text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
```c++
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for documentation.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/config_begin.hpp>
//[doc_message_queueA
#include <boost/interprocess/ipc/message_queue.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace boost::interprocess;
int main ()
{
try{
//Erase previous message queue
message_queue::remove("message_queue");
//Create a message_queue.
message_queue mq
(create_only //only create
,"message_queue" //name
,100 //max message number
,sizeof(int) //max message size
);
//Send 100 numbers
for(int i = 0; i < 100; ++i){
mq.send(&i, sizeof(i), 0);
}
}
catch(interprocess_exception &ex){
std::cout << ex.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//]
#include <boost/interprocess/detail/config_end.hpp>
``` |
Ponam may be,
Ponam Island
Ponam language, spoken on the island
See also
PONAM |
Code page 904 (CCSID 904) is encoded for use as the single byte component of certain traditional Chinese character encodings. It is used in Taiwan. When combined with the double-byte Code page 927, it forms the two code-sets of Code page 938.
Codepage layout
References
904 |
Radosław Kanach (born 3 April 1999) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Resovia.
Club career
Kanach started his career with III liga side Stal Rzeszów, where he made 33 appearances over two seasons. He signed for Ekstraklasa side Cracovia in June 2016. His first involvement with the first team was in a mid-season training camp in Spain; where he played in matches against Chinese side Yanbian Funde and Moldovan side Dacia Chișinău. He made his league debut in a 4–1 loss to Wisła Płock, picking up a yellow card in the 9th minute.
International career
In 2013, while a player with Stal Rzeszów, Kanach was called up to the Polish under-15 side. In October 2016, he was called up to the under-18 side, and played in two matches against Finland.
Career statistics
Notes
References
1999 births
Footballers from Rzeszów
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
MKS Cracovia players
Stal Rzeszów (football) players
Sandecja Nowy Sącz players
Resovia (football) players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
III liga players |
Paul McCartney and Wings, often billed simply as Wings, were a British-American rock band formed in 1971 in London by former Beatles bassist and singer Paul McCartney, his wife Linda McCartney on keyboards, session drummer Denny Seiwell, and former Moody Blues guitarist Denny Laine. Wings were noted for their commercial successes, musical eclecticism and frequent personnel changes; going through three lead guitarists and four drummers. However, the core trio of the McCartneys and Laine remained intact throughout the group's existence.
Created following the McCartneys' 1971 album Ram, the band's first two albums, Wild Life (1971) and Red Rose Speedway (1973) (the latter featuring guitarist Henry McCullough), were viewed as artistic disappointments beside Paul's work with the Beatles. After the release of the title track of the James Bond film Live and Let Die, McCullough and Seiwell resigned from the band. The McCartneys and Laine then released 1973's Band on the Run, a commercial and critical success that spawned two top-ten singles in "Jet" and the title track. Following that album, the band recruited guitarist Jimmy McCulloch and drummer Geoff Britton, only for Britton to quit shortly afterwards and be replaced by Joe English. With the new line-up, Wings released 1975's Venus and Mars, which included the US number one single "Listen to What the Man Said", and undertook a highly successful world tour over 1975–76. Intended as more of a group effort, Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976) was issued midway through the tour and featured the hit singles "Silly Love Songs" and "Let 'Em In".
In 1977, the band earned their only UK number one single, with "Mull of Kintyre", which became one of the best-selling singles in history. Wings experienced another line-up shuffle, however, with both McCulloch and English departing before the release of the group's 1978 album London Town. The McCartneys and Laine again added new members, recruiting guitarist Laurence Juber and drummer Steve Holley. The resulting album, Back to the Egg, was a relative flop, with its singles under-performing and the critical reception negative. During the supporting tour, Paul was arrested in Japan for cannabis possession, putting the band on hold. Despite a final US number one with a live-recorded version of "Coming Up" (1980), Wings discontinued in 1981 after Laine departed from the band.
History
Origins
After the Beatles' break-up in 1970, McCartney recorded two albums: McCartney (1970), credited to himself, and Ram (1971), with his wife, Linda McCartney. He had insisted from the beginning of their marriage that Linda should be involved in his musical projects, notwithstanding her lack of previous experience as a musician, so that they did not have to be apart when he was on tour. Ram was recorded in New York City, where McCartney auditioned a number of drummers and guitarists, selecting Seiwell and guitarist David Spinozza. When Spinozza became unavailable due to other session commitments, Hugh McCracken was enlisted to take his place.
1971–1973: First line-up
After the release of Ram, McCartney decided to form a new group and asked Seiwell and McCracken to join. Seiwell accepted, but McCracken declined, so McCartney invited Denny Laine, whom he had known since the early 1960s, to join. Laine, who was working on a solo album at the time, got a phone call from McCartney enquiring if he would like to work with him, as McCartney said: "I'd known him in the past and I just rang him and asked him, 'What are you doing?' He said, 'Nothing', so I said, 'Right. Come on then!'" Laine then dropped plans for his album there and then. As he had in the Beatles, McCartney would serve as the chief bassist and lead singer for Wings and he doubled on guitar, keyboards, drums and assorted instruments at various times. When asked why he stayed on bass guitar rather than change back to guitar after the Beatles disbanded, he has explained that by then, he was "a bass player pretty much, who also happened to play guitar" and also considers himself a bassist who happens to play piano.
In August 1971, Seiwell and Laine joined Paul and Linda McCartney to record Paul's third post-Beatles album for Apple Records. The result was Wild Life, released 7 December. It was the first project to credit Wings as the artist. The band name is said to have come to McCartney as he was praying in the hospital while Linda was giving birth to their second child together, Stella, on 13 September 1971. Paul McCartney recalled in the film Wingspan that the birth of Stella was "a bit of a drama"; there were complications at the birth and that both Linda and the baby almost died. He was praying fervently and the image of wings came to his mind. He decided to name his new band "Wings."
In an attempt to capture the spontaneity of live performances, five of Wild Lifes eight songs were first takes by the band. The album included a cover of Mickey & Sylvia's "Love Is Strange". Like Ram, Wild Life left music critics cold, a response that typified the anti-McCartney sentiments that prevailed among the music press following the Beatles' break-up. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, Roy Carr and Tony Tyler called Wild Life "rushed, defensive, badly timed, and over-publicized", and wrote that it showed McCartney's songwriting "at an absolute nadir just when he needed a little respect". Wings similarly struggled to gain artistic credibility, particularly during the early 1970s, with critics, fans and McCartney's musical peers alike ridiculing the inclusion of Linda as a keyboard player and backing vocalist.
On 24 January 1972, McCartney added to the Wings line-up guitarist Henry McCullough, after he had tried out for the band. The new line-up immediately mounted an impromptu tour of UK universities (with the group driving around in a van), followed by a tour of small European venues. Although this was the first tour including an ex-Beatle after the Beatles broke up, Wings played no Beatles numbers during the tour, to show that it was a new band in its own right.
In February 1972, Wings released a single called "Give Ireland Back to the Irish", a response to the events of Bloody Sunday. The song was banned by the BBC for its anti-Unionist political stance. Despite limited airplay, it reached number 16 in the UK, as well as number 1 in both the Republic of Ireland and Spain. Wings released a children's song, "Mary Had a Little Lamb", as its next single, which reached the top 10 in the UK. Although some critics interpreted it as a sarcastic reaction to the ban on "Give Ireland Back to the Irish", it was in fact a serious effort by McCartney to record a song for children. Wings followed it with December 1972's "Hi, Hi, Hi", which was again banned by the BBC, this time for its alleged drug and sexual references. The B-side, "C Moon", was played instead. The single peaked at number 5 in the UK.
The band were renamed "Paul McCartney and Wings" for the 1973 album Red Rose Speedway (and for the follow-up Band on the Run), which yielded their first US number 1 hit, "My Love". The album included two tracks left over from the Ram sessions and was originally intended as a two-record set. After producer Glyn Johns had walked out on the project, however, McCartney conceded to EMI's opinion that the material was "substandard" and cut it down to a single disc. Among the unreleased songs from the seven-month sessions was the Linda composition "Seaside Woman", which was finally issued in 1977, credited to "Suzy and the Red Stripes".
Near the end of the Red Rose Speedway sessions, in October 1972, Wings recorded the theme song to the James Bond film Live and Let Die, which reunited McCartney with Beatles producer/arranger George Martin. Issued as a non-album single in mid-1973, "Live and Let Die" became a worldwide hit and has remained a highlight of McCartney's post-Wings concert performances (often accompanied by pyrotechnics). That same year, McCartney and Wings filmed a TV special, the critically maligned James Paul McCartney, which featured footage of the group performing in outdoor settings and in front of a studio audience.
After a successful British tour in May–June 1973, Wings went into rehearsals for their next album. McCullough and Seiwell abruptly left the band in August, however, at the end of rehearsals. Both musicians were disenchanted with the group's musical direction and Linda's inclusion; McCullough also objected to McCartney's domineering attitude towards him as a guitar player, while Seiwell had long felt aggrieved at the lack of a formalised financial arrangement and his status as a lowly paid sideman.
With the band reduced to a trio, the McCartneys and Laine cut what turned out to be Wings' most successful album, Band on the Run, at EMI's primitive eight-track recording studio in Lagos, Nigeria. The album went to number 1 in both the US and UK and spawned three hit singles: the rockers "Jet" and "Helen Wheels" (originally included only on the US version of the album) and the title track—a suite of movements recalling side two of Abbey Road. It also included "Let Me Roll It" and "No Words", the first Wings song on which Laine received a co-writing credit beside the McCartneys. Band on the Run enjoyed a highly favourable response from music critics and restored McCartney's tarnished post-Beatles image.
1974–1978: Second line-up
After Band on the Run, Jimmy McCulloch, former lead guitarist in Thunderclap Newman and Stone the Crows, joined the band. The first Wings project with McCulloch was McGear, a 1974 collaboration between Paul and his younger brother Mike McGear, with session musician Gerry Conway playing drums. Warner Bros. Records chose not to play up the "Wings" angle in its marketing for McGear, and the album sold poorly. However, the sessions also generated a single credited to McGear's group the Scaffold, "Liverpool Lou", which became a top-10 hit in the UK. Shortly thereafter, Geoff Britton joined Wings on drums, and the first recording session with this full line-up was held in Nashville, where the band stayed at the farm of songwriter Curly Putman Jr. The trip was immortalised in the 1974 non-album single "Junior's Farm", backed with a straight country track entitled "Sally G", the group's last release on Apple Records. In a rare occurrence for this era, both sides of the single separately reached the Billboard Top 20 in the US.
Wings began recording sessions for their next album in London in November 1974, then moved to New Orleans to complete Venus and Mars (1975), the first release from the group on Capitol Records. The album topped the charts and contained the US number 1 single "Listen to What the Man Said", which also featured Dave Mason, formerly of Traffic, on guitar and Tom Scott on saxophone. When the Venus and Mars recording sessions moved to New Orleans, Britton quit Wings and was replaced by Joe English who won the job at a secret audition before McCartney. In late 1975 Wings embarked on the Wings Over the World tour, following a postponement to allow McCulloch to recuperate from a hand fracture. Starting in Bristol, the tour took them to Australia (November), Europe (March 1976), the US (May/June), and Europe again (September), before ending in a four-night grand finale at London's Wembley Empire Pool. For this tour, added to Wings' stage act was a horn section consisting of Tony Dorsey, Howie Casey, Thaddeus Richard and Steve Howard, on saxes, brass and percussion.
In between sections of the tour, Wings recorded Wings at the Speed of Sound, which was released at the end of March 1976, just prior to the US leg of the world tour. It represented a departure from the previous Wings template in that each of the five members of the band (including English) sang lead on at least one song. However, the two singles, "Silly Love Songs" and "Let 'Em In" (the former a US number one), were both sung by Paul. Four of the album tracks were played in the 1976 portion of the tour, which also included five Beatles songs. One of the Seattle concerts from the American leg of the 1975–76 world tour was filmed and later released as the concert feature Rockshow (1980). The tour's American leg, which also included Madison Square Garden in New York City and Boston Garden in Massachusetts, spawned a triple live album, Wings over America (1976), which became the fifth consecutive Wings album to reach number 1 in the US. From this album came a single release of the live version of "Maybe I'm Amazed" originally from the McCartney album. The single's flipside was "Soily", a previously unreleased rocker that was often used as a closer for the concerts.
After the tour, and following the release of "Maybe I'm Amazed" in early 1977, Wings took a break. Later in the year, the band started recording their next album in the Virgin Islands, but the sessions were interrupted by Linda's pregnancy and then by the departures of both McCulloch and English. McCulloch, who joined Small Faces, died of morphine and alcohol poisoning in 1979. English joined Chuck Leavell's band Sea Level and later founded the Christian-oriented Joe English Band.
Undeterred by their departure, Wings released the already-completed McCartney–Laine ballad "Mull of Kintyre", an ode to the Scottish coastal region where McCartney had made his home in the early 1970s. Its broad appeal was maximised by a pre-Christmas release. It became an international hit, dominating the charts in Britain (where it was Wings' only number 1 single), Australia and many other countries over the Christmas/New Year period. Ultimately, it became the first single to exceed sales of 2 million in the UK, eclipsing the previous all-time best-seller (the Beatles' "She Loves You"), and remains one of the biggest-selling UK singles of all time. However, it was not a success in the US, where the B-side "Girls School" received most of the airplay but barely reached the top 40.
The core trio of Wings then released the album London Town in 1978. Though only the remaining trio are pictured on the sleeve, much of the album included McCulloch and English, having been recorded before their departures. Laine, however, remained and was co-credited on five of the tracks, including the title song. It was a commercial success, although it became the first Wings album since Wild Life not to reach number 1 in the US (peaking at number 2). London Town featured a markedly softer-rock, synth-based sound than previous Wings albums. "With a Little Luck" reached number 1 in the US and number 5 in the UK, but "I've Had Enough" and "London Town" were commercial disappointments in both countries.
1978–1981: Third line-up
Later in 1978, lead guitarist Laurence Juber and drummer Steve Holley joined the band, restoring Wings to touring strength. In 1979, McCartney signed a new record contract, leaving Capitol, the company he had been with in the US and Canada since he was a Beatle, and joining Columbia Records, while remaining with Parlophone in the rest of the world. Influenced by the punk and new wave scenes, Wings abandoned its mellow touch and hired Chris Thomas to help in the production process. The result was a somewhat less polished sound. This new version of Wings released the disco-oriented single "Goodnight Tonight", backed by "Daytime Nighttime Suffering", which reached the top 5 in both the US and UK. However, the subsequent album Back to the Egg was not favourably received by critics and although it went platinum in the US, sales were disappointing in comparison to its immediate predecessors. It contained the Grammy-winning song "Rockestra Theme", the result of an October 1978 superstar session with members of Wings, the Who, Led Zeppelin, and Pink Floyd, among others. Three singles, "Old Siam, Sir" (UK only), "Getting Closer", and "Arrow Through Me" (US only), were culled from the album, but performed poorly on the charts. During much of 1979, Wings were inactive as McCartney worked on a new solo album (McCartney II) without the band.
In November and December 1979, Wings toured the UK, once again adding the horns and brass section consisting of Tony Dorsey, Howie Casey, Thaddeus Richard, and Steve Howard. This tour climaxed with a massive "Rockestra" all-star collection of musicians in London in aid of UNICEF and Kampuchean refugees. Also during this tour, a live version of the McCartney II track "Coming Up" was recorded in Glasgow and became Wings' sixth US number one hit the following year.
Paul McCartney and his family arrived in Japan on 16 January 1980 for the planned eleven-date Wings' concert tour of Japan (due to visit Budokan Hall, Tokyo from 21 to 24 January 1980; Aichi-Ken, Taiiku-Kan, Nagoya on 25–26; Festival Hall, Osaka on 28; Osaka Furitsu-Kan, Osaka on 29; Budokan Hall, Tokyo from 31 January to 2 February 1980). McCartney was arrested immediately upon arriving at New Tokyo Airport for possession of of marijuana (with an estimated street value of 600,000 yen) hidden in Paul's luggage.Wasserman, Harry. "Paul's Pot-Bust Shocker Makes Him A Jailhouse Rocker" . High Times, July 1980. Retrieved 17 March 2010. The arrest put the tour in jeopardy and Wings' music was immediately banned from all television and radio stations across Japan. Wings' Japanese promoters claimed that almost 100,000 tickets for the concerts had been sold, representing a possible loss of well over 100 million yen. The promoters had no option but to cancel all of the tour dates the day after McCartney's arrest. The other band members of Wings, except Linda, left Japan and returned to England on 21 January 1980. McCartney spent ten days in jail before being (unexpectedly) released without charge on 25 January 1980 and deported. After returning to England, McCartney decided to release his solo album McCartney II and plans for a US tour were subsequently dropped. Meanwhile, Denny Laine released the single "Japanese Tears" and formed the short-lived Denny Laine Band with Steve Holley and released a solo album Japanese Tears that December.
By 1980, McCartney was growing weary of maintaining Wings and his personal and professional aspirations began to diverge from the group. The McCartneys now had three school-age children and had moved out of London to the countryside of East Sussex, desiring that their children have a normal upbringing. Musically, McCartney was dissatisfied by the band's performances during the 1979 UK tour, and when rehearsals for the next album began in October, it was apparent his latest songs were not a good fit for the band. Consequently, he and George Martin, who would be producing the album, decided not to use Wings for recording. Instead, top session musicians and guest artists were brought in to make the best possible album. In November 1980, Holley and Juber were told they would not be needed for the new album and other than sessions in January 1981 to finish work on the Cold Cuts album of previously unreleased tracks, no further activities were scheduled for Wings. Juber has said he could see the "writing on the wall" regarding Wings' future at that point and moved to New York to continue his career there.
Laine stayed on for the Tug of War sessions in Montserrat in February 1981 but his relationship with McCartney had become strained over business and personal matters. Laine had begun to feel that he was not being adequately compensated for his role in Wings, and was particularly bitter that he was employed as a contract writer on "Mull of Kintyre", a song he co-wrote with McCartney. He had been paid a flat fee for his contributions so when the song became a hit, he did not share in the royalties. Laine was also upset with McCartney over his drug arrest in Japan which meant a loss of extra income from the tour as well as putting future tour plans in doubt. Laine's marriage was also troubled, and his wife and the McCartneys did not get along well, adding to his upset with Wings. In April 1981, Laine announced he was leaving Wings, citing the lack of tour plans as the reason. While Laine's departure effectively ended the band, a spokesman for McCartney said that Wings still continued as an active concept. McCartney finally acknowledged the band no longer existed while promoting the release of Tug of War in 1982.
The Country Hams The Country Hams was a pseudonym used by the group for the release of the single "Walking in the Park with Eloise" in 1974, a song written years before by Paul's father James. Wings (with guest musicians Chet Atkins and Floyd Cramer) recorded it during the sessions for Junior's Farm.
Suzy and the Red Stripes Suzy and the Red Stripes was a pseudonym used by the group for the release of the Linda McCartney and Wings single "Seaside Woman" in 1977. It was written and sung by Linda McCartney. It was the only release by Wings under that name. Linda said that the "Suzy and the Red Stripes" pseudonym came about because she had been called "Suzi" in Jamaica because of "a fantastic reggae version of 'Suzi Q'", and Red Stripe is Jamaica's leading brand of beer.
Partial reunions
In March 1997, Denny Laine, Laurence Juber and Steve Holley did an impromptu "Wings" reunion at a Beatlefest convention in East Rutherford, New Jersey. This was not a planned event, and no further reunions were intended. However, ten years later, in July 2007, Laine, Juber and Denny Seiwell reunited for one show at a Beatlefest (renamed Fest for Beatles Fans) convention in Las Vegas. Among other songs, they performed "Band on the Run", "Mull of Kintyre" and "Go Now". Laine and Seiwell appeared again at the Fest for Beatles Fans in Secaucus, New Jersey, in March 2010 and were joined by Juber at the Fest in Chicago in August 2010.
Laine, Juber and Seiwell performed together at the Fest for Beatles Fans in Los Angeles, California, in October 2014; the setlist included "Hi, Hi, Hi", "Live and Let Die" and "Rockestra Theme". In August 2017, the trio performed at the festival once again, this time joined by drummer Steve Holley.
Laine, Juber, Seiwell and Holley performed together in January 2018 at Grand Oak Live, a music venue in Upland, California, headlining an event called Imagine Something Yesterday.
Laine, Juber and Holley performed again in March 2019 at the Fest for Beatles Fans in Jersey City, New Jersey performing songs from the band's final album Back to the Egg.
Legacy
Wings had twelve top-10 singles (including one number one) in the UK and fourteen top 10 singles (including six number ones) in the US. All 23 singles released by Wings reached the US top 40, and one two-sided hit, "Junior's Farm"/"Sally G", reached the top 40 with each side. Of the nine albums released by Wings, all went top 10 in either the UK or the US, with five consecutive albums topping the US charts. Paul McCartney was unquestionably Wings' leader and dominant creative force, but Denny Laine, Jimmy McCulloch, and Linda McCartney all contributed a little in songwriting, and Laine, McCulloch, Joe English, and Linda McCartney all performed a few lead vocals.
The success of Wings was a vindication for McCartney. His first few post-Beatles albums were highly criticized and often dismissed by critics as "lightweight" next to the more serious nature of his former bandmates' solo output. But by the mid-1970s, the solo careers of the other three former Beatles were in varying degrees of decline, with John Lennon putting his career on hold in 1975 for the first five years of his son Sean's life. A year later, George Harrison had all but retired from live performances, with his new releases failing to match the success of his initial solo output. Ringo Starr was living in Los Angeles and was writing and recording, but as a solo artist had not been performing onstage other than rare guest appearances. Meanwhile, Wings continued to tour regularly and enjoy much commercial success. According to author Robert Rosen, by 1980, Lennon was envious enough of McCartney's continuing success to make his re-emergence on the music scene.
One of the criticisms of Wings was that the other members were little more than sidemen backing up a solo McCartney. Guitarist Henry McCullough quit the band because he grew tired of being told by McCartney exactly what to play, and said that Wings were never a "real band." On the other hand, other former members of Wings such as Joe English and Laurence Juber have said that they were allowed a degree of creative freedom. In an interview, Juber, Wings' third lead guitarist, said, "I was a sideman, but the job assignment very much included considering myself a part of the band ... In all its incarnations Wings sounded like a band, not like a solo McCartney project and I think that reflects well not only on Paul's ability to share in the creative process, but also on the importance of Denny and Linda's contributions, too. The other players brought their own personalities to the scene."
In addition to its own output, Wings recorded several songs that were released through various outlets both before and after the band's break-up. Denny Laine's 1977 solo album Holly Days was a joint effort by Laine with Paul and Linda McCartney; three songs on Laine's 1980 solo album Japanese Tears were performed by Wings with Laine on lead vocals; Laine also contributed to several songs on Paul McCartney's 1982 and 1983 solo albums Tug of War and Pipes of Peace, respectively. Juber's instrumental "Maisie"—which was backed by members of Wings—appeared on his solo album Standard Time. The McCartneys and Laine contributed backing vocals to George Harrison's 1981 tribute to John Lennon, "All Those Years Ago". Linda McCartney continued to tour and record with her husband up until her death in 1998, after which a compilation of her songs entitled Wide Prairie was released that featured seven Wings songs written or co-written by her. Wings also backed Paul's brother Mike McGear on the McGear album, as well as McGear's band the Scaffold on the single "Liverpool Lou" and its B-side "Ten Years After on Strawberry Jam". Paul McCartney also used three unreleased Wings songs as B-sides of his solo singles several years after Wings' break-up.
Wings' 1977 single "Mull of Kintyre"/"Girls School" is still the biggest-selling non-charity single in the UK (although Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" sold more, its sales include a reissue in aid of the Terrence Higgins Trust), and it ranked fourth in the official list of all-time best-selling singles in the UK issued in 2002.
In 2001, Wingspan: Hits and History was released, a project spanning an album and a television special retrospective.
Personnel
During its ten-year lifespan, Wings underwent numerous personnel changes, including twice being reduced to its core McCartney–McCartney–Laine trio.
Members
Paul McCartney – lead vocals, bass, guitar, piano, keyboards, drums (1971–1981)
Linda McCartney – keyboards, piano, percussion, vocals (1971–1981; died 1998)
Denny Laine – guitar, bass, piano, vocals (1971–1981)
Denny Seiwell – drums, percussion (1971–1973)
Henry McCullough – guitar, backing vocals (1972–1973; died 2016)
Jimmy McCulloch – guitar, vocals, bass (1974–1977; died 1979)
Geoff Britton – drums, percussion (1974–1975)
Joe English – drums, percussion, vocals (1975–1977)
Laurence Juber – guitar, backing vocals (1978–1981)
Steve Holley – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1978–1981)
TimelineLine-ups Discography
Wild Life (1971)
Red Rose Speedway (1973)
Band on the Run (1973)
Venus and Mars (1975)
Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976)
London Town (1978)
Back to the Egg (1979)Collaborations McGear (credited to Mike McGear) (1974)
Holly Days (credited to Denny Laine) (1977)Live Wings over America (1976)
Wings over Europe (2018)
Tours
Wings played five concert tours during their ten-year existence:
Wings University Tour – 11 shows in the UK, 1972
Wings Over Europe Tour – 25 shows, 1972
Wings 1973 United Kingdom Tour – 21 shows, 1973
Wings Over the World Tour – 66 shows, 1975–1976
Wings 1979 United Kingdom Tour – 20 shows, 1979
Awards
Music Week Award
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; width:50%;"
|-
!Year
!Award
!Work
!Recipient
!Result
|-
|1977
|''Music Weeks top single
|"Mull of Kintyre"
|Wings
|
|}
Yugoton Award
Brit Award
American Music Award
Academy Award
Million-Air Award
The Guinness Book of Records
Q Award
RIAA award
NME Award
Capitol Radio Music AwardDaily Mirror'' Readers Award
Ivor Novello Award
Juno Award (Canadian music awards) and nominations
Grammy Award and nominations
Notes
References
Citations
Apple Records artists
Articles which contain graphical timelines
English rock music groups
British soft rock music groups
Capitol Records artists
Grammy Award winners
Juno Award for International Album of the Year winners
Linda McCartney
Musical groups established in 1971
Musical groups disestablished in 1981
Musical groups from London
Paul McCartney
EMI Records artists
Parlophone artists
Columbia Records artists
1971 establishments in England |
Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth is a book by Iranian-American writer and scholar Reza Aslan. It is a historical account of the life of Jesus that analyzes religious perspectives on Jesus as well as the creation of Christianity. It was a New York Times best seller. Aslan argues that Jesus was a political, rebellious and eschatological (end times) Jew whose proclamation of the coming kingdom of God was a call for regime change, for ending Roman hegemony over Judea and the corrupt and oppressive aristocratic priesthood. The book has been optioned by Lionsgate and producer David Heyman with a script co-written by Aslan and Oscar- screenwriter, James Schamus.
The book gathered mixed reviews. While it was positively received by the general public, scholars with relevant subject matter expertise have been critical of its content, methodology and Aslan’s claims about his academic credentials.
Promotion
During an interview on Fox News by Lauren Green, Green frequently interjected, quoting critics who questioned Aslan's credibility as an author of such a work, since Aslan is a prominent Muslim. Aslan noted that he was "a scholar of religions with four degrees, including one in the New Testament, and [was fluent] in biblical Greek, [and] has been studying the origins of Christianity for two decades, [and that he] also just happens to be a Muslim." The interview was criticized immediately after gaining notoriety on the Internet after a post on BuzzFeed headlined "Is This The Most Embarrassing Interview Fox News Has Ever Done?"
The Atlantic noted that the book debuted at the second spot on The New York Times Best Seller List after the interview, a significant increase in sales.
Reception
Dale Martin, the Woolsey Professor of Religious Studies at Yale University, who specializes in New Testament and Christian Origins, writes in The New York Times that although Aslan is not a scholar of ancient Christianity and does not present "innovative or original scholarship", the book is entertaining and "a serious presentation of one plausible portrait of the life of Jesus of Nazareth." He faults Aslan, who follows the Anglican priest and historian S. G. F. Brandon in his general thesis as well as in many details, for a borrowing that should have been better acknowledged ("Mr. Brandon gets only a cursory mention in the notes."); and for presenting early Christianity as being simply divided into a Hellenistic, Pauline form on the one hand, and a Jewish, Jamesian form on the other. Martin says that this repeats 19th-century German scholarship which now is mostly rejected. He also says that recent scholarship has dismissed Aslan's view that it would be implausible that any man like Jesus in his time and place would be unmarried, or could be presented as a "divine messiah". Despite his criticism, Martin praises Zealot for maintaining good pacing, simple explanations for complicated issues, and notes for checking sources.
Elizabeth Castelli, the Ann Whitney Olin Professor of Religion at Barnard College and a specialist in biblical studies and early Christianity, writing in The Nation, argued that Aslan largely ignores the findings in textual studies of the New Testament, and relies too heavily on a selection of texts, like Josephus, taking them more or less at face value (which no scholar of the period would do). Near her conclusion, she writes: Zealot is a cultural production of its particular historical moment—a remix of existing scholarship, sampled and re-framed to make a culturally relevant intervention in the early twenty-first-century world where religion, violence and politics overlap in complex ways. In this sense, the book is simply one more example in a long line of efforts by theologians, historians and other interested cultural workers.Craig A. Evans, an evangelical New Testament scholar and professor at Acadia Divinity College, writing in Christianity Today, states that Aslan made many basic errors in geography, history and New Testament interpretation. He said it "relies on an outdated and discredited thesis", consistently fails to engage the relevant historical scholarship, and is "rife with questionable assertions."
A review in USA Today cited Stephen Prothero, a professor of religion at Boston University, who said Aslan's perspective as a Muslim may have influenced his writing as he found the picture of Jesus in Zealot seems more like a failed version of the Prophet Muhammad than the figure depicted in the Bible. However, Prothero agreed that biographies of Jesus citing alternative sources are often controversial since "outside of the Bible there's not enough historical evidence to write about a modern biography of Jesus", while Darrell Gwaltney, dean of the School of Religion at Belmont University, concurred and commented "Even people who were present in the life of Jesus couldn't make up their minds about who he was... And they were eyewitnesses."
A review in ABC Online by Australian historian John Dickson questioned Aslan's expertise in the subject, claiming "Aslan has not contributed a single peer reviewed article", and further said "Aslan's grandiose claims and his limited credentials in history is glaring on almost every page." During a Q&A session following a 2014 lecture at Dickinson College on "Jesus and the Historian", Bart D. Ehrman, James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, similarly criticized Reza Aslan for his lack of expertise, commenting that Aslan does not have any advanced degrees in the New Testament or the history of Christianity and that his only advanced degree is in sociology of religion. Ehrman remarked, "He's as qualified to write about the New Testament as I am qualified to write about the sociology of religion—I can assure you; you do not want me to write a book on the sociology of religion. His book is filled with mistakes and inaccuracies... about Roman history, about the New Testament, about the history of early Christianity." Ehrman also states that, although Aslan does not acknowledge it and may not be aware of it, his basic argument actually dates back to the 1770s and was first presented in a book written by Hermann Samuel Reimarus, one of the earliest modern Biblical scholars. Noting Aslan's position as a professor of creative writing, Ehrman comments that the book is well-written, but "I don't think it's trustworthy as a historical account."
References
External links
The book listed on Aslan's official website
2013 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Books about Jesus
English-language books
Historical perspectives on Jesus
Random House books |
Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before the annual Wimbledon Tennis Championships.
Seeds
Emmanuelle Derly (first round)
Sabine Auer (first round)
Donna Faber (second round)
Jana Pospíšilová (second round)
Cathy Caverzasio (first round)
Veronika Martinek (first round)
Kumiko Okamoto (qualified)
Anna-Maria Fernandez (first round)
Pilar Vásquez (first round)
Penny Barg (qualified)
Cammy MacGregor (first round)
Ronni Reis (qualified)
Julie Richardson (first round)
Louise Field (qualified)
Lisa O'Neill (qualifying competition, Lucky loser)
Tina Mochizuki (first round)
Qualifiers
Ronni Reis
Penny Barg
Lise Gregory
Jo-Anne Faull
Karen Hunter
Louise Field
Kumiko Okamoto
Sandy Collins
Lucky losers
Lisa O'Neill
Karine Quentrec
Shaun Stafford
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
Fifth qualifier
Sixth qualifier
Seventh qualifier
Eighth qualifier
External links
1988 Wimbledon Championships on WTAtennis.com
1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles Qualifying
Wimbledon Championship by year – Women's singles qualifying
Wimbledon Championships |
Miss Archibald Ramsay Douglas (23 April 1807 – 23 December 1886) was a Scottish miniature painter. She was the daughter of William Douglas.
Life
Douglas was born in Edinburgh to William Douglas and his wife in 1807. She was the eldest of three children. Her father was the miniature painter in Scotland employed by Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
Douglas was taught to paint by her father and opened studios in Hart Street in Edinburgh. Douglas exhibited four paintings at the Royal Academy in London and nine at the Royal Scottish Academy from 1834 to 1847.
Douglas died in Edinburgh in 1886.
References
1807 births
1886 deaths
19th-century Scottish painters
19th-century Scottish women artists
Painters from Edinburgh
Miniature painting
Scottish women painters |
```ruby
require_relative '../../spec_helper'
describe :rational_plus_rat, shared: true do
it "returns the result of subtracting other from self as a Rational" do
(Rational(3, 4) + Rational(0, 1)).should eql(Rational(3, 4))
(Rational(3, 4) + Rational(1, 4)).should eql(Rational(1, 1))
(Rational(3, 4) + Rational(2, 1)).should eql(Rational(11, 4))
end
end
describe :rational_plus_int, shared: true do
it "returns the result of subtracting other from self as a Rational" do
(Rational(3, 4) + 1).should eql(Rational(7, 4))
(Rational(3, 4) + 2).should eql(Rational(11, 4))
end
end
describe :rational_plus_float, shared: true do
it "returns the result of subtracting other from self as a Float" do
(Rational(3, 4) + 0.2).should eql(0.95)
(Rational(3, 4) + 2.5).should eql(3.25)
end
end
describe :rational_plus, shared: true do
it "calls #coerce on the passed argument with self" do
rational = Rational(3, 4)
obj = mock("Object")
obj.should_receive(:coerce).with(rational).and_return([1, 2])
rational + obj
end
it "calls #+ on the coerced Rational with the coerced Object" do
rational = Rational(3, 4)
coerced_rational = mock("Coerced Rational")
coerced_rational.should_receive(:+).and_return(:result)
coerced_obj = mock("Coerced Object")
obj = mock("Object")
obj.should_receive(:coerce).and_return([coerced_rational, coerced_obj])
(rational + obj).should == :result
end
end
``` |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_ARGUMENTS_H_
#define V8_ARGUMENTS_H_
#include "src/allocation.h"
#include "src/objects-inl.h"
#include "src/tracing/trace-event.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
// Arguments provides access to runtime call parameters.
//
// It uses the fact that the instance fields of Arguments
// (length_, arguments_) are "overlayed" with the parameters
// (no. of parameters, and the parameter pointer) passed so
// that inside the C++ function, the parameters passed can
// be accessed conveniently:
//
// Object* Runtime_function(Arguments args) {
// ... use args[i] here ...
// }
//
// Note that length_ (whose value is in the integer range) is defined
// as intptr_t to provide endian-neutrality on 64-bit archs.
class Arguments BASE_EMBEDDED {
public:
Arguments(int length, Object** arguments)
: length_(length), arguments_(arguments) {
DCHECK_GE(length_, 0);
}
Object*& operator[] (int index) {
DCHECK_GE(index, 0);
DCHECK_LT(static_cast<uint32_t>(index), static_cast<uint32_t>(length_));
return *(reinterpret_cast<Object**>(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(arguments_) -
index * kPointerSize));
}
template <class S> Handle<S> at(int index) {
Object** value = &((*this)[index]);
// This cast checks that the object we're accessing does indeed have the
// expected type.
S::cast(*value);
return Handle<S>(reinterpret_cast<S**>(value));
}
int smi_at(int index) {
return Smi::cast((*this)[index])->value();
}
double number_at(int index) {
return (*this)[index]->Number();
}
// Get the total number of arguments including the receiver.
int length() const { return static_cast<int>(length_); }
Object** arguments() { return arguments_; }
Object** lowest_address() { return &this->operator[](length() - 1); }
Object** highest_address() { return &this->operator[](0); }
private:
intptr_t length_;
Object** arguments_;
};
double ClobberDoubleRegisters(double x1, double x2, double x3, double x4);
#ifdef DEBUG
#define CLOBBER_DOUBLE_REGISTERS() ClobberDoubleRegisters(1, 2, 3, 4);
#else
#define CLOBBER_DOUBLE_REGISTERS()
#endif
// TODO(cbruni): add global flag to check whether any tracing events have been
// enabled.
#define RUNTIME_FUNCTION_RETURNS_TYPE(Type, Name) \
static INLINE(Type __RT_impl_##Name(Arguments args, Isolate* isolate)); \
\
V8_NOINLINE static Type Stats_##Name(int args_length, Object** args_object, \
Isolate* isolate) { \
RuntimeCallTimerScope timer(isolate, &RuntimeCallStats::Name); \
TRACE_EVENT0(TRACE_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT("v8.runtime"), \
"V8.Runtime_" #Name); \
Arguments args(args_length, args_object); \
return __RT_impl_##Name(args, isolate); \
} \
\
Type Name(int args_length, Object** args_object, Isolate* isolate) { \
DCHECK(isolate->context() == nullptr || isolate->context()->IsContext()); \
CLOBBER_DOUBLE_REGISTERS(); \
if (V8_UNLIKELY(FLAG_runtime_stats)) { \
return Stats_##Name(args_length, args_object, isolate); \
} \
Arguments args(args_length, args_object); \
return __RT_impl_##Name(args, isolate); \
} \
\
static Type __RT_impl_##Name(Arguments args, Isolate* isolate)
#define RUNTIME_FUNCTION(Name) RUNTIME_FUNCTION_RETURNS_TYPE(Object*, Name)
#define RUNTIME_FUNCTION_RETURN_PAIR(Name) \
RUNTIME_FUNCTION_RETURNS_TYPE(ObjectPair, Name)
#define RUNTIME_FUNCTION_RETURN_TRIPLE(Name) \
RUNTIME_FUNCTION_RETURNS_TYPE(ObjectTriple, Name)
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
#endif // V8_ARGUMENTS_H_
``` |
```css
.joint-paper-background {
background: #FFFFFF;
}
.ice-bar {
color: #333;
background: #f5f6f7;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e7e7e7;
}
.footer {
color: #333;
background: #f5f6f7;
border-top: 1px solid #d5dadd;
}
.dropdown a {
color: #333 !important;
}
.navbar-nav>.open>a {
background: #e7e7e7 !important;
}
.dropdown-menu>li>a:hover {
background: #eee !important;
color: #333;
}
.dropdown-menu>li>a:focus {
background: #eee !important;
color: #333;
}
.dropdown:active {
background: #eee;
}
.dropdown-menu {
background: #f5f6f7 !important;
}
.dropdown-menu>li>a {
background: #f5f6f7;
color: #333;
}
.dropdown-submenu {
background: #f5f6f7;
}
.divider {
background: #e5e5e5 !important;
}
.breadcrumbs-container {
padding-left: 5px;
}
.breadcrumb {
background: #f5f6f7;
}
.breadcrumb>.active {
color: #333;
}
.breadcrumb span {
color: #333;
}
.breadcrumb a {
color: #007aff;
}
.info {
color: #656565;
background: #fff;
}
.info-block .info-render {
color: #656565;;
}
.markdown-body {
color: #24292e !important;
}
.markdown-body a {
color: #0366d6;
text-decoration: none;
}
.markdown-body table th {
background: #efefef;
border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.markdown-body table td {
background: #fff;
border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.markdown-body pre {
color: #24292e;
background: #f6f8fa;
}
.read-only {
color: #444;
background: #fb959e;
}
.back-button {
color: #007aff;
background: #f6f8fa;
}
.edit-button {
background: rgba(0,0,0,0);
}
.io-block .io-virtual-content {
background: #E2FBC9;
}
.io-block .io-virtual-content .header label {
color: #333 !important;
font-weight: bold !important;
}
.sk-cube-grid .sk-cube {
background-color: #333;
}
.spinner-wrapper--bg {
background-color: #7ccff4;
}
/*ICM*/
.icm-menu-button::before {
background: linear-gradient(#7ccff4 20%, transparent 20%, transparent 40%, #7ccff4 40%, #7ccff4 60%, transparent 60%, transparent 80%, #7ccff4 80%)
}
.icm-menu {
background-color: #f5f6f7;
}
.icm-morph-shape {
fill: #f5f6f7;
}
.icm-icon-list span{
color: #333;
}
/*END_ICM*/
.ajs-dialog {
background: #fff !important;
}
.ajs-body {
color: #000 !important;
}
.ajs-footer {
background: #fff !important;
}
.ajs-button {
color: #333 !important;
background: #fff !important;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.ajs-ok{
color: #3593d2 !important;
}
.ajs-input,
.form-control {
color: #333;
background: #fff !important;
border: 1px solid rgb(118, 118, 118) !important;
}
/*NOK*/
.generic-block .generic-content {
background: #C0DFEB;
border: 1px solid #777;
}
.io-block .io-fpga-content {
background: #FBFBC9;
border: 1px solid #777 !important;
}
.select2-container--default .select2-selection--single {
border: 1px solid #aaa;
border-radius: 4px;
background-color: #fff;
}
.select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__rendered {
color: #333;
}
.select2-selection__clear {
color: #777;
}
/*NOK*/
.select2-container--default .select2-selection--single .select2-selection__arrow b {
border-color: #777 transparent transparent transparent;
}
.constant-block .constant-content input {
border: 1px solid #777;
background-color: #fff;
}
.io-block .io-fpga-content .header label{
text-transform:uppercase;
}
.memory-block .memory-content {
background: #FBFBC9;
border: 1px solid #777;
}
.constant-block .constant-content{
background: #FBFBC9;
border: 1px solid #777;
}
/*NOK*/
.config-block {
background: #FBFBC9 !important;
}
.code-block .code-content {
background: #C0DFEB;
border: 1px solid #777;
}
.info-block .info-content {
background: #DDD;
border: 1px solid #777;
}
.io-block .io-virtual-content {
border: 1px solid #777;
}
.io-block .io-virtual-content {
border: 1px solid #777 !important;
background-size: cover !important;
border-radius:5px !important;
mix-blend-mode: screen;
}
.io-block .io-virtual-content .header {
margin-top: 12px;
}
.highlight{
border: 6px solid rgba(255,0,0,1) !important;
border-radius: 13px;
width: 120px;
height: 64px !important;
position: relative;
top: -25px;
padding-top: 19px !important;
left: -13px
}
.greyedout{
opacity: 0.2;
}
/* Label-Finder */
.lFinder-popup{
display: block;
opacity: 1;
position: fixed;
width: 500px;
height: 42px;
background: #f5f6f7;
top: 40px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
z-index: 999;
border: 1px solid rgba(220,220,220,1);
border-radius: 4px;
box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgb(0 0 0 / 18%);
animation: fadeIn 0.2s ease;
}
.lifted{
opacity: 1;
top: -100px;
animation: fadeOut 0.2s ease;
}
@keyframes fadeIn{
0% {opacity: 0;
top: -100px;}
100% {opacity: 1;
top: 42px; }
}
@keyframes fadeOut{
0% {opacity: 1;
top: 42px;}
100% {opacity: 0;
top: -100px; }
}
.lFinder-advanced--toggle {
position: absolute;
width: 8px;
height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 10px;
content: url(/resources/images/icons/light_chevron-right.svg);
opacity: 0.3;
}
.lFinder-advanced--toggle:hover{
opacity: 1;
}
.lFinder-advanced--toggle.on{
transform: rotate(90deg);
}
.lFinder-case--option {
position: absolute;
width: 20px;
height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 50px;
content: url(/resources/images/icons/light_case-sensitive.svg);
opacity: 0.3;
}
.lFinder-case--option.on {
opacity: 1;
}
.lFinder-exact--option {
position: absolute;
width: 15px;
height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 85px;
content: url(/resources/images/icons/light_exact-match.svg);
opacity: 0.3;
}
.lFinder-exact--option.on {
opacity: 1;
}
.lFinder-field {
position: absolute;
width: 155px;
height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 115px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,1);
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-radius: 4px;
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.75);
padding-left: 8px;
line-height: 30px;
padding-right: 50px;
}
.lFinder-field:focus{
border-radius: 4px;
outline: none;
}
.lFinder-field::placeholder{
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}
.items-found {
position: absolute;
line-height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 230px;
color: rgba(30,30,30,0.75);
}
.lFinder-find {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 30px;
left: 360px;
top: 5px;
text-align: center;
line-height: 30px;
color: #333;
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-radius: 4px;
opacity: 1;
background: #eee0;
}
.lFinder-find:hover {
opacity: 1;
background: #eeef;
}
.lFinder-prev {
position: absolute;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 275px;
color: #fff;
line-height: 30px;
border: 0px solid #fff;
border-radius: 4px;
text-align: center;
opacity: 0.3;
background: rgba(220,220,220,0);
content: url(/resources/images/icons/light_left-arrow.svg);
}
.lFinder-prev:hover {
opacity: 1;
}
.lFinder-next {
position: absolute;
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 310px;
color: #fff;
line-height: 30px;
border: 0px solid #fff;
border-radius: 4px;
text-align: center;
opacity: 0.3;
background: rgba(220,220,220,0);
content: url(/resources/images/icons/light_right-arrow.svg);
}
.lFinder-next:hover {
opacity: 1;
}
.lFinder-close {
position: absolute;
width: 10px;
height: 30px;
top: 0px;
right: 10px;
content: url(/resources/images/icons/light_cross.svg);
opacity: 0.3;
}
.lFinder-close:hover {
opacity: 1;
}
.lFinder-advanced {
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
width: 500px;
height: 0px;
top: 45px;
left: -1px;
background: #f5f6f7;
border: 1px solid rgba(220,220,220,1);
border-radius: 4px;
opacity: 0;
box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgb(0 0 0 / 18%);
animation: fadeOut_adv 0.2s ease;
}
.lFinder-advanced.show{
height: 77px;
opacity: 1;
animation: fadeIn_adv 0.2s ease;
}
@keyframes fadeIn_adv{
0% {opacity: 0;
height: 0px;}
100% {opacity: 1;
height: 75px; }
}
@keyframes fadeOut_adv{
0% {opacity: 1;
height: 75px;}
100% {opacity: 0;
height: 0px; }
}
.lFinder-name {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 30px;
left: 10px;
top: 5px;
color: rgba(30,30,30,0.5);
text-align: right;
line-height: 30px;
}
.lFinder-name--field {
position: absolute;
width: 160px;
height: 30px;
top: 5px;
left: 115px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,1);
border: 1px solid #eee;
border-radius: 4px;
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.75);
padding-left: 8px;
line-height: 30px;
padding-right: 8px;
}
.lFinder-name--field:focus{
border-radius: 4px;
outline: none;
}
.lFinder-color {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 30px;
top: 40px;
left: 10px;
text-align: right;
color: rgba(30,30,30,0.5);
line-height: 30px;
}
.lFinder-color--dropdown{
position: fixed;
width: 160px;
height: 30px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,1);
left: 115px;
top: 85px;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.lf-dropdown-title{
position: relative;
width: 160px;
height: 30px;
background: rgba(0,0,0,0);
border-radius: 4px;
line-height: 30px;
padding-left: 25px;
color: #333;
}
.lf-selected-color{
position: absolute;
width: 10px;
height: 10px;
left: 8px;
top: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
border: none !important;
}
.lf-dropdown-icon{
content: url(/resources/images/icons/light_chevron-right.svg);
position: absolute;
height: 10px;
width: 10px;
right: 8px;
top: 10px;
transform: rotate(90deg);
}
.lf-dropdown-menu{
width: 160px;
height: 0px;
position: relative;
top: 0px;
border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,1);
overflow-y: auto;
box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgb(0 0 0 / 18%);
animation: fadeOut_dropdown 0.2s ease;
}
.lf-dropdown-menu.show{
height: 300px;
animation: fadeIn_dropdown 0.2s ease;
}
@keyframes fadeIn_dropdown{
0% {opacity: 0;
height: 0px;}
100% {opacity: 1;
height: 300px; }
}
@keyframes fadeOut_dropdown{
0% {opacity: 1;
height: 300px;}
100% {opacity: 0;
height: 0px; }
}
.lf-dropdown-option{
position: relative;
width: 140px;
height: 30px;
color: #333;
line-height: 30px;
padding-left: 25px;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.lf-dropdown-option:hover{
color: #333;
background: #eee;
}
.lf-option-color{
position: absolute;
width: 10px;
height: 10px;
left: 8px;
top: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
border: none !important;
}
.lFinder-replace--name {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 30px;
background: rgba(220,220,220,0);
opacity: 1;
color: #333;
line-height: 30px;
text-align: center;
left: 280px;
top: 5px;
border-radius: 4px;
border: 1px solid #eee;
}
.lFinder-replace--name:hover{
opacity: 1;
background: #eeef;
}
.lFinder-change--color {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 30px;
background: rgba(220,220,220,0);
opacity: 1;
color: #333;
line-height: 30px;
text-align: center;
left: 280px;
top: 40px;
border-radius: 4px;
border: 1px solid #eee;
}
.lFinder-change--color:hover {
opacity: 1;
background: #eeef;
}
.lFinder-replace--all {
position: absolute;
width: 110px;
height: 30px;
right: 10px;
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``` |
Social security, in Australia, refers to a system of social welfare payments provided by Australian Government to eligible Australian citizens, permanent residents, and limited international visitors. These payments are almost always administered by Centrelink, a program of Services Australia. In Australia, most payments are means tested.
History
Prior to 1900 in Australia, charitable assistance from benevolent societies, sometimes with financial contributions from the authorities, was the primary means of relief for people not able to support themselves. The 1890s economic depression and the rise of the trade unions and the Labor parties during this period led to a movement for welfare reform.
In 1900, New South Wales and Victoria enacted legislation introducing non-contributory pensions for those aged 65 and over. Queensland legislated a similar system in 1907 before the Deakin government introduced a national aged pension under the Invalid and Old-Aged Pensions Act 1908. A national invalid disability pension was started in 1910, and a national maternity allowance was introduced in 1912. The old age pension and invalid pension were restricted to those of "good character", and the maternity allowance was not given to Aboriginals, Asians, or Pacific Islanders. Also in 1907, the Harvester case created a living wage with the assumptions of a man with three children and a dependent wife, closer to subsistence than a comfortable existence.
In 1923, the Bruce-Page government announced plans to develop a comprehensive national social security scheme, which was typically referred to as National Insurance in line with the terminology used in Britain. The government established a royal commission on national insurance in 1923 and introduced a bill in 1928, which failed to pass before the government was defeated. The Lyons government later passed the National Health and Pensions Insurance Act 1938, which would have enacted the scheme but was ultimately abandoned in the lead-up to World War II. Lacking a national scheme forms of government welfare were administered by local and state governments. The introduction of various schemes, and improvements in them, were often secured after protest campaigns by unemployed community members.
During the Second World War, the federal government significantly accelerated the development of Australia's welfare state, led by Prime Minister John Curtin and Treasurer Ben Chifley. The Menzies government enacted a child endowment scheme in 1941 (superseding the 1927 New South Wales scheme), while the Curtin government enacted a widows' pension in 1942 (superseding the New South Wales 1926 scheme); a wife's allowance in 1943; additional allowances for the children of pensioners in 1943; and unemployment, sickness, and special benefits in 1945 (superseding the Queensland 1923 scheme). From the end of the Second World War until 1975, Australian governments had a policy of full employment, where the Commonwealth Employment Service helped people find paid employment that was suited to them, keeping the unemployment rate low.
The Social Services Legislation Amendment (Welfare Reform) Bill 2017 has changed several aspects of social security in Australia, and has been given assent to as of 11 April 2018. It includes a demerit-point system for not meeting welfare obligations. As of June 2018, former social security recipients who owe a debt to Centrelink will not be allowed to travel outside Australia until they have repaid their debt, with interest.
Contemporary welfare attitudes
Bert Kelly and Clyde Cameron popularised the term "dole bludger" in the 1970s, causing welfare recipients to be viewed as parasites upon "ordinary Australian" taxpayers. Prior to this, high unemployment was seen as a failure of the economy and government, not individual welfare recipients. Negative characterisations were challenged during the 1970s and 1980s by unemployed organisations. These organised numerous protests and marches, which typically demanded that governments do more to create work, that welfare payments match the cost of living, and that social security recipients not be subject to invasive and patronising treatment. Economists argue that Australia needs more unemployed people to control demand and therefore inflation. Current attitudes toward welfare in Australia can be separated into support for the welfare system and support for welfare recipients. A 2015 multivariate analysis using canonical correlation analysis identified five distinct profiles of welfare attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics.
The main attitude cluster was one toward support for the welfare system and welfare recipients. Having received government welfare in the past strongly predicted a person supporting the welfare system and its beneficiaries. The next most prominent attitude profile was summarised as 'the welfare system is good but the people on it are lazy and dependent'. This attitude profile was found among people receiving welfare payments that were either normative (e.g., the age pension) or where there is little expectation that a person will return to work (e.g. disability support pension). A 2017 study showed that overall, Australians held more negative attitudes toward welfare recipients than they did the welfare system. People with a history of receiving unemployment benefits had more negative welfare attitudes if they lived in areas where other community members had more negative attitudes.
Eligibility and exclusions
Australian citizens are eligible for various payments that they may be entitled to. New Zealand citizens have to pass a range of criteria to access different levels of payments, Permanent residents have to pass various waiting periods of between one and four years to become eligible for various levels of benefits.
Asylum seekers in Australia who have applied for a protection visa and whose bridging visa has expired have no access to Centrelink payments or other social services, nor Medicare benefits, and are not allowed to work. It was estimated in July 2022 that there were around 2000 people in this situation.
Legal framework
Social security payments and other benefits are currently made available under the following acts of parliament:
Social Security Act 1991
A New Tax System (Family Assistance) Act 1999
Student Assistance Act 1973
Paid Parental Leave Act 2010
Payments under the Social Security Act and the Student Assistance Act
These are available only to the "domestic students", i.e. Australian citizens and permanent residents, etc. These benefits are not available to the "international students".
ABSTUDY – offers a range of allowances to assist Indigenous students and New Apprentices.
Age Pension – for people planning for retirement or who are already retired aged 65 years and over.
Assistance for Isolated Children – for families with a child who cannot attend school locally because of distance or special needs.
Austudy Payment – for full-time students and New Apprentices aged 25 years or over.
Carer Allowance – for people who care for minors 16–17 and adults over 18 years with a disability.
Carer Allowance (Child) – for people who care for a child under 16 years with a disability.
Carer Payment – for people who provide full-time care for someone with a disability
Disability Support Pension – for people unable to work for 2 years due to illness, injury or disability.
Double Orphan Pension – for people who are raising children who have lost both parents.
Maternity Payment – for help with those extra costs after the birth of a new baby.
JobSeeker Payment – for people who are looking for employment.
Parenting Payment – for parents or guardians to help with the cost of raising children under 6 for partnered parents and under 8 for sole parents.
Pensioner Education Supplement – for people on pensions with education expenses.
Special Benefit – for people who are in financial hardship, have no way of supporting themselves and are not entitled to another payment (normally due to residency requirements)
Youth Allowance – for full-time students or New Apprentices aged 15 (under some circumstances) 16 to 24 and people aged under 21 who are undertaking job search or a combination of approved activities.
Income support
All Centrelink income support payments are payable fortnightly, usually by direct deposit into the recipient's bank account. They are also subject to a means test which calculates the recipient (and their partner's) fortnightly income and assets and affects the rate of their payment accordingly. As such, people on lower incomes may be entitled to part-payment of their allowance (subject to other qualification requirements). The assessment of income and assets varies greatly between different social security payments and the effect that income and assets have on each payment differs in that they have different income thresholds (i.e. how much income one can earn before it affects their payment) and different taper rates (the amount the payment drops by per dollar above these thresholds).
An individual may be precluded from claiming any of income support payments listed below for a certain number of weeks following receipt of a lump sum compensation payment, made wholly or partly in respect of lost earnings or lost capacity to earn resulting from personal injury (often received in settlement of a Workers' Compensation claim). The number of weeks for which the preclusion period applies to an individual is proportional the size of the lump sum payment they received. Centrelink has a discretion to reduce the duration of the preclusion period if it is satisfied that there exist special circumstances that make an individual's case out of the ordinary: for example, extreme financial hardship.
Age Pension
The age pension was the first payment made by the Australian Government, dating back to 1909. There is no automatic entitlement to an age pension in Australia, unlike in countries such as the UK or New Zealand. Taxpayer-funded pensions are means tested (similar to the UK's Pension Credit), effectively making them another type of benefit. Except for the mandatory superannuation scheme, workers do not contribute to a pension or insurance scheme in Australia, unlike pension schemes in many other countries.
The age pension is subject to a number of requirements:
the age pension is available to persons over what is referred to as the Age Pension age. The pension age has been increasing since 2017 by six-month periods every two years from the previous pension age of 65 years. On 1 July 2021, the pension age became 66 years and 6 months, and from 1 July 2023, the pension age will increase to 67, the proposed cap.
a residency requirement requires an applicant to have been a resident in Australia for the last 10 years, with no break in residency for 5 of those years, and be in Australia on the day the application is lodged. If the applicant is a resident in one of the 31 country with which Australia has an International Social Security Agreement, residence in that country may count towards the minimum 10-year residence requirement. The applicant may be entitled to other residency exemptions.
income and assets tests apply and determine how much an applicant can receive, if anything. Deeming rules are used to assess income from financial assets. Since 1 January 2015, the deeming rules also apply to account-based income streams.
JobSeeker Payment
JobSeeker Payment is the main unemployment benefit paid to eligible Australians and permanent residents aged 22 to 64. To be eligible, a person must apply for the benefit and be actively seeking work, undertaking approved training or performing approved volunteer work. On 1 July 1991, the "Newstart Allowance" replaced the Unemployment Benefit (UB) which had been unchanged since 1945. It was part of a government reform called Newstart – the Active Employment Strategy.
The Newstart Allowance was formally renamed to the JobSeeker Payment on 20 March 2020.
A job seeker receiving this payment is paid on the basis of a 'mutual agreement' between the customer and Centrelink, where Centrelink will continue to pay fortnightly payments to the customer for so long as the customer attempts to find employment and fulfills their mutual obligation requirements. These mutual agreements are negotiated between Centrelink and the job seeker, and often includes participation in the jobactive program. These agreements are then recorded in a "Job Plan", a written document which outlines the personal process for an individual to no longer need the JobSeeker Payment. Activities to which a job seeker may have to agree, in order to continue receiving the Newstart Allowance, include applying for a specific number of jobs (usually ten) per fortnight and recording these applications in a Centrelink issued diary, undertaking vocational education or training, paid work experience, participation in a labour market program or Work for the Dole project, and other activities, such as voluntary work if considered appropriate by Centrelink. For example, more elderly customers who have been made redundant and are approaching the age pension age, and who may face considerable difficulties re-entering the labour market, are often permitted to fulfil their plan by engaging in voluntary activities alone. A job seeker has to nominate and engage in one activity (for example, either a vocational education activity or Work for the Dole activity) in any one mutual obligation period (lasting six months at a time).
Clients are not expected to engage in the more intensive of these activities as soon as their receipt of the allowance commences. The amount of activity required on behalf of the client in order to continue receiving his/her benefit is usually staggered as follows:
Ordinarily, during the first three months of unemployment, a job seeker has no other obligations but to submit a fortnightly Application For Payment form at the local office. The form asks the applicant a number of questions about his /her circumstances and for the basic details of four positions for which the job seeker applied in the last fortnight. Customers may also be required to make up to 10 'Job Search Contacts' per fortnight (dependent on the local labour market and their personal circumstances) and record the details of these jobs within a specifically issued Job Seeker Diary for a given period of time. The job seeker then takes the Application For Payment form personally to the local Centrelink Office. He will then attend a short one-on-one interview with a Centrelink officer. The interview is usually for the purposes of checking that the application form is in order and that the applicant is aware of any appointments that may need to be attended, and obligations that may need to be met. The client at this stage also has the opportunity to talk to a Centrelink officer about any problems the client may be encountering without having to make a prior appointment first.
If after an initial three months of unemployment, during which the job seeker has only to hand in the fortnightly application form and record the Job Seeker Diary, the client remains unemployed; the client will be required to attend appointments with a Job Services Australia provider whose responsibility it is to assist the client to re-enter the workforce. The job seeker also has to attend a two-week training course which focuses on job-searching skills such as writing resumes and attending interviews.
If the customer remains unemployed for twelve months, they are then subject to the Work Experience Phase of their Employment Pathway Plan, which consists of more intensive assistance involving the activities listed above such as Work for the Dole, accredited study, part-time work, volunteer work or a combination of these. A Job Services Australia provider may require a JobSeeker recipient to do voluntary work (up to 15 hours a week), for which clients receive a supplement to their benefit of $20.80 per fortnight. The supplement is also paid to Work for the Dole participants. They must also continue to apply for 4 or more positions at the same time to meet their mutual obligations.
If the client becomes long-term unemployed (24 months or longer), the client's activity requirements will usually consist of another Work Experience Phase style activity for six months in any twelve-month period. (Australia's unemployment benefits do not have a time limit: it is, in theory, possible to remain on unemployment benefits for the whole of one's adult life).
The JobSeeker rates are adjusted on 20 March and 20 September each year. , the basic JobSeeker rate for a single unemployed person without children was A$501 per fortnight. However, this basic rate does not include supplemental payments—including include Rent Assistance of up to A$121.00 per fortnight—and other supplements such as Pharmaceutical Allowance, Telephone Allowance, Remote Area Allowance, Training Supplement, and the Work for the Dole Supplement; which are paid depending on personal circumstances and activity. Rates differ for married couples, registered relationships or de facto couples (including same-sex or opposite-sex couples) and persons with children. Despite significant increases in the cost of living, the increases to Newstart/JobSeeker have not kept pace with inflation. The initial income threshold has only risen from 1987's $60 to $62 in 2000.
On 1 March 2010, the Australian Government introduced changes to Disability Employment Services (DES). Multiple existing programs were streamlined into two clearly distinct programs, making assessment and referral processes less complex.
All eligible job seekers with disability have access to individually tailored services which meet their needs including capacity building, training, work experience and other 'interventions' to help participants obtain and maintain suitable employment . DES providers support and manage a participant's condition in the workplace, along with providing ongoing support in the workplace for as long as it is required.
New compliance rules were introduced on 1 July 2011, dealing with client meetings with a DES provider and payment suspension. Data released in mid-November 2013 showed that the number of welfare recipients had grown by 55%. In 2007 228,621 Newstart Allowance recipients were registered, a total that increased to 646,414 in March 2013.
In January 2014, Patrick McClure was appointed by the Abbott government to a review targeting benefits on people in receipt of Newstart Allowance and the Disability Support Pension, due to report in February 2014.
In the 2016 Australian federal budget, the Turnbull government planned to cease the clean-energy supplement of $4.40 for people beginning Newstart after 20 September.
In October 2017, the Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS) stated that the Newstart Allowance was $160 below the poverty line. In May 2018, the Business Council of Australia also advocated for increasing the Newstart Allowance, saying that it is impossible to live on. In March 2018, Newstart was raised by 50 cents per day, which was criticised as inadequate. After handing down the 2018 Australian federal budget, Treasurer Scott Morrison rejected calls to increase the rate of the Newstart Allowance, saying "my priority is to give tax relief to people who are working and paying taxes". Newstart had not been increased since 1994, when it was increased by $2.95 per week.
In 2018, the Anti-Poverty Network of South Australia, with the Newstart Choir, recorded a revised version of the 'It's Time' song used by the Australian Labor Party in 1972 to win the election after 23 years of Conservative Government. The song is a campaign to the Australian Labor Party to commit, if elected at the next federal election, to raising Newstart.
In September 2018, the base Newstart rate was raised by $2.20 per week.
On 22 February 2021, Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced that the JobSeeker base rate would be increased by A$50 a fortnight from April 2021. The JobSeeker Payment will rise to A$614 a fortnight, with an estimated cost over forward estimates of A$9 billion. It is also intended to increase the threshold amount recipients can earn before their payment starts to be reduced. The mutual obligations that a recipient must follow also became more demanding.
The Albanese government announced that existing mutual obligation penalties would be wiped clean from people's records as the government transitioned to the Workforce Australia system. Under Workforce Australia, JobSeekers will have to earn 100 points per month and report them online, including 4 job searches per month, with a list of approved activities each given different points values. In addition to activities that can earn points, jobseekers must attend meetings with job agencies to keep their payments, which can be up to 90 minutes away. A jobseeker in a remote area has had to spend over 7 hours away from home in order to attend job agency meetings. Furthermore, a jobseeker has been forced to choose between attending work and attending required job agency meetings.
Coronavirus assistance
In 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and to assist people in isolation and encourage Australia's economic recovery, supplementary payments were added to the basic welfare payments. An additional per fortnight 'Coronavirus Supplement' was paid, originally only for six months, starting on 27 April and finishing on 24 September 2020.
On 20 July, it was announced that the Supplement would be extended, but in altered form, beyond 24 September. After 24 September, the rate was reduced to $250 per fortnight. On 1 December, it reduced to $150 per fortnight. The Supplement ceased on schedule after 31 March 2021.
The Coronavirus Supplement was paid to recipients of:
JobSeeker Payment, Partner Allowance, Widow Allowance, Sickness Allowance and Wife Pension
Youth Allowance for job seekers
Youth Allowance for students and apprentices
Austudy for students and apprentices
ABSTUDY for students getting Living Allowance
Parenting Payment partnered and single
Farm Household Allowance
Special Benefit
In addition, there was also a once-off $750 Economic Support Payment (ESP) paid from late March to eligible JobSeeker Payment and other recipients. A second ESP was only available to those who did not receive the Coronavirus Supplement.
Temporary COVID Disaster Payment
On 3 June 2021, after Victoria's fourth COVID lockdown was extended by a week, the Federal Government announced the 'Temporary COVID Disaster Payment' for people who lose work as a result of lockdowns, of at least 7 days length. These people may be eligible to receive A$325 or A$500 per week, depending on hours of work lost.
Youth Allowance
Youth Allowance is an income support payment available to unemployed young people aged 16 to 21 (aged 18 to 24 if a full-time student and Australian Apprentices). Youth Allowance recipients are considered to either be dependent on a caregiver(s), or independent. The underlying philosophy of Youth Allowance is that legal guardians are responsible for supporting their children where they have the means if that young person has not lived independently from them.
Dependent recipients are subject to the Parental Income Test and Family Assets Test, unless a parent is in receipt of a specified income support payment themselves. A dependent Youth Allowance recipients may be exempt from the Parental Income Test if their parent is in receipt of an income support payment themselves. A dependent recipient's rate of payment will be reduced as a result of parental income above the parental income free area, although the parental income free area can be increased by sibling concessions.
Dependent Youth Allowance recipients may also be subject to the Family Actual Means Test (FAMT) which applies where the parent is self-employed, involved in a trust or company or several other categories. The rationale behind the FAMT is that the taxable income on which Youth Allowance is normally based may not accurately reflect the true financial means of parents in these categories. It asks for details of the family's spending on living expenses during the relevant tax year and extrapolates an equivalent notional taxable income from this. Sole traders involved in primary production and parents receiving drought assistance such as Exceptional Circumstances Relief Payment are exempt.
All Youth Allowance recipients are subject to the Personal Income Test, which takes into account any income they may earn through part-time or casual work. If an independent Youth Allowance customer has a partner, then their income will be included under the Partner Income Test.
Youth Allowance has lower payment rates for recipients who live with a parent or guardian compared to those who live away from home. Recipients living 'away from home' may also be eligible for Rent Assistance.
15-year-olds can also receive Youth Allowance if they are defined as independent and are over the school leaving age in the state of residence. The school leaving age is 17 in all states and territories of Australia.
Youth Allowance was introduced from July 1998 and replaced Youth Training Allowance and Newstart Allowance for job seekers under 21 and AUSTUDY for students under 25.
In 2009 a number of significant changes to Youth Allowance were announced in that year's Federal Budget. Some of the proposed changes included introducing new scholarships for university students, and changes to the independence criteria and Parental Income Test. These changes were passed by Parliament on 17 March 2010. The changes will be implemented over a number of years, beginning with the introduction of new scholarships from 1 April 2010.
In the 2011–12 Budget, the Australian Government announced that from 1 July 2012, Youth Allowance (other) was to be extended to 21-year-olds (21-year-olds were eligible for Newstart Allowance). 21-year-olds who were on Newstart Allowance, or who had applied for it, by 1 July 2012 were not affected by the change.
Austudy Payment
The Austudy Payment was originally known as the AUSTUDY Scheme (January 1987–June 1998), an all-ages study allowance, but since the introduction of Youth Allowance (see above) it has been reserved for the over-25s. To qualify, one must be an Australian resident, over 25, and studying full-time at an approved education institution. However, students who were receiving a Youth Allowance prior to turning 25 and are still pursuing the same course of study continue to receive a Youth Allowance until they finish (or otherwise terminate) their course.
Unlike Youth Allowance, Austudy recipients are considered to be independent and are not subject to the Parental Income Test, Family Assets Test and the Family Actual Means Test. As part of the 2007 Australian federal budget, Austudy Payment recipients were eligible for Rent Assistance from 1 January 2008. Prior to 1 January 2008, Rent Assistance was not payable with Austudy. Like most Centrelink payments, Austudy Payments are subject to a personal and/or partner income and assets test.
ABSTUDY
ABSTUDY (The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Study Assistance Scheme) is a welfare payment for Indigenous Australians undergoing some form of study. All Indigenous students at secondary or tertiary institutions, as well as those studying by correspondence, and primary students who turned 14 prior to 1 January of their current year of study. To qualify as Indigenous, a student must be of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent by Centrelink standards and be a current Australian citizen. ABSTUDY is tailored according to income tests, and the status of partners, guardians, and dependent children.
Whilst this payment is administered through Centrelink, the payment is made under ABSTUDY Policy. The responsibility for ABSTUDY Policy rests with the Minister of Education and the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, and is not contained within the Social Security Act 1991.
Disability Support Pension
The Disability Support Pension (DSP) provides income support for people who suffer a long-term disability, which in the opinion of an assessor they will not recover from in the next two years, and which will render them unable to work or participate in a training activity enabling them to work. The basic rate for a single person is A$782.20 (as at March 2015); different rates apply to persons under 18 with no children, and to couples, married, de facto or in a same-sex relationship. The payment is income and assets-tested. However, if an applicant is permanently blind, they can receive DSP without income and assets tests, and without needing to prove any inability to work, etc. DSP can take a while to process, so as a temporary measure claimants are placed on another payment (e.g. Newstart with a medical certificate to cover the activity tests) while the payment is being assessed; once granted it is backdated to the claim date at the higher DSP rate.
In the 2011 Australian federal budget, there were changes introduced to the Disability Support Pension, including that people under the age of 35 would be placed onto the Newstart Allowance for the first 18 months. Furthermore, the eligibility criteria for the DSP became more strict under the Gillard government.
Patrick McClure was in January 2014 appointed by the Abbott government to a review targeting benefits on people in receipt of Newstart Allowance and the Disability Support Pension, reporting in February 2014. Eligibility criteria for the DSP has been made more strict, and unsuccessful claimants can only receive the Newstart Allowance, which pays $170 less per week. According to the Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), between 2010 and 2016 there was a large drop in successful claims to the DSP. To be eligible for the DSP, a person's condition must be "fully diagnosed, fully treated and fully stabilised", which has had the unintended consequence of making it harder for cancer patients to access the DSP – unless their condition is terminal.
Sickness Allowance
A Sickness Allowance was paid for those currently suffering an illness, injury, or disability (short-term i.e. less than two years), are employed, and have no access to leave or have used all their leave. It was paid under the Newstart system without an Activity Test. Sickness Allowance was equal to the Newstart Allowance but only one of these payments can be claimed (you don't get both). In order to be granted a Sickness Allowance you had to be registered with Centrelink, which includes reporting your earned income each fortnight through your myGov account. You automatically ceased being eligible for either payment if your earned income exceeds the allowance-rate over three consecutive fortnightly reporting periods. Once ineligible you become subject to a waiting period before being paid any applicable welfare payment (whether it be Newstart or Sickness, or any other payment). This waiting period, known as the exclusion period was generally six weeks however can be up to ten weeks in which you will have to survive on your own, without any government benefits. This waiting/exclusion period was not backdated, so any payment approved by Centrelink will start only once the exclusion period is exhausted.
Carer Payment
A Carer Payment is made to those providing a level of care to someone who is ill, injured or has a disability. A medical certificate and other supporting documentation is required. Centrelink does not offer any related services for Carers, nor does it provide any other support or welfare follow-up, nor does it carry out any process to ensure, or validate, actual service delivery. Carers are wholly responsible for their caring duties which is negotiated between the Carer and Caree' on an individual and personal-needs basis.
Parenting Payment
A payment for those who are principal carers of dependent children under the age of 6 for partnered customers and children under the age of 8 for single customers. Parenting Payment Partnered is classified as an allowance and Parenting Payment Single is classified as a pension.
A controversial decision by the Labor party in 2006 and 2013, to transfer sole parents to the lower Newstart payment, has placed sole parents well below the poverty line. Welfare groups have reported these parents, 82.3% of which are women (ABS 2011), are turning to prostitution (because of the cash in hand options), have given up their education and are sleeping in their cars. This decision was made as an incentive for parents to seek work, as 57% of primary residential mothers work and 70% of primary residential fathers work (ABS 2011). With one quarter of single parent households headed by a single parent being 896,542 families (17.7% male & 82.3% female, ABS 2011)
Parenting Payment Partnered uses an individual and a partner income test to determine the rate of payment with benefit withdrawal rates of 60 cents in the dollar (as of 1 July 2007) on income over the legislated limits. A partner's gross earnings are assessed as shared, regardless of individual tax already paid. If, for example, the breadwinner is currently paying 30 per cent personal tax, the effective marginal tax rate (EMTR) after benefit withdrawal is 90 percent of earnings above the legislated limit (the EMTR prior to 1 July 2007 is 100% as the benefit withdrawal rate is 70% of the partner's earnings above the legislated income limit).
Additional and supplementary payments
Rent Assistance
Income support recipients who are classed as non-homeowners and pay more than a required amount of board or rent for accommodation are eligible for Rent Assistance payments. This payment is paid as part of the income support payment. Verification of the rent details is required, either a lease or by completing a Rent Certificate every six months. The amount of rent assistance a recipient is eligible for depends on the amount of rent one is paying. The basic rate for a single person with no children and not sharing accommodation is as follows. As at 28 January 2010, Rent Assistance begins to be paid when a renter's fortnightly rent is in excess of A$99.40. For every dollar in excess of this amount, Rent Assistance pays A$0.75, up to a maximum of A$111.80 per fortnight. The maximum amount payable is lower for those sharing accommodation, in which case it is A$74.53. Different rates apply to couples, couples separated by illness, couples temporarily separated and singles and couples with dependent children. An example of an income support payment is the Newstart Allowance which comprises a base rate plus rent assistance. An "income support payment" is an umbrella term (or classification of payment) which is sometimes used instead of detailing the name of the particular payment. It does not represent a payment of its own but could mean any one of Centrelink's welfare payments, e.g. the Newstart Allowance is an income support payment.
Pharmaceutical Allowance
A payment of A$6.00 per fortnight for those receiving certain Centrelink payments, to help cover the cost of prescription medicines. The amount covers the cost of one prescription per fortnight for a concession card holder eligible for the concessional rate of medicines (A$5.90 per script from 1 January 2013). This payment is only given if you are able to prove to Centrelink that you require prescribed medication. A Centrelink Medical Certificate can be obtained online from my.gov.au or from a branch, which will need to be filled out by a registered medical professional and then submitted to Centrelink for consideration. This allowance can drop-off on its own so recipients must call Centrelink to notify them of this, when or if this occurs. Undercalculated payments can take one business day to correct however an underpayment is more likely to be paid in your next fortnightly pay with your regular entitlement. which are covered under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, which covers most prescription medicines available.
Telephone Allowance
A payment issued quarterly to eligible customers receiving pension payments, to help cover the cost of telephone bills. Eligible customers must have a telephone service subscribed in their name to be eligible for Telephone Allowance. There are two rates payable: a basic rate of A$23.40 and a higher rate of A$35.20. JobSeeker Recipients are not eligible.
A New Tax System (Family Assistance) Act 1999
Payments made under the A New Tax System (Family Assistance) Act 1999 include:
Family Tax Benefit Part A – for parents or carers to help with the cost of raising children.
Family Tax Benefit Part B – for single income families or sole parents.
Maternity Immunisation Allowance – for fully immunised children or those exempt from immunisation
Child Care Benefit – for families to help with the cost of child care.
Schoolkids Bonus – for families for the cost of education for children in primary and secondary school.
Family Tax Benefit
Family Tax Benefit is a per-child payment made through Services Australia to the people with at least 35 per cent of care for a child. Family Tax Benefit is income-tested on a family's adjusted taxable income in the given financial year. Income support recipients are exempt from the income test and are entitled to the maximum rate of payment.
Payments can be paid in fortnightly instalments or as a lump sum payment at the end of the year. For Family Tax Benefit paid in instalments, the income test is based on an estimate of adjusted taxable income that is reconciled after the recipient has lodged their tax return. The reconciliation process compares the estimated income with their actual income.
Centrelink debt is accrued for overpayments, when customers underestimate their income.
A top-up payment is granted at the end of the year, when customers overestimate their income which can be used to repay outstanding Centrelink debt.
Childless persons, or non-parents, are not entitled to the Family Tax Benefit payments.
Family Tax Benefit Part B is paid based on the lower of the recipient and their partner's income, or, for a single parent at the maximum rate.
Maternity Immunisation Allowance
Maternity Immunisation Allowance is paid to parents whose children who have received all immunisations specified by the national immunisation schedule by the time they are 2 years old. Alternatively, if the parents object to immunisation on any grounds and inform Centrelink of this, they may also receive this allowance. The allowance ceased on 1 July 2012.
Child Care Benefit
Child Care Benefit assists Australian parents with the cost of approved and registered child care. It is a means tested payment and is based on the recipient's taxable income; low income families receive the highest rate of Child Care Benefit.
The Australian Government spent approximately $2.1 billion on Child Care Benefit to assist families with the cost of child care in the financial year ending 30 June 2011.
Schoolkids Bonus
In May 2012, the Australian Government abolished the Education Tax Refund (ETR) that allowed families to claim a refund for education expenses through the Australian Taxation Office (ATO). The Schoolkids Bonus replaced the ETR from 1 January 2013. The Schoolkids Bonus aimed to assist families and students with the costs of education for children in primary and secondary school. The School Kids Bonus is paid in 2 equal instalments each year in January and July.
Paid Parental Leave Scheme
The Paid Parental Leave Scheme provides financial support to eligible working parents of newborn or recently adopted children. Under the scheme, the government funds employers to provide Parental Leave Pay or Dad and Partner Pay to their eligible employees.
Parental Leave Pay is paid to the child's primary carer and eligible parents for up to 18 weeks of pay based on the rate of National Minimum Wage. Dad and Partner Pay is for eligible working dads or partners (including adopting parents and same-sex couples) for up to two weeks of pay based on the rate of National Minimum Wage.
This scheme does not apply to casual employees who do not have paid leave entitlements. Women who are engaged in casual rate employment who are ineligible for paid maternity leave and who are unable to continue employment due to pregnancy are not entitled to the Paid Parental Leave Scheme. Unemployed pregnant women may be eligible to apply for an income support payment however normal eligibility criteria applies.
Concession cards
The following concession cards are issued by Centrelink:
Health Care Card – primarily entitles holder to PBS medications at the concession rate. This green paper card is the basic and most common Health Care Card which is sent to a recipient of a payment by post shortly after receiving their first payment and then each year before expiry, if still eligible. This card is given to those not eligible for a Commonwealth Seniors Concession, or Pensioner Concession Card. This card has secondary benefits, including cheaper public transport in some states, upon application. In order to gain a transport concession a separate application for concession needs to be made to the Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure and if successful, a transport concession card will be mailed to you. Heavy fines apply for using public transport on a concession-priced ticket without holding a valid transport concession card. A general Health Care Card does not entitle the bearer to transport concessions. Only Pensioner and Commonwealth Seniors Concession Card holders can apply for a transport concession card.
Commonwealth Seniors Health Card – a HCC issued to senior citizens
Pensioner Concession Card – this offers additional benefits to the Pensioner, including pensioner transportation fares (in some areas), and a certain number of free country rail journeys within the holder's state. Pensioners can enjoy discounted postal services including discounted stamps, and a whole range of discounted services including discounted cinema tickets, discounted meals when dining out, discounted hair cuts and discounts on all utility and home service costs.
Prisons and psychiatric hospitals
Persons imprisoned or admitted to a psychiatric institution are generally not eligible to receive benefits for the duration of imprisonment or admission. (However, it may be payable if a psychiatric stay is classed as rehabilitation.) The benefits resume upon release or discharge. However, upon release or discharge from imprisonment or psychiatric hospitalisation of more than two weeks, the claimant is entitled to an additional payment equal to seven days of their regular payment, to help with adjustment.
Review of social security decisions
Every decision made under social security law is to be in writing and given sufficient notice, usually in a letter. Applications for review of such decisions may be lodged at any time, but depending on the decision remedial action may only be taken if the review is received within 13 weeks of receiving notice, for decisions made under the Social Security act, or 52 weeks for decisions made under Family assistance law. At the bottom of each letter informing customers of a Centrelink decision, a "your rights" box informs individuals of potential avenues for review.
Internal review
Legislation ultimately governs the decision-making process, and Centrelink policy guidelines provide the lens through which legislation is interpreted by Centrelink Customer Service Advisers (CSAs). However, notwithstanding legislation and policy, there are still many areas in which significant discretion is afforded to the decision maker, which may be subject to internal and external review.
Original decision maker (ODM) review
Centrelink possesses a prescribed two-tiered system of internal review. The initial stage is the ODM Review, where the matter is brought back to the CSA for reconsideration. This is a wholly intra-office process and functions as an initial check on the decision, and the appeal progresses further from the ODM only if necessary. Many reviews are due to legislative changes, administrative errors, provision of new customer documentation, or customer disagreement with the decision. There is also the opportunity for the customer to make a formal written complaint. However, many individuals may not wish to have the same CSA make another decision, which may even lead to confusion as to whether internal review has actually taken place.
Once the ODM review has been completed it should contain the relevant legislative provisions, any new information considered, and a determination stating whether the original decision has been set aside, affirmed or varied.
Authorised review officer (ARO) review
If the individual is not satisfied, an Authorised Review Officer (ARO), an officer delegated review powers from the Secretary for the purposes of social security law, may affirm, vary, or set aside the original decision. Although an employee of the Centrelink, an ARO is not to defend ODM decisions as it is a strong principle that the ARO is independent of the situation and has no previous involvement in the case. Nevertheless, AROs also look at legislation with the same policy guidelines as CSAs.
External review
The Social Security Appeals Tribunal – SSAT
A customer dissatisfied with an internal review of a decision may apply to the Social Security Appeals Tribunal (SSAT) to review a decision affirmed, varied or set aside by internal review, subject to some exceptions. The SSAT generally has the same powers as the Secretary, and may affirm, vary, set aside and substitute a decision or return the matter to Centrelink with recommendations. SSAT hearings are generally informal, confidential and not bound by the Laws of Evidence.
Experience has indicated that at the SSAT more weighting goes towards the legislation as opposed to policy guidelines. Welfare advocacy groups such as the Welfare Rights Centre are often involved in providing legal help to individuals affected by Centrelink decisions. There is no Welfare Rights Centre in South Australia so complaints are to be raised with Centrelink directly.
As of 1 July 2015, the SSAT is no longer is a separate tribunal. Alongside the Migration Review Tribunal and the Refugee Review Tribunal, the SSAT has instead merged with the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT). Decisions deemed reviewable by the ARO are now heard in the Social Services and Child Support Division of the AAT. The primary functions of the SSAT as the first tier of the review process have been converted and are now known as the 'AAT first review'. Therefore, the traditional two-tier review process has morphed in light of the amalgamation but it has nevertheless been preserved within the AAT.
2019, SACAT South Australian Civil Administrative Tribunal deals with rental properties and issues between renters and landlords and agents, as well as deals with various licensing matters and handles reviews of mental health treatment orders including investigating and revoking involuntary psychiatric confinement orders, commonly enforced by the authoritarian Government.
The AAT and the courts
A decision may be reviewed by the AAT on AAT "first review", after which it can be reviewed again on AAT "second review" if an applicant is unhappy after the first review. Further appeals (on questions of law only) are available to the Federal Court and High Court.
The Ombudsman
The Commonwealth Ombudsman does not conduct a merits review (as would the ARO, SSAT or AAT), but considers the administrative decision-making process employed by Centrelink to reach the decision or carry out the action complained of.
Where the Ombudsman concludes that there has been a deficiency in Centrelink's action (for examples) the Ombudsman may make recommendations to Centrelink for remedial action. This may result in Centrelink changing their decision, or providing a better explanation of their decision.
Investigations by the Ombudsman are usually result from a complaint about a decision or action of Centrelink, and in the process of an investigation the Ombudsman is entitled to view Centrelink records and ask questions of Centrelink staff. While the Ombudsman does not have coercive powers to make Centrelink change a decision or act in a certain way, recommendations made by the Ombudsman are rarely rejected.
See also
Economic history
Cashless Welfare Card
Welfare
Social safety net
Welfare reform
Unemployment benefits
References
External links
Services Australia
Commonwealth Ombudsman
Administrative Appeals Tribunal
Retirement in Australia
Poverty in Australia |
```javascript
var QRErrorCorrectLevel = require('./QRErrorCorrectLevel');
function QRRSBlock(totalCount, dataCount) {
this.totalCount = totalCount;
this.dataCount = dataCount;
}
QRRSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE = [
// L
// M
// Q
// H
// 1
[1, 26, 19],
[1, 26, 16],
[1, 26, 13],
[1, 26, 9],
// 2
[1, 44, 34],
[1, 44, 28],
[1, 44, 22],
[1, 44, 16],
// 3
[1, 70, 55],
[1, 70, 44],
[2, 35, 17],
[2, 35, 13],
// 4
[1, 100, 80],
[2, 50, 32],
[2, 50, 24],
[4, 25, 9],
// 5
[1, 134, 108],
[2, 67, 43],
[2, 33, 15, 2, 34, 16],
[2, 33, 11, 2, 34, 12],
// 6
[2, 86, 68],
[4, 43, 27],
[4, 43, 19],
[4, 43, 15],
// 7
[2, 98, 78],
[4, 49, 31],
[2, 32, 14, 4, 33, 15],
[4, 39, 13, 1, 40, 14],
// 8
[2, 121, 97],
[2, 60, 38, 2, 61, 39],
[4, 40, 18, 2, 41, 19],
[4, 40, 14, 2, 41, 15],
// 9
[2, 146, 116],
[3, 58, 36, 2, 59, 37],
[4, 36, 16, 4, 37, 17],
[4, 36, 12, 4, 37, 13],
// 10
[2, 86, 68, 2, 87, 69],
[4, 69, 43, 1, 70, 44],
[6, 43, 19, 2, 44, 20],
[6, 43, 15, 2, 44, 16],
// 11
[4, 101, 81],
[1, 80, 50, 4, 81, 51],
[4, 50, 22, 4, 51, 23],
[3, 36, 12, 8, 37, 13],
// 12
[2, 116, 92, 2, 117, 93],
[6, 58, 36, 2, 59, 37],
[4, 46, 20, 6, 47, 21],
[7, 42, 14, 4, 43, 15],
// 13
[4, 133, 107],
[8, 59, 37, 1, 60, 38],
[8, 44, 20, 4, 45, 21],
[12, 33, 11, 4, 34, 12],
// 14
[3, 145, 115, 1, 146, 116],
[4, 64, 40, 5, 65, 41],
[11, 36, 16, 5, 37, 17],
[11, 36, 12, 5, 37, 13],
// 15
[5, 109, 87, 1, 110, 88],
[5, 65, 41, 5, 66, 42],
[5, 54, 24, 7, 55, 25],
[11, 36, 12],
// 16
[5, 122, 98, 1, 123, 99],
[7, 73, 45, 3, 74, 46],
[15, 43, 19, 2, 44, 20],
[3, 45, 15, 13, 46, 16],
// 17
[1, 135, 107, 5, 136, 108],
[10, 74, 46, 1, 75, 47],
[1, 50, 22, 15, 51, 23],
[2, 42, 14, 17, 43, 15],
// 18
[5, 150, 120, 1, 151, 121],
[9, 69, 43, 4, 70, 44],
[17, 50, 22, 1, 51, 23],
[2, 42, 14, 19, 43, 15],
// 19
[3, 141, 113, 4, 142, 114],
[3, 70, 44, 11, 71, 45],
[17, 47, 21, 4, 48, 22],
[9, 39, 13, 16, 40, 14],
// 20
[3, 135, 107, 5, 136, 108],
[3, 67, 41, 13, 68, 42],
[15, 54, 24, 5, 55, 25],
[15, 43, 15, 10, 44, 16],
// 21
[4, 144, 116, 4, 145, 117],
[17, 68, 42],
[17, 50, 22, 6, 51, 23],
[19, 46, 16, 6, 47, 17],
// 22
[2, 139, 111, 7, 140, 112],
[17, 74, 46],
[7, 54, 24, 16, 55, 25],
[34, 37, 13],
// 23
[4, 151, 121, 5, 152, 122],
[4, 75, 47, 14, 76, 48],
[11, 54, 24, 14, 55, 25],
[16, 45, 15, 14, 46, 16],
// 24
[6, 147, 117, 4, 148, 118],
[6, 73, 45, 14, 74, 46],
[11, 54, 24, 16, 55, 25],
[30, 46, 16, 2, 47, 17],
// 25
[8, 132, 106, 4, 133, 107],
[8, 75, 47, 13, 76, 48],
[7, 54, 24, 22, 55, 25],
[22, 45, 15, 13, 46, 16],
// 26
[10, 142, 114, 2, 143, 115],
[19, 74, 46, 4, 75, 47],
[28, 50, 22, 6, 51, 23],
[33, 46, 16, 4, 47, 17],
// 27
[8, 152, 122, 4, 153, 123],
[22, 73, 45, 3, 74, 46],
[8, 53, 23, 26, 54, 24],
[12, 45, 15, 28, 46, 16],
// 28
[3, 147, 117, 10, 148, 118],
[3, 73, 45, 23, 74, 46],
[4, 54, 24, 31, 55, 25],
[11, 45, 15, 31, 46, 16],
// 29
[7, 146, 116, 7, 147, 117],
[21, 73, 45, 7, 74, 46],
[1, 53, 23, 37, 54, 24],
[19, 45, 15, 26, 46, 16],
// 30
[5, 145, 115, 10, 146, 116],
[19, 75, 47, 10, 76, 48],
[15, 54, 24, 25, 55, 25],
[23, 45, 15, 25, 46, 16],
// 31
[13, 145, 115, 3, 146, 116],
[2, 74, 46, 29, 75, 47],
[42, 54, 24, 1, 55, 25],
[23, 45, 15, 28, 46, 16],
// 32
[17, 145, 115],
[10, 74, 46, 23, 75, 47],
[10, 54, 24, 35, 55, 25],
[19, 45, 15, 35, 46, 16],
// 33
[17, 145, 115, 1, 146, 116],
[14, 74, 46, 21, 75, 47],
[29, 54, 24, 19, 55, 25],
[11, 45, 15, 46, 46, 16],
// 34
[13, 145, 115, 6, 146, 116],
[14, 74, 46, 23, 75, 47],
[44, 54, 24, 7, 55, 25],
[59, 46, 16, 1, 47, 17],
// 35
[12, 151, 121, 7, 152, 122],
[12, 75, 47, 26, 76, 48],
[39, 54, 24, 14, 55, 25],
[22, 45, 15, 41, 46, 16],
// 36
[6, 151, 121, 14, 152, 122],
[6, 75, 47, 34, 76, 48],
[46, 54, 24, 10, 55, 25],
[2, 45, 15, 64, 46, 16],
// 37
[17, 152, 122, 4, 153, 123],
[29, 74, 46, 14, 75, 47],
[49, 54, 24, 10, 55, 25],
[24, 45, 15, 46, 46, 16],
// 38
[4, 152, 122, 18, 153, 123],
[13, 74, 46, 32, 75, 47],
[48, 54, 24, 14, 55, 25],
[42, 45, 15, 32, 46, 16],
// 39
[20, 147, 117, 4, 148, 118],
[40, 75, 47, 7, 76, 48],
[43, 54, 24, 22, 55, 25],
[10, 45, 15, 67, 46, 16],
// 40
[19, 148, 118, 6, 149, 119],
[18, 75, 47, 31, 76, 48],
[34, 54, 24, 34, 55, 25],
[20, 45, 15, 61, 46, 16]
];
QRRSBlock.getRSBlocks = function(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel) {
var rsBlock = QRRSBlock.getRsBlockTable(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel);
if (rsBlock === undefined) {
throw new Error("bad rs block @ typeNumber:" + typeNumber + "/errorCorrectLevel:" + errorCorrectLevel);
}
var length = rsBlock.length / 3;
var list = [];
for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
var count = rsBlock[i * 3 + 0];
var totalCount = rsBlock[i * 3 + 1];
var dataCount = rsBlock[i * 3 + 2];
for (var j = 0; j < count; j++) {
list.push(new QRRSBlock(totalCount, dataCount) );
}
}
return list;
};
QRRSBlock.getRsBlockTable = function(typeNumber, errorCorrectLevel) {
switch(errorCorrectLevel) {
case QRErrorCorrectLevel.L :
return QRRSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 0];
case QRErrorCorrectLevel.M :
return QRRSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 1];
case QRErrorCorrectLevel.Q :
return QRRSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 2];
case QRErrorCorrectLevel.H :
return QRRSBlock.RS_BLOCK_TABLE[(typeNumber - 1) * 4 + 3];
default :
return undefined;
}
};
module.exports = QRRSBlock;
``` |
Barbara Birungi (born 7 August 1986) is a female technologist and the founding manager of HiveColab in Kampala, Uganda. She is the founder of Women in Technology Uganda, an initiative aimed at helping women and girls pursue technology careers. Prior to Hive, Birungi was a staff member at the African technology firm Appfrica.
Education
Barbara graduated with honors in a bachelor's degree in Business Computing from Makerere University and received a postgraduate degree in Project Planning and Management. As a student at Makerere she volunteered at an orphanage, teaching basic ICT skills and career guidance to high school students, many of whom are now tech professionals. She is an enthusiast of ICT4D, innovation, and women and girls in Uganda, and has mentored and taught more than 300 young girls.
Achievements
She won the Anita Borg Change Agent award in 2014 an award that recognizes outstanding international women (non-US residents with an emphasis on developing countries) who have created opportunities for girls and women in technology. She has spoken at several international events including at UNESCO, the United Nations, Motorola, the United Nations Development Programme, and ITU on the importance of closing the gender technology gap in sub-Saharan Africa over a period of 5 years. On 26 February 2013, she was one of several speakers invited by UNESCO to describe how e-science was being used in their country to strengthen the interface between science, policy, and society.
Women In Technology
In 2015, Women In Technology Uganda was awarded the project inspire grand prize, which is awarded to outstanding organizations supporting that enable and empower women economically.
References
1986 births
Living people
21st-century Ugandan businesswomen
21st-century Ugandan businesspeople
21st-century Ugandan women scientists
21st-century Ugandan scientists
Chief executives in the technology industry |
Streets of Ghost Town is a 1950 American Western film directed by Ray Nazarro and written by Barry Shipman. The film, reusing footage from the 1946 Durango Kid films Gunning for Vengeance and Landrush, stars Charles Starrett, George Chesebro, Mary Ellen Kay, Stanley Andrews, Frank Fenton, Don Reynolds, Ozie Waters and Smiley Burnette. The film was released on August 3, 1950, by Columbia Pictures.
Plot
Steve, Smiley and the Sheriff come to a ghost town to search for Bill Donner's gold. As they are menaced by persons unknown, Steve recounts the story of Donner and the deadly double cross. They are joined by Bill's daughter who is searching for her little brother who has come to claim the gold for himself.
Cast
Charles Starrett as Steve Woods / The Durango Kid
George Chesebro as Bill Donner
Mary Ellen Kay as Doris Donner
Stanley Andrews as Sheriff Dodge
Frank Fenton as Bart Selby
Don Reynolds as Tommy Donner
Ozie Waters as Ozie
Smiley Burnette as Smiley Burnette
References
External links
1950 films
1950s English-language films
American Western (genre) films
1950 Western (genre) films
Columbia Pictures films
Films directed by Ray Nazarro
American black-and-white films
1950s American films |
The Bridge to Total Freedom, also known as the Classification, Gradation and Awareness Chart, is Scientology's primary action plan and road map to guide a person through the sequential steps to attain Scientology's concept of spiritual freedom. Displayed in every Scientology organization as an enormous poster using red ink, the comprehensive chart contains almost every service available within Scientology. All steps on the Bridge cost money.
History
In 1950, L. Ron Hubbard wrote Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. In it, he used the analogy of bridge engineering: "We are here at a bridge between one state of Man and a next. We are above the chasm which divides a lower from a higher plateau and this chasm marks an artificial evolutionary step in the progress of Man. [...] In this handbook we have the basic axioms and a therapy which works. For God's sake, get busy and build a better bridge!"
In 1965, Hubbard codified his "Bridge" as a more systematic approach to moving Scientologists to the state of Clear. Hubbard added a series of steps he called "releases" which handled memory, communication, problems, "overts and withholds" (sins, crimes and secrets), upsets, and justifications for failure. The steps were numbered Grade 0 through Grade IV, and each step had a specific ability gained.
Description
The Bridge to Total Freedom is displayed as a large wall chart, printed with red ink on white paper. There are two main columns: "Training" on the left and "Processing" on the right.
A newcomer to Scientology starts the Bridge at the bottom of the chart and rises through the levels, perhaps reaching the level of Clear, then continuing upward through the OT Levels to higher states of awareness and ability.
The section near the bottom of the chart covers the various routes onto the Bridge which can include a communication course, a life improvement course, introductory auditing, and other basic services. The far left margin lists extra training courses that are available but which are not required for going up the Bridge. Likewise, the far right margin lists extra auditing processes that a Scientologist can do that are not part of the steps up the Bridge.
The terms "The Bridge to Total Freedom" and "Classification, Gradation and Awareness Chart" are synonymous with each other, with the Bridge being used more to express the concept of the steps and the chart name being used more to refer to the diagram on the wall. The word Classification refers to the large left column, "Training". Once a student has completed one of these training levels, he becomes a classed auditor. For example, completing the Class II course, a student becomes a Class II auditor. The word Gradation refers to the large right column, "Processing". In the 1965 version of the Bridge, a much less comprehensive chart than is used today, the beginning Scientologist would move up through the "grades" to Clear. The word Awareness refers to the center area between the two large columns where there are 52 levels of awareness from Unexistence at the very bottom up to the state of Clear.
The training and processing sides go hand-in-hand for each level of the chart. For example, a student completing the Class III course is qualified to audit someone on Grade III, and two students can train on a level and then co-audit each other. Likewise, a Scientologist wanting to participate in Grade III will need an auditor who has trained at least to Class III.
Although the chart lists 15 OT levels above the state of Clear, only seven were released during Hubbard's lifetime. OT VIII was released to the public in 1988, two years after Hubbard's 1986 death — to be performed only on Scientology's ship Freewinds. According to interviews performed by Rinder, Scientologists have described OT VIII as "less than overwhelming".
Since 1986, Church of Scientology leader David Miscavige has dangled the hope of OT IX and X being released in the future, pending certain conditions, which have shifted over time. It has been widely reported that OT IX and X do not exist.
Though many Scientologists only ascend the processing side of the Bridge, Hubbard maintained that a person needed to receive auditing and give counseling to another; that 50% of the gains in Scientology were achieved through training as an auditor.
Costs
All steps on the Bridge cost money.
Former Scientologist Mike Rinder writes in his book, "In the scientology world, the carrot of ultimate spiritual enlightenment and happiness keeps the donkeys moving up the Bridge and, of course, paying more money. Nothing is free in scientology. Every level of the Bridge has an exact cost, with prices growing steeper the higher one ascends. [A high level called] NOTs also became a huge moneymaker."
Costs at the lowest (beginning) end of the Bridge can be quite inexpensive, with the costs rising the higher you go on the Bridge. The costs of going up the Bridge has risen drastically over the years. In the late 1960s, shortly after the first OT levels were released, prices ranged from $75 to $875 per OT level. In the 1970s, the price for a complete OT package was around $3,000. By the 1990s, prices had risen to several thousand and even tens of thousands per level, with a conservative estimate of $300,000–$400,000 to complete up to OT VIII (in 1991 dollars).
Costs inflate further when the Church of Scientology orders Scientologists to re-do one or several steps they have already done, or management releases a new version of an old step such as was done with OT VIII almost immediately after release. Both practices are fairly common.
See also
Auditing - the counseling processes in Scientology
Clear - the state of a person without a reactive mind
Operating Thetan - a state of being with a high level of ability and awareness
References
External links
Scientology beliefs and practices |
Saltfleet District High School is a member school of the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board.
Opened in 1996, Saltfleet is the most recent secondary school to be opened by the Board. The school had a 2009-2010 enrolment of 1250. The school uses the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) to assess Grade 10 students' skills in reading and writing. Successful completion of the test is one of 32 requirements students need to attain in order to receive an Ontario Secondary School Diploma. Saltfleet also offers special education classes as well as an ESL program and is one of two schools in Canada with a fully operated observatory.
The original Saltfleet District High School was opened in 1927, and had numerous additions to increase the number of rooms from 6 to 42. The new school was built to offer a bigger building with more up to date facilities.
Program highlights and student support programs
Saltfleet District High School takes part in the following programs:
Horticultural Technology
Hospitality and Tourism
Small Engines
Landscape Design
Communications (includes TV studio)
English/Technology Yearbook Course
Basketball Focus Course
Rugby Focus Course
Photography
Fitness
Enhanced Mathematics
Link Crew Peer Mentoring (Grade 9)
Peer Mentoring Classroom support
Elite Program (1/2 Day Alternative Education program)
At risk Co-operative Education
Ontario Youth Apprenticeship Program
Connecting College through Co-op Program
Credit Recovery
Learning Strategies Course
Student Success Teachers
Student Success Drop-in Room
Learning Resource Department
Guidance Counsellors
Ontario Secondary School Literacy Course (OSSLC)
After school remediation program
STEP program (summer program for incoming Grade 9s)
Grade 9 Transitions Program – Step Toward Tech Day
Program Pathways Endorsements
Sports and clubs
Saltfleet District High School has the following sports teams and clubs within the school:
Drama Club (student-run)
Senior Band
Junior Band
Choir
Guitar Club
Stage Crew (student-run)
“The Forecast” Student Newspaper
Positive Space
Storm Link Crew
Basketball (Boys’ and Girls’, Senior and Junior)
Cross Country
Volleyball (Boys’ and Girls’, Senior and Junior)
Girls’ Field Hockey
Boys’ Football (Junior and Senior)
Swim team
Ice Hockey (Boys and Girls)
Basketball (Boys Midget, Junior, Senior, Girls Junior and Senior)
Indoor Soccer (Boys and Girls)
Soccer (Boys and Girls)
Track and Field
Badminton
Golf (Boys and Girls)
Rugby (Boys Midget, Junior, Senior, Girls Senior)
Since 2011, Saltfleet’s clubs and teams have been overseen by the Saltfleet Student Parliament. In addition to supporting extracurriculars, the Student Parliament hosts dances, spirit weeks, pep rallies, and the annual Winter Formal, in addition to doing advocacy work on behalf of the students. Elections for the school’s Executive Cabinet take place in May for the following year’s government, and all students are welcome to join Student Parliament in September as Members of Parliament (MPs). A new constitution was ratified in 2017 to replace the original 2012 constitution and further define the roles of the Student Parliament and the Executive Cabinet.
In late 2020, the school reduced its class variety and clubs due to the COVID-19 pandemic. They are slowly recovering from the pandemic with band and drama club starting up in September, 2021.
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
External links
Saltfleet District High School
High schools in Hamilton, Ontario
Educational institutions established in 1996
1996 establishments in Ontario |
```powershell
function Set-UnattendedIpSettings
{
[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Windows')]
param (
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Windows')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Kickstart')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Yast')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'CloudInit')]
[string]$IpAddress,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Windows')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Kickstart')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Yast')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'CloudInit')]
[string]$Gateway,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Windows')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Kickstart')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Yast')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'CloudInit')]
[String[]]$DnsServers,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Windows')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Kickstart')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Yast')]
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'CloudInit')]
[string]$DnsDomain,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Kickstart')]
[switch]
$IsKickstart,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Yast')]
[switch]
$IsAutoYast,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'CloudInit')]
[switch]
$IsCloudInit
)
if (-not $script:un)
{
Write-Error 'No unattended file imported. Please use Import-UnattendedFile first'
return
}
$command = Get-Command -Name $PSCmdlet.MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name.Replace('Unattended', "Unattended$($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName)")
$parameters = Sync-Parameter $command -Parameters $PSBoundParameters
& $command @parameters
}
``` |
Albino Simões Neto (29 July 1923 – before 2014) was a Portuguese rower. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1923 births
Year of death missing
Portuguese male rowers
Olympic rowers for Portugal
Rowers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing |
Thomas Bedingfeld (18 February 1760 – 5 November 1789), poet, second son of Edward Bedingfeld, Esquire, of York, and Mary, daughter of Sir John Swinburne, of Capheaton, Northumberland, was born at York on 18 February 1760, and educated at the University of Liège.
In 1780 he was placed in the office of Mr. John Davidson, of Newcastle upon Tyne, with a view to the study of conveyancing. There he became acquainted with George Pickering and James Ellis, who, together with Mr. Davidson's sons, formed a literary fraternity not very common in a lawyer's office.
In 1784 Bedingfeld moved to Lincoln's Inn, and continued his legal studies under Matthew Duane, the eminent conveyancer, and his nephew, Mr. Bray. In 1787 he commenced practice as a chamber counsel–being, as a catholic, incapable of being called to the bar–and he was rising rapidly in his profession when his career was terminated by his death, which occurred in London on 5 November 1789. In person he is said to have resembled his celebrated contemporary, William Pitt, so much as sometimes to have been mistaken for him by the London populace.
His poems were surreptitiously published in London–"Poems by T. B–––g––––d, Esquire, of the Inner Temple", 1800. Afterwards they were collected lay James Ellis, one of his youthful associates, and published under the title of "Poetry, Fugitive and Original; by the late Thomas Bedingfeld, Esquire, and Mr. George Pickering. With notes and some additional pieces by a Friend", Newcastle, 1815, octavo. Dedicated to Sir Walter Scott. The most laboured of his poems is 'The Triumph of Beauty', addressed to the Duchess of Devonshire on her successful canvass for Charles James Fox in 1784; but his best-known piece is the Instructions to a Porter, which has appeared in several collections.
References
DNB references
These references are found in the DNB article referred to above.
External links
1760 births
1789 deaths
University of Liège alumni
Geordie songwriters
Writers from York
English male poets |
```c
/* Definitions for computing resource usage of specific insns.
This file is part of GCC.
GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
version.
GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
for more details.
along with GCC; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA. */
#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "rtl.h"
#include "tm_p.h"
#include "hard-reg-set.h"
#include "basic-block.h"
#include "function.h"
#include "regs.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "resource.h"
#include "except.h"
#include "insn-attr.h"
#include "params.h"
/* This structure is used to record liveness information at the targets or
fallthrough insns of branches. We will most likely need the information
at targets again, so save them in a hash table rather than recomputing them
each time. */
struct target_info
{
int uid; /* INSN_UID of target. */
struct target_info *next; /* Next info for same hash bucket. */
HARD_REG_SET live_regs; /* Registers live at target. */
int block; /* Basic block number containing target. */
int bb_tick; /* Generation count of basic block info. */
};
#define TARGET_HASH_PRIME 257
/* Indicates what resources are required at the beginning of the epilogue. */
static struct resources start_of_epilogue_needs;
/* Indicates what resources are required at function end. */
static struct resources end_of_function_needs;
/* Define the hash table itself. */
static struct target_info **target_hash_table = NULL;
/* For each basic block, we maintain a generation number of its basic
block info, which is updated each time we move an insn from the
target of a jump. This is the generation number indexed by block
number. */
static int *bb_ticks;
/* Marks registers possibly live at the current place being scanned by
mark_target_live_regs. Also used by update_live_status. */
static HARD_REG_SET current_live_regs;
/* Marks registers for which we have seen a REG_DEAD note but no assignment.
Also only used by the next two functions. */
static HARD_REG_SET pending_dead_regs;
static void update_live_status PARAMS ((rtx, rtx, void *));
static int find_basic_block PARAMS ((rtx, int));
static rtx next_insn_no_annul PARAMS ((rtx));
static rtx find_dead_or_set_registers PARAMS ((rtx, struct resources*,
rtx*, int, struct resources,
struct resources));
/* Utility function called from mark_target_live_regs via note_stores.
It deadens any CLOBBERed registers and livens any SET registers. */
static void
update_live_status (dest, x, data)
rtx dest;
rtx x;
void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
int first_regno, last_regno;
int i;
if (GET_CODE (dest) != REG
&& (GET_CODE (dest) != SUBREG || GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (dest)) != REG))
return;
if (GET_CODE (dest) == SUBREG)
first_regno = subreg_regno (dest);
else
first_regno = REGNO (dest);
last_regno = first_regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (first_regno, GET_MODE (dest));
if (GET_CODE (x) == CLOBBER)
for (i = first_regno; i < last_regno; i++)
CLEAR_HARD_REG_BIT (current_live_regs, i);
else
for (i = first_regno; i < last_regno; i++)
{
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (current_live_regs, i);
CLEAR_HARD_REG_BIT (pending_dead_regs, i);
}
}
/* Find the number of the basic block with correct live register
information that starts closest to INSN. Return -1 if we couldn't
find such a basic block or the beginning is more than
SEARCH_LIMIT instructions before INSN. Use SEARCH_LIMIT = -1 for
an unlimited search.
The delay slot filling code destroys the control-flow graph so,
instead of finding the basic block containing INSN, we search
backwards toward a BARRIER where the live register information is
correct. */
static int
find_basic_block (insn, search_limit)
rtx insn;
int search_limit;
{
basic_block bb;
/* Scan backwards to the previous BARRIER. Then see if we can find a
label that starts a basic block. Return the basic block number. */
for (insn = prev_nonnote_insn (insn);
insn && GET_CODE (insn) != BARRIER && search_limit != 0;
insn = prev_nonnote_insn (insn), --search_limit)
;
/* The closest BARRIER is too far away. */
if (search_limit == 0)
return -1;
/* The start of the function. */
else if (insn == 0)
return ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR->next_bb->index;
/* See if any of the upcoming CODE_LABELs start a basic block. If we reach
anything other than a CODE_LABEL or note, we can't find this code. */
for (insn = next_nonnote_insn (insn);
insn && GET_CODE (insn) == CODE_LABEL;
insn = next_nonnote_insn (insn))
{
FOR_EACH_BB (bb)
if (insn == bb->head)
return bb->index;
}
return -1;
}
/* Similar to next_insn, but ignores insns in the delay slots of
an annulled branch. */
static rtx
next_insn_no_annul (insn)
rtx insn;
{
if (insn)
{
/* If INSN is an annulled branch, skip any insns from the target
of the branch. */
if ((GET_CODE (insn) == JUMP_INSN
|| GET_CODE (insn) == CALL_INSN
|| GET_CODE (insn) == INSN)
&& INSN_ANNULLED_BRANCH_P (insn)
&& NEXT_INSN (PREV_INSN (insn)) != insn)
{
rtx next = NEXT_INSN (insn);
enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (next);
while ((code == INSN || code == JUMP_INSN || code == CALL_INSN)
&& INSN_FROM_TARGET_P (next))
{
insn = next;
next = NEXT_INSN (insn);
code = GET_CODE (next);
}
}
insn = NEXT_INSN (insn);
if (insn && GET_CODE (insn) == INSN
&& GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == SEQUENCE)
insn = XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, 0);
}
return insn;
}
/* Given X, some rtl, and RES, a pointer to a `struct resource', mark
which resources are referenced by the insn. If INCLUDE_DELAYED_EFFECTS
is TRUE, resources used by the called routine will be included for
CALL_INSNs. */
void
mark_referenced_resources (x, res, include_delayed_effects)
rtx x;
struct resources *res;
int include_delayed_effects;
{
enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (x);
int i, j;
unsigned int r;
const char *format_ptr;
/* Handle leaf items for which we set resource flags. Also, special-case
CALL, SET and CLOBBER operators. */
switch (code)
{
case CONST:
case CONST_INT:
case CONST_DOUBLE:
case CONST_VECTOR:
case PC:
case SYMBOL_REF:
case LABEL_REF:
return;
case SUBREG:
if (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) != REG)
mark_referenced_resources (SUBREG_REG (x), res, 0);
else
{
unsigned int regno = subreg_regno (x);
unsigned int last_regno
= regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));
if (last_regno > FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
abort ();
for (r = regno; r < last_regno; r++)
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, r);
}
return;
case REG:
{
unsigned int regno = REGNO (x);
unsigned int last_regno
= regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));
if (last_regno > FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
abort ();
for (r = regno; r < last_regno; r++)
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, r);
}
return;
case MEM:
/* If this memory shouldn't change, it really isn't referencing
memory. */
if (RTX_UNCHANGING_P (x))
res->unch_memory = 1;
else
res->memory = 1;
res->volatil |= MEM_VOLATILE_P (x);
/* Mark registers used to access memory. */
mark_referenced_resources (XEXP (x, 0), res, 0);
return;
case CC0:
res->cc = 1;
return;
case UNSPEC_VOLATILE:
case ASM_INPUT:
/* Traditional asm's are always volatile. */
res->volatil = 1;
return;
case TRAP_IF:
res->volatil = 1;
break;
case ASM_OPERANDS:
res->volatil |= MEM_VOLATILE_P (x);
/* For all ASM_OPERANDS, we must traverse the vector of input operands.
We can not just fall through here since then we would be confused
by the ASM_INPUT rtx inside ASM_OPERANDS, which do not indicate
traditional asms unlike their normal usage. */
for (i = 0; i < ASM_OPERANDS_INPUT_LENGTH (x); i++)
mark_referenced_resources (ASM_OPERANDS_INPUT (x, i), res, 0);
return;
case CALL:
/* The first operand will be a (MEM (xxx)) but doesn't really reference
memory. The second operand may be referenced, though. */
mark_referenced_resources (XEXP (XEXP (x, 0), 0), res, 0);
mark_referenced_resources (XEXP (x, 1), res, 0);
return;
case SET:
/* Usually, the first operand of SET is set, not referenced. But
registers used to access memory are referenced. SET_DEST is
also referenced if it is a ZERO_EXTRACT or SIGN_EXTRACT. */
mark_referenced_resources (SET_SRC (x), res, 0);
x = SET_DEST (x);
if (GET_CODE (x) == SIGN_EXTRACT
|| GET_CODE (x) == ZERO_EXTRACT
|| GET_CODE (x) == STRICT_LOW_PART)
mark_referenced_resources (x, res, 0);
else if (GET_CODE (x) == SUBREG)
x = SUBREG_REG (x);
if (GET_CODE (x) == MEM)
mark_referenced_resources (XEXP (x, 0), res, 0);
return;
case CLOBBER:
return;
case CALL_INSN:
if (include_delayed_effects)
{
/* A CALL references memory, the frame pointer if it exists, the
stack pointer, any global registers and any registers given in
USE insns immediately in front of the CALL.
However, we may have moved some of the parameter loading insns
into the delay slot of this CALL. If so, the USE's for them
don't count and should be skipped. */
rtx insn = PREV_INSN (x);
rtx sequence = 0;
int seq_size = 0;
int i;
/* If we are part of a delay slot sequence, point at the SEQUENCE. */
if (NEXT_INSN (insn) != x)
{
sequence = PATTERN (NEXT_INSN (insn));
seq_size = XVECLEN (sequence, 0);
if (GET_CODE (sequence) != SEQUENCE)
abort ();
}
res->memory = 1;
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, STACK_POINTER_REGNUM);
if (frame_pointer_needed)
{
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM);
#if FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM != HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM);
#endif
}
for (i = 0; i < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER; i++)
if (global_regs[i])
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, i);
/* Check for a REG_SETJMP. If it exists, then we must
assume that this call can need any register.
This is done to be more conservative about how we handle setjmp.
We assume that they both use and set all registers. Using all
registers ensures that a register will not be considered dead
just because it crosses a setjmp call. A register should be
considered dead only if the setjmp call returns nonzero. */
if (find_reg_note (x, REG_SETJMP, NULL))
SET_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs);
{
rtx link;
for (link = CALL_INSN_FUNCTION_USAGE (x);
link;
link = XEXP (link, 1))
if (GET_CODE (XEXP (link, 0)) == USE)
{
for (i = 1; i < seq_size; i++)
{
rtx slot_pat = PATTERN (XVECEXP (sequence, 0, i));
if (GET_CODE (slot_pat) == SET
&& rtx_equal_p (SET_DEST (slot_pat),
XEXP (XEXP (link, 0), 0)))
break;
}
if (i >= seq_size)
mark_referenced_resources (XEXP (XEXP (link, 0), 0),
res, 0);
}
}
}
/* ... fall through to other INSN processing ... */
case INSN:
case JUMP_INSN:
#ifdef INSN_REFERENCES_ARE_DELAYED
if (! include_delayed_effects
&& INSN_REFERENCES_ARE_DELAYED (x))
return;
#endif
/* No special processing, just speed up. */
mark_referenced_resources (PATTERN (x), res, include_delayed_effects);
return;
default:
break;
}
/* Process each sub-expression and flag what it needs. */
format_ptr = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);
for (i = 0; i < GET_RTX_LENGTH (code); i++)
switch (*format_ptr++)
{
case 'e':
mark_referenced_resources (XEXP (x, i), res, include_delayed_effects);
break;
case 'E':
for (j = 0; j < XVECLEN (x, i); j++)
mark_referenced_resources (XVECEXP (x, i, j), res,
include_delayed_effects);
break;
}
}
/* A subroutine of mark_target_live_regs. Search forward from TARGET
looking for registers that are set before they are used. These are dead.
Stop after passing a few conditional jumps, and/or a small
number of unconditional branches. */
static rtx
find_dead_or_set_registers (target, res, jump_target, jump_count, set, needed)
rtx target;
struct resources *res;
rtx *jump_target;
int jump_count;
struct resources set, needed;
{
HARD_REG_SET scratch;
rtx insn, next;
rtx jump_insn = 0;
int i;
for (insn = target; insn; insn = next)
{
rtx this_jump_insn = insn;
next = NEXT_INSN (insn);
/* If this instruction can throw an exception, then we don't
know where we might end up next. That means that we have to
assume that whatever we have already marked as live really is
live. */
if (can_throw_internal (insn))
break;
switch (GET_CODE (insn))
{
case CODE_LABEL:
/* After a label, any pending dead registers that weren't yet
used can be made dead. */
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (pending_dead_regs, needed.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs, pending_dead_regs);
CLEAR_HARD_REG_SET (pending_dead_regs);
continue;
case BARRIER:
case NOTE:
continue;
case INSN:
if (GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == USE)
{
/* If INSN is a USE made by update_block, we care about the
underlying insn. Any registers set by the underlying insn
are live since the insn is being done somewhere else. */
if (INSN_P (XEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0)))
mark_set_resources (XEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0), res, 0,
MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL);
/* All other USE insns are to be ignored. */
continue;
}
else if (GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == CLOBBER)
continue;
else if (GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == SEQUENCE)
{
/* An unconditional jump can be used to fill the delay slot
of a call, so search for a JUMP_INSN in any position. */
for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (PATTERN (insn), 0); i++)
{
this_jump_insn = XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, i);
if (GET_CODE (this_jump_insn) == JUMP_INSN)
break;
}
}
default:
break;
}
if (GET_CODE (this_jump_insn) == JUMP_INSN)
{
if (jump_count++ < 10)
{
if (any_uncondjump_p (this_jump_insn)
|| GET_CODE (PATTERN (this_jump_insn)) == RETURN)
{
next = JUMP_LABEL (this_jump_insn);
if (jump_insn == 0)
{
jump_insn = insn;
if (jump_target)
*jump_target = JUMP_LABEL (this_jump_insn);
}
}
else if (any_condjump_p (this_jump_insn))
{
struct resources target_set, target_res;
struct resources fallthrough_res;
/* We can handle conditional branches here by following
both paths, and then IOR the results of the two paths
together, which will give us registers that are dead
on both paths. Since this is expensive, we give it
a much higher cost than unconditional branches. The
cost was chosen so that we will follow at most 1
conditional branch. */
jump_count += 4;
if (jump_count >= 10)
break;
mark_referenced_resources (insn, &needed, 1);
/* For an annulled branch, mark_set_resources ignores slots
filled by instructions from the target. This is correct
if the branch is not taken. Since we are following both
paths from the branch, we must also compute correct info
if the branch is taken. We do this by inverting all of
the INSN_FROM_TARGET_P bits, calling mark_set_resources,
and then inverting the INSN_FROM_TARGET_P bits again. */
if (GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == SEQUENCE
&& INSN_ANNULLED_BRANCH_P (this_jump_insn))
{
for (i = 1; i < XVECLEN (PATTERN (insn), 0); i++)
INSN_FROM_TARGET_P (XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, i))
= ! INSN_FROM_TARGET_P (XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, i));
target_set = set;
mark_set_resources (insn, &target_set, 0,
MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL);
for (i = 1; i < XVECLEN (PATTERN (insn), 0); i++)
INSN_FROM_TARGET_P (XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, i))
= ! INSN_FROM_TARGET_P (XVECEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0, i));
mark_set_resources (insn, &set, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL);
}
else
{
mark_set_resources (insn, &set, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL);
target_set = set;
}
target_res = *res;
COPY_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, target_set.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, needed.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (target_res.regs, scratch);
fallthrough_res = *res;
COPY_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, set.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, needed.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (fallthrough_res.regs, scratch);
find_dead_or_set_registers (JUMP_LABEL (this_jump_insn),
&target_res, 0, jump_count,
target_set, needed);
find_dead_or_set_registers (next,
&fallthrough_res, 0, jump_count,
set, needed);
IOR_HARD_REG_SET (fallthrough_res.regs, target_res.regs);
AND_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs, fallthrough_res.regs);
break;
}
else
break;
}
else
{
/* Don't try this optimization if we expired our jump count
above, since that would mean there may be an infinite loop
in the function being compiled. */
jump_insn = 0;
break;
}
}
mark_referenced_resources (insn, &needed, 1);
mark_set_resources (insn, &set, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL);
COPY_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, set.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, needed.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs, scratch);
}
return jump_insn;
}
/* Given X, a part of an insn, and a pointer to a `struct resource',
RES, indicate which resources are modified by the insn. If
MARK_TYPE is MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL, also mark resources potentially
set by the called routine.
If IN_DEST is nonzero, it means we are inside a SET. Otherwise,
objects are being referenced instead of set.
We never mark the insn as modifying the condition code unless it explicitly
SETs CC0 even though this is not totally correct. The reason for this is
that we require a SET of CC0 to immediately precede the reference to CC0.
So if some other insn sets CC0 as a side-effect, we know it cannot affect
our computation and thus may be placed in a delay slot. */
void
mark_set_resources (x, res, in_dest, mark_type)
rtx x;
struct resources *res;
int in_dest;
enum mark_resource_type mark_type;
{
enum rtx_code code;
int i, j;
unsigned int r;
const char *format_ptr;
restart:
code = GET_CODE (x);
switch (code)
{
case NOTE:
case BARRIER:
case CODE_LABEL:
case USE:
case CONST_INT:
case CONST_DOUBLE:
case CONST_VECTOR:
case LABEL_REF:
case SYMBOL_REF:
case CONST:
case PC:
/* These don't set any resources. */
return;
case CC0:
if (in_dest)
res->cc = 1;
return;
case CALL_INSN:
/* Called routine modifies the condition code, memory, any registers
that aren't saved across calls, global registers and anything
explicitly CLOBBERed immediately after the CALL_INSN. */
if (mark_type == MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL)
{
rtx link;
res->cc = res->memory = 1;
for (r = 0; r < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER; r++)
if (call_used_regs[r] || global_regs[r])
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, r);
for (link = CALL_INSN_FUNCTION_USAGE (x);
link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
if (GET_CODE (XEXP (link, 0)) == CLOBBER)
mark_set_resources (SET_DEST (XEXP (link, 0)), res, 1,
MARK_SRC_DEST);
/* Check for a REG_SETJMP. If it exists, then we must
assume that this call can clobber any register. */
if (find_reg_note (x, REG_SETJMP, NULL))
SET_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs);
}
/* ... and also what its RTL says it modifies, if anything. */
case JUMP_INSN:
case INSN:
/* An insn consisting of just a CLOBBER (or USE) is just for flow
and doesn't actually do anything, so we ignore it. */
#ifdef INSN_SETS_ARE_DELAYED
if (mark_type != MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL
&& INSN_SETS_ARE_DELAYED (x))
return;
#endif
x = PATTERN (x);
if (GET_CODE (x) != USE && GET_CODE (x) != CLOBBER)
goto restart;
return;
case SET:
/* If the source of a SET is a CALL, this is actually done by
the called routine. So only include it if we are to include the
effects of the calling routine. */
mark_set_resources (SET_DEST (x), res,
(mark_type == MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL
|| GET_CODE (SET_SRC (x)) != CALL),
mark_type);
mark_set_resources (SET_SRC (x), res, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST);
return;
case CLOBBER:
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, 0), res, 1, MARK_SRC_DEST);
return;
case SEQUENCE:
for (i = 0; i < XVECLEN (x, 0); i++)
if (! (INSN_ANNULLED_BRANCH_P (XVECEXP (x, 0, 0))
&& INSN_FROM_TARGET_P (XVECEXP (x, 0, i))))
mark_set_resources (XVECEXP (x, 0, i), res, 0, mark_type);
return;
case POST_INC:
case PRE_INC:
case POST_DEC:
case PRE_DEC:
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, 0), res, 1, MARK_SRC_DEST);
return;
case PRE_MODIFY:
case POST_MODIFY:
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, 0), res, 1, MARK_SRC_DEST);
mark_set_resources (XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 0), res, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST);
mark_set_resources (XEXP (XEXP (x, 1), 1), res, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST);
return;
case SIGN_EXTRACT:
case ZERO_EXTRACT:
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, 0), res, in_dest, MARK_SRC_DEST);
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, 1), res, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST);
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, 2), res, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST);
return;
case MEM:
if (in_dest)
{
res->memory = 1;
res->unch_memory |= RTX_UNCHANGING_P (x);
res->volatil |= MEM_VOLATILE_P (x);
}
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, 0), res, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST);
return;
case SUBREG:
if (in_dest)
{
if (GET_CODE (SUBREG_REG (x)) != REG)
mark_set_resources (SUBREG_REG (x), res, in_dest, mark_type);
else
{
unsigned int regno = subreg_regno (x);
unsigned int last_regno
= regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));
if (last_regno > FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
abort ();
for (r = regno; r < last_regno; r++)
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, r);
}
}
return;
case REG:
if (in_dest)
{
unsigned int regno = REGNO (x);
unsigned int last_regno
= regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno, GET_MODE (x));
if (last_regno > FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
abort ();
for (r = regno; r < last_regno; r++)
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (res->regs, r);
}
return;
case UNSPEC_VOLATILE:
case ASM_INPUT:
/* Traditional asm's are always volatile. */
res->volatil = 1;
return;
case TRAP_IF:
res->volatil = 1;
break;
case ASM_OPERANDS:
res->volatil |= MEM_VOLATILE_P (x);
/* For all ASM_OPERANDS, we must traverse the vector of input operands.
We can not just fall through here since then we would be confused
by the ASM_INPUT rtx inside ASM_OPERANDS, which do not indicate
traditional asms unlike their normal usage. */
for (i = 0; i < ASM_OPERANDS_INPUT_LENGTH (x); i++)
mark_set_resources (ASM_OPERANDS_INPUT (x, i), res, in_dest,
MARK_SRC_DEST);
return;
default:
break;
}
/* Process each sub-expression and flag what it needs. */
format_ptr = GET_RTX_FORMAT (code);
for (i = 0; i < GET_RTX_LENGTH (code); i++)
switch (*format_ptr++)
{
case 'e':
mark_set_resources (XEXP (x, i), res, in_dest, mark_type);
break;
case 'E':
for (j = 0; j < XVECLEN (x, i); j++)
mark_set_resources (XVECEXP (x, i, j), res, in_dest, mark_type);
break;
}
}
/* Set the resources that are live at TARGET.
If TARGET is zero, we refer to the end of the current function and can
return our precomputed value.
Otherwise, we try to find out what is live by consulting the basic block
information. This is tricky, because we must consider the actions of
reload and jump optimization, which occur after the basic block information
has been computed.
Accordingly, we proceed as follows::
We find the previous BARRIER and look at all immediately following labels
(with no intervening active insns) to see if any of them start a basic
block. If we hit the start of the function first, we use block 0.
Once we have found a basic block and a corresponding first insns, we can
accurately compute the live status from basic_block_live_regs and
reg_renumber. (By starting at a label following a BARRIER, we are immune
to actions taken by reload and jump.) Then we scan all insns between
that point and our target. For each CLOBBER (or for call-clobbered regs
when we pass a CALL_INSN), mark the appropriate registers are dead. For
a SET, mark them as live.
We have to be careful when using REG_DEAD notes because they are not
updated by such things as find_equiv_reg. So keep track of registers
marked as dead that haven't been assigned to, and mark them dead at the
next CODE_LABEL since reload and jump won't propagate values across labels.
If we cannot find the start of a basic block (should be a very rare
case, if it can happen at all), mark everything as potentially live.
Next, scan forward from TARGET looking for things set or clobbered
before they are used. These are not live.
Because we can be called many times on the same target, save our results
in a hash table indexed by INSN_UID. This is only done if the function
init_resource_info () was invoked before we are called. */
void
mark_target_live_regs (insns, target, res)
rtx insns;
rtx target;
struct resources *res;
{
int b = -1;
unsigned int i;
struct target_info *tinfo = NULL;
rtx insn;
rtx jump_insn = 0;
rtx jump_target;
HARD_REG_SET scratch;
struct resources set, needed;
/* Handle end of function. */
if (target == 0)
{
*res = end_of_function_needs;
return;
}
/* We have to assume memory is needed, but the CC isn't. */
res->memory = 1;
res->volatil = res->unch_memory = 0;
res->cc = 0;
/* See if we have computed this value already. */
if (target_hash_table != NULL)
{
for (tinfo = target_hash_table[INSN_UID (target) % TARGET_HASH_PRIME];
tinfo; tinfo = tinfo->next)
if (tinfo->uid == INSN_UID (target))
break;
/* Start by getting the basic block number. If we have saved
information, we can get it from there unless the insn at the
start of the basic block has been deleted. */
if (tinfo && tinfo->block != -1
&& ! INSN_DELETED_P (BLOCK_HEAD (tinfo->block)))
b = tinfo->block;
}
if (b == -1)
b = find_basic_block (target, MAX_DELAY_SLOT_LIVE_SEARCH);
if (target_hash_table != NULL)
{
if (tinfo)
{
/* If the information is up-to-date, use it. Otherwise, we will
update it below. */
if (b == tinfo->block && b != -1 && tinfo->bb_tick == bb_ticks[b])
{
COPY_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs, tinfo->live_regs);
return;
}
}
else
{
/* Allocate a place to put our results and chain it into the
hash table. */
tinfo = (struct target_info *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct target_info));
tinfo->uid = INSN_UID (target);
tinfo->block = b;
tinfo->next
= target_hash_table[INSN_UID (target) % TARGET_HASH_PRIME];
target_hash_table[INSN_UID (target) % TARGET_HASH_PRIME] = tinfo;
}
}
CLEAR_HARD_REG_SET (pending_dead_regs);
/* If we found a basic block, get the live registers from it and update
them with anything set or killed between its start and the insn before
TARGET. Otherwise, we must assume everything is live. */
if (b != -1)
{
regset regs_live = BASIC_BLOCK (b)->global_live_at_start;
unsigned int j;
unsigned int regno;
rtx start_insn, stop_insn;
/* Compute hard regs live at start of block -- this is the real hard regs
marked live, plus live pseudo regs that have been renumbered to
hard regs. */
REG_SET_TO_HARD_REG_SET (current_live_regs, regs_live);
EXECUTE_IF_SET_IN_REG_SET
(regs_live, FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER, i,
{
if (reg_renumber[i] >= 0)
{
regno = reg_renumber[i];
for (j = regno;
j < regno + HARD_REGNO_NREGS (regno,
PSEUDO_REGNO_MODE (i));
j++)
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (current_live_regs, j);
}
});
/* Get starting and ending insn, handling the case where each might
be a SEQUENCE. */
start_insn = (b == 0 ? insns : BLOCK_HEAD (b));
stop_insn = target;
if (GET_CODE (start_insn) == INSN
&& GET_CODE (PATTERN (start_insn)) == SEQUENCE)
start_insn = XVECEXP (PATTERN (start_insn), 0, 0);
if (GET_CODE (stop_insn) == INSN
&& GET_CODE (PATTERN (stop_insn)) == SEQUENCE)
stop_insn = next_insn (PREV_INSN (stop_insn));
for (insn = start_insn; insn != stop_insn;
insn = next_insn_no_annul (insn))
{
rtx link;
rtx real_insn = insn;
enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (insn);
/* If this insn is from the target of a branch, it isn't going to
be used in the sequel. If it is used in both cases, this
test will not be true. */
if ((code == INSN || code == JUMP_INSN || code == CALL_INSN)
&& INSN_FROM_TARGET_P (insn))
continue;
/* If this insn is a USE made by update_block, we care about the
underlying insn. */
if (code == INSN && GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == USE
&& INSN_P (XEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0)))
real_insn = XEXP (PATTERN (insn), 0);
if (GET_CODE (real_insn) == CALL_INSN)
{
/* CALL clobbers all call-used regs that aren't fixed except
sp, ap, and fp. Do this before setting the result of the
call live. */
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (current_live_regs,
regs_invalidated_by_call);
/* A CALL_INSN sets any global register live, since it may
have been modified by the call. */
for (i = 0; i < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER; i++)
if (global_regs[i])
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (current_live_regs, i);
}
/* Mark anything killed in an insn to be deadened at the next
label. Ignore USE insns; the only REG_DEAD notes will be for
parameters. But they might be early. A CALL_INSN will usually
clobber registers used for parameters. It isn't worth bothering
with the unlikely case when it won't. */
if ((GET_CODE (real_insn) == INSN
&& GET_CODE (PATTERN (real_insn)) != USE
&& GET_CODE (PATTERN (real_insn)) != CLOBBER)
|| GET_CODE (real_insn) == JUMP_INSN
|| GET_CODE (real_insn) == CALL_INSN)
{
for (link = REG_NOTES (real_insn); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
if (REG_NOTE_KIND (link) == REG_DEAD
&& GET_CODE (XEXP (link, 0)) == REG
&& REGNO (XEXP (link, 0)) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
{
unsigned int first_regno = REGNO (XEXP (link, 0));
unsigned int last_regno
= (first_regno
+ HARD_REGNO_NREGS (first_regno,
GET_MODE (XEXP (link, 0))));
for (i = first_regno; i < last_regno; i++)
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (pending_dead_regs, i);
}
note_stores (PATTERN (real_insn), update_live_status, NULL);
/* If any registers were unused after this insn, kill them.
These notes will always be accurate. */
for (link = REG_NOTES (real_insn); link; link = XEXP (link, 1))
if (REG_NOTE_KIND (link) == REG_UNUSED
&& GET_CODE (XEXP (link, 0)) == REG
&& REGNO (XEXP (link, 0)) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER)
{
unsigned int first_regno = REGNO (XEXP (link, 0));
unsigned int last_regno
= (first_regno
+ HARD_REGNO_NREGS (first_regno,
GET_MODE (XEXP (link, 0))));
for (i = first_regno; i < last_regno; i++)
CLEAR_HARD_REG_BIT (current_live_regs, i);
}
}
else if (GET_CODE (real_insn) == CODE_LABEL)
{
/* A label clobbers the pending dead registers since neither
reload nor jump will propagate a value across a label. */
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (current_live_regs, pending_dead_regs);
CLEAR_HARD_REG_SET (pending_dead_regs);
}
/* The beginning of the epilogue corresponds to the end of the
RTL chain when there are no epilogue insns. Certain resources
are implicitly required at that point. */
else if (GET_CODE (real_insn) == NOTE
&& NOTE_LINE_NUMBER (real_insn) == NOTE_INSN_EPILOGUE_BEG)
IOR_HARD_REG_SET (current_live_regs, start_of_epilogue_needs.regs);
}
COPY_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs, current_live_regs);
if (tinfo != NULL)
{
tinfo->block = b;
tinfo->bb_tick = bb_ticks[b];
}
}
else
/* We didn't find the start of a basic block. Assume everything
in use. This should happen only extremely rarely. */
SET_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs);
CLEAR_RESOURCE (&set);
CLEAR_RESOURCE (&needed);
jump_insn = find_dead_or_set_registers (target, res, &jump_target, 0,
set, needed);
/* If we hit an unconditional branch, we have another way of finding out
what is live: we can see what is live at the branch target and include
anything used but not set before the branch. We add the live
resources found using the test below to those found until now. */
if (jump_insn)
{
struct resources new_resources;
rtx stop_insn = next_active_insn (jump_insn);
mark_target_live_regs (insns, next_active_insn (jump_target),
&new_resources);
CLEAR_RESOURCE (&set);
CLEAR_RESOURCE (&needed);
/* Include JUMP_INSN in the needed registers. */
for (insn = target; insn != stop_insn; insn = next_active_insn (insn))
{
mark_referenced_resources (insn, &needed, 1);
COPY_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, needed.regs);
AND_COMPL_HARD_REG_SET (scratch, set.regs);
IOR_HARD_REG_SET (new_resources.regs, scratch);
mark_set_resources (insn, &set, 0, MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL);
}
IOR_HARD_REG_SET (res->regs, new_resources.regs);
}
if (tinfo != NULL)
{
COPY_HARD_REG_SET (tinfo->live_regs, res->regs);
}
}
/* Initialize the resources required by mark_target_live_regs ().
This should be invoked before the first call to mark_target_live_regs. */
void
init_resource_info (epilogue_insn)
rtx epilogue_insn;
{
int i;
/* Indicate what resources are required to be valid at the end of the current
function. The condition code never is and memory always is. If the
frame pointer is needed, it is and so is the stack pointer unless
EXIT_IGNORE_STACK is nonzero. If the frame pointer is not needed, the
stack pointer is. Registers used to return the function value are
needed. Registers holding global variables are needed. */
end_of_function_needs.cc = 0;
end_of_function_needs.memory = 1;
end_of_function_needs.unch_memory = 0;
CLEAR_HARD_REG_SET (end_of_function_needs.regs);
if (frame_pointer_needed)
{
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (end_of_function_needs.regs, FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM);
#if HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM != FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (end_of_function_needs.regs, HARD_FRAME_POINTER_REGNUM);
#endif
#ifdef EXIT_IGNORE_STACK
if (! EXIT_IGNORE_STACK
|| current_function_sp_is_unchanging)
#endif
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (end_of_function_needs.regs, STACK_POINTER_REGNUM);
}
else
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (end_of_function_needs.regs, STACK_POINTER_REGNUM);
if (current_function_return_rtx != 0)
mark_referenced_resources (current_function_return_rtx,
&end_of_function_needs, 1);
for (i = 0; i < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER; i++)
if (global_regs[i]
#ifdef EPILOGUE_USES
|| EPILOGUE_USES (i)
#endif
)
SET_HARD_REG_BIT (end_of_function_needs.regs, i);
/* The registers required to be live at the end of the function are
represented in the flow information as being dead just prior to
reaching the end of the function. For example, the return of a value
might be represented by a USE of the return register immediately
followed by an unconditional jump to the return label where the
return label is the end of the RTL chain. The end of the RTL chain
is then taken to mean that the return register is live.
This sequence is no longer maintained when epilogue instructions are
added to the RTL chain. To reconstruct the original meaning, the
start of the epilogue (NOTE_INSN_EPILOGUE_BEG) is regarded as the
point where these registers become live (start_of_epilogue_needs).
If epilogue instructions are present, the registers set by those
instructions won't have been processed by flow. Thus, those
registers are additionally required at the end of the RTL chain
(end_of_function_needs). */
start_of_epilogue_needs = end_of_function_needs;
while ((epilogue_insn = next_nonnote_insn (epilogue_insn)))
mark_set_resources (epilogue_insn, &end_of_function_needs, 0,
MARK_SRC_DEST_CALL);
/* Allocate and initialize the tables used by mark_target_live_regs. */
target_hash_table = (struct target_info **)
xcalloc (TARGET_HASH_PRIME, sizeof (struct target_info *));
bb_ticks = (int *) xcalloc (last_basic_block, sizeof (int));
}
/* Free up the resources allcated to mark_target_live_regs (). This
should be invoked after the last call to mark_target_live_regs (). */
void
free_resource_info ()
{
if (target_hash_table != NULL)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < TARGET_HASH_PRIME; ++i)
{
struct target_info *ti = target_hash_table[i];
while (ti)
{
struct target_info *next = ti->next;
free (ti);
ti = next;
}
}
free (target_hash_table);
target_hash_table = NULL;
}
if (bb_ticks != NULL)
{
free (bb_ticks);
bb_ticks = NULL;
}
}
/* Clear any hashed information that we have stored for INSN. */
void
clear_hashed_info_for_insn (insn)
rtx insn;
{
struct target_info *tinfo;
if (target_hash_table != NULL)
{
for (tinfo = target_hash_table[INSN_UID (insn) % TARGET_HASH_PRIME];
tinfo; tinfo = tinfo->next)
if (tinfo->uid == INSN_UID (insn))
break;
if (tinfo)
tinfo->block = -1;
}
}
/* Increment the tick count for the basic block that contains INSN. */
void
incr_ticks_for_insn (insn)
rtx insn;
{
int b = find_basic_block (insn, MAX_DELAY_SLOT_LIVE_SEARCH);
if (b != -1)
bb_ticks[b]++;
}
/* Add TRIAL to the set of resources used at the end of the current
function. */
void
mark_end_of_function_resources (trial, include_delayed_effects)
rtx trial;
int include_delayed_effects;
{
mark_referenced_resources (trial, &end_of_function_needs,
include_delayed_effects);
}
``` |
The 2011 Santos Brasil Tennis Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the first edition of the tournament which was part of the 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Santos, Brazil between 18 and 24 April 2011.
Singles main draw entrants
Seeds
Rankings are as of April 11, 2011.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
Daniel Bustamante
Daniel Dutra da Silva
Christian Lindell
José Pereira
The following players received entry into the singles main draw as a special exemption:
Aljaž Bedene
Marcelo Demoliner
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
André Ghem
Javier Martí
Iván Miranda
Yang Tsung-hua
Champions
Singles
João Souza def. Diego Junqueira, 6–4, 6–2
Doubles
Franco Ferreiro / André Sá def. Gerald Melzer / José Pereira, 6–3, 6–3
External links
ITF Search
ATP official site
Santos Brasil Tennis Open
Clay court tennis tournaments
Santos Brasil Tennis Open |
Thudaca obliquella is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania and South Australia.
The wingspan is 16–18 mm. Adults are similar to Thudaca mimodora, but the forewings have the first transverse streak without a dark bar above the middle, the second transverse streak is without a dark bar above the lower end and there is a blackish line along the hindmargin. The hindwings are lighter grey, suffused with pale whitish ochreous.
References
Moths described in 1864
Thudaca |
Wilson Clyde (born 8 April 1934) is a former Unionist politician from Northern Ireland representing the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).
Life
Born in Kilbegs, County Antrim, Clyde worked as a farmer before being elected to Antrim Borough Council for the Democratic Unionist Party in 1981. In 1996, he was elected to the Northern Ireland Forum, representing South Antrim, and he held the seat at the 1998 and 2003 elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly. He was deselected by the DUP for the 2007 election.
References
The Northern Ireland Assembly: Wilson Clyde
1934 births
Living people
Politicians from County Antrim
Democratic Unionist Party MLAs
Members of the Northern Ireland Forum
Northern Ireland MLAs 1998–2003
Northern Ireland MLAs 2003–2007
Members of Antrim Borough Council
Farmers from Northern Ireland |
```objective-c
//===-- ScopedPrinter.h ----------------------------------------*- C++ -*--===//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#ifndef LLVM_SUPPORT_SCOPEDPRINTER_H
#define LLVM_SUPPORT_SCOPEDPRINTER_H
#include "llvm/ADT/APSInt.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/Support/DataTypes.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Endian.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <algorithm>
namespace llvm {
template <typename T> struct EnumEntry {
StringRef Name;
// While Name suffices in most of the cases, in certain cases
// GNU style and LLVM style of ELFDumper do not
// display same string for same enum. The AltName if initialized appropriately
// will hold the string that GNU style emits.
// Example:
// "EM_X86_64" string on LLVM style for Elf_Ehdr->e_machine corresponds to
// "Advanced Micro Devices X86-64" on GNU style
StringRef AltName;
T Value;
EnumEntry(StringRef N, StringRef A, T V) : Name(N), AltName(A), Value(V) {}
EnumEntry(StringRef N, T V) : Name(N), AltName(N), Value(V) {}
};
struct HexNumber {
// To avoid sign-extension we have to explicitly cast to the appropriate
// unsigned type. The overloads are here so that every type that is implicitly
// convertible to an integer (including enums and endian helpers) can be used
// without requiring type traits or call-site changes.
HexNumber(char Value) : Value(static_cast<unsigned char>(Value)) {}
HexNumber(signed char Value) : Value(static_cast<unsigned char>(Value)) {}
HexNumber(signed short Value) : Value(static_cast<unsigned short>(Value)) {}
HexNumber(signed int Value) : Value(static_cast<unsigned int>(Value)) {}
HexNumber(signed long Value) : Value(static_cast<unsigned long>(Value)) {}
HexNumber(signed long long Value)
: Value(static_cast<unsigned long long>(Value)) {}
HexNumber(unsigned char Value) : Value(Value) {}
HexNumber(unsigned short Value) : Value(Value) {}
HexNumber(unsigned int Value) : Value(Value) {}
HexNumber(unsigned long Value) : Value(Value) {}
HexNumber(unsigned long long Value) : Value(Value) {}
uint64_t Value;
};
raw_ostream &operator<<(raw_ostream &OS, const HexNumber &Value);
const std::string to_hexString(uint64_t Value, bool UpperCase = true);
template <class T> const std::string to_string(const T &Value) {
std::string number;
llvm::raw_string_ostream stream(number);
stream << Value;
return stream.str();
}
class ScopedPrinter {
public:
ScopedPrinter(raw_ostream &OS) : OS(OS), IndentLevel(0) {}
void flush() { OS.flush(); }
void indent(int Levels = 1) { IndentLevel += Levels; }
void unindent(int Levels = 1) {
IndentLevel = std::max(0, IndentLevel - Levels);
}
void resetIndent() { IndentLevel = 0; }
int getIndentLevel() { return IndentLevel; }
void setPrefix(StringRef P) { Prefix = P; }
void printIndent() {
OS << Prefix;
for (int i = 0; i < IndentLevel; ++i)
OS << " ";
}
template <typename T> HexNumber hex(T Value) { return HexNumber(Value); }
template <typename T, typename TEnum>
void printEnum(StringRef Label, T Value,
ArrayRef<EnumEntry<TEnum>> EnumValues) {
StringRef Name;
bool Found = false;
for (const auto &EnumItem : EnumValues) {
if (EnumItem.Value == Value) {
Name = EnumItem.Name;
Found = true;
break;
}
}
if (Found) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Name << " (" << hex(Value) << ")\n";
} else {
startLine() << Label << ": " << hex(Value) << "\n";
}
}
template <typename T, typename TFlag>
void printFlags(StringRef Label, T Value, ArrayRef<EnumEntry<TFlag>> Flags,
TFlag EnumMask1 = {}, TFlag EnumMask2 = {},
TFlag EnumMask3 = {}) {
typedef EnumEntry<TFlag> FlagEntry;
typedef SmallVector<FlagEntry, 10> FlagVector;
FlagVector SetFlags;
for (const auto &Flag : Flags) {
if (Flag.Value == 0)
continue;
TFlag EnumMask{};
if (Flag.Value & EnumMask1)
EnumMask = EnumMask1;
else if (Flag.Value & EnumMask2)
EnumMask = EnumMask2;
else if (Flag.Value & EnumMask3)
EnumMask = EnumMask3;
bool IsEnum = (Flag.Value & EnumMask) != 0;
if ((!IsEnum && (Value & Flag.Value) == Flag.Value) ||
(IsEnum && (Value & EnumMask) == Flag.Value)) {
SetFlags.push_back(Flag);
}
}
llvm::sort(SetFlags, &flagName<TFlag>);
startLine() << Label << " [ (" << hex(Value) << ")\n";
for (const auto &Flag : SetFlags) {
startLine() << " " << Flag.Name << " (" << hex(Flag.Value) << ")\n";
}
startLine() << "]\n";
}
template <typename T> void printFlags(StringRef Label, T Value) {
startLine() << Label << " [ (" << hex(Value) << ")\n";
uint64_t Flag = 1;
uint64_t Curr = Value;
while (Curr > 0) {
if (Curr & 1)
startLine() << " " << hex(Flag) << "\n";
Curr >>= 1;
Flag <<= 1;
}
startLine() << "]\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, uint64_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, uint32_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, uint16_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, uint8_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << unsigned(Value) << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, int64_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, int32_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, int16_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, int8_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << int(Value) << "\n";
}
void printNumber(StringRef Label, const APSInt &Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printBoolean(StringRef Label, bool Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << (Value ? "Yes" : "No") << '\n';
}
template <typename... T> void printVersion(StringRef Label, T... Version) {
startLine() << Label << ": ";
printVersionInternal(Version...);
getOStream() << "\n";
}
template <typename T> void printList(StringRef Label, const T &List) {
startLine() << Label << ": [";
bool Comma = false;
for (const auto &Item : List) {
if (Comma)
OS << ", ";
OS << Item;
Comma = true;
}
OS << "]\n";
}
template <typename T, typename U>
void printList(StringRef Label, const T &List, const U &Printer) {
startLine() << Label << ": [";
bool Comma = false;
for (const auto &Item : List) {
if (Comma)
OS << ", ";
Printer(OS, Item);
Comma = true;
}
OS << "]\n";
}
template <typename T> void printHexList(StringRef Label, const T &List) {
startLine() << Label << ": [";
bool Comma = false;
for (const auto &Item : List) {
if (Comma)
OS << ", ";
OS << hex(Item);
Comma = true;
}
OS << "]\n";
}
template <typename T> void printHex(StringRef Label, T Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << hex(Value) << "\n";
}
template <typename T> void printHex(StringRef Label, StringRef Str, T Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Str << " (" << hex(Value) << ")\n";
}
template <typename T>
void printSymbolOffset(StringRef Label, StringRef Symbol, T Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Symbol << '+' << hex(Value) << '\n';
}
void printString(StringRef Value) { startLine() << Value << "\n"; }
void printString(StringRef Label, StringRef Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
void printString(StringRef Label, const std::string &Value) {
printString(Label, StringRef(Value));
}
void printString(StringRef Label, const char* Value) {
printString(Label, StringRef(Value));
}
template <typename T>
void printNumber(StringRef Label, StringRef Str, T Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Str << " (" << Value << ")\n";
}
void printBinary(StringRef Label, StringRef Str, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Value) {
printBinaryImpl(Label, Str, Value, false);
}
void printBinary(StringRef Label, StringRef Str, ArrayRef<char> Value) {
auto V = makeArrayRef(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(Value.data()),
Value.size());
printBinaryImpl(Label, Str, V, false);
}
void printBinary(StringRef Label, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Value) {
printBinaryImpl(Label, StringRef(), Value, false);
}
void printBinary(StringRef Label, ArrayRef<char> Value) {
auto V = makeArrayRef(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(Value.data()),
Value.size());
printBinaryImpl(Label, StringRef(), V, false);
}
void printBinary(StringRef Label, StringRef Value) {
auto V = makeArrayRef(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(Value.data()),
Value.size());
printBinaryImpl(Label, StringRef(), V, false);
}
void printBinaryBlock(StringRef Label, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Value,
uint32_t StartOffset) {
printBinaryImpl(Label, StringRef(), Value, true, StartOffset);
}
void printBinaryBlock(StringRef Label, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Value) {
printBinaryImpl(Label, StringRef(), Value, true);
}
void printBinaryBlock(StringRef Label, StringRef Value) {
auto V = makeArrayRef(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(Value.data()),
Value.size());
printBinaryImpl(Label, StringRef(), V, true);
}
template <typename T> void printObject(StringRef Label, const T &Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << Value << "\n";
}
raw_ostream &startLine() {
printIndent();
return OS;
}
raw_ostream &getOStream() { return OS; }
private:
template <typename T> void printVersionInternal(T Value) {
getOStream() << Value;
}
template <typename S, typename T, typename... TArgs>
void printVersionInternal(S Value, T Value2, TArgs... Args) {
getOStream() << Value << ".";
printVersionInternal(Value2, Args...);
}
template <typename T>
static bool flagName(const EnumEntry<T> &lhs, const EnumEntry<T> &rhs) {
return lhs.Name < rhs.Name;
}
void printBinaryImpl(StringRef Label, StringRef Str, ArrayRef<uint8_t> Value,
bool Block, uint32_t StartOffset = 0);
raw_ostream &OS;
int IndentLevel;
StringRef Prefix;
};
template <>
inline void
ScopedPrinter::printHex<support::ulittle16_t>(StringRef Label,
support::ulittle16_t Value) {
startLine() << Label << ": " << hex(Value) << "\n";
}
template<char Open, char Close>
struct DelimitedScope {
explicit DelimitedScope(ScopedPrinter &W) : W(W) {
W.startLine() << Open << '\n';
W.indent();
}
DelimitedScope(ScopedPrinter &W, StringRef N) : W(W) {
W.startLine() << N;
if (!N.empty())
W.getOStream() << ' ';
W.getOStream() << Open << '\n';
W.indent();
}
~DelimitedScope() {
W.unindent();
W.startLine() << Close << '\n';
}
ScopedPrinter &W;
};
using DictScope = DelimitedScope<'{', '}'>;
using ListScope = DelimitedScope<'[', ']'>;
} // namespace llvm
#endif
``` |
The đàn tam thập lục (chữ Hán: 彈三十六, also called simply tam thập lục) is a Vietnamese hammered dulcimer with 36 metal strings. It is used in various genres of traditional music and drama, as well as in modernized traditional music. The instrument is very similar to the Chinese yangqin.
External links
Đàn tam thập lục page
Hammered box zithers
Vietnamese musical instruments |
Mundamala (, ), also called kapalamala or rundamala, is a garland of severed human heads and/or skulls, in Hindu iconography and Tibetan Buddhist iconography. In Hinduism, the mundamala is a characteristic of fearsome aspects of the Hindu Divine Mother and the god Shiva; while in Buddhism, it is worn by wrathful deities of Tibetan Buddhism.
Hindu iconography
Fearsome goddesses
The mundamala is often found in the iconography of the Mahavidyas, a group of ten fearsome Tantric goddesses. Kali, the foremost Mahavidya, often wears a garland of freshly severed heads. The blood from her bleeding garland bathes her body. The number of heads in the mundamala is generally described as fifty. Other Mahavidyas like Tara, Chhinnamasta, Bhairavi, Dhumavati and Matangi are depicted or at least described wearing mundamalas; the goddess may also hold a severed head or skull (kapala) in her hand. In description of Bhairavi, the heads are said to be so fresh that they vomit blood over her breasts.
Another fierce goddess depicted often wearing the mundamala is Chamunda.
Shiva
The god Shiva and his fierce manifestations are often depicted wearing the mundamala; Shiva is covered with ashes and skulls adorn him. Pahari paintings often picture Shiva's family making mundamalas. Shiva's son Kartikeya helps him or his consort Parvati handing over a head, while the latter threads them. Another scene depicts the parents making the mundamala, while Kartikeya and his brother Ganesha play nearby.
The ferocious manifestation of Shiva, Bhairava ("The Terrible") as well as Bhairava's various forms like Vatuk-Bhairava are depicted wearing the mundamala. Other fierce forms of Shiva wearing the mundamalas include Virabhadra, Gajasurasamhara ("Slayer of the Elephant demon") and the eight-armed Aghoramurti.
Symbolism
The fifty or fifty-two heads or skulls in the mundamala are described to symbolize the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet in Kali's iconography, thus signifying the wearer Kali as sabda Brahman, Ultimate Reality recognized as Sound and the primal sound of the sacred syllable Om. Another interpretation links the mundamala symbolizing the heads of foes and demons slain by the wearer goddess in battle. The mundamala in the context of Chhinnamasta's iconography is said to signify her victory over Time and fear of Death.
In Shiva's iconography, the mundamala represents the continual creation and destruction cycles of human existence.
Buddhist iconography
In Tibetan art, various wrathful deities, including the dharmapalas, wear the mundamala, a five-skull crown and human or animal skins. Manifestations of Akshobhya are generally fearsome and are depicted wearing the mundamala as well as skulls and serpents. These include Acala, Heruka, Chakrasamvara and Yamantaka. Mahakala, who from adopted from the Hindu Shiva also wears the mundamala. Hevajra and his terrific emanations also adore the mundamala.
Wrathful Buddhist goddesses like Marichi, Vajravarahi, Guhyeshvari and dakinis are depicted wearing the mundamala.
The Kumari, a girl worshipped as a goddess in Nepal, is identified with Vajravarahi by Buddhists. She wears a silver mundamala signifying her identity as Vajravarahi and her ferocious nature.
Like in Hindu iconography, the mundamala symbolizes the Sanskrit alphabet in Buddhist iconography too. In Chakrasamvara's iconography, it symbolizes the "abandonment of phenomenal appearances" as well as his union with his consort Vajravarahi (when depicted with him).
Notes
References
Hindu iconography
Tibetan art
Buddhist symbols |
Fishman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alan H. Fishman (born 1946), American businessman and bank executive
Alex Fishman (born 1984), Belarusian born architect, designer, and inventor.
Beverly Fishman (born 1955), American artist
Bill Fishman, American film director
Boris Fishman (born 1979), American writer
Charles Adès Fishman (born 1942), American poet and academic
D.A. Fishman, American communication scholar
David Fishman, American academic and author
Elliot K. Fishman, American diagnostic radiologist
Gerald J. Fishman (born 1943), American research astrophysicist
Hal Fishman (1932–2007), American newsman based in Los Angeles, who has been the longest-running news anchor in the history of television
Herman Fishman (1917–1967), American basketball and baseball player
Howard Fishman, American musician, writer and playwright
Irving Fishman (1921–2014), American lawyer and Massachusetts politician
Israel David Fishman (1938–2006), American librarian, founder of the Task Force on Gay Liberation
Jack Fishman (1930–2013), Polish-born American pharmaceutical researcher
Jake Fishman (born 1995), American-Israeli MLB and Olympic baseball player
Jay S. Fishman (1952–2016), American manager
Jerry Fishman (born c.1943), American football player
Jerald G. Fishman (1945–2013), American electrical engineer and businessman
Joelle Fishman (born 1946), American writer and politician from New Jersey
Jon Fishman (born 1965), American musician
Joshua Fishman (1926–2015), American linguist
Konstantin Fishman (born 1977), Russian footballer
Louise Fishman (1939–2021), American abstract painter
Mark Fishman, American cardiologist
Michael Fishman (born 1981), American actor
Mikhail Fishman (born 1972), Russian journalist and television presenter
Mosess Fishman (1916–2007), American activist, leader of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
Naḥman Isaac Fischmann (–1873), Galician writer
Nina Fishman (1946–2009), American-born British labour movement historian and political activist
Paul J. Fishman (born 1957), American lawyer from New Jersey
Peter Fishman (born 1955), Russian sculptor and painter
Rob Fishman (born 1986), American entrepreneur and writer
Rukhl Fishman (1935–1984), Israeli poet
Steven Fishman (born 1957), American ex-scientologist, author of the Fishman Affidavit
Sylvia Barack Fishman (born 1942), American feminist sociologist and author
William H. Fishman (1914–2001), Canadian-American cancer researcher
William J. Fishman (1921–2016), British historian and academic
Yakov Fishman (1913–1983), chief rabbi of Moscow
Fictional characters:
Chuck Fishman, from the American television series Early Edition
Pseudonyms:
Fishman (1951–2017), Mexican wrestler, born José Ángel Nájera Sánchez
See also
Danny Fiszman (1945–2011), diamond dealer
Marian Fischman (1939–2001), American psychologist
Scott Fischman (born 1980), American poker player
Sheila Fischman (born 1937), Canadian translator
Surnames of Jewish origin |
Casaroli is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Agostino Casaroli (1914–1998), Italian cardinal and diplomat
Walter Casaroli (born 1957), Italian footballer
See also
La banda Casaroli
Italian-language surnames |
One Wild Life: Soul is a studio album by Gungor. Hither & Yon Records released the album on August 7, 2015.
Critical reception
Awarding the album four and a half stars from CCM Magazine, Kevin Sparkman writes, "Soul is expertly crafted and calls for all within earshot to take immediate notice." Lauren McLean, rating the album a 3.9 out of five at The Christian Beat, states, "Writing from unbearable experiences and life itself, this album is easy on the ears and good for the heart." Giving the album four stars by Worship Leader, Jeremy Armstrong describes, "This is kingdom art. It's jarring to some, but some jarring is good...God who is seen dimly, but also more clearly when we chase after him with this One Wild Life." Jonathan Harris, indicating in a ten out of ten review by Cross Rhythms, says, "This album catches so many emotions so powerfully."
Track listing
Chart performance
In its debut week, the album sold 5,000 copies in the US.
References
2015 albums
Gungor albums |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
found in the LICENSE file.
-->
<bitmap xmlns:android="path_to_url"
android:src="@drawable/btn_left" />
``` |
Elections to Dover District Council in Kent, England were held on 5 May 2011. The whole council was up for election. The previous election for the District Council was held in May 2007.
Election result
The Conservatives retained overall control, albeit with a reduced majority. Labour captured four seats from the Conservatives, who themselves took two from the Liberal Democrats, eliminating the latter from the council. Although Labour had recovered some seats, they did not restore their position as before the previous election in 2007.
Seat gains/losses are in relation to the previous whole council election in 2007.
Ward results
Only Labour offered candidates in all wards (but not all seats); the Conservatives left the field clear for an independent to oppose Labour in Town and Pier (unsuccessfully). The Liberal Democrats stood in only five wards (ten in 2007), nowhere being particularly popular in terms of votes except in the ward where they lost their only two seats. Unusually, UKIP did not put forward any candidates. There were several independent or local interest candidates.
Successful candidates are in bold; defending incumbents are indicated by "*". Percentages are of the total number of votes cast (In multiple member wards, each voter may vote for each vacancy, i.e., in a three-member ward each voter has three votes).
References
2011
2011 English local elections
2010s in Kent |
```css
.red-text {
color: red;
}
``` |
Richard Pratt (23 June 1896 – 10 October 1982) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Derbyshire in 1923 and 1924.
Pratt was born at Lower Broughton, Salford, Lancashire. He made his debut for Derbyshire in August 1923 against Leicestershire. In his two innings, he made 13 and 2 which was to remain a typical scoreline for most of his matches. He played one more match in 1923 and three in 1924. Against Surrey he made his top score of 17 not out.
Pratt was a right-hand batsman and played ten innings in five first-class matches with an average of 8.11 and a top score of 17 not out. He was an occasional wicket-keeper but never performed as such in first-class cricket.
Pratt died at Alvaston, Derby at the age of 86.
References
1896 births
1982 deaths
Derbyshire cricketers
English cricketers
People from Broughton, Greater Manchester
Cricketers from Greater Manchester
Sportspeople from the City of Salford
People from Alvaston
Cricketers from Derby |
The South Gawler Football Club is a country Australian rules football club, founded by James Fitzgerald in the Gawler South area of the town of Gawler, South Australia, in 1889. The Lions, who wear royal blue and white stripes, currently compete in the Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association. Their club and oval today situated at Eldred Riggs Reserve, Evanston, in Gawler.
The Lions (often also nicknamed "Southies") have produced some champion footballers, many who have played senior football in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) and the Australian Football League (AFL) as well as representing South Australia. Sam Butler became South Gawler's first fully professional footballer with the AFL's West Coast Eagles in 2004 and a member of the Eagles' 2006 Premiership team. Defender Yves Sibenaler Jr played in seven SANFL Premierships (2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010) for Central District, while Alan Obst (a 2007 Premiership player also with the Bulldogs) was listed with AFL clubs Adelaide and North Melbourne. During the twentieth century, WW "Winky" Price (a triple premiership player with West Adelaide), Lawrie Rusby (who played 172 league games for South Adelaide including premierships in 1935 and 1941) and Irishman Robin Mulholland (112 games for Central District) also represented South Australia in State-of-Origin during celebrated careers in the SANFL. While Stephen Officer played for South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League between 1971 and 1975.
According to a number of forums covering country Australian Rules football, South Gawler is possibly one of the most successful football clubs in Australia. Following the 2023 BLGFA title, with 39 first-grade premierships recorded and verified, discussion since 2008 suggests that the Lions have accumulated the third-most premierships in South Australia and are the equal-sixth winningest Australian Rules club in Australia.
While success at senior level had initially eluded them in the new century, South Gawler remained buoyant with their junior development programs continuing to consistently produce success. The club's Junior Colts won the flag in 2012 and 2015, while the Senior Colts' completed a hat-trick of premierships from 2009 to 2011, again in 2013 and most recently were crowned back-to-back premiers again in 2019 and 2020.
In 2017, womens football began with the BLGW so South created the Lionesses – first entering a senior team in the following 2018 season. Despite humble origins, several excellent talents emerged; including Tegan Nottle – who was selected on the wing for state country in that inaugural season. And in 2022, Captain-Coach Aisha Thomas won the Lionesses' first ever Association best and fairest. In season 2023, the Under 16 Girls team would claim the club's first ever BLGW premiership (at any level) within only five years.
In 2021 the Lions finally broke their longest senior mens premiership drought (since 1993) in the club's 135-year history. After 28 years (an interim during which they finished runners up in 1996, 2014 and 2020) South came back from a 57 point deficit halfway through the second quarter to overturn arch-rivals Willaston by one goal in the 2021 Grand Final at Elliott Goodger Park. The Lions at last would claim their fourth BLGFA title and 38th senior premiership. It is one of the greatest comeback victories in SA country football Grand Final history, and quite likely the greatest turnaround in any BLGFA final ever. 2021 was further punctuated by the club winning the first ever inaugural BLGFA Under 13s premiership for a new junior grade, while the Reserves were gallant runners-up.
Season 2022 saw both the A Grade and Reserves make the Grand Final once again, however with a reversal of fortunes. While the second senior team were crowned Premiers; their first title since 2012, the A Grade who had dominated all season to be favourites were upset by Nuriootpa.
In 2023, at their fourth Grand Final in a row, the A Grade achieved redemption – rebounding after a 1 point defeat by Nuriootpa in the First Semi Final to then overcome the Tigers by 12 points in the Grand Final, before a record crowd at Lyndoch Oval. South Gawler's 39th senior mens title since 1889. While the Reserves and Under 13s were upset in their Grand Finals after finishing top at the end of the minor round.
Premierships
Gawler Football Association
1891,
1893,
1894,
1899,
1901,
1902,
1906,
1907,
1909,
1910,
1911,
1920,
1921,
1922,
1923,
1924,
1925,
1927,
1929,
1931,
1932,
1934,
1952
Gawler and District Football League
1954,
1955,
1960
Adelaide Plains Football League
1961
Gawler and District Football League
1963,
1967,
1969,
1970,
1974,
1979,
1986
Barossa, Light and Gawler Football Association
1990,
1992,
1993,
2021,
2023
Life Members
1891 – J. Fitzgerald, T.H. Willett
1934 – A. Sweeney, C.A. Rau, E. Higgins
1947 – E. Mahoney, H. Freeman, G. Mahoney, R. Byrne
1953 – P. Giles, F. Hutchins
1954 – W.T. Causby
1958 – A.C. Nottle, G.E. Nottle
1960 – S.N. Edmonds, H.J. Smith
1961 – H.C. Adams, R.B. Gordon, R.F. Martin
1965 – R.J. Argent, G.S. Shannon, B. Nottle, G. Newberry, R.J. Shannon, J.A. Gleeson
1966 – R. Symes, J.W. Nottle
1968 – M.V. Heinrich, K.M. Jones, C. Freak Jnr, D.H. Freak
1969 – D.A. Clark, T. Stockton, T.E. Gleeson, R.J. Riggs, R.J. Charnstrom, B.P. O'Donoghue
1970 – B. Long
1971 – D.S. Rolton, Mrs D.R. McDonald, Mrs C.J. Clark
1972 – Mrs M. Mahoney, B. Deuter, I. McDonald, J.L.P. O'Reilly
1973 – E. Officer
1975 – P.J.W. Gevers, W.W. Isgar
1978 – R.E. Officer, G. Hurst
1979 – E.P. Alwood
1980 – A.H. Russell, J.T. Symes
1982 – Mrs D.J. Symes
1985 – A.P. Jenkins, G.P. Short
1986 – L.G. Clark
1989 – M.K. O'Reilly, K.P. O'Reilly
1992 – X. Sibenaler
1993 – R.J. Hutchins
1998 – C. Bloffwitch, Z. Okunieff
2003 – Mrs L. Officer, P. Montgomerie, Ms M. Wohlstadt
2004 – R.J. O'Donoghue
2005 – J.F. Daly, D.C. Ellis
2009 – R. Ahrens
2010 – P. Bain
2012 – K. Bevis
2014 – K. Barker, G. Barker
2015 – Mrs. J. Hewett
2016 – G. Davies
2018 – D. Barker, C. Hurst
2019 – G. Schultz, D. Cash
2023 – W.F. Paternoster, L. McVicar, J. Callander, S. Rolton, G. McCollum, D. Kiryk, J. Costa, K. Hewett
State of Origin Footballers
Peter Swift – South Adelaide, South Australia
Cecil Adcock – South Adelaide, South Australia
Charlie Waters – South Adelaide, South Australia
E.H. Cockram – South Adelaide, South Australia
"Winky" Price – West Adelaide, South Australia
Lawrie Rusby – South Adelaide, South Australia
Robin Mulholland – Central District, South Australia
VFL / AFL League Footballers
Stephen Officer – South Melbourne
Sam Butler – Central District, West Coast, East Perth, Perth
Alan Obst – Central District, Adelaide, North Melbourne
SANFL League Footballers
Jimmy Fitzgerald – Gawler
George Sanderson – Gawler
Fred May – South Adelaide
Toby Arthur – South Adelaide
Sid Coles – North Adelaide
Doug Thomson – Sturt
Tom Doherty – South Adelaide
Tom Woods – North Adelaide
Fred Rusby – North Adelaide
Eddie Henwood – South Adelaide
G.A. Titus – Norwood
Wally Ayling – North Adelaide
Perce Crump – South Adelaide, Norwood
Howard Abbott – Port Adelaide
Ron May – North Adelaide
Arthur Lamb – North Adelaide
Jim Wainwright – North Adelaide
Bruce Causby – Sturt
John Nottle – Sturt
Bob Edmonds – Central District
Yves Sibenaler – Central District
Anton Noack – Central District
Kym Harrison – Woodville
Chris Hurst – Central District
Gary Sutton – Central District
Aaron Bevis – Central District
Kane Officer – Central District
Yves M. Sibenaler – Central District
Brodie Hudson – Central District
Paul Marschall – Central District, Adelaide
Marcus Barreau – Central District
Jordan Tippins – Central District
Expatriate SANFL / WAFL / VFL League Footballers
Dick Shirley – West Torrens
Barry Walker – West Torrens
Kevin Webber – Central District
Peter Burford – Sturt
Alf Skuse – South Adelaide
Mick Daly – Central District
Lyndon Fairclough – Central District
Ken Russell – Central District
Bing Munn – West Adelaide
Clayton Pethick – North Adelaide
Darryl Moss – Glenelg
James Fuller – South Adelaide / Woodville
Graham Schultz – South Adelaide / Central District
Peter Beythien – Central District
Steven Riley – Central District
Brendan Little – North Adelaide / Central District
David Bubner – Central District
Peter Hart – North Adelaide
Malcolm McGrath – Central District
Tano Barilla – Central District
Joe Trimboli – Central District
Garth Newton – Woodville
Ian Dettman – Woodville
Lindsay Nicholls – North Adelaide / Norwood
Steven Hann – North Adelaide / Port Adelaide
Gavin Chaplin – West Perth / Central District
Scott Norton – Central District
Robert Fraser – Central District
Nick Prokopec – Central District / West Adelaide
Heath Lawry – Williamstown (Collingwood) / Central District
Aaron Bayliss – West Adelaide
Matt Lutze – West Adelaide
Chris Musolino – Central District
Chad O'Sullivan – Central District / North Adelaide
Jackson Press – Woodville-West Torrens
Dean Cutting – Central District
Jack Osborn – Adelaide / Sturt
Domenic Costanzo – Adelaide
Josh Wittwer – Adelaide
Expatriate SANFLW League Footballers
Aisha Thomas – Central District
South Australia State Country Footballers
1986 – Brett Riggs
1994 – Eddie Schwerdt
1995 – Eddie Schwerdt
2022 – Patrick White
2022 – Steve Burton
2022 – Flynn Pisani
2023 – Patrick White
2023 – Flynn Pisani
South Australia State Country Footballers (Womens)
2019 – Tegan Nottle
South Australia State Under-age Footballers
1951 – Brenton Nottle
1985 – Brett Riggs
1989 – Darren Joyce
1997 – Aaron Bevis
2003 – Sam Butler
2005 – Alan Obst
Association Best and Fairest
Gawler Football Association
1912 Mail Medal – Winky Price
1923 P.J. Broderick Medal – H. Bentley / A.R. May
1927 P.J. Broderick Medal – P. Baldwin
1936 Mail Medal – Eddie Mahoney
1937 Mail Medal – Eddie Mahoney
1938 Mail Medal – Eddie Mahoney
1941 W. Wiles Trophy – M. Williams
1947 Page Trophy – Bob Gordon
1948 Page Trophy – Bob Gordon
Gawler and District Football League
1954 Mail Trophy – Stan Edmonds
1957 Mail Trophy – John Nottle
1963 Mail Trophy – Dean Clark
1970 Mail Trophy – Xavier Sibenaler
1975 Mail Trophy – Mick Daly
1976 Mail Trophy – Kym Stoddard
1983 Bunyip Medal – Graham Schultz
Barossa, Light and Gawler Football Association
1989 Linke and Mail Medals – Eddie Schwerdt
1992 Linke and Mail Medals – Eddie Schwerdt
1995 Linke and Mail Medals – Eddie Schwerdt
2002 Linke and Mail Medals – Ben Halliday
2022 Schluter Medal – Steve Burton
2023 Schluter and Mail Medals – Steve Burton
BLGW
2022 Central District Football Club BLGW Trophy – Aisha Thomas
Ten Year Players
Charlie Nottle
George Nottle
Fred Rusby
Charlie Riggs
Lawrie Rusby
Eddie Mahoney
Ron May
Alan Pearce
Ted Alwood
Eddie Rau
Robert Argent
Brian Congdon
Doug Freak
John Hutchins
Brenton Nottle
Len Nottle
Tom Symes
Victor Sergejevs
Graham Shrubsole
Craig Argent
Stephen Rolton
Simon Head
Shane Riggs
Darren Bloffwitch
Jamahl Butler
Adrian Brown
Martin Bartholomew
Barry Deuter
Tom Gleeson
Kevin Jones
Maurice Martin
Barry Klose
Colin Power
Graham Shannon
William Wright
Garry Barker
George Scotland
Gary McCollum
Robert Copson
Shane O’Donoghue
Shaun Fulton
William Beckmann
Stan Edmonds
Dennis Grigg
Anthony Pilichiewicz
Robert Martin
Gerald Newberry
Xavier Sibenaler
Grant O’Reilly
Peter Bain
Jeffrey Brown
Allan Brookes
Scott McDonald
Craig Fowler
Andrew Bevis
Denis Heinrich
Des Clark
Brian Freak
Harold Heinrich
Brian Long
Alan McDonald
Robert O’Donoghue
Ross Rigney
Keith Trenowden
Rod Smith
James Callander
Matthew Walker
Eddie Schwerdt
Darren Joyce
Lee Makris
Damien Ellis
Robert Charnstrom
Claude Freak Jr
Max Heinrich
Norman Khan
Ian McDonald
David Rolton
Zenon Okunieff
Robert Officer
Robert Sutton
Ron Riggs
Kevin Hewett
Peter Joyce
Andrew Springbett
Garry James
Craig Hiskins
Christopher Hurst
Steven Nicolai
Matthew Rana
Brenton Craig
Tyson Gordon
Tim Clift
Sam Montgomerie
Jonathan Costa
Jake McVicar
Lachlan Hewett
Ben Greatorex
Aaron Bevis
Jacob Ahern
Clayton Cameron
Matthew Daly
Tyson Bowden
Alex Hansen
Jackson Dare
Nathan Bartsch
Daniel Goulding
Scott Evans
References
Heinrich, David and Hurst, Garry. The history of the South Gawler Football Club 1889–1989, [Gawler, S. Aust. : The South Gawler Football Club], c1990
Laidlaw, Robert. The History of the Gawler and District Football League. Bunyip Press. 2008
Lines, Peter. Encyclopedia of South Australian Country Football Clubs. 2008
Laidlaw, Robert. The Central District Football Club 30 Year Almanac
External links
Australian rules football clubs in South Australia
1889 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1889 |
```yaml
name: aliases_retype_remote_component_and_child
description: A program that replaces a resource component and its child with an alias.
runtime: go
``` |
```objective-c
#ifndef VOXEL_STRING_NAMES_H
#define VOXEL_STRING_NAMES_H
#include "../util/godot/core/string_name.h"
#include "../util/math/ortho_basis.h"
namespace zylann::voxel {
class VoxelStringNames {
private:
static VoxelStringNames *g_singleton;
public:
static const VoxelStringNames &get_singleton();
static void create_singleton();
static void destroy_singleton();
VoxelStringNames();
StringName _emerge_block;
StringName _immerge_block;
StringName _generate_block;
StringName _get_used_channels_mask;
StringName block_loaded;
StringName block_unloaded;
StringName mesh_block_entered;
StringName mesh_block_exited;
StringName store_colors_in_texture;
StringName scale;
StringName enable_baked_lighting;
StringName pivot_mode;
StringName u_transition_mask;
StringName u_block_local_transform;
StringName u_lod_fade;
StringName voxel_normalmap_atlas;
StringName voxel_normalmap_lookup;
StringName u_voxel_normalmap_atlas;
StringName u_voxel_cell_lookup;
StringName u_voxel_cell_size;
StringName u_voxel_block_size;
StringName u_voxel_virtual_texture_fade;
StringName u_voxel_virtual_texture_tile_size;
StringName u_voxel_virtual_texture_offset_scale;
StringName u_voxel_lod_info;
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
StringName _voxel_debug_vt_position;
#endif
// These are usually in CoreStringNames, but when compiling as a GDExtension, we don't have access to them
StringName changed;
StringName frame_post_draw;
#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
StringName Add;
StringName Remove;
StringName EditorIcons;
StringName EditorFonts;
StringName Pin;
StringName ExternalLink;
StringName Search;
StringName source;
StringName _dummy_function;
StringName grab_focus;
StringName font;
StringName font_size;
StringName font_color;
StringName Label;
StringName Editor;
#endif
StringName _rpc_receive_blocks;
StringName _rpc_receive_area;
StringName unnamed;
StringName air;
StringName cube;
StringName axis;
StringName direction;
StringName rotation;
StringName x;
StringName y;
StringName z;
StringName negative_x;
StringName negative_y;
StringName negative_z;
StringName positive_x;
StringName positive_y;
StringName positive_z;
FixedArray<StringName, math::ORTHO_ROTATION_COUNT> ortho_rotation_names;
String ortho_rotation_enum_hint_string;
StringName compiled;
StringName _on_async_search_completed;
StringName async_search_completed;
StringName file_selected;
};
} // namespace zylann::voxel
#endif // VOXEL_STRING_NAMES_H
``` |
```c++
/*
*/
#include "dll_log.hpp"
#include <Windows.h>
struct scoped_file_handle
{
~scoped_file_handle()
{
if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
CloseHandle(handle);
}
operator HANDLE() const { return handle; }
void operator=(HANDLE new_handle)
{
handle = new_handle;
}
private:
HANDLE handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
};
static scoped_file_handle s_file_handle;
bool reshade::log::open_log_file(const std::filesystem::path &path, std::error_code &ec)
{
// Close the previous file first
// Do this here, instead of in 'scoped_file_handle::operator=', so that the old handle is closed before the new handle is created
if (s_file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
CloseHandle(s_file_handle);
// Open the log file for writing (and flush on each write) and clear previous contents
s_file_handle = CreateFileW(path.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, nullptr, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH, NULL);
if (s_file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
// Last error may be ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS if an existing file was overwritten, which can be ignored
ec.clear();
return true;
}
else
{
ec.assign(GetLastError(), std::system_category());
return false;
}
}
void reshade::log::message(level level, const char *format, ...)
{
static constexpr char level_names[][6] = { "ERROR", "WARN ", "INFO ", "DEBUG" };
if (static_cast<size_t>(level) == 0)
level = level::error;
if (static_cast<size_t>(level) > std::size(level_names))
level = level::debug;
SYSTEMTIME time;
GetLocalTime(&time);
std::string line_string;
line_string.resize(256);
// Start a new line
const auto meta_length = std::snprintf(line_string.data(), line_string.size(),
#if RESHADE_VERBOSE_LOG
"%04hd-%02hd-%02hdT"
#endif
"%02hd:%02hd:%02hd:%03hd [%5lu] | %.5s | ",
#if RESHADE_VERBOSE_LOG
time.wYear, time.wMonth, time.wDay,
#endif
time.wHour, time.wMinute, time.wSecond, time.wMilliseconds, GetCurrentThreadId(), level_names[static_cast<size_t>(level) - 1]);
va_list args;
va_start(args, format);
const auto content_length = std::vsnprintf(line_string.data() + meta_length, line_string.size() + 1 - meta_length, format, args);
va_end(args);
const auto remaining_content = static_cast<size_t>(meta_length) + static_cast<size_t>(content_length) > line_string.size();
line_string.resize(static_cast<size_t>(meta_length) + static_cast<size_t>(content_length));
if (remaining_content)
{
va_start(args, format);
std::vsnprintf(line_string.data() + meta_length, line_string.size() + 1 - meta_length, format, args);
va_end(args);
}
line_string += '\n'; // Terminate line with line feed
// Replace all LF with CRLF
for (size_t offset = 0; (offset = line_string.find('\n', offset)) != std::string::npos; offset += 2)
line_string.replace(offset, 1, "\r\n", 2);
// Write line to the log file
if (s_file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
DWORD written = 0;
WriteFile(s_file_handle, line_string.data(), static_cast<DWORD>(line_string.size()), &written, nullptr);
assert(written == line_string.size());
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
// Write line to the debug output
OutputDebugStringA(line_string.c_str());
#endif
}
``` |
Good Vibes is a 2011 Philippine teen dance musical drama anthology series aired on ABS-CBN from April 3 to August 28, 2011 replacing Your Song and was replaced by Growing Up. It stars Sam Concepcion, Enrique Gil and Arron Villaflor, with some of the teen housemates from Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Clash 2010, James Reid, Devon Seron, Ivan Dorschner, Yen Santos and Kazel Kinouchi, along with other newcomers Coleen Garcia, Linn Oeymo, Heidi Reigo, Chikara Nawa.
Overview
Synopsis
This story is about the two 17-year-old brothers Troy and Marc. Marc Pedroza (Sam Concepcion) is the school crush, valedictorian, the president of the school's dance crew, and he also has a perfect loving family. He has everything everyone envies of, but then he wants to prove to everyone that he can be more than what his parents want him to be. But in the story his usually perfect life turns out to be not so perfect at all as he finds out that his dad Nestor (Dominic Ochoa) has a son Troy Cabrera (Enrique Gil) out of wedlock. Within his dance group a scandal leaked which one of their teammates got their other teammate pregnant, they have no one to replace her so she carries on dancing even in her condition. At the end of one of their performances, the girl faints and the school teachers find out what has happened to the girl. Her and the boy get expelled and Marc being the head of the dance crew gets punished. The afternoon after, Marc finds out he has a half brother, whose mother has died due to an illness so Troy has to live with his father's family. Troy and Marc do not get along but they have one thing in common; they both love to dance. Eventually, Marc's dance crew find out Troy is a good dancer and invite him to join their team along with Geleen. There are rows happening between Marc and Monique as they have just broken up because Monique found out that Marc only courted her because of a bet. Ara and Marc are best of friends, but Ara truly loves Marc and wishes for the love to be returned. However, Marc tries to move on and uses Ara as an alibi to help him. Maribeth is being courted by Spencer and Gab, however, she picks Spencer and their differences help their relationship. They have a big dance competition against Ralion, who is the new guy courting Monique and later wins the competition. However, new twists happen between Spencer and Maribeth, Ara and Gab, Monique and Marc, and Troy and Geleen.
Cast and characters
Main cast
Sam Concepcion as Marc Pedroza (The Good Son) – He is the legitimate son of the principal, the president of the dance troupe, and a candidate for valedictorian. Monique is his ex-girlfriend and is best friends with Ara but he's still in love with Monique and tries to get her back and in the end they get back together leaving Ara heartbroken. He soon gets along with his brother Troy, they become best buddies after all.
Enrique Gil as Troy Cabrera (The Illegitimate Son) - Solely raised by his mother. He becomes a rebel after the death of his mother and must now live with the family of his real father. He has a crush on Geleen but soon becomes her boyfriend. After all the things he has been through, Troy starts to be a good boy and is always there for his brother.
Arron Villaflor as Franco Mendoza (The Best friend) – The best friend of Marc who is practically part of Marc's family. He is well known in school but seems 'presko' with the girls. He fell in love with Marc's sister.
Coleen Garcia as Monique Castillejo (The Ex) – The ex-girlfriend of Marc who comes from a middle-class family of achievers, which is why she wants to become valedictorian. She has so many extra-curricular activities in school, soccer being her favorite. Since she broke up with Marc, she ignores him and always tells him to leave her alone but she still secretly admires Marc. She is still in love with him. Marc still loves Monique, and treats Ara as a friend only and never had deeper feelings for her. She becomes close to Ralion, but still, her heart belongs to Marc, and defends him from Ralion's bullying. In the end, Monique and Marc rekindle the spark in their relationship.
Yen Santos as Dayanara "Ara" Gonzales (The Secret Admirer) – She is a popular girl in the school who is secretly in love with Marc. She is a member of the dance troupe, but is not good at dancing. So she decided to be the manager of the group instead. At last she gave way for Marc to go back to Monique because Marc and Ara were not meant to be and never will.
James Reid as Spencer Ziff (The Sickly Dude) – He is the cousin of Franco who came to the Philippines from Australia. He came from a middle-class family, and in the story he will be involved with Maribeth Tamayo because he is in love with her. They become a couple later.
Devon Seron as Maribeth Tamayo (The No. 1 Pare) – A boyish girl who is also the childhood friend of Troy. She is secretly in love with Troy, but forgets her feelings for him eventually. She cares for her family and wants to earn money for them. She is also in love with Spencer and they become couple.
Linn Oeymo as Geleen Weiss (The Dream Girl) – She is an upper-middle-class girl who just recently stayed in the Philippines. She is a new student who loves to stay and live in the country. She became part of Sinag Diwa, and part of their barkada. Troy has a crush on her. She and Troy later become a couple.
Ivan Dorschner as Gabriel Weiss (The Mysterious Guy) – He is an upper middle class guy who just recently arrived and stayed in the country. He is Geleen's twin brother that loves to create music that will help them through the competitions. He is also in love with Maribeth but gets dumped after all.
Kazel Kinouchi as Lea Carlos (The Queen Bee) – She is a rich and an 'alta sosyedad' girl who has a Mean Girl image in school. She is pretty but complains that no boys ever fall in love with her.
Heide Reigo as Jamie Sarmiento (The Romantic) – She is an upper-middle-class girl who visualizes love romantically, but then she is afraid to fall in love. She is a good dancer.
Chikara Nawa as Wowie Ogiya (The Gender Bender) – The upper-middle class geeky guy who seems act as weird. He is athletic, loves hip-hop, fashion, cooking, and other 'girly' things but a great dancer.
Supporting cast
Dominic Ochoa as Nestor Pedroza
Yayo Aguila as Amanda Pedroza
Kristel Moreno as Carmi Pedroza
Maribeth Bichara as Alexandra Torres
Sandy Aloba as Ms. Moreno
April Sun as Annie
Joe Vargas as Danilo
Eslove Briones as Jhong
Nel Gomez as Ralion
Justin Gonzales as Rob
Arnold Reyes as Melchor Tamayo
Kalila Aguilos as Anna
Che Ramos as Charlene Weiss
Kyra Custodio as Saicy
RR Enriquez as Gracia
Patrick Sugui as Dino
I.A. Dela Cruz as Ayie
Special participation
Farrah Florer as Troy Cabrera's mother
Ann Li as Lucy Ledesma
Javy Gil as himself
See also
List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN
List of programs aired by ABS-CBN
References
External links
Official website
ABS-CBN original programming
Philippine teen drama television series
2011 Philippine television series debuts
2011 Philippine television series endings
Philippine anthology television series
Filipino-language television shows
Television series about brothers
Television series about teenagers
Television shows set in the Philippines |
Scores is a strip club in New York City. In its early years, it was known for its celebrity clientele, which included Howard Stern, Russell Crowe and Jason Giambi. At its peak, it operated in two locations in Manhattan and licensed its name to strip clubs in five other cities. The club has been beset by legal problems over the years, which have included ties to organized crime, tax evasion by its top executives, and club-sanctioned prostitution.
History
Scores opened on October 31, 1991, and until December 1997 was run mainly by Michael D. Blutrich. In 1996, Blutrich, after being implicated in an unrelated $400 million fraud case in Florida, began to cooperate secretly with Federal authorities concerning alleged Gambino crime family extortions from the club's officials and from its employees. Blutrich pleaded guilty to fraud charges in Florida and to making illegal payments to the Gambino family in New York. He subsequently became involved in the frauds that led to the collapse of the National Heritage Life Insurance Company.
In 1998, Scores filed for bankruptcy protection, citing $1.7 million in debts. Earlier that year, after reputed Gambino family mobsters were indicted on charges related to Scores, a new management team was installed. The club's new administrators attributed the losses to debts incurred by previous managers who were dominated by organized crime, and to extensive renovation costs to comply with the city's new zoning regulations.
In 2002, Scores formed a partnership with video game publisher Acclaim Entertainment, with footage of the club's employees being featured as unlockable content in the extreme sports title BMX XXX. The game's lead designer Tin Guerrero postulated that Acclaim's decision was influenced by Howard Stern's popularity and his status as a high-profile club patron. As part of the game's marketing campaign, Acclaim launched a "Ms. BMX XXX" competition, in which female contestants submitted a digital photo of themselves or a friend, which was subject to a public vote. The winner was flown to New York City and escorted to Scores by Gary Dell'Abate and K.C. Armstrong of The Howard Stern Show.
In February 2006 a Manhattan grand jury returned tax evasion indictments against Scores manager Harvey Osher, chief executive officer Richard Goldring, and a bookkeeper. Manhattan's District Attorney said that an investigation into customers' complaints of overcharging revealed a scheme by Scores managers involving shell companies, the pressuring of some strippers into giving kickbacks, and the falsification of income tax returns. Goldring pleaded guilty, and Osher also admitted to his role in the scheme. At least three patrons sued Scores, saying their credit cards were overcharged by tens and even hundreds of thousands of dollars. One patron sued the club after he got a $28,000 bill, and another disputed $129,000 in charges.
The New York State Liquor Authority took enforcement action against Scores in 2008, citing club-condoned prostitution. The license of the Scores location in Chelsea, Manhattan was suspended for two years, after undercover police found women selling sex in back rooms, VIP lounges and bathrooms. In 2009, a few months after it was closed, the Chelsea Scores came under new management.
The original Scores location, on East 60th Street in New York City, closed in December 2008 due to a weak economy and loss of its license in Chelsea, which cut revenues, as well as threatened loss of the license of the east side location.
In 2014, five members of a criminal ring were indicted for drugging men and bringing them to Scores and another strip club, where they ran up bills of hundreds of thousands of dollars while incapacitated. Prosecutors said the women received a percentage of the bills the men accrued. The owners of the clubs were not charged. The case became the basis for an article in New York magazine, which was adapted into the 2019 movie Hustlers.
See also
List of strip clubs
References
1990s establishments in New York City
1990s in Manhattan
New York City society
Sex industry in New York (state)
Strip clubs in the United States
Women in New York City |
```go
//go:build linux
package cgroups
import (
"fmt"
"path/filepath"
"strconv"
"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/cgroups"
"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/cgroups/fs"
"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/cgroups/fs2"
"github.com/opencontainers/runc/libcontainer/configs"
)
type linuxMemHandler struct {
Mem fs.MemoryGroup
}
func getMemoryHandler() *linuxMemHandler {
return &linuxMemHandler{}
}
// Apply set the specified constraints
func (c *linuxMemHandler) Apply(ctr *CgroupControl, res *configs.Resources) error {
if ctr.cgroup2 {
man, err := fs2.NewManager(ctr.config, filepath.Join(cgroupRoot, ctr.config.Path))
if err != nil {
return err
}
return man.Set(res)
}
path := filepath.Join(cgroupRoot, Memory, ctr.config.Path)
return c.Mem.Set(path, res)
}
// Create the cgroup
func (c *linuxMemHandler) Create(ctr *CgroupControl) (bool, error) {
if ctr.cgroup2 {
return false, nil
}
return ctr.createCgroupDirectory(Memory)
}
// Destroy the cgroup
func (c *linuxMemHandler) Destroy(ctr *CgroupControl) error {
return rmDirRecursively(ctr.getCgroupv1Path(Memory))
}
// Stat fills a metrics structure with usage stats for the controller
func (c *linuxMemHandler) Stat(ctr *CgroupControl, m *cgroups.Stats) error {
var err error
memUsage := cgroups.MemoryStats{}
var memoryRoot string
var limitFilename string
if ctr.cgroup2 {
memoryRoot = filepath.Join(cgroupRoot, ctr.config.Path)
limitFilename = "memory.max"
if memUsage.Usage.Usage, err = readFileByKeyAsUint64(filepath.Join(memoryRoot, "memory.stat"), "anon"); err != nil {
return err
}
} else {
memoryRoot = ctr.getCgroupv1Path(Memory)
limitFilename = "memory.limit_in_bytes"
path := filepath.Join(memoryRoot, "memory.stat")
values, err := readCgroupMapPath(path)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// cgroup v1 does not have a single "anon" field, but we can calculate it
// from total_active_anon and total_inactive_anon
memUsage.Usage.Usage = 0
for _, key := range []string{"total_active_anon", "total_inactive_anon"} {
if _, found := values[key]; !found {
continue
}
res, err := strconv.ParseUint(values[key][0], 10, 64)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("parse %s from %s: %w", key, path, err)
}
memUsage.Usage.Usage += res
}
}
memUsage.Usage.Limit, err = readFileAsUint64(filepath.Join(memoryRoot, limitFilename))
if err != nil {
return err
}
m.MemoryStats = memUsage
return nil
}
``` |
Codeine is the twenty-second studio album by American rapper Z-Ro, released on December 1, 2017, under 1 Deep Entertainment and was distributed by EMPIRE. The album features guest appearances from Lil' Keke, Big Baby Flava, Jhonni Blaze, and Lil Flea.
Track listing
Charts
References
2017 albums
Z-Ro albums |
Edward Catcher (alias Burton, c. 1585–1623), was an English Jesuit, from London.
Biography
Catcher (alias Burton) was the son of Edward Catcher of London, was born in 1584 or 1586, and studied at Balliol College, Oxford, where he obtained a B.A. He was reconciled to the Catholic Church in 1606, entered the English College at Rome the same year. He completed his studies at the English College, Valladolid and joined the Society of Jesus at Louvain in 1609 or 1611. He was procurator of the order at Liège 1621–1623, and died on the English mission about 1624.
Works
Catcher translated into English Father François Véron's sermons preached before the Duke de Longueville, and his Defeat of Henshe, the Calvinistic Minister, printed at Douai 1616.
Notes
References
Attribution
This source cites:
Foley's Records, i. 149, vi. 240, 523, vii. 123;
Southwell's Bibl. Script. Soc. Jesu, 184;
Oliver's Jesuit Collections, 63;
Backer's Bibl. des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus (1869), 966.
1585 births
1623 deaths
17th-century English Jesuits
Jesuits from London
English College, Rome alumni |
is the ninth live video album by Japanese band Wagakki Band, released on April 23, 2022 by Universal Music Japan in two editions: Blu-ray + CD and Blu-ray + DVD. The video covers the band's annual New Year concert at the Nippon Budokan on January 9, 2022. The concert aired on Wowow Plus on February 27, 2022.
The video peaked at No. 10 on Oricon's Blu-ray chart.
Track listing
All tracks are arranged by Wagakki Band.
Personnel
Yuko Suzuhana – vocals
Machiya – guitar
Beni Ninagawa – tsugaru shamisen
Kiyoshi Ibukuro – koto
Asa – bass
Daisuke Kaminaga – shakuhachi
Wasabi – drums
Kurona – wadaiko
Charts
References
External links
(Universal Music Japan)
Wagakki Band video albums
2022 video albums
Japanese-language video albums
Universal Music Japan video albums
Albums recorded at the Nippon Budokan |
Killik & Co is a British retail investment company and independent Partnership, providing advice on savings, planning and investment to retail investors through a network of branches in the UK, managing assets on behalf of 19,000 clients.
History
Killik & Co was founded in the late 1980s as a stockbroking firm by entrepreneurs Paul Killik and Matthew Orr. It is one of the few remaining independent Partnerships in the UK retail investing market following consolidation amongst European, Japanese and American investment banks following the Big Bang in the late 1980s. The company is formatted "on traditional lines to provide a personal advisory service to clients from the day they first walk through the door".
Killik & Co is headquartered in Grosvenor Street, Mayfair, with 6 branches.
Awards
The company has won multiple awards, including the 2021 Investors Chronicle & Financial Times Reader's Choice Investor Champion of the Year.
References
Investment companies of the United Kingdom |
Mezzana Mortigliengo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Biella in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about northeast of Biella nearby the Lago delle Piane.
References
Cities and towns in Piedmont |
Washington Grove is a passenger rail station in Washington Grove, Maryland, on MARC Train's Brunswick Line. The station serves a historic community near Washington, D.C. that was a summer retreat for many of its citizens during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but that recently have become year-round residences without destroying the outward appearance of the original structures in the community. Originally the rail connection provided the transportation to the community, which is designed only for pedestrian use along footpaths.
Station layout
The station is not compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, lacking raised platforms for level boarding.
References
External links
Washington Grove station official website
Brunswick Line
Former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad stations
Railway stations in Montgomery County, Maryland
MARC Train stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1873
1873 establishments in Maryland |
Mondli Abednego Chiliza is a South African politician who has been representing the African National Congress (ANC) in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature since 2019. He was formerly the Mayor of Ugu District Municipality from 2017 to 2019, and in April 2022 he was elected as Regional Chairperson of the ANC's Lower South Coast branch in KwaZulu-Natal.
Political career
Chiliza was Deputy Mayor of Ugu under Mayor Tolomane Mnyayiza, who died in December 2016; Chiliza was elected to succeed him on 29 March 2017. Later that year, he reportedly supported Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma's unsuccessful bid to be elected ANC President at the party's 54th National Conference.
He remained in the mayoral office until the 2019 general election, when he was elected to a seat in the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Legislature, ranked 31st on the ANC's provincial party list. He was succeeded as Mayor by Sizwe Ngcobo.
On 3 April 2022, at a party elective conference, Chiliza was elected Regional Chairperson of the ANC's Lower South Coast regional branch, beating Phumlile Mthiyane, the incumbent Mayor of Ugu, in a vote. He and his new deputy, Skhumbuzo "Zero" Mqadi, denied rumours that they were politically aligned to former ANC President Jacob Zuma and ANC presidential candidate Zweli Mkhize.
Personal life
Chiliza's 13-year-old daughter died in April 2022, the same week that he was elected ANC Regional Chairperson; she was reportedly struck by lightning.
References
External links
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
African National Congress politicians
21st-century South African politicians
Members of the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
Mayors of places in South Africa |
Ajay Kashyap is an Indian Bollywood film director. His directorial debut was (1985). He followed it by directing Mera Haque (1986), Naam O Nishan (1987), (1989) among others. Six of his films had Sanjay Dutt in starring roles. His last direction venture was The Coal Mafia (2012).
Filmography
(1985)
Mera Haque (1986)
Naam O Nishan (1987)
(1989)
Pathreela Raasta (1994)
The Coal Mafia (2012)
References
External links
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Hindi-language film directors
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The regions of Serbia include geographical and, to a lesser extent, traditional and historical areas. Geographical regions have no official status, though some of them serve as a basis for the second-level administrative divisions of Serbia, okrugs (districts of Serbia). Not being administratively defined, the boundaries of the regions are in many cases vague: they may overlap, and various geographers and publications may delineate them differently, not just in the sense of regions' extents, but also in the sense as to whether they form separate geographical entities or subsist as parts of other super-regions, etc.
For the most part, regions correspond to the valleys or to the watershed-areas of rivers and were simply named after them (some even a millennium ago), while mountain ridges and peaks often mark boundaries. In some cases, a defined region may refer only to the inhabited parts of the valleys (see župa).
Valleys and plains along the largest rivers are special cases. The Serbian language usually forms their names with the prefix po- (SavaPosavina, Danube (Dunav)Podunavlje, TisaPotisje, etc.). Considered geographical regions per se, they usually have very elongated shapes and cover large areas (Pomoravlje), sometimes spreading through several countries (Posavina, Potisje, Podrinje, etc.). For the most part they overlap with other, smaller regions established during history along their course, in most cases named after the tributaries of the main river (most notably, in the case of all three sections of Pomoravlje).
For the purpose of easier presentation in the tables, the territory of Serbia is roughly divisible into six geographical sections: northern, western, central, eastern, south-western and south. Thus the tables do not follow the political divisions. Kosovo declared independence in February 2008. Serbia and a number of UN member states have not recognised its independence, and the territory is disputed.
Northern Serbia
Western Serbia
Central Serbia
Eastern Serbia
South-Western Serbia
Southern Serbia
Kosovo
Sources
Atlas of Serbia (2006); Intersistem Kartofragija;
Jovan Đ. Marković (1990): Enciklopedijski geografski leksikon Jugoslavije; Svjetlost-Sarajevo;
Mala Prosvetina Enciklopedija, Third edition (1986), Vol.I; Prosveta;
Auto atlas Jugoslavija-Evropa, Eleventh edition (1979); Jugoslavenski leksikografski zavod
See also
Administrative divisions of Serbia
Geography of Serbia
References
Regions
Serbia, regions |
Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana (11 February 1908 – 17 July 1994) was an Indonesian author.
He was born in Natal, North Sumatra. His family came from Minangkabau who migrated there in the 19th century. He was a founder and editor of Poedjangga Baroe. He became one of Indonesian literature's guiding lights in its formative years, particularly in the time around independence. Sutan Takdir believed that Indonesia could learn from the values of western civilization and remained a great exponent of modernism throughout his life. A Renaissance man himself – the author of numerous books on a range of subjects – he was working on a novel at the time of his death in 1994. The famous novel, Layar Terkembang, showed him as a progressive author. He died in Jakarta on 17 July 1994.
Biography
Alisjahbana was born on 11 February 1908.
His first novel, Tak Putus Dirundung Malang (Misfortune without End) was published by Balai Pustaka in 1929.
STA
Together with Amir Hamzah and Armijn Pane, they founded and edited a journal that contained the best work of prewar writers, called Poedjangga Baroe (The New Writer), and the journal was first published in 1933. In 1953, he edited Konfrontasi (Confrontation) as a substitute for Poedjangga Baroe.
Under Japanese occupation, in 1943 he became a secretary of the Komisi Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian Language Commission). From 1946 to 1948, he was a professor of the Indonesian language at National University, Jakarta.
References
Bibliography
1908 births
1994 deaths
Indonesian writers
Indonesian philosophers
Indonesian male poets
Minangkabau people
20th-century Indonesian poets
Sutan Takdir
20th-century male writers |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
package org.ballerinalang.test.bala.globalvar;
import io.ballerina.runtime.api.values.BArray;
import io.ballerina.runtime.api.values.BMap;
import io.ballerina.runtime.api.values.BString;
import org.ballerinalang.test.BCompileUtil;
import org.ballerinalang.test.BRunUtil;
import org.ballerinalang.test.CompileResult;
import org.ballerinalang.test.utils.ByteArrayUtils;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
/**
* Global variable functions in BALA test.
*
* @since 0.975.0
*/
public class GlobalVarFunctionInBalaTest {
CompileResult compileResult;
@BeforeClass
public void setup() {
BCompileUtil.compileAndCacheBala("test-src/bala/test_projects/test_project");
compileResult = BCompileUtil.compile("test-src/bala/test_bala/globalvar/test_global_var_function.bal");
}
@Test(description = "Test Defining global variables")
public void testDefiningGlobalVar() {
Object[] args = new Object[0];
Object result = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "getGlobalVars", args);
BArray returns = (BArray) result;
Assert.assertEquals(returns.size(), 4);
Assert.assertTrue(returns.get(0) instanceof Long);
Assert.assertTrue(returns.get(1) instanceof BString);
Assert.assertTrue(returns.get(2) instanceof Double);
Assert.assertTrue(returns.get(3) instanceof Long);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(0), 800L);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(1).toString(), "value");
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(2), 99.34323);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(3), 88343L);
}
@Test(description = "Test access global variable within function")
public void testAccessGlobalVarWithinFunctions() {
Object returns = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "accessGlobalVar");
Assert.assertTrue(returns instanceof Long);
Assert.assertEquals(returns, 89143L);
}
@Test(description = "Test change global var within functions")
public void testChangeGlobalVarWithinFunction() {
Object[] args = {(88)};
Object returns = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "changeGlobalVar", args);
Assert.assertTrue(returns instanceof Double);
Assert.assertEquals(returns, 165.0);
CompileResult resultGlobalVar = BCompileUtil
.compile("test-src/statements/variabledef/global-var-function.bal");
Object returnsChanged = BRunUtil.invoke(resultGlobalVar, "getGlobalFloatVar");
Assert.assertTrue(returnsChanged instanceof Double);
Assert.assertEquals(returnsChanged, 80.0);
}
@Test(description = "Test assigning global variable to another global variable")
public void testAssignGlobalVarToAnotherGlobalVar() {
Object returns = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "getGlobalVarFloat1");
Assert.assertTrue(returns instanceof Double);
Assert.assertEquals(returns, 99.34323);
}
@Test(description = "Test assigning global var within a function")
public void testInitializingGlobalVarWithinFunction() {
Object result = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "initializeGlobalVarSeparately");
BArray returns = (BArray) result;
Assert.assertEquals(returns.size(), 2);
Assert.assertTrue(returns.get(0) instanceof BMap);
Assert.assertTrue(returns.get(1) instanceof Double);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(0).toString(), "{\"name\":\"James\",\"age\":30}");
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(1), 3432.3423);
}
@Test(description = "Test global variable byte")
public void testGlobalVarByte() {
Object returns = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "getGlobalVarByte");
Assert.assertTrue(returns instanceof Integer);
Assert.assertEquals(returns, 234);
}
@Test(description = "Test global variable byte array1")
public void testGlobalVarByteArray1() {
byte[] bytes1 = new byte[]{2, 3, 4, 67, 89};
Object returns = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "getGlobalVarByteArray1");
Assert.assertTrue(returns instanceof BArray);
BArray blob1 = (BArray) returns;
ByteArrayUtils.assertJBytesWithBBytes(bytes1, blob1.getBytes());
}
@Test(description = "Test global variable byte array2")
public void testGlobalVarByteArray2() {
String b1 = "afcd34abcdef+dfginermkmf123w/bc234cd/1a4bdfaaFGTdaKMN8923as=";
byte[] bytes1 = ByteArrayUtils.decodeBase64(b1);
Object returns = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "getGlobalVarByteArray2");
Assert.assertTrue(returns instanceof BArray);
BArray blob1 = (BArray) returns;
ByteArrayUtils.assertJBytesWithBBytes(bytes1, blob1.getBytes());
}
@Test(description = "Test global variable byte array3")
public void testGlobalVarByteArray3() {
String b1 = "afcd34abcdef123abc234bcd1a4bdfaaabadabcd892312df";
byte[] bytes1 = ByteArrayUtils.hexStringToByteArray(b1);
Object returns = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "getGlobalVarByteArray3");
Assert.assertTrue(returns instanceof BArray);
BArray blob1 = (BArray) returns;
ByteArrayUtils.assertJBytesWithBBytes(bytes1, blob1.getBytes());
}
@Test(description = "Test access global arrays within functions")
public void testGlobalArraysWithinFunction() {
Object result = BRunUtil.invoke(compileResult, "getGlobalArrays");
BArray returns = (BArray) result;
Assert.assertEquals(returns.size(), 7);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(0), 2L);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(1), 3L);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(2), 4L);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(3), 2L);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(4), 3L);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(5), 3L);
Assert.assertEquals(returns.get(6), 2L);
}
@AfterClass
public void tearDown() {
compileResult = null;
}
}
``` |
Siniša Kovačić (born 3 August 1977) is a former Croatian heavyweight kickboxer fighting out of Varaždin, Croatia.
Career
He started training martial arts with ten years, first karate, savate and later kickboxing, becoming Croatian champion in six disciplines: kickboxing, Muay Thai, Savate, full contact, boxing and K-1.
Titles
2012 WKF World Full Muay Thai Rules Super Lightweight Champion -62,3 kg
2011 WKN World Kickboxing Super Bantamweight Champion -58,5 kg
2011 WKF World K-1 Rules Super Lightweight Champion -62,3 kg
2010 WPKC World Kickboxing Champion -59 kg
2009 W.A.K.O. Pro Intercontinental Full-Contact Bantamweight Champion -56,4 kg
2008 W.A.K.O. Pro European Full-Contact Featherweight Champion -58,2 kg
2002 European Savate Champion -60 kg (Defeated Guennady Maksimov)
Mediterranean Savate Champion
24X Croatian Champion (Boxing, Kickboxing (Low-Kick, Full-Contact, K-1), Muay Thai, Savate)
Kickboxing record
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2012-12-22 || Win ||align=left| Janos Vass || Grand Fight - Simply the Best || Sračinec, Croatia || KO || 2 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2011-05-28 || Win ||align=left| Gerard Linder || Grand Fight || Varaždin, Croatia || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2011-04-30 || Win ||align=left| Jeton Zejna || Charity Fight Night || Kloten, Switzerland || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-06-19 || Win ||align=left| Tibor Tocsan || || Čakovec, Croatia || || ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2009-04-11 || Win ||align=left| Nikolay Ride || The Night of Pitt Bull 2 || Sračinec, Croatia || Technical decision (Unanimous) || 7 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 2008-12-27 || Loss ||align=left| Daniel Martins || Grand Fight || Varaždin, Croatia || Decision (Split) || 12 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 2008-07-26 || Loss ||align=left| Lorenzo Fiaola || Kickboxing Night || Rome, Italy || TKO (Injury) || 4 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2008-05-18 || Win ||align=left| Lorenzo Fiaola || || Varaždin, Croatia || || ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 2007-12 || Loss ||align=left| Rocco Cipriano || || Wohlen, Switzerland || Decision || 12 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2006-04-29 || Win ||align=left| Mate Bebić || Confrontation in the Ring IV || Split, Croatia || TKO || 3 ||
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
See also
List of WAKO Amateur World Championships
List of WAKO Amateur European Championships
List of male kickboxers
References
Living people
1985 births
Croatian male kickboxers
Croatian Muay Thai practitioners
Sportspeople from Varaždin |
Second Jen is a Canadian television sitcom that premiered on City on October 27, 2016. The series is produced by Don Ferguson Productions and stars Amanda Joy and Samantha Wan as Mo and Jen, two young East Asian Canadian women experiencing the ups and downs of being independent after moving out of their parents' homes for the first time. Joy and Wan are also co-creators and writers for the series.
Following its release in 2016, the series received mixed reviews. In 2018, Omni Television announced it had commissioned a second season. It premiered on August 4, 2018. On February 8, 2019, the second season was nominated for Best Comedy Series by the Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television. The third and final season premiered February 14, 2021.
Cast and characters
Amanda Joy as Jennifer 'Mo' Monteloyola
Samantha Wan as Jennifer 'Jen' Wu
Munro Chambers as Nate (Season 1)
Al Mukadam as Lewis (Season 1)
Janet Lo as Bunny
Atticus Mitchell as Garth (Season 1)
Nile Seguin as Alister
Lily Gao as Karen
Lovell Adams-Gray as Marcus (Season 2)
Oscar Moreno as Diego
Andrew Bushell as Riley (Season 3)
Isabel Kanaan as Scout (Season 3)
Episodes
Season 1 (2016)
Season 2
Season 3
Development
Show creators Amanda Joy and Samantha Wan met on the set of the 2014 film Devil's Mile. Tired of auditioning for the same stereotypical East Asian roles, they discussed creating their own work together.
Joy and Wan stated that their show was originally rejected at an unnamed Canadian pitch contest. It later went on to win Best Television Pitch at NexTV L.A. in 2013, before being picked up for development with Rogers. Joy wrote the original pilot script, with Wan directing alongside Joseph O'Brien. The original spec pilot screened at Toronto's Reelworld Film Festival in 2014, as well as Toronto's Asian Heritage Month.
Reception
Prior to the release of the show, Tony Wong of the Toronto Star published an article declaring Second Jen "groundbreaking" in its depiction of two female East Asian leads "as if we had already arrived in a post-racial world."
Brad Oswald of the Winnipeg Free Press praised Second Jen, calling it "Sharp, funny, slightly cheeky and smartly in tune with this country’s diverse demographic mix." Oswald wrote that "while it’s fair to say that attitude plays a bit part in this likable series’ early success, there are actually several elements that make Second Jen a must-see production." Oswald also praised the strength of the cast noting that Joy and Wan are particularly "likeable and relatable" in the lead roles of Jen and Mo.
Toronto Life's Will Sloan complimented the show's light-hearted tone. He noted that, while "not necessarily laugh out loud funny," Second Jen is a pleasant watch, with strong moments carried by "the likability of its goofy cast, and the familiar streets, bars and houses of its Little Italy setting." Sloan also praised Joy and Wan's performances, calling them breakout stars.
Brad Wheeler of The Globe and Mail hailed the show as "A Laverne & Shirley for the Digital Age" as it stars "two sparky second-generation Asian-Canadian millennial women coming of age in an era so economically challenging that Laverne and Shirley would be crying in their beers instead of merrily goofing off at the bottling plant."
In contrast, John Doyle, also of The Globe and Mail, panned the show, calling it "light, slight, silly and only occasionally outright funny [...] Second Jen is notable for having two female Asian lead characters but it is not notable, nor funny, as a comedy."
References
External links
Citytv original programming
2021 Canadian television series endings
Omni Television original programming
2016 Canadian television series debuts
2010s Canadian sitcoms
2020s Canadian sitcoms
English-language television shows |
Keep River National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 418 km southwest of Darwin and 468 km west of Katherine. The nearest town is Kununurra in Western Australia.
Environment
The park has a number of striking sandstone formations and there is an Indigenous Australian art site at the end of the walk along the floor of the Keep River Gorge. The park falls within the tribal area of the Mirriwung and Gadjerong people. Most of the land in the park also lies within the Keep River Important Bird Area, identified as such because of its importance for the conservation of the endangered Gouldian finch.
Access
Like most of the Top End parks, access can be restricted due to flooding in the wet season. The most comfortable period for visiting is between May and August when the temperature ranges from a maximum of 35 °C to a minimum of 10 °C.
See also
Protected areas of the Northern Territory
External links
Official fact sheet and map
Updated link for fact sheet
References
National parks of the Northern Territory
Protected areas established in 1991
1991 establishments in Australia
Important Bird Areas of the Northern Territory
Kimberley tropical savanna |
Segonzac () is a commune within the Charente department of southwestern France, in the Cognac area. It is the heart of the "Grande Champagne" grape-cultivating region of the cognaçais, which produces the finest cognac and Pineau des Charentes. There's also a large church and local fitness facilities such as a public swimming-pool, a track and a football pitch. The Château de Saint-Martial is situated nearby.
Population
See also
Communes of the Charente department
References
Communes of Charente
Charente communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
```ruby
class Canfigger < Formula
desc "Simple configuration file parser library"
homepage "path_to_url"
url "path_to_url"
sha256 your_sha256_hash
license "GPL-3.0-or-later"
head "path_to_url", branch: "trunk"
bottle do
sha256 cellar: :any, arm64_sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, arm64_ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, arm64_monterey: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any, monterey: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, x86_64_linux: your_sha256_hash
end
depends_on "meson" => :build
depends_on "ninja" => :build
def install
system "meson", "setup", "build", "-Dbuild_tests=false", "-Dbuild_examples=false", *std_meson_args
system "meson", "compile", "-C", "build", "--verbose"
system "meson", "install", "-C", "build"
end
test do
(testpath/"test.conf").write <<~EOS
Numbers = list, one , two, three, four, five, six, seven
EOS
(testpath/"test.c").write <<~EOS
#include <canfigger.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *file = "test.conf";
struct Canfigger *config = canfigger_parse_file(file, ',');
if (!config)
return -1;
while (config != NULL)
{
printf("Key: %s, Value: %s\\n", config->key,
config->value != NULL ? config->value : "NULL");
char *attr = NULL;
canfigger_free_current_attr_str_advance(config->attributes, &attr);
while (attr)
{
printf("Attribute: %s\\n", attr);
canfigger_free_current_attr_str_advance(config->attributes, &attr);
}
canfigger_free_current_key_node_advance(&config);
putchar('\\n');
}
return 0;
}
EOS
system ENV.cc, "test.c", "-L#{lib}", "-lcanfigger", "-o", "test"
assert_match <<~EOS, shell_output("./test")
Key: Numbers, Value: list
Attribute: one
Attribute: two
Attribute: three
Attribute: four
Attribute: five
Attribute: six
Attribute: seven
EOS
end
end
``` |
```yaml
lonlat:
- -80.6775013747971
- 27.13487858194975
parsers:
exchange: EIA.fetch_exchange
rotation: -62
``` |
Boverton () is a village located to the east of Llantwit Major in the Vale of Glamorgan in South Wales.
History
Boverton was founded during the reign of William the Conqueror in England. It is thought that he himself founded Boverton as a farming community beneath his mighty castle. However, Robert Fitzhamon is credited with founding the castle here, Boverton Place, during the 12th century. The castle was rebuilt around 1587 by Roger Seys, a land owner and attorney general of Wales. Boverton Place was an "impressive" fortified manor house of considerable size.
The Seys family, prominent in Glamorgan throughout the 17th century, moved out in the late 17th century and it fell into decay in the following century. Local legend states the castle is haunted by the Black Lady who was spotted by men working on the castle in the early 19th Century. She was described as a tall, shadowy figure dressed in mourning clothes.
Landmarks
In present-day Boverton there is a brook, several housing estates, a fish and chip shop, post office, hair salon, gentlemen's barbers, veterinary surgery and The Boverton Castle pub.
Notable people
Theophilus Redwood (1806–1892), pharmacist, after whom the Redwood Building in Cardiff University was named
Gallery
References
External links
Boverton Castle pub website
Villages in the Vale of Glamorgan
Llantwit Major |
Paul T. Stetsenko (born 1962 in Kyiv, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian-born organist, choral conductor, and composer of church music.
Stetsenko, the son of an architect and a painter, always wished that he could be an organist, growing up in Kyiv, Ukraine. He studied choral conducting at the Rheingold M. Glière Music College, and later piano at the Kyiv Conservatory, where he earned a master of music degree cum laude in 1989. In 1990 he moved to New York City to study organ and church music at The Juilliard School. After completing his master's degree in organ, Stetsenko then earned a Doctor of Musical Arts degree from The Juilliard School in 2000. His teachers include John B. Weaver (organ), Leonid Shulman (conducting), Olga Orlova (piano), and Liudmila Kasyanenko (piano).
In 2009–2011, Paul Stetsenko performed the complete organ works of J. S. Bach as part of Bach Vespers at Westminster, in Alexandria, VA.
References
Musicians from Kyiv
American classical organists
American male organists
Musicians from Alexandria, Virginia
Juilliard School alumni
Kyiv Conservatory alumni
1962 births
Living people
Ukrainian SSR emigrants to the United States
Classical musicians from Virginia
21st-century organists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American keyboardists
Male classical organists |
Communications in Theoretical Physics (CTP) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Chinese Physical Society along with the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences hosted by IOP Publishing. CTP reports on new theoretical developments in physics and its crossover with other interdisciplinary fields. The first volume was published in 1982 and it currently has an impact factor of 1.066 (2018). CTP is published monthly in English and it is currently edited by Zhu Bang-Fen of Tsinghua University.
External links
Communications in Theoretical Physics IOP Publishing website
Communications in Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences website
Physics journals
Chemistry journals
English-language journals
IOP Publishing academic journals
Academic journals established in 1982
Chinese Physical Society academic journals
Monthly journals |
Eupithecia lini is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.
The wingspan is about 29–30 mm. The forewings are pale ash grey and the hindwings are white.
References
Moths described in 2007
lini
Moths of Asia |
Montalto Di Castro Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy, located approximately 16 km southwest of Canino, in the province of Viterbo (northern Lazio) in the internal part of Maremma Laziale, 90 km north-northwest of Rome.
It was an all-weather temporary field built by the United States Army Air Force XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface, with a prefabricated hessian (burlap) surfacing known as PHS. PHS was made of an asphalt-impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track (SMT) grid of wire joined in 3-inch squares. Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas, as well as for dispersal sites, when it was available. In addition, tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.
Once completed it was turned over for use by the Twelfth Air Force 324th Fighter Group, 14 June and 19 July 1944, P-40 Warhawk
During the Invasion of Southern France (Operation Dragoon), the airfield may have been used by elements of the 314th Troop Carrier Group in mid-August 1944
After the Americans moved out the airfield was dismantled. Today, traces of the runway are visible in aerial photographs, but the landscape is predominantly agriculture which has erased the remainder of the airfield.
References
Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .
External links
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Airports established in 1944 |
Ray Harper is the name of:
Ray Harper (basketball) (born 1961), American basketball coach
Ray Harper (footballer) (1900–1935), Australian rules footballer
Ray Harper (rugby union) (c. 1928–2019), New Zealand rugby union administrator and manager |
"(I Just Want It) To Be Over" is a song by American singer Keyshia Cole. It was written by the singer along with Alicia Keys, Taniesha Smith, and Kerry "Krucial" Brothers for her debut album, The Way It Is (2005). Production on the song was helmed by the latter. Released on April 5, 2005 as the album's second single, "(I Just Want It) To Be Over" became a moderate success on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, peaking at number 30. It also reached number one on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.
Music video
A music video for "(I Just Want It) To Be Over" was directed by Benny Boom. It starts with Cole sitting on a bed, singing the first verse. She tries numerous times to escape the room she is locked in. She then breaks a mirror with a chair and steps through the mirror frame. The next scene shows broken glass on the floor. Cole is then seen wearing a sun dress. As she walks down a hall she sees a man and two women in the room; when she approaches the next room she spots a man and a woman arguing. Cole walks into a nightclub in a black tank top and mini skirt, and performs the song with a band. The video ends by showing a montage of the preceding events.
Track listings
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Way It Is.
Kerry "Krucial" Brothers – producer, writer
Keyshia Cole – writer
Ron Fair – additional vocal producer
Alicia Keys – vocal producer, writer
Dave Pensado – mixing engineer
Taniesha Smith – writer
Charts
References
2005 singles
Keyshia Cole songs
Music videos directed by Benny Boom
Songs written by Kerry Brothers Jr.
2005 songs
Songs written by Keyshia Cole
Songs written by Alicia Keys
A&M Records singles |
Penicillium neomiczynskii is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium.
References
neomiczynskii
Fungi described in 2011 |
TYM CORPORATION is a South Korean agricultural machinery manufacturing company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea with operations in more than 40 countries. The company began in 1951, founded in Busan, South Korea, as the Tong Yang Moolsan and was renamed "TYM" in 2020. TYM designs, produces, and sells tractors, combines, cultivators, rice transplanters and diesel engines.
History
In 1968 it merged with Korea Light Metal and commenced agricultural Machinery production. In 1973 Anyang Farm Machinery Factory established; company shares opened to the public. TYM's Research and Development Institute and Agricultural Machinery Training Institute were established in 1993.
TYM entered the US tractor market in 2004 and acquired Kukje (Branson) in 2016. Kukje Machinery and its Branson line would put TYM ahead of current number two LS Mtron among South Korean agricultural equipment players, and close to Daedong Co., the manufacturer of Kioti tractors and all-terrain utility vehicles.
Products
Tractors
Attachments
Cultivators
Rice transplanters
Combine harvesters
Engines
Brands
Branson
Kukje Machinery (KM)
TYM
References
Notes
External links
TYM History
Tractor manufacturers of South Korea
South Korean brands
Manufacturing companies based in Seoul
Manufacturing companies established in 1951
South Korean companies established in 1951 |
```smalltalk
// This file is part of Core WF which is licensed under the MIT license.
// See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
using System.Activities.Statements;
namespace Test.Common.TestObjects.Activities
{
public class TestRethrow : TestActivity
{
public TestRethrow()
{
this.ProductActivity = new Rethrow();
}
private Rethrow ProductRethrow
{
get { return (Rethrow)this.ProductActivity; }
}
}
}
``` |
Norman Sheffield (25 September 1939 – 20 June 2014) was a music and advertising industry figure, most noted for his music industry recording and management roles, ownership of the former Trident Studios, and being the original manager of the rock band Queen.
Early life
Sheffield was born in Enfield, the son of Walter Sheffield, a panel beater. He was educated at Albany Boys School.
Music life
Sheffield enjoyed moderate chart success as a drummer in the Hunters, as well as starring as the drummer with Cliff Richard in a television performance at the London Palladium in 1958. More recently, one of the Hunters' biggest hits, "Teen Scene", featured on the soundtrack to the 2009 film An Education.
Sheffield later started a record shop with his wife, in Waltham Cross, Hertfordshire, converting the upstairs into a recording studio which proved popular with local musicians wanting to record their own music. When the shop was sold while he searched for larger premises in London, much of the original equipment was purchased by Chris Blackwell, the future founder of Island Records.
Trident Studios
Sheffield went on to launch Trident Studios in 1968 with his brother Barry, turning a disused engraving works in St Anne's Court, in the Soho area of London, into one of the leading recording studios in the world. "My Name Is Jack" by Manfred Mann was recorded at Trident in March 1968, and helped launch the studio's reputation. Later that year, the Beatles recorded their song "Hey Jude" there and part of their self-titled double album (also known as the "White Album"). Other well-known albums and songs recorded at Trident include Elton John's "Candle in the Wind", David Bowie's "Life on Mars", "Changes" and The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust, and Queen's albums Queen, Queen II and Sheer Heart Attack.
From 1972 to 1975, Sheffield, under one of his companies within the Trident Group, was also the original manager of the British rock band Queen, as well as other acts. Trident invested heavily in the band while the name of the band provoked shock and proved difficult to promote, and therefore played a major role in breaking them into the mainstream by helping them obtain a contract with EMI Records.
The song "Death on Two Legs" was written by Freddie Mercury about the band's falling out with Sheffield. Though the song makes no direct reference to him, Sheffield sued both the band and the record label for defamation. This resulted in an out-of-court settlement, thus revealing to the public his connection with the song. Sheffield denied that he had mistreated the band in his capacity as manager, and cited the original 1972 management contracts between himself and Queen in his autobiography published in 2013, Life on Two Legs: Set The Record Straight, in his defence.
Shortly after Sheffield's death in June 2014, Brian May posted a tribute to him on his personal blog.
"Bohemian Rhapsody"
Even after the split with Queen, one of Sheffield's other companies, Trilion Video was contracted by the band in 1975 to produce the music video for Queen's song "Bohemian Rhapsody", which has been regarded as the first modern music video.
Life on Two Legs
In 2013, under a publishing deal with Amazon, Sheffield released his personal memoirs titled Life on Two Legs: Set The Record Straight, with his inside story of the beginnings and growth of Trident Studios, and its role in recording the music that made it famous worldwide. It also details how Queen were "discovered" and managed by him and Trident, and the lead-up to Freddie Mercury writing "Death on Two Legs (Dedicated to...)" (The "dedicated to..." being him) about the acrimonious split with Sheffield and Trident.
The press release and website promised exclusive photos and untold stories about the artists who recorded at Trident, as well as copies of the original Queen management contracts from 1972. The book has a foreword by Paul McCartney.
Other business
With the growth of electronic music and home studios in the 1980s, the music industry began to change and Sheffield sold the studio. He founded one of the first Apple Computer dealerships in the UK, importing early Apple computers from the United States in 1986, complete with step-down transformers which enabled the machines to operate on UK voltage. The company also opened specially designed offices, known as a bureaus, to allow Apple and PC computer users to scan, print and use the Apple computers on a per-hour basis.
Together with three of his sons founded the advertising agency Tableau, using his knowledge of the entertainment industry and experience from early desktop publishing. The agency was responsible for the early EasyJet airline advertising campaigns and their first online booking system, and held other notable advertising accounts and went on to gain awards within the industry for its work.
Prior to his death, Sheffield together with two of his sons and a former sound engineer from Trident Studios continued to work within the music industry and assisted in the development of a mobile music app named "Trackd" which allows musicians to record collaboratively directly on a mobile device using an 8-Track mixer and also allows the apps' musicians to promote their music to a worldwide using the app platform promoted through app stores. The App has been downloaded over a quarter of a million times to date and won awards for its innovation to music technology.
Death
Sheffield died during retirement in Cornwall on 20 June 2014 aged 74. He had suffered from throat cancer.
External links
Norman Sheffield : IMDB
References
1939 births
2014 deaths
Queen (band)
British music managers
Scottish expatriates in Australia |
Lexicon Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis Polonorum (Polish Słownik łaciny średniowiecznej w Polsce) is the most comprehensive dictionary of the Latin language as was used in Poland from the 10th to the middle of the 16th century. Administratively, the dictionary belongs to the Institute of the Polish Language, Cracow, which is incorporated in the Polish Academy of Sciences.
History
As with similar dictionaries in other European countries, the origins of the Lexicon Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis Polonorum date from a project launched through the Union Académique Internationale in 1920, which aimed to compile a great common dictionary of Medieval Latin based on excerpts from the different national sources. Since the initiative at that time was not fully possible to be accomplished and caused many technical problems, it eventually resulted in the establishment of a number of separate, national dictionaries after suggestions given by Dr Plezia. In Poland, preparatory work started immediately (under the auspices of the Polish Academy of Learning), and the majority of the excerpts were collected in the years 1924–1939. Subsequently, due to the outbreak of the Second World War, progress on the dictionary was impeded for some years.
The first fascicle was published only in 1953, under the direction of the late Prof. Marian Plezia (1917–1996), longstanding editor of the Lexicon until his retirement in 1988. Prof. Krystyna Weyssenhoff–Brozkowa (1934–2007) was appointed as his successor, and performed the function until 2005, when Michał Rzepiela was appointed editor. The editorial team numbers six persons.
List of fascicles
Since 1953, seventy fascicles have been published, making it seven volumes completed to date (A–Q) plus most of the eighth volume (as of 2011, R–Sto).
Vol. I (fascicles 1–8): A–Byssus
Vol. II (fascicles 1(9)–10(18)): Cabaciolum–Czweczko
Vol. III (fascicles 1(19)–10(28)): Dabilis–Exuvium
Vol. IV (fascicles 1(29)–6(34)): F–Hystrix
Vol. V (fascicles 1(35)–10(44)): I–Lyrista
Vol. VI (fascicles 1(45)–8(51)): M–Oxymel
Vol. VII (fascicles 1(52)–11(62): Pabulamen–Quout
Vol. VIII (fascicles 1(63)–9(71)): Rabalipton–Sto
Notes
See also
Marian Plezia
Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources
Medieval Latin
References
External sources
Official Website of the Lexicon
Polish Academy of Sciences
Institute of the Polish Language
Cultural history of Poland
Research projects
Latin dictionaries
20th-century Latin books
Medieval texts in Latin |
```c
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
* software and its documentation for any purpose and without
* fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
* notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
* notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
* documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used in
* advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
* software without specific, written prior permission.
* M.I.T. makes no representations about the suitability of
* this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
* without express or implied warranty.
*/
#include "ares_setup.h"
#ifdef HAVE_GETSERVBYPORT_R
# if !defined(GETSERVBYPORT_R_ARGS) || \
(GETSERVBYPORT_R_ARGS < 4) || (GETSERVBYPORT_R_ARGS > 6)
# error "you MUST specifiy a valid number of arguments for getservbyport_r"
# endif
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETINET_IN_H
# include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NETDB_H
# include <netdb.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_INET_H
# include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_NAMESER_H
# include <arpa/nameser.h>
#else
# include "nameser.h"
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ARPA_NAMESER_COMPAT_H
# include <arpa/nameser_compat.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_NET_IF_H
#include <net/if.h>
#endif
#include "ares.h"
#include "ares_ipv6.h"
#include "ares_nowarn.h"
#include "ares_private.h"
struct nameinfo_query {
ares_nameinfo_callback callback;
void *arg;
union {
struct sockaddr_in addr4;
struct sockaddr_in6 addr6;
} addr;
int family;
int flags;
int timeouts;
};
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
#define IPBUFSIZ \
(sizeof("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:255.255.255.255") + IF_NAMESIZE)
#else
#define IPBUFSIZ \
(sizeof("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:255.255.255.255"))
#endif
static void nameinfo_callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts,
struct hostent *host);
static char *lookup_service(unsigned short port, int flags,
char *buf, size_t buflen);
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
static void append_scopeid(struct sockaddr_in6 *addr6, unsigned int scopeid,
char *buf, size_t buflen);
#endif
STATIC_TESTABLE char *ares_striendstr(const char *s1, const char *s2);
void ares_getnameinfo(ares_channel channel, const struct sockaddr *sa,
ares_socklen_t salen,
int flags, ares_nameinfo_callback callback, void *arg)
{
struct sockaddr_in *addr = NULL;
struct sockaddr_in6 *addr6 = NULL;
struct nameinfo_query *niquery;
unsigned int port = 0;
/* Validate socket address family and length */
if ((sa->sa_family == AF_INET) &&
(salen == sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)))
{
addr = (struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
port = addr->sin_port;
}
else if ((sa->sa_family == AF_INET6) &&
(salen == sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)))
{
addr6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)sa;
port = addr6->sin6_port;
}
else
{
callback(arg, ARES_ENOTIMP, 0, NULL, NULL);
return;
}
/* If neither, assume they want a host */
if (!(flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPSERVICE) && !(flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPHOST))
flags |= ARES_NI_LOOKUPHOST;
/* All they want is a service, no need for DNS */
if ((flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPSERVICE) && !(flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPHOST))
{
char buf[33], *service;
service = lookup_service((unsigned short)(port & 0xffff),
flags, buf, sizeof(buf));
callback(arg, ARES_SUCCESS, 0, NULL, service);
return;
}
/* They want a host lookup */
if ((flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPHOST))
{
/* A numeric host can be handled without DNS */
if ((flags & ARES_NI_NUMERICHOST))
{
char ipbuf[IPBUFSIZ];
char srvbuf[33];
char *service = NULL;
ipbuf[0] = 0;
/* Specifying not to lookup a host, but then saying a host
* is required has to be illegal.
*/
if (flags & ARES_NI_NAMEREQD)
{
callback(arg, ARES_EBADFLAGS, 0, NULL, NULL);
return;
}
if (salen == sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6))
{
ares_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &addr6->sin6_addr, ipbuf, IPBUFSIZ);
/* If the system supports scope IDs, use it */
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
append_scopeid(addr6, flags, ipbuf, sizeof(ipbuf));
#endif
}
else
{
ares_inet_ntop(AF_INET, &addr->sin_addr, ipbuf, IPBUFSIZ);
}
/* They also want a service */
if (flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPSERVICE)
service = lookup_service((unsigned short)(port & 0xffff),
flags, srvbuf, sizeof(srvbuf));
callback(arg, ARES_SUCCESS, 0, ipbuf, service);
return;
}
/* This is where a DNS lookup becomes necessary */
else
{
niquery = ares_malloc(sizeof(struct nameinfo_query));
if (!niquery)
{
callback(arg, ARES_ENOMEM, 0, NULL, NULL);
return;
}
niquery->callback = callback;
niquery->arg = arg;
niquery->flags = flags;
niquery->timeouts = 0;
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET)
{
niquery->family = AF_INET;
memcpy(&niquery->addr.addr4, addr, sizeof(niquery->addr.addr4));
ares_gethostbyaddr(channel, &addr->sin_addr,
sizeof(struct in_addr), AF_INET,
nameinfo_callback, niquery);
}
else
{
niquery->family = AF_INET6;
memcpy(&niquery->addr.addr6, addr6, sizeof(niquery->addr.addr6));
ares_gethostbyaddr(channel, &addr6->sin6_addr,
sizeof(struct ares_in6_addr), AF_INET6,
nameinfo_callback, niquery);
}
}
}
}
static void nameinfo_callback(void *arg, int status, int timeouts,
struct hostent *host)
{
struct nameinfo_query *niquery = (struct nameinfo_query *) arg;
char srvbuf[33];
char *service = NULL;
niquery->timeouts += timeouts;
if (status == ARES_SUCCESS)
{
/* They want a service too */
if (niquery->flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPSERVICE)
{
if (niquery->family == AF_INET)
service = lookup_service(niquery->addr.addr4.sin_port,
niquery->flags, srvbuf, sizeof(srvbuf));
else
service = lookup_service(niquery->addr.addr6.sin6_port,
niquery->flags, srvbuf, sizeof(srvbuf));
}
/* NOFQDN means we have to strip off the domain name portion. We do
this by determining our own domain name, then searching the string
for this domain name and removing it.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_GETHOSTNAME
if (niquery->flags & ARES_NI_NOFQDN)
{
char buf[255];
char *domain;
gethostname(buf, 255);
if ((domain = strchr(buf, '.')) != NULL)
{
char *end = ares_striendstr(host->h_name, domain);
if (end)
*end = 0;
}
}
#endif
niquery->callback(niquery->arg, ARES_SUCCESS, niquery->timeouts,
(char *)(host->h_name),
service);
ares_free(niquery);
return;
}
/* We couldn't find the host, but it's OK, we can use the IP */
else if (status == ARES_ENOTFOUND && !(niquery->flags & ARES_NI_NAMEREQD))
{
char ipbuf[IPBUFSIZ];
if (niquery->family == AF_INET)
ares_inet_ntop(AF_INET, &niquery->addr.addr4.sin_addr, ipbuf,
IPBUFSIZ);
else
{
ares_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &niquery->addr.addr6.sin6_addr, ipbuf,
IPBUFSIZ);
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
append_scopeid(&niquery->addr.addr6, niquery->flags, ipbuf,
sizeof(ipbuf));
#endif
}
/* They want a service too */
if (niquery->flags & ARES_NI_LOOKUPSERVICE)
{
if (niquery->family == AF_INET)
service = lookup_service(niquery->addr.addr4.sin_port,
niquery->flags, srvbuf, sizeof(srvbuf));
else
service = lookup_service(niquery->addr.addr6.sin6_port,
niquery->flags, srvbuf, sizeof(srvbuf));
}
niquery->callback(niquery->arg, ARES_SUCCESS, niquery->timeouts, ipbuf,
service);
ares_free(niquery);
return;
}
niquery->callback(niquery->arg, status, niquery->timeouts, NULL, NULL);
ares_free(niquery);
}
static char *lookup_service(unsigned short port, int flags,
char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
const char *proto;
struct servent *sep;
#ifdef HAVE_GETSERVBYPORT_R
struct servent se;
#endif
char tmpbuf[4096];
char *name;
size_t name_len;
if (port)
{
if (flags & ARES_NI_NUMERICSERV)
sep = NULL;
else
{
if (flags & ARES_NI_UDP)
proto = "udp";
else if (flags & ARES_NI_SCTP)
proto = "sctp";
else if (flags & ARES_NI_DCCP)
proto = "dccp";
else
proto = "tcp";
#ifdef HAVE_GETSERVBYPORT_R
memset(&se, 0, sizeof(se));
sep = &se;
memset(tmpbuf, 0, sizeof(tmpbuf));
#if GETSERVBYPORT_R_ARGS == 6
if (getservbyport_r(port, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf,
sizeof(tmpbuf), &sep) != 0)
sep = NULL; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: buffer large so this never fails */
#elif GETSERVBYPORT_R_ARGS == 5
sep = getservbyport_r(port, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf,
sizeof(tmpbuf));
#elif GETSERVBYPORT_R_ARGS == 4
if (getservbyport_r(port, proto, &se, (void *)tmpbuf) != 0)
sep = NULL;
#else
/* Lets just hope the OS uses TLS! */
sep = getservbyport(port, proto);
#endif
#else
/* Lets just hope the OS uses TLS! */
#if (defined(NETWARE) && !defined(__NOVELL_LIBC__))
sep = getservbyport(port, (char*)proto);
#else
sep = getservbyport(port, proto);
#endif
#endif
}
if (sep && sep->s_name)
{
/* get service name */
name = sep->s_name;
}
else
{
/* get port as a string */
sprintf(tmpbuf, "%u", (unsigned int)ntohs(port));
name = tmpbuf;
}
name_len = strlen(name);
if (name_len < buflen)
/* return it if buffer big enough */
memcpy(buf, name, name_len + 1);
else
/* avoid reusing previous one */
buf[0] = '\0'; /* LCOV_EXCL_LINE: no real service names are too big */
return buf;
}
buf[0] = '\0';
return NULL;
}
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKADDR_IN6_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
static void append_scopeid(struct sockaddr_in6 *addr6, unsigned int flags,
char *buf, size_t buflen)
{
#ifdef HAVE_IF_INDEXTONAME
int is_ll, is_mcll;
#endif
char tmpbuf[IF_NAMESIZE + 2];
size_t bufl;
int is_scope_long = sizeof(addr6->sin6_scope_id) > sizeof(unsigned int);
tmpbuf[0] = '%';
#ifdef HAVE_IF_INDEXTONAME
is_ll = IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&addr6->sin6_addr);
is_mcll = IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_LINKLOCAL(&addr6->sin6_addr);
if ((flags & ARES_NI_NUMERICSCOPE) ||
(!is_ll && !is_mcll))
{
if (is_scope_long)
{
sprintf(&tmpbuf[1], "%lu", (unsigned long)addr6->sin6_scope_id);
}
else
{
sprintf(&tmpbuf[1], "%u", (unsigned int)addr6->sin6_scope_id);
}
}
else
{
if (if_indextoname(addr6->sin6_scope_id, &tmpbuf[1]) == NULL)
{
if (is_scope_long)
{
sprintf(&tmpbuf[1], "%lu", (unsigned long)addr6->sin6_scope_id);
}
else
{
sprintf(&tmpbuf[1], "%u", (unsigned int)addr6->sin6_scope_id);
}
}
}
#else
if (is_scope_long)
{
sprintf(&tmpbuf[1], "%lu", (unsigned long)addr6->sin6_scope_id);
}
else
{
sprintf(&tmpbuf[1], "%u", (unsigned int)addr6->sin6_scope_id);
}
(void) flags;
#endif
tmpbuf[IF_NAMESIZE + 1] = '\0';
bufl = strlen(buf);
if(bufl + strlen(tmpbuf) < buflen)
/* only append the scopeid string if it fits in the target buffer */
strcpy(&buf[bufl], tmpbuf);
}
#endif
/* Determines if s1 ends with the string in s2 (case-insensitive) */
STATIC_TESTABLE char *ares_striendstr(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
const char *c1, *c2, *c1_begin;
int lo1, lo2;
size_t s1_len = strlen(s1), s2_len = strlen(s2);
/* If the substr is longer than the full str, it can't match */
if (s2_len > s1_len)
return NULL;
/* Jump to the end of s1 minus the length of s2 */
c1_begin = s1+s1_len-s2_len;
c1 = (const char *)c1_begin;
c2 = s2;
while (c2 < s2+s2_len)
{
lo1 = TOLOWER(*c1);
lo2 = TOLOWER(*c2);
if (lo1 != lo2)
return NULL;
else
{
c1++;
c2++;
}
}
return (char *)c1_begin;
}
int ares__is_onion_domain(const char *name)
{
if (ares_striendstr(name, ".onion"))
return 1;
if (ares_striendstr(name, ".onion."))
return 1;
return 0;
}
``` |
The Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfRA) (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie) is located in Bonn, Germany. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (German: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft).
History
By combining the already existing radio astronomy faculty of the University of Bonn led by Otto Hachenberg with the new Max Planck institute the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy was formed. In 1972 the 100-m radio telescope in Effelsberg was opened. The institute building was enlarged in 1983 and 2002.
The southern wing of the whole complex is occupied by the Argelander Institute of Astronomy of the University of Bonn.
Structure
The Institute has three main research groups, each with its own Director
Departments
Fundamental Physics (Michael Kramer)
VLBI and Radio Astronomy (Anton Zensus)
Millimetre Astronomy (Karl Menten)
Independent Research Groups
Lise Meitner Group on Fast Radio Bursts as Astrophysical Tools (Laura Spitler)
Graduate Program
The International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics is a highly competitive-entry graduate program offering a Ph.D. The school is run in cooperation with the University of Bonn and University of Cologne.
External links
Homepage of the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Homepage of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics
References
Radio Astronomy
Astronomy institutes and departments
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Organisations based in Bonn |
HMS Virago was a Royal Navy wooden paddle sloop launched on 25 July 1842 from Chatham Dockyard.
She was sent to the Mediterranean Station arriving in November 1843 serving until 1847. Upon returning to England, she was placed into reserve.
In 1851 she was sent to the Pacific Station. Under the command of Commander Willam Stewart, she participated with the assistance of two Chilean ships: Indefatigable and Meteoro in the recapture of Punta Arenas in the Strait of Magellan, which had been subject to a mutiny.
She took part in the siege of Petropavlovsk during the Crimean War in August–September 1854. She also undertook survey work along the Canadian Pacific coast. She returned to England in 1855 and was part of the Channel Squadron and then West Indies Station. On 22 October 1861, Virago ran aground in the East Swin, in the Thames Esturary. Repairs cost £30. She was sent to the Australia Station, arriving in May 1867. She undertook survey work of the Great Barrier Reef, the Queensland coast, Norfolk Island and the coast of New Zealand. While in New Zealand she helped repair HMS Clio, which had run aground in the Bligh Sound.
Returning to England on 28 June 1871, upon arrival she was laid up at Sheerness. She was scrapped at Chatham Dockyard in 1876.
Citations
References
Bastock, John (1988), Ships on the Australia Station, Child & Associates Publishing Pty Ltd; Frenchs Forest, Australia.
External links
Ships built in Chatham
Ships of the Royal Navy
1842 ships
Crimean War naval ships of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in October 1861 |
Daventry was a railway station serving the town of Daventry in Northamptonshire, England. It was on the Weedon to Leamington Spa branch line. The station opened on 1 March 1888 when a branch from the main line at Weedon reached the town. This line was extended in 1895 to reach Leamington Spa.
The station was located to the east of the town centre, and was made mostly from wood. It was on a passing loop and had two platforms linked by a footbridge. The main station building was located on the down (westbound) platform, with a small waiting room on the up platform. Adjacent to the station were some goods sidings. The station was closed to passengers on 15 September 1958, however the line remained open for freight until 2 December 1963.
Nothing now remains of the station. It was demolished in January 1968, and the A425 Daventry bypass built over the site. However some of the former trackbed to the north of the station remains in use as a footpath and cycleway.
Long Buckby railway station is now the nearest station to Daventry, being about away.
Model
A scale model of Daventry station made by Roger Bagnall is exhibited at the Daventry town museum.
References
External links
Photographs of Daventry station - flickr.com
Daventry station on navigable 1954 O. S. map
Disused railway stations in Northamptonshire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1888
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1958
Former London and North Western Railway stations
Daventry
Buildings and structures demolished in 1968
Demolished buildings and structures in England |
STP is an American brand of automotive aftermarket products, especially lubricants such as motor oil and motor oil additives. The name began as an abbreviation of Scientifically Treated Petroleum. The brand has been owned by Energizer Holdings since November 2018.
History
Chemical Compounds was founded in 1953 by three businessmen, Charles Dwight (Doc) Liggett, Jim Hill and Robert De Hart, with $3,000 in start-up capital in Saint Joseph, Missouri. Their sole product was STP Oil Treatment; the name was derived from “Scientifically Treated Petroleum”. In 1961, the company was acquired by the Studebaker-Packard Corporation.
Studebaker briefly tied STP into its advertising as an abbreviation for “Studebaker Tested Products”. However, Studebaker-Packard CEO Sherwood Egbert felt that STP could one day outpace its parent company and recruited Andy Granatelli as the CEO of STP to help raise the product’s image. At the same time, Granatelli became the public face of STP, often wearing a white suit emblazoned with the red oval STP logo to races, distributing thousands of all-weather STP stickers. Granatelli ran two Novi specials at the 1964 Indianapolis 500. Jim Hurtubise and Bobby Unser were the drivers. There was a film made of the race centering on the Novis.
When Studebaker abandoned auto manufacturing in 1966 to become Studebaker-Worthington, STP sales continued to climb to the point where it was spun off into a publicly traded company in 1969. In 1976, it was acquired by Esmark which itself was purchased by Beatrice Foods in 1984. Beatrice sold STP to Union Carbide the next year. In 1986, Union Carbide's auto products, which included Prestone and Simoniz, were subject to a leveraged buyout. The resulting company, First Brands, was purchased by Clorox in 1998.
In the fall of 2006, STP fuel additives began being used in Marathon gasolines, likely to compete with Chevron's Techron additive.
In 2010, Clorox sold Armor All and STP to Avista Capital Partners. It named the business Armored AutoGroup. In April 2015, the Armored AutoGroup was acquired by Spectrum Brands. Energizer bought the Spectrum's auto care brands (including Armor All, A/C Pro and STP) for $1.25 billion in cash and stock.
Legal issues
In 1976, STP faced a consumer protection order that required it to have scientific backing for certain statements and prohibited making false claims. In 1978, it paid a $500,000 civil penalty over claims. In 1995, STP paid $888,000 to settle Federal Trade Commission charges of false advertising.
Oil treatment
STP Oil Treatment contains zinc dithiophosphate as an anti-wear additive.
Involvement in motor racing and sponsorships
In 1970, STP CEO Andy Granatelli founded the STP Formula One Team. Mario Andretti was hired to drive. The team competed in a total of five races running a March Engineering chassis, their best result being a third place at the 1970 Spanish Grand Prix. In 1972 Granatelli agreed to sponsor NASCAR champion Richard Petty, but their deal almost fell apart before their first race. Granatelli insisted the car be STP day-glo red. Petty held out for his iconic Petty blue, and neither would budge. The resulting two-tone red and blue scheme became more famous than either color alone.
STP sponsored Petty through the end of his driving career in 1992, then Bobby Hamilton, and John Andretti in Petty Enterprises' famous #43. That partnership ended shortly after its acquisition by Clorox. STP and the Petty family hold the second-longest relationship in automobile racing history (1972–2000) (Kenny Bernstein and his son Brandon were sponsored by Budweiser for two years longer (1979–2009)).
In August 2012, STP announced that it would be the title sponsor of the World of Outlaws Sprint Car Series in 2013.
On February 21, 2013, STP announced a return to NASCAR Sprint Cup Series sponsorship in a multi-year deal for the STP Gas Booster 500 starting April 7, 2013 at Martinsville Speedway along with a return as primary sponsor of the Richard Petty Motorsports No. 43 for the 2013 STP Gas Booster 500. STP also sponsored the Xfinity Series race STP 300 from 2011 to 2013 at Chicagoland Speedway.
References
External links
Oil companies of the United States
Automotive companies of the United States
Chemical companies of the United States
Companies based in Missouri
Energizer Holdings
American companies established in 1953
Energy companies established in 1953
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1953
Motor oils
Richard Petty
St. Joseph, Missouri |
```objective-c
#pragma once
#include <Parsers/ASTQueryWithTableAndOutput.h>
#include <Parsers/ASTQueryWithOnCluster.h>
namespace DB
{
/** UNDROP query
*/
class ASTUndropQuery : public ASTQueryWithTableAndOutput, public ASTQueryWithOnCluster
{
public:
/** Get the text that identifies this element. */
String getID(char) const override;
ASTPtr clone() const override;
ASTPtr getRewrittenASTWithoutOnCluster(const WithoutOnClusterASTRewriteParams & params) const override
{
return removeOnCluster<ASTUndropQuery>(clone(), params.default_database);
}
QueryKind getQueryKind() const override { return QueryKind::Undrop; }
protected:
void formatQueryImpl(const FormatSettings & settings, FormatState &, FormatStateStacked) const override;
};
}
``` |
General Clive may refer to:
Edward Clive (British Army general) (1837–1916), British Army general
Robert Clive (1725–1774), East India Company Bengal Army major general
Sidney Clive (1874–1959), British Army lieutenant general |
```php
<?php
$version = "9.14.0";
require_once('init.php');
if (session_id() == '') {
session_start();
}
if ($_SESSION['fm_key']) {
mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
mb_http_output('UTF-8');
mb_http_input('I');
mb_language('uni');
mb_regex_encoding('UTF-8');
ob_start('mb_output_handler');
date_default_timezone_set('Asia/Makassar');
//correct transliteration
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'en_US');
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| Optional security
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| if set to true only those will access RF whose url contains the access key(akey) like:
| <input type="button" href="../filemanager/dialog.php?field_id=imgField&lang=en_EN&akey=myPrivateKey" value="Files">
| in tinymce a new parameter added: filemanager_access_key:"myPrivateKey"
| example tinymce config:
|
| tiny init ...
| external_filemanager_path:"../filemanager/",
| filemanager_title:"Filemanager" ,
| filemanager_access_key:"myPrivateKey" ,
| ...
|
*/
define('USE_ACCESS_KEYS', true); // TRUE or FALSE
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| DON'T COPY THIS VARIABLES IN FOLDERS config.php FILES
|your_sha256_hash----------
*/
define('DEBUG_ERROR_MESSAGE', TRUE); // TRUE or FALSE
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| Path configuration
|your_sha256_hash----------
| In this configuration the folder tree is
| root
| |- source <- upload folder
| |- thumbs <- thumbnail folder [must have write permission (755)]
| |- filemanager
| |- js
| | |- tinymce
| | | |- plugins
| | | | |- responsivefilemanager
| | | | | |- plugin.min.js
*/
$folder_app = strtolower(substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], 0, strrpos($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], '/assets')));
$config = [
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| DON'T TOUCH (base url (only domain) of site).
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| without final / (DON'T TOUCH)
|
*/
'base_url' => ((isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] && !in_array(strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']), ['off', 'no'])) ? 'https' : 'http') . '://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . $folder_app . '/assets',
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| path from base_url to base of upload folder
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| with start and final /
|
*/
'upload_dir' => '/../desa/upload/media/',
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| relative path from filemanager folder to upload folder
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| with final /
|
*/
'current_path' => '../../desa/upload/media/',
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| relative path from filemanager folder to thumbs folder
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| with final /
| DO NOT put inside upload folder
|
*/
'thumbs_base_path' => '../../desa/upload/thumbs/',
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| path from base_url to base of thumbs folder
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| with final /
| DO NOT put inside upload folder
|
*/
'thumbs_upload_dir' => '/desa/upload/thumbs/',
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| mime file control to define files extensions
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| If you want to be forced to assign the extension starting from the mime type
|
*/
'mime_extension_rename' => true,
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| FTP configuration BETA VERSION
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| If you want enable ftp use write these parametres otherwise leave empty
| Remember to set base_url properly to point in the ftp server domain and
| upload dir will be ftp_base_folder + upload_dir so without final /
|
*/
//put the FTP host
'ftp_host' => false,
'ftp_user' => "user",
'ftp_pass' => "pass",
'ftp_base_folder' => "base_folder",
'ftp_base_url' => "path_to_url to ftp root",
// Directory where place files before to send to FTP with final /
'ftp_temp_folder' => "../temp/",
/*
|your_sha256_hash-----------
| path from ftp_base_folder to base of thumbs folder with start and final /
|your_sha256_hash-----------
*/
'ftp_thumbs_dir' => '/thumbs/',
'ftp_ssl' => false,
'ftp_port' => 21,
/* EXAMPLE
'ftp_host' => "host.com",
'ftp_user' => "test@host.com",
'ftp_pass' => "pass.1",
'ftp_base_folder' => "",
'ftp_base_url' => "path_to_url",
*/
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| Multiple files selection
|your_sha256_hash----------
| The user can delete multiple files, select all files , deselect all files
*/
'multiple_selection' => true,
/*
|
| The user can have a select button that pass a json to external input or pass the first file selected to editor
| If you use responsivefilemanager tinymce extension can copy into editor multiple object like images, videos, audios, links in the same time
|
*/
'multiple_selection_action_button' => true,
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| Access keys
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| add access keys eg: array('myPrivateKey', 'someoneElseKey');
| keys should only containt (a-z A-Z 0-9 \ . _ -) characters
| if you are integrating lets say to a cms for admins, i recommend making keys randomized something like this:
| $username = 'Admin';
| $salt = 'dsflFWR9u2xQa' (a hard coded string)
| $akey = md5($username.$salt);
| DO NOT use 'key' as access key!
| Keys are CASE SENSITIVE!
|
*/
'access_keys' => [$_SESSION['fm_key']],
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------------
// YOU CAN COPY AND CHANGE THESE VARIABLES INTO FOLDERS config.php FILES TO CUSTOMIZE EACH FOLDER OPTIONS
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------------
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| Maximum size of all files in source folder
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| in Megabytes
|
*/
'MaxSizeTotal' => false,
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| Maximum upload size
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| in Megabytes
|
*/
'MaxSizeUpload' => 8,
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| File and Folder permission
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
*/
'filePermission' => 0755,
'folderPermission' => 0777,
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| default language file name
|your_sha256_hash----------
*/
'default_language' => "en_EN",
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| Icon theme
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| Default available: ico and ico_dark
| Can be set to custom icon inside filemanager/img
|
*/
'icon_theme' => "ico",
//Show or not total size in filemanager (is possible to greatly increase the calculations)
'show_total_size' => false,
//Show or not show folder size in list view feature in filemanager (is possible, if there is a large folder, to greatly increase the calculations)
'show_folder_size' => false,
//Show or not show sorting feature in filemanager
'show_sorting_bar' => true,
//Show or not show filters button in filemanager
'show_filter_buttons' => true,
//Show or not language selection feature in filemanager
'show_language_selection' => true,
//active or deactive the transliteration (mean convert all strange characters in A..Za..z0..9 characters)
'transliteration' => false,
//convert all spaces on files name and folders name with $replace_with variable
'convert_spaces' => true,
//convert all spaces on files name and folders name this value
'replace_with' => "_",
//convert to lowercase the files and folders name
'lower_case' => false,
//Add ?484899493349 (time value) to returned images to prevent cache
'add_time_to_img' => false,
//*******************************************
//Images limit and resizing configuration
//*******************************************
// set maximum pixel width and/or maximum pixel height for all images
// If you set a maximum width or height, oversized images are converted to those limits. Images smaller than the limit(s) are unaffected
// if you don't need a limit set both to 0
'image_max_width' => 0,
'image_max_height' => 0,
'image_max_mode' => 'auto',
/*
# $option: 0 / exact = defined size;
# 1 / portrait = keep aspect set height;
# 2 / landscape = keep aspect set width;
# 3 / auto = auto;
# 4 / crop= resize and crop;
*/
//Automatic resizing //
// If you set $image_resizing to TRUE the script converts all uploaded images exactly to image_resizing_width x image_resizing_height dimension
// If you set width or height to 0 the script automatically calculates the other dimension
// Is possible that if you upload very big images the script not work to overcome this increase the php configuration of memory and time limit
'image_resizing' => false,
'image_resizing_width' => 0,
'image_resizing_height' => 0,
'image_resizing_mode' => 'auto',
// same as $image_max_mode
'image_resizing_override' => false,
// If set to TRUE then you can specify bigger images than $image_max_width & height otherwise if image_resizing is
// bigger than $image_max_width or height then it will be converted to those values
//******************
//
// WATERMARK IMAGE
//
//Watermark path or false
'image_watermark' => false,
//"../watermark.png",
# Could be a pre-determined position such as:
# tl = top left,
# t = top (middle),
# tr = top right,
# l = left,
# m = middle,
# r = right,
# bl = bottom left,
# b = bottom (middle),
# br = bottom right
# Or, it could be a co-ordinate position such as: 50x100
'image_watermark_position' => 'br',
# padding: If using a pre-determined position you can
# adjust the padding from the edges by passing an amount
# in pixels. If using co-ordinates, this value is ignored.
'image_watermark_padding' => 10,
//******************
// Default layout setting
//
// 0 => boxes
// 1 => detailed list (1 column)
// 2 => columns list (multiple columns depending on the width of the page)
// YOU CAN ALSO PASS THIS PARAMETERS USING SESSION VAR => $_SESSION['RF']["VIEW"]=
//
//******************
'default_view' => 0,
//set if the filename is truncated when overflow first row
'ellipsis_title_after_first_row' => true,
//*************************
//Permissions configuration
//******************
'delete_files' => $_SESSION['hapus_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'create_folders' => $_SESSION['ubah_tambah_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'delete_folders' => $_SESSION['hapus_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'upload_files' => $_SESSION['ubah_tambah_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'rename_files' => $_SESSION['ubah_tambah_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'rename_folders' => $_SESSION['ubah_tambah_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'duplicate_files' => $_SESSION['ubah_tambah_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'extract_files' => $_SESSION['ubah_tambah_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
'copy_cut_files' => $_SESSION['hapus_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
// for copy/cut files
'copy_cut_dirs' => $_SESSION['hapus_gambar_rfm'] ?? false,
// for copy/cut directories
'chmod_files' => false,
// change file permissions
'chmod_dirs' => false,
// change folder permissions
'preview_text_files' => false,
// eg.: txt, log etc.
'edit_text_files' => false,
// eg.: txt, log etc.
'create_text_files' => false,
// only create files with exts. defined in $config['editable_text_file_exts']
'download_files' => true,
// allow download files or just preview
// you can preview these type of files if $preview_text_files is true
'previewable_text_file_exts' => ["bsh", "c", "css", "cc", "cpp", "cs", "csh", "cyc", "cv", "htm", "html", "java", "js", "m", "mxml", "perl", "pl", "pm", "py", "rb", "sh", "xhtml", "xml", "xsl", 'txt', 'log', ''],
// you can edit these type of files if $edit_text_files is true (only text based files)
// you can create these type of files if $config['create_text_files'] is true (only text based files)
// if you want you can add html,css etc.
// but for security reasons it's NOT RECOMMENDED!
'editable_text_file_exts' => ['txt', 'log', 'xml', 'html', 'css', 'htm', 'js', ''],
'jplayer_exts' => ["mp4", "flv", "webmv", "webma", "webm", "m4a", "m4v", "ogv", "oga", "mp3", "midi", "mid", "ogg", "wav"],
'cad_exts' => ['dwg', 'dxf', 'hpgl', 'plt', 'spl', 'step', 'stp', 'iges', 'igs', 'sat', 'cgm', 'svg'],
// Preview with Google Documents
'googledoc_enabled' => true,
'googledoc_file_exts' => ['doc', 'docx', 'xls', 'xlsx', 'ppt', 'pptx', 'pdf', 'odt', 'odp', 'ods'],
// defines size limit for paste in MB / operation
// set 'FALSE' for no limit
'copy_cut_max_size' => 100,
// defines file count limit for paste / operation
// set 'FALSE' for no limit
'copy_cut_max_count' => 200,
//IF any of these limits reached, operation won't start and generate warning
//**********************
//Allowed extensions (lowercase insert)
//**********************
'ext_img' => ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'gif', 'bmp', 'svg', 'ico'],
//Images
'ext_file' => [],
// 'ext_file' => array( 'doc', 'docx', 'rtf', 'pdf', 'xls', 'xlsx', 'txt', 'csv', 'html', 'xhtml', 'psd', 'sql', 'log', 'fla', 'xml', 'ade', 'adp', 'mdb', 'accdb', 'ppt', 'pptx', 'odt', 'ots', 'ott', 'odb', 'odg', 'otp', 'otg', 'odf', 'ods', 'odp', 'css', 'ai', 'kmz','dwg', 'dxf', 'hpgl', 'plt', 'spl', 'step', 'stp', 'iges', 'igs', 'sat', 'cgm', 'tiff',''), //Files
'ext_video' => ['mov', 'mpeg', 'm4v', 'mp4', 'avi', 'mpg', 'wma', "flv", "webm"],
//Video
'ext_music' => ['mp3', 'mpga', 'm4a', 'ac3', 'aiff', 'mid', 'ogg', 'wav'],
//Audio
'ext_misc' => ['zip', 'rar', 'gz', 'tar', 'iso', 'dmg'],
//Archives
//*********************
// If you insert an extensions blacklist array the filemanager don't check any extensions but simply block the extensions in the list
// otherwise check Allowed extensions configuration
//*********************
'ext_blacklist' => false,
//['exe','bat','jpg'],
//Empty filename permits like .htaccess, .env, ...
'empty_filename' => false,
/*
|your_sha256_hash----------
| accept files without extension
|your_sha256_hash----------
|
| If you want to accept files without extension, remember to add '' extension on allowed extension
|
*/
'files_without_extension' => false,
/******************
* TUI Image Editor config
*******************/
// Add or modify the options below as needed - they will be json encoded when added to the configuration so arrays can be utilized as needed
'tui_active' => true,
'tui_position' => 'bottom',
// 'common.bi.image' => "../assets/images/logo.png",
// 'common.bisize.width' => '70px',
// 'common.bisize.height' => '25px',
'common.backgroundImage' => 'none',
'common.backgroundColor' => '#ececec',
'common.border' => '1px solid #E6E7E8',
// header
'header.backgroundImage' => 'none',
'header.backgroundColor' => '#ececec',
'header.border' => '0px',
// main icons
'menu.normalIcon.path' => 'svg/icon-d.svg',
'menu.normalIcon.name' => 'icon-d',
'menu.activeIcon.path' => 'svg/icon-b.svg',
'menu.activeIcon.name' => 'icon-b',
'menu.disabledIcon.path' => 'svg/icon-a.svg',
'menu.disabledIcon.name' => 'icon-a',
'menu.hoverIcon.path' => 'svg/icon-c.svg',
'menu.hoverIcon.name' => 'icon-c',
'menu.iconSize.width' => '24px',
'menu.iconSize.height' => '24px',
// submenu primary color
'submenu.backgroundColor' => '#ececec',
'submenu.partition.color' => '#000000',
// submenu icons
'submenu.normalIcon.path' => 'svg/icon-d.svg',
'submenu.normalIcon.name' => 'icon-d',
'submenu.activeIcon.path' => 'svg/icon-b.svg',
'submenu.activeIcon.name' => 'icon-b',
'submenu.iconSize.width' => '32px',
'submenu.iconSize.height' => '32px',
// submenu labels
'submenu.normalLabel.color' => '#000',
'submenu.normalLabel.fontWeight' => 'normal',
'submenu.activeLabel.color' => '#000',
'submenu.activeLabel.fontWeight' => 'normal',
// checkbox style
'checkbox.border' => '1px solid #E6E7E8',
'checkbox.backgroundColor' => '#000',
// rango style
'range.pointer.color' => '#333',
'range.bar.color' => '#ccc',
'range.subbar.color' => '#606060',
'range.disabledPointer.color' => '#d3d3d3',
'range.disabledBar.color' => 'rgba(85,85,85,0.06)',
'range.disabledSubbar.color' => 'rgba(51,51,51,0.2)',
'range.value.color' => '#000',
'range.value.fontWeight' => 'normal',
'range.value.fontSize' => '11px',
'range.value.border' => '0',
'range.value.backgroundColor' => '#f5f5f5',
'range.title.color' => '#000',
'range.title.fontWeight' => 'lighter',
// colorpicker style
'colorpicker.button.border' => '0px',
'colorpicker.title.color' => '#000',
//The filter and sorter are managed through both javascript and php scripts because if you have a lot of
//file in a folder the javascript script can't sort all or filter all, so the filemanager switch to php script.
//The plugin automatic swich javascript to php when the current folder exceeds the below limit of files number
'file_number_limit_js' => 500,
//**********************
// Hidden files and folders
//**********************
// set the names of any folders you want hidden (eg "hidden_folder1", "hidden_folder2" ) Remember all folders with these names will be hidden (you can set any exceptions in config.php files on folders)
'hidden_folders' => [],
// set the names of any files you want hidden. Remember these names will be hidden in all folders (eg "this_document.pdf", "that_image.jpg" )
'hidden_files' => ['config.php'],
/*******************
* URL upload
*******************/
'url_upload' => false,
//************************************
//Thumbnail for external use creation
//************************************
// New image resized creation with fixed path from filemanager folder after uploading (thumbnails in fixed mode)
// If you want create images resized out of upload folder for use with external script you can choose this method,
// You can create also more than one image at a time just simply add a value in the array
// Remember than the image creation respect the folder hierarchy so if you are inside source/test/test1/ the new image will create at
// path_from_filemanager/test/test1/
// PS if there isn't write permission in your destination folder you must set it
//
'fixed_image_creation' => false,
//activate or not the creation of one or more image resized with fixed path from filemanager folder
'fixed_path_from_filemanager' => ['../test/', '../test1/'],
//fixed path of the image folder from the current position on upload folder
'fixed_image_creation_name_to_prepend' => ['', 'test_'],
//name to prepend on filename
'fixed_image_creation_to_append' => ['_test', ''],
//name to appendon filename
'fixed_image_creation_width' => [300, 400],
//width of image
'fixed_image_creation_height' => [200, 300],
//height of image
/*
# $option: 0 / exact = defined size;
# 1 / portrait = keep aspect set height;
# 2 / landscape = keep aspect set width;
# 3 / auto = auto;
# 4 / crop= resize and crop;
*/
'fixed_image_creation_option' => ['crop', 'auto'],
//set the type of the crop
// New image resized creation with relative path inside to upload folder after uploading (thumbnails in relative mode)
// With Responsive filemanager you can create automatically resized image inside the upload folder, also more than one at a time
// just simply add a value in the array
// The image creation path is always relative so if i'm inside source/test/test1 and I upload an image, the path start from here
//
'relative_image_creation' => false,
//activate or not the creation of one or more image resized with relative path from upload folder
'relative_path_from_current_pos' => ['./', './'],
//relative path of the image folder from the current position on upload folder
'relative_image_creation_name_to_prepend' => ['', ''],
//name to prepend on filename
'relative_image_creation_name_to_append' => ['_thumb', '_thumb1'],
//name to append on filename
'relative_image_creation_width' => [300, 400],
//width of image
'relative_image_creation_height' => [200, 300],
//height of image
/*
* $option: 0 / exact = defined size;
* 1 / portrait = keep aspect set height;
* 2 / landscape = keep aspect set width;
* 3 / auto = auto;
* 4 / crop= resize and crop;
*/
'relative_image_creation_option' => ['crop', 'crop'],
//set the type of the crop
// Remember text filter after close filemanager for future session
'remember_text_filter' => false,
];
return array_merge(
$config,
['ext' => array_merge(
$config['ext_img'],
$config['ext_file'],
$config['ext_misc'],
$config['ext_video'],
$config['ext_music']
), 'tui_defaults_config' => [
//'common.bi.image' => $config['common.bi.image'],
//'common.bisize.width' => $config['common.bisize.width'],
//'common.bisize.height' => $config['common.bisize.height'],
'common.backgroundImage' => $config['common.backgroundImage'],
'common.backgroundColor' => $config['common.backgroundColor'],
'common.border' => $config['common.border'],
'header.backgroundImage' => $config['header.backgroundImage'],
'header.backgroundColor' => $config['header.backgroundColor'],
'header.border' => $config['header.border'],
'menu.normalIcon.path' => $config['menu.normalIcon.path'],
'menu.normalIcon.name' => $config['menu.normalIcon.name'],
'menu.activeIcon.path' => $config['menu.activeIcon.path'],
'menu.activeIcon.name' => $config['menu.activeIcon.name'],
'menu.disabledIcon.path' => $config['menu.disabledIcon.path'],
'menu.disabledIcon.name' => $config['menu.disabledIcon.name'],
'menu.hoverIcon.path' => $config['menu.hoverIcon.path'],
'menu.hoverIcon.name' => $config['menu.hoverIcon.name'],
'menu.iconSize.width' => $config['menu.iconSize.width'],
'menu.iconSize.height' => $config['menu.iconSize.height'],
'submenu.backgroundColor' => $config['submenu.backgroundColor'],
'submenu.partition.color' => $config['submenu.partition.color'],
'submenu.normalIcon.path' => $config['submenu.normalIcon.path'],
'submenu.normalIcon.name' => $config['submenu.normalIcon.name'],
'submenu.activeIcon.path' => $config['submenu.activeIcon.path'],
'submenu.activeIcon.name' => $config['submenu.activeIcon.name'],
'submenu.iconSize.width' => $config['submenu.iconSize.width'],
'submenu.iconSize.height' => $config['submenu.iconSize.height'],
'submenu.normalLabel.color' => $config['submenu.normalLabel.color'],
'submenu.normalLabel.fontWeight' => $config['submenu.normalLabel.fontWeight'],
'submenu.activeLabel.color' => $config['submenu.activeLabel.color'],
//'submenu.activeLabel.fontWeight' => $config['submenu.activeLabel.fontWeightcommon.bi.image'],
'checkbox.border' => $config['checkbox.border'],
'checkbox.backgroundColor' => $config['checkbox.backgroundColor'],
'range.pointer.color' => $config['range.pointer.color'],
'range.bar.color' => $config['range.bar.color'],
'range.subbar.color' => $config['range.subbar.color'],
'range.disabledPointer.color' => $config['range.disabledPointer.color'],
'range.disabledBar.color' => $config['range.disabledBar.color'],
'range.disabledSubbar.color' => $config['range.disabledSubbar.color'],
'range.value.color' => $config['range.value.color'],
'range.value.fontWeight' => $config['range.value.fontWeight'],
'range.value.fontSize' => $config['range.value.fontSize'],
'range.value.border' => $config['range.value.border'],
'range.value.backgroundColor' => $config['range.value.backgroundColor'],
'range.title.color' => $config['range.title.color'],
'range.title.fontWeight' => $config['range.title.fontWeight'],
'colorpicker.button.border' => $config['colorpicker.button.border'],
'colorpicker.title.color' => $config['colorpicker.title.color'],
]]
);
}
echo "Access denied";
exit;
``` |
Woodridge is a town in North Dakota.
John Travers Wood immigrated here as a boy in 1901.
References
Populated places in North Dakota |
Polly Billington (born 1967) is a former BBC journalist who worked on the Today programme before becoming a special advisor to Ed Miliband. She was the media director for his successful bid in the 2010 Labour leadership election. Billington is the Labour Party's parliamentary candidate for South Thanet and previously was the candidate for Thurrock at the 2015 general election and a Labour Party official. She is a Strategic Adviser to UK100, and councillor for De Beauvoir ward in the London Borough of Hackney.
Education and journalism career
Billington went to the Ursuline High School in Wimbledon and Sussex University before taking a postgraduate diploma in Broadcast Journalism at the department of Journalism, Media and Communication, University of Central Lancashire in 1993.
Billington was a BBC reporter for the Today programme, Newsbeat on Radio 1, News 24 and the Politics Show.
Labour Party official and candidate
She became a special adviser to Ed Miliband in 2007 when he was working on party policy and election strategy in the Cabinet Office and according to The Daily Telegraph she was the 59th most influential person on the UK left in 2011.
Billington sought to become a parliamentary candidate in February 2010, when she was shortlisted for the safe Labour seat of North Tyneside. She was the media director for Ed Miliband's successful Labour leadership bid. Some credited her with honing his questions and replies to David Cameron at Prime Minister's Questions.
In November 2011, Billington launched another bid to be selected as a Labour MP, this time in Thurrock. This time she gained the nomination for a marginal seat. She was one of 15 Labour candidates each given financial support of £10,000 by Lord Matthew Oakeshott the former Liberal Democrat in January 2015. However, she failed to win the close 3-way contest in Thurrock and came second.
She was one of two Labour Party councillors elected to De Beauvoir ward in the 2018 Hackney London Borough Council election, with 1,448 votes. She was reelected in 2022, with 1,400 votes.
Among other roles, Billington has served as an Executive Member of SERA, Labour's Environment Campaign
On 24 February 2023 she was selected by local party members as the parliamentary candidate for East Thanet at the next general election.
Founder of UK100
Billington is a Strategic Adviser to UK100, the only network for UK locally elected leaders who have pledged to play their part in the global effort to avoid the worst impacts of climate change by switching to 100% clean energy by 2050. The most ambitious - UK100's Net Zero Local Leadership Club - are doing everything within their power to get their communities to Net Zero as soon as possible, and by 2045 at the latest. She liaises with local leaders and directly elected mayors and develops and maintains strong relationships with extensive contacts across the political and nonprofit spectrum.
She established UK100 in 2016 and served as the CEO until February 2023 when she was selected as Labour's parliamentary candidate for South Thanet.
References
1967 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Central Lancashire
BBC newsreaders and journalists
British special advisers
Labour Party (UK) officials
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Labour Party (UK) councillors
Councillors in the London Borough of Hackney
Women councillors in England |
KDKO 89.5 FM is a Community radio station, owned and operated by the Native American Community Board, Inc. Licensed to Lake Andes, South Dakota, the station serves the Yankton Indian Reservation.
See also
List of community radio stations in the United States
References
External links
KDKO's webpage
The Native American Community Board's website
Community radio stations in the United States
Native American radio
DKO
Dakota culture
Yankton Dakota
Radio stations established in 2009 |
Bilaspur is a village in Umaria district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Bilaspur is covered under Anuppur Assembly constituency at state level and Shahdol parliamentary constituency at national level.
Bilaspur village is a gram panchayat as per the 2011 Census of India. The village has 250 houses with a population of 1,118 members consisting of 561 males and 557 females. Male literacy is 57.4% and female literacy is 40.04% making an average of 48.75%. Bilaspur is headed by a sarpanch who is elected through local elections.
Geography
Bilaspur is in Umaria District and is . It is about north of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.
Economy
Bilaspur is dependent on the nearest town Anuppur located away for major economic activities.
Transportation
Bilaspur is well connected by public and private buses from nearest towns and the nearest railway station is away.
See also
Dindori
References
External links
Official Website
Villages in Umaria district |
```html
<!--
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<div class="tb-widget-button-custom-style">
<div class="tb-widget-button-preview-panel tb-primary-fill">
<tb-widget-button
[appearance]="previewAppearance"
[borderRadius]="borderRadius"
[autoScale]="autoScale"
disableEvents
[hovered]="state === widgetButtonState.hovered"
[pressed]="state === widgetButtonState.pressed"
[activated]="state === widgetButtonState.activated"
[disabled]="state === widgetButtonState.disabled">
</tb-widget-button>
<button *ngIf="modelValue"
mat-icon-button
[matTooltip]="'widgets.button.clear-style' | translate"
matTooltipPosition="above"
class="tb-mat-32"
(click)="clearStyle()">
<tb-icon>mdi:broom</tb-icon>
</button>
</div>
<button mat-icon-button
class="tb-mat-32"
#matIconButton
(click)="openButtonCustomStylePopup($event, matIconButton)">
<mat-icon>edit</mat-icon>
</button>
</div>
``` |
Aesop's Fables are a collection of fables credited to Aesop, a slave and story-teller believed to have lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 560 BCE.
Aesop's Fables may also refer to:
Aesop's Fables (film series), a series of animated short subjects
Aesop's Fables (album), 1965 comedy album by the Smothers Brothers
Aesop's Fables (Pinkney book), a 2000 children's picture book by Jerry Pinkney |
"Call My Name" is a song by Prince, from his 2004 album Musicology. The song won Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance at the 47th Annual Grammy Awards in 2005.
Although it was not officially released as a single, it peaked at number 75 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 27 on the R&B chart. A music video for the song was filmed as well.
Charts
References
Prince (musician) songs
Songs written by Prince (musician)
2004 songs
Music videos directed by Sanaa Hamri
NPG Records singles
Song recordings produced by Prince (musician)
Contemporary R&B ballads |
Millmont is an unincorporated community in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is southeast of Hartleton. Millmont has a post office with ZIP code 17845.
References
Unincorporated communities in Union County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania |
```php
<?php
namespace Psalm\Type\Atomic;
use Psalm\Codebase;
use Psalm\Internal\Analyzer\StatementsAnalyzer;
use Psalm\Internal\Type\TemplateResult;
use Psalm\Storage\FunctionLikeParameter;
use Psalm\Type\Atomic;
use Psalm\Type\Union;
/**
* Represents a closure where we know the return type and params
*
* @psalm-immutable
*/
final class TClosure extends TNamedObject
{
use CallableTrait;
/** @var array<string, bool> */
public $byref_uses = [];
/**
* @param list<FunctionLikeParameter> $params
* @param array<string, bool> $byref_uses
* @param array<string, TNamedObject|TTemplateParam|TIterable|TObjectWithProperties|TCallableObject> $extra_types
*/
public function __construct(
string $value = 'callable',
?array $params = null,
?Union $return_type = null,
?bool $is_pure = null,
array $byref_uses = [],
array $extra_types = [],
bool $from_docblock = false
) {
$this->params = $params;
$this->return_type = $return_type;
$this->is_pure = $is_pure;
$this->byref_uses = $byref_uses;
parent::__construct(
$value,
false,
false,
$extra_types,
$from_docblock,
);
}
public function canBeFullyExpressedInPhp(int $analysis_php_version_id): bool
{
// it can, if it's just 'Closure'
return $this->params === null && $this->return_type === null && $this->is_pure === null;
}
/**
* @return static
*/
public function replaceTemplateTypesWithArgTypes(
TemplateResult $template_result,
?Codebase $codebase
): self {
$replaced = $this->replaceCallableTemplateTypesWithArgTypes($template_result, $codebase);
$intersection = $this->replaceIntersectionTemplateTypesWithArgTypes($template_result, $codebase);
if (!$replaced && !$intersection) {
return $this;
}
return new static(
$this->value,
$replaced[0] ?? $this->params,
$replaced[1] ?? $this->return_type,
$this->is_pure,
$this->byref_uses,
$intersection ?? $this->extra_types,
);
}
/**
* @return static
*/
public function replaceTemplateTypesWithStandins(
TemplateResult $template_result,
Codebase $codebase,
?StatementsAnalyzer $statements_analyzer = null,
?Atomic $input_type = null,
?int $input_arg_offset = null,
?string $calling_class = null,
?string $calling_function = null,
bool $replace = true,
bool $add_lower_bound = false,
int $depth = 0
): self {
$replaced = $this->replaceCallableTemplateTypesWithStandins(
$template_result,
$codebase,
$statements_analyzer,
$input_type,
$input_arg_offset,
$calling_class,
$calling_function,
$replace,
$add_lower_bound,
$depth,
);
$intersection = $this->replaceIntersectionTemplateTypesWithStandins(
$template_result,
$codebase,
$statements_analyzer,
$input_type,
$input_arg_offset,
$calling_class,
$calling_function,
$replace,
$add_lower_bound,
$depth,
);
if (!$replaced && !$intersection) {
return $this;
}
return new static(
$this->value,
$replaced[0] ?? $this->params,
$replaced[1] ?? $this->return_type,
$this->is_pure,
$this->byref_uses,
$intersection ?? $this->extra_types,
);
}
protected function getChildNodeKeys(): array
{
return [...parent::getChildNodeKeys(), ...$this->getCallableChildNodeKeys()];
}
}
``` |
The 1884–85 season was Newton Heath LYR's second season of competitive football. Having entered the Lancashire Cup for the first time the previous year, they reached the Second Round this time around. However, it was to be the last time that the club entered a senior team in the competition until 1889.
The Heathens also entered a team in the Manchester and District Challenge Cup for the first time in 1885, and found much more success than in the Lancashire Cup; they reached the final at the first attempt, where they lost 3–0 to Hurst. Apart from the final, the team scored three goals or more in every round of the competition.
Lancashire Cup
The Heathens' first entry into the Lancashire Cup had seen them drawn against Blackburn Olympic, who beat them comfortably despite playing their reserve team. The 1884–85 tournament paired Newton Heath with Haydock Temperance, to be played at North Road. The match was won 4–0 and set up a clash with Baxenden the following month. However, Baxenden proved to be tougher opposition than Haydock and beat the Heathens 4–1.
Manchester and District Senior Cup
The 1884–85 Manchester Cup was Newton Heath's first foray into that competition. The competition was geared towards teams in and around the Manchester area, a narrower focus than the Lancashire Cup, thus limiting the number of quality teams that Newton Heath would come up against. Therefore, although it displayed less ambition from the club, it also provided them with a more likely chance of silverware.
Their first opposition in the competition was Eccles, whom they beat 3–2 at North Road on 31 January 1885. However, Eccles appealed against the result, claiming that Newton Heath's third goal was invalid and should not have stood. The match was replayed two weeks later at Henrietta Street, Old Trafford, home of the Manchester Association club. This time, Newton Heath won the match 3–0, putting the result beyond doubt.
In the second round, the Heathens were pitted against the favourites for the cup, Manchester. However, despite being the home team and their status as favourites, Manchester were unable to compete with Newton Heath, who ran out 3–0 winners. The Railwaymen racked up another four goals in the semi-final against Owens College (which would go on to become the University of Manchester), winning 4–3 to put them into their first ever final. Their opponents in the final, played at Whalley Range in south Manchester, were Hurst. The Heathens went into the game with high hopes, coming off the back of some high-scoring games in the earlier rounds, but ultimately lost 3–0.
References
Manchester United F.C. seasons
Newton Heath Lyr |
Duccio di Buoninsegna ( , ; – ), commonly known as just Duccio, was an Italian painter active in Siena, Tuscany, in the late 13th and early 14th century. He was hired throughout his life to complete many important works in government and religious buildings around Italy. Duccio is considered one of the greatest Italian painters of the Middle Ages, and is credited with creating the painting styles of Trecento and the Sienese school. He also contributed significantly to the Sienese Gothic style.
Biography
Although much is still unconfirmed about Duccio and his life, there is more documentation of him and his life than of other Italian painters of his time. It is known that he was born and died in the city of Siena, and was also mostly active in the surrounding region of Tuscany. Other details of his early life and family are as uncertain, as much else in his history.
One avenue to reconstructing Duccio's biography are the traces of him in archives that list when he ran up debts or incurred fines. Some records say he was married with seven children. The relative abundance of archival mentions has led historians to believe that he had difficulties managing his life and his money. Due to his debts, Duccio's family dissociated themselves from him after his death.
Another route to filling in Duccio's biography is by analyzing the works that can be attributed to him with certainty. Information can be obtained by analyzing his style, the date and location of the works, and more. Due to gaps where Duccio's name goes unmentioned in the Sienese records for years at a time, scholars speculate he may have traveled to Paris, Assisi and Rome.
Nevertheless, his artistic talents were enough to overshadow his lack of organization as a citizen, and he became famous in his own lifetime. In the 14th century Duccio became one of the most favored and radical painters in Siena.
Artistic career
Where Duccio studied, and with whom, is still a matter of great debate, but by analyzing his style and technique art historians have been able to limit the field. Many believe that he studied under Cimabue, while others think that maybe he had actually traveled to Constantinople himself and learned directly from a Byzantine master.
Little is known of his painting career prior to 1278, when at the age of 23 he is recorded as having painted twelve account book cases. Although Duccio was active from 1268 to about 1311 only approximately 13 of his works survive today.
Of Duccio's surviving works, only two can be definitively dated. Both were major public commissions: the "Rucellai Madonna" (Galleria degli Uffizi), commissioned in April 1285 by the Compagnia del Laudesi di Maria Vergine for a chapel in Santa Maria Novella in Florence; and the Maestà commissioned for the high altar of Siena Cathedral in 1308, which Duccio completed by June 1311.
Style
Duccio's known works are on wood panel, painted in egg tempera and embellished with gold leaf. Differently from his contemporaries and artists before him, Duccio was a master of tempera and managed to conquer the medium with delicacy and precision. There is no clear evidence that Duccio painted frescoes.
Duccio's style was similar to Byzantine art in some ways, with its gold backgrounds and familiar religious scenes; however, it was also different and more experimental. Duccio began to break down the sharp lines of Byzantine art, and soften the figures. He used modeling (playing with light and dark colors) to reveal the figures underneath the heavy drapery; hands, faces, and feet became more rounded and three-dimensional. Duccio's paintings are inviting and warm with color. His pieces consisted of many delicate details and were sometimes inlaid with jewels or ornamental fabrics. Duccio was also noted for his complex organization of space. He organized his characters specifically and purposefully. In his "Rucellai Madonna" () the viewer can see all of these qualities at play.
Duccio was also one of the first painters to put figures in architectural settings, as he began to explore and investigate depth and space. He also had a refined attention to emotion not seen in other painters at this time. The characters interact tenderly with each other; it is no longer Christ and the Virgin, it is mother and child. He flirts with naturalism, but his paintings are still awe inspiring. Duccio's figures seem to be otherworldly or heavenly, consisting of beautiful colors, soft hair, gracefulness and fabrics not available to mere humans.
He influenced many other painters, most notably Simone Martini, and the brothers Ambrogio and Pietro Lorenzetti.
Followers
In the course of his life, Duccio had many pupils even if it is not known if they were true pupils who were formed and matured artistically within his workshop, or they were simply painters who imitated his style. Many of the artists are anonymous, and their connection to Duccio has emerged only from analysis of a body of work with common stylistic traits. The first pupils, who can be referred to as a group as first-generation followers, were active between about 1290 and 1320 and include the Master of Badia a Isola, the Master of Città di Castello, the Aringhieri Master, the Master of the Collazioni dei Santi Padri and the Master of San Polo in Rosso.
Another group of followers, who could be termed followers of the second generation, were active between about 1300 and 1335 and include Segna di Bonaventura, Ugolino di Nerio, the Master of the Gondi Maestà, the Master of Monte Oliveto and the Master of Monterotondo. It should, however, be said that Segna di Bonaventura was already active prior to 1300 and so he overlaps as to period both the first and second generation of followers.
A third group followed Duccio only several years after his death, which shows the impact his painting had on Siena and on Tuscany as a whole. The artists of this third group, active between about 1330 and 1350, include Segna di Bonaventura's sons, that is, Niccolò di Segna and Francesco di Segna, and a pupil of Ugolino di Nerio: the Master of Chianciano.
Some of the artists were influenced by Duccio alone to the point of creating a decided affinity or kinship between their works and his. Among them was the Master of Badia a Isola, and Ugolino di Nerio, along with Segna di Bonaventura and their sons. Other artists were influenced also by other schools, and these include the Aringhieri Master (think of the massive volumes of Giotto), and the Master of the Gondi Maestà (who shows the influence also of Simone Martini).
The case of Simone Martini and Pietro Lorenzetti is somewhat different. Both artists painted works that have affinities with Duccio: for Simone from about 1305, and Pietro from about 1310 onwards. However, from the outset their work showed distinctive individual features, as can be seen in Simone's Madonna and Child no. 583 (1305–1310) and in Pietro's Orsini Triptych, painted at Assisi (about 1310–1315). Later the two developed styles with completely independent characteristics such that they acquired an artistic standing that elevates them well beyond being labelled simply as followers of Duccio.
Gallery
Known surviving works
Madonna with Child – Tempera and gold on wood, Museo d'Arte Sacra della Val d'Arbia, Buonconvento, near Siena
Gualino Madonna – Tempera and gold on wood, Galleria Sabauda, Turin
Madonna with Child and two Angels (Also known as the Crevole Madonna; c. 1280) – Tempera and gold on wood, Museo dell'Opera Metropolitana, Siena
Madonna with Child enthroned and six Angels () – Also known as the Rucellai Madonna / Madonna Rucellai – Tempera and gold on wood, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy (on deposit from Santa Maria Novella)
Crucifix – Tempera on wood, Odescalchi Collection, Rome, formerly in the Castello Orsini at Bracciano
Crucifix (Grosseto) (1289) – Church of San Francesco, Grosseto
Madonna of the Franciscans (c. 1300) – Tempera and gold on wood, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena
Triptych: Crucifixion and other Scenes c. 1302–08 Royal Collection Trust
Assumption and Crowning of the Virgin – Stained glass window, Siena Cathedral
Maestà – Tempera and gold on wood, Museum of Fine Arts Bern, Switzerland
Madonna and Child – Tempera and gold on wood, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (formerly in the Stoclet Collection, Brussels, Belgium)
Madonna with Child and six Angels – Tempera and gold on wood, Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, Perugia, Italy
Polyptych: Madonna and Child with Saints Augustine, Paul, Peter, Dominic, four angels and Christ blessing (also known as Dossale no. 28; c. 1305) – Tempera and gold on wood, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena
Polyptych no. 47: Madonna and Child with Saints Agnes, John the Evangelist, John the Baptist, and Mary Magdalene; ten Patriarchs and Prophets, with Christ blessing – Tempera and gold on wood, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena
The Surrender of the Castle of Giuncarico – Fresco, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena
Maestà with Episodes from Christ's Passion – Tempera and gold on wood – Massa Marittima Cathedral, Italy
Small Triptych: Flagellation of Christ; Crucifixion with Angels; Deposition in the Tomb – Tempera and gold on wood, Società di Esecutori di Pie Deposizioni, Siena
Small Triptych: Madonna and Child with four Angels, Saints Dominic, Agnes and seven Prophets / Madonna con Bambino e con quattro angeli, i santi Domenico, Agnese, e sette profeti – Tempera and gold on wood – The National Gallery, London, England
Portable Altarpiece: Crucifixion with Christ blessing; St Nicholas; St Gregory – Tempera and gold on wood, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, United States
Small Triptych: Crucifixion with Angels; Annunciation and Madonna with Child and Angels; Stigmata of St Francis with Madonna and Christ enthroned – Tempera and gold on wood, UK Royal Collection
Maestá (Madonna with Child Enthroned and Twenty Angels and Nineteen Saints) – Tempera and gold on wood, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Siena
Maestà (The Temptation of Christ on the Mountain) – Tempera and gold on wood – The Frick Collection, New York
The Crucifixion (c.1315)– Tempera and gold on wood – New-York Historical Society, New York
References
Sources
Further reading
Bellosi, Luciano (1999). Duccio: The Maestà. New York: Thames and Hudson. .
Bellosi, Luciano; Ragionieri, Giovanna (2003). Duccio di Buoninsegna. Giunti Editore. .
Deuchler, Florens (1984). Duccio. Milan: Electa. .
Jannella, Cecilia (1991). Duccio di Buoninsegna. Scala/Riverside. .
External links
www.DuccioDiBuoninsegna.org 130 works by Duccio
"The Missing Madonna: The story behind the Met's most expensive acquisition" The New Yorker Magazine, July 11 & 18, 2005, by Calvin Tomkins
Duccio in Panopticon Virtual Art Gallery
Duccio di Buoninsegna at the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Carl Brandon Strehlke, "Archangel by the Workshop of Duccio di Buoninsegna (cat. 88)" in The John G. Johnson Collection: A History and Selected Works, a Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication.
Gothic painters
Italian male painters
Painters from Siena
Trecento painters
1310s deaths
13th-century births
13th-century Italian painters
14th-century Italian painters
Catholic painters |
```objective-c
//
// UIScrollView+Pages.h
// TLKit
//
// Created by on 2017/8/27.
//
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface UIScrollView (Pages)
#pragma mark - #
@property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) NSInteger numberOfPageX;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger pageX;
- (void)setPageX:(CGFloat)page animated:(BOOL)animated;
#pragma mark - #
@property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) NSInteger numberOfPageY;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger pageY;
- (void)setPageY:(CGFloat)page animated:(BOOL)animated;
@end
``` |
Policarpo Juan Paz García (7 December 1932 – 16 April 2000) was a Honduran military leader who served as President of Honduras from 7 August 1978 until 27 January 1982.
Biography
Paz Garcia was born in 1932 in La Arada, Goascoran, Valle, Honduras. He distinguished himself in the Football War, a brief war fought by El Salvador and Honduras in 1969.
Presidency
Following a 1978 military coup that ousted General Juan Alberto Melgar as chief of state, a three-man junta headed by Paz Garcia took power and announced that it would begin preparations for a return to civilian rule. A constituent assembly was popularly elected in April 1980 to write a new constitution, and on July 20, 1980 the junta handed control to the Assembly.
The Assembly appointed General Paz Garcia provisional president until general elections were held. The elections, in November 1981, were won by Roberto Suazo, and his Liberal Party of Honduras.
Last years
Paz died on 16 April 2000 at age 67, due to kidney failure.
References
1932 births
2000 deaths
Presidents of Honduras
Leaders who took power by coup
Honduran Roman Catholics
Deaths from kidney failure |
Darwinulidae is a family of ostracods belonging to the order Podocopida.
Genera:
Alicenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998
Darwella
Darwinula Brady & Norman, 1889
Isabenula Rossetti, Pinto & Martens, 2011
Microdarwinula Danielopol, 1969
Penthesilenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998
Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998
References
Ostracods |
The 1959–60 season was Galatasaray's 58th in existence and the 2nd consecutive season in the Milli Lig.
This article shows statistics of the club's players in the season, and also lists all matches that the club have played in the season.
Squad statistics
Players in / out
In
Out
Milli Lig
Standings
Matches
Friendly Matches
Kick-off listed in local time (EET)
Attendances
References
Tuncay, Bülent (2002). Galatasaray Tarihi. Yapı Kredi Yayınları
External links
Galatasaray Sports Club Official Website
Turkish Football Federation – Galatasaray A.Ş.
uefa.com – Galatasaray AŞ
Galatasaray S.K. (football) seasons
Turkish football clubs 1959–60 season
1950s in Istanbul
1960s in Istanbul |
Renard: histoire burlesque chantée et jouée, or The Fox: burlesque tale sung and played, is a chamber opera-ballet for four male voices and 16 instrumentalists written in 1916 by Igor Stravinsky. Its original Russian text, by the composer, derives from a folk tale as collected by Alexander Afanasyev — but the piece has no name in Russian, being titled generically instead as Байка про лису, петуха, кота, да барана, or Tale of the Fox, the Cock, the Cat and the Ram. (As with the composer's previous stage work, The Nightingale, this burlesque tale is known by its French name despite being wholly Russian.) The premiere took place in a French translation in Paris on 18 May 1922. Duration: 16–17 minutes.
History
In April 1915, Winnaretta Singer, Princesse Edmond de Polignac, commissioned Stravinsky to write a piece that could be played in her salon. She paid the composer 2,500 Swiss francs. The work was completed in Morges, Switzerland in 1916, and Stravinsky himself made a staging plan, trying to avoid any resemblance to conventional operatic staging . He created, rather, a new form of theatre in which the acrobatic dance is connected with singing, and the declamation comments on the musical action. However, the piece was never performed in the salon of the princess. It was not in fact staged until 1922.
The premiere, a double bill with Mavra, was given on 18 May 1922 by the Ballets Russes at the Théâtre de l’Opéra, Paris. Other sources indicate 2 June as the date of the premiere. It was conducted by Ernest Ansermet with choreography by Bronislava Nijinska and decorations and costumes by Mikhail Larionov. Stravinsky remained pleased with Nijinska's "acrobatic Renard, which coincided with my ideas... Renard was also a real Russian satire. The animals saluted very like the Russian Army (Orwell would have liked this), and there was always an underlying significance to their movements."
In 1929, Sergei Diaghilev staged a revival with the Ballets Russes with choreographed by Michel Fokine. Stravinsky was not happy with the revival, saying, "[it] was ruined chiefly by some jugglers Diaghilev had borrowed from a circus." Stravinsky regretted Chagall's refusal of a commission to do the sets.
Synopsis
This is a moralizing story, a farmyard fairy tale about Reynard the Fox, who deceives the Cock, the Cat and the Goat; but in the end they catch and punish him. The Cock is twice tricked and captured by the Fox, only to be rescued each time by the Cat and the Goat. After the Cock's second rescue, the Cat and the Goat strangle the Fox, and the three friends dance and sing. It also contains a slight irony relating to religion and the church – to be invulnerable the Fox wears the black gown of the nun (nuns used the privilege of inviolability in Russia).
As in his later ballet , Stravinsky employs here the singers as part of the orchestra, and the vocal parts are not identified with specific characters.
Details about the score
Publication
Geneva: A. Henn, 1917; London: J. & W. Chester, 1917; Vienna: . 1917; (as ) Moscow: Muzyka, 1973.
Duration c. 15–20 minutes.
Dedication: ""
Scoring
Singers: 2 tenors, 2 basses
Ensemble: flute (doubling piccolo), oboe (doubling cor anglais), clarinet (doubling E clarinet), bassoon, 2 horns, trumpet, percussion (timpani, triangle, tambourine with bells, tambourine without bells, cylindrical drum, cymbals, bass drum), cimbalom (or piano), 2 violins, viola, cello and double-bass.
Translations
The French translation by C. F. Ramuz appears in the original vocal score. A German translation by Rupert Koller is in the Chester study score and an English translation by Rollo H. Myers in the current vocal score bears the copyright date 1956. It is somewhat modified on the Stravinsky conducts Stravinsky recording; a more though-going revision heard on Robert Craft's 2005 recording is offered as the composer's own. Later, however, he told Craft: "I prefer to hear [it] in Russian or not at all."
Discrepancies
There are many discrepancies between full and vocal scores, particularly the PV's extra bass drum beat at the beginning, the study score's downbeat at the start of the allegro (not heard on Stravinsky's recording), the rebarring between figures 21 and 22, and the PV's missing third beat of the bassoon before figure 24.
Score and music sample
Stravinsky first developed here an original technique of composition that was almost unknown in the European classical tradition, though quite typical of folk music. The main features of this are the repetition of small, simple melodic phrases (called in Russian ), often in syncopated rhythm, with an irregular meter (changing the time signature almost in every bar); the multi-voiced texture is not a real polyphony, but rather a heterophony, representing monophony or a “ragged unison”, where the melody of one instrument is accompanied and embellished with the fragments of the same melody. For example:
Recordings
key: conductor – petukh (cock; tenor 1)/lisa (fox; tenor 2)/kot (cat; bass 1)/baran (ram; bass 2) – year recorded – first label
Craft – Harmon/Hess/Galjour/Lishner – 1950 – Dial
Ansermet – Sénéchal/Cuénod/Depraz/Rehfuss – 1956 – Decca
Boulez – Giraudeau/Devos/Rondeleux/Depraz – 1961 – Disques Adès
Stravinsky – Shirley/Driscoll/Murphy/Gramm – 1962 – Columbia
Ansermet – English/Mitchinson/Glossop/Rouleau – 1964 – Decca
Dutoit – Blazer/Tappy/Huttenlocher/Bastin – 1973 – Erato
Mihály – Keönch/Gulyás/Polgár/Bordás – 1979 – Hungaroton
Dunand – Marchisio/Blazer/Brodard/Loup – 1982 – Rencontre
Chailly – Jenkins-N/Langridge/Hammond-Stroud/Lloyd – 1985 – Decca
Salonen – Aler/Robson/Wilson-Johnson/Tomlinson – 1990 – Sony
Ziegler – Harrhy/Hetherington/Donnelly/Cavallier – 1991 – ASV
Craft – Baker-T/Martin-D/Evitts/Pauley – 1993 – MusicMasters 67110-2
Wolff – Aler/Kelley/Opalach/Cheek – 1994 – Teldec
Conlon – Caley/Grivnov/Naouri/Mikhailov – 1999 – EMI
Craft – Aler/Spears/Evitts/Pauley – 2005 – Naxos
Mantovani – Brutscher/Saelens/Gnatiuk/Nédélec – 2013 – PP distribution
Gergiev – Timchenko/Trofimov/Petryanik/Vlasov – 2021 – Mariinsky label
References
Notes
Sources
Stravinsky, Igor. Renard: Histoire burlesque chantée et jouée / The Fox: A burlesque in song and dance / Reinecke: Gesungene und Gespielte Burleske, miniature score, text in Russian, French, and German. London: J. & W. Chester Ltd., 1917.
Stravinsky, Igor. Poetics of Music in the Form of Six Lessons. English translation by Arthur Knodell and Ingolf Dahl, preface by George Seferis. The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures, 1939–40. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1947. Reprinted, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1970, . Originally published in French, as Poétique musicale sous forme de six leçons. The Charles Eliot Norton Lectures for 1939–1940. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1942.
Stravinsky, Igor, and Robert Craft, Conversations with Stravinsky. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980 (©1959).
Stravinsky, Igor, An Autobiography. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998 (©1936). (Originally published New York: Simon & Schuster). [Ghostwritten by Walter Nouvel]
Russian-language operas
Operas by Igor Stravinsky
Operas
One-act operas
Ballets by Bronislava Nijinska
Ballets Russes productions
1922 operas
1922 ballet premieres |
```c++
#ifndef BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
//
// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
//
// See path_to_url for documentation.
// $Id$
// $Date$
// $Revision$
#include <boost/mpl/aux_/config/lambda.hpp>
#if !defined(BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_FULL_LAMBDA_SUPPORT)
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_SPEC(i, name, params) /**/
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(i,name,params) /**/
#else
# include <boost/mpl/int_fwd.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/aux_/yes_no.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/aux_/na_fwd.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/params.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/aux_/preprocessor/enum.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/aux_/config/msvc.hpp>
# include <boost/mpl/aux_/config/workaround.hpp>
# include <boost/preprocessor/tuple/to_list.hpp>
# include <boost/preprocessor/list/for_each_i.hpp>
# include <boost/preprocessor/inc.hpp>
# include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_ARG_TYPEDEF_FUNC(R,typedef_,i,param) \
typedef_ param BOOST_PP_CAT(arg,BOOST_PP_INC(i)); \
/**/
// agurt, 07/mar/03: restore an old revision for the sake of SGI MIPSpro C++
#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(__EDG_VERSION__, <= 238)
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(i, name, params) \
typedef BOOST_MPL_AUX_ADL_BARRIER_NAMESPACE::int_<i> arity; \
BOOST_PP_LIST_FOR_EACH_I_R( \
1 \
, BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_ARG_TYPEDEF_FUNC \
, typedef \
, BOOST_PP_TUPLE_TO_LIST(i,params) \
) \
struct rebind \
{ \
template< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,typename U) > struct apply \
: name< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,U) > \
{ \
}; \
}; \
/**/
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_SPEC(i, name, params) \
BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(i, name, params) \
/**/
#elif BOOST_WORKAROUND(__EDG_VERSION__, <= 244) && !defined(BOOST_INTEL_CXX_VERSION)
// agurt, 18/jan/03: old EDG-based compilers actually enforce 11.4 para 9
// (in strict mode), so we have to provide an alternative to the
// MSVC-optimized implementation
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_SPEC(i, name, params) \
typedef BOOST_MPL_AUX_ADL_BARRIER_NAMESPACE::int_<i> arity; \
BOOST_PP_LIST_FOR_EACH_I_R( \
1 \
, BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_ARG_TYPEDEF_FUNC \
, typedef \
, BOOST_PP_TUPLE_TO_LIST(i,params) \
) \
struct rebind; \
/**/
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(i, name, params) \
BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_SPEC(i, name, params) \
}; \
template< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,typename T) > \
struct name<BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,T)>::rebind \
{ \
template< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,typename U) > struct apply \
: name< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,U) > \
{ \
}; \
/**/
#else // __EDG_VERSION__
namespace boost { namespace mpl { namespace aux {
template< typename T > struct has_rebind_tag;
}}}
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_SPEC(i, name, params) \
typedef BOOST_MPL_AUX_ADL_BARRIER_NAMESPACE::int_<i> arity; \
BOOST_PP_LIST_FOR_EACH_I_R( \
1 \
, BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_ARG_TYPEDEF_FUNC \
, typedef \
, BOOST_PP_TUPLE_TO_LIST(i,params) \
) \
friend class BOOST_PP_CAT(name,_rebind); \
typedef BOOST_PP_CAT(name,_rebind) rebind; \
/**/
#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x610))
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HAS_REBIND(i, name, params) \
template< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,typename T) > \
::boost::mpl::aux::yes_tag operator|( \
::boost::mpl::aux::has_rebind_tag<int> \
, name<BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,T)>* \
); \
::boost::mpl::aux::no_tag operator|( \
::boost::mpl::aux::has_rebind_tag<int> \
, name< BOOST_MPL_PP_ENUM(i,::boost::mpl::na) >* \
); \
/**/
#elif !BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1300)
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HAS_REBIND(i, name, params) \
template< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,typename T) > \
::boost::mpl::aux::yes_tag operator|( \
::boost::mpl::aux::has_rebind_tag<int> \
, ::boost::mpl::aux::has_rebind_tag< name<BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,T)> >* \
); \
/**/
#else
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HAS_REBIND(i, name, params) /**/
#endif
# if !defined(__BORLANDC__)
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(i, name, params) \
BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_SPEC(i, name, params) \
}; \
BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HAS_REBIND(i, name, params) \
class BOOST_PP_CAT(name,_rebind) \
{ \
public: \
template< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,typename U) > struct apply \
: name< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,U) > \
{ \
}; \
/**/
# else
# define BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT(i, name, params) \
BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_SPEC(i, name, params) \
}; \
BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HAS_REBIND(i, name, params) \
class BOOST_PP_CAT(name,_rebind) \
{ \
public: \
template< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,typename U) > struct apply \
{ \
typedef typename name< BOOST_MPL_PP_PARAMS(i,U) >::type type; \
}; \
/**/
# endif // __BORLANDC__
#endif // __EDG_VERSION__
#endif // BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_FULL_LAMBDA_SUPPORT
#endif // BOOST_MPL_AUX_LAMBDA_SUPPORT_HPP_INCLUDED
``` |
Tatar population in Lithuania is an ethnic group living in the Republic of Lithuania historical lands of Lithuania. It is also considered one of the oldest ethnic minorities in Lithuania.
Origin
Lithuanian Tatars are descendants of Turkic and Mongolian tribes. Their ancestors were emigrants from the Golden Horde and the Great Horde (the lower Volga region), as well as the Crimean Khanate. Tatars belonged to different ethnic groups and spoke the Kipchak languages. The Tatar population in Lithuania lives surrounded by other nations and religions, and lost its native language in the 16th century. However, Tatars have preserved their ethnic culture, national and religious identity. The majority of Lithuanian Tatars are Sunni Muslims. The Muslim Spiritual Center of Lithuania, or the Muftiate, was re-established in 1998. Lithuanian Tatar mosques operate in Nemėžis, the village of Keturiasdešimt Totorių, Raižiai and Kaunas. There were six mosques in Lithuania before the war. Two of them have been destroyed. The mosque in Vinkšnupiai, the Vilkaviškis county, was destroyed during the Second World War, while the Lukiškės mosque in Vilnius was destroyed in the Soviet era. It is believed that there were about 60 Lithuanian Tatar mosques or houses of worship at various times in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Entry into the Territory of Lithuania
In the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania covered vast territories. In the east, it was bordered by the Tatar lands. The two nations communicated with each other, Khans’ messengers visited the then capital of Trakai. The first Tatars came to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as allies in the battles against the crusaders already during the rule of the Grand Duke Gediminas in 1319-1320.
Vytautas the Great took the first Tatars to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania after the campaigns in 1397-1398 to the Dnieper and Don steppes together with Khan Tokhtamysh, who tried to regain his Khanate of the Golden Horde with the Lithuanian aid. The Tatars then settled in Trakai and its surroundings. The earliest settlements spread along the Vokė River.
On 15 July 1410, a contingent of Tatars participated in the famous Battle of Grunwald together with the Grand Duke Vytautas.
After the Battle of Kletsk in 1506, a number of Tatar captives settled in private estates, towns or villages of Lithuanian noble families, such as the Princes Ostrogski, the Radziwiłłs, and others. In the 17th century, some Tatar settlements were formed in the Duchy of Biržai. The last Khan of the Great Horde (the lower Volga region) Shaykh Aḥmad was taken hostage and held for diplomatic purposes in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a considerable escort for 20 years. He was released in 1527, but members of his family remained in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and became founders of several local families of Tatar Dukes and Mirzas. In Lukiškės - the suburb of Vilnius - Tatars settled not earlier than in the middle of the 16th century.
In Lithuania, the Tatar nobility lived mainly in manor-villages (okolicas) or homesteads. Tatars, who belonged to the Grand Duke Lithuania, received lands from him by inheritance. Tatars were obliged to perform military service and had some additional obligations. They also served as couriers, postmen, guardsmen, and road-workers. Tatars, like the boyars, enjoyed the landholding right, but had no political rights.
Tatars were exempt from state taxes, because they performed military service in exchange for the lands they held. Those who did not perform military service, had to pay a poll tax and other taxes, when the state needed it. Land and estates were granted to individuals for good service.
In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the main activity of Tatars was serving in the military and diplomatic service. The flag was an administrative territorial and tax unit of the Tatar community. It was headed by the Duke (Ulan). Initially, Tatar flags were also military units that later formed the Front Guard Regiments of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
In the urban areas, not noble Tatars were involved in gardening, leather production, horse breeding, and transportation.
Tatars retained their rights after the Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795, when the lands of the GDL became part of the Russian Empire. Having proved their nobility, Tatars served in the military service and administration. Those, who could not prove their nobility, made a living on homesteads and paid a poll tax.
Tatars served in the Russian Imperial Army and until 1803 there was a separate Lithuanian Tatar regiment. A number of Tatars participated in Napoleon's Russian campaign in 1812, the uprisings of 1831 and 1863, and supported Lithuania's National Liberation Movement.
From the end of the 17th century until the middle of the 20th century, up to 50 Generals of the Lithuanian Tatar descent served in the armies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, and the Russian Empire.
While maintaining loyalty to the country that became their second homeland, Lithuanian Tatars participated in all the wars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the uprisings of 1794, 1831 and 1864, and Lithuanian struggles for independence in 1918-1920. The high-ranking Lithuanian Tatar officer Colonel Aleksandras (Suleimanas) Chaleckis was among the founders of the restored Lithuanian Armed Forces.
Twentieth century
Over time, new professions opened up to Lithuanian Tatars. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, there were Tatar doctors, scholars, artists and practitioners of the liberal arts. Some of them have become world-famous.
In the early 20th century, Tatar national organisations began to be established. In 1909, the Muslims' community of Lithuania was established in Vilnius. In 1917-1923, the Tatar Union of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine operated in Petrograd. From 1923 to 1936, there was the Kaunas Tatar Society of Lithuania. A Division of the Cultural and Educational Union of Polish Tatars, which operated in Poland's occupied eastern Lithuania in 1925-1940, published scientific, religious literature and fiction, and the newspaper „Życie tatarskie“ was printed in Vilnius in 1934-1939. In 1929-1940, there was the Tatar National Museum, from 1931 – an archive, and from 1934 – a Youth Circle.
A Muslim religious center – the Vilnius Muftiate (headed by the Mufti Jokūbas Šinkevičius) – was founded on 28 December 1925. In 1936, the Tatar community was recognized as an autocephalous faith community. In addition, a Tatar military unit was established as part of the 13th Vilnius Uhlan Regiment. During the interwar period, about a thousand Lithuanian Tatars lived in Lithuania. Another ten thousand members of this community lived outside Lithuania, in Poland and Belarus. In Lithuania, there were two Muslim parishes with centers in Kaunas and Raižiai. In 1930, on the occasion of the 520th anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald, a new brick mosque was opened in Kaunas, the temporary capital of Lithuania. It received significant support from the then Lithuanian Government.
At the end of 1939, there were Muslim parishes in Raižiai (Alytus county), Vinkšnupiai (Vilkaviškis county), the village of Forty Tatars (Vilnius county) and Nemėžis (Vilnius county). After the Red Army invaded Lithuania on 15 June 1940, Tatar organisations were closed down.
In contemporary Lithuania
The Lithuanian Tatar Culture Society was established in 1988. Its goal was to coordinate the social life of Tatars in Lithuania, to restore the houses of worship, and to foster the Tatar culture. There are now about 20 public organisations (associations) of Lithuanian Tatars in Lithuania.
In 1995, the newspaper “Lithuanian Tatars” appeared in the Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish languages.
The Union of Lithuanian Tatar Communities was founded in 1996. Its activities include fostering, studying, and disseminating information about the Lithuanian Tatar culture. The Union organises events and maintains ties with state and municipal institutions, as well as related organisations of Lithuanian Tatars in Poland and Belarus, and the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People (the national parliament).
In 2009, the Vytautas the Great Monument Construction Foundation was established, which aims to perpetuate the historical memory and to preserve the cultural heritage.
There are also several Sunday schools in Lithuania.
The restoration of the Lithuanian Tatar folklore began with the establishment of the first folklore ensemble “Alije” in 1997. In 2011, the Lithuanian Tatar folklore ensemble “Ilsu” (Homeland) was established in Vilnius. The folklore group "Efsane" (Legend) was founded in 2018. They promote and present to the public the traditional culture of Lithuanian Tatars and other Turkic peoples.
The Trakai Castle Museum's permanent exhibition also presents the history of Lithuanian Tatars.
Culinary heritage
Lithuanian Tatars have preserved their food traditions. The most famous Tatar dish in Lithuania and beyond is a hundred layer cake with poppy filling “Šimtalapis”. There are also well-known Lithuanian Tatar dumplings with mutton and beef, pumpkin pie with meat (traditionally with geese), ceremonial round scones - jama - and sweet halwa.
Famous Lithuanian Tatars
Maciej Sulkiewicz, Lieutenant General of the Russian Empire, Prime Minister of the Crimean Regional Government, and Chief of the General Staff of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Michailas Tuhan-Baranovskis (Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky), world-famous political economy theorist and Professor
Brothers Olgierdas and Leonas Kričinskiai (Olgierd Najman-Mirza Kryczyński, Leon Najman Mirza Kryczyński), lawyers
Adas Jakubauskas, political scientist, poet, Professor at Mykolas Romeris University, Director General of the Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania
Romualdas Makaveckas – Associate Professor at Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas Chess Federation's Honorary President
Tamara Bairašauskaitė, historian, Chief Researcher at the Lithuanian Institute of History, Professor at Vilnius University
Juozas Vilčinskas, Chairman of the Lithuanian Community in Great Britain.
Albertas Chazbijavičius, professional circus artist, Head of the circus studio Dzūkija.
See also
Lithuanian Tatars of the Imperial Guard
Islam in Lithuania
References
Lithuanian people by ethnic or national origin
Islam in Lithuania
Ethnic groups in Lithuania
Lipka Tatars of Lithuania |
Scholes is an urban area in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. Scholes is immediately to the east of Wigan's town centre; separated from the commercial area by the River Douglas.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Scholes is noted for its council estate and series of tower blocks, which are prominent features in this area of the town.
North West England has several places called Scholes. Some, like Scholes in Wigan, are simply areas within towns, however, some are actual villages in their own right which are totally stand-alone.
Scholes was once a ward of Wigan, east of the town centre. As described in the Victoria Histories of the Counties of England, Lancashire (VCH Lancs, Vol. 4), the district formerly had four wards:
St George and St Patrick, the innermost divided by a street called Scholes, and Lindsay and St Catherine's outside. It is now contained in the Wigan Central ward.
The Church of St Catherine was consecrated in 1841 and has a small graveyard attached. In October 1864 representatives of James Horrocks of Spennymoor, claiming to be the heir of Robert Ford who died in 1772, took possession of the ‘Manor House' in Scholes and were besieged for some days, to the excitement of the town.
References
Areas of Wigan |
Sphaerodactylus beattyi, also known commonly as the Saint Croix's sphaero, Beatty's least gecko, and the cotton ginner gecko, is a species of lizard in the family Sphaerodactylidae. The species is endemic to Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands. There are two recognized subspecies.
Etymology
The specific name, beattyi, is in honor of Crucian naturalist Harry Andrew Beatty (1902–1989).
The subspecific name, seamani, is in honor of Crucian George A. Seaman.
Habitat
The preferred habitats of S. beattyi are shrubland and forest at altitudes of .
Reproduction
S. beattyi is oviparous.
Subspecies
Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
Sphaerodactylus beattyi beattyi
Sphaerodactylus beattyi seamani
References
Further reading
Grant C (1937). "Herpetological Notes with New Species from the American and British Virgin Islands, 1936". Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Puerto Rico 21: 503–522. (Sphaerodactylus beattyi, new species, p. 508).
Rösler H (2000). "Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha) ". Gekkota 2: 28–153. (Sphaerodactylus beattyi, p. 110). (in German).
Schwartz A, Henderson RW (1991). Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. Gainesville, Florida: University of Florida Press. 720 pp. . (Sphaerodactylus beattyi, p. 471).
Schwartz A, Thomas R (1975). A Check-list of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 1. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 216 pp. (Sphaerodactylus beattyi, p. 145).
Thomas R, Schwartz A (1966). "Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the Greater Puerto Rico Region". Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 10 (6): 193–260. (Sphaerodactylus beattyi seamani, new subspecies, pp. 251–253, Figure 10).
Sphaerodactylus
Endemic fauna of the United States Virgin Islands
Reptiles of the United States Virgin Islands
Reptiles described in 1937
Taxa named by Chapman Grant |
Friederike Roth (born 6 April 1948) is a German writer. She is especially active as a playwright.
Roth was born in Sindelfingen. She won the City of Stuttgart Literary Prize in 1982 and the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize in 1983.
References
1948 births
Living people
People from Sindelfingen
Ingeborg Bachmann Prize winners
German women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
21st-century German dramatists and playwrights
21st-century German women writers
20th-century German women writers |
İlyasfakı is a village in the Ayvacık District of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. Its population is 129 (2021).
References
Villages in Ayvacık District, Çanakkale |
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