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Bait al-Sa'adi () is a sub-district located in al-Sha'ar District, Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Bait al-Sa'adi had a population of 4600 according to the 2004 census.
References
Sub-districts in Ash Sha'ar District |
```haskell
{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-}
{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GHCForeignImportPrim #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MagicHash #-}
{-# LANGUAGE UnliftedFFITypes #-}
{-# LANGUAGE UnboxedTuples #-}
your_sha256_hash-------------
-- |
-- Module : Data.Function
-- , Alexander Berntsen 2014
--
-- Maintainer : libraries@haskell.org
-- Stability : experimental
-- Portability : portable
--
-- Simple combinators working solely on and with functions.
--
your_sha256_hash-------------
module Data.Function
( -- * "Prelude" re-exports
id, const, (.), flip, ($)
-- * Other combinators
, (&)
, fix
, on
, trampoline
, trampoline#
) where
import GHC.Base ( ($), (.), id, const, flip, Any, unsafeCoerce# )
infixl 0 `on`
infixl 1 &
-- | @'fix' f@ is the least fixed point of the function @f@,
-- i.e. the least defined @x@ such that @f x = x@.
--
-- For example, we can write the factorial function using direct recursion as
--
-- >>> let fac n = if n <= 1 then 1 else n * fac (n-1) in fac 5
-- 120
--
-- This uses the fact that Haskells @let@ introduces recursive bindings. We can
-- rewrite this definition using 'fix',
--
-- >>> fix (\rec n -> if n <= 1 then 1 else n * rec (n-1)) 5
-- 120
--
-- Instead of making a recursive call, we introduce a dummy parameter @rec@;
-- when used within 'fix', this parameter then refers to 'fix'' argument, hence
-- the recursion is reintroduced.
fix :: (a -> a) -> a
fix f = let x = f x in x
-- | @((==) \`on\` f) x y = f x == f y@
--
-- Typical usage: @'Data.List.sortBy' ('compare' \`on\` 'fst')@.
--
-- Algebraic properties:
--
-- * @(*) \`on\` 'id' = (*)@ (if @(*) ∉ {⊥, 'const' ⊥}@)
--
-- * @((*) \`on\` f) \`on\` g = (*) \`on\` (f . g)@
--
-- * @'flip' on f . 'flip' on g = 'flip' on (g . f)@
-- Proofs (so that I don't have to edit the test-suite):
-- (*) `on` id
-- =
-- \x y -> id x * id y
-- =
-- \x y -> x * y
-- = { If (*) /= _|_ or const _|_. }
-- (*)
-- (*) `on` f `on` g
-- =
-- ((*) `on` f) `on` g
-- =
-- \x y -> ((*) `on` f) (g x) (g y)
-- =
-- \x y -> (\x y -> f x * f y) (g x) (g y)
-- =
-- \x y -> f (g x) * f (g y)
-- =
-- \x y -> (f . g) x * (f . g) y
-- =
-- (*) `on` (f . g)
-- =
-- (*) `on` f . g
-- flip on f . flip on g
-- =
-- (\h (*) -> (*) `on` h) f . (\h (*) -> (*) `on` h) g
-- =
-- (\(*) -> (*) `on` f) . (\(*) -> (*) `on` g)
-- =
-- \(*) -> (*) `on` g `on` f
-- = { See above. }
-- \(*) -> (*) `on` g . f
-- =
-- (\h (*) -> (*) `on` h) (g . f)
-- =
-- flip on (g . f)
on :: (b -> b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> a -> c
(.*.) `on` f = \x y -> f x .*. f y
-- | '&' is a reverse application operator. This provides notational
-- convenience. Its precedence is one higher than that of the forward
-- application operator '$', which allows '&' to be nested in '$'.
--
-- >>> 5 & (+1) & show
-- "6"
--
-- @since 4.8.0.0
(&) :: a -> (a -> b) -> b
x & f = f x
-- $setup
-- >>> import Prelude
-- | Turns on tail-call optimization when evaluating the argument.
trampoline :: a -> a
trampoline x =
case (trampoline# (unsafeCoerce# x)) of
(# y #) -> unsafeCoerce# y
foreign import prim "eta.runtime.stg.Stg.trampoline"
trampoline# :: Any -> (# Any #)
``` |
2017 Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) Playoffs was the final phase of the 2016–17 Basketbol Süper Ligi season. The playoffs started on 23 May 2017. Fenerbahçe were the defending champions.
The eight highest placed teams of the regular season qualified for the playoffs. In the quarter-finals a best-of-three was played, in the semi-finals a best-of-five and in the finals a best-of-seven playoff format was used.
Fenerbahçe competed against Beşiktaş Sompo Japan in the finals, won the series 4-0 and got their 8th championship.
Bracket
Quarterfinals
Fenerbahçe vs. Tofaş
Beşiktaş Sompo Japan vs. Gaziantep Basketbol
Anadolu Efes vs. Galatasaray Odeabank
Darüşşafaka Doğuş vs. Banvit
Semifinals
Fenerbahçe vs. Darüşşafaka Doğuş
Beşiktaş Sompo Japan vs. Anadolu Efes
Finals
Fenerbahçe vs. Beşiktaş Sompo Japan
References
BSL.org.tr
TBF.org.tr
Playoff
Turkish Basketball Super League Playoffs |
The Rough Dancer and the Cyclical Night (Tango Apasionado) is an album by the Argentinian musician Astor Piazzolla. It was released in 1988. The album was reissued by Nonesuch Records in the late 1990s.
Production
Recorded in New York City in 1987, the album was produced by Kip Hanrahan and Piazzolla. Its music was originally developed as a theater performance about the history of the tango. Piazzolla, who played the bandoneon, recorded the album with his Quinteto Tango Nuevo. Paquito D'Rivera played saxophone on Rough Dancer. Pablo Zinger played piano; he had acted as the musical director for the stage production. Horacio Malvicino played guitar.
Piazzolla wrote in the liner notes of his desire to have the music sound as if it were played by "'half-drunk musicians in a bordello.'"
Critical reception
Robert Christgau noted that Piazzolla's "closer to Bartok the composer than to Ellington the orchestrator, and tends to limit improvisatory space." The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that the music "retains—and embellishes—the not-quite-smoldering sensuality characteristic of traditional tango."
AllMusic wrote that "unlike Zero Hour ... Rough Dancer has more of whimsical feel, with the often perilous shifts in tempo and mood of the earlier record being handled in smoother fashion here." Reviewing a reissue package, the Austin American-Statesman'''s Don McLeese opined that "in a manner beyond form or category, this is some of the most sublimely mesmerizing music I've ever experienced." The Los Angeles Daily News deemed it "a quiet gem" and "romantic, melodic and lush." The Plain Dealer'' concluded that it "vividly documents the composer's deep roots in the traditional dance form and the edgy innovations of his nuevo tango."
Track listing
References
Astor Piazzolla albums
1988 albums |
"Å, Vestland, Vestland" ("Oh Vestland, Vestland") is a Norwegian song praising the region of Western Norway (Vestland).
The lyrics were written in Nynorsk by Tore Ørjasæter in 1910 and the music was composed by Sigurd Førsund.
The most well known performances of the song are by Sissel Kyrkjebø. She first sang it in a television program in 1985 and it has been her signature song since then.
The song's style is reminiscant of national anthems. The melody is slow, grandiose, and contains a marching beat.
The lyrics are rich with emotion and describe the affection and enthusiasm for Norwegian nature that the author has. They begin:
In Sissel's version, this beginning is a cappella.
References
External links
Performance by Sissel Kyrkjebø from 1985 via YouTube
Norwegian songs
Sissel Kyrkjebø songs
Norwegian anthems |
Erhard Schön ( 1491–1542) was a German woodcut designer and painter.
Schön was born in Nuremberg as the son of painter Max Schön III. He probably started to learn his trade as an artist in the workshop of his father. He was clearly influenced by the printmaking of Albrecht Dürer and may have contributed a few woodcuts to Dürer's Triumphal Arch (1515) and Theuerdank (1517). Especially Schön's way of modelling and placing figures is clearly derived from Dürer. After the death of Dürer, Schön also produced a woodcut portrait of the artist.
Such woodcut portraits was only one of the genres Schön worked in. He produced prints of various kind for the popular market and established himself as a popularly demanded artist. Around 1200 illustrations for 116 books in addition to 200 separate woodcuts have been attributed to Schön. His first known work is a series of woodcuts for a book, from 1513. Until 1524 he mainly illustrated religious books. Together with Hans Springinklee he provided illustrations of rather high quality for the popular prayer book Hortulus Animae in 1515. A Great Rosary form approximately the same time has been described as his finest religious work. From the 1520s he produced several polemical works criticising Catholicism and in favour of Lutheranism. From the mid-1520s and early 1530s these satirical works display an influence from Barthel Beham, Sebald Beham and Georg Pencz. At this time, he also expanded his repertoire from religious to secular subjects, still with a satirical tone. From the 1530s, he switched to Classical themes such as the Judgement of Paris and Laocoön. In 1538 Christoph Zell of Nuremberg published a treatise on proportion in art.
References
External links
Lambiek Comiclopedia biography.
German wood engravers
Woodcut designers
16th-century German painters
Artists from Nuremberg
1542 deaths
1490s births
Northern Renaissance |
Bromfield may refer to:
People
Bromfield (surname)
Places
Bromfield, Cumbria
Bromfield, Shropshire
Bromfield and Yale
Other uses
The Bromfield School in Harvard, Massachusetts |
```scala
// THIS FILE IS AUTO-GENERATED. DO NOT EDIT
package ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model
import scala.util.Try
import net.liftweb.json._
import ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model.JobStatusEnumJobStatus._
import ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model.JobTypeEnumJobType._
import ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model.ProtobufNullValue._
import ai.verta.swagger._public.modeldb.model.ValueTypeEnumValueType._
import ai.verta.swagger.client.objects._
case class ModeldbDeleteJobResponse (
status: Option[Boolean] = None
) extends BaseSwagger {
def toJson(): JValue = ModeldbDeleteJobResponse.toJson(this)
}
object ModeldbDeleteJobResponse {
def toJson(obj: ModeldbDeleteJobResponse): JObject = {
new JObject(
List[Option[JField]](
obj.status.map(x => JField("status", JBool(x)))
).flatMap(x => x match {
case Some(y) => List(y)
case None => Nil
})
)
}
def fromJson(value: JValue): ModeldbDeleteJobResponse =
value match {
case JObject(fields) => {
val fieldsMap = fields.map(f => (f.name, f.value)).toMap
ModeldbDeleteJobResponse(
// TODO: handle required
status = fieldsMap.get("status").map(JsonConverter.fromJsonBoolean)
)
}
case _ => throw new IllegalArgumentException(s"unknown type ${value.getClass.toString}")
}
}
``` |
```sqlpl
--
-- ARRAYS
--
CREATE TABLE arrtest (
a int2[],
b int4[][][],
c name[],
d text[][],
e float8[],
f char(5)[],
g varchar(5)[]
);
--
-- only the 'e' array is 0-based, the others are 1-based.
--
INSERT INTO arrtest (a[1:5], b[1:1][1:2][1:2], c, d, f, g)
VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5}', '{{{0,0},{1,2}}}', '{}', '{}', '{}', '{}');
UPDATE arrtest SET e[0] = '1.1';
UPDATE arrtest SET e[1] = '2.2';
INSERT INTO arrtest (f)
VALUES ('{"too long"}');
INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2][1:2], c, d, e, f, g)
VALUES ('{11,12,23}', '{{3,4},{4,5}}', '{"foobar"}',
'{{"elt1", "elt2"}}', '{"3.4", "6.7"}',
'{"abc","abcde"}', '{"abc","abcde"}');
INSERT INTO arrtest (a, b[1:2], c, d[1:2])
VALUES ('{}', '{3,4}', '{foo,bar}', '{bar,foo}');
INSERT INTO arrtest (b[2]) VALUES(now()); -- error, type mismatch
INSERT INTO arrtest (b[1:2]) VALUES(now()); -- error, type mismatch
SELECT * FROM arrtest;
SELECT arrtest.a[1],
arrtest.b[1][1][1],
arrtest.c[1],
arrtest.d[1][1],
arrtest.e[0]
FROM arrtest;
SELECT a[1], b[1][1][1], c[1], d[1][1], e[0]
FROM arrtest;
SELECT a[1:3],
b[1:1][1:2][1:2],
c[1:2],
d[1:1][1:2]
FROM arrtest;
SELECT array_ndims(a) AS a,array_ndims(b) AS b,array_ndims(c) AS c
FROM arrtest;
SELECT array_dims(a) AS a,array_dims(b) AS b,array_dims(c) AS c
FROM arrtest;
-- returns nothing
SELECT *
FROM arrtest
WHERE a[1] < 5 and
c = '{"foobar"}'::_name;
UPDATE arrtest
SET a[1:2] = '{16,25}'
WHERE NOT a = '{}'::_int2;
UPDATE arrtest
SET b[1:1][1:1][1:2] = '{113, 117}',
b[1:1][1:2][2:2] = '{142, 147}'
WHERE array_dims(b) = '[1:1][1:2][1:2]';
UPDATE arrtest
SET c[2:2] = '{"new_word"}'
WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
SELECT a,b,c FROM arrtest;
SELECT a[1:3],
b[1:1][1:2][1:2],
c[1:2],
d[1:1][2:2]
FROM arrtest;
SELECT b[1:1][2][2],
d[1:1][2]
FROM arrtest;
INSERT INTO arrtest(a) VALUES('{1,null,3}');
SELECT a FROM arrtest;
UPDATE arrtest SET a[4] = NULL WHERE a[2] IS NULL;
SELECT a FROM arrtest WHERE a[2] IS NULL;
DELETE FROM arrtest WHERE a[2] IS NULL AND b IS NULL;
SELECT a,b,c FROM arrtest;
-- test mixed slice/scalar subscripting
select '{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[];
select ('{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[])[1:2][2];
select '[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[];
select ('[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}'::int[])[1:2][2];
--
-- check subscription corner cases
--
-- More subscripts than MAXDIM (6)
SELECT ('{}'::int[])[1][2][3][4][5][6][7];
-- NULL index yields NULL when selecting
SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][NULL][1];
SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][NULL:1][1];
SELECT ('{{{1},{2},{3}},{{4},{5},{6}}}'::int[])[1][1:NULL][1];
-- NULL index in assignment is an error
UPDATE arrtest
SET c[NULL] = '{"can''t assign"}'
WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
UPDATE arrtest
SET c[NULL:1] = '{"can''t assign"}'
WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
UPDATE arrtest
SET c[1:NULL] = '{"can''t assign"}'
WHERE array_dims(c) is not null;
-- Un-subscriptable type
SELECT (now())[1];
-- test slices with empty lower and/or upper index
CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_s (
a int2[],
b int2[][]
);
INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5}', '{{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}}');
INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES ('[0:4]={1,2,3,4,5}', '[0:2][0:2]={{1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9}}');
SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
SELECT a[:3], b[:2][:2] FROM arrtest_s;
SELECT a[2:], b[2:][2:] FROM arrtest_s;
SELECT a[:], b[:] FROM arrtest_s;
-- updates
UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:3] = '{11, 12, 13}', b[:2][:2] = '{{11,12}, {14,15}}'
WHERE array_lower(a,1) = 1;
SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[3:] = '{23, 24, 25}', b[2:][2:] = '{{25,26}, {28,29}}';
SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{11, 12, 13, 14, 15}';
SELECT * FROM arrtest_s;
UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{23, 24, 25}'; -- fail, too small
INSERT INTO arrtest_s VALUES(NULL, NULL);
UPDATE arrtest_s SET a[:] = '{11, 12, 13, 14, 15}'; -- fail, no good with null
-- check with fixed-length-array type, such as point
SELECT f1[0:1] FROM POINT_TBL;
SELECT f1[0:] FROM POINT_TBL;
SELECT f1[:1] FROM POINT_TBL;
SELECT f1[:] FROM POINT_TBL;
-- subscript assignments to fixed-width result in NULL if previous value is NULL
UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = 10 WHERE f1 IS NULL RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO point_tbl(f1[0]) VALUES(0) RETURNING *;
-- NULL assignments get ignored
UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = NULL WHERE f1::text = '(10,10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
-- but non-NULL subscript assignments work
UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[0] = -10, f1[1] = -10 WHERE f1::text = '(10,10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
-- but not to expand the range
UPDATE point_tbl SET f1[3] = 10 WHERE f1::text = '(-10,-10)'::point::text RETURNING *;
--
-- test array extension
--
CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest1 (i int[], t text[]);
insert into arrtest1 values(array[1,2,null,4], array['one','two',null,'four']);
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[2] = 22, t[2] = 'twenty-two';
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[5] = 5, t[5] = 'five';
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[8] = 8, t[8] = 'eight';
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[0] = 0, t[0] = 'zero';
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[-3] = -3, t[-3] = 'minus-three';
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[0:2] = array[10,11,12], t[0:2] = array['ten','eleven','twelve'];
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[8:10] = array[18,null,20], t[8:10] = array['p18',null,'p20'];
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[11:12] = array[null,22], t[11:12] = array[null,'p22'];
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[15:16] = array[null,26], t[15:16] = array[null,'p26'];
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[-5:-3] = array[-15,-14,-13], t[-5:-3] = array['m15','m14','m13'];
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[-7:-6] = array[-17,null], t[-7:-6] = array['m17',null];
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[-12:-10] = array[-22,null,-20], t[-12:-10] = array['m22',null,'m20'];
select * from arrtest1;
delete from arrtest1;
insert into arrtest1 values(array[1,2,null,4], array['one','two',null,'four']);
select * from arrtest1;
update arrtest1 set i[0:5] = array[0,1,2,null,4,5], t[0:5] = array['z','p1','p2',null,'p4','p5'];
select * from arrtest1;
--
-- array expressions and operators
--
-- table creation and INSERTs
CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest2 (i integer ARRAY[4], f float8[], n numeric[], t text[], d timestamp[]);
INSERT INTO arrtest2 VALUES(
ARRAY[[[113,142],[1,147]]],
ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3]::float8[],
ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3],
ARRAY[[['aaa','aab'],['aba','abb'],['aca','acb']],[['baa','bab'],['bba','bbb'],['bca','bcb']]],
ARRAY['19620326','19931223','19970117']::timestamp[]
);
-- some more test data
CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_f (f0 int, f1 text, f2 float8);
insert into arrtest_f values(1,'cat1',1.21);
insert into arrtest_f values(2,'cat1',1.24);
insert into arrtest_f values(3,'cat1',1.18);
insert into arrtest_f values(4,'cat1',1.26);
insert into arrtest_f values(5,'cat1',1.15);
insert into arrtest_f values(6,'cat2',1.15);
insert into arrtest_f values(7,'cat2',1.26);
insert into arrtest_f values(8,'cat2',1.32);
insert into arrtest_f values(9,'cat2',1.30);
CREATE TEMP TABLE arrtest_i (f0 int, f1 text, f2 int);
insert into arrtest_i values(1,'cat1',21);
insert into arrtest_i values(2,'cat1',24);
insert into arrtest_i values(3,'cat1',18);
insert into arrtest_i values(4,'cat1',26);
insert into arrtest_i values(5,'cat1',15);
insert into arrtest_i values(6,'cat2',15);
insert into arrtest_i values(7,'cat2',26);
insert into arrtest_i values(8,'cat2',32);
insert into arrtest_i values(9,'cat2',30);
-- expressions
SELECT t.f[1][3][1] AS "131", t.f[2][2][1] AS "221" FROM (
SELECT ARRAY[[[111,112],[121,122],[131,132]],[[211,212],[221,122],[231,232]]] AS f
) AS t;
SELECT ARRAY[[[[[['hello'],['world']]]]]];
SELECT ARRAY[ARRAY['hello'],ARRAY['world']];
SELECT ARRAY(select f2 from arrtest_f order by f2) AS "ARRAY";
-- with nulls
SELECT '{1,null,3}'::int[];
SELECT ARRAY[1,NULL,3];
-- functions
SELECT array_append(array[42], 6) AS "{42,6}";
SELECT array_prepend(6, array[42]) AS "{6,42}";
SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[3,4]) AS "{1,2,3,4}";
SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[1,2], ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]]) AS "{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}";
SELECT array_cat(ARRAY[[3,4],[5,6]], ARRAY[1,2]) AS "{{3,4},{5,6},{1,2}}";
SELECT array_position(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5], 4);
SELECT array_position(ARRAY[5,3,4,2,1], 4);
SELECT array_position(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]], 3);
SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], 'mon');
SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], 'sat');
SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu','fri','sat'], NULL);
SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu',NULL,'fri','sat'], NULL);
SELECT array_position(ARRAY['sun','mon','tue','wed','thu',NULL,'fri','sat'], 'sat');
SELECT array_positions(NULL, 10);
SELECT array_positions(NULL, NULL::int);
SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6], 4);
SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]], 4);
SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,4,5,6,1,2,3,4,5,6], NULL);
SELECT array_positions(ARRAY[1,2,3,NULL,5,6,1,2,3,NULL,5,6], NULL);
SELECT array_length(array_positions(ARRAY(SELECT 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'::text || i % 10
FROM generate_series(1,100) g(i)),
'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA5'), 1);
DO $$
DECLARE
o int;
a int[] := ARRAY[1,2,3,2,3,1,2];
BEGIN
o := array_position(a, 2);
WHILE o IS NOT NULL
LOOP
RAISE NOTICE '%', o;
o := array_position(a, 2, o + 1);
END LOOP;
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
SELECT array_position('[2:4]={1,2,3}'::int[], 1);
SELECT array_positions('[2:4]={1,2,3}'::int[], 1);
SELECT
array_position(ids, (1, 1)),
array_positions(ids, (1, 1))
FROM
(VALUES
(ARRAY[(0, 0), (1, 1)]),
(ARRAY[(1, 1)])
) AS f (ids);
-- operators
SELECT a FROM arrtest WHERE b = ARRAY[[[113,142],[1,147]]];
SELECT NOT ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3] = ARRAY[1.1,1.2,1.3] AS "FALSE";
SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{1,2,3}";
SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] AS "{0,1,2}";
SELECT ARRAY[1,2] || ARRAY[3,4] AS "{1,2,3,4}";
SELECT ARRAY[[['hello','world']]] || ARRAY[[['happy','birthday']]] AS "ARRAY";
SELECT ARRAY[[1,2],[3,4]] || ARRAY[5,6] AS "{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}";
SELECT ARRAY[0,0] || ARRAY[1,1] || ARRAY[2,2] AS "{0,0,1,1,2,2}";
SELECT 0 || ARRAY[1,2] || 3 AS "{0,1,2,3}";
SELECT ARRAY[1.1] || ARRAY[2,3,4];
SELECT array_agg(x) || array_agg(x) FROM (VALUES (ROW(1,2)), (ROW(3,4))) v(x);
SELECT ROW(1,2) || array_agg(x) FROM (VALUES (ROW(3,4)), (ROW(5,6))) v(x);
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{32}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{17}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{32,17}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{38,34,32,89}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i = '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i @> '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i && '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE i <@ '{NULL}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAA646}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t <@ '{AAAAAAAA72908,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA17075,AA88409,AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA36842,AAAAAAA48038,AAAAAAAAAAAAAA10611}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t = '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t @> '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t && '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
SELECT * FROM array_op_test WHERE t <@ '{}' ORDER BY seqno;
-- array casts
SELECT ARRAY[1,2,3]::text[]::int[]::float8[] AS "{1,2,3}";
SELECT pg_typeof(ARRAY[1,2,3]::text[]::int[]::float8[]) AS "double precision[]";
SELECT ARRAY[['a','bc'],['def','hijk']]::text[]::varchar[] AS "{{a,bc},{def,hijk}}";
SELECT pg_typeof(ARRAY[['a','bc'],['def','hijk']]::text[]::varchar[]) AS "character varying[]";
SELECT CAST(ARRAY[[[[[['a','bb','ccc']]]]]] as text[]) as "{{{{{{a,bb,ccc}}}}}}";
SELECT NULL::text[]::int[] AS "NULL";
-- scalar op any/all (array)
select 33 = any ('{1,2,3}');
select 33 = any ('{1,2,33}');
select 33 = all ('{1,2,33}');
select 33 >= all ('{1,2,33}');
-- boundary cases
select null::int >= all ('{1,2,33}');
select null::int >= all ('{}');
select null::int >= any ('{}');
-- cross-datatype
select 33.4 = any (array[1,2,3]);
select 33.4 > all (array[1,2,3]);
-- errors
select 33 * any ('{1,2,3}');
select 33 * any (44);
-- nulls
select 33 = any (null::int[]);
select null::int = any ('{1,2,3}');
select 33 = any ('{1,null,3}');
select 33 = any ('{1,null,33}');
select 33 = all (null::int[]);
select null::int = all ('{1,2,3}');
select 33 = all ('{1,null,3}');
select 33 = all ('{33,null,33}');
-- nulls later in the bitmap
SELECT -1 != ALL(ARRAY(SELECT NULLIF(g.i, 900) FROM generate_series(1,1000) g(i)));
-- test indexes on arrays
create temp table arr_tbl (f1 int[] unique);
insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,3}');
insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2}');
-- failure expected:
insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,3}');
insert into arr_tbl values ('{2,3,4}');
insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,5,3}');
insert into arr_tbl values ('{1,2,10}');
set enable_seqscan to off;
set enable_bitmapscan to off;
select * from arr_tbl where f1 > '{1,2,3}' and f1 <= '{1,5,3}';
select * from arr_tbl where f1 >= '{1,2,3}' and f1 < '{1,5,3}';
-- test ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE with arrays
create temp table arr_pk_tbl (pk int4 primary key, f1 int[]);
insert into arr_pk_tbl values (1, '{1,2,3}');
insert into arr_pk_tbl values (1, '{3,4,5}') on conflict (pk)
do update set f1[1] = excluded.f1[1], f1[3] = excluded.f1[3]
returning pk, f1;
insert into arr_pk_tbl(pk, f1[1:2]) values (1, '{6,7,8}') on conflict (pk)
do update set f1[1] = excluded.f1[1],
f1[2] = excluded.f1[2],
f1[3] = excluded.f1[3]
returning pk, f1;
-- note: if above selects don't produce the expected tuple order,
-- then you didn't get an indexscan plan, and something is busted.
reset enable_seqscan;
reset enable_bitmapscan;
-- test [not] (like|ilike) (any|all) (...)
select 'foo' like any (array['%a', '%o']); -- t
select 'foo' like any (array['%a', '%b']); -- f
select 'foo' like all (array['f%', '%o']); -- t
select 'foo' like all (array['f%', '%b']); -- f
select 'foo' not like any (array['%a', '%b']); -- t
select 'foo' not like all (array['%a', '%o']); -- f
select 'foo' ilike any (array['%A', '%O']); -- t
select 'foo' ilike all (array['F%', '%O']); -- t
--
-- General array parser tests
--
-- none of the following should be accepted
select '{{1,{2}},{2,3}}'::text[];
select '{{},{}}'::text[];
select E'{{1,2},\\{2,3}}'::text[];
select '{{"1 2" x},{3}}'::text[];
select '{}}'::text[];
select '{ }}'::text[];
select array[];
-- none of the above should be accepted
-- all of the following should be accepted
select '{}'::text[];
select '{{{1,2,3,4},{2,3,4,5}},{{3,4,5,6},{4,5,6,7}}}'::text[];
select '{0 second ,0 second}'::interval[];
select '{ { "," } , { 3 } }'::text[];
select ' { { " 0 second " , 0 second } }'::text[];
select '{
0 second,
@ 1 hour @ 42 minutes @ 20 seconds
}'::interval[];
select array[]::text[];
select '[0:1]={1.1,2.2}'::float8[];
-- all of the above should be accepted
-- tests for array aggregates
CREATE TEMP TABLE arraggtest ( f1 INT[], f2 TEXT[][], f3 FLOAT[]);
INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
('{1,2,3,4}','{{grey,red},{blue,blue}}','{1.6, 0.0}');
INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
('{1,2,3}','{{grey,red},{grey,blue}}','{1.6}');
SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
('{3,3,2,4,5,6}','{{white,yellow},{pink,orange}}','{2.1,3.3,1.8,1.7,1.6}');
SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
('{2}','{{black,red},{green,orange}}','{1.6,2.2,2.6,0.4}');
SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
('{4,2,6,7,8,1}','{{red},{black},{purple},{blue},{blue}}',NULL);
SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
INSERT INTO arraggtest (f1, f2, f3) VALUES
('{}','{{pink,white,blue,red,grey,orange}}','{2.1,1.87,1.4,2.2}');
SELECT max(f1), min(f1), max(f2), min(f2), max(f3), min(f3) FROM arraggtest;
-- A few simple tests for arrays of composite types
create type comptype as (f1 int, f2 text);
create table comptable (c1 comptype, c2 comptype[]);
-- XXX would like to not have to specify row() construct types here ...
insert into comptable
values (row(1,'foo'), array[row(2,'bar')::comptype, row(3,'baz')::comptype]);
-- check that implicitly named array type _comptype isn't a problem
create type _comptype as enum('fooey');
select * from comptable;
select c2[2].f2 from comptable;
drop type _comptype;
drop table comptable;
drop type comptype;
create or replace function unnest1(anyarray)
returns setof anyelement as $$
select $1[s] from generate_subscripts($1,1) g(s);
$$ language sql immutable;
create or replace function unnest2(anyarray)
returns setof anyelement as $$
select $1[s1][s2] from generate_subscripts($1,1) g1(s1),
generate_subscripts($1,2) g2(s2);
$$ language sql immutable;
select * from unnest1(array[1,2,3]);
select * from unnest2(array[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]);
drop function unnest1(anyarray);
drop function unnest2(anyarray);
select array_fill(null::integer, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
select array_fill(null::integer, array[3,3]);
select array_fill(null::text, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
select array_fill(null::text, array[3,3]);
select array_fill(7, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
select array_fill(7, array[3,3]);
select array_fill('juhu'::text, array[3,3],array[2,2]);
select array_fill('juhu'::text, array[3,3]);
select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
from (select array_fill(42, array[0]) as a) ss;
select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
from (select array_fill(42, '{}') as a) ss;
select a, a = '{}' as is_eq, array_dims(a)
from (select array_fill(42, '{}', '{}') as a) ss;
-- raise exception
select array_fill(1, null, array[2,2]);
select array_fill(1, array[2,2], null);
select array_fill(1, array[2,2], '{}');
select array_fill(1, array[3,3], array[1,1,1]);
select array_fill(1, array[1,2,null]);
select array_fill(1, array[[1,2],[3,4]]);
select string_to_array('1|2|3', '|');
select string_to_array('1|2|3|', '|');
select string_to_array('1||2|3||', '||');
select string_to_array('1|2|3', '');
select string_to_array('', '|');
select string_to_array('1|2|3', NULL);
select string_to_array(NULL, '|') IS NULL;
select string_to_array('abc', '');
select string_to_array('abc', '', 'abc');
select string_to_array('abc', ',');
select string_to_array('abc', ',', 'abc');
select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,,6', ',');
select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,,6', ',', '');
select string_to_array('1,2,3,4,*,6', ',', '*');
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', '|') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3|', '|') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1||2|3||', '||') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', '') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('', '|') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1|2|3', NULL) g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table(NULL, '|') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', '') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', '', 'abc') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', ',') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('abc', ',', 'abc') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,,6', ',') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,,6', ',', '') g(v);
select v, v is null as "is null" from string_to_table('1,2,3,4,*,6', ',', '*') g(v);
select array_to_string(NULL::int4[], ',') IS NULL;
select array_to_string('{}'::int4[], ',');
select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',');
select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',', '*');
select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], NULL);
select array_to_string(array[1,2,3,4,NULL,6], ',', NULL);
select array_to_string(string_to_array('1|2|3', '|'), '|');
select array_length(array[1,2,3], 1);
select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 0);
select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 1);
select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 2);
select array_length(array[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], 3);
select cardinality(NULL::int[]);
select cardinality('{}'::int[]);
select cardinality(array[1,2,3]);
select cardinality('[2:4]={5,6,7}'::int[]);
select cardinality('{{1,2}}'::int[]);
select cardinality('{{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}}'::int[]);
select cardinality('{{{1,9},{5,6}},{{2,3},{3,4}}}'::int[]);
-- array_agg(anynonarray)
select array_agg(unique1) from (select unique1 from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
select array_agg(ten) from (select ten from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
select array_agg(nullif(ten, 4)) from (select ten from tenk1 where unique1 < 15 order by unique1) ss;
select array_agg(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < -15;
-- array_agg(anyarray)
select array_agg(ar)
from (values ('{1,2}'::int[]), ('{3,4}'::int[])) v(ar);
select array_agg(distinct ar order by ar desc)
from (select array[i / 2] from generate_series(1,10) a(i)) b(ar);
select array_agg(ar)
from (select array_agg(array[i, i+1, i-1])
from generate_series(1,2) a(i)) b(ar);
select array_agg(array[i+1.2, i+1.3, i+1.4]) from generate_series(1,3) g(i);
select array_agg(array['Hello', i::text]) from generate_series(9,11) g(i);
select array_agg(array[i, nullif(i, 3), i+1]) from generate_series(1,4) g(i);
-- errors
select array_agg('{}'::int[]) from generate_series(1,2);
select array_agg(null::int[]) from generate_series(1,2);
select array_agg(ar)
from (values ('{1,2}'::int[]), ('{3}'::int[])) v(ar);
select unnest(array[1,2,3]);
select * from unnest(array[1,2,3]);
select unnest(array[1,2,3,4.5]::float8[]);
select unnest(array[1,2,3,4.5]::numeric[]);
select unnest(array[1,2,3,null,4,null,null,5,6]);
select unnest(array[1,2,3,null,4,null,null,5,6]::text[]);
select abs(unnest(array[1,2,null,-3]));
select array_remove(array[1,2,2,3], 2);
select array_remove(array[1,2,2,3], 5);
select array_remove(array[1,NULL,NULL,3], NULL);
select array_remove(array['A','CC','D','C','RR'], 'RR');
select array_remove(array[1.0, 2.1, 3.3], 1);
select array_remove('{{1,2,2},{1,4,3}}', 2); -- not allowed
select array_remove(array['X','X','X'], 'X') = '{}';
select array_replace(array[1,2,5,4],5,3);
select array_replace(array[1,2,5,4],5,NULL);
select array_replace(array[1,2,NULL,4,NULL],NULL,5);
select array_replace(array['A','B','DD','B'],'B','CC');
select array_replace(array[1,NULL,3],NULL,NULL);
select array_replace(array['AB',NULL,'CDE'],NULL,'12');
-- array(select array-value ...)
select array(select array[i,i/2] from generate_series(1,5) i);
select array(select array['Hello', i::text] from generate_series(9,11) i);
-- Insert/update on a column that is array of composite
create temp table t1 (f1 int8_tbl[]);
insert into t1 (f1[5].q1) values(42);
select * from t1;
update t1 set f1[5].q2 = 43;
select * from t1;
-- Check that arrays of composites are safely detoasted when needed
create temp table src (f1 text);
insert into src
select string_agg(random()::text,'') from generate_series(1,10000);
create type textandtext as (c1 text, c2 text);
create temp table dest (f1 textandtext[]);
insert into dest select array[row(f1,f1)::textandtext] from src;
select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
delete from src;
select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
truncate table src;
drop table src;
select length(md5((f1[1]).c2)) from dest;
drop table dest;
drop type textandtext;
-- Tests for polymorphic-array form of width_bucket()
-- this exercises the varwidth and float8 code paths
SELECT
op,
width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10.0]::numeric[]) AS wb_n1,
width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[0, 5.5, 9.99]::numeric[]) AS wb_n2,
width_bucket(op::numeric, ARRAY[-6, -5, 2.0]::numeric[]) AS wb_n3,
width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10.0]::float8[]) AS wb_f1,
width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[0, 5.5, 9.99]::float8[]) AS wb_f2,
width_bucket(op::float8, ARRAY[-6, -5, 2.0]::float8[]) AS wb_f3
FROM (VALUES
(-5.2),
(-0.0000000001),
(0.000000000001),
(1),
(1.99999999999999),
(2),
(2.00000000000001),
(3),
(4),
(4.5),
(5),
(5.5),
(6),
(7),
(8),
(9),
(9.99999999999999),
(10),
(10.0000000000001)
) v(op);
-- ensure float8 path handles NaN properly
SELECT
op,
width_bucket(op, ARRAY[1, 3, 9, 'NaN', 'NaN']::float8[]) AS wb
FROM (VALUES
(-5.2::float8),
(4::float8),
(77::float8),
('NaN'::float8)
) v(op);
-- these exercise the generic fixed-width code path
SELECT
op,
width_bucket(op, ARRAY[1, 3, 5, 10]) AS wb_1
FROM generate_series(0,11) as op;
SELECT width_bucket(now(),
array['yesterday', 'today', 'tomorrow']::timestamptz[]);
-- corner cases
SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[3]);
SELECT width_bucket(5, '{}');
-- error cases
SELECT width_bucket('5'::text, ARRAY[3, 4]::integer[]);
SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[3, 4, NULL]);
SELECT width_bucket(5, ARRAY[ARRAY[1, 2], ARRAY[3, 4]]);
-- trim_array
SELECT arr, trim_array(arr, 2)
FROM
(VALUES ('{1,2,3,4,5,6}'::bigint[]),
('{1,2}'),
('[10:16]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}'),
('[-15:-10]={1,2,3,4,5,6}'),
('{{1,10},{2,20},{3,30},{4,40}}')) v(arr);
SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[1, 2, 3], -1); -- fail
SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[1, 2, 3], 10); -- fail
SELECT trim_array(ARRAY[]::int[], 1); -- fail
``` |
Hammond's postulate (or alternatively the Hammond–Leffler postulate), is a hypothesis in physical organic chemistry which describes the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. First proposed by George Hammond in 1955, the postulate states that:
If two states, as, for example, a transition state and an unstable intermediate, occur consecutively during a reaction process and have nearly the same energy content, their interconversion will involve only a small reorganization of the molecular structures.
Therefore, the geometric structure of a state can be predicted by comparing its energy to the species neighboring it along the reaction coordinate. For example, in an exothermic reaction the transition state is closer in energy to the reactants than to the products. Therefore, the transition state will be more geometrically similar to the reactants than to the products. In contrast, however, in an endothermic reaction the transition state is closer in energy to the products than to the reactants. So, according to Hammond’s postulate the structure of the transition state would resemble the products more than the reactants. This type of comparison is especially useful because most transition states cannot be characterized experimentally.
Hammond's postulate also helps to explain and rationalize the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle. Namely, this principle describes the experimental observation that the rate of a reaction, and therefore its activation energy, is affected by the enthalpy of that reaction. Hammond's postulate explains this observation by describing how varying the enthalpy of a reaction would also change the structure of the transition state. In turn, this change in geometric structure would alter the energy of the transition state, and therefore the activation energy and reaction rate as well.
The postulate has also been used to predict the shape of reaction coordinate diagrams. For example, electrophilic aromatic substitution involves a distinct intermediate and two less well defined states. By measuring the effects of aromatic substituents and applying Hammond's postulate it was concluded that the rate-determining step involves formation of a transition state that should resemble the intermediate complex.
History
During the 1940s and 1950s, chemists had trouble explaining why even slight changes in the reactants caused significant differences in the rate and product distributions of a reaction. In 1955 George Hammond, a young professor at Iowa State University, postulated that transition-state theory could be used to qualitatively explain the observed structure-reactivity relationships. Notably, John E. Leffler of Florida State University proposed a similar idea in 1953. However, Hammond's version has received more attention since its qualitative nature was easier to understand and employ than Leffler's complex mathematical equations. Hammond's postulate is sometimes called the Hammond–Leffler postulate to give credit to both scientists.
Interpreting the postulate
Effectively, the postulate states that the structure of a transition state resembles that of the species nearest to it in free energy. This can be explained with reference to potential energy diagrams:
In case (a), which is an exothermic reaction, the energy of the transition state is closer in energy to that of the reactant than that of the intermediate or the product. Therefore, from the postulate, the structure of the transition state also more closely resembles that of the reactant. In case (b), the energy of the transition state is close to neither the reactant nor the product, making none of them a good structural model for the transition state. Further information would be needed in order to predict the structure or characteristics of the transition state. Case (c) depicts the potential diagram for an endothermic reaction, in which, according to the postulate, the transition state should more closely resemble that of the intermediate or the product.
Another significance of Hammond’s postulate is that it permits us to discuss the structure of the transition state in terms of the reactants, intermediates, or products. In the case where the transition state closely resembles the reactants, the transition state is called “early” while a “late” transition state is the one that closely resembles the intermediate or the product.
An example of the “early” transition state is chlorination. Chlorination favors the products because it is an exothermic reaction, which means that the products are lower in energy than the reactants. When looking at the adjacent diagram (representation of an "early" transition state), one must focus on the transition state, which is not able to be observed during an experiment. To understand what is meant by an “early” transition state, the Hammond postulate represents a curve that shows the kinetics of this reaction. Since the reactants are higher in energy, the transition state appears to be right after the reaction starts.
An example of the “late” transition state is bromination. Bromination favors the reactants because it is an endothermic reaction, which means that the reactants are lower in energy than the products. Since the transition state is hard to observe, the postulate of bromination helps to picture the “late” transition state (see the representation of the "late" transition state). Since the products are higher in energy, the transition state appears to be right before the reaction is complete.
One other useful interpretation of the postulate often found in textbooks of organic chemistry is the following:
Assume that the transition states for reactions involving unstable intermediates can be closely approximated by the intermediates themselves.
This interpretation ignores extremely exothermic and endothermic reactions which are relatively unusual and relates the transition state to the intermediates which are usually the most unstable.
Structure of transition states
SN1 reactions
Hammond's postulate can be used to examine the structure of the transition states of a SN1 reaction. In particular, the dissociation of the leaving group is the first transition state in a SN1 reaction. The stabilities of the carbocations formed by this dissociation are known to follow the trend tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl.
Therefore, since the tertiary carbocation is relatively stable and therefore close in energy to the R-X reactant, then the tertiary transition state will have a structure that is fairly similar to the R-X reactant. In terms of the graph of reaction coordinate versus energy, this is shown by the fact that the tertiary transition state is further to the left than the other transition states. In contrast, the energy of a methyl carbocation is very high, and therefore the structure of the transition state is more similar to the intermediate carbocation than to the R-X reactant. Accordingly, the methyl transition state is very far to the right.
SN2 reactions
Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions are concerted reactions where both the nucleophile and substrate are involved in the rate limiting step. Since this reaction is concerted, the reaction occurs in one step, where the bonds are broken, while new bonds are formed. Therefore, to interpret this reaction, it is important to look at the transition state, which resembles the concerted rate limiting step. In the "Depiction of SN2 Reaction" figure, the nucleophile forms a new bond to the carbon, while the halide (L) bond is broken.
E1 reactions
An E1 reaction consists of a unimolecular elimination, where the rate determining step of the mechanism depends on the removal of a single molecular species. This is a two-step mechanism. The more stable the carbocation intermediate is, the faster the reaction will proceed, favoring the products. Stabilization of the carbocation intermediate lowers the activation energy. The reactivity order is (CH3)3C- > (CH3)2CH- > CH3CH2- > CH3-.
Furthermore, studies describe a typical kinetic resolution process that starts out with two enantiomers that are energetically equivalent and, in the end, forms two energy-inequivalent intermediates, referred to as diastereomers. According to Hammond's postulate, the more stable diastereomer is formed faster.
E2 reactions
Elimination, bimolecular reactions are one step, concerted reaction where both base and substrate participate in the rate limiting step. In an E2 mechanism, a base takes a proton near the leaving group, forcing the electrons down to make a double bond, and forcing off the leaving group-all in one concerted step. The rate law depends on the first order concentration of two reactants, making it a 2nd order (bimolecular) elimination reaction. Factors that affect the rate determining step are stereochemistry, leaving groups, and base strength.
A theory, for an E2 reaction, by Joseph Bunnett suggests the lowest pass through the energy barrier between reactants and products is gained by an adjustment between the degrees of Cβ-H and Cα-X rupture at the transition state. The adjustment involves much breaking of the bond more easily broken, and a small amount of breaking of the bond which requires more energy. This conclusion by Bunnett is a contradiction from the Hammond postulate. The Hammond postulate is the opposite of what Bunnett theorized. In the transition state of a bond breaking step it involves little breaking when the bond is easily broken and much breaking when it is difficult to break. Despite these differences, the two postulates are not in conflict since they are concerned with different sorts of processes. Hammond focuses on reaction steps where one bond is made or broken, or the breaking of two or more bonds is done with no time taken occur simultaneously. The E2 theory transition state concerns a process when bond formation or breaking are not simultaneous.
Kinetics and the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle
Technically, Hammond's postulate only describes the geometric structure of a chemical reaction. However, Hammond's postulate indirectly gives information about the rate, kinetics, and activation energy of reactions. Hence, it gives a theoretical basis for the understanding the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle, which describes the experimental observation that the enthalpy and rate of a similar reactions were usually correlated.
The relationship between Hammond's postulate and the BEP principle can be understood by considering a SN1 reaction. Although two transition states occur during a SN1 reaction (dissociation of the leaving group and then attack by the nucleophile), the dissociation of the leaving group is almost always the rate-determining step. Hence, the activation energy and therefore rate of the reaction will depend only upon the dissociation step.
First, consider the reaction at secondary and tertiary carbons. As the BEP principle notes, experimentally SN1 reactions at tertiary carbons are faster than at secondary carbons. Therefore, by definition, the transition state for tertiary reactions will be at a lower energy than for secondary reactions. However, the BEP principle cannot justify why the energy is lower.
Using Hammond's postulate, the lower energy of the tertiary transition state means that its structure is relatively closer to its reactants R(tertiary)-X than to the carbocation product when compared to the secondary case. Thus, the tertiary transition state will be more geometrically similar to the R(tertiary)-X reactants than the secondary transition state is to its R(secondary)-X reactants. Hence, if the tertiary transition state is close in structure to the (low energy) reactants, then it will also be lower in energy because structure determines energy. Likewise, if the secondary transition state is more similar to the (high energy) carbocation product, then it will be higher in energy.
Applying the postulate
Hammond's postulate is useful for understanding the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the stability of the products.
While the rate of a reaction depends just on the activation energy (often represented in organic chemistry as ΔG‡ “delta G double dagger”), the final ratios of products in chemical equilibrium depends only on the standard free-energy change ΔG (“delta G”). The ratio of the final products at equilibrium corresponds directly with the stability of those products.
Hammond's postulate connects the rate of a reaction process with the structural features of those states that form part of it, by saying that the molecular reorganizations have to be small in those steps that involve two states that are very close in energy. This gave birth to the structural comparison between the starting materials, products, and the possible "stable intermediates" that led to the understanding that the most stable product is not always the one that is favored in a reaction process.
Explaining seemingly contradictory results
Hammond's postulate is especially important when looking at the rate-limiting step of a reaction. However, one must be cautious when examining a multistep reaction or one with the possibility of rearrangements during an intermediate stage. In some cases, the final products appear in skewed ratios in favor of a more unstable product (called the kinetic product) rather than the more stable product (the thermodynamic product). In this case one must examine the rate-limiting step and the intermediates. Often, the rate-limiting step is the initial formation of an unstable species such as a carbocation. Then, once the carbocation is formed, subsequent rearrangements can occur. In these kinds of reactions, especially when run at lower temperatures, the reactants simply react before the rearrangements necessary to form a more stable intermediate have time to occur. At higher temperatures when microscopic reversal is easier, the more stable thermodynamic product is favored because these intermediates have time to rearrange. Whether run at high or low temperatures, the mixture of the kinetic and thermodynamic products eventually reach the same ratio, one in favor of the more stable thermodynamic product, when given time to equilibrate due to microreversal.
See also
Bema Hapothle
Curtin–Hammett principle
Microscopic reversibility
Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle
References
Further reading
Chemical kinetics
Physical organic chemistry |
The Dow Event Center (formerly known as Saginaw County Event Center and Saginaw Civic Center) is an indoor arena located in Saginaw, Michigan. The center consists of several parts: The Atrium, The Garden Room, The Theater, The Red Room, Huntington Event Park, and The Arena. It currently houses the Ontario Hockey League's Saginaw Spirit. The facility has housed a number of hockey teams in the past, such as the Saginaw Lumber Kings and both the IHL and UHL incarnations of the Saginaw Gears.
The Arena At The Dow Event Center has a capacity of 7,600 people for concerts (without the ice), and 5,500 for hockey games. The Theater at the Dow Event Center has a capacity of 2,276 people.
Originally built in 1972 as part of an urban development program, the center is the only structure left. Most of the other buildings were razed in the 1980s due to many problems, including health risks, foreclosure and bankruptcy.
For a time in the 1990s, the facility nearly faced foreclosure and bankruptcy due to lack of funds provided by the city. The facility underwent a series of renovations in early 2000s, mainly in hopes for a better facility to host their newly acquired hockey team. The naming rights of the facility were transferred in September 2004 to The Dow Chemical Company, headquartered in nearby Midland. The center was used two times during the summer of 2004 as a center for Republican political rallies in support for the re-election of U.S. President George W. Bush.
Voters transferred the ownership from the City of Saginaw to Saginaw County on May 8, 2001. The city then closed the facility on June 30, 2001, and the county reopened it on July 1. The county then appointed SMG Worldwide to manage the facility, and started updating and renovating the building. The total cost of the renovations was tagged at $17 million, and they were completed in 2003.
The center hosts many events, concerts, political rallies, and graduations. Trade shows also take place there; the complex has of space at Wendler Arena.
It hosted the third WWF In Your House pay-per-view on September 24, 1995.
Jehovah's Witnesses District Conventions are held annually at the Dow Event Center. Starting in mid-June, and ending in early July, three-day conventions held on every weekend in that time will occur. The Jehovah's Witnesses first started using the building in 2005, after rumors of demolition for the Pontiac Silverdome raised concern over where meetings would be held, as the Silverdome was the previous venue.
References
External links
The Dow Event Center site
Dow announcement to purchase naming rights
Dow Event Center press release on naming rights
Dow Event Center History
SMG Worldwide Management Group
1972 establishments in Michigan
Buildings and structures in Saginaw County, Michigan
Convention centers in Michigan
Event Center
Indoor ice hockey venues in Michigan
Ontario Hockey League arenas
Sports venues completed in 1972
Sports venues in Michigan
Tourist attractions in Saginaw County, Michigan
Concert halls in Michigan
Indoor arenas in Michigan |
```kotlin
package kotlinx.coroutines.internal
import kotlinx.coroutines.testing.*
import kotlinx.atomicfu.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.debug.internal.*
import org.junit.Test
import kotlin.concurrent.*
import kotlin.test.*
/**
* Concurrent test for [ConcurrentWeakMap] that tests put/get/remove from concurrent threads and is
* arranged so that concurrent rehashing is also happening.
*/
class ConcurrentWeakMapOperationStressTest : TestBase() {
private val nThreads = 10
private val batchSize = 1000
private val nSeconds = 3 * stressTestMultiplier
private val count = atomic(0L)
private val stop = atomic(false)
private data class Key(val i: Long)
@Test
fun testOperations() {
// We don't create queue here, because concurrent operations are enough to make it clean itself
val m = ConcurrentWeakMap<Key, Long>()
val threads = Array(nThreads) { index ->
thread(start = false, name = "ConcurrentWeakMapOperationStressTest-$index") {
var generationOffset = 0L
while (!stop.value) {
val kvs = (generationOffset + batchSize * index until generationOffset + batchSize * (index + 1))
.associateBy({ Key(it) }, { it * it })
generationOffset += batchSize * nThreads
for ((k, v) in kvs) {
assertEquals(null, m.put(k, v))
}
for ((k, v) in kvs) {
assertEquals(v, m[k])
}
for ((k, v) in kvs) {
assertEquals(v, m.remove(k))
}
for ((k, _) in kvs) {
assertEquals(null, m[k])
}
count.incrementAndGet()
}
}
}
val uncaughtExceptionHandler = Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler { t, ex ->
ex.printStackTrace()
error("Error in thread $t", ex)
}
threads.forEach { it.uncaughtExceptionHandler = uncaughtExceptionHandler }
threads.forEach { it.start() }
var lastCount = -1L
for (sec in 1..nSeconds) {
Thread.sleep(1000)
val count = count.value
println("$sec: done $count batches")
assertTrue(count > lastCount) // ensure progress
lastCount = count
}
stop.value = true
threads.forEach { it.join() }
assertEquals(0, m.size, "Unexpected map state: $m")
}
}
``` |
Gekkō (月光 "moonlight") is a DVD released by Japanese singer Gackt on August 6, 2003.
DVD Content
Kimi Ga Oikaketa Yume ()
Kimi Ga Oikaketa Yume () [Making of]
Tsuki no Uta ()
Tsuki no Uta () [Making of]
Special Track
- Gackt in Hawaii
- Birthday prank on Ren
References
2003 video albums
Gackt video albums
Music video compilation albums
2003 compilation albums |
Lieutenant Sidney Arthur William Knights (1898 – 1 April 1968) was an English World War I flying ace credited with eight aerial victories.
Military service
Knights was commissioned from cadet into the York and Lancaster Regiment as a temporary second lieutenant (on probation) on 7 July 1916. He served in France with the 13th Battalion, winning the Military Cross, which was gazetted on 13 December. His citation read:
Temporary Second Lieutenant Sidney Arthur William Knights, York and Lancaster Regiment.
"For conspicuous gallantry in action. During a raid on the enemy's trenches he showed marked courage and determination in leading his men. He set a splendid example throughout."
He was promoted to lieutenant on 7 January 1918, and soon moved to the Royal Flying Corps, being appointed a flying officer (observer) and transferred to the RFC General List on 16 March 1918, with seniority backdated to 27 January.
Knights was posted to No. 62 Squadron on 10 March 1918, and served as observer/gunner with pilot George Everard Gibbons, flying a Bristol F.2b two-seater fighter. Between 12 March and 28 May they accounted for eight enemy aircraft, including three on 3 May and two on 28 May. Knights was hospitalized on 10 July 1918, and saw no further successes.
Knights left the RAF post-war, being transferred to the unemployed list on 14 March 1919.
References
1898 births
1968 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
Military personnel from London
People from the London Borough of Wandsworth
York and Lancaster Regiment officers
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
British World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Military Cross |
(born 21 August 1986, in Sapporo) is a Japanese gymnast. He was a member of the 2008 Olympic team that won the silver medal. He was the 2nd best Japanese gymnast in the qualifying round and 5th overall but was replaced in the all around final by Hiroyuki Tomita.
References
1986 births
Living people
Japanese male artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Japan
Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Japan
Sportspeople from Sapporo
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
21st-century Japanese people |
Thomas Burgess (born 21 April 1992) is an English professional rugby league footballer who plays as a for the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the NRL. He has played for the England Knights, England and Great Britain at international level.
Burgess previously played for the Bradford Bulls in the Super League and has played for the World All Stars. He played in the Rabbitohs 2014 NRL Grand Final winning team alongside his twin brother George Burgess, and older brother Sam Burgess. Burgess is also the younger brother of retired rugby league footballer Luke Burgess.
Background
Burgess was born on 21 April 1992 in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, England. His father, Mark Burgess who died of Motor neurone disease, was also a rugby league footballer who played for Nottingham City, Rochdale Hornets, Dewsbury Rams and Hunslet; while his mother Julie is a teacher, currently employed at The Scots College in Bellevue Hill, Sydney. Burgess is brother of Luke, and fellow South Sydney Rabbitohs players Sam, and twin-brother George. Burgess attended Castle Hall Academy to receive a secondary education before becoming a professional rugby league footballer. He played his junior rugby league for Dewsbury Moor.
Burgess was a product of the Leeds Rhinos junior development system, before moving onto the Bradford Bulls.
Playing career
2011
Burgess first featured in three of the four pre-season friendlies of the 2011 season, playing against Halifax, the Dewsbury Rams and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. He made his Super League début in Round 8 against the London Broncos off the interchange bench in the Bradford Bulls' 24-22 win. In Round 20 against the Catalans Dragons, Burgess scored his first Super League try in the Bradford Bulls' 34-28 loss. Burgess also played in both Challenge Cup games against Halifax and Wigan Warriors, scoring against Halifax. He played in 20 matches and scored 2 tries in 2011.
2012
On 6 August, it was announced that Burgess had signed a one-year deal with the South Sydney Rabbitohs for 2013, joining brothers Sam, Luke and George. Burgess scored one try from 25 matches for the season. He was selected in the England Knights squad for the 2012 European Cup. Burgess made his Knights début in the 56–4 win over Ireland scoring a try in the process. In this competition he also featured in the 62–24 win over Scotland.
2013
In Round 15, Burgess made his NRL début for South Sydney against the Parramatta Eels, playing off the interchange bench in the 30-10 win at ANZ Stadium. In August, against the Wests Tigers, the Burgess Brothers became the first set of four brothers to line up in the same Australian side since Ray, Roy, Rex and Bernard Norman played for Sydney's Annandale club in the 1910 NSWRFL season. South Sydney won 32-18 at SFS. Burgess finished his début year in the NRL with 9 appearances. He joined England's 24-man squad for the World Cup, and played in 2 matches.
2014
Burgess returned to first grade in Round 11. In Round 21 against the Newcastle Knights at Barlow Park in Cairns, Burgess scored his first NRL try in South Sydney's smashing 50-10 win. On 5 October, in South Sydney's 2014 NRL Grand Final against the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Burgess played off the interchange bench in the club's 30-6 victory alongside his brothers George and Sam Burgess. Burgess finished the season with one try from 17 matches . Burgess was selected in the English final 24-man squad for the Four Nations series, and played in all 3 matches of the tournament.
2015
On 23 February, Burgess played for South Sydney in the 2015 World Club Challenge match against 2014 Super League Grand Final premiers St. Helens, playing off the interchange bench in the 39-0 win at Langtree Park. Burgess extended his contract with the Rabbitohs to the end of the 2017 season after scoring 2 tries from his 24 appearances. Burgess scored his first international try in England's 84-4 shellacking win over France at Leigh. He then played in the end of year test series against New Zealand, appearing in all 3 matches off the interchange bench in England's 2-1 Baskerville Shield series win. In December, Burgess trialled and trained with NFL teams the Seattle Seahawks and Buffalo Bills after he attracted interest from the clubs.
2016
In February 2016, Burgess played in South Sydney's Auckland Nines squad, On 13 February 2016, Burgess played for the World All Stars against the Indigenous All Stars in the 2016 All Stars match, starting at prop in the 12-8 win at Suncorp Stadium. After missing the first 4 rounds due to injury, in Round 5 against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Burgess made his return to the South Sydney team, playing off the interchange bench in the 16-12 win at Brookvale Oval. In July 2016, it was rumoured that Burgess was being offloaded to other clubs in a clean-out overhaul in their underperforming roster.
Burgess finished the 2016 NRL season with him playing in 19 matches for South Sydney. At the end of the season, Tom was selected in England's 24-man squad for the 2016 Four Nations. Before the tournament began, England played a test match against France in which Burgess scored his second international try in England's 40-6 win. Burgess played in all 3 matches off the interchange bench of the tournament.
2017
On 6 May 2017, Burgess played for England in the test against Samoa, playing off the interchange bench in the 30-10 win at Campbelltown Stadium.
Burgess finished the 2017 NRL season with him playing in 22 matches for the South Sydney club.
In October 2017 he was selected in the England squad for the 2017 Rugby League World Cup. Burgess played in The World Cup final against Australia and made two crucial errors towards the end of the game in which Australia came out victorious 6-0.
On 6 December 2017, Burgess signed an extension contract with Souths keeping him at the club until the end of 2019.
2018
Burgess scored his first try in two years against the New Zealand Warriors in round 11 in South Sydney's 30-10 victory at Mount Smart Stadium. The following week he scored a double against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks at ANZ Stadium in South Sydney's 22-14 win. Burgess made 27 appearances for Souths in total as the club finished 3rd on the table at the end of the regular season and reached the preliminary final before being defeated by eventual premiers the Sydney Roosters 12-4.
In 2018 he was selected for England against France at the Leigh Sports Village.
2019
Burgess began the 2019 NRL season in good form as the club won 10 of their first 11 games to sit on top of the table. Following South Sydney's Round 13 loss against Newcastle Knights, Burgess was ruled out of action for 4–6 weeks with an ankle injury. Burgess returned to the Souths side in Round 19 which South Sydney won 20-16 after the final siren had sounded.
Burgess made a total of 19 appearances for South Sydney in the 2019 NRL season as the club finished 3rd on the table and qualified for the finals. Burgess featured in all 3 of the club's finals games as they reached the preliminary final against Canberra Raiders, but were defeated 16-10 at Canberra Stadium.
On 10 October, Burgess was named in the England team for the 2019 Rugby League World Cup 9s.
He was selected in squad for the 2019 Great Britain Lions tour of the Southern Hemisphere. He made his Great Britain test debut in the defeat by Tonga.
2020
Burgess played 23 games for Souths throughout the year as the club reached their third straight preliminary final. However, for the third straight year Souths would fall short of a grand final appearance losing to Penrith 20-16 at ANZ Stadium.
2021
In round 6 of the 2021 NRL season, he scored the winning try for South Sydney in their 18-14 golden point extra-time victory over the Wests Tigers.
In round 19, he scored two tries for Souths in their 60-22 victory over the New Zealand Warriors.
Burgess played a total of 26 games for South Sydney in the 2021 NRL season including the club's 2021 NRL Grand Final defeat against Penrith.
2022
In round 20 of the 2022 NRL season, Burgess was sent off for a dangerous high tackle in South Sydney's 21-20 loss against Cronulla.
In the first week of the finals, Burgess was sent to the sin bin for a dangerous high tackle in South Sydney's 30-14 upset victory over arch-rivals the Sydney Roosters.
On 13 September, Burgess was suspended for two matches over his high tackle on James Tedesco.
In October he was named in the England squad for the 2021 Rugby League World Cup. In the third group stage match at the 2021 Rugby League World Cup, Burgess scored two tries for England in a 94-4 victory over Greece.
In November he was named in the 2021 RLWC Team of the Tournament.
2023
In round 23 of the 2023 NRL season, Burgess was placed on report during South Sydney's 26-16 loss against Cronulla. On 6 August, Burgess was controversially suspended for three matches with many critics saying the length of the suspension too harsh.
Burgess played a total of 16 games throughout the year as South Sydney finished 9th on the table and missed the finals.
References
External links
South Sydney Rabbitohs profile
Rabbitohs profile
NRL profile
Statistics at rlwc2017.com
England profile
1992 births
Living people
Bradford Bulls players
Burgess family
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league players
North Sydney Bears NSW Cup players
NRL All Stars players
Rugby league players from Dewsbury
Rugby league props
Rugby league second-rows
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
English twins |
Dennis Boutsikaris (; born December 21, 1952) is an American character actor who has won the Obie Award twice. He is also a narrator of audiobooks, for which he has won 13 Golden Earphone Awards and 8 Audie Awards. He won Best Audiobook of the Year from Amazon for his reading of The Gene.
Early life and education
Boutsikaris was born in Newark, New Jersey, to a Greek American father and Jewish mother, and grew up in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. He took up acting while a student at Governor Livingston High School, because he felt he was too small to succeed in athletics. A graduate of Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, Boutsikaris toured the country with John Houseman's The Acting Company doing classical theatre.
Career
Boutsikaris' film credits include leading roles in *batteries not included, The Dream Team, Crocodile Dundee II, Boys on the Side and In Dreams, among many others. His more recent films include Cherry Crush, The Education of Charlie Banks, Calling It Quits, and Money Monster. He played Paul Wolfowitz in Oliver Stone's W. In 2012, he co-starred in The Bourne Legacy, the fourth installment of the successful Bourne franchise.
On television, he had the lead in the series Stat, The Jackie Thomas Show, and Misery Loves Company. He has also had recurring roles on Sidney Lumet's 100 Centre Street, Nurse, Trinity, ER, Law & Order and Showtime's Shameless. Boutsikaris had a leading part in episode 20 of the second season of the hit CBS show Person of Interest which aired in the USA on Thursday, April 26, 2013. He was part of NBC's State of Affairs, the TV series that marked the return to series television of Katherine Heigl. In 2012, he also made an appearance as Jack Quayle in the season 2 episode "Collateral Damage" of the CBS show Blue Bloods. From 2015 to 2022, he played the role of lawyer Rich Schweikart in the first, second, then fourth through sixth seasons of the American series Better Call Saul. In 2017, Boutsikaris was cast in the recurring role of Henry Roarke on the ABC thriller series Quantico. In 2017-2018 Boutsikaris played a recurring role as Malcolm Croft, a professor at MIT and Liam's mentor in CBS's Salvation.
He has starred in over 20 TV movies, including Chasing the Dragon, And Then There Was One, Three Faces of Karen, Survival on the Mountain, Beyond Betrayal, and as Woody Allen in the miniseries Love and Betrayal: The Mia Farrow Story (with Patsy Kensit).
Theater
On Broadway Boutsikaris became the first American to play Mozart in Amadeus, and was directed by Laurence Olivier in Filumena. He starred in the Off-Broadway production of Sight Unseen to great critical acclaim.
He has been seen on Broadway in Bent and Amadeus (as the first American to play Mozart) with Frank Langella. He was seen in the Delacorte Theatre's production of Julius Caesar as Cassius. He was in the original New York productions of The Boys Next Door, A Picasso, and the revival of That Championship Season.
Off-Broadway he is probably best known for playing Jonathan Waxman in the original production of Sight Unseen at the Manhattan Theatre Club and later at the Orpheum Theatre. He received the Obie Award and a nomination for a Drama Desk Award for this performance. At the Geffen Theatre in Los Angeles he appeared in the premiere of David Mamet's The Old Neighborhood and in 2007 Jane Anderson's The Quality of Life with Laurie Metcalf and Jo Beth Williams. For that performance he received the Backstage West Garland Award for Best Actor and was nominated for Best Actor by the L.A. Critics Drama Circle and by the LA Alliance Ovation Awards.
In 2009 he was in the Broadway revivals of Brighton Beach Memoirs and Broadway Bound, again with Laurie Metcalf. The former opened to wide critical acclaim and then closed one week later. The latter never opened.
He continued his association with Laurie Metcalf, appearing with her in The Other Place Off-Broadway.
Voice work
He can be heard in over 160 audiobooks and has received eight Audie Awards and two Best Voices of the Year Awards from AudioFile Magazine. He was voted Best Narrator of the Year by Amazon for The Gene.
Awards
Boutsikaris has received two Obie Awards: one in 1985 for Outstanding Performance in Nest of the Woodgrouse at the New York Shakespeare Festival, directed by Joseph Papp; and one in 1992 for Outstanding Performance in Sight Unseen at the Manhattan Theatre Club. He also received a Drama Desk Award nomination for Best Actor for Sight Unseen, as well as a Cable ACE nomination for Best Supporting Actor for Chasing the Dragon in 1995. He was nominated for a People's Choice Award as best Newcomer. He received the Best Actor Award at the Staten Island Film Festival and the Long island Film Festival for his role in Calling It Quits.
Personal life
Boutsikaris was married to actress Deborah Hedwall; they divorced in 2002.
Filmography
Film
Television series
Television films
References
External links
1952 births
American male film actors
American people of Greek descent
American male television actors
Governor Livingston High School alumni
Hampshire College alumni
Jewish American male actors
Living people
Obie Award recipients
People from Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
Male actors from Newark, New Jersey
21st-century American Jews |
Hemington is a village and civil parish north west of Frome, in the Mendip district of Somerset, England. It is located just off the A366 between Trowbridge and Radstock. The parish includes the villages of Hardington, Faulkland and Foxcote.
History
The name of the parish means "the settlement of Hemmi's (or Hemma's) people".
The parishes of Hardington and Hemington were part of the Kilmersdon Hundred, while Foxcote was part of the Wellow Hundred.
On the village green in Faulkland and at several other sites throughout the village there are standing stones of unknown origin. Between two of the stones are the 16th or 17th-century village stocks. There are two pubs in the village: The Faulkland Inn, which dates from the early 19th century, and the historic Tuckers Grave which was probably built in the early 18th century and is one of the few remaining 'Parlour' pubs with no bar counter.
Foxcote was on the route of the Somerset and Dorset Railway and was the site, on 7 August 1876, of a collision between the Wimborne to Bath train and one travelling from Bath to Radstock. The crash, known as the Radstock rail accident, left 13 people killed and 51 injured. It is just off the route of NCR 24, the Colliers Way, which is named for the Somerset coalfield which included a colliery at Foxcote from 1853 to 1931. In 1896 they were owned by Writhlington, Huish and Foxcote Colliery Co., and by 1908 this had been changed to Writhlington Collieries Co. Ltd. The Upper and Lower Writhlington, Huish & Foxcote were later all merged into one colliery.
In the late 19th century a local quarry owner, John Turner of Faulkland, took out a lawsuit against his neighbour Hedworth Jolliffe, 2nd Baron Hylton who owned Ammerdown House in Kilmersdon. When Turner lost he erected a tower of around high to rival the column at Ammerdown, with a dance hall and tea garden at the base. When Turner died in 1894, Lord Hylton bought the structure to demolish it. The base and dance hall were converted into workers cottages and eventually demolished in 1969.
Manor of Hardington
John VI Bampfield (fl. 14th century), of Poltimore, Devon, married Agnes Pederton, daughter and heiress of John Pederton of Hardington, Somerset, by his wife Cecilia Turney, daughter and heiress of John Turney. By his wife he had two sons, the eldest Sir William Bampfield of Poltimore, the youngest Peter Bampfield of Hardington, Somerset, whose ultimate male descendant was Warwick Bampfield (1623–1695), of Hardington, whose heir was Sir Coplestone Warwick Bampfylde, 3rd Baronet (c. 1689–1727) of Poltimore.
Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.
The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of Mendip, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, having previously been part of Frome Rural District, which is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.
Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.
It is also part of the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Religious sites
Foxcote church, dedicated to St James the Less, dates from the early 18th century and incorporates a 15th-century turret. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.
The parish Church of St Mary dates from the 12th century and is Grade I listed.
The Church of St. Mary at Hardington in the parish of Hemington, Somerset, England dates from the 11th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building. It is no longer used as a church and is in the care of The Churches Conservation Trust.
The Wesleyan Chapel at Faulkland has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade II listed building.
See also
Jonathan Kestenbaum, Baron Kestenbaum of Foxcote (born 1959), chief operating officer of investment trust RIT Capital Partners, and a Labour member of the House of Lords
References
External links
Hemington, Hardington & Foxcote Parish Council
Villages in Mendip District
Civil parishes in Somerset |
```c
/*
* RTP iLBC Depacketizer, RFC 3952
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#include "avformat.h"
#include "rtpdec_formats.h"
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
static int ilbc_parse_fmtp(AVFormatContext *s,
AVStream *stream, PayloadContext *data,
const char *attr, const char *value)
{
if (!strcmp(attr, "mode")) {
int mode = atoi(value);
switch (mode) {
case 20:
stream->codecpar->block_align = 38;
break;
case 30:
stream->codecpar->block_align = 50;
break;
default:
av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported iLBC mode %d\n", mode);
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
}
return 0;
}
static int ilbc_parse_sdp_line(AVFormatContext *s, int st_index,
PayloadContext *data, const char *line)
{
const char *p;
AVStream *st;
if (st_index < 0)
return 0;
st = s->streams[st_index];
if (av_strstart(line, "fmtp:", &p)) {
int ret = ff_parse_fmtp(s, st, data, p, ilbc_parse_fmtp);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (!st->codecpar->block_align) {
av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No iLBC mode set\n");
return AVERROR(EINVAL);
}
}
return 0;
}
RTPDynamicProtocolHandler ff_ilbc_dynamic_handler = {
.enc_name = "iLBC",
.codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO,
.codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_ILBC,
.parse_sdp_a_line = ilbc_parse_sdp_line,
};
``` |
Herbert List (7 October 1903 – 4 April 1975) was a German photographer, who worked for magazines, including Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, and Life, and was associated with Magnum Photos. His austere, classically posed black-and-white compositions, particularly his homoerotic male nudes, taken in Italy and Greece being influential in modern photography and contemporary fashion photography.
Early life
Herbert List was born on 7 October 1903 to a prosperous business family in Hamburg, the son of Luise and Felix List. He attended the Johanneum Gymnasium, and afterwards studied literature 1921–23 at the University of Heidelberg. While still a student he became apprenticed in the family company, Landfried Coffee. In 1923, after two years in Heidelberg learning about the coffee trade and attending lectures at the university on Greek art and literature, List traveled for the family business Kaffee-Import Firma List & Heineken, Hamburg. Between 1925 and 1928 he visited plantations and contacts in Guatemala, Costa Rica, San Salvador, Brazil (where he stayed for six months) and San Francisco. During this time he began taking photographs.
Photographer
In 1929 he met Andreas Feininger who inspired his greater interest in photography and gave him a Rolleiflex camera. From 1930 he began taking portraits of friends and shooting still life; was influenced by the Bauhaus and artists of the surrealist movements, Man Ray, Giorgio De Chirico and Max Ernst; and created a surrealist photograph titled Metaphysique in a style he called fotografia metafisica in homage to De Chirico, his most important influence during this period.
List used male models, draped fabric, masks and double-exposures to depict dream states and fantastic imagery. He has explained that his photos were "composed visions where [my] arrangements try to capture the magical essence inhabiting and animating the world of appearances."
While there are surface similarities to Nazi imagery of the athletic male body—that of Leni Riefenstahl for example—unlike them, List's pictures of friends are portraits as much as they are nudes, nor did List endorse Nazi ideas, nor did his work influence National Socialist photography. He never published his male nudes in his own lifetime, and kept them hidden in his mother's house in a sack he called his 'poison bag'. He was however influenced in his depiction of romantic paganism by the Jugendbewegung youth and physical health movement, though he did not join any of its associations, and some of the ideals of the Jugendbewegung were co-opted by the Nazis (though they later denounced the movement) and influenced their idealising Romantic realism. List in his own notes uses a pun—"Das Objektiv ist nicht objectiv,"—to emphasise his creative, non-realist, application of photography: "The lens is not objective. Otherwise photography would be useless as an artistic medium."
In 1936, in response to the danger of Gestapo attention to his openly gay lifestyle and his Jewish heritage, List left Germany for Paris, where he met George Hoyningen-Huene with whom he travelled to Greece, deciding then to become a photographer. During 1937 he worked in a studio in London and held his first one-man show at Galerie du Chasseur d'Images in Paris in a show reviewed by G. Brunon Guardia for l'Intransigeant;This photographer, having perfected a method based on the geometric laws of composition and the interplay of contrasts, applies to it all a Germanic rigour. The choice of his subjects, the pose of the model, the placement of the object, deliberately artificial, contribute to the coldness of the results. But we are in front of work that is a superb demonstration. The staging is always remarkable in itself except for the facile Hoffmannesque use of wax dolls and masks, but this distant monument which is really part of a bicycle placed in the foreground, or these shells taken at point-blank range on sand in front of a mirror that reflects the dunes, are worth stopping for. Even in the less commendable equivocation of certain nudes, Herbert List shows himself to be an ingenious director, and a faithful interpreter. There is therefore, for gifted amateurs and for many professionals, much to draw from these excellent lessons, even if it means returning later to more soulful expressions.Hoyningen-Huene referred him to Harper's Bazaar magazine, and 1936–39 he worked for Arts et Metiers Graphiques, Verve, Vogue, Photographie, Life and lesser publications including La Belle France. List was unsatisfied with fashion photography. He turned back to still life imagery, continuing in his fotografia metafisica style.
From 1937 to 1939 List traveled in Greece and took photographs of ancient temples, ruins, sculptures, and the landscape for his book Licht über Hellas. In the meantime he supported himself with work for magazines Neue Linie, Die Dame and for the press from 1940 to 1943, and with portraits which he continued to make until 1950. In List's work the revolutionary tactics of surrealist art and a metaphysical staging of irony and reverie had been honed in on the fashion industry that relied on illusion and spectacle which after World War II returned to a classical fixation on ruins, broken male statuary and antiquity.
War years
In 1941, during World War II, he was forced to return to Germany; but because one of his grandparents was Jewish he was not allowed to publish or work professionally. In 1944 he was drafted into the German military, despite being of partly Jewish ancestry. He served in Norway as a map designer. A trip to Paris allowed him to take portraits of Picasso, Jean Cocteau, Christian Bérard, Georges Braque, Jean Arp, Joan Miró, and others.
Photojournalism
After the war, he photographed the ruins of Munich where he continued to live until 1960, working mainly for the Swiss magazine Du, with freelance photo essays for Heute, Epoca, Look, Harper's Bazaar, Flair, and Picture Post. He was made art editor of Heute magazine, published by the Allied occupying forces, in 1948.
In 1951, List met Robert Capa, who invited him to work as a contributor to Magnum, but he rarely accepted assignments. For the next decade he produced copious work in Italy. During this time he also started using a 35 mm film camera and a telephoto lens. He was influenced by his Magnum colleague Henri Cartier-Bresson as well as the Italian neorealist film movement. In the 1950s he also shot portraits of Marino Marini, Paul Bowles, W. H. Auden, and Marlene Dietrich in 1960. Over the period 1949–62 he visited Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
List's 1950 picture of a woman, her black dress spread about her, reclining at a respectable distance from an elderly man reading, with one leg of his trousers rolled above his socks and garter, both enjoying the spring sunshine on the front steps of the Glyptothek in Munich, was selected by curator Edward Steichen for the world-touring Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Family of Man, seen by 9 million visitors.
Recognition and legacy
In 1964 List was awarded the David Octavius Hill Prize of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Lichtbildner.
List is best known for his book Junge Männer (1988) which contains more than seventy images of young men lounging in the sun, wrestling and innocently regarding the camera lens. It is introduced by Stephen Spender in whose autobiographical novel The Temple, written in 1929 but not published until 1988, List is fictionalised as Joachim Lenz.
List gave up photography in the early 1960s to concentrate on his collection of Italian Old Master Drawings.
List died in Munich on 4 April 1975, and his archive was absorbed in the Ratjen collection which was later acquired by the National Gallery in Washington.
Exhibitions
Solo exhibitions
1937 Galerie du Chasseur d'Images, Paris
1940 Parnassos Galerie, Athens.
1976 Neue Sammlung, München, Germany
Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg, Germany
1977 Kunsthaus, ZUrich (CH). Kunstverein, Frankfurt, Germany.
PPS Galerie, Düsseldorf, Germany
1980 I.C.P., New York (USA)
Photographers' Gallery, London, Great Britain
1981 Galleria Rondanini, Rome, Italy.
1983 Musee d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris.
Group exhibitions
Fotografische Kunsterbildnisse, Museum Ludwig, Koln, Germany
1978 Das Experimentelle Photo in Deutschland 1918–40, Galleria del Levante, München, Germany
1979 Photographie Als Kunst 1879–1979
Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
Photographic Surrealism, New Gallery of Contemporary Art, Cleveland (USA)
1980 Avant-Garde Photography In Germany 1919–1939, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
1981 Dog Show N°I, Nikon Fotogalerie, Zürich, Switzerland
Landschaften, PPS Galerie, Hamburg, Germany.
Books by Herbert List
List, H. (1953). Licht über Hellas: Eine Symphonie in Bildern. München: G.D.W. Callwey.
Compilations
US Camera Year-Book, New York 1957
DU, Zürich 1973
Portraits, Hoffmann & Campe, Hamburg 1977
Photographs 1930-1970, Thames and Hudson, London und Rizzoli, New York 1980
Fotografien 1930-1970; 1980 neu herausgegeben von Max Scheler unter dem Titel: Fotografie Metafisica
Herbert List. I grandi fotografi. Milano 1982, deutsch München 1983
Herbert List, Memento 1945. Münchner Ruinen. Fotomusem München. Schirmer/Mosel, München 1995
Max Scheler und Matthias Harder (Hrsg.). Herbert List. Die Monographie. Mit einem Geleitwort von Bruce Weber und Texten von Herbert List u.a. Schirmer/Mosel, München 2000,
References
Bibliography
Boris von Brauchitsch: Das Magische im Vorübergehen. Herbert List und die Fotografie. Lit, Münster und Hamburg 1992
Werner Brück: Wie erzählt Herbert List? Die "Antillia"-Bilder ("Du", September 1958, Jg. 18). Humanistisch engagierte Fotografie. recenseo, Bern, 2018.
Emanuel Eckardt: Herbert List. Ellert und Richter, Hamburg 2003,
Stephen Spender, 'Der Junge Herbert List', in Gunter Metken, ed., Herbert List (1980)
External links
Herbert List on glbtq.com
Gallery of his works (three pages)
Magnum Photos biography
Article on his collection of drawings in the online database Les marques de collections de dessins & d'estampes
1903 births
1975 deaths
German erotic photographers
Nude photography
German people of Jewish descent
Magnum photographers
Gay photographers
German gay artists
German LGBT photographers
People educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums
Photography in Greece
Gay Jews
Fashion photographers
German photojournalists
Photographers from Hamburg
20th-century German LGBT people |
```javascript
Get a random item from an Array
Setting the length of an array
Data type comparison in `switch` statements
`NaN`
Detect **DO NOT TRACK** status
``` |
Ovula is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae.
Species
Species within the genus Ovula include:
Ovula costellata Lamarck, 1810
Ovula ishibashii (Kuroda, 1928)
Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Ovula (Neosimnia) P. Fischer, 1884: synonym of Neosimnia P. Fischer, 1884 (original rank)
Ovula acicularis sensu Tryon, 1885 not Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
Ovula acicularis Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Cymbovula acicularis (Lamarck, 1810) (original combination)
Ovula adamsi Weinkauff, 1881: synonym of Procalpurnus semistriatus (Pease, 1863)
Ovula adamsii (Dunker, 1877): synonym of Phenacovolva rosea (A. Adams, 1855)
Ovula adriatica (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828): synonym of Aperiovula adriatica (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828): synonym of Pseudosimnia adriatica (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828) (unaccepted generic combination)
Ovula alba Perry, 1811: synonym of Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula angulosa Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Ovula costellata Lamarck, 1810
Ovula antillarum (Reeve, 1865): synonym of Simnialena uniplicata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
Ovula aspera Perry, 1811: synonym of Volva volva (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula birostris (Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of Phenacovolva birostris (Linnaeus, 1767)
Ovula birostris sensu Tryon, 1885 not Linnaeus, 1767: synonym of Simnia aperta (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
Ovula blainvillei Leach, 1847: synonym of Simnia patula (Pennant, 1777)
Ovula blanville Leach, 1847: synonym of Simnia patula (Pennant, 1777)
Ovula bullata (Gould, 1861): synonym of Globovula cavanaghi (Iredale, 1931)
Ovula bullata sensu Tryon, 1885 not A. Adams & Reeve, 1848: synonym of Sandalia triticea (Lamarck, 1810)
Ovula caledonica Crosse, 1871: synonym of Diminovula caledonica (Crosse, 1871) (original combination)
Ovula canadiensis sensu Tryon, 1885 not Weinkauff, 1882: synonym of Simnialena uniplicata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
Ovula carnea (Poiret, 1789): synonym of Pseudosimnia carnea (Poiret, 1789)
Ovula carolinensis Mörch, 1877: synonym of Simnialena uniplicata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
Ovula cepula Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Pseudosimnia carnea (Poiret, 1789) (synonym)
Ovula columba Schubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829: synonym of Ovula costellata Lamarck, 1810
Ovula cristallina Kiener, 1843: synonym of Diminovula alabaster (Reeve, 1865)
Ovula cumingi Mörch, 1850: synonym of Diminovula concinna (G. B. Sowerby II, 1848)
Ovula cygnea Röding, 1798: synonym of Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula deflexa (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849): synonym of Naviculavolva deflexa (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
Ovula dentata Fischer von Waldheim, 1807: synonym of Pseudosimnia carnea (Poiret, 1789) (synonym)
Ovula dentata sensu Angas, 1887 not G. B. Sowerby II, 1848: synonym of Crenavolva traillii (A. Adams, 1856)
Ovula formosa sensu Verco, 1935 not G. B. Sowerby II, 1848: synonym of Cuspivolva platysia (C. N. Cate, 1973)
Ovula haliotidea Blainville, 1825: synonym of Pseudosimnia adriatica (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828) (synonym)
Ovula hervieri Hedley, 1899: synonym of Habuprionovolva hervieri (Hedley, 1899) (original combination)
Ovula hirasei Pilsbry, 1913: synonym of Quasisimnia hirasei (Pilsbry, 1913)
Ovula hordacea Kiener, 1843: synonym of Neosimnia avena (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833): synonym of Simnia avena (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833)
Ovula inflexa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1832): synonym of Simnialena rufa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833)
Ovula insculpta Odhner, 1919: synonym of Phenacovolva insculpta (Odhner, 1919)
Ovula intermedia sensu Tryon, 1885 not G. B. Sowerby I, 1828: synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
Ovula ishibashii auctt.: synonym of Ovula isibasii (Kuroda, 1929) (unjustified emendation)
Ovula lactea Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Procalpurnus lacteus (Lamarck, 1810) (original combination)
Ovula lactea sensu Tryon, 1885 not Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Diminovula alabaster (Reeve, 1865)
Ovula loebbeckeana Weinkauff, 1881: synonym of Simnia loebbeckeana (Weinkauff, 1881) (original combination)
Ovula lutea Pallary, 1900: synonym of Neosimnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula margarita sensu A. Adams, 1854 not G. B. Sowerby I, 1828: synonym of Diminovula concinna (G. B. Sowerby II, 1848)
Ovula nigerina Dufo, 1840: synonym of Crenavolva striatula (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828)
Ovula nipponensis Pilsbry, 1913: synonym of Testudovolva nipponensis (Pilsbry, 1913)
Ovula obsoleta Locard, 1891: synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
Ovula oviformis Lamarck, 1801: synonym of Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula papyracea Fischer von Waldheim, 1807: synonym of Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula pennantiana Leach, 1847: synonym of Simnia patula (Pennant, 1777)
Ovula perla Röding, 1798: synonym of Calpurnus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
Ovula pharetra Perry, 1811: synonym of Cyphoma gibbosum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula philippinarum sensu Tryon, 1885 not G. B. Sowerby II, 1849: synonym of Phenacovolva rosea (A. Adams, 1855)
Ovula pudica sensu Tryon, 1885 not A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Diminovula caledonica (Crosse, 1871)
Ovula punctata Duclos, 1828: synonym of Diminovula punctata (Duclos, 1828) (original combination)
Ovula pygmaea G. B. Sowerby I, 1828: synonym of Ovula ovum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula rhodia (A. Adams, 1854): synonym of Sandalia triticea (Lamarck, 1810)
Ovula rosea Pallary, 1900: synonym of Neosimnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula rosea Rossiter, 1883: synonym of Aclyvolva lanceolata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
Ovula roseocarnea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of Neosimnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula rostrata Mörch, 1877: synonym of Cyphoma gibbosum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula rufula Mollerat, 1890: synonym of Pseudosimnia carnea (Poiret, 1789)
Ovula seccato G. B. Sowerby I, 1834: synonym of Cyphoma intermedium (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828)
Ovula semperi Weinkauff, 1881: synonym of Prosimnia semperi (Weinkauff, 1881) (original combination)
Ovula sowerbyana Weinkauff, 1881: synonym of Phenacovolva brevirostris (Schumacher, 1817)
Ovula sowerbyana sensu Tryon, 1885 not Weinkauff, 1881: synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
Ovula spelta (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula striata Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Volva striata (Lamarck, 1810)
Ovula textoria Röding, 1798: synonym of Volva volva (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ovula tortilis Deshayes, 1844: synonym of Ovula angulosa Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Ovula costellata Lamarck, 1810
Ovula triticea Lamarck, 1810: synonym of Sandalia triticea (Lamarck, 1810)
Ovula triticea Lamarck, 1810 sensu Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of Simnia nicaeensis Risso, 1826: synonym of Simnia spelta (Linnaeus, 1758) (misapplication)
Ovula triticea P. J. Fischer, 1927: synonym of Prosimnia semperi (Weinkauff, 1881)
Ovula tuberculosa Gray & G. B. Sowerby II, 1839: synonym of Crenavolva striatula (G. B. Sowerby I, 1828)
Ovula uniplicata sensu Tryon, 1885 not G. B. Sowerby II, 1848: synonym of Neosimnia loebbeckeana (Weinkauff, 1881): synonym of Simnia loebbeckeana (Weinkauff, 1881)
References
External links
Herrmannsen, A. N. (1846-1852). Indicis Generum Malacozoorum primordia. Fischer, Cassel. Vol. 1: i-xxviii, 1-637 pp.
Sowerby, G. B., I. (1828). On the recent species of the genus Ovulum. Zoological Journal. 4: 145-162
Ovulidae |
Dulab-e Bala (, also Romanized as Dūlāb-e Bālā; also known as Dūlāb) is a village in Shurab Rural District, in the Central District of Arsanjan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 13 families.
References
Populated places in Arsanjan County |
Oecomys is a genus of rodent within the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. It contains about 17 species, which live in trees and are distributed across forested parts of South America, extending into Panama and Trinidad.
References
Literature cited
Carleton, M.D., Emmons, L.H. and Musser, G.G. 2009. A new species of the rodent genus Oecomys (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini) from eastern Bolivia, with emended definitions of O. concolor (Wagner) and O. mamorae (Thomas). American Museum Novitates 3661:1–32.
Rodent genera
Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas |
Susanne "Susi" Handschmann (born 2 March 1959) is an Austrian former ice dancer. With her brother, Peter Handschmann, she is a six-time Austrian national champion (1975–1980) and competed at two Winter Olympics (1976, 1980).
Personal life
Susi Handschmann was born on 2 March 1959 in Vienna, Austria. She is the younger sister of Peter Handschmann.
Career
The Handschmann siblings won their first national title in 1975. They finished 16th at the 1975 European Championships in Copenhagen, Denmark.
The following season, the Handschmanns placed 11th at the 1976 European Championships in Geneva, Switzerland. In February, they competed at their first Olympics, held in Innsbruck, Austria; they withdrew following the compulsory dances, in which they ranked 12th. Returning to competition, they finished 12th at the 1976 World Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden.
The Handschmanns created the Austrian Waltz pattern dance. They first performed it in 1979 in Vienna. Their best ISU Championship results, 7th, came at the 1979 Europeans in Zagreb, Yugoslavia, and 1979 Worlds in Vienna.
In their final competitive season, the siblings won their sixth consecutive national title and placed 11th at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
Results
(with Peter Handschmann)
References
Navigation
Austrian female ice dancers
Olympic figure skaters for Austria
Figure skaters at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics
1959 births
Living people |
Anfisa Anatolyevna Reztsova (, née Romanova, Романова; 16 December 1964 – 19 October 2023) was Soviet and Russian biathlete and cross-country skier who competed in both sports from 1985 to 2000.
Career
In Soviet times, she trained at Dynamo in Vladimir.
Reztsova earned a total of five medals in the Winter Olympics, including three golds (1988: cross country 4 × 5 km relay, 1992: biathlon 7.5 km, 1994: biathlon 4 × 7.5 km relay), one silver (1988: cross country 20 km), and one bronze (1992: biathlon 3 × 7.5 km relay). She is notable for performing the feat of being the only person to win Olympic gold medals in both cross-country skiing and biathlon. She is one of the few sportspersons to win gold at three consecutive Olympics under three different flags, the first being the Soviet union in 1988, the second – Unified Team in 1992, and the third being the Russian Federation in 1994.
Reztsova also found success at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, earning three golds (4 × 5 km relay: 1985, 1987, 1999) and two silvers (1987: 5 km, 20 km). She also won one cross-country World Cup and seven biathlon World Cups in her career.
In an interview with a Russian sports website in 2020, she admitted to having used illegal performance-enhancing drugs at the end of her career.
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Norwegian biathletes wanted Russian athletes to be excluded from international competitions. This made Reztsova claim that Russian athletes would always be better than the Norwegians, claim that Norwegians just wanted to get rid of competitors, and liken Norwegians to "disgusting cockroaches".
Personal life and death
Reztsova lived in Moscow. She was the mother of biathletes Daria Virolaynen and Kristina Reztsova.
Anfisa Reztsova died of cardiac arrest on 19 October 2023, at the age of 58. Earlier in March 2023 Reztsova had a heart attack and due to low hemoglobin she received several blood transfusions.
Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
Olympic Games
2 medals – (1 gold, 1 silver)
World Championships
5 medals – (3 gold, 2 silver)
World Cup
Season standings
Individual podiums
10 podiums
Team podiums
8 victories
11 podiums
Note: Until the 1999 World Championships and the 1994 Olympics, World Championship and Olympic races were included in the World Cup scoring system.
References
at the International Biathlon Union
. Birth date listed as 6 December 1964.
1964 births
2023 deaths
People from Gus-Khrustalny District
Russian female biathletes
Russian female cross-country skiers
Soviet sportspeople in doping cases
Russian sportspeople in doping cases
Soviet female biathletes
Soviet female cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for the Soviet Union
Olympic biathletes for the Unified Team
Olympic biathletes for Russia
Cross-country skiers at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Biathletes at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic gold medalists for the Unified Team
Olympic bronze medalists for the Unified Team
Olympic medalists in biathlon
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
Biathlon World Championships medalists
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Medalists at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism alumni
Doping cases in biathlon
Doping cases in cross-country skiing
Sportspeople from Vladimir Oblast |
Douglas and District F.C. are a football club from Douglas on the Isle of Man. They compete in the Isle of Man Football League. They play their home games at Groves Road in Douglas.
History
For more information, please visit the official website.
The club evolved from Barclays (IOM) FC who were formed in 1996. As the number of players affiliated with the bank decreased, the club changed its name to Douglas & District FC in 2002. The club have only ever competed in Division Two. In 2005, Dave Quirk was elected as the club's first Life Member.
The club have a reserve team who compete in the Isle of Man Football Combination. Douglas and District also joined the Isle of Man Football Association Veterans League in 2011, and started junior boys teams in 2012, junior girls teams in 2016 and a walking football team in 2020.
Douglas and District Football Club won the 2007–08, 2014–15 and 2015–16 Fred Faragher Memorial Trophy for the fewest disciplinary points gained by players over the season. Started in 1969, presented by Castletown MFC in memory of Fred Faragher, originally for referee marks for sportsmanship.
Douglas and District were awarded the FA Community Awards Charter Standard Development Club of the Year for 2012–13, 2013–14, 2016-17 and 2021–22.
Each year since 1997, the club has embarked on a tour. The places visited have been as follows:
* Due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Historical kits
Ground
For more information, please visit the official website.
Douglas and District play their home games at Noble's Park in Douglas, using changing rooms 1 (home) and 2 (away), to the far left of the pavilion. Parking spaces are available at the rear of the pavilion and Grandstand, and are accessible from St. Ninian's Road.
Originally, the club played at Groves Road, just across from Springfield Road, Pulrose. They moved from there at the end of the 2009–10 season. This was due to the demolition of the NSC changing room block. From 14 August to 16 October 2010, Union Mills Football Club kindly allowed the club to play their home games at their Garey Mooar pitch in Braddan.
They played over half of their home matches at Groves Road for the 2020-21 season. They played their home matches at the Bowl for the 2021–22 season. They will be playing home matches at Groves Road for the 2022–23 and 2023–24 seasons.
Statistics
For more information, please visit the official website.
Highest League Position: 7th, 2021-22 & 2022-23
Most League Wins: 10, 2002–03
Best League Win Percentage: 40.91%, 2021-22
Least League Defeats: 12, 2021-22
Best League Defeat Percentage: 53.85%, 2002–03
Most League Goals Scored: 69, 2002–03
Best Goals Scored Per League Game Average: 2.65, 2002–03
Least League Goals Conceded: 82, 1999–2000
Best Goals Conceded Per League Game Average: 3.15, 1999–2000
Most League Points: 32, 2002–03
Best Points Per Game Average: 1.27, 2021-22
Seasons
Key
P = Played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
F = Goals for
A = Goals against
Pts = Points
Pos = Final position
Div 2 = Isle of Man Football League Division Two
PR = Preliminary Round
R1 = Round 1
QF = Quarter Finals
SF = Semi Finals
^ = Only 13 teams not 14 entered Division Two for 2001/2002.
# = Jurby disbanded prior to the 2009/2010 season, leaving 13 teams in Division Two.
CV = The season was abandoned, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
External links
Football clubs in the Isle of Man
1996 establishments in the Isle of Man
Association football clubs established in 1996 |
Francesco Autoriello (January 1824 – August 28, 1894) was an Italian painter, mainly depicting historical canvases.
Biography
Born in Naples, he moved to Salerno and was initially self-trained as a painter at age 16. He later taught design at the Seminary of Salerno and a school run by Benedictines. He painted from Cava de' Tirreni until 1855, and then went to study at the Academy of Fine Arts of Naples under Filippo Palizzi. He first participated at the Promotrice of Naples in 1862, with a Children of Jefte; in 1864, Virtue and Labor. He then began producing works of genre and history. At the 1877 National Exposition in Naples, he exhibited a large canvas depicting The Assassination of the Huguenot Admiral Coligny on the Night of San Bartolomew (bought by the Municipality of Naples and exhibited in Museo di Castel Nuovo). At the Turin exhibition of 1884, he exhibited Socrates visits Aspasia.
Other works include Vendemmiatori precoci (exhibited in 1886 at Naples); L'operaio e la sua famiglia, (exhibited in 1893 at Milan); and Consulto in Convento (1887). He also painted the canvases on the ceilings of the church of San Francesco in Cava dei Tirreni;
frescoes for the walls and chapels of the chapel of the Orphanage (Asilo Infantile) of Cava; and a large watercolor copy of painting of the Last Judgement, once in the Sala Storica of the Church of Santa Donna Regina Nuova (awarded diploma of merit at the 1876 Naples exhibition.
In 1881, he became professor of design, figure, and perspective at the Royal Institute of Fine Arts in Naples, and later professor of perspective at the Academy in Salerno. He published a text on perspective: Corso Completo di Prospettiva Ragionata 2nd edizione. in Naples 1880. The text was used in the Institute at Naples.
He painted the Dance of the Hours in the Sala Rossa of the Casino dei Nobili in Salerno, where he worked alongside Giulio Minervini, Carlo Tito Dalbono, Demetrio Salazaro, and Federico Travaglini.
References
1824 births
1894 deaths
People from Salerno
Painters from Campania
Painters from Naples
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
19th-century Italian male artists |
```smalltalk
namespace System.Linq.Dynamic.Core.Tests.Helpers.Models
{
public class UserProfile
{
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public int? Age { get; set; }
public UserProfileDetails UserProfileDetails { get; set; }
}
}
``` |
Stephen Louis Armstrong Dillard (born November 13, 1969 in Nashville, Tennessee) is an appellate court judge and lecturer. In 2010, he was appointed to fill a vacant judgeship on the Georgia Court of Appeals. In 2012, he was elected to a full six-year term and was re-elected in 2018. His current term will end in 2024.
Education
Dillard graduated from Samford University and the Mississippi College School of Law, cum laude.
Career
In 1996, he was admitted to practice in Georgia, and he is an active member of the State Bar of Georgia. Dillard clerked for Judge Daniel Anthony Manion of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
Dillard practiced appellate law with the Macon, Georgia law firm of James, Bates, Pope & Spivey LLP until receiving his judgeship appointment in 2010. He lives in Macon with his wife, the former Krista McDaniel, and their three children. On June 1, 2009, Dillard was nominated to fill a vacancy on the Supreme Court of Georgia.
On July 1, 2009, Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue's Office of Communications announced that the Georgia Judicial Nominating Commission had recommended Dillard as one of nine individuals to fill that vacancy. But in August 2009, Governor Perdue appointed Dillard instead to the Judicial Nominating Commission. In October 2010, Perdue appointed Dillard to fill one of two vacancies on the Georgia Court of Appeals. His judicial appointment ran from November 1, 2010 through December 31, 2012.
On July 31, 2012, Judge Dillard was elected by his fellow Georgians to serve a full six-year term on the Court (2013–18). On July 1, 2017, Dillard was elected by his colleagues to serve as the Court’s Chief Judge. Since joining the Court of Appeals, Dillard has spoken to numerous organizations and participated in countless seminars on a wide variety of legal topics. In 2016, Judge Dillard was appointed as the Co-Chairperson of the Georgia Judicial Council's Strategic Plan Standing Committee, and as a member of the Council's Standing Committee on Technology.
In 2015, Dillard was appointed by Governor Nathan Deal to the Georgia Appellate Jurisdiction Review Commission. He was appointed that year to serve on the Georgia Judicial Council, and as the Chairperson of the Council's Court Reporting Matters Committee. In 2014, he was named the "State Judge of the Year" by his alma mater, the Mississippi College School of Law, for outstanding judicial service and also received the "Fastcase 50" award, which honors leaders in the world of law, scholarship, and legal technology.
In 2013, he was awarded the Distinguished Judicial Service Award by the Young Lawyers Division of the State Bar of Georgia, recognizing his outstanding service on the bench and commitment to improving the practice of law. In 2012, Judge Dillard was appointed to the Code of Judicial Conduct Review Committee, and he also began serving as the Special Consultant to the Georgia High School Mock Trial Committee.
Personal
Dillard is married to Krista (née McDaniel), with whom he has three children.
Electoral history
2012
2018
Bibliography
Five essays in the Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in America, (M.E. Sharpe, 2005)
Griffin Bell and Antonin Scalia biographies in Great American Judges, (ABC-CLIO, 2003); and
Kenneth Starr and Joseph Story biographies in Great American Lawyers, (ABC-CLIO, 2001)
References
External links
|-
1969 births
Living people
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
American alternative journalists
American bloggers
Georgia Court of Appeals judges
Mississippi College School of Law alumni
Lawyers from Macon, Georgia
Lawyers from Nashville, Tennessee
Samford University alumni
State attorneys
21st-century American non-fiction writers |
Coombs Lake is a lake in Meeker County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.
Coombs Lake was named for Vincent Coombs, a pioneer who settled there.
See also
List of lakes in Minnesota
References
Lakes of Minnesota
Lakes of Meeker County, Minnesota |
Raja Vikrama () is a 1950 Indian historical drama film, directed and produced by Kemparaj Urs. The film stars Kemparaj Urs, B. Jayamma, N. S. Subbaiah and M. V. Rajamma. It was simultaneously shot in Tamil and Kannada languages.
Plot
Cast
Male cast
Kemparaj Urs as Vikraman
N. S. Subbaiah as Bangaru
Stunt Somu as Commander
Sethuraman as Clown
C. V. V. Panthulu as King's Adviser
Ganapathi Bhatt as Good Man
Mani Iyer as Chandrasena King
Jayaram as Kalan
Female cast
B. Jayamma as Prabhavathi
Rajamma as Kamini
Pandari Bai as Padmini
Angamuthu as Female Clown
Sarathambal as Kamakshi
Soundtrack
Music is composed by S. Rajam. Lyrics were penned by A. M. Nadaraja Kavi. Playback singers are S. Rajam, Ganthimathi and Jikki.
References
1950s Kannada-language films
1950s Tamil-language films
Memorials to Vikramaditya |
Amadeo's theatre was founded in Zagreb, Croatia, in 1797 and lasted until 1834. It was the first continuously operating theatre in Zagreb.
Overview
Amadeo's theatre was named after Anton Amade de Varkony, Hungarian count and notable county prefect of Zagreb. Amadeo's theatre was situated in the former Blatna (Mud) and Kazališna (Theatre) Street, which afterwards got the name Demetrova. The building in which it was situated is the present location of the Croatian Natural History Museum and, from 2000, the home of the Amadeo Theatre and Music Company.
Amadeo's theatre was a public theatre which was rented by its owner to a contractor – the principal of the theatrical group with the highest offer. Posters, tickets, announcements and advertisements were printed for plays and other events. The earliest preserved poster, dated January 1799, advertised a comic opera by Giovanni Paisiello.
After the death of Amade de Varkony in January 1835, his son sold the building, and theatre life in Zagreb moved to the then newly built Stanković's theatre in St. Mark's Square.
Repertoire
The plays in Amadeo's theatre were performed almost exclusively in the German language. In 1832 and 1833 German actors in Amadeo's theatre performed the first public and professional plays in the Croatian Kajkavian dialect. Dragutin Rakovac (1813–1854) translated two comedies by Kotzebue to Kajkavian, and Josef Schweigert, director and actor of a German group who was performing at the theatre at the time, portrayed the following plays:
2 October 1832 Ztari mladosenja i kosharice (by Kotzebue)
28 January 1833 Vkanjeni Vkanitel (by Florijan)
23 July 1833 Ztari zaszebni kuchish Petra III (by Kotzebue)
A collective German language repertoire with standard features of the Austrian province of the time was portrayed in Amadeo's theatre: dramas, operas, ballets and a special kind of uncomplicated plays with singing sections which later developed into an operetta called Singspiel. At the beginning of the 19th century, the occurrence of writers pertaining to the Vienna circle, who marked the beginning of the Vienna folk theatre with their works, is becoming more and more frequent, and without them it would be impossible to imagine the genesis of the Croatian folk play.
In the Croatian theatrical history, Amadeo's theatre had a primarily educational role.
References
External links
Amadeo Theatre and Music Company
1797 establishments in Europe
1834 disestablishments in Europe
1790s establishments in Croatia
Theatres in Zagreb
History of Zagreb
Gornji Grad–Medveščak
18th-century establishments in Croatia |
Veronicella cubensis, common name the Cuban slug, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Veronicellidae, the leatherleaf slugs.
Distribution
This species occurs in countries and areas including:
Cuba
Introduced in California
Introduced in Dominica
This species is already established in the USA, and is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.
References
Veronicellidae
Gastropods described in 1840 |
Eilean Mullagrach is an island in the Summer Isles of Scotland. It is located in Highland council area, in the northwestern part of the country, 800 km northwest of the United Kingdom capital London. It is the most northerly of the Summer Isles. Its area is 29 hectares. It is 150 feet high.
References
Summer Isles
Uninhabited islands of Highland (council area) |
Brian Allgeier (born March 10, 1971) is an American video game designer who is best known for being the original designer and creative director of the Ratchet & Clank series developed by Insomniac Games for the PS2, PS3, PS4 and PS5.
He started working in videogames in 1991 as an artist and animator on the CD-i title, Hanna Barbera’s Cartoon Carnival for Philips Media. He worked as part of the internal production group, *FunHouse*, led by game designer Cliff Johnson.
In 1999, he joined Insomniac Games as a level designer on the Spyro the Dragon series for the PlayStation and later became design director on the Ratchet & Clank series for the PlayStation 2. In 2006, he became creative director on Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction, which was the first PlayStation 3 installment for the Ratchet & Clank series, as well as the first installment for the Future series.
Games
References
1971 births
Living people
American video game designers
People from Dayton, Ohio |
Ethyldienolone, also known as 17α-methyl-19-nor-δ9-testosterone, as well as 17α-methylestra-4,9-dien-17β-ol-3-one, is synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated derivative of 19-nortestosterone. It is slightly more active than methyltestosterone when given orally. Ethyldienolone is closely related to dienolone and methyldienolone.
See also
Dienedione
Metribolone
References
Androgens and anabolic steroids
Dienes
Estranes
Hepatotoxins |
Cavad (also, Dzhavad and Dzhavat) is a village and municipality in the Sabirabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,151. It takes its name from the short lived Javad Khanate.
References
Populated places in Sabirabad District |
In mathematics, a subalgebra is a subset of an algebra, closed under all its operations, and carrying the induced operations.
"Algebra", when referring to a structure, often means a vector space or module equipped with an additional bilinear operation. Algebras in universal algebra are far more general: they are a common generalisation of all algebraic structures. "Subalgebra" can refer to either case.
Subalgebras for algebras over a ring or field
A subalgebra of an algebra over a commutative ring or field is a vector subspace which is closed under the multiplication of vectors. The restriction of the algebra multiplication makes it an algebra over the same ring or field. This notion also applies to most specializations, where the multiplication must satisfy additional properties, e.g. to associative algebras or to Lie algebras. Only for unital algebras is there a stronger notion, of unital subalgebra, for which it is also required that the unit of the subalgebra be the unit of the bigger algebra.
Example
The 2×2-matrices over the reals form a unital algebra in the obvious way. The 2×2-matrices for which all entries are zero, except for the first one on the diagonal, form a subalgebra. It is also unital, but it is not a unital subalgebra.
Subalgebras in universal algebra
In universal algebra, a subalgebra of an algebra A is a subset S of A that also has the structure of an algebra of the same type when the algebraic operations are restricted to S. If the axioms of a kind of algebraic structure is described by equational laws, as is typically the case in universal algebra, then the only thing that needs to be checked is that S is closed under the operations.
Some authors consider algebras with partial functions. There are various ways of defining subalgebras for these. Another generalization of algebras is to allow relations. These more general algebras are usually called structures, and they are studied in model theory and in theoretical computer science. For structures with relations there are notions of weak and of induced substructures.
Example
For example, the standard signature for groups in universal algebra is . (Inversion and unit are needed to get the right notions of homomorphism and so that the group laws can be expressed as equations.) Therefore, a subgroup of a group G is a subset S of G such that:
the identity e of G belongs to S (so that S is closed under the identity constant operation);
whenever x belongs to S, so does x−1 (so that S is closed under the inverse operation);
whenever x and y belong to S, so does (so that S is closed under the group's multiplication operation).
References
Universal algebra |
The 2005 Spanish Grand Prix (formally the Formula 1 Gran Premio Marlboro de España 2005) was a Formula One motor race, held on 8 May 2005 at Circuit de Catalunya in Montmeló, Spain.
Report
Background
The BAR-Honda did not take part in this race, serving the first of a two race ban following irregularities at the San Marino Grand Prix.
Qualifying
Kimi Räikkönen drove to the pole position before Mark Webber, who set the fastest lap during the second qualifying session to claim the front row, leaving championship leader Fernando Alonso on the second row in third.
Race
Right from the start Räikkönen started pulling away at a blistering pace, setting the fastest lap thirteen times in only twenty four laps. Alonso's tyres wore down and he was forced to take care of them and come home in second place, never taking the lead from Räikkönen.
Webber had a dismal start, losing second and then third to Alonso and Ralf Schumacher, respectively. After the first round of pitstops he lost three positions and had to battle his way back to finish in sixth. Alonso's teammate Giancarlo Fisichella moved around constantly in the field, but managed to end up in fifth from sixth on the grid.
Jarno Trulli had a good race, ending up on the podium in third ahead of his teammate Ralf Schumacher, who fell behind after the first round of pitstops. Meanwhile, Räikkönen's teammate Juan Pablo Montoya had an average race, moving around in the field but still only managing a seventh place. It was his return from a two-race absence to recover from a shoulder injury. David Coulthard claimed the final points-paying position in eighth after starting from ninth.
Some of the retirements included Michael Schumacher, whose tyre failed on lap 47, his third retirement of the year. Jacques Villeneuve also had to retire on lap 52 after a water leak resulted in his engine overheating.
This was Räikkönen's first victory of 2005.
Friday drivers
The bottom 6 teams in the 2004 Constructors' Championship were entitled to run a third car in free practice on Friday. These drivers drove on Friday but did not compete in qualifying or the race.
Classification
Qualifying
Notes
– Tiago Monteiro and Rubens Barrichello received a 10-place grid penalty for engine changes.
– Nick Heidfeld received a 20-place grid penalty for engine changes.
Race
Championship standings after the race
Drivers' Championship standings
Constructors' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
See also
2005 Catalunya GP2 Series round
References
Spanish Grand Prix
Grand Prix
Spanish Grand Prix
May 2005 sports events in Europe |
Saint-Amand-des-Hautes-Terres () is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Amfreville-Saint-Amand.
Population
See also
Communes of the Eure department
References
Former communes of Eure
Populated places disestablished in 2016 |
Imre Mándi (; 22 November 1916 – 1943) was a Hungarian boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the welterweight class after losing his fight to the upcoming gold medalist Sten Suvio. Next year he won a silver medal at the European championships.
Mándi was Jewish and died in a Nazi labor camp during World War II.
References
1916 births
1943 deaths
Welterweight boxers
Olympic boxers for Hungary
Boxers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Hungarian Jews who died in the Holocaust
Jewish boxers
Hungarian male boxers
Hungarian people who died in Nazi concentration camps
Hungarian civilians killed in World War II
Hungarian World War II forced labourers |
```javascript
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// Flags: --allow-natives-syntax
let {session, contextGroup, Protocol} = InspectorTest.start('Checks that breaks in framework code correctly processed.');
contextGroup.addScript(`
function frameworkAssert() {
console.assert(false);
}
function throwCaughtError() {
try {
throw new Error();
} catch (e) {
}
}
function throwUncaughtError() {
throw new Error();
}
function breakpoint() {
return 239;
}
function debuggerStatement() {
debugger;
}
function syncDOMBreakpoint() {
inspector.breakProgram('', '');
}
function asyncDOMBreakpoint() {
return 42;
}
function throwCaughtSyntaxError() {
try {
eval('}');
} catch (e) {
}
}
function throwFromJSONParse() {
try {
JSON.parse('ping');
} catch (e) {
}
}
function throwInlinedUncaughtError() {
function inlinedWrapper() {
throwUserException();
}
%OptimizeFunctionOnNextCall(inlinedWrapper);
inlinedWrapper();
}
function syncDOMBreakpointWithInlinedUserFrame() {
function inlinedWrapper() {
userFunction();
}
%OptimizeFunctionOnNextCall(inlinedWrapper);
inlinedWrapper();
}
//# sourceURL=framework.js`, 8, 26);
contextGroup.addScript(`
function throwUserException() {
throw new Error();
}
function userFunction() {
syncDOMBreakpoint();
}
//# sourceURL=user.js`, 64, 26)
session.setupScriptMap();
Protocol.Debugger.onPaused(message => {
session.logCallFrames(message.params.callFrames);
InspectorTest.log('');
Protocol.Debugger.resume();
});
Protocol.Debugger.enable();
Protocol.Debugger.setBlackboxPatterns({patterns: ['framework\.js']});
InspectorTest.runTestSuite([
function testConsoleAssert(next) {
Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'all'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'frameworkAssert()//# sourceURL=framework.js'}))
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'frameworkAssert()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(() => Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'none'}))
.then(next);
},
function testCaughtException(next) {
Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'all'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'throwCaughtError()//# sourceURL=framework.js'}))
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'throwCaughtError()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(() => Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'none'}))
.then(next);
},
function testUncaughtException(next) {
Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'all'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'setTimeout(\'throwUncaughtError()//# sourceURL=framework.js\', 0)//# sourceURL=framework.js'}))
.then(() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({ expression: "new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0))", awaitPromise: true}))
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'setTimeout(\'throwUncaughtError()//# sourceURL=user.js\', 0)'}))
.then(() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({ expression: "new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0))", awaitPromise: true}))
.then(() => Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'none'}))
.then(next);
},
function testUncaughtExceptionWithInlinedFrame(next) {
Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'all'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'setTimeout(\'throwInlinedUncaughtError()//# sourceURL=framework.js\', 0)//# sourceURL=framework.js'}))
.then(() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({ expression: "new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 0))", awaitPromise: true}))
.then(next);
},
function testBreakpoint(next) {
Protocol.Debugger.setBreakpointByUrl({lineNumber: 25, url: 'framework.js'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'breakpoint()//# sourceURL=framework.js'}))
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'breakpoint()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(next);
},
function testDebuggerStatement(next) {
InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:');
Protocol.Runtime
.evaluate({expression: 'debuggerStatement()//# sourceURL=framework.js'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'debuggerStatement()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(next);
},
function testSyncDOMBreakpoint(next) {
InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:');
Protocol.Runtime
.evaluate({expression: 'syncDOMBreakpoint()//# sourceURL=framework.js'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'syncDOMBreakpoint()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(next);
},
function testSyncDOMBreakpointWithInlinedUserFrame(next) {
InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:');
Protocol.Runtime
.evaluate({expression: 'syncDOMBreakpointWithInlinedUserFrame()//# sourceURL=framework.js'})
.then(next);
},
function testAsyncDOMBreakpoint(next) {
contextGroup.schedulePauseOnNextStatement('', '');
InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:');
Protocol.Runtime
.evaluate(
{expression: 'asyncDOMBreakpoint()//# sourceURL=framework.js'})
.then(() => contextGroup.cancelPauseOnNextStatement())
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: '42//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(() => contextGroup.schedulePauseOnNextStatement('', ''))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'asyncDOMBreakpoint()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(next);
},
function testCaughtSyntaxError(next) {
Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'all'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:'))
.then(() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate({
expression: 'throwCaughtSyntaxError()//# sourceURL=framework.js'
}))
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'throwCaughtSyntaxError()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(() => Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'none'}))
.then(next);
},
function testCaughtJSONParseError(next) {
Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'all'})
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> all frames in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'throwFromJSONParse()//# sourceURL=framework.js'}))
.then(() => InspectorTest.log('> mixed, top frame in framework:'))
.then(
() => Protocol.Runtime.evaluate(
{expression: 'throwFromJSONParse()//# sourceURL=user.js'}))
.then(() => Protocol.Debugger.setPauseOnExceptions({state: 'none'}))
.then(next);
}
]);
``` |
Majhe Pati Saubhagyawati () is a Marathi language television series that aired on Zee Marathi. The series premiered on 28 September 2015 by replacing Julun Yeti Reshimgathi.
Plot
It is a story of Vaibhav Malwankar. Vaibhav and his wife Laxmi come to Mumbai around 14 years ago. He has a dream to become a successful actor, but after too many rejections he has reached a stage where it becomes a crumble. He has one last chance to give a good life for his wife and himself. The role which is going to perform is lady character who gives his career and also help him to change his life completely.
Cast
Main
Vaibhav Mangle as Vaibhav Malwankar
Nandita Dhuri as Laxmi Vaibhav Malwankar
Recurring
Ashok Shinde as P. K.
Ramesh Bhatkar as Makarand Bhandari
Aarti Vadagbalkar as Surekha; Vaibhav's hairstylist
Uday Sabnis as Laxmi's father
Adwait Dadarkar as Director of Vaibhav's serial
Samir Paranjape as Sandy; Laxmi's brother
Sandeep Pathak as Surekha's husband
Sneha Majgaonkar as Manisha
Ruchira Jadhav
Uma Sardeshmukh
Surbhi Bhave-Damle
Reception
Special episode (1 hour)
25 October 2015
29 November 2015
14 February 2016
Ratings
References
External links
Majhe Pati Saubhagyawati at ZEE5
Marathi-language television shows
Zee Marathi original programming
2015 Indian television series debuts
2016 Indian television series endings |
Mutou Valley is located in the Flaming Mountains, near the ancient oasis city of Gaochang on the rim of the Taklamakan Desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. Under a cliff in the Mutou Valley is located the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, a complex of Buddhist caves temples dating from the 5th to the 9th centuries.
Footnotes
Sites along the Silk Road
Valleys of Xinjiang |
Chumar Bakor is a gemstone mining area located at an elevation of 5,520 meters in the Sumayar Valley of Nagar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Geographically it is also closer to the Oyum-Nagar (Nagarkhas). Walking from central Sumayar, it takes around 4 to 5 hours to reach the pegmatites that crop out on the western side of the mountain above 4000 meters elevation. Appiani (2007) states that according to (Blauwet and Shah, 2004) the gemstone deposits at Chumar Bakor were first discovered in 1984 by local hunter Muhammad Shah.
Chumar Bakor contains various precious and semi-precious gemstones such as Aquamarine, Fluorite, Apatite, Calcite, and Quartz.
Precious and Semi-Precious Gemstones
Aquamarine
Fluorite
Chumar Bakor Pass
The Chumar Bakor pass links the Sumayar valley with the Nagar Khas.
See also
Nagar Valley
Nagar District
Gilgit-Baltistan
References
Nagar District
Gemstone mines
Geography of Gilgit-Baltistan
Mines in Pakistan |
Marc Thomas may refer to:
Marc Thomas (computer scientist)
Marc Thomas (rugby union)
See also
Mark Thomas (disambiguation) |
```objective-c
% contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
% this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
%
% path_to_url
%
% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
classdef tListTraits < hTypeTraits
properties
TraitsConstructor = @arrow.type.traits.ListTraits
ArrayConstructor = @arrow.array.ListArray
ArrayClassName = "arrow.array.ListArray"
ArrayProxyClassName = "arrow.array.proxy.ListArray"
ArrayStaticConstructor = @arrow.array.ListArray.fromMATLAB
TypeConstructor = @arrow.type.ListType
TypeClassName = "arrow.type.ListType"
TypeProxyClassName = "arrow.type.proxy.ListType"
% The cell function works differently than other
% "type construction functions" in MATLAB.
MatlabConstructor = missing
MatlabClassName = "cell"
end
end
``` |
```go
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
//go:build plan9
// +build plan9
package plan9
func itoa(val int) string { // do it here rather than with fmt to avoid dependency
if val < 0 {
return "-" + itoa(-val)
}
var buf [32]byte // big enough for int64
i := len(buf) - 1
for val >= 10 {
buf[i] = byte(val%10 + '0')
i--
val /= 10
}
buf[i] = byte(val + '0')
return string(buf[i:])
}
``` |
Ted Sioeng (pronounced 'shyong') (), also known as Xiong Delong and Sioeng San Wong, is an Indonesian businessman with interests in the United States, China, Vietnam and other parts of Asia, worth around US$500 million.
Background
Sioeng grew up in Indonesia. Raised in an ethnically Chinese family, he has a strong affinity for China, which is now the focus of his business interests, while he also admires the United States - he and his family have been based in Los Angeles since 1987.
Business interests
While in his 20s, Sioeng became successful selling foam rubber padding. In the 1970s, he was quick to recognize that money could be made in emerging China and he built a multimillion-dollar fortune selling the Chinese used factory equipment – such as for cigarette- and toy-manufacturing and in the medical field – and exporting Chinese cigarettes to the West. In China, he goes by the name Xiong Delong.
He quickly saw that by donating money to good causes, such as to build schools, hospitals, and roads, he could gain favour with local governments. In Yunnan, this approach gained him a license to sell the popular Hongtashan brand of cigarettes – called 'Red Pagoda Mountain' in the U.S. – outside of China. He now runs the business as a (dollar-based) joint venture.
He is owner of the Chinese-language International Daily News, published in the United States and Indonesia.
U.S. campaign finance controversy
Sioeng was a major figure in the 1996 United States campaign finance controversy, notably sitting next to Bill Clinton and Al Gore at fundraising events after having donated to the Democratic Party funds allegedly linked to China. In 1997 the U.S. Congress was informed by the U.S. attorney general, and the directors of the CIA, FBI, and NSA that they had credible intelligence information indicating Sioeng was an agent of China.
According to an unclassified final draft of a report by the US Senate committee then investigating campaign finance abuses, half of the $400,000 given to the Democrats by Sioeng and his family was "funded by transfer from overseas accounts," suggesting that the money came from the Chinese government.
Family and personal life
Sioeng, who is ethnically an Dutch-Indo descent, began his life in an orphanage. He was then brought up (in Indonesia) by an Indonesian Chinese couple, which led to his interests in China.
He is married with five children, including his eldest, daughter Jessica Elnitiarta, who heads the family interests in California and was also involved in the Clinton controversy, having donated $300,000, some of which was alleged to have been Chinese government money.
Mr. Ted Sioeng holds a Singapore passport but his wife and children are permanent U.S. residents. He is able to speak good English.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Living people
Businesspeople from Jakarta
Indonesian businesspeople
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Sir James Darcy Freeman (19 November 1907 – 16 March 1991) was an Australian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Freeman was the sixth Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney and Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Regina Pacis a Ostia Lido. He was ordained a priest of the Sydney archdiocese on 13 July 1930, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Sydney on 9 December 1956 and ordained Titular Bishop of Hermopolis. In 1973 he was elevated to the cardinalate.
Early life and priesthood
Freeman was born on 19 November 1907 in , to Robert Freeman, a tramway driver, and his wife Margaret Smith. He was educated at the Sisters of Charity, Elizabeth Bay and St Mary's Cathedral College, Sydney, where he was regarded as a good student who enjoyed literature, music and sport.
He attended seminary at St Columba's Springwood and St Patrick's Seminary, Manly; and furthered his studies at the Pontifical Urban College of Propaganda Fide, Rome. He was ordained on 13 July 1930 by Archbishop Bartolomeo Cattaneo and incardinated in the Archdiocese of Sydney.
He served as an assistant priest in Grafton, Murwillumbah, Strathfield, Mosman and at St Mary's Cathedral. From 1941 – 1946 he became the private secretary to the archbishop and chaplain to the Christian Brothers College of St Patrick's College, Strathfield. He also served as administrator of Haymarket parish and parish priest of Stanmore.
Episcopate
Freeman was elected in partibus infidelium as Bishop of Hermopolis and auxiliary of Sydney on 9 December 1956. He was consecrated on 24 January 1957 at St Mary's Cathedral by Cardinal Norman Gilroy and spent 12 years as a loyal auxiliary to the man he has served as secretary. In October 1969 he was appointed Bishop of Armidale for three years after the death of Bishop Doody in 1968. He led the celebrations of the centenary of the Armidale diocese, 1869 to 1969.
On the retirement of Cardinal Gilroy in July 1971, Freeman's appointment as Archbishop of Sydney was announced.
Freeman participated in the elections of Pope John Paul I and Pope John Paul II in Rome in 1978.
Cardinalate and character
On 5 March 1973, Freeman was appointed Cardinal Priest of the Title of Our Lady of Peace of Ostia by Pope Paul VI. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1977.
In May 2016, to mark the 25th anniversary of his death, his former secretary, Peter Ingham , preached at an anniversary Mass, recalling "the widespread honour, affection and respect with which he was held in the communities where he was known." He further recalled that he sometimes called him "'the reluctant cardinal' – he never sought honours yet they came to him anyway."
Retirement and death
Freeman retired as Archbishop of Sydney on 12 February 1983, to St John Vianney Villa, Randwick. He died on 16 March 1991 at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, at the age of 83 and was buried in the crypt of St Mary's Cathedral.
Legacy
Freeman is the patron of the Freeman Catholic College at Bonnyrigg Heights, which opened in 1985 and has a student population of 1,220 and a teaching and support staff of 114. In 1987, the Cardinal Freeman Centre was established at Granville as part of the St Vincent de Paul Society to provide accommodation and support for the homeless men in the western suburbs of Sydney who have been affected by drug and alcohol-related problems. The Cardinal Freeman Village in Ashfield is a retirement home providing accommodation to 380 people. Freeman House in Armidale, continues in honour of his time and service in the Diocese of Armidale.
References
External links
"Honour shared by all: 12 October 2003" The Catholic Weekly Online. Accessed 23 May 2008.
"Metropolitan Archdiocese of Sydney" GCatholic.org. Accessed 23 May 2008.
"Bishops of Australia". AustOceaniaBishops.org Accessed 23 May 2008.
"Archdiocese of Sydney". Sydney.Catholic.org.au. Accessed 23 May 2008.
"Patron His Eminence Cardinal Sir James Freeman". Freeman Catholic College Web Site Accessed 23 May 2008.
"Cardinal Freeman Village". Aevum Limited Accessed 23 May 2008.
"Cardinal Freeman Centre" St Vincent de Paul Society Accessed 23 May 2008.
1907 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Australia
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Australian cardinals
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Roman Catholic archbishops of Sydney
Burials at St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney
Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI
Roman Catholic bishops of Armidale
Australian Roman Catholic archbishops |
Makoní (Maconi, Macuní) is an extinct Maxakalian language of Brazil.
Makoní is documented in word lists collected in 1816-1818.
Distribution
Makoní was historically spoken in the Caravelas River area of Bahia, Brazil.
Further reading
Métraux, Alfred and Curt Nimuendajú. 1946. The Mashacalí, Patashó, and Malalí Linguistic Families. In Julian H. Steward (ed.), The Marginal Tribes, 541-545. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology.
References
Maxakalían languages
Extinct languages of South America
Languages of Brazil |
Standings and results for Group 4 of the UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying tournament.
Group 4 consisted of Bulgaria, Norway, Wales and Yugoslavia. Group winners were Yugoslavia, who finished a point clear of second-placed Wales.
Final table
Results
Goalscorers
References
UEFA Page
RSSSF
4
1982–83 in Welsh football
1983–84 in Welsh football
1982–83 in Yugoslav football
1983–84 in Yugoslav football
Yugoslavia at UEFA Euro 1984
1982–83 in Bulgarian football
1983–84 in Bulgarian football
1982 in Norwegian football
1983 in Norwegian football |
The Alexo Formation a stratigraphic unit of Late Devonian (late Frasnian to early Famennian) age. It is present on the western edge of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in the central Rocky Mountains and foothills of Alberta. The formation consists primarily of dolomite. It is locally fossiliferous and includes remains of marine animals such as brachiopods and conodonts.
Lithology and thickness
The Alexo Formation was deposited in a marine setting and consists of dolomite, silty and argillaceous dolomite, dolomitic siltstone, and vuggy dolomite. It has a maximum thickness of about , and is thinner in areas where it covers carbonate buildups (reefs) in the underlying formations.
Distribution and relationship to other units
The Alexo Formation is present in the central Rocky Mountains of Alberta and the adjacent foothills, extending from the Crows Nest Pass area in the south to the North Saskatchewan River in the north. It overlies the Southesk or Mount Hawk Formation, depending on the location. It is overlain by the Palliser Formation.
The Alexo was originally considered to extend as far north as Jasper but was revised by McLaren and Mountjoy in 1962. In the area between the North Saskatchewan River and Jasper, they designated the upper beds of the Alexo as the Sassenach Formation, and the lower beds as part of the upper Southesk Formation.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Alberta
References
Devonian Alberta
Devonian southern paleotropical deposits
Geologic formations of Alberta
Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Frasnian Stage
Dolomite formations
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
Paleontology in Alberta |
Panasonic TR-005 Orbitel (also known as the "Flying Saucer" or "The Eyeball" due to its shape) was a television set that was manufactured from the late 1960s to early 1970s by Panasonic. It had a five-inch screen, earphone jack, and could rotate 180 degrees on its chrome tripod.
References
Television sets
Panasonic products |
Teretosporea are a proposed basal Holozoa clade in which Ichthyosporea and Corallochytrium emerged with the Filozoa as sister clade. Since it is close to the divergence between the main lineages of Fungi and Animals, the study of Teretosporea can provide crucial information on the divergent lifestyles of these groups.
With the inclusion of Syssomonas there remained very little support for the Teretosporea, and Corralychtrium appears to be a more derived Holozoa. The alternate phylogeny is the Pluriformea hypothesis.
References
Opisthokont unranked clades
Holozoa |
Dražen "Praja" Dalipagić (; born 27 November 1951) is a Serbian former professional basketball player and head coach. He was selected the best athlete of Yugoslavia in the year 1978, and is one of the most decorated athletes in Yugoslavian history. He was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991. Dalipagić was enshrined into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player in 2004, and into the FIBA Hall of Fame, also as a player, in 2007. In 2008, he was named one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors.
During his professional playing career, he scored at least 50 points in a game 15 times. His single-game career scoring high was 70 points scored, achieved during an Italian League game, between Venezia and Virtus Bologna, on 25 January 1987. He was nicknamed "The Sky Jumper".
Professional career
Dalipagić started playing basketball at the age of 19, and one year later he signed his first professional contract with Partizan, in 1971. He stayed in Partizan for eight seasons, until 1980. Over that time, he won the Mr. Europa European Player of the Year award twice, in 1977 and 1978, and the European Player of the Year Euroscar award in 1980. He was declared the best athlete of Yugoslavia in 1978. In the 1975–76 season, he led Partizan to the Yugoslav League title, and also to the European-wide 3rd-tier level FIBA Korać Cup title, in the 1977–78 season. He was also a member of Partizan, at the time when they won the 1978–79 season Korać Cup title, but he was serving in the Yugoslav army at the time.
In the 1980–81 season, he went abroad for the first time in his career. During that season, he played with Reyer Venezia, of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A league. After just one season with Venezia, he returned to his former club, Partizan, for one season. In the following seasons, he played for numerous European teams, including Real Madrid, of the Spanish Primera División, during the 1982–83 season, in which he only played with the club in FIBA European Champions Cup (now called EuroLeague) games. He also played with Reyer Venezia, and Glaxo Verona of the Italian League. He finished his professional career after the 1990–91 season, in which he played with Partizan's arch-rivals, Crvena zvezda.
As a Partizan Belgrade player, he scored 8,278 points, in 305 games played, for a scoring average of 27.1 points per game. While playing in Italy, he scored 7,993 points in 241 games played, for a scoring average of 33.2 points per game. He led the Italian League in scoring average, in the 1987–88 season, with an average of 37.7 points per game.
National team career
Dalipagić debuted for senior the Yugoslavian national basketball team, in 1973. In total, he played in 243 games with Yugoslavia's senior national team, between 1973 and 1986, scoring a total of 3,700 points, which was the most points scored by any player in the history of the Yugoslav national team.
He won the gold medal at the 1978 FIBA World Championship, and the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics. As a member of the Yugoslavian national team, he also won three gold medals at the EuroBasket. His four medals won at the FIBA World Cup (Silver, 1974 FIBA World Championship; Gold, 1978 FIBA World Championship; Bronze, 1982 FIBA World Championship, and 1986 FIBA World Championship) is tied for the all-time international basketball record. A three-time Olympian, Dalipagić was instrumental in the Yugoslavian team's capturing of the gold, at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Personal life
Dalipagić finished high school at the Technical School in Mostar, and graduated from the Teachers College in Belgrade. He is married to Sonja Požeg, former Yugoslav tennis player. They have two children, Sanja and Davorin.
See also
Yugoslav First Federal Basketball League career stats leaders
List of flag bearers for Yugoslavia at the Olympics
References
External links
Dražen Dalipagić at Basketball-Reference.com
Dražen Dalipagić at the Basketball Hall of Fame
Dražen Dalipagić at the FIBA Hall of Fame
Dražen Dalipagić at Interbasket.net
Dražen Dalipagić FIBA Europe Profile
Dražen Dalipagić Italian League Profile
Euroleague.net 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors
1951 births
Living people
Basketball players at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate basketball people in Serbia
Competitors at the 1975 Mediterranean Games
European champions for Yugoslavia
Euroscar award winners
FIBA EuroBasket-winning players
FIBA Hall of Fame inductees
FIBA World Championship-winning players
KK Crvena zvezda players
KK Partizan players
KK Lavovi 063 coaches
Lega Basket Serie A players
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Yugoslavia
Mediterranean Games medalists in basketball
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Olympic basketball players for Yugoslavia
Olympic bronze medalists for Yugoslavia
Olympic gold medalists for Yugoslavia
Olympic medalists in basketball
Olympic silver medalists for Yugoslavia
Pallalcesto Amatori Udine players
Real Madrid Baloncesto players
Reyer Venezia players
Scaligera Basket Verona players
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Small forwards
Basketball players from Mostar
Yugoslav men's basketball players
1974 FIBA World Championship players
1978 FIBA World Championship players
1982 FIBA World Championship players
Yugoslav expatriate basketball people
1986 FIBA World Championship players
Serbia and Montenegro sports coaches
Expatriate basketball people in Spain
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate basketball people in Italy
Serbian men's basketball players
Serbian men's basketball coaches
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in North Macedonia
Expatriate basketball people in North Macedonia
Serbia and Montenegro sportsmen
Goodwill Games medalists in basketball |
```xml
import { ServiceKey, ServiceScope } from '@microsoft/sp-core-library';
import { MSGraphClientFactory, MSGraphClient } from '@microsoft/sp-http';
export interface ICustomGraphService {
getMyDetails(): Promise<JSON>;
getSharePointSiteUsagePages(period: number): Promise<JSON>;
getSharePointSiteUsageSiteCounts(period: number): Promise<JSON>;
getSharePointActivityFileCounts(period: number): Promise<JSON>;
getOneDriveUsageFileCounts(period: number): Promise<JSON>;
getEmailActivityUserDetail(period: number): Promise<JSON>;
}
export class CustomGraphService implements ICustomGraphService {
public static readonly serviceKey: ServiceKey<ICustomGraphService> =
ServiceKey.create<ICustomGraphService>('my-custom-app:ICustomGraphService', CustomGraphService);
private _msGraphClientFactory: MSGraphClientFactory;
constructor(serviceScope: ServiceScope) {
serviceScope.whenFinished(() => {
this._msGraphClientFactory = serviceScope.consume(MSGraphClientFactory.serviceKey);
});
}
public getMyDetails(): Promise<JSON> {
return new Promise<JSON>((resolve, reject) => {
this._msGraphClientFactory.getClient().then((_msGraphClient: MSGraphClient) => {
_msGraphClient.api('/me').get((error, user: JSON, rawResponse?: any) => {
resolve(user);
});
});
});
}
//#region SharePoint
public getSharePointSiteUsagePages(period: number): Promise<JSON> {
return new Promise<JSON>((resolve, reject) => {
this._msGraphClientFactory.getClient().then((_msGraphClient: MSGraphClient) => {
_msGraphClient.api("path_to_url" + period + "')?$format=application/json").get((error, report: any, rawResponse?: any) => {
resolve(report);
});
});
});
}
public getSharePointSiteUsageSiteCounts(period: number): Promise<JSON> {
return new Promise<JSON>((resolve, reject) => {
this._msGraphClientFactory.getClient().then((_msGraphClient: MSGraphClient) => {
_msGraphClient.api("path_to_url" + period + "')?$format=application/json").get((error, report: any, rawResponse?: any) => {
resolve(report);
});
});
});
}
public getSharePointActivityFileCounts(period: number): Promise<JSON> {
return new Promise<JSON>((resolve, reject) => {
this._msGraphClientFactory.getClient().then((_msGraphClient: MSGraphClient) => {
_msGraphClient.api("path_to_url" + period + "')?$format=application/json").get((error, report: any, rawResponse?: any) => {
resolve(report);
});
});
});
}
//#endregion SharePoint
//#region OneDrive
public getOneDriveUsageFileCounts(period: number): Promise<JSON> {
return new Promise<JSON>((resolve, reject) => {
this._msGraphClientFactory.getClient().then((_msGraphClient: MSGraphClient) => {
_msGraphClient.api("path_to_url" + period + "')?$format=application/json").get((error, report: any, rawResponse?: any) => {
resolve(report);
});
});
});
}
//#endregion OneDrive
//#region OutLook
public getEmailActivityUserDetail(period: number): Promise<JSON> {
return new Promise<JSON>((resolve, reject) => {
this._msGraphClientFactory.getClient().then((_msGraphClient: MSGraphClient) => {
_msGraphClient.api("path_to_url" + period + "')?$format=application/json").get((error, report: any, rawResponse?: any) => {
resolve(report);
});
});
});
}
//#endregion Outlook
}
``` |
Adam van Noort (1561/62 – 1641) was a Flemish painter and draughtsman and one of the teachers of Peter Paul Rubens, and the only teacher of Jacob Jordaens. Adam van Noort was mainly known for his history paintings but he also created some portraits. He was a designer for engravings for the Collaert family of printmakers and publishers.
Life
Adam van Noort was born and died in Antwerp. He was the son of Lambert van Noort from Amersfoort and Katelijne van Broeckhuysen from Zwolle. His parents had established themselves in Antwerp where Lambert became a member of the local Guild of Saint Luke in 1549. His father was active primarily as a designer of stained-glass windows and engravings, an architect and, to a lesser extent, a painter. The family lived in poverty.
Adam van Noort probably initially trained with his father but must have had other teachers since his father died when he was still young. He was not registered with any other teacher in the records of the Guild of Saint Luke. He became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in 1587. He married Elisabeth Nuyts, with whom he had five children.
Van Noort served as dean of the Guild of Saint Luke from 1597 until 1602. He had problems with the Guild, which accused him of poor management of the accounts and misappropriation of materials of the Guild. The first conflict arose when van Noort used some unpainted panels in the Painter's Chamber of the Guild to create a composition he wanted to give as a present to the Guild in remembrance of his service as a deacon. Some other guild members objected to his actions and he was forced to substitute the panels and to ensure that they were painted within a year with a design approved by the Guild. The commission to paint the substituted panels did finally not go to van Noort but to Maerten de Vos. A second conflict with the Guild arose from the fact that he did not settle his accounts in time after he ceased being a deacon of the Guild.
Adam's present-day fame largely rests on the fact that he was the teacher of two of the leading Flemish Baroque painters Peter Paul Rubens and Jacob Jordaens. Rubens only stayed for a little over a year and is not believed to have been influenced much by van Noort's training. Jordaens married van Noort's daughter Elisabeth and would influence the style of his teacher and father-in-law. The total number of pupils of van Noort was around 35. This attests to the fact that in his time he was a very respected artist. He was also financially successful and was able to acquire several properties in Antwerp.
The other pupils of Adam van Noort include Hendrick van Balen, Ferdinand van Apshoven the Elder, Artus de Bruyn, Hendrik van der Eedt, Remoldus Eynhoudt and Hendrick van Herp.
Van Noort lived to an old age but likely ceased practising as an artist around 1630. He made his last will on 31 August 1640 and died not long after September that year.
Work
Van Noort painted mainly paintings of religious subjects and portraits. He collaborated with Marten de Vos and Ambrosius Francken on the decorations for the Joyous Entry of Archduke Ernest of Austria in 1594. Originally working in the Mannerist style of the aforementioned two artists, he developed his own style which was a transformation of Frans Floris’ Romanism executed on a smaller scale (such as in The preaching of John the Baptist, 1601). The Last Supper, a collaboration with Willem Key, is another good example of his style with its strong movement within a diagonal composition.
Later, with the arrival in his workshop and under the influence of Jacob Jordaens, he adopted some of the dynamism and monumentality of the Baroque into his work. This influence is evident in his Let the children come to me (c. 1609–10,Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium).
References
External links
1560s births
1641 deaths
Flemish Mannerist painters
Flemish Baroque painters
Painters from Antwerp
Peter Paul Rubens |
Lewis Miller may refer to:
Lewis Miller (folk artist) (1796–1882), Pennsylvania German folk artist
Lewis Miller (philanthropist) (1829–1899), Ohio businessman and philanthropist
Lewis Miller (Australian artist) (born 1959), Australian painter and visual artist
Lewis T. Miller (1787–1856), American politician in the Michigan House of Representatives
Lewis Miller (soccer) (born 2000), Australian footballer
See also
Louis E. Miller (1899–1952), U.S. Representative from Missouri |
```html
<!doctype html>
<!--
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="description" content="Demonstrates how to send a welcome email using Firebase Functions.">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Welcome email demo</title>
<!-- Material Design Lite -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="path_to_url">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="path_to_url">
<script defer src="path_to_url"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="main.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="demo-layout mdl-layout mdl-js-layout mdl-layout--fixed-header">
<!-- Header section containing title -->
<header class="mdl-layout__header mdl-color-text--white mdl-color--light-blue-700">
<div class="mdl-cell mdl-cell--12-col mdl-cell--12-col-tablet mdl-grid">
<div class="mdl-layout__header-row mdl-cell mdl-cell--12-col mdl-cell--12-col-tablet mdl-cell--8-col-desktop">
<h3>Authorized HTTP Function demo</h3>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<main class="mdl-layout__content mdl-color--grey-100">
<div class="mdl-cell--12-col mdl-cell--12-col-tablet mdl-grid">
<!-- Card containing the sign-in UI -->
<div id="demo-signed-out-card" class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--2dp mdl-cell">
<div class="mdl-card__supporting-text mdl-color-text--grey-600">
<p>
This web application demonstrates how you can send an authorized XHR Request to an HTTPS Function.
<strong>Now sign in!</strong>
</p>
<button id="demo-sign-in-button" class="mdl-color-text--grey-700 mdl-button--raised mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-js-ripple-effect"><i class="material-icons">account_circle</i> Sign in with Google</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Card containing the signed-in UI -->
<div id="demo-signed-in-card" class="mdl-card mdl-shadow--2dp mdl-cell">
<div class="mdl-card__supporting-text mdl-color-text--grey-600">
<p>
Sending XHR with "Authorization" header to:<br>
<span id="demo-url"></span><br><br>
Response: <span id="demo-response">...</span>
</p>
<hr />
<p>
Sending XHR with "__session" cookie to:<br>
<span id="demo-url-cookie"></span><br><br>
Response: <span id="demo-response-cookie">...</span>
</p>
<hr />
<button id="demo-sign-out-button" class="mdl-color-text--grey-700 mdl-button--raised mdl-button mdl-js-button mdl-js-ripple-effect">Sign out</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
<!-- Import and configure the Firebase SDK -->
<!-- These scripts are made available when the app is served or deployed on Firebase Hosting -->
<!-- If you do not serve/host your project using Firebase Hosting see path_to_url -->
<script src="/__/firebase/10.0.0/firebase-app-compat.js"></script>
<script src="/__/firebase/10.0.0/firebase-auth-compat.js"></script>
<script src="/__/firebase/init.js"></script>
<script src="main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
``` |
Biert (; ) is a commune in the Ariège department of southwestern France.
Population
Inhabitants of Biert are called Biertois.
See also
Communes of the Ariège department
References
Communes of Ariège (department)
Ariège communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
The Honda NS400R is a street-legal two-stroke sports bike produced by Honda between 1985 and 1987. Adapted from Honda's NS500 Grand Prix motorcycle ridden by "Fast" Freddie Spencer, the NS400R is the company's largest-displacement street-legal two-stroke road bike.
History
The limited-production NS400R was only sold from 1985 to 1988 and traces its lineage back to 1979. Honda was dominant in 500 cc class motocross racing with two-stroke engines, but its four-stroke Grand Prix bikes were lagging behind the competition. After internal deliberation over its four-stroke racing heritage, Honda pushed forward with two-stroke development. The resulting water-cooled NS500 fused the power of three two-stroke motocross engines into a compact and lightweight V3 configuration that produced at 11,000 rpm.
Rider Freddie Spencer gave Honda their first 500 cc class win in 15 years on an NS500 in 1982, and then rode a lighter and more powerful NS500 to a 1983 500 cc World Championship victory. The following year, Honda manufactured a limited-production version of the championship racer for privateers, called the RS500, that was a near duplicate of the works machine without the specialized exhaust.
Yamaha and Suzuki had already released street-legal replicas of their racing bikes, so Honda responded with the NS400R in 1985. Its 387 cc liquid-cooled two-stroke V3 produced at 9,500 RPM with triple flat-slide carburetors, and was coupled to a 6-speed transmission with a wet clutch. TRAC ("Torque Reactive Anti-dive Control") anti-dive front fork and a Pro-Link rear swingarm were combined with a box-section alloy frame and three disc brakes with dual-piston calipers. The resulting road-going replica racer was a street-legal facsimile of the NS500 V-3 on which Spencer became the youngest ever world champion at the time, at 21 years old.
Honda discontinued the NS400R in 1988.
NS400R
Two-stroke motorcycles
V3 engines |
Frederick M. Abbott (born 1952) is an American legal academic who is active in scholarly and public policy discussion involving global intellectual property protections and economic law, especially access to medicine. He holds the Edward Ball Eminent Scholar at Florida State University College of Law. He has written scores of journal articles and his books include The International Intellectual Property System: Commentary and Materials (with Thomas Cottier and Francis Gurry) (1999), China in the World Trading System: Defining the Principles of Engagement (1998), Public Policy and Global Technological Integration (1997), and Law and Policy of Regional Integration (1995). His book on treaty-making, Parliamentary Participation in the Making and Operation of Treaties, edited with Stefan Riesenfeld, was awarded the American Society of International Law Certificate of Merit.
External links
Florida State University College of Law faculty profile
American legal scholars
Florida State University faculty
Living people
1952 births |
The craft cocktail movement is a social movement spurred by the cocktail renaissance, a period of time in the 21st century characterized by a revival and re-prioritization of traditional recipes and methods in the bar industry, especially in the United States. The renaissance spanned from 2004 into the late 2010s. By 2017, high-quality ingredients, techniques, and liquors began to be ubiquitous in bars across the United States, leading writers to declare the renaissance over.
History
The cocktail renaissance spanned from 2004 through 2019. It has no clear single origin, though it was largely influenced by three previous food-and-beverage movements: the Culinary Revolution of the 1970s and 1980s (a reaction to the processed foods of postwar America, which also influenced the wine and beer industries), the rise of the craft beer industry, and the rising popularity of the internet and social media. The movement took inspiration from the last golden age of cocktails.
Among the movement's early pioneers was bartender Dale DeGroff, who in the 1980s began popularizing classic cocktails and creating new ones with premium ingredients and fresh-squeezed juice (long out of fashion at the time). DeGroff was working at The Rainbow Room for Joe Baum, who himself had pioneered in the culinary world in the 1950s and 1960s with the Four Seasons and the Fonda del Sol. Baum told DeGroff to read Jerry Thomas's 1862 How to Mix Drinks, which had elements of bartending long forgotten in the U.S. by that time.
Another pioneer, Sasha Petraske, began visiting the New York City bar Angel's Share (opened 1993), ordering its classics and learning the precision involved in Japanese bartending before opening his own influential bar, Milk & Honey, in 1999.
Tales of the Cocktail, an annual industry event, was founded during the cocktail renaissance, in 2002. The event initially hoped to introduce cocktail book writers to their readers, though by 2017 it began to host about 20,000 attendees from across the world, and had its own international roadshow and membership program.
In the 2000s, proteges of Dale DeGroff and Sasha Petraske opened bars in New York City, and a parallel movement took place on the U.S. West Coast, especially around San Francisco. By 2010, the industry ballooned, helped by new trends in the restaurant industry. New cocktail bars could often be traced back in style or origin to New York or San Francisco.
Into the 2010s, bars across America began to diversify, attempting to stand out from the blueprint of the pioneering New York City cocktail bars. These diversified establishments included whiskey bars, gin bars, mezcal bars, tiki bars, bars focused on obscure drinks, and some focused on molecular gastronomy, notably including The Aviary in Chicago.
By the late 2010s, craft cocktails had become mainstream, changing the way nearly everybody drank at bars and at home. The number of microdistilleries and microbreweries reached a level not seen since before Prohibition. By 2017, bars across America offered negronis and daiquiris, made with competent techniques, fresh juices, homemade syrups, refrigerated vermouth, and high-quality spirits. "Craft cocktails" began being added into corporate restaurant chains menus, including Chili's, Denny's, and Ruby Tuesday. Focus in the bar world began to turn onto issues of equity, inclusion, sobriety, and work-life balance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 100,000 restaurants and bars permanently closed, which was also seen as part of an end to the cocktail renaissance.
Characteristics
The craft cocktail movement is characterized by a return to traditions, a revival of old recipes, a reintroduction of forgotten spirits, and a revisiting of the culture of "sophisticated cocktail-sipping". A "craft cocktail" can be defined as a drink made from quality liquors consciously chosen by its creator, with fresh-squeezed juices and the like, and cold and dense ice. The term likely stems from the use of the term "craft beer", and from DeGroff's 2002 book The Craft of the Cocktail.
The movement involved the repopularization of Manhattans, old fashioneds, and hand-shaken daiquiris, displacing mudslides, Long Island iced teas, Midori sours, Appletinis and slushie-machine daiquiris, which had displaced those drinks many decades earlier. Some bartenders desired simply a return to traditional cocktails, though others advocated for extra creativity, a culinary element that moved the bartending world more than a simple era of nostalgia would have. The internet helped play a role in the creation of better cocktails; before the internet, bartenders would look up unfamiliar recipes in a printed bartender's guide, such as the Mr. Boston Official Bartender's Guide, and not know anything beyond that recipe. In the modern day, bartenders can find a plethora of recipes, the drink's history, who is known for drinking it, and other details. Bartenders' ability to share recipes and techniques allowed for a global conversation about bartending.
In the short term, the cocktail renaissance led to a greater number of bars and cocktail bar job creations, job security, and advancement. Over time, it increased investment throughout the bar and restaurant industry, revitalized the spirits industry, and increased tourism in the United States and throughout the world. The position of a bartender transformed from a blue collar job for those who could not handle office work, into a position of envy and prestige. Some of the senior bartenders became beverage managers, overseeing cocktail programs and creating detailed training programs to meet the higher standards of the clientele.
The movement has predominantly spread in large cities, though it has influenced small-town and even rural bars. The Oxford Companion to Spirits & Cocktails stated that once a customer has a well-made cocktail, it becomes hard to go backward.
Drinks to rise in popularity from the movement included Prohibition-era classics: bee's knees, last words, and negronis; pre-Prohibition drinks: Manhattans, old fashioneds, hand-shaken daiquiris, sazeracs, and clover clubs; as well as some newer drinks including Moscow mules. In contrast, the Ramos gin fizz had survived the "dark ages of mixology" as a decadent drink for Sunday brunches. Amid the cocktail renaissance, it became more important for bartenders to know how to make and the techniques involved in making them.
The movement also led to a revival of the speakeasy, through speakeasy-style bars. The trend was led by Angel's Share (opened 1993) and Milk & Honey (opened 1999), both in New York City. Other bars took on retro trends more successfully, without any secret doors, including the Flatiron Lounge (opened 2003) and the Pegu Club (opened 2005). Later notable speakeasies included Bourbon & Branch in San Francisco (opened 2006) and PDT (opened 2007). Also in 2007, Toby Maloney helped found the Violet Hour in Chicago. These bars taught its bartenders, who then spread the art of craft cocktails across America; the process also occurred around the world.
Cocktails
Difford's Guide lists many cocktails as contemporary classics, cocktails created or popularized during the cocktail renaissance. These include:
Amaretto sour (Jeffrey Morgenthaler recipe)
Añejo highball
Aperol spritz
Barrel-aged negroni
Benton's old fashioned
Bramble
Breakfast martini
Chartreuse swizzle
Corpse reviver number blue
Cosmopolitan
Earl Grey MarTEAni
Eastside gimlet
Espresso martini
Final ward
French martini
Gin basil smash
Gin gin mule
Gold rush
Green beast
Jasmine
Negroni sbagliato
Nuclear daiquiri
Oaxaca old fashioned
Old Cuban
Paloma
Paper plane
Penicillin
Porn star martini
Red hook
Rum old-fashioned
Russian spring punch
Sour apple martini
Tantris sidecar
Tommy's margarita
Trident
Trinidad sour
Watermelon martini
Whisky smash
White negroni
Some of these drinks were early to the cocktail renaissance and may seem simple or dated by modern standards. The breakfast martini and porn star martini are among them; they capitalized on the name-recognition of fruity "-tini" drinks, though the breakfast martini was one of the first cocktails to use jam as an ingredient, and the porn star martini gains body and flavor from passionfruit purée.
Distilling
The movement led to more craft distilling and distribution. As classic cocktails called for ingredients that were not distributed in certain areas (American rye was hard to find in Europe, like crème de violette was not available in the United States), some ingredients were no longer in production, e.g. Old Tom gin hadn't been made since World War II. Craft distilleries began to open worldwide, reversing the 20th-century consolidation of the industry and its product ranges. Operational distilleries rose from 24 in the United States in 2000 to more than 200 by 2010, which rose to over 2,000 by 2020.
Spirits companies began to hire brand ambassadors, traveling from bar to bar, or sometimes globally, to convince bars and patrons to feature their brands in cocktails.
Notable bars and bartenders
Bars
Notable bars that led the movement have included:
Absinthe, San Francisco
Angel's Share, New York City
Clyde Common, Portland, Oregon
Death & Co., New York City
Drink, Boston
Employees Only, New York City
Flatiron Lounge, New York City
Milk & Honey, New York City
Pegu Club, New York City
Rickhouse, San Francisco
Seven Grand, Los Angeles
Smuggler's Cove, San Francisco
The Violet Hour, Chicago
Zig Zag Café, Seattle
Bartenders
Notable bartenders involved in leading the cocktail renaissance have included:
Audrey Saunders
Dale DeGroff
David Kaplan
Dominic Venegas
Duggan McDonnell
Dushan Zaric
Jim Meehan
Julie Reiner
Julio Bermejo
Marco Dionysos
Martin Cate
Murray Stenson
Paul Harrington
Ravi DeRossi
Sasha Petraske
Scott Beattie
Thad Vogler
Toby Maloney
Further reading
References
Bartending
Drinking culture
Social movements
20th-century social movements
21st-century social movements |
Helene Valerie Hayman, Baroness Hayman, (née Middleweek; born 26 March 1949) is a British politician who was Lord Speaker of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. As a member of the Labour Party she was a Member of Parliament from 1974 to 1979. When she became an MP at age 25, she was the youngest MP of the 1974–79 Parliament. Hayman became a life peer in 1996.
Outside politics, she has been involved in health issues, serving on medical ethics committees and the governing bodies of bodies in the National Health Service and health charities. In 2006, she won the inaugural election for the newly created position of Lord Speaker.
Early life, education and early career
The daughter of Maurice (a dentist) and Maude Middleweek, Hayman attended Wolverhampton Girls' High School and read law at Newnham College, Cambridge, graduating in 1969; she was President of the Cambridge Union Society in 1969. She worked for Shelter from 1969 to 1971, and for the Social Services Department at the London Borough of Camden from 1971 to 74, when she was named Deputy Director of the National Council for One-Parent Families.
Personal life
She married Martin Heathcote Hayman (born 20 December 1942) in 1974; they have four sons.
Political career
She participated on William F. Buckley's Firing Line television programs in January 1972 as a member of a panel discussing "The Irish Problem" and featuring then-MP Bernadette Devlin McAliskey, and on July 24, 1973 in an episode discussing whether the Apollo program had been worth it, and again on the 20th August 1973 episode with Malcolm Muggeridge on the theme "Has America Had It?". In February 1973 she was one of three commenters on an episode of Firing Line which featured Germaine Greer.
She contested the Wolverhampton South West constituency in the February 1974 election. She was elected as the Member of Parliament for Welwyn and Hatfield in the October 1974 general election. On her election, she was the youngest member of the House of Commons, remaining the "Baby of the House" until the by-election victory of Andrew MacKay in 1977. She was the first woman to breastfeed at Westminster. She lost her seat, a marginal, to the Conservative Christopher Murphy at the 1979 general election.
She was a member of the Bloomsbury Health Authority (later Bloomsbury and Islington Health Authority) from 1985 to 1992, and its Vice-Chair from 1988 onwards.
She served on the ethics committees of the Royal College of Gynaecologists from 1982 to 1997, and of the University College London and University College Hospital from 1987 to 1997. From 1992 to 1997, she was a member of the Council of University College, London, and chair of Whittington Hospital NHS Trust.
Hayman was made a life peer on 2 January 1996, and took the title Baroness Hayman, of Dartmouth Park in the London Borough of Camden. After the Labour Party won the 1997 general election, she served as a junior minister in the Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions and the Department of Health, before being appointed Minister of State at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in July 1999.
She became a member of the Privy Council in 2001, but left political office the same year to become chairman of Cancer Research UK (2001–2005). She became chair of the Human Tissue Authority in 2005. She was a Trustee of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2002–2006) and of the Tropical Health and Education Trust (2005–2006). She was a member of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in 2005–2006. She was a member of the Lords Select Committee on the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill, 2004–2005, and of the Lords Constitution Committee, 2005–2006.
Lord Speaker
In May 2006, after the position of Speaker in the House of Lords was separated from the office of Lord Chancellor as part of the reforms under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, she was one of nine candidates to be put forward for the new role of Lord Speaker. She was nominated as a candidate by Baroness Symons of Vernham Dean and seconded by Lord Walton of Detchant. Her narrow victory in the election was announced on 4 July 2006 and she became the first ever Lord Speaker. On her election, Lord McNally, the Liberal Democrat leader in the House of Lords, called her the "Julie Andrews of British politics". Like the Speaker in the House of Commons, but unlike the Lord Chancellor who was also a judge and a government minister, the Lord Speaker resigns party membership and outside interests to concentrate on being an impartial presiding officer.
On 2 March 2011, Hayman gave a lecture to the Mile End Group in the Attlee Suite of Portcullis House. This was the third in a lecture series to commemorate the 1911 Parliament Act. On 9 May 2011, Hayman announced that she would not seek re-election for a second term as Lord Speaker; her successor was Baroness D'Souza.
Honours and awards
Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to the House of Lords.
On 21 September 2010: copy of the key of the city of Tirana on a visit to Albania at the invitation of the Speaker of the Albanian Parliament.
Honorary Fellow, Newnham College, Cambridge
See also
List of residents of Wolverhampton
References
External links
A lecture on House of Lords reform delivered by Baroness Hayman at the Parliament of the United Kingdom on YouTube
Offices held
|-
1949 births
Living people
People from Wolverhampton
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) life peers
Labour Friends of Israel
Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Crossbench life peers
Presidents of the Cambridge Union
UK MPs 1974–1979
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Fellows of Newnham College, Cambridge
People educated at Wolverhampton Girls' High School
Lords Speaker
20th-century British women politicians
20th-century English women
20th-century English people |
On August 28, 1957, Strom Thurmond, then a Democratic United States senator from South Carolina, began a filibuster intended to prevent the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The filibuster—an extended speech designed to stall legislation—began at 8:54p.m. and lasted until 9:12p.m. the following day, a duration of 24 hours and 18 minutes. This made the filibuster the longest single-person filibuster in United States Senate history, a record that still stands . The filibuster focused primarily on asserting that the bill in question, which provided for expanded federal protection of African American voting rights, was both unnecessary and unconstitutional, and Thurmond recited from documents including the election laws of each U.S. state, Supreme Court decisions, and George Washington's Farewell Address. Thurmond focused on a particular provision in the bill that dealt with certain court cases, but opposed the entirety of the bill.
Thurmond, an ardent segregationist, had served in the Senate for only three years before the speech, but was politically well-known even before his election to the body. Although the filibuster was supported by many South Carolinians and citizens of other Southern states, Thurmond's decision to filibuster the bill went against a previous agreement among Southern senators. As a result, Thurmond received mixed praise and criticism for his speech. In more recent years, Thurmond's filibuster has been described as racist because of its goal of preventing access to voting for black Americans. Nevertheless, the bill passed two hours after the filibuster and was signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower within two weeks.
Background and goals
The Fifteenth Amendment had guaranteed citizens of all races the right to vote in 1870, but state laws, poll taxes, and other institutions still prevented many Black Americans from voting. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was designed to federally secure and protect the right of Black Americans to vote, and was supported by the NAACP alongside the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration. The Act aimed to protect this right by establishing a Civil Rights Division within the Department of Justice and a U.S. Civil Rights Commission. In the Senate, many Democrats from Southern states were angered by the bill. The original bill had passed in the House of Representatives in June, but when the bill was sent to the Senate it was significantly watered down by a compromise to satisfy the Democrats. The Senate compromise removed a provision that would have allowed the Attorney General to file suit for discrimination in public places and added an amendment that guaranteed a trial by jury for anyone charged with restricting an individual's right to vote. This modified version of the bill passed the House on August 27 by a vote of 279–97.
Strom Thurmond, a United States senator from South Carolina, remarked that the civil rights bill constituted a "cruel and unusual punishment", and stated that he hoped to "educate the country" by means of an extended speech against the legislation. Senate rules allow for virtually unlimited debate on a bill, and a filibuster is a means of using these rules to prevent a bill's passage by speaking for as long as possible. At the time of Thurmond's filibuster, leaving the chamber or sitting down while speaking would end a senator's speech. A filibuster can also be ended by a cloture vote, which requires a certain percentage of senators to agree that a speech should be ended. At the time of Thurmond's speech, the threshold for cloture was a two-thirds majority. Thurmond holds the record for the longest filibuster, but longer filibusters have been carried out by groups of senators.
Thurmond's filibuster was primarily focused on a specific provision in the civil rights bill that focused on minor voting rights contempt cases. The provision allowed these cases to be tried by a judge without a jury present, but allowed a second trial by jury if penalties in the first trial exceeded 45 days' imprisonment or $300 in fines. This arrangement had been decided through a compromise between Republicans and Democrats, though according to historian Joseph Crespino it had very little practical impact since many judges would not hear a case without a jury if doing so made a second trial more likely. Thurmond and other Southern senators saw the provision as a violation of the defendant's right to a trial by jury, which is guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution.
Thurmond had been significantly involved in politics before his senatorship: he had served as Governor of South Carolina, helped to found the States' Rights Democratic Party after a walkout over civil rights at the 1948 Democratic National Convention, and ran against Harry S. Truman and Thomas E. Dewey as the new party's candidate in the 1948 presidential election. Thurmond garnered more than one million votes and won four states in this third-party presidential bid as a Dixiecrat. Six years later, Thurmond ran as a Democrat and was elected to the Senate as the junior senator from South Carolina in a write-in campaign. Thurmond's political candidacies were largely based on his opposition to racial integration.
An agreement among the Southern senators to not stage an organized filibuster had been reached in Senator Richard Russell's office on August 24, four days before Thurmond's speech. Thurmond's departure from the senators' agreement was later criticized by party leaders including Russell and Herman Talmadge.
Filibuster
The filibuster began at 8:54p.m. on August 28, 1957, with a reading of the election laws of each of the 48 states, and continued with readings from U.S. Supreme Court rulings, Democracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville, and George Washington's Farewell Address. The Senate chamber gallery, filled with hundreds of spectators at the beginning of the filibuster, dwindled to just NAACP lobbyist Clarence Mitchell Jr. and Thurmond's wife Jean at points during the early morning hours. On the morning of the 29th, Thurmond's voice dropped to a mumble and his tone became increasingly monotonous. Republican leader William Knowland from California requested around midday that Thurmond speak up so he could be sure no motions were being made, but Thurmond responded by suggesting that the senator move closer. Knowland remained where he was. At approximately 1p.m., Thurmond yielded to allow for the swearing-in of William Proxmire, who had been elected following the death of Joseph McCarthy, after which he resumed his speech. Thurmond was also allowed breaks throughout the day by other senators, including some in support of the bill, when they questioned him at length.
Thurmond concluded his filibuster after 24 hours and 18 minutes at 9:12p.m. on August 29, making it the longest filibuster ever conducted in the Senate . This surpassed the previous record set by Wayne Morse, who spoke against the Submerged Lands Act for 22 hours and 26 minutes in 1953. Teams of Congressional stenographers worked together to record the speech for the Congressional Record, which ultimately consumed 96 pages in the Record and cost over $7,000 in printing costs ($ in dollars).
Logistics
Thurmond's filibuster has been described by historian and biographer Joseph Crespino as "kind of a urological mystery". Thurmond took regular steam baths leading up to the filibuster to draw fluids out of his body, thus dehydrating himself and allowing himself to absorb fluids for a longer period of time during the filibuster. It has also been rumored within the African American community that Thurmond used other methods to avoid leaving for the restroom. The Chicago Defender stated that Thurmond had worn "a contraption devised for long motoring trips" that allowed him to relieve himself on the stand, and longtime Capitol Hill staffer Bertie Bowman claimed in his memoir that Thurmond had been fitted with a catheter. Thurmond was allowed to leave for the restroom one time, approximately three hours into the filibuster. Senator Barry Goldwater quietly asked Thurmond how much longer he could hold off using the restroom, to which he replied, "about another hour". Goldwater asked Thurmond to yield the floor to him for a few minutes, and Thurmond was able to use the restroom while Goldwater made an insertion to the Congressional Record. An aide had prepared a bucket in the Senate cloakroom for Thurmond to relieve himself if the need arose, but Thurmond did not end up using it. Thurmond's health had become an item of concern by the evening of the 29th among his aides and the Senate doctor George W. Calver, who threatened to personally remove him from the floor if senatorial staff could not convince Thurmond to end his speech.
During the filibuster, Thurmond sustained himself on diced pieces of pumpernickel bread and small pieces of ground steak. He also brought throat lozenges and malted milk tablets onto the floor with him in his pockets. Senator Paul Douglas of Illinois brought Thurmond a pitcher of orange juice as noon approached on the 29th, but a staffer quickly put it out of his reach after Thurmond had drunk a glass to reduce the likelihood of him needing to leave for a restroom.
Outcome and reception
The filibuster failed to prevent the passage of the bill, and further failed to change the vote whatsoever. The bill passed two hours after Thurmond finished speaking by a vote of 60–15, and was signed into law by President Eisenhower less than two weeks later. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first U.S. civil rights bill passed in 82 years.
Thurmond received significant criticism, even from Democrats who signed or were aligned with the goals of the Southern Manifesto, including Talmadge, Russell, and the Southern Caucus as a whole. Talmadge referred to the speech as a form of grandstanding, and Russell denounced it as "personal political aggrandizement". These senators had received several telegrams during Thurmond's speech encouraging them to assist Thurmond in his filibuster by relieving him, and Thurmond's staff received correspondence from hundreds of Southerners congratulating and encouraging him. Southern Democratic senators did not join the filibuster, despite its popularity among their constituents, because (as Russell put it) the South had already secured a compromise in the bill which would be jeopardized by a filibuster and there was not enough support to prevent a cloture vote anyway.
In 1964, Thurmond was involved in a second filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Later that year, he switched his affiliation to the Republican Party. The 1964 filibuster was carried out by a group of Southern senators and was only ended by a cloture vote. Thurmond was repeatedly elected and served in the Senate for 48 years, retiring in 2003 at the age of 100 as the oldest U.S. senator ever.
Modern reception
Although the filibuster did not use any "overtly racist language" according to The Washington Posts Gillian Brockell in 2021, it has been described as racist by the newspaper because the bill Thurmond filibustered against protected the right of African Americans to vote. In his 2012 biography of Thurmond, Strom Thurmond's America, Crespino noted the impact of Thurmond's filibuster and partial authorship of the Southern Manifesto, a document designed to unify the South against school integration, the previous year. He described these events as "[sealing] Thurmond's reputation as one of the South's last Confederates, a champion of white southerners' campaign of 'massive resistance to civil rights. He further argues that the filibuster was a way for Thurmond to uphold Southern ideas about white strength and endurance, while also burnishing his personal image of masculinity and health.
Notes
References
Print sources
1957 in American politics
85th United States Congress
Civil rights in the United States
Filibuster
Filibuster
United States Senate
August 1957 events in the United States
Anti-black racism in the United States |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var tape = require( 'tape' );
var objectKeys = require( '@stdlib/utils/keys' );
var negativeBinomial = require( './../lib' );
// TESTS //
tape( 'main export is an object', function test( t ) {
t.ok( true, __filename );
t.strictEqual( typeof negativeBinomial, 'object', 'main export is an object' );
t.end();
});
tape( 'the exported object contains negative binomial distribution functions', function test( t ) {
var keys = objectKeys( negativeBinomial );
t.equal( keys.length > 0, true, 'has keys' );
t.end();
});
``` |
Italo Gardoni (12 March 1821 – 26 March 1882) was a leading operatic tenore di grazia singer from Italy who enjoyed a major international career during the middle decades of the 19th century. Along with Giovanni Mario, Gaetano Fraschini, Enrico Tamberlik and Antonio Giuglini, he was one of the most celebrated Italian tenors of his era.
His voice was not large but it was exceptionally pure toned and sweet, lacking any disruptive vibrato. He sang legato passages with impressive smoothness but he could also dispatch florid music with flair and considerable agility.
Career
Born in Parma, Gardoni studied with Antonio De Cesari (1797–1853). He made his debut as Roberto Devereux (Donizetti) in Viadana in 1840, and over the following 7 years made his career in France, Italy and Germany. In Paris in December 1844 he was Bothwell in the Paris première of Louis Niedermeyer's opera Marie Stuart at the Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique opposite the soprano Rosine Stoltz, and was with her again there for the premiere of Michael Balfe's L'étoile de Seville in the following year. Gardoni knew and worked with Balfe, who composed items particularly for him. The limpidity and clarity of his voice, and his ravishing upper notes (no less than his youth, charm and elegance) were greatly admired in Paris: and if he was not ready for all the roles from the repertoires of Adolphe Nourrit and Gilbert Duprez, still (they thought) some Meyerbeer would have suited him well, not least Raoul in Les Huguenots. Gardoni continued to sing in Paris throughout his career.
England: Her Majesty's Theatre 1847–1852
In 1847 he went to London, where he performed regularly until 1874. Sought by rival impresarios in France and Italy, he was purchased from the Paris Opéra for Her Majesty's Theatre by Benjamin Lumley for 60,000 Francs, to compensate his public for the departure from their stage of Mario. Having been introduced through the Puzzi salon in Jermyn Street, his first London stage appearance was in February 1847 in La favorita with Mme Sanchioli: both his principal arias were encored with much enthusiasm for his vocal purity of taste and feeling. His histrionic powers were faultless, except that he lacked the force to portray bursts of passion.
There followed La sonnambula with Mme Castellan (the dramatic soprano who also partnered Lumley's tenore robusto Gaetano Fraschini), and I puritani and L'elisir d'amore (with Castellan and Luigi Lablache), and he rapidly became a great favourite. Gardoni took a minor role in Jenny Lind's London debut in Robert le diable, with Josef Staudigl, Fraschini, Castellan and others, in the presence of Queen Victoria: he partnered Lind in La sonnambula (and La figlia del reggimento?) soon afterwards. On 22 July 1847 he created the tenor role in Verdi's I masnadieri opposite Lind, Lablache and Filippo Coletti, the first two nights being under the composer's baton, and thereafter under Balfe's. At the salon of Henry Greville he was associated with Mario, Grisi, Pinsuti and others.
In the 1848 season he was Lumley's leading tenor. Il barbiere di Siviglia with Sophie Cruvelli and Belletti was followed by the London premiere of Verdi's Attila, with Cruvelli, Velletti and Cuzzani. He sang Gennaro to Cruvelli's Lucrezia Borgia. Sims Reeves, then attempting to establish his own place on the Italian dramatic stage in London, agreed with Lumley to appear in the lesser role of Carlo in Linda di Chamounix (supporting Eugenia Tadolini) in the hope of playing Edgardo in Lucia di Lammermoor, Percy in Anna Bolena and Arturo in I puritani, which were billed for the (sensational) return of Jenny Lind. But Gardoni was cast as Edgardo, and Reeves severed his engagements. There was a cry of 'Sims Reeves' from the gallery as Gardoni sang Edgardo's first cavatina on the opening night. The situation probably arose through Lind expressing a preference for Gardoni as her partner: obligingly he also stepped in as Carlo. Gardoni now sang Roberto for Lind, but was thought not up to the part. But at her final performance at Her Majesty's, in Robert le diable on 10 May 1849 (before a royal and distinguished audience), Gardoni led Jenny Lind onto the stage to receive her rapturous applause.
After a winter season in St Petersburg, in 1850 he reappeared with Parodi and Frezzolini in a revival of I Capuleti e i Montecchi (as Tebaldo), and pleased his audience by disproving a false report of his death. June 1850 saw a première of Halévy's La tempesta in which as Fernando he partnered Sontag's Miranda, Carlotta Grisi's Ariel, Colini's Prospero and the celebrated impersonation of Caliban by Lablache, directed by Balfe.
Gardoni and the star contralto Marietta Alboni were the lead soloists, in the presence of Queen Isabella II, in the 1850 inaugural performance of La favorita at the Teatro Real in Madrid.
1851 renewed Gardoni's Gennaro in Lucrezia Borgia. A novelty première, Giulio Alary's Le tre nozze, with Henriette Sontag and Lablache, preceded the more significant L'enfant prodigue of Auber with Sontag, Massol and Coletti. He was with Cruvelli again for a special performance of Balfe's opera I quattro figli. When Reeves and Cruvelli sang Fidelio in 1851, Gardoni led the hand-picked soloists forming the chorus of prisoners on the first night. In Lumley's operatic concerts, also, Reeves, Gardoni and Calzolari formed a 'three tenors' trio for Curschmann's Evviva Baccho, and took part in a triplicated version of Martini's trio Don't tickle me, I pray with Henriette Sontag, Sophie Cruvelli and Jenny Duprez as soprani, and three bassi including Lablache. He continued to sing for Lumley through his crisis months of early 1852, and gave a Norma with Cruvelli and Lablache: but after Cruvelli's defection he, too, slipped away from Lumley's Company. In 1852 he was with Reeves, Pauline Viardot-Garcia, Louisa Pyne, Charlotte Sainton-Dolby and Karl Formes in first oratorio performances of Dr Bexfield's Israel Restored and Hugh Pearson's Jerusalem at the Norwich Festival.
England 1854–1872
In 1855, when Michael Costa produced his oratorio Eli in the Birmingham Festival, with Viardot, Castellan, Reeves and Formes, Gardoni was in the audience with Mario and Enrico Tamberlik, and afterwards they went in a group to pay Reeves a large compliment. Gardoni himself appeared in Rossini's opera Il conte Ory with Constance Nantier-Didiée and Angiolina Bosio, an 'exquisite' combination of voices. In 1857 he participated in the second Lyceum season (while the new Covent Garden theatre was awaited). H. F. Chorley praised his performance of Auber's Fra Diavolo, with Angiolina Bosio, Mlle Marai, Giorgio Ronconi and Pietro Neri-Baraldi, with Joseph Tagliafico and Charles Zelger as the Brigands.
During the later 1850s Gardoni appeared often at Covent Garden, including performances of Alfredo in La traviata for Michael Costa in 1858 and 1859. After Meyerbeer had re-drafted his Ein Feldlager in Schlesien for Paris as L'étoile du nord (1854), an Italian version was presented for the British premiere, at Covent Garden. For this, Meyerbeer added the Act 1 polonaise and the romanza Disperso il crin sul mesto sen for Gardoni in the role of Danilowitz. Gardoni also took the role of Corentin in the British premiere of Meyerbeer's Dinorah (Le pardon), at Covent Garden, in 1859, in which Chorley praised his 'peasant poltroonery'.
In autumn 1864, when the mentally unstable rival tenor Antonio Giuglini took up his doomed St Petersburg engagement, Gardoni joined Mapleson's autumn operatic touring party as principal tenor. (Gardoni had been one of Mapleson's vocal instructors.) Charles Santley called him 'a fine singer, and a much better actor than he generally had credit for. He was a very good Faust and Sir Huon, though the music of the latter did not suit him. In Mireille he was excellent... His voice was pure: he was a handsome man, and in parts which suited him an excellent actor. (He) could sing any kind of music, cantabile or florid.' Santley thought him in many ways the superior of Guiglini.
His 1865 Faust was with Thérèse Tietjens, Zélia Trebelli, Junca and Santley. In the 1866 season at Her Majesty's, he sang Pilade in a magnificent staging of Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride, opposite Tietjens (Iphigenia), Santley (Oreste) and Édouard Gassier (Thoas) – in which the soloists 'surpassed themselves': also he renewed his Corentin (Dinorah), with Ilma de Murska and Santley (Hoel), greatly to Mapleson's satisfaction. In 1867 he was Ottavio in the Don Giovanni with Christina Nilsson, Tietjens, Sinico, Gassier (the Don) and Santley (Leporello), and his Corentino was repeated.
Gardoni remained with Mapleson, and in Robert le Diable in 1872 he was Rambaldo to Christine Nilsson's Alice, Pietro Mongini's Roberto, Signor Foli's Bertramo and de Murska's Isabella
France
In March 1864 Gardoni was a soloist in the first performance of Rossini's Petite messe solennelle, with Carlotta and Barbara Marchisio and Luigi Agnesi (Louis Agniez).
Gardoni married the daughter of baritone Antonio Tamburini and (his wife) the soprano Marietta Goja. He died in Paris.
Vocal character
In 1869 Gardoni published a set of vocal exercises under the title:
15 Vocalises calculés sur la formation du style moderne et le perfectionnement de l'art du Chant, av. Pfte. (Mainz, Schott) (4 Fl. 12 Xr.)
The old entry from the Dictionary of Music and Musicians called him a 'tenore di grazia':'Italo Gardoni possessed what might be called only a moderate voice, but so well, so easily and naturally produced, that it was heard almost to the same advantage in a theatre as in a room. This was especially noticeable when he sang the part of Florestan, in Fidelio, at Covent Garden, after an absence of some duration from the stage. The unaffected grace of his style rendered him as perfect a model for vocal artists as could well be found.
References
Notes
Sources
Rosenthal, Harold and Warrack, John, (Eds.), Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera London: Oxford University Press, 1974 printing
Ferris, George T., Great Singers: Vol I: Faustina Bordoni to Henrietta Sontag; Vol. II: Malibran to Titiens. New York: D Appleton and Co., 1888
External links
New York Times 14 May 1882: Notice of Gardoni's death from the London World.
1821 births
1882 deaths
Musicians from Parma
Italian operatic tenors
19th-century Italian male opera singers |
Chernihiv bombing may refer to:
3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing
16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack
August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike |
```shell
How to unstage a staged file
Limiting log output by time
Search for commits by author
Check the status of your files
Remote repositories: fetching and pushing
``` |
Arthur Edward Spector (nicknamed "Speed"; 17 October 1920 – 18 June 1987) was an American basketball player. He played as a forward for the Boston Celtics from 1946 to 1950.
Biography
Spector was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and West Philadelphia was his hometown. He was Jewish. His grandson is American former soccer player Jonathan Spector.
Spector attended and played basketball first at West Philadelphia High School where he was team captain. He then played basketball at Villanova University, from which he graduated in 1941.
He was the first player ever to be signed by the Boston Celtics. Later, he was a scout for the Celtics. He played as a forward for the Celtics from 1946 to 1950.
He lived later in Newtown, Connecticut.
BAA/NBA career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
References
External links
Profile at NBA.com
1920 births
1987 deaths
Boston Celtics assistant coaches
Boston Celtics players
Forwards (basketball)
Jewish men's basketball players
Villanova Wildcats men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Philadelphia
West Philadelphia High School alumni |
Kotipelto is a Finnish power metal self-named band by Timo Kotipelto, created during a hiatus in activity for power metal band Stratovarius. Kotipelto has been commercially well received in their native Finland, with a top 10 single "Beginning" from his first release Waiting for the Dawn, and lyrics often concentrating on ancient Egyptian themes.
Discography
Albums
2002: Waiting for the Dawn
2004: Coldness
2007: Serenity
Singles
2002: "Beginning"
2004: "Reasons"
2004: "Take Me Away"
2006: "Sleep Well"
Members
Timo Kotipelto
Guest musicians
On Waiting for the Dawn
Michael Romeo – guitars
Roland Grapow – guitars
Jari Kainulainen – bass
Sami Virtanen – guitar
Mikko Härkin – keyboard
Janne Wirman – keyboards
Mirka Rantanen – drums
Gas Lipstick – drums
On Coldness
Michael Romeo – guitars
Jari Kainulainen – bass
Janne Wirman – keyboards
Mirka Rantanen – drums
Juhani Malmberg – guitars
On Serenity
Tuomas Wäinölä – guitars
Lauri Porra – bass
Janne Wirman – keyboards
Mirka Rantanen – drums
See also
Stratovarius
External links
Kotipelto's website
Finnish power metal musical groups
Heavy metal supergroups
Century Media Records artists
Musical groups established in 2001
Candlelight Records artists |
```go
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
package replicator
import (
dconfig "github.com/uber/cherami-server/common/dconfigclient"
)
const (
ukeyAuthoritativeZone = "replicator.AuthoritativeZone"
)
func (r *Replicator) registerUconfig() {
handlerMap := make(map[string]dconfig.Handler)
handlerMap[ukeyAuthoritativeZone] = dconfig.GenerateStringHandler(ukeyAuthoritativeZone, r.setAuthoritativeZone, r.getAuthoritativeZone)
r.uconfigClient.AddHandlers(handlerMap)
}
func (r *Replicator) loadUconfig() {
valueUcfg, ok := r.uconfigClient.GetOrDefault(ukeyAuthoritativeZone, r.defaultAuthoritativeZone).(string)
if ok {
r.setAuthoritativeZone(string(valueUcfg))
r.logger.WithField(ukeyAuthoritativeZone, valueUcfg).Info(`Update the uconfig value`)
} else {
r.logger.WithField(ukeyAuthoritativeZone, valueUcfg).Error(`Cannot get value from uconfig`)
}
}
func (r *Replicator) dynamicConfigManage() {
r.uconfigClient.Refresh()
r.loadUconfig()
r.registerUconfig()
r.uconfigClient.StartBackGroundRefresh()
}
``` |
Creocele cardinalis, the broad clingfish, is a species of clingfish found on the southern coast of Australia.
Description
This species grows to a length of TL. The colour is generally greenish with markings of darker brown. The head has a distinctly flattened appearance.
References
External links
Gobiesocidae
Fish of Victoria (state)
Marine fish of Tasmania
Taxa named by Edward Pierson Ramsay
Fish described in 1882 |
Myctophum orientale, the Oriental lanternfish, is a species of lanternfish. The Oriental Lanternfish is native to deep waters.
References
External links
Myctophidae
Taxa named by Charles Henry Gilbert
Fish described in 1913 |
Angry is the adjective derived from the emotion of anger.
Angry may also refer to:
"Angry" (The Rolling Stones song), 2023
"Angry" (Mars Argo song), 2022
"Angry" (1925 song)
"Angry" (Matchbox Twenty song), 2000
"Angry", a song by Billy Squier from his 1993 album Tell the Truth
"Angry", a song by Quiet Riot from their 1999 album Alive and Well
People with the surname
Raymond Angry, American keyboardist, record producer and composer
See also
Anger (disambiguation) |
Amalda lactea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae.
Description
Distribution
References
lactea
Gastropods described in 1960 |
Kałęczyn may refer to:
Kałęczyn, Ciechanów County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kałęczyn, Grodzisk Mazowiecki County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kałęczyn, Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)
Kałęczyn, Maków County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kałęczyn, Ostrów Mazowiecka County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kałęczyn, Pułtusk County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kałęczyn, Węgrów County in Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)
Kałęczyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland) |
Autovehicul Blindat pentru Intervenție (ABI, "Armored Vehicle for Intervention") was a Romanian armored car based on the chassis of the ARO 240 off-road vehicle. Intended for escort and counterinsurgency missions, the ABI armored vehicle was manufactured by Automecanica Moreni. The export variant was known as AM 100 ALG.
History
Development
In June 1978, the Romanian government expressed their desire to have an armored car based on the ARO 240 vehicle that was equipped with a machine gun. It was to be supplied to airport security units. A prototype was completed by the end of the year. On May 27, 1979, Nicolae Ceausescu ordered the manufacture of a batch of armored vehicles to parade at the August 23 military parade. The armored car, known as the ABI, was also presented to the Romanian Army, but it was rejected and solely used for airport security. 17 ABIs made their appearances in the military parade on August 23, 1979.
Service
ABI vehicles were used during the Romanian Revolution of 1989 , when they were involved in several notable incidents, such as the massacre by USLA troops in front of the Ministry of Defense headquarters.
Design and specifications
ABI was built on the chassis used by the ARO 240. The armor was made of welded steel plates, 4-10 mm thick, and provided protection only against small caliber bullets and splinters. The armored vehicle was vulnerable to 7.62 mm perforated cartridges.
The driver was seated on the left at the front of the vehicle, and the commander was on the right. The commander had two firing ports at his disposal. One firing port was to the right of the windscreen and the other was a window in front of him. The driver had only one window to fire inside the vehicle. The windshield and left door window were bulletproof. The windows could be additionally protected with folding armor plates, without visible slots. If the windows were covered, the commander and the driver used the six periscopes to see outside. The rear soldiers had four firing ports at their disposal to shoot: two in the rear doors and one in the sides. To see the outside, the soldiers used two observation slots and two periscopes. The turret was equipped with a 7.62 mm PK machine gun.
Variants
AM 100 ALG: Export version for Algeria equipped with a Bulgarian VAMO Model D 3900 A engine, providing 82.5 hp and maximum road speed of 100 km/h.
AM 100 Armoured Off Road Vehicle: A marketed version with infra-red searchlights and a white light searchlight.
Operators
: 10 vehicles were delivered in 1987 for use by the police.
: 5 were delivered in October 1986 and paraded at the military parade in Monrovia on November 16, 1986.
References
Bibliography
Armoured fighting vehicles of Romania
Armoured cars
ARO vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s |
```objective-c
/* ftypes.h
* Definitions for field types
*
* $Id: ftypes.h 32724 2010-05-08 16:12:29Z wmeier $
*
* Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer
* By Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*/
#ifndef FTYPES_H
#define FTYPES_H
#include <glib.h>
#include "../slab.h"
/* field types */
enum ftenum {
FT_NONE, /* used for text labels with no value */
FT_PROTOCOL,
FT_BOOLEAN, /* TRUE and FALSE come from <glib.h> */
FT_UINT8,
FT_UINT16,
FT_UINT24, /* really a UINT32, but displayed as 3 hex-digits if FD_HEX*/
FT_UINT32,
FT_UINT64,
FT_INT8,
FT_INT16,
FT_INT24, /* same as for UINT24 */
FT_INT32,
FT_INT64,
FT_FLOAT,
FT_DOUBLE,
FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME,
FT_RELATIVE_TIME,
FT_STRING,
FT_STRINGZ, /* for use with proto_tree_add_item() */
FT_EBCDIC, /* for use with proto_tree_add_item() */
FT_UINT_STRING, /* for use with proto_tree_add_item() */
/*FT_UCS2_LE, */ /* Unicode, 2 byte, Little Endian */
FT_ETHER,
FT_BYTES,
FT_UINT_BYTES,
FT_IPv4,
FT_IPv6,
FT_IPXNET,
FT_FRAMENUM, /* a UINT32, but if selected lets you go to frame with that number */
FT_PCRE, /* a compiled Perl-Compatible Regular Expression object */
FT_GUID, /* GUID, UUID */
FT_OID, /* OBJECT IDENTIFIER */
FT_NUM_TYPES /* last item number plus one */
};
#define IS_FT_INT(ft) ((ft)==FT_INT8||(ft)==FT_INT16||(ft)==FT_INT24||(ft)==FT_INT32||(ft)==FT_INT64)
#define IS_FT_UINT(ft) ((ft)==FT_UINT8||(ft)==FT_UINT16||(ft)==FT_UINT24||(ft)==FT_UINT32||(ft)==FT_UINT64||(ft)==FT_FRAMENUM)
#define IS_FT_TIME(ft) ((ft)==FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME||(ft)==FT_RELATIVE_TIME)
#define IS_FT_STRING(ft) ((ft)==FT_STRING||(ft)==FT_STRINGZ)
/* field types lengths */
#define FT_ETHER_LEN 6
#define FT_GUID_LEN 16
#define FT_IPv4_LEN 4
#define FT_IPv6_LEN 16
#define FT_IPXNET_LEN 4
typedef enum ftenum ftenum_t;
typedef struct _ftype_t ftype_t;
/* String representation types. */
enum ftrepr {
FTREPR_DISPLAY,
FTREPR_DFILTER
};
typedef enum ftrepr ftrepr_t;
#ifdef HAVE_LIBPCRE
typedef struct _pcre_tuple_t pcre_tuple_t;
#endif /* HAVE_LIBPCRE */
/* Initialize the ftypes subsytem. Called once. */
void
ftypes_initialize(void);
/* ---------------- FTYPE ----------------- */
/* Return a string representing the name of the type */
const char*
ftype_name(ftenum_t ftype);
/* Return a string presenting a "pretty" representation of the
* name of the type. The pretty name means more to the user than
* that "FT_*" name. */
const char*
ftype_pretty_name(ftenum_t ftype);
/* Returns length of field in packet, or 0 if not determinable/defined. */
int
ftype_length(ftenum_t ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_slice(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_eq(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_ne(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_gt(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_ge(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_lt(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_le(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_bitwise_and(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_contains(enum ftenum ftype);
gboolean
ftype_can_matches(enum ftenum ftype);
/* ---------------- FVALUE ----------------- */
#include <epan/ipv4.h>
#include <epan/guid-utils.h>
#include <epan/tvbuff.h>
#include <epan/nstime.h>
#include <epan/dfilter/drange.h>
typedef struct _fvalue_t {
ftype_t *ftype;
union {
/* Put a few basic types in here */
guint32 uinteger;
gint32 sinteger;
guint64 integer64;
gdouble floating;
gchar *string;
guchar *ustring;
GByteArray *bytes;
ipv4_addr ipv4;
e_guid_t guid;
nstime_t time;
tvbuff_t *tvb;
#ifdef HAVE_LIBPCRE
pcre_tuple_t *re;
#elif GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2,14,0) /* Try falling back to GRegex. */
GRegex *re;
#endif /* HAVE_LIBPCRE */
} value;
/* The following is provided for private use
* by the fvalue. */
gboolean fvalue_gboolean1;
} fvalue_t;
typedef void (*FvalueNewFunc)(fvalue_t*);
typedef void (*FvalueFreeFunc)(fvalue_t*);
typedef void (*LogFunc)(const char*,...);
typedef gboolean (*FvalueFromUnparsed)(fvalue_t*, char*, gboolean, LogFunc);
typedef gboolean (*FvalueFromString)(fvalue_t*, char*, LogFunc);
typedef void (*FvalueToStringRepr)(fvalue_t*, ftrepr_t, char*);
typedef int (*FvalueStringReprLen)(fvalue_t*, ftrepr_t);
typedef void (*FvalueSetFunc)(fvalue_t*, gpointer, gboolean);
typedef void (*FvalueSetUnsignedIntegerFunc)(fvalue_t*, guint32);
typedef void (*FvalueSetSignedIntegerFunc)(fvalue_t*, gint32);
typedef void (*FvalueSetInteger64Func)(fvalue_t*, guint64);
typedef void (*FvalueSetFloatingFunc)(fvalue_t*, gdouble);
typedef gpointer (*FvalueGetFunc)(fvalue_t*);
typedef guint32 (*FvalueGetUnsignedIntegerFunc)(fvalue_t*);
typedef gint32 (*FvalueGetSignedIntegerFunc)(fvalue_t*);
typedef guint64 (*FvalueGetInteger64Func)(fvalue_t*);
typedef double (*FvalueGetFloatingFunc)(fvalue_t*);
typedef gboolean (*FvalueCmp)(fvalue_t*, fvalue_t*);
typedef guint (*FvalueLen)(fvalue_t*);
typedef void (*FvalueSlice)(fvalue_t*, GByteArray *, guint offset, guint length);
struct _ftype_t {
ftenum_t ftype;
const char *name;
const char *pretty_name;
int wire_size;
FvalueNewFunc new_value;
FvalueFreeFunc free_value;
FvalueFromUnparsed val_from_unparsed;
FvalueFromString val_from_string;
FvalueToStringRepr val_to_string_repr;
FvalueStringReprLen len_string_repr;
/* could be union */
FvalueSetFunc set_value;
FvalueSetUnsignedIntegerFunc set_value_uinteger;
FvalueSetSignedIntegerFunc set_value_sinteger;
FvalueSetInteger64Func set_value_integer64;
FvalueSetFloatingFunc set_value_floating;
/* could be union */
FvalueGetFunc get_value;
FvalueGetUnsignedIntegerFunc get_value_uinteger;
FvalueGetSignedIntegerFunc get_value_sinteger;
FvalueGetInteger64Func get_value_integer64;
FvalueGetFloatingFunc get_value_floating;
FvalueCmp cmp_eq;
FvalueCmp cmp_ne;
FvalueCmp cmp_gt;
FvalueCmp cmp_ge;
FvalueCmp cmp_lt;
FvalueCmp cmp_le;
FvalueCmp cmp_bitwise_and;
FvalueCmp cmp_contains;
FvalueCmp cmp_matches;
FvalueLen len;
FvalueSlice slice;
};
fvalue_t*
fvalue_new(ftenum_t ftype);
void
fvalue_init(fvalue_t *fv, ftenum_t ftype);
/* Define type needed for the fvalue_t free list. */
SLAB_ITEM_TYPE_DEFINE(fvalue_t)
/* Free all memory used by an fvalue_t. With MSVC and a
* libwireshark.dll, we need a special declaration.
*/
WS_VAR_IMPORT SLAB_FREE_LIST_DECLARE(fvalue_t)
#define FVALUE_CLEANUP(fv) \
{ \
register FvalueFreeFunc free_value; \
free_value = (fv)->ftype->free_value; \
if (free_value) { \
free_value((fv)); \
} \
}
#define FVALUE_FREE(fv) \
{ \
FVALUE_CLEANUP(fv) \
SLAB_FREE(fv, fvalue_t); \
}
fvalue_t*
fvalue_from_unparsed(ftenum_t ftype, char *s, gboolean allow_partial_value, LogFunc logfunc);
fvalue_t*
fvalue_from_string(ftenum_t ftype, char *s, LogFunc logfunc);
/* Returns the length of the string required to hold the
* string representation of the the field value.
*
* Returns -1 if the string cannot be represented in the given rtype.
*
* The length DOES NOT include the terminating NUL. */
int
fvalue_string_repr_len(fvalue_t *fv, ftrepr_t rtype);
/* Creates the string representation of the field value.
* If given non-NULL 'buf', the string is written at the memory
* location pointed to by 'buf'. If 'buf' is NULL, new memory
* is malloc'ed and the string representation is written there.
* The pointer to the beginning of the string representation is
* returned. If 'buf' was NULL, this points to the newly-allocated
* memory. if 'buf' was non-NULL, then the return value will be
* 'buf'.
*
* Returns NULL if the string cannot be represented in the given rtype.*/
extern char *
fvalue_to_string_repr(fvalue_t *fv, ftrepr_t rtype, char *buf);
ftype_t*
fvalue_ftype(fvalue_t *fv);
const char*
fvalue_type_name(fvalue_t *fv);
void
fvalue_set(fvalue_t *fv, gpointer value, gboolean already_copied);
void
fvalue_set_uinteger(fvalue_t *fv, guint32 value);
void
fvalue_set_sinteger(fvalue_t *fv, gint32 value);
void
fvalue_set_integer64(fvalue_t *fv, guint64 value);
void
fvalue_set_floating(fvalue_t *fv, gdouble value);
gpointer
fvalue_get(fvalue_t *fv);
extern guint32
fvalue_get_uinteger(fvalue_t *fv);
extern gint32
fvalue_get_sinteger(fvalue_t *fv);
guint64
fvalue_get_integer64(fvalue_t *fv);
extern double
fvalue_get_floating(fvalue_t *fv);
gboolean
fvalue_eq(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_ne(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_gt(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_ge(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_lt(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_le(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_bitwise_and(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_contains(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
gboolean
fvalue_matches(fvalue_t *a, fvalue_t *b);
guint
fvalue_length(fvalue_t *fv);
fvalue_t*
fvalue_slice(fvalue_t *fv, drange *dr);
#endif /* ftypes.h */
``` |
France–Norway relations are foreign relations between France and Norway.
Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1905, after Norway's independence. Both countries are full members of NATO, and of the Council of Europe. There are around 2,000 Norwegian people living in France and around 3,571 French people living in Norway.
Both nations have Territorial claims in Antarctica, and mutually recognise each other's claims, as well as those from the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia.
There is also a Franco-Norwegian chamber of commerce.
Education
There are two French international schools in Norway:
Lycée Français René Cassin d'Oslo
Lycée Français de Stavanger
Resident diplomatic missions
France has an embassy in Oslo.
Norway has an embassy in Paris.
See also
Foreign relations of France
Foreign relations of Norway
References
Norway
Bilateral relations of Norway |
Larderello is a frazione of the comune of Pomarance, in Tuscany in central Italy, renowned for its geothermal productivity.
Geography
The region of Larderello has experienced occasional phreatic eruptions, caused by explosive outbursts of steam trapped below the surface. The water is contained in metamorphic rocks where it is turned to steam which is then trapped beneath a dome of impermeable shales and clay. The steam escapes through faults in the dome and forces its way out in the hot springs. It possesses a dozen explosion craters 30–250 m in diameter. The largest is the Lago Vecchienna crater which last erupted around 1282, now filled by the Boracifero Lake.
Larderello now produces 10% of the world's entire supply of geothermal electricity, amounting to 4,800 GWh per year and powering about a million Italian households. Its geology makes it uniquely conducive to geothermal power production, with hot granite rocks lying unusually close to the surface, producing steam as hot as 202 °C (396 °F).
Contrary to popular belief, Larderello is not a volcano as no eruptions of magma had occurred there at any point in history.
History
The region was known from ancient times for its exceptionally hot springs. The Romans used its sulphur springs for bathing.
During the 19th century it became one of the first places in the world where geothermal energy was exploited to support industry. In 1827, François Jacques de Larderel, a Frenchman, invented a way of extracting boric acid from the mud by using steam to heat cauldrons to separate the two. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany was an enthusiastic supporter of Larderel's scheme and awarded him the title of Count of Montecerboli a decade later. A town, named Larderello in honour of Larderel's work, was founded to house the workers in the boric acid production factory.
The region was the site of a pioneering experiment in the production of energy from geothermal sources in 1904, when five light bulbs were lit by electricity produced through steam emerging from vents in the ground - the first ever practical demonstration of geothermal power.
Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904, at the Larderello dry steam field in Italy. It was a small generator that lit four light bulbs. In 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built in the Valle del Diavolo ("Devil's Valley"), named for the boiling water that rises there. It was the world's only industrial producer of geothermal electricity until 1958, when New Zealand built a plant of its own in Wairakei. In recent years concerns have been expressed about the sustainability of its steam supply, as a 30% drop in steam pressure levels has been recorded from the maximum levels of the 1950s.
References
Sources
External links
"Steaming Forward", Time magazine, June 16, 2003
Frazioni of the Province of Pisa
Geological type localities
Geothermal power stations in Italy
Geysers of Italy
Hot springs of Italy
Volcanic crater lakes
Volcanoes of Italy |
```go
package mock
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"github.com/qri-io/dataset"
"github.com/qri-io/qfs"
testkeys "github.com/qri-io/qri/auth/key/test"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/base/dsfs"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/dsref"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/event"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/logbook"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/logbook/oplog"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/p2p"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/profile"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/remote"
"github.com/qri-io/qri/repo"
repotest "github.com/qri-io/qri/repo/test"
)
// ErrNotImplemented is returned for methods that are not implemented
var ErrNotImplemented = fmt.Errorf("not implemented")
// OtherPeer represents another peer which the Client connects to
type OtherPeer struct {
keyData *testkeys.KeyData
repoRoot *repotest.TempRepo
book *logbook.Book
resolver map[string]string
dscache map[string]string
}
// Client is a remote client suitable for tests
type Client struct {
node *p2p.QriNode
pub event.Publisher
otherPeers map[string]*OtherPeer
doneCh chan struct{}
doneErr error
shutdown context.CancelFunc
}
var _ remote.Client = (*Client)(nil)
// NewClient returns a mock remote client. context passed to NewClient
// MUST use the `Shutdown` method or cancel externally for proper cleanup
func NewClient(ctx context.Context, node *p2p.QriNode, pub event.Publisher) (c remote.Client, err error) {
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
cli := &Client{
pub: pub,
node: node,
otherPeers: map[string]*OtherPeer{},
doneCh: make(chan struct{}),
shutdown: cancel,
}
go func() {
<-ctx.Done()
// TODO (b5) - return an error here if client is in the process of pulling anything
cli.doneErr = ctx.Err()
close(cli.doneCh)
}()
return cli, nil
}
// Feeds is not implemented
func (c *Client) Feeds(ctx context.Context, remoteAddr string) (map[string][]dsref.VersionInfo, error) {
return nil, ErrNotImplemented
}
// Feed is not implemented
func (c *Client) Feed(ctx context.Context, remoteAddr, feedName string, page, pageSize int) ([]dsref.VersionInfo, error) {
return nil, ErrNotImplemented
}
// PreviewDatasetVersion is not implemented
func (c *Client) PreviewDatasetVersion(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) (*dataset.Dataset, error) {
return nil, ErrNotImplemented
}
// FetchLogs is not implemented
func (c *Client) FetchLogs(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) (*oplog.Log, error) {
return nil, ErrNotImplemented
}
// NewRemoteRefResolver mocks a ref resolver off a foreign logbook
func (c *Client) NewRemoteRefResolver(addr string) dsref.Resolver {
// TODO(b5) - switch based on address input? it would make for a better mock
return &writeOnResolver{c: c}
}
// writeOnResolver creates dataset histories on the fly when
// ResolveRef is called, storing them for future
type writeOnResolver struct {
c *Client
}
func (r *writeOnResolver) ResolveRef(ctx context.Context, ref *dsref.Ref) (string, error) {
return "", r.c.createTheirDataset(ctx, ref)
}
// PushDataset is not implemented
func (c *Client) PushDataset(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) error {
return ErrNotImplemented
}
// RemoveDataset is not implemented
func (c *Client) RemoveDataset(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) error {
return ErrNotImplemented
}
// RemoveDatasetVersion is not implemented
func (c *Client) RemoveDatasetVersion(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) error {
return ErrNotImplemented
}
// PullDataset adds a reference to a dataset using test peer info
func (c *Client) PullDataset(ctx context.Context, ref *dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) (*dataset.Dataset, error) {
// Create the dataset on the foreign side.
if err := c.createTheirDataset(ctx, ref); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Get the logs for that dataset, merge them into our own.
if err := c.pullLogs(ctx, *ref, remoteAddr); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Put the dataset into our repo as well
vi, err := c.mockDagSync(ctx, *ref)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ds, err := dsfs.LoadDataset(ctx, c.node.Repo.Filesystem(), vi.Path)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
info := dsref.ConvertDatasetToVersionInfo(ds)
info.InitID = ref.InitID
info.Username = ref.Username
info.Name = ref.Name
info.ProfileID = ref.ProfileID
if err := c.pub.Publish(ctx, event.ETDatasetPulled, info); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return ds, err
}
func (c *Client) createTheirDataset(ctx context.Context, ref *dsref.Ref) error {
other := c.otherPeer(ref.Username)
// Check if the dataset already exists
if initID, exists := other.resolver[ref.Human()]; exists {
if dsPath, ok := other.dscache[initID]; ok {
ref.InitID = initID
ref.ProfileID = other.keyData.EncodedPeerID
ref.Path = dsPath
return nil
}
}
// TODO(dlong): HACK: This mockClient adds dataset to the *local* IPFS repo, instead
// of the *foreign* IPFS repo. This is because there's no easy way to copy blocks
// from one repo to another in tests. For now, this behavior works okay for our
// existing tests, but will break if we need a test the expects different blocks to
// exist on our repo versus theirs. The pull command is still doing useful work,
// since the mockClient is producing different logbook and refstore info on each peer.
// To fix this, create the dataset in the other.repoRoot.Repo.store instead, and
// then down in mockDagSync copy the IPFS blocks from that store to the local store.
fs := c.node.Repo.Filesystem()
// Construct a simple dataset
ds := dataset.Dataset{
Commit: &dataset.Commit{},
Structure: &dataset.Structure{
Format: "json",
Schema: dataset.BaseSchemaObject,
},
BodyBytes: []byte("{}"),
}
err := ds.OpenBodyFile(ctx, fs)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Allocate an initID for this dataset
ref.InitID, err = other.book.WriteDatasetInit(ctx, other.book.Owner(), ref.Name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Store with dsfs
sw := dsfs.SaveSwitches{}
path, err := dsfs.CreateDataset(ctx, fs, fs.DefaultWriteFS(), event.NilBus, &ds, nil, other.keyData.PrivKey, sw)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Save the IPFS path with our fake refstore
other.resolver[ref.Human()] = ref.InitID
other.dscache[ref.InitID] = path
ref.ProfileID = other.keyData.EncodedPeerID
ref.Path = path
// Add a save operation to logbook
ds.ID = ref.InitID
err = other.book.WriteVersionSave(ctx, other.book.Owner(), &ds, nil)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (c *Client) otherPeer(username string) *OtherPeer {
other, ok := c.otherPeers[username]
if !ok {
// Get test peer info, skipping 0th peer because many tests already use that one
i := len(c.otherPeers) + 1
kd := testkeys.GetKeyData(i)
// Construct a tempRepo to hold IPFS data (not used, see HACK note above).
tempRepo, err := repotest.NewTempRepoFixedProfileID(username, "")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// Construct logbook
fs, err := qfs.NewMemFilesystem(context.Background(), nil)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
pro, err := profile.NewSparsePKProfile(username, kd.PrivKey)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
book, err := logbook.NewJournal(*pro, event.NilBus, fs, "logbook.qfb")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// Other peer represents a peer with the given username
other = &OtherPeer{
resolver: map[string]string{},
dscache: map[string]string{},
keyData: kd,
repoRoot: &tempRepo,
book: book,
}
c.otherPeers[username] = other
}
return other
}
// pullLogs creates a log from a temp logbook, and merges those into the
// client's logbook
func (c *Client) pullLogs(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) error {
// Get other peer to retrieve its logbook
other := c.otherPeer(ref.Username)
theirBook := other.book
theirLog, err := theirBook.UserDatasetBranchesLog(ctx, ref.InitID)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Merge their logbook into ours
if err = theirLog.Sign(theirBook.Owner().PrivKey); err != nil {
return err
}
return c.node.Repo.Logbook().MergeLog(ctx, theirBook.Owner().PrivKey.GetPublic(), theirLog)
}
// mockDagSync immitates a dagsync, pulling a dataset from a peer, and saving it with our refs
func (c *Client) mockDagSync(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref) (*dsref.VersionInfo, error) {
other := c.otherPeer(ref.Username)
// Resolve the ref using the other peer's information
initID := other.resolver[ref.Human()]
dsPath := other.dscache[initID]
// TODO(dustmop): HACK: Because we created the dataset to our own IPFS repo, there's no
// need to copy the blocks. We should instead have added them to other.repoRoot, and here
// copy the blocks to our own repo.
// Add to our repository
vi := dsref.VersionInfo{
InitID: initID,
Path: dsPath,
ProfileID: ref.ProfileID,
Username: ref.Username,
Name: ref.Name,
}
if err := repo.PutVersionInfoShim(ctx, c.node.Repo, &vi); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &vi, nil
}
// PushLogs is not implemented
func (c *Client) PushLogs(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) error {
return ErrNotImplemented
}
// PullDatasetVersion is not implemented
func (c *Client) PullDatasetVersion(ctx context.Context, ref *dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) error {
return ErrNotImplemented
}
// RemoveLogs is not implemented
func (c *Client) RemoveLogs(ctx context.Context, ref dsref.Ref, remoteAddr string) error {
return ErrNotImplemented
}
// Done returns a channel that the client will send on when finished closing
func (c *Client) Done() <-chan struct{} {
return c.doneCh
}
// DoneErr gives an error that occurred during the shutdown process
func (c *Client) DoneErr() error {
return c.doneErr
}
// Shutdown allows you to close the client before the parent context closes
func (c *Client) Shutdown() <-chan struct{} {
c.shutdown()
return c.Done()
}
``` |
The 32nd People's Choice Awards, honoring the best in popular culture for 2005, were held on January 10, 2006 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. They were hosted by Craig Ferguson and broadcast on CBS.
Awards
Winners are listed first, in bold. Other nominees are in alphabetical order.
References
External links
People's Choice.com
People's Choice Awards
2005 awards in the United States
2006 in Los Angeles
January 2006 events in the United States |
```scala
package com.wavesplatform.crypto
import org.bouncycastle.crypto.Digest
private[crypto] abstract class BCDigest(initial: () => Digest, digestSize: Int) {
protected val digest: ThreadLocal[Digest] = new ThreadLocal[Digest] {
override def initialValue(): Digest = initial()
}
def hash(message: Array[Byte]): Array[Byte] = {
val d = digest.get()
d.update(message, 0, message.length)
val result = new Array[Byte](digestSize)
d.doFinal(result, 0)
result
}
}
``` |
Alpha is an unincorporated community in Yell County, Arkansas, United States, located on Arkansas Highway 154, east-northeast of Danville.
References
Unincorporated communities in Yell County, Arkansas
Unincorporated communities in Arkansas |
Frank H. Richards (March 21, 1858 – November 13, 1937) was an American politician in the state of Washington. He served in the Washington State Senate from 1891 to 1895. He was named to the Senate when Morris McCarty was unseated by that same body.
Richards later served as a U.S. Marshal to the Second Judicial District of Alaska. He was removed from office by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. On October 8, 1903, he married Bessie Wilke, of Chicago, Illinois. In November 1937, Richards was reported to be seriously ill with pneumonia. He died later that month, aged 79.
References
Republican Party Washington (state) state senators
1858 births
1937 deaths
People from McHenry County, Illinois |
Jason Bourdouxhe (born 11 April 1991) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Belgian National Division 1 club Rupel Boom.
Club career
Bourdouxhe progressed through the youth system of Dutch club PSV, but never made an appearance for the first team. He was loaned out to second-tier Eerste Divisie club FC Eindhoven in 2012, who then signed him on a permanent deal a year later. On 10 August 2012, he made his professional debut against MVV Maastricht, where he also scored his first goal.
After his two-year contract expired, Bourdouxhe joined VVV-Venlo on a free, where he signed at two-year deal with an option for an extra year. He failed to establish himself as a starter in Venlo, and he left for Helmond Sport after only one season. There, Bourdouxhe signed a two-year contract. After two seasons in Helmond, he moved to FC Emmen, where he made no first-team appearances and only managed to appear for the reserve team.
On 16 April 2019, Bourdouxhe signed a two-year contract with TOP Oss. Upon signing, he stated that "TOP Oss has grown considerably in recent years and the club has been doing well for the last two seasons [...] In addition, I have a good feeling after talking to the manager. We have the same view on football. It is also nice to be able to be closer to my family in Eindhoven again". He made his debut for the club on 9 August 2019, starting at left back against Jong Ajax, a match which TOP managed to win 2–1. Bourdouxhe was, however, mostly used as a backup on the position behind Niels Fleuren, and finished his first season in Oss with six total appearances. Close to the transfer deadline of 2020, he left TOP Oss and decided to return to FC Eindhoven.
On 11 August 2021, Bourdouxhe returned to Belgium for the first time in his senior career and signed a contract for one-year (with an additional year option) with Mouscron. In June 2022, he signed for Rupel Boom. At the age of 31, he became the oldest player in the team's squad.
References
External links
Voetbal International profile
Living people
1991 births
People from Fléron
Men's association football midfielders
Belgian men's footballers
Belgian expatriate men's footballers
Belgium men's youth international footballers
FC Eindhoven players
VVV-Venlo players
Helmond Sport players
FC Emmen players
TOP Oss players
Royal Excel Mouscron players
K. Rupel Boom F.C. players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Challenger Pro League players
Belgian National Division 1 players
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Footballers from Liège Province |
Abraham Moshe Brener (Rabino Moises Brener) (; died January 5, 1968) was the former Chief Rabbi (Gran Rabino) of Lima, Peru. He served as the Chief Rabbi of Lima from the mid-1930s to 1962. Following his tenure, Rabbi Brener moved to New York City.
Peru
In 1935, Rabbi Brener, arrived in Lima. Initially he was not officially hired by the community, but he was an experienced mohel and shochet, as well as cantor, so he quickly took over as Rabbi. Together with the completion of the construction of its own synagogue (La Unión Israelita) in 1934, the community became an organized and official institution. Between the 1950s and 1960s, members of La Unión Israelita created three other synagogues: Malvas, Adat Israel, and Sharón. Rabbi Brener traveled to different provinces to circumcise babies, and others were circumcised at his home when they were older. Rabbi Brener served in Lima for 30 years until 1962. He retired and moved to New York, where he died a few years later. He was buried in Jerusalem, Israel.
Family
Abraham Moshe Brener is the father of Rabbi Pynchas Brener, the former Chief Rabbi of Venezuela and current ambassador of Venezuela to Israel (as appointed by Juan Guaido). Abraham Moshe Brener died in New York on January 5, 1968 (4 Tevet 5728) and is buried in Israel.
References
Year of birth missing
1968 deaths
Rabbis in South America
20th-century Polish rabbis
Polish emigrants
Immigrants to Peru
Polish emigrants to the United States |
```scss
@import '../../../../common.scss';
:host {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
}
nz-table {
margin: 20px;
}
.footer {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
align-items: center;
margin: 0 20px;
button {
margin-right: 10px;
}
nz-pagination {
margin-left: auto;
}
}
``` |
```go
// Code generated by smithy-go-codegen DO NOT EDIT.
package ec2
import (
"context"
"fmt"
awsmiddleware "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/middleware"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ec2/types"
"github.com/aws/smithy-go/middleware"
smithyhttp "github.com/aws/smithy-go/transport/http"
)
// Describes the authorization rules for a specified Client VPN endpoint.
func (c *Client) DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules(ctx context.Context, params *DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesInput, optFns ...func(*Options)) (*DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesOutput, error) {
if params == nil {
params = &DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesInput{}
}
result, metadata, err := c.invokeOperation(ctx, "DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules", params, optFns, c.addOperationDescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesMiddlewares)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
out := result.(*DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesOutput)
out.ResultMetadata = metadata
return out, nil
}
type DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesInput struct {
// The ID of the Client VPN endpoint.
//
// This member is required.
ClientVpnEndpointId *string
// Checks whether you have the required permissions for the action, without
// actually making the request, and provides an error response. If you have the
// required permissions, the error response is DryRunOperation . Otherwise, it is
// UnauthorizedOperation .
DryRun *bool
// One or more filters. Filter names and values are case-sensitive.
//
// - description - The description of the authorization rule.
//
// - destination-cidr - The CIDR of the network to which the authorization rule
// applies.
//
// - group-id - The ID of the Active Directory group to which the authorization
// rule grants access.
Filters []types.Filter
// The maximum number of results to return for the request in a single page. The
// remaining results can be seen by sending another request with the nextToken
// value.
MaxResults *int32
// The token to retrieve the next page of results.
NextToken *string
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
type DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesOutput struct {
// Information about the authorization rules.
AuthorizationRules []types.AuthorizationRule
// The token to use to retrieve the next page of results. This value is null when
// there are no more results to return.
NextToken *string
// Metadata pertaining to the operation's result.
ResultMetadata middleware.Metadata
noSmithyDocumentSerde
}
func (c *Client) addOperationDescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesMiddlewares(stack *middleware.Stack, options Options) (err error) {
if err := stack.Serialize.Add(&setOperationInputMiddleware{}, middleware.After); err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Serialize.Add(&awsEc2query_serializeOpDescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = stack.Deserialize.Add(&awsEc2query_deserializeOpDescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules{}, middleware.After)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := addProtocolFinalizerMiddlewares(stack, options, "DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules"); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("add protocol finalizers: %v", err)
}
if err = addlegacyEndpointContextSetter(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLoggerMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientRequestID(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputeContentLength(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResolveEndpointMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addComputePayloadSHA256(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRetry(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRawResponseToMetadata(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecordResponseTiming(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addClientUserAgent(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddErrorCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = smithyhttp.AddCloseResponseBodyMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addSetLegacyContextSigningOptionsMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addTimeOffsetBuild(stack, c); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addUserAgentRetryMode(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addOpDescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesValidationMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = stack.Initialize.Add(your_sha256_hashes(options.Region), middleware.Before); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRecursionDetection(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestIDRetrieverMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addResponseErrorMiddleware(stack); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addRequestResponseLogging(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = addDisableHTTPSMiddleware(stack, options); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginatorOptions is the paginator options
// for DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules
type DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginatorOptions struct {
// The maximum number of results to return for the request in a single page. The
// remaining results can be seen by sending another request with the nextToken
// value.
Limit int32
// Set to true if pagination should stop if the service returns a pagination token
// that matches the most recent token provided to the service.
StopOnDuplicateToken bool
}
// DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator is a paginator for
// DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules
type DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator struct {
options DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginatorOptions
client DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesAPIClient
params *DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesInput
nextToken *string
firstPage bool
}
// NewDescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator returns a new
// DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator
func NewDescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator(client DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesAPIClient, params *DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesInput, optFns ...func(*DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginatorOptions)) *DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator {
if params == nil {
params = &DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesInput{}
}
options := DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginatorOptions{}
if params.MaxResults != nil {
options.Limit = *params.MaxResults
}
for _, fn := range optFns {
fn(&options)
}
return &DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator{
options: options,
client: client,
params: params,
firstPage: true,
nextToken: params.NextToken,
}
}
// HasMorePages returns a boolean indicating whether more pages are available
func (p *DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator) HasMorePages() bool {
return p.firstPage || (p.nextToken != nil && len(*p.nextToken) != 0)
}
// NextPage retrieves the next DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules page.
func (p *DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesPaginator) NextPage(ctx context.Context, optFns ...func(*Options)) (*DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesOutput, error) {
if !p.HasMorePages() {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("no more pages available")
}
params := *p.params
params.NextToken = p.nextToken
var limit *int32
if p.options.Limit > 0 {
limit = &p.options.Limit
}
params.MaxResults = limit
optFns = append([]func(*Options){
addIsPaginatorUserAgent,
}, optFns...)
result, err := p.client.DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules(ctx, ¶ms, optFns...)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
p.firstPage = false
prevToken := p.nextToken
p.nextToken = result.NextToken
if p.options.StopOnDuplicateToken &&
prevToken != nil &&
p.nextToken != nil &&
*prevToken == *p.nextToken {
p.nextToken = nil
}
return result, nil
}
// DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesAPIClient is a client that implements the
// DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules operation.
type DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesAPIClient interface {
DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules(context.Context, *DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesInput, ...func(*Options)) (*DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesOutput, error)
}
var _ DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRulesAPIClient = (*Client)(nil)
func your_sha256_hashes(region string) *awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata {
return &awsmiddleware.RegisterServiceMetadata{
Region: region,
ServiceID: ServiceID,
OperationName: "DescribeClientVpnAuthorizationRules",
}
}
``` |
The Black Duck River is a short river in St. Mary's Bay, on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. It flows from its source through the Black Duck Ponds to its mouth at the Rocky River, near the community of Colinet, just upstream of that river's mouth at St. Mary's Bay on the Atlantic Ocean.
References
Rivers of Newfoundland and Labrador |
The Desert Classic (currently known as The American Express for sponsorship reasons; previously known as the CareerBuilder Challenge, Palm Springs Golf Classic, the Bob Hope Desert Classic, the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic, and the Humana Challenge) is a professional golf tournament in southern California on the PGA Tour. Played in mid-winter in the Coachella Valley (greater Palm Springs), it is part of the tour's early season "West Coast Swing."
It previously had five rounds of competition (90 holes) rather than the standard of four rounds, and was known for its celebrity pro-am. For many years, the event was named for and hosted by entertainer Bob Hope and featured a number of celebrity participants.
In 2012, the Desert Classic changed to a traditional 72-hole format over three different courses with a 54-hole cut, similar to the AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am, and ended their celebrity pro-am. The tournament is organized by the nonprofit Impact Through Golf, which took over from Desert Classic Charities in 2020.
History
Founded in 1960 as the Palm Springs Golf Classic, the tournament evolved from the Thunderbird Invitational that was held in Palm Springs the previous six years, from 1954 to 1959, but with a much smaller purse. The event was renamed the Bob Hope Desert Classic in 1965 and the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic in 1986.
Until 2012, its format remained unique among PGA Tour events, being played over five days and four different courses. In its first three years, the tournament was played at Thunderbird Country Club and Tamarisk Country Club, both in Rancho Mirage; Bermuda Dunes Country Club in Bermuda Dunes; and Indian Wells Country Club in Indian Wells. Bermuda Dunes was used through 2009 and Indian Wells through 2005. In 1963 Eldorado Country Club, also in Indian Wells, replaced Thunderbird Country Club. From 1964 until 1968 La Quinta Country Club in La Quinta, replaced Tamarisk Country Club, but in 1969 Tamarisk Country Club rejoined the event and alternated annually with Eldorado Country Club until 1986 (Tamarisk Country Club's last turn being in 1985).
An evolution towards courses more suited to modern professionals began in 1987. From 1987 until 1994, and again from 1998 to the present, a course at PGA West in La Quinta, (the TPC Stadium Golf Course in 1987 and the Arnold Palmer Private Course thereafter) became a permanent member of the roster; from 1995–97, Indian Ridge Country Club in Palm Desert replaced PGA West. To make room for a new permanent member, Eldorado Country Club and La Quinta Country Club alternated from 1987–89 (Eldorado being used in 87 and 89), after which Eldorado Country Club was dropped from the roster. From 1990–2003 Tamarisk Country Club and La Quinta Country Club followed a "1–2" alternating arrangement, where Tamarisk was played the first year and La Quinta CC the next two; this pattern was deviated from when Tamarisk was used in 2004 (a La Quinta CC year by the pattern), although the 2005, 2006 and 2007 events were then played at La Quinta CC.
In early 2005 a local charitable foundation gave its new course, The Classic Club in Palm Desert (an Arnold Palmer-designed track) to the tournament, making the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic the only event on the PGA Tour that owns its own facility. The Classic Club took the place of Indian Wells in 2006, but the course was dropped from the Hope course field after the 2008 event, citing players concerns over high winds.
The 2009 course rotation consisted of the Arnold Palmer Private Course and the Nicklaus Private Course (both at PGA West in La Quinta), SilverRock Resort (in La Quinta), and the Bermuda Dunes Country Club. In 2010, La Quinta CC replaced Bermuda Dunes CC. In 2012, SilverRock Resort dropped from the rotation due to the tournament shortening to 72 holes. In 2016, the main course was Pete Dye's PGA West Stadium Course, and also used PGA West’s Nicklaus Tournament course (originally designed for the 1991 Ryder Cup, the European Broadcasting Union objected because of the European domination of the tournament and a nine-hour time difference from Central European Time was inconvenient; the tournament moved east where only a six-hour time difference allowed the event to air in primetime hours), and La Quinta Country Club in the first three rounds.
The tradition of choosing the tournament's "Classic Girls" from among the area's collegians began in those early years, with the earliest tournaments having a celebrity dubbed "Classic Queen." The earliest titleholders included Debbie Reynolds, Jane Powell, and Jill St. John. The queens of the 1970s included Barbara Eden and Lynda Carter.
The Classic's biggest draw, both then and now, has been the celebrity Pro-am competition which has attracted some of the era's biggest celebrities. According to the official website, those celebrities have included:
Bing Crosby
Burt Lancaster
Kirk Douglas
Phil Harris
Desi Arnaz (one of the founders of the aforementioned Indian Wells Country Club)
Ray Bolger
Hoagy Carmichael
Glen Campbell
Don Adams
Dwight Eisenhower (the first U.S. President to play in the pro-am)
The first edition in 1960 was won by Arnold Palmer at 338 (–22), a record that stood for twenty years.
He had won the last Thunderbird event the previous year, which had a $15,000 purse with a winner's share of $1,500. The purse in 1960 was over six times larger at $100,000, and the $12,000 first prize was Palmer's biggest check to date.
Hope, who was possibly Hollywood's greatest golfer, added his name to the tournament in 1965, and became its chairman of the board.
The 1970s saw stars like Frank Sinatra make their debuts. Less than three weeks out of office, Gerald Ford played his first pro-am in 1977, making him the second former president to play in the tournament. More recently celebrities such as Jimmy Fallon, Don Cheadle, and Samuel L. Jackson have competed in the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic, before its subsequent renames.
History was made at the tournament in 1995 when the pro-am team of Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, Gerald Ford, Bob Hope and defending champion Scott Hoch teed up for the tournament's opening round. The event marked the first time a sitting president – Clinton – had played during a PGA Tour event and perhaps the first time three presidents had ever played together.
Its long history has made the event synonymous with golf in the Coachella Valley. Additionally, the allure of Hope's name, even after his death, has convinced the Hope estate, tournament organizers and corporate sponsor Chrysler to include the legendary entertainer's name on the tournament for as long as a substantial portion of its proceeds are given to charities.
Before 2012, the tournament's five-round format was a "tough sell" for many players, such as Tiger Woods, who has never played there. It took place over five days, four of which include celebrity players. That meant rounds take far longer and the presence of so many spectators out to catch a glimpse of their favorite TV, film or music star, can turn even an early round into a far more informal endeavor, which many golfers did not enjoy.
Starting in 2012, the tournament was narrowed to a four-round event played on three courses with a 54-hole cut. The tournament is the first continental stop of the calendar year, but is still a hard sell because network television coverage of the PGA Tour starts the ensuing week.
The tournament was called the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic until the 2009 tournament, when George Lopez was let go as host and Chrysler dropped their name from the tournament's name, but continued to sponsor the tournament. Instead, the tournament was hosted by the only 5-time winner of the event, Arnold Palmer, for the tournament's 50th anniversary. In 2010, baseball Hall of Famer Yogi Berra served as the first "Classic Ambassador".
Professional field
The professional field consists of 156 players selected using (slightly reordered) standard eligibility rankings except that the following are also eligible:
The Players Championship winners prior to 1996
PGA Tour members who played on the most recent Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup teams of both sides.
Winners of the tournament prior to 1999 and in the previous ten seasons
There is no open qualifying for the tournament.
Tournament hosts
Winners
Note: Green highlight indicates scoring records.
Source:
Multiple winners
Nine men have won this tournament more than once through 2023.
5 wins
Arnold Palmer: 1960, 1962, 1968, 1971, 1973
2 wins
Billy Casper: 1965, 1969
John Cook: 1992, 1997
Bill Haas: 2010, 2015
John Mahaffey: 1979, 1984
Phil Mickelson: 2002, 2004
Johnny Miller: 1975, 1976
Corey Pavin: 1987, 1991
Hudson Swafford: 2017, 2022
Jon Rahm: 2018, 2023
Tournament highlights
1960: Arnold Palmer wins the inaugural version of the tournament by three shots over Fred Hawkins. Joe Campbell earned $50,000 in unofficial money for scoring a hole-in-one on the fifth hole of the Tamarisk Country Club.
1963: Jack Nicklaus defeats Gary Player 65 to 73 in an 18-hole playoff for the tournament title.
1964: 53-year-old Jimmy Demaret who rarely played competitive golf any more finishes regulation play tied for first with Tommy Jacobs but loses on the second hole of sudden death.
1967: Club professional Tom Nieporte birdies the 90th hole to beat Doug Sanders by one shot.
1972: Bob Rosburg wins for the first time since the 1961 Bing Crosby National Pro-Am. He beats Lanny Wadkins by one shot.
1973: Arnold Palmer wins the tournament for a fifth time by two shots over Jack Nicklaus and Johnny Miller. It is Palmer's final PGA Tour triumph.
1976: Johnny Miller shoots a final round 63 to successfully defend his Bob Hope title. He wins by 3 shots over Rik Massengale.
1980: Craig Stadler wins for the first-time on the PGA Tour. He beats Tom Purtzer and Mike Sullivan by 2 shots.
1982: Ed Fiori, expecting to become a first-time father any day, rolls in a 35-foot birdie putt on the second hole of a sudden death playoff to defeat Tom Kite.
1985: Lanny Wadkins plays the last five holes of regulation in five under par to tie Craig Stadler, then goes on to beat him on the fifth hole of a sudden death playoff.
1989: Steve Jones becomes the first golfer since Gil Morgan in 1983 to sweep the first two events of the PGA Tour Schedule. He defeats Paul Azinger and Sandy Lyle on the first hole of a sudden death playoff.
1990: Peter Jacobsen birdies the 90th hole to win the Hope by one shot over Brian Tennyson and Scott Simpson after NBC golf announcer Johnny Miller talked about how easy it would have been for Jacobsen to choke his second shot to the par-5 finishing hole.
1991: Corey Pavin holes a 35-foot wedge shot on the first hole of sudden death to defeat Mark O'Meara.
1992: John Cook holes a chip shot from 100-feet to defeat Gene Sauers in sudden death. The playoff, originally composed of five players, also involved Tom Kite, Mark O'Meara, and Rick Fehr.
1993: Tom Kite, who had twice previously lost the tournament in playoffs, shoots 325, a PGA Tour record for 90 holes at the time. He beats Rick Fehr by 6 shots.
1999: David Duval shoots a final round 59 to beat Steve Pate by one shot.
2001 Joe Durant shoots a record score for a 90-hole PGA tournament with a 36-under-par score of 324 (65-61-67-66-65).
2003: Mike Weir birdies the final three holes to win by two shots over Jay Haas.
2009: Pat Perez shoots 124 to set a new PGA Tour record for the first 36 holes of a tournament. He goes on to win the Hope by three shots over John Merrick.
2011: In just his fifth PGA Tour start and second as a Tour member, Jhonattan Vegas became the first Venezuelan to win on the PGA Tour. It was also the last year the tournament was a five-round event.
2014: Patrick Reed shot 63s in his first three rounds, a PGA Tour record 27-under-par for 54 holes.
2017: Adam Hadwin shot a 59 in the third round. He is the first Canadian on the PGA Tour to accomplish this and only the third player to shoot 59 on a par-72 course.
Records
Low 18-Hole record 59 – David Duval (1999), Adam Hadwin (2017)
Low 36-Hole record 123 – Steve Stricker (2009)
Low 54-Hole record 189 – Patrick Reed (2014)
Low 72-Hole record 259 – Joe Durant (2001)
Low 90-Hole record 324 – Joe Durant (2001) (PGA Tour record)
High winning score 349 – Doug Sanders (1966), Tom Nieporte (1967)
High finish by winner 72 – Billy Casper (1965)
Low finish by winner 59 – David Duval (1999)
Low start by winner 63 – Jay Haas (1988)
High start by winner 76 – Tom Nieporte (1967), Steve Jones (1989)
Largest victory margin 6 strokes – Rik Massengale (1977), Tom Kite (1993)
Low cut 273 – 15-under-par (2009) (PGA Tour record)
Wire to wire winners – Rik Massengale (1977), Bruce Lietzke (1981)
Best turn around – Jonathan Kaye (1999) 2nd – 83 3rd – 62
Timeline of courses used
Legend:
Television broadcast and cable history
From the mid-1960s through 1998, NBC broadcast the fourth and fifth rounds of the tournament. ABC took over the coverage in 1999 through 2006, with CBS covering the tournament in 2003 due to ABC's involvement with Super Bowl XXXVII.
On the cable side, the first three rounds were covered by ESPN through 2002. From 2003–06, USA Network covered the early action.
Beginning in 2007, the tournament lost its network coverage and the Golf Channel showed all five rounds on cable television. Even with the move to four rounds and the reduction in celebrity involvement, the tournament is still exclusive to cable, as it is usually the last full-field stop restricted to cable-only coverage, as network television coverage of the PGA Tour currently does not begin until the week after the NFL's Conference Championship Games, which is the week before the Super Bowl.
Coverage style
Prior to 2007, USA and ESPN/ABC consistently covered all four courses used for the event, with the primary camera crew covering PGA West, but live coverage still emanating from the other courses. However, when Golf Channel took over coverage, the network only assigned live coverage to PGA West (both the Palmer and Nicklaus courses). All other courses used did not receive live coverage at all, with an hourly highlights package sent in and played, but none of it live. This has been the approach consistently taken by Golf Channel in regards to tournaments with multiple courses, including the Pebble Beach National Pro-Am and the Walt Disney World Golf Classic.
References
External links
Coverage on the PGA Tour's website
PGA Tour events
Golf in California
Sports competitions in California
Sports in Riverside County, California
La Quinta, California
Pro–am golf tournaments
Recurring sporting events established in 1960
1960 establishments in California |
Logan Park High School is a high school founded in 1974 in Dunedin, New Zealand. It has a roll of around 700 students with a teaching staff of about 50, with some 18 further auxiliary and administrative staff.
History
The school was built on the site of a former rifle range in a small wooded valley adjacent to Logan Park, an area of land reclaimed from the former Lake Logan (itself previously Pelichet Bay) and now largely converted into a park and playing fields in Dunedin North. It admitted third-form students in 1974 and expanded to all forms the following year, when it was formally opened by Phil Amos, the Minister of Education. The city's main athletics and soccer venue, the Caledonian Ground, is located next to the school grounds. Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza and the University Oval cricket ground are also located nearby.
The school developed from an earlier school in central Dunedin, King Edward Technical College, which itself had long links with Otago Polytechnic (which has also previously occupied a central Dunedin site). The school's proximity to the city's tertiary institutions (the University of Otago and Otago Polytechnic) allows the school access to tertiary study facilities it would otherwise not have access to.
Like most New Zealand state secondary schools of the era, Logan Park High School was constructed to the S68 standard plan, characterised by its single-storey classroom blocks of masonry construction, low-pitched roofs and internal open courtyards.
On 17 March 2020, the high school was shut down for 48 hours after one of its students tested positive for the Coronavirus disease 2019. The school's closure was part of the New Zealand Government's heightened health measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand.
Education
Logan Park has a current roll of students, and its roll peaked at about 1200 in 1995. The school has a teaching staff of about 35, with some 15 further auxiliary and administrative staff. LPHS is one of the four-state coeducational schools in Dunedin.
The founding principal was "Arch" Wilson.
Colin Croudis was principal between 1980 until 1992.
In 1998, Jane Johnson was appointed as the school's first female principal. Ms Johnson retired in 2017, and in September of that year, co-principals Peter Hills and Kristan Mouat were appointed.
Logan Park High School combines both a junior and a senior school. Year 9 (Form 3) and Year 10 (Form 4) are the juniors of the school; Years 11 to 13 (Forms 5 to 7) are the seniors of the school. Most senior students sit their NCEA examinations during their time at the school.
Culture
The school's motto, Kua mutu, kua timata is Māori, and means "It is finished, but has again begun" – a reference to the new school rising from the old King Edward Technical College, and also to high school as a transition from childhood to adulthood. The school uniform's colours are black, white and maroon. The uniform is optional in year 13.
The school was divided into five houses although starting in 2008 there have been four, each with its own dean. These houses are named Clayton, Omimi, Aoraki (formerly Aorangi), Toroa and Potiki (although not featuring in the 2008 school year and in subsequent years). As of 2022 each house is split into multiple groups.
Logan Park High School is regarded as important in the history of New Zealand rock music as being one of the elements that made up the Dunedin sound. Many of the musicians who were at the forefront of this movement in the 1980s were pupils of Logan Park when they made their first public musical performances.
Notable alumni
Aldous Harding – musician
Andrew Brough – musician
Belinda Colling – netball player
Mark Dickel – basketballer
Richard Dickel – basketball coach
Jane Dodd – musician
Chris Donaldson – athlete
Graeme Downes – musician
Jabez Olssen – film editor
Pip Hall – actor and writer
Matt Heath – Entertainment
Joanna Norris – former editor of The Christchurch Press
Nadia Reid – musician
Helen Varley Jamieson – theatre and digital artist
Kashi Leuchs – cyclist
Tania Murray – athlete
Jesse O'Brien – musician, NZ Idol finalist
Martin Phillipps – musician
Darren Stedman – musician
References
External links
Official School Website
Secondary schools in Dunedin
Educational institutions established in 1975
New Zealand secondary schools of S68 plan construction
1975 establishments in New Zealand |
Yampil () is a common toponym (place name) in Ukraine:
Raions
Yampil Raion, Sumy Oblast
Yampil Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast
Cities
Yampil, Vinnytsia Oblast, Capital city of Yampilskiy Rayon located in Vinnytsia Oblast
Urban-type settlements
Yampil, Donetsk Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Donetsk Oblast
Yampil, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Yampil, Sumy Oblast, an urban-type settlement and raion center of Sumy Oblast
Villages
Yampil, Lviv Oblast, a village in Lviv Oblast
Yampil, Cherkasy Oblast, a village in Cherkasy Oblast
See also
Yampolsky |
A constitutional referendum was held in Algeria on 23 February 1989. Coming after the 1988 October Riots, the new constitution removed references to socialism and allowed for multi-party democracy. Despite calls for a boycott by radical Islamists and opposition from trade unions and FLN members, the amendments were approved by 73.4% of voters with a 79% turnout. Local elections were scheduled for the following year, with parliamentary elections to be held in 1991.
Results
References
Constitutional referendum
Algerian constitutional referendum
Constitutional referendums in Algeria
Algerian constitutional referendum |
The 2023 Belgian Indoor Athletics Championships (, ) was the year's national championship in indoor track and field for Belgium. It was held on Sunday 19 February at the Flanders Sports Arena in Ghent. A total of 25 events, 13 for men and 12 for women, were contested. It served as preparation for the 2023 European Athletics Indoor Championships.
Two Belgian indoor records were broken at the competition: Imke Vervaet ran 23.26 seconds to win the women's 200 metres and Jolien Boumkwo won the women's shot put with 17.87 m.
Results
Men
Women
References
Results
Results . atletiek. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
Belgian Indoor Athletics Championships
Belgian Indoor Athletics Championships
Belgian Indoor Athletics Championships
Belgian Indoor Athletics Championships
Sports competitions in Ghent |
```go
// Code generated by private/model/cli/gen-api/main.go. DO NOT EDIT.
// Package applicationautoscaling provides the client and types for making API
// requests to Application Auto Scaling.
//
// With Application Auto Scaling, you can automatically scale your AWS resources.
// The experience similar to that of Auto Scaling (path_to_url
// You can use Application Auto Scaling to accomplish the following tasks:
//
// * Define scaling policies to automatically scale your AWS resources
//
// * Scale your resources in response to CloudWatch alarms
//
// * View the history of your scaling events
//
// Application Auto Scaling can scale the following AWS resources:
//
// * Amazon ECS services. For more information, see Service Auto Scaling
// (path_to_url
// in the Amazon EC2 Container Service Developer Guide.
//
// * Amazon EC2 Spot fleets. For more information, see Automatic Scaling
// for Spot Fleet (path_to_url
// in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.
//
// * Amazon EMR clusters. For more information, see Using Automatic Scaling
// in Amazon EMR (path_to_url
// in the Amazon EMR Management Guide.
//
// * AppStream 2.0 fleets. For more information, see Fleet Auto Scaling for
// Amazon AppStream 2.0 (path_to_url
// in the Amazon AppStream 2.0 Developer Guide.
//
// * Provisioned read and write capacity for Amazon DynamoDB tables and global
// secondary indexes. For more information, see Auto Scaling for DynamoDB
// (path_to_url
// in the Amazon DynamoDB Developer Guide.
//
// For a list of supported regions, see AWS Regions and Endpoints: Application
// Auto Scaling (path_to_url#as-app_region)
// in the AWS General Reference.
//
// See path_to_url for more information on this service.
//
// See applicationautoscaling package documentation for more information.
// path_to_url
//
// Using the Client
//
// To Application Auto Scaling with the SDK use the New function to create
// a new service client. With that client you can make API requests to the service.
// These clients are safe to use concurrently.
//
// See the SDK's documentation for more information on how to use the SDK.
// path_to_url
//
// See aws.Config documentation for more information on configuring SDK clients.
// path_to_url#Config
//
// See the Application Auto Scaling client ApplicationAutoScaling for more
// information on creating client for this service.
// path_to_url#New
package applicationautoscaling
``` |
Richard Norton Wilkinson (??-1804) was a soldier, judge and political figure in Upper Canada.
He was born in Scotland. At the time of the American Revolution, he was a merchant in Albany, New York and owned a ship. His ship and cargo were seized and he was imprisoned by the colonists. He escaped and served with Sir John Johnson's King's Royal Regiment of New York. In 1778, he was appointed to the Indian Department. He served as captain in the Royal Canadian Volunteers until 1802. In 1788, he was appointed justice of the peace in the Lunenburg District. In 1794, he was appointed justice in the Eastern District court. He represented Glengarry in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1796 to 1800.
He died at Cornwall in 1804.
His son Walter Butler was also a member of the Legislative Assembly but died only a few years after his father.
References
Becoming Prominent: Leadership in Upper Canada, 1791-1841, J.K. Johnson (1989)
1804 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Year of birth unknown
Upper Canada judges
Canadian justices of the peace |
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