text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
Gunsmoke is an American western radio series, which was developed for radio by John Meston and Norman Macdonnell. The series ran for nine seasons and was broadcast by CBS. The first episode of the series originally aired in the United States on April 26, 1952, and the final first-run episode aired on June 11, 1961. During the series, a total of 480 original episodes were broadcast, including shows with re-used or adapted scripts. A television version of the series premiered in 1955.
Gunsmoke is set in and around Dodge City, Kansas, in the post-Civil War era and centers around United States Marshall Matt Dillon (William Conrad) as he enforces law and order in the city. The series also focuses on Dillon's friendship with three other citizens of Dodge City: Doctor Charles "Doc" Adams (Howard McNear), the town's physician; Kitty Russell (Georgia Ellis), owner of the Long Branch Saloon; and Chester Wesley Proudfoot (Parley Baer), Dillon's deputy. Other roles were played by a group of supporting actors consisting of John Dehner, Sam Edwards, Harry Bartell, Vic Perrin, Lou Krugman, Lawrence Dobkin, Barney Phillips, Jack Kruschen, Ralph Moody, Ben Wright, James Nusser, Richard Crenna, Tom Tully, Joseph Kearns, Virginia Gregg, Jeanette Nolan, Virginia Christine, Helen Kleeb, Lillian Buyeff, Vivi Janiss, and Jeanne Bates. The entire nine-season run of Gunsmoke was produced by Norman Macdonnell.
Episodes
The original pilot episode of Gunsmoke was entitled "Mark Dillon Goes to Gouge Eye" and was recorded twice. The first was on June 11, 1949, with Rye Billsbury as Dillon and the second on July 15, 1949, with Howard Culver in the lead. Neither pilot was aired and the hero's name was eventually changed from Mark Dillon to Matt Dillon.
Season 1 (1952–1953)
Season 2 (1953–1954)
: In "The Cast", the 15th episode of this season, the role of Doc Adams was played by Paul Frees.
Season 3 (1954–1955)
Season 4 (1955–1956)
Season 5 (1956–1957)
Season 6 (1957–1958)
Season 7 (1958–1959)
Season 8 (1959–1960)
Season 9 (1960–1961)
See also
List of Gunsmoke (TV series) episodes
Footnotes
References
(runs to 480 episodes as it includes shows with re-used scripts)
External links
Episodes on Archive.org
Lists of radio series episodes
Western (genre) radio series
Gunsmoke |
Lyubomyrivka () may refer to the following places in Ukraine:
Lyubomyrivka, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
Lyubomyrivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
Lyubomyrivka, Kyiv Oblast
Lyubomyrivka, Bereznehuvate settlement hromada, Bashtanka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast
Lyubomyrivka, Kazanka settlement hromada, Bashtanka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast
Lyubomyrivka, Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast
Lyubomyrivka, Zaporizhzhia Oblast |
Ciera may refer to:
People
Given name
Ciera Payton (born 1986), American actress and writer
Ciera Rogers (born 1987), American business owner, model, and fashion designer
Ciera Davis, victim in the Hart family murders
Ciera Eastin, Survivor: Blood vs. Water contestant
Surname
Giacomo Ciera, Roman Catholic prelate
Ippolito Ciera (fl. 1546–1561), Italian composer
Other uses
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera, a 1981–1996 American mid-size car
See also
Ciara (disambiguation)
Cierra (disambiguation)
Sierra (disambiguation) |
Epilepsy Action is a British charity providing information, advice and support for people with epilepsy.
Activities
Epilepsy Action provides freephone and email helplines and a wide range of information booklets, web pages and e-learning courses. It has around 100 local support groups across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and a network of volunteers working in the community. It also organises conferences for people with epilepsy and health professionals with an interest in the condition. It also has a website that includes information about epilepsy.
It undertakes and encourages non-laboratory research into epilepsy and the issues surrounding living with the condition.
Since 2008, the charity has organised the annual Bradford 10K athletics race which in 2019 attracted 3,000 runners.
Campaigns
The charity has received international media coverage on a number of occasions due to its work in highlighting bad practice in online videos in relation to photosensitive epilepsy.
In 2007, it claimed that 30 people had seizures as a result of a segment of animated footage commissioned by the organising committee of the London 2012 Summer Olympics to promote its logo.
In 2011, Epilepsy Action highlighted issues with the video for the Kanye West song "All of the Lights". Tests of the video showed that it failed the flashing images guidelines set down by UK broadcasting watchdog Ofcom and so was likely to trigger a seizures in someone with photosensitive epilepsy. A warning was placed on YouTube for people watching the video on its website.
In 2015, it highlighted the presence of advertisements with flashing content that were posted on Vine by Twitter. The Advertising Standards Authority confirmed that Twitter were in breach of its guidelines.
References
External links
Official website
Epilepsy organizations
Health charities in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1950
Charities based in West Yorkshire
Health in Yorkshire |
```python
import os
import pytest
import sys
import threading
import ray
from ray._private.test_utils import (
wait_for_condition,
)
from ray.util.state import list_workers
_SYSTEM_CONFIG = {
"task_events_report_interval_ms": 100,
"metrics_report_interval_ms": 200,
"enable_timeline": False,
"gcs_mark_task_failed_on_job_done_delay_ms": 1000,
}
def test_worker_paused(shutdown_only):
ray.init(num_cpus=1, _system_config=_SYSTEM_CONFIG)
@ray.remote(max_retries=0)
def f():
import time
# Pause 5 seconds inside debugger
with ray._private.worker.global_worker.worker_paused_by_debugger():
time.sleep(5)
def verify(num_paused):
workers = list_workers(
filters=[("num_paused_threads", "=", num_paused)], detail=True
)
if len(workers) == 0:
return False
worker = workers[0]
return worker.num_paused_threads == num_paused
f_task = f.remote() # noqa
wait_for_condition(
verify,
timeout=20,
retry_interval_ms=100,
num_paused=1,
)
wait_for_condition(
verify,
timeout=20,
retry_interval_ms=100,
num_paused=0,
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("actor_concurrency", [1, 3])
def test_worker_paused_actor(shutdown_only, actor_concurrency):
ray.init(_system_config=_SYSTEM_CONFIG)
@ray.remote
class TestActor:
def main_task(self, i):
if i == 0:
import time
# Pause 5 seconds inside debugger
with ray._private.worker.global_worker.worker_paused_by_debugger():
time.sleep(5)
def verify(num_paused):
workers = list_workers(
filters=[("num_paused_threads", "=", num_paused)], detail=True
)
if len(workers) == 0:
return False
worker = workers[0]
return worker.num_paused_threads == num_paused
test_actor = TestActor.options(max_concurrency=actor_concurrency).remote()
refs = [ # noqa
test_actor.main_task.options(name=f"TestActor.main_task_{i}").remote(i)
for i in range(20)
]
wait_for_condition(verify, num_paused=1)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("actor_concurrency", [1, 3])
def test_worker_paused_threaded_actor(shutdown_only, actor_concurrency):
ray.init(_system_config=_SYSTEM_CONFIG)
@ray.remote
class ThreadedActor:
def main_task(self):
def thd_task():
import time
# Pause 5 seconds inside debugger
with ray._private.worker.global_worker.worker_paused_by_debugger(): # noqa: E501
time.sleep(5)
# create and start 10 threads
thds = []
for _ in range(10):
thd = threading.Thread(target=thd_task)
thd.start()
thds.append(thd)
# wait for all threads to finish
for thd in thds:
thd.join()
def verify(num_paused):
workers = list_workers(
filters=[("num_paused_threads", "=", num_paused)], detail=True
)
if len(workers) == 0:
return False
worker = workers[0]
return worker.num_paused_threads == num_paused
threaded_actor = ThreadedActor.options(max_concurrency=actor_concurrency).remote()
# this one call will create 10 threads and all of them will be paused
threaded_actor.main_task.options(name="ThreadedActor.main_task").remote()
wait_for_condition(verify, num_paused=10)
# After waiting for 10 threads to finish, there should be no paused threads
wait_for_condition(verify, num_paused=0)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("actor_concurrency", [1, 3])
def test_worker_paused_async_actor(shutdown_only, actor_concurrency):
ray.init(_system_config=_SYSTEM_CONFIG)
@ray.remote
class AsyncActor:
async def main_task(self):
import time
# Pause 5 seconds inside debugger
with ray._private.worker.global_worker.worker_paused_by_debugger():
time.sleep(5)
def verify(num_paused):
workers = list_workers(
filters=[("num_paused_threads", "=", num_paused)], detail=True
)
if len(workers) == 0:
return False
worker = workers[0]
return worker.num_paused_threads == num_paused
async_actor = AsyncActor.options(max_concurrency=actor_concurrency).remote()
refs = [async_actor.main_task.remote() for i in range(20)] # noqa
# This actor runs on a single thread, so num_paused should be 1
wait_for_condition(verify, num_paused=1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if os.environ.get("PARALLEL_CI"):
sys.exit(pytest.main(["-n", "auto", "--boxed", "-vs", __file__]))
else:
sys.exit(pytest.main(["-sv", __file__]))
``` |
Darreh Badam-e Sofla (, also Romanized as Darreh Bādām-e Soflá) is a village in Jalalvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 56, in 9 families.
References
Populated places in Kermanshah County |
Winchester College appears in fiction both as a school and as fictional Old Wykehamists, people who had been to the school. At least 50 fictional Old Wykehamists have appeared in novels, sometimes following the stereotype of the dull civil servant, though in fact relatively few real Wykehamists choose that profession. The school is further represented indirectly by the writings of Old Wykehamists on other topics.
The school in fiction
Poetry
Amy Audrey Locke's 1912 In Praise of Winchester offers an anthology of over 100 pages of prose and verse about Winchester College. The poets represented in the book include the Old Wykehamists John Crommelin-Brown, Lord Alfred Douglas, Robert Ensor, A. P. Herbert, George Huddesford, Lionel Johnson, William Lipscomb, Robert Seton-Watson, Thomas Adolphus Trollope, Thomas Warton, and William Whitehead. Others in the collection include the biographer and suffragist Laura Ridding, wife of one of the school's headmasters, George Ridding.
Huddesford edited an anthology of poetry by fellow Old Wykehamists called Wiccamical Chaplet, dedicated to the finance minister Henry Addington. Some of the poems are in Latin, including the school song, "Domum", subtitled by Huddesford "" ("The Winchester College Song"). One of the poems, "On a Threat to Destroy the Tree at Winchester", alludes to "", as indicated in its subtitle, "Round which [tree] the Scholars, on Breaking up [at end of term], sing their celebrated Song, called ''." Locke provides a verse translation along with the Latin version, and "A Domum Legend" which gives an alternative version of how the school song came into existence.
Prose
A former headmaster of Winchester College, James Sabben-Clare, comments that the school itself has been "largely spared the full fictional treatment". E. H. Lacon-Watson's 1935 book In the Days of His Youth however portrays the school in the 19th century under the headmastership of George Ridding, "thinly disguised as Dr. Spedding".
Old Wykehamists in fiction
Sabben-Clare discusses how Wykehamists appear in fiction. He notes that James Bond's chaperon, Captain Paul Sender is just one of at least 50 Old Wykehamists in fiction, a dull civil servant, "overcrammed and underloved at Winchester". Sabben-Clare states that despite the stereotype of Wykehamists becoming Civil Servants, between 1820 and 1922 only around 7% of Wykehamists went into the Civil Service, and by 1981 the number had fallen to about 2%. On the other hand, Sabben-Clare writes, Wykehamists have always been drawn to law, with about ten entrants to the profession each year. He find it surprising that so few Wykehamist lawyers are found in fiction: he mentions Monsarrat's John Morell and Charles Morgan's Gaskony.
References
Sources
Winchester College |
The United States Post Office Lenox Hill Station is located at 217 East 70th Street between Second and Third Avenues in the Lenox Hill neighborhood of the Upper East Side, Manhattan, New York City. It is a brick building constructed in 1935 and designed by Eric Kebbon in the Colonial Revival style, and is considered one of the finest post offices in that style in New York State. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, along with many other post offices in the state.
Building
The post office is located on the north side of the street, midway between the two avenues. The neighboring buildings are large apartment houses, modern on either side of the post office and older across the street.
There are two sections to the building. Both are three stories in height, with the first story faced in rusticated limestone on a granite foundation and the upper stories in brick laid in Flemish bond with limestone trim. The five-bay main section has a three-bay central projecting front-gabled pavilion with a stone pediment. To the east is a three-bay wing with a segmental-arched garage.
On the main block, the south-facing first floor windows are all tripartite round-arched windows with 8-over-12 double-hung wooden sash windows in the center, five-pane sidelights and compound fanlights. They are complemented by a projecting keystone and radiating voussoirs.
The second floor windows are 12-over-12 double-hung sash with limestone balustrades in front on the main block. On the pavilion they are additionally topped with stone pediments; segmental arched with supporting brackets in the center and triangular in the middle. On the main block and the wing they have projecting stone lintels.
Above them, the third floor windows are four-over-eight sash with simple stone surrounds. The central window in the pavilion has a shouldered surround with volutes at the base. Below it a flagpole projects from a limestone panel between it and the second-story window below.
The pavilion's gable is trimmed in limestone. At its bottom is a plain frieze with "United States Post Office" carved into it. The entablature is set off by a cornice and has a central carved roundel depicting an eagle and shield. The shallow pitched roof is sheathed in metal.
Balustraded granite steps on either side of the projecting pavilion lead to the main entrances. They have bronze doors topped by blind fanlights with eagles carved in bas-relief. Original lamps are still in place. They open into a vestibule with rusticated limestone walls. The lobby has a terrazzo floor in gray, gold and black marble, green marble baseboard, applied Doric order in honey-colored marble around the entire room, square plaster cornice and shallow squared coffered plaster ceiling. Doors have limestone surrounds with marble transoms. Small Doric pilasters divide the teller windows, which retain their original bronze grilles. Three of the original customer tables remain. They are bronze with glass tops and Greek-inspired decorated bases.
History
Lenox Hill was one of 12 post offices built in mid-1930s Manhattan as part of federal relief efforts in the face of the ongoing Great Depression. An amendment to the Public Buildings Act in 1930 gave the Treasury Department's Supervising Architect the authority to hire outside consulting architects to design buildings, to provide work for unemployed architects. In New York, many of those architects built post offices in the New York metropolitan area.
Eric Kebbon, still employed in private practice at the time, was retained to design five Manhattan post offices. Prior to working for the Treasury Department he had designed the AT&T building at Broadway and Fulton Street. Later he would, as the architect for the city's school system, design over a hundred school buildings.
Kebbon, unlike some other consulting architects, appears to have been given complete freedom in designing the Lenox Hill post office, which serves some of Manhattan's wealthiest neighborhoods. His design, which has been called the finest Colonial Revival post office in the state, is similar to his later Planetarium post office across town on the Upper West Side, but less restrained in its decoration. Many elements are common to other New York City post offices, such as the multi-story main block, full lot coverage and raised basement. Unlike many Colonial Revival post offices in the state, both inside and outside the city, it has two entrances on the side of the projecting pavilion instead of one entrance in the middle.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets
References
Notes
External links
Lenox Hill
Colonial Revival architecture in New York City
Upper East Side
Government buildings completed in 1935 |
Trailer Stability Assist (TSA), also known as Electronic Trailer Sway Control, is designed to control individual wheel slip to correct potential trailer swing before there is an accident. Although similar to Electronic Stability Control (ESC), TSA is programmed differently and is designed to detect yaw in the tow-vehicle and take specific corrective actions to eliminate trailer sway. Most ESC systems are not designed to detect such movement nor take the correct actions to control both trailer and tow-vehicle; so not all ESC equipped vehicles have TSA capabilities.
TSA systems detect when a trailer is starting to oscillate while under tow and corrects any dangerous trailer swing through a combination of either torque reduction and/or individual wheel braking to bring the trailer and tow-vehicle back under control. While towing heavy trailers, such as travel trailer, an unwanted wallow of the whole assembly may occur. Without the help of electronics, regaining stability requires focused attention by the driver.
See also
Autonomous cruise control system
Lane departure warning system
Collision avoidance system
References
External references
Honda Sensing™
Vehicle safety technologies
Advanced driver assistance systems |
```objective-c
#ifndef SRC_DEBUG_UTILS_H_
#define SRC_DEBUG_UTILS_H_
#if defined(NODE_WANT_INTERNALS) && NODE_WANT_INTERNALS
#include "async_wrap.h"
#include "env.h"
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
// Use FORCE_INLINE on functions that have a debug-category-enabled check first
// and then ideally only a single function call following it, to maintain
// performance for the common case (no debugging used).
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define FORCE_INLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
#define COLD_NOINLINE __attribute__((cold, noinline))
#else
#define FORCE_INLINE
#define COLD_NOINLINE
#endif
namespace node {
template <typename... Args>
inline void FORCE_INLINE Debug(Environment* env,
DebugCategory cat,
const char* format,
Args&&... args) {
if (!UNLIKELY(env->debug_enabled(cat)))
return;
fprintf(stderr, format, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
inline void FORCE_INLINE Debug(Environment* env,
DebugCategory cat,
const char* message) {
if (!UNLIKELY(env->debug_enabled(cat)))
return;
fprintf(stderr, "%s", message);
}
template <typename... Args>
inline void Debug(Environment* env,
DebugCategory cat,
const std::string& format,
Args&&... args) {
Debug(env, cat, format.c_str(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
// Used internally by the 'real' Debug(AsyncWrap*, ...) functions below, so that
// the FORCE_INLINE flag on them doesn't apply to the contents of this function
// as well.
// We apply COLD_NOINLINE to tell the compiler that it's not worth optimizing
// this function for speed and it should rather focus on keeping it out of
// hot code paths. In particular, we want to keep the string concatenating code
// out of the function containing the original `Debug()` call.
template <typename... Args>
void COLD_NOINLINE UnconditionalAsyncWrapDebug(AsyncWrap* async_wrap,
const char* format,
Args&&... args) {
Debug(async_wrap->env(),
static_cast<DebugCategory>(async_wrap->provider_type()),
async_wrap->diagnostic_name() + " " + format + "\n",
std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
template <typename... Args>
inline void FORCE_INLINE Debug(AsyncWrap* async_wrap,
const char* format,
Args&&... args) {
#ifdef DEBUG
CHECK_NOT_NULL(async_wrap);
#endif
DebugCategory cat =
static_cast<DebugCategory>(async_wrap->provider_type());
if (!UNLIKELY(async_wrap->env()->debug_enabled(cat)))
return;
UnconditionalAsyncWrapDebug(async_wrap, format, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
template <typename... Args>
inline void FORCE_INLINE Debug(AsyncWrap* async_wrap,
const std::string& format,
Args&&... args) {
Debug(async_wrap, format.c_str(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
// Debug helper for inspecting the currently running `node` executable.
class NativeSymbolDebuggingContext {
public:
static std::unique_ptr<NativeSymbolDebuggingContext> New();
class SymbolInfo {
public:
std::string name;
std::string filename;
size_t line = 0;
size_t dis = 0;
std::string Display() const;
};
NativeSymbolDebuggingContext() = default;
virtual ~NativeSymbolDebuggingContext() {}
virtual SymbolInfo LookupSymbol(void* address) { return {}; }
virtual bool IsMapped(void* address) { return false; }
virtual int GetStackTrace(void** frames, int count) { return 0; }
NativeSymbolDebuggingContext(const NativeSymbolDebuggingContext&) = delete;
NativeSymbolDebuggingContext(NativeSymbolDebuggingContext&&) = delete;
NativeSymbolDebuggingContext operator=(NativeSymbolDebuggingContext&)
= delete;
NativeSymbolDebuggingContext operator=(NativeSymbolDebuggingContext&&)
= delete;
static std::vector<std::string> GetLoadedLibraries();
};
// Variant of `uv_loop_close` that tries to be as helpful as possible
// about giving information on currently existing handles, if there are any,
// but still aborts the process.
void CheckedUvLoopClose(uv_loop_t* loop);
} // namespace node
#endif // defined(NODE_WANT_INTERNALS) && NODE_WANT_INTERNALS
#endif // SRC_DEBUG_UTILS_H_
``` |
Thomas Stephen Kenan (February 12, 1838 – December 23, 1911) was an American lawyer, Confederate soldier and politician. He served as the Attorney General of North Carolina in 1877–1885.
Early life
His parents were Sarah Rebecca Graham and Owen Rand Kenan; he was the grandson of U.S. Congressman Thomas Kenan and great-grandson of Revolutionary War general James Kenan. He started his education in Duplin County at Old Grove Academy in Kenansville, North Carolina (the town was named for his great-grandfather in 1818). He spent a year at Central Military Institute in Selma, Alabama and started his freshman year at Wake Forest College in 1853-1854, but then transferred to the University of North Carolina, where he graduated in 1857. He read law for two years with Judge Pearson at Richmond Hill; he started to practiced law in Kenansville in 1860. In 1859 he helped to organize the Duplin Rifles, a militia unit, in Kenansville. In April 1861 he was elected as a captain of the Duplin Rifles
Civil War
During the Civil War he served in the Confederate States Army. He was elected lieutenant colonel of the 43rd North Carolina Infantry Regiment in April 1862, and was promoted to colonel later that year. He was wounded on July 3, 1863 at the Battle of Gettysburg. While on an ambulance train, he and his older brother James Kenan were both captured; they were then imprisoned on Johnson's Island, Ohio. On March 22, 1865, he was released on parole. On his return home he was elected to the state legislature where he served from 1865 to 1867. Later that year he ran for the U.S. Congress and lost.
Postbellum
Kenan moved to Wilson, North Carolina in 1869, where he was a mayor in 1872–1876, and then he was elected North Carolina Attorney General, serving from 1877 to 1885.
He was active in community and civic affairs of Wilson and the state. He served as the president of State Bar Association of North Carolina, was a member of the board of trustees of the University of North Carolina, among others.
Family
In May 1868 he married Sarah "Sallie" Dortch (1845–1916), but they had no children;
References
External links
1838 births
1911 deaths
Confederate States Army officers
North Carolina Attorneys General
19th-century American politicians
Thomas
19th-century American businesspeople
American Civil War prisoners of war held by the United States |
Organic centralism is a method of political organisation advocated by party-orientated left communists, in particular the Italian Left. It was a concept advanced in The Lyons Theses (1926) in the context of the Third International:
"The communist parties must achieve an organic centralism which, whilst including maximum possible consultation with the base, ensures a spontaneous elimination of any grouping which aims to differentiate itself. This cannot be achieved with, as Lenin put it, the formal and mechanical prescriptions of a hierarchy, but through correct revolutionary politics."
"The repression of [factionalism] isn't a fundamental aspect of the evolution of the party, though preventing it is."
This text then argues that factionalism would be positive where it arises in response to the relapse of the party into opportunism, as particularly illustrated by the split between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. However Bordiga then argued that "bourgeois tendencies" are not manifested in factionalism, but "as a shrewd penetration stoking up unitary demagoguery and operating as a dictatorship from above".
The concept was put forward as against Bolshevisation.
"One negative effect of so-called Bolshevisation has been the replacing of conscious and thoroughgoing political elaboration inside the party, corresponding to significant progress towards a really compact centralism, with superficial and noisy agitation for mechanical formulas of unity for unity's sake, and discipline for discipline's sake.
This method causes damage to both the party and the proletariat in that it holds back the realisation of the «true» communist party. Once applied to several sections of the International it becomes itself a serious indication of latent opportunism. At the moment, there doesn't appear to be any international left opposition within the Comintern, but if the unfavourable factors we have mentioned worsen, the formation of such an opposition will be at the same time both a revolutionary necessity and a spontaneous reflex to the situation."(ibid)
The concept remains utilized by the International Communist Party, (ICP), which was formed in 1945.
"The meaning of unitarism and of organic centralism is that the party develops inside itself the organs suited to the various functions, which we call propaganda, proselytism, proletarian organisation, union work, etc., up to tomorrow, the armed organisation; but nothing can be inferred from the number of comrades destined for such functions, as on principle no comrade must be left out of any of them.".
The ICP also maintains that they regard themselves as providing an “anticipation of the future society” as, they claim, it constitutes "the synthesis of what a militant feels and lives".
Criticism
The socialist Adam Buick has argued that Bordiga's concept of Organic Separatism creates a technocratic elite which will become de facto controllers – and hence owners – of the totality of the means of production.
See also
Democratic centralism
References
Left communism
Bordigism |
qrpff is a Perl script created by Keith Winstein and Marc Horowitz of the MIT SIPB. It performs DeCSS in six or seven lines. The name itself is an encoding of "decss" in rot-13. The algorithm was rewritten 77 times to condense it down to six lines.
In fact, two versions of qrpff exist: a short version (6 lines) and a fast version (7 lines). Both appear below.
Short:
#!/usr/bin/perl
# 472-byte qrpff, Keith Winstein and Marc Horowitz <sipb-iap-dvd@mit.edu>
# MPEG 2 PS VOB file -> descrambled output on stdout.
# usage: perl -I <k1>:<k2>:<k3>:<k4>:<k5> qrpff
# where k1..k5 are the title key bytes in least to most-significant order
s''$/=\2048;while(<>){G=29;R=142;if((@a=unqT="C*",_)[20]&48){D=89;_=unqb24,qT,@
b=map{ord qB8,unqb8,qT,_^$a[--D]}@INC;s/...$/1$&/;Q=unqV,qb25,_;H=73;O=$b[4]<<9
|256|$b[3];Q=Q>>8^(P=(E=255)&(Q>>12^Q>>4^Q/8^Q))<<17,O=O>>8^(E&(F=(S=O>>14&7^O)
^S*8^S<<6))<<9,_=(map{U=_%16orE^=R^=110&(S=(unqT,"\xb\ntd\xbz\x14d")[_/16%8]);E
^=(72,@z=(64,72,G^=12*(U-2?0:S&17)),H^=_%64?12:0,@z)[_%8]}(16..271))[_]^((D>>=8
)+=P+(~F&E))for@a[128..$#a]}print+qT,@a}';s/[D-HO-U_]/\$$&/g;s/q/pack+/g;eval
Fast:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# 531-byte qrpff-fast, Keith Winstein and Marc Horowitz <sipb-iap-dvd@mit.edu>
# MPEG 2 PS VOB file on stdin -> descrambled output on stdout
# arguments: title key bytes in least to most-significant order
$_='while(read+STDIN,$_,2048){$a=29;$b=73;$c=142;$t=255;@t=map{$_%16or$t^=$c^=(
$m=(11,10,116,100,11,122,20,100)[$_/16%8])&110;$t^=(72,@z=(64,72,$a^=12*($_%16
-2?0:$m&17)),$b^=$_%64?12:0,@z)[$_%8]}(16..271);if((@a=unx"C*",$_)[20]&48){$h
=5;$_=unxb24,join"",@b=map{xB8,unxb8,chr($_^$a[--$h+84])}@ARGV;s/...$/1$&/;$
d=unxV,xb25,$_;$e=256|(ord$b[4])<<9|ord$b[3];$d=$d>>8^($f=$t&($d>>12^$d>>4^
$d^$d/8))<<17,$e=$e>>8^($t&($g=($q=$e>>14&7^$e)^$q*8^$q<<6))<<9,$_=$t[$_]^
(($h>>=8)+=$f+(~$g&$t))for@a[128..$#a]}print+x"C*",@a}';s/x/pack+/g;eval
The fast version is actually fast enough to decode a movie in real-time.
qrpff and related memorabilia was sold for $2,500 at The Algorithm Auction, the world's first auction of computer algorithms.
References
External links
qrpff (fast) explained
Gallery of CSS descramblers
Perl
Cryptography law
Digital rights management circumvention software |
François Alfonsi (born 14 September 1953) is a French politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2014 for the South-East France constituency. He was reelected to that position in May 2019.
Political career
Alfonsi has been a Corsican nationalist since the 1970s, and was elected in 1987 to the Corsican Assembly. He was Mayor of Osani from 2002 until 2020. He is currently a member of Femu a Corsica, after having been a member of the Party of the Corsican Nation (PNC).
In the 2009 European elections, Alfonsi was the second candidate on the Europe Écologie list in the South-East region, and was elected to the European Parliament. He was the second Corsican nationalist after Max Simeoni (Green, 1989–1994) to be elected to the European Parliament. Since 2021, he has been part of the Parliament's delegation to the EU-UK Parliamentary Assembly, which provides parliamentary oversight over the implementation of the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement.
In addition to his committee assignments, Alfonsi is a member of the European Parliament Intergroup on Traditional Minorities, National Communities and Languages.
References
External links
European Parliament – Your MEPs – François Alfonsi
1953 births
Living people
Politicians from Ajaccio
MEPs for South-East France 2009–2014
MEPs for France 2019–2024
Party of the Corsican Nation MEPs |
Kirsten Nesse (born 6 October 1995) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for SGS Essen.
References
1995 births
Living people
German women's footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Frauen-Bundesliga players
SGS Essen players |
The Meah Shearim Yeshiva and Talmud Torah is a yeshiva in the Meah Shearim quarter of Jerusalem. It was established in 1885.
The head of the yeshiva was Rabbi Yosef Gershon Horowitz, one of the leaders of the Mizrachi movement. During the British Mandate, the building served as the headquarters of Mizrahi in Jerusalem.
The study hall on the second floor has a magnificent painted ceiling with depictions of Jewish holy places, the Jewish holidays, biblical animals and memorials for the deceased. The artist, Yitzhak Beck, carried out the work on special scaffoldings built for him. The paintings have begun to deteriorate with age and efforts are being made to preserve them.
References
External links
Photographs
Exterior
Study Hall interior
Internal staircase
External view
Mea Shearim
Orthodox yeshivas in Jerusalem
Educational institutions established in 1885
1885 establishments in the Ottoman Empire |
```java
/*
* Entagged Audio Tag library
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
package org.jaudiotagger.audio.flac.metadatablock;
/**
* Padding Block
*
* <p>This block allows for an arbitrary amount of padding. The contents of a PADDING block have no meaning.
* This block is useful when it is known that metadata will be edited after encoding; the user can instruct the encoder
* to reserve a PADDING block of sufficient size so that when metadata is added, it will simply overwrite the padding
* (which is relatively quick) instead of having to insert it into the right place in the existing file
* (which would normally require rewriting the entire file).
*/
public class MetadataBlockDataPadding implements MetadataBlockData
{
private int length;
public MetadataBlockDataPadding(int length)
{
this.length = length;
}
public byte[] getBytes()
{
byte[] data = new byte[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
data[i] = 0;
}
return data;
}
public int getLength()
{
return length;
}
}
``` |
The 1909–10 season saw Rochdale become champions of the Lancshire Junior Cup. They also came 4th out of 20 in the Lancashire Combination Division 2 and reached the first qualifying round of the F.A. Cup.
Statistics
|}
Competitions
Lancashire Combination Division 2
F.A. Cup
Lancashire Junior Cup
Friendlies
References
Rochdale A.F.C. seasons
Rochdale |
Paweł Tomczyk (born 4 May 1998) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a forward for I liga club Polonia Warsaw.
Club career
On 20 July 2017 he was loaned to I liga side Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała.
In 2019, he was loaned to Piast Gliwice.
Career statistics
Club
1 Including Polish Super Cup.
Honours
Piast Gliwice
Ekstraklasa: 2018–19
Politehnica Iași
Liga II: 2022–23
Polonia Warsaw
II liga: 2022–23
References
1998 births
Footballers from Poznań
Living people
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Poland men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Lech Poznań II players
Lech Poznań players
Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała players
Piast Gliwice players
Stal Mielec players
Widzew Łódź players
CS Mioveni players
FC Politehnica Iași (2010) players
Polonia Warsaw players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
II liga players
III liga players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Polish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Polish expatriate sportspeople in Romania |
Sokikom (so-kee-kom) is a digital education program for elementary students to learn math through team-based games. Based in San Jose, CA, Sokikom was founded in 2008 by Snehal Patel.
Products
Math Learning Games
Sokikom's online math games are rooted in the nationally recognized standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Curriculum Focal Points for Grades PreK-8 and align to the Common Core Standards for grades k-5. Sokikom is designed as an adaptive learning experience.
Classroom Management
Teachers are able to award "Class Cash" to students individually using a computer, tablet, or mobile device. Students are then able to use these rewards in an online store to purchase items for their character/avatar.
Awards & Reviews
Sokikom received a 2011 BESSIE Award from ComputED Gazette, recognizing Sokikom's multiplayer math games in the category Best for Early Elementary Students. It was further recognized in the category Best Gaming & Adaptive Learning Company at the 2011 Education Innovation Summit at SkySong, the Arizona State University Scottsdale Innovation Center, and in 2011, received a Success Award from the Arizona Small Business Development Center Network (AZSBDC) for its contribution to the Arizona economy. The Association of Educational Publishers presented Sokikom with a Distinguished Achievement Award in the category of Mathematics Curriculum.
Sokikom Meaning/Origin
Sokikom links parts of the words “social” and “communal” with two k's, which, when backed against one another, look similar to the mathematical symbol for a natural join. Sokikom means joining “social” and “community” to improve learning.
Funding
The company was initially funded by grants from the Institute of Education Sciences, which is the main research arm of the U.S. Department of Education, and is currently funded by private investors.
References
Education companies of the United States |
Kristers Aparjods (born 24 February 1998) is a Latvian luger. He started competing in luge in 2006.
Career
He took the gold medal in the singles event in the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, where he was also selected as the flag bearer for the Latvians in the opening ceremony. He was also part of the Latvian team which won the team relay at the 2015 Junior World Championships in Lillehammer, and went on to take a silver in the singles at the 2016 Junior World Championships in Winterberg, Germany, and a gold in the singles on home ice at the 2017 Junior Worlds at Sigulda. He competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics, finishing 11th in the men's singles event and sixth as part of the Latvian team in the team relay.
Personal life
He is the son of luger Aiva Aparjode and the brother of luger Kendija Aparjode.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Latvian male lugers
Olympic lugers for Latvia
Lugers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Lugers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Latvia
Olympic medalists in luge
Youth Olympic gold medalists for Latvia
People from Sigulda
Lugers at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics
21st-century Latvian people |
Lake Lenthall is a lake created by the Lenthalls Dam in Duckinwilla, Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. As a result of a catchment, it takes a short time in moderate rain events to fill Lake Lenthall to 100% capacity.
History
The dam and lake were named after the pioneering family in the district. The dam was constructed in 1984 on the head waters of the Burrum River and raised by in 2007. In January 2013 due to heavy rain from ex Tropical Cyclone Oswald, the lake reached its highest recorded level of which was over the spillway.
The lake has a relatively small surface area of , an average depth of . Its main purpose is to supply for town water for Hervey Bay and surrounding townships within the Fraser Coast Region.
Fish stock
It is stocked with Australian native fish such as barramundi, bass, golden perch and silver perch under the Queensland Governments stocked impoundment permit scheme. Other aquatic species which inhabit the lake include spangled grunter, saratoga, Krefft's turtle, Flinders Ranges mogurnda, rainbow fish, fire tail gudgeon, long finned eel and many more. The lake is home to a myriad of reptiles, insects, bird life and mammals.
Angling
A Stocked Impoundment Permit is required to fish in the dam.
Other fauna
A significant black-breasted buttonquails reside within the dry vine rain forests on the ridges overlooking Lake Lenthall.
See also
List of dams and reservoirs in Australia
References
External links
Lenthalls Dam / Lake Lenthall Fishing & Boating Information
Reservoirs in Queensland
Dams completed in 1984
Wide Bay–Burnett
Dams in Queensland
Fraser Coast Region |
A virtual keyboard is a software component that allows the input of characters without the need for physical keys. The interaction with the virtual keyboard happens mostly via a touchscreen interface, but can also take place in a different form in virtual or augmented reality.
Types
On a desktop computer, a virtual keyboard might provide an alternative input mechanism for users with disabilities who cannot use a conventional keyboard, for bi- or multi-lingual users who switch frequently between different character sets or alphabets, which may be confusing over time, or for users who are lacking a traditional keyboard. Although hardware keyboards are available with dual keyboard layouts (e.g. Cyrillic/Latin letters in various national layouts), the on-screen keyboard provides a handy substitute while working at different stations or on laptops, which seldom come with dual layouts.
Virtual keyboards can be categorized by the following aspects:
Virtual keyboards with touchscreen keyboard layouts or sensing areas
Character variants, punctuation, and other special characters accessible through a menu and through holding buttons
Keyboard software may include a number pad feature to facilitate typing numbers.
Optically projected keyboard layouts or similar arrangements of "keys" or sensing areas
Optically detected human hand and finger motions
Online virtual keyboards for multiple languages that don't require OS settings change
Depending on which device the keyboard is used (desktop / mobile / virtual reality / augmented reality)
On the Internet, various JavaScript virtual keyboards have been created, allowing users to type their own languages on foreign keyboards, particularly in Internet cafes. Multitouch screens allow the possibility to create virtual chorded keyboards for tablet computers, touchscreens, touchpads and wired gloves.
Mobile devices
Virtual keyboards are commonly used as an on-screen input method in devices with no physical keyboard, where there is no room for one, such as a pocket computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer or touchscreen-equipped mobile phone. Text is commonly inputted either by tapping a virtual keyboard or finger-tracing. Virtual keyboards are also used as features of emulation software for systems that have fewer buttons than a computer keyboard would have.
Historical development
PDA
The four main approaches to enter text into a PDA were: virtual keyboards operated by a stylus, external USB keyboards, handwritten keyboards, and stroke recognition. Many early PDAs were not primarily focused on virtual keyboards. Microsoft's mobile operating system approach was to simulate a complete functional keyboard, which resulted in a slightly overloaded keyboard layout. The main problem that early PDAs faced was support for multi-touch technology, and as a result, usability problems for the user.
First iPhone
When Apple presented the first iPhone in 2007, the decision not to include a physical keyboard was seen as a detriment to the device. But Apple brought the multi-touch technology into their new device, which enabled them to overcome the usability problems of PDAs. Apple's virtual keyboard design pattern has become a standard on mobile devices today.
Implementation and use
Both most common mobile operating systems, Android and iOS, give the developer community the possibility to individually develop custom virtual keyboards.
Android
The Android SDK provides a so-called InputMethodService. This service provides a standard implementation of an input method, which final implementations can derive from and customize, enabling the Android development community to implement their own keyboard layouts. The InputMethodService ships with it on Keyboard View. While the InputMethod Service can be used to customize key and gesture inputs, the Keyboard Class loads an XML description of a keyboard and stores the attributes of the keys.
As a result, it is possible to install different keyboard versions on an Android device, and that the keyboard is only an application, most frequently downloaded among them being Gboard and SwiftKey; a simple activation over the Android settings menu is possible.
iOS
Apple also provides the possibility for the community to develop custom keyboards, but does not give any access to the dictionary or general keyboard settings. Further iOS is automatically switching between system and custom keyboards, if the user enters text into the text input field.
The UIInputViewController is the primary view controller for a custom keyboard app extension. This controller provides different methods for the implementation of a custom keyboard, such as a user interface for a custom keyboard, obtaining a supplementary lexicon or changing the primary language of a custom keyboard.
Text entry performance
Next to the classic virtual keyboard implementation Android, iOS and custom keyboards, such as SwiftKey for example, are providing different features to improve the usability and the efficiency of their keyboards.
Autocorrection and spelling checker
The Android platform offers a spelling checker framework that offers the possibility to implement and access spell checking in the application itself. The framework is one of the Text Service APIs offered by the Android platform. Based on provided text, the session object returns spelling suggestions generated by the spelling checker.
iOS is using the class UITextChecker, an object used to check a string (usually the text of a document) for misspelled words, commonly known as Apple's autocorrection. UITextChecker spell-checks are using a lexicon for a given language. It can be told to ignore specific words when spell-checking a particular document and it can learn new words, which adds those words to the lexicon.
Users may be able to add a custom dictionary of whitelisted terms that are treated by auto correction as usual words, and specify "aliases" or "text shortcuts", where entering a specified text string causes it to get replaced with a target text string, or the target text string appears as suggestion. The former means they are not replaced with other terms but may be corrected to from other terms. It may be possible to exclude unwanted existing suggestions.
Word suggestions
Diverse scientific papers at the beginning of the 2000s showed even before the invention of smart phones, that predicting words, based on what the user is typing, is very helpful to increase the typing speed. At the beginning of development of this keyboard feature, prediction was mainly based on static dictionaries. Google implemented the predicting method in 2013 in Android 4.4. This development was mainly driven by third party keyboard providers, such as SwiftKey and Swype. Both provide powerful word search engine with corresponding databases. In 2014 Apple presented iOS 8 which includes a new predictive typing feature called QuickType, which displays word predictions above the keyboard as the user types.
Gesture typing
iOS and Android allow developers to replace its keyboard with their own keyboard apps. This has led to experimentation and new features, like the gesture-typing feature that's made its way into Android's official keyboard after proving itself in third-party keyboards. Research by Google itself confirmed that gesture-typing is increasing the typing rate by 22% and is decreasing the error rate near to 0%. Google further showed that the gesture-typing method is also useful on smart watches. Their scientific research is primarily based on research made by I. Scott MacKenzie and papers about modeling finger touch with fitts' law.
Haptic feedback
Haptic feedback provides for tactile confirmation that a key has been successfully triggered i.e. the user hears and feels a "click" as a key is pressed. Utilising hysteresis, the feel of a physical key can be emulated to an even greater degree. In this case, there is an initial "click" that is heard and felt as the virtual key is pressed down, but then as finger pressure is reduced once the key is triggered, there is a further "unclick" sound and sensation as if a physical key is respringing back to its original unclicked state. This behaviour is explained in Aleks Oniszczak & Scott Mackenzie's 2004 paper "A Comparison of Two Input Methods for Keypads on Mobile Devices" which first introduced haptic feedback with hysteresis on a virtual keyboard.
Special keyboard types
Keyboards are needed in different digital areas. Not only smartphones need a virtual keyboards, also devices which create virtual worlds, for example virtual reality or augmented reality glasses, need to provide text input possibilities.
Optical virtual keyboard
An optical virtual keyboard was invented and patented by IBM engineers in 1992. It optically detects and analyses human hand and finger motions and interprets them as operations on a physically non-existent input device like a surface having painted keys. In that way it allows to emulate unlimited types of manually operated input devices such as a mouse or keyboard. All mechanical input units can be replaced by such virtual devices, optimized for the current application and for the user's physiology maintaining speed, simplicity and unambiguity of manual data input.
Augmented reality keyboards
The basic idea of a virtual keyboard in an augmented reality environment is to give the user a text input possibility. A common approach is to render a flat keyboard into the augmented reality, e.g. using the Unity TouchScreenKeyboard. The Microsoft HoloLens enables the user to point at letters on the keyboard by moving his head.
Another approach was researched by the Korean KJIST U-VR Lab in 2003. Their suggestion was to use wearables to track the finger motion to replace a physical keyboards with virtual ones. They also tried to give an audiovisual feedback to the user, when a key got hit. The basic idea was to give the user a more natural way to enter text, based on what he is used to.
The Magic Leap 1 from Magic Leap implements a virtual keyboard with augmented reality.
Virtual reality keyboards
The challenges, as in augmented reality, is to give the user the possibility to enter text in a completely virtual environment. One big issue is that most augmented reality systems on the market are not tracking the hands of the user. So many available system provide the possibility to point at letters.
In September 2016, Google released a virtual keyboard app for their Daydream virtual reality headset. To enter text, the user can point at specific letters with the Daydream controller.
In February 2017, Logitech presented experimental approach to bring their keyboards into the virtual environment. With the Vive Tracker and the Logitech G gaming keyboard it is possible to exactly track every finger movement, without wearing any type of glove. 50 of such packages were send to exclusive developers, enabling them, in combination of Logitech's BRIDGE developers kit, to test and experiment with the new technology.
Security considerations
Virtual keyboards may be used in some cases to reduce the risk of keystroke logging. For example, Westpac's online banking service uses a virtual keyboard for the password entry, as does TreasuryDirect (see picture). It is more difficult for malware to monitor the display and mouse to obtain the data entered via the virtual keyboard, than it is to monitor real keystrokes. However it is possible, for example by recording screenshots at regular intervals or upon each mouse click.
The use of an on-screen keyboard on which the user "types" with mouse clicks can increase the risk of password disclosure by shoulder surfing, because:
An observer can typically watch the screen more easily (and less suspiciously) than the keyboard, and see which characters the mouse moves to.
Some implementations of the on-screen keyboard may give visual feedback of the "key" clicked, e.g. by changing its colour briefly. This makes it much easier for an observer to read the data from the screen. In the worst case, the implementation may leave the focus on the most recently clicked "key" until the next virtual key is clicked, thus allowing the observer time to read each character even after the mouse starts moving to the next character.
A user may not be able to "point and click" as fast as they could type on a keyboard, thus making it easier for the observer.
See also
Caldera SoftKeyboards (1997)
Ease of Access
Finger Touching Cell Phone
Input method
Mouse keys
Multi-touch
Notes
External links
Assistive technology
Computer keyboard types
Pointing-device text input
Touch user interfaces |
The Juneau School District (sometimes referred to as the Juneau Borough School District) is a school district in Juneau, Alaska. Its office is located in Downtown Juneau.
As of 2003 the Juneau School District's total enrollment was around 5,500 students.
Schools
Elementary (primary)
Auke Bay Elementary School
Gastineau Community School
Glacier Valley Elementary School
Harborview Elementary School
Riverbend Elementary School
Juneau Community Charter School
Mendenhall River Community School
Middle schools (junior high)
Dzantik'i Heeni Middle School
Floyd Dryden Middle School
High schools (secondary)
Juneau-Douglas High School
Thunder Mountain High School
Yaaḵoosgé Daakahídi Alternative High School
Special programs
HomeBRIDGE (homeschooling)
Montessori Borealis (elementary 1-6th grade & adolescence 7-8th grade)
See also
List of school districts in Alaska
Notes
Gastineau Community School is also known as Gastineau Elementary School. The school is called Gastineau Elementary School on the list of schools located on the district website and called Gastineau Community School by the school website.
References
External links
Education in Juneau, Alaska
School districts in Alaska |
The Clay Butte Lookout is a forest fire lookout in Park County, Wyoming. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
It is located in the northern Absaroka Range in the Shoshone National Forest about sixteen miles east of Yellowstone National Park and about four miles south of the Wyoming-Montana state border. It is about one half mile north of U.S. Highway 212, at the end of FS Rd. 142 which winds up to it.
Its construction was started in 1941 within the Civilian Conservation Corps program, but the CCC was closed before it was completed in 1943. It is a three-story wood-sided structure built out of eight inch by eight inch beams. It is tall.
It is near Clark, Wyoming.
References
Rustic architecture in Wyoming
Shoshone National Forest
National Register of Historic Places in Park County, Wyoming |
```smalltalk
// Xavalon. All rights reserved.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Xavalon.XamlStyler.Options;
namespace Xavalon.XamlStyler.Console
{
public sealed class XamlStylerConsole
{
private static readonly string[] SupportedPatterns = { "*.xaml", "*.axaml" };
private static readonly string[] SupportedExtensions = { ".xaml", ".axaml" };
private readonly CommandLineOptions options;
private readonly Logger logger;
private readonly StylerService stylerService;
public XamlStylerConsole(CommandLineOptions options, Logger logger)
{
this.options = options;
this.logger = logger;
IStylerOptions stylerOptions = new StylerOptions();
if (this.options.Configuration != null)
{
stylerOptions = this.LoadConfiguration(this.options.Configuration);
}
this.ApplyOptionOverrides(options, stylerOptions);
this.stylerService = new StylerService(stylerOptions, new XamlLanguageOptions
{
IsFormatable = true
});
}
private void ApplyOptionOverrides(CommandLineOptions options, IStylerOptions stylerOptions)
{
if (options.IndentSize != null)
{
stylerOptions.IndentSize = options.IndentSize.Value;
}
if (options.IndentWithTabs != null)
{
stylerOptions.IndentWithTabs = options.IndentWithTabs.Value;
}
if (options.AttributesTolerance != null)
{
stylerOptions.AttributesTolerance = options.AttributesTolerance.Value;
}
if (options.KeepFirstAttributeOnSameLine != null)
{
stylerOptions.KeepFirstAttributeOnSameLine = options.KeepFirstAttributeOnSameLine.Value;
}
if (options.MaxAttributeCharactersPerLine != null)
{
stylerOptions.MaxAttributeCharactersPerLine = options.MaxAttributeCharactersPerLine.Value;
}
if (options.MaxAttributesPerLine != null)
{
stylerOptions.MaxAttributesPerLine = options.MaxAttributesPerLine.Value;
}
if (options.NoNewLineElements != null)
{
stylerOptions.NoNewLineElements = options.NoNewLineElements;
}
if (options.PutAttributeOrderRuleGroupsOnSeparateLines != null)
{
stylerOptions.PutAttributeOrderRuleGroupsOnSeparateLines = options.PutAttributeOrderRuleGroupsOnSeparateLines.Value;
}
if (options.AttributeIndentation != null)
{
stylerOptions.AttributeIndentation = options.AttributeIndentation.Value;
}
if (options.AttributeIndentationStyle != null)
{
stylerOptions.AttributeIndentationStyle = options.AttributeIndentationStyle.Value;
}
if (options.RemoveDesignTimeReferences != null)
{
stylerOptions.RemoveDesignTimeReferences = options.RemoveDesignTimeReferences.Value;
}
if (options.EnableAttributeReordering != null)
{
stylerOptions.EnableAttributeReordering = options.EnableAttributeReordering.Value;
}
if (options.FirstLineAttributes != null)
{
stylerOptions.FirstLineAttributes = options.FirstLineAttributes;
}
if (options.OrderAttributesByName != null)
{
stylerOptions.OrderAttributesByName = options.OrderAttributesByName.Value;
}
if (options.PutEndingBracketOnNewLine != null)
{
stylerOptions.PutEndingBracketOnNewLine = options.PutEndingBracketOnNewLine.Value;
}
if (options.RemoveEndingTagOfEmptyElement != null)
{
stylerOptions.RemoveEndingTagOfEmptyElement = options.RemoveEndingTagOfEmptyElement.Value;
}
if (options.RootElementLineBreakRule != null)
{
stylerOptions.RootElementLineBreakRule = options.RootElementLineBreakRule.Value;
}
if (options.ReorderVSM != null)
{
stylerOptions.ReorderVSM = options.ReorderVSM.Value;
}
if (options.ReorderGridChildren != null)
{
stylerOptions.ReorderGridChildren = options.ReorderGridChildren.Value;
}
if (options.ReorderCanvasChildren != null)
{
stylerOptions.ReorderCanvasChildren = options.ReorderCanvasChildren.Value;
}
if (options.ReorderSetters != null)
{
stylerOptions.ReorderSetters = options.ReorderSetters.Value;
}
if (options.FormatMarkupExtension != null)
{
stylerOptions.FormatMarkupExtension = options.FormatMarkupExtension.Value;
}
if (options.NoNewLineMarkupExtensions != null)
{
stylerOptions.NoNewLineMarkupExtensions = options.NoNewLineMarkupExtensions;
}
if (options.ThicknessStyle != null)
{
stylerOptions.ThicknessStyle = options.ThicknessStyle.Value;
}
if (options.ThicknessAttributes != null)
{
stylerOptions.ThicknessAttributes = options.ThicknessAttributes;
}
if (options.CommentSpaces != null)
{
stylerOptions.CommentSpaces = options.CommentSpaces.Value;
}
}
public void Process(ProcessType processType)
{
int successCount = 0;
IList<string> files;
switch (processType)
{
case ProcessType.File:
files = this.options.File;
break;
case ProcessType.Directory:
SearchOption searchOption = this.options.IsRecursive
? SearchOption.AllDirectories
: SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly;
if (File.GetAttributes(this.options.Directory).HasFlag(FileAttributes.Directory))
{
var directoryFiles = new List<string>();
foreach (var pattern in SupportedPatterns)
{
directoryFiles.AddRange(Directory.GetFiles(
this.options.Directory,
pattern,
searchOption));
}
files = directoryFiles;
}
else
{
files = new List<string>();
}
break;
default:
throw new ArgumentException("Invalid ProcessType");
}
foreach (string file in files)
{
if (this.TryProcessFile(file))
{
successCount++;
}
}
if (this.options.IsPassive)
{
this.Log($"\n{successCount} of {files.Count} files pass format check.", LogLevel.Minimal);
if (successCount != files.Count)
{
Environment.Exit(1);
}
}
else
{
this.Log($"\nProcessed {successCount} of {files.Count} files.", LogLevel.Minimal);
}
}
private bool TryProcessFile(string file)
{
this.Log($"{(this.options.IsPassive ? "Checking" : "Processing")}: {file}");
if (!this.options.Ignore)
{
string extension = Path.GetExtension(file);
this.Log($"Extension: {extension}", LogLevel.Debug);
if (!SupportedExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
this.Log($"Skipping... Can only process {string.Join(',', SupportedExtensions)} files. Use the --ignore parameter to override.");
return false;
}
}
string path = Path.GetFullPath(file);
this.Log($"Full Path: {file}", LogLevel.Debug);
// If the options already has a configuration file set, we don't need to go hunting for one
string configurationPath = String.IsNullOrEmpty(this.options.Configuration) ? this.GetConfigurationFromPath(path) : null;
string originalContent = null;
Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8; // Visual Studio by default uses UTF8
try
{
using (var reader = new StreamReader(path))
{
originalContent = reader.ReadToEnd();
encoding = reader.CurrentEncoding;
this.Log($"\nOriginal Content:\n\n{originalContent}\n", LogLevel.Insanity);
}
}
catch
{
this.Log($"Skipping... Invalid file.");
return false;
}
string formattedOutput = String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(configurationPath)
? this.stylerService.StyleDocument(originalContent)
: new StylerService(this.LoadConfiguration(configurationPath), new XamlLanguageOptions()
{
IsFormatable = true
}).StyleDocument(originalContent);
if (this.options.IsPassive)
{
if (formattedOutput.Equals(originalContent, StringComparison.Ordinal))
{
this.Log($" PASS");
}
else
{
// Fail fast in passive mode when detecting a file where formatting rules were not followed.
this.Log($" FAIL");
return false;
}
}
else if (this.options.WriteToStdout)
{
var prevEncoding = System.Console.OutputEncoding;
try
{
System.Console.OutputEncoding = encoding;
System.Console.Write(encoding.GetString(encoding.GetPreamble()));
System.Console.Write(formattedOutput);
}
finally
{
System.Console.OutputEncoding = prevEncoding;
}
}
else
{
this.Log($"\nFormatted Output:\n\n{formattedOutput}\n", LogLevel.Insanity);
// Only modify the file on disk if the content would be changed
if (!formattedOutput.Equals(originalContent, StringComparison.Ordinal))
{
using var writer = new StreamWriter(path, false, encoding);
try
{
writer.Write(formattedOutput);
this.Log($"Finished Processing: {file}", LogLevel.Verbose);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
this.Log("Skipping... Error formatting XAML. Increase log level for more details.");
this.Log($"Exception: {e.Message}", LogLevel.Verbose);
this.Log($"StackTrace: {e.StackTrace}", LogLevel.Debug);
}
}
else
{
this.Log($"Finished Processing (unmodified): {file}", LogLevel.Verbose);
}
}
return true;
}
private IStylerOptions LoadConfiguration(string path)
{
var stylerOptions = new StylerOptions(path);
this.Log(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(stylerOptions), LogLevel.Insanity);
this.Log(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(stylerOptions.AttributeOrderingRuleGroups), LogLevel.Debug);
return stylerOptions;
}
private string GetConfigurationFromPath(string path)
{
try
{
if (String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
{
return null;
}
bool isSolutionRoot = false;
while (!isSolutionRoot && ((path = Path.GetDirectoryName(path)) != null))
{
isSolutionRoot = Directory.Exists(Path.Combine(path, ".vs"));
this.Log($"In solution root: {isSolutionRoot}", LogLevel.Debug);
string configFile = Path.Combine(path, "Settings.XamlStyler");
this.Log($"Looking in: {path}", LogLevel.Debug);
if (File.Exists(configFile))
{
this.Log($"Configuration Found: {configFile}", LogLevel.Verbose);
return configFile;
}
}
}
catch
{
}
return null;
}
private void Log(string line, LogLevel logLevel = LogLevel.Default)
{
this.logger.Log(line, logLevel);
}
}
}
``` |
```smalltalk
using iTuner;
using Microsoft.Win32;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Management.Automation;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using wintogo.Forms;
using wintogo.Utility;
namespace wintogo
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
bool autoCheckUpdate = true;
private Thread tWrite;
Stopwatch writeSw = new Stopwatch();
private int udSizeInMB = 0;
private readonly string releaseUrl = "path_to_url";
List<Control> formControlList = new List<Control>();
bool useiso = false;
string isoPath = string.Empty;
public Form1()
{
Config.ReadConfigFile(ref autoCheckUpdate);
InitializeComponent();
}
private void SystemDetection(bool isInitialization)
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = false;
if (!GetDotNetVersion.IsCorrectVersion())
{
ErrorMsg em = new ErrorMsg(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_DotnetVersionError"), true);
em.ShowDialog();
Environment.Exit(0);
}
string osVersionStr = Environment.OSVersion.ToString();
if (osVersionStr.Contains("6.1"))//WIN7
{
ErrorMsg em = new ErrorMsg("Windows7" + Environment.NewLine + "Windows7 is no longer supported!", false);
em.ShowDialog();
Environment.Exit(0);
checkBoxUefigpt.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled = true;
radiobtnLegacy.Enabled = true;
labelDisFunc.Visible = true;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = false;
WTGModel.CurrentOS = OS.Win7;
tabPageBackup.Parent = null;
}
else if (osVersionStr.Contains("6.2") || osVersionStr.Contains("6.3"))//WIN8
{
radiobtnLegacy.Enabled = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = true;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefigpt.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled = true;
//WIN8.1 UPDATE1 WIMBOOT WIN10
try
{
string dismversion = FileOperation.GetFileVersion(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir") + "\\System32\\dism.exe");
WTGModel.dismversion = new Version(Regex.Match(dismversion, @"[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+").Value);
if (dismversion.Substring(0, 14) == "6.3.9600.17031" || dismversion.Substring(0, 3) == "6.4")
{
radiobtnLegacy.Enabled = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = true;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefigpt.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled = true;
//checkBoxWimboot.Enabled = true;
WTGModel.allowEsd = true;
labelDisFunc.Visible = true;
//labelDisFuncEM.Visible = true;
WTGModel.CurrentOS = OS.Win8_1_with_update;
}
else if (dismversion.Substring(0, 3) == "10.")
{
radiobtnLegacy.Enabled = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = true;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefigpt.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled = true;
//checkBoxWimboot.Enabled = true;
//checkBoxCompactOS.Enabled = true;
WTGModel.allowEsd = true;
WTGModel.CurrentOS = OS.Win10;
}
else
{
radiobtnLegacy.Enabled = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = true;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefigpt.Enabled = true;
checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled = true;
WTGModel.CurrentOS = OS.Win8_without_update;
}
//radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ErrorMsg em = new ErrorMsg(ex.Message, true);
em.Show();
}
}
}
#region MenuItemClick/Miscellaneous
private void linkLabel1_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
WebUtility.VisitWeb("path_to_url");
}
private void linkLabel2_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
string adLink = linkLabel2.Tag as string;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(adLink)) WebUtility.VisitWeb(adLink);
}
private void ITToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
WebUtility.VisitWeb("path_to_url");
}
private void checkBoxuefi_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBoxUefimbr.Checked && checkBoxUefigpt.Checked)
{
checkBoxUefimbr.Checked = false;
checkBoxUefigpt.Checked = true;
}
if (checkBoxUefigpt.Checked || checkBoxUefimbr.Checked)
{
checkBoxDiskpart.Checked = true;
}
checkBoxDiskpart.Enabled = !checkBoxUefigpt.Checked;
//checkBoxDiskpart.Checked = checkBoxUefigpt.Checked;
if (checkBoxBitlocker.Checked)
{
radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = false;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = false;
}
if ((checkBoxUefigpt.Checked || checkBoxUefimbr.Checked) && !radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked)
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = true;
}
else
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Checked = false;
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = false;
}
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
WebUtility.VisitWeb("path_to_url");
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
WebUtility.VisitWeb("path_to_url");
}
private void diskpartToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//MsgManager.getResString("Msg_chooseud")
if (comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex == 0) { MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_chooseud", MsgManager.ci)); return; }
//WTGModel.ud = comboBoxUd.SelectedItem.ToString().Substring(0, 2) + "\\";//
//MsgManager.getResString("Msg_XPNotCOMP")
//XP
//MsgManager.getResString("Msg_ClearPartition")
//
if (System.Environment.OSVersion.ToString().Contains("5.1") || System.Environment.OSVersion.ToString().Contains("5.2")) { MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_chooseud", MsgManager.ci)); return; }
if (DialogResult.No == MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_ClearPartition", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_warning", MsgManager.ci), MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning)) { return; }
//if (DialogResult.No == MessageBox.Show("", "", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning)) { return; }
//Msg_Complete
try
{
int targetIndex = int.Parse(WTGModel.UdObj.Index);
DiskOperation.RepartitionAndAutoAssignDriveLetter(WTGModel.UdObj.Index);
//DiskOperation.DiskPartRePartitionUD(WTGModel.partitionSize);
//diskPart();
FormHelper.Closewp();
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_Complete", MsgManager.ci));
comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex = 0;
GetUdiskList.GetUdiskInfo();
//Console.WriteLine(GetUdiskList.diskCollection[targetIndex]);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.WriteLog("Err_Exception", ex.ToString());
ErrorMsg em = new ErrorMsg(ex.Message, true);
em.Show();
}
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Process.Start(Application.StartupPath);
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
AboutBox abx = new AboutBox();
abx.Show();
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
SWOnline swo = new SWOnline(releaseUrl);
Thread threadUpdate = new Thread(swo.Update);
threadUpdate.Start();
//
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_UpdateTip", MsgManager.ci));
}
private void checkBoxdiskpart_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBoxDiskpart.Checked)
{
if (checkBoxNoFormat.Checked)
{
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_SelectBothNoformatAndRepartition", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_warning", MsgManager.ci), MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
checkBoxDiskpart.Checked = false;
return;
}
//Msg_Repartition
//MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_Repartition", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_warning", MsgManager.ci), MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
WTGModel.doNotFormat = false;
//checkBoxDoNotFormat.Checked = false;
//checkBoxDoNotFormat.Enabled = false;
}
else
{
//checkBoxDoNotFormat.Enabled = true;
}
}
private void comboBox1_MouseHover(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
toolTip1.SetToolTip(this.comboBoxUd, comboBoxUd.SelectedItem.ToString()); ;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.WriteLog("Err_comboBox1_MouseHover", ex.ToString());
}
}
private void bOOTICEToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Process.Start(WTGModel.applicationFilesPath + "\\BOOTICE.EXE");
}
private void toolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Process.Start(WTGModel.logPath);
}
private void checkBoxuefimbr_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBoxUefigpt.Checked && checkBoxUefimbr.Checked) { checkBoxUefigpt.Checked = false; checkBoxUefimbr.Checked = true; }
if (checkBoxUefimbr.Checked) { WTGModel.disableWinRe = true; }
if (checkBoxUefimbr.Checked)
{
checkBoxDiskpart.Checked = true;
}
checkBoxDiskpart.Enabled = !checkBoxUefimbr.Checked;
if (checkBoxBitlocker.Checked)
{
radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = false;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = false;
}
if ((checkBoxUefigpt.Checked || checkBoxUefimbr.Checked) && !radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked)
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = true;
}
else
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Checked = false;
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = false;
}
}
private void toolStripMenuItem3_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (toolStripMenuItem3.Checked)
{
IniFile.WriteVal("Main", "AutoUpdate", "1", Config.settingFilePath);
}
else
{
IniFile.WriteVal("Main", "AutoUpdate", "0", Config.settingFilePath);
}
}
private void toolStripMenuItem4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
WebUtility.VisitWeb("path_to_url");
}
private void englishToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (DialogResult.No == MessageBox.Show("This program will restart,continue?", "Question", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk)) { return; }
IniFile.WriteVal("Main", "Language", "EN", Config.settingFilePath);
Application.Restart();
}
private void chineseSimpleToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (DialogResult.No == MessageBox.Show("", "", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk)) { return; }
IniFile.WriteVal("Main", "Language", "ZH-HANS", Config.settingFilePath);
Application.Restart();
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (DialogResult.No == MessageBox.Show("", "", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Asterisk)) { return; }
IniFile.WriteVal("Main", "Language", "ZH-HANT", Config.settingFilePath);
Application.Restart();
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex == 0) { MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_chooseud", MsgManager.ci)); return; }
WTGModel.ud = comboBoxUd.SelectedItem.ToString().Substring(0, 2) + "\\";//
string vhdPath = string.Empty;
if (File.Exists(vhdPath = WTGModel.ud + "win8.vhd") || File.Exists(vhdPath = WTGModel.ud + "win8.vhdx"))
{
VHDOperation vo = new VHDOperation();
vo.AttachVHD(vhdPath);
ImageOperation.Fixletter("C:", "V:");
vo.DetachVHD();
}
else
{
ImageOperation.Fixletter("C:", WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2));
}
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_Complete", MsgManager.ci));
}
#endregion
#region UserControls
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Graphics graphics = CreateGraphics();
float dpiX = graphics.DpiX;
Width = (int)(720 * (dpiX / 96.0));
toolStripMenuItem3.Checked = autoCheckUpdate;
FileInitialization.FileValidation();
ReadPerference();
SystemDetection(true);
Thread autodetectWim = new Thread(AutoDetectInstallWim);
autodetectWim.Start();
//linkLabel7_LinkClicked(null, null);
SWOnline swo = new SWOnline(releaseUrl);
swo.TopicLink = WriteProgress.topicLink;
swo.TopicName = WriteProgress.topicName;
swo.Linklabel = linkLabel2;
int currentRevision = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version.Revision;
if (currentRevision == 9)
{
Text += "Preview Bulit:" + File.GetLastWriteTime(GetType().Assembly.Location);
}
else
{
Text += Application.ProductVersion;
if (currentRevision == 0)
{
if (autoCheckUpdate)
{
Thread threadUpdate = new Thread(swo.Update);
threadUpdate.Start();
}
Thread threadShowad = new Thread(swo.Showad);
threadShowad.Start();
}
}
//Thread threadReport = new Thread(swo.Report);
//threadReport.Start();
GetUdiskList.LoadUDList(comboBoxUd);
comboBoxParts.Items.Clear();
comboBoxParts.Items.Add("");
comboBoxParts.SelectedIndex = 0;
comboBoxVhdPartitionType.SelectedIndex = 1;
comboBoxGb.SelectedIndex = 1;
radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
//txtVhdTempPath.text
}
private void ReadPerference()
{
txtwim.Text = ReadSet("WimPath");
//foreach (Control item in tabPage2.Controls)
//{
// formControlList.Add(item);
//}
foreach (Control item in tabPageCommon.Controls)
{
formControlList.Add(item);
}
foreach (var item in formControlList)
{
if (item.GetType() == typeof(CheckBox))
{
string val = ReadSet(((CheckBox)item).Name);
if (val == "True")
{
((CheckBox)item).Checked = true;
}
else if (val == "False")
{
((CheckBox)item).Checked = false;
}
}
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
if (tWrite != null && tWrite.IsAlive)
{
if (DialogResult.No == MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_WritingAbort", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_warning", MsgManager.ci), MessageBoxButtons.YesNo))
{
return;
}
tWrite.Abort();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.WriteLog("Msg_WriteProcessing", ex.ToString());
}
if (radiobtnLegacy.Checked)
{
WTGModel.CheckedMode = ApplyMode.Legacy;
}
else
{
if (radioButtonVHD.Checked)
{
WTGModel.CheckedMode = ApplyMode.VHD;
}
else
{
WTGModel.CheckedMode = ApplyMode.VHDX;
}
}
AssignUDVariable();
WTGModel.isBitlocker = checkBoxBitlocker.Checked;
WTGModel.isWimBoot = false;
WTGModel.isBlockLocalDisk = checkBoxSan_policy.Checked;
//WTGModel.imageFilePath = txtwim.Text;
WTGModel.isCompactOS = false;
if (comboBoxGb.SelectedIndex == 1)
{
WTGModel.userSetSize = (int)numericUpDown1.Value * 1024;
}
else if (comboBoxGb.SelectedIndex == 2)
{
WTGModel.userSetSize = (int)numericUpDown1.Value * 1024 * 1024;
}
else
{
WTGModel.userSetSize = (int)numericUpDown1.Value;
}
WTGModel.rePartition = checkBoxDiskpart.Checked;
WTGModel.isFixedVHD = checkBoxFixed.Checked;
WTGModel.isUefiGpt = checkBoxUefigpt.Checked;
WTGModel.isUefiMbr = checkBoxUefimbr.Checked;
//WTGModel.isNoTemp = checkBoxNotemp.Checked;
WTGModel.ntfsUefiSupport = true;
WTGModel.doNotFormat = checkBoxNoFormat.Checked;
WTGModel.vhdNameWithoutExt = txtVhdNameWithoutExt.Text;
WTGModel.installDonet35 = checkBoxDonet.Checked;
//WTGModel.fixLetter = checkBoxFixLetter.Checked;
WTGModel.noDefaultDriveLetter = checkBoxNoDefaultLetter.Checked;
WTGModel.disableWinRe = checkBoxDisWinre.Checked;
WTGModel.disableUasp = checkBoxDisUasp.Checked;
WTGModel.efiPartitionSize = txtEfiSize.Text;
//MessageBox.Show(comboBoxVhdPartitionType.SelectedIndex.ToString());
WTGModel.vhdPartitionType = comboBoxVhdPartitionType.SelectedIndex;
//WTGModel.vhdTempPath = txtVhdTempPath.Text;
WTGModel.partitionSize = new string[3];
WTGModel.partitionSize[0] = txtPartitionSize1.Text;
WTGModel.partitionSize[1] = txtPartitionSize2.Text;
WTGModel.partitionSize[2] = txtPartitionSize3.Text;
WTGModel.wimPart = comboBoxParts.SelectedIndex.ToString();
WTGModel.skipOOBE = checkBoxOOBE.Checked;
if (radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked)
{
if (radioButtonVHD.Checked)
WTGModel.vhdExtension = "vhd";
else
WTGModel.vhdExtension = "vhdx";
}
WTGModel.win8VHDFileName = WTGModel.vhdNameWithoutExt + "." + WTGModel.vhdExtension;
tWrite = new Thread(new ThreadStart(CreateMain.GoWrite));
tWrite.Start();
}
private void AssignUDVariable()
{
WTGModel.UdObj = (UsbDisk)comboBoxUd.SelectedItem;
//Assign letter moved to CreateMain
WTGModel.udString = comboBoxUd.SelectedItem.ToString();
}
private void ManualSelectUdisk()
{
folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog();
if (folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath.Length != 3)
{
if (folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath.Length != 0)
{
//
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_UDRoot", MsgManager.ci));
}
return;
}
UsbDisk udM = new UsbDisk(folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath);
//udM.Volume = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath;
GetUdiskList.diskCollection.Add(udM);
//UDList.Add(folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath);
GetUdiskList.OutText(true, GetUdiskList.diskCollection, comboBoxUd);
}
private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
try
{
if (tWrite != null && tWrite.IsAlive)
{
//MsgManager.getResString("Msg_WritingAbort")
//
if (DialogResult.No == MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_WritingAbort", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_warning", MsgManager.ci), MessageBoxButtons.YesNo)) { e.Cancel = true; return; }
Environment.Exit(0);
//threadwrite.Abort();
}
if (useiso)
{
ISOHelper.DismountISO(txtwim.Text);
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.WriteLog("Err_Form1_FormClosing", ex.ToString());
//Console.WriteLine(ex);
}
VHDOperation.CleanTemp();
try
{
Directory.Delete(Path.GetTempPath() + "\\WTGA", true);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.WriteLog("Err_DeleteTempPath", ex.ToString());
}
Environment.Exit(0);
}
private void openFileDialog1_FileOk(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
{
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ImageOperation.Solve1809("W:");
//WriteProgress wp = new WriteProgress();
//wp.Show();
// MessageBox.Show(WTGModel.UdObj.Model);
//Benchmark bm = new Benchmark();
//WTGModel.UdObj = (UsbDisk)comboBoxUd.SelectedItem;
////MessageBox.Show);
//BenchmarkResult bmr = bm.DoBenchmark("D:");
//MessageBox.Show(bmr.Write4K.ToString());
//MessageBox.Show(bmr.WriteSeq.ToString());
//Write.EnableBitlocker("V:");
//USBAudioDeviceItems dict = USBAudioDeviceItems.USBDevices;
//MessageBox.Show(dict.Count.ToString());
//foreach (var item in dict)
//{
// MessageBox.Show(item.Key + " " + item.Value);
////}
//WTGModel.UdObj = (UsbDisk)comboBoxUd.SelectedItem;
//MessageBox.Show(WTGModel.UdObj.DiskSize.ToString());
//ulong bootPrtitionSectors = 1021951;
//ulong mainPartitionSectors = WTGModel.UdObj.TotalSectors - bootPrtitionSectors - 202049;
//ulong precedingSectors = WTGModel.UdObj.TotalSectors - bootPrtitionSectors - 200001;
////string convertTempString = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToInt32(mainPartitionSecors), 16);
////MessageBox.Show(mainPartitionSectors.ToString());
////string hex1 = convertTempString[6].ToString() + convertTempString[7];
////string hex2 = convertTempString[4].ToString() + convertTempString[5];
////string hex3 = convertTempString[2].ToString() + convertTempString[3];
////string hex4 = convertTempString[0].ToString() + convertTempString[1];
////byte byteHex1 = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(hex1, 16));
////byte byteHex2 = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(hex1, 16));
////byte byteHex3 = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(hex1, 16));
////byte byteHex4 = Convert.ToByte(Convert.ToInt32(hex1, 16));
//byte[] newMainPartitionSectorsByts = UlongToMBRBytes(mainPartitionSectors);
//byte[] newPrecedingSectorsByts = UlongToMBRBytes(precedingSectors);
////string completedHex = hex1 + hex2 + hex3 + hex4;
//byte[] byts = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\Users\Li\Documents\MBR\57G-1.dpt");
//byts[730] = newMainPartitionSectorsByts[0];
//byts[731] = newMainPartitionSectorsByts[1];
//byts[732] = newMainPartitionSectorsByts[2];
//byts[733] = newMainPartitionSectorsByts[3];
//byts[742] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[0];
//byts[743] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[1];
//byts[744] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[2];
//byts[745] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[3];
//byte[] byts2 = File.ReadAllBytes(@"C:\Users\Li\Documents\MBR\57G-2.dpt");
//byts[726] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[0];
//byts[727] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[1];
//byts[728] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[2];
//byts[729] = newPrecedingSectorsByts[3];
//File.WriteAllBytes(@"C:\Users\Li\Documents\MBR\NEW-ex-1.dpt", byts);
//File.WriteAllBytes(@"C:\Users\Li\Documents\MBR\NEW-ex-2.dpt", byts2);
//MessageBox.Show(Convert.ToString(Convert.ToInt32(byts[731]), 16));
//int[] ints = new int[byts.Length];
//for (int i = 0; i < byts.Length; i++)
//{
// //ints[i] = Convert.ToInt32(byts[i]);
// //MessageBox.Show(Convert.ToInt32(byts[i]).ToString());
//}
//MessageBox.Show(byts.Length.ToString());
//Write.EnableBitlocker();
//BootFileOperation.BcdeditFixBootFileVHD("E:\\", "E:\\", "wtg.vhdx", FirmwareType.BIOS);
}
private void radiochuantong_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
numericUpDown1.Enabled = false;
checkBoxFixed.Enabled = false;
//checkBoxNotemp.Enabled = false;
lblVhdSize.Enabled = false;
lblVhdPartitionTableType.Enabled = false;
comboBoxVhdPartitionType.Enabled = false;
//lblVhdTempPath.Enabled = false;
//txtVhdTempPath.Enabled = false;
//btnVhdTempPath.Enabled = false;
comboBoxGb.Enabled = false;
trackBar1.Enabled = false;
lblVhdName.Enabled = false;
txtVhdNameWithoutExt.Enabled = false;
if (checkBoxBitlocker.Checked)
{
radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = false;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = false;
}
if ((checkBoxUefigpt.Checked || checkBoxUefimbr.Checked) && !radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked)
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = true;
}
else
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Checked = false;
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = false;
}
}
private void radiovhdx_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked && DialogResult.Cancel == MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_VHDXWarning", MsgManager.ci), "", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Warning))
{
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked = false;
radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
return;
}
checkBoxBitlocker.Checked = false;
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = false;
numericUpDown1.Enabled = true;
checkBoxFixed.Enabled = true;
//checkBoxNotemp.Enabled = true;
lblVhdSize.Enabled = true;
lblVhdPartitionTableType.Enabled = true;
comboBoxVhdPartitionType.Enabled = true;
//lblVhdTempPath.Enabled = true;
//txtVhdTempPath.Enabled = true;
//btnVhdTempPath.Enabled = true;
if (comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex != 0 && comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex != -1)
{
trackBar1.Enabled = true;
}
comboBoxGb.Enabled = true;
lblVhdName.Enabled = true;
txtVhdNameWithoutExt.Enabled = true;
}
#endregion
private void txtPartitionSize1_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
if ((e.KeyChar < '0' || e.KeyChar > '9') && e.KeyChar != 8)
{
e.Handled = true;
}
else
{
checkBoxDiskpart.Checked = true;
}
}
private void txtEfiSize_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
if ((e.KeyChar < '0' || e.KeyChar > '9') && e.KeyChar != 8)
{
e.Handled = true;
}
}
private void txtPartitionSize2_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
if ((e.KeyChar < '0' || e.KeyChar > '9') && e.KeyChar != 8)
{
e.Handled = true;
}
else
{
checkBoxDiskpart.Checked = true;
}
}
private void txtPartitionSize3_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
if ((e.KeyChar < '0' || e.KeyChar > '9') && e.KeyChar != 8)
{
e.Handled = true;
}
}
private void linklblRestoreMultiPartition_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
txtEfiSize.Text = "350";
txtPartitionSize3.Text = "0";
txtPartitionSize2.Text = "0";
}
private void comboBoxUd_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//MessageBox.Show(comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex.ToString());
if (comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex != 0 && comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex != -1)
{
btnGo.Enabled = true;
groupBoxadv.Enabled = true;
SystemDetection(false);
WTGModel.UdObj = (UsbDisk)comboBoxUd.SelectedItem;
udSizeInMB = (int)(WTGModel.UdObj.DiskSize / 1048576);
txtPartitionSize1.Text = udSizeInMB.ToString();
txtPartitionSize2.Text = "0";
txtPartitionSize3.Text = "0";
if (radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked)
{
trackBar1.Enabled = true;
}
if (WTGModel.UdObj.DriveType.Contains("Removable"))
{
checkBoxUefimbr.Checked = true;
}
txtPartitionSize3.Enabled = true;
txtPartitionSize2.Enabled = true;
txtPartitionSize1.Enabled = true;
//if (!WTGModel.UdObj.DriveType.Contains("Removable Disk"))
//{
// txtPartitionSize3.Enabled = true;
// txtPartitionSize2.Enabled = true;
// txtPartitionSize1.Enabled = true;
// if (checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled)
// {
// checkBoxUefimbr.Checked = true;
// }
//}
//else
//{
// txtPartitionSize3.Enabled = false;
// txtPartitionSize2.Enabled = false;
// txtPartitionSize1.Enabled = false;
//}
if (WTGModel.UdObj.DiskSize == 0)
{
checkBoxUefimbr.Checked = false;
checkBoxUefigpt.Checked = false;
checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled = false;
checkBoxUefigpt.Enabled = false;
}
//else
//{
// checkBoxUefimbr.Enabled = true;
// checkBoxUefigpt.Enabled = true;
//}
}
else
{
WTGModel.UdObj = null;
txtPartitionSize3.Enabled = false;
txtPartitionSize2.Enabled = false;
txtPartitionSize1.Enabled = false;
}
}
private void tabPage3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void txtPartitionSize1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtPartitionSize3.Text))
{
txtPartitionSize3.Text = "0";
}
int remain = udSizeInMB - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize2.Text) - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize3.Text);
if (remain < 0)
{
txtPartitionSize3.Text = (udSizeInMB - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize2.Text)).ToString();
txtPartitionSize1.Text = "0";
}
else
{
txtPartitionSize1.Text = remain.ToString();
}
}
private void txtPartitionSize2_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(txtPartitionSize2.Text))
{
txtPartitionSize2.Text = "0";
}
int remain = udSizeInMB - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize2.Text) - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize3.Text);
if (remain < 0)
{
txtPartitionSize2.Text = (udSizeInMB - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize3.Text)).ToString();
txtPartitionSize1.Text = "0";
}
else
{
txtPartitionSize1.Text = (udSizeInMB - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize2.Text) - int.Parse(txtPartitionSize3.Text)).ToString();
}
}
private void pictureBox1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Process.Start("path_to_url");
}
private void linkLabel4_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
Process.Start("path_to_url");
}
private void linkLabel1_LinkClicked_1(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
Process.Start("path_to_url");
}
private void comboBoxParts_MouseHover(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
toolTip1.SetToolTip(comboBoxParts, comboBoxParts.SelectedItem.ToString());
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Log.WriteLog("Err_comboBoxParts_MouseHover", ex.ToString());
}
}
private void checkBoxBitlocker_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//SystemDetection();
if (checkBoxBitlocker.Checked)
{
radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = false;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = false;
}
else
{
SystemDetection(false);
}
if ((checkBoxUefigpt.Checked || checkBoxUefimbr.Checked) && !radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked)
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = true;
}
else
{
checkBoxBitlocker.Checked = false;
checkBoxBitlocker.Enabled = false;
}
//if (checkBoxBitlocker.Checked)
//{
// //if (!checkBoxUefigpt.Checked && !checkBoxUefimbr.Checked)
// //{
// // checkBoxUefimbr.Checked = true;
// //}
// //checkBoxNotemp.Checked = true;
// //checkBoxNotemp.Enabled = false;
// radiobtnVhd.Enabled = false;
// radiobtnVhdx.Enabled = false;
// radiobtnLegacy.Checked = true;
//}
//else
//{
// //if (!radiobtnLegacy.Checked)
// //{
// // checkBoxNotemp.Enabled = true;
// //}
// SystemDetection();
//}
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ManualSelectUdisk();
}
private void checkBoxBitlocker_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_BitlockerUnusable", MsgManager.ci));
}
private void trackBar1_Scroll(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
AutoSetNumbericVhdSize();
}
private void comboBoxGb_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
AutoSetNumbericVhdSize();
}
private void AutoSetNumbericVhdSize()
{
if (comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex != 0 && comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex != -1 && WTGModel.UdObj != null && udSizeInMB != 0)
{
if (comboBoxGb.SelectedIndex == 0)
{
numericUpDown1.Value = (udSizeInMB / 10) * trackBar1.Value;
}
else if (comboBoxGb.SelectedIndex == 1)
{
numericUpDown1.Value = (int)(udSizeInMB / 10.0 * trackBar1.Value / 1024);
}
}
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (DialogResult.No == new Clone().ShowDialog())
{
return;
}
AssignUDVariable();
/*if (!Directory.Exists(Application.StartupPath + "\\wtg_clone"))
{
MessageBox.Show("", "", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
return;
}*/
if (WTGModel.UdObj.Size == 0)
{
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_chooseud", MsgManager.ci) + "!", MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_error", MsgManager.ci), MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
return;
}//
tWrite = new Thread(new ThreadStart(() =>
{
try
{
if (WTGModel.UdObj.Volume == string.Empty)
{
WTGModel.ud = "W:\\";//
}
else
{
WTGModel.ud = WTGModel.UdObj.Volume.Substring(0, 2) + "\\";
}
DiskOperation.AssignDriveLetterFAT32(WTGModel.UdObj.Index, WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 1));
WTGModel.UdObj.SetVolume(WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 1));
//Copy and mount WINRE
ProcessManager.ECMD("attrib.exe", @" -h -s c:\Recovery /s /d");
Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetTempPath() + "\\WTGA\\WinRE");
ProcessManager.ECMD("xcopy.exe", @"C:\Recovery\WindowsRE\Winre.wim " + Path.GetTempPath() + "WTGA\\WinRE\\ /H /Y");
//File.Copy(@"C:\Recovery\WindowsRE\Winre.wim", Path.GetTempPath() + "\\WTGA\\WinRE\\winre.wim");
string mountPath = Path.GetTempPath() + "\\WTGA\\WinRE\\mount";
ProcessManager.ECMD("dism.exe", @" /mount-image /imagefile:" + Path.GetTempPath() + "\\WTGA\\WinRE\\Winre.wim" + @" /index:1 /mountdir:" + mountPath);
//Modify WinRE
ProcessManager.ECMD("xcopy.exe", WTGModel.applicationFilesPath + "\\wtgclone\\* " + mountPath + "\\windows\\system32\\ -Y");
ProcessManager.ECMD("dism.exe", "/unmount-image /mountdir:" + mountPath + " /commit");
//Config Udisk boot item
BootFileOperation.BcdbootWriteBootFile(@"C:\", WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\", FirmwareType.UEFI);
File.Copy(WTGModel.applicationFilesPath + "\\bcd", WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\EFI\\Microsoft\\Boot\\BCD", true);
Directory.CreateDirectory(WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Boot");
File.Copy(@"C:\Windows\System32\Boot.sdi", WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Boot\\Boot.sdi", true);
Directory.CreateDirectory(WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Sources");
ProcessManager.ECMD("xcopy.exe", Path.GetTempPath() + "WTGA\\WinRE\\winre.wim " + WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Sources\\ /H");
File.Move(WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Sources\\winre.wim", WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Sources\\boot.wim");
//ProcessManager.SyncCMD("ren " + WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Sources\\winre.wim boot.wim");
//Mark source and destination
if (!File.Exists(Path.GetPathRoot(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir")) + "wtg_clone_source"))
{
File.Create(Path.GetPathRoot(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir")) + "wtg_clone_source");
}
File.Create(WTGModel.ud + "wtg_clone_destination");
//Clean
ProcessManager.SyncCMD(@"attrib +h +s c:\Recovery /s /d");
File.Delete(Path.GetTempPath() + "\\WTGA\\WinRE\\boot.wim");
FormHelper.Closewp();
if (File.Exists(WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + "\\Sources\\boot.wim"))
MessageBox.Show("", "", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
else
{
ErrorMsg em = new ErrorMsg("", true);
em.ShowDialog();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ErrorMsg em = new ErrorMsg(ex.ToString(), true);
em.ShowDialog();
}
}));
tWrite.Start();
//ProcessManager.ECMD(WTGModel.applicationFilesPath + "\\MakeWinPEMedia.cmd", "/UFD /f \"" + Application.StartupPath + "\\wtg_clone\" " + WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2));
//ProcessManager.ECMD(WTGModel.applicationFilesPath + "\\bootsect.exe", "/nt60 " + WTGModel.ud.Substring(0, 2) + " /force /mbr");
}
private void btnwim_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
openFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
if (useiso)
{
try
{
ISOHelper.DismountISO(isoPath);
}
catch { }
useiso = false;
isoPath = string.Empty;
}
if (File.Exists(openFileDialog1.FileName))
{
txtwim.Text = openFileDialog1.FileName;
WTGModel.imageFilePath = openFileDialog1.FileName;
WTGModel.choosedImageType = Path.GetExtension(openFileDialog1.FileName.ToLower()).Substring(1);
if (WTGModel.choosedImageType == "iso")
{
bool mount_successfully = false;
try
{
ISOHelper.MountISO(WTGModel.imageFilePath);
}
catch { }
for (int i = 68; i <= 90; i++)
{
string ascll_to_eng = Convert.ToChar(i).ToString();
if (File.Exists(ascll_to_eng + ":\\sources\\install.wim"))
{
//txtwim.Text = ascll_to_eng + ":\\sources\\install.wim";
WTGModel.imageFilePath = ascll_to_eng + ":\\sources\\install.wim";
WTGModel.choosedImageType = "wim";
mount_successfully = true;
break;
}
}
if (!mount_successfully)
{
//install.wim
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_ImageError", MsgManager.ci));
txtwim.Text = string.Empty;
WTGModel.imageFilePath = string.Empty;
return;
}
else
{
useiso = true;
isoPath = txtwim.Text;
}
}
if (WTGModel.choosedImageType == "esd")
{
if (!WTGModel.allowEsd)
{
//MsgManager.getResString("Msg_ESDError")
//ESD");
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_ESDError", MsgManager.ci));
return;
}
else
{
SystemDetection(false);
WTGModel.isEsd = true;
//checkBoxWimboot.Checked = false;
//checkBoxWimboot.Enabled = false;
}
}
else if (WTGModel.choosedImageType == "vhd" || WTGModel.choosedImageType == "vhdx")
{
if (!radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled)
{
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked = true;
radiobtnLegacy.Enabled = false;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = false;
//checkBoxCompactOS.Checked = true;
//checkBoxCompactOS.Enabled = false;
}
else
{
radiobtnLegacy.Enabled = false;
//radiobtnVhd.Enabled = false;
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Checked = true;
//MessageBox.Show("Test");
}
}
else
{
WTGModel.win7togo = ImageOperation.Iswin7(WTGModel.imagexFileName, WTGModel.imageFilePath);
if (WTGModel.win7togo != 0) //WIN7 cannot comptible with VHDX disk or wimboot
{
radiobtnVirtualDisk.Enabled = false;
//checkBoxWimboot.Checked = false;
//checkBoxWimboot.Enabled = false;
}
}
DisplayImagePartsInfo();
comboBoxUd.Enabled = true;
}
}
private void DisplayImagePartsInfo()
{
if (Regex.IsMatch(WTGModel.choosedImageType, @"wim|esd") && WTGModel.CurrentOS != OS.XP && WTGModel.CurrentOS != OS.Vista)
{
List<string> partsInfoList = ImageOperation.DismGetImagePartsInfo(WTGModel.imageFilePath);
comboBoxParts.Invoke(new Action(() =>
{
comboBoxParts.Items.Clear();
comboBoxParts.Items.Add("");
comboBoxParts.Items.AddRange(partsInfoList.ToArray());
comboBoxParts.SelectedIndex = 0;
}));
}
}
private void txtPartitionSize3_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void linkLabel6_LinkClicked(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
Process.Start("path_to_url");
}
private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void toolStripMenuItem3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void AutoDetectInstallWim()
{
bool detectSuccess = false;
for (int i = 68; i <= 90; i++)
{
string ascll_to_eng = Convert.ToChar(i).ToString();
if (File.Exists(ascll_to_eng + ":\\sources\\install.wim"))
{
txtwim.Invoke(new Action(() => { txtwim.Text = ascll_to_eng + ":\\sources\\install.wim"; }));
WTGModel.imageFilePath = ascll_to_eng + ":\\sources\\install.wim";
WTGModel.choosedImageType = "wim";
detectSuccess = true;
break;
}
}
if (detectSuccess)
DisplayImagePartsInfo();
}
private string ReadSet(string name)
{
return IniFile.ReadVal("Perference", name, Config.settingFilePath);
}
private void SaveSet(string name, string val)
{
IniFile.WriteVal("Perference", name, val, Config.settingFilePath);
}
private void ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
IniFile.WriteVal("Perference", "WimPath", txtwim.Text, Config.settingFilePath);
foreach (var item in formControlList)
{
if (item.GetType() == typeof(CheckBox))
{
SaveSet(((CheckBox)item).Name, ((CheckBox)item).Checked.ToString());
}
}
}
private void checkBoxNoDefaultLetter_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void txtwim_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void folderBrowserDialog1_HelpRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void comboBoxParts_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void checkBoxNoFormat_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (checkBoxNoFormat.Checked && (checkBoxDiskpart.Checked || checkBoxUefigpt.Checked || checkBoxUefimbr.Checked))
{
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_SelectBothNoformatAndRepartition", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_warning", MsgManager.ci), MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
checkBoxNoFormat.Checked = false;
}
}
private void linkLabel3_LinkClicked_1(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
}
private void buttonFFUBrowse_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (radioButtonBackup.Checked)
{
if (saveFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.Cancel) return;
if (Directory.GetParent(saveFileDialog1.FileName).Exists)
{
WTGModel.ffuFilePath = saveFileDialog1.FileName;
textBoxFFU.Text = saveFileDialog1.FileName;
}
}
else
{
if (openFileDialogFFU.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.Cancel) return;
if (File.Exists(openFileDialogFFU.FileName))
{
WTGModel.ffuFilePath = openFileDialogFFU.FileName;
textBoxFFU.Text = openFileDialogFFU.FileName;
}
}
}
private void buttonBackup_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (comboBoxUd.SelectedIndex == 0) { MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_chooseud", MsgManager.ci)); return; }
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(WTGModel.ffuFilePath)) { MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_chooseud", MsgManager.ci)); return; }
if (radioButtonRestore.Checked)
{
StringBuilder formatTip = new StringBuilder();
formatTip.AppendLine(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_ConfirmChoose", MsgManager.ci));
formatTip.Append(WTGModel.UdObj.Model);
formatTip.AppendLine(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_FormatTip", MsgManager.ci));
//formatTip.AppendLine(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_Repartition", MsgManager.ci));
FormatAlert fa = new FormatAlert(formatTip.ToString());
if (DialogResult.Yes != fa.ShowDialog())
{
return;
}
}
Thread tCommand = new Thread(() =>
{
string dismArgs = string.Empty;
if (radioButtonBackup.Checked)
{
dismArgs = string.Format(@"/capture-ffu /imagefile={0} /capturedrive=\\.\PhysicalDrive{1} /name:WTGBackup", WTGModel.ffuFilePath, WTGModel.UdObj.Index);
}
else
{
dismArgs = string.Format(@"/apply-ffu /ImageFile={0} /ApplyDrive:\\.\PhysicalDrive{1}", WTGModel.ffuFilePath, WTGModel.UdObj.Index);
}
ProcessManager.ECMD("dism.exe", dismArgs);
bool failed = false;
if (File.Exists(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir") + @"\Logs\DISM\dism.log"))
{
string[] dismLog = File.ReadAllLines(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("windir") + @"\Logs\DISM\dism.log");
for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++)
{
if (dismLog[dismLog.Length - i].Contains("Failed"))
{
failed = true;
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_Failure", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_error", MsgManager.ci),MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Error, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.DefaultDesktopOnly);
FormHelper.Closewp();
break;
}
}
}
if (!failed)
{
FormHelper.Closewp();
MessageBox.Show(MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_Complete", MsgManager.ci), MsgManager.GetResString("Msg_Complete", MsgManager.ci),MessageBoxButtons.OK,MessageBoxIcon.Information, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.DefaultDesktopOnly);
}
});
tCommand.Start();
}
private void radioButtonRestore_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void linkLabel5_LinkClicked_2(object sender, LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e)
{
Process.Start("path_to_url");
}
private void menuStrip1_ItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e)
{
}
private void radioButtonBackup_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
}
}
``` |
```shell
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# your_sha256_hash______
# Dependency: trash cli tool
# >> Install: brew install trash
#
# Call as
# ./delete_build_folder.sh
# your_sha256_hash______
# Delete all generated build folders, because they will eat up a lot of space on the disc
echo " Deleting build directories..."
# Find all directories with name "build" inside the current directory, recursively
for FOUND_BUILD_DIR in $(find . -type d -name "build" | grep -v "cookiecutter");
do
# Run the trash command on found build directory
trash $FOUND_BUILD_DIR
done
echo " Done."
``` |
The BlyA Holin Family (TC# 1.E.17) is a group of holin proteins that are approximately 55-70 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibit one transmembrane segment (TMS). A representative list of the proteins belonging to the BlyA holin family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
BlyAB
The BlyA membrane protein and the BlyB soluble accessory protein are encoded on the conserved cp32 plasmid of Borrelia burgdorferi, which can be packaged into a bacteriophage particle. These two proteins had previously been proposed to comprise a hemolysis system, but Damman et al. (2000) provided evidence that BlyAB functions as a prophage-encoded holin system. BlyA promotes endolysin-dependent lysis of an induced lambda lysogen that is defective for the lambda holin S gene. The holin pores are generally stable and nonspecific, allowing endolysin access to the peptidoglycan.
Introduction of the Borrelia burgdorferi blyAB locus into Escherichia coli produces a hemolytic phenotype that is dependent on the E. coli clyA (hlyE, sheA) gene (TC# 1.C.10.1.1). Expression of blyA in E. coli causes damage to the E. coli cell envelope and a clyA-dependent hemolytic phenotype, regardless whether blyB is present or absent. The expression of blyB in E. coli, on the other hand, did not have obvious phenotypic effects. Transcriptional studies demonstrated that the clyA gene is not induced in E. coli cells expressing blyA. Furthermore, protein analyses suggested that the impairment of the E. coli cell envelope by BlyA is responsible for the emergence of the hemolytic activity as it allows latent intracellular ClyA protein, derived from basal-level expression of the clyA gene, to leak into the medium and to lyse erythrocytes. These findings are compatible with the presumption that BlyA functions as a membrane-active holin.
Transport Reaction
The physiologically relevant transport reaction believed to be catalyzed by BlyA is:Endolysin (in) → Endolysin (out)
References
Protein families
Membrane proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Transmembrane transporters
Transport proteins
Integral membrane proteins
Holins |
Vittina waigiensis, commonly known as the red racer nerite or the gold racer nerite, is a species of a freshwater, brackish water, or marine snail native to the Philippines and Indonesia (Sulawesi and the Maluku Islands). It belongs to the family Neritidae. Red racer nerites have colorful shells that display extremely variable patterns, which makes them popular in the aquarium trade.
Description
Red racer nerites are small snails that only grow to a maximum diameter of . They have shells that have highly variable patterns in red, orange, yellow, black, and white. The patterns often form bands of repeating "arrows" resembling racing stripes, which is the source of their common name "racer." Red racer snails are amphibious and occasionally venture above the waterline. They can tolerate freshwater, brackish water, and saltwater habitats. They are usually found in bodies of water with dense vegetation in coastal areas, like mangrove forests and river deltas. They primarily eat algae and biofilm. They lay eggs in clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. Their planktonic larvae can only survive in brackish water. They are relatively long-lived, with a lifespan usually reaching 4 years. These characteristics and their colorful shells make them popular in the aquarium trade.
Human use
Vittina waigiensis is a part of ornamental pet trade for freshwater aquaria.
References
External links
Neritidae
Gastropods described in 1831
Taxa named by René Lesson |
Sin-le-Noble (; ) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
Population
Notable people
Pierre-Jules Boulanger, born in 1885 in Sin-le-Noble: contributed in the manufacturing of the 2CV.
Simonne Ratel (1900–1948), woman of letters, winner of the 1932 edition of the Prix Interallié.
Maurice Allard, bassoonist, born in Sin-le-Noble (1923-2004)
Twinning
Cecina, Italy
Święta Katarzyna, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
Yéné, Senegal
See also
Communes of the Nord department
References
Sinlenoble
French Flanders |
```xml
import crypto from 'crypto';
const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
export const LOCAL_SERVER_PORT = 12141;
export const GMAIL_CLIENT_ID =
process.env.MS_GMAIL_CLIENT_ID ||
'662287800555-pdiq3r3puob8a44locitndbocua7c30f.apps.googleusercontent.com';
// per path_to_url
// we really do need to embed this in the application and it's more an extension of the Client ID than a proper Client Secret.
//
// We could run a small web app that receives the code and exchanges it for the refresh token (storing this on the server), but
// that web flow would still hand the resulting client secret to the desktop app, whose authenticity it can't verify.
// (It can verify the connection is secure, but not that the receiving party is /this/ copy of Mailspring.)
//
// Note: This is not a security risk for the end-user -- it just means someone could "fork" Mailspring and re-use it's
// Client ID and Secret. For now, it seems we're on the honor code - Please don't do this.
//
export const GMAIL_CLIENT_SECRET = process.env.MS_GMAIL_CLIENT_SECRET || crypto
.createDecipheriv(
'aes-256-ctr',
"don't-be-ev1l-thanks--mailspring",
Buffer.from('wgvAx+N05nHqhFxJ9I07jw==', 'base64')
)
.update(Buffer.from('1EyEGYVh3NBNIbYEdpdMvOzCH7+vrSciGeYZ1F+W6W+yShk=', 'base64'))
.toString('utf8');
export const GMAIL_SCOPES = [
'path_to_url // email
'path_to_url // email address
'path_to_url // G+ profile
'path_to_url // contacts
'path_to_url // calendar
];
export const O365_CLIENT_ID =
process.env.MS_O365_CLIENT_ID || '8787a430-6eee-41e1-b914-681d90d35625';
export const O365_SCOPES = [
'user.read', // email address
'offline_access',
'Contacts.ReadWrite', // contacts
'Contacts.ReadWrite.Shared', // contacts
'Calendars.ReadWrite', // calendar
'Calendars.ReadWrite.Shared', // calendar
// Future note: When you exchange the refresh token for an access token, you may
// request these two OR the above set but NOT BOTH, because Microsoft has mapped
// two underlying systems with different tokens onto the single flow and you
// need to get an outlook token and not a Micrsosoft Graph token to use these APIs.
// path_to_url
'path_to_url // email
'path_to_url // email
];
// Re-created only at onboarding page load / auth session start because storing
// verifier would require additional state refactoring
export const CODE_VERIFIER = uuidv4();
export const CODE_CHALLENGE = crypto
.createHash('sha256')
.update(CODE_VERIFIER, 'utf8')
.digest('base64')
.replace(/\+/g, '-')
.replace(/\//g, '_')
.replace(/=/g, '');
``` |
Ancient Campania (often also identified as Campania Felix or ager Campanus) originally indicated the territory of the ancient city of Capua in the Roman period, and later also the plains of the various neighbouring municipalities. It was a very large territory when compared with the other Italic cities of the Roman and pre-Roman period.
It extended from the slopes of Mount Massico (to the north) up to the Phlegraean Fields and the Vesuvian area to the south. Initially it also included the ager Falernus, then it was heavily downsized by Rome due to the alliance of the city of Capua with Hannibal.
The main inhabited centers of this historical region were (from north to south) Capua, Atella, Liternum, Cumae, Baiae, Puteoli, Acerrae, Nola, Neapolis, Caprae, Oplontis, Pompei, Sorrentum, Stabiae, Nuceria Alfaterna and Salernum. Thanks to the fertility of the soil, also due to the presence of the Volturno river, it earned the name of Campania Felix.
Classical age
According to the Roman philologist Sextus Pompeius Festus (II century BC), the pre-Roman name of Campania was Oscor, the name from which the Osci peoples who lived there (Osci enim a Regione Campaniæ, quae est Oscor, vocati sunt.). The toponym Campania, dating back to the fifth century BC, is of classical origin. The most accredited hypothesis is that it derives from the name of the ancient inhabitants of Capua. From Capuani, in fact, we would have Campani and, therefore, Campania; furthermore, both Livio and Polybius say of an Ager Campanus with a clear reference to Capua and the surrounding area. Ancient Campania, closed between the Apennines and the sea, had the Sele river as its boundaries to the south and the Garigliano to the north (according to Pliny the Elder, however, the city of Sinuessa). The territory of Campania, together with Latium, became part, in the Augustan subdivision, of the Regio I: Latium et Campania.
Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, the toponym Terra Laboris, recorded for the first time in 1092 (although there are doubts about the originality of the document), replaced the name Campania. The new toponym will officially replace the old one in the Norman territorial subdivision. In fact, from the seventh century, due to the prevalence of the Duchy of Naples, the connection between the Latin toponym Campania and what it originally indicated was lost in the language: in an emblematic way, the geographical maps, from about 1500 to 1700, show the indication Terra Laboris olim Campania felix.
Bibliography
Gennaro Franciosi, La storia dell'Ager Campanus, i problemi della limitatio e sua lettura attuale (Real sito di S. Leucio 8-9 June 2001), Naples, Jovene Editore, 2002, .
References
External links
Approfondimento sull'archeologia vesuviana e campana, on vesuviolive.it.
Geographical, historical and cultural regions of Italy
History of Campania
Campania |
The Frank L. and Mabel H. Dean House is an historic house at 10 Cedar Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1901 for a prominent lawyer and politician, it is a well-preserved example of period Colonial Revival architecture, with rare period handpainted wall murals. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
Description and history
The Dean House stands in a formerly residential area a short way northwest of downtown Worcester, at the northwest corner of Linden and Cedar Streets. It is generally surrounded by parking lots. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a hip roof and clapboarded exterior. It is three bays wide and four deep, with a rear ell that is one bay wide and one bay deep. A two-bay, two-story pavilion projects from the east side of the main body of the house. The house is topped by a high hipped roof with embedded gable dormers; the edges of the roof are flared in a graceful curve. The eaves and raking sections of the roof are trimmed with modillion brackets, below which are a band of dentil molding and a narrow frieze. The interior of the house is elaborately trimmed in wood, and many of the downstairs rooms are decorated with wall murals.
The house was built in 1901 for Frank L. Dean, a prominent lawyer and Republican politician. The house was built next door to a fine Second Empire house (now demolished), and not far from the childhood home of Dean's wife, Mabel Houghton. Frank Dean served one term as mayor of Worcester in 1903, and then as the personal secretary to Governos Curtis Guild Jr. and Eben Draper. Mabel Houghton Dean was a member of the Worcester Women's Club, an exclusive social and philanthropic organization. Their house is a good example of a generously scaled American Foursquare with Colonial Revival features.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in northwestern Worcester, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester County, Massachusetts
References
Colonial Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1901
Houses in Worcester, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Worcester County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Worcester, Massachusetts |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="14.0" xmlns="path_to_url">
<ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
<Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
<Configuration>Release</Configuration>
<Platform>Win32</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
<Configuration>Release</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
</ItemGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
<ProjectGuid>{23D47CEE-6F04-46F2-B680-AF36FB5A386A}</ProjectGuid>
<Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
<RootNamespace>TexColumns</RootNamespace>
<WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0.10240.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
<CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
<CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
<WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
<CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
<UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
<PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
<WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
<CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="Shared">
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
</ImportGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
<LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
<LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
<LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<ClCompile>
<PrecompiledHeader>
</PrecompiledHeader>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<PrecompiledHeader>
</PrecompiledHeader>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
<ClCompile>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<PrecompiledHeader>
</PrecompiledHeader>
<Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
<FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
<IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
<EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
<OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<PrecompiledHeader>
</PrecompiledHeader>
<Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
<FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
<IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
<EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
<OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="..\..\Common\d3dApp.cpp" />
<ClCompile Include="..\..\Common\d3dUtil.cpp" />
<ClCompile Include="..\..\Common\DDSTextureLoader.cpp" />
<ClCompile Include="..\..\Common\GameTimer.cpp" />
<ClCompile Include="..\..\Common\GeometryGenerator.cpp" />
<ClCompile Include="..\..\Common\MathHelper.cpp" />
<ClCompile Include="FrameResource.cpp" />
<ClCompile Include="TexColumnsApp.cpp" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\d3dApp.h" />
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\d3dUtil.h" />
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\d3dx12.h" />
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\DDSTextureLoader.h" />
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\GameTimer.h" />
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\GeometryGenerator.h" />
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\MathHelper.h" />
<ClInclude Include="..\..\Common\UploadBuffer.h" />
<ClInclude Include="FrameResource.h" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
</ImportGroup>
</Project>
``` |
Fort Burt is a colonial fort that was erected on the southwest edge of Road Town, Tortola in the British Virgin Islands above Road Reef Marina. The site is now a hotel and restaurant of the same name, and relatively little of the original structure remains. However, one of the original cannons has survived and stands on the veranda of the hotel, vigilantly looking over the harbour.
The original structure is believed by some to have been built at an unascertained date by the original Dutch settlers of the islands, although this is not certain as Spanish documents from this time refer to other forts on Tortola (which they attacked) and they make no mention of a defensive fortification at Fort Burt although the route of their attack (from Soper's hole, through Fort Purcell and on to Fort George would have taken them directly by the site of Fort Burt. In his book, Vernon Pickering suggests that the British erected the Fort on a site that they "erroneously believed" to have been the site of an earlier Dutch fort. However, the main fortification was built (or rebuilt) by the British in 1776 at the outbreak of the American war of independence.
The fort was named after William Mathew Burt, Governor of the Leeward Islands from 1776 to 1781 (but not to be confused with Colonel William Burt, his great grandfather, who took the Territory for the British from the Dutch with a token force at the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672). Descendants of this family now live in Western Australia.
Fort Burt formed part of a formidable defensive network of forts around Road Town at this time, including Fort Road Town (under what is now the site of the Boungainvillea clinic), Fort George on Fort Hill on the north east side of the harbour, and Fort Charlotte set high above on Harrigan's Hill.
Fort Burt never actually fired a shot in anger under British command. The combination of the formidable martial defences of Road Town, and relatively small strategic and economic importance of Tortola persuaded both foreign colonial powers and privateers and pirates alike to focus on other targets within the region.
The fort later fell again into disrepair, and it was acquired in 1953 by Commander Christopher Hammersley and his socialite wife, who built what was then the only hotel on Tortola. The hotel has changed hands several times since, and is now in the ownership of the Pusser's chain.
See also
History of the British Virgin Islands
External links
The BVI's formidable forts
Footnotes
Burt, Fort
History of the British Virgin Islands
Tortola |
Rawlings is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Allegany County, Maryland, United States, on the McMullen Highway (U.S. Route 220). As of the 2010 census, the Rawlings CDP had a population of 693.
The community was named after Moses Rawlings, an officer in the Revolutionary War. It was originally known as "Rawlings Station" after a post office was established on the railroad there on March 7, 1856.
Demographics
References
Census-designated places in Allegany County, Maryland
Census-designated places in Maryland
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Populated places in the Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Populated places on the North Branch Potomac River |
Piotr Bagnicki (born 10 December 1980 in Kraków) is a Polish footballer (striker) playing last for Sandecja Nowy Sącz.
See also
Football in Poland
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Polish men's footballers
MKS Cracovia players
Proszowianka Proszowice players
Korona Kielce players
Zagłębie Sosnowiec players
Odra Wodzisław Śląski players
Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała players
Sandecja Nowy Sącz players
Footballers from Kraków
Men's association football forwards |
```c
#include <tommath.h>
#ifdef BN_MP_DIV_C
/* LibTomMath, multiple-precision integer library -- Tom St Denis
*
* LibTomMath is a library that provides multiple-precision
* integer arithmetic as well as number theoretic functionality.
*
* The library was designed directly after the MPI library by
* Michael Fromberger but has been written from scratch with
* additional optimizations in place.
*
* The library is free for all purposes without any express
* guarantee it works.
*
* Tom St Denis, tomstdenis@gmail.com, path_to_url
*/
#ifdef BN_MP_DIV_SMALL
/* slower bit-bang division... also smaller */
int mp_div(mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c, mp_int * d)
{
mp_int ta, tb, tq, q;
int res, n, n2;
/* is divisor zero ? */
if (mp_iszero (b) == 1) {
return MP_VAL;
}
/* if a < b then q=0, r = a */
if (mp_cmp_mag (a, b) == MP_LT) {
if (d != NULL) {
res = mp_copy (a, d);
} else {
res = MP_OKAY;
}
if (c != NULL) {
mp_zero (c);
}
return res;
}
/* init our temps */
if ((res = mp_init_multi(&ta, &tb, &tq, &q, NULL) != MP_OKAY)) {
return res;
}
mp_set(&tq, 1);
n = mp_count_bits(a) - mp_count_bits(b);
if (((res = mp_abs(a, &ta)) != MP_OKAY) ||
((res = mp_abs(b, &tb)) != MP_OKAY) ||
((res = mp_mul_2d(&tb, n, &tb)) != MP_OKAY) ||
((res = mp_mul_2d(&tq, n, &tq)) != MP_OKAY)) {
goto LBL_ERR;
}
while (n-- >= 0) {
if (mp_cmp(&tb, &ta) != MP_GT) {
if (((res = mp_sub(&ta, &tb, &ta)) != MP_OKAY) ||
((res = mp_add(&q, &tq, &q)) != MP_OKAY)) {
goto LBL_ERR;
}
}
if (((res = mp_div_2d(&tb, 1, &tb, NULL)) != MP_OKAY) ||
((res = mp_div_2d(&tq, 1, &tq, NULL)) != MP_OKAY)) {
goto LBL_ERR;
}
}
/* now q == quotient and ta == remainder */
n = a->sign;
n2 = (a->sign == b->sign ? MP_ZPOS : MP_NEG);
if (c != NULL) {
mp_exch(c, &q);
c->sign = (mp_iszero(c) == MP_YES) ? MP_ZPOS : n2;
}
if (d != NULL) {
mp_exch(d, &ta);
d->sign = (mp_iszero(d) == MP_YES) ? MP_ZPOS : n;
}
LBL_ERR:
mp_clear_multi(&ta, &tb, &tq, &q, NULL);
return res;
}
#else
/* integer signed division.
* c*b + d == a [e.g. a/b, c=quotient, d=remainder]
* HAC pp.598 Algorithm 14.20
*
* Note that the description in HAC is horribly
* incomplete. For example, it doesn't consider
* the case where digits are removed from 'x' in
* the inner loop. It also doesn't consider the
* case that y has fewer than three digits, etc..
*
* The overall algorithm is as described as
* 14.20 from HAC but fixed to treat these cases.
*/
int mp_div (mp_int * a, mp_int * b, mp_int * c, mp_int * d)
{
mp_int q, x, y, t1, t2;
int res, n, t, i, norm, neg;
/* is divisor zero ? */
if (mp_iszero (b) == 1) {
return MP_VAL;
}
/* if a < b then q=0, r = a */
if (mp_cmp_mag (a, b) == MP_LT) {
if (d != NULL) {
res = mp_copy (a, d);
} else {
res = MP_OKAY;
}
if (c != NULL) {
mp_zero (c);
}
return res;
}
if ((res = mp_init_size (&q, a->used + 2)) != MP_OKAY) {
return res;
}
q.used = a->used + 2;
if ((res = mp_init (&t1)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Q;
}
if ((res = mp_init (&t2)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_T1;
}
if ((res = mp_init_copy (&x, a)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_T2;
}
if ((res = mp_init_copy (&y, b)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_X;
}
/* fix the sign */
neg = (a->sign == b->sign) ? MP_ZPOS : MP_NEG;
x.sign = y.sign = MP_ZPOS;
/* normalize both x and y, ensure that y >= b/2, [b == 2**DIGIT_BIT] */
norm = mp_count_bits(&y) % DIGIT_BIT;
if (norm < (int)(DIGIT_BIT-1)) {
norm = (DIGIT_BIT-1) - norm;
if ((res = mp_mul_2d (&x, norm, &x)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
if ((res = mp_mul_2d (&y, norm, &y)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
} else {
norm = 0;
}
/* note hac does 0 based, so if used==5 then its 0,1,2,3,4, e.g. use 4 */
n = x.used - 1;
t = y.used - 1;
/* while (x >= y*b**n-t) do { q[n-t] += 1; x -= y*b**{n-t} } */
if ((res = mp_lshd (&y, n - t)) != MP_OKAY) { /* y = y*b**{n-t} */
goto LBL_Y;
}
while (mp_cmp (&x, &y) != MP_LT) {
++(q.dp[n - t]);
if ((res = mp_sub (&x, &y, &x)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
}
/* reset y by shifting it back down */
mp_rshd (&y, n - t);
/* step 3. for i from n down to (t + 1) */
for (i = n; i >= (t + 1); i--) {
if (i > x.used) {
continue;
}
/* step 3.1 if xi == yt then set q{i-t-1} to b-1,
* otherwise set q{i-t-1} to (xi*b + x{i-1})/yt */
if (x.dp[i] == y.dp[t]) {
q.dp[i - t - 1] = ((((mp_digit)1) << DIGIT_BIT) - 1);
} else {
mp_word tmp;
tmp = ((mp_word) x.dp[i]) << ((mp_word) DIGIT_BIT);
tmp |= ((mp_word) x.dp[i - 1]);
tmp /= ((mp_word) y.dp[t]);
if (tmp > (mp_word) MP_MASK)
tmp = MP_MASK;
q.dp[i - t - 1] = (mp_digit) (tmp & (mp_word) (MP_MASK));
}
/* while (q{i-t-1} * (yt * b + y{t-1})) >
xi * b**2 + xi-1 * b + xi-2
do q{i-t-1} -= 1;
*/
q.dp[i - t - 1] = (q.dp[i - t - 1] + 1) & MP_MASK;
do {
q.dp[i - t - 1] = (q.dp[i - t - 1] - 1) & MP_MASK;
/* find left hand */
mp_zero (&t1);
t1.dp[0] = (t - 1 < 0) ? 0 : y.dp[t - 1];
t1.dp[1] = y.dp[t];
t1.used = 2;
if ((res = mp_mul_d (&t1, q.dp[i - t - 1], &t1)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
/* find right hand */
t2.dp[0] = (i - 2 < 0) ? 0 : x.dp[i - 2];
t2.dp[1] = (i - 1 < 0) ? 0 : x.dp[i - 1];
t2.dp[2] = x.dp[i];
t2.used = 3;
} while (mp_cmp_mag(&t1, &t2) == MP_GT);
/* step 3.3 x = x - q{i-t-1} * y * b**{i-t-1} */
if ((res = mp_mul_d (&y, q.dp[i - t - 1], &t1)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
if ((res = mp_lshd (&t1, i - t - 1)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
if ((res = mp_sub (&x, &t1, &x)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
/* if x < 0 then { x = x + y*b**{i-t-1}; q{i-t-1} -= 1; } */
if (x.sign == MP_NEG) {
if ((res = mp_copy (&y, &t1)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
if ((res = mp_lshd (&t1, i - t - 1)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
if ((res = mp_add (&x, &t1, &x)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
q.dp[i - t - 1] = (q.dp[i - t - 1] - 1UL) & MP_MASK;
}
}
/* now q is the quotient and x is the remainder
* [which we have to normalize]
*/
/* get sign before writing to c */
x.sign = x.used == 0 ? MP_ZPOS : a->sign;
if (c != NULL) {
mp_clamp (&q);
mp_exch (&q, c);
c->sign = neg;
}
if (d != NULL) {
if ((res = mp_div_2d (&x, norm, &x, NULL)) != MP_OKAY) {
goto LBL_Y;
}
mp_exch (&x, d);
}
res = MP_OKAY;
LBL_Y:mp_clear (&y);
LBL_X:mp_clear (&x);
LBL_T2:mp_clear (&t2);
LBL_T1:mp_clear (&t1);
LBL_Q:mp_clear (&q);
return res;
}
#endif
#endif
/* $Source: /cvs/libtom/libtommath/bn_mp_div.c,v $ */
/* $Revision: 1.3 $ */
/* $Date: 2006/03/31 14:18:44 $ */
``` |
Mevlüt Bora (born 1 June 1947) is a former Turkish cyclist. He competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
Turkish male cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Turkey
Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people) |
```shell
How to unstage a staged file
Pushing tags to a server
Using aliases for git commands
You can use git offline!
Remote repositories: fetching and pushing
``` |
Vermes is an obsolete taxon for non-arthropod invertebrates.
Vermes may also refer to:
People
Albán Vermes (born 1957), Hungarian swimmer
Géza Vermes (1924-2013), British religious scholar
Krisztián Vermes (born 1985), Hungarian footballer
Peter Vermes (born 1966), American soccer player and coach
Timur Vermes (born 1967), German writer.
Places
Vermeș, commune in Caraș-Severin County, Romania
Vermes, Switzerland, municipality in Delémont
Vermeș, village in Lechința commune, Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*
*/
package com.haulmont.cuba.core.listener;
import com.haulmont.cuba.core.entity.Entity;
import java.sql.Connection;
/**
* Defines the contract for handling of entities after they have been deleted or marked as deleted in DB.
*/
public interface AfterDeleteEntityListener<T extends Entity> {
/**
* Executes after the object has been deleted or marked as deleted in DB.
* <p>
* Modification of the entity state or using {@code EntityManager} is impossible here. Use {@code connection} if you
* need to make changes in the database.
*
* @param entity deleted entity
* @param connection JDBC connection to the database of the deleted entity
*/
void onAfterDelete(T entity, Connection connection);
}
``` |
```c
/*
LZ4 - Fast LZ compression algorithm
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
You can contact the author at :
- LZ4 source repository : path_to_url
- LZ4 public forum : path_to_url#!forum/lz4c
*/
/**************************************
* Tuning parameters
**************************************/
/*
* HEAPMODE :
* Select how default compression functions will allocate memory for their hash table,
* in memory stack (0:default, fastest), or in memory heap (1:requires malloc()).
*/
#define HEAPMODE 0
/*
* ACCELERATION_DEFAULT :
* Select "acceleration" for LZ4_compress_fast() when parameter value <= 0
*/
#define ACCELERATION_DEFAULT 1
/**************************************
* CPU Feature Detection
**************************************/
/*
* LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT
* Define this parameter if your target system or compiler does not support hardware bit count
*/
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN32_WCE) /* Visual Studio for Windows CE does not support Hardware bit count */
# define LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT
#endif
/**************************************
* Includes
**************************************/
#include "lz4.h"
/**************************************
* Compiler Options
**************************************/
#ifdef _MSC_VER /* Visual Studio */
# define FORCE_INLINE static __forceinline
# include <intrin.h>
# pragma warning(disable : 4127) /* disable: C4127: conditional expression is constant */
# pragma warning(disable : 4293) /* disable: C4293: too large shift (32-bits) */
#else
# if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) /* C99 */
# if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
# define FORCE_INLINE static inline __attribute__((always_inline))
# else
# define FORCE_INLINE static inline
# endif
# else
# define FORCE_INLINE static
# endif /* __STDC_VERSION__ */
#endif /* _MSC_VER */
/* LZ4_GCC_VERSION is defined into lz4.h */
#if (LZ4_GCC_VERSION >= 302) || (__INTEL_COMPILER >= 800) || defined(__clang__)
# define expect(expr,value) (__builtin_expect ((expr),(value)) )
#else
# define expect(expr,value) (expr)
#endif
#define likely(expr) expect((expr) != 0, 1)
#define unlikely(expr) expect((expr) != 0, 0)
/**************************************
* Memory routines
**************************************/
#include <stdlib.h> /* malloc, calloc, free */
#define ALLOCATOR(n,s) calloc(n,s)
#define FREEMEM free
#include <string.h> /* memset, memcpy */
#define MEM_INIT memset
/**************************************
* Basic Types
**************************************/
#if defined (__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) /* C99 */
# include <stdint.h>
typedef uint8_t BYTE;
typedef uint16_t U16;
typedef uint32_t U32;
typedef int32_t S32;
typedef uint64_t U64;
#else
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
typedef unsigned short U16;
typedef unsigned int U32;
typedef signed int S32;
typedef unsigned long long U64;
#endif
/**************************************
* Reading and writing into memory
**************************************/
#define STEPSIZE sizeof(size_t)
static unsigned LZ4_64bits(void) { return sizeof(void*)==8; }
static unsigned LZ4_isLittleEndian(void)
{
const union { U32 i; BYTE c[4]; } one = { 1 }; /* don't use static : performance detrimental */
return one.c[0];
}
static U16 LZ4_read16(const void* memPtr)
{
U16 val16;
memcpy(&val16, memPtr, 2);
return val16;
}
static U16 LZ4_readLE16(const void* memPtr)
{
if (LZ4_isLittleEndian())
{
return LZ4_read16(memPtr);
}
else
{
const BYTE* p = (const BYTE*)memPtr;
return (U16)((U16)p[0] + (p[1]<<8));
}
}
static void LZ4_writeLE16(void* memPtr, U16 value)
{
if (LZ4_isLittleEndian())
{
memcpy(memPtr, &value, 2);
}
else
{
BYTE* p = (BYTE*)memPtr;
p[0] = (BYTE) value;
p[1] = (BYTE)(value>>8);
}
}
static U32 LZ4_read32(const void* memPtr)
{
U32 val32;
memcpy(&val32, memPtr, 4);
return val32;
}
static U64 LZ4_read64(const void* memPtr)
{
U64 val64;
memcpy(&val64, memPtr, 8);
return val64;
}
static size_t LZ4_read_ARCH(const void* p)
{
if (LZ4_64bits())
return (size_t)LZ4_read64(p);
else
return (size_t)LZ4_read32(p);
}
static void LZ4_copy4(void* dstPtr, const void* srcPtr) { memcpy(dstPtr, srcPtr, 4); }
static void LZ4_copy8(void* dstPtr, const void* srcPtr) { memcpy(dstPtr, srcPtr, 8); }
/* customized version of memcpy, which may overwrite up to 7 bytes beyond dstEnd */
static void LZ4_wildCopy(void* dstPtr, const void* srcPtr, void* dstEnd)
{
BYTE* d = (BYTE*)dstPtr;
const BYTE* s = (const BYTE*)srcPtr;
BYTE* e = (BYTE*)dstEnd;
do { LZ4_copy8(d,s); d+=8; s+=8; } while (d<e);
}
/**************************************
* Common Constants
**************************************/
#define MINMATCH 4
#define COPYLENGTH 8
#define LASTLITERALS 5
#define MFLIMIT (COPYLENGTH+MINMATCH)
static const int LZ4_minLength = (MFLIMIT+1);
#define KB *(1 <<10)
#define MB *(1 <<20)
#define GB *(1U<<30)
#define MAXD_LOG 16
#define MAX_DISTANCE ((1 << MAXD_LOG) - 1)
#define ML_BITS 4
#define ML_MASK ((1U<<ML_BITS)-1)
#define RUN_BITS (8-ML_BITS)
#define RUN_MASK ((1U<<RUN_BITS)-1)
/**************************************
* Common Utils
**************************************/
#define LZ4_STATIC_ASSERT(c) { enum { LZ4_static_assert = 1/(int)(!!(c)) }; } /* use only *after* variable declarations */
/**************************************
* Common functions
**************************************/
static unsigned LZ4_NbCommonBytes (register size_t val)
{
if (LZ4_isLittleEndian())
{
if (LZ4_64bits())
{
# if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN64) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
unsigned long r = 0;
_BitScanForward64( &r, (U64)val );
return (int)(r>>3);
# elif (defined(__clang__) || (LZ4_GCC_VERSION >= 304)) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
return (__builtin_ctzll((U64)val) >> 3);
# else
static const int DeBruijnBytePos[64] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 3, 1, 3, 1, 4, 2, 7, 0, 2, 3, 6, 1, 5, 3, 5, 1, 3, 4, 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 2, 6, 5, 5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 2, 4, 6, 4, 4, 5, 7, 2, 6, 5, 7, 6, 7, 7 };
return DeBruijnBytePos[((U64)((val & -(long long)val) * 0x0218A392CDABBD3FULL)) >> 58];
# endif
}
else /* 32 bits */
{
# if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
unsigned long r;
_BitScanForward( &r, (U32)val );
return (int)(r>>3);
# elif (defined(__clang__) || (LZ4_GCC_VERSION >= 304)) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
return (__builtin_ctz((U32)val) >> 3);
# else
static const int DeBruijnBytePos[32] = { 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 2, 0, 1, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1 };
return DeBruijnBytePos[((U32)((val & -(S32)val) * 0x077CB531U)) >> 27];
# endif
}
}
else /* Big Endian CPU */
{
if (LZ4_64bits())
{
# if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_WIN64) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
unsigned long r = 0;
_BitScanReverse64( &r, val );
return (unsigned)(r>>3);
# elif (defined(__clang__) || (LZ4_GCC_VERSION >= 304)) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
return (__builtin_clzll((U64)val) >> 3);
# else
unsigned r;
if (!(val>>32)) { r=4; } else { r=0; val>>=32; }
if (!(val>>16)) { r+=2; val>>=8; } else { val>>=24; }
r += (!val);
return r;
# endif
}
else /* 32 bits */
{
# if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
unsigned long r = 0;
_BitScanReverse( &r, (unsigned long)val );
return (unsigned)(r>>3);
# elif (defined(__clang__) || (LZ4_GCC_VERSION >= 304)) && !defined(LZ4_FORCE_SW_BITCOUNT)
return (__builtin_clz((U32)val) >> 3);
# else
unsigned r;
if (!(val>>16)) { r=2; val>>=8; } else { r=0; val>>=24; }
r += (!val);
return r;
# endif
}
}
}
static unsigned LZ4_count(const BYTE* pIn, const BYTE* pMatch, const BYTE* pInLimit)
{
const BYTE* const pStart = pIn;
while (likely(pIn<pInLimit-(STEPSIZE-1)))
{
size_t diff = LZ4_read_ARCH(pMatch) ^ LZ4_read_ARCH(pIn);
if (!diff) { pIn+=STEPSIZE; pMatch+=STEPSIZE; continue; }
pIn += LZ4_NbCommonBytes(diff);
return (unsigned)(pIn - pStart);
}
if (LZ4_64bits()) if ((pIn<(pInLimit-3)) && (LZ4_read32(pMatch) == LZ4_read32(pIn))) { pIn+=4; pMatch+=4; }
if ((pIn<(pInLimit-1)) && (LZ4_read16(pMatch) == LZ4_read16(pIn))) { pIn+=2; pMatch+=2; }
if ((pIn<pInLimit) && (*pMatch == *pIn)) pIn++;
return (unsigned)(pIn - pStart);
}
#ifndef LZ4_COMMONDEFS_ONLY
/**************************************
* Local Constants
**************************************/
#define LZ4_HASHLOG (LZ4_MEMORY_USAGE-2)
#define HASHTABLESIZE (1 << LZ4_MEMORY_USAGE)
#define HASH_SIZE_U32 (1 << LZ4_HASHLOG) /* required as macro for static allocation */
static const int LZ4_64Klimit = ((64 KB) + (MFLIMIT-1));
static const U32 LZ4_skipTrigger = 6; /* Increase this value ==> compression run slower on incompressible data */
/**************************************
* Local Structures and types
**************************************/
typedef struct {
U32 hashTable[HASH_SIZE_U32];
U32 currentOffset;
U32 initCheck;
const BYTE* dictionary;
BYTE* bufferStart; /* obsolete, used for slideInputBuffer */
U32 dictSize;
} LZ4_stream_t_internal;
typedef enum { notLimited = 0, limitedOutput = 1 } limitedOutput_directive;
typedef enum { byPtr, byU32, byU16 } tableType_t;
typedef enum { noDict = 0, withPrefix64k, usingExtDict } dict_directive;
typedef enum { noDictIssue = 0, dictSmall } dictIssue_directive;
typedef enum { endOnOutputSize = 0, endOnInputSize = 1 } endCondition_directive;
typedef enum { full = 0, partial = 1 } earlyEnd_directive;
/**************************************
* Local Utils
**************************************/
int LZ4_versionNumber (void) { return LZ4_VERSION_NUMBER; }
int LZ4_compressBound(int isize) { return LZ4_COMPRESSBOUND(isize); }
int LZ4_sizeofState() { return LZ4_STREAMSIZE; }
/********************************
* Compression functions
********************************/
static U32 LZ4_hashSequence(U32 sequence, tableType_t const tableType)
{
if (tableType == byU16)
return (((sequence) * 2654435761U) >> ((MINMATCH*8)-(LZ4_HASHLOG+1)));
else
return (((sequence) * 2654435761U) >> ((MINMATCH*8)-LZ4_HASHLOG));
}
static const U64 prime5bytes = 889523592379ULL;
static U32 LZ4_hashSequence64(size_t sequence, tableType_t const tableType)
{
const U32 hashLog = (tableType == byU16) ? LZ4_HASHLOG+1 : LZ4_HASHLOG;
const U32 hashMask = (1<<hashLog) - 1;
return ((sequence * prime5bytes) >> (40 - hashLog)) & hashMask;
}
static U32 LZ4_hashSequenceT(size_t sequence, tableType_t const tableType)
{
if (LZ4_64bits())
return LZ4_hashSequence64(sequence, tableType);
return LZ4_hashSequence((U32)sequence, tableType);
}
static U32 LZ4_hashPosition(const void* p, tableType_t tableType) { return LZ4_hashSequenceT(LZ4_read_ARCH(p), tableType); }
static void LZ4_putPositionOnHash(const BYTE* p, U32 h, void* tableBase, tableType_t const tableType, const BYTE* srcBase)
{
switch (tableType)
{
case byPtr: { const BYTE** hashTable = (const BYTE**)tableBase; hashTable[h] = p; return; }
case byU32: { U32* hashTable = (U32*) tableBase; hashTable[h] = (U32)(p-srcBase); return; }
case byU16: { U16* hashTable = (U16*) tableBase; hashTable[h] = (U16)(p-srcBase); return; }
}
}
static void LZ4_putPosition(const BYTE* p, void* tableBase, tableType_t tableType, const BYTE* srcBase)
{
U32 h = LZ4_hashPosition(p, tableType);
LZ4_putPositionOnHash(p, h, tableBase, tableType, srcBase);
}
static const BYTE* LZ4_getPositionOnHash(U32 h, void* tableBase, tableType_t tableType, const BYTE* srcBase)
{
if (tableType == byPtr) { const BYTE** hashTable = (const BYTE**) tableBase; return hashTable[h]; }
if (tableType == byU32) { U32* hashTable = (U32*) tableBase; return hashTable[h] + srcBase; }
{ U16* hashTable = (U16*) tableBase; return hashTable[h] + srcBase; } /* default, to ensure a return */
}
static const BYTE* LZ4_getPosition(const BYTE* p, void* tableBase, tableType_t tableType, const BYTE* srcBase)
{
U32 h = LZ4_hashPosition(p, tableType);
return LZ4_getPositionOnHash(h, tableBase, tableType, srcBase);
}
FORCE_INLINE int LZ4_compress_generic(
void* const ctx,
const char* const source,
char* const dest,
const int inputSize,
const int maxOutputSize,
const limitedOutput_directive outputLimited,
const tableType_t tableType,
const dict_directive dict,
const dictIssue_directive dictIssue,
const U32 acceleration)
{
LZ4_stream_t_internal* const dictPtr = (LZ4_stream_t_internal*)ctx;
const BYTE* ip = (const BYTE*) source;
const BYTE* base;
const BYTE* lowLimit;
const BYTE* const lowRefLimit = ip - dictPtr->dictSize;
const BYTE* const dictionary = dictPtr->dictionary;
const BYTE* const dictEnd = dictionary + dictPtr->dictSize;
const size_t dictDelta = dictEnd - (const BYTE*)source;
const BYTE* anchor = (const BYTE*) source;
const BYTE* const iend = ip + inputSize;
const BYTE* const mflimit = iend - MFLIMIT;
const BYTE* const matchlimit = iend - LASTLITERALS;
BYTE* op = (BYTE*) dest;
BYTE* const olimit = op + maxOutputSize;
U32 forwardH;
size_t refDelta=0;
/* Init conditions */
if ((U32)inputSize > (U32)LZ4_MAX_INPUT_SIZE) return 0; /* Unsupported input size, too large (or negative) */
switch(dict)
{
case noDict:
default:
base = (const BYTE*)source;
lowLimit = (const BYTE*)source;
break;
case withPrefix64k:
base = (const BYTE*)source - dictPtr->currentOffset;
lowLimit = (const BYTE*)source - dictPtr->dictSize;
break;
case usingExtDict:
base = (const BYTE*)source - dictPtr->currentOffset;
lowLimit = (const BYTE*)source;
break;
}
if ((tableType == byU16) && (inputSize>=LZ4_64Klimit)) return 0; /* Size too large (not within 64K limit) */
if (inputSize<LZ4_minLength) goto _last_literals; /* Input too small, no compression (all literals) */
/* First Byte */
LZ4_putPosition(ip, ctx, tableType, base);
ip++; forwardH = LZ4_hashPosition(ip, tableType);
/* Main Loop */
for ( ; ; )
{
const BYTE* match;
BYTE* token;
{
const BYTE* forwardIp = ip;
unsigned step = 1;
unsigned searchMatchNb = acceleration << LZ4_skipTrigger;
/* Find a match */
do {
U32 h = forwardH;
ip = forwardIp;
forwardIp += step;
step = (searchMatchNb++ >> LZ4_skipTrigger);
if (unlikely(forwardIp > mflimit)) goto _last_literals;
match = LZ4_getPositionOnHash(h, ctx, tableType, base);
if (dict==usingExtDict)
{
if (match<(const BYTE*)source)
{
refDelta = dictDelta;
lowLimit = dictionary;
}
else
{
refDelta = 0;
lowLimit = (const BYTE*)source;
}
}
forwardH = LZ4_hashPosition(forwardIp, tableType);
LZ4_putPositionOnHash(ip, h, ctx, tableType, base);
} while ( ((dictIssue==dictSmall) ? (match < lowRefLimit) : 0)
|| ((tableType==byU16) ? 0 : (match + MAX_DISTANCE < ip))
|| (LZ4_read32(match+refDelta) != LZ4_read32(ip)) );
}
/* Catch up */
while ((ip>anchor) && (match+refDelta > lowLimit) && (unlikely(ip[-1]==match[refDelta-1]))) { ip--; match--; }
{
/* Encode Literal length */
unsigned litLength = (unsigned)(ip - anchor);
token = op++;
if ((outputLimited) && (unlikely(op + litLength + (2 + 1 + LASTLITERALS) + (litLength/255) > olimit)))
return 0; /* Check output limit */
if (litLength>=RUN_MASK)
{
int len = (int)litLength-RUN_MASK;
*token=(RUN_MASK<<ML_BITS);
for(; len >= 255 ; len-=255) *op++ = 255;
*op++ = (BYTE)len;
}
else *token = (BYTE)(litLength<<ML_BITS);
/* Copy Literals */
LZ4_wildCopy(op, anchor, op+litLength);
op+=litLength;
}
_next_match:
/* Encode Offset */
LZ4_writeLE16(op, (U16)(ip-match)); op+=2;
/* Encode MatchLength */
{
unsigned matchLength;
if ((dict==usingExtDict) && (lowLimit==dictionary))
{
const BYTE* limit;
match += refDelta;
limit = ip + (dictEnd-match);
if (limit > matchlimit) limit = matchlimit;
matchLength = LZ4_count(ip+MINMATCH, match+MINMATCH, limit);
ip += MINMATCH + matchLength;
if (ip==limit)
{
unsigned more = LZ4_count(ip, (const BYTE*)source, matchlimit);
matchLength += more;
ip += more;
}
}
else
{
matchLength = LZ4_count(ip+MINMATCH, match+MINMATCH, matchlimit);
ip += MINMATCH + matchLength;
}
if ((outputLimited) && (unlikely(op + (1 + LASTLITERALS) + (matchLength>>8) > olimit)))
return 0; /* Check output limit */
if (matchLength>=ML_MASK)
{
*token += ML_MASK;
matchLength -= ML_MASK;
for (; matchLength >= 510 ; matchLength-=510) { *op++ = 255; *op++ = 255; }
if (matchLength >= 255) { matchLength-=255; *op++ = 255; }
*op++ = (BYTE)matchLength;
}
else *token += (BYTE)(matchLength);
}
anchor = ip;
/* Test end of chunk */
if (ip > mflimit) break;
/* Fill table */
LZ4_putPosition(ip-2, ctx, tableType, base);
/* Test next position */
match = LZ4_getPosition(ip, ctx, tableType, base);
if (dict==usingExtDict)
{
if (match<(const BYTE*)source)
{
refDelta = dictDelta;
lowLimit = dictionary;
}
else
{
refDelta = 0;
lowLimit = (const BYTE*)source;
}
}
LZ4_putPosition(ip, ctx, tableType, base);
if ( ((dictIssue==dictSmall) ? (match>=lowRefLimit) : 1)
&& (match+MAX_DISTANCE>=ip)
&& (LZ4_read32(match+refDelta)==LZ4_read32(ip)) )
{ token=op++; *token=0; goto _next_match; }
/* Prepare next loop */
forwardH = LZ4_hashPosition(++ip, tableType);
}
_last_literals:
/* Encode Last Literals */
{
const size_t lastRun = (size_t)(iend - anchor);
if ((outputLimited) && ((op - (BYTE*)dest) + lastRun + 1 + ((lastRun+255-RUN_MASK)/255) > (U32)maxOutputSize))
return 0; /* Check output limit */
if (lastRun >= RUN_MASK)
{
size_t accumulator = lastRun - RUN_MASK;
*op++ = RUN_MASK << ML_BITS;
for(; accumulator >= 255 ; accumulator-=255) *op++ = 255;
*op++ = (BYTE) accumulator;
}
else
{
*op++ = (BYTE)(lastRun<<ML_BITS);
}
memcpy(op, anchor, lastRun);
op += lastRun;
}
/* End */
return (int) (((char*)op)-dest);
}
int LZ4_compress_fast_extState(void* state, const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize, int maxOutputSize, int acceleration)
{
LZ4_resetStream((LZ4_stream_t*)state);
if (acceleration < 1) acceleration = ACCELERATION_DEFAULT;
if (maxOutputSize >= LZ4_compressBound(inputSize))
{
if (inputSize < LZ4_64Klimit)
return LZ4_compress_generic(state, source, dest, inputSize, 0, notLimited, byU16, noDict, noDictIssue, acceleration);
else
return LZ4_compress_generic(state, source, dest, inputSize, 0, notLimited, LZ4_64bits() ? byU32 : byPtr, noDict, noDictIssue, acceleration);
}
else
{
if (inputSize < LZ4_64Klimit)
return LZ4_compress_generic(state, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, byU16, noDict, noDictIssue, acceleration);
else
return LZ4_compress_generic(state, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, LZ4_64bits() ? byU32 : byPtr, noDict, noDictIssue, acceleration);
}
}
int LZ4_compress_fast(const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize, int maxOutputSize, int acceleration)
{
#if (HEAPMODE)
void* ctxPtr = ALLOCATOR(1, sizeof(LZ4_stream_t)); /* malloc-calloc always properly aligned */
#else
LZ4_stream_t ctx;
void* ctxPtr = &ctx;
#endif
int result = LZ4_compress_fast_extState(ctxPtr, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, acceleration);
#if (HEAPMODE)
FREEMEM(ctxPtr);
#endif
return result;
}
int LZ4_compress_default(const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize, int maxOutputSize)
{
return LZ4_compress_fast(source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, 1);
}
/* hidden debug function */
/* strangely enough, gcc generates faster code when this function is uncommented, even if unused */
int LZ4_compress_fast_force(const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize, int maxOutputSize, int acceleration)
{
LZ4_stream_t ctx;
LZ4_resetStream(&ctx);
if (inputSize < LZ4_64Klimit)
return LZ4_compress_generic(&ctx, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, byU16, noDict, noDictIssue, acceleration);
else
return LZ4_compress_generic(&ctx, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, LZ4_64bits() ? byU32 : byPtr, noDict, noDictIssue, acceleration);
}
/********************************
* destSize variant
********************************/
static int LZ4_compress_destSize_generic(
void* const ctx,
const char* const src,
char* const dst,
int* const srcSizePtr,
const int targetDstSize,
const tableType_t tableType)
{
const BYTE* ip = (const BYTE*) src;
const BYTE* base = (const BYTE*) src;
const BYTE* lowLimit = (const BYTE*) src;
const BYTE* anchor = ip;
const BYTE* const iend = ip + *srcSizePtr;
const BYTE* const mflimit = iend - MFLIMIT;
const BYTE* const matchlimit = iend - LASTLITERALS;
BYTE* op = (BYTE*) dst;
BYTE* const oend = op + targetDstSize;
BYTE* const oMaxLit = op + targetDstSize - 2 /* offset */ - 8 /* because 8+MINMATCH==MFLIMIT */ - 1 /* token */;
BYTE* const oMaxMatch = op + targetDstSize - (LASTLITERALS + 1 /* token */);
BYTE* const oMaxSeq = oMaxLit - 1 /* token */;
U32 forwardH;
/* Init conditions */
if (targetDstSize < 1) return 0; /* Impossible to store anything */
if ((U32)*srcSizePtr > (U32)LZ4_MAX_INPUT_SIZE) return 0; /* Unsupported input size, too large (or negative) */
if ((tableType == byU16) && (*srcSizePtr>=LZ4_64Klimit)) return 0; /* Size too large (not within 64K limit) */
if (*srcSizePtr<LZ4_minLength) goto _last_literals; /* Input too small, no compression (all literals) */
/* First Byte */
*srcSizePtr = 0;
LZ4_putPosition(ip, ctx, tableType, base);
ip++; forwardH = LZ4_hashPosition(ip, tableType);
/* Main Loop */
for ( ; ; )
{
const BYTE* match;
BYTE* token;
{
const BYTE* forwardIp = ip;
unsigned step = 1;
unsigned searchMatchNb = 1 << LZ4_skipTrigger;
/* Find a match */
do {
U32 h = forwardH;
ip = forwardIp;
forwardIp += step;
step = (searchMatchNb++ >> LZ4_skipTrigger);
if (unlikely(forwardIp > mflimit))
goto _last_literals;
match = LZ4_getPositionOnHash(h, ctx, tableType, base);
forwardH = LZ4_hashPosition(forwardIp, tableType);
LZ4_putPositionOnHash(ip, h, ctx, tableType, base);
} while ( ((tableType==byU16) ? 0 : (match + MAX_DISTANCE < ip))
|| (LZ4_read32(match) != LZ4_read32(ip)) );
}
/* Catch up */
while ((ip>anchor) && (match > lowLimit) && (unlikely(ip[-1]==match[-1]))) { ip--; match--; }
{
/* Encode Literal length */
unsigned litLength = (unsigned)(ip - anchor);
token = op++;
if (op + ((litLength+240)/255) + litLength > oMaxLit)
{
/* Not enough space for a last match */
op--;
goto _last_literals;
}
if (litLength>=RUN_MASK)
{
unsigned len = litLength - RUN_MASK;
*token=(RUN_MASK<<ML_BITS);
for(; len >= 255 ; len-=255) *op++ = 255;
*op++ = (BYTE)len;
}
else *token = (BYTE)(litLength<<ML_BITS);
/* Copy Literals */
LZ4_wildCopy(op, anchor, op+litLength);
op += litLength;
}
_next_match:
/* Encode Offset */
LZ4_writeLE16(op, (U16)(ip-match)); op+=2;
/* Encode MatchLength */
{
size_t matchLength;
matchLength = LZ4_count(ip+MINMATCH, match+MINMATCH, matchlimit);
if (op + ((matchLength+240)/255) > oMaxMatch)
{
/* Match description too long : reduce it */
matchLength = (15-1) + (oMaxMatch-op) * 255;
}
//printf("offset %5i, matchLength%5i \n", (int)(ip-match), matchLength + MINMATCH);
ip += MINMATCH + matchLength;
if (matchLength>=ML_MASK)
{
*token += ML_MASK;
matchLength -= ML_MASK;
while (matchLength >= 255) { matchLength-=255; *op++ = 255; }
*op++ = (BYTE)matchLength;
}
else *token += (BYTE)(matchLength);
}
anchor = ip;
/* Test end of block */
if (ip > mflimit) break;
if (op > oMaxSeq) break;
/* Fill table */
LZ4_putPosition(ip-2, ctx, tableType, base);
/* Test next position */
match = LZ4_getPosition(ip, ctx, tableType, base);
LZ4_putPosition(ip, ctx, tableType, base);
if ( (match+MAX_DISTANCE>=ip)
&& (LZ4_read32(match)==LZ4_read32(ip)) )
{ token=op++; *token=0; goto _next_match; }
/* Prepare next loop */
forwardH = LZ4_hashPosition(++ip, tableType);
}
_last_literals:
/* Encode Last Literals */
{
size_t lastRunSize = (size_t)(iend - anchor);
if (op + 1 /* token */ + ((lastRunSize+240)/255) /* litLength */ + lastRunSize /* literals */ > oend)
{
/* adapt lastRunSize to fill 'dst' */
lastRunSize = (oend-op) - 1;
lastRunSize -= (lastRunSize+240)/255;
}
ip = anchor + lastRunSize;
if (lastRunSize >= RUN_MASK)
{
size_t accumulator = lastRunSize - RUN_MASK;
*op++ = RUN_MASK << ML_BITS;
for(; accumulator >= 255 ; accumulator-=255) *op++ = 255;
*op++ = (BYTE) accumulator;
}
else
{
*op++ = (BYTE)(lastRunSize<<ML_BITS);
}
memcpy(op, anchor, lastRunSize);
op += lastRunSize;
}
/* End */
*srcSizePtr = (int) (((const char*)ip)-src);
return (int) (((char*)op)-dst);
}
static int LZ4_compress_destSize_extState (void* state, const char* src, char* dst, int* srcSizePtr, int targetDstSize)
{
LZ4_resetStream((LZ4_stream_t*)state);
if (targetDstSize >= LZ4_compressBound(*srcSizePtr)) /* compression success is guaranteed */
{
return LZ4_compress_fast_extState(state, src, dst, *srcSizePtr, targetDstSize, 1);
}
else
{
if (*srcSizePtr < LZ4_64Klimit)
return LZ4_compress_destSize_generic(state, src, dst, srcSizePtr, targetDstSize, byU16);
else
return LZ4_compress_destSize_generic(state, src, dst, srcSizePtr, targetDstSize, LZ4_64bits() ? byU32 : byPtr);
}
}
int LZ4_compress_destSize(const char* src, char* dst, int* srcSizePtr, int targetDstSize)
{
#if (HEAPMODE)
void* ctx = ALLOCATOR(1, sizeof(LZ4_stream_t)); /* malloc-calloc always properly aligned */
#else
LZ4_stream_t ctxBody;
void* ctx = &ctxBody;
#endif
int result = LZ4_compress_destSize_extState(ctx, src, dst, srcSizePtr, targetDstSize);
#if (HEAPMODE)
FREEMEM(ctx);
#endif
return result;
}
/********************************
* Streaming functions
********************************/
LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_createStream(void)
{
LZ4_stream_t* lz4s = (LZ4_stream_t*)ALLOCATOR(8, LZ4_STREAMSIZE_U64);
LZ4_STATIC_ASSERT(LZ4_STREAMSIZE >= sizeof(LZ4_stream_t_internal)); /* A compilation error here means LZ4_STREAMSIZE is not large enough */
LZ4_resetStream(lz4s);
return lz4s;
}
void LZ4_resetStream (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_stream)
{
MEM_INIT(LZ4_stream, 0, sizeof(LZ4_stream_t));
}
int LZ4_freeStream (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_stream)
{
FREEMEM(LZ4_stream);
return (0);
}
#define HASH_UNIT sizeof(size_t)
int LZ4_loadDict (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_dict, const char* dictionary, int dictSize)
{
LZ4_stream_t_internal* dict = (LZ4_stream_t_internal*) LZ4_dict;
const BYTE* p = (const BYTE*)dictionary;
const BYTE* const dictEnd = p + dictSize;
const BYTE* base;
if ((dict->initCheck) || (dict->currentOffset > 1 GB)) /* Uninitialized structure, or reuse overflow */
LZ4_resetStream(LZ4_dict);
if (dictSize < (int)HASH_UNIT)
{
dict->dictionary = NULL;
dict->dictSize = 0;
return 0;
}
if ((dictEnd - p) > 64 KB) p = dictEnd - 64 KB;
dict->currentOffset += 64 KB;
base = p - dict->currentOffset;
dict->dictionary = p;
dict->dictSize = (U32)(dictEnd - p);
dict->currentOffset += dict->dictSize;
while (p <= dictEnd-HASH_UNIT)
{
LZ4_putPosition(p, dict->hashTable, byU32, base);
p+=3;
}
return dict->dictSize;
}
static void LZ4_renormDictT(LZ4_stream_t_internal* LZ4_dict, const BYTE* src)
{
if ((LZ4_dict->currentOffset > 0x80000000) ||
((size_t)LZ4_dict->currentOffset > (size_t)src)) /* address space overflow */
{
/* rescale hash table */
U32 delta = LZ4_dict->currentOffset - 64 KB;
const BYTE* dictEnd = LZ4_dict->dictionary + LZ4_dict->dictSize;
int i;
for (i=0; i<HASH_SIZE_U32; i++)
{
if (LZ4_dict->hashTable[i] < delta) LZ4_dict->hashTable[i]=0;
else LZ4_dict->hashTable[i] -= delta;
}
LZ4_dict->currentOffset = 64 KB;
if (LZ4_dict->dictSize > 64 KB) LZ4_dict->dictSize = 64 KB;
LZ4_dict->dictionary = dictEnd - LZ4_dict->dictSize;
}
}
int LZ4_compress_fast_continue (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_stream, const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize, int maxOutputSize, int acceleration)
{
LZ4_stream_t_internal* streamPtr = (LZ4_stream_t_internal*)LZ4_stream;
const BYTE* const dictEnd = streamPtr->dictionary + streamPtr->dictSize;
const BYTE* smallest = (const BYTE*) source;
if (streamPtr->initCheck) return 0; /* Uninitialized structure detected */
if ((streamPtr->dictSize>0) && (smallest>dictEnd)) smallest = dictEnd;
LZ4_renormDictT(streamPtr, smallest);
if (acceleration < 1) acceleration = ACCELERATION_DEFAULT;
/* Check overlapping input/dictionary space */
{
const BYTE* sourceEnd = (const BYTE*) source + inputSize;
if ((sourceEnd > streamPtr->dictionary) && (sourceEnd < dictEnd))
{
streamPtr->dictSize = (U32)(dictEnd - sourceEnd);
if (streamPtr->dictSize > 64 KB) streamPtr->dictSize = 64 KB;
if (streamPtr->dictSize < 4) streamPtr->dictSize = 0;
streamPtr->dictionary = dictEnd - streamPtr->dictSize;
}
}
/* prefix mode : source data follows dictionary */
if (dictEnd == (const BYTE*)source)
{
int result;
if ((streamPtr->dictSize < 64 KB) && (streamPtr->dictSize < streamPtr->currentOffset))
result = LZ4_compress_generic(LZ4_stream, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, byU32, withPrefix64k, dictSmall, acceleration);
else
result = LZ4_compress_generic(LZ4_stream, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, byU32, withPrefix64k, noDictIssue, acceleration);
streamPtr->dictSize += (U32)inputSize;
streamPtr->currentOffset += (U32)inputSize;
return result;
}
/* external dictionary mode */
{
int result;
if ((streamPtr->dictSize < 64 KB) && (streamPtr->dictSize < streamPtr->currentOffset))
result = LZ4_compress_generic(LZ4_stream, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, byU32, usingExtDict, dictSmall, acceleration);
else
result = LZ4_compress_generic(LZ4_stream, source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize, limitedOutput, byU32, usingExtDict, noDictIssue, acceleration);
streamPtr->dictionary = (const BYTE*)source;
streamPtr->dictSize = (U32)inputSize;
streamPtr->currentOffset += (U32)inputSize;
return result;
}
}
/* Hidden debug function, to force external dictionary mode */
int LZ4_compress_forceExtDict (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_dict, const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize)
{
LZ4_stream_t_internal* streamPtr = (LZ4_stream_t_internal*)LZ4_dict;
int result;
const BYTE* const dictEnd = streamPtr->dictionary + streamPtr->dictSize;
const BYTE* smallest = dictEnd;
if (smallest > (const BYTE*) source) smallest = (const BYTE*) source;
LZ4_renormDictT((LZ4_stream_t_internal*)LZ4_dict, smallest);
result = LZ4_compress_generic(LZ4_dict, source, dest, inputSize, 0, notLimited, byU32, usingExtDict, noDictIssue, 1);
streamPtr->dictionary = (const BYTE*)source;
streamPtr->dictSize = (U32)inputSize;
streamPtr->currentOffset += (U32)inputSize;
return result;
}
int LZ4_saveDict (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_dict, char* safeBuffer, int dictSize)
{
LZ4_stream_t_internal* dict = (LZ4_stream_t_internal*) LZ4_dict;
const BYTE* previousDictEnd = dict->dictionary + dict->dictSize;
if ((U32)dictSize > 64 KB) dictSize = 64 KB; /* useless to define a dictionary > 64 KB */
if ((U32)dictSize > dict->dictSize) dictSize = dict->dictSize;
memmove(safeBuffer, previousDictEnd - dictSize, dictSize);
dict->dictionary = (const BYTE*)safeBuffer;
dict->dictSize = (U32)dictSize;
return dictSize;
}
/*******************************
* Decompression functions
*******************************/
/*
* This generic decompression function cover all use cases.
* It shall be instantiated several times, using different sets of directives
* Note that it is essential this generic function is really inlined,
* in order to remove useless branches during compilation optimization.
*/
FORCE_INLINE int LZ4_decompress_generic(
const char* const source,
char* const dest,
int inputSize,
int outputSize, /* If endOnInput==endOnInputSize, this value is the max size of Output Buffer. */
int endOnInput, /* endOnOutputSize, endOnInputSize */
int partialDecoding, /* full, partial */
int targetOutputSize, /* only used if partialDecoding==partial */
int dict, /* noDict, withPrefix64k, usingExtDict */
const BYTE* const lowPrefix, /* == dest if dict == noDict */
const BYTE* const dictStart, /* only if dict==usingExtDict */
const size_t dictSize /* note : = 0 if noDict */
)
{
/* Local Variables */
const BYTE* ip = (const BYTE*) source;
const BYTE* const iend = ip + inputSize;
BYTE* op = (BYTE*) dest;
BYTE* const oend = op + outputSize;
BYTE* cpy;
BYTE* oexit = op + targetOutputSize;
const BYTE* const lowLimit = lowPrefix - dictSize;
const BYTE* const dictEnd = (const BYTE*)dictStart + dictSize;
const size_t dec32table[] = {4, 1, 2, 1, 4, 4, 4, 4};
const size_t dec64table[] = {0, 0, 0, (size_t)-1, 0, 1, 2, 3};
const int safeDecode = (endOnInput==endOnInputSize);
const int checkOffset = ((safeDecode) && (dictSize < (int)(64 KB)));
/* Special cases */
if ((partialDecoding) && (oexit> oend-MFLIMIT)) oexit = oend-MFLIMIT; /* targetOutputSize too high => decode everything */
if ((endOnInput) && (unlikely(outputSize==0))) return ((inputSize==1) && (*ip==0)) ? 0 : -1; /* Empty output buffer */
if ((!endOnInput) && (unlikely(outputSize==0))) return (*ip==0?1:-1);
/* Main Loop */
while (1)
{
unsigned token;
size_t length;
const BYTE* match;
/* get literal length */
token = *ip++;
if ((length=(token>>ML_BITS)) == RUN_MASK)
{
unsigned s;
do
{
s = *ip++;
length += s;
}
while (likely((endOnInput)?ip<iend-RUN_MASK:1) && (s==255));
if ((safeDecode) && unlikely((size_t)(op+length)<(size_t)(op))) goto _output_error; /* overflow detection */
if ((safeDecode) && unlikely((size_t)(ip+length)<(size_t)(ip))) goto _output_error; /* overflow detection */
}
/* copy literals */
cpy = op+length;
if (((endOnInput) && ((cpy>(partialDecoding?oexit:oend-MFLIMIT)) || (ip+length>iend-(2+1+LASTLITERALS))) )
|| ((!endOnInput) && (cpy>oend-COPYLENGTH)))
{
if (partialDecoding)
{
if (cpy > oend) goto _output_error; /* Error : write attempt beyond end of output buffer */
if ((endOnInput) && (ip+length > iend)) goto _output_error; /* Error : read attempt beyond end of input buffer */
}
else
{
if ((!endOnInput) && (cpy != oend)) goto _output_error; /* Error : block decoding must stop exactly there */
if ((endOnInput) && ((ip+length != iend) || (cpy > oend))) goto _output_error; /* Error : input must be consumed */
}
memcpy(op, ip, length);
ip += length;
op += length;
break; /* Necessarily EOF, due to parsing restrictions */
}
LZ4_wildCopy(op, ip, cpy);
ip += length; op = cpy;
/* get offset */
match = cpy - LZ4_readLE16(ip); ip+=2;
if ((checkOffset) && (unlikely(match < lowLimit))) goto _output_error; /* Error : offset outside destination buffer */
/* get matchlength */
length = token & ML_MASK;
if (length == ML_MASK)
{
unsigned s;
do
{
if ((endOnInput) && (ip > iend-LASTLITERALS)) goto _output_error;
s = *ip++;
length += s;
} while (s==255);
if ((safeDecode) && unlikely((size_t)(op+length)<(size_t)op)) goto _output_error; /* overflow detection */
}
length += MINMATCH;
/* check external dictionary */
if ((dict==usingExtDict) && (match < lowPrefix))
{
if (unlikely(op+length > oend-LASTLITERALS)) goto _output_error; /* doesn't respect parsing restriction */
if (length <= (size_t)(lowPrefix-match))
{
/* match can be copied as a single segment from external dictionary */
match = dictEnd - (lowPrefix-match);
memmove(op, match, length); op += length;
}
else
{
/* match encompass external dictionary and current segment */
size_t copySize = (size_t)(lowPrefix-match);
memcpy(op, dictEnd - copySize, copySize);
op += copySize;
copySize = length - copySize;
if (copySize > (size_t)(op-lowPrefix)) /* overlap within current segment */
{
BYTE* const endOfMatch = op + copySize;
const BYTE* copyFrom = lowPrefix;
while (op < endOfMatch) *op++ = *copyFrom++;
}
else
{
memcpy(op, lowPrefix, copySize);
op += copySize;
}
}
continue;
}
/* copy repeated sequence */
cpy = op + length;
if (unlikely((op-match)<8))
{
const size_t dec64 = dec64table[op-match];
op[0] = match[0];
op[1] = match[1];
op[2] = match[2];
op[3] = match[3];
match += dec32table[op-match];
LZ4_copy4(op+4, match);
op += 8; match -= dec64;
} else { LZ4_copy8(op, match); op+=8; match+=8; }
if (unlikely(cpy>oend-12))
{
if (cpy > oend-LASTLITERALS) goto _output_error; /* Error : last LASTLITERALS bytes must be literals */
if (op < oend-8)
{
LZ4_wildCopy(op, match, oend-8);
match += (oend-8) - op;
op = oend-8;
}
while (op<cpy) *op++ = *match++;
}
else
LZ4_wildCopy(op, match, cpy);
op=cpy; /* correction */
}
/* end of decoding */
if (endOnInput)
return (int) (((char*)op)-dest); /* Nb of output bytes decoded */
else
return (int) (((const char*)ip)-source); /* Nb of input bytes read */
/* Overflow error detected */
_output_error:
return (int) (-(((const char*)ip)-source))-1;
}
int LZ4_decompress_safe(const char* source, char* dest, int compressedSize, int maxDecompressedSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxDecompressedSize, endOnInputSize, full, 0, noDict, (BYTE*)dest, NULL, 0);
}
int LZ4_decompress_safe_partial(const char* source, char* dest, int compressedSize, int targetOutputSize, int maxDecompressedSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxDecompressedSize, endOnInputSize, partial, targetOutputSize, noDict, (BYTE*)dest, NULL, 0);
}
int LZ4_decompress_fast(const char* source, char* dest, int originalSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, 0, originalSize, endOnOutputSize, full, 0, withPrefix64k, (BYTE*)(dest - 64 KB), NULL, 64 KB);
}
/* streaming decompression functions */
typedef struct
{
const BYTE* externalDict;
size_t extDictSize;
const BYTE* prefixEnd;
size_t prefixSize;
} LZ4_streamDecode_t_internal;
/*
* If you prefer dynamic allocation methods,
* LZ4_createStreamDecode()
* provides a pointer (void*) towards an initialized LZ4_streamDecode_t structure.
*/
LZ4_streamDecode_t* LZ4_createStreamDecode(void)
{
LZ4_streamDecode_t* lz4s = (LZ4_streamDecode_t*) ALLOCATOR(1, sizeof(LZ4_streamDecode_t));
return lz4s;
}
int LZ4_freeStreamDecode (LZ4_streamDecode_t* LZ4_stream)
{
FREEMEM(LZ4_stream);
return 0;
}
/*
* LZ4_setStreamDecode
* Use this function to instruct where to find the dictionary
* This function is not necessary if previous data is still available where it was decoded.
* Loading a size of 0 is allowed (same effect as no dictionary).
* Return : 1 if OK, 0 if error
*/
int LZ4_setStreamDecode (LZ4_streamDecode_t* LZ4_streamDecode, const char* dictionary, int dictSize)
{
LZ4_streamDecode_t_internal* lz4sd = (LZ4_streamDecode_t_internal*) LZ4_streamDecode;
lz4sd->prefixSize = (size_t) dictSize;
lz4sd->prefixEnd = (const BYTE*) dictionary + dictSize;
lz4sd->externalDict = NULL;
lz4sd->extDictSize = 0;
return 1;
}
/*
*_continue() :
These decoding functions allow decompression of multiple blocks in "streaming" mode.
Previously decoded blocks must still be available at the memory position where they were decoded.
If it's not possible, save the relevant part of decoded data into a safe buffer,
and indicate where it stands using LZ4_setStreamDecode()
*/
int LZ4_decompress_safe_continue (LZ4_streamDecode_t* LZ4_streamDecode, const char* source, char* dest, int compressedSize, int maxOutputSize)
{
LZ4_streamDecode_t_internal* lz4sd = (LZ4_streamDecode_t_internal*) LZ4_streamDecode;
int result;
if (lz4sd->prefixEnd == (BYTE*)dest)
{
result = LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize,
endOnInputSize, full, 0,
usingExtDict, lz4sd->prefixEnd - lz4sd->prefixSize, lz4sd->externalDict, lz4sd->extDictSize);
if (result <= 0) return result;
lz4sd->prefixSize += result;
lz4sd->prefixEnd += result;
}
else
{
lz4sd->extDictSize = lz4sd->prefixSize;
lz4sd->externalDict = lz4sd->prefixEnd - lz4sd->extDictSize;
result = LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize,
endOnInputSize, full, 0,
usingExtDict, (BYTE*)dest, lz4sd->externalDict, lz4sd->extDictSize);
if (result <= 0) return result;
lz4sd->prefixSize = result;
lz4sd->prefixEnd = (BYTE*)dest + result;
}
return result;
}
int LZ4_decompress_fast_continue (LZ4_streamDecode_t* LZ4_streamDecode, const char* source, char* dest, int originalSize)
{
LZ4_streamDecode_t_internal* lz4sd = (LZ4_streamDecode_t_internal*) LZ4_streamDecode;
int result;
if (lz4sd->prefixEnd == (BYTE*)dest)
{
result = LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, 0, originalSize,
endOnOutputSize, full, 0,
usingExtDict, lz4sd->prefixEnd - lz4sd->prefixSize, lz4sd->externalDict, lz4sd->extDictSize);
if (result <= 0) return result;
lz4sd->prefixSize += originalSize;
lz4sd->prefixEnd += originalSize;
}
else
{
lz4sd->extDictSize = lz4sd->prefixSize;
lz4sd->externalDict = (BYTE*)dest - lz4sd->extDictSize;
result = LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, 0, originalSize,
endOnOutputSize, full, 0,
usingExtDict, (BYTE*)dest, lz4sd->externalDict, lz4sd->extDictSize);
if (result <= 0) return result;
lz4sd->prefixSize = originalSize;
lz4sd->prefixEnd = (BYTE*)dest + originalSize;
}
return result;
}
/*
Advanced decoding functions :
*_usingDict() :
These decoding functions work the same as "_continue" ones,
the dictionary must be explicitly provided within parameters
*/
FORCE_INLINE int LZ4_decompress_usingDict_generic(const char* source, char* dest, int compressedSize, int maxOutputSize, int safe, const char* dictStart, int dictSize)
{
if (dictSize==0)
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize, safe, full, 0, noDict, (BYTE*)dest, NULL, 0);
if (dictStart+dictSize == dest)
{
if (dictSize >= (int)(64 KB - 1))
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize, safe, full, 0, withPrefix64k, (BYTE*)dest-64 KB, NULL, 0);
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize, safe, full, 0, noDict, (BYTE*)dest-dictSize, NULL, 0);
}
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize, safe, full, 0, usingExtDict, (BYTE*)dest, (const BYTE*)dictStart, dictSize);
}
int LZ4_decompress_safe_usingDict(const char* source, char* dest, int compressedSize, int maxOutputSize, const char* dictStart, int dictSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_usingDict_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize, 1, dictStart, dictSize);
}
int LZ4_decompress_fast_usingDict(const char* source, char* dest, int originalSize, const char* dictStart, int dictSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_usingDict_generic(source, dest, 0, originalSize, 0, dictStart, dictSize);
}
/* debug function */
int LZ4_decompress_safe_forceExtDict(const char* source, char* dest, int compressedSize, int maxOutputSize, const char* dictStart, int dictSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize, endOnInputSize, full, 0, usingExtDict, (BYTE*)dest, (const BYTE*)dictStart, dictSize);
}
/***************************************************
* Obsolete Functions
***************************************************/
/* obsolete compression functions */
int LZ4_compress_limitedOutput(const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize, int maxOutputSize) { return LZ4_compress_default(source, dest, inputSize, maxOutputSize); }
int LZ4_compress(const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize) { return LZ4_compress_default(source, dest, inputSize, LZ4_compressBound(inputSize)); }
int LZ4_compress_limitedOutput_withState (void* state, const char* src, char* dst, int srcSize, int dstSize) { return LZ4_compress_fast_extState(state, src, dst, srcSize, dstSize, 1); }
int LZ4_compress_withState (void* state, const char* src, char* dst, int srcSize) { return LZ4_compress_fast_extState(state, src, dst, srcSize, LZ4_compressBound(srcSize), 1); }
int LZ4_compress_limitedOutput_continue (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_stream, const char* src, char* dst, int srcSize, int maxDstSize) { return LZ4_compress_fast_continue(LZ4_stream, src, dst, srcSize, maxDstSize, 1); }
int LZ4_compress_continue (LZ4_stream_t* LZ4_stream, const char* source, char* dest, int inputSize) { return LZ4_compress_fast_continue(LZ4_stream, source, dest, inputSize, LZ4_compressBound(inputSize), 1); }
/*
These function names are deprecated and should no longer be used.
They are only provided here for compatibility with older user programs.
- LZ4_uncompress is totally equivalent to LZ4_decompress_fast
- LZ4_uncompress_unknownOutputSize is totally equivalent to LZ4_decompress_safe
*/
int LZ4_uncompress (const char* source, char* dest, int outputSize) { return LZ4_decompress_fast(source, dest, outputSize); }
int LZ4_uncompress_unknownOutputSize (const char* source, char* dest, int isize, int maxOutputSize) { return LZ4_decompress_safe(source, dest, isize, maxOutputSize); }
/* Obsolete Streaming functions */
int LZ4_sizeofStreamState() { return LZ4_STREAMSIZE; }
static void LZ4_init(LZ4_stream_t_internal* lz4ds, BYTE* base)
{
MEM_INIT(lz4ds, 0, LZ4_STREAMSIZE);
lz4ds->bufferStart = base;
}
int LZ4_resetStreamState(void* state, char* inputBuffer)
{
if ((((size_t)state) & 3) != 0) return 1; /* Error : pointer is not aligned on 4-bytes boundary */
LZ4_init((LZ4_stream_t_internal*)state, (BYTE*)inputBuffer);
return 0;
}
void* LZ4_create (char* inputBuffer)
{
void* lz4ds = ALLOCATOR(8, LZ4_STREAMSIZE_U64);
LZ4_init ((LZ4_stream_t_internal*)lz4ds, (BYTE*)inputBuffer);
return lz4ds;
}
char* LZ4_slideInputBuffer (void* LZ4_Data)
{
LZ4_stream_t_internal* ctx = (LZ4_stream_t_internal*)LZ4_Data;
int dictSize = LZ4_saveDict((LZ4_stream_t*)LZ4_Data, (char*)ctx->bufferStart, 64 KB);
return (char*)(ctx->bufferStart + dictSize);
}
/* Obsolete streaming decompression functions */
int LZ4_decompress_safe_withPrefix64k(const char* source, char* dest, int compressedSize, int maxOutputSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, compressedSize, maxOutputSize, endOnInputSize, full, 0, withPrefix64k, (BYTE*)dest - 64 KB, NULL, 64 KB);
}
int LZ4_decompress_fast_withPrefix64k(const char* source, char* dest, int originalSize)
{
return LZ4_decompress_generic(source, dest, 0, originalSize, endOnOutputSize, full, 0, withPrefix64k, (BYTE*)dest - 64 KB, NULL, 64 KB);
}
#endif /* LZ4_COMMONDEFS_ONLY */
``` |
İsmail Özdağlar (born September 17, 1950) is a Turkish politician and former government minister. He was convicted of misuse of ministerial powers.
Early life
İsmail Özdağlar was born to Ali Özdağlar and his wife Akile in Demirci town of Manisa Province on September 17, 1950. He was educated in mechanical engineering at Middle East Technical University in Ankara. He completed his postgraduate studies at Indiana University and University of Michigan, USA.
He served as the executive at Taksan Co. before he entered politics.
Politics career
Ismail Özdağlar joined the newly established Motherland Party (ANAP), which came out as the majority party from the 1983 general election held on November 6. He was elected into the parliament representing his hometown Manisa. Prime minister Turgut Özal took İsmail Özdağlar into his cabinet formed on December 13, 1983 appointing him as State minister responsible for petroleum supply.
In 1985, rumors circulated about Özdağlar's involvement in corruption. He was accused of allowing shipping of petroleum to a higher cost than usual, and sharing the difference with the shipowner. It was claimed that Özdağlar received 25 million Turkish lira as part of the bribe. As it came to Prime minister Özal's notice, he immediately started a covered investigation by tasking his advisor Adnan Kahveci to bring evidence to him. Kahveci, a technology freak, secretly recorded the conversation on the bribery between Özdağlar and shipowner Uğur Mengenecioğlu using a cassette recorder, and submitted the voice tape to Özal. After listening to the recording tape several times, Özal ordered Özdağlar to his residence, and asked him to resign from the minister post when he managed Özdağlar to confess the crime.
39 ANAP deputies in the parliament submitted a motion to investigate the corruption case. On May 15, 1985, 311 of the total 400 deputies of the parliament voted in favor of a proposal to send Özdağlar before the Constitutional Court () for trial. The trial began on May 21, 1985. İsmail Özdağlar stood trial along with his father Ali Özdağlar and his brother-in-law Mehmet Kaymak, who were actively involved in the corruption. Even Özal testified in the court against Özdağlar. The supreme court concluded on February 14, 1986 that İsmail Özdağlar is guilty of malpractice, and sentenced him to two years in prison, a fine of 30,000 Turkish lira, a two-year ban from employment in state service and in addition the payment of trial expenses amounting to 281,410 Turkish lira. He was exempted from charges for bribery.
On February 24, 1986, Özdağlar announced his resignation. On March 5, 1986, he was stripped of his parliamentary immunity. He was acquitted of bribe charges, but convicted on misuse of ministerial powers. After serving nine months and eighteen days in prison, he was released on December 30, 1986.
Family life
Özdağlar is married to Zahide. They have a son, Mehmet, and a daughter, Asuman Özdağlar (b. 1974), who is a professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT and is married to economist Daron Acemoglu.
References
1950 births
Living people
People from Demirci
Middle East Technical University alumni
Indiana University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Turkish mechanical engineers
Deputies of Manisa
Motherland Party (Turkey) politicians
Government ministers of Turkey
Turkish politicians convicted of corruption
Members of the 45th government of Turkey
Ministers of State of Turkey |
Floria Pinkney (1903 – after May 1984) was a Progressive Era Black female garment worker and union activist and leader from Brooklyn, New York. She was the first African-American woman to hold a leadership role as an organizer within the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). As a legacy dressmaker, Pinkney was involved in the garment industry throughout her life.
Early life and education
Pinkney's parents were both originally from Florida and they migrated to Connecticut at the turn of the century. Pinkney's mother was a self-employed dressmaker. Pinkney was born in Connecticut in 1903. Shortly after Pinkney's birth, her then widowed mother moved the family to Brooklyn. Before working in the garment industry, Pinkney attended Manhattan Trade School for Girls. There, she was taught skills including sewing machine mechanics, sewing techniques, and basic academic skills like writing. In 1925, Pinkney received a scholarship to Brookwood Labor College, sponsored by the American Fund for Public Service (AFPS), commonly known as the Garland Fund, which supported radical political causes. She also received scholarship from the NAACP. The scholarship from AFPS gave Pinkney the ability to learn more about organizing and later on apply it to helping black workers succeed in the garment industry and fight prejudice. Her scholarship at Brookwood was extended two years due to her academic success, and Pinkney was recognized as a class speaker at graduation. Upon graduating, Pinkney become the first Black woman to graduate from Brookwood Labor College. Pinkney also studied at the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers, where she was one of the first five Black students to be admitted and the International People’s College in Denmark. In 1930, Pinkney won an award from the New York School of Social Work to do a 6 month Fellowship at the University of Copenhagen. This fellowship focused on work that was being done in Denmark in adult education and social organization.
In 1984, Pinkney attended a reunion of the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers.
Activism
Pinkney joined the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) in the 1920s and was quickly identified as a promising leader. She worked for several years before attending Brockwood Labor College. After graduating, she returned to the industry she was quickly appointed to into leadership positions. Among other roles, Pinkney served as Special Organizer for ILGWU in 1929. Pinkney was instrumental in the ILGWU's September 1929 drive to enroll black garment workers. She spoke alongside A. Philip Randolph, who lead the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and ILGWU Vice President Julius Hochman at St. Luke's in Harlem. Randolph endorsed Pinkney as an organizer for the ILGWU, calling her "a capable young woman". She worked beyond the garment district and was active in both the Harlem and Brooklyn communities.
Pinkney was on the board of managers for the Ashland Place YWCA in Brooklyn. She led YWCA branch’s Industrial Assembly and represented the Ashland Place Y at a regional conference in Trenton in 1926. She attended the 1930 YWCA Industrial Assemblies Convention in Detroit, where she was selected to represent the Industrial Assembly in Geneva, Switzerland.
Pinkney continued her advocacy work through the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), specifically working with the Laundry Workers Union.
In 1933, she was barred from the Cairo Hotel in Washington, D.C., and other delegates to the same labor conference marched in protest. Also in 1933, Congress passed NIRA, which led to a large increase in union membership, because of more protection of employee rights, and ultimately giving unions more power and visibility. In 1935, she was appointed to teach worker education classes at the Harlem YWCA and Utopia Neighborhood House.
Though known for her radical ideals, Pinkney differed from many of her peers as she also embraced labor interracialism. For example, her involvement with YWCA, a widely segregated organization. Though Pinkney existed in this segregated space, she took full advantage of her leadership roles and used her organizing abilities to build up the black community and union members to gain power and respect and from White women leaders.
References
Created via preloaddraft
African-American trade unionists
African-American women in politics
American women trade unionists
1903 births
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
International Ladies Garment Workers Union leaders
Trade unionists from New York (state)
Activists from Brooklyn
Brookwood Labor College alumni
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_PROFILER_PROFILER_LISTENER_H_
#define V8_PROFILER_PROFILER_LISTENER_H_
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "src/code-events.h"
#include "src/profiler/profile-generator.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
class CodeEventsContainer;
class CodeDeoptEventRecord;
class CodeEventObserver {
public:
virtual void CodeEventHandler(const CodeEventsContainer& evt_rec) = 0;
virtual ~CodeEventObserver() = default;
};
class V8_EXPORT_PRIVATE ProfilerListener : public CodeEventListener {
public:
ProfilerListener(Isolate*, CodeEventObserver*);
~ProfilerListener() override;
void CallbackEvent(Name name, Address entry_point) override;
void CodeCreateEvent(CodeEventListener::LogEventsAndTags tag,
AbstractCode code, const char* comment) override;
void CodeCreateEvent(CodeEventListener::LogEventsAndTags tag,
AbstractCode code, Name name) override;
void CodeCreateEvent(CodeEventListener::LogEventsAndTags tag,
AbstractCode code, SharedFunctionInfo shared,
Name script_name) override;
void CodeCreateEvent(CodeEventListener::LogEventsAndTags tag,
AbstractCode code, SharedFunctionInfo shared,
Name script_name, int line, int column) override;
void CodeCreateEvent(CodeEventListener::LogEventsAndTags tag,
const wasm::WasmCode* code,
wasm::WasmName name) override;
void CodeMovingGCEvent() override {}
void CodeMoveEvent(AbstractCode from, AbstractCode to) override;
void CodeDisableOptEvent(AbstractCode code,
SharedFunctionInfo shared) override;
void CodeDeoptEvent(Code code, DeoptimizeKind kind, Address pc,
int fp_to_sp_delta) override;
void GetterCallbackEvent(Name name, Address entry_point) override;
void RegExpCodeCreateEvent(AbstractCode code, String source) override;
void SetterCallbackEvent(Name name, Address entry_point) override;
void SharedFunctionInfoMoveEvent(Address from, Address to) override {}
const char* GetName(Name name) {
return function_and_resource_names_.GetName(name);
}
const char* GetName(int args_count) {
return function_and_resource_names_.GetName(args_count);
}
const char* GetName(const char* name) {
return function_and_resource_names_.GetCopy(name);
}
const char* GetConsName(const char* prefix, Name name) {
return function_and_resource_names_.GetConsName(prefix, name);
}
void set_observer(CodeEventObserver* observer) { observer_ = observer; }
private:
void AttachDeoptInlinedFrames(Code code, CodeDeoptEventRecord* rec);
Name InferScriptName(Name name, SharedFunctionInfo info);
V8_INLINE void DispatchCodeEvent(const CodeEventsContainer& evt_rec) {
observer_->CodeEventHandler(evt_rec);
}
Isolate* isolate_;
CodeEventObserver* observer_;
StringsStorage function_and_resource_names_;
DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ProfilerListener);
};
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
#endif // V8_PROFILER_PROFILER_LISTENER_H_
``` |
José María Medina (13 February 1921 – 16 October 2005) was a Uruguayan footballer. He played in five matches for the Uruguay national football team from 1941 to 1946. He was also part of Uruguay's squad for the 1941 South American Championship.
References
External links
1921 births
2005 deaths
Uruguayan men's footballers
Uruguay men's international footballers
Place of birth missing
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Paysandú |
```kotlin
package de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.osmnotes
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.AuthorizationException
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.ConflictException
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.ConnectionException
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.QueryTooBigException
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.osm.mapdata.BoundingBox
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.osm.mapdata.LatLon
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.osm.mapdata.toOsmApiString
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.user.UserLoginSource
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.wrapApiClientExceptions
import de.westnordost.streetcomplete.util.ktx.format
import io.ktor.client.HttpClient
import io.ktor.client.call.body
import io.ktor.client.plugins.ClientRequestException
import io.ktor.client.plugins.expectSuccess
import io.ktor.client.request.bearerAuth
import io.ktor.client.request.get
import io.ktor.client.request.parameter
import io.ktor.client.request.post
import io.ktor.http.HttpStatusCode
/**
* Creates, comments, closes, reopens and search for notes.
*/
class NotesApiClient(
private val httpClient: HttpClient,
private val baseUrl: String,
private val userLoginSource: UserLoginSource,
private val notesApiParser: NotesApiParser
) {
/**
* Create a new note at the given location
*
* @param pos position of the note.
* @param text text for the new note. Must not be empty.
*
* @throws AuthorizationException if this application is not authorized to write notes
* (scope "write_notes")
* @throws ConnectionException if a temporary network connection problem occurs
*
* @return the new note
*/
suspend fun create(pos: LatLon, text: String): Note = wrapApiClientExceptions {
val response = httpClient.post(baseUrl + "notes") {
userLoginSource.accessToken?.let { bearerAuth(it) }
parameter("lat", pos.latitude.format(7))
parameter("lon", pos.longitude.format(7))
parameter("text", text)
expectSuccess = true
}
return notesApiParser.parseNotes(response.body<String>()).single()
}
/**
* @param id id of the note
* @param text comment to be added to the note. Must not be empty
*
* @throws ConflictException if the note has already been closed or doesn't exist (anymore).
* @throws AuthorizationException if this application is not authorized to write notes
* (scope "write_notes")
* @throws ConnectionException if a temporary network connection problem occurs
*
* @return the updated commented note
*/
suspend fun comment(id: Long, text: String): Note = wrapApiClientExceptions {
try {
val response = httpClient.post(baseUrl + "notes/$id/comment") {
userLoginSource.accessToken?.let { bearerAuth(it) }
parameter("text", text)
expectSuccess = true
}
return notesApiParser.parseNotes(response.body<String>()).single()
} catch (e: ClientRequestException) {
when (e.response.status) {
// hidden by moderator, does not exist (yet), has already been closed
HttpStatusCode.Gone, HttpStatusCode.NotFound, HttpStatusCode.Conflict -> {
throw ConflictException(e.message, e)
}
else -> throw e
}
}
}
/**
* @param id id of the note
*
* @throws ConnectionException if a temporary network connection problem occurs
*
* @return the note with the given id. null if the note with that id does not exist (anymore).
*/
suspend fun get(id: Long): Note? = wrapApiClientExceptions {
try {
val response = httpClient.get(baseUrl + "notes/$id") { expectSuccess = true }
val body = response.body<String>()
return notesApiParser.parseNotes(body).singleOrNull()
} catch (e: ClientRequestException) {
when (e.response.status) {
// hidden by moderator, does not exist (yet)
HttpStatusCode.Gone, HttpStatusCode.NotFound -> return null
else -> throw e
}
}
}
/**
* Retrieve all open notes in the given area
*
* @param bounds the area within the notes should be queried. This is usually limited at 25
* square degrees. Check the server capabilities.
* @param limit number of entries returned at maximum. Any value between 1 and 10000
*
* @throws QueryTooBigException if the bounds area or the limit is too large
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the bounds cross the 180th meridian
* @throws ConnectionException if a temporary network connection problem occurs
*
* @return the incoming notes
*/
suspend fun getAllOpen(bounds: BoundingBox, limit: Int? = null): List<Note> = wrapApiClientExceptions {
if (bounds.crosses180thMeridian) {
throw IllegalArgumentException("Bounding box crosses 180th meridian")
}
try {
val response = httpClient.get(baseUrl + "notes") {
userLoginSource.accessToken?.let { bearerAuth(it) }
parameter("bbox", bounds.toOsmApiString())
parameter("limit", limit)
parameter("closed", 0)
expectSuccess = true
}
val body = response.body<String>()
return notesApiParser.parseNotes(body)
} catch (e: ClientRequestException) {
if (e.response.status == HttpStatusCode.BadRequest) {
throw QueryTooBigException(e.message, e)
} else {
throw e
}
}
}
}
``` |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.executor.engine.pushdown.jdbc;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.executor.callback.add.StatementAddCallback;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.executor.callback.execute.ExecuteUpdateCallbackFactory;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.executor.callback.execute.StatementExecuteUpdateCallback;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.executor.callback.replay.StatementReplayCallback;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.executor.engine.transaction.DriverTransactionalExecutor;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.driver.jdbc.core.connection.ShardingSphereConnection;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.binder.context.statement.SQLStatementContext;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.binder.context.type.TableAvailable;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.config.props.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.kernel.model.ExecutionGroup;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.kernel.model.ExecutionGroupContext;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.kernel.model.ExecutionGroupReportContext;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.context.ExecutionContext;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.execute.engine.driver.jdbc.JDBCExecutionUnit;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.execute.engine.driver.jdbc.JDBCExecutor;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.execute.engine.driver.jdbc.JDBCExecutorCallback;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.prepare.driver.DriverExecutionPrepareEngine;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.prepare.driver.jdbc.JDBCDriverType;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.process.ProcessEngine;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.metadata.ShardingSphereMetaData;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.metadata.database.ShardingSphereDatabase;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rule.ShardingSphereRule;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rule.attribute.datanode.DataNodeRuleAttribute;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.mode.metadata.refresher.MetaDataRefreshEngine;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* Driver JDBC push down execute update executor.
*/
public final class DriverJDBCPushDownExecuteUpdateExecutor {
private final ShardingSphereConnection connection;
private final String processId;
private final ConfigurationProperties props;
private final JDBCExecutor jdbcExecutor;
public DriverJDBCPushDownExecuteUpdateExecutor(final ShardingSphereConnection connection, final ShardingSphereMetaData metaData, final JDBCExecutor jdbcExecutor) {
this.connection = connection;
processId = connection.getProcessId();
props = metaData.getProps();
this.jdbcExecutor = jdbcExecutor;
}
/**
* Execute update.
*
* @param database database
* @param executionContext execution context
* @param prepareEngine prepare engine
* @param updateCallback statement execute update callback
* @param addCallback statement add callback
* @param replayCallback statement replay callback
* @return affected rows
* @throws SQLException SQL exception
*/
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public int executeUpdate(final ShardingSphereDatabase database, final ExecutionContext executionContext, final DriverExecutionPrepareEngine<JDBCExecutionUnit, Connection> prepareEngine,
final StatementExecuteUpdateCallback updateCallback, final StatementAddCallback addCallback, final StatementReplayCallback replayCallback) throws SQLException {
return new DriverTransactionalExecutor(connection).execute(
database, executionContext, () -> doExecuteUpdate(database, executionContext, prepareEngine, updateCallback, addCallback, replayCallback));
}
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
private int doExecuteUpdate(final ShardingSphereDatabase database, final ExecutionContext executionContext, final DriverExecutionPrepareEngine<JDBCExecutionUnit, Connection> prepareEngine,
final StatementExecuteUpdateCallback updateCallback, final StatementAddCallback addCallback, final StatementReplayCallback replayCallback) throws SQLException {
ExecutionGroupContext<JDBCExecutionUnit> executionGroupContext = prepareEngine.prepare(database.getName(), executionContext.getRouteContext(), executionContext.getExecutionUnits(),
new ExecutionGroupReportContext(processId, database.getName(), connection.getDatabaseConnectionManager().getConnectionContext().getGrantee()));
for (ExecutionGroup<JDBCExecutionUnit> each : executionGroupContext.getInputGroups()) {
addCallback.add(getStatements(each), JDBCDriverType.PREPARED_STATEMENT.equals(prepareEngine.getType()) ? getParameterSets(each) : Collections.emptyList());
}
replayCallback.replay();
ProcessEngine processEngine = new ProcessEngine();
try {
processEngine.executeSQL(executionGroupContext, executionContext.getQueryContext());
JDBCExecutorCallback<Integer> callback = new ExecuteUpdateCallbackFactory(prepareEngine.getType())
.newInstance(database, executionContext.getQueryContext().getSqlStatementContext().getSqlStatement(), updateCallback);
List<Integer> updateCounts = jdbcExecutor.execute(executionGroupContext, callback);
new MetaDataRefreshEngine(connection.getContextManager().getPersistServiceFacade().getMetaDataManagerPersistService(), database, props)
.refresh(executionContext.getQueryContext().getSqlStatementContext(), executionContext.getRouteContext().getRouteUnits());
return isNeedAccumulate(database.getRuleMetaData().getRules(), executionContext.getQueryContext().getSqlStatementContext()) ? accumulate(updateCounts) : updateCounts.get(0);
} finally {
processEngine.completeSQLExecution(executionGroupContext.getReportContext().getProcessId());
}
}
private Collection<Statement> getStatements(final ExecutionGroup<JDBCExecutionUnit> executionGroup) {
Collection<Statement> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (JDBCExecutionUnit each : executionGroup.getInputs()) {
result.add(each.getStorageResource());
}
return result;
}
private Collection<List<Object>> getParameterSets(final ExecutionGroup<JDBCExecutionUnit> executionGroup) {
Collection<List<Object>> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (JDBCExecutionUnit each : executionGroup.getInputs()) {
result.add(each.getExecutionUnit().getSqlUnit().getParameters());
}
return result;
}
private boolean isNeedAccumulate(final Collection<ShardingSphereRule> rules, final SQLStatementContext sqlStatementContext) {
if (!(sqlStatementContext instanceof TableAvailable)) {
return false;
}
for (ShardingSphereRule each : rules) {
Optional<DataNodeRuleAttribute> ruleAttribute = each.getAttributes().findAttribute(DataNodeRuleAttribute.class);
if (ruleAttribute.isPresent() && ruleAttribute.get().isNeedAccumulate(((TableAvailable) sqlStatementContext).getTablesContext().getTableNames())) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private int accumulate(final List<Integer> updateResults) {
int result = 0;
for (Integer each : updateResults) {
result += null == each ? 0 : each;
}
return result;
}
}
``` |
```clojure
(ns quo.components.calendar.calendar-year.view
(:require
[quo.components.calendar.calendar-year.style :as style]
[quo.components.markdown.text :as text]
[quo.theme]
[react-native.core :as rn]))
(defn view
[{:keys [selected? disabled? on-press]} year]
(let [theme (quo.theme/use-theme)]
[rn/touchable-opacity
{:on-press on-press
:style (style/container
{:selected? selected?
:disabled? disabled?
:theme theme})
:disabled disabled?}
[text/text
{:weight :medium
:size :paragraph-2
:style (style/text
{:selected? selected?
:theme theme})}
year]]))
``` |
Rojasia is a group of plants in the family Apocynaceae first described as a genus in 1905. , Plants of the World Online accepted two species:
Rojasia bornmuelleri (Schltr. ex Malme) Fontella, S.A.Cáceres & R.Santos
Rojasia gracilis (Morong) Malme
References
Asclepiadoideae
Apocynaceae genera
Taxa named by Gustaf Oskar Andersson Malme |
A bacchius () is a metrical foot used in poetry.
In accentual-syllabic verse we could describe a bacchius as a foot that goes like this:
Example:
When day breaks
the fish bite
at small flies.
The Christmas carol 'No Small Wonder' by Paul Edwards is a fair example of usage.
Metrical feet |
The 2007 Copa del Rey final was the 105th final since its establishment. The match took place on 23 June 2007 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid. The match was contested by Sevilla and Getafe, and was refereed by Julián Rodríguez Santiago. With a 1–0 victory, Sevilla – who also triumphed in the 2006–07 UEFA Cup a month earlier – won the trophy for the fourth time in their history; it was their sixth final, while Getafe had reached that stage for the first time ever (they also made it to the final a year later but lost again, to Valencia).
Road to the final
* Match abandoned after 57 minutes at 0–1 due to injury of Sevilla coach Juande Ramos; remainder of the game played on March 18 at the Coliseum Alfonso Pérez, Getafe.
Match details
References
External links
marca.com
AS.com
2007
1
Sevilla FC matches
Getafe CF matches
June 2007 sports events in Europe |
```html+erb
<div class="crayons-card p-6">
<h3 class="crayons-subtitle-2 mb-4">Activity</h2>
<ul>
<li><%= @organization.articles.size %> articles</li>
<li><%= @organization.followers.size %> followers</li>
</ul>
</div>
``` |
New Zealand had seven competitors (five men and two women) at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. All took part in the Alpine Skiing events; the highest finish by a New Zealand competitor was 30th place by Anne Reid in the Ladies Slalom.
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's slalom
Women
References
Official Olympic Report (PDF)
Olympic Winter Games 1968, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1968 Winter Olympics
1968
Winter Olympics |
Qiandaohu (886) is the lead ship of the Type 903 replenishment ship of the People's Liberation Army Navy.
Development and design
Type 903 integrated supply ship (NATO called Fuchi-class supply ship) is a new large-scale integrated supply ship of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy, designed by Zhang Wende. The later improved model is called 903A. The difference with 903 is that the displacement has increased from 20,530 tons to 23,000 tons.
All 9 ships have been built and are in service. The ship is a new generation of large-scale ocean-going integrated supply ship in China. Its supply equipment has been greatly improved compared to the earlier Type 905 integrated supply ship. It can be used for supply operations in horizontal, vertical, vertical, and sideways. It has two sides, three directions, and four stations. At the same time, the replenishment capability can complete fleet replenishment tasks in more complex situations. And the speed is higher than that of the Qinghaihu built with merchant ships as the standard, with a maximum speed of 20 knots, which can accompany fleet operations. The commissioning of this class of supply ship indicates that the People's Liberation Army Navy has a stable ocean-going combat capability, and this was proved in the subsequent Somalia escort missions. The 903 type integrated supply ship used some Russian equipment in the early stage, and later it was fully localized. This type of supply ship has undergone a comprehensive upgrade of electronic equipment, and has high formation communication capabilities, automatic statistics of materials, and the ability to report to formation command ships.
In the late 1990s, China’s integrated supply ship Similan built for the Thai Navy's light aircraft carrier formation is generally considered to be an attempt by China to build a modern integrated supply ship. In the following years, China has learned experience and lessons. Improved on the basis of the Similan, and finally the Type 903 integrated supply ship was designed and finalized by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation.
Construction and career
She was launched on 21 July 2003 at Huangpu Shipyard in Shanghai and commissioned on 30 April 2004 into the East Sea Fleet.
Qiandaohu participated in RIMPAC 2014.
On 3 April 2015, , , and Qiandaohu formed the twentieth escort fleet of the People's Liberation Army Navy and set sail from a military port in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, and went to the Gulf of Aden and Somali waters to take over The nineteenth batch of escort formations performed escort missions. On 7 November 2015, Jinan, Qiandaohu and Yiyang held a six-hour joint exercise with the U.S. Navy. This was the first Sino-U.S. joint force in the Atlantic. The exercise was conducted in the Atlantic waters southeast of Mayport, Florida. The US Navy ships involved in the exercise were , and . On 30 September, she made a goodwill visit to Stockholm.
Gallery
External links
Sinodefence.com
References
2003 ships
Qiandaohu-class replenishment ships
Ships built in China |
Shelton Eugene Quarles (born September 11, 1971) is an American football executive and former linebacker who is the director of football operations for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Vanderbilt and was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 1994. He also played for the BC Lions and the Buccaneers, the team he played for from 1997 to 2006.
Early years
Quarles is an alumnus of Whites Creek High School in Nashville, Tennessee and was a student and a letterman in football. In football, he won a first-team All-State honors as a senior, and finished his career with 30 sacks, 505 tackles, and five interceptions. He was also a member of National Honor Society. Shelton Quarles graduated from Whites Creek High School in 1990.
Playing career
Quarles played college football in Vanderbilt earning second-team All-Southeastern Conference honors as a senior and signed as an undrafted free agent by the Miami Dolphins in 1994 but was cut in training camp. Quarles then played for two seasons (1995-96) with the Canadian Football League's BC Lions before signing with the Buccaneers as a free agent in 1997.
Quarles helped lead the Buccaneers to their first Super Bowl championship in the 2002 season. Quarles also holds the record for the longest play in Buccaneers' history with a 98-yard interception return for a touchdown against the Green Bay Packers in 2001. On April 24, 2007, it was announced that the Bucs were going to release him before the 2007 NFL Draft after he failed a physical.
Executive career
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On August 1, 2007, the Buccaneers hired Quarles as a pro scout in their personnel department.
On January 20, 2011, the Buccaneers promoted Quarles to Coordinator of Pro Scouting.
On July 16, 2013, the Buccaneers promoted Quarles to director of pro scouting.
On May 29, 2014, the Buccaneers promoted Quarles to director of football operations.
Personal life
Quarles is married to his wife, Damaris, and have three children together: a daughter, Gabriela Nicole, and sons, Shelton Eugene Jr. and Carlos Antonio. They reside in Tampa Bay, Florida.
Quarles launched the IMPACT Foundation whose mission is to benefit at-risk children, youth, and their families by providing assistance, programs, and events designed to build self-esteem, provide unique life changing opportunities, and beneficiaries to set and achieve life goals.
Upon retiring Quarles was appointed by Florida Governor Charlie Crist to the board of the Tampa Bay Area Regional Transportation Authority. He served in the position until 2009.
References
External links
Tampa Bay Buccaneers profile
1971 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American football middle linebackers
BC Lions players
Canadian football linebackers
Miami Dolphins players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Nashville, Tennessee
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers scouts
Vanderbilt Commodores football players
National Football League executives
National Football League scouts
Tampa Bay Buccaneers executives |
```turing
BEGIN {
if ($ENV{PERL_CORE}) {
chdir 't' if -d 't';
@INC = ("../lib", "lib/compress");
}
}
use lib qw(t t/compress);
use strict;
use warnings;
use IO::Compress::Bzip2 qw($Bzip2Error) ;
use IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2 qw($Bunzip2Error) ;
sub identify
{
'IO::Compress::Bzip2';
}
require "encode.pl" ;
run();
``` |
Joslyn is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Allyn Joslyn (1901–1981), American stage, film and television actor
Betsy Joslyn (born 1954), Broadway musical and dramatic actress and soprano
Cliff Joslyn (born 1963), American information systems scientist
Frank Joslyn Baum (1883–1958), lawyer, soldier, writer, and film producer
Hezekiah Joslyn (died 1865), American abolitionist
Joslyn Hoyte-Smith (born 1954), former British 400m athlete
Lewis Joslyn, American politician
Marcellus L. Joslyn (1873–1963), founder of the Joslyn Manufacturing and Supply Company, a Chicago, Illinois electrical supply firm
Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826–1898), suffragist, Native American activist, abolitionist, freethinker, and prolific author
Maynard A. Joslyn (1904–1984), Russian-born American food scientist in the rebirth of the California wine industry after 1933
Patrick Allen Joslyn (born 1986), American drag queen known as Joslyn Fox
Steve Joslyn, American college baseball coach
See also
Joslyn Musey, protagonist of the novel Warchild
See also
Joslyn Art Museum, the principal fine arts museum in the state of Nebraska, United States of America
Joslyn Castle, folly located at 3902 Davenport Street in the District of Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Jocelyn
Joslin (disambiguation)
Josselin Castle |
"Corduroy" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam. The song is the eighth track on the band's third studio album, Vitalogy (1994). Despite the lack of a commercial single release, the song managed to reach number 13 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song was included on Pearl Jam's 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003).
Lyrics
The lyrical content for "Corduroy" can be interpreted in many ways, but one common theory is that they are about the pressures of fame. In an interview, vocalist Eddie Vedder stated:
It is about a relationship but not between two people. It's more one person's relationship with a million people. In fact, that song's almost a little too obvious for me. That's why instead of a lyric sheet we put in an X-ray of my teeth from last January and they are all in very bad shape, which was analogous to my head at the time.
Regarding the song's title, Vedder stated:
Yeah, that song was based on a remake of the brown corduroy jacket that I wore. I think I got mine for 12 bucks, and it was being sold for like $650. The ultimate one as far as being co-opted was that there was a guy on TV, predictably patterned, I guess, after the way I was looking those days, with long hair and an Army T-shirt. They put this new character on a soap opera, so there was a guy, more handsome than I, parading around on General Hospital. And the funny thing is, that guy was Ricky Martin.
Reception
Without being released as a single, "Corduroy" peaked at number 22 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number 13 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1995. Al Weisel of Rolling Stone called the song "hard edged and catchy." Chris True of AllMusic described it as "simple, straightforward rock, the kind that Pearl Jam excelled at." He added, "Classic Pearl Jam—earnest lyrics and vocals, powerful classic sounding guitars, loose yet in control rhythm section, bass driven and tension filled breakdown (with Eddie mumbling in the background, of course) is all here, even down to the loose jam style outro."
"Corduroy" can be heard in a 2008 advertisement for Conservation International that features Harrison Ford. The song was also featured in the Cold Case episode "The Long Blue Line" in 2009.
Live performances
"Corduroy" was first performed live at the band's performance of 15 March 1994 at the Fabulous Fox Theatre in St. Louis, MO. The song has become a concert favorite, although in concert it is generally played at a considerably faster tempo. Some live performances are preceded by a brief jam of Pink Floyd's "Interstellar Overdrive". Live performances of "Corduroy" can be found on the live album Live on Two Legs, various official bootlegs, the iTunes exclusive release The Bridge School Collection, Vol. 1, the Live at the Gorge 05/06 box set, and the live album Live at Lollapalooza 2007. Performances of the song are also included on the DVDs Touring Band 2000, Live at the Showbox, and Immagine in Cornice. The version of the song on The Bridge School Collection, Vol. 1 is an acoustic performance that has some lyrical changes towards the end, as well as a complete tempo change, with the song being played much slower and which more emphasis on Vedder's voice. There are also no drums in this version, with the percussion being played on a set of bongos. This version of the song was recorded live at the Bridge School Benefit.
Chart positions
References
External links
Lyrics at pearljam.com
[ Review of "Corduroy"] at Allmusic
1994 songs
Pearl Jam songs
Songs written by Eddie Vedder
Songs written by Stone Gossard
Songs written by Dave Abbruzzese
Songs written by Mike McCready
Song recordings produced by Eddie Vedder
Song recordings produced by Stone Gossard
Song recordings produced by Jeff Ament
Song recordings produced by Mike McCready
Song recordings produced by Dave Abbruzzese
Song recordings produced by Brendan O'Brien (record producer) |
```prolog
# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
# This file is machine-generated by lib/unicore/mktables from the Unicode
# database, Version 15.0.0. Any changes made here will be lost!
# !!!!!!! INTERNAL PERL USE ONLY !!!!!!!
# This file is for internal use by core Perl only. The format and even the
# name or existence of this file are subject to change without notice. Don't
# use it directly. Use Unicode::UCD to access the Unicode character data
# base.
return <<'END';
V8
68889
68890
68894
68895
68896
68897
68899
68900
END
``` |
```less
.ivu-affix {
position: fixed;
z-index: @zindex-affix;
}
``` |
Western Wyoming Community College (Western) is a public community college in Rock Springs, Wyoming. Western offers certificates, associate degrees, and a bachelor's degree. The college students are known as the Mustangs.
Since the local area is home to many dinosaur fossil finds, there are reproductions of various dinosaur skeletons in public areas of the college.
History
Western Wyoming Community College, the fifth of seven community colleges in Wyoming, was established in the fall of 1959. Through the efforts of a citizens’ committee, a campaign was begun, an election was held, and Western and the original district were created. In September, 1959, forty students enrolled for college credit courses with five full-time faculty teaching during the evening. Western celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2019.
From 1960 to 1961, Western moved to Reliance, from Rock Springs, to occupy the former Reliance High School and daytime classes began. In September, 1964, the original district was expanded to include all communities within Sweetwater County, a new board of trustees was elected, and the official name of the college became Western Wyoming Community College.
Consistent growth of the college led to the inauguration of a $1,822,000 building program on October 4, 1966. On November 11, 1967, ground-breaking ceremonies marked the beginning of construction on a new campus, and completion in June, 1969. Growth continued. In March, 1973, voters approved a $1,780,000 bond issue to provide additional instructional facilities. The new vocational-technical education building was ready for occupancy in fall, 1974, and the college center building was completed. In 1976, three residence halls were constructed to provide on-campus housing, made possible by a loan from the State Farm Loan Board. Western was granted accreditation by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools in April 1976.
Again, in 1981, the citizens of Sweetwater County demonstrated their support for Western by authorizing a building project that cost in excess of $63,000,000. This major expansion created one of the most modern and beautiful community college campuses in the West. The Rock Springs Daily Rocket-Miner advocated the expanded campus through the work of its late publisher, Charles E. Richardson. Students who enrolled in 1985 were the first to use new student housing, the Green River Center and the Technology and Industry shops. Between the fall of 1987 and fall of 1988, a new student commons area, classrooms and labs, offices, Children's Center, studios, and theatre were occupied. A new chemistry laboratory was completed for the fall of 1993. Construction of a fifth residence hall was approved in December, 1994, and completed in August, 1997. In 2022 Western received funds from the State of Wyoming and other entities to move forward with building a Health Sciences Building.
Student numbers have increased from 40 in 1959 to serving over 7,000 people per year as of 2019. These figures include all students – varying ages and interests, enrolled in the credit, non-credit and extension programs. Western has progressed from one graduate in 1962 to over 400 in 2018–2019. The commencement ceremony is held each year in May and includes Summer, Fall and Spring graduates. Over the years Western has awarded more than 9,200 associate degrees and certificates since tracking.
Location
Western Wyoming Community College is located in Rock Springs and has an extended campus center in Green River, Wyoming, along with other outreach centers across southwest Wyoming. The boundaries of the college district, with those of the county, enclose in the southwestern part of the state. Western serves Carbon, Lincoln, Sublette, Sweetwater, and Uinta counties, covering just over 29,000 square miles. The average elevation of the main campus is over 6,500 feet above sea level. Green River, which is located approximately west of the main campus site, together with Rock Springs, comprises the fourth largest population center in the State of Wyoming. The recreation areas of Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area, The Grand Teton National Park/Jackson Hole country, and Yellowstone National Park are all easily accessible from Western. The campus, consisting of , with modern facilities and equipment, can be easily reached by Greyhound Bus Lines and various airlines as well as by car on Interstate 80 and U.S. 191.
There is a Western Wyoming Community College Foundation. Former State Senator Robert H. Johnson was one of its members.
Academics
Western offers transfer degrees for students who plan to pursue a baccalaureate, occupational degrees, and occupational certificates for students who plan to directly enter the workforce or who want to learn new skills or brush up on others. Many of the certificates are embedded within the corresponding occupational degrees.
Athletics
Western Wyoming sponsors teams in two men's and three women's NJCAA sanctioned sports:
The Mustangs compete in the Wyoming Community College Athletic Conference which is in the NJCAA Region 9.
Museum and displays
The college features a free museum, an art gallery, and many displays that are open to visitors. The Weidner Wildlife Museum features mounted wildlife of 125 species collected worldwide. There are other natural history displays around the campus, including fossils and rock slabs from the Green River Formation, and five life sized dinosaur displays. The Western Art Gallery, located inside the front entrance, hosts changing displays of regional, national and student art, and there are sculptures around the campus, including replica Moai statues from Easter Island.
References
External links
Education in Sweetwater County, Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Rock Springs, Wyoming
Community colleges in Wyoming
Universities and colleges established in 1959
1959 establishments in Wyoming
Tourist attractions in Sweetwater County, Wyoming
NJCAA athletics |
M. Surendran was an Indian politician and former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Mettur constituency as a Praja Socialist Party candidate in 1967, and 1971 elections.
Electoral performance
References
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1967–1972
Praja Socialist Party politicians
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1971–1976
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
Journey 2001 is the first live DVD by the American rock band Journey, released in 2001. It is also the only live DVD to feature Steve Augeri on lead vocals, who replaced longtime singer Steve Perry in 1998 with the song "Remember Me" on the Armageddon soundtrack. It features footage of a concert recorded in December 2000, in Las Vegas, Nevada. The setlist was primarily old songs from the band's history, as well as two new songs from the then-upcoming album Arrival, which was released later in 2001. Kevin Shirley produced and mixed the audio tracks.
Track listing
"Program Start"
"Intro"
"Separate Ways (Worlds Apart)"
"Ask the Lonely"
"Guitar Solo"
"Stone in Love"
"Higher Place"
"Send Her My Love"
"Lights"
"Who's Crying Now"
"Piano Solo"
"Open Arms"
"Fillmore Boogie"
"All the Way"
"Escape"
"La Raza Del Sol (Intro)"
"La Raza Del Sol"
"Wheel in the Sky"
"Be Good to Yourself"
"Any Way You Want It"
"Don't Stop Believin'"
"Lovin', Touchin', Squeezin'"
"Faithfully"
"Credits"
References
Journey (band) video albums
2001 video albums
Live video albums
Columbia Records video albums
Albums produced by Kevin Shirley |
The Exposition Flyer was a passenger train jointly operated by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy (CB&Q), Denver & Rio Grande Western (D&RGW), and Western Pacific (WP) railroads between Chicago and Oakland, California, for a decade between 1939 and 1949, before being replaced by the famed California Zephyr.
History
In 1939, the Golden Gate International Exposition opened on Treasure Island in San Francisco Bay. In response, the CB&Q, D&RGW and WP decided to operate a train that could take passengers to the event. Service on the Exposition Flyer began on June 10, 1939. In the beginning, the train used steam locomotives as motive power and consisted of the heavyweight Pullman standard cars. In later years, however, the train would operate using diesel power and in the final months of service, used streamlined passenger cars. Initially, the train was supposed to be a temporary route, although, due to the train's popularity, which made it a significant rival to the City of San Francisco, the Chicago-Oakland train operated jointly by the Chicago & Northwestern, Union Pacific and Southern Pacific, it remained in operation until 1949. In 1949, the CB&Q, D&RGW and WP replaced the Exposition Flyer with the all streamlined California Zephyr, which operated over the same route.
Accidents
On the night of September 22, 1941, the eastbound Exposition Flyer collided head-on with a steam locomotive near Sunol, California. The steam locomotive engineer's watch was running slow, and he had failed to move his engine onto a siding. Three people, including the engineer and fireman on the Exposition Flyer, were killed.
On April 3, 1946, the Exposition Flyer derailed in eastern Nevada after passing over a switch at , killing two passengers.
On April 25, 1946, the Exposition Flyer was involved in its deadliest accident. The westbound Advance Flyer, another train operated by the CB&Q, made an emergency stop in the Chicago suburb of Naperville, Illinois just short of the CB&Q depot. The Exposition Flyer, travelling at around a short distance behind on the same track, rear-ended the Advance Flyer. Forty-seven people were killed in the Naperville train disaster, including the Exposition Flyer'''s fireman.
Route
The Exposition Flyer operated over the CB&Q between Chicago and Denver, the D&RGW between Denver and Salt Lake City, and the WP between Salt Lake City and Oakland. The westbound train left Chicago Union Station at 12:35 pm, and after traversing Illinois, the train crossed the Mississippi River at Burlington, Iowa, continuing through southern Iowa to Denver via Omaha and Lincoln, Nebraska. The train made use of the -long Moffat Tunnel, and was the first through passenger train to make use of the Dotsero Cutoff, as opposed to the former route via Colorado Springs, Pueblo and the Royal Gorge. After traveling through northern Nevada, the Exposition Flyer traveled through Feather River Canyon, although only those on the westbound Exposition Flyer were able to see the canyon during daylight hours. The train would finally arrive in San Francisco (Oakland with ferry connection to SF) at 10:30 pm two days later. The eastbound Exposition Flyer left San Francisco at 9 pm and arrived in Chicago at 11:55 pm two days later.
Some of the route was shared by the Missouri Pacific Railroad's Scenic Limited'', which ran between Kansas City and San Francisco. Beginning in 1946, a through Pullman car to and from New York City was introduced, allowing passengers an uninterrupted coast-to-coast journey via trains operated by the New York Central Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad on alternating days.
References
Named passenger trains of the United States
Night trains of the United States
Passenger trains of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad
Passenger trains of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad
Passenger trains of the Western Pacific Railroad
Passenger rail transportation in California
Passenger rail transportation in Illinois
Passenger rail transportation in Colorado
Passenger rail transportation in Utah
Passenger rail transportation in Iowa
Passenger rail transportation in Nebraska
Railway services introduced in 1939
Railway services discontinued in 1949 |
CHBE-FM (107.3 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Victoria, British Columbia. The station is owned by Bell Media and broadcasts a Top 40/CHR format. The radio studios and offices are on Broad Street in Victoria.
CHBE has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 20,000 watts horizontal polarization only. The transmitter is on Claudette Court in Victoria. CHBE broadcasts using HD Radio technology. The HD-2 digital subchannel carries the talk format on co-owned CFAX. The HD3 subchannel rebroadcasts the comedy format heard on CKST.
History
CFEX (2000-2004)
The station received approval in October 1999. It originally launched in May 26, 2000 as CFEX, a modern rock station branded as Extreme 107.3. It was owned by Seacoast Communications, which also owned CFAX in the city. On August 16, 2002, at 1:07 p.m., it changed to adult hits as B107.3.
Kool FM (2004-2019)
CFAX and CHBE were acquired by CHUM Limited in November 2004. On the 19th of that month, CHBE began playing all Christmas music. At Midnight on December 26, CHBE changed to hot AC as 107.3 Kool FM, bringing back the format since CHTT-FM flipped to adult hits in January that year. Kool's first song was The Black Eyed Peas' Let's Get It Started.
CHUM Ltd., in turn, was purchased on June 22, 2007 by CTVglobemedia, which now owns CFAX, CHBE and CIVI-TV in Victoria. Months later, CTVglobemedia would acquire CFBT-FM in Vancouver, with CHBE shifting to Top 40/CHR. The shift to top 40 proved unsuccessful, and around August 2010, songs from the 1980s and 1990s were phased back in the playlist, bringing the station back to hot AC.
The station placed 3rd in the Spring 2012 BBM Ratings for Victoria.
In its final rating survey as "Kool", the radio station placed 6th for the fall 2018 Numeris Diary Survey for Victoria.
Virgin Radio (2019-present)
On February 8, 2019, the station re-branded as 107.3 Virgin Radio. The last song played on "Kool" was "Thank U, Next" by Ariana Grande, while the first song on "Virgin" was "High Hopes" by Panic! At the Disco.
References
External links
107.3 Virgin Radio
HBE
HBE
HBE
Radio stations established in 2000
2000 establishments in British Columbia
Virgin Radio |
Audace was the name of at least three ships of the Italian Navy and may refer to:
, an launched in 1913 and sunk in 1916 following a collision.
, a destroyer ordered for Japan from Yarrow as Kawakaze transferred to Italy while building renamed Intrepido then Audace. Seized by Germany 1943, renamed TA20 and sunk in 1944.
, an launched in 1971 and decommissioned in 2006.
Italian Navy ship names |
Sainte-Dorothée was a commuter rail station operated by the Réseau de transport métropolitain (RTM) in Laval, Quebec, Canada.
It is a future Réseau express métropolitain station.
Origin of name
Sainte-Dorothée takes its name from the Sainte-Dorothée district of Laval, Quebec.
Between 1993 and 1995, prior to the modernization of the Deux-Montagnes Line, there were three stations served now by Sainte-Dorothée, from north to south: Laval-sur-le-Lac, Laval-Links, and Sainte-Dorothée. There were plans to amalgamate Île-Bigras into this station as well, but plans were shelved after an outcry from residents of Île-Bigras.
Location
The station is located at 1411 chemin du Bord-de-l'Eau at rue Gobeil, in Laval. It is easily accessible from Autoroute 440 which, west of Autoroute 13, becomes Avenue des Bois.
Future projects
Upon completion of the Réseau express métropolitain, this station is expected to be upgraded to rapid transit standards and integrated into the new network.
Connecting bus routes
Société de transport de Laval
References
External links
Sainte-Dorothée Commuter Train Station Information (RTM)
Sainte-Dorothée Commuter Train Station Schedule (RTM)
STL 2011 map
Former Exo commuter rail stations
Railway stations in Laval, Quebec
Réseau express métropolitain railway stations
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1995 |
```c
#include "uart.h"
#include "mem.h"
#include "c_types.h"
#include "user_interface.h"
#include "ets_sys.h"
#include "osapi.h"
#include "espconn.h"
#include "esp82xxutil.h"
#include "video_broadcast.h"
#include "commonservices.h"
#include <mdns.h>
#include "3d.h"
#define PORT 7777
#define procTaskPrio 0
#define procTaskQueueLen 1
static os_timer_t some_timer;
static struct espconn *pUdpServer;
//Tasks that happen all the time.
os_event_t procTaskQueue[procTaskQueueLen];
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR SetupMatrix( )
{
int16_t lmatrix[16];
tdIdentity( ProjectionMatrix );
tdIdentity( ModelviewMatrix );
Perspective( 600, 250, 50, 8192, ProjectionMatrix );
}
void user_pre_init(void)
{
//You must load the partition table so the NONOS SDK can find stuff.
LoadDefaultPartitionMap();
}
//0 is the normal flow
//11 is the multi-panel scene.
#define INITIAL_SHOW_STATE 0
extern int gframe;
char lastct[256];
uint8_t showstate = INITIAL_SHOW_STATE;
uint8_t showallowadvance = 1;
int framessostate = 0;
int showtemp = 0;
int16_t Height( int x, int y, int l )
{
return tdCOS( (x*x + y*y) + l );
}
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR DrawFrame( )
{
char * ctx = &lastct[0];
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
int i;
int sqsiz = gframe&0x7f;
int newstate = showstate;
CNFGPenX = 14;
CNFGPenY = 20;
ets_memset( frontframe, 0x00, ((FBW/4)*FBH) );
int16_t rt[16];
tdIdentity( ModelviewMatrix );
tdIdentity( ProjectionMatrix );
CNFGColor( 17 );
/*
*/
switch( showstate )
{
case 11: // State that's not in the normal set. Just displays boxes.
{
for( i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
{
int x = i%4;
int y = i/4;
x *= (FBW/4);
y *= (FBH/4);
CNFGColor( i );
CNFGTackRectangle( x, y, x+(FBW/4)-1, y+(FBH/4)-1);
}
break;
}
case 10:
{
int i;
for( i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
{
CNFGPenX = 14;
CNFGPenY = (i+1) * 12;
CNFGColor( i );
CNFGDrawText( "Hello", 3 );
CNFGTackRectangle( 120, (i+1)*12, 180, (i+1)*12+12);
}
SetupMatrix();
tdRotateEA( ProjectionMatrix, -20, 0, 0 );
tdRotateEA( ModelviewMatrix, framessostate, 0, 0 );
for( y = 3; y >= 0; y-- )
for( x = 0; x < 4; x++ )
{
CNFGColor( x+y*4 );
ModelviewMatrix[11] = 1000 + tdSIN( (x + y)*40 + framessostate*2 );
ModelviewMatrix[3] = 600*x-850;
ModelviewMatrix[7] = 600*y+800 - 850;
DrawGeoSphere();
}
if( framessostate > 500 ) newstate = 9;
}
break;
case 9:
{
const char * s = "Direct modulation.\nDMA through the I2S Bus!\nTry it yourself!\n\npath_to_url";
i = ets_strlen( s );
if( i > framessostate ) i = framessostate;
ets_memcpy( lastct, s, i );
lastct[i] = 0;
CNFGDrawText( lastct, 3 );
if( framessostate > 500 ) newstate = 0;
break;
}
case 8:
{
int16_t lmatrix[16];
CNFGDrawText( "Dynamic 3D Meshes", 3 );
SetupMatrix();
tdRotateEA( ProjectionMatrix, -20, 0, 0 );
tdRotateEA( ModelviewMatrix, 0, 0, framessostate );
for( y = -18; y < 18; y++ )
for( x = -18; x < 18; x++ )
{
int o = -framessostate*2;
int t = Height( x, y, o )* 2 + 2000;
CNFGColor( ((t/100)%15) + 1 );
int nx = Height( x+1, y, o ) *2 + 2000;
int ny = Height( x, y+1, o ) * 2 + 2000;
//printf( "%d\n", t );
int16_t p0[3] = { x*140, y*140, t };
int16_t p1[3] = { (x+1)*140, y*140, nx };
int16_t p2[3] = { x*140, (y+1)*140, ny };
Draw3DSegment( p0, p1 );
Draw3DSegment( p0, p2 );
}
if( framessostate > 400 ) newstate = 10;
break;
}
case 7:
{
int16_t lmatrix[16];
CNFGDrawText( "Matrix-based 3D engine.", 3 );
SetupMatrix();
tdRotateEA( ProjectionMatrix, -20, 0, 0 );
tdRotateEA( ModelviewMatrix, framessostate, 0, 0 );
int sphereset = (framessostate / 120);
if( sphereset > 2 ) sphereset = 2;
if( framessostate > 400 )
{
newstate = 8;
}
for( y = -sphereset; y <= sphereset; y++ )
for( x = -sphereset; x <= sphereset; x++ )
{
if( y == 2 ) continue;
ModelviewMatrix[11] = 1000 + tdSIN( (x + y)*40 + framessostate*2 );
ModelviewMatrix[3] = 500*x;
ModelviewMatrix[7] = 500*y+800;
DrawGeoSphere();
}
break;
}
case 6:
CNFGDrawText( "Lines on double-buffered 232x220.", 2 );
if( framessostate > 60 )
{
for( i = 0; i < 350; i++ )
{
CNFGColor( rand()%16 );
CNFGTackSegment( rand()%FBW2, rand()%(FBH-30)+30, rand()%FBW2, rand()%(FBH-30)+30 );
}
}
if( framessostate > 240 )
{
newstate = 7;
}
break;
case 5:
ets_memcpy( frontframe, (uint8_t*)(framessostate*(FBW/8)+0x3FFF8000), ((FBW/4)*FBH) );
CNFGColor( 17 );
CNFGTackRectangle( 70, 110, 180+200, 150 );
CNFGColor( 16 );
if( framessostate > 160 ) newstate = 6;
case 4:
CNFGPenY += 14*7;
CNFGPenX += 60;
CNFGDrawText( "38x14 TEXT MODE", 2 );
CNFGPenY += 14;
CNFGPenX -= 5;
CNFGDrawText( "...on 232x220 gfx", 2 );
if( framessostate > 60 && showstate == 4 )
{
newstate = 5;
}
break;
case 3:
for( y = 0; y < 14; y++ )
{
for( x = 0; x < 38; x++ )
{
i = x + y + 1;
if( i < framessostate && i > framessostate - 60 )
lastct[x] = ( i!=10 && i!=9 )?i:' ';
else
lastct[x] = ' ';
}
if( y == 7 )
{
ets_memcpy( lastct + 10, "36x12 TEXT MODE", 15 );
}
lastct[x] = 0;
CNFGDrawText( lastct, 2 );
CNFGPenY += 14;
if( framessostate > 120 ) newstate = 4;
}
break;
case 2:
ctx += ets_sprintf( ctx, "ESP8266 Features:\n 802.11 Stack\n Xtensa Core @80 or 160 MHz\n 64kB IRAM\n 96kB DRAM\n 16 GPIO\n\
SPI\n UART\n PWM\n ADC\n I2S with DMA\n \n Analog Broadcast Television\n" );
int il = ctx - lastct;
if( framessostate/2 < il )
lastct[framessostate/2] = 0;
else
showtemp++;
CNFGDrawText( lastct, 2 );
if( showtemp == 60 ) newstate = 3;
break;
case 1:
i = ets_strlen( lastct );
lastct[i-framessostate] = 0;
if( i-framessostate == 1 ) newstate = 2;
case 0:
{
int stat = wifi_station_get_connect_status();
CNFGDrawText( lastct, 2 );
int rssi = wifi_station_get_rssi();
uint16 sysadc = system_adc_read();
ctx += ets_sprintf( ctx, "Channel 3 Broadcasting.\nframe: %d\nrssi: %d\nadc: %d\nsstat:%d\n", gframe, rssi,sysadc, stat );
struct station_config wcfg;
struct ip_info ipi;
wifi_get_ip_info(0, &ipi);
if( ipi.ip.addr || stat == 255 )
{
ctx += ets_sprintf( ctx, "IP: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", (ipi.ip.addr>>0)&0xff,(ipi.ip.addr>>8)&0xff,(ipi.ip.addr>>16)&0xff,(ipi.ip.addr>>24)&0xff );
ctx += ets_sprintf( ctx, "NM: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", (ipi.netmask.addr>>0)&0xff,(ipi.netmask.addr>>8)&0xff,(ipi.netmask.addr>>16)&0xff,(ipi.netmask.addr>>24)&0xff );
ctx += ets_sprintf( ctx, "GW: %d.%d.%d.%d\nESP Online\n", (ipi.gw.addr>>0)&0xff,(ipi.gw.addr>>8)&0xff,(ipi.gw.addr>>16)&0xff,(ipi.gw.addr>>24)&0xff );
showtemp++;
if( showtemp == 30 ) newstate = 1;
}
break;
}
}
if( showstate != newstate && showallowadvance )
{
showstate = newstate;
framessostate = 0;
showtemp = 0;
}
else
{
framessostate++;
}
}
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR procTask(os_event_t *events)
{
static uint8_t lastframe = 0;
uint8_t tbuffer = !(gframe&1);
CSTick( 0 );
if( lastframe != tbuffer )
{
//printf( "FT: %d - ", last_internal_frametime );
uint32_t tft = system_get_time();
frontframe = (uint8_t*)&framebuffer[((FBW2/4)*FBH)*tbuffer];
DrawFrame( frontframe );
//ets_memset( frontframe, 0xaa, ((FBW/4)*FBH) );
lastframe = tbuffer;
//printf( "%d\n", system_get_time() - tft );
}
system_os_post(procTaskPrio, 0, 0 );
}
//Timer event.
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR myTimer(void *arg)
{
CSTick( 1 );
}
//Called when new packet comes in.
static void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR
udpserver_recv(void *arg, char *pusrdata, unsigned short len)
{
struct espconn *pespconn = (struct espconn *)arg;
uart0_sendStr("X");
/*
ws2812_push( pusrdata+3, len-3 );
len -= 3;
if( len > sizeof(last_leds) + 3 )
{
len = sizeof(last_leds) + 3;
}
ets_memcpy( last_leds, pusrdata+3, len );
last_led_count = len / 3;*/
}
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR charrx( uint8_t c )
{
//Called from UART.
}
void ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR user_init(void)
{
uart_init(BIT_RATE_115200, BIT_RATE_115200);
uart0_sendStr("\r\nesp8266 ws2812 driver\r\n");
// int opm = wifi_get_opmode();
// if( opm == 1 ) need_to_switch_opmode = 120;
// wifi_set_opmode_current(2);
//Uncomment this to force a system restore.
// system_restore();
#ifdef FORCE_SSID
#define SSID ""
#define PSWD ""
#endif
//Override wifi.
#if FORCE_SSID
{
struct station_config stationConf;
wifi_station_get_config(&stationConf);
os_strcpy((char*)&stationConf.ssid, SSID );
os_strcpy((char*)&stationConf.password, PSWD );
stationConf.bssid_set = 0;
wifi_station_set_config(&stationConf);
wifi_set_opmode(1);
}
#endif
CSSettingsLoad( 0 );
CSPreInit();
//Override wifi.
#if FORCE_SSID
{
struct station_config stationConf;
wifi_station_get_config(&stationConf);
os_strcpy((char*)&stationConf.ssid, SSID );
os_strcpy((char*)&stationConf.password, PSWD );
stationConf.bssid_set = 0;
wifi_station_set_config(&stationConf);
wifi_set_opmode(1);
}
#else
wifi_set_opmode(2);
#endif
pUdpServer = (struct espconn *)os_zalloc(sizeof(struct espconn));
ets_memset( pUdpServer, 0, sizeof( struct espconn ) );
espconn_create( pUdpServer );
pUdpServer->type = ESPCONN_UDP;
pUdpServer->proto.udp = (esp_udp *)os_zalloc(sizeof(esp_udp));
pUdpServer->proto.udp->local_port = 7777;
espconn_regist_recvcb(pUdpServer, udpserver_recv);
if( espconn_create( pUdpServer ) )
{
while(1) { uart0_sendStr( "\r\nFAULT\r\n" ); }
}
CSInit(1);
SetServiceName( "ws2812" );
AddMDNSName( "cn8266" );
AddMDNSName( "ws2812" );
AddMDNSService( "_http._tcp", "An ESP8266 Webserver", 80 );
AddMDNSService( "_ws2812._udp", "WS2812 Driver", 7777 );
AddMDNSService( "_cn8266._udp", "ESP8266 Backend", 7878 );
//Add a process
system_os_task(procTask, procTaskPrio, procTaskQueue, procTaskQueueLen);
//Timer example
os_timer_disarm(&some_timer);
os_timer_setfn(&some_timer, (os_timer_func_t *)myTimer, NULL);
os_timer_arm(&some_timer, 100, 1);
testi2s_init();
system_update_cpu_freq( SYS_CPU_160MHZ );
system_os_post(procTaskPrio, 0, 0 );
}
//There is no code in this project that will cause reboots if interrupts are disabled.
void EnterCritical()
{
}
void ExitCritical()
{
}
``` |
Little by Little may refer to:
Literature
Eric, or, Little by Little, an 1858 children's novel by Frederic W. Farrar
Little by Little, an autobiography by Jean Little
Little by Little, a 2001 book by Michael Tyquin about the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps
Music
Little by Little (musical), a 1999 off-Broadway musical
Little by Little (band), a 2000–2010 Japanese rock band
Albums
Little by Little..., by Harvey Danger, 2005
Little by Little (Tommy Emmanuel album), 2010
Little by Little: Collectors Edition, an EP by Robert Plant, or the title song (see below), 1985
Little by Little, by Lane 8, 2018
Songs
"Little by Little" (James House song), 1994
"Little by Little" (Oasis song), 2002
"Little by Little" (Robert Plant song), 1985
"Little by Little" (Rolling Stones song), 1964
"Little by Little", by Alice Cooper from Hey Stoopid, 1991
"Little by Little", by Dusty Springfield, 1966
"Little by Little", by Groove Armada from Goodbye Country (Hello Nightclub), 2001
"Little by Little", by Junior Wells, 1960
"Little by Little", by Laura and the Lovers, representing Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005
"Little by Little", by Nappy Brown, 1956
"Little by Little", by Phillip Crosby, 1963
"Little by Little", by Radiohead from The King of Limbs, 2011
"Little by Little", by Supertramp from Slow Motion, 2002
"Little by Little", by UB40 from Signing Off, 1980
"Little by Little", composed by Robert E. Dolan |
Less than Zero may refer to:
Written works
Less than Zero (novel), a 1985 novel by Bret Easton Ellis
Television and film
Less than Zero (film), a 1987 film directed by Marek Kanievska based on the novel
Less than Zero, a 2018 television series adaptation of the novel produced by Hulu
Songs and albums
"Less than Zero" (Elvis Costello song), a 1977 song by Elvis Costello
"Less than Zero" (The Weeknd song), a 2022 song by the Weeknd
Less than Zero (soundtrack), the soundtrack to the 1987 film
Less than Zero, a 2005 album by LA Symphony
Other meanings
Any negative number
See also
Below Zero (disambiguation) |
Dare the School Build a New Social Order? is a collection of speeches by educator George S. Counts on the role and limits of progressive education.
Further reading
1932 non-fiction books
American books
Progressive education
English-language books
20th-century speeches
Books about education
John Day Company books |
Francesco Filippo Zampano (born 30 September 1993) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a full-back for club Venezia.
Club career
Sampdoria
Born in Genoa, Liguria along with his twin brother Giuseppe, they spent their youth career inside the Italian region. Giuseppe and Francesco both played for Genoese side U.C. Sampdoria's U17 team during the 2009–10 season.
Virtus Entella
In the 2010–11 season both left for another Ligurian team Virtus Entella (named after the river). In the 2011–12 season Entella signed Francesco in a co-ownership deal for a peppercorn of €500, and Giuseppe returned to Sampdoria for their under-19 team. Francesco played for both first team and the U19 team for Entella. Among the defenders of Lega Pro who were born in 1991 or after, Francesco had the fourth highest average score of 6.24/10 ranked by La Gazzetta dello Sport, and was the best Lega Pro defender born in the 1993 age group. In June 2012, Sampdoria failed to buy back Alberto Masi and Francesco Zampano, both due to failing to give the highest price in a sealed bid to Lega Serie B. A.Masi and F.Zampano were the teammates who represented the team of Lega Pro.
Verona
During summer 2013 he moved to Verona, and then became on loan to Juve Stabia.
Pescara
After his loan period ended following the 2014–15 season, Zampano was loaned to Pescara, with an option to purchase. On 23 July 2015, Pescara signed Zampano outright.
On 16 August 2018, Zampano joined to Serie A team Frosinone on loan until 30 June 2019 with an obligation to buy.
Venezia
On 1 June 2022, Zampano signed a three-year contract with Venezia.
International career
Francesco Zampano received his first national team call-up in his breakthrough 2011–12 season. Zampano scored a goal against the Italy U19 team when representing the Lega Pro U20 representative team in December 2011. Zampano made his debut for the Italy U19 side on 29 February 2012. He played all 3 games of the 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship elite qualification in May. He also received a call-up from the Lega Pro representative team for a youth tournament in Dubai in April, however, he did not play.
Career statistics
Notes
References
External links
FIGC
Football.it Profile
Living people
1993 births
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Italy men's youth international footballers
UC Sampdoria players
Virtus Entella players
Hellas Verona FC players
SS Juve Stabia players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
Udinese Calcio players
Frosinone Calcio players
Venezia FC players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Footballers from Genoa |
Mary Grace Natividad Sonora Poe-Llamanzares is a Filipino politician, businesswoman, educator, and philanthropist serving as a senator since 2013. She was the chairperson of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) from 2010 to 2012.
Poe is the adoptive daughter of actors Fernando Poe Jr. and Susan Roces. She studied at the University of the Philippines Manila, where she majored in development studies, then moved to Boston College in Massachusetts, United States, where she finished a degree in political science and has spent much of her adult life in Fairfax, Virginia. In 2004, her father ran for the Philippine presidency against the incumbent, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, but was defeated; he died months later. On April 8, 2005, Poe returned to the Philippines after learning that her father had died. She began pursuing her father's rights over the results of the election and campaigned against alleged electoral fraud.
Poe ran for a seat in the Philippine Senate during the election in 2013 as an independent affiliated with the Team PNoy coalition of Benigno Aquino III. She ended up winning more votes than other candidates and over 20 million votes, ahead of Loren Legarda, who previously topped two elections. She was a candidate for the 2016 presidential election. Despite numerous attempts to have her disqualified based on questions regarding her citizenship, the Supreme Court of the Philippines deemed her a natural-born Filipino citizen and she was qualified to become president based on her 10-year residency. Poe placed third in the presidential race count. In May 2019, Poe was reelected as senator, with over 22 million votes.
Early life
Poe was found on September 3, 1968, in Iloilo City by a woman, in the holy water font of Jaro Metropolitan Cathedral, the main church of the city.
When the infant was discovered, the parish priest named her "Grace" in the belief that her finding was through the grace of God; she was christened by Jaime Sin, the Archbishop of Jaro, who would later become Archbishop of Manila. Although the cathedral issued an announcement in the hopes that her biological mother would claim her, no one stepped forward.
Poe was eventually taken in by the Militar family, with Sayong Militar's in-law Edgardo, who was a signatory on the child's foundling certificate, considered to be her possible father. Her name on her original Certificate of Live Birth was given as Mary Grace Natividad Sonora Militar. Sayong Militar later passed Grace on to her friend Tessie Ledesma Valencia, an unmarried, childless heiress of a sugar baron from Bacolod, Negros Occidental.
Valencia was also a friend of film stars Fernando Poe Jr. and Susan Roces, who were newlyweds at the time; Valencia was an acquaintance of Roces and was the one who brought Grace in trips between Bacolod and Manila. The Poes took Grace in after Valencia decided the baby would be better off with two parents in the Philippines rather than with her as a single parent in the United States, where she was moving to. Militar was initially hesitant in letting the Poe couple adopt Grace because she was unfamiliar with them, having entrusted the baby to Valencia, but was convinced by Archbishop Sin to let the couple adopt her.
Poe was legally adopted by the actors Fernando Poe Jr. and Susan Roces and she was named Mary Grace Natividad Sonora Poe by them. While still young, she watched her father from the sets of his movies—even playing minor roles in some of them, such as the daughter of Paquito Diaz's character in Durugin si Totoy Bato, and as a street child in Dugo ng Bayan. Ultimately, Poe did not enter show business.
Education
In 1975, Poe attended elementary school at Saint Paul College of Pasig and Saint Paul College of Makati. In 1982, Poe transferred to Assumption College San Lorenzo for high school. Following high school, Poe entered the University of the Philippines Manila (UP), where she majored in development studies. She transferred to Boston College, where she graduated with a degree in political science in 1991. She interned for Bill Weld's campaign while in college.
Political career
Election, 2004
In 2003, Poe's father, Fernando Poe Jr., announced that he was entering politics, running for president of the Philippines in the upcoming election under the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP) against then-president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Poe returned to the Philippines to help him campaign, but returned to the United States afterward.
Fernando Poe Jr. was rushed to the hospital after a stroke later that year. Grace immediately returned to the Philippines, only to arrive shortly after her father had died on December 14, 2004. Following her father's death, Poe and her family decided to return permanently to the Philippines on April 8, 2005, in order to be with her widowed mother.
Media regulatory board
In the 2010 general election, Poe served as a convenor of Kontra Daya. She also became honorary chairperson of the FPJ for President Movement (FPJPM), the group which was organized to pressure her father to run in 2004, continuing the movement's social relief programs for the less fortunate. On October 10, 2010, President Benigno Aquino III appointed Poe to serve as chairwoman of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB). She was sworn in on October 21, 2010, at the Malacañang Palace and was later reappointed by President Aquino for another term on October 23, 2011.
While at the MTRCB, Poe had advocated for a "progressive" agency which would have enabled the television and film industries to help the Philippine economy, with her tenure being marked by an emphasis on diplomacy. At the beginning of her term, Poe instigated the implementation of a new ratings system for television programs, which she said was "designed to empower parents to exercise caution and vigilance with the viewing habits of their children". This was complemented by the implementation of a new ratings system for movies—a system which closely follows the new television ratings system—at the end of her term.
The MTRCB under Poe's tenure also implemented policies and programs to promote "intelligent viewing", such as promulgating the implementing rules and regulations for the Children's Television Act of 1997 some fifteen years after its passage, and enforcing restrictions on the type of viewing material that can be shown on public buses. Despite this thrust, Poe has spoken out against restrictions on freedom of expression, preferring self-regulation to censorship. During this time, she encouraged the creation of new cinematic output through the reduction of review fees despite cuts to its budget, and has promoted the welfare of child and female actors.
Election, 2013
Although Poe was rumored to be running for senator as early as 2010, it was not confirmed that she would stand for election until October 1, 2012, when President Aquino announced that she was selected by the administration Team PNoy coalition as a member of their senatorial slate. Poe filed her certificate of candidacy the next day on October 2, 2012. Although running under the banner of the Team PNoy coalition, Poe officially ran as an independent. Poe was also a guest candidate of the left-leaning Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan. Until February 21, 2013, Poe was, along with Senators Loren Legarda and Francis Escudero, one of three common guest candidates of the opposition United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) of Vice-President Jejomar Binay.
Analysts noted the rapid rise of Poe in national election surveys, which community organizer Harvey Keh attributed to popular sympathy for her father, fueled in part by high public trust in the Poe name. Prior to the start of the election season, Poe was ranked twenty-eighth in a preliminary survey conducted by the Social Weather Stations (SWS) in mid-2012, before the start of the filing period. Immediately after filing her candidacy, Poe initially ranked fifteenth in the first survey of the election, published by StratPOLLS. While she ranked as low as twentieth in a survey published by SWS later in the year, she entered the top 12 in January 2013, where she stayed. In the last survey issued by Pulse Asia in April 2013, she was ranked third.
While Poe herself admitted that her biggest strength in the campaign was her surname, she also conceded that it would be insufficient for her to be elected simply on that alone, emphasizing that her platform is just as important as her name in getting her elected to the Senate. She also dismissed claims that her candidacy was her family's revenge against her father's loss in 2004, saying that all she wants to do is serve should she be elected to the Senate. A day after the election, Poe was announced as among the winners with her having the highest number of votes. She was officially proclaimed a senator by the COMELEC board in May 2013, along with fellow Team PNoy candidates Chiz Escudero, Sonny Angara, Alan Peter Cayetano, and Loren Legarda, as well United Nationalist Alliance candidate Nancy Binay (who did not attend, opting instead to send her lawyer to represent her).
Platform
In the 2013 elections, Poe ran on an eleven-point platform promising to continue the legacy of her father. Her labor legislative agenda also includes more opportunities, skill development and growth for Filipino workers, employment security for the disabled and handicapped, and protection of workers in the informal sector. Specific policies she advocated in the course of her campaign include reviving the national elementary school lunch program first introduced during Marcos Era, the installation of closed-circuit television cameras in government offices, and stricter penalties against child pornography, continuing her earlier advocacy during her time at the MTRCB. In addition, she has also advocated against Internet censorship.
Poe also stresses the importance of female participation in government, having already filed a number of laws for the betterment of women and children in her term of office; she has also called for an investigation on the proliferation of cybersex dens that prey on children and women, and an inquiry on the condition of women detainees and prisoners.
Senate (2013–2016)
On her first day as a senator in the 16th Congress, Poe filed a bill promoting "film tourism" which aims to make the Philippines a primary location for local and international films. She said that this would generate jobs and promote tourism in the Philippines as well. Poe also filed the "Sustenance for the Filipino child" bill which seeks to give free nutritious meals to children enrolled in public elementary schools and high schools in K-12. It aims to solve hunger and malnutrition which hindered the Filipino youth's potential.
Another notable bill filed by Poe is the "First 1000 days" bill which seeks to protect and support Filipino children in their first 1,000 days after they were born. This addresses the problem of malnutrition of Filipino children by providing nutrition counselling, milk feeding, and other needs of children. In addition, Poe is also pushing for the Freedom of Information bill which will promote greater transparency and lessen corruption in the government. This bill will allow government transactions to be open to the public.
In 2015, Poe led the legislature's investigations into the Mamasapano clash, which left 44 Special Action Force members dead.
2016 presidential campaign
Poe was widely speculated to be a potential presidential or vice presidential candidate in the 2016 general elections, with possible running mates such as Rep. Leni Robredo and Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago. Poe placed first on a presidential preference poll issued by Pulse Asia In June 2015 with a rating of 30%, outranking previous front runner Vice President Jejomar Binay, who had a 22% rating. She also placed first in the vice-presidential poll, with a 41% preference nationwide. In an opinion survey issued by Social Weather Stations (SWS) in June 2015, Poe also placed first, with a 42% preference. She also placed first in SWS' vice-presidential poll, with a 41% rating.
On September 16, 2015, Poe, together with Francis Escudero, declared her presidential bid, in front of hundreds of supporters, family and friends at the Bahay ng Alumni, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City under the newly coalition of Partido Galing at Puso, composed of Bagong Alyansang Makabayan and is led by the Nationalist People's Coalition. Former Philippine President and Mayor of Manila Joseph Estrada has given his support to her. On her speech announcing her presidential bid, Grace Poe laid down a 20-point program of government if she would be elected.
Qualification
In June 2015, United Nationalist Alliance (UNA) interim president and Navotas Representative Toby Tiangco claimed that Poe lacked the 10-year residency requirement for a presidential candidate. There was an issue about Poe's certificate of candidacy (COC) for senator in 2012 for the 2013 Philippine Senate Elections, in which she had stated that she had been a resident of the Philippines for six years and six months. Tiangco stated that even during the time of the 2016 presidential elections, Poe would still be six months short of the residency requirement.
On November 17, 2015, the Senate Electoral Tribunal opted to drop the cases against her. The decision was affirmed on December 3, 2015. In their judgment on the case, the SET declared that Grace Poe, a foundling, is a "natural-born Filipino", which allowed her to retain her seat in the Philippine Senate. David filed a motion for reconsideration to reverse the ruling by SET, which was rejected on December 3, 2015, after which he filed an appeal with the Supreme Court. On December 1, 2015, the COMELEC's second division disqualified her as presidential candidate due to failing to meet the "10-year requirement" for residency. Under COMELEC rules, the party or coalition supporting her may file a substitute before December 10, 2015. On December 11, the commission's first division also disqualified Poe. The first division, voted 2–1 in favor of the petitions to disqualify and cancel her certificate of candidacy. These decisions were appealed to the COMELEC en banc, which on December 23, 2015, formally disqualified Poe from running as president in the 2016 elections for failing to meet the 10-year residency requirement. Poe said she would appeal the disqualification to the Supreme Court. On December 28, 2015, the Supreme Court issued two temporary restraining orders against the decision of the COMELEC en banc.
On March 8, 2016, voting 9–6, the Supreme Court voted to affirm Poe' natural-born status and 10-year residency. On April 9, 2016, the Supreme Court declared their ruling as final and executory.
Senate (2016–present)
In November 2016, Poe voted in favor of a resolution, filed by senator Risa Hontiveros, which sought to reject the burial of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos in the Libingan ng mga Bayani.
In February 2017, she voted in favor of the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act (TRAIN Act). After the inflation rate increased due to the law, Poe said that she voted in favor because President Duterte 'needed funds'. On the same month, Poe did not support the resolution declaring that the Senate has a say in the termination of any treaty or international agreement. On December 13, 2017, she voted in favor of the extension of martial law in Mindanao.
On May 17, 2018, Poe was among the senators who voted in favor of a resolution calling on the Supreme Court to review its decision granting the quo warranto petition and ousting Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno. In June 2018, she voted in favor of a national ID system. In September 2018, Poe announced her bid for re-election in the Senate. On October 15, she filed her certificate of candidacy for senator.
In 2019, after the 2018 Philippine third telecommunications provider bidding, Poe chaired the committee which allowed the telecommunication franchise of Mislatel, composed of China Telecom and businessman Dennis Uy's Udenna Corp and Chelsea Logistics. The approval was controversial because of the company's connection to China, Chinese security threats, and its violations to Philippine franchise laws. Despite this, on February 6, Poe gave the green light for the company's endorsement to the plenary.
On May 13, 2019, Poe was reelected to the Senate with over 22 million votes, coming in second, only behind fellow Senator Cynthia Villar.
Personal life
Poe worked as a preschool teacher at a local Montessori education-style school in 1995. In 1998, she left her job as a teacher to work as a procurement liaison officer at the United States Geological Survey. In 2005, she was made vice president and treasurer of her father's film production company, FPJ Productions, and was put in charge of maintaining the company's archive of over 200 films.
Poe is an avid reader: she has read all the books of David Baldacci, who she describes as her favorite author, but she has also read books from a wide variety of genres and authors. She is also a film aficionado, watching all kinds of movies but with a particular affinity for action films, conspiracy movies, movies starring her father, and movies with happy endings. Poe is a tennis player and also has a black belt in taekwondo, having competed in tournaments while in high school.
Citizenship
Poe is a natural-born Filipino. On October 18, 2001, Poe acquired U.S. citizenship by naturalization. She reacquired her Philippine citizenship and in October 2010, she renounced her American citizenship, as per Republic Act 9225. Poe's name appeared in the 2012 2Q Quarterly Publication of Individuals Who Have Chosen to Expatriate.
Family
Poe has two adoptive half-siblings through her father Fernando Poe Jr. Both of these half-siblings are actors: Ronian, born to actress Ana Marin; and Lourdes Virginia (Lovi), born to model Rowena Moran. However, she did not grow up with her half-siblings, even admitting that she met Lovi for the first time only after their father died.
Poe married Teodoro Misael Daniel "Neil" Vera Llamanzares on July 27, 1991. Llamanzares is a natural-born Filipino who held American citizenship since birth until April 2016. He is a veteran of the United States Air Force who served from 1988 to 1991 and later worked for Science Applications International Corporation. He worked for San Miguel Corporation after the return of his wife to the Philippines.
On April 16, 1992, Poe gave birth to her son, Brian, a journalist who worked as a reporter for CNN Philippines. She later gave birth to two daughters: Hanna in 1998, and Nika in 2004. Her family lived in Fairfax, Virginia, for 12 years.
Political positions
References
External links
Senator Grace L. Poe – Senate of the Philippines
1960s births
Aksyon Demokratiko politicians
Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences alumni
Filipino adoptees
Filipino child actresses
Filipino educators
Filipino women educators
Filipino philanthropists
Filipino Roman Catholics
Filipino women in business
Women members of the Senate of the Philippines
Hiligaynon people
Living people
People from San Juan, Metro Manila
Former United States citizens
Candidates in the 2016 Philippine presidential election
Independent politicians in the Philippines
Grace
Politicians from Guimaras
Politicians from Iloilo
Politicians from Metro Manila
Senators of the 18th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 17th Congress of the Philippines
21st-century Filipino women politicians
21st-century Filipino politicians
Senators of the 16th Congress of the Philippines
Chairpersons of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board
Benigno Aquino III administration personnel
University of the Philippines Manila alumni
Visayan people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Senators of the 19th Congress of the Philippines |
Kobo or Raya Kobo () is a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the northeast corner of the North Wollo Zone, Kobo is bordered on the south by the Logiya River which separates it from Habru and Guba Lafto, on the west by Gidan, on the north by Tigray Region, and on the east by the Afar Region. Towns in Kobo include Gobiye, Kobo and Robit (Kobo Robit).
Overview
The landscape of this district is characterized by a broad fertile plain that is separated from the lowlands of the Afar Region by the Zobil mountains, which are over 2000 meters high. In general, the altitude of Kobo ranges from 1100 meters on the plains to slightly more than 3000 meters above sea level along the border with Gidan. Kobo, as well as the other seven rural districts of this Zone, has been grouped amongst the 48 districts identified as the most drought prone and food insecure in the Amhara Region. To combat increasing droughts and improve crop yields, two irrigation projects have been undertaken in this district by the Commission for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Rehabilitation in the Amhara Region and the NGO Lutheran World Federation, affecting 302 hectares and benefiting 1,017 households.
The northern part of the Kobo district is traversed from west to southeast by the Hormat River. The river passes south of Zobil Mountains.
The district Agriculture and Rural Development Office announced on 8 April 2007 that it was starting a program to improve the livelihood of district inhabitants, affecting 53,000 farmers. This would use 23.3 million birr of Regional funds to develop basin and degraded mountains, construct all-weather roads and irrigation diversion canals, improve springs as well as various "water harvesting structures". A similar program initiated a few years previously led to a decline in the number of farmers migrating to the Afar Region, Djibouti and Sudan.
In December 2008, construction on a 2.5 kilometer flood wall was completed, which would protect hundreds of hectares of farmland from frequent flooding by the Dikalla river.
Timeline and history
Events are listed in a revers-chronological order.
Civilian deaths during the 2021 Tigray War
During the Tigray War, local residents reported that the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) killed 600 civilians in Kobo on 9 September 2021.
During Tigray War on August the Tigray Defense Forces (TDF) captured Kobo and the Ethiopian National Defense Force has withdrawn. Both sides have confirmed it.
Air raids during the civil war of the 1980s
During the Ethiopian Civil War, the town of Gobiye in what is now the Kobo district, was bombed repeatedly by the Ethiopian Air Force:
On 9 September 1989: 1 killed
On 10 September 1989: 21 killed, 100 wounded (market day)
Demographics
Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this district has a total population of 221,958, an increase of 26.43% over the 1994 census, of whom 111,605 are men and 110,353 women; 33,142 or 14.93% are urban inhabitants. With an area of 2,001.57 square kilometers, Kobo has a population density of 110.89, which is less than the Zone average of 123.25 persons per square kilometer. A total of 54,466 households were counted in this district, resulting in an average of 4.08 persons to a household, and 52,108 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 82.88% reporting that as their religion, while 16.5% of the population said they were Muslim.
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this district of 175,558 in 37,031 households, of whom 87,636 were men and 87,922 were women; 28,706 or 16.35% of its population were urban dwellers. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Kobo were the Amhara (98.63%), and the Tigrayan (1.26%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.11% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 98.45%, and Tigrinya was spoken by 1.47%; the remaining 0.08% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the population practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity with 83.2% reported to profess this belief, while 16.72% of the population said they were Muslim.
Notes
Districts of Amhara Region |
WBUT (1050 AM) is a commercial radio station, licensed to Butler, Pennsylvania, in the northern suburbs of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. It is owned by St. Barnabas Broadcasting, a division of the Saint Barnabas Health System, along with its sister stations WJAS, WBVP, WMBA, WISR and WLER-FM.
WBUT carries a classic country radio format, along with local news, sports and weather. WBUT is a MRN and PRN affiliate carrying NASCAR, a Penn State Football Network affiliate, and also carries Butler Area Senior High School football and basketball games. The studios and offices are at 252 Pillow Street.
By day, WBUT transmits with 500 watts. As 1050 AM is a clear channel frequency, the station must reduce power at night to 62 watts to avoid interference. Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator W247DF at 97.3 MHz. WBUT also streams via the TuneIn app.
History
WBUT first applied for a construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission in March 1946, and had considered the frequencies of 1230, 1600, and 1430 kHz before finally settling on 1580 kHz, which was granted by the FCC in August 1948.
The station first signed on the air in 1949 and was first owned by the Wise family, which also published The Butler Eagle, Butler's daily newspaper, doing business as Eagle Printing Company. J. Leonard Taylor served as the station's first general manager.
The station first operated from the Nixon Hotel in downtown Butler, where Morgan Center stands today.
WRYO, a radio station that debuted at 1050 kHz in 1948 in Rochester, Pennsylvania, in adjacent Beaver County, Pennsylvania, failed by 1952, leaving its frequency available for WBUT to switch to. Like WRYO, WBUT was a 250-watt station as a daytimer until its current tower in Center Township was built in 1979. WBUT began broadcasting from this new tower in 1980, and was subsequently allowed to double its power to the current value of 500 watts, but still retained its daytime-only operational status.
With the frequency swap, came its first change in ownership. The new WBUT, along with co-owned WBUT-FM 103.9 MHz, were sold to Beacom Broadcasting Enterprises in 1953, headed by J. Patrick Beacom. WBUT-FM was sold and the station relocated to Mercer County, Pennsylvania.
A few years later, WBUT successfully applied for another FM broadcasting license at 97.7 MHz, which coincidentally, once belonged to its competitor, WISR (AM), before it returned the license an unnecessary expense. The call letters of the station at FM 97.7 were changed to WBUT-FM, with the two stations simulcasting. In 1965 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) enacted new rules, calling for AM-FM combo stations to offer unduplicated programming at least half of the broadcast day.
The stations were purchased by Larry Berg in 1964, who did business as WBUT, Inc. For a time during the 1960s, the studios and transmitter were located on a hill south of Downtown Butler, near the Meadowood residential plan.
WBUT-AM-FM was sold on July 14, 1978 from Larry Berg to Brandon Communications Systems, Incorporated, a company headed by Robert C. "Bob" Brandon and his brother Ronald. (Berg would later join the staff of then-competitor WISR as a sales rep and talk show host.) However, the licensee remained under the name WBUT Inc.
Not long after acquiring the two stations, Brandon moved both from their downtown Butler location at the Nixon Hotel to a Center Township office and then across the street to a former Citizens' Bank branch north of Butler at the intersection of Route 8 (a.k.a. North Main Street Extension) and Mercer Road in Center Township.
When the decision was made to separate the AM and FM stations, Brandon used his knowledge in broadcast engineering to construct an automation system capable of providing live-sounding programming on his FM station, now assigned the call letters WLER-FM. WBUT and WLER would both sign on at 6 a.m., simulcast its morning show for two hours, break away at 8 am, and then rejoin at 7 p.m. before signing off at 10 pm.
Music and voice-tracked disc jockeys were provided by Concept Productions, based in Roseville, California. Personalities like Steven Tyler, Dave Ware and Terry Nelson were all thought to be on-site announcers. While these announcers aired on WLER, WBUT aired more local news and information intensive programming, with popular shows like "The Super Store", a buy-sell-trade program allowing listeners to sell unwanted items or find others for sale, and "Speak Up", a locally produced talk show that ran after the noon news.
WBUT and WLER welcomed a third station into the fold, longtime crosstown competitor 680 WISR, in 1997, following its sale by Butler Broadcasting, Inc. The Brandon brothers then changed the name of their company to the Butler County Radio Network. Within a few years, the Brandons would sell their interests, along with their partners, to a group of four new owners, who continued to do business as the Butler County Radio Network.
A near-tragedy took place in the summer of 1990 when then-program director Shirley A. "Sam" Minehart was changing an automation tape for WLER. The automation system was separated by a large plate-glass window from outside, that would allow Route 8 commuters to see programming at work. A vehicle traveling on Route 8 went out of control and crashed through the window and into the automation system. Minehart had just walked away from the system as the car crashed through the window, scattering shards of glass everywhere.
WBUT news reporter Dave Cubbison was on the air delivering a live newscast when he looked up and saw the car coming towards the building, yelling to Minehart "Oh no, there's a car coming... run!" into an open microphone. Knowing the car was going to hit, Cubbison then ran and dove under a desk. Cubbison and Minehart were not hurt, but the driver did sustain minor injuries.
The station switched from oldies to country music early in 2006. Morning show host Bob Cupp has been with the station for more than 25 years. In 2003, WBUT and WLER moved from their studio building in Center Township and joined WISR in a new facility at the Pullman Commerce Center, on the city's south side, near the village of Lyndora. The station moved to its current location on Pillow Street in Butler in the summer of 2012.
WBUT for many years had been a Mutual Broadcasting System network affiliate. Upon the acquisition of Mutual by Westwood One, WBUT affiliated with co-owned CNN Radio. This relationship continued until 2009, when WBUT changed its affiliation to CBS Radio News.
In April 2018, WBUT added an FM translator at 97.3 MHz, W247DF, allowing listeners who prefer FM radio to hear the station on that band. In July 2022, Inside Radio reported that WBUT and its affiliate stations would be sold to Pittsburgh Radio Partners. The sale closed on September 2, 2022. Less than two monts later, St. Barnabas Broadcasting, a division of St. Barnabas Health System of Gibsonia, announced that it would acquire WBUT and its affiliate stations from Pittsburgh Radio Partners. The purchase was consummated on February 14, 2023, at a price of $2.55 million.
References
FCC History Cards - WBUT
1949 Broadcasting Yearbook
1950 Broadcasting Yearbook
1955 Broadcasting Yearbook
1959 Broadcasting Yearbook
1973 Broadcasting Yearbook
1979 Broadcasting Yearbook
1980 Broadcasting Yearbook
1981 Broadcasting Yearbook
External links
Country radio stations in the United States
BUT
Radio stations established in 1949
1949 establishments in Pennsylvania |
SS Harald Torsvik was a Liberty ship built in the United States during World War II. She was first named after Henry B. Plant, an American businessman, entrepreneur, investor involved with many transportation interests and projects, mostly railroads, in the southeastern United States. She was transferred to Norway after launching and renamed Harald Torsvik after Harald Torsvik, a Norwegian lawyer that aided refugees fleeing to England during World War II, he was captured by the Nazis and executed.
Construction
Henry B. Plant was laid down on 25 September 1944, under a Maritime Commission (MARCOM) contract, MC hull 2502, by the St. Johns River Shipbuilding Company, Jacksonville, Florida; and was launched on 28 October 1944.
History
She was transferred to Norway, under the Lend-Lease program, on 6 November 1944, and renamed Harald Torsvik. She was sold for commercial use, 10 October 1946, to Klaus Wiese Hansen, for $574,830.27, and renamed Grey County.
References
Bibliography
Liberty ships
Ships built in Jacksonville, Florida
1944 ships |
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-->
<View
xmlns:android="path_to_url"
android:id="@+id/header1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="120dip"
android:background="@color/test_red" />
``` |
```c++
//
// Aspia Project
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
//
// along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
//
#include "base/audio/audio_capturer.h"
#if defined(OS_WIN)
#include "base/audio/audio_capturer_win.h"
#endif // defined(OS_WIN)
#if defined(OS_LINUX)
#include "base/audio/audio_capturer_linux.h"
#endif // defined(OS_LINUX)
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "proto/desktop.pb.h"
namespace base {
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
// Returns true if the sampling rate is supported by Pepper.
bool AudioCapturer::isValidSampleRate(int sample_rate)
{
switch (sample_rate)
{
case proto::AudioPacket::SAMPLING_RATE_44100:
case proto::AudioPacket::SAMPLING_RATE_48000:
case proto::AudioPacket::SAMPLING_RATE_96000:
case proto::AudioPacket::SAMPLING_RATE_192000:
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
//your_sha256_hash----------------------------------
std::unique_ptr<AudioCapturer> AudioCapturer::create()
{
#if defined(OS_WIN)
return std::unique_ptr<AudioCapturer>(new AudioCapturerWin());
#elif defined(OS_LINUX)
return std::unique_ptr<AudioCapturer>(new AudioCapturerLinux());
#else
NOTIMPLEMENTED();
return nullptr;
#endif
}
} // namespace base
``` |
Panayır is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bigadiç, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 85 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Bigadiç District |
The women's 4 x 400 metres relay event at the 2007 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Debrecen, Hungary, at Gyulai István Atlétikai Stadion on 15 July.
Medalists
Results
Final
15 July
Participation
According to an unofficial count, 28 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
References
4 x 400 metres relay
Relays at the European Athletics U23 Championships |
```c++
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#include "paddle/cinn/utils/functional.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"
namespace cinn {
namespace utils {
std::vector<int> GetPositiveAxes(const std::vector<int>& axes, int rank) {
std::vector<int> new_axes(axes.size());
for (int i = 0; i < axes.size(); ++i) {
int axis = axes[i] + (axes[i] < 0 ? rank : 0);
PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
axis >= 0 && (rank == 0 || axis < rank),
true,
::common::errors::InvalidArgument(
"The axis should be in [%d, %d), but axes[%d]=%d is not.",
-rank,
rank,
i,
axes[i]));
new_axes[i] = axis;
}
return new_axes;
}
int GetPositiveAxes(int axis, int rank) {
int dim = axis + (axis < 0 ? rank : 0);
PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
dim >= 0 && dim < rank,
true,
::common::errors::InvalidArgument(
"The axis should be in [0, %d), but axis=%d is not.", rank, axis));
return dim;
}
} // namespace utils
} // namespace cinn
``` |
```xml
import path from 'node:path';
import fs from 'node:fs';
import express from 'express';
import cors from 'cors';
import * as GraphQLServer from './graphql-server.ts';
import { startSignalingServerSimplePeer } from '../../plugins/replication-webrtc/index.mjs';
import { startRemoteStorageServer } from './remote-storage-server.ts';
import {
blobToBase64String
} from '../../plugins/core/index.mjs';
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
const __dirname = path.dirname(__filename);
export const TEST_STATIC_FILE_SERVER_PORT = 18001;
export function startTestServers() {
const staticFilesPath = path.join(
__dirname,
'../../',
'docs-src',
'static',
'files'
);
console.log('staticFilesPath: ' + staticFilesPath);
// we need one graphql server so the browser can sync to it
GraphQLServer.spawn([], 18000);
startSignalingServerSimplePeer({
port: 18006
});
startRemoteStorageServer(18007);
/**
* we need to serve some static files
* to run tests for attachments
*/
const app = express();
app.use(cors());
app.get('/', (_req: any, res: any) => {
res.send('Hello World!');
});
app.use('/files', express.static(staticFilesPath));
app.get('/base64/:filename', async (req: any, res: any) => {
const filename = req.params.filename;
const filePath = path.join(
staticFilesPath,
filename
);
const buffer = fs.readFileSync(filePath);
const blob = new Blob([buffer]);
const base64String = await blobToBase64String(blob);
res.set('Content-Type', 'text/html');
res.send(base64String);
});
app.listen(TEST_STATIC_FILE_SERVER_PORT, () => console.log(`Server listening on port: ${TEST_STATIC_FILE_SERVER_PORT}`));
}
``` |
Teuvo Pakkala (originally Teodor Oskar Frosterus, 9 April 186217 May 1925) was a Finnish author, playwright, reporter, linguist and teacher.
Pakkala is considered to be one of the realists of the 1880s and 1890s, and he is also often called a naturalist. Pakkala's works are especially noted for their portrayal of children.
Life
Teuvo Pakkala was born in Oulu, Finland, where he also went to school. He studied medicine, languages and history in the university. His writing career started as a journalist. He also translated works of Norwegian writers Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, Alexander Kielland and Knut Hamsun. As a journalist he followed closely the industrialisation and urbanisation of Oulu in the 1870s and 1880s.
Pakkala was skilful in describing people, especially women and children. He worked as a teacher 1907–1920, and shows in his books about children an unprecedented understanding of child psychology. His works were not much appreciated in his own time. One of the reasons may be, that he also wrote "folk drama", including a very popular musical play "Tukkijoella". Tukkijoella is a comedy about lumberjacks, and it is still the most-performed play in Finland.
Pakkala worked also in Jyväskylä and died in Kuopio. He is buried in the Oulu Cemetery.
Filmmaking career
Late in his life, Teuvo Pakkala became interested in filmmaking. In 1921 he co-founded the original Finn Film in Oulu, Finland, with Toivo T. Kaila and G.H. Michelson.
Finn Film produced its only movie, Sotapolulla (On the Warpath), in 1921. Pakkala wrote the screenplay and directed the film.
Written works
Novels and collections of short stories
Oulua soutamassa (1885)
Vaaralla (1891)
Elsa (1894)
Lapsia (1895)
Pieni elämäntarina (1902)
Pikku ihmisiä (1913)
Kertomuksia (1928)
Väliaita ja muita kadonneita kertomuksia (1986)
Plays
Kauppaneuvoksen härkä (1901)
Meripoikia (1915)
(1899)
Non-fiction works
Aapinen (1908)
Kirjeet 1882–1925 (1982)
Lapsuuteni muistoja (1885)
Translations into Finnish language
Aina (= Forssman, Edith): Uusia kertomuksia Iltalampun ääressä (1895)
Hamsun, Knut: Victoria (1899)
Hellwald, Friedrich Anton Heller von: Maa ja sen kansat (1900)
Ibsen, Henrik: Pikku Eyolf (1895)
Kielland, Alexander Lange: Työmiehiä (1884)
Lie, Jonas: Luotsi ja hänen vaimonsa (1895)
Malot, Hector: Koditon 1–2 (1898–1899)
Meyer, Leopold: Pienten lasten hoito (1904)
Nansen, Fridtjof: Pohjan pimeillä perillä 1–2 (1896–1897)
Nansen, Fridtjof: Suksilla poikki Grönlannin (1896)
Weyman, Stanley: Susi (1898)
References
External links
(Finnish)
1862 births
1925 deaths
People from Oulu
People from Oulu Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Writers from Northern Ostrobothnia
Finnish writers
Realist artists
Finnish film directors
Writers from the Russian Empire |
The 2011–12 Algerian U21 Cup was the first edition of the Algerian U21 Cup. JSM Béjaïa won the competition by beating ASO Chlef 2-0 in the final.
Semi-finals
Matches
Final
Match details
References
Algerian U21 Cup |
Eižens is a Latvian masculine given name. The associated name day is November 13.
Notable people named Eižens
Eižens Ārinš (1911–1987), Latvian mathematician and computer scientist
Eižens Finks (1885–1958), Latvian photographer and clairvoyant
Eižens Laube (1880–1967), Latvian architect
References
Latvian masculine given names
Masculine given names |
Chromera velia, also known as a "chromerid", is a unicellular photosynthetic organism in the superphylum Alveolata. It is of interest in the study of apicomplexan parasites, specifically their evolution and accordingly, their unique vulnerabilities to drugs.
The discovery of C. velia has sparked renewed interest in protist research, concerning both algae and parasites, as well as free-living unicells. Strict separation of botanical protists (algae) and zoological protists (protozoa) has been conventional but C. velia may be regarded as a good example of a bridge linking both categories.
C. velia has typical features of alveolates, being phylogenetically related to Apicomplexa (a subgroup of alveolates), and contains a photosynthetic plastid (chloroplast) while the apicomplexans have a non-photosynthetic plastid called the apicoplast. C. velia is also related to another subgroup of alveolates, the dinoflagellates of which most are photosynthetic.
C. velia uses metabolites (reduced carbon) from its plastid as its primary energy source. The same is true of the algal cousin of C. velia, another chromerid Vitrella brassicaformis. Together these are phylogenetically the closest known autotrophic organisms to apicomplexans.
Parasites in the apicomplexan genus Plasmodium are the causative agents of malaria. Studies of C. velia and V. brassicaformis are broadly useful for understanding the biochemistry, physiology and evolution of the malaria parasite, other apicomplexan parasites, and dinoflagellates.
Plastid terminology
"Apicoplast" is a specialised word, derived from the word "plastid". Initially the word plastid was more suitable than "chloroplast" when describing organelles of apparent algal descent in any protist, but that lack any chlorophyll or light absorbing pigment. Those found in apicomplexan parasites are a prominent example. The majority of members of the apicomplexan lineage still contain a genome in the plastid, indicating the organelle of the lineage's ancestors was once photosynthetic, but these plastids have no light absorbing pigments or light reaction machinery.
While Chromera velia contains a photosynthetic plastid, the majority of apicomplexan relatives contain a non-photosynthetic plastid, and the remainder contain no plastid. The ancestral photosynthetic plastid of ancestral apicomplexans may have been very similar to the plastid of C. velia or the plastid of V. brassicaformis.
Just as the term "plastid" has become widely adopted for chloroplast-derived organelles of non-photosynthetic protists, the term "apicoplast" has also gained acceptance for the plastid of apicomplexans. In current usage, the term plastid may even be used to describe the chloroplast of any photosynthetic organism, and so has a general non-discriminatory use.
Isolation and phylogeny of C. velia
Chromera velia was first isolated by Dr Bob Moore (then at Carter Lab, University of Sydney) from the stony coral (Scleractinia, Cnidaria) Plesiastrea versipora (Faviidae) of Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia (collectors Thomas Starke-Peterkovic and Les Edwards, December 2001).
It was also cultured by Moore from the stony coral Leptastrea purpurea (Faviidae) of One Tree Island Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia (collectors Karen Miller and Craig Mundy, November 2001).
With the use of DNA sequencing, a relationship between C. velia, dinoflagellates and apicomplexans was noted. Genomic DNA of C. velia was extracted to provide PCR templates, and when the sequences of the amplified genes were compared with those of other species, biostatistical methods resulted in placement of C. velia on a phylogenetic branch close to the apicomplexans. Through a variety of phylogenetic tests on the orthologous genes found in similar organisms, researchers were able to relate C. velia to dinoflagellates and apicomplexans which are alveolates. Both the nucleus and the plastid of C. velia showed alveolate ancestry. A subsequent study of the C.velia and V. brassicaformis plastid genomes has shown in greater detail that the plastids of peridinin dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and chromerids share the same lineage, derived from a red-algal-type plastid.
Description and availability
After the naming of the organism and description of the immotile form, several papers have since documented the vegetative motile form which excysts in a set of eight siblings from the progenitor cell.
A structure resembling an apical complex in the flagellate, includes a conoid or pseudoconoid and long sacculate micronemes, confirming a relationship to apicomplexans. However, this relationship has yet to be formalised, beyond the fact that chromerids and apicomplexans are classified as sister groups within the Alveolata. The precise function of the apical organelles of the Chromerida, is unknown though the organelles have been studied in some detail.
Live C. velia is available to purchase from the NCMA culture collection in Maine USA, and is backed up in other culture collections such as CCAP (UK), and SCCAP (Scandinavia).
Preserved material is deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, as holotype/hapantotype Z.6967, being a preserved culture embedded in PolyBed 812, and is separately deposited also in absolute ethanol.
Special features of the C. velia plastid
The plastid of Chromera velia has 4 surrounding membranes and contains chlorophyll a, while chlorophyll c is missing. Photosynthesis has been examined in C. velia, and its photosynthetic carbon assimilation was shown to be very efficient, in the sense of adaptability to a wide range of light regimes, from high light to low light. Thus like other algae that contain only chlorophyll a (such as Nannochloropsis, a stramenopile), the lack of chlorophyll c does not appear to debilitate chromerids in any way. Accessory pigments in C. velia include isofucoxanthin.
Unlike other eukaryotic algae which use only UGG codons to encode the amino acid tryptophan in plastid genomes, the plastid genome of C. velia contains the codon UGA at several positions that encode tryptophan in the gene and other genes. The UGA-Trp codon is characteristic of apicoplasts, and the mitochondria of various organisms, but until the discovery of C. velia, was unprecedented in any photosynthetic plastid. Similarly a bias towards poly-U tails is found specifically on the subset of apicoplast-encoded genes that are involved in photosynthesis in C. velia. Discovery of these two genetic features, the UGA-Trp, and the poly-U tailed photosynthesis genes, indicates that C. velia provides an appropriate model to study the evolution of the apicoplast. Another characteristic feature of C. velia is that its plastid genome is linear-mapping. Janouškovec et al 2013 also presents the expression pathway DNA RNA photosystem I protein A1. It is unusually late to fully resolve: It is not fully assembled as a single transcript or even as a single translation product, but only after that step.
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrial genome of C. velia encodes a single gene - cox1 - and several fragmented rRNA molecules. This mitochondrial genome is one step further devolved than those of peridinin dinoflagellates, which contain three protein-coding genes. However both lineages, C. velia and dinoflagellates, contain functioning mitochondria, the genes having moved to the nucleus.
Most of the Apicomplexan mitochondria that have been previously sequenced also have only three protein encoding genes including cox1 and a number of fragmented rRNA genes. Exceptions to this rule are known: the apicomplexan organism Cryptosporidium appears to lack a mitochondrion entirely.
The C. velia mitochondrial apparatus differs significantly from that of the other chromerid Vitrella brassicaformis. A recent finding is that the respiratory complexes I and III of C. velia are missing, and that the function of complex III has been taken over by a lactate->cytochrome C oxidoreductase By contrast the more ancestral chromerid mitochondrial genome, represented by that of V. brassicaformis retains a canonical complex III.
An unexpected finding in Chromera was a large (1 μm diameter) ever-present organelle bounded by two membranes, originally thought to be the mitochondrion. This organelle may not be a mitochondrion, but an extrusosome called the "chromerosome". The actual mitochondria, by contrast, were found to be small and multiple, just as for other alveolates.
Evolution
The discovery of Chromera velia and its unique plastid which is similar in origin to the apicoplasts, provides an important link in the evolutionary history of the apicomplexans. Previous to the description of C. velia, much speculation surrounded the idea of a photosynthetic ancestral lineage for apicomplexan parasites. For a step by step history of the characterization of the apicomplexan apicoplast organelle, see for example the web review by Vargas Parada (2010).
It is hypothesized that apicomplexans, with their relic chloroplast, the apicoplast, were once able to synthesize energy via photosynthesis. Ancient apicomplexans or their immediate progenitors may have had a symbiotic relationship with the coral reef around them. To achieve that, these ancient organisms would have possessed a working chloroplast. However, if so, this autotrophic ability was lost and apicomplexans have slowly evolved to become parasitic species dependent on their hosts for survival.
Although researchers are still discussing why apicomplexans would sacrifice their photosynthetic ability and become parasitic, it is suggested that clues might be gathered by studying aspects of the evolution of the Chromerida, such as the development of an apical complex of organelles that were used by later descendants to invade host cells. In July 2015 the full genome sequences of chromerids C.velia and V. brassicaformis were published, revealing the array of genes that were co-opted or adapted in the transition from a free living lifestyle to a parasitic lifestyle.
The plastid genome of C. velia is unusual in that there is evidence it may be linear and contains split genes for key photosystem genes. The linear state of the C. velia plastid genome is a reminder that C. velia is not an ancestral organism, but is a derived form, which evolved from an ancestral photosynthetic alveolate that presumably had a circular plastid genome, just as the other known chromerid Vitrella brassicaformis does.
Much research surrounds the flagellar apparatus of Chromera, Vitrella and apicomplexans, in relation to the morphological transition of this organelle during the origination of parasitism in apicomplexans. It does appear that C. velia exist as a free-living phototroph when necessary or when environmental conditions are suitable, but can also infect coral larvae and live as an intracellular parasite.
Pharmacological significance
One potentially important contribution of research on C. velia, besides its position as a missing link between parasitic and algal species, is its potential in studies aimed at finding new antimalarial drugs or clarifying the function of existing antimalarial drugs . Many drugs that have been in clinical use for a long time affect functions in the apicoplast in Plasmodium cells. The essential biological function of the apicoplast is solely the production of isoprenoids and their derivatives, without which the parasites cannot live.
C. velia could serve as a convenient model target for the development of antimalarial drugs, since it effectively contains the original apicoplast, as it were, and since its nuclear genome closely resembles that of the ancestral proto-parasites. In the laboratory setting, working with apicomplexan parasites can be difficult, hazardous and expensive, because they must be infected into live host cells (in tissue culture) to remain viable. Chromera velia, is more easily maintained than apicomplexan parasites, yet is related to them, so may potentially provide a laboratory model for the understanding or development of antimalarial treatments. C. velia is able to live independently of its normal animal hosts and can be grown easily and cheaply in a laboratory setting.
Just as humans are subject to infections by the apicomplexans Plasmodium and Cryptosporidium, animals are also subject to infection by apicomplexans including Toxoplasma, Babesia, Neospora, and Eimeria. It is said anecdotally, that almost every animal on earth has one or more species of apicomplexan parasite that challenge it. The economic burden from apicomplexan parasites is estimated in the billions of dollars, (see also Malaria) on top of the human and animal costs of these organisms. An increased understanding of the evolutionary roles and functions of apicoplasts and apical complexes can impact on research about the apicomplexan parasites of livestock animals, making C. velia of interest in an agricultural context as well as in the medical and ecological fields.
A provisional patent on the use of Chromerida (Chromera and Vitrella) as subjects for screening and testing of anti-apicomplexan drugs was not lodged as a full patent, which leaves the way open for use of these organisms in commercial development of screening methods for useful compounds.
Ecology
One study has shown that Chromera may have a symbiotic role within corals, being vertically transmitted from parent to offspring Montipora digitata via the coral's egg stage. The Chromera cells could be cultured from the M.digitata eggs and were subsequently used to transiently colonise Acropora coral larvae. Chromera'''s known host range therefore includes the corals M. digitata, P. versipora (type host) and L. purpurea (alternate host), and extends through tropical and temperate waters. The symbiont may obtain metabolites from the host, and it has been proposed this may potentially increase its growth rate inside the host.
Analysis of environmental metagenomic datasets has revealed that there are other species related to C. velia and V. brassicaformis associated with corals, but yet to be described. These associations are globally distributed. Among these is the uncultured undescribed "apicomplexan-related lineage-V" which was inferred by the authors to be potentially photosynthetic, and appears to be a symbiosis specialist. Cultured chromerids by comparison can be hypothesized to move between the free-living and coral-associated states, as they are found in M. digitata eggs but are also associated with seaweed, judging from correlations in macroalgal metagenomic datasets. The range of life strategies and niches adopted by apicomplexan-related algae therefore resembles the spectrum of niches occupied by the coral symbiont Symbiodinium.
Research Community
The first Chromera conference and workshop was held at the Heron Island Research Station, Queensland, Australia from November 21–25, 2011. Highlights included diving and culturing. Presentations included the announcement of a formal description of the second isolated chromerid, Vitrella brassicaformis''. Professors and students alike participated in the conference and workshop, and a broad range of topics was covered. It was agreed that further meetings would follow. The second conference was held in South Bohemia, Czech Republic, from June 22–25, 2014, arranged by the Oborník lab, via open email list.
References
Species described in 2008
Chromerida |
```xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<definitions xmlns="path_to_url" xmlns:xsi="path_to_url" xmlns:xsd="path_to_url" xmlns:activiti="path_to_url" xmlns:bpmndi="path_to_url" xmlns:omgdc="path_to_url" xmlns:omgdi="path_to_url" typeLanguage="path_to_url" expressionLanguage="path_to_url" targetNamespace="path_to_url" xmlns:modeler="path_to_url" modeler:version="1.0en" modeler:exportDateTime="20141210124445777" modeler:modelId="924474" modeler:modelVersion="1" modeler:modelLastUpdated="1418215482206">
<process id="variablesFetchingTestProcess" name="VariablesTest" isExecutable="true">
<startEvent id="startEvent1"/>
<userTask id="sid-05767243-5EFD-496E-882E-14B47D3274B3" name="Task A"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-15D04314-3280-4CAF-8A23-0415598CF5B0" sourceRef="startEvent1" targetRef="sid-05767243-5EFD-496E-882E-14B47D3274B3"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-90E99CC2-B930-48F4-AE60-425DD6A4C657" sourceRef="sid-05767243-5EFD-496E-882E-14B47D3274B3" targetRef="sid-6EDB2B4B-48CB-4018-BFDB-A751B0B1950F"/>
<parallelGateway id="sid-6EDB2B4B-48CB-4018-BFDB-A751B0B1950F"/>
<userTask id="sid-157D27B4-4E96-47AB-A1BA-ADB350659DDB" name="Task B"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-2514CA53-0998-4C08-880D-14FCCE4B59E1" sourceRef="sid-6EDB2B4B-48CB-4018-BFDB-A751B0B1950F" targetRef="sid-157D27B4-4E96-47AB-A1BA-ADB350659DDB"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-EA019938-D594-4400-B498-A143E3546C6A" sourceRef="sid-6EDB2B4B-48CB-4018-BFDB-A751B0B1950F" targetRef="sid-92FDA83E-7CB0-4538-B26B-71D470395CA5"/>
<userTask id="sid-92FDA83E-7CB0-4538-B26B-71D470395CA5" name="Task C"/>
<userTask id="sid-A5706B24-A6CA-4131-94BD-659FC3028482" name="Task D"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-9CFBE731-A527-49EF-919F-9FC2B497EC63" sourceRef="sid-6EDB2B4B-48CB-4018-BFDB-A751B0B1950F" targetRef="sid-A5706B24-A6CA-4131-94BD-659FC3028482"/>
<parallelGateway id="sid-D5DF4CD1-DBBC-46DA-92EE-669BCC00CFB5"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-9EB6750A-F86E-4451-AED9-5EFCCA5A899A" sourceRef="sid-92FDA83E-7CB0-4538-B26B-71D470395CA5" targetRef="sid-D5DF4CD1-DBBC-46DA-92EE-669BCC00CFB5"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-1ADF62AD-B29D-45AF-8920-A9B43714C041" sourceRef="sid-A5706B24-A6CA-4131-94BD-659FC3028482" targetRef="sid-D5DF4CD1-DBBC-46DA-92EE-669BCC00CFB5"/>
<userTask id="sid-8E05A38C-6F00-4BEC-BE68-F38A72A1AFBD" name="Task E"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-469049E9-EFE8-4903-B80D-A38F3DDFA531" sourceRef="sid-D5DF4CD1-DBBC-46DA-92EE-669BCC00CFB5" targetRef="sid-8E05A38C-6F00-4BEC-BE68-F38A72A1AFBD"/>
<endEvent id="sid-0DCD8F1E-37C8-4F8D-AF19-B705CF07103F"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-A6AC0534-5433-40EF-ACCC-C47C48E8286C" sourceRef="sid-8E05A38C-6F00-4BEC-BE68-F38A72A1AFBD" targetRef="sid-0DCD8F1E-37C8-4F8D-AF19-B705CF07103F"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-20096242-1571-4D68-9FFC-8C6B0A07000B" sourceRef="sid-157D27B4-4E96-47AB-A1BA-ADB350659DDB" targetRef="sid-8AA6253E-EF3E-4F7F-A120-1EDCD83E2EB3"/>
<serviceTask id="sid-8AA6253E-EF3E-4F7F-A120-1EDCD83E2EB3" name="service task 1" activiti:class="org.flowable.engine.test.api.variables.VariablesTest$TestJavaDelegate13" />
<sequenceFlow id="sid-550458E7-E271-47D2-9B3E-D21A6CE1704A" sourceRef="sid-8AA6253E-EF3E-4F7F-A120-1EDCD83E2EB3" targetRef="sid-6A4C5B66-2BD8-4D65-B074-8510193AD98D"/>
<serviceTask id="sid-6A4C5B66-2BD8-4D65-B074-8510193AD98D" name="service task 2" activiti:class="org.flowable.engine.test.api.variables.VariablesTest$TestJavaDelegate14" />
<serviceTask id="sid-90AAEC84-20C3-407E-8B4D-8FCFC252054F" name="service task 3" activiti:class="org.flowable.engine.test.api.variables.VariablesTest$TestJavaDelegate15" />
<sequenceFlow id="sid-AA39E536-60F4-4A64-BE77-EE632A328ED2" sourceRef="sid-6A4C5B66-2BD8-4D65-B074-8510193AD98D" targetRef="sid-90AAEC84-20C3-407E-8B4D-8FCFC252054F"/>
<sequenceFlow id="sid-19C0E404-8A1C-4806-A37A-320F4404EBF0" sourceRef="sid-90AAEC84-20C3-407E-8B4D-8FCFC252054F" targetRef="sid-D5DF4CD1-DBBC-46DA-92EE-669BCC00CFB5"/>
</process>
<bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_variablesTest">
<bpmndi:BPMNPlane bpmnElement="variablesTest" id="BPMNPlane_variablesTest">
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="startEvent1" id="BPMNShape_startEvent1">
<omgdc:Bounds height="30.0" width="30.0" x="90.0" y="300.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-05767243-5EFD-496E-882E-14B47D3274B3" id="BPMNShape_sid-05767243-5EFD-496E-882E-14B47D3274B3">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="165.0" y="275.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-6EDB2B4B-48CB-4018-BFDB-A751B0B1950F" id="BPMNShape_sid-6EDB2B4B-48CB-4018-BFDB-A751B0B1950F">
<omgdc:Bounds height="40.0" width="40.0" x="310.0" y="295.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-157D27B4-4E96-47AB-A1BA-ADB350659DDB" id="BPMNShape_sid-157D27B4-4E96-47AB-A1BA-ADB350659DDB">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="395.0" y="165.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-92FDA83E-7CB0-4538-B26B-71D470395CA5" id="BPMNShape_sid-92FDA83E-7CB0-4538-B26B-71D470395CA5">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="395.0" y="275.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-A5706B24-A6CA-4131-94BD-659FC3028482" id="BPMNShape_sid-A5706B24-A6CA-4131-94BD-659FC3028482">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="395.0" y="390.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-D5DF4CD1-DBBC-46DA-92EE-669BCC00CFB5" id="BPMNShape_sid-D5DF4CD1-DBBC-46DA-92EE-669BCC00CFB5">
<omgdc:Bounds height="40.0" width="40.0" x="711.0" y="295.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-8E05A38C-6F00-4BEC-BE68-F38A72A1AFBD" id="BPMNShape_sid-8E05A38C-6F00-4BEC-BE68-F38A72A1AFBD">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="796.0" y="275.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-0DCD8F1E-37C8-4F8D-AF19-B705CF07103F" id="BPMNShape_sid-0DCD8F1E-37C8-4F8D-AF19-B705CF07103F">
<omgdc:Bounds height="28.0" width="28.0" x="941.0" y="301.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-8AA6253E-EF3E-4F7F-A120-1EDCD83E2EB3" id="BPMNShape_sid-8AA6253E-EF3E-4F7F-A120-1EDCD83E2EB3">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="395.0" y="30.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-6A4C5B66-2BD8-4D65-B074-8510193AD98D" id="BPMNShape_sid-6A4C5B66-2BD8-4D65-B074-8510193AD98D">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="540.0" y="30.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNShape bpmnElement="sid-90AAEC84-20C3-407E-8B4D-8FCFC252054F" id="BPMNShape_sid-90AAEC84-20C3-407E-8B4D-8FCFC252054F">
<omgdc:Bounds height="80.0" width="100.0" x="681.0" y="30.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNShape>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-20096242-1571-4D68-9FFC-8C6B0A07000B" id="BPMNEdge_sid-20096242-1571-4D68-9FFC-8C6B0A07000B">
<omgdi:waypoint x="445.0" y="165.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="445.0" y="110.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-19C0E404-8A1C-4806-A37A-320F4404EBF0" id="BPMNEdge_sid-19C0E404-8A1C-4806-A37A-320F4404EBF0">
<omgdi:waypoint x="731.0" y="110.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="731.0" y="295.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-9CFBE731-A527-49EF-919F-9FC2B497EC63" id="BPMNEdge_sid-9CFBE731-A527-49EF-919F-9FC2B497EC63">
<omgdi:waypoint x="330.5" y="334.5"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="330.5" y="430.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="395.0" y="430.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-A6AC0534-5433-40EF-ACCC-C47C48E8286C" id="BPMNEdge_sid-A6AC0534-5433-40EF-ACCC-C47C48E8286C">
<omgdi:waypoint x="896.0" y="315.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="941.0" y="315.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-2514CA53-0998-4C08-880D-14FCCE4B59E1" id="BPMNEdge_sid-2514CA53-0998-4C08-880D-14FCCE4B59E1">
<omgdi:waypoint x="330.5" y="295.5"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="330.5" y="205.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="395.0" y="205.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-469049E9-EFE8-4903-B80D-A38F3DDFA531" id="BPMNEdge_sid-469049E9-EFE8-4903-B80D-A38F3DDFA531">
<omgdi:waypoint x="750.5833333333334" y="315.4166666666667"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="796.0" y="315.2183406113537"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-90E99CC2-B930-48F4-AE60-425DD6A4C657" id="BPMNEdge_sid-90E99CC2-B930-48F4-AE60-425DD6A4C657">
<omgdi:waypoint x="265.0" y="315.2164502164502"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="310.4130434782609" y="315.4130434782609"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-AA39E536-60F4-4A64-BE77-EE632A328ED2" id="BPMNEdge_sid-AA39E536-60F4-4A64-BE77-EE632A328ED2">
<omgdi:waypoint x="640.0" y="70.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="681.0" y="70.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-EA019938-D594-4400-B498-A143E3546C6A" id="BPMNEdge_sid-EA019938-D594-4400-B498-A143E3546C6A">
<omgdi:waypoint x="349.5833333333333" y="315.4166666666667"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="395.0" y="315.2183406113537"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-9EB6750A-F86E-4451-AED9-5EFCCA5A899A" id="BPMNEdge_sid-9EB6750A-F86E-4451-AED9-5EFCCA5A899A">
<omgdi:waypoint x="495.0" y="315.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="711.0" y="315.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-550458E7-E271-47D2-9B3E-D21A6CE1704A" id="BPMNEdge_sid-550458E7-E271-47D2-9B3E-D21A6CE1704A">
<omgdi:waypoint x="495.0" y="70.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="540.0" y="70.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-1ADF62AD-B29D-45AF-8920-A9B43714C041" id="BPMNEdge_sid-1ADF62AD-B29D-45AF-8920-A9B43714C041">
<omgdi:waypoint x="495.0" y="430.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="731.0" y="430.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="731.0" y="335.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
<bpmndi:BPMNEdge bpmnElement="sid-15D04314-3280-4CAF-8A23-0415598CF5B0" id="BPMNEdge_sid-15D04314-3280-4CAF-8A23-0415598CF5B0">
<omgdi:waypoint x="120.0" y="315.0"/>
<omgdi:waypoint x="165.0" y="315.0"/>
</bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
</bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
</bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
</definitions>
``` |
A Natural Woman is a 1969 album by Peggy Lee. It was arranged and conducted by Bobby Bryant and Mike Melvoin. John Engstead took the cover photograph.
Track listing
"(All of a Sudden) My Heart Sings" (Jean Blanvillain, Henri Herpin, Harold Rome) - 2:15
"Don't Explain" (Billie Holiday, Arthur Herzog Jr.) - 3:57
"Can I Change My Mind?" (Barry Despenza, Carl Wolfolk) - 2:15
"Lean On Me" (Peggy Lee, Mundell Lowe, Mike Melvoin) - 2:42
"(Sittin' on) the Dock of the Bay" (Steve Cropper, Otis Redding) - 2:37
"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" (Gerry Goffin, Carole King, Jerry Wexler) - 3:01
"Everyday People" (Sylvester Stewart) - 2:38
"Please Send Me Someone to Love" (Percy Mayfield) - 4:05
"Spinning Wheel" (David Clayton-Thomas) - 2:35
"Living Is Dying Without You" (Al Kasha, Joel Hirschhorn) - 3:27
"I Think It's Going to Rain Today" (Randy Newman) - 3:15
Notes
The recording sessions for this album took place at the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California.
During the sessions for this album, Lee also recorded the songs "No More" (which was included on the 2008 Collectors' Choice Music CD reissue of Make It With You and Where Did They Go), and "We're Gonna Make It" (which remains unreleased).
References
Peggy Lee Discography
1969 albums
Peggy Lee albums
Albums arranged by Bobby Bryant (musician)
Albums conducted by Bobby Bryant (musician)
Albums arranged by Mike Melvoin
Albums conducted by Mike Melvoin
Capitol Records albums |
Chad D. Hays is a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 104th district from December 2010 to September 7, 2018.
William B. Black resigned from the Illinois House effective December 22, 2010. The Republican county party chairs of the district appointed Hays to succeed Black. Hays was sworn into office on December 22, 2010. For the 96th General Assembly, House Minority Leader Tom Cross appointed Hays to the following committees: Appropriations-Higher Education; Financial Institutions; Railroad Industry; and Transportation, Regulation, Roads.
On July 7, 2017, Hays announced his retirement from the Illinois House citing the budget impasse and on June 22, 2018, gave an effective date of resignation of September 7, 2018.
On February 12, 2016, he was named as an Illinois state co-chair of John Kasich's presidential campaign.
References
External links
Representative Chad Hays (R) 104th District at the Illinois General Assembly
By session: 98th, 97th, 96th
State Representative Chad Hays constituency site
,
Republican Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
People from Vermilion County, Illinois
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
1941 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians |
The Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society (PPTS) was a text publication society based in London, which specialised in publishing editions and translations of medieval texts relevant to the history of pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Particular attention was given to accounts by pilgrims and other travellers containing geographical or topographical information, as well as those which discussed the manners and customs of the Holy Land. The original narratives were written in a variety of languages, including Greek, Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, Old French, Russian, and German.
The Society first started publishing its work in 1884, and continued for eleven years, publishing a total of twelve volumes. In 1896, these works were transferred to the Palestine Exploration Fund, for distribution to the members of the PPTS.
The editions remain valuable and are frequently cited in scholarly works. A version is also available as The Library of the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society.
Certain well-known pilgrimages included are those of: Jacques de Vitry, Saint Jerome's Pilgrimage of the Holy Paula, Mukaddasi's description of Syria, and the Itinerarium Burdigalense.
Publications
(1886): Description of Syria, including Palestine by Mukaddasi (c. 985)
(1887): Of the Holy Places visited by Antoninus Martyr by Antoninus of Piacenza, archive.org
(1887): Itinerary from Bordeaux to Jerusalem by "The Bordeaux Pilgrim", (333), archive.org
(1887):
(1888): Of the Buildings of Justinian by Procopius (c. 560)
(1889): The Letters of Paula and Eustochium to Marcella, about the Holy Places (A.D. 386)
(1889):
(1890): Description of the Holy Land by John of Würzburg (1160–1170)
(1890): The Epitome of S. Eucherius about certain Holy Places (ca. A.D. 440) and the Breviary or short description of Jerusalem (ca. A.D. 530)
alt.: (1890): The Epitome of S. Eucherius about certain Holy Places (ca. A.D. 440) and the Breviary or short description of Jerusalem (ca. A.D. 530)
(1891): Churches of Constantine at Jerusalem: being translations from Eusenius and the early pilgrims
alt.: (1896): Churches of Constantine at Jerusalem: being translations from Eusenius and the early pilgrims
(1891): The Hodæporicon of Saint Willibald (c. 754) by Huneburc
(1891): The Pilgrimage of S. Silvia of Aquitania to the Holy Places (ca. A.D. 85)
(1891): Description of the Holy Places. (ca. A.D. 1172) by Theoderich
(1892): Saewolf (A.D. 1102, 1103) archive.org
(1893):
(1893): with p. 677: Index
(1893): Theodosius (530)
(1893): The Itinerary of Bernhard the Wise (A.D. 870) How the City of Jerusalem is Situated, (ca. A.D. 1090?) archive.org
(1894): Anonymous Pilgrims, I–VIII (11th and 12th centuries
(1894):
(1894): Guide-book to Palestine (ca. A.D. 1350) archive.org
(1895): (about Arculf)
(1895): Extracts from Aristeas, Hecatæus, Origen, and other early writers
alt.: (1895): Extracts from Aristeas, Hecatæus, Origen, and other early writers
(1896): Fetellus (ca. A.D. 1130), Translated and Annotated by Rev. James Rose Macpherson
(1896):
(1896):
(1896): The Life of Saladin by Beha Ed-Din (AD 1137–1193)
(1896): History of Jerusalem by Jacques de Vitry, 1180
(1896): A Description of the Holy Land by Burchard of Mount Sion.
(1897): Vol III, The Pilgrimage of Arculfus (1889) The Hodoeporicon of St. Willibald. Description of Syria and Palestine, by Mukaddasi. The Itinerary of Bernhard the Wise.
(1897): Vol IV A Journey through Syria and Palestine. (1888) By Nasir-I-Khusrau. The Pilgrimage of Saewulf to Jerusalem. The Pilgrimage of the Russian abbot Daniel.
(1897): Vol VI, Anonymous Pilgrims. (1894) The City of Jerusalem and Ernoul's account of Palestine. The Guide Book to Palestine. Description of the Holy Land, by John Poloner.
(1897): General Index to the Library of Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society
References
Further reading
See also
Travelogues of Palestine
External links
WorldCat listing of the original edition
Medieval literature
Medievalists
1884 establishments in the United Kingdom
1896 disestablishments
Holy Land travellers
Text publication societies |
According to the Constitution of Ireland, the names of the Irish state are Ireland (English) and Éire (Irish). From 1922 to 1937, its legal names were the Irish Free State (English) and Saorstát Éireann (Irish). The state has jurisdiction over almost five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The rest of the island is Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. In 1948 Ireland adopted the terms Republic of Ireland (English) and Poblacht na hÉireann (Irish) as the official descriptions of the state, without changing the constitutional names.
The terms Republic of Ireland (ROI), the Republic, the 26 counties or the South are the alternative names most often encountered. The term "Southern Ireland", although only having legal basis from 1921 to 1922, is still seen occasionally, particularly in Britain.
Until the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, British government and media declined to use the name Ireland, preferring Eire (without accent) until 1949 and Republic of Ireland thereafter.
Constitutional name
Article 4 of the Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937, provides that "[t]he name of the State is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland".
Hence, the Irish state has two official names, Éire (in Irish) and Ireland (in English). For official purposes, the Irish government uses the name Éire in documents written in Irish, while using Ireland where the language of the documents is English, including in international treaties and other legal documents. The name of the state is reflected in its institutions and public offices. For example, there is a President of Ireland and a Constitution of Ireland. The name Ireland is also used in the state's diplomatic relations with foreign nations and at meetings of the United Nations, European Union, Council of Europe, International Monetary Fund, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
The Constitution gives the Irish language formal precedence over English, and a reflection of this is that Éire is the only name of the Irish state to feature on a range of national symbols including the Seal of the President, postage stamps and Irish euro coins. In 1981 the Department of Posts and Telegraphs recommended the inclusion of the word "Ireland" along with "Éire" on stamps but the Department of the Taoiseach vetoed the idea on the basis it could cause "constitutional and political repercussions" and that "the change could be unwelcome", as the name "Ireland" was considered by Unionists in Northern Ireland to refer to all 32 counties of Ireland.
The spelling "Eire", with an E rather than an É, is not correct Irish orthography despite being preferred for many years by British government and media.
Official description
Since 1949, the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 has provided that the Republic of Ireland (or Poblacht na hÉireann in Irish) is the official description for the state. However, Ireland remains the constitutional name of the state.
The constitutional name Ireland is normally used. However, the official description Republic of Ireland is sometimes used when disambiguation is desired between the state and the island of Ireland. In colloquial use this is often shortened to 'the Republic'.
This distinction between description and name was and remains important because the Act was not a constitutional amendment and did not change the name of the state. If it had purported to do so, it would have been unconstitutional. The distinction between a description and a name has sometimes caused confusion. The Taoiseach, John A. Costello introduced the legislation with an explanation of the difference in the following way:
Many republics, including the French Republic and the Italian Republic reference the institutional form of the state in their long form names, but others, such as Hungary (since 2012) and Ukraine (since 1991) do not.
European Union
The state joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union) in 1973. Its accession treaty was drawn up in all of the EU's then-official treaty languages (including English and Irish) and, as such, the Irish state joined under both of its names, Éire and Ireland. On 1 January 2007, Irish became an official working language of the EU. This did not change the name of the Irish state in EU law. However, it has meant for example that at official meetings of the EU Council of Ministers, nameplates for the Irish state now read as Éire – Ireland, whereas previously they would simply have read as Ireland.
The Inter Institutional Style Guide of The Office for Official Publications of the European Communities sets out how the names of the Member states of the European Union must always be written and abbreviated in EU publications. Concerning Ireland, it states that its official names are Éire and Ireland; its official name in English is Ireland; its country code is IE; and its former abbreviation was IRL. It also adds the following guidance: "NB: Do not use 'Republic of Ireland' nor 'Irish Republic'."
Historical names
Ancient
The Annals of the Four Masters describe how Ireland was referred to in ancient times:
During the time of the Partholonians, Nemedians, Fomorians, and Firbolg, the island was given a number of names:
Inis Ealga signifying the noble or excellent island. The Latin translation was Insula Nobilis
Fiodh-Inis signifying the Woody island. In Latin this was Insula nemorosa
Crioch Fuinidh signifying the Final or remote country. In Latin as Terra finalia.
Inisfáil meaning the Island of Destiny, and Inisfalia or Insula Fatalis in Latin. This was the name used by the Tuatha Dé Danann and from this 'Fál' became an ancient name for Ireland. In this respect, therefore, Lia Fáil, the Stone of Destiny, came to mean 'Stone of Ireland'. Inisfail appears as a synonym for Erin in some Irish romantic and nationalist poetry in English in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; Aubrey Thomas de Vere's 1863 poem Inisfail is an example.
Ériu (from which derived Éire), Banba and Fódla were names given by the Dananns from three of their queens.
Ierne refers to Ireland by various ancient Greek writers and many scholars have the opinion that in the poem when the Argonauts pass Neson Iernida, that is, the Island Iernis, they are referring to the island of Ireland, thus referring to Ireland longer ago than 1000 BC.
Ogygia meaning the most ancient land is a name used by Plutarch in the first century which may refer to Ireland.
Hibernia is first used to refer to Ireland by Julius Caesar in his account of Britain, and became a common term used by the Romans. They also used a number of other terms, namely Juverna, Juvernia, Ouvernia, Ibernia, Ierna, Vernia. Ptolemy also refers to it as Iouernia or Ivernia.
Scotia or the land of the Scots is a term used by various Roman and other Latin writers, who referred to Irish raiders as Scoti. Some of the earliest mentions are in the 5th century, St. Patrick calls the Irish "Scoti", and in the 6th century, St. Isidore bishop of Seville and Gildas the British historian both refer to Ireland as Scotia. It was a term that exclusively referred to Ireland up until the eleventh century when modern Scotland was first referred to as Scotia. But even up until the sixteenth century, many Latin writers continued to refer to Ireland as Scotia. From the twelfth to the sixteenth century, various scholars used to distinguish between Ireland and Scotland by using Scotia Vetus or Scotia Major meaning Old Scotia or the Greater Scotia for Ireland, and Scotia Minor or Lesser Scotia for Scotland.. The name Scoti is used to describe the High King of Ireland in the 9th Century Book of Armagh, where Brian Boru is declared Imperator Scottorum, or Emperor of the Irish (Gaels)
Insula Sanctorum or the Island of the Saints and Insula Doctorum or the Island of the Learned are names used by various Latin writers; hence the modern-day quasi-poetic description of the island as the "Island of Saints and Scholars".
Pre-1919
Following the Norman invasion, Ireland was known as Dominium Hiberniae, the Lordship of Ireland from 1171 to 1541, and the Kingdom of Ireland from 1541 to 1800. From 1801 to 1922 it was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as a constituent country.
Irish Republic (1919–22)
In English, the revolutionary state proclaimed in 1916 and ratified in 1919 was known as the Irish Republic or, occasionally, the Republic of Ireland. Two different Irish language names were used: Poblacht na hÉireann and Saorstát Éireann, based on two competing Irish translations of the word republic: Poblacht and Saorstát. Poblacht was a direct translation coming from the Irish pobal, cognate with the Latin populus. Saorstát, on the other hand, was a compound of the words: saor (meaning "free") and stát ("state").
The term Poblacht na hÉireann is the one used in the Easter Proclamation of 1916. However the Declaration of Independence and other documents adopted in 1919 eschew this title in favour of Saorstát Éireann. A slight variant of this title, Saorstát na hÉireann, was also sometimes used in later days as was the Latin Respublica Hibernica.
(For an explanation continuing usage of the term Irish Republic in the United Kingdom, see Name dispute with the UK (below). Some republicans also continue to use the term because they refuse to recognise the Anglo-Irish Treaty – see below).
Southern Ireland (1921–22)
Southern Ireland () was the official name given to an autonomous Home Rule region (or constituent country) of the United Kingdom. It was established under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 on 3 May 1921. It covered the same territory as the present day Irish state.
However, political turmoil and the ongoing War of Independence meant that it never fully functioned as envisaged. Southern Ireland was superseded in law on 6 December 1922 by the establishment of the Irish Free State. The term Southern Ireland does not have any official status today. However, it is sometimes still used colloquially, particularly by older people, in the United Kingdom.
Irish Free State (1922–37)
During the negotiations on secession leading to the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Irish politicians wanted the state to be a republic, and its name to be the Republic of Ireland or the Irish Republic. However the British government refused to contemplate a republic because this would have entailed the Irish state severing the link with the British crown and ceasing to be a part of the British Empire. Instead, the parties agreed the state would be a self-governing Dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations. The self-proclaimed Irish Republic had used Saorstát Éireann as its Irish name, and "Irish Free State" was derived by literal translation of Saorstát Éireann back into English; a South African province had a similar name. Article One of the treaty stated:
The May 1922 draft of the Constitution of the Irish Free State used only Irish forms of many names and titles, but on British insistence these were replaced with English equivalents; one exception was that references to "Saorstát Éireann" were amended to "the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann)". After the establishment of the Free State the Irish government often used the name Saorstát Éireann in documents in English as well as Irish; an exception was that postage stamps of the period used Éire. Because the Irish Free State was not a republic, since 1922 the word saorstát has fallen out of use in Irish as a translation of republic. When the official description of the state was declared to be the Republic of Ireland in 1949, its official Irish description became not Saorstát Éireann but Poblacht na hÉireann. It appears that the "Irish Free State" name was not generally popular, The Times reporting on the Irish general election in 1932:
Éire (Irish language name since 1937)
As mentioned above, Article 4 of the Constitution of Ireland, gives the state its two official names, Éire in Irish and Ireland in English. Each name is a direct translation of the other. From 1937, the name Éire was often used even in the English language.
In May 1937, when the President of the Executive Council, Éamon de Valera presented the first draft of the Constitution to the parliamentary committee on the Constitution, Article 4 simply provided: "The name of the State is Éire". There was no reference to Ireland at all. Opposition politicians immediately proposed that the word Ireland be substituted for the word Éire throughout the English text. They argued that Ireland was the name known by every European country; that the name should not be surrendered; that the name Ireland might instead be adopted by Northern Ireland; and that the choice of Éire might damage the status of the state internationally by drawing a "distinction between the state...and what has been known for centuries as Ireland". Responding, de Valera stressed that the Irish text of the constitution was to be the foundation text. In light of this, he said the name Éire was more logical and that it would mean an Irish name would become accepted even in the English language. However, he said he had "no strong views" and he agreed "that in the English translation the name of the state [would be] Ireland".
When de Valera subsequently tabled an amendment to give effect to this concession, he proposed Article 4's current wording: "The name of the State is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland." In doing so, he remarked that as "the Irish text is the fundamental text [it is as well] that Éire is used here and there." With almost no debate, the wording was agreed to and subsequently became the law of the land.
It is sometimes said that de Valera wished to reserve the names Republic of Ireland or Irish Republic for the day when a united Ireland might be achieved. These names were not discussed in the parliamentary debates on the Constitution. However, the reason which de Valera gave in the debates for omitting any reference to the word republic throughout the constitution was that he thought the constitution would gain broader support if it did not refer to a republic.
After the adoption of the Constitution, de Valera's government generally encouraged use of the name Éire (rather than Ireland) but not always. His government also appreciated the significance of the name Ireland. So for example, when the Irish ambassador in Berlin, Charles Bewley sought instructions concerning the new name of the State, he was advised by Joseph P. Walshe, for decades the top civil servant in the Irish Department of External Affairs that:
Thus, while sometimes encouraging the use of the name Éire even in English, de Valera's government insisted at other times on the use of the name Ireland. The United Kingdom disputed Irish adoption of the name "Ireland" (below). De Valera's decision to generally use the name Éire was sometimes severely criticised as a poor choice of name. Some argued that it was confusing. Others said the name Éire might strengthen the claim of the government of Northern Ireland to the ancient name of Ulster for their state. However, the name Éire (generally appearing as Eire in English) quickly became widely accepted in English. Nevertheless, this only fuelled more criticism of the name, as once free in the English language, it evolved – leading to what opposition politicians stated were "sneering titles such as Eirish". These criticisms were aired at length in the Oireachtas when the Republic of Ireland Act was being debated. De Valera's use of the name Éire as well as the wording of Article 4 were sharply criticised. The Taoiseach of the day, John A. Costello said "that tremendous confusion ha[d] been caused by the use of that word Éire in Article 4. By a misuse by malicious people of that word, Éire, they have identified it with the Twenty-Six Counties and not with the State that was set up under this Constitution of 1937."
Despite these criticisms, de Valera initially called for the proposed Irish description of the state, Poblacht na h-Éireann to also be inserted into the English text of the Act in the same way both the Irish and English names of the state are used in Article 4. However, de Valera subsequently retreated from this position and in what may be seen as an implicit acceptance of the criticisms made of the wording of Article 4 itself, de Valera accepted that it was better not to also use the Irish description in the English text.
Despite not changing the name, when the Republic of Ireland Act was passed, the name Éire quickly fell into disuse (except in the Irish language). However the name continues to linger on, particularly in the United Kingdom. The Constitution review group's 1967 report discusses Article 4:
Historically, "Eire" was commonly used as a state-name by a variety of organisations. For example, in 1938, the "Irish Amateur Athletic Union" (IAAU) changed its name to "Amateur Athletic Union of Eire" (AAUE) and affiliated to the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) under the country name "Eire". In 1967, the AAUE merged with most of the rival NACA to form Bord Lúthchleas na hÉireann (BLÉ). BLÉ requested the IAAF to change the country's name to "Ireland". This finally happened in 1981.
Abbreviations
Under the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166 standard, the two-letter code for Ireland is "IE" while the three-letter code is "IRL". The "IE" code is the basis for the choice of ".ie" for Irish internet addresses. The IRL code features on Irish driving licences, passports and is most visible on contemporary Irish EU style vehicle registration plates. Under the Convention on International Civil Aviation Irish registered aircraft carry the nationality mark "EI", although this abbreviation has nothing to do with the state's name. For example, the ICAO gives "EG" and "EH" as the abbreviations for Belgium and the Netherlands.
Alternative names
A variety of alternative names are also used for the Irish state. Sometimes alternative names are chosen because the name "Ireland" could be confused with the name of the island the state shares with Northern Ireland. Other times alternative names are chosen for political reasons.
"Republic of Ireland", the "description" of the state according to the Republic of Ireland Act 1948, is often used. In sport, the national football team plays as the "Republic of Ireland". This is because the Ireland national team was organised by the Irish Football Association, from 1882 to 1950. A new organisation, the Football Association of the Irish Free State was formed after partition to organize a new team to represent the newly formed Irish Free State. Over time the Irish Football Association came to be the body for organising association football in Northern Ireland only. However, both association football federations continued to field a team called "Ireland". Despite protests from both organisations, in 1953 FIFA decreed that neither team could be referred to as Ireland in competitions which both teams were eligible to enter. The two teams now play under the names "Republic of Ireland" and "Northern Ireland".
"Irish Republic" is commonly used as a name for the state in Britain but disliked in the Republic, where "Irish Republic" refers to the revolutionary state of the First Dáil in 1919. The initialism "ROI", for "Republic of Ireland", is also often used outside official circles. Shorter colloquial names include "the Republic" or "the South".
Irish republicans, and other opponents of Partition, often refer to the state as the "Twenty-Six Counties" or "26 Counties" (with Northern Ireland as the "Six Counties" or "6 Counties") and sometimes as the "Free State" (a reference to the pre-1937 state). Speaking in the Dáil on 13 April 2000, Sinn Féin's Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin explained it as follows:
"Southern Irish Commonwealth" and "Southern Irish Republic" were names suggested by the British publication, The Spectator, in 1921. These suggestions never became widely used but are noteworthy for showing how fluid names for the territory were at the time.
Distinguishing the state from the island
Goods originating in Northern Ireland can be sold in the Republic as "Irish" or "made in Ireland", which some consumers find confusing or misleading. The private National Dairy Council introduced a "Farmed in the Republic of Ireland" logo in 2009, whereas Bord Bia, the statutory food labelling authority, has distinct "Ireland", "Northern Ireland", and "Ireland & Northern Ireland" logos; the "Ireland" logos incorporate an Irish tricolour as well as text. The private Guaranteed Irish logo is mostly used by firms in the Republic, but there is one in Northern Ireland.
Wikipedia Usage
Within the Wikipedia editing community, the name of the state in both Ireland and Republic of Ireland pages have used the description in place of the name of the state in the majority of references (currently 49 and 42 respectively), and 6 times correctly in reference to the Republic Act. This includes a number of references to Ireland in international affairs where there is no ambiguity regarding the name, such as the applications for both Ireland and the United Kingdom joining the European Union, and becoming a member of the United Nations.
Ireland is the only country in each of Wikipedia's Lists by country sub lists that does not use either the short or long form country name as defined in the UN Official Names
Name dispute with the UK
This section concerns a protracted dispute which existed between the Irish and British governments over the official names of their respective states: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Although following the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 the dispute was supposed to end as each government now accepts the official name of the other state, the Irish Ministry of Foreign Affairs still refers to the UK as "Great Britain".
"Eire" and "Éire" v Ireland
In 1937, the Irish Free State Government arranged for a plebiscite to approve a new Irish Constitution. Articles 2 and 3 of the new Constitution expressed a territorial claim to the "whole island of Ireland" and thus an irredentist claim to the territory of Northern Ireland. In addition, Article 4 provided that "the name of the state is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland". This too was seen by the British Government as another anti-partitionist attempt to lay claim to the whole of the island.
In the run up to the adoption of the new Irish Constitution which took effect on 29 December 1937, the British Cabinet considered how to respond as regards the new name. A report to Cabinet by the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs reported that "[De Valera] feels strongly that the title Irish Free State was one of the things imposed on the Irish by the British in 1921". The same report recommended that the UK Government use "always the Irish term 'Eire' when referring to the State, and ourselves avoiding the use of the term 'Ireland,' except to describe the whole island as a geographical entity". It so happened that the Constitution would come into force when the Westminster Parliament was adjourned over the Christmas. Accordingly, the preferred course of the Prime Minister making a statement on the matter in Parliament was ruled out.
Ultimately, in response to the new constitution and in consultation with all the Governments of the British Commonwealth except the Irish Government, the British government published a communiqué on 30 December 1937, the day after the Constitution took effect. In the communiqué, the British government recognised that the new constitution gave the Irish state two names Ireland or Éire. It also implicitly recognised that the two names had an identical meaning, by declaring:
The British government finessed Article 4 and ignored Articles 2 and 3: if the Irish constitution said the name of the state in the national language was Éire, then that (written as "Eire") was what the British government would call it. By doing so, it avoided any need to call the Irish state, in the English language, Ireland. The change of name effected by the 1937 constitution (but not the other constitutional changes), was given effect in United Kingdom law in the Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938 which covered the Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement between "The Government of Éire and the Government of the United Kingdom". Under Section 1 of that Act, it was declared that (for the purposes of United Kingdom legislation) the territory "which was ... known as Irish Free State shall be styled as ... Eire".
The British approach of calling the state Eire was greatly assisted by the general preference of Éamon de Valera, the leader of the Irish government at the time, that the state be known as Éire, even in English. This is seen in the English-language preamble of the Constitution. However, the Irish government, even when led by de Valera, also appreciated the significance of the name Ireland and insisted on that name in some fora. For example, in 1938 Irish representatives in the Commonwealth countries gave their official titles as High Commissioner for Ireland and the League of Nations was informed that Ireland was the correct English name for the country. A unique modus vivendi was adopted by the two states when they concluded a bilateral agreement on air services in 1946. That agreement was styled as an "Agreement between the United Kingdom and Ireland (Eire)". A parliamentary question as to why the term "Ireland (Eire)" was used rather than simply "Eire" was put in the British House of Commons. A parliamentary secretary for the Government, Ivor Thomas, explained the position as follows:
The practice in other Commonwealth countries varied: At the outset at least, it appears the Union of South Africa and Canada used the name Ireland while New Zealand favoured Eire. In 1947, the United Kingdom Home Office went further by issuing instructions to United Kingdom government departments to use Eire. Nevertheless, over time the name Éire fell increasingly out of use by both the Irish government (except in the Irish language) and internationally, in particular after the passing of the Republic of Ireland Act.
Republic of Ireland v Ireland
On 18 April 1949, the Republic of Ireland Act, 1948 (No. 22 of 1948), came into operation, removing the last functions of the King (King George VI). Section two of the Act states, "It is hereby declared that the description of the State shall be the Republic of Ireland."
The following note of what Prime Minister Clement Attlee said at a British Cabinet meeting on 12 January 1949 illustrates some of the considerations the British government had to consider following this declaration:
Ultimately, the British responded by passing the Ireland Act 1949 which provided that:
It was the culmination of careful consideration by the Prime Minister Attlee. He put it that "a refusal to use the title 'Republic of Ireland' in any circumstances would involve [the UK] in continuing friction with the Eire Government: it would perpetuate the "inconveniences and indignities" which we now experience as a result of our present policy of insisting on the title 'Eire' as against Dublin's preference for 'Ireland.'"
Hence, the Ireland Act formally provided the name Republic of Ireland for use instead of the name Eire in British law. Later the name Eire was abolished entirely in British law under the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1981. This has meant that the Republic of Ireland is the only name for the Irish state officially provided for in domestic UK law.
Notwithstanding the Ireland Act 1949, the British government would often continue to refer to the Irish state by other names such as the Irish Republic or Southern Ireland. A good example of this was in the Treaty of London, 1949. The UK government had been centrally involved in preparing the treaty which was signed in London and established the Council of Europe. The treaty consistently describes the Irish state as the Irish Republic. Opposition leader, Éamon de Valera, queried this. The Minister for External Affairs, Seán MacBride, responded that he agreed "that the description is not possibly as accurate as we would have liked it to be". Yet he also said that the term Irish Republic was used in the treaty "in a general sense in the way the country is described; French Republic, Irish Republic, Italian Republic, Kingdom of the Netherlands and so on." However, leading opposition politician, Frank Aiken, was not satisfied with this response. Speaking in the Dáil, Aiken cited article 26 of the treaty where "the names of the countries are given as "Belgium", "Denmark" and "France", not "Republic of France" or "French Republic"" noting that "one would expect that the next thing one would find would be "Ireland", but instead we have "Belgium, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, Italy, Luxembourg" and so on. Aiken remarked that some British MPs wanted "to popularise the name Irish Republic". He asked the Taoiseach, John Costello to clear up "what exactly is the name of this State going to be in international documents, international agreements and matters of that kind." Aiken expressed the view that "We want to keep up the name given in the Constitution, "Ireland", in order to show that our claim is to the whole island of Ireland and in international documents, in my opinion, the State should be alluded to as "Ireland" or the "Republic of Ireland"."
The following month the Minister for External Affairs clarified at the Council of Europe that Ireland was how the state should be described. This was reported on in The Times on 8 August 1949 in the following terms:
Therefore, even with the UK's Ireland Act and its provision of Republic of Ireland as a UK "name" for the Irish state, a dispute over the names of their respective states was to continue between the UK and Irish governments. For the Irish, Republic of Ireland was still not the name of the state, merely its description. For a brief period from the coming into effect of the Republic of Ireland Act until the second half of 1950 the Irish Government was inconsistent in the way it described itself and the state: At times it described itself internationally as the Government of the Republic of Ireland; At other times it continued to insist that the name of the Irish state was Ireland.
From the second half of 1950, the Irish government reverted to consistently styling itself the Government of Ireland. The Irish state joined the United Nations in 1955 as Ireland over protests concerning its name by the United Kingdom. Similarly, the United Kingdom protested when the Irish state was admitted to the European Economic Community in 1973 as Ireland. Australia also for several years following the declaration of a republic refused to exchange ambassadors with Dublin on the basis of the name "Ireland" rather than "Republic of Ireland", on the basis that this would have involved recognition of a territorial claim to part of His/Her Majesty's dominions. A legacy of this dispute was the designation of the Irish legation in London as the "Irish Embassy", rather than the title "Embassy of Ireland" preferred by Dublin. A further Commonwealth anomaly was the title of the monarch in Canada. In 1950, following the declaration of a republic the Irish and Canadian High Commissioners were replaced by Ambassadors / Ministers Plenipotentiary, accredited on the basis of the sovereign's title in Canada still encompassing the whole of Ireland. Even in 1952, following the accession of Queen Elizabeth II, and prior to the revised definition of the royal title in 1953, Canada's preferred format was: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas.
For its part, the Irish government also disputed the right of the British state to call itself the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Irish government objected to the words "and Northern Ireland" in the name of the British state. The name also ran against the Irish state's territorial claim to Northern Ireland. The dispute over the names of their respective states was most apparent when the two states concluded bilateral treaties. For example, when the Anglo-Irish Agreement was made in 1985 between the two states, the British text of the agreement gave it the formal title "Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Ireland" whereas the Irish government's text of the very same agreement gave it the formal title "Agreement between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom".
The Government Information Bureau in 1953 issued a directive, noting that Article 4 of the 1937 Constitution gave the name as "Éire" or, in the English language, "Ireland"; they noted that whenever the name of the state was mentioned in an English language document, Ireland should be used and that "Care should be taken", the directive stated, "to avoid the use of the expression Republic of Ireland or Irish Republic in such a context or in such a manner as might suggest that it is a geographical term applicable to the area of the Twenty‐Six counties." According to Mary Daly, this directive remained in use for a number of years. A copy was sent to Bord Fáilte (the Irish tourist board) in 1959, reminding them not to use the title "the Republic of Ireland" on their promotional literature.
In 1963, under the auspices of the Council of Europe, to revise geography textbooks, the Irish Department of Education issued guidelines to delegates on politically correct geographic terminology: "British Isles" and "United Kingdom" were deemed objectionable and that delegates insist on "Ireland" and "Great Britain." The term "Republic of Ireland" should be avoided but that delegates were no longer to insist on "the Six Counties" in place of "Northern Ireland" in an attempt to improve relations with Northern Ireland.
In February 1964, the Irish government indicated its wish to appoint an ambassador to Canberra. The one issue, however, that blocked the exchange of ambassadors had been the insistence of Australia that the letters carried by the Irish ambassador should have the royal title as "Elizabeth the Second, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Australia and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen." This was, according to Daly, despite the fact that the Australian Royal Style and Titles Act did not mention Northern Ireland, referring only to "the United Kingdom, Australia" etc. However, that November when Eoin MacWhite presented his credentials as Irish Ambassador to Australia, a circular was issued to all Australian government departments indicating to them to use the word "Ireland" rather than "the Irish Republic". The UK was by the mid-1960s the only country not to refer to the state as Ireland.
In 1985 the British command papers described the Anglo-Irish Agreement as an "Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of Ireland", with the Irish official papers described it as an "Agreement Between the Government of Ireland and the Government of the United Kingdom". The British Foreign and Commonwealth Office referred to Ireland as the "Republic of Ireland" – however since 2000 it has referred to the State as "Ireland." The credentials presented by the British ambassador, Stewart Eldon, in 2003, were addressed to the President of Ireland.
Republic of Ireland v Irish Republic
When the Republic of Ireland Act was enacted, the United Kingdom cabinet debated whether it should use the new name in preference to "Eire". Having said that it was minded to do so and invited comment, the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (Sir Basil Brooke, Ulster Unionist) objected in the strongest possible terms, saying that the new description "was intended to repeat Eire's claim to jurisdiction over the whole island." Attlee partly accepted this argument, saying that the [UK] bill should formally recognise the title 'Republic of Ireland' but that the description "The Irish Republic" would be employed in all official usage. Indeed, despite the Belfast Agreement, almost all British publications still follow this style (see below).
In the Irish courts
The name of the state — both in English and in Irish — was considered in one case in the Irish courts. In the 1989 Supreme Court case of Ellis v O'Dea, the court objected to the issuing of extradition warrants (in English) by the United Kingdom's courts naming the state as Éire and not Ireland. Judge Brian Walsh said that while the courts of other countries were at liberty to issue such warrants in the Irish language, if they used the English language they had to refer to the state as Ireland. Walsh and Judge Niall McCarthy expressed the view that where extradition warrants did not use the correct name of the state it was the duty of the courts and of the Gardaí to return such warrants for rectification. Both judges also noted that the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 did not change the name of the state as prescribed in the Constitution. The following is an extract from Walsh's judgement:
Good Friday Agreement
The dispute between the UK and Irish governments over the names of their respective states has not yet been finally resolved. The Ireland Act 1949 has not been formally repealed by the UK but has been in effect overridden. This resolution took place when the Good Friday Agreement (or Belfast Agreement) was concluded in 1998. That Agreement concerned a wide range of constitutional and other matters regarding Northern Ireland. Notably, as part of it, the Irish state dropped its legal claim to the territory of Northern Ireland. In the title of the Agreement, the two governments used their respective domestic law names, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Ireland. However, the Irish Ministry of Foreign Affairs still refers to the UK as "Great Britain". Some Unionist members of the British parliament objected strenuously to the use of the term the Government of Ireland. They proposed that the practice of referring to the Irish government as the Government of the Republic of Ireland should be continued. Their objections were not accepted. Responding for the British government in the House of Lords, Lord Dubs explained that the new practice of referring to the Irish state by the name Ireland:
This policy has been respected by both governments since the Belfast Agreement. A House of Lords debate, ten years later in May 2008, on Regulations governing political donations by Irish citizens and bodies to political parties in Northern Ireland, is a good example of this. During the debate Lord Rooker, a Government minister, said that the Regulations would: "acknowledge the special place that the island of Ireland and the Republic of Ireland occupy in the political life of Northern Ireland". Responding, Lord Glentoran suggested that Lord Rooker in fact "meant to say that [the draft Regulations recognise] the special place that Ireland occupies in the political life of Northern Ireland." Agreeing with Lord Glentoran's observation, Lord Rooker responded:
So far there has been no domestic British legislation explicitly providing that Ireland may be used as a name for the Irish state for the purposes of domestic British law. While the UK's Ireland Act 1949 provides for use of the name Republic of Ireland in domestic British law, that legislation is permissive rather than mandatory so it does not mean Ireland cannot be used instead. However, some legal commentators have speculated that it may be necessary for the British government to introduce legislation to also explicitly provide for use of the name Ireland for the Irish state because under domestic British law the name Ireland might be interpreted as referring to the whole island of Ireland. There is no requirement to amend domestic Irish legislation.
Nevertheless, there are now a growing number of UK statutes and regulations that refer to the Irish state as simply Ireland and make no reference to the Republic of Ireland. One example is the Disqualifications Act 2000 which refers, inter alia, to the "legislature of Ireland", the "House of Representatives of Ireland" and the "Senate of Ireland". The Loans to Ireland Act 2010 refers to the state as simply "Ireland". The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use uses simply Ireland for the country name.
Similarly, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office do not use the term Republic of Ireland but rather apply the term Ireland when advising potential British Nationals choosing to live in Ireland. In contrast, the Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 1990 referred to barristers and solicitors qualified "in Ireland" and made no reference to the "Republic of Ireland" but when these regulations were replaced by the Qualified Lawyers Transfer Regulations 2009, the Regulations were amended to refer to the Republic of Ireland and not Ireland.
However, in her letter to President of the European Council Donald Tusk, invoking Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union to give effect to Brexit, Prime Minister Theresa May used the term Republic of Ireland:
British media usage
The names attributed to the state by the British media are sometimes the subject of discussion in the state. The style guides of British news sources adopt differing policies for referring to the state (though notably all deprecate 'Eire' even though it was often used even in the late 20th century):
The Times "Ireland: the two parts should be called the Republic of Ireland or the Irish Republic (avoid Eire except in direct quotes or historical context), and Northern Ireland."
The Guardian "Ireland, Irish Republic, not Eire or "Southern Ireland""
The Daily Telegraph "Ireland includes Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Irish Government means the one in Dublin. Use Irish Republic or the Republic according to context, but not Eire."
The Economist "Ireland is simply Ireland. Although it is a republic, it is not the Republic of Ireland. Neither is it, in English, Eire."
BBC Radio "Ireland is an island, comprising Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic."
BBC News style guide Using Ireland is acceptable but it may be helpful to make clear early on we are talking about the country rather than the island. Republic of Ireland or the Irish Republic are also fine. However, when writing stories that cover both parts (eg: The numbers of songbirds are declining throughout Ireland), we should try to make clear that we are talking about the island as a whole.: Do not use either Eire or Southern Ireland. Say Ireland, the Republic of Ireland or the Irish Republic. Its people (and the adjective) are Irish - some people living in Northern Ireland may also describe themselves as Irish or Northern Irish.
See also
History of the Republic of Ireland
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Alternative names for Northern Ireland
Hibernia
Ériu
Notes
References
History of the British Empire
History of the Commonwealth of Nations
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
History of the Republic of Ireland
Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations
Ireland
Terminology of the British Isles
Irish state
Names for Ireland |
The Texas 7ers are a professional basketball team and a member of the Basketball League(TBL).
History
On May 10 2019, it was announced a new franchise called the Dallas Skyline would compete in the 2020 season with Prescott Mack is the team owner. The team decided to sit out the 2023 season.
On January 10, 2022, it was announced a new basketball team, called the Rockwall 7ers would join The Basketball League for the 2022 season.
On September 14, 2023 the Rockwell 7ers, announced that the team merged with the Dallas Skyline to become the Texas 7ers for the 2024 season.
References
The Basketball League teams
Basketball teams established in 2019 |
```python
# python notebook for Make Your Own Neural Network
# code for a 3-layer neural network, and code for learning the MNIST dataset
# (c) Tariq Rashid, 2016
# license is GPLv2
```
```python
import numpy
# scipy.special for the sigmoid function expit()
import scipy.special
# library for plotting arrays
import matplotlib.pyplot
```
```python
# neural network class definition
class neuralNetwork:
# initialise the neural network
def __init__(self, inputnodes, hiddennodes, outputnodes, learningrate):
# set number of nodes in each input, hidden, output layer
self.inodes = inputnodes
self.hnodes = hiddennodes
self.onodes = outputnodes
# link weight matrices, wih and who
# weights inside the arrays are w_i_j, where link is from node i to node j in the next layer
# w11 w21
# w12 w22 etc
self.wih = numpy.random.normal(0.0, pow(self.inodes, -0.5), (self.hnodes, self.inodes))
self.who = numpy.random.normal(0.0, pow(self.hnodes, -0.5), (self.onodes, self.hnodes))
# learning rate
self.lr = learningrate
# activation function is the sigmoid function
self.activation_function = lambda x: scipy.special.expit(x)
pass
# train the neural network
def train(self, inputs_list, targets_list):
# convert inputs list to 2d array
inputs = numpy.array(inputs_list, ndmin=2).T
targets = numpy.array(targets_list, ndmin=2).T
# calculate signals into hidden layer
hidden_inputs = numpy.dot(self.wih, inputs)
# calculate the signals emerging from hidden layer
hidden_outputs = self.activation_function(hidden_inputs)
# calculate signals into final output layer
final_inputs = numpy.dot(self.who, hidden_outputs)
# calculate the signals emerging from final output layer
final_outputs = self.activation_function(final_inputs)
# output layer error is the (target - actual)
output_errors = targets - final_outputs
# hidden layer error is the output_errors, split by weights, recombined at hidden nodes
hidden_errors = numpy.dot(self.who.T, output_errors)
# update the weights for the links between the hidden and output layers
self.who += self.lr * numpy.dot((output_errors * final_outputs * (1.0 - final_outputs)), numpy.transpose(hidden_outputs))
# update the weights for the links between the input and hidden layers
self.wih += self.lr * numpy.dot((hidden_errors * hidden_outputs * (1.0 - hidden_outputs)), numpy.transpose(inputs))
pass
# query the neural network
def query(self, inputs_list):
# convert inputs list to 2d array
inputs = numpy.array(inputs_list, ndmin=2).T
# calculate signals into hidden layer
hidden_inputs = numpy.dot(self.wih, inputs)
# calculate the signals emerging from hidden layer
hidden_outputs = self.activation_function(hidden_inputs)
# calculate signals into final output layer
final_inputs = numpy.dot(self.who, hidden_outputs)
# calculate the signals emerging from final output layer
final_outputs = self.activation_function(final_inputs)
return final_outputs
```
```python
# number of input, hidden and output nodes
input_nodes = 784
hidden_nodes = 200
output_nodes = 10
# learning rate
learning_rate = 0.1
# create instance of neural network
n = neuralNetwork(input_nodes,hidden_nodes,output_nodes, learning_rate)
```
```python
# load the mnist training data CSV file into a list
training_data_file = open("mnist_dataset/mnist_train.csv", 'r')
training_data_list = training_data_file.readlines()
training_data_file.close()
```
```python
# train the neural network
# epochs is the number of times the training data set is used for training
epochs = 5
for e in range(epochs):
# go through all records in the training data set
for record in training_data_list:
# split the record by the ',' commas
all_values = record.split(',')
# scale and shift the inputs
inputs = (numpy.asfarray(all_values[1:]) / 255.0 * 0.99) + 0.01
# create the target output values (all 0.01, except the desired label which is 0.99)
targets = numpy.zeros(output_nodes) + 0.01
# all_values[0] is the target label for this record
targets[int(all_values[0])] = 0.99
n.train(inputs, targets)
pass
pass
```
```python
# load the mnist test data CSV file into a list
test_data_file = open("mnist_dataset/mnist_test.csv", 'r')
test_data_list = test_data_file.readlines()
test_data_file.close()
```
```python
# test the neural network
# scorecard for how well the network performs, initially empty
scorecard = []
# go through all the records in the test data set
for record in test_data_list:
# split the record by the ',' commas
all_values = record.split(',')
# correct answer is first value
correct_label = int(all_values[0])
# scale and shift the inputs
inputs = (numpy.asfarray(all_values[1:]) / 255.0 * 0.99) + 0.01
# query the network
outputs = n.query(inputs)
# the index of the highest value corresponds to the label
label = numpy.argmax(outputs)
# append correct or incorrect to list
if (label == correct_label):
# network's answer matches correct answer, add 1 to scorecard
scorecard.append(1)
else:
# network's answer doesn't match correct answer, add 0 to scorecard
scorecard.append(0)
pass
pass
```
```python
# calculate the performance score, the fraction of correct answers
scorecard_array = numpy.asarray(scorecard)
print ("performance = ", scorecard_array.sum() / scorecard_array.size)
```
```python
``` |
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of . Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east.
Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara, Ikoma, and Yamatokōriyama. Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan.
History
Nara Prefecture region is considered one of the oldest regions in Japan, having been in existence for thousands of years, and is widely viewed as the Japanese cradle of civilization. Like Kyoto, Nara was one of Imperial Japan's earliest capital cities. The current form of Nara Prefecture was officially created in 1887 when it became independent of Osaka Prefecture.
Historically, Nara Prefecture was also known as Yamato-no-kuni or Yamato Province.
Up to Nara Period
From the third century to the fourth century, a poorly documented political force existed at the foot of Mount Miwa, east of Nara Basin. It sought unification of most parts in Japan. Since the historical beginning of Japan, Yamato was its political center.
Ancient capitals of Japan were built on the land of Nara, namely Asuka-kyō, Fujiwara-kyō (694–710) and Heijō-kyō (most of 710–784). The capital cities of Fujiwara and Heijō are believed to have been modeled after Chinese capitals at the time, incorporating grid layout patterns. The royal court also established relations with Sui and then Tang dynasty China and sent students to the Middle Kingdom to learn high civilization. By 7th century, Nara accepted the many immigrants including refugees of Baekje who had escaped from war disturbances of the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The first high civilization with royal patronage of Buddhism flourished in today's Nara city (710–784 AD).
Nara in the Heian period
In 784, Emperor Kanmu decided to relocate the capital to Nagaoka-kyō in Yamashiro Province, followed by another move in 794 to Heian-kyō, marking the start of the Heian period. The temples in Nara remained powerful beyond the move of political capital, thus giving Nara a synonym of "Nanto" (meaning "South Capital") as opposed to Heian-kyō, situated in the north. Close to the end of Heian period, Taira no Shigehira, a son of Taira no Kiyomori, was ordered by his father to depress the power of various parties, mainly Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji, who were backing up an opposition group headed by Prince Mochihito. The movement led to a collision between the Taira and the Nara temples in 1180. This clash eventually led to Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji being set on fire, resulting in vast destruction of architectural heritage.
Medieval Nara
At the rise of the Minamoto to its ruling seat and the opening of Kamakura shogunate, Nara enjoyed the support of Minamoto no Yoritomo toward restoration. Kōfuku-ji, being the "home temple" to the Fujiwara since its foundation, not only regained the power it had before but became a de facto regional chief of Yamato Province. With the reconstruction of Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji, a town was growing again near the two temples.
The Nanboku-chō period, starting in 1336, brought more instability to Nara. As Emperor Go-Daigo chose Yoshino as his base, a power struggle arose in Kōfuku-ji with a group supporting the South and another siding the North court. Likewise, local clans were split into two. Kōfuku-ji recovered its control over the province for a short time at the surrender of the South Court in 1392, while the internal power game of the temple itself opened a way for the local samurai clans to spring up and fight with each other, gradually acquiring their own territories, thus diminishing the influence of Kōfuku-ji overall.
The Sengoku and Edo periods
Later, the whole province of Yamato got drawn into the confusion of the Sengoku period. Tōdai-ji was once again set on fire in 1567, when Matsunaga Hisahide, who was later appointed by Oda Nobunaga to the lord of Yamato Province, fought for supremacy against his former master Miyoshi family. Followed by short appointments of Tsutsui Junkei and Toyotomi Hidenaga by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to the lord, the Tokugawa shogunate ultimately ruled the city of Nara directly, and most parts of Yamato province with a few feudal lords allocated at Kōriyama, Takatori and other places. With industry and commerce developing in the 18th century, the economy of the province was incorporated into prosperous Osaka, the commercial capital of Japan at the time.
From the establishment of Nara Prefecture to the present
A first prefecture (briefly -fu in 1868, but -ken for most of the time) named Nara was established in the Meiji Restoration in 1868 as successor to the shogunate administration of the shogunate city and shogunate lands in Yamato. After the 1871 Abolition of the han system, Nara was merged with other prefectures (from former han, see List of Han#Yamato Province) and cleared of ex-/enclaves to encompass all of Yamato province. In 1876, Nara was merged into Sakai which in turn became part of Osaka in 1881. In 1887, Nara became independent again, with Saisho Atsushi as the first governor. The first prefectural assembly of Nara was elected in the same year and opened its first session in 1888 in the gallery of the main hall of Tōdai temple.
In the 1889 Great Meiji mergers which subdivided all (then 45) prefectures into modern municipalities, Nara prefecture's 16 districts were subdivided into 154 municipalities: 10 towns and 144 villages. The first city in Nara was only established in 1898 when Nara Town from Soekami District was made district-independent to become Nara City (see List of mergers in Nara Prefecture and List of mergers in Osaka Prefecture).
The economic dependency to Osaka even characterizes today's Nara Prefecture, for many inhabitants commute to Osaka to work or study there.
On 8 July 2022, former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was assassinated while making a campaign stop for his Liberal Democratic Party in Nara.
Geography
Nara Prefecture is part of the Kansai, or Kinki, region of Japan, and is located in the middle of the Kii Peninsula on the western half of Honshu. Nara Prefecture is landlocked. It is bordered to the west by Wakayama Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture; on the north by Kyoto Prefecture and on the east by Mie Prefecture.
Nara Prefecture is from east to west and from north to south.
Most of the prefecture is covered by mountains and forests, leaving an inhabitable area of only . The ratio of inhabitable area to total area is 23%, ranked 43rd among the 47 prefectures in Japan.
Nara Prefecture is bisected by the Japan Median Tectonic Line (MTL) running through its territory east to west, along the Yoshino River. On the northern side of the MTL is the so-called Inner Zone, where active faults running north to south are still shaping the landscape. The Ikoma Mountains in the northwest form the border with Osaka Prefecture. The Nara Basin, which lies to the east of these mountains, contains the highest concentration of population in Nara Prefecture. Further east are the Kasagi Mountains, which separate the Basin from the Yamato Highlands.
South of the MTL is the Outer Zone, comprising the Kii Mountains, which occupy about 60% of the land area of the prefecture. The Ōmine Range is in the center of the Kii Mountains, running north to south, with steep valleys on both sides. The tallest mountain in Nara Prefecture, and indeed in the Kansai region, is Mount Hakkyō. To the west, separating Nara Prefecture from Wakayama Prefecture, is the Obako Range, with peaks around . To the east, bordering Mie Prefecture, is the Daikō Range, including Mount Ōdaigahara. This mountainous region is also home to a World Heritage Site, the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range".
About 17% of the total land area of the prefecture is designated as National Park land, comprising the Yoshino-Kumano National Park, Kongō-Ikoma-Kisen, Kōya-Ryūjin, Murō-Akame-Aoyama, and Yamato-Aogaki Quasi-National Parks; and the Tsukigase-Kōnoyama, Yata, and Yoshinogawa-Tsuboro Prefectural Natural Parks.
Climate
In the Nara Basin, the climate has inland characteristics, as represented in the bigger temperature variance within the same day, and the difference of summer and winter temperatures. Winter temperatures average about , and in the summer with highest reaching close to . There is not a single year over the last decade (since 1990, up to 2007) with more than 10 days of snowfall recorded by Nara Local Meteorological Observatory.
The climate in the rest of the prefecture are mountainous, and especially in the south, with below being the extreme minimum in winter. Heavy rainfall is observed in summer. The annual accumulated rainfall ranges as much as , which is among the heaviest in Japan.
Spring and fall are temperate. The mountainous region of Yoshino has been popular both historically and presently for its cherry blossoms in the spring. In the fall, the southern mountains are equally striking with the changing of the oak trees.
Municipalities
Since 2006, there are 39 municipalities in Nara Prefecture: twelve [by definition: district-independent] cities and seven remaining districts containing 15 towns and twelve villages:
Kansai Science City is located in the northwest.
Mergers
Demographics
According to the 2005 Census of Japan, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,421,310, which is a decrease of 1.5%, since the year 2000.
The decline continued in 2006, with another decrease of 4,987 people compared to 2005. This includes a natural decrease from previous year of 288 people (11,404 births minus 11,692 deaths) and a decrease due to net domestic migration of 4,627 people outbound from the prefecture, and a decrease of 72 registered foreigners. Net domestic migration has turned into a continuous outbound trend since 1998. The largest destinations of migration in 2005 were the prefectures of Kyoto, Tokyo, and Hyōgo, with respectively a net of 1,130,982 and 451 people moving over. The largest inbound migration was from Niigata Prefecture, contributing to a net increase of 39 people. 13.7% of its population were reported as under 15, 65.9% between 15 and 64, and 20.4% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 52.5% of the population.
As of 2004, the average density of the prefecture is 387 people per km2. By districts, the so-called Yamato flat inland plain holds as much as about 90% of total population within the approximately 23% size of area in the north-west, including the Nara
Basin, representing a density of 1,531 people per km2. To the contrast, the combined district Gojō and Yoshino District occupies almost 64% of the land, while only 6% of people lives there, resulting in a density of 39 people km2.
Nara prefecture had the highest rate in Japan of people commuting outbound for work, at 30.9% in 2000. A similar tendency is seen in prefectures such as Saitama, Chiba, and Kanagawa, all three of them having over 20% of people commuting for other prefectures.
Politics
A governor and members of prefectural assembly is elected by citizens in accordance with the Local Autonomy Law.
Shōgo Arai was governor between 2007 and 2023, a former LDP member of the national House of Councillors. In the April 2019 gubernatorial election, he was re-elected to a fourth term with major party support (LDP, DPFP, Kōmeitō) with 47.5% of the vote against former Democratic Diet member and vice-minister Kiyoshige Maekawa (32.3%) and independent physician Minoru Kawashima (20.2%).
In 2023, Makoto Yamashita was elected governor. This was the first time Nippon Ishi gained a governor outside of Osaka.
As of 2019, there are 43 seats in the Nara Prefectural Assembly, elected in 16 constituencies (4 single-member, 12 multi-member). After the April 2019 assembly election, the LDP is by far the largest party with 21 members while no other party won more than four seats, but its members are split between several parliamentary groups; by group, the composition as of May 2019 was: LDP 10, LDP Nara 9, Sōsei Nara [of independents] 5, Shinsei Nara [mainly DPFP] 5, JCP 4, Nippon Ishin no Kai 4, Kōmeitō 3, LDP Kizuna 2.
There was a clear tendency seen through the results of Lower House election in 2005, that the younger generation executes its voting right much less compared to the older. Only 48.8% of citizens age 20–29 voted, whereas all older generations (grouped by decades) votes more than its younger, reaching the highest voting rate of 86.3% at ages 60–69. The only exception was the 72.1% voting right executed by citizens of 70 or older. The overall average of the prefecture who voted was yet higher, at 70.3%, than that of nationwide average, 67.5%.
As of October 2019, Nara's directly elected delegation to the National Diet is all-LDP, namely:
in the House of Representatives where Nara has lost one district in a 2017 reapportionment
for the 1st district in the North consisting of most of Nara City and Ikoma City: Shigeki Kobayashi (LDP, 2nd term) who narrowly defeated long-time incumbent Sumio Mabuchi in the 2017 House of Representatives election,
for the 2nd district with southern suburbs (and a small part) of the capital: Sanae Takaichi (LDP, 8th term) who has served as minister in several cabinets and was re-elected with 60% of the vote in 2017,
for the 3rd district which covers the less urbanized, central and Southern parts of Nara: Taidō Tanose (LDP, 3rd term), member for the now-abolished 4th district before 2017,
in the House of Councillors where the Nara district is one of the often decisive FPTP single-member districts
in the 2016–2022 class: Kei Satō (LDP, 1st term) who defeated incumbent Kiyoshige Maekawa in 2016 by a twelve-point-margin in a three-way contest with an Osaka Ishin no Kai challenger,
in the 2019–2025 class: Iwao Horii (LDP, 2nd term) who defended the seat 55% to 40% against an "independent", joint centre-left (CDP, DPFP, SDP) challenger in 2019.
Economy
The 2004 total gross prefecture product (GPP) for Nara was ¥3.8 trillion, an 0.1% growth over previous year. The per capita income was ¥2.6 million, which is a 1.3% decrease from previous year. The 2004 total gross prefecture product (GPP) for Nara was ¥3.8 trillion, an 0.1% growth over previous year. Manufacturing has the biggest share in the GPP of Nara with 20.2% of share, followed by services (19.1%) and real estates (16.3%). The share of agriculture including forestry and fishery was a mere 1.0%, only above mining, which is quasi-inexistent in Nara.
Tourism is treated by the prefectural government as one of the most important features of Nara, because of its natural environment and historical significance.
Nara is famed for its Kaki persimmon. Strawberry and tea are some other popular products of the prefecture, while rice and vegetables, including spinach, tomato, eggplants, and others are the dominant in terms of amount of production.
Nara is a center for the production of instruments used in conducting traditional Japanese artforms. Brush and ink (sumi) are the best known products from Nara for calligraphy. Wooden or bamboo instruments, especially from Takayama area (in Ikoma city) are famous products for tea ceremony.
Goldfish from Yamatokōriyama in Nara have been a traditional aquacultural product since the 18th century.
Due to its rich history, Nara is also the location of many archeological digs, with many famous ones being located in the village of Asuka.
Culture
The culture of Nara is tied to the Kansai region in which it is located. However, like each of the other prefectures of Kansai, Nara has unique aspects to its culture, parts of which stem from its long history dating back to the Nara period.
Dialect
There are large differences in dialect between the north/central region of the prefecture, where Nara city is located, and the Okunoya district in the south. The north/central dialect is close to Osaka's dialect, whilst Okunoya's dialect favours a Tokyo-style accent. The lengthening of vowel sounds in the Okunoya dialect is unseen in other dialects of the Kinki region, making it a special feature.
Food culture
Foods particular to Nara Prefecture include:
Narazuke, a method of pickling vegetables
Miwa sōmen, a type of wheat noodle
, a rice porridge made with green tea
, sushi wrapped in persimmon leaves
, rice balls wrapped in pickled takana leaves
Traditional arts
The following are recognized by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry as being traditional arts of Nara:
Takayama Tea Whisk (Bamboo item category, recognized in 1975)
Nara Calligraphy Brush (Stationery category, recognized in 1977)
Museums
Nara National Museum
Heijō Palace Museum
Nara Prefectural Museum of Art
Kashihara Archaeological Institute Museum
Education
Universities
Nara Women's University
Nara Medical University
Nara University of Education
Nara University
Nara Prefectural University
Nara Sangyo University (Nara Industrial University)
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Kio University
Tezukayama University
Tenri University
Hakuhō College
Sports
The sports teams listed below are based in Nara.
Football (Soccer)
Nara Club (Nara)
Basketball
Bambitious Nara (Nara)
Tourism
Many jinja (Shinto shrines), Buddhist temples, and kofun exist in Nara Prefecture, making it is a centre for tourism. Moreover, many world heritage sites, such as the temple Tōdai-ji and Kasuga Shrine, exist in the capital city of Nara.
World Heritage sites
Transportation
Railroad
JR West
Yamatoji Line
Kansai Line
Manyo Mahoroba Line
Wakayama Line
Kintetsu
Nara Line
Keihanna Line
Kyoto Line
Kashihara Line
Ikoma Line
Ikoma Cable Line
Tenri Line
Osaka Line
Tawaramoto Line
Minami Osaka Line
Gose Line
Yoshino Line
Bus
from Nara and Tenri
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Tokyo Station
Yokohama
Tokyo Disneyland in Urayasu
Makuhari, Chiba Prefecture
Nagoya
Osaka International Airport
Kansai International Airport
from Yamato Yagi and Gose
Shinjuku, Tokyo
Shingu
Totsukawa
Road
Expressways and toll roads
Nishi-Meihan Expressway
Meihan Road
Keinawa Expressway
Second Hanna(Osaka-Nara) Road
South Hanna Road
National highways
Route 24
Route 25 (Osaka-Tenri-Nabari-Yokkaichi)
Route 163
Route 165
Route 166
Route 168 (Hirakata-Ikoma-Kashiba-Gojo-Totsukawa-Shingu)
Route 169 (Nara-Tenri-Oyodo-Yoshino-Shingu)
Route 308
Route 309
Route 310
Route 311
Route 368
Route 369
Route 370
Route 371
Route 422
Route 425
Notes
References
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128
External links
Official Nara Prefecture homepage
Nara Prefecture All Rights Reserved
okuyamato.pref.nara
Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area (UNESCO)
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (UNESCO)
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range (UNESCO)
Map of Nara City
Photos of Nara's temples & shrines
Nara Tourist Information Center
Commemorative Events of the 1300th Anniversary of Nara Heijo-kyo Capital
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties
Kansai region
Prefectures of Japan
Tenrikyo |
Sidney Louie Gunter Jr. (February 27, 1925 – March 15, 2013), known as Hardrock Gunter, was a singer, songwriter and guitarist whose music at the turn of the 1950s prefigured rock and roll and rockabilly music.
Biography
He was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He formed his first group, the Hoot Owl Ramblers, in his teens, and also performed a solo novelty act in talent shows. In 1939, he joined Happy Wilson's Golden River Boys, a country swing group, and acquired his nickname when a van trunk lid fell on him before a show and he never flinched. After wartime service he returned to work with the group, before leaving to become their agent and starting to appear on local TV.
As a popular local personality, he was approached to record by Birmingham's Bama label. He recorded his own song "Birmingham Bounce" in early 1950, the Golden River Boys being renamed the Pebbles on the record. It became a regional hit, and led to over 20 cover versions, the most successful being by Red Foley, whose version reached no.1 on the Billboard country chart and no.14 on the pop chart. Gunter's original version has become regarded as a contender for the first rock and roll record, predating "Rocket 88" by a year.
Gunter followed up with "Gonna Dance All Night", one of the first records to feature the actual words "rock'n'roll". When the Bama label folded, Gunter signed to Decca, and his 1951 duet with Roberta Lee, "Sixty Minute Man," was one of the first country records to cross over to R&B audiences. In 1953 he began working at a radio station, and also remade "Gonna Dance All Night" and recorded "Jukebox Help Me Find My Baby", both of which were issued by Sun Records and became regional hits. In 1958 he was one of the first musicians to use both echo and overdub on his recording of "Boppin' to Grandfather's Clock", released under the name Sidney Jo Lewis.
He continued to record with limited success, and in the 1960s left the music business to develop a career in insurance, based in Colorado. He retired to Rio Rancho, New Mexico. In 1995 he began to perform again at festivals in England, Germany and the United States. He died in 2013, from complications of pneumonia, at the age of 88.
References
External links
Official website
[ AllMusic]
Interview from 2005 – see Interviews with Musicians That Recorded for Sun Records, Memphis
American rockabilly musicians
American country singer-songwriters
American rock singers
King Records artists
Starday Records artists
Charly Records artists
1925 births
2013 deaths
Musicians from Birmingham, Alabama |
Naked Ambition 2, also known as 3D Naked Ambition (), is a 2014 Hong Kong 3D sex comedy film directed by Lee Kung-lok and starring Chapman To and Josie Ho. It is a loose sequel to Chan Hing-ka and Dante Lam's 2003 film Naked Ambition. Filming began in Tokyo in October 2013. The film parodies the Japanese adult film industry through various iconic scenes with exaggerated expressions.
Plot
Literature graduate Wyman Chan (Chapman To) writes erotic stories in the soft porn section of the newspaper for a living, but with the soft porn section ceasing publication, he loses his job. The unemployed Chan becomes capricious, and takes inspiration from men working in the Japanese adult video (AV) industry to become a producer of pornographic films. Chan's idea immediately receives enthusiastic responses from his friends, who offer their help—especially Hatoyama (Josie Ho), who is familiar with the Japanese porn industry. While everyone initially takes great interest in being a part of filming, Chan is soon forced into acting in the lead role. Surprisingly, Chan becomes a sensation in Japan for his performance of being sexually harassed and dominated by women in the AV. Hatoyama immediately travels to Hong Kong to persuade Chan to pursue his unrealistic dream—a Hong Kong man entering the Japanese AV industry.
Cast
Chapman To as Wyman Chan (Mario Ozawa)
Josie Ho as Shodaiko Hatoyama, Wyman's agent
Maiko Yūki as Maiko Yūki, who cures Wyman's impotence
Taka Kato as Taka Kato, Wyman's master
Yui Tatsumi as Yui Tatsumi, first AV actress in Wyman's debut
Nozomi Aso as Nozomi Aso, AV actress in "Come for a Body Checkup, Mario" segment
Anri Okita as Anri Okita, L-cup AV actress in "Pervettes in Train" segment
Kana Yume as Kana Yume, cute ghost in "The Horny Spirits" segment
Tsukasa Aoi as Noriko Waiyama, AV newbie in Sailor Moon outfit
Tyson Chak as Larry Leung, Wyman's friend
Derek Tsang as Simon Yuen, Wyman's friend
Candy Yuen as Cecilia Jik, Wyman's girlfriend
Louis Koo as Naoki Nagasaki, competitor for King of AV
Sandra Ng as Kam, Hong Kong prostitute from Golden Chicken films
Charlene Choi as Maisora Aoi, AV actress from China
Wong Jing as Frankie Mo, nicknamed Fat Face Dragon
Helen To as Show Host
References
External links
2010s sex comedy films
2014 3D films
2014 films
2010s Cantonese-language films
Hong Kong 3D films
Hong Kong sex comedy films
Japanese pornography
Films about pornography
2014 comedy films
2010s Hong Kong films |
"Puff (Up in Smoke)" is a song and single written by Bill Giant, Bernie Baum and Florence Kaye, performed by Kenny Lynch and released in 1962.
English comedian and entertainer, Lynch who died in 2019, had eight chart hits. "Puff (Up in Smoke)" was the second hit, making number 33 in the UK Singles Charts in 1962 staying in the charts for 6 weeks.
References
1962 songs
1962 singles
Kenny Lynch songs
Songs written by Bill Giant
Songs written by Bernie Baum
Songs written by Florence Kaye
His Master's Voice singles |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.