)
*> output by CGGES. The BETA(j) will be non-negative real.
*>
*> Note: the quotients ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) may easily over- or
*> underflow, and BETA(j) may even be zero. Thus, the user
*> should avoid naively computing the ratio alpha/beta.
*> However, ALPHA will be always less than and usually
*> comparable with norm(A) in magnitude, and BETA always less
*> than and usually comparable with norm(B).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] VSL
*> \verbatim
*> VSL is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVSL,N)
*> If JOBVSL = 'V', VSL will contain the left Schur vectors.
*> Not referenced if JOBVSL = 'N'.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDVSL
*> \verbatim
*> LDVSL is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the matrix VSL. LDVSL >= 1, and
*> if JOBVSL = 'V', LDVSL >= N.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] VSR
*> \verbatim
*> VSR is COMPLEX array, dimension (LDVSR,N)
*> If JOBVSR = 'V', VSR will contain the right Schur vectors.
*> Not referenced if JOBVSR = 'N'.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDVSR
*> \verbatim
*> LDVSR is INTEGER
*> The leading dimension of the matrix VSR. LDVSR >= 1, and
*> if JOBVSR = 'V', LDVSR >= N.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] WORK
*> \verbatim
*> WORK is COMPLEX array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
*> On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LWORK
*> \verbatim
*> LWORK is INTEGER
*> The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,2*N).
*> For good performance, LWORK must generally be larger.
*>
*> If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
*> only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
*> this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
*> message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] RWORK
*> \verbatim
*> RWORK is REAL array, dimension (8*N)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] BWORK
*> \verbatim
*> BWORK is LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
*> Not referenced if SORT = 'N'.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] INFO
*> \verbatim
*> INFO is INTEGER
*> = 0: successful exit
*> < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
*> =1,...,N:
*> The QZ iteration failed. (A,B) are not in Schur
*> form, but ALPHA(j) and BETA(j) should be correct for
*> j=INFO+1,...,N.
*> > N: =N+1: other than QZ iteration failed in CHGEQZ
*> =N+2: after reordering, roundoff changed values of
*> some complex eigenvalues so that leading
*> eigenvalues in the Generalized Schur form no
*> longer satisfy SELCTG=.TRUE. This could also
*> be caused due to scaling.
*> =N+3: reordering failed in CTGSEN.
*> \endverbatim
*
* Authors:
* ========
*
*> \author Univ. of Tennessee
*> \author Univ. of California Berkeley
*> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver
*> \author NAG Ltd.
*
*> \ingroup gges
*
* =====================================================================
SUBROUTINE CGGES( JOBVSL, JOBVSR, SORT, SELCTG, N, A, LDA, B,
$ LDB,
$ SDIM, ALPHA, BETA, VSL, LDVSL, VSR, LDVSR, WORK,
$ LWORK, RWORK, BWORK, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK driver routine --
* -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
* -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
CHARACTER JOBVSL, JOBVSR, SORT
INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDB, LDVSL, LDVSR, LWORK, N, SDIM
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
LOGICAL BWORK( * )
REAL RWORK( * )
COMPLEX A( LDA, * ), ALPHA( * ), B( LDB, * ),
$ BETA( * ), VSL( LDVSL, * ), VSR( LDVSR, * ),
$ WORK( * )
* ..
* .. Function Arguments ..
LOGICAL SELCTG
EXTERNAL SELCTG
* ..
*
* =====================================================================
*
* .. Parameters ..
REAL ZERO, ONE
PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0E0, ONE = 1.0E0 )
COMPLEX CZERO, CONE
PARAMETER ( CZERO = ( 0.0E0, 0.0E0 ),
$ CONE = ( 1.0E0, 0.0E0 ) )
* ..
* .. Local Scalars ..
LOGICAL CURSL, ILASCL, ILBSCL, ILVSL, ILVSR, LASTSL,
$ LQUERY, WANTST
INTEGER I, ICOLS, IERR, IHI, IJOBVL, IJOBVR, ILEFT,
$ ILO, IRIGHT, IROWS, IRWRK, ITAU, IWRK, LWKMIN,
$ LWKOPT
REAL ANRM, ANRMTO, BIGNUM, BNRM, BNRMTO, EPS, PVSL,
$ PVSR, SMLNUM
* ..
* .. Local Arrays ..
INTEGER IDUM( 1 )
REAL DIF( 2 )
* ..
* .. External Subroutines ..
EXTERNAL CGEQRF, CGGBAK, CGGBAL, CGGHRD, CHGEQZ,
$ CLACPY,
$ CLASCL, CLASET, CTGSEN, CUNGQR, CUNMQR, XERBLA
* ..
* .. External Functions ..
LOGICAL LSAME
INTEGER ILAENV
REAL CLANGE, SLAMCH, SROUNDUP_LWORK
EXTERNAL LSAME, ILAENV, CLANGE, SLAMCH,
$ SROUNDUP_LWORK
* ..
* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
INTRINSIC MAX, SQRT
* ..
* .. Executable Statements ..
*
* Decode the input arguments
*
IF( LSAME( JOBVSL, 'N' ) ) THEN
IJOBVL = 1
ILVSL = .FALSE.
ELSE IF( LSAME( JOBVSL, 'V' ) ) THEN
IJOBVL = 2
ILVSL = .TRUE.
ELSE
IJOBVL = -1
ILVSL = .FALSE.
END IF
*
IF( LSAME( JOBVSR, 'N' ) ) THEN
IJOBVR = 1
ILVSR = .FALSE.
ELSE IF( LSAME( JOBVSR, 'V' ) ) THEN
IJOBVR = 2
ILVSR = .TRUE.
ELSE
IJOBVR = -1
ILVSR = .FALSE.
END IF
*
WANTST = LSAME( SORT, 'S' )
*
* Test the input arguments
*
INFO = 0
LQUERY = ( LWORK.EQ.-1 )
IF( IJOBVL.LE.0 ) THEN
INFO = -1
ELSE IF( IJOBVR.LE.0 ) THEN
INFO = -2
ELSE IF( ( .NOT.WANTST ) .AND.
$ ( .NOT.LSAME( SORT, 'N' ) ) ) THEN
INFO = -3
ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -5
ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -7
ELSE IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -9
ELSE IF( LDVSL.LT.1 .OR. ( ILVSL .AND. LDVSL.LT.N ) ) THEN
INFO = -14
ELSE IF( LDVSR.LT.1 .OR. ( ILVSR .AND. LDVSR.LT.N ) ) THEN
INFO = -16
END IF
*
* Compute workspace
* (Note: Comments in the code beginning "Workspace:" describe the
* minimal amount of workspace needed at that point in the code,
* as well as the preferred amount for good performance.
* NB refers to the optimal block size for the immediately
* following subroutine, as returned by ILAENV.)
*
IF( INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN
LWKMIN = MAX( 1, 2*N )
LWKOPT = MAX( 1, N + N*ILAENV( 1, 'CGEQRF', ' ', N, 1, N,
$ 0 ) )
LWKOPT = MAX( LWKOPT, N +
$ N*ILAENV( 1, 'CUNMQR', ' ', N, 1, N, -1 ) )
IF( ILVSL ) THEN
LWKOPT = MAX( LWKOPT, N +
$ N*ILAENV( 1, 'CUNGQR', ' ', N, 1, N, -1 ) )
END IF
WORK( 1 ) = SROUNDUP_LWORK(LWKOPT)
*
IF( LWORK.LT.LWKMIN .AND. .NOT.LQUERY )
$ INFO = -18
END IF
*
IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
CALL XERBLA( 'CGGES ', -INFO )
RETURN
ELSE IF( LQUERY ) THEN
RETURN
END IF
*
* Quick return if possible
*
IF( N.EQ.0 ) THEN
SDIM = 0
RETURN
END IF
*
* Get machine constants
*
EPS = SLAMCH( 'P' )
SMLNUM = SLAMCH( 'S' )
BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
SMLNUM = SQRT( SMLNUM ) / EPS
BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
*
* Scale A if max element outside range [SMLNUM,BIGNUM]
*
ANRM = CLANGE( 'M', N, N, A, LDA, RWORK )
ILASCL = .FALSE.
IF( ANRM.GT.ZERO .AND. ANRM.LT.SMLNUM ) THEN
ANRMTO = SMLNUM
ILASCL = .TRUE.
ELSE IF( ANRM.GT.BIGNUM ) THEN
ANRMTO = BIGNUM
ILASCL = .TRUE.
END IF
*
IF( ILASCL )
$ CALL CLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, ANRM, ANRMTO, N, N, A, LDA, IERR )
*
* Scale B if max element outside range [SMLNUM,BIGNUM]
*
BNRM = CLANGE( 'M', N, N, B, LDB, RWORK )
ILBSCL = .FALSE.
IF( BNRM.GT.ZERO .AND. BNRM.LT.SMLNUM ) THEN
BNRMTO = SMLNUM
ILBSCL = .TRUE.
ELSE IF( BNRM.GT.BIGNUM ) THEN
BNRMTO = BIGNUM
ILBSCL = .TRUE.
END IF
*
IF( ILBSCL )
$ CALL CLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, BNRM, BNRMTO, N, N, B, LDB, IERR )
*
* Permute the matrix to make it more nearly triangular
* (Real Workspace: need 6*N)
*
ILEFT = 1
IRIGHT = N + 1
IRWRK = IRIGHT + N
CALL CGGBAL( 'P', N, A, LDA, B, LDB, ILO, IHI, RWORK( ILEFT ),
$ RWORK( IRIGHT ), RWORK( IRWRK ), IERR )
*
* Reduce B to triangular form (QR decomposition of B)
* (Complex Workspace: need N, prefer N*NB)
*
IROWS = IHI + 1 - ILO
ICOLS = N + 1 - ILO
ITAU = 1
IWRK = ITAU + IROWS
CALL CGEQRF( IROWS, ICOLS, B( ILO, ILO ), LDB, WORK( ITAU ),
$ WORK( IWRK ), LWORK+1-IWRK, IERR )
*
* Apply the orthogonal transformation to matrix A
* (Complex Workspace: need N, prefer N*NB)
*
CALL CUNMQR( 'L', 'C', IROWS, ICOLS, IROWS, B( ILO, ILO ), LDB,
$ WORK( ITAU ), A( ILO, ILO ), LDA, WORK( IWRK ),
$ LWORK+1-IWRK, IERR )
*
* Initialize VSL
* (Complex Workspace: need N, prefer N*NB)
*
IF( ILVSL ) THEN
CALL CLASET( 'Full', N, N, CZERO, CONE, VSL, LDVSL )
IF( IROWS.GT.1 ) THEN
CALL CLACPY( 'L', IROWS-1, IROWS-1, B( ILO+1, ILO ), LDB,
$ VSL( ILO+1, ILO ), LDVSL )
END IF
CALL CUNGQR( IROWS, IROWS, IROWS, VSL( ILO, ILO ), LDVSL,
$ WORK( ITAU ), WORK( IWRK ), LWORK+1-IWRK, IERR )
END IF
*
* Initialize VSR
*
IF( ILVSR )
$ CALL CLASET( 'Full', N, N, CZERO, CONE, VSR, LDVSR )
*
* Reduce to generalized Hessenberg form
* (Workspace: none needed)
*
CALL CGGHRD( JOBVSL, JOBVSR, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, B, LDB, VSL,
$ LDVSL, VSR, LDVSR, IERR )
*
SDIM = 0
*
* Perform QZ algorithm, computing Schur vectors if desired
* (Complex Workspace: need N)
* (Real Workspace: need N)
*
IWRK = ITAU
CALL CHGEQZ( 'S', JOBVSL, JOBVSR, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, B, LDB,
$ ALPHA, BETA, VSL, LDVSL, VSR, LDVSR, WORK( IWRK ),
$ LWORK+1-IWRK, RWORK( IRWRK ), IERR )
IF( IERR.NE.0 ) THEN
IF( IERR.GT.0 .AND. IERR.LE.N ) THEN
INFO = IERR
ELSE IF( IERR.GT.N .AND. IERR.LE.2*N ) THEN
INFO = IERR - N
ELSE
INFO = N + 1
END IF
GO TO 30
END IF
*
* Sort eigenvalues ALPHA/BETA if desired
* (Workspace: none needed)
*
IF( WANTST ) THEN
*
* Undo scaling on eigenvalues before selecting
*
IF( ILASCL )
$ CALL CLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, ANRM, ANRMTO, N, 1, ALPHA, N,
$ IERR )
IF( ILBSCL )
$ CALL CLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, BNRM, BNRMTO, N, 1, BETA, N,
$ IERR )
*
* Select eigenvalues
*
DO 10 I = 1, N
BWORK( I ) = SELCTG( ALPHA( I ), BETA( I ) )
10 CONTINUE
*
CALL CTGSEN( 0, ILVSL, ILVSR, BWORK, N, A, LDA, B, LDB,
$ ALPHA,
$ BETA, VSL, LDVSL, VSR, LDVSR, SDIM, PVSL, PVSR,
$ DIF, WORK( IWRK ), LWORK-IWRK+1, IDUM, 1, IERR )
IF( IERR.EQ.1 )
$ INFO = N + 3
*
END IF
*
* Apply back-permutation to VSL and VSR
* (Workspace: none needed)
*
IF( ILVSL )
$ CALL CGGBAK( 'P', 'L', N, ILO, IHI, RWORK( ILEFT ),
$ RWORK( IRIGHT ), N, VSL, LDVSL, IERR )
IF( ILVSR )
$ CALL CGGBAK( 'P', 'R', N, ILO, IHI, RWORK( ILEFT ),
$ RWORK( IRIGHT ), N, VSR, LDVSR, IERR )
*
* Undo scaling
*
IF( ILASCL ) THEN
CALL CLASCL( 'U', 0, 0, ANRMTO, ANRM, N, N, A, LDA, IERR )
CALL CLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, ANRMTO, ANRM, N, 1, ALPHA, N, IERR )
END IF
*
IF( ILBSCL ) THEN
CALL CLASCL( 'U', 0, 0, BNRMTO, BNRM, N, N, B, LDB, IERR )
CALL CLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, BNRMTO, BNRM, N, 1, BETA, N, IERR )
END IF
*
IF( WANTST ) THEN
*
* Check if reordering is correct
*
LASTSL = .TRUE.
SDIM = 0
DO 20 I = 1, N
CURSL = SELCTG( ALPHA( I ), BETA( I ) )
IF( CURSL )
$ SDIM = SDIM + 1
IF( CURSL .AND. .NOT.LASTSL )
$ INFO = N + 2
LASTSL = CURSL
20 CONTINUE
*
END IF
*
30 CONTINUE
*
WORK( 1 ) = SROUNDUP_LWORK(LWKOPT)
*
RETURN
*
* End of CGGES
*
END
``` |
Gretta Louise Ray (born 22 May 1998) is an Australian singer-songwriter from Melbourne, Victoria. In 2016, she was the winner of the national Triple J Unearthed radio competition for bands and songwriters, and the 2016 Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition, with her song "Drive". To date, Ray has released two studio albums – Begin to Look Around (2021) and Positive Spin (2023) – as well as the EPs Elsewhere (2016) and Here and Now (2018).
Originally making music reflective of indie folk influences, Ray came to embrace pop music as her primary genre with Begin to Look Around. Her songwriting has been described by the Sydney Morning Herald as "conversational, unambiguous lyrics" that "[come] across simply and powerfully", and by Australian music critic Bernard Zuel as "quietly grand pop".
Early life and education
Gretta Ray grew up in Melbourne, Australia, attending Princes Hill Secondary College. She sang in choirs from the age of five, latterly singing and touring with Young Voices of Melbourne, and as the youngest member of If You See Her, Say Hello, a group of 21 Melbourne-based singer-songwriters.
Career
2016-2020: Career beginnings, Elsewhere and Here and Now
In February 2016, Ray released her debut EP, Elsewhere. In August 2016, she won the national competition for emerging new artists called Triple J Unearthed High, for her song "Drive", which was produced by Nashville-based Australian music producer Josh Barber with Jonathan Dreyfus, recorded by Nick Edin and Fraser Montgomerey and mixed by US producer Ryan Hewit. The song received high-rotation airplay on Triple J. The announcement was made by Triple J presenters Matt Okine and Alex Dyson, who snuck into a school concert while she was performing to surprise her. Unearthed music director, Dave Ruby Howe called her a "...bold and exciting new talent who seems to win over everyone that comes into orbit of her music". Ray also a nomination for a J Award for Unearthed Artist of the Year at the 2016 J Awards.
On 27 October 2016, Ray won the 2016 edition of the Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition, which carries the largest first prize for any songwriting competition in the world. In August 2018, Ray released her second EP titled Here and Now. The following year, Ray released two stand-alone singles: a cover of Bon Iver's "re: Stacks" with Dustin Tebbutt in September, and "Heal You in Time" in December.
2020–2023: Begin to Look Around
On 20 May 2021, Ray announced her debut album Begin to Look Around, which was released on 27 August 2021. The album debuted at number 13 on the ARIA Charts. In April 2022, Ray announced the Begin To Look Around album tour, which occurred in June 2022. Later in 2022, Ray joined Gang of Youths on their Australian arena tour in support of their album Angel in Realtime, serving as both their opener and a backing vocalist. The shows also saw Ray duet with lead singer David Le'aupepe on "The Deepest Sighs, the Frankest Shadows", which Ray had previously covered on triple j's Like a Version segment.
2023–present: Positive Spin
On 3 May 2023, Ray released "Dear Seventeen", a song she described as a "focus track" intended to introduce fans to her upcoming release.
On 24 May 2023, Ray held an event in Melbourne's northern suburbs for fans on her official Discord server. The event was a scavenger hunt that led fans to letters which spelled out the name of her sophomore album, Positive Spin, and culminated in its announcement. The album was released on 18 August 2023, and will be followed by a national tour titled The Big Pop Show in September. The album was preceded by the singles "Heartbreak Baby", "Don't Date the Teenager" and "America Forever", the latter featuring vocal contributions from British singer Maisie Peters and American singer Carol Ades.
Discography
Studio albums
Extended plays
Singles
As lead artist
National Live Music Awards
The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) are a broad recognition of Australia's diverse live industry, celebrating the success of the Australian live scene. The awards commenced in 2016.
!
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| Herself
| Live Blues and Roots Act of the Year
|
|
|}
Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition
The Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition is an annual competition that "acknowledges great songwriting whilst supporting and raising money for Nordoff-Robbins" and is coordinated by Albert Music and APRA AMCOS. It commenced in 2009.
!
|-
! scope="row"| 2016
| "Drive"
| Vanda & Young Global Songwriting Competition
| style="background:gold;"| 1st
|
|}
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century Australian women singers
Australian women pop singers
Australian women singer-songwriters
Australian singer-songwriters
Singers from Melbourne |
Maurice William Allingham (19 August 1896 – 15 September 1993) was an Australian rules footballer from South Australia. He was the Port Adelaide Football Club's leading goal kicker on four occasions and won the club's best and fairest in 1931. He enlisted for duty during World War I on 16 February 1917 and was part of the 5th Machine Gun Battalion. He returned to Australia on 5 July 1919 and was awarded the British War Medal and Victory Medal for his duties.
References
External links
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
Port Adelaide Football Club (SANFL) players
Port Adelaide Football Club players (all competitions)
1993 deaths
1896 births
Australian military personnel of World War I |
```makefile
################################################################################
#
# xz
#
################################################################################
XZ_VERSION = 5.2.0
XZ_SOURCE = xz-$(XZ_VERSION).tar.bz2
XZ_SITE = path_to_url
XZ_INSTALL_STAGING = YES
XZ_CONF_ENV = ac_cv_prog_cc_c99='-std=gnu99'
XZ_LICENSE = GPLv2+ GPLv3+ LGPLv2.1+
XZ_LICENSE_FILES = COPYING.GPLv2 COPYING.GPLv3 COPYING.LGPLv2.1
ifeq ($(BR2_TOOLCHAIN_HAS_THREADS),y)
XZ_CONF_OPTS = --enable-threads
else
XZ_CONF_OPTS = --disable-threads
endif
$(eval $(autotools-package))
$(eval $(host-autotools-package))
``` |
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in the genus Mycobacterium. It is often abbreviated M. paratuberculosis or M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis. It is the causative agent of Johne's disease, which affects ruminants such as cattle, and suspected causative agent in human Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The type strain is ATCC 19698 (equivalent to CIP 103963 or DSM 44133).
Pathophysiology
MAP causes Johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants. It has long been suspected as a causative agent in Crohn's disease in humans, but studies have been unable to show definite correlation. One study has argued that the presence of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is associated with increased propensity of patients with Crohn's disease to receive biological therapy.
Recent studies have shown that MAP present in milk can survive pasteurization, which has raised human health concerns due to the widespread nature of MAP in modern dairy herds. MAP survival during pasteurization is dependent on the D72C-value of the strains present and their concentration in milk. It is heat resistant and is capable of sequestering itself inside white blood cells, which may contribute to its persistence in milk. It has also been reported to survive chlorination in municipal water supplies.
MAP is a slow growing organism and is difficult to culture. Bacterial cultures were regarded as Gold standards for detection of MAP. Detection is very limited in fresh tissues, food, and water. Recently, John Aitken and Otakaro Pathways have discovered a method to culture MAP from human blood. Testing is ongoing. Professor John Hermon-Taylor of King's College London is developing a new vector type anti MAP vaccine which he claims is both curative and preventative. Stage 1 human trials began in January 2017 and concluded successfully in September 2019. He is also developing a companion MAP blood test.
It is not susceptible to antituberculosis drugs (which can generally kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis). MAP is susceptible to antibiotics used to treat Mycobacterium avium disease, such as rifabutin and clarithromycin, however the capacity of these antibiotics to eradicate MAP infection in vivo has not been established.
Crohn's disease
MAP is recognized as a multi-host mycobacterial pathogen with a proven specific ability to initiate and maintain systemic infection and chronic inflammation of the intestine of a range of histopathological types in many animal species, including primates.
MAP has been found in larger numbers within the intestines of Crohn's disease patients and in significant amount of irritable bowel syndrome patients compared to those with ulcerative colitis or otherwise healthy controls. One study concluded that MAP "may act as a causative agent, have a role in the context of secondary infection, which may exacerbate the disease, or represent non-pathogenic colonisation." The Crohns MAP Vaccine is an experimental vaccine based on this hypothesis.
Genome
The genome of MAP strain K-10 was sequenced in 2005 and found to consist of a single circular chromosome of 4,829,781 base pairs, and to encode 4,350 predicted ORFs, 45 tRNAs, and one rRNA operon.
See also
Zoonosis
References
External links
Type strain of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
avium paratuberculosis
Subspecies |
Lota may refer to:
Places
Lota (crater), a crater on Mars
Lota, Chile, a city and commune in Chile
Lota, Punjab, village in Pakistan
Lota, Queensland, a suburb of Brisbane, Australia
Lota railway station, a station on the Cleveland line
Lota House, a heritage-listed house in Lota, Queensland
People
Lota (name)
Animals
Lota, former circus elephant who was moved to The Elephant Sanctuary (Hohenwald)
Lota lota or Burbot, a codlike fish
Other uses
Lota (vessel), water vessel used in parts of South Asia
LOTA (Longshoreman of the Apocalypse), a character in the webcomic Schlock Mercenary
LOTA (Licentiate of the Orthodontic Technicians Association)
See also
Lotar (disambiguation)
Lotta (disambiguation) |
The Chammliberg is a mountain of the Glarus Alps, located south of the Klausen Pass in the canton of Uri. While the south side of the mountain is covered by the large Hüfi Glacier, the north-west side consists of an 800 metre high face.
References
External links
Chammliberg on Hikr
Mountains of Switzerland
Mountains of the canton of Uri
Mountains of the Alps
Alpine three-thousanders |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\MigrationCenterAPI;
class MachineDiskDetails extends \Google\Model
{
protected $disksType = DiskEntryList::class;
protected $disksDataType = '';
/**
* @var string
*/
public $totalCapacityBytes;
/**
* @var string
*/
public $totalFreeBytes;
/**
* @param DiskEntryList
*/
public function setDisks(DiskEntryList $disks)
{
$this->disks = $disks;
}
/**
* @return DiskEntryList
*/
public function getDisks()
{
return $this->disks;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setTotalCapacityBytes($totalCapacityBytes)
{
$this->totalCapacityBytes = $totalCapacityBytes;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getTotalCapacityBytes()
{
return $this->totalCapacityBytes;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setTotalFreeBytes($totalFreeBytes)
{
$this->totalFreeBytes = $totalFreeBytes;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getTotalFreeBytes()
{
return $this->totalFreeBytes;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(MachineDiskDetails::class, 'Google_Service_MigrationCenterAPI_MachineDiskDetails');
``` |
The 1982 Miami Hurricanes baseball team represented the University of Miami in the 1982 NCAA Division I baseball season. The team was coached by Ron Fraser in his 20th season.
The Hurricanes won the College World Series, defeating the Wichita State Shockers in the championship game.
Roster
Schedule
! style="background:#F47320;color:#004F2F;"| Regular season
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 5 || || Mark Light Field || 10–2 || 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 6 || California || Mark Light Field || 8–1 || 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 7 || California || Mark Light Field || 10–4 || 3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 11 || || Mark Light Field || 3–1 || 4–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| February 12 || Seton Hall || Mark Light Field || 13–14 || 4–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 13 || || Mark Light Field || 7–3 || 5–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 14 || Florida || Mark Light Field || 6–2 || 6–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 15 || Seton Hall || Mark Light Field || 7–2 || 7–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 18 || || Mark Light Field || 7–1 || 8–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 19 || || Mark Light Field || 17–4 || 9–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| February 20 || North Carolina || Mark Light Field || 5–6 || 9–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 21 || North Carolina || Mark Light Field || 14–4 || 10–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 22 || || Mark Light Field || 15–8 || 11–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 23 || Mercer || Mark Light Field || 10–2 || 12–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 24 || Mercer || Mark Light Field || 9–0 || 13–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| February 26 || || Mark Light Field || 9–6 || 14–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| February 27 || New Orleans || Mark Light Field || 4–5 || 14–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| February 27 || New Orleans || Mark Light Field || 6–10 || 14–4
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| March 3 || || Mark Light Field || 6–10 || 14–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 5 || || Mark Light Field || 18–4 || 15–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 6 || at || Red McEwen Field || 14–6 || 16–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 9 || Biscayne || Mark Light Field || 13–1 || 17–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 12 || || Mark Light Field || 2–1 || 18–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 13 || South Carolina || Mark Light Field || 4–3 || 19–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 14 || South Carolina || Mark Light Field || 8–6 || 20–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 15 || South Carolina || Mark Light Field || 4–3 || 21–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 16 || || Mark Light Field || 12–0 || 22–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 17 || || Mark Light Field || 10–4 || 23–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 18 || George Washington || Mark Light Field || 16–2 || 24–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 19 || || Mark Light Field || 15–2 || 25–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 20 || Lewis || Mark Light Field || 9–2 || 26–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 21 || || Mark Light Field || 17–7 || 27–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 22 || Bowling Green || Mark Light Field || 14–1 || 28–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 24 || Bowling Green || Mark Light Field || 12–0 || 29–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| March 26 || at || Seminole Field || 6–5 || 30–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| March 27 || at Florida State || Seminole Field || 3–5 || 30–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| March 28 || at Florida State || Seminole Field || 3–9 || 30–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| March 31 || Florida International || Mark Light Field || 1–2 || 30–8
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| April 1 || || Mark Light Field || 9–11 || 3-–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 2 || South Florida || Mark Light Field || 5–4 || 31–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 3 || South Florida || Mark Light Field || 15–5 || 32–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 4 || at Florida International || || 13–12 || 33–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 8 || || Mark Light Field || 3–2 || 34–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 9 || Stetson || Mark Light Field || 14–7 || 35–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| April 10 || Stetson || Mark Light Field || 2–4 || 35–10
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| April 11 || at Florida International || || 0–5 || 35–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 14 || at South Carolina || Sarge Frye Field || 11–3 || 36–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 15 || at South Carolina || Sarge Frye Field || 12–8 || 37–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| April 16 || at South Carolina || Sarge Frye Field || 2–6 || 37–12
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 17 || at South Carolina || Sarge Frye Field || 19–3 || 38–12
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| April 18 || at || Perry Field || 2–6 || 38–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 19 || at Florida || Perry Field || 8–7 || 39–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 22 || || Mark Light Field || 7–2 || 40–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| April 30 || Florida International || Mark Light Field || 6–2 || 41–13
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 6 || Florida Atlantic || Mark Light Field || 4–3 || 42–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 7 || Florida State || Mark Light Field || 11–5 || 43–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| May 8 || Florida State || Mark Light Field || 2–9 || 43–14
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddddff"
| May 9 || Florida State || Mark Light Field || 7–7 || 43–14–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| May 11 || at || Mark Light Field || 5–6 || 43–15–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 12 || at Georgia Southern || Mark Light Field || 14–5 || 44–15–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 14 || at || Rose Bowl Field || 10–7 || 45–15–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 15 || at Georgia Tech || Rose Bowl Field || 13–3 || 46–15–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 21 || at || Packard Stadium || 8–6 || 47–15–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| May 22 || at Arizona State || Packard Stadium || 1–3 || 47–16–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ffdddd"
| May 23 || at Arizona State || Packard Stadium || 7–8 || 47–17–1
|-
|-
! style="background:#F47320;color:#004F2F;"| Post-season
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 29 || vs. Stetson || Mark Light Field || 18–2 || 48–17–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 29 || vs. South Florida || Mark Light Field || 9–4 || 49–17–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| May 30 || vs. Stetson || Mark Light Field || 15–3 || 50–17–1
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| June 4 || vs. || Rosenblatt Stadium || 7–2 || 51–17–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| June 7 || vs. Wichita State || Rosenblatt Stadium || 4–3 || 52–17–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| June 10 || vs. Texas || Rosenblatt Stadium || 2–1 || 53–17–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| June 11 || vs. Maine || Rosenblatt Stadium || 10–4 || 54–17–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="ddffdd"
| June 12 || vs. Wichita State || Rosenblatt Stadium || 9–3 || 55–17–1
|-
Awards and honors
Phil Lane
College World Series All-Tournament Team
Nelson Santovenia
College World Series All-Tournament Team
Danny Smith
College World Series Most Outstanding Player
All-America First Team
Hurricanes in the 1982 MLB Draft
The following members of the Miami baseball program were drafted in the 1982 Major League Baseball Draft.
References
Miami Hurricanes
Miami Hurricanes baseball seasons
College World Series seasons
NCAA Division I baseball championship seasons
Miami Hurricanes baseball team |
Software Technology Park () is a light rail station of the Circular Line of the Kaohsiung rapid transit system. It is located in Cianjhen District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Station overview
The station is a street-level station with two side platforms. It is located at the junction of Fusing 3rd Road and Chenggong 2nd Road.
Station layout
Around the station
Kaohsiung Software Technology Park
American Institute in Taiwan Kaohsiung Branch Office
Chenggong School of Special Education
IKEA Kaohsiung
Carrefour Chenggong Store
References
Circular light rail stations
Railway stations in Taiwan opened in 2015 |
365gay News (formerly CBS News on Logo) is the umbrella title of gay-themed news programming airing on the Logo television network. The programming was produced in partnership with CBS as a result of the former ownership of both networks by Viacom. It debuted in June 2005, when the channel began broadcasting and was shut down on September 30, 2011.
Initially, news items were presented as short segments between scheduled programs. Occasionally the channel would air full half-hour specials on stories of interest to the LGBT community, such as the Gay Games, yearly gay pride events, the October 2006 ruling in the same-sex marriage case in New Jersey, Lewis v. Harris, and the issues facing gay voters in the 2006 mid-term elections.
History
In late 2007 CBS News on Logo went from broadcasting segments between scheduled programming to a weekly half-hour format. New programs were broadcast each Monday and repeated through the week.
Jason Bellini was the lead anchor for CBS News on Logo until 2008. Other correspondents included Itay Hod and Chagmion Antoine. The Executive Producer until 2008 was Court Passant. The CBS News Up to the Minute set was utilized for the broadcast of the program.
Beginning in January 2007, a news update podcast became available for download through the iTunes Store.
In 2008, both Jason Bellini and Court Passant left the program. Logo changed the name to 365gay News and CBS News brought in correspondent Ross Palombo to anchor and revamp the show.
On August 13, 2009, Logo announced that its partnership with CBS News had ended. 365gay News became solely an online web site. Correspondent Hod, expressing his strong disagreement with the move, speculated that economic conditions in 2009 led to the decision.
Closure
In September 2011, 365gay.com announced that it would cease operations as of September 30.
References
Logo TV original programming
2000s American television news shows
2005 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
CBS News
Television series by CBS Studios
2000s American LGBT-related television series |
Rhea is a bioinformatic pipeline written in R language for the analysis of microbial profiles. It was released during the end of 2016 and it is publicly available through a GitHub repository.
Starting with an Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) table, the pipeline contains scripts that perform the following common analytical steps:
Normalization of the OTU table
Calculation of the alpha diversity for each sample
Calculation of beta diversity and visualization of the results with PCoA
Taxonomic binning
Statistical testing
Correlation analysis
The name Rhea was primarily given to the pipeline as a phonetic and visual link to the R language used throughout development. Moreover, as stated in the original publication, the name was chosen to reflect the flowing and evolving nature of the scripts, as "flow" is one of the suggested etymology of the name of the mythological goddess Rhea.
References
R (programming language)
Free R (programming language) software
Software using the MIT license
Science software for Linux |
is a type of string bag used by the samurai class primarily during the Sengoku period of Japan. Kubi bukuro literally means 'neck bag'. This type of bag was made out of net to carry a severed enemy head. When walking, it is hung it from the waist. When the owner is riding a horse, the bag is fastened to the saddle. Samurai commanders carried many of these Kubi bukuro.
See also
Kate-bukuro
References
Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Arms & Armour Press. , reprinted by Cassell & Co., London, 2000.
External links
Samurai weapons and equipment |
Hudson is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plains Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,443 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Hudson is located at .
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land. It is located near the center of Plains Township (east of the CDP of Plains).
Demographics
References
Census-designated places in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Census-designated places in Pennsylvania |
Ashley & JaQuavis is the pseudonym of American writing street lit duo and New York Times best selling authors Ashley Antoinette and JaQuavis Coleman. They are considered the youngest African-American co-authors to place on the New York Times Best Seller list twice. Their best-known work is the Cartel series, which appeared on the list in 2009 and 2010.
Biography
Ashley Antoinette Snell (b. 1985) and JaQuavis Coleman (c. 1984) were both born in Flint, Michigan. Coleman was raised in foster homes after being removed from his mother's home at age eight and eventually graduated from Flint Central High School; Antoinette graduated from Hamady High School. Coleman began selling cocaine at age 12. The couple met following an attempted drug bust, during which Coleman, then 16, realized he was selling to an undercover cop. He fled, eventually throwing the drugs into a bush off an alleyway. When the cops caught up with him, they were unable to locate the drugs in the bushes or on his person and were forced to let him go. Within days, Antoinette got in contact with Coleman to tell him she had seen him running from her window and dug the drugs out of the bushes to hide in her basement before the cops caught up. They were both avid readers and became close very quickly. Antoinette was pregnant within a year and the two moved in together while still attending high school. In the second month of pregnancy, Antoinette was forced to end what had become an ectopic pregnancy, which sent Antoinette into a deep depression. One day, Coleman told her: "I bet I could write a better book than you." Antoinette, who was very competitive, agreed; within days, they combined their works into Dirty Money, their first novel. The pair attended Ferris State University for two semesters, during which Coleman continued to sell cocaine in Flint.
Career
At 18, they landed their first publishing deal by selling the Dirty Money manuscript to Carl Weber's Kensington Publishing imprint, which focused on street lit. In her excitement, Antoinette flushed the rest of Coleman's cocaine stash, which he claims was worth $40,000, despite their advance being for only $4,000. They dropped out of Ferris State and moved to New York to pursue writing. Antoinette and Coleman's books are based primarily by their lives in impoverished Flint, Michigan. They initially sold free advance copies they received from their publisher from the trunk of their car but quickly became prolific authors in the street lit genre, publishing four or five books annually. By 2009, their book Tale of the Murda Mamas, the second installment of their Cartel series, appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list.
In 2012, Diamonds Are Forever, Cartel book four, was also featured on the New York Times Best Seller list, and Coleman and Antonette were recognized as #27 of Ebony's Power 100, a list that also featured the Obamas, Oprah, Beyoncé and Jay-Z, and Trayvon Martin. They were nominated separately for Street Lit Writer of the Year by the African Americans on the Move Book Club (AAMBC); JaQuavis was also nominated for Male Author of the Year. In 2013, they started their own company, the Official Writers League, which publishes authors such as Keishar Tyree, C.N. Phillips, and Ameleka McCall. Antoinette signed a contract with Viacom to write several novelas about the main characters from the show Single Ladies on VH1. She was also nominated as the Female Author of the Year by the AAMBC. Antoinette received two more nominations by the AAMBC in 2014 (Reader's Choice Awards) and 2016 (Street Lit Writer of the Year).
The pair was awarded with the Urban Classic Honor at the 2018 AAMBC Awards; the following year, Antoinette's Ethic series was named the Best Black Book Series and she was named Author Queen of the Year by Black Girls Who Write (BGWW), while Coleman was named Author King of the Year. In 2020, Antoinette won her first AAMBC awards: Urban Book of the Year for the sixth installment of her Ethics series and Street Lit Writer of the Year. She and Coleman were awarded the Best Black Collaborative Series by BGWW. Antoinette and the couple's 10-year old son Quaye co-wrote The Girl Behind the Wall, published in 2020 by Ashley Antoinette Inc.
Many of their books, including Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang, Diamonds Are Forever, and The Demise, are banned in American prisons for being sexually explicit or for having criminal activity.
Film
In addition to writing, JaQuavis is also a film producer and director. In 2012, he directed Hard 6ix, based on their novel Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang, and starring Tone Trump, Ashley Antoinette, and Tiffany Marshall. In 2013, he directed 1000's "Life of a DopeBoy" music video and worked production on a film with Sean Lott. He was also working with HBO on the pilot of a television show. In 2015, he wrote and directed White House: The Movie based on his novel The White House. In 2021, Coleman worked as executive producer, writer, and director of the film Everything is Both, co-produced by Ekpe Udoh and starring Barton Fitzpatrick, Stakiah Washington, and Jason Mitchell. The film is based on a short story by Coleman.
Antoinette and Coleman signed Cartel film rights over to Cash Money Content in 2012. Coleman also signed deals with Warner Bros and NBC Universal for television development.
Personal life
Their son Quaye was born in 2010. In 2011, they were living in Manhattan, New York City; by 2015, the family lived in a four-bedroom home north of Detroit.
Bibliography
Ashley and JaQuavis
JaQuavis Coleman
Ashley Antoinette
References
21st-century American writers
Living people
Writers from Flint, Michigan
Urban fiction
African-American novelists
Writing duos
Married couples
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```javascript
import {
SET_MENU,
SET_MENU_ACTIVE,
BACK_PATH,
SET_CHAT_COUNT
} from '../mutation-types'
let state = {
backPath: '',
index_nav: [{
index: 0,
path: {
path: '/chat'
},
hint: { type: "count", count: 0 }, //count,dot
iconClass: 'icon-wechat',
text: ''
}],
menu_active: { text: "", index: 0 },
}
const mutations = {
[SET_MENU](state, index_nav) {
state.index_nav = index_nav;
},
[SET_MENU_ACTIVE](state, _index) {
//
state.menu_active = state.index_nav[_index]
},
[BACK_PATH](state, _path) {
//,router.afterEach
state.backPath = { path: _path };
},
[SET_CHAT_COUNT](state, count) {
state.index_nav[0].hint.count = count;
}
}
export default {
state,
mutations
}
``` |
Shawnee State Park is a public recreation area surrounded by the Shawnee State Forest in Scioto County, Ohio, United States. The park is in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains near the Ohio River in Southern Ohio on State Route 125, just north of Friendship.
History
The area was once a hunting ground for the Shawnee Indians. The park was first opened in 1922 as Theodore Roosevelt State Game Preserve. The game preserve saw further development and improvements by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s. The area became a state park and forest following creation of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources and the Division of Parks and Recreation in 1949.
Activities and amenities
The park's recreational activities include golf, fishing, swimming, hiking, and boating on Roosevelt Lake and Turkey Creek Lake. The state park marina on the Ohio River is located on US 52 just west of Friendship. The park's golf course was closed in 2019.
Gallery
References
External links
Shawnee State Park Ohio Department of Natural Resources
Shawnee State Park Map Ohio Department of Natural Resources
State parks of Ohio
Protected areas of Scioto County, Ohio
Protected areas established in 1922
1922 establishments in Ohio
Civilian Conservation Corps in Ohio
Nature centers in Ohio |
```java
/*
*
* See the CONTRIBUTORS.txt file in the distribution for a
* full listing of individual contributors.
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package org.openremote.model.persistence;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SharedSessionContractImplementor;
import org.hibernate.usertype.UserType;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class LTreeType implements UserType<String[]> {
public static final String TYPE = "ltree";
@Override
public int getSqlType() {
return Types.OTHER;
}
@Override
public Class<String[]> returnedClass() {
return String[].class;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(String[] x, String[] y) throws HibernateException {
return Arrays.equals(x, y);
}
@Override
public int hashCode(String[] x) throws HibernateException {
return Arrays.hashCode(x);
}
@Override
public String[] nullSafeGet(ResultSet rs, int position, SharedSessionContractImplementor session, Object owner) throws SQLException {
String ltreeStr = rs.getString(position);
return ltreeStr != null ? ltreeStr.split("\\.") : null;
}
@Override
public void nullSafeSet(PreparedStatement st, String[] value, int index, SharedSessionContractImplementor session) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
st.setObject(index, value != null ? String.join(".", value) : null, Types.OTHER);
}
@Override
public String[] deepCopy(String[] v) throws HibernateException {
return v == null ? null : Arrays.copyOf(v, v.length);
}
@Override
public boolean isMutable() {
return false;
}
@Override
public Serializable disassemble(String[] value) throws HibernateException {
return value;
}
@Override
public String[] assemble(Serializable cached, Object owner) throws HibernateException {
return deepCopy((String[])cached);
}
@Override
public String[] replace(String[] original, String[] target, Object owner)
throws HibernateException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return deepCopy(original);
}
}
``` |
Hysni Curri (?–1925) was a Kosovar Albanian military figure and a prominent leader of the Kachak movement and the Committee for the National Defence of Kosovo.
Life
Curri was the nephew and close collaborator of Bajram Curri, a well-known fighter and activist during the early 20th century. He was born in Gjakova, Vilayet of Kosovo, Ottoman Empire ( today modern Kosovo ). He had military background and would embrace the Albanian National Awakening movement. In 2–3 April 1910, he participated in the Second Congress of Manastir, which revised the situation of the Albanian language schools and publications under the newly imposed censure of the Young Turk government. Curri was active during the Albanian uprisings of 1910, 1911, and 1912 and delegate in the Assembly of Junik of May 1912 where the official demands list of the Albanian rebels towards the Ottomans was drafted. He led the Albanian army against the Ottomans on 7 August 1912 at Qafë Prush, which led to the Albanians entering Skopje, the center of the Vilayet, on 12 August 1912.
He was one of the co-founders of the short-lived Nationalist Party () created in Albania in 1914, together with Hil Mosi, Sabri Qyteza, Kostandin Boshnjaku, Ceno Sharra, etc. Curri put himself in service of Prince Wied and defended Durrës from the Islamic Rebels during 1914. He was in charge of around 400 men.
On 17 April 1917, he would participate as a representative of the Krasniqi tribe and Vice-Prefect of the Prefecture of Kosovo in the Albanian delegation of 33 people that visited Vienna, including Hasan Prishtina, Ahmet Zogu, and Dom Nikollë Kaçorri.
Curri was very active during the years of the Committee of Kosovo. As a main member he was selected to represent the Committee in the Congress of Lushnje of 1920. Eshtref Frashëri was elected to represent the committee, while Hysni Curri and Xhemal Prishtina represented the Prefecture of Kosovo (Has-Tropojë) and the Irredentist Kosovo. Curri could not attend because he broke his arm the night before the event.
In 1920, after the Congress of Lushnje, together with Bajram Curri he assisted the forces of Ahmet Zogu (then Minister of Interior) to get rid of Essadist supporters that had remained in central and north-eastern Albania.
In the years to come, the coordination between the official Tirana politics with the Serbian one created an unfavorable situation for the Committee of Kosovo. The Ministry of Interior in Tirana issued a note on 9 January 1923 to the Serbian authorities stating that "if the kachaks entered the neutral zone, the Serbian army could pursue them even there". On these conditions, Prishtina and Curri sought support from the Albanian Émigré in Italy and Austria, as well as from Italian and Austrian governments. On 27 August 1923, a group of 27 activists traveled down to Shëngjin, then by boat to Italy and later to Austria. Later, Hasan Prishtina would notify Bajram Curri via telegram for 20,000 rifles and 12 cannons which were promised to be delivered for the guerrillas.
Curri died in Vienna in 1925. He was buried in Zentralfriedhof cemetery.
See also
Isa Boletini
Azem Galica
References
Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
Kosovo Albanians
20th-century Albanian military personnel
1925 deaths
Military personnel from Gjakova
Albanian revolutionaries
Albanian politicians
Kosovan soldiers
Year of birth missing
20th-century Albanian people
Second Congress of Manastir delegates
Politicians from Gjakova |
"Tequila Talkin'" is the debut single by American country music band Lonestar, released in August 1995 from their self-titled debut album. The song was written by Bill LaBounty and Chris Waters. It peaked at number 8 in the United States and at number 11 in Canada.
Content
The song's narrator was drunk on tequila when he told his former lover that he was still in love with her, though he was not.
Critical reception
Larry Flick, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling it a "great country lyric about longing and regret magnified through a bottle". He went on to say that "nice vocal and solid production make this accessible to radio". Rick Mitchell criticized the song in his review of the album, saying that it seemed derivative of the Eagles' "Tequila Sunrise".
Chart positions
"Tequila Talkin" entered the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks at 69 for the week of August 19, 1995. The commercial single release, a double A-side with "No News", reached number 22 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100.
References
1995 songs
1995 debut singles
Lonestar songs
Songs written by Bill LaBounty
Songs written by Chris Waters
Song recordings produced by Don Cook
BNA Records singles
Songs about alcohol |
Lafontaine, French for "the fountain", may refer to:
People
Jean de La Fontaine (1621–1695), French fabulist, one of the most widely read French poets of the 17th century
De Lafontaine (1655–1738), French ballerina
Georg Wilhelm Lafontaine (1680–1745), German painter
Ludolph Lafontaine (1704–1774), German painter
August Lafontaine (1758–1831), German writer
Albert Millaud (1844–1892), French journalist and playwright, who wrote under various pseudonyms, including "Lafontaine"
Oskar Lafontaine (born 1943), German politician
Places
Lafontaine, Ontario, Canada
Lafontaine, Quebec, Canada
LaFontaine, a provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada
Lafontaine, Kansas, U.S.
La Fontaine, Indiana, U.S.
Other uses
Lafontaine (electoral district), a former riding in Quebec, Canada
Lafontaine (surname)
Lafontaine Bellot, governor of Plaisance, Newfoundland from 1664 to 1667
5780 Lafontaine, a minor planet
Hotel LaFontaine, Huntington, Indiana
See also
La Fontaine (disambiguation)
Fountain (disambiguation)
Fontaineece, a surname |
The West Island Mosque is a heritage-listed mosque at Alexander Street, West Island, of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an external territory of Australia. The mosque was added to the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004.
History
Island history
Nineteenth century
By the end of 1827 there were two groups of European settlers on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands and there was antagonism between the two settlement leaders, John Clunies Ross and Alexander Hare. Clunies Ross and his party first visited the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in 1825 but did not settle there until the end of 1827. A former business partner of Clunies Ross, Alexander Hare, and his party settled on the Islands early in 1827, months before Ross' return, with a party of 40, including many women reputedly taken to the Islands against their wishes.
John Clunies Ross was desirous of establishing a supply depot on the Islands for spices and coffee for shipment to Europe. He imposed an imperialist social and political regime on the Islands and managed them as a coconut plantation using non-European labour which gave the Clunies Ross family great power. He established a contractual arrangement between his family and the Malay and later Banlamese people, who would provide labour for the plantations and for copra production. The Clunies Ross family provided a house and land for each family. Rates of pay were fixed at half a Java rupee for 250 husked nuts per day or reasonable services for labour. There were set rates of deduction for absences from work. The agreement bound the families and community heads to obey rules and lawful commands or quit the Islands and move elsewhere.
Initially, there was an unsuccessful revolt against Clunies Ross by a group of Malay people but a written agreement was in force from 22 December 1837.
In the middle of the nineteenth century, convict labour was brought to the Islands from Java but indentured labour soon replaced it entirely. A few Javanese seamen joined the community and there was intermarriage between Cocos Malay women and Clunies Ross men. There were a number of illegitimate children born in the settlement. Sometimes the children were sent to Singapore to live but more usually they were reared in the mother's house and took the name of her Malay husband.
Home Island was the location for the Clunies Ross family and a settlement for the Cocos Malay work force. It was the site of industry where coconuts were processed into copra and oil. The Island contained workshops for the production of material for use on the islands and the storage of imported food stuffs. Wharves, store houses, workshops and factories were part of the economy and the system of social control on the islands.
The dried flesh of coconut, or copra was the major export of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Other products for the settlement were imported.
The coconuts were husked, opened and the inside flesh was dried in the sun or later by artificial heat in purpose built furnaces. The oil was also exported. Home Island contains the remains of the storage sheds and furnaces required for copra production and export.
The wharfs and workshops were first found in the Clunies Ross area at Lot 14 on Home Island, facing south across the lagoon, however by the 1880s a new workshop area was constructed on the western shore of the island. New buildings and a jetty to load and unlaid ships were erected with a series of railway tracks to move produce on the Island. The precinct remains in 1997 and is in continued use as depots, stores and workshops for the Cocos Islands community.
Twentieth century
The Clunies Ross family established settlements to house European and non-European workers. There was strict control over movement and communications from one island to another. Official visitors were discouraged from fraternisation with the Cocos Malay people. In 1901 a telegraph station was established on Direction Island in 1901 by the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company as a link between in Western Australia and stations in Rodrigues and Mauritius and to Batavia. The equipment was destroyed during World War I when in 1914 a German party from the cruiser Emden landed on Direction Island during World War I. The cable staff managed to send a message reporting the cruiser and HMAS Sydney arrived and a sea Battle of Cocos ensued.
During World War II, the Islands were occupied by the armed forces and there was open scrutiny of the working and living conditions there. A unit of the Ceylon Coastal Artillery was posted to the Islands. Two six-inch guns were located on Horsburgh Island and a company of the Ceylon Light Infantry was established on Direction Island. On South Island a regiment of Kenyan soldiers was established. In March 1942, a Japanese warship shelled Home Island. Similar air raids destroyed nearly one-tenth of the kampong in the months that followed. Perhaps as a consequence, and because of the Islands strategic location, the military presence was gradually increased. By the end of World War II, the population of the Island reached 1800. As a consequence, 900 people were persuaded or forced to leave the Island for Borneo, Singapore and Christmas Island. An additional program of immigration occurred in the late 1970s at the end of the Clunies Ross period of occupation. There was some form of agreement between the Ross family and the Islanders as late as 1978. In March 1945, units of the Royal Air Force, the Royal Indian Air Force and the Fleet Air Arm arrived and constructed an airstrip on West Island clearing thousands of coconut palms. Following the end of the War in late 1945 over 3,000 troops were evacuated. In the years after the war, the Government of Singapore expressed that the paternalistic attitude of the Clunies Ross family to the Cocos Malay workforce was unacceptable. By 1951, the Australian Government assumed control of the Islands and in the same year, amid disputes with Clunies Ross over the management of the Islands, the family sold to the Australian Government for the construction of an airfield. There had previously been an airstrip for light aircraft in the 1940s which was used by Qantas infrequently. It was upgraded and after 1952 Qantas used the airstrip for refuelling on international flights from Australia to Europe via South Africa.
In the 1950s, an air-sea rescue facility was constructed on Direction Island. It accommodated eight Australians and the base had six vessels. The staff made regular day and night patrols over an sea range and answered calls from ships and aircraft with sick or injured passengers and crew. In the 1960s, the five prefabricated houses were dismantled and relocated to West Island. The facility was cleared and Direction Island was completely replanted with coconut palms.
From 1944 a government administrator occupied a house on Home Island. However, Government House was located on West Island in 1953. As a consequence of these developments, the West Island community grew with government, administrative and hospital quarters for Australian Government employees.
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands became an Australian external territory in 1955.
By the late 1960s the system administered by the Clunies Ross family was a cause of concern for the Australian Government and the United Nations. There were negotiations for decolonisation and free association. After a United Nations delegation visited the islands in 1974 there were negotiations for the Australian Government to purchase the estate. By 1978 all the land, with the exception of the site of Oceania House, was completed. The people achieved self-government and in 1979 a local council was established and a cooperative formed to run the islands. By 1987 the copra industry was considered unprofitable and production ceased.
Building history
The building was relocated from Direction Island following the closure of the air and sea rescue station there. Its adaptation to a mosque was a function of the move towards self-government and self-determination of the Cocos Malay community following initiatives by the Australian Government in 1979. The presence of the mosque facilitated the employment of the Cocos Malay community on West Island.
Description
The elevated single-storey building is timber framed and asbestos cement clad. It has a new metal roof and some recent fibrous cement enclosures. In 1996 the condition of the building was assessed as good.
Heritage listing
The West Island Mosque is historically significant as evidence of the emerging self determination of the Cocos Malay community following self government in 1979. The mosque facilitated free movement between Home and West Islands and supported Cocos Malay employment in administrative and other functions located on West Island. The mosque is of social value to the Cocos Malay people living on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
The Mosque is also significant as one of the Direction Island houses that was relocated to West Island following the closure of the signals (later air/sea rescue) station.
West Island Mosque was listed on the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004 having satisfied the following criteria.
Criterion A: Processes
The West Island Mosque is historically significant as evidence of the emerging self determination of the Cocos Malay community following self government in 1979. The mosque facilitated free movement between Home and West Islands and supported Cocos Malay employment in administrative and other functions located on West Island. The Mosque is also significant as one of the Direction Island houses that was relocated to West Island following the closure of the signals (later air/sea rescue) station.
Attributes: The form, fabric and adaptive reuse modifications of the building. Also its location on West Island.
Criterion G: Social value
The mosque is of social value to the Cocos Malay people living on the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
Attributes: The form, fabric and adaptive reuse modifications of the building. Also its location on West Island.
References
Bibliography
Attribution
Commonwealth Heritage List places in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Islam in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Mosques in Australia
Articles incorporating text from the Australian Heritage Database
Buildings and structures in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
In R v Verity-Amm, V was charged with driving a motor car recklessly or negligently in contravention of the Motor Vehicles Ordinance. Before the trial, V requested details of the alleged negligence but was refused such particulars. Before V pleaded, he applied to the court for further particulars and this application was also refused. V was convicted of the charge.
The magistrate stated in his reasons for judgment that he had refused to order particulars to be given because the charge had followed the wording of the section creating the offense, and he was therefore not entitled to order particulars.
He stated further that the appellant was not prejudiced, because the grounds of negligence upon which the Crown relied had emerged clearly from the evidence, and the appellant had had ample opportunity of preparing his defense during the period of the remand.
The court on appeal held that on a charge of driving a motor vehicle recklessly or negligently, the accused is entitled to be informed of the particulars of the alleged negligence if he asks for them.
Furthermore, it was held that where a court has, on improper grounds, refused to order particulars to be given to an accused in a case where such particulars ought to have been given, the prejudice to the accused is not necessarily cured by postponing the hearing at the conclusion of the Crown case so as to enable the accused to prepare his defense, because the accused will probably have been prejudiced in his cross-examination of the Crown witnesses if he was not fully acquainted with the case he had to meet.
The appeal succeeded and the conviction and sentence was set aside.
This case was decided under the old Criminal Procedure Act of 1917 which also provided that in charges of contravening a statutory enactment, it shall be sufficient if the description of the offense is in the words of the enactment and that it does not prevent the court from ordering particulars of the offense to be given by the Crown to the accused in a proper case.
References
R v Verity Amm 1934 TPD 416
South African case law
1934 in case law
1934 in South African law |
The Rescuers is a 1977 American animated adventure comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by Buena Vista Distribution. Bob Newhart and Eva Gabor respectively star as Bernard and Bianca, two mice who are members of the Rescue Aid Society, an international mouse organization dedicated to helping abduction victims around the world. Both must free young orphan Penny (voiced by Michelle Stacy) from two treasure hunters (played by Geraldine Page and Joe Flynn), who intend to use her to help them obtain a giant diamond. The film is based on a series of books by Margery Sharp, including The Rescuers (1959) and Miss Bianca (1962).
The Rescuers entered development in 1962, but was shelved due to Walt Disney's dislike of the project's political overtones. During the 1970s, the film was revived as a project for the younger animators, but it was taken over by the senior animation staff following the release of Robin Hood (1973). Four years were spent working on the movie. The Rescuers was released on June 22, 1977, to positive critical reception and became a box office success, earning $48 million against a budget of $7.5 million during its initial theatrical run. It has since grossed a total of $169 million after two re-releases in 1983 and 1989. Due to the film's success, a sequel titled The Rescuers Down Under was released in 1990, which made this film the first Disney animated film to have a sequel.
Plot
In an abandoned riverboat in Devil's Bayou, Louisiana, a young orphan named Penny drops a message in a bottle, containing a plea for help, into the river. The Rescue Aid Society, an international mouse organization inside the United Nations, finds the bottle when it washes up in New York City. The Hungarian representative, Miss Bianca, volunteers to accept the case. She chooses Bernard, a stammering janitor, as her co-agent. The two visit Morningside Orphanage, where Penny lived, and meet an old cat named Rufus. He tells them about a woman named Madame Medusa who once tried to lure Penny into her car, prompting the mice to investigate her pawn shop for clues.
At the pawn shop, Bianca and Bernard discover that Medusa and her partner, Mr. Snoops, are searching for the world's largest diamond, the Devil's Eye. The mice learn that Medusa and Snoops are currently at the Devil's Bayou with Penny, whom they have kidnapped and placed under the guard of two trained crocodiles, Brutus and Nero. With the help of an albatross named Orville and a dragonfly named Evinrude, the mice follow Medusa to the bayou. There, they learn that Medusa plans to force Penny to enter a small blowhole that leads down into a blocked-off pirates' cave where the Devil's Eye is located.
Bernard and Bianca find Penny and devise a plan of escape. They send Evinrude to alert the local animals, who loathe Medusa, but Evinrude is delayed when he is forced to take shelter from a cloud of bats. The following morning, Medusa and Snoops send Penny down into the cave to find the gem. Unbeknownst to Medusa, Bianca and Bernard are hiding in Penny's dress pocket. The three soon find the Devil's Eye within a pirate skull. As Penny pries the mouth open with a sword, the mice push the gem through it, but soon the oceanic tide rises and floods the cave. The three barely manage to escape with the diamond.
Medusa betrays Snoops and hides the diamond in Penny's teddy bear, while holding Penny and Snoops at gunpoint. When she trips over a cable set as a trap by Bernard and Bianca, Medusa loses the bear and the diamond to Penny, who runs away with them. The local animals arrive at the riverboat and aid Bernard and Bianca in trapping Brutus and Nero, then set off Mr. Snoops's fireworks to create more chaos. Meanwhile, Penny and the mice commandeer Medusa's swamp-mobile, a makeshift airboat. Medusa unsuccessfully pursues them, using Brutus and Nero as water-skis. As the riverboat sinks from the fireworks' damage, Medusa crashes and is left clinging to the boat's smoke stacks. Mr. Snoops escapes on a raft and laughs at her, while the irritated Brutus and Nero turn on her and circle below.
Back in New York City, the Rescue Aid Society watch a news report of how Penny found the Devil's Eye, which has been given to the Smithsonian Institution. It also mentions she has been adopted. The meeting is interrupted when Evinrude arrives with a call for help, sending Bernard and Bianca on a new adventure.
Cast
Bob Newhart as Bernard, Rescue Aid Society's timid janitor, who reluctantly tags along with Miss Bianca on her journey to the Devil's Bayou to rescue Penny. He is highly superstitious about the number 13 and dislikes flying (the latter being a personality trait of Newhart).
Eva Gabor as Miss Bianca, the Hungarian representative of the Rescue Aid Society. She is sophisticated and adventurous, and fond of Bernard, choosing him as her co-agent as she sets out to rescue Penny. Her Hungarian nationality was derived from that of her voice actress.
Geraldine Page as Madame Medusa, a greedy, redheaded, wicked pawn-shop owner. Upon discovering the Devil's Eye diamond hidden in a blowhole, she kidnaps the small orphan, Penny, to retrieve it for her, as Penny is the only one small enough to fit in it. She has two pet crocodiles, who turn on her after she is thwarted by Bernard, Bianca, and Penny.
Joe Flynn as Mr. Snoops, Medusa's clumsy and incompetent business partner, who obeys his boss's orders to steal the Devil's Eye in exchange for half of it. Upon being betrayed by Medusa, however, he turns on her and flees by raft, laughing at her. This was Flynn's final role, with the film being released after his death in 1974.
Jeanette Nolan as Ellie Mae and Pat Buttram as Luke, two muskrats who reside in a Southern-style home on a patch of land in Devil's Bayou. Luke drinks very strong, homemade liquor, which is used to help Bernard and Evinrude regain energy when they need it. Its most important usage is for fuel for powering Medusa's swamp-mobile in the film's climax.
Jim Jordan as Orville (named after Orville Wright of the Wright brothers, the inventors of the airplane; most likely influenced from Bob Newhart's stand-up sketch "Merchandising the Wright Brothers"), an albatross who gives Bernard and Bianca a ride to Devil's Bayou. Jordan, 80 years old by the time the film was completed, had been lured out of retirement and had not performed since the death of his wife and comic partner Marian in 1961; it would serve as Jordan's last public performance.
John McIntire as Rufus, an elderly cat who resides at Morningside Orphanage and comforts Penny when she is sad. Although his time onscreen is rather brief, he provides the film's most important theme, faith. He was designed by animator Ollie Johnston, who retired after the film following a 40-year career with Disney.
Michelle Stacy as Penny, a lonely six-year-old orphan girl, residing at Morningside Orphanage in New York City. She is kidnapped by Medusa in an attempt to retrieve the world's largest diamond, the Devil's Eye.
Bernard Fox as Mr. Chairman, the chairman to the Rescue Aid Society.
Larry Clemmons as Gramps, a grumpy, yet kind old turtle who carries a brown cane.
James MacDonald as Evinrude (named after a brand of outboard motors), a dragonfly who mans a leaf boat across Devil's Bayou, giving Bernard and Miss Bianca a ride across the swamp waters.
George Lindsey as Deadeye, a fisher rabbit who is one of Luke and Ellie Mae's friends.
Bill McMillian as TV Announcer
Dub Taylor as Digger, a mole.
John Fiedler as Deacon Owl
Production
In 1959, the book The Rescuers by Margery Sharp had been published to considerable success. In 1962, Sharp followed up with a sequel titled Miss Bianca. That same year, the books were optioned by Walt Disney, who began developing an animated film adaptation. In January 1963, story artist Otto Englander wrote a treatment based on the first book, centering on a Norwegian poet unfairly imprisoned in a Siberia-like stronghold known as the Black Castle. The story was revised with the location changed to Cuba, in which the mice would help the poet escape into the United States. However, as the story became overtly involved in international intrigue, Disney shelved the project as he was unhappy with the political overtones. In August 1968, Englander wrote another treatment featuring Bernard and Bianca rescuing Richard the Lionheart during the Middle Ages.
A total of four years were spent working on The Rescuers, which was made on a budget of $7.5 million. After being revived during the early 1970s as a project for the young animators, led by Don Bluth, the studio would alternate between full-scale "A pictures" and smaller, scaled-back "B pictures" with simpler animation. The animators had selected the most recent book, Miss Bianca in the Antarctic, to adapt from. The new story involved a King penguin deceiving a captured polar bear into performing in shows aboard a schooner, causing the unsatisfied bear to place a bottle that would reach the mice. This version of the story was later dropped because Fred Lucky, a storyboard artist, explained that the Arctic setting "was too stark a background for the animators." Mattinson later explained, "Our problem was that the penguin wasn't formidable or evil enough for the audience to believe he would dominate the big bear. We struggled with that for a year or so. We changed the locale to somewhere in America and it was now a regular zoo and we tried to come up with something with the bear in the zoo and needing to be rescued but that didn't work either."
In that version, the bear character was still retained, but was renamed Louie the Bear. Jazz singer Louis Prima was cast in the role and had recorded most of the dialogue and multiple songs that were composed by Floyd Huddleston. The writers also expanded the role of his best friend, Gus the Lion. Huddleston had stated, "It's about two animals. One is Louis Prima — he's the polar bear — and Redd Foxx is the lion ...Louis gets cornered into leaving and going to the South Pole where he can make himself a bigger star. But he gets homesick; he feels fooled. They send out little mice as 'rescuers'." According to storyboard artist Vance Gerry, director Wolfgang Reitherman had stated, It's too complicated. I want a simple story: A little girl gets kidnapped and the mice try to get her back, period. By November 1973, the role of Louie the Bear had been heavily scaled back and then eliminated. In one version, the bear was meant to be Bernard and Bianca's connection to Penny. Gerry explained, "We developed the sequence where, while the two mice are searching for clues as to where Penny has been taken, they come across this bear who she had been friends with because the orphanage where Penny was living was near the zoo." In the final film, the idea was reduced to a simple scene where Bernard enters a zoo and hears a lion's roar that scares him away.
In Europe, while promoting the release of Robin Hood (1973), Reitherman stated: "I took Margery Sharp's books along and there was in there a mean woman in a crystal palace. When I got back I called some of the guys together and I said, 'We've got to get a villain in this thing. The villainess and her motive to steal a diamond was adapted from the Diamond Duchess in Miss Bianca. The setting was then changed to the bayous found in the Southern United States. By August 1973, the villainess was named the Grand Duchess with Phyllis Diller cast in the role. A month later, conceptual artist Ken Anderson began depicting Cruella de Vil, the villainess from One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), as the main antagonist of the film. Anderson had drawn several sketches of Cruella de Vil sporting alligator-leathered chic attire and sunglasses; one sketch depicted her wearing bell-bottom pants and platform shoes. However, several staff members such as animator Ollie Johnston stated it felt wrong to attempt a sequel for the character. Furthermore, Mattinson explained that Milt Kahl did not want to animate Cruella de Vil. "Milt, of course, was very strong against that, 'Oh, no no. We're gonna have a new character. I'm not gonna do Cruella'," Mattinson recalled, "Because he felt that Marc [Davis had animated] Cruella beautifully. He was not gonna go and take his character."
The new version of the character was renamed Madame Medusa, and her appearance was based on Kahl's then-wife, Phyllis Bounds (who was the niece of Lillian Disney), whom he divorced in 1978. This was Kahl's last film for the studio, and he wanted his final character to be his best. He was so insistent on perfecting Madame Medusa that he ended up doing almost all the animation for the character himself. The kidnapped child Penny was inspired by Patience, the orphan in the novel. The alligator characters Brutus and Nero was based on the two bloodhounds, Tyrant and Torment, in the novels. For the henchman, the filmmakers adapted the character, Mandrake, into Mr. Snoops. His appearance was caricatured from John Culhane, a journalist, who had been interviewing animators at the Disney studios. Culhane claimed he was practically tricked into posing for various reactions, and his movements were imitated on Mr. Snoops's model sheet. However, he stated, "Becoming a Disney character was beyond my wildest dreams of glory."
Also, the writers had considered developing Bernard and Bianca into married professional detectives, though they decided that leaving the characters as unmarried novices was more romantic. For the supporting characters, a pint-sized swamp mobile for the mice—a leaf powered by a dragonfly—was created. As they developed the comedic potential of displaying his exhaustion through buzzing, the dragonfly grew from an incidental into a major character. Veteran sound effects artist and voice actor Jimmy MacDonald came out of retirement to provide the effects. Additionally, the local swamp creatures were originally written as a dedicated home guard that drilled and marched incessantly. However, the writers rewrote them into a volunteer group of helpful little bayou creatures. Their leader, a singing bullfrog, voiced by Phil Harris, was deleted from the film. A pigeon was originally proposed to serve as transportation for Bernard and Bianca until Johnston remembered a True-Life Adventures episode that featured albatrosses and their clumsy take-offs and landings. He then suggested the ungainly bird instead.
On February 13, 1976, co-director John Lounsbery died of a heart attack during production. Art Stevens, an animator, was then selected as the new co-director.
Animation
After the commercial success of The Aristocats (1970), then-vice president Ron Miller pledged that new animators should be hired to ensure "a continuity of quality Disney animated films for another generation." Eric Larson, one of the "Nine Old Men" animators, scouted for potential artists who were studying at art schools and colleges throughout the United States. More than 60 artists were brought into the training program. Then, the selected trainees were to create a black-and-white animation test, which were reviewed at the end of the month. The process would continue for several months, in which the few finalists were first employed as in-betweeners working only on nights and weekends. By 1977, more than 25 artists were hired during the training program. Among those selected were Glen Keane, Ron Clements, and Andy Gaskill, all of whom would play crucial roles in the Disney Renaissance. Because of this, The Rescuers was the first collaboration between the newly recruited trainees and the senior animators. It would also mark the last joint effort by Milt Kahl, Ollie Johnston, and Frank Thomas, and the first Disney film Don Bluth had worked on as a directing animator, instead of as an assistant animator.
Ever since One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), animation for theatrical Disney animated films had been done by xerography, which had only been able to produce black outlines. By the time The Rescuers was in production, the technology had been improved for the cel artists to use a medium-grey toner in order to create a softer-looking line.
Music
The songwriting team of Carol Connors and Ayn Robbins first met in 1973 on a double date. Before then, Connors had co-composed and sang successful songs such as "To Know Him Is to Love Him" and "Hey Little Cobra" with the Teddy Bears. Meanwhile, Robbins worked as a personal secretary to actors George Kennedy and Eva Gabor and wrote unpublished poetry. On their first collaboration, they composed eleven songs for a Christmas show for an unproduced animated film. In spite of this, they were offered an interview from Walt Disney Productions to compose songs for The Rescuers. Describing their collaborative process, Robbins noted "...Carol plays the piano and I play the pencil." During production, both women were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Gonna Fly Now" from Rocky (1976) with Bill Conti.
Additionally, Connors and Robbins collaborated with composer Sammy Fain on the song, "Someone's Waiting for You". Most of the songs they had written for the film were performed by Shelby Flint. Also, for the first time since Bambi (1942), all the most prominent songs were sung as part of a narrative, as opposed to by the film's characters as in most Disney animated films.
Songs
Original songs performed in the film include:
Songs heard in the film but not released on the soundtrack include:
"Faith is a Bluebird" – Although not an actual song, it is a poem recited by Rufus and partially by Penny in a flashback the old cat has to when he last saw the small orphan girl, and comforted her through the poem, about having faith. The titular bluebird that appears in this sequence originally appeared in Alice in Wonderland (1951).
"The U.S. Air Force" – Serves as the leitmotif for Orville.
"For Penny's a Jolly Good Fellow" – Sung by the orphan children at the end of the film, as a variation of the song "For He's a Jolly Good Fellow".
Release
On June 19, 1977, The Rescuers premiered at the AFI Silver Theatre in Washington, D.C. During the film's initial theatrical run, the film was released as a double feature with the live-action nature documentary film, A Tale of Two Critters. On December 16, 1983, The Rescuers was re-released to theaters accompanied with the new Mickey Mouse featurette, Mickey's Christmas Carol, which marked the character's first theatrical appearance after a 30-year absence. In anticipation of its upcoming theatrically released sequel in 1990, The Rescuers Down Under, The Rescuers saw another successful theatrical run on March 17, 1989.
Marketing
To tie in with the film's 25th anniversary, The Rescuers debuted in the Walt Disney Classics Collection line in 2002, with three different figures featuring three of the film's characters, as well as the opening title scroll. The three figures were sculpted by Dusty Horner and they were: Brave Bianca, featuring Miss Bianca the heroine and priced at $75, Bold Bernard, featuring hero Bernard, priced also at $75 and Evinrude Base, featuring Evinrude the dragonfly and priced at $85. The title scroll featuring the film's name, The Rescuers, and from the opening song sequence, "The Journey," was priced at $30. All figures were retired in March 2005, except for the opening title scroll which was suspended in December 2012.
The Rescuers was the inspiration for another Walt Disney Classics Collection figure in 2003. Ken Melton was the sculptor of Teddy Goes With Me, My Dear, a limited-edition, 8-inch sculpture featuring the evil Madame Medusa, the orphan girl Penny, her teddy bear "Teddy" and the Devil's Eye diamond. Exactly 1,977 of these sculptures were made, in reference to the film's release year, 1977. The sculpture was priced at $299 and instantly declared retired in 2003.
In November 2008, a sixth sculpture inspired by the film was released. Made with pewter and resin, Cleared For Take Off introduced the character of Orville into the collection and featured Bernard and Bianca a second time. The piece, inspired by Orville's take-off scene in the film, was sculpted by Ruben Procopio.
Home media
The Rescuers premiered on VHS and LaserDisc on September 18, 1992 as part of the Walt Disney Classics series. The release went into moratorium on April 30, 1993. It was re-released on VHS as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection on January 5, 1999, but was recalled three days later and reissued on March 23, 1999 (see "Nudity scandal").
The Rescuers was released on DVD on May 20, 2003, as a standard edition, which was discontinued in November 2011.
On August 21, 2012, a 35th-anniversary edition of The Rescuers was released on Blu-ray alongside its sequel in a "2-Movie Collection".
Nudity scandal
On January 8, 1999, three days after the film's second release on home video, The Walt Disney Company announced a recall of about 3.4 million copies of the videotapes because there was an objectionable image in one of the film's backgrounds.
The image in question is a blurry image of a topless woman with breasts and nipples showing. The image appears twice in non-consecutive frames during the scene in which Miss Bianca and Bernard are flying on Orville's back through New York City. The two images could not be seen in ordinary viewing because the film runs too fast—at 24 frames per second.
On January 10, 1999, two days after the recall was announced, the London newspaper The Independent reported:A Disney spokeswoman said that the images in The Rescuers were placed in the film during post-production, but she declined to say what they were or who placed them... The company said the aim of the recall was to keep its promise to families that they can trust and rely on the Disney brand to provide the best in family entertainment.
The Rescuers home video was reissued on March 23, 1999, with the inappropriate nudity edited and blocked out.
Reception
Box office
The Rescuers was successful upon its original theatrical release earning worldwide gross rentals of $48 million at the box office. During its initial release in France, it out-grossed Star Wars (1977) receiving admissions of $7.2 million. The film also became the highest-grossing film in West Germany at the time with admissions of 9.7 million. By the end of its theatrical run, the distributor rentals amounted to $19 million in the United States and Canada while its international rentals totaled $41 million.
The Rescuers was re-released in 1983 in which it grossed $21 million domestically. The film was again re-released in 1989 and grossed $21.2 million domestically. In its total lifetime domestic gross, the film has grossed $71.2 million, and its total lifetime worldwide gross is $169 million.
Critical reaction
The Rescuers was said to be Disney's greatest film since Mary Poppins (1964), and seemed to signal a new golden age for Disney animation. Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times praised the film as "the best feature-length animated film from Disney in a decade or more—the funniest, the most inventive, the least self-conscious, the most coherent, and moving from start to finish, and probably most important of all, it is also the most touching in that unique way fantasy has of carrying vibrations of real life and real feelings." Gary Arnold of The Washington Post wrote the film "is one of the most rousing and appealing animated features ever made by the Disney studio. The last production for several members of the original feature animation unit assembled by Walt Disney in the late '30s, the film is both a triumphant swan song and gladdening act of regeneration." Dave Kehr of The Chicago Reader praised the film as "a beautifully crafted and wonderfully expressive cartoon feature," calling it "genuinely funny and touching." Variety magazine wrote the film was "the best work by Disney animators in many years, restoring the craft to its former glories. In addition, it has a more adventurous approach to color and background stylization than previous Disney efforts have displayed, with a delicate pastel palette used to wide-ranging effect."
Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote that the film "doesn't belong in the same category as the great Disney cartoon features (Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs, Bambi, Fantasia) but it's a reminder of a kind of slickly cheerful, animated entertainment that has become all but extinct." Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four writing, "To see any Disney animated film these days is to compare it with Disney classics released 30 or 40 years ago. Judged against Pinocchio, for example. The Rescuers is lightweight, indeed. Its themes are forgettable. It's mostly an adventure story." TV Guide gave the film three stars out of five, opining that The Rescuers "is a beautifully animated film that showed Disney still knew a lot about making quality children's fare even as their track record was weakening." They also praised the voice acting of the characters, and stated that the film is "a delight for children as well as adults who appreciate good animation and brisk storytelling." Ellen MacKay of Common Sense Media gave the film four out of five stars, writing, "Great adventure, but too dark for preschoolers".
In his book, The Disney Films, film historian Leonard Maltin refers to The Rescuers as "a breath of fresh air for everyone who had been concerned about the future of animation at Walt Disney's," praises its "humor and imagination and [that it is] expertly woven into a solid story structure [...] with a delightful cast of characters." Finally, he declares the film "the most satisfying animated feature to come from the studio since 101 Dalmatians." He also briefly mentions the ease with which the film surpassed other animated films of its time. The film's own animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston stated on their website that The Rescuers had been their return to a film with heart and also considered it their best film without Walt Disney. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received approval rating, with an average rating of based on reviews. The website's consensus states: "Featuring superlative animation, off-kilter characters, and affectionate voice work by Bob Newhart and Eva Gabor, The Rescuers represents a bright spot in Disney's post-golden age." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 74 out of 100 based on 8 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Jack Shaheen, in his study of Hollywood portrayals and stereotypes of Arabs, noted the inclusion of delegates from Arab countries in the Rescue Aid Society.
Accolades
In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated The Rescuers for its Top 10 Animated Films list.
Legacy
Bernard and Bianca made appearances as meet-and-greet characters at Walt Disney World and Disneyland in the years following the original film's release. While they currently do not make regular appearances at the American parks, both continue to appear regularly at Tokyo Disney Resort. In 2024 both characters are set to appear as figures in the upcoming Tiana's Bayou Adventure ride (based on the 2009 film The Princess and the Frog) in Critter Country at Disneyland and Frontierland at Walt Disney World.
Like other Disney animated characters, the characters of the film have recurring cameo appearances in the television series House of Mouse.
In the Disney Infinity video games, Medusa's Swamp Mobile was introduced as a vehicle in Disney Infinity 2.0.
In the world builder video game Disney Magic Kingdoms, Bernard, Miss Bianca, Penny, Madame Medusa, and Orville appear as playable characters in the main storyline of the game, along with The Rescue Aid Society and Madame Medusa's Riverboat as attractions.
Along with other Walt Disney Animation Studios characters, the main characters of the film have cameo appearances in the short film Once Upon a Studio.
Sequel
The Rescuers was the first Disney animated film to have a sequel. After three successful theatrical releases of the original film, The Rescuers Down Under was released theatrically on November 16, 1990.
The Rescuers Down Under takes place in the Australian Outback, and involves Bernard and Bianca trying to rescue a boy named Cody and a giant golden eagle called Marahute from a greedy poacher named Percival C. McLeach. Both Bob Newhart and Eva Gabor reprised their lead roles. Since Jim Jordan, who had voiced Orville, had since died, a new character, Wilbur (Orville's brother, another albatross), was created and voiced by John Candy.
See also
1977 in film
List of American films of 1977
List of animated feature films of 1977
List of highest-grossing animated films
List of highest-grossing films in France
List of Walt Disney Pictures films
List of Disney theatrical animated feature films
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
1970s American animated films
1970s children's animated films
1970s buddy comedy-drama films
1977 comedy-drama films
1970s crime drama films
1970s crime comedy films
1970s fantasy adventure films
1970s English-language films
1977 animated films
1977 films
1970s adventure comedy-drama films
1970s children's fantasy films
1970s coming-of-age films
American buddy comedy-drama films
American children's animated adventure films
American children's animated comedy films
American children's animated drama films
American children's animated fantasy films
American adventure comedy-drama films
American coming-of-age films
American fantasy adventure films
Animated buddy films
Animated coming-of-age films
Animated films about birds
Animated films about cats
Animated films about mice
Animated films about crocodilians
Animated films about orphans
Animated films based on children's books
Animated films set in New York City
Film controversies
Disney controversies
Films based on works by Margery Sharp
Films about child abduction in the United States
Films about the United Nations
Films based on multiple works of a series
Films directed by John Lounsbery
Films directed by Wolfgang Reitherman
Films directed by Art Stevens
Films produced by Ron W. Miller
Animated films set in Louisiana
Obscenity controversies in film
Obscenity controversies in animation
Walt Disney Animation Studios films
Walt Disney Pictures animated films
Films with screenplays by Burny Mattinson
Films with screenplays by Larry Clemmons
Films with screenplays by Ken Anderson
Films with screenplays by Vance Gerry |
```go
// Package natsort implements natural strings sorting
package natsort
import (
"regexp"
"sort"
"strconv"
)
type stringSlice []string
func (s stringSlice) Len() int {
return len(s)
}
func (s stringSlice) Less(a, b int) bool {
return Compare(s[a], s[b])
}
func (s stringSlice) Swap(a, b int) {
s[a], s[b] = s[b], s[a]
}
var chunkifyRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`(\d+|\D+)`)
func chunkify(s string) []string {
return chunkifyRegexp.FindAllString(s, -1)
}
// Sort sorts a list of strings in a natural order
func Sort(l []string) {
sort.Sort(stringSlice(l))
}
// Compare returns true if the first string precedes the second one according to natural order
func Compare(a, b string) bool {
chunksA := chunkify(a)
chunksB := chunkify(b)
nChunksA := len(chunksA)
nChunksB := len(chunksB)
for i := range chunksA {
if i >= nChunksB {
return false
}
aInt, aErr := strconv.Atoi(chunksA[i])
bInt, bErr := strconv.Atoi(chunksB[i])
// If both chunks are numeric, compare them as integers
if aErr == nil && bErr == nil {
if aInt == bInt {
if i == nChunksA-1 {
// We reached the last chunk of A, thus B is greater than A
return true
} else if i == nChunksB-1 {
// We reached the last chunk of B, thus A is greater than B
return false
}
continue
}
return aInt < bInt
}
// So far both strings are equal, continue to next chunk
if chunksA[i] == chunksB[i] {
if i == nChunksA-1 {
// We reached the last chunk of A, thus B is greater than A
return true
} else if i == nChunksB-1 {
// We reached the last chunk of B, thus A is greater than B
return false
}
continue
}
return chunksA[i] < chunksB[i]
}
return false
}
``` |
The greyface moray eel, also called the freckled moray, slender moray, or white-eyed moray, Gymnothorax thyrsoideus, is a species of marine fish in the family Muraenidae.
Description
The Greyface moray is a medium-sized fish that is most commonly observed at lengths of around 40 cm, reaching a maximum length of 66 cm.
Its body is serpentine in shape, is speckled with small dark spots and has a predominantly beige color that can vary in strength between different eels .
The head is grey with distinctive white eyes. Here is a video of the eel in its natural habitat.
Distribution and habitat
The greyface moray is widespread throughout the Indo-Pacific area from India and the Maldives to Polynesia and from south Japan to Australia and New Caledonia.
This moray likes shallow and somewhat turbid waters from lagoons, protected reefs and areas rich in debris like wrecks around 35 meters deep.
Biology
The greyface moray is a carnivore of benthic fish. During the day, it sits in a shelter, often with other morays. When night arrives it leaves its lair and actively hunts prey, consisting of small fish and crustaceans.
References
External links
thyrsoideus
Fish described in 1845 |
```html
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<h1>QVM: Quaternions, Vectors, Matrices</h1>
</div>
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url -->
<div class="RenoIncludeDIV"><div class="RenoAutoDIV"><h3>BOOST_QVM_THROW_EXCEPTION</h3>
</div>
<div class="RenoIncludeDIV"><p><span class="RenoEscape">#<!--<wiki>`#</wiki>--></span>include <<span class="RenoLink"><a href="boost_qvm_throw_exception_hpp.html">boost/qvm/throw_exception.hpp</a></span>></p>
<div class="RenoIncludeDIV"><pre>#ifndef <span class="RenoLink">BOOST_QVM_THROW_EXCEPTION</span>
#include <span class="RenoLink"><a href="www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/libs/exception/doc/boost_throw_exception_hpp.html"><boost/throw_exception.hpp></a></span>
#define <span class="RenoLink">BOOST_QVM_THROW_EXCEPTION</span> <span class="RenoLink"><a href="path_to_url">BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION</a></span>
#endif</pre>
</div></div><p>This macro is used whenever Boost QVM throws an exception. Users who override the standard <span class="RenoLink">BOOST_QVM_THROW_EXCEPTION</span> behavior must ensure that when invoked, the substituted implementation does not return control to the caller. Below is a list of all QVM functions that invoke <span class="RenoLink">BOOST_QVM_THROW_EXCEPTION</span>:</p>
<div class="RenoPageList"><a href="inverse_mat_.html">inverse(mat)</a><br/>
<a href="inverse_quat_.html">inverse(quat)</a><br/>
<a href="normalize_quat_.html">normalize(quat)</a><br/>
<a href="normalize_vec_.html">normalize(vec)</a><br/>
<a href="normalized_quat_.html">normalized(quat)</a><br/>
<a href="normalized_vec_.html">normalized(vec)</a><br/>
<a href="rot_mat.html">rot_mat</a><br/>
<a href="rot_quat.html">rot_quat</a></div>
</div><div class="RenoAutoDIV"><div class="RenoHR"><hr/></div>
See also: <span class="RenoPageList"><a href="boost_qvm_throw_exception_hpp.html">boost/qvm/throw_exception.hpp</a></span>
</div>
<div class="RenoAutoDIV"><div class="RenoHR"><hr/></div>
See also: <span class="RenoPageList"><a href="boost_qvm_throw_exception_hpp.html">boost/qvm/throw_exception.hpp</a></span>
</div>
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The Nimr () is a family of all-terrain military armored personnel carrier (APC) vehicles, co-developed with Military Industrial Company and produced by Nimr LLC in the United Arab Emirates. The Nimr is designed specifically for military operations in the harsh desert climates found in the Middle East.
Development
The Nimr is a multipurpose vehicle intended to address the requirements for replacement of existing 4×4 armored personnel carrier, primarily in the Middle East and Asia.
Production of the first prototype of Nimr vehicles was conducted by engineers from a subsidiary of GAZ and the first prototype of the vehicles was introduced in 2000. Further development was undertaken by Bin Jabr Group which teamed up with Rheinmetall and MBDA to incorporate air defense and anti tank defense mechanisms called NIMRAD and NIMRAT. The first Nimr vehicle was unveiled to the public in IDEX 2007.
In February 2009, Bin Jabr group and Tawazun Holdings set up a joint venture to produce the vehicle which was called Nimr Automotive LLC.
The production facilities are located in the Tawazun Industrial Park in Abu Dhabi.
In July 2012, Algeria and the United Arab Emirates signed an agreement for production of the armored vehicle in Algeria for the North African market.
Types
AJBAN
AJBAN 420
AJBAN 440
AJBAN 440A (Equipped with anti-tank guided missiles)
AJBAN 447
AJBAN 447A
AJBAN 450
AJBAN ISV Internal Security Vehicle
AJBAN LRSOV Special Operations Vehicle (SOV)
AJBAN VIP
HAFEET
HAFEET Class:
HAFEET 620
HAFEET 620A Logistics and Utility Vehicle
HAFEET 640A Artillery Support Vehicle (Observation and Command & Control configurations)
HAFEET APC
HAFEET Ambulance
JAIS
JAIS Class:
JAIS 4x4
JAIS 6x6
Operators
Potential operators
References
External links
Nimr II datasheet in arymrecognition.com
Military trucks
Off-road vehicles
Armoured fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period
Military vehicles of the United Arab Emirates
Military light utility vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s
Wheeled armoured personnel carriers |
Unleashed is the second and final album by the American hip hop group The UMC's. It was released on January 25, 1994 under Wild Pitch Records.
Track listing
Charts
References
External links
1994 albums
The U.M.C.'s albums
Wild Pitch Records albums |
Bulbophyllum ialibuense is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
ialibuense |
Anoka is an unincorporated community in Washington Township, Cass County, Indiana.
History
A post office was established at Anoka in 1856, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1903. One source speculates the name Anoka might be of Sioux origin.
Geography
Anoka is located at .
References
Unincorporated communities in Cass County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana |
The Women's pole vault at the 2014 Commonwealth Games, as part of the athletics programme, was held at Hampden Park on 2 August 2014.
Records
Final
References
Women's pole vault
2014
2014 in women's athletics |
Speech balloons (also speech bubbles, dialogue balloons, or word balloons) are a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books, comics, and cartoons to allow words (and much less often, pictures) to be understood as representing a character's speech or thoughts. A formal distinction is often made between the balloon that indicates speech and the one that indicates thoughts; the balloon that conveys thoughts is often referred to as a thought bubble or conversation cloud.
History
One of the earliest antecedents to the modern speech bubble were the "speech scrolls", wispy lines that connected first-person speech to the mouths of the speakers in Mesoamerican art between 600 and 900 AD.
Earlier, paintings, depicting stories in subsequent frames, using descriptive text resembling bubbles-text, were used in murals, one such example written in Greek, dating to the 2nd century, found in Capitolias, today in Jordan.
In Western graphic art, labels that reveal what a pictured figure is saying have appeared since at least the 13th century. These were in common European use by the early 16th century. Word balloons (also known as "banderoles") began appearing in 18th-century printed broadsides, and political cartoons from the American Revolution (including some published by Benjamin Franklin) often used themas did cartoonist James Gillray in Britain. They later became disused, but by 1904 had regained their popularity, although they were still considered novel enough to require explanation. With the development of the comics industry during the 20th century, the appearance of speech balloons has become increasingly standardized, though the formal conventions that have evolved in different cultures (USA as opposed to Japan, for example) can be quite distinct.
In the UK in 1825 The Glasgow Looking Glass, regarded as the world's first comic magazine, was created by English satirical cartoonist William Heath. Containing the world's first comic strip, it also made it the first to use speech bubbles.
Richard F. Outcault's Yellow Kid is generally credited as the first American comic strip character. His words initially appeared on his yellow shirt, but word balloons very much like those used presently were added almost immediately, as early as 1896. By the start of the 20th century, word balloons were ubiquitous; since that time, few American comic strips and comic books have relied on captions, notably Hal Foster's Prince Valiant and the early Tarzan comic strip during the 1930s. In Europe, where text comics were more common, the adoption of speech balloons was slower, with well-known examples being Alain Saint-Ogan's Zig et Puce (1925), Hergé's The Adventures of Tintin (1929), and Rob-Vel's Spirou (1938).
Popular forms
Speech bubbles
The most common is the speech bubble. It is used in two forms for two circumstances: an in-panel character and an off-panel character. An in-panel character (one who is fully or mostly visible in the panel of the strip of comic that the reader is viewing) uses a bubble with a pointer, termed a tail, directed towards the speaker.
When one character has multiple balloons within a panel, often only the balloon nearest to the speaker's head has a tail, and the others are connected to it in sequence by narrow bands. This style is often used in Mad Magazine, due to its "call-and-response" dialogue-based humor.
An off-panel character (the comic book equivalent of being "off screen") has several options, some of them rather unconventional. The first is a standard speech bubble with a tail pointing toward the speaker's position (sometimes seen with a symbol at the end to represent specific characters). The second option, which originated in manga, has the tail pointing into the bubble, instead of out. (This tail is still pointing towards the speaker.) The third option replaces the tail with a sort of bottleneck that connects with the side of the panel. It can be seen in the works of Marjane Satrapi (author of Persepolis).
In American comics, a bubble without a tail means that the speaker is not merely outside the reader's field of view, but also invisible to the viewpoint character, often as an unspecified member of a crowd.
Characters distant (in space or time) from the scene of the panel can still speak, in squared bubbles without a tail; this usage, equivalent to voice-over for movies, is not uncommon in American comics for dramatic contrast. In contrast to captions, the corners of such balloons never coincide with those of the panel; for further distinction, they often have a double outline, a different background color, or quotation marks.
Thought bubbles
Thought bubbles are used in two forms, the chain thought bubble and the "fuzzy" bubble.
The chain thought bubble is the almost universal symbol for thinking in cartoons. It consists of a large, cloud-like bubble containing the text of the thought, with a chain of increasingly smaller circular bubbles leading to the character. Some artists use an elliptical bubble instead of a cloud-shaped one.
Often, non-human characters such as Snoopy and Garfield "talk" using thought bubbles. They may also be used in circumstances when a character is gagged or otherwise unable to speak.
Another, less conventional thought bubble has emerged: the "fuzzy" thought bubble. Used in manga (by such artists as Ken Akamatsu), the fuzzy bubble is roughly circular in shape (generally), but the edge of the bubble is not a line but a collection of spikes close to each other, creating the impression of fuzziness. Fuzzy thought bubbles do not use tails, and are placed near the character who is thinking.
Thought bubbles are sometimes seen as an inefficient method of expressing thought because they are attached directly to the head of the thinker, unlike methods such as caption boxes, which can be used both as an expression of thought and narration while existing in an entirely different panel from the character thinking. However, they are restricted to the current viewpoint character. An example is Alan Moore and David Lloyd's V for Vendetta, wherein during one chapter, a monologue expressed in captions serves not only to express the thoughts of a character but also the mood, status and actions of three others.
Other forms
The shape of a speech balloon can be used to convey further information. Common ones include the following:
Scream bubbles indicate a character is screaming or shouting, usually with a jagged outline or a thicker line which can be colored. Their lettering is usually larger or bolder than normal.
Broadcast bubbles (also known as radio bubbles) may have a jagged tail like the conventional drawing of a lightning flash and either a squared-off or jagged outline. Letters are sometimes italicised without also being bold. Broadcast bubbles indicate that the speaker is communicating through an electronic device, such as a telephone, radio or television, or is robotic.
Whisper bubbles are usually drawn with a dashed (dotted) outline, smaller font or gray lettering to indicate the tone is softer, as most speech is printed in black. Another form, sometimes encountered in manga, looks like an occidental thought bubble.
Icicle bubbles have jagged "icicles" on the lower edge, representing "cold" hostility.
Monster bubbles have blood or slime dripping from them.
Colored bubbles can be used to convey the emotion that goes with the speech, such as red for anger or green for envy. This style is seldom used in modern comics. Alternatively (especially in online-published comics), colours can be used to provide an additional cue about who is speaking. Main characters often have individual thematic colours, and their speech bubbles are frequently tinted with their colour; especially in situations when there are not any characters visible for speech bubbles to point toward.
Captions
Captions are generally used for narration purposes, such as showing location and time, or conveying editorial commentary. They are generally rectangular and positioned near the edge of the panel. Often they are also colored to indicate the difference between themselves and the word balloons used by the characters, which are almost always white. Increasingly in modern comics, captions are frequently used to convey an internal monologue or typical speech.
Artist-specific variations
Some characters and strips use unconventional methods of communication. Perhaps the most notable is the Yellow Kid, an early American comic strip character. His (but not the other characters') words would appear on his large, smock-like shirt. Shirt Tales, a short-run American animated TV series of the early 1980s used this same concept, but with changing phrases on the "T-shirts" worn by the animal-based characters, depending on the characters' thoughts.
Also noteworthy are the many variations of the form created by Dave Sim for his comic Cerebus the Aardvark. Depending on the shape, size, and position of the bubble, as well as the texture and shape of the letters within it, Sim could convey large amounts of information about the speaker. This included separate bubbles for different states of mind (drunkenness, etc.), for echoes, and a special class of bubbles for one single floating apparition.
An early pioneer in experimenting with many different types of speech balloons and lettering for different types of speech was Walt Kelly, for his Pogo strip. Deacon Mushrat speaks with blackletter words, P.T. Bridgeport speaks in circus posters, Sarcophagus MacAbre speaks in condolence cards, "Mr. Pig" (a take on Nikita Khrushchev) speaks in faux Cyrillic, etc.
In the famous French comic series Asterix, Goscinny and Uderzo use bubbles without tails to indicate a distant or unseen speaker. They have also experimented with using different types of lettering for characters of different nationalities to indicate that they speak a different language which Asterix may not understand; Goths speak in blackletter, Greeks in angular lettering (though always understood by the Gaulish main characters, so it is more of an accent than a language), Norse with "Nørdic åccents", Egyptians in faux hieroglyphs (depictive illustrations and rebuses), etc. Another experiment with speech bubbles was exclusive to one book, Asterix and the Roman Agent. The agent in question is a vile manipulator who creates discord in a group of people with a single innocent-sounding comment. His victims start quarreling and ultimately fighting each other while speaking in green-colored speech bubbles.
Font variation is a common tactic in comics. The Sandman series, written by Neil Gaiman and lettered by Todd Klein, features many characters whose speech bubbles are written with a font that is exclusive to them. For examples, the main character, the gloomy Dream, speaks in wavy-edged bubbles, completely black, with similarly wavy white lettering. His sister, the scatterbrained and whimsical Delirium speaks in bubbles in a many-colored explosive background with uneven lettering, and the irreverent raven Matthew speaks in a shaky angular kind of bubble with scratchy lettering. Other characters, such as John Dee, have special shapes of bubbles for their own.
For Mad magazine's recurring comic strip Monroe, certain words are written larger or in unusual fonts for emphasis.
In manga, there is a tendency to include the speech necessary for the storyline in balloons, while small scribbles outside the balloons add side comments, often used for irony or to show that they are said in a much smaller voice. Satsuki Yotsuba in the manga series Negima is notable because she speaks almost entirely in side scribble.
Graphic symbols
Speech bubbles are used not only to include a character's words, but also emotions, voice inflections and unspecified language.
Punctuation marks
One of the universal emblems of the art of comics is the use of a single punctuation mark to depict a character's emotions, much more efficiently than any possible sentence. A speech bubble with a single big question mark (?) (often drawn by hand, not counted as part of the lettering) denotes confusion or ignorance. An exclamation mark (!) indicates surprise or terror. This device is used much in the European comic tradition, the Belgian artist Hergé's The Adventures of Tintin series being a good example. Sometimes, the punctuation marks stand alone above the character's head, with no bubble needed.
In manga, the ellipsis (i.e. three dots) is also used to express silence in a much more significant way than the mere absence of bubbles. This is specially seen when a character is supposed to say something, to indicate a stunned silence or when a sarcastic comment is expected by the reader. The ellipsis, along with the big drop of sweat on the character's temple – usually depicting shame, confusion, or embarrassment caused by other people's actions – is one of the Japanese graphic symbols that have become used by other comics around the world, although they are still rare in Western tradition. Japanese even has a sound effect for "deafening silence", .
Foreign languages
In many comic books, words that would be foreign to the narration but are displayed in translation for the reader are surrounded by brackets or chevrons .
Gilbert Hernandez's series about Palomar is written in English, but supposed to take place mainly in a Hispanic country. Thus, what is supposed to be representations of Spanish speech is written without brackets, but occasional actual English speech is written within brackets, to indicate that it is unintelligible to the main Hispanophone characters in the series.
Some comics will have the actual foreign language in the speech balloon, with the translation as a footnote; this is done with Latin aphorisms in Asterix. In the webcomic Stand Still, Stay Silent, in which characters may speak up to five different languages in the same scene, most dialogue is unmarked (languages mostly being inferred by who is speaking and to whom), but miniature flags indicate the language being spoken where this is relevant.
Another convention is to put the foreign speech in a distinctive lettering style; for example, Asterix's Goths speak in blackletter.
Since the Japanese language uses two writing directionalities (vertical, which is the traditional direction; and horizontal, as most other languages), manga has a convention of representing translated foreign speech as horizontal text.
The big Z
It is a convention for American comics that the sound of a snore is represented as a series of Z's, dating back at least to Rudolph Dirks' early 20th-century strip The Katzenjammer Kids. This practice has even been reduced to a single letter Z, so that a speech bubble with this letter standing all alone means the character is sleeping in most humorous comics. This can be seen, for instance, in Charles Schulz's Peanuts comic strips.
The resemblance between the 'z' sound and that of a snore is a frequent feature in other countries. However, in Japanese manga the common symbol for sleep is a large bubble of snot coming out of a character's nose.
Drawings within the speech bubble
Singing characters usually have musical notes drawn into their word balloons. Archie Comics' Melody Valentine, a character in their Josie and the Pussycats comic, has musical notes drawn into her word balloons at all times, to convey that she speaks in a sing-song voice.
The above-mentioned Albert Uderzo in the Asterix series decorates speech bubbles with beautiful flowers depicting an extremely soft, sweet voice (usually preceding a violent outburst by the same character).
A stormy cloud with a rough lightning shape sticking out of it, either in a bubble or just floating above the character's head as a modified 'cloudy' thought bubble, depicts anger, not always verbally expressed.
Light bulbs are sometimes used when the character thinks of an idea or solution to a problem.
In the Western world, it is common to replace profanity with a string of nonsense symbols (&%$@*$#), sometimes termed grawlixes. In comics that are usually addressed to children or teenagers, bad language is censored by replacing it with more or less elaborate drawings and expressionistic symbols. For example, instead of calling someone a swine, a pig is drawn in the speech bubble.
One example is the Spanish series, created by Francisco Ibáñez. Although not specifically addressed to children, was initiated during Francisco Franco's dictatorship, when censorship was common and rough language was prohibited. When Ibáñez's characters are angry, donkey heads, lightning, lavatories, billy goats and even faux Japanese characters are often seen in their bubbles.
When was portrayed in a movie by Spanish director Javier Fesser in 2003, one of the critiques made to his otherwise successful adaptation was the character's use of words that never appeared in the comics. Fesser claimed: "When you see a bubble speech containing a lightning falling on a pig, what do you imagine the character's saying?"
Order
In order for comic strip and graphic novel dialogue to make sense, it has to be read in order. Thus, conventions have evolved in the order in which the communication bubbles are read. The individual bubbles are read in the order of the language. For example, in English, the bubbles are read from left to right in a panel, while in Japanese, it is the other way around. Sometimes the bubbles are "stacked", with two characters having multiple bubbles, one above the other. Such stacks are read from the top down.
Lettering
Traditionally, a cartoonist or occupational letterer would draw in all the individual letters in the balloons and sound effects by hand. A modern alternative, used by most comics presently and universal in English-translated manga, is to letter with computer programs. The fonts used usually emulate the style of hand-lettering.
Traditionally, most mainstream comic books are lettered entirely in upper-case, with a few exceptions:
Name particles such as de and von, and the "c" in a surname of Scottish or Irish origin starting with Mc.
To indicate a frightened or quiet manner of speech.
An interjection such as "er", "um", etc.
When hand-lettering, upper-case lettering saves time and effort because it requires drawing only three guidelines, while mixed-case lettering requires five.
For a few comics, uppercase and lowercase are used as in ordinary writing. Since the mid-1980s, mixed case lettering has gradually become more widely used in mainstream comic books. Some comics, such as Pearls Before Swine, also use lowercase speech to mark a distinctive accent (in this case, the male crocodiles' accented speech, opposed to all other characters who use standard uppercase speech).
From 2002 to 2004, Marvel Comics experimented with mixed-case lettering for all its comic books. Most mainstream titles have since returned to traditional all upper-case lettering.
For many comics, although the lettering is entirely in capital letters, serif versions of "I" are used exclusively where a capital I would appear in normal print text, and a sans-serif (i.e., a simple vertical line) is used in all other places. This reduces confusion with the number one, and also serves to indicate when the personal pronoun "I" is meant. This lettering convention can be seen in computer fonts designed for comic book lettering, which use OpenType contextual alternates to replace the single-stroke "I" with a serifed one in appropriate contexts.
In some comics, characters who are upside down when speaking also have the lettering in their speech bubbles turned upside down. As this only hinders the reading of the comic, this seems to be used only for humorous effect.
Substance of balloons
In several occasions, comics artists have used balloons (or similar narrative devices) as if they have true substance, usually for humorous meta-like purposes. In Peanuts, for example, the notes played by Schroeder occasionally take substance and are used in various ways, including Christmas decorations or perches for birds. Sometimes balloons can be influenced by the strip's environment: in the Italian strip Sturmtruppen they freeze and crack when the temperature is very low, or an Archie comic strip where two men from Alaska remarked on how cold it was, by saying the speech balloons froze as they said them, and the words had to be thawed out to be heard.
In the Flemish series Suske en Wiske, on one occasion a thought bubble full of mathematical formulas is cut open with scissors and its contents emptied in a bag, to be saved for later (in a manner not unlike the pensieve in the Harry Potter series). In the same series, speech balloons are occasionally even held and blown up to function as actual balloons or the words of the speech bubble are occasionally shown coming out the side of the speech bubble, to signify that the speaker is moving so fast that their words cannot keep up with them, i.e. at supersonic speed.
In the novel Who Censored Roger Rabbit?, the last words of a murdered Toon (cartoon character) are found under his body in the form of a speech balloon.
Computer-generated speech balloons
Many digital artists generate speech balloons with general-purpose illustration software. Products like Comic Book Creator for Microsoft Windows, Comic Life for Mac OS X and Windows were developed for the non-professional part of the market.
Encoding
Unicode character was added with Unicode 6.0 in 2010. It can also be produced with ":speech_ballooon:" on Slack and GitHub. (":left_speech_bubble:") was added with Unicode 7.0 in 2014.
👁️🗨️ EYE IN SPEECH BUBBLE is a ZWJ sequence added to Emoji 2.0 in 2015.
See also
Balloon help
Cartouche – an oval design, often with text inside.
Image macro
The Bubble Project
Pop-Up Video, a television show where pop-up "bubbles" appear on the music video giving additional information
References
External links
"13 Things You Didn't Know About Comic-Book Lettering", 13th Dimension
Comics terminology
Language |
Notable authors who have written dramatic works in the Russian language include:
Alphabetical list
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
Z
See also
List of Russian-language writers
List of Russian-language novelists
List of Russian-language poets
List of Russian artists
List of Russian architects
List of Russian inventors
List of Russian explorers
Russian culture
Russian literature
Russian language
Russian culture
Russian playwrights
Playwrights
Russian
Playwrights |
Aechmutes lycoides is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1867.
References
Rhinotragini
Beetles described in 1867 |
```objective-c
// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
// path_to_url
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Author: kenton@google.com (Kenton Varda)
// atenasio@google.com (Chris Atenasio) (ZigZag transform)
// Based on original Protocol Buffers design by
// Sanjay Ghemawat, Jeff Dean, and others.
//
// This header is logically internal, but is made public because it is used
// from protocol-compiler-generated code, which may reside in other components.
#ifndef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_H__
#define GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_H__
#include <string>
#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
#include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
#include <google/protobuf/message.h>
#include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.h>
namespace google {
namespace protobuf {
namespace io {
class CodedInputStream; // coded_stream.h
class CodedOutputStream; // coded_stream.h
}
class UnknownFieldSet; // unknown_field_set.h
}
namespace protobuf {
namespace internal {
// This class is for internal use by the protocol buffer library and by
// protocol-complier-generated message classes. It must not be called
// directly by clients.
//
// This class contains code for implementing the binary protocol buffer
// wire format via reflection. The WireFormatLite class implements the
// non-reflection based routines.
//
// This class is really a namespace that contains only static methods
class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT WireFormat {
public:
// Given a field return its WireType
static inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireTypeForField(
const FieldDescriptor* field);
// Given a FieldDescriptor::Type return its WireType
static inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireTypeForFieldType(
FieldDescriptor::Type type);
// Compute the byte size of a tag. For groups, this includes both the start
// and end tags.
static inline size_t TagSize(int field_number, FieldDescriptor::Type type);
// These procedures can be used to implement the methods of Message which
// handle parsing and serialization of the protocol buffer wire format
// using only the Reflection interface. When you ask the protocol
// compiler to optimize for code size rather than speed, it will implement
// those methods in terms of these procedures. Of course, these are much
// slower than the specialized implementations which the protocol compiler
// generates when told to optimize for speed.
// Read a message in protocol buffer wire format.
//
// This procedure reads either to the end of the input stream or through
// a WIRETYPE_END_GROUP tag ending the message, whichever comes first.
// It returns false if the input is invalid.
//
// Required fields are NOT checked by this method. You must call
// IsInitialized() on the resulting message yourself.
static bool ParseAndMergePartial(io::CodedInputStream* input,
Message* message);
// Serialize a message in protocol buffer wire format.
//
// Any embedded messages within the message must have their correct sizes
// cached. However, the top-level message need not; its size is passed as
// a parameter to this procedure.
//
// These return false iff the underlying stream returns a write error.
static void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
const Message& message,
int size, io::CodedOutputStream* output);
// Implements Message::ByteSize() via reflection. WARNING: The result
// of this method is *not* cached anywhere. However, all embedded messages
// will have their ByteSize() methods called, so their sizes will be cached.
// Therefore, calling this method is sufficient to allow you to call
// WireFormat::SerializeWithCachedSizes() on the same object.
static size_t ByteSize(const Message& message);
// your_sha256_hash-
// Helpers for dealing with unknown fields
// Skips a field value of the given WireType. The input should start
// positioned immediately after the tag. If unknown_fields is non-NULL,
// the contents of the field will be added to it.
static bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag,
UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
// Reads and ignores a message from the input. If unknown_fields is non-NULL,
// the contents will be added to it.
static bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input,
UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
// Read a packed enum field. If the is_valid function is not NULL, values for
// which is_valid(value) returns false are appended to unknown_fields_stream.
static bool ReadPackedEnumPreserveUnknowns(io::CodedInputStream* input,
uint32 field_number,
bool (*is_valid)(int),
UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields,
RepeatedField<int>* values);
// Write the contents of an UnknownFieldSet to the output.
static void SerializeUnknownFields(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
io::CodedOutputStream* output);
// Same as above, except writing directly to the provided buffer.
// Requires that the buffer have sufficient capacity for
// ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(unknown_fields).
//
// Returns a pointer past the last written byte.
static uint8* SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
uint8* target);
// Same thing except for messages that have the message_set_wire_format
// option.
static void SerializeUnknownMessageSetItems(
const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
io::CodedOutputStream* output);
// Same as above, except writing directly to the provided buffer.
// Requires that the buffer have sufficient capacity for
// ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(unknown_fields).
//
// Returns a pointer past the last written byte.
static uint8* SerializeUnknownMessageSetItemsToArray(
const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields,
uint8* target);
// Compute the size of the UnknownFieldSet on the wire.
static size_t ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
// Same thing except for messages that have the message_set_wire_format
// option.
static size_t ComputeUnknownMessageSetItemsSize(
const UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields);
// Helper functions for encoding and decoding tags. (Inlined below and in
// _inl.h)
//
// This is different from MakeTag(field->number(), field->type()) in the case
// of packed repeated fields.
static uint32 MakeTag(const FieldDescriptor* field);
// Parse a single field. The input should start out positioned immediately
// after the tag.
static bool ParseAndMergeField(
uint32 tag,
const FieldDescriptor* field, // May be NULL for unknown
Message* message,
io::CodedInputStream* input);
// Serialize a single field.
static void SerializeFieldWithCachedSizes(
const FieldDescriptor* field, // Cannot be NULL
const Message& message,
io::CodedOutputStream* output);
// Compute size of a single field. If the field is a message type, this
// will call ByteSize() for the embedded message, insuring that it caches
// its size.
static size_t FieldByteSize(
const FieldDescriptor* field, // Cannot be NULL
const Message& message);
// Parse/serialize a MessageSet::Item group. Used with messages that use
// opion message_set_wire_format = true.
static bool ParseAndMergeMessageSetItem(
io::CodedInputStream* input,
Message* message);
static void SerializeMessageSetItemWithCachedSizes(
const FieldDescriptor* field,
const Message& message,
io::CodedOutputStream* output);
static size_t MessageSetItemByteSize(
const FieldDescriptor* field,
const Message& message);
// Computes the byte size of a field, excluding tags. For packed fields, it
// only includes the size of the raw data, and not the size of the total
// length, but for other length-delimited types, the size of the length is
// included.
static size_t FieldDataOnlyByteSize(
const FieldDescriptor* field, // Cannot be NULL
const Message& message);
enum Operation {
PARSE = 0,
SERIALIZE = 1,
};
// Verifies that a string field is valid UTF8, logging an error if not.
// This function will not be called by newly generated protobuf code
// but remains present to support existing code.
static void VerifyUTF8String(const char* data, int size, Operation op);
// The NamedField variant takes a field name in order to produce an
// informative error message if verification fails.
static void VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(const char* data,
int size,
Operation op,
const char* field_name);
private:
// Skip a MessageSet field.
static bool SkipMessageSetField(io::CodedInputStream* input,
uint32 field_number,
UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields);
// Parse a MessageSet field.
static bool ParseAndMergeMessageSetField(uint32 field_number,
const FieldDescriptor* field,
Message* message,
io::CodedInputStream* input);
GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(WireFormat);
};
// Subclass of FieldSkipper which saves skipped fields to an UnknownFieldSet.
class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper : public FieldSkipper {
public:
UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper(UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields)
: unknown_fields_(unknown_fields) {}
virtual ~UnknownFieldSetFieldSkipper() {}
// implements FieldSkipper -----------------------------------------
virtual bool SkipField(io::CodedInputStream* input, uint32 tag);
virtual bool SkipMessage(io::CodedInputStream* input);
virtual void SkipUnknownEnum(int field_number, int value);
protected:
UnknownFieldSet* unknown_fields_;
};
// inline methods ====================================================
inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireFormat::WireTypeForField(
const FieldDescriptor* field) {
if (field->is_packed()) {
return WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED;
} else {
return WireTypeForFieldType(field->type());
}
}
inline WireFormatLite::WireType WireFormat::WireTypeForFieldType(
FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
// Some compilers don't like enum -> enum casts, so we implicit_cast to
// int first.
return WireFormatLite::WireTypeForFieldType(
static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(
implicit_cast<int>(type)));
}
inline uint32 WireFormat::MakeTag(const FieldDescriptor* field) {
return WireFormatLite::MakeTag(field->number(), WireTypeForField(field));
}
inline size_t WireFormat::TagSize(int field_number,
FieldDescriptor::Type type) {
// Some compilers don't like enum -> enum casts, so we implicit_cast to
// int first.
return WireFormatLite::TagSize(field_number,
static_cast<WireFormatLite::FieldType>(
implicit_cast<int>(type)));
}
inline void WireFormat::VerifyUTF8String(const char* data, int size,
WireFormat::Operation op) {
#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
data, size, static_cast<WireFormatLite::Operation>(op), NULL);
#else
// Avoid the compiler warning about unused variables.
(void)data; (void)size; (void)op;
#endif
}
inline void WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
const char* data, int size, WireFormat::Operation op,
const char* field_name) {
#ifdef GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_UTF8_VALIDATION_ENABLED
WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
data, size, static_cast<WireFormatLite::Operation>(op), field_name);
#else
// Avoid the compiler warning about unused variables.
(void)data; (void)size; (void)op; (void)field_name;
#endif
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace protobuf
} // namespace google
#endif // GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_WIRE_FORMAT_H__
``` |
```swift
//
// Emitter.swift
// Yams
//
// Created by Norio Nomura on 12/28/16.
//
#if SWIFT_PACKAGE
@_implementationOnly import CYaml
#endif
import Foundation
/// Produce a YAML string from objects.
///
/// - parameter objects: Sequence of Objects.
/// - parameter canonical: Output should be the "canonical" format as in the YAML specification.
/// - parameter indent: The indentation increment.
/// - parameter width: The preferred line width. @c -1 means unlimited.
/// - parameter allowUnicode: Unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed if true.
/// - parameter lineBreak: Preferred line break.
/// - parameter explicitStart: Explicit document start `---`.
/// - parameter explicitEnd: Explicit document end `...`.
/// - parameter version: YAML version directive.
/// - parameter sortKeys: Whether or not to sort Mapping keys in lexicographic order.
/// - parameter sequenceStyle: The style for sequences (arrays / lists)
/// - parameter mappingStyle: The style for mappings (dictionaries)
///
/// - returns: YAML string.
///
/// - throws: `YamlError`.
public func dump<Objects>(
objects: Objects,
canonical: Bool = false,
indent: Int = 0,
width: Int = 0,
allowUnicode: Bool = false,
lineBreak: Emitter.LineBreak = .ln,
explicitStart: Bool = false,
explicitEnd: Bool = false,
version: (major: Int, minor: Int)? = nil,
sortKeys: Bool = false,
sequenceStyle: Node.Sequence.Style = .any,
mappingStyle: Node.Mapping.Style = .any,
newLineScalarStyle: Node.Scalar.Style = .any) throws -> String
where Objects: Sequence {
func representable(from object: Any) throws -> NodeRepresentable {
if let representable = object as? NodeRepresentable {
return representable
}
throw YamlError.emitter(problem: "\(object) does not conform to NodeRepresentable!")
}
let nodes = try objects.map(representable(from:)).map { try $0.represented() }
return try serialize(
nodes: nodes,
canonical: canonical,
indent: indent,
width: width,
allowUnicode: allowUnicode,
lineBreak: lineBreak,
explicitStart: explicitStart,
explicitEnd: explicitEnd,
version: version,
sortKeys: sortKeys,
sequenceStyle: sequenceStyle,
mappingStyle: mappingStyle,
newLineScalarStyle: newLineScalarStyle
)
}
/// Produce a YAML string from an object.
///
/// - parameter object: Object.
/// - parameter canonical: Output should be the "canonical" format as in the YAML specification.
/// - parameter indent: The indentation increment.
/// - parameter width: The preferred line width. @c -1 means unlimited.
/// - parameter allowUnicode: Unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed if true.
/// - parameter lineBreak: Preferred line break.
/// - parameter explicitStart: Explicit document start `---`.
/// - parameter explicitEnd: Explicit document end `...`.
/// - parameter version: YAML version directive.
/// - parameter sortKeys: Whether or not to sort Mapping keys in lexicographic order.
/// - parameter sequenceStyle: The style for sequences (arrays / lists)
/// - parameter mappingStyle: The style for mappings (dictionaries)
///
/// - returns: YAML string.
///
/// - throws: `YamlError`.
public func dump(
object: Any?,
canonical: Bool = false,
indent: Int = 0,
width: Int = 0,
allowUnicode: Bool = false,
lineBreak: Emitter.LineBreak = .ln,
explicitStart: Bool = false,
explicitEnd: Bool = false,
version: (major: Int, minor: Int)? = nil,
sortKeys: Bool = false,
sequenceStyle: Node.Sequence.Style = .any,
mappingStyle: Node.Mapping.Style = .any,
newLineScalarStyle: Node.Scalar.Style = .any) throws -> String {
return try serialize(
node: object.represented(),
canonical: canonical,
indent: indent,
width: width,
allowUnicode: allowUnicode,
lineBreak: lineBreak,
explicitStart: explicitStart,
explicitEnd: explicitEnd,
version: version,
sortKeys: sortKeys,
sequenceStyle: sequenceStyle,
mappingStyle: mappingStyle,
newLineScalarStyle: newLineScalarStyle
)
}
/// Produce a YAML string from a `Node`.
///
/// - parameter nodes: Sequence of `Node`s.
/// - parameter canonical: Output should be the "canonical" format as in the YAML specification.
/// - parameter indent: The indentation increment.
/// - parameter width: The preferred line width. @c -1 means unlimited.
/// - parameter allowUnicode: Unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed if true.
/// - parameter lineBreak: Preferred line break.
/// - parameter explicitStart: Explicit document start `---`.
/// - parameter explicitEnd: Explicit document end `...`.
/// - parameter version: YAML version directive.
/// - parameter sortKeys: Whether or not to sort Mapping keys in lexicographic order.
/// - parameter sequenceStyle: The style for sequences (arrays / lists)
/// - parameter mappingStyle: The style for mappings (dictionaries)
///
/// - returns: YAML string.
///
/// - throws: `YamlError`.
public func serialize<Nodes>(
nodes: Nodes,
canonical: Bool = false,
indent: Int = 0,
width: Int = 0,
allowUnicode: Bool = false,
lineBreak: Emitter.LineBreak = .ln,
explicitStart: Bool = false,
explicitEnd: Bool = false,
version: (major: Int, minor: Int)? = nil,
sortKeys: Bool = false,
sequenceStyle: Node.Sequence.Style = .any,
mappingStyle: Node.Mapping.Style = .any,
newLineScalarStyle: Node.Scalar.Style = .any) throws -> String
where Nodes: Sequence, Nodes.Iterator.Element == Node {
let emitter = Emitter(
canonical: canonical,
indent: indent,
width: width,
allowUnicode: allowUnicode,
lineBreak: lineBreak,
explicitStart: explicitStart,
explicitEnd: explicitEnd,
version: version,
sortKeys: sortKeys,
sequenceStyle: sequenceStyle,
mappingStyle: mappingStyle,
newLineScalarStyle: newLineScalarStyle
)
try emitter.open()
try nodes.forEach(emitter.serialize)
try emitter.close()
return String(data: emitter.data, encoding: .utf8)!
}
/// Produce a YAML string from a `Node`.
///
/// - parameter node: `Node`.
/// - parameter canonical: Output should be the "canonical" format as in the YAML specification.
/// - parameter indent: The indentation increment.
/// - parameter width: The preferred line width. @c -1 means unlimited.
/// - parameter allowUnicode: Unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed if true.
/// - parameter lineBreak: Preferred line break.
/// - parameter explicitStart: Explicit document start `---`.
/// - parameter explicitEnd: Explicit document end `...`.
/// - parameter version: YAML version directive.
/// - parameter sortKeys: Whether or not to sort Mapping keys in lexicographic order.
/// - parameter sequenceStyle: The style for sequences (arrays / lists)
/// - parameter mappingStyle: The style for mappings (dictionaries)
///
/// - returns: YAML string.
///
/// - throws: `YamlError`.
public func serialize(
node: Node,
canonical: Bool = false,
indent: Int = 0,
width: Int = 0,
allowUnicode: Bool = false,
lineBreak: Emitter.LineBreak = .ln,
explicitStart: Bool = false,
explicitEnd: Bool = false,
version: (major: Int, minor: Int)? = nil,
sortKeys: Bool = false,
sequenceStyle: Node.Sequence.Style = .any,
mappingStyle: Node.Mapping.Style = .any,
newLineScalarStyle: Node.Scalar.Style = .any) throws -> String {
return try serialize(
nodes: [node],
canonical: canonical,
indent: indent,
width: width,
allowUnicode: allowUnicode,
lineBreak: lineBreak,
explicitStart: explicitStart,
explicitEnd: explicitEnd,
version: version,
sortKeys: sortKeys,
sequenceStyle: sequenceStyle,
mappingStyle: mappingStyle,
newLineScalarStyle: newLineScalarStyle
)
}
/// Class responsible for emitting libYAML events.
public final class Emitter {
/// Line break options to use when emitting YAML.
public enum LineBreak {
/// Use CR for line breaks (Mac style).
case cr
/// Use LN for line breaks (Unix style).
case ln
/// Use CR LN for line breaks (DOS style).
case crln
}
/// Retrieve this Emitter's binary output.
public internal(set) var data = Data()
/// Configuration options to use when emitting YAML.
public struct Options {
/// Set if the output should be in the "canonical" format described in the YAML specification.
public var canonical: Bool = false
/// Set the indentation value.
public var indent: Int = 0
/// Set the preferred line width. -1 means unlimited.
public var width: Int = 0
/// Set if unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed.
public var allowUnicode: Bool = false
/// Set the preferred line break.
public var lineBreak: LineBreak = .ln
// internal since we don't know if these should be exposed.
var explicitStart: Bool = false
var explicitEnd: Bool = false
/// The `%YAML` directive value or nil.
public var version: (major: Int, minor: Int)?
/// Set if emitter should sort keys in lexicographic order.
public var sortKeys: Bool = false
/// Set the style for sequences (arrays / lists)
public var sequenceStyle: Node.Sequence.Style = .any
/// Set the style for mappings (dictionaries)
public var mappingStyle: Node.Mapping.Style = .any
/// Set the style for scalars that include newlines
public var newLineScalarStyle: Node.Scalar.Style = .any
}
/// Configuration options to use when emitting YAML.
public var options: Options {
didSet {
applyOptionsToEmitter()
}
}
/// Create an `Emitter` with the specified options.
///
/// - parameter canonical: Set if the output should be in the "canonical" format described in the YAML
/// specification.
/// - parameter indent: Set the indentation value.
/// - parameter width: Set the preferred line width. -1 means unlimited.
/// - parameter allowUnicode: Set if unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed.
/// - parameter lineBreak: Set the preferred line break.
/// - parameter explicitStart: Explicit document start `---`.
/// - parameter explicitEnd: Explicit document end `...`.
/// - parameter version: The `%YAML` directive value or nil.
/// - parameter sortKeys: Set if emitter should sort keys in lexicographic order.
/// - parameter sequenceStyle: Set the style for sequences (arrays / lists)
/// - parameter mappingStyle: Set the style for mappings (dictionaries)
public init(canonical: Bool = false,
indent: Int = 0,
width: Int = 0,
allowUnicode: Bool = false,
lineBreak: LineBreak = .ln,
explicitStart: Bool = false,
explicitEnd: Bool = false,
version: (major: Int, minor: Int)? = nil,
sortKeys: Bool = false,
sequenceStyle: Node.Sequence.Style = .any,
mappingStyle: Node.Mapping.Style = .any,
newLineScalarStyle: Node.Scalar.Style = .any) {
options = Options(canonical: canonical,
indent: indent,
width: width,
allowUnicode: allowUnicode,
lineBreak: lineBreak,
explicitStart: explicitStart,
explicitEnd: explicitEnd,
version: version,
sortKeys: sortKeys,
sequenceStyle: sequenceStyle,
mappingStyle: mappingStyle,
newLineScalarStyle: newLineScalarStyle)
// configure emitter
yaml_emitter_initialize(&emitter)
yaml_emitter_set_output(&self.emitter, { pointer, buffer, size in
guard let buffer = buffer else { return 0 }
let emitter = unsafeBitCast(pointer, to: Emitter.self)
emitter.data.append(buffer, count: size)
return 1
}, unsafeBitCast(self, to: UnsafeMutableRawPointer.self))
applyOptionsToEmitter()
yaml_emitter_set_encoding(&emitter, YAML_UTF8_ENCODING)
}
deinit {
yaml_emitter_delete(&emitter)
}
/// Open & initialize the emitter.
///
/// - throws: `YamlError` if the `Emitter` was already opened or closed.
public func open() throws {
switch state {
case .initialized:
var event = yaml_event_t()
yaml_stream_start_event_initialize(&event, YAML_UTF8_ENCODING)
try emit(&event)
state = .opened
case .opened:
throw YamlError.emitter(problem: "serializer is already opened")
case .closed:
throw YamlError.emitter(problem: "serializer is closed")
}
}
/// Close the `Emitter.`
///
/// - throws: `YamlError` if the `Emitter` hasn't yet been initialized.
public func close() throws {
switch state {
case .initialized:
throw YamlError.emitter(problem: "serializer is not opened")
case .opened:
var event = yaml_event_t()
yaml_stream_end_event_initialize(&event)
try emit(&event)
state = .closed
case .closed:
break // do nothing
}
}
/// Ingest a `Node` to include when emitting the YAML output.
///
/// - parameter node: The `Node` to serialize.
///
/// - throws: `YamlError` if the `Emitter` hasn't yet been opened or has been closed.
public func serialize(node: Node) throws {
switch state {
case .initialized:
throw YamlError.emitter(problem: "serializer is not opened")
case .opened:
break
case .closed:
throw YamlError.emitter(problem: "serializer is closed")
}
var event = yaml_event_t()
if let (major, minor) = options.version {
var versionDirective = yaml_version_directive_t(major: Int32(major), minor: Int32(minor))
// TODO: Support tags
yaml_document_start_event_initialize(&event, &versionDirective, nil, nil, options.explicitStart ? 0 : 1)
} else {
// TODO: Support tags
yaml_document_start_event_initialize(&event, nil, nil, nil, options.explicitStart ? 0 : 1)
}
try emit(&event)
try serializeNode(node)
yaml_document_end_event_initialize(&event, options.explicitEnd ? 0 : 1)
try emit(&event)
}
// MARK: Private
private var emitter = yaml_emitter_t()
private enum State { case initialized, opened, closed }
private var state: State = .initialized
private func applyOptionsToEmitter() {
yaml_emitter_set_canonical(&emitter, options.canonical ? 1 : 0)
yaml_emitter_set_indent(&emitter, Int32(options.indent))
yaml_emitter_set_width(&emitter, Int32(options.width))
yaml_emitter_set_unicode(&emitter, options.allowUnicode ? 1 : 0)
switch options.lineBreak {
case .cr: yaml_emitter_set_break(&emitter, YAML_CR_BREAK)
case .ln: yaml_emitter_set_break(&emitter, YAML_LN_BREAK)
case .crln: yaml_emitter_set_break(&emitter, YAML_CRLN_BREAK)
}
}
}
// MARK: - Options Initializer
extension Emitter.Options {
/// Create `Emitter.Options` with the specified values.
///
/// - parameter canonical: Set if the output should be in the "canonical" format described in the YAML
/// specification.
/// - parameter indent: Set the indentation value.
/// - parameter width: Set the preferred line width. -1 means unlimited.
/// - parameter allowUnicode: Set if unescaped non-ASCII characters are allowed.
/// - parameter lineBreak: Set the preferred line break.
/// - parameter explicitStart: Explicit document start `---`.
/// - parameter explicitEnd: Explicit document end `...`.
/// - parameter version: The `%YAML` directive value or nil.
/// - parameter sortKeys: Set if emitter should sort keys in lexicographic order.
/// - parameter sequenceStyle: Set the style for sequences (arrays / lists)
/// - parameter mappingStyle: Set the style for mappings (dictionaries)
public init(canonical: Bool = false, indent: Int = 0, width: Int = 0, allowUnicode: Bool = false,
lineBreak: Emitter.LineBreak = .ln, version: (major: Int, minor: Int)? = nil,
sortKeys: Bool = false, sequenceStyle: Node.Sequence.Style = .any,
mappingStyle: Node.Mapping.Style = .any, newLineScalarStyle: Node.Scalar.Style = .any) {
self.canonical = canonical
self.indent = indent
self.width = width
self.allowUnicode = allowUnicode
self.lineBreak = lineBreak
self.version = version
self.sortKeys = sortKeys
self.sequenceStyle = sequenceStyle
self.mappingStyle = mappingStyle
self.newLineScalarStyle = newLineScalarStyle
}
}
// MARK: Implementation Details
extension Emitter {
private func emit(_ event: UnsafeMutablePointer<yaml_event_t>) throws {
guard yaml_emitter_emit(&emitter, event) == 1 else {
throw YamlError(from: emitter)
}
}
private func serializeNode(_ node: Node) throws {
switch node {
case .scalar(let scalar): try serializeScalar(scalar)
case .sequence(let sequence): try serializeSequence(sequence)
case .mapping(let mapping): try serializeMapping(mapping)
}
}
private func serializeScalar(_ scalar: Node.Scalar) throws {
var value = scalar.string.utf8CString, tag = scalar.resolvedTag.name.rawValue.utf8CString
let scalarStyle = yaml_scalar_style_t(rawValue: numericCast(scalar.style.rawValue))
var event = yaml_event_t()
_ = value.withUnsafeMutableBytes { value in
tag.withUnsafeMutableBytes { tag in
yaml_scalar_event_initialize(
&event,
nil,
tag.baseAddress?.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self),
value.baseAddress?.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self),
Int32(value.count - 1),
1,
1,
scalarStyle)
}
}
try emit(&event)
}
private func serializeSequence(_ sequence: Node.Sequence) throws {
var tag = sequence.resolvedTag.name.rawValue.utf8CString
let implicit: Int32 = sequence.tag.name == .seq ? 1 : 0
let sequenceStyle = yaml_sequence_style_t(rawValue: numericCast(sequence.style.rawValue))
var event = yaml_event_t()
_ = tag.withUnsafeMutableBytes { tag in
yaml_sequence_start_event_initialize(
&event,
nil,
tag.baseAddress?.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self),
implicit,
sequenceStyle)
}
try emit(&event)
try sequence.forEach(self.serializeNode)
yaml_sequence_end_event_initialize(&event)
try emit(&event)
}
private func serializeMapping(_ mapping: Node.Mapping) throws {
var tag = mapping.resolvedTag.name.rawValue.utf8CString
let implicit: Int32 = mapping.tag.name == .map ? 1 : 0
let mappingStyle = yaml_mapping_style_t(rawValue: numericCast(mapping.style.rawValue))
var event = yaml_event_t()
_ = tag.withUnsafeMutableBytes { tag in
yaml_mapping_start_event_initialize(
&event,
nil,
tag.baseAddress?.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self),
implicit,
mappingStyle)
}
try emit(&event)
if options.sortKeys {
try mapping.keys.sorted().forEach {
try self.serializeNode($0)
try self.serializeNode(mapping[$0]!) // swiftlint:disable:this force_unwrapping
}
} else {
try mapping.forEach {
try self.serializeNode($0.key)
try self.serializeNode($0.value)
}
}
yaml_mapping_end_event_initialize(&event)
try emit(&event)
}
}
// swiftlint:disable:this file_length
``` |
Pozo de Urama is a municipality located in the province of Palencia, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 44 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Palencia |
Charlotte Raven (born 1969) is a British author and journalist. She studied English at the University of Manchester. As a Labour Club activist there in the late 1980s and early 1990s, she was part of a successful campaign to oust then student union communications officer Derek Draper, though she subsequently had a four-year relationship with him. She was University of Manchester Students' Union Women's Officer in 1990-91 and presided over an election in which Liam Byrne MP failed to be elected as the Union's Welfare Officer. She later studied at the University of Sussex.
Raven was a contributor to the Modern Review, and the editor of the relaunched version in 1997. There she met Julie Burchill, with whom she had an affair in 1995: the two are pictured in the National Portrait Gallery. Her columns have appeared frequently in The Guardian and New Statesman.
In 2001 Raven was accused of regional 'racism' after launching an attack on Denise Fergus, the mother of child murder victim James Bulger, and the people of Liverpool in general, in a Guardian article on the James Bulger case. The article generated a high level of complaints. In response, Guardian readers' editor Ian Mayes concluded that the article should not have been published.
In April 2013, it was announced that the feminist magazine Spare Rib would relaunch with Raven as the editor. It was subsequently announced that while a magazine and website were to be launched, it would now have a different name.
Personal life
She and her partner, the film maker Tom Sheahan, have a daughter, Anna, born in 2004 and a son, John, who was born in 2009.
In January 2010 she revealed that she had been diagnosed with Huntington's disease, an incurable hereditary disease, in January 2006 and had been contemplating suicide, an option she rejected after visiting a clinic in an area of Venezuela with a very high incidence of Huntington's Disease. In 2019 she became patient 1 on the Roche Gen-Peak trial of a huntingtin protein-lowering drug tominersen. In 2021 she published a memoir, Patient 1, with her doctor Edward Wild on the experience of coming to terms with the diagnosis, the drug trial and the living with the illness as it affected her mind and body. Raven was shortlisted for the 2022 Royal Society of Literature Christopher Bland Prize for the book.
Recognition
She was recognized as one of the BBC's 100 women of 2013.
References
External links
Charlotte Raven columns and reviews from The Guardian and The Observer
Articles by Charlotte Raven from New Statesman
Portrait of Raven (right) and Julie Burchill at the website of the National Portrait Gallery
1969 births
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
Bisexual feminists
Bisexual women
British bisexual writers
British feminists
Place of birth missing (living people)
British journalists
British Trotskyists
English LGBT writers
Living people
Alliance for Workers' Liberty people |
Theron O. Kuntz (born December 25, 1953, Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin) is a game designer who was an early associate of Gary Gygax and employee of TSR.
Biography
Kuntz was born in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin on December 25, 1953. His family moved to Lake Geneva, Wisconsin in 1955. Kuntz became involved in miniatures wargaming when he was 15 years old, learning about them from his brother Rob, who played miniatures and board games with his new friend Gary Gygax. The three of them would play miniatures battles at Gygax's house on his sand table. Kuntz was also a member of the Lake Geneva Tactical Studies Association with Gygax and his brother.
In the early 1970s, Terry, Rob, and Gygax's friend Don Kaye joined Gygax's children Ernie and Elise for the second session of Gygax's new game, the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Don Kaye played Murlynd, Rob Kuntz played Robilar, and Terry Kuntz played Terik. Terry later conceived of the monster known as the beholder, and Gygax later detailed it for publication. Kuntz also created the magic weapon, the Energy-draining Sword.
Kuntz graduated from college in 1974, with a vocational diploma in mechanical drafting and design, but found it hard to find employment in that field. During 1974, TSR offered Kuntz employment with the company to help design rules, games, and to manage The Dungeon Hobby Shop. He joined TSR in 1975.
Early designs
Castle Greyhawk Campaign proto-RPG development
"Wargaming: A Moral Issue?" for Dragon magazine
The Maze of Zayene D&D module
The Empire of Zothar D&D-variant constructed nation
Twilight of the Gods boardgame
Treasure Search boardgame (lost)
References
1953 births
American game designers
Living people
People from Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin |
A spigot algorithm is an algorithm for computing the value of a transcendental number (such as or e) that generates the digits of the number sequentially from left to right providing increasing precision as the algorithm proceeds. Spigot algorithms also aim to minimize the amount of intermediate storage required. The name comes from the sense of the word "spigot" for a tap or valve controlling the flow of a liquid. Spigot algorithms can be contrasted with algorithms that store and process complete numbers to produce successively more accurate approximations to the desired transcendental.
Interest in spigot algorithms was spurred in the early days of computational mathematics by extreme constraints on memory, and such an algorithm for calculating the digits of e appeared in a paper by Sale in 1968. In 1970, Abdali presented a more general algorithm to compute the sums of series in which the ratios of successive terms can be expressed as quotients of integer functions of term positions. This algorithm is applicable to many familiar series for trigonometric functions, logarithms, and transcendental numbers because these series satisfy the above condition. The name "spigot algorithm" seems to have been coined by Stanley Rabinowitz and Stan Wagon, whose algorithm for calculating the digits of is sometimes referred to as "the spigot algorithm for ".
The spigot algorithm of Rabinowitz and Wagon is bounded, in the sense that the number of terms of the infinite series that will be processed must be specified in advance. The term "streaming algorithm" indicates an approach without this restriction. This allows the calculation to run indefinitely varying the amount of intermediate storage as the calculation progresses.
A variant of the spigot approach uses an algorithm which can be used to compute a single arbitrary digit of the transcendental without computing the preceding digits: an example is the Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula, a digit extraction algorithm for which produces base 16 digits. The inevitable truncation of the underlying infinite series of the algorithm means that the accuracy of the result may be limited by the number of terms calculated.
Example
This example illustrates the working of a spigot algorithm by calculating the binary digits of the natural logarithm of 2 using the identity
To start calculating binary digits from, as an example, the 8th place we multiply this identity by 27 (since 7 = 8 − 1):
We then divide the infinite sum into a "head", in which the exponents of 2 are greater than or equal to zero, and a "tail", in which the exponents of 2 are negative:
We are only interested in the fractional part of this value, so we can replace each of the summands in the "head" by
Calculating each of these terms and adding them to a running total where we again only keep the fractional part, we have:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! k
! A = 27−k
! B = A mod k
! C =
! Sum of C mod 1
|-
| 1
| 64
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 2
| 32
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 3
| 16
| 1
|
|
|-
| 4
| 8
| 0
| 0
|
|-
| 5
| 4
| 4
|
|
|-
| 6
| 2
| 2
|
|
|-
| 7
| 1
| 1
|
|
|}
We add a few terms in the "tail", noting that the error introduced by truncating the sum is less than the final term:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! k
! D =
! Sum of D
! Maximum error
|-
| 8
|
|
|
|-
| 9
|
|
|
|-
| 10
|
|
|
|}
Adding the "head" and the first few terms of the "tail" together we get:
so the 8th to 11th binary digits in the binary expansion of ln(2) are 1, 0, 1, 1. Note that we have not calculated the values of the first seven binary digits – indeed, all information about them has been intentionally discarded by using modular arithmetic in the "head" sum.
The same approach can be used to calculate digits of the binary expansion of ln(2) starting from an arbitrary nth position. The number of terms in the "head" sum increases linearly with n, but the complexity of each term only increases with the logarithm of n if an efficient method of modular exponentiation is used. The precision of calculations and intermediate results and the number of terms taken from the "tail" sum are all independent of n, and only depend on the number of binary digits that are being calculated – single precision arithmetic can be used to calculate around 12 binary digits, regardless of the starting position.
References
Further reading
Arndt, Jorg; Haenel, Christoph, unleashed, Springer Verlag, 2000.
Computer arithmetic algorithms |
Matthew Walton may refer to:
Matthew Walton (died 1819), U.S. representative from Kentucky
Matthew Walton (cricketer) (1837–1888), English cricketer
Matt Walton (born 1973), American actor |
Pirtua, pirtua is a 1991 Finnish drama movie directed by Visa Mäkinen. The plot consists of a young man fighting against bootleggers in his home village during Finnish prohibition.
The movie, which was Visa Mäkinen's first attempt at a serious movie, ended up a box office flop, with only 1,650 tickets sold and caused losses of a million Finnish markka. Mäkinen gave up on making movies as a result. When Pirtua, Pirtua aired on the Finnish television channel MTV3 in May 1995, it was seen by 287,000 viewers. In June 2001, another 180,000 television viewers saw the movie.
Critical reception
In the movie guide Video-opas in 1994, critic Olavi Similä praises the depiction of the subject matter, but finds the content mediocre, giving the movie a grade of two starts out of five.
References
External links
1991 films
Finnish crime drama films
1991 crime thriller films
Finnish thriller films
1990s Finnish-language films |
```c++
/*=============================================================================
Boost.Wave: A Standard compliant C++ preprocessor library
path_to_url
LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
=============================================================================*/
// Tests, if macro expansion eats up follow up tokens under certain conditions
// (which it shouldn't).
#define SCAN(x) x
#define BUG BUG_2
#define BUG_2
//R #line 19 "t_1_025.cpp"
SCAN(BUG) 1 2 3 4 5 //R 1 2 3 4 5
//H 10: t_1_025.cpp(13): #define
//H 08: t_1_025.cpp(13): SCAN(x)=x
//H 10: t_1_025.cpp(15): #define
//H 08: t_1_025.cpp(15): BUG=BUG_2
//H 10: t_1_025.cpp(16): #define
//H 08: t_1_025.cpp(16): BUG_2=
//H 00: t_1_025.cpp(19): SCAN(BUG), [t_1_025.cpp(13): SCAN(x)=x]
//H 01: t_1_025.cpp(15): BUG
//H 02: BUG_2
//H 01: t_1_025.cpp(16): BUG_2
//H 02:
//H 03: _
//H 03: _
//H 02:
//H 03: _
``` |
Hitobia is a genus of Asian ground spiders that was first described by T. Kamura in 1992.
Species
it contains twenty-one species:
Hitobia asiatica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) – Japan
Hitobia cancellata Yin, Peng, Gong & Kim, 1996 – China
Hitobia chayuensis Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
Hitobia hirtella Wang & Peng, 2014 – China
Hitobia lamhetaghatensis (Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999) – India
Hitobia makotoi Kamura, 2011 – China, Japan
Hitobia meghalayensis (Tikader & Gajbe, 1976) – India
Hitobia menglong Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
Hitobia monsta Yin, Peng, Gong & Kim, 1996 – China
Hitobia poonaensis (Tikader & Gajbe, 1976) – India
Hitobia procula Sankaran & Sebastian, 2018 – India
Hitobia shaohai Yin & Bao, 2012 – China
Hitobia shimen Yin & Bao, 2012 – China
Hitobia singhi (Tikader & Gajbe, 1976) – India
Hitobia taiwanica Zhang, Zhu & Tso, 2009 – Taiwan
Hitobia tengchong Wang & Peng, 2014 – China
Hitobia tenuicincta (Simon, 1909) – Vietnam
Hitobia unifascigera (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) (type) – China, Korea, Japan
Hitobia yaginumai Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 – Thailand
Hitobia yasunosukei Kamura, 1992 – China, Okinawa
Hitobia yunnan Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
References
Araneomorphae genera
Gnaphosidae
Spiders of Asia |
The 2011 Bord Gáis Energy GAA Hurling All-Ireland Under-21 Championship is the 48th staging of the All-Ireland Championship since its inception in 1964. Games were played between 1 June and 10 September 2011. Galway won the title after a 3–14 to 1–10 win against Dublin.
The Championship
Overview
The All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship of 2010 will be run on a provincial basis as usual. It will be a knockout tournament with pairings drawn at random in the respective provinces - there will be no seeds.
Each match will be played as a single leg. If a match is drawn a period of extra time will be played, however, if both sides were still level at the end of extra time a replay will take place.
Format
Leinster Championship
Quarter-finals: (2 matches) These are two lone matches between the first four teams drawn from the province of Leinster. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the semi-finals.
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The two winners of the two quarter-final games join the two remaining Leinster teams, who received a bye to this stage, to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the final.
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.
Munster Championship
Quarter-final: (1 match) This is a single match between the first two teams drawn from the province of Munster. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the lone quarter-final game join the three remaining Munster teams, who received a bye to this stage, to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the final.
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.
Fixtures
Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship
Ulster Senior Hurling Championship
All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
Scoring statistics
Top scorers overall
Top scorers in a single game
References
External links
Full list of results for the 2011 championship
Under 21
All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship |
Breitenworbis is a municipality in the district of Eichsfeld in Thuringia, Germany.
References
Eichsfeld (district) |
Ambedkar Nagar Assembly constituency is one of the 70 Delhi Legislative Assembly constituencies of the National Capital Territory in northern India.
Overview
Present geographical structure of Ambedkar Nagar constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.
Ambedkar Nagar is part of South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency along with nine other Assembly segments, namely Bijwasan, Sangam Vihar, Chhatarpur, Deoli, Kalkaji, Tughlakabad, Palam, Badarpur and Mehrauli.
Members of Legislative Assembly
Key
Election results
2020
2015
2013
2008 results
2003
1998
1993
See also
First Legislative Assembly of Delhi
Second Legislative Assembly of Delhi
Third Legislative Assembly of Delhi
Fourth Legislative Assembly of Delhi
Fifth Legislative Assembly of Delhi
Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi
References
Assembly constituencies of Delhi |
```xml
import { Navigate, RouteObject } from "react-router-dom";
import PATHS from "config/constants/sub/paths";
export const onboardingRoutes: RouteObject[] = [
{
path: PATHS.ONBOARDING.RELATIVE,
element: <Navigate to={PATHS.RULES.MY_RULES.ABSOLUTE} />,
},
{
path: PATHS.RULES.CREATE + "*",
element: <Navigate to={PATHS.RULES.MY_RULES.ABSOLUTE} state={{ from: PATHS.RULES.CREATE }} />,
},
{
path: PATHS.GETTING_STARTED,
element: <Navigate to={PATHS.HOME.ABSOLUTE} state={{ from: PATHS.GETTING_STARTED }} />,
},
];
``` |
```javascript
/*
Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license
that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
Tests.registerAsync("Socket connect", function(next) {
var client = new Socket(TESTS_SERVER_HOST, TESTS_SERVER_PORT).connect();
client.onconnect = function() {
Assert.equal(client, this);
client.disconnect();
next();
}
}, 500);
Tests.registerAsync("Socket listen", function(next) {
var server = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9027).listen();
var client = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9027).connect();
var done = false;
server.onaccept = function(new_client) {
new_client.foo = "bar";
new_client.write("data");
Assert.equal(new_client.ip, "127.0.0.1");
}
client.onread = function(data) {
Assert.equal(data, "data");
this.write("reply");
}
server.onread = function(new_client, data) {
Assert.equal(data, "reply");
Assert.equal(new_client.foo, "bar");
new_client.disconnect();
done = true;
}
client.ondisconnect = function() {
Assert.equal(done, true);
next();
}
}, 500);
Tests.registerAsync("Socket framing", function(next) {
var server = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9028).listen();
var client = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9028).connect();
server.readline = true;
client.readline = true;
var done = 0;
const datainc = "lastframe\n";
server.onaccept = function(new_client) {
new_client.write("data");
setTimeout(function() {
new_client.write("data2\nframe2\n");
for (let i = 0; i < datainc.length; i++) {
setTimeout(function(pos) {
new_client.write(datainc[pos]);
}, 50 * i, i);
}
}, 100);
}
client.onread = function(data) {
if (done == 0) {
Assert.equal(data, "datadata2");
} else if (done == 1) {
Assert.equal(data, "frame2");
} else if (done == 2) {
Assert.equal(data, "lastframe");
this.disconnect();
next();
}
done++;
}
server.onread = function(new_client, data) {
}
client.ondisconnect = function() {
}
}, 3000);
Tests.registerAsync("Socket lz4", function(next) {
var server = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9029).listen("tcp-lz4");
var client = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9029).connect("tcp-lz4");
client.encoding = "utf8";
server.encoding = "utf8";
client.readline = true;
const payload = "On sait depuis longtemps que travailler avec du texte lisible et contenant du sens est source de distractions, et empche de se concentrer sur la mise en page elle-mme. L'avantage du Lorem Ipsum sur un texte gnrique comme 'Du texte. Du texte. Du texte.' est qu'il possde une distribution de lettres plus ou moins normale, et en tout cas comparable avec celle du franais standard. De nombreuses suites logicielles de mise en page ou diteurs de sites Web ont fait du Lorem Ipsum leur faux texte par dfaut, et une recherche pour 'Lorem Ipsum' vous conduira vers de nombreux sites qui n'en sont encore qu' leur phase de construction. Plusieurs versions sont apparues avec le temps, parfois par accident, souvent intentionnellement (histoire d'y rajouter de petits clins d'oeil, voire des phrases embarassantes). On sait depuis longtemps que travailler avec du texte lisible et contenant du sens est source de distractions, et empche de se concentrer sur la mise en page elle-mme. L'avantage du Lorem Ipsum sur un texte gnrique comme 'Du texte. Du texte. Du texte.' est qu'il possde une distribution de lettres plus ou moins normale, et en tout cas comparable avec celle du franais standard. De nombreuses suites logicielles de mise en page ou diteurs de sites Web ont fait du Lorem Ipsum leur faux texte par dfaut, et une recherche pour 'Lorem Ipsum' vous conduira vers de nombreux sites qui n'en sont encore qu' leur phase de construction. Plusieurs versions sont apparues avec le temps, parfois par accident, souvent intentionnellement (histoire d'y rajouter de petits clins d'oeil, voire des phrases embarassantes).";
console.log(payload.length);
var done = 0;
server.onaccept = function(new_client) {
new_client.write(payload)
new_client.write("\n");
}
client.onread = function(data) {
console.log("Read", data.length);
Assert.equal(data, payload);
next();
}
}, 500);
``` |
The Magnolia Hotel was built in 1847 to serve as a lodging establishment. It is thought to be the oldest surviving hotel on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 1985.
History
The Magnolia Hotel was constructed for John Hahn, who operated a coffeehouse in New Orleans. Originally, the hotel was a -story, wood-frame building with plastered exterior walls that measured on each side. The exterior walls were recessed . A central hall extended front to back on both floors. The first floor had paired rooms on either side of the hall; the second floor hall had six rooms on either side. The hotel was originally located near the beach, facing south, toward the Mississippi Sound.
John Hahn died in 1848, but his wife operated the hotel to accommodate guests from New Orleans, because Biloxi had become a popular resort destination on the Gulf Coast. After the American Civil War, the hotel became a destination for winter guests from northern states, who were attracted by the mild climate. The hotel was operated by descendants of John Hahn through World War II, when it closed.
In 1969, Hurricane Camille inflicted considerable damage to the building. Because of the hotel's historical significance, the city of Biloxi acquired the building in 1972, and moved it to a higher elevation, approximately north of its original location. The structure was oriented to face east and was restored. Additional restoration was required to repair damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
Biloxi Mardi Gras Museum
As of 2013, the building was being used as Biloxi's Mardi Gras Museum. In addition to displays of memorabilia from carnival celebrations, the museum documents the history of the Magnolia Hotel.
References
External links
Biloxi Mardi Gras Museum - City of Biloxi
Historical Marker Database - The Magnolia Hotel
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi
Buildings and structures in Biloxi, Mississippi
Museums in Harrison County, Mississippi
Hotel buildings completed in 1847
Mississippi Landmarks
1847 establishments in Mississippi
National Register of Historic Places in Harrison County, Mississippi
Mardi Gras |
Luis Alberto Riart was the Paraguayan Minister of Education and Culture under President Fernando Lugo.
References
Living people
Government ministers of Paraguay
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Joseph Ryan Warren (born October 31, 1976) is an American Greco-Roman wrestler and mixed martial artist who most recently competed for Bellator MMA. In Bellator, Warren became the first fighter in the promotion's history to become world champion in 2 divisions, winning the Bellator Featherweight World Championship in 2010 and the Bantamweight World Championship in 2014. As a Greco-Roman wrestler, he won the 2006 Pan American and the 2006 World Championship. He later participated in and won the Gold Medal at the 2007 World Cup.
During the end of 2008 Warren started transitioning to mixed martial arts, and on March 8, 2009, he made his professional debut. He competed for Bellator MMA, and Dream in Japan. He is a former Bellator Bantamweight Champion and former Bellator Featherweight Champion.
Greco-Roman wrestling career
Warren practiced freestyle wrestling before switching to Greco-Roman. He began his career at East Kentwood High School in Kentwood, Michigan where he placed three times in Division One, with one state championship coming during his senior year. He wrestled collegiatly for the University of Michigan, where he was an NCAA wrestling All-American.
He won the division of men's Greco-Roman wrestling at the 2006 FILA Wrestling World Championships. Other accomplishments include 6th at the 2000 World University Championship at , 9th at the 2005 FILA Wrestling World Championships, 1st at the 2006 Pan American Championship and 1st at the 2007 World Cup, all at 60 kg. In 2007 he missed the Pan American Games at Rio de Janeiro because of positive test for cannabis. In 2008 he got a two years ban from international wrestling competition and missed the 2008 Summer Olympics.
On December 18, 2010, it was reported that Warren would be making a return to wrestling, to try to qualify for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Warren would lose at the 2012 U.S. Olympic Trials, but would serve as a training partner/coach for the U.S. at the 2012 Olympic Games.
Mixed martial arts career
DREAM
Joe Warren started a transition to MMA in 2008 and joined up with Team Quest where he got to train with fellow Greco-Roman wrestler and Pride Fighting Championship Champion Dan Henderson. His MMA debut was on March 8, 2009, at Dream.7, where he defeated former WEC Bantamweight Champion Chase Beebe by TKO (doctor stoppage) after the first round due to a cut Beebe received over his right eye. In the second round of the tournament, at Dream.9 on May 26, 2009, he was matched up with and defeated former K-1 Hero's Lightweight Grand Prix Champion, and formerly 17–1, Norifumi Yamamoto in his first fight after a 512-day layoff officially due to elbow and knee injuries. In preparation for the bout Warren trained with former WEC Featherweight Champion Urijah Faber and his Team Alpha Male after Faber called Warren and told him he knew how to defeat Yamamoto. Faber had previously prepared Joseph Benavidez to fight Yamamoto in July 2008, but the fight did not happen as Yamamoto pulled out three days before the fight. Warren's fight happened as planned though, and after going the allotted 15 minutes Warren was awarded a split decision victory.
The final two rounds of the tournament took place at Dream 11 which took place on October 6, 2009. In his scheduled semi-final bout Warren fought Brazilian jiu-jitsu expert Bibiano Fernandes, where he quickly lost due to a controversial first-round armbar after securing a takedown.
Bellator Fighting Championships
2010
On February 1, 2010, Warren officially announced that he signed with Bellator Fighting Championships, and that he would compete in the Featherweight tournament during Bellator's Season 2.
At Bellator 13, Warren fought in a quarter-final bout against Eric Marriott. Warren dominated the fight with his wrestling and took the fight on all three judges score cards, giving him the unanimous decision win. Warren advanced to the semi-final round where he defeated Georgi Karakhanyan via unanimous decision at Bellator 18.
On June 24, 2010, Warren won the Bellator featherweight tournament by claiming a split-decision over Patricio Freire. Joe was both dropped and caught in a rear-naked choke in the first round. He came back in rounds 2 and 3 by scoring takedowns followed by a ground and pound attack. The official scores were (29–28), (28–29), and (29–28). After the fight, Bellator Fighting Championships Featherweight Champion Joe Soto came into the ring and the two exchanged words, with Warren telling Soto "you've got my belt" and Soto promising to hold onto the title.
The title fight took place on September 2, 2010, at Bellator 27 in the third season of Bellator Fighting Championships. This was Warren's first title shot. Following a dominant opening round by Soto, Warren won the fight via KO (strikes) in the opening minute of the second round to become the new Bellator Featherweight champion.
2011
Warren faced Marcos Galvão in a non-title fight on April 16, 2011, at Bellator 41. In the fight Galvão negated a majority of Warren's offense for the first two rounds by showing strong takedown defense, taking down Warren multiple times, taking Warren's back, and executing good knees from the clinch. In the third round he was taken down by Warren and controlled throughout the round. At the end of the fight, Bellator color commentator, Jimmy Smith, believed Galvão won the fight 29–28. Along with Smith, many top MMA sites, (MMAJunkie, Sherdog, MMAFighting, MMASpot), all believed that Galvão won the fight by 29–28. It was then announced that Warren had won the fight via unanimous decision (30–27, 29–28, 29–28).
Warren was expected to put his title on the line versus Patricio Freire at Bellator 47 on July 23, 2011, but had to be postponed due to Pitbull's unexpected injury.
In the fall of 2011, Warren was entered the Bellator Season 5 bantamweight tournament. He was hoping to become the promotion's first two division champion. Warren faced fellow amateur wrestling world champion, Alexis Vila, at Bellator 51, in the quarterfinal round of Bellator's season five bantamweight tournament. He lost the fight via KO in the first round.
2012
Warren fought Pat Curran on March 9, 2012, at Bellator 60 in the first defense of his Bellator Featherweight Championship. He lost the fight via KO in the third round.
After losing the title, Warren returned and faced Owen Evinger on November 9, 2012, at Bellator 80. He won the fight via unanimous decision.
2013
On February 5, 2013, it was announced that Warren would be one of the four coaches to appear on the promotion's reality series titled Fight Master: Bellator MMA.
Joe Warren was set to fight Nick Kirk at Bellator 98 in the semifinal match of Bellator season nine bantamweight tournament, however he was not cleared to fight because he was knocked out in a sparring session prior to the fight. The fight was then rescheduled for Bellator 101 on September 27, 2013. Warren won via submission in the second round.
Warren faced Travis Marx in the finals on November 8, 2013, at Bellator 107. He won via TKO in the second round to win the Bellator season nine Bantamweight tournament.
2014
Warren was scheduled to face Bellator Bantamweight champion Eduardo Dantas at Bellator 118. However, on April 26, 2014, it was revealed that Dantas was injured head and withdrew from the fight. Warren was to face Rafael Silva in an Interim Bantamweight title fight. Silva, however, missed weight and the promotion made the interim title available only if Warren were to win. Warren won the fight via unanimous decision to become the Bellator Interim Bantamweight champion.
Warren faced Eduardo Dantas in a title unification bout on October 10, 2014, at Bellator 128. He won the fight via unanimous decision to become the undisputed Bellator Bantamweight Champion.
2015
Warren made his first bantamweight title defense against Marcos Galvão in a rematch on March 27, 2015, at Bellator 135. He lost the fight and the title via verbal submission due to a kneebar in the second round.
Warren faced WEC and Bellator veteran L.C. Davis in the main event of Bellator 143 on September 25, 2015. He won the fight via unanimous decision.
2016
Warren next faced undefeated prospect Darrion Caldwell in a title eliminator in the main event at Bellator 151 on March 4, 2016. He lost the fight via technical submission due to a rear-naked choke in the first round.
Warren faced Sirwan Kakai at Bellator 161 on September 16, 2016. He won the fight via guillotine choke submission in the third round.
Warren faced Eduardo Dantas in a rematch at Bellator 166 on December 2, 2016, for the Bellator bantamweight championship. He lost the fight via majority decision.
2017
Warren faced prospect Steve Garcia at Bellator 181 on July 14, 2017. He won the fight by unanimous decision.
2018
Warren faced Joe Taimanglo at Bellator 195 on March 2, 2018. He lost the fight via split decision.
Warren next faced Shawn Bunch on November 30, 2018, at Bellator 210. He lost the bout via first round technical knockout.
Departure
After 2 years of inactivity, Bellator MMA announced on October 27, 2020, that Warren had been released from the promotion.
Personal life
Warren and his wife have a son who was born July 5, 2008 and a girl, Maddox Reese Warren, who was born March 4, 2010.
Championships and accomplishments
Mixed martial arts
Bellator Fighting Championships
Bellator Featherweight World Championship (One time)
Bellator Bantamweight World Championship (One time)
Interim Bellator Bantamweight Championship (One time)
Bellator Season 2 Featherweight Tournament Championship
Bellator Season 9 Bantamweight Tournament Championship
First fighter to hold Championships in multiple weight classes
Oldest Fighter to win a championship in Bellator History (37 years and 362 days)
Most decision wins in Bellator History (8)
DREAM
DREAM 2009 Featherweight Grand Prix Semifinalist
FIGHT! Magazine
2009 Upset of the Year vs. Norifumi Yamamoto on May 26
Fight Matrix
2008 Rookie of the Year
Professional wrestling
Real Pro Wrestling
RPW Season One 132 lb Championship Semifinalist
Amateur wrestling
International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles
2007 World Cup Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2007 Dave Schultz Memorial International Open Senior Greco-Roman Silver Medalist
2006 FILA Wrestling World Championships Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2006 Pan American Championships Senior-Greco Roman Gold Medalist
2005 Sunkist Kids/ASU International Open Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2005 Dave Schultz Memorial International Open Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2004 Henri Deglane Challenge Senior Greco-Roman Bronze Medalist
2004 Dave Schultz Memorial International Open Senior Greco-Roman Silver Medalist
2003 NYAC Christmas International Open Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2003 Henri Deglane Challenge Senior Greco-Roman Silver Medalist
2003 Sunkist Kids International Open Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2002 Henri Deglane Challenge Senior Greco-Roman Silver Medalist
2002 Dave Schultz Memorial International Open Senior Greco-Roman Silver Medalist
USA Wrestling
FILA World Team Trials Senior Greco-Roman Winner (2005, 2006, 2007)
USA Senior Greco-Roman National Championship (2005, 2006, 2007)
USA Senior Greco-Roman National Championship 3rd Place (2004)
USA Wrestling Greco-Roman Wrestler of the Year (2006)
USA University Greco-Roman National Championship (1998)
2005 NYAC Holiday Tournament Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2004 NYAC Christmas Championships Senior Greco-Roman Gold Medalist
2004 USA Olympic Team Trials Senior Greco-Roman Runner-up
2002 NYAC Christmas Classic Senior Greco-Roman Silver Medalist
National Wrestling Hall of Fame Dan Gable Museum
Alan and Gloria Rice Greco-Roman Hall of Champions Inductee (2009)
National Collegiate Athletic Association
NCAA Division I Collegiate National Championship 3rd Place (2000)
NCAA Division I All-American (2000)
Big Ten Conference Championship Runner-up (1998, 1999)
Michigan High School Athletic Association
MHSAA Class A High School State Championship (1995)
MHSAA Class A High School State Championship 3rd Place (1994)
MHSAA Class A All-State (1993, 1994, 1995)
World Championships Matches
|-
! Res.
! Record
! Opponent
! Score
! Date
! Event
! Location
! Notes
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
| Win
| 7-2
| align=left | David Bedinadze
| style="font-size:88%"|1-1, 4-1, 2-1
| style="font-size:88%"|2006-09-20
| style="font-size:88%"|2006 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Guangzhou, China
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Gold Medal
|-
| Win
| 6-2
| align=left | Eusebiu Diaconu
| style="font-size:88%"|1-1, 2-1
| style="font-size:88%"|2006-09-20
| style="font-size:88%"|2006 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Guangzhou, China
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
| Win
| 5-2
| align=left | Vyacheslav Djaste
| style="font-size:88%"|4-1, 2-0
| style="font-size:88%"|2006-09-20
| style="font-size:88%"|2006 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Guangzhou, China
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
| Win
| 4-2
| align=left | Ali Ashkani
| style="font-size:88%"|2-1, 1-1
| style="font-size:88%"|2006-09-20
| style="font-size:88%"|2006 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Guangzhou, China
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
| Win
| 3-2
| align=left | Dilshod Aripov
| style="font-size:88%"|2-3, 3-1, 3-1
| style="font-size:88%"|2006-09-20
| style="font-size:88%"|2006 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Guangzhou, China
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
| Loss
| 2-2
| align=left | Vahan Juharyan
| style="font-size:88%"|0-2, 1-1
| style="font-size:88%"|2005-09-30
| style="font-size:88%"|2005 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Budapest, Hungary
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
| Loss
| 2-1
| align=left | Ali Ashkani
| style="font-size:88%"|1-2, 0-7
| style="font-size:88%"|2005-09-30
| style="font-size:88%"|2005 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Budapest, Hungary
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
| Win
| 2-0
| align=left | Luis Liendo
| style="font-size:88%"|9-5, 7-0
| style="font-size:88%"|2005-09-30
| style="font-size:88%"|2005 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Budapest, Hungary
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
| Win
| 1-0
| align=left | Eric Buisson
| style="font-size:88%"|Fall
| style="font-size:88%"|2005-09-30
| style="font-size:88%"|2005 World Wrestling Championships
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" | Budapest, Hungary
| style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
|-
Mixed martial arts record
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 15–8
|Shawn Bunch
|TKO (submission to punches)
|Bellator 210
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:42
|Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 15–7
| Joe Taimanglo
| Decision (split)
| Bellator 195
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 15–6
| Steve Garcia
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 181
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 14–6
| Eduardo Dantas
| Decision (majority)
| Bellator 166
|
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 5:00
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 14–5
| Sirwan Kakai
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| Bellator 161
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 1:04
| Cedar Park, Texas, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 13–5
| Darrion Caldwell
| Technical Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Bellator 151
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 3:23
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 13–4
| L.C. Davis
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 143
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Hidalgo, Texas, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 12–4
| Marcos Galvão
| Verbal Submission (kneebar)
| Bellator 135
|
| align=center | 2
| align=center | 0:45
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 12–3
| Eduardo Dantas
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 128
|
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 5:00
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 11–3
| Rafael Silva
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 118
|
| align=center | 5
| align=center | 5:00
| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 10–3
| Travis Marx
| TKO (knee and punches)
| Bellator 107
|
| align=center | 2
| align=center | 1:54
| Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 9–3
| Nick Kirk
| Submission (reverse triangle armbar)
| Bellator 101
|
| align=center | 2
| align=center | 3:03
| Portland, Oregon, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 8–3
| Owen Evinger
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 80
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Hollywood, Florida, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 7–3
| Pat Curran
| KO (punches)
| Bellator 60
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 1:25
| Hammond, Indiana, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 7–2
| Alexis Vila
| KO (punch)
| Bellator 51
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 1:04
| Canton, Ohio, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 7–1
| Marcos Galvão
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 41
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Yuma, Arizona, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 6–1
| Joe Soto
| KO (knee and punches)
| Bellator 27
|
| align=center | 2
| align=center | 0:33
| San Antonio, Texas, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 5–1
| Patricio Freire
| Decision (split)
| Bellator 23
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Louisville, Kentucky, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 4–1
| Georgi Karakhanyan
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 18
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Monroe, Louisiana, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 3–1
| Eric Marriott
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bellator 13
|
| align=center | 3
| align=center | 5:00
| Hollywood, Florida, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center | 2–1
| Bibiano Fernandes
| Submission (armbar)
| Dream 11
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 0:42
| Yokohama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 2–0
| Norifumi Yamamoto
| Decision (split)
| Dream 9
|
| align=center | 2
| align=center | 5:00
| Yokohama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 1–0
| Chase Beebe
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Dream 7
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 10:00
| Saitama, Saitama, Japan
|
See also
List of current mixed martial arts champions
List of male mixed martial artists
References
External links
(archive)
Joe Warren profile at the National Wrestling Hall of Fame
1976 births
Living people
American male mixed martial artists
American male sport wrestlers
Featherweight mixed martial artists
Bantamweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Greco-Roman wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Bellator MMA champions
Bellator male fighters
University of Michigan alumni |
"Krusty Krab Training Video" is the second segment of the tenth episode of the third season of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, and the second part of the 50th episode overall. The episode was written by Aaron Springer, C. H. Greenblatt, and Kent Osborne, and the animation was directed by Frank Weiss. Springer and Greenblatt also served as storyboard directors, and Caleb Meurer served as storyboard artist. The segment originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 10, 2002.
The series follows the adventures and endeavours of the title character and his various friends in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. In this segment, SpongeBob is depicted as a trainee in an industrial training video for new employees of the Krusty Krab restaurant. The video details the beginnings of the restaurant, its various implements, and what it takes to become a good Krusty Krab employee.
"Krusty Krab Training Video" received critical acclaim from online critics, who praised its originality and meta-humor as a parody of industrial videos, it gained a cult following with fans and is generally considered one of the best episodes of the series.
Plot
The episode is formatted as an industrial training video, and it begins with a narrator (Steve Kehela) congratulating the newly hired employee of the renowned Krusty Krab restaurant, SpongeBob SquarePants. SpongeBob proceeds to ask if he can make a Krabby Patty burger, but is denied as he has to undergo training first. The narrator then shares how the restaurant came to be, with its founder, Mr. Krabs, previously suffering from a long depression after "the war" before deciding to acquire a bankrupt retirement home and turn it into the Krusty Krab.
In the present day, the restaurant has since tried to modernize itself and maintain customer satisfaction by acquiring the "latest" fast food technology, such as the spatula and the cash register. For the restaurant's employees, the narrator differentiates the characteristics of a potentially good employee and a bad employee through the examples and actions of SpongeBob and Squidward respectively, and among the most important things to learn on the job is the acronym "P.O.O.P." (short for "People Order Our Patties"). Other matters discussed by the narrator include personal hygiene, the work station, and how to interact with the manager Mr. Krabs, all while SpongeBob impatiently awaits the chance to make a Krabby Patty.
After all the basics of being an employee have been covered, the narrator asks SpongeBob if he is ready to prepare a Krabby Patty. After SpongeBob vigorously nods in affirmation, the training video abruptly cuts to the credits before the narrator begins to tell the Krabby Patty secret formula.
Release
"Krusty Krab Training Video" originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 10, 2002.
For home media, the episode was first made available as part of the SpongeBob SquarePants DVD release titled "SpongeBob SquarePants: Sponge for Hire" on November 2, 2004. Later, it was released on the "SpongeBob SquarePants: The Complete 3rd Season" DVD collection on September 27, 2005.
In October 2019, a five-minute edit of the episode was released on the online platform YouTube by the official SpongeBob SquarePants YouTube account.
Reception
"Krusty Krab Training Video" received critical acclaim from both DVD critics and online pop culture critics. Bryan Pope of DVD Verdict praised the episode for being "a hilarious parody of industrial training videos", and cited it as one of the classics produced by the third season of SpongeBob SquarePants, which he argues is the series' high point. Francis Rizzo III of DVD Talk considered the episode to be "[v]ery funny" and stated that "Spongebob's simple desire to make a Krabby Patty dominates the action, in an episode that might be a bit above kids' heads."
On the tenth anniversary of the SpongeBob series, Priya Elan of The Guardian ranked the episode at 1 on his top five favorite SpongeBob "moments", stating that it is "[a]mazing on many levels. From the "bankrupt retirement homes" to P.O.O.P. to the moment Patrick tries to place an order." Jared Russo of the website Medium ranked the episode at 4 in his top 100 list, praising its originality and "off-the-wall" playfulness and meta-humor. Jaclyn Kessel of Decider ranked "Krusty Krab Training Video" at 5 in her "10 Essential 'SpongeBob Squarepants' Episodes" list, stating that "This episode shines because I can honestly say I've never seen anything like this in any show before.... The abrupt ending of this episode brilliantly prevents us from ever learning what is in the Krusty Krab secret sauce." Madeline Kaplan from Slate, in contributing to the site's list of the best SpongeBob episodes, wrote that "One of my strongest memories of the pre-streaming era is of watching "Krusty Krab Training Video" and waiting [...] for Nickelodeon to air it again.... This segment, and many other SpongeBob episodes, taught me to love weird comedy." IGN also listed the episode as one of the staff's favorite SpongeBob episodes. In 2021, Jordan Moreau, Katcy Stephan and David Viramontes of Variety ranked the episode as the seventh-best SpongeBob episode, describing it as "a perfect example of how the show mixes mediums, presenting portions in hand-drawn animation, CG art styles and live-action elements."
Tom Kenny, who voices SpongeBob in the series, considers it one of his favorite episodes, listing it 15 on the iTunes release "SpongeBob SquarePants: Tom Kenny's Top 20".
Awards
During the 2003 Golden Reel Awards, both "Wet Painters" and "Krusty Krab Training Video" won the award for "Best Sound Editing in Television Episode – Music", with Nicolas Carr representing the series.
References
External links
2002 American television episodes
SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
Television episodes with live action and animation |
Moufida Tlatli (; 4 August 19477 February 2021) was a Tunisian film director, screenwriter, and editor. She is best known for her breakthrough film The Silences of the Palace, which won several international awards and was praised by critics. She made two more well received movies,The Season of Men and Nadia and Sarra.
Early life
Moufida Tlatli was born in Sidi Bou Said, a suburb of the capital Tunis, on 4 August 1947. Her interest in cinema was piqued by her philosophy teacher. She moved to Paris in 1965, where she studied film editing and screenplay at the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques. She subsequently went back to Tunisia in 1972 and started off as a film editor. One of the notable films she edited was Halfaouine Child of the Terraces (1990) by Férid Boughedir.
Career
Moufida Tlatli made her directorial debut with The Silences of the Palace (1994). She drew inspiration for the film from the challenging experiences her mother endured as an Arab woman. The film was acclaimed critically and won several awards: Cannes Film Festival's Golden Camera, the Carthage Film Festival's Golden Tanit, British Film Institute's Sutherland Trophy, Toronto Film Festival's International Critics' Award, and Istanbul International Film Festival's Golden Tulip. It was later categorized as one of the ten best films from Africa by film director and critic Mark Cousins in September 2012.
The second film Moufida Tlatli directed, The Season of Men (2000), was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the Cannes Film Festival that year. It was awarded the Grand Prix by the Arab World Institute, as well as awards at film festivals held in Namur, Valencia, Torino, and Stuttgart. She subsequently sat as a juror of the Cannes Film Festival. She became only the second director from the Maghreb to do so, after Boughedir one decade before. Her third and final film, Nadia and Sarra (2004), featured Palestinian actor–director Hiam Abbass in the title role.
Later life
Tlatli was appointed as Minister of Culture by Tunisia's provisional government in 2011, following the Tunisian Revolution and the ousting of president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
Tlatli died of COVID-19 on 7 February 2021, at age 73. She was survived by her husband, Mohamed Tlatli, her daughter Selima Chaffai and son, Walid, and five grandchildren.
Filmography
Editor
Director
Writer
References
1947 births
2021 deaths
Tunisian women film directors
Tunisian film directors
People from Tunis Governorate
Tunisian expatriates in France
Tunisian screenwriters
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia |
Lewis Township is a township in Gove County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 13.
Geography
Lewis Township covers an area of and contains no incorporated settlements. According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Pyramid View and Swedish Lutheran.
The stream of Hell Creek runs through this township.
References
USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
External links
US-Counties.com
City-Data.com
Townships in Gove County, Kansas
Townships in Kansas |
Donald John Hall (7 June 1937 – 23 April 2018) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
Don Hall's profile at Blueseum
1937 births
Carlton Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
2018 deaths |
こ, in hiragana or コ in katakana, is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represents one mora. Both represent . The shape of these kana comes from the kanji 己.
This character may be supplemented by a dakuten; it becomes ご in hiragana, ゴ in katakana and go in Hepburn romanization. Also, the pronunciation is affected, transforming into in initial positions and varying between and in the middle of words.
A handakuten (゜) does not occur with ko in normal Japanese text, but it may be used by linguists to indicate a nasal pronunciation .
Stroke order
Other communicative representations
Full Braille representation
Computer encodings
References
See also
Koto (kana)
Specific kana |
Richard Dawson (16 April 1762 – 3 September 1807) was an Irish Member of Parliament.
Biography
He was the third son of Richard Dawson of Ardee by his wife Anne, daughter of Sir Edward O'Brien, 2nd Baronet, and after his father's death in 1782 he became heir-presumptive to his uncle Thomas Dawson, 1st Baron Dartrey. On 22 May 1784 he married Catherine, daughter of Colonel Arthur Graham of Hockley, county Armagh; they had one son and four daughters. Dawson was elected to the Irish House of Commons for County Monaghan in April 1797 through the influence of his uncle (now Viscount Cremorne), and was named as heir in the special remainder of the barony of Cremorne granted to his uncle in November of that year. He continued to represent Monaghan in the Irish Parliament until the Act of Union, and then sat for the same county in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom until his death in a Dublin Hotel. His son Richard Thomas Dawson succeeded as second Baron Cremorne in 1813.
References
1762 births
1807 deaths
People educated at The Royal School, Armagh
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Richard
Members of Lincoln's Inn
High Sheriffs of Monaghan
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Irish MPs 1798–1800
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs 1802–1806
UK MPs 1806–1807
UK MPs 1807–1812
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Monaghan constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Monaghan constituencies |
Austin Quinn-Davidson (born October 29, 1979) is an American politician and attorney who served as the acting mayor of Anchorage, Alaska after the resignation of Ethan Berkowitz in October 2020 until the inauguration of Dave Bronson in July 2021. Quinn-Davidson began serving on the Anchorage Assembly in 2018.
Early life and education
Quinn-Davidson was born in Sacramento, California. She earned a Bachelor of Arts in environmental studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2001 and a Juris Doctor from UC Davis School of Law in 2007.
Career
Prior to serving as a member of the Assembly, Quinn-Davidson was a member of the Anchorage Budget Advisory and Women's Commissions. At the time of her election to the Assembly in 2018, Quinn-Davidson served as the Legal Affairs & Land Transactions Director at Great Land Trust, a non-profit organization based in Southcentral Alaska. While Assembly seats are nonpartisan, Quinn-Davidson has been referred to as a progressive.
Mayor of Anchorage
In October 2020, incumbent mayor Ethan Berkowitz announced that he had conducted an inappropriate texting relationship with a local television reporter. Berkowitz then resigned from office, effective October 23. Upon the announcement, the Anchorage Assembly was restructured. Quinn-Davidson, who had been serving as vice chair, was selected to serve as chair, placing her first in the mayoral line of succession. When Quinn-Davidson assumed office, she became the first woman and openly-gay person to serve as mayor of Anchorage. She chose not to run for election to a full term as mayor in 2021.
References
1979 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Alaska Independents
Lawyers from Anchorage, Alaska
Anchorage Assembly members
Lesbian politicians
LGBT people from Alaska
LGBT mayors of places in the United States
Living people
Mayors of Anchorage, Alaska
Politicians from Sacramento, California
UC Davis School of Law alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
Women mayors of places in Alaska
21st-century American LGBT people |
Thomas Stephen Chalmers (26 December 1935 – 29 April 2019) was a Scottish footballer who played as a centre-forward and spent the majority of his career with Celtic. He is the club's fifth-highest goalscorer with 236 goals and is considered one of their greatest players. He is particularly known for scoring the winning goal in the 1967 European Cup Final against Inter Milan. Chalmers later played for Morton and Partick Thistle. He also represented Scotland five times in international matches.
Early life
Chalmers was born on 26 December 1935 in the Garngad district of Glasgow, where he attended St Roch's Secondary School. The family later moved to nearby Balornock. His father, David, played for Clydebank.
Career
Leaving school aged 14, he signed for Kirkintilloch Rob Roy in 1953. Subsequently, he joined the RAF and during his time doing national service at RAF Stradishall in 1955 played for Newmarket Town. He then moved back to Scotland, signing with SJFA team Ashfield, and represented Scotland at that level in 1959. Shortly afterwards he signed for Celtic, making his league debut in March 1959 against Airdrie.
He spent 12 full seasons with Celtic, helping the club to six league titles, three Scottish Cups, and four League Cups, as well as being part of the Lisbon Lions side that won the 1967 European Cup. He scored the winning goal in the 85th minute of the final, and in doing so also sealed the first European Treble and the only Quadruple to date.
His involvement became limited after he broke a leg in the 1969 Scottish League Cup Final, and he missed the rest of that season including the 1970 European Cup Final. His total of 236 goals is the fifth-highest in the history of the club, and he is remembered as one of the greatest players in Celtic's history.
After leaving Celtic Park in September 1971 at the age of 35, Chalmers continued to appear in Scotland's top tier, with spells at Morton and Partick Thistle before he retired in 1975. He made a very brief comeback with junior club St Roch's during the 1975–76 season.
He was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame in 2016.
International
Chalmers won five full caps for Scotland between 1964 and 1966, scoring three goals. He was also selected four times for the Scottish Football League XI.
Personal life
Chalmers's father David played for Clydebank in the 1920s, and his son, Paul, also played professionally with several clubs after starting his career with Celtic in the 1980s. Chalmers and his wife, Sadie, had six children.
In 1955, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis meningitis and was given only weeks to live before being successfully treated.
It was reported in May 2017 that 81-year-old Chalmers was suffering from dementia and was unable to attend the Lisbon Lions' 50th anniversary events. Chalmers died on 29 April 2019, aged 83.
Career statistics
Club
International appearances
International goals
Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first.
Honours
Celtic
European Cup: 1966–67
Intercontinental Cup runners-up: 1967
Scottish League Championship (4): 1965–66, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69
Scottish Cup (3): 1964–65, 1966–67, 1968–69
Scottish League Cup (4): 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70
Glasgow Cup (4): 1961–62, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67
Scotland
Home Championship: 1966–67
Notes
References
External links
Player profile at The Celtic Wiki
Player profile at The Partick Thistle History Archive
1935 births
Ashfield F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
Celtic F.C. players
Dumbarton F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Kirkintilloch Rob Roy F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scotland men's junior international footballers
2019 deaths
Newmarket Town F.C. players
Partick Thistle F.C. players
Scotland men's international footballers
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Football League representative players
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish league football top scorers
Scottish Roman Catholics
Footballers from Glasgow
St Roch's F.C. players
Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees
UEFA Champions League winning players
People from Springburn
Deaths from dementia in the United Kingdom |
The women's 50m freestyle S9 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 14 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.
Results
Heats
Competed from 10:45.
Heat 1
Heat 2
Final
Competed at 20:04.
Q = qualified for final. PR = Paralympic Record. DQ = Disqualified.
References
Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
2008 in women's swimming |
Invision or InVision may refer to:
Invision Agency, an entertainment company part owned by The Associated Press
Invision Community, an Internet community software produced by Invision Power Services
Invision Private Equity, owners of Swiss Education Group
Invision Studios, a film production company based in Harare, Zimbabwe
InVision Technologies, a manufacturer of airport security screening devices to detect explosives in baggage
Invision (software), a web-based prototyping tool |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2012 was unanimously adopted on 12 October 2011.
Resolution
Recognizing that the overall security situation in Haiti, while fragile, had improved in the year since a powerful earthquake struck the tiny island nation, the Security Council today extended until 15 October 2012 the mandate of the United Nations Stabilization Mission there and adjusted its force capacities.
Unanimously adopting resolution 2012 (2011) and acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the Council decided that the overall force levels of the Mission — known as MINUSTAH — would consist of up to 7,340 troops of all ranks and a police component of up to 3,241, consistent with recommendations in paragraph 50 of the Secretary-General's report on the Mission's work (document S/2011/540).
According to that report, the Secretary-General expresses confidence that a partial drawdown of the Mission's post-earthquake “surge” military and police capabilities would be unlikely to undermine progress made so far on the security front. He, therefore, recommends reducing the Mission's authorized military strength by 1,600 personnel and reducing the authorized police strength by 1,150 formed police unit officers, to be completed by June 2012.
See also
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 2001 to 2100
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
2012
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Haiti
2011 in Haiti
October 2011 events |
Rock Camp is an unincorporated community in northeastern Perry Township, Lawrence County, Ohio, United States.
References
Unincorporated communities in Lawrence County, Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Ohio |
Andrew Gachkar (born November 4, 1988) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the San Diego Chargers, Dallas Cowboys and Carolina Panthers. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Missouri.
Early years
Gachkar grew up in Overland Park, Kansas and attended Blue Valley West High School. As a junior, he registered 83 tackles, 5 sacks, 2 interceptions (one returned for a touchdown) and 2 forced fumbles.
As a senior, he was limited by a shoulder injury, but still managed to be a two-way player at running back and linebacker. He was rated the number 10 overall prospect in the state of Kansas by Super Prep.
College career
Gachkar accepted a football scholarship from the University of Missouri. As a true freshman, he appeared in 14 games, playing mainly on special teams. He made 16 defensive tackles and one forced fumble.
As a sophomore, he recovered from four surgeries in the off-season, where he had a rib removed to alleviate blood clotting issues in his right arm and upper body. He appeared in 14 games as a backup, collecting 28 tackles (one for loss).
As a junior, he started in 13 games at strongside linebacker, posting 80 tackles (second on the team), 3 sacks and 3 fumble recoveries (led the team). He was part of a defense that ranked 26th in the nation against the run (118.62-yard avg.). He had 4 tackles, one tackle, one forced fumble and 2 fumble recoveries against the University of Nebraska. He made 9 tackles against Oklahoma State University. He had 10 tackles against Kansas State University.
As a senior, he was moved to weakside linebacker to replace All-American Sean Weatherspoon. He started in 13 games, finishing with 51 tackles (led the team), 8.5 tackles for loss, one sack and 2 interceptions. He was a part of the number one scoring defense in the nation.
Professional career
San Diego Chargers
Gachkar was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round (234th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. On July 28, 2011, he was signed to a four-year deal with the Chargers. As a rookie, he posted 15 defensive tackles and 12 special teams tackles (second on the team).
He became a valuable special teams player, while also being a solid reserve linebacker. In 2012, he recorded 13 tackles (2 for loss), one sack and 8 special teams tackles.
In 2013, he started 3 out of 16 games, making 33 tackles (one for loss), one forced fumble and 8 special teams tackles. He had 6 tackles and one forced fumble against the Tennessee Titans. He made 8 tackles against the Washington Redskins.
In 2014, he received more playing time due to injuries and defensive coordinator John Pagano rotations at linebacker. He appeared in 15 games with 5 starts, registering, 49 tackles (6 for loss), one sack, one pass defensed 16 special teams tackles and also scored his first NFL touchdown against the St. Louis Rams on a fumble recovery. He had 8 tackles against the Denver Broncos.
Dallas Cowboys
On March 15, 2015, he signed with the Dallas Cowboys a two-year, $5.5 million contract, reuniting with former Chargers special teams coordinator Rich Bisaccia. As a reserve linebacker, he showed the ability to play all three positions and made Jasper Brinkley expendable. He started against the New Orleans Saints and posted 6 tackles. In the eighth game of the season against the Philadelphia Eagles, he saw extended time in place of Sean Lee who was out with a concussion, while tallying 4 tackles (one for loss). He played in every game, registering 8 special teams tackles (tied for fourth on the team) and 13 defensive tackles.
In 2016, he remained a core special teams player, making 7 defensive tackles, 2 quarterback pressures and 7 special teams tackles (tied for fourth on the team). In the season finale against the Philadelphia Eagles, the Cowboys rested players for the playoffs and Gachkar saw extended playing time, posting 5 tackles (one for loss), 2 quarterback pressures and a half-sack. He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On August 13, 2017, Gachkar signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was released on September 2, 2017.
Carolina Panthers
On October 17, 2017, Gachkar signed with the Carolina Panthers. He appeared in 6 games and was declared inactive in 4 contests, while making 5 special teams tackles (tied for third on the team). He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Personal life
Gachkar overcame a life-threatening ailment to even be able to play football. In 2007, after his freshman year at Missouri, he was diagnosed with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. He had developed a blood clot because his collarbone and rib cage were too close together to allow proper blood flow through his veins. As a result, he underwent major surgery to remove one of his ribs, and a second surgery after another clot developed. Gachkar spent more than 20 hours in surgery and nearly a month in the hospital and he lost 30 pounds. The surgeries initially put his football future in doubt, but Gachkar was diligent in his rehabilitation and he made it back for the 2008 season without missing a game.
On March 23, 2013, he married Lauren Nuckolls, a former Missouri Tiger volleyball player and his high school sweetheart.
References
External links
Missouri Tigers football bio
1988 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Carolina Panthers players
Dallas Cowboys players
Missouri Tigers football players
Sportspeople from Overland Park, Kansas
Players of American football from Kansas
San Diego Chargers players |
The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI; English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction") was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies that went bankrupt during the Great Depression. After the Second World War, IRI played a pivotal role in the Italian economic miracle of the 1950s and 1960s. It was dissolved in 2002.
History
In 1930, the Great Depression affected the Italian financial sector, seriously disrupting credit lines and making it difficult for companies to obtain loans. The Fascist regime led by Benito Mussolini, fearing a credit crunch with subsequent mass dismissals and a wave of social unrest, started to take over the banks' stakes in large industrial companies (such as steel, weapons and chemicals). At the same time, Mussolini tried to inject capital into failing businesses (Though restructured later). Although initially conceived as a temporary measure, IRI continued to operate throughout the period of the Fascist regime and well beyond. Although IRI was not intended to carry out real nationalizations, it became the de facto owner and operator of a large number of major banks and companies. By January 1934, the IRI reported that it controlled “48.5 percent of the share capital of Italy,” and a few months later acquired the capital of the banks themselves, prompting Mussolini to declare on May 26, 1934 to Italy's Chamber of Deputies that “Three-fourths of Italian economy, industrial and agricultural, is in the hands of the State.” The IRI heavily succeeded in its goals as it saved failing banks and companies by restructuring and refinancing the companies and banks. By 1939 the IRI and other government agencies “controlled over four-fifths of Italy’s shipping and shipbuilding, three-quarters of its pig iron production and almost half that of steel.” Political Historian noted that “This level of state intervention greatly surpassed that in Nazi Germany, giving Italy a public sector second only to that of Stalin’s Russia.” In reality, the IRI's activity was actually limited on the one hand to providing assistance mostly financing, and the other it was reduced exclusively to accounting and administrative control, without much interference in drawing up technical and economic plans on a large scale.
After the war
After the war, the survival of the Institute was uncertain, as it had been created more as a temporary solution than to meet long-term goals. But it proved difficult for the state to make the large investments needed for private companies that would only yield returns in the long term. So IRI retained the structure it had under fascism. Only after 1950 was IRI's function better defined: a new thrust was instigated by Oscar Sinigaglia, who, planning to increase the production capacity of the Italian steel industry, formed an alliance with private industry. This gave IRI the new role of developing the industrial infrastructure of the country, not by means of individual investments, but by an unwritten division of labour. Examples were the development of the steel industry and the telephone network and the construction of the Autostrada del Sole, which began in 1956.
"The IRI formula"
The Italian economy grew rapidly in the 1960s, the IRI was one of the protagonists of the "Italian economic miracle". Other European countries, particularly the British Labour government, saw the "IRI formula" as a positive example of state intervention in the economy, better than the simple "nationalization" because it allowed for cooperation between public and private capital. Many companies had both kinds of capital. Many in the IRI group remained publicly traded, and corporate bonds issued by the Institute to fund their companies were heavily subscribed.
At the head of IRI were leading members of the Christian Democracy party, such as Giuseppe Petrilli, president of the Institute from 1960 to 1979. In his writings, Petrilli developed a theory that emphasized the positive effects of the "IRI formula". Across IRI, companies were used for social purposes, and the state had to bear the costs and inefficiencies generated by their investments. IRI did not always follow normal commercial practices, but invested in the interests of the community, even uneconomically and to the extent of generating "improper charges".
Critical of these welfare-oriented practices was the second President of the Italian Republic, the Liberal Luigi Einaudi, who said: "A public company, if not based on economic criteria, tends to a hospice-type of charity."
Since the objectives of the state were to develop the southern economy and to maintain full employment, the IRI had to concentrate its investments in the south and to develop jobs in their companies. Petrilli's position reflected those, already widespread in Christian Democracy, that sought a "third way" between liberalism and communism, dating from the 1943 ; IRI's mixed system of state-owned enterprises seemed to achieve this hybrid between the two polarised systems.
Investments and rescues
IRI invested very large amounts in southern Italy, such as in the construction of in Taranto, Alfasud Pomigliano d'Arco and Pratola Serra in Irpinia. Others were planned but never carried out, such as the steelworks of Gioia Tauro. To avoid serious employment crises, the IRI was often called in to help private companies in trouble: examples are the bailouts of Motta and Shipbuilding Rinaldo Piaggio and the acquisition of food companies by Montedison. This gave rise to more activities and dependents for the Institute.
Governance
For most of its history the IRI was an ente pubblico economico, which reported formally to the . At its head were a board of directors and an advisory board, consisting of a Chairman and members appointed by the ruling political parties. The president of IRI was always appointed by the Christian Democrats, the vice-presidency was often provided by the Republican Party, for example Bruno Visentini for more than twenty years and then , to counterbalance the weight of the Catholics with those of big business and the laity, represented by the Republicans. The appointment of the heads of banking, financial and other major companies was decided by the presidential committee, but especially during the tenure of Petrilli, the powers were concentrated in the hands of the president and a few people close to him.
After the transformation of IRI into a limited company in 1992, the board was reduced to only three members, and the influence of Christian Democrat and other parties, in a period when many of their members were involved in the Tangentopoli investigation, was greatly reduced. In the year of privatization, the management of IRI was centralized in the hands of the Treasury.
The IRI name remained in journalistic language as a byword for those who assign public investments to companies without strong business criteria. Government agencies such as the Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (a bank) and have been dubbed "new IRI", with some negative connotations, to indicate that their purposes and policies tend to patronage, according to critics, rather than economic criteria.
In 1980, IRI was a group of about 1,000 companies with more than 500,000 employees. For many years, it was the largest industrial company outside the United States. In 1992 it ended the year with revenues of 75,912 trillion lire, but with losses of 5,182 billion. In 1993 it was the world's seventh-largest company by revenue, with 67.5 billion dollars in sales.
Privatisation
After World War II, IRI became one of the largest state conglomerates in the world, owning many diverse businesses such as the autostrada system, the flag carrier Alitalia and many banks, steel, food, chemicals and telecom companies. It was divested and privatized during the 1980s and 1990s and eventually dissolved in 2002. The Andreatta-Van Miert agreement marked a significant acceleration of privatization, which started in 1992. Despite some opinions to the contrary, the Treasury chose not to privatize the IRI, but to sell off its operating companies; this policy was inaugurated under the first government of Giuliano Amato and was never called into question by later governments. In 1997 it reached the levels of indebtedness secured by the Andreatta-Van Miert agreement, but divestitures continued and the institute had lost any function but to sell its assets and to move towards settlement.
See also
Alitalia (Flag carrier)
Autostrade per l'Italia (highways)
Banca Commerciale Italiana (Bank of National Interest)
Banco di Roma (Bank of National Interest)
Credito Italiano (Bank of National Interest)
Economy of Italy under fascism
Fincantieri (naval construction)
Leonardo-Finmeccanica (mechanics and automobiles)
RAI (Public broadcaster)
STET (telephone company owned by IRI and founded by it in 1933; merged with Telecom Italia in 1997)
References
Sources
Vera Lutz, Italy: A Study in Economic Development, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1962.
Pasquale Saraceno, Il sistema delle imprese a partecipazione statale nell'esperienza italiana, Milano, Giuffrè, 1975.
Bruno Amoroso – O.J. Olsen, Lo stato imprenditore, Bari, Laterza, 1978.
Nico Perrone, Il dissesto programmato. Le partecipazioni statali nel sistema di consenso democristiano, Bari, Dedalo, 1992,
Stuart Holland (ed.) The State as Entrepreneur, New dimensions for public enterprise: the IRI state shareholding formula. 1972, The Centre for Contemporary European Studies, University of Sussex.
Formerly government-owned companies of Italy
Italian Fascism
Holding companies established in 1933
Financial services companies disestablished in 2002
Italian companies established in 1933
Conglomerate companies established in 1933
Financial services companies established in 1933
Holding companies disestablished in 2002
Italian companies disestablished in 2002 |
Cassandra Bankson (born November 11, 1992) is an American model, medical aesthetician, and online social media personality from San Francisco, California. She has been featured on Good Morning America, Today, The Doctors, and The Anderson Cooper Show, among other international television shows. She has been featured in magazines and websites including Vogue, Seventeen, Glamour, Forbes, People, In Touch Weekly, Us Weekly, Cosmopolitan, POPSUGAR, First for Women, and the cover of Reveal Magazine and newspapers USA Today, The New York Post, and Pleasanton Weekly.
Early life
Bankson was born to Jennifer and Richard Bankson in San Francisco, California. She grew up in the affluent suburbs of the San Francisco bay area and was raised in a predominantly Christian household. At age eight, Bankson developed a rather innocuous strain of Acne vulgaris, which later transformed into an aggressive strain of acne conglobata by the time she was fourteen. Eventually her severe skin condition had progressed to the extent that it engulfed her entire face and most of her body. Bankson's parents tried tirelessly to treat their daughter's acne by taking her to 16 different specialists across the United States and western Europe, which proved unsuccessful. Bankson was bullied relentlessly for her severe acne and eventually pulled out of school as a result. She later studied with a private tutor to complete her education. Along with her skin condition, she also has uterus didelphys, a condition wherein she possesses two vaginas, two uteruses, and two cervixes.
Career
Modeling
Bankson had been working with local professional photographers and model coach Charleston Pierce when she decided to submit professional shots to modeling agencies in San Francisco.
Bankson attended auditions for America's Next Top Model in Blackhawk and Los Angeles, but did not make it to the televised stages. Bankson has modeled for companies including Citizens of Humanity, HP, Davidson and Licht, Farouk Hair Systems, "Guess By Marciano" CHI (with Miss America Contestants and Abel Salazar), Biosilk, Prada, Bebe, along with appearing in other catalogs, magazines, local TV programmes, and runway shows.
In April and May 2012, Bankson took part in appearances throughout Sephora stores in partnership with Hourglass Cosmetics.
On September 13, 2012, Bankson walked at the Boy Meets Girl runway show at New York Fashion Week.
YouTube
In 2010, Bankson began making videos on the YouTube channel "Diamondsandheels14" on topics such as makeup, fashion, and lifestyle. She has since re-branded to "Cassandra Bankson" with a focus on skincare that is both Cruelty Free and Vegan.
The channel's most popular video, titled "Foundation Routine For Flawless Skin Acne Coverage", showing Bankson's bare skin and her secrets to cover her severe acne, gained international attention including that of Right This Minute, Good Morning America, "Anderson", The Today Show, The Insider, MSN, Fox News, and the front page of AOL, Yahoo, and MSN. After posting the video, she didn't look at the comments for four months, afraid of being bullied online. She posted the video hoping it would help "just one person".
The video has since gained well over 21 million views.
Bankson "made it her mission" to help others with makeup, confidence, acne, and skin conditions online. Her daily videos have also received international press and media attention She is a 'vlogger', and has also posted videos for men who suffer with acne.
As of May, 2021, her YouTube channel has over 1.47 million subscribers and 178 million video views. Along with YouTube, Bankson has a large following on other social media sites such as TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. As of May 2021, she has over 230 thousand followers on Tiktok and 115 thousand followers on Instagram.
Bankson's story and her popular YouTube video were featured in an episode of Investigation Discovery's Karma's A B*tch.
Career milestones
Bankson is an Amazon affiliate and hosts weekly livestreams on the platform.
On February 18, 2021, Cassandra was a special guest on the #AskINKEYAskathon, a 4-hour virtual event hosted by skincare brand The Inkey List. This event was dedicated to educating and empowering attendees and answering their skincare questions.
In June 2021, Cassandra served as a brand ambassador for The INKEY List in honor of Acne Awareness Month and led social media discussions about skincare, hosted a Q& A with brand founders, created original video content advising a select group of subscribers on their skincare journeys, and more.
She has been named a “rising woman of power” by Forbes, has had frequent guest appearances on The Today Show and has been featured as a 10-year beauty expert on Good Morning America. She has also been dubbed a top TikTok skincare influencer by Cosmopolitan magazine and appeared on a podcast with Dr. Anthony Yuon discussing TikTok skincare trends.
In 2021, Cassandra sat down with notable women in business including Randi Zuckerberg and Melissa Rivers, where she discussed topics ranging from entrepreneurship to mental health struggles.
Humanitarian work
Bankson has taken her role as an advocate for human rights to the next level as a brand ambassador for Food For Life Global, a charity that provides school children with ethically sourced and nutritionally balanced meals in conjunction with hunger relief programs. She has also partnered with Prabh Aasra (Universal Disabled CareTaker Social Welfare Society), a home in Punjab with a core mission to give unconditional opportunity, treatment/rehabilitation and shelter to those that are struggling with different forms of illness as well as orphaned and abandoned children.
Personal life
Bankson is a vegan.
On April 30, 2018, she came out as a lesbian on her YouTube channel. In her coming out story, she mentions "an obligation to be fully authentic."
References
External links
on YouTube
General Information about Staphylococcus aureus from US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1992 births
Female models from California
Living people
Lesbian models
Video bloggers
Women video bloggers
American make-up artists
American women bloggers
American LGBT models
YouTubers from California
American lesbian writers
People with supernumerary body parts
LGBT people from California
21st-century American women writers
21st-century American LGBT people |
```toml
#
# file name: set3-initial-9.small16
#
# machine-generated by: ucptrietest.c
[code_point_trie.struct]
name = "set3-initial-9.small16"
index = [
0,0x40,0x5c,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,
0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,
0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,
0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,
0x11c,0x136,0x14e,0x16d,0,0x10,0x20,0x30,0x40,0x50,0x60,0x70,0x5c,0x6c,0x7c,0x8c,
0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,
0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,0x80,0x90,0xa0,0xb0,
0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,
0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,
0xc7,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,
0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,
0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0xd7,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,
0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,
0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0xe7,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,
0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,
0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf4,0xf6,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,
0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x104,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,
0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x110,0x44,0x50,0x50,0x50,
0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
3,3,3,3,3,3,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,
0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x70,0x78,3,3,3,3,3,3,
3,3,3,3,3,3,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,0x98,3,3,
3,3,3,0xb8,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xd5,0xe8,3,3,3,
3,3,3,0xfc
]
data_16 = [
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
9,9,9,9,9,9,9,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
4,4,4,4,4,4,4,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
9,9,9,9,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
3,3,3,3,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,
6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
6,0xad
]
indexLength = 372
dataLength = 290
highStart = 0xce00
shifted12HighStart = 0xd
type = 1
valueWidth = 0
index3NullOffset = 0x3
dataNullOffset = 0x80
nullValue = 0x9
[code_point_trie.testdata]
# Array of (limit, value) pairs
checkRanges = [
0,9,0x31,9,0xa4,1,0x3400,9,0x6789,2,0x9000,9,0xa000,4,0xabcd,9,
0xbcde,3,0xcccc,9,0x110000,6
]
``` |
```yaml
# Do not edit. Data is from res/country/metadata and path_to_url
atmOperators: [Caixabank, La Caixa, Laboral Kutxa, Caja Rural de Navarra, Caja Rural, BBVA]
chargingStationOperators: [Iberdrola, Zunder, Ionity, Endesa, Wenea, 'Tesla, Inc.', Ingeteam]
officialLanguages: [es, eu]
parcelLockerBrand: [Amazon Locker]
``` |
```scss
.#{$prefix}tip {
position: absolute;
overflow: visible; /*pointer needs to be able to stick out*/
}
.#{$prefix}tip-body {
overflow: hidden;
position: relative;
}
.#{$prefix}tip-anchor {
position: absolute;
overflow: hidden;
border-style: solid;
}
``` |
```objective-c
//
// Path_UNIX.h
//
// Library: Foundation
// Package: Filesystem
// Module: Path
//
// Definition of the PathImpl class fo rUnix.
//
// and Contributors.
//
//
#ifndef Foundation_Path_UNIX_INCLUDED
#define Foundation_Path_UNIX_INCLUDED
#include <vector>
#include "Poco/Foundation.h"
namespace Poco
{
class PathImpl
{
public:
static std::string currentImpl();
static std::string homeImpl();
static std::string configHomeImpl();
static std::string dataHomeImpl();
static std::string tempHomeImpl();
static std::string cacheHomeImpl();
static std::string tempImpl();
static std::string configImpl();
static std::string nullImpl();
static std::string expandImpl(const std::string & path);
static void listRootsImpl(std::vector<std::string> & roots);
};
} // namespace Poco
#endif // Foundation_Path_UNIX_INCLUDED
``` |
```c++
//===-- SBAddress.cpp -----------------------------------------------------===//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#include "lldb/API/SBAddress.h"
#include "Utils.h"
#include "lldb/API/SBProcess.h"
#include "lldb/API/SBSection.h"
#include "lldb/API/SBStream.h"
#include "lldb/Core/Address.h"
#include "lldb/Core/Module.h"
#include "lldb/Symbol/LineEntry.h"
#include "lldb/Target/Target.h"
#include "lldb/Utility/Instrumentation.h"
#include "lldb/Utility/StreamString.h"
using namespace lldb;
using namespace lldb_private;
SBAddress::SBAddress() : m_opaque_up(new Address()) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
}
SBAddress::SBAddress(const Address &address)
: m_opaque_up(std::make_unique<Address>(address)) {}
SBAddress::SBAddress(const SBAddress &rhs) : m_opaque_up(new Address()) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, rhs);
m_opaque_up = clone(rhs.m_opaque_up);
}
SBAddress::SBAddress(lldb::SBSection section, lldb::addr_t offset)
: m_opaque_up(new Address(section.GetSP(), offset)) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, section, offset);
}
// Create an address by resolving a load address using the supplied target
SBAddress::SBAddress(lldb::addr_t load_addr, lldb::SBTarget &target)
: m_opaque_up(new Address()) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, load_addr, target);
SetLoadAddress(load_addr, target);
}
SBAddress::~SBAddress() = default;
const SBAddress &SBAddress::operator=(const SBAddress &rhs) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, rhs);
if (this != &rhs)
m_opaque_up = clone(rhs.m_opaque_up);
return *this;
}
bool lldb::operator==(const SBAddress &lhs, const SBAddress &rhs) {
if (lhs.IsValid() && rhs.IsValid())
return lhs.ref() == rhs.ref();
return false;
}
bool SBAddress::operator!=(const SBAddress &rhs) const {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, rhs);
return !(*this == rhs);
}
bool SBAddress::IsValid() const {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
return this->operator bool();
}
SBAddress::operator bool() const {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
return m_opaque_up != nullptr && m_opaque_up->IsValid();
}
void SBAddress::Clear() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
m_opaque_up = std::make_unique<Address>();
}
void SBAddress::SetAddress(lldb::SBSection section, lldb::addr_t offset) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, section, offset);
Address &addr = ref();
addr.SetSection(section.GetSP());
addr.SetOffset(offset);
}
void SBAddress::SetAddress(const Address &address) { ref() = address; }
lldb::addr_t SBAddress::GetFileAddress() const {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
return m_opaque_up->GetFileAddress();
else
return LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
}
lldb::addr_t SBAddress::GetLoadAddress(const SBTarget &target) const {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, target);
lldb::addr_t addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
TargetSP target_sp(target.GetSP());
if (target_sp) {
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid()) {
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(target_sp->GetAPIMutex());
addr = m_opaque_up->GetLoadAddress(target_sp.get());
}
}
return addr;
}
void SBAddress::SetLoadAddress(lldb::addr_t load_addr, lldb::SBTarget &target) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, load_addr, target);
// Create the address object if we don't already have one
ref();
if (target.IsValid())
*this = target.ResolveLoadAddress(load_addr);
else
m_opaque_up->Clear();
// Check if we weren't were able to resolve a section offset address. If we
// weren't it is ok, the load address might be a location on the stack or
// heap, so we should just have an address with no section and a valid offset
if (!m_opaque_up->IsValid())
m_opaque_up->SetOffset(load_addr);
}
bool SBAddress::OffsetAddress(addr_t offset) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, offset);
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid()) {
addr_t addr_offset = m_opaque_up->GetOffset();
if (addr_offset != LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
m_opaque_up->SetOffset(addr_offset + offset);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
lldb::SBSection SBAddress::GetSection() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
lldb::SBSection sb_section;
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
sb_section.SetSP(m_opaque_up->GetSection());
return sb_section;
}
lldb::addr_t SBAddress::GetOffset() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
return m_opaque_up->GetOffset();
return 0;
}
Address *SBAddress::operator->() { return m_opaque_up.get(); }
const Address *SBAddress::operator->() const { return m_opaque_up.get(); }
Address &SBAddress::ref() {
if (m_opaque_up == nullptr)
m_opaque_up = std::make_unique<Address>();
return *m_opaque_up;
}
const Address &SBAddress::ref() const {
// This object should already have checked with "IsValid()" prior to calling
// this function. In case you didn't we will assert and die to let you know.
assert(m_opaque_up.get());
return *m_opaque_up;
}
Address *SBAddress::get() { return m_opaque_up.get(); }
bool SBAddress::GetDescription(SBStream &description) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, description);
// Call "ref()" on the stream to make sure it creates a backing stream in
// case there isn't one already...
Stream &strm = description.ref();
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid()) {
m_opaque_up->Dump(&strm, nullptr, Address::DumpStyleResolvedDescription,
Address::DumpStyleModuleWithFileAddress, 4);
} else
strm.PutCString("No value");
return true;
}
SBModule SBAddress::GetModule() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
SBModule sb_module;
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
sb_module.SetSP(m_opaque_up->GetModule());
return sb_module;
}
SBSymbolContext SBAddress::GetSymbolContext(uint32_t resolve_scope) {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this, resolve_scope);
SBSymbolContext sb_sc;
SymbolContextItem scope = static_cast<SymbolContextItem>(resolve_scope);
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
m_opaque_up->CalculateSymbolContext(&sb_sc.ref(), scope);
return sb_sc;
}
SBCompileUnit SBAddress::GetCompileUnit() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
SBCompileUnit sb_comp_unit;
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
sb_comp_unit.reset(m_opaque_up->CalculateSymbolContextCompileUnit());
return sb_comp_unit;
}
SBFunction SBAddress::GetFunction() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
SBFunction sb_function;
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
sb_function.reset(m_opaque_up->CalculateSymbolContextFunction());
return sb_function;
}
SBBlock SBAddress::GetBlock() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
SBBlock sb_block;
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
sb_block.SetPtr(m_opaque_up->CalculateSymbolContextBlock());
return sb_block;
}
SBSymbol SBAddress::GetSymbol() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
SBSymbol sb_symbol;
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid())
sb_symbol.reset(m_opaque_up->CalculateSymbolContextSymbol());
return sb_symbol;
}
SBLineEntry SBAddress::GetLineEntry() {
LLDB_INSTRUMENT_VA(this);
SBLineEntry sb_line_entry;
if (m_opaque_up->IsValid()) {
LineEntry line_entry;
if (m_opaque_up->CalculateSymbolContextLineEntry(line_entry))
sb_line_entry.SetLineEntry(line_entry);
}
return sb_line_entry;
}
``` |
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