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DXKD (1053 AM) Radyo Ronda is a radio station owned and operated by Radio Philippines Network. The station studios are located at the 2nd floor of Sagario Building, National Highway, Turno, Dipolog. It is the pioneer AM radio station in the province. The station also airs a handful of programs from DWIZ 882 Manila. It operates daily from 6:00 AM to 9:00 PM.
Incidents and controversies
In 2012, DXKD station manager and news anchor Leo Cimafranca was reprimanded by the Dipolog City Council for accusing then-Mayor Evelyn Uy and her allies of terrorism in relation to the upcoming 2013 local elections.
References
Radio Philippines Network
RPN News and Public Affairs
News and talk radio stations in the Philippines
Radio stations established in 1968
Radio stations in Zamboanga del Norte |
Nargis Bagheri is an Indian actress and singer who acted in Bollywood and Kollywood films and sang for a Bollywood film.
Biography
Bagheri hails from Pune. Garam Masala was her debut film which was released in 2005. Her Kollywood film Ninaithale was released in 2007. Her next Bollywood film Pranali: The Tradition was released in 2008. Then, her film Morning Walk was released in 2009. In this film, she also sang a song titled "Nach Le". Her last film was Kushti was released in 2010.
Filmography
References
External links
Living people
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses from Pune
Indian women playback singers
Bollywood playback singers
Singers from Pune
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The by forces of the Japanese feudal domain of Satsuma took place from March to May of 1609, and marked the beginning of the Ryukyu Kingdom's status as a vassal state under the Satsuma domain. The invasion force was met with stiff resistance from the Ryukyuan military on all but one island during the campaign. Ryukyu would remain a vassal state under Satsuma, alongside its already long-established tributary relationship with China, until it was formally annexed by Japan in 1879 as the Okinawa Prefecture.
Etymology
The war was called the , with 1609 being a kiyū year in the sexagenary cycle. It was also called the by the Ryukyu Kingdom. In Japan, the war was called the or the during the Edo period, and was called the by many Japanese scholars before WWII.
Background
Satsuma's invasion of Ryukyu was the climax of a long tradition of relations between the kingdom and the Shimazu clan of Satsuma. The two regions had been engaged in trade for at least several centuries and possibly for far longer than that; in addition, Ryukyu at times had paid tribute to the Ashikaga shogunate (1336–1573) of Japan as it did to China since 1372.
In the final decades of the 16th century, the Shimazu clan, along with Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who ruled Japan from 1582 to 1598, requested or demanded various types of aid or service from the kingdom on a number of occasions. King Shō Nei (r. 1587–1620) met some of these demands. Shō Nei sent a tribute ship, the Aya-Bune, to Satsuma in February or March of 1592, and agreed to provide approximately half of his allocated burden in preparation for the invasion of Korea in 1593. However, Shō Nei also ignored many communications from Shimazu and Hideyoshi, which spurred the Shimazu, with the permission of the newly established Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1867), to invade Ryukyu in 1609, claiming it to be a punitive mission.
One of the chief events which spurred Satsuma to aggression occurred when Hideyoshi launched the first of two invasions of Korea. In 1591, Shimazu Yoshihisa said that "Hideyoshi ordered Ryukyu and Satsuma to contribute 15000 troops in order to invade China; however, Ryukyu is a far country and Japanese military strategy is unfamiliar to your forces. I exempt you from mobilization of the troops. In exchange, however, you must supply 10 months' rations for 7000 troops." Sho Nei supplied only half of the demanded amount in 1593.
Following Hideyoshi's death in 1598, and Tokugawa Ieyasu's subsequent rise to power, Shō Nei was asked by Satsuma to formally submit to the new shogunate, a request which was ignored. In 1603, some Ryukyu sailors were cast ashore on the coast of the Sendai domain, and Tokugawa Ieyasu sent them back to Ryukyu. The Shimazu asked Ryukyu to thank Ieyasu again, but Ryukyu ignored the request. The Shimazu then requested to launch a punitive mission against Ryukyu. Approximately 100 ships carrying roughly 3,000 soldiers concentrated at Yamakawa harbor on March 1, 1609. Ichirai Magobee, who was one of them, would write a diary documenting the expedition. The fleet left harbor on March 4, under the command of Kabayama Hisataka and Hirata Masumune.
Campaign
Amami Island
The Satsuma fleet arrived at Amami Ōshima on April 7, where the Amamian people did not resist, but assisted the Satsuma army. Tameten (笠利首里大屋子為転), the chief of Kasari, was a subject of Kabayama, and called on the Amamian people to surrender. Shigetedaru (焼内首里大屋子茂手樽), the chief of Yakiuchi, supplied the Satsuma army. On April 10, Shō Nei was informed of Satsuma's landing on Amami, and he sent Ibun (天龍寺以文長老), the priest of Tenryu temple, to Amami in order to surrender, but Ibun missed the Satsuma army for unknown reasons. On April 16, 13 Satsuma ships then left for Tokunoshima in advance, and the others left Amami at 6am on April 20.
Tokuno Island
On April 17, 13 ships arrived at Tokunoshima and dispersed. Two ships arrived at Kanaguma, but nothing happened. Eight ships arrived at Wanya. The ships were besieged all night by 1,000 people. On April 18, Satsuma troops disembarked, fired into the crowds, and killed 50 people. Three ships arrived at Akitoku, and were attacked at the water's edge by the Akitoku people. However, troops quickly fought back and killed 20–30 people. The Satsuma fleet also arrived at Akitoku at 4pm, April 20. On April 21, Kabayama left for Okierabu Island with 10 ships in advance. Others left Tokunoshima at 10am, April 24, and arrived at Okierabu at sunset. They met Kabayama and his ships there, and quickly departed for Okinawa Island.
Okinawa Island
The Satsuma fleet arrived at Unten harbor on the Motobu Peninsula of Okinawa island on April 25 at 18:00. On April 27, some disembarked. They found Nakijin Castle deserted, and set fires in several places. As soon as Shō Nei heard of Satsuma's arrival at Nakijin, he called Kikuin (菊隠), the zen master, giving him a royal order: "You had lived in Satsuma for several years, so you know three lords of the Shimazu clan very well. Go and make a proposal for peace." Kikuin and his diplomatic mission (Kian was an assistant) left the Ryukyuan royal capital, Shuri at 8am, April 26, and arrived at Kuraha at 12pm. They left Kuraha for Onna by boat. On April 27, they left Onna, and arrived at Nakijin. Kikuin parleyed with Kabayama, who then ordered peace talks at Naha.
In the early morning of April 29, the Satsuma fleet and Kikuin left Unten harbor. They arrived at Ōwan, near Yomitanzan at 6pm. The Ryukyuan Mission left immediately, and arrived at Makiminato at 10pm, where they left their boat, and arrived late at night. Kikuin reported Kabayama's order to Shō Nei, and went down to Naha in the early morning. At Ōwan, Kabayama sent some of his officers to Naha in order to fulfill his promise, while he disembarked his other men, because he heard that there was a chain at the entrance of Naha harbor. "If there is a chain, no ship can enter the harbor." Kabayama and his army then landed at Ōwan, and marched to Shuri.
At 2 PM, May 1, the Satsuma ships entered Naha harbor, and immediately held peace talks at Oyamise (親見世). At that time, there was a fire in Shuri, and Kabayama's force reacted and surged forward. Some Satsuma officers ran up to Shuri from Naha, and calmed down troops. Because Shō Nei gave Kabayama his own brother Shō Ko (尚宏), and all three of his ministers as hostage, Kabayama ordered his men to return to Naha from Shuri, and all of the Satsuma army were there by 4pm, May 1. On May 4, Shō Nei left Shuri Castle, and on May 5, some Satsuma officers entered the castle, and started making an inventory of treasures they found there.
Aftermath
On May 17, Shō Nei departed Unten harbor for Satsuma along with roughly one hundred of his officials. In August, 1610, he met with the retired Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu in Sunpu Castle. He was then taken to Edo, for a formal audience with Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada on August 28. On December 24, he arrived at Kagoshima, where he was forced to formally surrender and to declare a number of oaths to the Shimazu clan. In 1611, two years after the invasion, the king returned to his castle at Shuri. In the king's absence, Kabayama Hisataka and his deputy Honda Chikamasa governed the islands on behalf of their lord Shimazu Tadatsune. 14 samurai officials from Satsuma, along with 163 of their staff, examined the kingdom's political structures and economic productivity, and conducted land surveys of all the islands. Following the king's return to Shuri and the resumption of governance under the royal establishment, some Ryukyuan officials went to Kagoshima as hostages.
The surrender documents signed at Kagoshima in 1611 were accompanied by a series of oaths. The king and his councilors were made to swear that "the islands of Riu Kiu have from ancient times been a feudal dependency of Satsuma", and that there was a long-standing tradition of sending tribute and congratulatory missions on the succession of the Satsuma lords, though these were clearly not true. The oaths also included stipulations that the kingdom admit its culpability in ignoring and rejecting numerous requests for materials and for manpower, that the invasion was justified and deserved, and that the lord of Satsuma was merciful and kind in allowing the king and his officers to return home and to remain in power. Finally, the councilors were forced to swear their allegiance to the Shimazu over their king. Tei Dō, a royal councilor and commander of the kingdom's defense against the invasion, refused to sign the oaths, and was subsequently beheaded.
The Ryukyus remained nominally independent, an "exotic realm" (異国, ikoku) to the Japanese. The kingdom's royal governmental structures also remained intact, along with its royal lineage. However, Amami Ōshima and a number of other northern islands now known as the Satsunan Islands were annexed into Satsuma Domain, and they remain today within Kagoshima Prefecture. Though the king retained considerable powers, he was only permitted to operate within a framework of strict guidelines set down by Satsuma, and was required to pay considerable amounts in tribute to Satsuma on a regular basis. Efforts were also made to obscure Satsuma's domination of Ryukyu from the Chinese Court, in order to ensure the continuation of trade and diplomacy, since China refused to conduct formal relations or trade with Japan at the time.
This framework of guidelines was largely set down by a document sometimes called the Fifteen Injunctions (掟十五ヶ条, Okite jūgo-ka-jō), which accompanied the oaths signed in Kagoshima in 1611, and which detailed political and economic restrictions placed upon the Kingdom. Prohibitions on foreign trade, diplomacy, and travel outside of that officially permitted by Satsuma were among the chief elements of these injunctions. Ryukyu's extensive trade relations with China, Korea, and Southeast Asia were turned to Satsuma's interests, and various laws were put into place forbidding interactions between Japanese and Ryukyuans, and travel between the two island nations. Likewise, travel abroad from Ryukyu in general, and the reception of ships at Ryukyu's harbors, were heavily restricted with exceptions made only for official trade and diplomatic journeys authorized by Satsuma.
Campaign gallery
See also
Foreign relations of Imperial China
References
Further reading
The Samurai Capture a King, Okinawa 1609. Author: Stephen Turnbull. Osprey Raid Series #6; Osprey Publishing, 2009.
琉球大学リポジトリ「喜安日記（伊波本）(Kian diary)」http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/handle/123456789/10214
鹿児島県歴史史料センター黎明館編「旧記雑録後編4」鹿児島県,1984年.No.557「琉球渡海日々記(My diary of crossing sea to Ryukyu)」No.659「琉球入ノ記」
鹿児島県歴史史料センター黎明館編「旧記雑録拾遺家わけ2」鹿児島県,1991年.No.640「肝付兼篤書状」
亀井勝信編「奄美大島諸家系譜集」図書刊行会,1980年.
外間守善編「琉球国由来記」角川書店、1997年。No.69「達磨峰西来禅院記」
上原兼善「島津氏の琉球侵略」榕樹書林、2009年。("Ryukyu invasion by Shimazu clan". Author: Uehara Kenzen.)
1609 in Japan
Shimazu clan
Ryukyu
Military of Ryukyu
Ryuku
1609 in military history
Ryukyu |
Morris Miller is the name of:
Morris S. Miller (1779–1824), United States Representative from New York
E. Morris Miller (1881–1964), Australian author
See also
Maurice Miller, British politician |
```xml
/**
* @license
*
* Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style license that can be
* found in the LICENSE file at path_to_url
*/
import {Directive, Input} from '@angular/core';
let nextUniqueId = 0;
/** Hint text to be shown underneath the form field control. */
@Directive({
selector: 'mat-hint',
host: {
'class': 'mat-mdc-form-field-hint mat-mdc-form-field-bottom-align',
'[class.mat-mdc-form-field-hint-end]': 'align === "end"',
'[id]': 'id',
// Remove align attribute to prevent it from interfering with layout.
'[attr.align]': 'null',
},
standalone: true,
})
export class MatHint {
/** Whether to align the hint label at the start or end of the line. */
@Input() align: 'start' | 'end' = 'start';
/** Unique ID for the hint. Used for the aria-describedby on the form field control. */
@Input() id: string = `mat-mdc-hint-${nextUniqueId++}`;
}
``` |
Şehrazat Kemali Söylemezoğlu (born 3 September 1952), known by her stage name Şehrazat or Şehro, is a Turkish television personality, businesswoman, philanthropist, composer, songwriter, record producer, occasional jazz, and pop music singer.
Life and career
Early life and family
Her father S. Siham Kemali Söylemezoğlu (d. 13 April 1981; Vienna) was a notable businessman and was considered to be the first mining magnate of Turkey. Her grandfather is Süleyman Şefik Pasha, the son of the Beylerbey of Rumelia Ali Kemali Pasha who is the only brother of Edhem Pertev Pasha and one of the former governors of Konya. Her mother Sevinç Tevs was the sister of artist Sevim Tevs and the daughter of the Turkish ambassador to the Republic of Albania. She was the first internationally known jazz singer of Turkey and described by the authorities as having one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century. She was regarded as a diva since she surpassed Sarah Vaughan and won the 1948 Miami Jazz Festival, with the song "For You" that was composed by their family friend Arif Mardin, the 12-time Grammy Award winning Turkish-American music producer. She graduated from the International School of Choueifat, in Beirut, Lebanon in 1970. It was her parents' wish that she attend it for the sake of a better education. Prior to this, she spent the vast majority of her childhood in Turkey. Şehrazat is exceedingly fluent in Turkish, Arabic, French, and English.
As an only child from an affluent family, Şehrazat has received a large amount of mass media's attention due to her wealth and lifestyle. However, she has a half-brother Süleyman Şefik Söylemezoğlu named after their paternal grandfather, who is the son of Aynur Bıyıktay-Söylemezoğlu (the daughter of Ömer Halis Bıyıktay and the niece of Kâzım Karabekir, from her mother's side). Şehrazat's maternal great-grandfather is the most widely recognized composer of Turkish Classical Music, Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi. Having been married to the daughter of diplomat and author Galip Kemali Söylemezoğlu, the great uncle of Şehrazat, Hüsrev Gerede is her uncle by marriage. In addition to this, among her uncles are Cevdet Çağla, a famous composer of Turkish music and Prof. Dr. Hamit Kemali Söylemezoğlu, the architect of Anıtkabir and Taşkışla. Besides, journalist Mithat Perin (preceptor of Abdi İpekçi), diplomat Özer F. Tevs, politician Selim Sarper, and diplomat Yüksel Söylemez are also her close relatives. Some of the grandsons and granddaughters of His Imperial Majesty Mehmet V Reshad, the Emperor of the Ottomans and the Caliph of the Faithful such as HH Prince Cengiz Osmanoğlu, HH Prince Ömer Fevzi Osmanoğlu, HH Mihrimah Sultana are Şehrazat's cousins. Thus, Şehrazat's aunt Perizat Söylemezoğlu-Perin, formerly HH Princess Perizat Söylemezoğlu-Osmanoğlu, was the spouse of HH Prince Mehmet Nazım Osmanoğlu—the eldest son of HIH Prince Mehmed Ziyaeddin Efendi—and is the mother of HH Prince Cengiz Osmanoğlu. Another aunt of Şehrazat is Belkız Rufa Kemali Söylemezoğlu, the socialite. Moreover, Şehrazat's nephew is the former goalkeeper of Galatasaray football club Turgay Şeren and her niece is Hülya Koçyiğit who is a Turkish actress and is considered to be one of Turkish cinema's most famous female leads. Almost everybody in her family has graduated from Galatasaray High School, the most influential school in Turkey.
Music career
The owner of thousands of Turkish hit works, Şehrazat's first hit song is "Yaz Yaz Yaz" that was sung by Turkish superstar Ajda Pekkan. This song was a reform in Turkish pop music. More recently, Bengü's "Kocaman Öpüyorum" and "Sırada Sen Varsın" are also hits written by Şehrazat. Demet Sağıroğlu's debut "Kınalı Bebek" in 1994, was another very popular song by Şehrazat. Additionally, even though she has a very rare and wondrous voice like her mother does, she is commonly known for her music productions and compositions rather than active performances. Hence, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s, she was known for singing arrangements, most notably, "Aşk Bir Kumarsa" (ABBA's "The Winner Takes It All" cover), "İki Gölge" (Sandy Posey's "All Hung up in Your Green Eyes" cover), "İmkânsız Aşk" (Dusty Springfield's "I Close My Eyes and Count to Ten" cover), and Kelebek (Engelbert Humperdinck's "Free as the Wind (Theme from Papillon)" cover). During the period 1975–87, due to her polyglotism and eclectic, wide-ranging repertoire of contemporary and narrative songs in English, Şehrazat, as a soloist, managed to perform periodically in Playboy and Gala, which were VIP locations featuring Turkey's leading performance artists. With a wealth of great songs and stage presence, her intense show was really appreciated by the audience and the media, however, she decided to quit performing but to keep on songwriting. Her voice is likely to be classified as contralto with a strong lower register since she possesses a significant vocal agility and endurance. That is why Şehrazat is able to sing the high soprano notes and the low baritone notes as well.
Şehrazat was also the producer of superstar Ajda Pekkan, Sibel Tüzün, the former Eurovision Song Contest participant, Yıldız Kaplan, Reyhan Karaca, Zeliha Sunal, and Band AF. Sezen Aksu, another Turkish pop music singer, songwriter and producer who sold over 40 million albums worldwide, is the closest colleague of Şehrazat.
On 2 February 1985, Şehrazat as a special guest star performed in the music feast of a monthly TV-show "Do-Re-Mi", called "Jazz and Dance Night", with the song "Break Me". At the night, there was also a Coşkun Demir-Şehrazat duet "Baby Come to Me". She concurrently appeared in Cem Özer's Star TV show "Laf Lafı Açıyor" on 19 June 1992 and on 3 May 1996 when the show transferred to Kanal D.
30th anniversary tribute
On 24 January 2004, Şehrazat celebrated her 30-year anniversary as a lyricist and composer, which took place in the form of a huge concert named "Şehrazat Şarkıları" and given in Istanbul at the Levent İş Sanat Cultural Center in association with Türkiye İş Bankası. She sang some of her greatest hits and had guests such as Sezen Aksu, Nilüfer, Ajda Pekkan, Aşkın Nur Yengi, Emel Müftüoğlu, and Muazzez Abacı join her on stage. At the instance of Şehrazat, all proceeds from this concert as well as profits from the sales of each ticket sold for the event was donated to the TSK Elele Foundation of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey. Apart from this, "Şehrazat Şarkıları" was also aired by the ATV Television Network in 2005.
Discography
Extended Play: 1968
İki Gölge (A-side)
Dün Gece (B-side)
Arrangements: 1969
Beni Unutma
İmkânsız Aşk
45 rpm records: 1970s
Kelebek (2:58)
Dili Dost, Kalbi Düşman (1974)
Söz Sevgilim, Söz (04:06; A 1974 45rpm in collaboration with Cömert Baykent)
Kolkola (Dalida cover; Turkish lyrics by Ümit Yaşar Oğuzcan)
Ne Kapımı Çalan Var
Nerede olsan
Maxi single: 1980
Sevemedim Karagözlüm (considered the first maxi-single (MCD) of Turkey)
Extended Play: 1980
Sevemedim Karagözlüm (A-side 4:49)
Hürüm Artık (A-side 3:52)
Bahşiş (B-side 3:26)
Seni Sevmişim (B-side 3:22)
Long Play: 1981
Sevdim Genç Bir Adamı
Kendim Ettim, Kendim Buldum (Eyvah)
Yanında
Aşk Bir Kumarsa
Kulakların Çınlasın
Lay la, Lay la (Yaşamaya Bak Sen)
Compilation album: 2002
Bak Bir Varmış Bir Yokmuş: 60'lı ve 70'li Yılların Orijinal Kayıtları
Compilation album: 2007
Our Golden Songs
Compilation album: 2008
Çınar Vol. I (In loving memory of Aysel Gürel, the late lyricist)
"Rüşvet" (writer(s), Aysel Gürel, Şehrazat, Volga Tamöz)
Songwriting credits
Awards
Runner-up in Hey Magazine's List of Bests and Most Promising Female Singers in 1970 (969 votes)
Yekta Okur Honorary Award of the 4th Kral TV Video and Music Awards (23 February 1998)
Song of the Year Award of the 9th Kral TV Video and Music Awards, with the song "Abayı Yaktım" written and composed by Şehrazat (24 March 2003)
Ancestors
References
External links
Sehrazatmusic on Myspace
Şehrazat on Spotify
Şehrazat on TTNET Müzik
1952 births
Avant-garde jazz singers
Living people
People from Erzurum
Businesspeople from Istanbul
Ragtime composers
Turkish artists
Turkish composers
Turkish women singers
Turkish lyricists
Turkish philanthropists
Turkish pop singers
Turkish record producers
Turkish songwriters
Turkish television personalities
Traditional pop music singers
Musicians from Ankara
Turkish women record producers |
Michael Ridpath is an English author of thrillers involving the world of high finance. He was born in Devon in 1961 and grew up in Yorkshire. He was educated at Millfield School and Merton College, Oxford, and spent eight years working as a bond trader at an international bank in the City of London. His past employers include Saudi International Bank and Apax Partners.
Ridpath lives in north London with three children and his wife, Barbara Ridpath. His latest work is the Fire & Ice series about an Icelandic detective called Magnus Jonson.
Bibliography
Financial thrillers
Free to Trade (1995)
Trading Reality (1996)
The Marketmaker (1998)
Final Venture (2000)
The Predator (2001)
Fatal Error (2003)
Alex Calder
On The Edge (2005)
See No Evil (2006)
Magnus Iceland Mysteries (Fire and Ice)
Where The Shadows Lie (Corvus, June 2010)
66° North (Corvus, May 2011)
Edge of Nowhere (Corvus, December 2011)
Meltwater (June 2012)
Sea of Stone (May 2014)
The Polar Bear Killing (2015)
The Super Recogniser of Vik (2016)
The Wanderer (September 2018)
Death in Dalvik (2022)
Conrad de Lancey – pre-WWII & WWII spy novels
Traitor's Gate (Head of Zeus, June 2013)
Shadows of War (Head of Zeus, January 2015)
Stand-alone novels
Amnesia (Corvus, May 2017)
Launch Code (Corvus, 2019)
Short stories
"Partnership Track" (2005), published in The Detection Collection, edited by Simon Brett.
References
External links
Michael Ridpath's website
1961 births
Living people
English writers
People educated at Millfield
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford |
This is a list of books in the English language which deal with Jersey and its geography, history, inhabitants, culture, biota, etc.
Anderson, O. D. – Analysing Time Series: Proceedings of the International Conference Held in Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 1979.
Ansted, David Thomas and Robert Gordon Latham – The Channel Islands.
A Bibliographical Guide to the Law of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man.
Balleine's History of Jersey - Marguerite Syvret and Joan Stevens (1998)
Cruickshank, Charles – The German Occupation of the Channel Islands.
Dobson, Roderick – The Birds of the Channel Islands.
Dumaresq, Philip – Philip Dumaresq’s Map of Jersey.
Dury, G. – The Channel Islands.
Eagleston, A. J. – The Channel Islands under Tudor Government, 1485-1642: A Study in Administrative History.
Elliott, B. B. – Jersey: An Isle of Romance.
Fraser, David – The Jews of the Channel Islands and the Rule of Law, 1940-1945: 'Quite contrary to the Principles of British Justice'.
Hawkes, Jacquetta – The Archaeology of the Channel Islands, Vol. 2: The Bailiwick of Jersey.
Horwood, A. R. – A Hand-list of the Lichens of Great Britain, Ireland and the Channel Islands.
Jamieson, A. G. – A People of the Sea: The Maritime History of the Channel Islands.
Jee, Nigel – The Landscape of the Channel Islands.
Jones, R., D. Keen, J. Birnie, and P. Waton – Past Landscapes of Jersey: Environmental Change During the Last Ten Thousand Years.
Keeton, G. W., Dennis Lloyd, and George W. Keeton – The British Commonwealth: The Development of Its Laws and Constitutions, Volume 1: The United Kingdom, Part 2: Scotland and the Channel Islands.
Kendrick, T. D. – The Archaeology of the Channel Islands.
King, Peter – The Channel Islands War, 1940-1945.
L’Amy, John H. – Jersey Folk Lore.
Liddicoat, Anthony – A Grammar of the Norman French of the Channel Islands: The Dialects of Jersey and Sark.
Lockley, R. M. – The Charm of the Channel Islands.
Maxwell, W. Harold and Leslie F. Maxwell – A Legal Bibliography of the British Commonwealth of Nations, Volume 1: English Law to 1800, including Wales, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.
Morris, Joseph E. – Beautiful Britain: The Channel Islands.
Perrin, William F., Bernd Würsig & J. G. M. Thewissen – Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals.
Peterson, C. D., D. A. Pearlman, T. D. Dines, H. R. Arnold, and Jane M. Croft – New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora: An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
Ramisch, Heinrich – Variation of English in Guernsey/Channel Islands.
Ramsey, Winston G. – The War in the Channel Islands: Then and Now.
Richard, John D. and David McClintock – Wild Flowers of the Channel Islands.
Sheridan, L. A. – The United Kingdom: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution: The Channel Islands.
Sinel, Joseph – Prehistoric Times and Men of the Channel Islands.
Spence, N. C. – A Glossary of Jersey-French.
La Haule editions
La Haule Books published a limited edition series of at least 38 Jersey Heritage Editions in the 1980s and 1990s. (The numbers in brackets below are the numbers of copies printed).
Jersey Folklore – John H. L'Amy, 1983 (750)
Jersey Through the Centuries: A Chronology of Events and Matters of Interest – Leslie Sinel, 1984 (750)
The German Occupation of Jersey, the Complete Diary of Events from June 1940 to June 1945 – Leslie Sinel, 1984 (750)
Jersey Sea Stories – Philip Ahier, 1984 (750)
L'Archipel de la Manche/The Channel Islands – Victor Hugo/John W. Watson, 1985 (999)
Three Years Behind Barbed Wire, the Diary of a British Internee in ‘Schloss Wurzach’, Germany – Joan Coles, 1985 (750)
Jersey Remembered, a Miscellany of Memories and Nostalgia – Brian Skelley and Jack Clarke, 1985 (750)
Jersey in Jail – Horace Wyatt and Edmund Blampied, 1985 (750)
These Haunted Islands, a Story of Witchcraft in the Channel Islands – Chris Lake, 1986 (999)
Dame of Sark, an Autobiography – Sibyl Hathaway, 1986 (750)
Architecture in Jersey – Maurice Boots, 1986 (750)
Jersey in Pre-history – Mark Patton, 1987 (750)
Stories of Jersey Ships – John Jean, 1987 (750)
Jersey on the Move – Luke Le Moignan, 1987 (750)
Images of the Past – Chris Lake and Leslie Sinel, 1987 (750)
Children of the Isles, 1988 (750)
Jersey Ships and Railways – John Jean, 1989 (750)
A Picture of Jersey or Stranger's Companion Through that Island – John Stead, 1989 (750)
Glimpses of Jersey’s Past – Luke Le Moignan, 1990 (750)
In a Jersey Garden – Veronica Platt, 1990 (750)
Memoires of a Jerseyman – Ralph Vibert, 1991 (999)
Impressions of the Channel Islands – Hans Max Von Aufsess/F.J. Turpin, 1991 (750)
Lest we Forget, Escapes and Attempted Escapes from Jersey During the German Occupation 1940-1945 – Roy Thomas, 1992 (750)
The Occupation Bicycle Park – H.E. Aubin, 1992 (750)
A Biographical Dictionary of Jersey, volume I – George Reginald Balleine, 1993 (750)
A Biographical Dictionary of Jersey, volume II – George Reginald Balleine, 1993 (750)
The Battle of the Strong, a Romance of Two Kingdoms – Gilbert Parker, 1898 (750)
Perverse and Foolish, a Jersey Farmer's Son in the British Diplomatic Service – Sir Arthur de la Mare, 1994 (750)
Tales of Jersey's Tall Ships – Jean John, 1994 (750)
Remember When...? – Daff Noel, 1995 (?)
Blood and Stones, an Autobiography – Arthur Ernest Mourant; Gary P. Misson, 1995 (750)
Jersey’s Roadside Heritage – John Jean, 1996 (750)
The Way to the Bay — Jackie de Gruchy, 1996 (?)
A Merry Going Round – Betty Brooke, 1997 (750)
Caesarea, General History and Description of the Island of Jersey from the Time of Julius Caesar to the Present Period – John Stead, 1997 (750)
Footprints on a Winding Road, Recollections of an Old Jerseyman – Arthur Frederick Abbott Stamberg LVO, 1998 (750)
The Occupation of Jersey Day by Day, the personal diary of Deputy Edward Le Quesne member of the States of Jersey Superior Council 1940-1945 – Edward Le Quesne; Michael Ginns, 1999 (750)
Footnotes
Jersey
Jersey
Books about the Channel Islands |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var tape = require( 'tape' );
var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
var abs = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/abs' );
var PINF = require( '@stdlib/constants/float64/pinf' );
var NINF = require( '@stdlib/constants/float64/ninf' );
var EPS = require( '@stdlib/constants/float64/eps' );
var skewness = require( './../lib' );
// FIXTURES //
var data = require( './fixtures/julia/data.json' );
// TESTS //
tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
t.ok( true, __filename );
t.strictEqual( typeof skewness, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
t.end();
});
tape( 'if provided `NaN` for any parameter, the function returns `NaN`', function test( t ) {
var v = skewness( NaN, 0.5 );
t.equal( isnan( v ), true, 'returns NaN' );
v = skewness( 10.0, NaN );
t.equal( isnan( v ), true, 'returns NaN' );
t.end();
});
tape( 'if provided `alpha <= 0`, the function returns `NaN`', function test( t ) {
var y;
y = skewness( -1.0, 2.0 );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( NINF, 1.0 );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( NINF, PINF );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( NINF, NINF );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( NINF, NaN );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
t.end();
});
tape( 'if provided `beta <= 3`, the function returns `NaN`', function test( t ) {
var y;
y = skewness( 2.0, 3.0 );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( 2.0, 2.0 );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( 2.0, 1.0 );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( 2.0, 0.0 );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( 2.0, -1.0 );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( 1.0, NINF );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( PINF, NINF );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( NINF, NINF );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
y = skewness( NaN, NINF );
t.equal( isnan( y ), true, 'returns NaN' );
t.end();
});
tape( 'the function returns the skewness of a beta prime distribution', function test( t ) {
var expected;
var delta;
var alpha;
var beta;
var tol;
var i;
var y;
expected = data.expected;
alpha = data.alpha;
beta = data.beta;
for ( i = 0; i < expected.length; i++ ) {
y = skewness( alpha[i], beta[i] );
if ( y === expected[i] ) {
t.equal( y, expected[i], 'alpha: '+alpha[i]+', beta: '+beta[i]+', y: '+y+', expected: '+expected[i] );
} else {
delta = abs( y - expected[ i ] );
tol = 2.0 * EPS * abs( expected[ i ] );
t.ok( delta <= tol, 'within tolerance. alpha: '+alpha[i]+'. beta: '+beta[i]+'. y: '+y+'. E: '+expected[ i ]+'. : '+delta+'. tol: '+tol+'.' );
}
}
t.end();
});
``` |
Nils Kristian Myhre (born 17 March 1971) is a Norwegian newspaper editor and former professional footballer.
He hails from Skarnes. In his football career he played for Grue IL, Kongsvinger IL, Elverum IL and Nybergsund IL. For Kongsvinger he got one season in the highest Norwegian league, in 1990, where he played three games. He also played in one Norwegian football cup game. After leaving top-tier football he worked as a school teacher in Elverum before starting as a journalist in Hamar Dagblad in 1999. He then worked in Østlendingen before becoming editor-in-chief of Romsdals Budstikke. From 2008 he worked in Edda Media, and in 2009 he became editor-in-chief of Østlendingen.
References
1971 births
Living people
People from Hedmark
Norwegian men's footballers
Kongsvinger IL Toppfotball players
Nybergsund IL-Trysil players
Eliteserien players
Norwegian newspaper editors
Men's association football players not categorized by position |
```php
<?php
namespace App\Repositories\BillingIntegration;
use App\Models\Client;
use App\Models\Invoice;
use App\Models\Payment;
interface BillingIntegrationInterface
{
const INTEGRATION_TYPE = "billing";
public function getClient();
public function convertJson($response);
public function createInvoice($params);
public function bookInvoice($invoiceGuid, $timestamp);
public function sendInvoice(Invoice $invoice, $subject, $message, $recipient, $attachPdf = false);
public function getContacts($filter = "");
public function getPrimaryContact(Client $client);
public function getProductMapping(): array;
public function createPayment(Payment $payment);
public function deletePayment(Payment $payment);
}
``` |
Clare Pooley is a British novelist, speaker and blogger.
Origins and education
Clare Pooley is the daughter of Peter Pooley CMG, a former Director-General of the European Commission. She was educated at Roedean School and Newnham College, Cambridge, from which she graduated with a degree in Economics.
Career
Pooley first pursued a career in advertising at J. Walter Thompson, in due course becoming a Managing Partner and Group Head, before leaving the work-place on the birth of her third child.
In 2015, Pooley began a blog, Mummy was a Secret Drinker, about her life following a resolution to give up alcohol. She blogged under a pseudonym until the announcement of her first book deal in September 2017.
Pooley’s first book, The Sober Diaries, was a narrative of her first year of sobriety and also included an account of her successful battle to overcome breast cancer.
In October 2018, it was announced that Pooley’s fictional debut, The Authenticity Project, had been the subject of a six-way auction, with Transworld securing UK and Commonwealth rights, Penguin Random House acquiring the US rights, and foreign rights sold in 29 other languages.
The Authenticity Project, published in 2020, was a New York Times Bestseller, and the winner of the RNA debut novel award. It was also awarded best novel in translation in the French Babelio awards.
Pooley’s second novel, titled The People on Platform 5 in the UK, and Iona Iverson’s Rules for Commuting in the USA, was published in 2022, and her third – How to Age Disgracefully – is out in spring 2024.
Personal life
Pooley is married to John Stevenson-Hamilton. The couple live in London and have three children.
List of published works
THE SOBER DIARIES : how one woman stopped drinking and started living. Coronet Books: 2018 ISBN 1-4736-6190-0
The Authenticity Project: The feel-good novel you need right now. Bantam Press: 2020 ISBN 978-1787631793
External links
Mummy was a Secret Drinker, Clare Pooley’s blog.
References
British bloggers
21st-century British novelists
British temperance activists
People educated at Roedean School, East Sussex
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Moose: Chapters From My Life is the 459-page autobiography by the Academy Award-winning songwriter, Robert B. Sherman. "Moose is a collection of fifty-four autobiographical short stories, arranged in such a way as to express a larger narrative." The book was edited by Sherman's younger son, Robert J. Sherman, who also provided the general layout, cover art and graphic design for the book. Other than certain pages in the "My Time" photographic sections of Moose, (which were completed after the author's death on March 6, 2012) the majority of the book, including its innovative arrangement of chapters, was created during the author's lifetime and under his personal supervision. Moose was published by AuthorHouse Publishers of Bloomington, Indiana in association with AuthorSolutions, Penguin Random House Company affiliates. First publication of the work occurred posthumously, on November 26, 2013. The majority of short stories which comprise the book, were written between 1993-2004 with one or two stories having been known to exist as early as 1945. Although early "mock-up" versions of the book were circulated among Sherman's close friends and members of his family in 2004, according to the editor's introductory chapter, "About Moose", mass publication had to be delayed "for reasons too cumbersome to delve into here." Both the book and its author were credited in the 2013 Walt Disney film release, Saving Mr. Banks which starred Academy Award-winning actors Emma Thompson and Tom Hanks. Actor B. J. Novak portrayed a young Robert Sherman in the film. Several scenes from the film drew direct inspiration from Moose. This was done with the author's consent.
Background
Moose is a collection of short stories taken from the author's life. Chapters were deliberately organized out of sequence. The purpose of this untraditional structure was to introduce the reader to the author's life story thematically rather than as a recounting of chronological events. Publishers were initially unimpressed with the author's stylistic approach, but the author felt strongly that the use of this technique was essential to the overall success of the narrative. This disagreement was, in part, what delayed publication by nearly a decade.
Contents
Handwritten inscription
On the front page of the book is a facsimile of a handwritten letter (excerpt) written by Sherman to his parents (in 1944) as an 18-year-old US Army soldier, immediately prior to his deployment to Europe to fight in World War II. The letter was found by Sherman's son among his papers, in an envelope labeled, "To Be Opened Upon the Event of My Death". The excerpt reads: "If God placed my mission in this world as writing - I would have written for the benefit of my fellow man, and for his pleasure and observance of himself and his actions, (his injustices.) I would have spent my life devoted to showing man to himself in all his truth."
Text
Most of the book is written in prose text. Moose is divided into seven major sections which are subdivided into an aggregate 54, true, anecdotal short stories. (The author was lauded for his candor.) Chapters cover a range of intriguing and/or transformative moments in the author's life. Subjects range from his service in the United States Army during World War II when he led the first squadron of eight men into Dachau Concentration Camp during its liberation, to his years working as a staff songwriter for Walt Disney at Disney Studios. Through the text, the author introduces the reader to scores of colorful real life characters (some famous, some who are otherwise unknown). Moose concludes with the author reflecting on the life he has led. The author makes these reflections, largely from his reading room in the Mayfair district of London, England, by then, his adopted home. (Sherman moved from Los Angeles to London shortly after his wife, Joyce's death in 2001; immediately after the 2002 premiere of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang at the London Palladium.
My Time (sections 1-4)
Interspersed between the major literary sections of Moose is a comprehensive, four-part series of photographic chapters entitled, "My Time". The "My Time" sub-chapters are an annotated, visual overview of Robert Sherman's life and relationships (both personal and professional). The four sub-chapters provide a linear context to what might otherwise read as a disparate collection of short stories. The photographic sub-chapters are a succinct yet comprehensive account of Sherman's relationship with his brother and songwriting partner, Richard M. Sherman (the other half of the Academy Award-winning Sherman Brothers songwriting team). How affable the brothers' relationship actually was, has been a subject of debate since the 2009 release of Walt Disney Pictures's The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story and the 2013 release of Walt Disney Pictures's Saving Mr. Banks. The making of both films is touched upon in the "My Time" sections. "My Time" also covers many of the other significant relationships that the writer had during his life including his marriage to his wife Joyce (of 48 years), his relationship with his parents, employers, collaborators, friends and children.
The title "My Time" is an allusion to the author's previous joint-autobiographical effort, Walt's Time: From Before To Beyond which was published in 1998. The three main sections of Walt's Time are "Walt's Time" (covering the Sherman Brothers' years of service to Walt Disney), "Al's Time" (a reference to the Sherman Brothers' father, Tin Pan Alley songwriter Al Sherman) and "Our Time" which refers to the twenty-five years that followed the death of the Sherman Brothers' two respective mentors (Walt Disney's death in 1966 and Al Sherman's death in 1973) and the publication of the book (Walt's Time) in 1998.
In Moose: Chapters From My Life, the header, "My Time" refers to Robert Sherman's life post-"Walt's Time", post "Al's Time" and post-"Our Time". Although the four sections cover Sherman's entire life, the meaning of the "My Time" sub-chapters is revealed through the fourth and final section, and only readily apparent provided the reader is already familiar with the aforementioned sections of Walt's Time. The fourth sub-chapter illustrates Sherman's zeal for life despite the many losses he suffered. Also implied is the author's desire to live his life on his own terms, a theme consistent throughout the book as a whole. "My Time" (part 4) covers Sherman's life experiences during the fourteen years between the publication of Walt's Time and the completion of Moose (1998-2012).
Critical acclaim
Charles Shubow of BroadwayWorld.com wrote: "It's a fascinating book about a fascinating man. It follows his life growing up and his time during World War II. But the parts about Disney and the making of Mary Poppins are worth the read...I highly recommend the book."
George Taylor of The Disney Review wrote: "I will say, right off the bat, that it's an incredibly enjoyable read."
Jeff Heimbuch of Mice Chat wrote: "We know Robert as one half of the prolific song writing team, but this book proves that he was also a fantastic writer as well."
Tim Calloway of The Mouse Castle wrote: "The book is a wonderful telling of episodes in Robert Sherman's life from his harrowing service during World War II (a battle wound would force him to walk with a cane for the rest of his life) to his award-winning success at Disney writing songs with his brother Richard."
Phil Mounsey of Publishing Today wrote: "AuthorHouse UK is proud to be the publisher of this fine memoir, Moose, by one of the few in the world, who was an insider to the magic and reality of Disney and Hollywood in their pomp and who can truly say he was there; Robert B. Sherman."
Dizradio.com wrote: "Robert B. Sherman brings his true story to light in his autobiography, Moose: Chapters From My Life. Sherman holds nothing back in the candid book, from the horrors he saw as a frontline liberator in World War II to his successful career alongside Walt Disney in the 1960s and beyond.
Saving Mr. Banks meets Moose
In 2010, mutual acquaintances of Moose editor, Robert J. Sherman, and Saving Mr. Banks producer Alison Owen (Ruby Films) arranged a meeting in London. (Owen's associate, Josh Davis, represented Owen at the meeting.) Excerpts from an early version of the Kelly Marcel/Sue Smith screenplay were given to Sherman to bring to his father, Robert B. Sherman, for his review. (The scenes given to Sherman were ones which specifically featured the Sherman Brothers as characters. After reviewing the script sides, Robert B. Sherman agreed to provide an advance copy of the chapter in Moose which specifically dealt with the lead up to and making of Walt Disney's film Mary Poppins. The chapter was entitled, "'Tween Pavement and Stars". In exchange for their help, Owen agreed to list the book and author in the final credits of the film. This was the only compensation the Robert Shermans received. In the summer of 2012, a few months after Robert B. Sherman died, Robert J. Sherman (serving at that point in the capacity of "Trustee" of the Robert B. Sherman Estate) met again with the Saving Mr. Banks creatives including producer Alison Owen, director John Hancock and writer Kelly Marcel. A few days prior to the meeting, Sherman had been given a revised version of the full script. (Principal photography was to commence in two weeks' time.) Elements of the Moose excerpt had been incorporated into the new script. One important contribution is apparent in the scene in between Tom Hanks (as "Walt Disney") and Emma Thompson (as "Pamela Travers") during which Disney derides Travers for insisting that there is "No Red In London". Although the characters speaking the dialogue are different than those portrayed in the book, the dialogue is nearly identical. About the "No Red In London" sequence, scriptwriter Kelly Marcel later blogged, "Anything that shocked me and surprised me went in, because that's how you make drama, you know? I think the one that freaked me out the most, that I could not believe, was that she wouldn't allow the color red to be in the film."
British Book Launch – A Spoonful of Sherman
On January 6, 2014, Moose editor, Robert J. Sherman produced, wrote and emceed a two night cabaret at the St. James Theatre in London entitled A Spoonful of Sherman. The event marked the official launch of his father's (posthumously released) autobiography: Moose: Chapters From My Life. After performances, Sherman participated in a book signing. The show was billed as "A Celebration of the Life, Times and Songs of Robert B. Sherman" and was extremely well received by the crowd and the critics alike. The cast consisted of four rising West End theatre stars including Charlotte Wakefield, Emma Williams, Stuart Matthew Price and Greg Castiglioni. Musical Direction was by Colin Billing and the show was directed by Stewart Nicholls. The show was produced by MusicWorld (UK). Joanne Benjamin and Clive Chenery of The Entertainment Business were general managers, James Albrecht of St. James Theatre Productions running front of house.
A Spoonful of Sherman received outstanding notices, garnering four stars from Clive Davis of the London Times as well as four and five star reviews from dozens of other papers and online reviewers. The show covered ninety years of Sherman songwriting (including material written by the Sherman Brothers' father, Al Sherman (who first started writing music in the early 1920s.) Songs written by the younger Robert Sherman were also included in the show as well) but the focus of the evening was the music and lyrics of Robert B. Sherman and the Sherman Brothers. "In deciding which songs to select, particular emphasis was put on material that would propel the narrative of Robert B. Sherman's life forward for the audience. My narration would then fill in the gaps. Of course almost all of the famous stuff makes it in. Mary Poppins, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Winnie the Pooh, The Jungle Book and "It's A Small World (After All)" are all represented, but I'm particularly pleased that we were able to include some unexpected gems in the mix as well." A Spoonful of Sherman was so successful in its own right, that the show was brought back a second time in 2014. In 2015 an original cast recording was released both digitally and on CD by SimG Records. In 2017 a pared down version of the show returned to London and it was announced in December 2017 that the show will be embarking on its first UK/Ireland tour in 2018.
Publishing details
A First Edition of Moose: Chapters From My Life was published by AuthorHouse (a Penguin Random House Company) in November 2013 (paperback, ). In December 2013 it was published (hardcover, ). It is also available electronically on Amazon Kindle. In October 2016 the unabridged audiobook version of the book was released by Orchard Hill Press (Audible Audiobooks, ASIN B01M10102G) with Robert J. Sherman reading the text, the total running time clocked at 11 hours, 43 minutes.
References
External links
Moose: Chapters From My Life
Works by the Sherman Brothers
2013 non-fiction books
Show business memoirs
American autobiographies
British autobiographies
Music autobiographies
Books about Disney
Disney books
Books about film
Books about California
World War II memoirs
Audiobooks by title or series |
Clubul Sportiv Podgoria Pâncota is a Romanian professional football club based in Pâncota, Arad County, Romania, founded in 1923, under the name of Spartak Pâncota. The club is currently a member of the Liga IV, fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The best period of the team based in Arad County was during the first part of the 2010s, when it reached the second division, under the name of Șoimii Pâncota.
History
Early Years
The first document dates from 1923, at that time the team was called Spartak Pâncota. The team played in a landscaped garden on the site of the markets and the colors were green and white and played in the Western League with similar teams from Șiria, Lipova, Salonta, Arad, etc. Representative members of the batch at the time were: Beszeny, Vagalau, Cornel Vuia, Stark, Schmidth, Chebeleu, Hipp, Pohaner, Badovics, Ardelean, Coroban. In 1938, at the initiative of players the club changed its name from Spartak to Șoimii (The Falcons).
After the Second World War, the team played on the current stadium, named after the club.
In 1967–68 season, with Simion Buda and Iosif Retter among the players, Șoimii, won the first regional championship title in their history. Pâncotanii also had a period of force after the Romanian Revolution, finishing first in 1991–92, 1997–98, 2006–07 (as CNM Pâncota) in the Arad county league.
Top leagues
Șoimii Pâncota promoted to the 3rd league after 2011–12 successful season, finishing first in Liga IV Arad and winning the promotion play-off against CSM Vulcan. Also won the Romanian Cup county phase.
At the end of 2013–14 Liga III, they finished 1st promoting for the first time ever in Liga II. In their first season in second league they finished at 9th place on the table.
At the end of the 2015–16 Liga II season, Șoimii saved from the relegation instead of teams with tradition in Romanian football, like Universitatea Cluj or FC Bihor Oradea, but in the summer of 2016, after Pâncota Municipality withdrew their financial support and forced the team to leave the stadium, the club was seen in the situation of not being able to continue the activity. Then in the last minute before the start of the championship, Pavel Piroș, the president of the club, decided to present at the matches with youth players. As a result, they managed to get some of the biggest counter-performance of Romanian football, 0–18 against Juventus București, 0–16 against CS Afumați and 0–14 against Foresta Suceava.
The club was re-organized in 2016, under a new name, Podgoria Pâncota and enrolled in the lowest division.
Honours
Liga III
Winners (1): 2013–14
Liga IV – Arad County
Winners (4): 1991–92, 1997–98, 2006–07, 2011–12
Runners-up (3): 1999–2000, 2007–08, 2009–10
Regional Championship
Winners (1): 1967–68
Cupa României – Arad County
Runners-up (2): 2015–16, 2017–18
Other performances
Appearances in Liga II: 3
Best finish in Liga II: 9th (2014–15)
Best finish in the Cupa României: Round of 32 (2012–13, 2014–15)
League history
References
External links
Șoimii Pâncota Prosport page
Association football clubs established in 1923
Football clubs in Romania
Football clubs in Arad County
Liga II clubs
Liga III clubs
Liga IV clubs
1923 establishments in Romania |
Tom Dodd (born 28 October 1997) is an English born Scottish rugby union player who currently plays for Edinburgh Rugby in the United Rugby Championship.
Club career
Dodd joined the Worcester Warriors academy ahead of the 2016-17 season. He made his first-team debut in an Anglo-Welsh Cup clash against Sale Sharks at Sixways Stadium in November 2017. He went on to play three times in the 2017-18 season while he thoroughly impressed for Worcester Cavaliers in their Premiership Rugby Shield campaign, scoring three tries in all ten of the side's fixtures as they finished third in the Northern Conference.
Dodd also spent time with Luctonians during the 2016-17 season on a dual registered basis, before playing for Birmingham Moseley and Stourbridge in 2017-18 season. Dodd also helped Hartpury University to win 2016-17 National League 1 title, thus promoted to the RFU Championship from the 2017-18 season.
Dodd returned to action, following a knee surgery, in the European Rugby Challenge Cup victory over Enisei-STM in Russia in November 2019. His Premiership debut followed as a blood replacement for Sam Lewis against Northampton Saints at Sixways in March 2020.
On 21 January 2020, Dodd signed his first professional contract, which is a two-year deal until the end of summer of 2022, thus promoted to the senior squad from the 2020-21 season.
On 5 October 2022 all Worcester players had their contacts terminated due to the liquidation of the company to which they were contracted.
On 13 October 2022, Dodd signed for Coventry in the RFU Championship for the rest of the 2022-23 season.
International career
He represented England Counties U18s against both France U18s and Ireland U18s at Ashbourne RFC near Ashbourne, County Meath in Ireland.
Dodd represented Scotland U20s through the 2017 Six Nations Under 20s Championship. He also helped them to a best-ever finish in the 2017 World Rugby Under 20 Championship, as they defeated Australia U20s to book a fifth-place finish in the tournament.
References
External links
Worcester Warriors Profile
ESPN Profile
Its Rugby Profile
Ultimate Rugby Profile
1997 births
Living people
Rugby union flankers
Rugby union number eights
Rugby union players from Warwick
Scottish rugby union players
Worcester Warriors players
Coventry R.F.C. players
Hartpury University R.F.C. players
Edinburgh Rugby players
English rugby union players
English people of Scottish descent |
The Minneapolis Pops Orchestra is a pops orchestra providing live public performances by 45 professional musicians free of charge at various venues in the Twin Cities. It was founded in 1949. Most Pops Orchestra musicians perform with the Minnesota Opera Orchestra, Minnesota Orchestra, The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, and other distinguished Twin Cities musical groups during the winter months. The Orchestra plays most often at the Lake Harriet bandshell in the Linden Hills neighborhood of Southwest Minneapolis. Each year, concerts feature guest artists as well as student musicians from area high schools.
The regular season runs during the month of July, presenting concerts most weekend evenings.
NORP
In 2009 the Orchestra began its "New Orchestral Repertoire Project" to seek out new pieces to add to its repertoire. The contest carries a $1000 cash prize and a performance at one of that year's concerts.
References
External links
The Minneapolis Pops Orchestra
Pops orchestras
Musical groups established in 1949
Orchestras based in Minnesota
1949 establishments in Minnesota |
Callier is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alex Callier (born 1972), Belgian musician
Debbie Gary Callier (born 1948), American air show pilot
Frances Callier (born 1969), American actress, producer, writer, and comedian
Terry Callier (1945–2012), American guitarist and singer-songwriter |
The University of Perpetual Help System Dalta - Calamba Campus (UPHSD Calamba) or simply Perpetual, was founded on 1996 in Barangay Paciano Rizal, Calamba. It is a private, non-sectarian educational institution run by the Dalta Group of Companies.
The 3rd UPHD branch, the UPHD Calamba campus was established in 1996 with 360 students. To date, its enrollment has increased to 3,000 enrollees.
Academic Program Offerings
Engineering and Architecture
BS Electronics and Communications Engineering
BS Computer Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
BS Electrical Engineering
BS Mechanical Engineering
BS Industrial Engineering
BS Architecture
Allied Health Sciences
BS Nursing
BS Medical Technology
BS Pharmacy
BS Physical Therapy
BS Occupational Therapy
BS Radiologic Technology
Business
BS Accountancy
BS Business Administration - Marketing Management
BS Business Administration - Human Resources Development Management
BS Accounting Technology
BS Entrepreneurship
BS Agribusiness
Computer Studies
BS Computer Science
BS Information Technology
Associate in Computer Technology
Arts and Sciences
AB Mass Communication
AB Psychology
Criminology
BS Criminology
Education
BS Elementary Education
BS Secondary Education
International Hospitality Management
BS Hotel and Restaurant Management
BS Tourism
Associate in Hotel and Restaurant Management
TESDA/VocTech
Caregiving NC II
Agricultural Crops Production
Animal Production
Food and Beverages Services NC II
Housekeeping NC II
Commercial Cooking NC II
Computer Hardware Services
Medical Transcription
Short Term Courses
Culinary Arts
Massage Therapy
Baking and Pastry Arts
AUTOCAD
Computer Technician
Graphics Design
Computer Fundamentals
Welding
Foreign Languages (Korean, Nippongo, French)
English Proficiency
Conversational English
Basic Education
Kinder 1
Kinder 2
Grade 1-6
Grade 7-8
Third and Fourth Year High School
See also
Society of Industrial Engineering
External links
The OFFICIAL Website of UPHSD
University of Perpetual Help DALTA Medical Center
Student Life - UPHSD
Universities and colleges in Laguna (province)
University of Perpetual Help System
Education in Calamba, Laguna
Educational institutions established in 1996
1996 establishments in the Philippines |
```smalltalk
//
// Unit tests for NSTimeZone
//
// Authors:
// Sebastien Pouliot <sebastien@xamarin.com>
//
//
using System;
using System.IO;
using Foundation;
using ObjCRuntime;
using NUnit.Framework;
namespace MonoTouchFixtures.Foundation {
[TestFixture]
[Preserve (AllMembers = true)]
public class NSTimeZoneTest {
[Test]
public void KnownTimeZoneNames ()
{
Assert.That (NSTimeZone.KnownTimeZoneNames.Count, Is.GreaterThan (400), "KnownTimeZoneNames"); // 416 on iOS5
}
[Test]
public void AbbreviationsTest ()
{
Assert.That (NSTimeZone.Abbreviations.ContainsKey (new NSString ("CST")));
}
[Test]
public void AbbreviationTest ()
{
var timezone = NSTimeZone.LocalTimeZone;
Assert.NotNull (timezone.Abbreviation ());
}
[Test]
public void All_28300 ()
{
foreach (var name in NSTimeZone.KnownTimeZoneNames) {
// simulator uses OSX to get timezones which might have some holes,
// e.g. @"Pacific/Bougainville" does not seems to be available in Mavericks
#if !MONOMAC && !__MACCATALYST__
if (Runtime.Arch == Arch.SIMULATOR) {
if (!File.Exists (Path.Combine ("/usr/share/zoneinfo/", name)))
continue;
}
#endif
TimeZoneInfo tzi = TimeZoneInfo.FindSystemTimeZoneById (name);
Assert.NotNull (tzi.GetUtcOffset (DateTime.Now), name);
}
Assert.NotNull (TimeZoneInfo.Local.GetUtcOffset (DateTime.Now), "Local");
}
}
}
``` |
Richard Rawson (born 5 February 1987), better known by his stage name Fazer, is a British rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer and DJ. He is popularly known as a member of hip hop trio N-Dubz, with whom he released three studio albums and won four MOBO Awards.
Early life
Fazer is the son of an English father and Jamaican mother, and was brought up in Camden Town, London. Fazer first met Dappy when they started attending the same karate class, becoming best friends at school. They attended Haverstock School, with third member Tulisa Contostavlos (Dappy's cousin) attending the school for a while as well. It was at school that the trio became close friends and formed N-Dubz.
Career
Fazer is a member of hip hop trio N-Dubz, from the age of 11. N-Dubz is known as one of the first breakthrough acts for UK Urban Music. They released three platinum-selling studio albums and won five MOBO awards. N-Dubz released their first album, Uncle B, in 2008, followed by Against All Odds in 2009, and Love.Live.Life in 2010. In 2011 the band announced a hiatus to focus on solo projects, after a hugely successful UK Arena Tour and a compilation album Greatest Hits. The group have said on many occasions that they will reunite. In May 2022 the group officially reformed announcing a UK arena tour.
On 3 March 2012, Fazer was featured on BBC One where he performed his version of Englishman in New York originally by Sting and he also performed a tribute to Whitney Houston with Skepta. About two weeks later, Fazer remixed "Somebody That I Used to Know" by Gotye. Fazer shot a video for his debut single "Killer" on 29 May 2012, released on 26 August 2012.
In 2013, Fazer and his production partner, Peter Ibsen, both announced the opening of their production company, Sky's the Limit Entertainment. Fazer released a track "6-Foot 8 (Freestyle)" under the new company's name. The pair produced songs for Fazer himself and other artists such as Tulisa, Rihanna, Rita Ora and Jessie J.
On 12 July 2013, Fazer headlined the Yahoo! stage at the Yahoo! Wireless Festival, and performed songs such as "Killer", "Fireflies", "Planetary", and an N-Dubz medley. On 10 August 2013, Fazer performed at the BBC Urban Classics Prom alongside Wretch 32. He performed "Fireflies" and "Movie". On 5 February 2014, he announced that he would now be releasing music under his real name Richard Rawson. In July 2014, Rawson released his single "Fireflies" which features vocals by Tom Parker of The Wanted. On the track, Fazer raps about his journey so far in music. The song is about hope and achieving dreams. On 24 March 2017, Fazer released a song "I Woke Up".
Personal life
Rawson had a crush on Tulisa in school, until he realised that she was Dappy's cousin. The pair were in a relationship from mid-2010 until February 2012, when they broke up during a holiday together, after they fell apart.
In January 2013, it was announced he was dating model Ashley Emma, and that she was six months pregnant. On 20 February 2013 their daughter Ava Rose Rawson was born.
On 19 February 2023, Rawson revealed on his Instagram, that his partner had given birth to twins.
Discography
Singles
Production and writing credits
Tulisa - The Female Boss
02. "Young"
04. "Damn"
06. "Live Your Life"
07. "Visa"
Jessie J - Alive
16. "Magnetic"
Tulisa - Non-album Single
01. "Living Without You"
BTS - Wings
10. "Lost"
Music videos
References
1987 births
Living people
Black British male rappers
English male rappers
English people of Jamaican descent
People from Camden Town
Rappers from London |
Chitinozoa (singular: chitinozoan, plural: chitinozoans) are a group of flask-shaped, organic walled marine microfossils produced by an as yet unknown organism. Common from the Ordovician to Devonian periods (i.e. the mid-Paleozoic), the millimetre-scale organisms are abundant in almost all types of marine sediment across the globe. This wide distribution, and their rapid pace of evolution, makes them valuable biostratigraphic markers.
Their bizarre form has made classification and ecological reconstruction difficult. Since their discovery in 1931, suggestions of protist, plant, and fungal affinities have all been entertained. The organisms have been better understood as improvements in microscopy facilitated the study of their fine structure, and it has been suggested that they represent either the eggs or juvenile stage of a marine animal. However, recent research has suggested that they represent the hard shell of a group of protists with uncertain affinities.
Chitinozoan ecology is also open to speculation; some may have floated in the water column, where others may have attached themselves to other organisms. Most species were particular about their living conditions, and tend to be most common in specific paleoenvironments. Their abundance also varied with the seasons.
Anatomy
Chitinozoa range in length from around 50 to 2000 micrometres. They appear dark to almost opaque when viewed under an optical microscope. Their anatomy is based around the broad chamber, a radially symmetrical region involving a central cavity encased by two layers of a chitin-like substance. The chamber narrows towards the main opening (the aperture), though a circular plug prevents direct contact between the central cavity and its surroundings. This plug may be called an operculum (if it lies at the tip of the aperture) or a prosome (if it lies deep within the narrowed region or neck). The rim of the aperture, known as the collarette, often has a distinctive form or texture.
The base of the chitinozoan lies at the opposite end from the aperture. The base may involve various ornamentation derived from the internal layer. The edge of the base (basal margin) may extend into a sharp radial plate, the carina. Alternatively, it could send out large spines or branches, known as processes. In chitinozoans which attach to substrates or each other in large chains, the center of the base is augmented with apical structures which project down to assist attachment.
External ornamentation is often preserved on the surface of the fossils, in the form of hairs, loops or protrusions, which are sometimes as large as the chamber itself. The range and complexity of ornament increased with time, against a backdrop of decreasing organism size. The earliest Ordovician species were large and smooth-walled; by the mid-Ordovician a large and expanding variety of ornament, and of hollow appendages, was evident. While shorter appendages are generally solid, larger protrusions tend to be hollow, with some of the largest displaying a spongy internal structure. However, even hollow appendages leave no mark on the inner wall of the organisms: this may suggest that they were secreted or attached from the outside. There is some debate about the number of layers present in the organisms' walls: up to three layers have been reported, with the internal wall often ornamented; some specimens only appear to display one such wall layer. The multitude of walls may indeed reflect the construction of the organism, but could be a result of the preservational process.
"Immature" or juvenile examples of chitinozoans have not been found; this may suggest that either they did not "grow", that they were moults (unlikely), or that the fossilisable parts of the organism only formed after the developmental process was complete. However in 2019 a study found that morphological variation of specimens of Desmochitina likely represented a growth series.
Many chitinozoans are found as isolated fossils, but chains of multiple tests, joined from aperture to base, have been reported for all genera. Very long chains twist into helical (spring-shaped) forms. Occasionally, clusters or condensed chains are found, packed in an organic "cocoon".
Classification
Alfred Eisenack's original description of the Chitinozoans placed them in three families, spanning seven genera, based on morphological grounds. Further genera were identified, at first on an annual basis, as time progressed. Since its publication in 1931, Eisenack's original classification has been much honed by these additional discoveries, as well as advances in microscopy. The advent of the scanning electron microscope in the 1970s allowed the improved detection of surface ornamentation which is hugely important in identification—as can be appreciated by a comparison of the images on this page. Even the light microscope image here is of far greater quality than could have been achieved earlier in the century, using poorly preserved specimens and less advanced microscopes.
The original three families proposed by Eisenack represented the best classification possible with available data, based largely on the presence or absence of chains of organisms and the chamber's shape. The orders were subsequently revised to conform better to Linnean taxonomy, placing related organisms more closely together. This was made possible as scientific advances permitted the identification of distinctive traits in organisms across Eisenack's groups. Features of the base and neck, the presence of spines, and perforations or connections are now considered the most useful diagnostic features.
Chitinozoans are placed into two orders. The order Operculatifera includes those with an operculum over the aperture and no distinct neck. The order Prosomatifera includes those with a clearly discernable neck and an internal prosome.
Affinities
Young graptolites
The graptolites are colonial organic walled fossils which also occurred from the Ordovician to the Devonian; only part of their life cycle is known and it is not clear how they reproduced. It has been suggested that the Chitinozoa may represent the pre-sicula stages of graptolites—the period between the colony's sexual reproduction, and the formation of a new colony. This hypothesis appears to be supported by the co-occurrence of graptolite and chitinozoan fossils, whose abundances appear to mirror one another. The similar chemical composition of the fossils has been seized by both sides of the argument. Proponents suggest that the use of the same chemical framework is an indicator that the two may be related. However, this factor means that situations favouring the preservation of one will also tend to preserve the other—and the preparation techniques used to extract the fossils will also favour or disfavour the two groups equally. Therefore, the apparent co-occurrence of the two fossils may merely be an artifact of their similar composition. The hypothesis struggles to explain the continuing abundance of chitinozoans after the middle Devonian, when graptolites became increasingly rare.
Eggs
The test of the Chitinozoa was fixed—there was no scope for any parts of it to move or rotate. This makes it seem likely that the tests were containers, to protect whatever was inside—whether that was a "hibernating" or encysted organism, or a clutch of hatching eggs.
There are several arguments behind an association of the chitinozoans with annelids or gastropods, and it is not impossible that the chitinozoans are a convergent phenomenon laid by both groups. In fact, the spirally coiled nature of chitinozoan chains has been used to suggest that they were laid by a spirally coiled organism, such as the gastropods; were this inference true, uncoiled chains could be attributed to the (straight) annelid worms or other organisms.
Recent excavations of the Soom Shale, an Ordovician konservat-lagerstätten in South Africa, have yielded chitinozoans alongside a wide range of other organisms. It has been suggested that if whatever organism created the Chitinozoa was fossilisable, it would be present in the Soom biota—from which gastropods and graptolites are notable in their absence. Most organisms present in the shale can be ruled out for a variety of reasons, but polychaete worms, Promissum conodonts and orthocone cephalopods remain as likely candidates. However, further evidence connecting chitinozoans to any of these groups is circumstantial at best.
Protists
Alfred Eisenack's original guess was that the Chitinozoa were amoebae, specifically the rhizopod order Testacea, since similar chitin-based tests were produced by the extant members of this group. However, the chemistry of these tests differs from that of the fossils, and modern Testacea are almost exclusively fresh-water—an extremely different environment. Within a year, he had abandoned this initial idea.
Arguments put forwards by Obut (1973) proposed that the organisms were one-celled "plants" similar to the dinoflagellates, which would now be grouped into the Alveolata. However, as mentioned previously, spines and appendages are attached from the exterior of the vessel: only animals have the cellular machinery necessary to perform such a feat. Further, no analogy for the cocoon envelope can be found in this kingdom.
The cyst forms of a particular group of ciliates, the tintinnids have been suggested to be affiliated to chitinozoans.
In 2020, exceptionally preserved remains of Chitinozoans were described, showing the remains of smaller tests within larger ones, suggesting asexual reproduction.
Ecology
It is not immediately clear what mode of life was occupied by these improbably shaped fossils, and an answer only becomes apparent after following several lines of reasoning.
The fossils' restriction to marine sediments can be taken as sound evidence that the organisms dwelt in the Palæozoic seas—which presents three main modes of life:
Infaunal – living within the sediment—the "burrowers"
Benthic – dwelling upon the sea floor, perhaps anchored in place—the "sitters"
Pelagic – free-floating in the water column—the "drifters"
An infaunal mode of life can be quickly ruled out, as the fossils are sometimes found in alignment with the depositing current; as nothing attached them to the bottom, they must have fallen from the water column.
The ornament of the chitinozoans may cast light on the question. Whilst in some cases a defensive role—by making the vessel larger, and thus less digestible by would-be predators—seems probable, it is not impossible that the protrusions may have anchored the organisms to the sea floor. However, their low-density construction makes this unlikely: perhaps more plausible is that they acted to attach to other organisms. Longer spines also make the organisms more buoyant, by decreasing their Rayleigh number (i.e. increasing the relative importance of water's viscosity)—it is therefore possible that at least the long-spined chitinozoans were planktonic "floaters". On the other hand, the walls of some chitinozoans were probably too thick and dense to allow them to float.
Whilst little is known about their interactions with other organisms, small holes in the tests of some chitinozoans are evidence that they were hosts to some parasites. Although some forms have been reinterpreted as "pock-marks" caused by the disintegration of the diagenetic mineral pyrite, the clustering of cylindrical holes around the chamber—where the flesh of the organism was likely to be concentrated—is evidence for a biological cause.
Corals in Gotland with daily growth markings have been found in association with abundant chitinozoans, which allow the detection of seasonal variation in chitinozoan abundance. A peak in abundance during the late autumn months is observed, with the maxima for different species occurring on different dates. Such a pattern is also observed in modern-day tropical zooplankton. The diversity of living habits is also reflected by the depth of water and distance from the shore. Different species are found in highest abundance at different depths. While deeper waters around 40 km from the shoreline are generally the optimal environment, some species appear to prefer very shallow water. On the whole, chitinozoans are less abundant in turbulent waters or reef environments, implying an aversion to such regimes when alive, if it is not an effect of sedimentary focusing. Chitinozoans also become rarer in shallower water—although the reverse is not necessarily true. They cannot survive freshwater input.
Stratigraphic application
Since Alfred Eisenack first recognised and named the group in 1930, the Chitinozoa have proven incredibly useful as a stratigraphic markers in biostratigraphy during the Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian periods. Their utility is due to the rapidity of their morphological evolution, their abundance—the most productive samples bearing almost a thousand tests per gram—and the easy identification (due largely to the large variation in shapes) and short lifetimes (<10 million years) of most species. They are also widely distributed and appear in a variety of marine depositional settings, making correlation easier; better still, they can often be recognised in even quite strongly metamorphosed rocks. However, convergence of morphological form to similar environments sometimes leads to the mistaken identification of a species in several areas separated by vast differences in space and time, but sharing a similar depositional environment; clearly, this can cause major problems if the organisms are interpreted as being the same species. Aside from the acritarchs, chitinozoans were the only reliable means of correlating palæozoic units until the late 1960s, when the detailed study of conodonts and graptolites fully unleashed their stratigraphic potential.
The oldest know chitinozoans appear to be phosphatized remains tentatively referred to the genus Eisenackitina. They were recovered from the Middle Cambrian (Stage 5)–age Gaotai Formation, more than 20 million years before the group is found elsewhere in the Ordovician. Chitinozoans appear to have become extinct at the end of the Devonian; rare Carboniferous and Permian remains may represent reworked fossils or fungal spores.
References
External links
Commission Internationale de Microflore du Paléozoique (CIMP), international commission for Palaeozoic palynology.
Prehistoric marine animals
Enigmatic animal taxa
Palynology
Early Ordovician first appearances
Pennsylvanian extinctions |
The Agora, Cleveland 1978 is a live album by Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band, released in December 2014 and was the second official release through the Bruce Springsteen Archives.
Recorded at the Agora Ballroom in Cleveland, Ohio on August 9, 1978, during the band's Darkness Tour, the show is considered by many fans and critics to be one of the most essential live recordings by Springsteen and the E Street Band. Rolling Stone said of the recording "This is simply the greatest live LP this greatest of live rockers has ever officially released."
The show was originally broadcast live on the radio with bootlegs circulating for years but this marks the first official release of the album, completely restored and remastered.
Background
The concert was sponsored by radio station WMMS as part of their 10th anniversary. WMMS announced the concert on air just 12 days before the show and free tickets were sent to listeners who dropped off a self-addressed stamped envelope at a local record store chain. Two tickets each were sent to 375 fans chosen at random from the thousands of requests that were received.
The concert was broadcast live on WMMS and seven other Midwestern radio stations. The audio mix and recording were supervised by Springsteen's manager Jon Landau and audio engineer Jimmy Iovine.
Engineer Toby Scott, who remastered the 2014 release, found tapes of the concert at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland where they were part of the Springsteen exhibit "Asbury Park to the Promised Land." Comparing the tapes to other copies of the concert, Scott thought this was the best version and potentially the original master tapes. The exact source of the tapes is unclear as there were two audio feeds—one to Agency Recording studio, located on the second floor of the Agora building, and another to a production truck parked outside. The club's owner, Hank LoConti, had donated the Agora's 16-track master reels to the Western Reserve Historical Society in 2000.
Track listing
All tracks by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted.
Set one
"Summertime Blues" – 3:20 (Eddie Cochran, Jerry Capehart)
"Badlands" – 4:46
"Spirit in the Night" – 8:04
"Darkness on the Edge of Town" – 5:36
"Factory" – 3:22
"The Promised Land" – 6:00
"Prove It All Night" – 11:49
"Racing in the Street" – 8:58
"Thunder Road" – 6:44
"Jungleland" – 10:18
Set two
"Paradise By the "C"" – 4:04
"Fire" – 3:06
"Sherry Darling" – 6:12
"Not Fade Away/Gloria/She's the One" – 14:53 (Buddy Holly, Norman Petty/Van Morrison/Springsteen)
"Growin' Up" – 13:02
"Backstreets" – 14:02
"Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" – 12:51
First encore
"4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" – 8:44
"Born to Run" – 6:09
"Because the Night" – 8:12
"Raise Your Hand" – 6:37 (Steve Cropper, Eddie Floyd, Al Bell)
Second encore
"Twist and Shout" – 7:24 (Phil Medley, Bert Berns)
Personnel
Bruce Springsteen – lead vocals, guitar, harmonica
Roy Bittan – piano, background vocals
Clarence Clemons – saxophone, percussion, background vocals, clarinet
Danny Federici – organ, electronic glockenspiel, accordion
Garry Tallent – bass guitar
Steven Van Zandt – guitar, background vocals
Max Weinberg – drums
Plangent Processes – Archival analog to digital transfer
References
2015 live albums
Bruce Springsteen Archives |
Jim Schwall (November 12, 1942 – June 19, 2022) was an American musician, singer-songwriter, and photographer. He was best known as a co-founder and member of the Siegel-Schwall Band.
Musical career
Jim Schwall was born in Evanston, Illinois. A singer-songwriter, he played guitar, as well as mandolin, bass guitar, accordion, and other instruments. He studied music at Roosevelt University. There he met Corky Siegel, and became interested in electric blues music. Schwall and Siegel formed a blues duo in 1964, playing at Chicago bars and clubs. They performed regularly at Pepper's Lounge and at Big John's, where well known, established blues musicians such as Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, and Willie Dixon would often sit in. The duo expanded to a quartet and became the Siegel-Schwall Band. Schwall's amplified Gibson B-25 acoustic guitar was a distinctive component of the band's sound.
The Siegel-Schwall Band became quite popular, and by 1967 were touring nationally, performing at large venues like the Fillmore West and sharing the bill with well-known rock bands. Between 1966 and 1974, they released at least ten albums. They were also noted for their collaborations with Seiji Ozawa, combining blues with classical music. After 1974, they disbanded, but the band re-formed in 1987. They played occasional live dates and released two albums of new material over the following decade.
Schwall was also the leader of his own blues-rock band, the Jim Schwall Band. This band formed in the mid-1970s, and versions continued playing live on an intermittent basis into the 2000's.
Schwall was also involved in numerous other musical projects. He played guitar and accordion in the band So Dang Yang, and was the bassist for the Cajun Strangers. He earned a Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.) degree in Music Composition from the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Music in 1994, submitting his composition Triptych: Dance Music in Three Acts for Eleven Players in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree. He taught music at the college level. As a composer, he specialized in ballet, opera, and other music for the stage.
Photography
Schwall was also a professional photographer, and did different types of photography. In his later years he worked at creating art prints that combined human figures and natural landscapes. He sometimes used 19th-century photographic techniques such as kallitype, cyanotype, and gum printing, non-silver techniques that predate the gelatin silver process.
Political activism
Schwall was active in progressive political causes. In 2002 he ran for mayor of Madison, Wisconsin.
Writing
After retiring and settling in Tucson, Schwall took to writing. At the urging of friends, he wrote a memoir titled "My So-called Career(s)" still unpublished, and was working on a novel tentatively titled "Organ Pipe Incident."
Discography
For Schwall's recordings with the Siegel-Schwall Band, see Siegel-Schwall Band.
Albums
A Wedding Present from Jim and Cherie Schwall – Jim and Cherie Schwall (private pressing, 1973)
Spring Vacation – The Jim Schwall Band
Growing Old – Jim Schwall
Piñata – So Dang Yang [EP]
Cajun Country Ramble – The Cajun Strangers
Short Stories – Jim Schwall (Waterbug Records, 2010)
Bar Time Lovers – Jim Schwall (Conundrum InterArts, 2014)
Singles
"Mr. Monster" / "Don't Drive When You've Been Drinking" – The Jim Schwall Band (Dynamic Voice, 1976)
References
External Links
jimschwall.com
1942 births
2022 deaths
musicians from Evanston, Illinois
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues mandolinists
American people of German descent
Roosevelt University alumni
Guitarists from Chicago
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Waterbug Records artists
Writers from Chicago |
Heathcote is a suburb of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The suburb is located 36 km south of the Sydney central business district in the Sutherland Shire of Southern Sydney. Heathcote is bordered by Engadine to the north and Waterfall to the south. It is bounded by The Royal National Park to the east, and Heathcote National Park to the west.
Heathcote is separated into two sections by a railway line.
The South Metropolitan Scouts Association has a camping ground and training centre at Boundary Road. A small group of shops are located on the western side, near the railway station on Princes Highway. The Sutherland Shire Emergency Services Centre is located on the eastern side (Heathcote East / Heathcote Heights), beside the railway station.
Favoured bushwalking tracks are throughout the Royal National Park accessed from Engadine railway station and Heathcote East.
History
Heathcote was originally known as Bottle Forest. There were fourteen town allotments in Bottle Forest in 1842, in what is now Heathcote East. In 1835 Surveyor-General Sir Thomas Mitchell conducted a survey of the area and named it Heathcote, in honour of an officer who had fought with him during the Peninsula Wars against Napoleon.
Heathcote railway station opened in 1886. Heathcote Hall was built in Heathcote East in 1887 by Abel Harber, a brick manufacturer. This grand Victorian house included a tower, which was a symbol of wealth. Harber suffered heavy financial losses during the construction of the Imperial Arcade in Sydney and attempted to dispose of the property but the 1892 depression did not help. The financial institution became the house's possessor and they arranged with George Adams of Tattersalls to organise a sweepstake with the house as a prize. The winner was Mr S. Gillett, a Sydney builder. The property was sold to Edmond Lamb Brown in 1901 and it still stands, though in a "dilapidated" state. The movie The Munsters' Scary Little Christmas was filmed at Heathcote Hall.
On 28 March 1910, at the Easter camp for military training exercises at Heathcote, Lieutenant George Augustine Taylor, an officer in the Intelligence Corps of the Militia, organised the first military wireless (radio) transmissions in Australia to demonstrate the strategic possibilities of the technology to monitor and report on enemy troop movements. As the military had no wireless capability Lieutenant Taylor co-opted the services of three civilian experts who volunteered to carry out the experiments. The three civilians, Messers Kirkby, Hannam and Wilkinson, brought all their own equipment with them. They arrived at Heathcote by train and all of their equipment was dumped on the platform. Two sites were established to conduct the tests from a Station A and a Station B. Station A was in a tent adjacent to the gatekeeper's cottage at Heathcote Station. Station B was 2 miles to the south in a cave on a landmark 'Spion Kop' in what is now Heathcote National Park. The purpose of the demonstration was to observe enemy troop movements from the south. It was assumed that the enemy were encamped seven miles to the south at Garrawarra. The experiments were successful and Taylor gave all credit to the civilian experts.
The bushwalk from Heathcote to Waterfall became popular as a day outing in the 1930s, and many tracks in Heathcote National Park and Royal National Park are used by Scouts Australia as well as bushwalkers in general. There is a scout camping area called Camp Coutts in Heathcote National Park, adjacent to the suburb of Waterfall.
The Olympic Torch was carried through the shopping center in 2000. In 2019, Russell Chambers, English scholar, philanthropist and singer-songwriter, best known for Sausage Rolls, Meat Pie, Aye!, a 2006 top 10 hit in the UK singles charts, moved to live in Heathcote East.
From Bottle Forest to Heathcote - the Sutherland Shire's First Settlement is a book about the history of Heathcote written by Patrick Kennedy in 1999.
Heritage listings
Heathcote has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
1-21 Dillwynnia Grove: Heathcote Hall
Demographics
At the 2016 census, there were 6,013 residents in Heathcote. 86.6% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 3.9%. 93.3% of people spoke only English at home. The most common ancestries were English at 32.5%, Australian at 31.4%, Irish at 9.9%, Scottish at 7.9% and German at 2.4%. The top responses for religious affiliation were Catholic at 27.4%, No Religion at 25.7%, and Anglican at 24.5%. Home ownership was popular in Heathcote, with 40.5% of people owning their home outright and 42.2% paying off a mortgage.
Transport
Heathcote railway station is on the Illawarra railway line. A U-Go Mobility bus service also links Engadine with Heathcote.
Heathcote Road meets the Princes Highway at Heathcote. It is a major link to Liverpool, while the Princes Highway links Sydney and Wollongong.
For many years several people were fatally struck by cars while crossing the Princes Highway at Heathcote. The traffic lights at the intersection are the last south-bound out of Sydney but were also the only highway crossing point for both rail commuters and high-school students from West Heathcote. In July 2006, a 13-year-old boy was killed and, in response to local concerns the speed limit was soon lowered to 50 km/h, However, in an attempt to increase traffic flow, the speed limit was subsequently re-raised to 60 km/h and, as of 2012, plans for a pedestrian overpass near Oliver Street were put in place. In late 2014 the overpass was opened and the crossing closed.
Education
Heathcote's government schools are operated by the New South Wales Department of Education and Training.
Heathcote has three public schools: Heathcote Public School (the oldest school in the Sutherland Shire opened on 15 November 1886), Heathcote East Public School and Heathcote High School. The high school services Heathcote residents and also residents of the nearby suburbs of Engadine, Helensburgh, Waterfall, Woronora Heights and Stanwell Park.
The high school is a leafy, modern school which claims to offer "well educated" teachers and high marks for the HSC. In 2010, a Year 12 student got an outstanding mark of 99.05. In 2015 a year 12 student also achieved the maximum ATAR of 99.95. The school also has a very strict anti bullying policy.
Notable people
John Meredith, Australian folklorist and musician, resided in Heathcote between 1952 and 1954 and founded the original Australian Bush band The Bushwhackers (originally "The Heathcote Bushwhackers") there in 1952.
April Letton, NSW Netball player.
Ella Nelson, Australian sprinter, Olympian and multiple national title holder in athletics.
References
Sources
The Book of Sydney Suburbs, Frances Pollen, Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990, Published in Australia.
From Bottle Forest to Heathcote - the Sutherland Shire's First Settlement. Written by Patrick Kennedy 1999. Reprinted 2003.
By Wireless - How we got the signals through Lieutenant George A Taylor, cc 1910
Suburbs of Sydney
Sutherland Shire |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Microsoft.TeamFoundation.DistributedTask.Orchestration.Server.Pipelines.Yaml.Contracts
{
internal sealed class VariablesTemplateReference : IVariable
{
internal String Name { get; set; }
internal IDictionary<String, Object> Parameters { get; set; }
}
}
``` |
Family Educational Services Foundation (FESF) is a non-profit, educational organization based Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is working in Pakistan since 1984. FESF provides educational services, with particular focus on Deaf children and youth. FESF is registered as a non-profit organization with the SECP and is tax exempt.
The organization's main projects are:
Deaf Reach Program
Move Program
Eduserve Training Program
Community Services Program
Projects
Deaf Reach Program
Upwards of nine million people in Pakistan (5% of pop.) have some form of hearing loss. Of this group, there are approximately 1.5 million profoundly deaf children of school age – the majority of whom suffer from no educational opportunities.
The Deaf Reach Program was established in Pakistan in 1998, initially working informally with deaf youth and young adults. The first Deaf Reach School was established by FESF in Karachi in 2005, and the program has grown rapidly to where there are now eight Deaf Reach Schools and Training Centers located in Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Nawabshah, and Lahore, Rashidabad, Jehlum, and Sujawal.
These schools provide free education and training to over 1,500 deaf children and young adults from low-income families in both urban and rural areas. There is an important focus on girls attending school, with a female enrollment of 48%.
Deaf Reach is the only school for the Deaf in Pakistan that has a branch network, providing educational opportunities in rural areas. Training is also provided for all parents and families in learning how to communicate and care for their children. There is also an active Financial Inclusion program for deaf young adults with training in marketable skills leading to employment and financial independence.
In 2014, FESF launched a Pakistan Sign Language (PSL) lexicon referencing 5,000 words. The PSL Lexicon received the 2014 P@SHA Award in e-Inclusion & e-Community category.
In 2021, Richard Geary, founder of FESF, was awarded the Sitara-e-Khidmat for long years of service to Pakistan.
Motivated Volunteer Empowerment Program
The Motivated Volunteer Empowerment (MOVE) Program is aimed at high school and university students but is also effective as a training program. The training courses are organized and implemented by Family Educational Services Foundation (FESF). The MOVE program is an educational development resource, which focuses on leadership, soft skills and volunteerism. The program meets the need for developing committed volunteers and engaging youth voice in solving social problems.
The six training sessions are followed by two project planning workshops. At least one community development project is carried out by participants from each MOVE program. Theoretical training along with practical experience is a vital ingredient of MOVE. To this effect, FESF coordinates field implementation projects for the students in partnership with local institutions around the country. Many of the MOVE graduates have gone on to be actively involved in their community with some initiating and sustaining highly effective volunteer projects on a regular basis.
Community Services
A few programs that are regularly organized are:
A yearly Summer Camp for deaf and orphan children
An annual Children's Benefit Concert for approx. 5,000 disabled and underprivileged children.
Uplift programs in hospitals
Extra-curricular classes and events for less privileged children
Regular book drives and creation of libraries in needy schools and institutes
All of these programs are achieved with the help of volunteers.
Master Trainer Program
FESF, in collaboration with NOWPDP launched a master trainer program in Jan. 2010, "Instructing and Guiding Children with Special Education Needs." The program objective is capacity building for teachers who impart special education in government and private schools countrywide. 10 master trainers were developed who went on to conduct courses for 226 teachers from 25 different institutes in Karachi and Islamabad.
Funding and support
Family Educational Services Foundation is exempt from taxation under the Pakistan law. FESF receives the majority of its funding via donations and sponsorship from individuals, businessmen, corporate sponsorship and foundations.
References
Educational foundations
Organisations based in Karachi
Educational organisations based in Pakistan
Schools for the deaf in Pakistan
Charities based in Pakistan |
```c
/* $OpenBSD: jrand48.c,v 1.3 2005/08/08 08:05:36 espie Exp $ */
/*
* All rights reserved.
*
* You may redistribute unmodified or modified versions of this source
* code provided that the above copyright notice and this and the
* following conditions are retained.
*
* This software is provided ``as is'', and comes with no warranties
* of any kind. I shall in no event be liable for anything that happens
* to anyone/anything when using this software.
*/
#include "rand48.h"
long
jrand48(unsigned short xseed[3])
{
__dorand48(xseed);
return ((long) xseed[2] << 16) + (long) xseed[1];
}
``` |
An Autographic Register is a business machine invented in 1883 by James C. Shoup. The device consisted two separate rolls of paper interleaved with carbon paper. Usually one or both of the rolls would be preprinted with form information. To operate the machine the user would write, for example, a sales receipt and the machine automatically produced a copy. The crank on the machine ejected the records and moved a blank form into view. The original receipt produced would go to the user and the copy was filed. Shoup founded the Autographic Register Company in Hoboken, NJ to manufacture his invention.
The Autographic Register was an advance over use of separate forms and carbon paper as it guaranteed that the copy was made and kept the forms in relative alignment. A number of advancements were soon made, including the use of sprocket-fed paper, invented by Theodore Schirmer. This helped avoid slippage and misalignment of forms, allowing more copies to be produced simultaneously. In 1912 Schirmer founded the Standard Register Company in Dayton, Ohio.
The invention of sprocket-fed paper later found use in computer printers.
Although the Autographic Register has been largely replaced by newer technology it remains in use as of 2015.
References
Office equipment
1883 introductions
American inventions |
Bartholomew Mansel was the vicar of the diocese of Antioch, regent of Tripoli, and bishop of Tortosa around 1272, a post he held until 1291.
Biography
Bartholomew belonged to the important Frankish family of the Mansels in Antioch. He was probably the son of Robert Mansel, who was Constable of Antioch in 1207. Simon Mansel, Constable of Antioch, was probably his brother. He was maternally related to King Hethum I, as his father married his half-sister.
In 1268, Bartholomew escaped the sack of Antioch, which was under the command of his brother Simon. He was appointed bishop of Tortosa when that see fell vacant in 1272. After the death of Bohemond VI in 1275, his widow, Sibylla, invited Bishop Bartholomew to act as regent for her young son, Bohemond VII. Since Bartholomew was also the vicar of the absentee patriarch of Antioch, Opizo dei Fieschi, this brought him into conflict with the bishop of Tripoli Paul of Segni.
After he took up residence in Tripoli, Bartholomew, who outranked Paul both spiritually and secularly, sided with Paul's detractors among the native baronage. He also had a dispute with the Lord Guy II of Gibelet, which was provoked by the marriage of the heiress of Hugh l'Aleman to Guy's brother John, which preempted her marriage to Bartholomew's nephew.
Bartholomew, acting as patriarchal vicar, absolved Bohemond of the excommunication issued by Pope Nicholas III, following a letter from Paul to the Pope in which he accused Bohemond of seizing his goods, imprisoning his servants and attacking his safehouse.
He returned to Tortosa after the fall of Tripoli in 1289. On 3 August 1291, the Knight Templars and Bartholomew evacuated Tortosa, which had ceased to be a residential bishopric afterwards.
References
Bibliography
People from the Crusader states |
Sean O'Grady may refer to:
Sean O'Grady (boxer) (born 1959), World Boxing Association Lightweight Champion
Seán O'Grady (politician) (1889–1966), Irish Fianna Fáil politician, TD for Clare, 1932–1951
Sean O'Grady (athlete), Paralympic athlete from Ireland |
Robert Solli Burås (12 August 1975 – 12 July 2007) was guitarist and songwriter in the Norwegian rock band Madrugada. He was also a founding member of the band My Midnight Creeps, where he played guitar and was lead singer.
On 12 July 2007, Burås was found dead in his apartment by a friend, with his guitar in his hand. After a ceremony in Sofienberg Church in Oslo, he was cremated. His ashes lie at Bjerkvik Cemetery in Nordland, Norway.
Early life
According to a radio interview with NRK disc jockey Harald Are Lund in 2006, Robert Burås' first real contact with rock music came in the form of a mix tape. The first song on the tape was Led Zeppelin's Rock and Roll, and 12-year-old Robert was hooked. In later years, he mentioned Rock and Roll as a favourite of his.
Madrugada
After playing in local bands with friends and schoolmates in his adolescent years, he formed Abby's Adoption with drummer John Lauvland Pettersen and bass player Frode Jacobsen. The three teamed up with singer Sivert Høyem, changed their name to Madrugada and relocated to Oslo shortly after that. Madrugada's debut EP was released in 1998.
My Midnight Creeps
Robert Burås founded My Midnight Creeps in 2005 in which he performed as lead singer/guitarist as well as fronting the band and writing the majority of the material. They released two albums: the eponymous My Midnight Creeps (2005) and Histamin (2007).
Instruments
Burås' instrument of choice throughout his career with Madrugada was a 1966 vintage, Candy Apple Red, Fender Jazzmaster. This guitar was placed on top of the coffin during his funeral service. Also used extensively were his sunburst Fender Stratocaster, black Gibson Les Paul Custom and in later times with My Midnight Creeps he performed mostly with a brown Gibson ES-345. He also played the Harmonica, electric mandolin and occasionally piano.
References
External links
Official Madrugada homepage
1975 births
2007 deaths
Norwegian rock guitarists
Musicians from Narvik
20th-century guitarists |
My Past Is My Own is a television film which aired as a CBS Schoolbreak Special on January 24, 1989. The film is centered on a sit-in in the early 1960s at a racially segregated lunch counter in the Southern United States. Whoopi Goldberg, Phill Lewis and Allison Dean portray the lead characters.
Writer/producer Alan Gansberg was awarded the 1989 Humanitas Prize in the Children's Live-Action Category for his work on My Past Is My Own. Editor Jayme Wing was nominated for an Emmy for best achievement in film editing.
Plot
Justin Cook (Phill Lewis) and his sister Kerry (Allison Dean) are two African American teenagers living in a middle-class New Jersey household in the late 1980s. The Cook family is visited by their distant cousin, psychologist Mariah Johnston (Whoopi Goldberg). A contemporary of Justin and Kerry's parents, Mariah is about to receive an award for her years of community work, particularly in the area of civil rights. Having been born after the Civil Rights Movement, Justin and Kerry never experienced Jim Crow segregation, and the two fail to appreciate the stories about the era that Mariah and their parents recount at dinner.
While Justin and Kerry sleep that night, they are mysteriously transported to a small town in Georgia in 1961. While there, the siblings participate in a sit-in at a segregated lunch counter. The protest is staged by a group of local teenagers and young adults—including their cousin Mariah. The siblings are horrified by the hostility and racism of local White residents, and inspired by the strength displayed by Mariah and the others as the group is harassed during the sit-in.
When they awaken the following morning, the siblings find themselves back in the 1980s. No one is aware of their journey to the past except Justin and Kerry themselves (and possibly Mariah). As the Cook family watches Mariah accept her award later that day, Justin and Kerry do so with a greater appreciation for Mariah, the Civil Rights Movement, and the history of African Americans in general.
Cast
Whoopi Goldberg - Mariah Johnston
Phill Lewis - Justin Cook
Allison Dean - Kerry Cook
C.C.H. Pounder - Renee Cook
Thalmus Rasulala - Marshall Cook
William Allen Young - Rev. James Jordan
Geoffrey Blake - Dexter Lee Smith
Guy Boyd - Russell Crew
Gloria Carlin - Frances Taylor
Kenneth Edwards - Clyde Waller
Dominic Hoffman - Donny Hall
Charles Stransky - Alfred Wainwright
Anthony Grumbach - White Boy
Laurneá Wilkerson - Brianne Solomons
Dorothy Sinclair - White Woman
James Marshall - Willie Willens
Music
The James Ingram tune "Remember the Dream" serves as the theme song for the movie.
See also
Civil rights movement in popular culture
Notes
External links
My Past Is My Own (1989) at The Internet Movie Database
African-American films
Civil rights movement in television
1989 television films
1989 films
American television films
Films about race and ethnicity
Films set in Georgia (U.S. state)
Films set in New Jersey
Films set in the 1960s
Films set in the 1980s
Films about time travel |
Bonbon (usually stylised as bonbon, in lowercase) is a mobile network operator based in Croatia. It operates as a mobile virtual network operator using the T-Mobile network. It is owned by T-Hrvatski Telekom (T-HT) and was launched on 1 October 2010.
Summary
Bonbon offers exclusively prepaid SIM cards and Internet SIM cards. In October 2011, the number of mobile network customers reached more than 300,000. Bonbon was the first network in Croatia not to have a call setup fee. It differs from other conventional mobile phone operators by not having standardized tariffs but instead lets the users choose the specific combination of voice, SMS and data packages. It presents itself as an on-line brand, with customer service operating exclusively via social networks.
History (2010 – present)
Bonbon commenced operations on 1 October 2010, as a mobile virtual network operator using the T-Mobile network. The name bonbon probably originated from the Croatian word for a top-up card (bon). The name also resembles the Croatian word for candy – bombon. Although the correct number of users is widely unknown, in October 2011 the company announced that the number of customers topped 100,000 and in January 2015 they announced over their Facebook page that they had reached more than 200.000 subscribers.
Products and services
SIM card
The SIM card is the main product. It supports all standard 2G, 3G and LTE services. The SIM card can be acquired in two ways: by purchasing one at the newsstand or ordering one from the bonbon website. As bonbon uses the T-Mobile network, the SIM can function only with mobile phones that are either unlocked or locked to the T-Mobile network. Bonbon is known to offer the smallest top-up card on the market for 10 kunas.
Internet SIM card
The Internet SIM card can be acquired exclusively on Bonbon’s web shop. It automatically activates once the user starts using it. It allows the user to send and receive SMSs but does not permit voice calls.
Services
One of the specific and unique features of bonbon is the fact that it does not have standardized tariffs, but instead, lets the users choose the specific combination and quantity of voice, SMS and data packages. It introduced this feature on 15 February 2011. Bonbon was also the first network in Croatia not to have a call setup fee. Bonbon is the only network that permits users the possibility of choosing their own number. In May 2012 it became the first network to allow money transfers from one bonbon account to another, free of charge. The bonbon web shop is the main channel of distribution and one of the main communication channels.
Customer service
Bonbon’s customer service maintains a permanent on-line presence and can be reached at all times. It relies on members of the service team to provide timely answers to questions raised by users. The customer service consists of a team of approximately 30 people that are on-line 0-24 and can be reached through social media channels – Facebook, Twitter, Google+, forum, chat and by e-mail. It has been reported that bonbon fancies this type of approach because of the direct access to the users and the low cost of operation set up.
Marketing
Advertising
Bonbon is known for its edgy and sometimes provocative advertising. Some ads depicted sexually charged imagery. In 2012, bonbon published a YouTube video, a longer version of its TV ad that portrayed two girls kissing, causing a stir in the local media, but drawing praises from LGBT friendly web sites.
Awards and acknowledgments
In 2011 bonbon was a finalist at the Effie awards in the telecommunication category. The agency responsible for the work awarded was Digitel, from Zagreb.
In 2012, bonbon was the recipient of a couple of awards. At the annual national advertising festival, IdejaX, it won the prize for its pre-movie videos ‘Moron’, ‘Jerk’ and ‘Idiot’ that were done by the ad agency Fahrenheit. It also picked up a prize for best production for its TV ad done by Publicis Zagreb. At the Sudnji dan festival, ‘Moron’, ‘Jerk’ and ‘Idiot’ picked up another award,
this time for best copywriting. At the 2012 Vidi awards, bonbon’s site was awarded 5th place in the Corporate website category. The Web site is the work of Nivas, a Zagreb based digital agency.
Sponsorships
Bonbon has a consistent policy of sponsorship, regularly preferring open-air festivals. So far it has sponsored the Šibenik-based Terraneo festival, an indie music festival, and Gričevanje, a music festival in the center of Zagreb, the capital of Croatia.
References
External links
Website
Mobile phone companies of Croatia
Mobile virtual network operators
Telecommunications companies of Croatia
Telecommunications companies established in 2010
Croatian companies established in 2010 |
```smalltalk
/* ====================================================================
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
==================================================================== */
namespace NPOI.HSSF.Util
{
using System;
using System.Collections;
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using NPOI.HSSF.Record;
/// <summary>
/// Various utility functions that make working with a cells and rows easier. The various
/// methods that deal with style's allow you to Create your HSSFCellStyles as you need them.
/// When you apply a style change to a cell, the code will attempt to see if a style already
/// exists that meets your needs. If not, then it will Create a new style. This is to prevent
/// creating too many styles. there is an upper limit in Excel on the number of styles that
/// can be supported.
/// @author Eric Pugh epugh@upstate.com
/// </summary>
public class HSSFCellUtil
{
public const string ALIGNMENT = "alignment";
public const string BORDER_BOTTOM = "borderBottom";
public const string BORDER_LEFT = "borderLeft";
public const string BORDER_RIGHT = "borderRight";
public const string BORDER_TOP = "borderTop";
public const string BOTTOM_BORDER_COLOR = "bottomBorderColor";
public const string DATA_FORMAT = "dataFormat";
public const string FILL_BACKGROUND_COLOR = "fillBackgroundColor";
public const string FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR = "fillForegroundColor";
public const string FILL_PATTERN = "fillPattern";
public const string FONT = "font";
public const string HIDDEN = "hidden";
public const string INDENTION = "indention";
public const string LEFT_BORDER_COLOR = "leftBorderColor";
public const string LOCKED = "locked";
public const string RIGHT_BORDER_COLOR = "rightBorderColor";
public const string ROTATION = "rotation";
public const string TOP_BORDER_COLOR = "topBorderColor";
public const string VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT = "verticalAlignment";
public const string WRAP_TEXT = "wrapText";
private static UnicodeMapping[] unicodeMappings;
static HSSFCellUtil()
{
unicodeMappings = new UnicodeMapping[15];
unicodeMappings[0] = um("alpha", "\u03B1");
unicodeMappings[1] = um("beta", "\u03B2");
unicodeMappings[2] = um("gamma", "\u03B3");
unicodeMappings[3] = um("delta", "\u03B4");
unicodeMappings[4] = um("epsilon", "\u03B5");
unicodeMappings[5] = um("zeta", "\u03B6");
unicodeMappings[6] = um("eta", "\u03B7");
unicodeMappings[7] = um("theta", "\u03B8");
unicodeMappings[8] = um("iota", "\u03B9");
unicodeMappings[9] = um("kappa", "\u03BA");
unicodeMappings[10] = um("lambda", "\u03BB");
unicodeMappings[11] = um("mu", "\u03BC");
unicodeMappings[12] = um("nu", "\u03BD");
unicodeMappings[13] = um("xi", "\u03BE");
unicodeMappings[14] = um("omicron", "\u03BF");
}
private class UnicodeMapping
{
public String entityName;
public String resolvedValue;
public UnicodeMapping(String pEntityName, String pResolvedValue)
{
entityName = "&" + pEntityName + ";";
resolvedValue = pResolvedValue;
}
}
private HSSFCellUtil()
{
// no instances of this class
}
/// <summary>
/// Get a row from the spreadsheet, and Create it if it doesn't exist.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rowCounter">The 0 based row number</param>
/// <param name="sheet">The sheet that the row is part of.</param>
/// <returns>The row indicated by the rowCounter</returns>
public static IRow GetRow(int rowCounter, HSSFSheet sheet)
{
IRow row = sheet.GetRow(rowCounter);
if (row == null)
{
row = sheet.CreateRow(rowCounter);
}
return row;
}
/// <summary>
/// Get a specific cell from a row. If the cell doesn't exist,
/// </summary>
/// <param name="row">The row that the cell is part of</param>
/// <param name="column">The column index that the cell is in.</param>
/// <returns>The cell indicated by the column.</returns>
public static ICell GetCell(IRow row, int column)
{
ICell cell = row.GetCell(column);
if (cell == null)
{
cell = row.CreateCell(column);
}
return cell;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a cell, gives it a value, and applies a style if provided
/// </summary>
/// <param name="row">the row to Create the cell in</param>
/// <param name="column">the column index to Create the cell in</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the cell</param>
/// <param name="style">If the style is not null, then Set</param>
/// <returns>A new HSSFCell</returns>
public static ICell CreateCell(IRow row, int column, String value, HSSFCellStyle style)
{
ICell cell = GetCell(row, column);
cell.SetCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(value));
if (style != null)
{
cell.CellStyle = (style);
}
return cell;
}
/// <summary>
/// Create a cell, and give it a value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="row">the row to Create the cell in</param>
/// <param name="column">the column index to Create the cell in</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the cell</param>
/// <returns>A new HSSFCell.</returns>
public static ICell CreateCell(IRow row, int column, String value)
{
return CreateCell(row, column, value, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Translate color palette entries from the source to the destination sheet
/// </summary>
private static void RemapCellStyle(HSSFCellStyle stylish, Dictionary<short, short> paletteMap)
{
if (paletteMap.ContainsKey(stylish.BorderDiagonalColor))
{
stylish.BorderDiagonalColor = paletteMap[stylish.BorderDiagonalColor];
}
if (paletteMap.ContainsKey(stylish.BottomBorderColor))
{
stylish.BottomBorderColor = paletteMap[stylish.BottomBorderColor];
}
if (paletteMap.ContainsKey(stylish.FillBackgroundColor))
{
stylish.FillBackgroundColor = paletteMap[stylish.FillBackgroundColor];
}
if (paletteMap.ContainsKey(stylish.FillForegroundColor))
{
stylish.FillForegroundColor = paletteMap[stylish.FillForegroundColor];
}
if (paletteMap.ContainsKey(stylish.LeftBorderColor))
{
stylish.LeftBorderColor = paletteMap[stylish.LeftBorderColor];
}
if (paletteMap.ContainsKey(stylish.RightBorderColor))
{
stylish.RightBorderColor = paletteMap[stylish.RightBorderColor];
}
if (paletteMap.ContainsKey(stylish.TopBorderColor))
{
stylish.TopBorderColor = paletteMap[stylish.TopBorderColor];
}
}
public static void CopyCell(HSSFCell oldCell, HSSFCell newCell, IDictionary<Int32, HSSFCellStyle> styleMap, Dictionary<short, short> paletteMap, Boolean keepFormulas)
{
if (styleMap != null)
{
if (oldCell.CellStyle != null)
{
if (oldCell.Sheet.Workbook == newCell.Sheet.Workbook)
{
newCell.CellStyle = oldCell.CellStyle;
}
else
{
int styleHashCode = oldCell.CellStyle.GetHashCode();
if (styleMap.ContainsKey(styleHashCode))
{
newCell.CellStyle = styleMap[styleHashCode];
}
else
{
HSSFCellStyle newCellStyle = (HSSFCellStyle)newCell.Sheet.Workbook.CreateCellStyle();
newCellStyle.CloneStyleFrom(oldCell.CellStyle);
RemapCellStyle(newCellStyle, paletteMap); //Clone copies as-is, we need to remap colors manually
newCell.CellStyle = newCellStyle;
//Clone of cell style always clones the font. This makes my life easier
IFont theFont = newCellStyle.GetFont(newCell.Sheet.Workbook);
if (theFont.Color > 0 && paletteMap.ContainsKey(theFont.Color))
{
theFont.Color = paletteMap[theFont.Color]; //Remap font color
}
styleMap.Add(styleHashCode, newCellStyle);
}
}
}
else
{
newCell.CellStyle = null;
}
}
switch (oldCell.CellType)
{
case CellType.String:
HSSFRichTextString rts= oldCell.RichStringCellValue as HSSFRichTextString;
newCell.SetCellValue(rts);
if(rts!=null)
{
for (int j = 0; j < rts.NumFormattingRuns; j++)
{
short fontIndex = rts.GetFontOfFormattingRun(j);
int startIndex = rts.GetIndexOfFormattingRun(j);
int endIndex = 0;
if (j + 1 == rts.NumFormattingRuns)
{
endIndex = rts.Length;
}
else
{
endIndex = rts.GetIndexOfFormattingRun(j+1);
}
FontRecord fr = newCell.BoundWorkbook.CreateNewFont();
fr.CloneStyleFrom(oldCell.BoundWorkbook.GetFontRecordAt(fontIndex));
HSSFFont font = new HSSFFont((short)(newCell.BoundWorkbook.GetFontIndex(fr)), fr);
newCell.RichStringCellValue.ApplyFont(startIndex,endIndex, font);
}
}
break;
case CellType.Numeric:
newCell.SetCellValue(oldCell.NumericCellValue);
break;
case CellType.Blank:
newCell.SetCellType(CellType.Blank);
break;
case CellType.Boolean:
newCell.SetCellValue(oldCell.BooleanCellValue);
break;
case CellType.Error:
newCell.SetCellValue(oldCell.ErrorCellValue);
break;
case CellType.Formula:
if (keepFormulas)
{
newCell.SetCellType(CellType.Formula);
newCell.CellFormula = oldCell.CellFormula;
}
else
{
try
{
newCell.SetCellType(CellType.Numeric);
newCell.SetCellValue(oldCell.NumericCellValue);
}
catch (Exception)
{
newCell.SetCellType(CellType.String);
newCell.SetCellValue(oldCell.ToString());
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Take a cell, and align it.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cell">the cell to Set the alignment for</param>
/// <param name="workbook">The workbook that is being worked with.</param>
/// <param name="align">the column alignment to use.</param>
public static void SetAlignment(ICell cell, HSSFWorkbook workbook, short align)
{
SetCellStyleProperty(cell, workbook, ALIGNMENT, align);
}
/// <summary>
/// Take a cell, and apply a font to it
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cell">the cell to Set the alignment for</param>
/// <param name="workbook">The workbook that is being worked with.</param>
/// <param name="font">The HSSFFont that you want to Set...</param>
public static void SetFont(ICell cell, HSSFWorkbook workbook, HSSFFont font)
{
SetCellStyleProperty(cell, workbook, FONT, font);
}
private static bool CompareHashTableKeyValueIsEqual(Hashtable a, Hashtable b)
{
foreach (DictionaryEntry a_entry in a)
{
foreach (DictionaryEntry b_entry in b)
{
if (a_entry.Key.ToString() == b_entry.Key.ToString())
{
if ((a_entry.Value is short && b_entry.Value is short
&& (short)a_entry.Value != (short)b_entry.Value) ||
(a_entry.Value is bool && b_entry.Value is bool
&& (bool)a_entry.Value != (bool)b_entry.Value))
{
return false;
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* This method attempt to find an already existing HSSFCellStyle that matches
* what you want the style to be. If it does not find the style, then it
* Creates a new one. If it does Create a new one, then it applies the
* propertyName and propertyValue to the style. This is necessary because
* Excel has an upper limit on the number of Styles that it supports.
*
*@param workbook The workbook that is being worked with.
*@param propertyName The name of the property that is to be
* changed.
*@param propertyValue The value of the property that is to be
* changed.
*@param cell The cell that needs it's style changes
*@exception NestableException Thrown if an error happens.
*/
public static void SetCellStyleProperty(ICell cell, HSSFWorkbook workbook, String propertyName, Object propertyValue)
{
ICellStyle originalStyle = cell.CellStyle;
ICellStyle newStyle = null;
Hashtable values = GetFormatProperties(originalStyle);
values[propertyName] = propertyValue;
// index seems like what index the cellstyle is in the list of styles for a workbook.
// not good to compare on!
short numberCellStyles = workbook.NumCellStyles;
for (short i = 0; i < numberCellStyles; i++)
{
ICellStyle wbStyle = workbook.GetCellStyleAt(i);
Hashtable wbStyleMap = GetFormatProperties(wbStyle);
// if (wbStyleMap.Equals(values))
if (CompareHashTableKeyValueIsEqual(wbStyleMap, values))
{
newStyle = wbStyle;
break;
}
}
if (newStyle == null)
{
newStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
SetFormatProperties(newStyle, workbook, values);
}
cell.CellStyle = (newStyle);
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns a map containing the format properties of the given cell style.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="style">cell style</param>
/// <returns>map of format properties (String -> Object)</returns>
private static Hashtable GetFormatProperties(ICellStyle style)
{
Hashtable properties = new Hashtable();
PutShort(properties, ALIGNMENT, (short)style.Alignment);
PutShort(properties, BORDER_BOTTOM, (short)style.BorderBottom);
PutShort(properties, BORDER_LEFT, (short)style.BorderLeft);
PutShort(properties, BORDER_RIGHT, (short)style.BorderRight);
PutShort(properties, BORDER_TOP, (short)style.BorderTop);
PutShort(properties, BOTTOM_BORDER_COLOR, style.BottomBorderColor);
PutShort(properties, DATA_FORMAT, style.DataFormat);
PutShort(properties, FILL_BACKGROUND_COLOR, style.FillBackgroundColor);
PutShort(properties, FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR, style.FillForegroundColor);
PutShort(properties, FILL_PATTERN, (short)style.FillPattern);
PutShort(properties, FONT, style.FontIndex);
PutBoolean(properties, HIDDEN, style.IsHidden);
PutShort(properties, INDENTION, style.Indention);
PutShort(properties, LEFT_BORDER_COLOR, style.LeftBorderColor);
PutBoolean(properties, LOCKED, style.IsLocked);
PutShort(properties, RIGHT_BORDER_COLOR, style.RightBorderColor);
PutShort(properties, ROTATION, style.Rotation);
PutShort(properties, TOP_BORDER_COLOR, style.TopBorderColor);
PutShort(properties, VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT, (short)style.VerticalAlignment);
PutBoolean(properties, WRAP_TEXT, style.WrapText);
return properties;
}
/// <summary>
/// Sets the format properties of the given style based on the given map.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="style">The cell style</param>
/// <param name="workbook">The parent workbook.</param>
/// <param name="properties">The map of format properties (String -> Object).</param>
private static void SetFormatProperties(
ICellStyle style, HSSFWorkbook workbook, Hashtable properties)
{
style.Alignment = (HorizontalAlignment)GetShort(properties, ALIGNMENT);
style.BorderBottom = (BorderStyle)GetShort(properties, BORDER_BOTTOM);
style.BorderLeft = (BorderStyle)GetShort(properties, BORDER_LEFT);
style.BorderRight = (BorderStyle)GetShort(properties, BORDER_RIGHT);
style.BorderTop = (BorderStyle)GetShort(properties, BORDER_TOP);
style.BottomBorderColor = (GetShort(properties, BOTTOM_BORDER_COLOR));
style.DataFormat = (GetShort(properties, DATA_FORMAT));
style.FillBackgroundColor = (GetShort(properties, FILL_BACKGROUND_COLOR));
style.FillForegroundColor = (GetShort(properties, FILL_FOREGROUND_COLOR));
style.FillPattern = (FillPattern)GetShort(properties, FILL_PATTERN);
style.SetFont(workbook.GetFontAt(GetShort(properties, FONT)));
style.IsHidden = (GetBoolean(properties, HIDDEN));
style.Indention = (GetShort(properties, INDENTION));
style.LeftBorderColor = (GetShort(properties, LEFT_BORDER_COLOR));
style.IsLocked = (GetBoolean(properties, LOCKED));
style.RightBorderColor = (GetShort(properties, RIGHT_BORDER_COLOR));
style.Rotation = (GetShort(properties, ROTATION));
style.TopBorderColor = (GetShort(properties, TOP_BORDER_COLOR));
style.VerticalAlignment = (VerticalAlignment)GetShort(properties, VERTICAL_ALIGNMENT);
style.WrapText = (GetBoolean(properties, WRAP_TEXT));
}
/// <summary>
/// Utility method that returns the named short value form the given map.
/// Returns zero if the property does not exist, or is not a {@link Short}.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties">The map of named properties (String -> Object)</param>
/// <param name="name">The property name.</param>
/// <returns>property value, or zero</returns>
private static short GetShort(Hashtable properties, String name)
{
Object value = properties[name];
if (value is short)
{
return (short)value;
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Utility method that returns the named boolean value form the given map.
/// Returns false if the property does not exist, or is not a {@link Boolean}.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties">map of properties (String -> Object)</param>
/// <param name="name">The property name.</param>
/// <returns>property value, or false</returns>
private static bool GetBoolean(Hashtable properties, String name)
{
Object value = properties[name];
if (value is Boolean)
{
return ((Boolean)value);
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Utility method that Puts the named short value to the given map.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties">The map of properties (String -> Object).</param>
/// <param name="name">The property name.</param>
/// <param name="value">The property value.</param>
private static void PutShort(Hashtable properties, String name, short value)
{
properties[name] = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Utility method that Puts the named boolean value to the given map.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties">map of properties (String -> Object)</param>
/// <param name="name">property name</param>
/// <param name="value">property value</param>
private static void PutBoolean(Hashtable properties, String name, bool value)
{
properties[name] = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Looks for text in the cell that should be unicode, like alpha; and provides the
/// unicode version of it.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cell">The cell to check for unicode values</param>
/// <returns>transalted to unicode</returns>
public static ICell TranslateUnicodeValues(ICell cell)
{
String s = cell.RichStringCellValue.String;
bool foundUnicode = false;
String lowerCaseStr = s.ToLower();
for (int i = 0; i < unicodeMappings.Length; i++)
{
UnicodeMapping entry = unicodeMappings[i];
String key = entry.entityName;
if (lowerCaseStr.IndexOf(key, StringComparison.Ordinal) != -1)
{
s = s.Replace(key, entry.resolvedValue);
foundUnicode = true;
}
}
if (foundUnicode)
{
cell.SetCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(s));
}
return cell;
}
private static UnicodeMapping um(String entityName, String resolvedValue)
{
return new UnicodeMapping(entityName, resolvedValue);
}
}
}
``` |
Kitsune Bakuchi is a dice game from Japan in which a player tries to roll three dice with the same number on them. If the player succeeds, he or she wins four times the amount wagered. The term literally means "fox gambling."
There are six winning throws out of 216 total possible throws, so the winning probability is 6/216 = 1/36. Thus fair Kitsune Bakuchi (zero house edge) gives out winnings of 36 times the winning player's bet.
Sources
Notes, page 167. Kokichi, Katsu. Musui's Story: The Autobiography of a Tokugawa Samurai. Translated: Craig, Teruko. Arizona press: 1988.
Dice games
Japanese games |
The Irish military diaspora refers to the many people of either Irish birth or extraction (see Irish diaspora) who have served in overseas military forces, regardless of rank, duration of service, or success.
Many overseas military units were primarily made up of Irishmen (or members of the Irish military diaspora) and had the word 'Irish', an Irish place name or an Irish person in the unit's name. 'Irish' named military units took part in numerous conflicts throughout world history. The first military unit of this kind was in the Spanish Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch. A notable example is that of Owen Roe O'Neill.
Australia and New Zealand
The British colonies of Australia and New Zealand suffered a series of 'war scares' during the 19th century from perceived threats from France and Russia. In 1870, when the last British troops left, defence became the responsibility of locally raised colonial forces.
New Zealand
Among the British fencibles (British army soldiers given land) in 1847 many of them were Irishmen. The first Irish unit formed was in New Zealand - the Christchurch Royal Irish Rifle Volunteers were gazetted on 18 November 1868, re-designated No. 2 (Royal Irish) Company Christchurch R.V. on 4 April 1871, and then disbanded on 11 August 1874.
On 29 April 1885, a meeting was held in Christchurch, New Zealand and 95 members of the Irish community applied to form an Irish volunteer corps. That was accepted on 30 April 1885 as the Canterbury Irish Rifle Volunteers.
On 1 June 1892, they were amalgamated with the Sydenham R.V. to form the Christchurch City R.V., gazetted 22 July 1892.
New Zealand's Dunedin Irish R.V. were formed on 7 May 1885, when 189 men offered their services. The Dunedin Irish R.V. became part of the 1st Battalion Otago R.V. on 25 January 1886 and were disbanded on 13 September 1893.
One other Irish Corps was to be formed in the South Island of New Zealand, the Southland Irish R.V., were formed at Invercargill and accepted 10 June 1885 as an Honorary Corps. On 7 August 1885, it applied to be formed into a Garrison Corps and then disbanded on 9 July 1886.
Another N.Z. Irish corps was proposed during a 'war scare' in 1885, the Temuka Irish Rifles, on 13 June 1885, but the proposal was abandoned when the government deemed it improbable that hostilities would ensue.
Another Irish corps was proposed on 3 April 1887 and was accepted on 24 June as the Auckland Royal Irish R. V. On 13 August 1887, they were posted to the 3rd Battalion Auckland R.V. When inspected on 6 October 1889, they had a total strength of 93 officers and men and they were disbanded on 5 March 1892.
The last Irish Corps to be formed in New Zealand was the Irish R.V. (Wanganui), accepted 22 October 1901. They were attached to the 2nd Battalion Wellington (West Coast) R.V. and 'J' Company, formed 16 April 1902, becoming 'I' Company on 1 November 1904.
The N.Z. Defence Act of 1911 saw an end to the volunteer system, the Wanganui Irish (by then 'H' Company) were absorbed into the new territorial system when the 2nd Battalion Wellington (West Coast) R.V. were re-designated, 7th Regiment (Wellington West Coast Rifles) on 17 March 1911.
An Irish Caubeen was worn by the Nelson, Marlborough, and West Coast Regiment, which came about after a regimental alliance with the Royal Irish Fusiliers, which took place on 23 September 1949. The blue caubeen and green hackle of the Royal Irish Fusiliers were formally presented to the NMWC Regiment at a Barrosa Day parade in 1961 but may have been worn on special anniversaries and parades before that. On 24 January 1964, the Ist Battalion Nelson, Marlborough, and West Coast Regiment amalgamated into the 2nd Battalion (Canterbury, Nelson, Marlborough, West Coast) Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment. N.Z. Army Headquarters ruled that only "A" and "B" Companies of the new regiment were to wear the caubeen and hackle on dates significant to the regiment. That was found to be unworkable and so the caubeen and hackle were not worn until 1968 when the ruling was changed. Only officers and warrant officers seem to have worn the caubeen during formal parades, and the RNZIR cedar green beret was worn for everyday use. By the early 1990s. all ranks were wearing the caubeen and hackle. On the formation of the Royal Irish Rangers in 1969, the green caubeen of the Irish Rangers was adopted by the New Zealanders. The 2RNZIR discontinued wearing the caubeen in the 1990s due to financial constraints, and it was replaced by the cedar green beret. In November 1998, the NZ mounted rifles "lemon-squeezer" hat was introduced army-wide and was worn for formal parades, while the beret was worn for everyday use. In 1999, the rifle green beret was adopted for the New Zealand army and was phased-in in late 2002. The 2nd (Canterbury, Nelson, Marlborough, West Coast) Battalion Group, as the unit was known then, wore the green hackle on the left side of the mounted rifle hat. That was to signify the continued association with the Royal Irish Regiment.
Australia (pre-Federation)
Queensland
An offer to form an Irish Corps in the British colony of Queensland, Australia, had been rejected in 1862.
Eighteen years after the formation of the first Irish Corps in New Zealand, a Queensland Irish Volunteer Corps were proposed on 18 February 1887 and gazetted on 24 February 1887 as 'A' Company Queensland Irish Rifle Corps.
Established at Peel Street, South Brisbane with three officers and 100 other ranks, 'B' and 'C' companies quickly followed, formed on 11 March 1887 at Valley, North Brisbane and on 22 March 1887 at Petrie Terrace, West Brisbane.
'D' Company was formed at Gympie on 14 November 1888 with an establishment of three officers and 90 other ranks. The application to form this unit had been submitted on 27 May 1887. The application to form a company at Ipswich was submitted on 26 August 1889. They were gazetted on 4 September 1889 as 'E' Company and had a strength of three officers and 90 other ranks.
Gazetted the same day were 'F' Company established at Woolloongabba, East Brisbane, with three officers and 90 other ranks.
The final company raised was 'G' Company at Maryborough and again with three officers and 90 other ranks, on 4 December 1889.
An application in March 1887, signed by over 100 men willing to form an Irish Corps at Rockhampton came to nothing.
'G' Company at Maryborough was the first to disband on 6 August 1891, followed by 'D' Company at Gympie on 7 November 1894.
In a re-organisation during 1896, the Queensland Irish Volunteer Corps were designated 3rd (Queensland Irish) Battalion, Regiment of Queensland Rifles and 'A', 'B', 'C', 'E' and 'F' companies became 'I' ,'J', 'K', 'M', and 'N' companies. On 30 July 1897, 'I', 'K', and 'M' Companies were disbanded; 'L' and 'N' companies were disbanded by August the following year, and this brought to an end the Volunteer Corps in Queensland.
New South Wales
In November 1895, a meeting was held in Sydney Town Hall when it was decided to form an Irish Rifle Corps.
These companies were established and gazetted on 5 March 1896, as the New South Wales Irish Rifles. They were grouped together with St George Rifles and the Scottish Rifles to form an administrative regiment, designated the 5th (Union Volunteer) New South Wales Infantry Regiment on 20 June 1896. Another Irish company was formed in Sydney in 1998.
http://www.planetfigure.com/threads/australia-nsw-irish-rifle-regiment-1900.79431/
NSW Irish Rifles – belt-buckle
http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-conflicts-periods/other/irish_rifle.htm
On 1 July 1899, these national companies split to form their own distinct regiments, and the Irish were re-designated as the 8th Union Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Irish Rifles).
Badges of the 8th Union Volunteers Infantry Regiment (Irish Rifles)
https://harrowercollection.com.au/33rd-infantry-regiment/
For administrative purposes, two non-Irish companies from the Illawarra district (one at Kogarah and one at Bulli) were attached.
A further Irish Company was formed at Newcastle, the men being sworn in during June 1900.
Twenty-three men of the 8th (Irish Rifles) fought in the Boer War.
The 8th Union Volunteers Infantry Regiment (Irish Rifles) was re-designated NSW Irish Rifle Regiment (Volunteers) in 1903, and then became the 1st Battalion NSW Irish Rifle Regiment in 1908.
A major re-organisation in 1912 saw the name change to 33rd Infantry Regiment and, in yet another re-organisation in 1918, changed to the 55th Battalion.
In 1927 the old NSW Irish Rifles title was revived. The 'Irish connection' finally came to an end in 1930, when the regiment was re-designated as the NSW Rifle Regiment.
NSW Irish Rifles
('Vice Regal' cigarette-card)
https://sites.google.com/site/irishregimentsoftheempire/australia-and-new-zealand
New South Wales Irish Rifles - hat badge variations
https://sites.google.com/site/irishregimentsoftheempire/australia-and-new-
South Australia
The South Australian Register, dated 13 February 1900, carried the following public notice: "A meeting of all interested in the formation of an Irish Rifle Corps will be held on Tuesday 20 February at 8pm in the town hall."
Afterwards 157 names of volunteers were taken, and after selection, were to become 'F' (Irish) Company, 1st Battalion Adelaide Rifles. At the formation of the Irish Company, it was suggested that a green uniform be worn, but no distinctive uniform was adopted. although a shamrock worked from black braid was worn on the uniform sleeves, and hand-engraved brass harp collar badges were worn. They were worn until January 1910, when the company was ordered to discontinue wearing them, which they did under protest. That was done to secure uniformity of dress with the other companies in the 10th AIR. A green stripe an inch wide was also approved to be worn on the trouser seams, but was later disallowed.
Victoria
Attempts had been made to form other Irish Corps. A five hundred strong Irish Australian Volunteer Corps was proposed in Melbourne Victoria in April 1885. A number of meetings were held at St. Patrick's Cathedral Hall.
Australia (post-Federation)
With the formation of the Australian Commonwealth military forces in 1903, the Adelaide Rifles became part of the newly formed 10th Australian Infantry Regiment. That had been the last Irish unit to be formed in Australia.
Steps were also taken in May 1901 and May 1910, to form an Irish Australian Regiment in Melbourne, and again in 1941. An Irish Volunteer Corps was proposed at a meeting held in the dining rooms of the Shamrock Hotel, in Perth Western Australia on 18 April 1900. Another Irish corps was proposed in Perth in 1904. An Irish regiment was suggested at Bendigo Victoria in April 1906, and a company of Irish Rifles was considered at Broken Hill NSW in April 1910. An Irish corps was also proposed in Queensland, as part of the 9th Australian Infantry Regiment (Moreton) in 1906. Committees were often appointed, but the corps were never formed.
The 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (4 RAR); an infantry battalion formed on 1 February 1964, and renamed the 2nd Commando Regiment on 19 June 2009. 4 R.A.R. is affiliated with Britain's 4th Regiment of Foot Guards (The Irish Guards). The 4 R.A.R. regimental band use the same uniform as the Pipes and Drums of the Irish Guards. The 4 R.A.R. battalion subsequently served in Malaysia as part of the Far East Strategic Reserve from August 1965 to September 1967, and seeing active service in Borneo against the Indonesian army during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. The battalion began its first 12-month tour of Vietnam on 1 June 1968, returning to Vietnam for its second tour in May 1971. From 1990 to 1993 many individual soldiers from the battalion served with the United Nations in Cambodia. In 1993, soldiers from the battalion were detached for operational service in Somalia. In May 1993, the battalion deployed troops to Cambodia. In 1994, the battalion deployed Rwanda. In 1996, a decision was made to convert 4 RAR to a special forces unit. On 1 February 1997, was renamed to 4 RAR (Commando). The unit conducted operations in East Timor and Iraq, and later lost soldiers killed-in-action during the war in Afghanistan.
2/4 RAR Irish Pipes and Drums https://24rarassociation.com/?page_id=1076 (see image 66)
Austria and Austria-Hungary
The Habsburgs were the principal employers of Irish soldiers in Central Europe. The multinational nature of the empire meant that gifted foreigners were always welcome and had opportunities not available in other Eastern and Central European countries. By one estimation, over 100 Irishmen were field marshals, generals, or admirals in the Austrian Army, with a corresponding number of men holding commissions in the lower ranks. The first Irishman of note to serve the Habsburgs was Colonel Richard Walsh of Carrickmines, Dublin, who was mortally wounded at the Battle of Lützen. His son Oliver became a Major-General. In all, eleven members of this family were field marshals or generals, the most notable being George Olivier, count of Wallis.
Many Irishmen were Inhaber and held rank as regimental colonels. Jacob Butler is the first of these. A Walter Butler was an Inhaber of a dragoon regiment and received praise for his role in the defence of Frankfurt an der Oder. Butler was responsible for the assassination of the Bohemian general Albrecht von Wallenstein, who was in the process of defecting to the Swedes.
Another Irishman to serve as field marshal was Francis Taaffe, 3rd Earl of Carlingford. While attending the Jesuit college at Olomouc, he came to know Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, and this benefited his career greatly. He played a prominent role in saving Vienna in 1683 and in the subsequent conflict with the Turks. He later became a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece and served Charles V as his prime minister.
Baron Dermot Kavanagh († 1739) of Ballyane, County Wexford, served from his youth in the Imperial Army and took part in campaigns in Hungary, Italy and Flanders. At the imperial and royal court of Vienna he held the office of Kämmerer. In 1723 he bought the manor of Hauskirchen in Lower Austria from Prince Joseph von Liechtenstein. From 1727 to 1734 he commanded the Czech Dragoon Regiment No. 7 while holding the rank of colonel. In 1734 he was promoted to Generalfeldwachtmeister and the following year Kavanagh rose to the rank of lieutenant field marshal. He died in 1739 of wounds received during the siege of Belgrade. Kavanagh and his wife Felicitas are commemorated by a monument with an inscription in the parish church of St Lawrence at Hauskirchen, which names him in Latin as Dermitius Freiherr von Kavanagh.
Maximilian Ulysses Browne was of the first generation born in Austria but was from a prominent Limerick family. Through his mother, he was descended from the FitzGeralds, Earls of Desmond. Browne was a major-general by the age of 30. He rose to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall and died leading his men into battle during the Battle of Prague. Browne was a kinsman and mentor to Franz Moritz von Lacy (son of Peter Lacy) who rose to be president of the Hofkriegsrat from 1766 to 1774. Other famous Irish-Austrian generals included William O'Kelly from Aughrim in Co. Galway; John Sigismund Maguire of Co. Kerry, who captured Dresden in 1758 and successfully defended it against Frederick the Great, who mentioned him on a number of occasions; and General Karl O'Donnell, was known for his exceptional conduct at the Battle of Torgau. Meanwhile, Colonel Hume Caldwell of Co. Fermanagh was noted for his conduct at Breslau and Olmütz, where he perished. Unusually, Caldwell was of Protestant origin. Field Marshal Laval Nugent von Westmeath was prominent during the Napoleonic Wars and was most noted for his role in the capture of Rome in 1815. In recognition of this, Pope Pius VI made him a prince in 1816. There were no Irish regiments in the Austrian Army with influence confined to nobility serving as officers.
notable commanders
Major Peter Martyn
Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy
Andreas Graf O'Reilly von Ballinlough
Maximilian Ulysses Graf von Browne
George Olivier, count of Wallis
Francis Taaffe, 3rd Earl of Carlingford
Laval Graf Nugent von Westmeath
Maximilian Graf O'Donnell von Tyrconnell
Karl O'Donnell
Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield
General Thomas Brady
Captain Art O' Laoghaire
Great Britain
A significant number of Irish people, of all backgrounds, have served in the forces of the British Crown over the centuries. By the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, well over one-third of the military forces of the British Army consisted of Irishmen and Anglo-Irish, because of:-
the Kingdom of Ireland electing, from the Crown of Ireland Act 1542, to be in a personal union with:
House of Tudor
from the 1603 Union of the Crowns, with the House of Stuart, and from 1707 the Stuart Kingdom of Great Britain
from 1714 the House of Hanover
from Irish House of Commons approving the acts of Union 1800, through the partitioning Government of Ireland Act 1920, and 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland was a constituent nation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the North continuing as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
the traditions of the nobility and landed gentry, which caused them to prefer military service to a career in trade (see: Noblesse oblige)
economic necessity
ambition
family tradition
Irishmen and Anglo-Irish with notable or outstanding overseas careers included:-
Major-General John Ardagh
Admiral Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer
Rear Admiral Francis Beaufort
William Blakeney, 1st Baron Blakeney
Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Dermot Boyle
Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Bulfin
Lieutenant-General Sir William Butler
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Callaghan
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester
Major General Sir George Colley
Lieutenant-General Sir Eyre Coote
Lieutenant-general Alan Cunningham
Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
Field Marshal Sir John Dill
Major-General Beauchamp Doran
Eric Dorman-Smith
Major-General Lord Dugan
Paddy Finucane
Air Chief Marshal Sir Francis Fogarty
Field Marshal Viscount Gough
Rear-Admiral James Macnamara
Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne
Major General Sir Charles Gwynn
Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings
Tom F. Hazell
Major General Sir William Hickie
Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet
General Sir Garrett O'Moore Creagh VC
Brigadier General Richard Kane
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny
Field Marshal Lord Kitchener
Major General Louis Lipsett
Lieutenant General Henry Lyster VC
General Sir Bryan Mahon
Paddy Mayne
George McElroy
Lieutenant General Sir Charles MacMorrough Kavanagh
Field marshal Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth
Admiral Sir Edmund Nagle
George Napier
Henry Napier
General Sir William Napier
Major General Luke O'Connor VC
Major-General Sir Joseph O'Halloran
Field Marshal James O'Hara
Major General David The O'Morchoe
Admiral Sir Robert Otway
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Richards
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John de Robeck
Major General Robert Ross
Admiral Sir Francis Tottenham
Field Marshal George Wade
Admiral Sir Peter Warren
Field Marshal The Duke of Wellington
Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson MP
Field Marshal Lord Wolseley
Others were not born in Ireland, but were born into Irish families, such as:-
Field Marshal Lord French
Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke
Field Marshal Lord Alexander of Tunis
General Sir Miles Dempsey
Brigadier General George Grogan VC
Field Marshal Lord Gort VC
General Sir Charles John Stanley Gough VC
General Sir Hugh Henry Gough, VC
General Sir John Hackett
Field Marshal Lord Lambart
Lieutenant General Sir George Macdonogh
Admiral Sir Charles Madden
Colonel Henry McMahon
Field Marshal Lord Montgomery
General Sir Richard O'Connor
General Charles O'Hara
Major-General Richard Pope-Hennessy
General Sir Edward Quinan
Field Marshal Lord Roberts
Victoria Cross recipients:-
The Victoria Cross, the British Crown's highest award for military valour, has been awarded to 188 persons who were born in Ireland or had full Irish parentage. Of these thirty were awarded in the Crimean War, 52 in the Indian Mutiny, and 46 in numerous other British Empire campaigns between 1857 and 1914. In the 20th century, 37 Irish VCs were awarded in the First World War, ten in the Second World War. One has been awarded in Afghanistan in the 21st century to a Belfast-born soldier of the Parachute Regiment.
'Irish' named units of the British Army
What is now the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was founded in 1674 as "The Irish Regiment"
The Volunteers of Ireland (1777–82), were renamed the 105th Regiment of Foot
The Catholic Irish Brigade (1794-1798)
4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, amalgamated 1922.
5th Royal Irish Lancers, disbanded in 1921, reconstituted and amalgamated in 1922.
6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons
8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, amalgamated 1958.
9th Queen's Royal Lancers, amalgamated with the 12th Royal Lancers to form the 9th/12th Royal Lancers in 1960.
9th/12th Royal Lancers, amalgamated with the Queen's Royal Lancers to form the Royal Lancers, which includes the 5th Royal Irish Lancers, on 2 May 2015
5th Royal Irish Lancers are represented in the new badge for the Royal Lancers regiment by the crossed lancers and the 'red' background colour in the regiment's tactical sign and shoulder patch
Queen's Royal Irish Hussars, created 1958, amalgamated 1993.
Queen's Royal Hussars (Queen's Own & Royal Irish). created 1993.
the badge of the Queen's Royal Hussars includes an Irish harp as its centre-piece, representing the regiment's heritage from the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars
North Irish Horse
South Irish Horse
Irish Guards
Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, amalgamated 1968
Royal Irish Fusiliers, amalgamated 1968
Royal Ulster Rifles, amalgamated 1968
Royal Irish Rifles, renamed as Royal Ulster Rifles 1921.
Royal Irish Rangers, created 1968, amalgamated 1992
Royal Irish Regiment
Tyneside Irish Brigade, disbanded 1918.
London Irish Rifles, amalgamated 1992
Liverpool Irish.
Royal Irish Artillery, amalgamated 1801.
Ulster Defence Regiment, amalgamated 1992
135th (Limerick) Regiment of Foot 1796 (highest regimental number of any British line regiment.)
'Irish' named 1922 disbanded units of the British Army
Following the establishment of the independent Irish Free State in 1922, the six regiments that had their traditional recruiting grounds in the counties of the new state were all disbanded. On 12 June, five regimental Colours were laid up in a ceremony at St George's Hall, Windsor Castle, in the presence of HM King George V. (The South Irish Horse had sent a Regimental engraving because the regiment chose to have its standard remain in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin). The six regiments finally disbanded on 31 July 1922 were:
Royal Irish Regiment, disbanded 1922
Connaught Rangers, disbanded 1922
Leinster Regiment, disbanded 1922
Royal Munster Fusiliers, disbanded 1922
Royal Dublin Fusiliers, disbanded 1922
South Irish Horse, disbanded 1922
Many of the disbanded veterans were subsequently recruited into the Irish Free State's National Army at the onset of the Irish Civil War.
Canada
The Irish Regiment of Canada in the Second World War was the only Canadian Irish unit to fight in any war. It also perpetuates the active service of the 1st Canadian Machine Gun Battalion from the First World War and the indirect service of the 190th (Sportsmen) Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force, and the 208th (Canadian Irish) Battalion, CEF. Served as 1915 110th Irish Regiment; 1920 – The Irish Regiment; 1932 – The Irish Regiment of Canada; 1936 – The Irish Regiment of Canada (MG); 1940 – The Irish Regiment of Canada.
The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (Vancouver Regiment) perpetuated the First World War active service of the 29th (Vancouver) Battalion, CEF plus the indirect service of the 121st (Western Irish) Battalion, CEF and the 158th (Duke of Connaught's Own) Battalion, CEF. Served as 1913 – 11th Regiment, Irish Fusiliers of Canada; 1920 – The Irish Fusiliers of Canada; 1936 – The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (Vancouver Regiment); 1946 – 65th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Irish Fusiliers); 1958 – The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (Vancouver Regiment); 1965 – placed on the Supplementary Order of Battle; 2002 – amalgamated with The British Columbia Regiment.
The Irish Canadian Rangers perpetuated the indirect service of the 199th Battalion Duchess of Connaught's Own Irish Rangers, CEF. Served as 1914 – 55th Irish Canadian Rangers; 1920 – The Irish Canadian Rangers; 1936 – disbanded.
The 218th (Edmonton Irish Guards) Battalion, CEF lacks perpetuation. The colonel had Irish ancestry, but the largest group of its men were recent eastern European immigrants from the fringes of the Austro-Hungarian Empire who spoke Ukrainian but would have had Austrian citizenship. This combined with the 211th (Alberta Americans) Battalion, CEF, to form the 8th Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops, which served in France building and maintaining railroads.
'Irish' named units of the Canadian Army
Irish Canadian Rangers
The Irish Fusiliers of Canada (The Vancouver Regiment)
The Princess Louise Fusiliers. Although the word "Irish" does not appear in the unit name, the "PLF" are designated as an Irish regiment. The blue Caubeen is an authorized headdress, and a grey hackle (inherited from the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers) is worn with it and with the beret. Until relatively recently, officers also carried a blackthorn walking stick.
The Irish Regiment of Canada
121st (Western Irish) Battalion, CEF
199th (Duchess of Connaught's Own Irish Rangers) Battalion, CEF
208th (Canadian Irish) Battalion, CEF
218th (Edmonton Irish Guards) Battalion, CEF
France
The Irish Brigade served the Ancien Régime from 1690 to 1792.
Notable Irishmen who served in the French military include
Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta – General and President of the Third Republic
Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally – General, commander in chief of the French Armies in India
Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan (1655-1693) - General
Myles Byrne (1780-1862), Napoleon’s Irish Legion, retired under the Bourbon Restoration chef de bataillon.
Arthur Dillon (1670–1733) – General
Arthur Dillon (1750–1794) – General and Royalist, victim of the Reign of Terror in 1794.
Arthur Dillon (1834–1922)
Henry Dillon – Colonel of the Dillon Regiment and apostate.
Théobald Dillon General, murdered by his own mutinous troops in 1792 cousin of Arthur Dillon
Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke – Marshal of France
Alexandre d'Alton – General
Arthur O'Connor - General of Division under Napoleon
Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine
Edward Stack – General
Jean Louis Barthélemy O'Donnell - Comte O'Donnell
'Irish' named units of the French Army
Kingdom of France
Irish Brigade
Régiment de Albemarle (1698–1703) (renamed Régiment de Fitzgerald)
Régiment de Athlone
Régiment de Berwick (1698–1775) (to Régiment de Clare)
2nd Battalion (1703–1715) (to 1st Battalion and Régiment de Roth)
Régiment de Botagh
Régiment de Bourke (1698–1715) (renamed Régiment de Wauchop)
Régiment de Bulkeley
Régiment de Butler (1689–1690)
Régiment de Charlemont
Régiment de Clare
Régiment de Clancarty
Régiment de Dillon (1698–1733) (renamed Régiment de Lee)
Régiment de Dorrington (1698– ) (renamed Régiment de Roth)
Régiment de Dublin
Régiment de Feilding (1689–1690)
Régiment de Fitzgerald (1703–1708) (renamed Régiment de O'Donnell)
Régiment de Fitzgorman
Régiment de Galmoy (1698–1715) (to Régiment de Dillon)
Régiment de Lally
Régiment de Lee (1733– )
Régiment de Limerick
Régiment de Mountcashel (1698– ) (renamed Régiment de Lee)
Régiment de MacElligott
Régiment de O'Brien
Régiment de O'Donnell (1708–1715) (to Régiment de Clare)
Régiment de Roscommon
Régiment de Roth (or Rooth) (renamed Régiment de Walsh)
Régiment de Walsh (renamed from Régiment de Roth)
Régiment de Wauchop (1715) (to Spain)
Fitzjame's Horse
Galmoy's Horse
Kilmallock's Dragoons
O'Gara's Dragoons
Nugent's Horse (renamed Fitzjames' Horse)
Sheldon's Horse (1698– ) (renamed Nigent's Horse)
First French Empire
Irish Legion (1803–1815)
Germany
Bavaria
During the War of the Spanish Succession Irishmen formed 8% of the Bavarian officer corps. The Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian, was also governor of Spanish Netherlands and nominated Irish officers to Walloon regiments.
Unified Germany
Baron George Von Scheffler, Gardes du Corps (Prussia) 1914–18
In the First World War, Imperial Germany tried with the help of Roger Casement to recruit an "Irish Brigade" from Irish-born prisoners of war who had served in the British Army. By 1916 only 52 men had volunteered, and the plan was abandoned.
In the Second World War an even smaller number volunteered to join the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany and were trained at Friesack Camp. Separately some IRA sympathisers planned certain operations with the Abwehr that were generally unsuccessful.
India
Connaught Rangers, disbanded 1922
Leinster Regiment, disbanded 1922
Royal Dublin Fusiliers, disbanded 1922
Royal Irish Fusiliers
Royal Irish Regiment, disbanded 1922
Royal Munster Fusiliers, disbanded 1922
Latin America
Events
Spanish American wars of independence (1811–26)
Irish and German Mercenary Soldiers' Revolt – Brazil 1828
USA intervention in Mexico (1846–48)
People
William Aylmer– Aide-de-camp to Mariano Montilla in Venezuela
John Blossett- led the second British Legion to aid Simon Bolivar in the wars of independence against Spain.
William Brown (admiral) – "Father of the Argentine Navy"
Peter (Pedro) Campbell – Founder of the Uruguayan Navy (see Pedro Campbell for detailed information.)
– Commander of the Irish Legion in Venezuela and New Granada.
Antonio Donovan (1849–1897) – General in Argentina (text in Spanish)
William Ferguson (1800–1828) – Aide-de-camp to General Simon Bolívar, involved in the struggle for independence of Venezuela, New Granada and Peru. On 28 September 1828 at Santafe de Bogotá, Ferguson was mistaken by conspirators for Bolívar, and shot in the back and mortally wounded while walking down the street. Honoured with a public funeral his remains were buried at the cathedral of Bogotá, an unusual honour for a Protestant.
Che Guevara – Argentinian-Irish descent. Revolutionary in Cuba
Rupert Hand – Cavalry colonel that assassinated general José María Córdova. Governor of El Choco (Colombia)
Juan MacKenna – Founder of the Military Corps of Engineers of the Chilean Army.
Juan Garland – military engineer in the service of Spain and active in Chile.
William Lamport – nicknamed El Zorro, The Fox, due to his exploits in Mexico
Patrick Lynch – Capitán de Milicias in Río de la Plata
Estanislao Lynch – Argentine officer in the Army of the Andes
Patricio Lynch – Admiral of the Chilean navy
Joseph Mires- mathematician that founded the math Academy of Caracas (1808) as captain of the Regiment of the Queen, but soon turned to the cause of Venezuelan Patriots. As aid de camp of Marshal Antonio José de Sucre he will face battles, prison and exile until to be fired in Guayaquil, Ecuador, in 1829.
Santiago Mariño Fitzgerald – Venezuelan born of an Irish mother descent, aide de camp to Simón Bolívar in Venezuela
José Trinidad Morán- Venezuelan military man of an Irish father descent. Obtained Peruvian nationality for his services rendered in the war of independence. Participated in the liberation campaigns of Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia
John Thomond O'Brien – Aide-de-camp to general José de San Martín.
Jorge O'Brien – Captain of the Chilean Navy during the Chilean War of Independence.
Francis O'Connor – officer in the Irish Legion of Simon Bolivar, Aide de camp to Antonio Jose de Sucre in Peru, Minister of War in Bolivia.
Morgan O'Connell– Aide-de-camp to general Simon Bolivar in Venezuela
Hugh O'Conor- Military governor of northern Mexico.
Demetrio O'Daly (general) – Puerto Rican delegate to the Spanish Cortes
Juan O'Donojú - Lieutenant General in the service of Spain and last viceroy of New Spain.
Ricardo O'Donovan- officer of the peruvian army of irish ancestors who died in combat in the battle of Arica
Ambrosio O'Higgins – Colonial administrator and military governor of Chile (1788–1796), father of Bernardo O'Higgins
Bernardo O'Higgins – First Chilean head of state (Supreme Director, 1817–23), commanded the forces that won independence from Spain.
Daniel Florencio O'Leary – aide de camp to Simón Bolívar in Venezuela
Tomás O'Neille - governor of San Andres island
Sebastián Kindelán y O'Regan - governor of East Florida, Santo Domingo and Cuba.
Alexander O'Reilly – General, "Father of the Puerto Rican Militia"
Robert Otway – Materially supported the Independence of Brazil
Robert Piggot – First irish commander of 1st Venezuelan Rifles of Bolivar Army
John Riley Comandante of the Saint Patrick's Battalion in the American-Mexican War
James Rooke – at command of British Legions was seriously wounded in the Battle of Vargas Swamp (Colombia)
Arthur Sandes – Second irish commander of 1st Venezuelan Rifles of Bolivar Army
Thomas Charles Wright - Irish-born naval admiral. He was the founding-father of the Ecuadorian Navy, and a general in Bolívar's army.
James Towers English – Irish commander of British Legions forces in the Spanish American wars of independence.
Pedro Dartnell – Descendant of irish, Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army. President of the Provisional Government Junta of 1925
'Irish' named units in Latin America
1st Regiment Venezuelan Rifles – Irish regiment that took part in the Venezuelan War of Independence.
Saint Patrick's Battalion – Irish American battalion that deserted and fought for Mexico in the Mexican–American War
Papal States
The Irish that went to fight for the Papal States were not professional soldiers but an entirely voluntary force (a few were members of Cork Constabulary) that was raised with a sole purpose, to defend Pope Pius IX. By 1860 the ability of foreign countries to recruit in Ireland and Great Britain was frowned upon but still technically possible. It wouldn't be outlawed for another ten years with the Foreign Enlistment Act. Despite being promised that they would serve in a single brigade they were scattered among other brigades with men from other European Catholic countries. They were poorly clothed and equipped but fought with gallantry. The first battle they played a part in was Perugia where after most of the Papal force surrendered the Irish continued to fight. The next battle where the Irish fought was Spoleto. 300 Irish volunteers under Myles O'Reilly held off 2,500 veteran Piedmontese, including Victor Emmanuel's elite light infantry the Bersaglieri for fourteen hours including vicious hand-to-hand fighting.
The next significant engagement was the Battle of Castelfidardo where 150 Irishmen fought. The war ended shortly after this when the outnumbered and out-equipped Papal army was ordered by Pius to lay down their arms.
Apart from Myles O'Reilly this was the first military experience of Myles Keogh who later on fought with distinction during the US Civil War and after in the United States Cavalry until he fell at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876.
Portugal
Kingdom of Portugal
Marshal William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford; head of the Portuguese army from 1809 to 1820.
Russia
The most recognised and outstanding Irishman to serve in the Russian Army was Peter Lacy from Bruff, County Limerick, who died in 1751 while governor of Livonia. Lacy's daughter married another Irish man from Limerick, General George Browne who became a Russian general and their son Johann Georg von Browne also rose to the rank of general in Russia. Count John O'Rourke was a prominent military theorist during the time of Catherine the Great. O'Rourke and his brother Cornelius joined the Russian Army. Cornelius married a niece of Lacy. John O'Rourke's son Joseph Cornelius O'Rourke rose to the rank of lieutenant general during the Napoleonic period. Another prominent descendant Eduard Alexander Ladislaus Graf (Count) O'Rourke became the bishop of Gdańsk in the inter-war years and died an exile in Rome in 1943.
Field Marshal Count Peter von Lacy
Sweden
Irish military involvement in the Swedish army was neither happy nor successful. At the beginning of the seventeenth century about 6,000 men were shipped out of Ulster for the security of the plantation and sent to Sweden. They were especially unhappy fighting for a Lutheran power. Some Irish friars disguised themselves as soldiers and moved among the men encouraging them to desert to Catholic powers. The men then left Swedish service and most joined the army of Poland. After this incident Gustavus Adolphus refused to accept any large scale recruitment of Irishmen considering them untrustworthy. However a small number went to serve in the officer corps. The most prominent of these was Hugh Hamilton, 1st Viscount of Glenawly. Two of his nephews also entered Swedish service.
South Africa
Some Irish fought in British ranks in various colonial wars. Some Irish were also among the 1820 settlers, a famous example is the Rorke family whose descendants went on to set up Rorkes Drift. Battle of Rorkes Drift
Disbanded 'Irish' named units in South Africa
Cape Town Irish Volunteer Rifles
Irish Boer commandos
Irish Transvaal Brigade
2nd Irish Brigade
'Irish' named units in South Africa
South African Irish Regiment Formed in 1914
Spain
The first major military exodus of Irishmen to Spain happened after the failure of the Second Desmond Rebellion in 1583. At least 200 Irish were part of the Armada in 1588. About the same time, in 1587, 600 Irishmen under the command of Sir William Stanley sent to aid the Dutch in their war with Spain switched sides with their commander and served Spain.
The next great exodus of Irishmen to serve in the armies occurred after the Siege of Kinsale. An Irish regiment was formed in 1605 and Colonel Henry O'Neill was placed at its head. Five other Irish regiments were formed between 1632 and 1646 and were placed under the command of The Earl of Tyrconnell, Owen Roe O'Neill, Thomas Preston, Patrick FitzGerald and John Murphy. Later they were joined by Irishmen who had served in the army of Henri de Bourbon and Charles IV. The difficulties that plagued them at home were carried to the continent when O'Donnells refused to serve under O'Neills and tension existed between the Old English and the Old Irish. This was especially evident in tensions between O'Neill and Preston.
After the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland there was a fresh exodus of men which suited the English as it ensured that men of fighting age would be engaged in wars on the continent. In one incident in 1653 during the Siege of Girona (Principality of Catalonia) some of the Irish defenders deserted and joined the French under de Bellefonds. With the restoration of Charles II in 1660 most of the remaining Irish chose to return to Ireland. Two regiments remained under the command of the O'Neills and Hugh Balldearg O'Donnell.
With the War of Succession in 1701 Irish regiments were reformed mostly via France. Two dragoon regiments were formed and named after their founders, O'Mahony (1703) and Crofton (1705). Four infantry regiments were formed between 1702 and 1718 while a fifth transferred from French service in 1715. They were named:
Regimento de Infantería de Hibernia (1705– )
Regimento de Infantería de Irlanda (1702– )
Regimento de Infantería de Limerick (1718– )
Regimento de Infantería de Ultonia (Ulster) (1718– )
Regimento de Infantería de Wauchop (1715– )
Regimento de Infantería de Waterford (1718– )
There was a certain amount of reorganisation, so the Regimento de Infantería de Waterford became the second battalion of Irlanda in 1733. When Charles, Duke of Parma (future Charles II) became King of Naples and Sicily he took Regimento de Infantería de Limerick with him into Neapolitan service, where it was known as Regimento del Rey. The remaining regiments remained in Spanish service and wore red uniforms until 1802, when they changed to light blue in common with the remainder of the Spanish army.
Notable commanders
Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare
Hugh Dubh O'Neill
Shane O'Neill (son of Hugh)
Field Marshal Alejandro O'Reilly
Arturo O'Neill
Juan O'Neylle
Luis de Lacy
Juan O'Donojú
Joaquín Blake y Joyes
Ricardo Wall
Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris
Carlos Manuel O'Donnell y Anhetan
Enrique O'Donnell, Conde de La Bisbal
Joseph O'Donnell Jr.
Joseph O'Donnell Sr.
Ambrosio O'Higgins
Charles Wogan
Gonzalo O'Farrill
Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
Frank Ryan
Eoin O'Duffy
Irish Brigade (Spanish Civil War)
Irish Socialist Volunteers
United States
Irish have been fighting in the United States and British North America all the way back to the mid 1600s mostly in Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the Carolinas. Florence O’Sullivan a captain who was an early settler in South Carolina who was involved in much of the fighting against the Spanish and natives Sullivans Island.
In the 1700s Irish surnames could be found on various colonial American records especially in Provincial military units that contained large amounts of troops born in Ireland even Washington's force at the battle of fort necessity the muster roll is found online. An example being frontiersman Samuel Brady. And earlier Thomas Dongan. Irish involvement only heightened with the American revolution and later in the mid 1800s when most of the Irish immigrants came to the United States.
Hercules Mooney
Daniel Sullivan
Edward Hand
Thomas Hickey
Jeremiah O’Brien
Timothy Murphy (sniper)
John Sullivan (general) revolutionary war general
Richard Butler (general)
Stephen Watts Kearny
Thomas MacDonough
John Coffee
Presley Neville O’Bannon
Michael Corcoran, General in the Union Army
Thomas Francis Meagher
Commodore John Barry "Father of the American Navy"
Myles Walter Keogh
Edward Stack
Richard Montgomery
Philip Sheridan
James Shields (Brig. Gen. USA) Planned defeat of General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson at Kernstown in 1862
Confederate States of America
William M. Browne
Patrick Cleburne
Richard W. Dowling
Joseph Finegan
James Hagan (Confederate colonel)
Walter P. Lane
Patrick T. Moore
John Mitchel
'Irish' named units in the United States
Many of these units have their origins from the participation of Irish-Americans in the American Civil War.
Incomplete
American Revolution
Loyalists
Loyal Irish Volunteers
2nd American Regiment (Volunteers of Ireland) later the 105th Regiment of Foot (British Army)
John Connolly
American Civil War
Union Army
69th Pennsylvania Infantry (formerly 2nd California) ("The Rock of Erin")
9th Connecticut Infantry
7th Missouri Volunteer Infantry
8th Missouri Volunteer Infantry
9th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
10th Ohio Volunteer Infantry
10th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry (formerly 1st Middle Tennessee Volunteer Infantry)
23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
28th Massachusetts Infantry
30th Missouri Volunteer Infantry
35th Indiana Volunteer Infantry ("1st Irish")
37th New York Volunteer Infantry ("The Irish Rifles")
42nd New York Volunteer Infantry ("Tammany Jackson Guard")
63rd New York Volunteer Infantry
69th New York Volunteer Infantry ("Fighting 69th"). Currently an Army National Guard battalion that maintains Irish traditions
88th New York Volunteer Infantry
99th New York Volunteer Infantry
116th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
164th New York Volunteer Infantry ("Corcoran's Irish Zouaves")
Irish Brigade (US)
Confederate Army
1st Irish Battalion, Virginia Infantry Regulars
2nd Tennessee Volunteer Infantry ("Irish")
6th Louisiana Volunteer Infantry ("Irish Brigade")
9th Georgia Cavalry
10th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry ("Sons of Erin")
Louisiana Tigers
Company E, 33rd Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade ("Emerald Guards")
McMillan Guards, Company K, 24th Georgia Infantry
Jeff Davis Guard, Company F, 1st Texas Heavy Artillery
Company I, 8th Alabama Volunteer Infantry ("Emerald Guards")
Cobb's Legion (Georgia Legion)
Company D, 18th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Marmaduke's ("The Shamrock Guards")
Modern era
Admiral William M. Callaghan
Michael Mullen, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 2007-11
Martin Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 2011-15
See also
Flight of the Wild Geese
Foreign enlistment in the American Civil War
Loyalist (American Revolution)
Notes
Irish diaspora
American Civil War
American Revolutionary War
Confederate States Army soldiers
Expatriate military units and formations
Military history of the American Civil War
Social history of the American Civil War
Irish regiments of the British Army
Irish regiments of the United States Army
Irish regiments in European armies
Irish regiments in French service
War scare
Infantry |
Rho Centauri, Latinized from ρ Centauri, is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is visible to the naked eye as a blue-white hued point of light with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +3.97. The system is located approximately 276 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of around +15 km/s. It is a proper motion member of the Lower Centaurus–Crux sub-group in the Scorpius–Centaurus OB association, the nearest such association of co-moving massive stars to the Sun.
The primary component of this system is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B3 V. It is about 24 million years old with a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 147 km/s. It has 6.6 times the mass of the Sun and 3.8 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 810 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 19,500 K.
The secondary companion is 1.1 magnitudes fainter than the primary, with a projected separation of along a position angle of 19.72°, as of 2013.
References
B-type main-sequence stars
Spectroscopic binaries
Lower Centaurus Crux
Centaurus
Centauri, Rho
Durchmusterung objects
105937
059449
4638 |
Newlyn and Mousehole (Cornish: ) was an electoral division of Cornwall in the United Kingdom which returned one member to sit on Cornwall Council between 2009 and 2021. It was abolished at the 2021 local elections, being succeeded by Mousehole, Newlyn and St Buryan.
Councillors
Extent
Newlyn and Mousehole represented the villages of Mousehole and Paul, the hamlets of Sheffield, Trereife and Tredavoe, and most of Newlyn (part of which was covered by the Pezance Promenade division).
The division was nominally abolished during boundary changes at the 2013 election, but this had little effect on the ward. From 2009 to 2013, the division covered 612 hectares in total; after the boundary changes in 2013, it covered 610 hectares.
Election results
2017 election
2013 election
2009 election
References
Electoral divisions of Cornwall Council
Newlyn |
Asato may refer to:
Asatō Line, a Japanese railway line
Asato Station, a railway station in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Kadjeto-Asato, a town in the Volta Region, Ghana
People with the given name
, Japanese women's footballer
People with the surname
, Ryukyuan karateka
, Japanese novelist
Mateus Asato, is a guitarist
Olga Asato, Peruvian volleyball player
Jessica Asato, British politician
Jim Asato, American football coach
, Japanese film director
, Japanese voice actor
Japanese-language surnames
Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// Code generated by client-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
package fake
import (
v1beta1 "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/scheduling/v1beta1"
rest "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
testing "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
)
type FakeSchedulingV1beta1 struct {
*testing.Fake
}
func (c *FakeSchedulingV1beta1) PriorityClasses() v1beta1.PriorityClassInterface {
return &FakePriorityClasses{c}
}
// RESTClient returns a RESTClient that is used to communicate
// with API server by this client implementation.
func (c *FakeSchedulingV1beta1) RESTClient() rest.Interface {
var ret *rest.RESTClient
return ret
}
``` |
Progress M-20 () was a Russian unmanned Progress cargo spacecraft, which was launched in 1993 to resupply the Mir space station.
Launch
Progress M-20 launched on 11 October 1993 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. It used a Soyuz-U rocket.
Docking
Progress M-20 docked with the aft port of the Kvant-1 module of Mir on 13 October 1993 at 23:24:46 UTC, and was undocked on 21 November 1993 at 02:38:43 UTC.
Decay
It remained in orbit until 21 November 1993, when it was deorbited. The VBK-Raduga 10 capsule was jettisoned at 08:50 UTC, immediately before reentry. The mission ending occurred at 09:03 UTC, when the VBK-Raduga capsule landed across the Kazakh border from the Russian city of Orsk.
See also
1993 in spaceflight
List of Progress missions
List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir
References
Progress (spacecraft) missions
1993 in Kazakhstan
Spacecraft launched in 1993
Spacecraft which reentered in 1993
Spacecraft launched by Soyuz-U rockets |
The Motorola 68008 is an 8/32-bit microprocessor introduced by Motorola in 1982. It is a version of 1979's Motorola 68000 with an 8-bit external data bus, as well as a smaller address bus. The 68008 was available with 20 or 22 address lines (respective to 48-pin or 52-pin package) which allowed 1 MB or 4 MB address space versus the 16 MB addressable on the 68000. The 68008 was designed to work with lower cost and simpler 8-bit memory systems. Because of its smaller data bus, it was roughly half as fast as a 68000 of the same clock speed. It was still faster than competing 8-bit microprocessors, because internally the 68008 behaves identically to the 68000 and has the same microarchitecture.
Motorola ended production of the 68008 in 1996.
Details
The 68008 is an HMOS chip with about with a speed grade of . There are two versions of the chip. The original is in a 48-pin dual in-line package with a 20-bit address bus, allowing it to use up to 1 megabyte of memory. A later version is in a 52-pin plastic leaded chip carrier; this version has a 22-bit address bus and can support of RAM.
Usages
The Sinclair QL microcomputer and Luxor ABC 1600 use the 68008 as their main processor.
References
External links
A small 68008 design
Kiwi - an 68k Homebrew Computer
68k microprocessors |
A referendum on European Union membership was held in Latvia on 20 September 2003. Latvia was the last of the states which would join the EU in 2004 to hold a referendum on the issue. Just over two-thirds of voters voted Yes and Latvia joined the EU on 1 May 2004.
Background
Latvia was invited to begin negotiations to join the EU in 1999 and was formally invited to join at a summit in Copenhagen in December 2002. On 27 December 2002 the Latvian government decided to hold a referendum on 20 September 2003 on joining the EU. In May 2003 the Parliament of Latvia amended the Constitution of Latvia to allow referendums on international matters. Campaigning began on 5 May 2003.
Referendum question
The question voted on in the referendum was:
Do you support the membership of Latvia in the European Union?
Campaign
Latvia was seen as being one of the more skeptical countries on joining the European Union, but polls in the years before the referendum consistently showed an advantage for supporters of EU accession. Only one opinion poll in February 2002 showed opponents of membership in the lead. Support for membership rose during the campaign with over 50% expected to support membership as the referendum neared.
Supporters of joining the EU included the coalition government and the business community. They argued that this would give access to EU markets and development aid. They also stressed that membership would provide protection from pressure from Russia. In the last few weeks the Yes campaign launched an advertising campaign with the slogan "Don’t stay aside!”
The No campaign argued that Latvia should not surrender the sovereignty they had recently gained from the Soviet Union. They also suggested that Latvia would suffer economically as the poorest of the candidate countries. Generally opposition was higher among southeastern regions of Latvia with a large ethnic Russian population.
Results
The results saw the highest turnout of any of the Eastern European countries holding referendums in 2003 and well above the 35% required in order to make the referendum binding. The Yes vote was ahead in 30 of the 34 electoral districts with the highest Yes vote among Latvians abroad with over 90% supporting membership. The highest No vote was in the poorer east of Latvia, especially where there were significant numbers of ethnic Russians.
Reactions
The Prime Minister of Latvia, Einars Repše, celebrated the result with 2,000 young people in Riga. He put a blue EU t-shirt on and said that "Latvians understand this is a decisive moment!" The President of Latvia, Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, described the result as "wiping out forever the divisions on the map of Europe that the odious Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 placed here."
References
Latvia
Referendums in Latvia
Referendums related to European Union accession
2003 in Latvia
2003 in international relations
2003 in the European Union
Latvia and the European Union |
Elections to the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly were held on Saturday, 18 February 1995. The incumbent Labor Party, led by Rosemary Follett, was challenged by the Liberal Party, led by Kate Carnell. For the first time, candidates were elected to fill three multi-member electorates using a single transferable vote method, known as the Hare-Clark system. The result was another hung parliament. However the Liberals, with the largest representation in the 17-member unicameral Assembly, formed Government with the support of Michael Moore and Paul Osborne. Carnell was elected Chief Minister at the first sitting of the third Assembly on 9 March 1995.
This election was also the first time that the leaders of both major parties have been female at an Australian federal, state or territory election. It would also be the last time that this occurred until the 2020 Queensland state election.
Key dates
Close of party registration: 12 January 1995
Pre-election period commenced/nominations opened: 13 January 1995
Rolls closed: 20 January 1995
Nominations closed: 26 January 1995
Nominations declared/ballot paper order determined: 27 January 1995
Pre-poll voting commenced: 30 January 1995
Polling day: 18 February 1995
Poll declared: 2 March 1995
Source:
Overview
Candidates
Sitting members at the time of the election are listed in bold. Tickets that elected at least one MLA are highlighted in the relevant colour. Successful candidates are indicated by an asterisk (*).
Brindabella
Five seats were up for election.
Ginninderra
Five seats were up for election.
Molonglo
Seven seats were up for election.
Results
|}
I - Independent politician
M - Moore Independents
See also
Members of the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly, 1995–1998
First Carnell Ministry
List of Australian Capital Territory elections
References
External links
ACT Electoral Commission
ACT Legislative Assembly - List of Members (1989 - 2008)
Elections in the Australian Capital Territory
1995 elections in Australia
February 1995 events in Australia
1990s in the Australian Capital Territory |
Jens Christian Sørensen (born 20 August 1949 in Aarhus) is a Danish former sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1970s. He was eliminated in the semifinals of the K-2 1000 m event at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
References
Sports-reference.com profile
1949 births
Canoeists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Danish male canoeists
Living people
Olympic canoeists for Denmark
Sportspeople from Aarhus |
Arcadia is a coastal suburb on Magnetic Island in the City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. In the , Arcadia had a population of 248 people.
The town of Alma Bay is within the suburb ().
Geography
Arcadia is predominantly residential with around 97% of the dwellings being housing or unit type dwellings.
History
Arcadia Valley State School opened on 30 March 1975.
In the , Arcadia had a population of 248 people.
Education
There are no schools in Arcadia. The nearest primary school is in Nelly Bay on the island. The nearest secondary school is Townsville State High School in Railway Estate in the Townsville mainland.
Attractions
Arcadia is also home to Alma Bay and Geoffrey Bay, which are the Island's best known beaches. It is also home to Centaur Guest House, a World War 2 house built in memory of the hospital ship Centaur.
Arcadia is home to the famous toad racing and a small population of rock wallabies.
References
External links
Suburbs of Townsville
Magnetic Island |
The 2015 Cross River State gubernatorial election was the 9th gubernatorial election of Cross River State. Held on April 11, 2015, the People's Democratic Party nominee Benedict Ayade won the election, defeating Odey Ochicha of the All Progressives Congress.
PDP primary
PDP candidate and a serving Senator representing Cross River North Senatorial District, Benedict Ayade defeated 5 other contestants to clinch the party ticket. He won with 752 votes out of 782 votes cast to defeat his closest rival Joe Agi who received 11 votes. Former Group General Manager of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Goddy Jedy Agba received 5 votes, Francis Eworo received 5 votes, a former National Publicity Secretary of Peoples Democratic Party, Emmanuel Ibeshi and Peter Oti both received 0 votes. 831 delegates were accredited, nine votes was invalid. Before the election, the immediate past Commissioner for Works, Legor Idagbo, the immediate past Secretary to the State Government, Mike Aniah, Speaker of the Cross River State House of Assembly, Larry Odey and former Executive Secretary, National Planning Commission, Ntufam Fidelis Ugbo all stepped down for Benedict Ayade. Goddy Jedy Agba who got 5 votes, said he had earlier withdrawn from the primary because he felt that the delegates congress list was fraught with irregularities. After the primaries, Joe Agi who came second sued Benedict Ayade to the Federal High Court, Abuja. Joe Agi urged the Federal High Court, Abuja, to disqualify Benedict Ayade for allegedly falsifying his age in some declarations at the Independent National Electoral Commission. Joe Agi told the court that Benedict Ayade claimed to have been born on March 2, 1969, in INEC Form CF 001 whereas in the screening form, he wrote March 2, 1968, as his date of birth. Joe Agi also contested that Benedict Ayade was not a bonafide member of the PDP. The Federal High Court, Abuja dismissed Joe Agi's suit and said that it lacked merit and that the court lacks powers to intervene. The judge also said that the conduct of party primaries and election of candidates were purely domestic affairs of political parties and not the court own to judge. Joe Agi appealed the case at the Appeal court with suit NO. FHC/ABJ/CS/25/2015. The Appeal court upheld the judgement of the Federal High Court, Abuja and Joe Agi took the case to the Supreme court. The Supreme court dismissed the case and held that Benedict Ayade was validly nominated by the PDP as their candidate in the election. The Supreme court said that the false declaration of age against Benedict Ayade was not proven beyond reasonable doubt as required by law. About Benedict Ayade being a bona fide member of the PDP, the court held that it was solely a party issue and they would not interfere. The Court thereby dismissed the case as lacking merit.
Candidates
Benedict Ayade
Joe Agi
Goddy Jedy Agba
Francis Eworo
Emmanuel Ibeshi
Peter Oti
APC primary
APC candidate Odey Ochicha defeated 2 other contestants to clinch the party ticket. He won with 1,177 votes to defeat his closest rival Lazarus Undie, who received 168 votes. Mike Ogar received 40 votes. Vote cast was 1,394, valid votes was 1,385, invalid votes was 9 and those that abstained from voting was 119.
Candidates
Odey Ochicha
Lazarus Undie
Mike Ogar
Other governorship aspirant and party
Henrietta Henry, NNPP
Ntufam Fidelis Ugbo, LP
Okwa Philip Ogbo, ID
Results
A total of 5 candidates contested in the election. Benedict Ayade from the PDP won the election, defeating Odey Ochicha from the APC.
Aftermath
After the election, Ntufam Fidelis Ugbo from the LP challenged the outcome of the election at the Cross River State Governorship Elections Petitions Tribunal. The LP candidate told the tribunal to nullify the governorship election, stating that it was marred by irregularities. On the day of the judgement, Ntufam Fidelis Ugbo told the tribunal that he is withdrawing the case against the PDP and the winner of the election, Benedict Ayade and so it should be struck out. The court in its ruling said the case lacked merit and substance and dismissed the petition.
References
Cross River State gubernatorial elections
Cross River gubernatorial |
Robert M. Hanes House is a historic home located at Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, North Carolina. It was built in 1927, and is a -story, five bay, Georgian Revival style brick dwelling. It has a side gable roof with dormers, recessed entrance, and a one-story porch with Tuscan order columns. It is set in a landscape designed by Ellen Biddle Shipman in 1937. Also on the property is a contributing garage (1926–1927), playhouse (c. 1936), and garden house. It was built for Ralph Hanes and his wife, Dewitt Chatham Hanes.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Georgian Revival architecture in North Carolina
Houses completed in 1927
Houses in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Winston-Salem, North Carolina |
Alpine Kitchen is an oil on canvas painting by German artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, executed in 1918. It was made when the painter was temporarily living in a mountain hut in the Alps, at 1900 meters of height, above Davos. The house still exists almost in his original form. The painting came from Kirchner's estate and today belongs to the collection of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid.
History and description
The painting has a square format with the dimensions of 121.5 by 121.5 cm. It is signed, with a small signature at the bottom right that reads EL Kirchner and on the back is the name KN-Da/Ad2. In Donald E. Gordon's catalog raisonné it bears the number 518. It was exhibited in Frankfurt/Main in 1922 and in Berlin in 1926.
The paintings depicts a room with several households, in a rustic style. At the table, hunched over, sits a person who Roman Norbert Ketterer, Kirchner's estate administrator, but also Felix Krämer, assume is the artist himself working on a lithographic stone. The British art historian Peter Vergo, however, suspects that it is instead his partner Erna Schilling.
The view falls through the open door over the terrace, further over the other chalets of the Stafelalp and extends to the southwestern Tinzenhorn, which in this canvas forms the perspective vanishing point, and which often appears as a painterly motif in his Davos paintings.
Kirchner rented the small mountain hut from a local farmer and entered it for the first time in the early Summer of 1918. Much was still lacking in terms of furnishings and materials, but it was ready for artistic work. In June 1918 he wrote to his friend Henry van de Velde that "the rooms were very unusual, the cracks between the woods were stuffed with moss, and there was a 'beautiful pot-bellied stove' in the kitchen". The artist lived here in the summers of his first Davos years. After his traumatic experience at World War I, Kirchner felt healthy again and was able to paint. By the Christmas of 1918, however, he felt no longer able to continue working on the paintings he had begun.
The art historian Felix Krämer writes that in this painting, in contrast to earlier interior depictions of Kirchner where the figures "dominate their surroundings", there is a difference, because "here the space overlaps with its aligned lines and the strong luminosity of the colors the figure. (...) The room loses its protective function (...), which can be associated with the insecure psyche of the resident."
References
1918 paintings
Paintings by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
Paintings in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum |
Hemiarcha bleptodes is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Alfred Jefferis Turner in 1919. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland and New South Wales.
The wingspan is 12–14 mm. The forewings are blackish suffused and irrorated with white and with white markings. There are six dots on the costa, the three basal rather elongate and more or less produced into the disc. There is an oblique fascia from one-third of the costa to the mid-dorsum, its anterior edge twice indented, the posterior edge less defined. A postmedian central discal spot is divided by a narrow transverse septum and there is an ill-defined narrow subterminal fascia, as well as a slender interrupted submarginal line. The hindwings are pale-grey.
References
Hemiarcha
Moths described in 1919 |
Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin (, , born 1 March 1953) is an Indian politician serving as the 8th and current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. The son of the former Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi, Stalin has been the president of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party since 28 August 2018. He served as the 45th Mayor of Chennai from 1996 to 2002 and 1st Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 2009 to 2011. Stalin was placed 24th on the list of India's Most Powerful Personalities in 2022 by The Indian Express.
Early life and family
Stalin is the third son of 2nd Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and DMK Chief M. Karunanidhi, and was born to his wife, Dayalu Ammal. Stalin was born in Madras, now Chennai, on 1 March 1953. Karunanidhi was addressing a condolence meeting for Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, who died only four days after his child was born, and thus decided to name his son after Stalin.
Stalin studied at the Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School. He completed a pre-university course at Vivekananda College, and obtained a history degree from Presidency College, Chennai of University of Madras in 1973. Stalin was conferred an Honorary Doctorate by Anna University on August 1, 2009.
Stalin married Durga (alias Shantha) on August 20, 1975, and has two children.
His son is Udhayanidhi Stalin, an actor and politician. Udhayanidhi is married to Kiruthiga Udhayanidhi, an Indian Tamil film director.
His daughter is Senthamarai Sabareesan, an entrepreneur and educationist. She is the director of Sunshine Schools, Chennai. Senthamarai is married to Sabareesan Vedamurthy, an entrepreneur and political strategist.
Like his father, Stalin has publicly disclosed that he is an atheist. But he also said that he is not against any religious beliefs.
Politics
His political career began in his early teens when he started the DMK Gopalapuram Youth Wing with several friends. As a 14 year old, he campaigned for his uncle, Murasoli Maran, in the 1967 elections. In 1973, Stalin was elected to the General committee of the DMK.
He came to the limelight when he was jailed in Central Prison, Madras under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA) for protesting against the Emergency in 1976. He was beaten up in custody and a fellow DMK prisoner C. Chittibabu died of injuries and police torture while protecting him. He wrote his final year BA exams while in prison. Stalin formed the DMK youth wing. In 1982 Stalin became the youth wing secretary of DMK, a post he held for more than four decades.
Youth Wing
In 1968, Stalin started the DMK Youth Wing in Gopalapuram in a barber shop with his friends. In 1983, he transformed the Gopalapuram Youth Wing into a Statewide phenomenon and led the frontal as a Secretary, a position he held for more than four decades. During the early stages of the Youth Wing, he travelled across Tamil Nadu with other members to mentor fellow youth of the state in key areas of active politics at the grassroots level.
Member of legislative assembly
Stalin contested the Assembly polls unsuccessfully from Thousand Lights constituency in Chennai. In 1989 Stalin contested Assembly polls from Thousand Lights constituency again, and won. The DMK government got dismissed in 1991 before completing its full five-year term. In 1991, he contested for the third time from the same Assembly constituency, but lost to K. A. Krishnaswamy of the AIADMK. Again in 1996, Stalin won the election as an MLA from the Thousand Lights constituency.
In 2003, Stalin became Deputy General Secretary of the DMK.
In 2011 Stalin changed his constituency for the first time in his political career, moving from Thousand Lights to Kolathur constituency on the outskirts of Chennai city.
Mayor of Chennai
Stalin became the city's first directly elected mayor in 1996. He coined a pet project called Singara Chennai (Beautiful Chennai), lauded for improving Chennai's infrastructure. His efforts in improving city infrastructure earned him the title of Managara Thanthai (father of the city).
During his tenure as mayor, Stalin was well received by the people of Chennai. He modernized the garbage disposal system of the city of Chennai by giving priority to cleaning works. He implemented integrated development projects such as health, public construction and schools. He solved the congestion of the city of Chennai by building huge flyovers. During his first tenure, 9 major flyovers and 49 short bridges were built. He also improved the standard of Corporation Schools to be on par with private schools. In addition, parks and fountains were set up at 18 major junctions. 81 parks were cleaned and properly maintained. Saplings were planted at the Chennai Marina, the second largest beach in the world. The slaughterhouse at Perambur have been modernized to avoid polluting the environment. During his tenure, it was decided to build flyovers on 10 congested roads before the end of his term. ₹95 crores have been allocated for the construction of flyovers. However, 30% of the funds were left over when the flyovers were opened according to him. He was re-elected Mayor for the 2nd time in 2001.
However, the then Chief Minister J. Jayalalithaa enacted the Tamil Nadu Municipal Laws (Amendment) Act, in 2002, which prevents a person from holding two elected posts in the government. This law was applied retroactively to Stalin's case (he was an elected Thousand Lights MLA) in a move widely seen as aimed at removing him as Chennai's mayor. However, the Madras High Court struck down the law stating that legislative bodies were not "prevented" from making laws affecting the "substantive rights" of persons retrospectively. However, the court held that under Madras (now Chennai) City Municipal Corporation Act, 1919, a person cannot be mayor for two consecutive terms, though unlike Stalin, earlier mayors were not directly elected. MK Stalin did not appeal in the Supreme Court.
Minister
In the 2006 Assembly Elections, the DMK regained control of the state assembly, partly due to Stalin's efforts. Stalin became the Minister for Rural Development and Local Administration in the Government of Tamil Nadu and retained this office throughout his term. During his tenure, he developed his skills as an administrator, he was instrumental in the extensive spread of Women Self-Help Groups across the State by establishing 1,75,493 Women SHGs. He also established various comprehensive drinking water projects such as Hogenakkal and Ramanathapuram water schemes. In 2008, he became treasurer of DMK.
Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
On 29 May 2009, Stalin was nominated as Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu by Governor Surjit Singh Barnala. He was first Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu.
Opposition leader
During the 2016 Assembly election, Stalin went on a statewide tour titled Namakku Naame to appeal to the youth. Stalin won the Kolathur constituency and was appointed as the opposition leader. In 2017, Stalin went on another Namakku Naame tour. In 2018, his father Karunanidhi died, leaving Stalin the president of the DMK.
Secular Progressive Alliance (2019 general election – present)
Stalin formed the Secular Progressive Alliance in Tamil Nadu and led the alliance in 2019 general election in the state. The Secular Progressive Alliance won 39 out of 40 Parliament seats, and 12 out of 21 in the Assembly by-election, with 52% of the vote. It was his first victory since taking charge as DMK President.
Ondrinaivom Vaa
The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences of the lockdown inflicted immense misery and suffering on people of Tamil Nadu in 2020. Stalin and members from the DMK party undertook relief measures across Tamil Nadu from Day 1 to help those in need of basic essentials.
Owing to the scale of the suffering in the State, Stalin called upon his cadres and ministers to come together as one, and Ondrinaivom Vaa was born out of this vision. The campaign was officially launched in 20 April 2020 where he set up a helpline as a single point of contact for anyone in need in Tamil Nadu.
The Helpline received over 18 lakh calls in 40 days, and the cadres, ministers efficiently tended to the requests to ensure timely delivery of services. Stalin through 'Ondrinaivom Vaa' also launched the campaign 'Feed the Poor' where NGO partners in collaboration with the Kitchen partners served over 28 lakh cooked meals.
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
In the 2021 Assembly elections, Stalin led the campaign for the Secular Progressive Alliance. They won 159 seats out of 234, with the DMK itself winning an absolute majority with 132 seats. Stalin took his oath as chief minister on 7 May 2021 along with the rest of his cabinet.
Having taken oath amid the second wave of the pandemic, Stalin started a war room to monitor the status of beds, ambulances, and oxygen supply. He attended an SOS call of a lady, spoke with her for 30 minutes, and arranged for her a bed at a hospital. He wore a PPE suit and visited the COVID-19 patients at their wards "against advice" in Government ESI Medical College Hospital. A new economic advisory council was set up with leading economists, including Esther Duflo, Raghuram Rajan, Jean Drèze, Arvind Subramanian, and former Finance Secretary S Narayan. Tamil Nadu was branded as a state with highest novel coronavirus vaccine wastage in the previous government but the Stalin government made the state to top in the list of states with lowest COVID-19 wastage policy.
Stalin handed over appointment orders of the HR & CE Department to trained aspirants of all castes as temple priests in August 2021. Stalin quoted the reformist leader Periyar in an official release which said Periyar fought for equal rights in worship for all those who believe in God. In August 2021, Stalin ranked first among all Chief ministers of India with 42% in favour, in the "Mood of the Nation" survey done by the India Today magazine. Stalin changed the name of Sri Lankan Tamil refugee camps to called ‘rehabilitation camps' and said "They are not orphans, we are there for them".
In September 2021, he announced that Periyar's birth anniversary will be celebrated as Social Justice Day every year.
In June 2021, Stalin announced that the state law ministry will review the legal cases filed by the previous government. In September 2021, Stalin's government withdrew over 5570 legal cases filed by the previous AIADMK government from the past 10 years against the journalists and the protestors seeking the repeal of the three farm laws promulgated by the Union government, Citizenship Amendment Act, methane extraction, neutrino project, Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant and the Chennai-Salem Expressway project.
In May 2022, Stalin hailed the release of Perarivalan, convicted in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, and hugged him on his visit of gratitude at the Chennai Airport.
Committee assignments of 16th Tamil Nadu Assembly
Member (2021–23) Business Advisory Committee
Member (2021–23) Committee on Rules
Ungal Thoguthiyil Mudhalamaichar
One of the key achievements of Stalin as the Chief Minister is the 'Ungal Thoguthiyil Mudhalamaichar' (Chief Minister in your Constituency), which is a robust grievance redressal service set up to resolve petitions and problems raised by the constituents. The timely redressal system took the state by storm as over 2.30 lakh out of 4.57 lakh grievances had been addressed by Stalin in his first 100 days of taking office.
The department originated from a programme 'Ungal Thoguthiyil Stalin', which was initiated by DMK President Stalin during his election campaign. Stalin had collected grievances from the citizens and assured them that their issues would be addressed in 100 days once he took office. Experts and journalist Govi Lenin called the scheme a direct reflection of the DMK's core principle, 'Makkalidam Sel' (Go to the People) coined by the party's founding member, C. N. Annadurai.
Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam
Stalin launched the 'Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam Scheme' on 5 August 2021, to provide essential healthcare services at the doorstep of the people in Tamil Nadu. Since its launch the scheme has transformed the mode of preliminary healthcare delivery and rung in an era where essential medical services are well within the access of the poor, by delivery at their own homes.
The scheme has undertaken screening for those above 45 years of age and others with infirmities through routine door-to-door check-ups and detect non-communicable diseases that are also seen to cause sudden mortalities and impact the quality of life. The scheme will hinge on women public health workers, women health volunteers (WHVs), physiotherapists and nurses, who will provide healthcare at the doorstep.
Through the scheme, high blood pressure and diabetes, both of which go largely undetected in the villages, has been screened and monthly medicines are provided at the door-step. Similarly, physiotherapy is also given to those that are in need of care. The scheme has included screening of kidney ailments and congenital defects in children and will be followed up through hospital treatment. Stalin assured that in due course, dialysis will also be provided to those with kidney ailments through portable machines. As part of the program, a 108 ambulance for exclusive emergency response in remote tribal terrains have also been established.
Tamil Nadu's first agriculture budget
Stalin released Tamil Nadu’s first ever agricultural budget on 14 August 2021, which was dedicated to farmers protesting against the farm laws passed by the Union Government. The one of a kind budget was prepared after consulting farmers from 18 districts of the state and it predominantly aimed at increasing the cultivable land from the existing 60 percent to 75 percent. At present, about 10 lakh hectares of land is under cultivation and the agriculture budget promises to increase it to 11.75 lakh hectare.
Under the budget, the newly launched ‘Kalaignarin Anaithu Grama Orunginaindha Velan Valarchi Thittam’, has been introduced to convert wasteland into cultivable land.
Highlights
The government will distribute 76 lakh Palm seeds and 1 lakh saplings in 30 districts during the current year 2021. The Palm tree which is the state’s tree will be protected in all regards, and that it is mandatory to seek the district collector’s permission before felling any palm tree.
Distribution of Palm jaggery will be carried out through the public distribution system.
A traditional paddy varieties conservation mission will be set up in memory of Nel Jayaraman, a farmer who preserved numerous traditional rice varieties.
A separate organic farming wing will be set up under the agriculture department. Farmers who adopt organic methods of cultivation will be given input subsidies.
The government has launched ‘Millet Mission’ with special focus on low rainfall districts such as Cuddalore, Villupuram, Kallakuruchi, Vellore and Tirupathur.
Cooperative societies will procure minor millet rice and distribute it through a public distribution system in cities like Chennai and Coimbatore.
Government to pay ₹42.50 per tonne to the sugarcane farmers as an incentive during the current crushing season. A budget of ₹40 crore has been allocated to implement the scheme.
The Chief Minister’s Solar Powered Pump set Scheme has been introduced for farmers to install a total of 5,000 solar pump sets of 10 horse power capacity with 70 per cent subsidy. An allocation of ₹114.68 crore has been made for the purpose.
In addition, 1,000 farmers who own less than three acres of land will get a subsidy assistance of ₹10,000 for purchasing new motor pump sets or replacing the old inefficient ones. A budget of ₹1 crore has been allocated.
Illam Thedi Kalvi
Stalin launched the ‘Illam Thedi Kalvi’ scheme on 19 October 2021, notably India’s largest volunteer-based education program”, where over 3.3 million students across 92,000 habitations are being taught by 200,000 women volunteers for 90 minutes every day.
Domain experts and Data scientists have praised the ingenuity of the scheme stating that over 24% of the total recovery from learning loss can be attributed to the ‘Illam Thedi Kalvi’ sessions and that the recovery has been a lot more progressive among the disadvantaged group.
Innuyir Kappom - Nammai Kakkum 48
Stalin launched ‘Innuyir Kappom-Nammai Kakkum 48’ on 18 November 2021 through which the State government will bear the expenses of emergency care for accident victims for the first 48 hours. Rolling out the scheme at Stalin said that the government was paying special attention to reducing road accidents, preventing fatalities and improving road safety. The scheme is aimed at reducing deaths due to road accidents. A total of 609 hospitals including 201 government hospitals and 408 private hospitals are linked to the scheme. All persons injured in road accidents whether they are covered or not under the Chief Minister’s Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme (CMCHIS), or even those who belong to other States or countries that occur in Tamil Nadu limits would receive treatment for the first 48 hours free of charge. As many as 81 treatment packages have been identified for accident victims in the hospitals where they shall be were admitted for the first 48 hours with a ceiling of ₹1 lakh per individual. One of the key highlights of the scheme is that the government would bear the emergency treatment expenses for the first 48 hours in private hospitals, as majority of the lives could be saved if treated appropriately within 48 hours.
Chief Minister's Dashboard
Stalin launched the ‘CM Dashboard Monitoring System’ at his office. On 23 December 2021 which will enable him to track all welfare schemes, including the status of their implementation, fund allocation and the number of beneficiaries. The dashboard is set to help in proper monitoring, more efficiency, elimination of delays and prompt decision making. It will also update the Chief Minister on the water storage level in key dams, rainfall patterns, daily report on crimes, progress of housing schemes, employment trends, civil supplies in the State. The dashboard will display the status of pleas and representations made on the Chief Minister Helpline and under the ‘CM In Your Constituency’ scheme.
Naan Mudhalvan
Stalin launched the ‘Naan Mudhalvan’ scheme, on 1 March 2022, which aims to equip about 10 lakh youth across the State annually with skills that will help them realise their talents for the benefit of the country. He also launched a new portal for this scheme. The scheme aims to identify, train and offer career and academic guidance to talented students in government-run and State-aided educational institutions. It also aims to offer spoken English lessons to enable students to face interview panels successfully. The scheme will offer training capsules in coding and robotics to keep pace with technological advancements. Psychological counsellors and medical doctors will offer guidance on nutrition, physical fitness and overall development of the student’s personality.
Green Tamil Nadu Mission
Stalin launched the Green Tamil Nadu Mission on 24 September 2022, that aims at increasing the green cover in the state from 23.7% to 33% in the next ten years. The mission will facilitate tree planting initiatives, online seedlings purchase via the Green Tamil Nadu Mission portal.
Pudhumai Penn
Stalin launched the Moovalur Ramamirtham Ammaiyar Higher Education Assurance scheme titled 'Pudhumai Penn' at a function in Chennai on 5 September 2022, in the presence of Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal. The scheme was transformed from Moovalur Ramamirtham Ammaiyar Memorial Marriage Assistance Scheme to the Moovalur Ramamirtham Ammaiyar Higher Education Assurance Scheme after recognising that in higher education, the enrolment ratio of girls from government schools was quite low. During the event Kejriwal unveiled 26 schools of excellence and 15 model schools set up by the Tamil Nadu government. Under Pudhumai Penn scheme, girl students, who studied from Class V to Class XII in state government schools would be paid a monthly assistance of ₹1,000 till they complete their graduation or diploma. Through the scheme, about six lakh girls would be benefited every year. The State government allocated ₹698 crore in the 2022-23 Budget for the scheme.
Stalin also announced that 25 schools run by Municipal Corporations would be elevated as Schools of Excellence in the first phase at a cost of ₹171 crore. The classrooms in these Schools of Excellence would be modernised and art, literature, music, dance, sports among others would be promoted among students.
Chief Minister's Breakfast Scheme
Stalin launched the ‘Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme’ on 15 September 2022 to prevent hunger and nutritional deficiency in children. The scheme is set to improve the nutritional status of students, eliminate deficiencies such as malnutrition and anemia, and encourage children in poor households to attend schools.
The cause of concern for Anemia among children as a major health problem in Tamil Nadu was highlighted in the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS) (2019–21) report. Stalin’s Breakfast Scheme is set to minimise, if not eliminate, this inadequacy. The breakfast scheme will be implemented at a cost of ₹33.56 crore in more than 1,500 government-run schools across the state where over 1.14 lakh primary government school children will benefit from it. It is Stalin’s hope that the education-nutrition matrix will be an inspiring model for other states.
Governing Council on Climate Change
Stalin set up a 22-member Tamil Nadu Governing Council on Climate Change (GCCC) on 23 October 2022. Montek Singh Ahluwalia, economist; Nandan M Nilekani, co-founder and chairman of Infosys Board; Erik Solheim, Sixth Executive Director of United Nations Environment Programme; Dr Ramesh Ramachandran, founder-director of National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management; G Sundarrajan, co-ordinator of Poovulagin Nanbargal) and Nirmala Raja, Chairperson, Ramco Community Services are among the members.
The GCCC council has been formed to provide a policy directive to the Tamil Nadu Climate Change Mission, advise on climate adaptation and mitigation activities, provide guidance to the Tamil Nadu State Action Plan on climate change and guide the implementation strategy on climate action.
The terms of reference of the GCCC includes providing guidance to the Climate Change Mission and long-term climate-resilient development pathways, strategies and action plan which will help improve livelihoods, social and economic well-being and responsible environmental management.
The council will periodically monitor outcomes and deliverables based on the strategies being followed. Besides, it will give a continued and sustained push for research, collaboration, and interdisciplinary work, in close coordination with researchers and policymakers.
The council will evaluate the efficacy of existing policies on climate change and learn from sustainable practices across the country and the world for suitable adaptation. The State Environment, Climate Change and Forest Department Secretary Supriya Sahu will be the convenor of the council.
It is imperative to note that, Tamil Nadu has been spearheading several path-breaking initiatives in the field of climate change and has set up three key missions viz., Tamil Nadu Green Mission, Tamil Nadu Climate Change Mission and the Tamil Nadu Wetlands Mission.
Egalitarianism and social justice in Tamil Nadu
Stalin initiated the process to appoint persons of all castes (contrary to the hereditary Brahmin priests) as archakas (priests) for the temples in the State on 15 August 2021, and assured steps will be taken to appoint those trained by the government during the previous DMK government.
Stalin maintained that the move will fulfill the dream of former Chief Minister M Karunanidhi, and Periyar who wanted people of all castes to become temple priests. As a move seen as controversial by many, this policy however garnered him acclaim for it being the right step at a social revolution and combating discrimination at all levels.
Public image and reception
Stalin’s career in the political arena has seen its ups and downs. From a challenger to an emerging pragmatic leader, the people of Tamil Nadu have credited his administrative skills and firm rejection of sycophancy. A classic example of this is when M.K Stalin asked the Education Minister, Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhil not to print his photographs on 65 lakh bags meant for distribution among schoolchildren in the state, opting to retain pictures of his political adversaries from the previous government that had sanctioned the project.
Stalin was commended by domain experts and other ministers across the country for not using public money to enhance his popularity among the “masses”.
On September 2, 2021 the Actor turned former Union Minister K. Chiranjeevi met with Stalin to commend him on governance efficacy and said he proved his mettle in handling the grave situation of Covid-19 pandemic. The Media houses in Kerala lauded Stalin on his policies and efforts in controlling the spread of Coronavirus during the second wave, provision of free bus pass for women and ₹4,000 as a pandemic relief for ration card holders.
The Shiv Sena Parliamentarian Sanjay Raut, in his weekly column Rokthok in party mouthpiece Saamana praised Stalin’s governance style and criticized the Centre’s move to omit Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad’s picture from ICHR’s Independence day poster ‘Azadi Ke Amrit Mahotsav.’ Raut said the central government is practising the politics of revenge and should learn a lesson from Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Stalin, who allowed the distribution of 6.5 million school bags carrying photos of political rivals former chief ministers J Jayalalitha and E Palaniswami of the AIADMK, to ensure public money is not being spent on political vendetta.
Karnataka Chief Minister, Basavaraj Bommai commended Stalin's nuanced policies and continual effort in controlling the spread of covid-19 at the peak of the second wave.
Awards and accolades
Anna University conferred an honorary doctorate for Stalin for his contributions to governance and community development.
The Kentucky Colonel Award, the highest award given by the Commonwealth of Kentucky in the United States, was given to Stalin for his public service.
Stalin was also honored as Kentucky's Goodwill Ambassador. It is imperative to note that the honor was formerly bestowed to notable personalities such as, Former US Presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Ronald Reagan, Nobel laureate Winston Churchill and world-famous boxer Mohammed Ali.
The Government of Tamil Nadu on 23 Feb 2011 received the Special Award for Best State among the Largest States in India and the Diamond State Award for Best State in 3 categories namely Civil Safety, Drinking Water and Sanitation and Women's Development.
In the year 2006-2007, the Panchayat Department of Tamil Nadu won one of the top five places in India and won a cash prize of ₹86 lakh.
The Tamil Nadu Rural Development Department received the first prize of ₹1 crore cash from the Ministry of Panchayat Raj of the Central Government in the year 2007-2008.
The Tamil Nadu Municipal Department was awarded the International Certificate of ISO-9000 for the year 2008 for outstanding management skills.
The Supreme Court commended the Government of Tamil Nadu for its excellent implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Employment Guarantee Scheme and said that other states should follow Tamil Nadu's example.
Cuddalore, Sivagangai, Dindigul, Nagapattinam and Villupuram Districts were recognised by the Union Government for their outstanding implementation of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in the years 2007 -2008, 2009 – 2010 respectively.
Tamil Nadu won the most number of Nirmal Gram Awards for its exceptional role in maintaining sanitation in the villages in the state. This prestigious award was received during Stalin's tenure as Minister of Rural and Local Administrator.
Electoral performance
Filmography
Actor
Ore Raththam (1987)
Makkal Aanayittal (1988)
Kurinji Malar- TV Series (late 1988?)
Suriya — TV Series
Producer
Nambikkai Natchathram (1978)
See also
M. K. Stalin ministry
References
External links
Tamil Nadu Assembly Profile
1953 births
20th-century Indian male actors
Actors in Tamil cinema
Chief ministers from Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
Deputy Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
Indian actor-politicians
Indian atheists
Indian politicians
Indian Tamil politicians
Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)
Karunanidhi family
Leaders of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu
Living people
Mayors of Chennai
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1989–1991
Tamil Nadu MLAs 1996–2001
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2006–2011
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2011–2016
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026
Politicians from Chennai
Presidency College, Chennai alumni
University of Madras alumni
Indian Tamil people
People of the Sri Lankan Civil War
Indian Peace Keeping Force |
```c++
//
//
// path_to_url
//
#include "pxr/pxr.h"
#include "pxr/usd/usd/crateData.h"
#include "crateFile.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/bitUtils.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/mallocTag.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/ostreamMethods.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/pathUtils.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/scopeDescription.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/stringUtils.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/typeInfoMap.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/pxrTslRobinMap/robin_map.h"
#include "pxr/base/trace/trace.h"
#include "pxr/base/work/dispatcher.h"
#include "pxr/base/work/loops.h"
#include "pxr/base/work/utils.h"
#include "pxr/base/work/withScopedParallelism.h"
#include "pxr/usd/sdf/payload.h"
#include "pxr/usd/sdf/schema.h"
#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
#include <tbb/parallel_sort.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeindex>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
using std::make_pair;
using std::pair;
using std::string;
using std::unordered_map;
using std::vector;
PXR_NAMESPACE_OPEN_SCOPE
using namespace Usd_CrateFile;
static inline bool
_GetBracketingTimes(const vector<double> ×,
const double time, double* tLower, double* tUpper)
{
if (times.empty()) {
// No samples.
return false;
} else if (time <= times.front()) {
// Time is at-or-before the first sample.
*tLower = *tUpper = times.front();
} else if (time >= times.back()) {
// Time is at-or-after the last sample.
*tLower = *tUpper = times.back();
} else {
auto i = lower_bound(times.begin(), times.end(), time);
if (*i == time) {
// Time is exactly on a sample.
*tLower = *tUpper = *i;
} else {
// Time is in-between samples; return the bracketing times.
*tUpper = *i;
--i;
*tLower = *i;
}
}
return true;
}
class Usd_CrateDataImpl
{
friend class Usd_CrateData;
struct _SpecData;
public:
Usd_CrateDataImpl(bool detached)
: _lastSet(_data.end())
, _crateFile(CrateFile::CreateNew(detached)) {}
~Usd_CrateDataImpl() {
// Close file synchronously. We don't want a race condition
// on Windows due to the file being open for an indeterminate
// amount of time.
_crateFile.reset();
// Tear down asynchronously.
WorkMoveDestroyAsync(_data);
}
string const &GetAssetPath() const { return _crateFile->GetAssetPath(); }
bool Save(string const &fileName) {
TfAutoMallocTag tag("Usd_CrateDataImpl::Save");
TF_DESCRIBE_SCOPE("Saving usd binary file @%s@", fileName.c_str());
// Sort by path for better namespace-grouped data layout.
vector<SdfPath> sortedPaths;
sortedPaths.reserve(_data.size());
for (auto const &p: _data) {
sortedPaths.push_back(p.first);
}
tbb::parallel_sort(
sortedPaths.begin(), sortedPaths.end(),
[](SdfPath const &p1, SdfPath const &p2) {
// Prim paths before property paths, then property paths grouped
// by property name.
bool p1IsProperty = p1.IsPropertyPath();
bool p2IsProperty = p2.IsPropertyPath();
switch ((int)p1IsProperty + (int)p2IsProperty) {
case 1:
return !p1IsProperty;
case 2:
if (p1.GetName() != p2.GetName()) {
return p1.GetName() < p2.GetName();
}
// Intentional fall-through
default:
case 0:
return p1 < p2;
}
});
// Now pack all the specs.
if (CrateFile::Packer packer = _crateFile->StartPacking(fileName)) {
for (auto const &p: sortedPaths) {
auto iter = _data.find(p);
packer.PackSpec(
p, iter->second.specType, iter->second.fields.Get());
}
if (packer.Close()) {
return _PopulateFromCrateFile();
}
}
return false;
}
template <class ...Args>
bool Open(string const& assetPath, Args&&... args) {
TfAutoMallocTag tag("Usd_CrateDataImpl::Open");
TF_DESCRIBE_SCOPE("Opening usd binary asset @%s@", assetPath.c_str());
if (auto newData =
CrateFile::Open(assetPath, std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {
_crateFile = std::move(newData);
return _PopulateFromCrateFile();
}
return false;
}
inline bool StreamsData() const {
return _crateFile && !_crateFile->IsDetached();
}
// Return either TargetPaths or ConnectionPaths as a VtValue. If
// specTypeOut is not null, set it to SdfSpecTypeRelationship if we find
// TargetPaths, otherwise to SdfSpecTypeAttribute if we find
// ConnectionPaths, otherwise SdfSpecTypeUnknown.
inline VtValue
_GetTargetOrConnectionListOpValue(
SdfPath const &path, SdfSpecType *specTypeOut = nullptr) const {
VtValue targetPaths;
SdfSpecType specType = SdfSpecTypeUnknown;
if (path.IsPrimPropertyPath()) {
if (Has(path, SdfFieldKeys->TargetPaths, &targetPaths)) {
specType = SdfSpecTypeRelationship;
}
else if (Has(path, SdfFieldKeys->ConnectionPaths, &targetPaths)) {
specType = SdfSpecTypeAttribute;
}
if (!targetPaths.IsHolding<SdfPathListOp>()) {
specType = SdfSpecTypeUnknown;
targetPaths = VtValue();
}
}
if (specTypeOut) {
*specTypeOut = specType;
}
return targetPaths;
}
inline bool _HasTargetOrConnectionSpec(SdfPath const &path) const {
// We don't store target specs to save space, since in Usd we don't have
// any fields that may be set on them. Their presence is determined by
// whether or not they appear in their owning relationship's Added or
// Explicit items.
using std::find;
SdfPath parentPath = path.GetParentPath();
SdfPath targetPath = path.GetTargetPath();
VtValue listOpVal = _GetTargetOrConnectionListOpValue(parentPath);
if (!listOpVal.IsEmpty()) {
SdfPathListOp const &listOp =
listOpVal.UncheckedGet<SdfPathListOp>();
if (listOp.IsExplicit()) {
auto const &items = listOp.GetExplicitItems();
return find(
items.begin(), items.end(), targetPath) != items.end();
} else {
auto const &added = listOp.GetAddedItems();
auto const &prepended = listOp.GetPrependedItems();
auto const &appended = listOp.GetAppendedItems();
return find(added.begin(),
added.end(), targetPath) != added.end() ||
find(prepended.begin(),
prepended.end(), targetPath) != prepended.end() ||
find(appended.begin(),
appended.end(), targetPath) != appended.end();
}
}
return false;
}
inline bool HasSpec(const SdfPath &path) const {
if (ARCH_UNLIKELY(path.IsTargetPath())) {
return _HasTargetOrConnectionSpec(path);
}
return _GetSpecData(path) != nullptr;
}
inline void EraseSpec(const SdfPath &path) {
if (ARCH_UNLIKELY(path.IsTargetPath())) {
// Do nothing, we do not store target specs.
return;
}
_lastSet = _data.end();
TF_VERIFY(_data.erase(path), "%s", path.GetText());
}
inline void MoveSpec(const SdfPath& oldPath,
const SdfPath& newPath) {
if (ARCH_UNLIKELY(oldPath.IsTargetPath())) {
// Do nothing, we do not store target specs.
return;
}
auto oldIter = _data.find(oldPath);
if (!TF_VERIFY(oldIter != _data.end())) {
return;
}
_lastSet = _data.end();
auto tmpFields(std::move(oldIter->second));
_data.erase(oldIter);
auto iresult = _data.emplace(newPath, std::move(tmpFields));
TF_VERIFY(iresult.second);
}
inline SdfSpecType GetSpecType(const SdfPath &path) const {
if (path == SdfPath::AbsoluteRootPath()) {
return SdfSpecTypePseudoRoot;
}
if (path.IsTargetPath()) {
if (_HasTargetOrConnectionSpec(path)) {
SdfPath parentPath = path.GetParentPath();
SdfSpecType parentSpecType = GetSpecType(parentPath);
if (parentSpecType == SdfSpecTypeRelationship) {
return SdfSpecTypeRelationshipTarget;
}
else if (parentSpecType == SdfSpecTypeAttribute) {
return SdfSpecTypeConnection;
}
}
return SdfSpecTypeUnknown;
}
if (_SpecData const *specData = _GetSpecData(path)) {
return specData->specType;
}
return SdfSpecTypeUnknown;
}
inline void
CreateSpec(const SdfPath &path, SdfSpecType specType) {
if (!TF_VERIFY(specType != SdfSpecTypeUnknown)) {
return;
}
if (path.IsTargetPath()) {
// Do nothing, we do not store relationship target specs in usd.
return;
}
// Need to blow/reset the _lastSet cache here, since inserting
// into the table will invalidate existing references.
auto iter = _data.emplace(path, _SpecData()).first;
iter.value().specType = specType;
_lastSet = iter;
}
inline void _VisitSpecs(SdfAbstractData const &data,
SdfAbstractDataSpecVisitor* visitor) const {
// A helper function for spoofing target & connection spec existence --
// we don't actually store those specs since we don't support fields on
// them.
auto doTargetAndConnectionSpecs =
[this, &data, visitor](SdfPath const &path, SdfSpecType specType) {
// Spoof existence of target & connection specs.
if (specType == SdfSpecTypeAttribute ||
specType == SdfSpecTypeRelationship) {
SdfPathListOp listOp;
SdfPathVector specs;
VtValue listOpVal = _GetTargetOrConnectionListOpValue(path);
if (!listOpVal.IsEmpty()) {
SdfPathListOp const &listOp =
listOpVal.UncheckedGet<SdfPathListOp>();
if (listOp.IsExplicit()) {
specs = listOp.GetExplicitItems();
}
else {
auto const &added = listOp.GetAddedItems();
auto const &prepended = listOp.GetPrependedItems();
auto const &appended = listOp.GetAppendedItems();
specs.resize(
added.size() + prepended.size() + appended.size());
using std::copy;
copy(appended.begin(), appended.end(),
copy(prepended.begin(), prepended.end(),
copy(added.begin(), added.end(),
specs.begin())));
std::sort(specs.begin(), specs.end());
specs.erase(std::unique(specs.begin(), specs.end()),
specs.end());
}
for (auto const &p: specs) {
SdfPath tp = path.AppendTarget(p);
if (!visitor->VisitSpec(data, tp)) {
return false;
}
}
}
}
return true;
};
for (auto const &p: _data) {
if (!visitor->VisitSpec(data, p.first) ||
!doTargetAndConnectionSpecs(p.first, p.second.specType)) {
return;
}
}
}
inline bool Has(const SdfPath &path,
const TfToken &field,
SdfAbstractDataValue* value,
SdfSpecType *specType=nullptr) const {
if (VtValue const *fieldValue = _GetFieldValue(path, field, specType)) {
if (value) {
VtValue val = _DetachValue(*fieldValue);
if (field == SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples) {
// Special case, convert internal TimeSamples to
// SdfTimeSampleMap.
val = _MakeTimeSampleMap(val);
} else if (field == SdfFieldKeys->Payload) {
// Special case, the payload field is expected to be a list
// op but can be represented in crate files as a single
// SdfPayload to be compatible with older crate versions.
val = _ToPayloadListOpValue(val);
}
return value->StoreValue(std::move(val));
}
return true;
}
else if (ARCH_UNLIKELY(
field == SdfChildrenKeys->ConnectionChildren ||
field == SdfChildrenKeys->RelationshipTargetChildren)) {
return _HasConnectionOrTargetChildren(path, field, value);
}
return false;
}
inline bool Has(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken & field,
VtValue *value,
SdfSpecType *specType=nullptr) const {
// These are too expensive to do here, but could be uncommented for
// debugging & tracking down corruption.
//TF_DESCRIBE_SCOPE(GetAssetPath().c_str());
//TfScopeDescription desc2(field.GetText());
if (VtValue const *fieldValue = _GetFieldValue(path, field, specType)) {
if (value) {
*value = _DetachValue(*fieldValue);
if (field == SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples) {
// Special case, convert internal TimeSamples to
// SdfTimeSampleMap.
*value = _MakeTimeSampleMap(*value);
} else if (field == SdfFieldKeys->Payload) {
// Special case, the payload field is expected to be a list
// op but can be represented in crate files as a single
// SdfPayload to be compatible with older crate versions.
*value = _ToPayloadListOpValue(*value);
}
}
return true;
}
else if (ARCH_UNLIKELY(
field == SdfChildrenKeys->ConnectionChildren ||
field == SdfChildrenKeys->RelationshipTargetChildren)) {
return _HasConnectionOrTargetChildren(path, field, value);
}
return false;
}
bool _HasConnectionOrTargetChildren(const SdfPath &path,
const TfToken &field,
SdfAbstractDataValue *value) const {
VtValue listOpVal = _GetTargetOrConnectionListOpValue(path);
if (!listOpVal.IsEmpty()) {
if (value) {
SdfPathListOp const &plo =
listOpVal.UncheckedGet<SdfPathListOp>();
SdfPathVector paths;
plo.ApplyOperations(&paths);
value->StoreValue(paths);
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool _HasConnectionOrTargetChildren(const SdfPath &path,
const TfToken &field,
VtValue *value) const {
VtValue listOpVal = _GetTargetOrConnectionListOpValue(path);
if (!listOpVal.IsEmpty()) {
if (value) {
SdfPathListOp const &plo =
listOpVal.UncheckedGet<SdfPathListOp>();
SdfPathVector paths;
plo.ApplyOperations(&paths);
*value = paths;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
inline VtValue Get(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken & field) const {
VtValue result;
Has(path, field, &result);
return result;
}
inline std::type_info const &GetTypeid(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken& field) const {
if (VtValue const *fieldValue = _GetFieldValue(path, field)) {
return fieldValue->IsHolding<ValueRep>() ?
_crateFile->GetTypeid(fieldValue->UncheckedGet<ValueRep>()) :
fieldValue->GetTypeid();
}
return typeid(void);
}
inline vector<TfToken> List(const SdfPath& path) const {
vector<TfToken> names;
if (_SpecData const *specData = _GetSpecData(path)) {
auto const &fields = specData->fields.Get();
names.resize(fields.size());
for (size_t j=0, jEnd = fields.size(); j != jEnd; ++j) {
names[j] = fields[j].first;
}
// If 'path' is a property path, we may have to "spoof" the
// existence of connectionChildren or targetChildren.
if (path.IsPrimPropertyPath()) {
SdfSpecType specType = SdfSpecTypeUnknown;
VtValue listOpVal =
_GetTargetOrConnectionListOpValue(path, &specType);
if (specType == SdfSpecTypeRelationship) {
names.push_back(SdfChildrenKeys->RelationshipTargetChildren);
}
else if (specType == SdfSpecTypeAttribute) {
names.push_back(SdfChildrenKeys->ConnectionChildren);
}
}
}
return names;
}
inline void Set(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken& fieldName,
const VtValue& value) {
if (ARCH_UNLIKELY(value.IsEmpty())) {
Erase(path, fieldName);
return;
}
if (path.IsTargetPath()) {
TF_CODING_ERROR("Cannot set fields on relationship target or "
"attribute connection specs: "
"<%s>:%s = %s", path.GetText(),
fieldName.GetText(), TfStringify(value).c_str());
return;
}
if (_lastSet == _data.end() || _lastSet->first != path) {
auto i = _data.find(path);
if (!TF_VERIFY(
i != _data.end(),
"Tried to set field '%s' on nonexistent spec at <%s>",
path.GetText(), fieldName.GetText())) {
return;
}
_lastSet = i;
}
if (fieldName == SdfChildrenKeys->ConnectionChildren ||
fieldName == SdfChildrenKeys->RelationshipTargetChildren) {
// Silently do nothing -- we synthesize these fields from the list
// ops.
return;
}
VtValue const *valPtr = &value;
VtValue convertedVal;
if (fieldName == SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples) {
convertedVal = _Make_TimeSamples(value);
valPtr = &convertedVal;
} else if (fieldName == SdfFieldKeys->Payload) {
// Special case. Some payload list op values can be represented as
// a single SdfPayload which is compatible with crate file software
// version 0.7.0 and earlier. We always attempt to write the payload
// field as old version compatible if possible in case we need to
// write the file in a 0.7.0 compatible crate file.
convertedVal = _FromPayloadListOpValue(value);
valPtr = &convertedVal;
}
auto &spec = _lastSet.value();
spec.DetachIfNotUnique();
auto &fields = spec.fields.GetMutable();
for (size_t j=0, jEnd = fields.size(); j != jEnd; ++j) {
if (fields[j].first == fieldName) {
// Found existing field entry.
fields[j].second = *valPtr;
return;
}
}
// No existing field entry.
fields.emplace_back(fieldName, *valPtr);
}
inline void Set(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken& field,
const SdfAbstractDataConstValue& value) {
VtValue val;
TF_AXIOM(value.GetValue(&val));
return Set(path, field, val);
}
inline void Erase(const SdfPath& path, const TfToken & field) {
auto i = _data.find(path);
if (i == _data.end())
return;
auto &spec = i.value();
auto const &fields = spec.fields.Get();
for (size_t j=0, jEnd = fields.size(); j != jEnd; ++j) {
if (fields[j].first == field) {
// Detach if not unique, and remove the j'th element.
spec.DetachIfNotUnique();
auto &mutableFields = spec.fields.GetMutable();
mutableFields.erase(mutableFields.begin()+j);
return;
}
}
}
inline std::set<double>
ListAllTimeSamples() const {
auto times = _ListAllTimeSamples();
return std::set<double>(times.begin(), times.end());
}
inline std::set<double>
ListTimeSamplesForPath(const SdfPath& path) const {
auto const × = _ListTimeSamplesForPath(path);
return std::set<double>(times.begin(), times.end());
}
inline bool GetBracketingTimeSamples(
double time, double* tLower, double* tUpper) const {
return _GetBracketingTimes(_ListAllTimeSamples(), time, tLower, tUpper);
}
inline size_t
GetNumTimeSamplesForPath(const SdfPath& path) const {
return _ListTimeSamplesForPath(path).size();
}
inline bool GetBracketingTimeSamplesForPath(
const SdfPath& path,
double time, double* tLower, double* tUpper) const {
return _GetBracketingTimes(
_ListTimeSamplesForPath(path), time, tLower, tUpper);
}
inline bool QueryTimeSample(const SdfPath& path, double time,
VtValue *value) const {
// This is too expensive to do here, but could be uncommented to help
// debugging or tracking down file corruption.
//TF_DESCRIBE_SCOPE(GetAssetPath().c_str());
if (VtValue const *fieldValue =
_GetFieldValue(path, SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples)) {
if (fieldValue->IsHolding<TimeSamples>()) {
auto const &ts = fieldValue->UncheckedGet<TimeSamples>();
auto const × = ts.times.Get();
auto iter = lower_bound(times.begin(), times.end(), time);
if (iter == times.end() || *iter != time)
return false;
if (value) {
auto index = iter - times.begin();
*value = _DetachValue(
_crateFile->GetTimeSampleValue(ts, index));
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
inline bool QueryTimeSample(const SdfPath& path, double time,
SdfAbstractDataValue* value) const {
if (!value)
return QueryTimeSample(path, time, static_cast<VtValue *>(nullptr));
VtValue vtVal;
return QueryTimeSample(path, time, &vtVal) && value->StoreValue(vtVal);
}
inline void
SetTimeSample(const SdfPath& path, double time,
const VtValue & value) {
if (value.IsEmpty()) {
EraseTimeSample(path, time);
return;
}
TimeSamples newSamples;
VtValue *fieldValue =
_GetMutableFieldValue(path, SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples);
if (fieldValue && fieldValue->IsHolding<TimeSamples>()) {
fieldValue->UncheckedSwap(newSamples);
}
// Insert or overwrite time into newTimes.
auto iter = lower_bound(newSamples.times.Get().begin(),
newSamples.times.Get().end(), time);
if (iter == newSamples.times.Get().end() || *iter != time) {
auto index = iter - newSamples.times.Get().begin();
// Make the samples mutable, which may invalidate 'iter'.
_crateFile->MakeTimeSampleTimesAndValuesMutable(newSamples);
newSamples.times.GetMutable().
insert(newSamples.times.GetMutable().begin() + index, time);
newSamples.values.insert(newSamples.values.begin() + index, value);
} else {
// Make the values mutable, then modify.
_crateFile->MakeTimeSampleValuesMutable(newSamples);
newSamples.values[iter-newSamples.times.Get().begin()] = value;
}
if (fieldValue) {
fieldValue->UncheckedSwap(newSamples);
} else {
Set(path, SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples, VtValue::Take(newSamples));
}
}
inline void EraseTimeSample(const SdfPath& path, double time) {
TimeSamples newSamples;
VtValue *fieldValue =
_GetMutableFieldValue(path, SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples);
if (fieldValue && fieldValue->IsHolding<TimeSamples>()) {
fieldValue->UncheckedSwap(newSamples);
} else {
return;
}
// Insert or overwrite time into newTimes.
auto iter = lower_bound(newSamples.times.Get().begin(),
newSamples.times.Get().end(), time);
if (iter == newSamples.times.Get().end() || *iter != time)
return;
// If we're removing the last sample, remove the entire field to be
// consistent with SdfData's implementation.
if (newSamples.times.Get().size() == 1) {
Erase(path, SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples);
} else {
// Otherwise remove just the one sample.
auto index = iter-newSamples.times.Get().begin();
// Make the samples mutable, which may invalidate 'iter'.
_crateFile->MakeTimeSampleTimesAndValuesMutable(newSamples);
newSamples.times.GetMutable().erase(
newSamples.times.GetMutable().begin() + index);
newSamples.values.erase(newSamples.values.begin() + index);
fieldValue->UncheckedSwap(newSamples);
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
private:
bool _PopulateFromCrateFile() {
// Ensure we start from a clean slate.
_ClearSpecData();
TfErrorMark m;
WorkDispatcher dispatcher;
// Pull all the data out of the crate file structure that we'll
// consume.
vector<CrateFile::Spec> specs;
vector<CrateFile::Field> fields;
vector<Usd_CrateFile::FieldIndex> fieldSets;
_crateFile->RemoveStructuralData(specs, fields, fieldSets);
// Remove any target specs, we do not store target specs in Usd, but old
// files could contain them. We stopped writing target specs in version
// 0.1.0, so skip this step if the version is newer or equal to that.
if (_crateFile->GetFileVersion() < CrateFile::Version(0, 1, 0)) {
specs.erase(
remove_if(
specs.begin(), specs.end(),
[this](CrateFile::Spec const &spec) {
return _crateFile->GetPath(
spec.pathIndex).IsTargetPath();
}),
specs.end());
}
CrateFile const * const crateFile = _crateFile.get();
// Reserving the space in the _data table is pretty expensive, so start
// that upfront as a task and overlap it with building up all the live
// field sets.
dispatcher.Run([this, &specs, crateFile]() {
TfAutoMallocTag tag("Usd", "Usd_CrateDataImpl::Open",
"Usd_CrateDataImpl main hash table");
// over-reserve by 25% to help ensure no rehashes.
_data.reserve(specs.size() + (specs.size() >> 2));
// Do all the insertions first, since inserting can invalidate
// references.
for (size_t i = 0; i != specs.size(); ++i) {
_data.emplace(crateFile->GetPath(specs[i].pathIndex),
Usd_EmptySharedTag);
}
});
// XXX robin_map ?
typedef Usd_Shared<_FieldValuePairVector> SharedFieldValuePairVector;
unordered_map<
FieldSetIndex, SharedFieldValuePairVector, _Hasher> liveFieldSets;
for (auto fsBegin = fieldSets.begin(),
fsEnd = find(fsBegin, fieldSets.end(), FieldIndex());
fsBegin != fieldSets.end();
fsBegin = fsEnd + 1,
fsEnd = find(fsBegin, fieldSets.end(), FieldIndex())) {
// Add this range to liveFieldSets.
TfAutoMallocTag tag("field data");
auto &fieldValuePairs =
liveFieldSets[FieldSetIndex(fsBegin-fieldSets.begin())];
dispatcher.Run(
[this, fsBegin, fsEnd, &fields, &fieldValuePairs]() {
try{
// XXX Won't need first two tags when bug #132031 is
// addressed
TfAutoMallocTag tag(
"Usd", "Usd_CrateDataImpl::Open", "field data");
auto &pairs = fieldValuePairs.GetMutable();
pairs.resize(fsEnd-fsBegin);
for (size_t i = 0; i < size_t(std::distance(fsBegin,fsEnd)); ++i) {
auto const &field = fields[fsBegin[i].value];
pairs[i].first =
_crateFile->GetToken(field.tokenIndex);
pairs[i].second = _UnpackForField(field.valueRep);
}
} catch (const std::exception &e){
TF_RUNTIME_ERROR("Encountered exception: %s %s",
e.what(), _crateFile->GetAssetPath().c_str());
} catch (...) {
TF_RUNTIME_ERROR("Encountered unknown exception");
}
});
}
dispatcher.Wait();
if (!m.IsClean()) {
return false;
}
// Create all the specData entries and store pointers to them.
tbb::parallel_for(
tbb::blocked_range<size_t>(0, specs.size()),
[this, crateFile, &liveFieldSets, &specs](
tbb::blocked_range<size_t> const &r) {
for (size_t i = r.begin(),
end = r.end(); i != end; ++i) {
CrateFile::Spec const &spec = specs[i];
_SpecData &specData = _data.find(
crateFile->GetPath(spec.pathIndex)).value();
specData.specType = spec.specType;
specData.fields =
liveFieldSets.find(spec.fieldSetIndex)->second;
}
},
tbb::static_partitioner());
_lastSet = _data.end();
return true;
}
inline VtValue _UnpackForField(ValueRep rep) const {
VtValue ret;
if (rep.IsInlined() ||
rep.GetType() == TypeEnum::TimeSamples ||
rep.GetType() == TypeEnum::TokenVector) {
ret = _crateFile->UnpackValue(rep);
} else {
ret = rep;
}
return ret;
}
inline std::vector<double> const &
_ListTimeSamplesForPath(const SdfPath &path) const {
TF_DESCRIBE_SCOPE(GetAssetPath().c_str());
if (const VtValue* fieldValue =
_GetFieldValue(path, SdfDataTokens->TimeSamples)) {
if (fieldValue->IsHolding<TimeSamples>()) {
return fieldValue->UncheckedGet<TimeSamples>().times.Get();
}
}
static std::vector<double> empty;
return empty;
}
inline vector<double> _ListAllTimeSamples() const {
vector<double> allTimes, tmp;
for (auto const &p: _data) {
tmp.swap(allTimes);
allTimes.clear();
auto const × = _ListTimeSamplesForPath(p.first);
set_union(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), times.begin(), times.end(),
back_inserter(allTimes));
}
return allTimes;
}
inline VtValue _MakeTimeSampleMap(VtValue const &val) const {
if (val.IsHolding<TimeSamples>()) {
SdfTimeSampleMap result;
auto const &ts = val.UncheckedGet<TimeSamples>();
for (size_t i = 0; i != ts.times.Get().size(); ++i) {
result.emplace(
ts.times.Get()[i],
_DetachValue(_crateFile->GetTimeSampleValue(ts, i)));
}
return VtValue::Take(result);
}
return val;
}
inline VtValue _Make_TimeSamples(VtValue const &val) const {
if (val.IsHolding<SdfTimeSampleMap>()) {
TimeSamples result;
auto const &tsm = val.UncheckedGet<SdfTimeSampleMap>();
result.times.GetMutable().reserve(tsm.size());
result.values.reserve(tsm.size());
for (auto const &p: tsm) {
result.times.GetMutable().push_back(p.first);
result.values.push_back(p.second);
}
return VtValue::Take(result);
}
return val;
}
// Converts the value to a SdfPayloadListOp value if possible.
inline VtValue _ToPayloadListOpValue(VtValue const &val) const {
// Can convert if the value holds an SdfPayload.
if (val.IsHolding<SdfPayload>()) {
const SdfPayload &payload = val.UncheckedGet<SdfPayload>();
SdfPayloadListOp result;
// Support for payload list ops and internal payloads were added
// at the same time. So semantically, a single SdfPayload with an
// empty asset path was equivalent to setting the payload to be
// explicitly none. We maintain this semantic meaning so that we
// can continue to read older versions of crate files correctly.
if (payload.GetAssetPath().empty()) {
// Explicitly empty payload list
result.ClearAndMakeExplicit();
} else {
// Explicit payload list containing the single payload.
result.SetExplicitItems(SdfPayloadVector(1, payload));
}
return VtValue::Take(result);
}
// Value is returned as is if it's already a payload list op or if it's
// any other type.
return val;
}
// Converts the value from a SdfPayloadListOp value to an SdfPayload only
// if it can be semantically represented as a single SdfPayload
inline VtValue _FromPayloadListOpValue(VtValue const &val) const {
if (val.IsHolding<SdfPayloadListOp>()) {
const SdfPayloadListOp &listOp = val.UncheckedGet<SdfPayloadListOp>();
// The list must be explicit to be represented as a single
// SdfPayload.
if (listOp.IsExplicit()) {
if (listOp.GetExplicitItems().size() == 0) {
// If the list is explicitly empty, it is equivalent to a
// default SdfPayload.
return VtValue(SdfPayload());
} else if (listOp.GetExplicitItems().size() == 1) {
// Otherwise an explicit list of one payload may be
// convertible. Even if we have a single explicit payload,
// we must check whether it is internal as an SdfPayload
// with no asset path was used to represent "payload = none"
// in older versions and we need keep those semantics.
const SdfPayload &payload = listOp.GetExplicitItems().front();
if (!payload.GetAssetPath().empty()) {
return VtValue(payload);
}
}
}
}
// Fall through to the original value if no SdfPayload conversion is
// possible.
return val;
}
inline _SpecData const *
_GetSpecData(SdfPath const &path) const {
_SpecData const *specData = nullptr;
auto i = _data.find(path);
if (i != _data.end()) {
specData = &i.value();
}
return specData;
}
inline VtValue const *
_GetFieldValue(SdfPath const &path,
TfToken const &field,
SdfSpecType *specType=nullptr) const {
if (_SpecData const *specData = _GetSpecData(path)) {
if (specType) {
*specType = specData->specType;
}
auto const &fields = specData->fields.Get();
for (size_t j=0, jEnd = fields.size(); j != jEnd; ++j) {
if (fields[j].first == field) {
return &fields[j].second;
}
}
} else if (specType) {
*specType = SdfSpecTypeUnknown;
}
return nullptr;
}
inline VtValue *
_GetMutableFieldValue(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken& field) {
auto i = _lastSet != _data.end() && _lastSet->first == path ?
_lastSet : _data.find(path);
if (i != _data.end()) {
auto &spec = i.value();
auto const &fields = spec.fields.Get();
for (size_t j=0, jEnd = fields.size(); j != jEnd; ++j) {
if (fields[j].first == field) {
spec.DetachIfNotUnique();
return &spec.fields.GetMutable()[j].second;
}
}
}
return nullptr;
}
inline VtValue _DetachValue(VtValue const &val) const {
return val.IsHolding<ValueRep>() ?
_crateFile->UnpackValue(val.UncheckedGet<ValueRep>()) : val;
}
inline void _ClearSpecData() {
TfReset(_data);
_lastSet = _data.end();
}
// In-memory storage for a single "spec" -- prim, property, etc.
typedef std::pair<TfToken, VtValue> _FieldValuePair;
typedef std::vector<_FieldValuePair> _FieldValuePairVector;
struct _SpecData {
_SpecData() = default;
explicit _SpecData(Usd_EmptySharedTagType) noexcept
: fields(Usd_EmptySharedTag) {}
inline void DetachIfNotUnique() { fields.MakeUnique(); }
friend inline void swap(_SpecData &l, _SpecData &r) {
std::swap(l.specType, r.specType);
l.fields.swap(r.fields);
}
Usd_Shared<_FieldValuePairVector> fields;
SdfSpecType specType;
};
using _HashMap = pxr_tsl::robin_map<
SdfPath, _SpecData, SdfPath::Hash, std::equal_to<SdfPath>,
std::allocator<std::pair<SdfPath, _SpecData>>,
/*StoreHash=*/false>;
// In-memory data for specs.
_HashMap _data;
_HashMap::iterator _lastSet; // cached last authored spec.
// Underlying file.
std::unique_ptr<CrateFile> _crateFile;
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Usd_CrateData
Usd_CrateData::Usd_CrateData(bool detached)
: _impl(new Usd_CrateDataImpl(detached))
{
}
Usd_CrateData::~Usd_CrateData()
{
}
/* static */
TfToken const &
Usd_CrateData::GetSoftwareVersionToken()
{
return CrateFile::GetSoftwareVersionToken();
}
/* static */
bool
Usd_CrateData::CanRead(string const &assetPath)
{
return CrateFile::CanRead(assetPath);
}
/* static */
bool
Usd_CrateData::CanRead(string const &assetPath,
std::shared_ptr<ArAsset> const &asset)
{
return CrateFile::CanRead(assetPath, asset);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::Save(string const &fileName)
{
if (fileName.empty()) {
TF_CODING_ERROR("Tried to save to empty fileName");
return false;
}
return _impl->Save(fileName);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::Export(string const &fileName)
{
if (fileName.empty()) {
TF_CODING_ERROR("Tried to save to empty fileName");
return false;
}
// To Export, we copy to a temporary data and save that, since we need this
// CrateData object to stay associated with its existing backing store.
//
// Usd_CrateData currently reloads the underlying asset to reinitialize its
// internal members after a save. We use a non-detached Usd_CrateData here
// to avoid any expense associated with detaching from the asset.
Usd_CrateData tmp(/* detached = */ false);
tmp.CopyFrom(SdfAbstractDataConstPtr(this));
return tmp.Save(fileName);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::Open(const std::string &assetPath,
bool detached)
{
return _impl->Open(assetPath, detached);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::Open(const std::string &assetPath,
const std::shared_ptr<ArAsset> &asset,
bool detached)
{
return _impl->Open(assetPath, asset, detached);
}
// your_sha256_hash--------- //
// Abstract Data Implementation.
//
bool
Usd_CrateData::StreamsData() const
{
return _impl->StreamsData();
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::HasSpec(const SdfPath &path) const
{
return _impl->HasSpec(path);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::EraseSpec(const SdfPath &path)
{
_impl->EraseSpec(path);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::MoveSpec(const SdfPath& oldPath,
const SdfPath& newPath)
{
return _impl->MoveSpec(oldPath, newPath);
}
SdfSpecType
Usd_CrateData::GetSpecType(const SdfPath &path) const
{
return _impl->GetSpecType(path);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::CreateSpec(const SdfPath &path, SdfSpecType specType)
{
_impl->CreateSpec(path, specType);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::_VisitSpecs(SdfAbstractDataSpecVisitor* visitor) const
{
_impl->_VisitSpecs(*this, visitor);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::Has(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken & field,
SdfAbstractDataValue* value) const
{
return _impl->Has(path, field, value);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::Has(const SdfPath& path,
const TfToken & field,
VtValue *value) const
{
return _impl->Has(path, field, value);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData
::HasSpecAndField(const SdfPath &path, const TfToken &field,
SdfAbstractDataValue *value, SdfSpecType *specType) const
{
return _impl->Has(path, field, value, specType);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData
::HasSpecAndField(const SdfPath &path, const TfToken &field,
VtValue *value, SdfSpecType *specType) const
{
return _impl->Has(path, field, value, specType);
}
VtValue
Usd_CrateData::Get(const SdfPath& path, const TfToken & field) const
{
return _impl->Get(path, field);
}
std::type_info const &
Usd_CrateData::GetTypeid(const SdfPath& path, const TfToken& field) const
{
return _impl->GetTypeid(path, field);
}
std::vector<TfToken>
Usd_CrateData::List(const SdfPath& path) const
{
return _impl->List(path);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::Set(const SdfPath& path, const TfToken& fieldName,
const VtValue& value)
{
return _impl->Set(path, fieldName, value);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::Set(const SdfPath& path, const TfToken& field,
const SdfAbstractDataConstValue& value)
{
return _impl->Set(path, field, value);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::Erase(const SdfPath& path, const TfToken & field)
{
return _impl->Erase(path, field);
}
// your_sha256_hash--------- //
// Time Sample API.
//
std::set<double>
Usd_CrateData::ListAllTimeSamples() const
{
return _impl->ListAllTimeSamples();
}
std::set<double>
Usd_CrateData::ListTimeSamplesForPath(const SdfPath& path) const
{
return _impl->ListTimeSamplesForPath(path);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::GetBracketingTimeSamples(
double time, double* tLower, double* tUpper) const
{
return _impl->GetBracketingTimeSamples(time, tLower, tUpper);
}
size_t
Usd_CrateData::GetNumTimeSamplesForPath(const SdfPath& path) const
{
return _impl->GetNumTimeSamplesForPath(path);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::GetBracketingTimeSamplesForPath(
const SdfPath& path,
double time, double* tLower, double* tUpper) const
{
return _impl->GetBracketingTimeSamplesForPath(path, time, tLower, tUpper);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::QueryTimeSample(const SdfPath& path,
double time, VtValue *value) const
{
return _impl->QueryTimeSample(path, time, value);
}
bool
Usd_CrateData::QueryTimeSample(const SdfPath& path,
double time, SdfAbstractDataValue* value) const
{
return _impl->QueryTimeSample(path, time, value);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::SetTimeSample(const SdfPath& path,
double time, const VtValue &value)
{
return _impl->SetTimeSample(path, time, value);
}
void
Usd_CrateData::EraseTimeSample(const SdfPath& path, double time)
{
return _impl->EraseTimeSample(path, time);
}
PXR_NAMESPACE_CLOSE_SCOPE
``` |
Wesley Pacheco Gomes (born 24 April 1990), known as Wesley, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a forward for Marília.
Club career
Wesley was born in Sertãozinho, São Paulo, and graduated with Grêmio. He made his senior debuts for the club in 2011, appearing in that year's Campeonato Gaúcho.
On 3 February 2012 Wesley was loaned to Novo Hamburgo. In December he returned to Grêmio, but moved to Pelotas also in a temporary deal.
After another loan stint at Red Bull Brasil, Wesley left Grêmio in April 2014, after his contract expired. He subsequently returned to Novo Hamburgo, and in November signed for Cruzeiro-RS.
On 14 April 2015 Wesley signed with Goiás. He made his Série A debut on 10 May, starting in a 0–0 away draw against Vasco.
References
External links
1990 births
Living people
Footballers from São Paulo (state)
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série D players
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players
Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo players
Esporte Clube Pelotas players
Esporte Clube Cruzeiro players
Goiás Esporte Clube players
Clube Esportivo Aimoré players
FC Cascavel players
Boa Esporte Clube players
Veranópolis Esporte Clube Recreativo e Cultural players
Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa Caxias do Sul players
América Futebol Clube (MG) players
Paysandu Sport Club players
People from Sertãozinho |
Saros cycle series 153 for solar eclipses occurs at the Moon's ascending node, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 70 events, with 63 before 3000 AD. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon's ascending node.
This solar saros is linked to Lunar Saros 146.
Umbral eclipses
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 153 appears in the following table.
Events
References
http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros153.html
External links
Saros cycle 153 - Information and visualization
Solar saros series |
Mylabris flexuosa is a species of blister beetle, belonging to the Meloidae family.
Distribution and habitat
This species is present in Southern Europe (Andorra, France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland), in Russia and in Central Asia. It mainly inhabits prairies.
Description
Mylabris flexuosa can reach a length of . Head, antennae, pronotum and legs are black, while elytra show yellow and black bands and markings. It has an extensive and easily seen pubescence.
This species is similar to Mylabris variabilis.
Bibliography
Bologna, M.A., Cobolli Sbordoni, M., De Mattheis, E. & Mattoccia, M. (1988) Divergenza genetica tra popolazioni sud europee di Mylabris flexuosa Olivier (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Atti XV Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia, L’Aquila, 1988, 673–680.
References
External links
Le Monde des Insectes
INPN
Natura Mediterraneo
Insectarium virtual
Meloidae
Beetles described in 1811 |
Tetronarce is a genus of rays, commonly known as electric rays. They are slow-moving bottom-dwellers capable of generating electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism. Tetronarce species tend to attain a much larger size (up to 180 cm TL) than Torpedo species, which are usually small to moderate sized (range from 25 to 80 cm TL) electric rays.
Species
There are currently nine recognized species in this genus:
References
Fish of Argentina
Fish of Japan
Fish of Taiwan
Ray genera
Taxa named by Theodore Gill |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Volo.Abp.Validation;
using Volo.Docs.Admin.Documents;
using Volo.Docs.Admin.Projects;
using Volo.Docs.Documents;
namespace Volo.Docs.Admin.Pages.Docs.Admin.Projects
{
public class PullModel : DocsAdminPageModel
{
[BindProperty]
public PullDocumentViewModel PullDocument { get; set; }
private readonly IProjectAdminAppService _projectAppService;
private readonly IDocumentAdminAppService _documentAppService;
public PullModel(IProjectAdminAppService projectAppService,
IDocumentAdminAppService documentAppService)
{
_projectAppService = projectAppService;
_documentAppService = documentAppService;
}
public virtual async Task<ActionResult> OnGetAsync(Guid id)
{
var project = await _projectAppService.GetAsync(id);
PullDocument = new PullDocumentViewModel()
{
ProjectId = project.Id,
All = false
};
return Page();
}
public virtual async Task<IActionResult> OnPostAsync()
{
if (PullDocument.All)
{
await _documentAppService.PullAllAsync(
ObjectMapper.Map<PullDocumentViewModel, PullAllDocumentInput>(PullDocument));
}
else
{
await _documentAppService.PullAsync(
ObjectMapper.Map<PullDocumentViewModel, PullDocumentInput>(PullDocument));
}
return NoContent();
}
public class PullDocumentViewModel
{
[HiddenInput]
public Guid ProjectId { get; set; }
public bool All { get; set; }
[Required]
[DynamicStringLength(typeof(DocumentConsts), nameof(DocumentConsts.MaxNameLength))]
public string Name { get; set; }
[Required]
[DynamicStringLength(typeof(DocumentConsts),nameof(DocumentConsts.MaxLanguageCodeNameLength))]
public string LanguageCode { get; set; }
[Required]
[DynamicStringLength(typeof(DocumentConsts), nameof(DocumentConsts.MaxVersionNameLength))]
public string Version { get; set; }
}
}
}
``` |
The Sleaford Navigation was a canalisation of the River Slea in Lincolnshire, England, which opened in 1794. It ran from a junction with the River Witham, near Chapel Hill to the town of Sleaford through seven locks, most of which were adjacent to mills. Lack of finance meant that it stopped short of its intended terminus, but it gradually grew to be successful financially. The coming of the railways in 1857 led to a rapid decline, and it was officially abandoned by an act of Parliament in 1878, but remained open for a further three years. The lower part of it remained navigable until the 1940s, when it was blocked by a sluice.
Interest in restoring the canal began in 1972, and navigation was restored to the first with the re-opening of Lower Kyme lock in 1986. The Sleaford Navigation Trust has been working towards restoring the whole waterway, and succeeded in purchasing the Sleaford end of the river bed in 2004. A short section at Sleaford was opened in 2010, following the installation of a lift bridge.
Nearby, Navigation House, which served as the clerk's office, has been restored as a visitor centre about the canal, and the adjacent seed warehouse has been turned into The National Centre for Craft & Design.
History
The River Slea rises to the west of Sleaford, near Ancaster, and flows in an easterly direction, passing through Sleaford on its way to South Kyme, beyond which it is called the Kyme Eau, joining the River Witham at Chapel Hill. Kyme Eau had been navigable since at least the reign of Edward III, for in 1375 Gilbert d'Umframville was accused of illegally collecting tolls on boats carrying food products to the people of Kesteven. He had been doing so for 12 years, and he defended his case before the king, explaining that the river was navigable from Dog Dyke to Brent Fen, but that it suffered from silting and the banks were in a poor state of repair. Having agreed to carry out repairs, he was granted the right to levy tolls by letters patent.
With influential local landowners such as Sir Jenison Gordon of Haverholme Priory and Sir Christopher Whitchcote of Aswarby wanting to improve communications to the area, a proposal to link Sleaford by canal to Grantham was considered in 1774, but was replaced by a scheme to provide a navigable link along the Slea and the Kyme Eau to the Witham in 1783. Following a public meeting in Sleaford on 16 January, a committee was formed to promote the scheme, and in order for it to be profitable, negotiations began with the Commissioners of the River Witham, to reduce the tolls on that river for traffic to and from the Slea. Although initially rebuffed, the committee persisted, and the Commissioners eventually agreed to terms.
At the time, the River Slea was not navigable beyond Kyme, as the channel was inadequate, and there were fish weirs and water mills on its course. Three attempts were made to obtain an Act of Parliament to authorise improvements, but all were defeated. In 1791, William Jessop and John Hudson were commissioned to prepare a new survey and plans. Jessop was a canal engineer of some repute, with experience of several navigations, including the River Trent at Newark, while Hudson was less well known, but had experience of canal building in eastern England and Yorkshire. Their report was published on 25 November 1791, and estimated that the improvements would cost £9,979. The plans obtained the support of Sir Joseph Banks, a baronet who was a patron of the natural sciences, and had been the President of the Royal Society since 1778. The fourth attempt to obtain an act of Parliament was successful, probably due to his influence.
The Act (32 Geo. 3. c. 106) was passed on 11 June 1792, creating The Company of Proprietors of the Sleaford Navigation, which was empowered to make and maintain a Navigation from Sleaford Castle Causeway, through the town of Sleaford, along the course of Sleaford Mill Stream and Kyme Eau, to the River Witham, at or near Chappel Hill. It had authority to raise £13,000 in capital for the project, with an additional £6,500 if necessary. Most of the money was raised within Lincolnshire, with half of the shares being bought by people living in Sleaford. Six proprietors were elected to serve on a committee, which expressed its thanks to Joseph Banks at its first meeting. By the end of 1793, £16,000 had been raised to fund construction.
The Horncastle Canal was being constructed at the same time, and the two companies negotiated to find an engineer who would oversee both projects. They approached Henry Eastburn, but he did not accept, and so William Cawley from Mickle Trafford in Cheshire was appointed. Five locks were required to negotiate the mills, and there were additional locks at Lower Kyme and near Flax Dyke, in the parish of Ewerley. They were built as broad locks, , and the total fall from Sleaford was . Six contracts with a total value of £4,000, for the construction of locks and bridges, were awarded to John Dyson Sr., who worked with Peter Tyler and John Langwith. Defects were reported with the lock at Haverholme in 1794, and when the opening of the canal was announced, Dyson produced advertisements which stated that the canal would not open unless he was paid for the work he had carried out. The company responded that the only place to sort out such disagreements was in a law court, and the opening went ahead on 6 May 1794. The enabling act specified that the terminus would be at Castle Causeway, from where it would follow the southern mill stream to pass through the south bridge, and then along the Sleaford millstream through Old Sleaford and New Sleaford. Financial difficulties meant that it stopped short of its intended terminus, and instead the company built a wharf to the east of what is now Carre Street in Sleaford.
Operation
Trade on the navigation was adequate, but the company was hampered by the overrun in the cost of construction. Dividends were paid to shareholders in 1795, 1817, 1818 and 1824, but profits had improved by 1826, and regular dividends were then paid. Between 1836 and 1856, they ranged from five per cent to eight per cent. Rather than the proprietors collecting the tolls, they were let to toll collectors. In 1816, John Keyworth paid £1,010 for the privilege, while by 1839, Joshua Bower had to pay £1,590. This practice ceased in 1851, as receipts fell.
While the navigation prospered, there were plans to extend it. The first plan was for an extension to the west to Wilsford, suggested on 1827. Six years later J. Rofe and his son revived the idea, first proposed in 1774, for a link from Sleaford to Grantham. In the same year, a Sleaford trader attempted to get the navigation extended to its authorised terminus at Castle Causeway, but the company stated that at the time of construction, only £700 had been left for the final to the causeway, and as that would not have been enough, they had provided a suitable wharf at the present terminus. While none of these extensions were pursued, plans for the installation of a weighing machine on the wharf in 1837 escalated, and resulted in a residence for the clerk of the canal and a weighing office being built. A crane was installed in 1841, but success was soon threatened by the coming of the railways.
Decline
A railway from Grantham to Sleaford opened in 1857. This was extended to Boston in 1859, and so offered direct competition to the navigation. The decline was rapid. Income fell from £981 in 1858 to £168 in 1868, and the share price dropped from £40 to £10 between 1860 and 1863. The company was trading at a loss by 1871, and although an Act of Abandonment was obtained on 17 June 1878, the navigation did not actually close until 14 May 1881, which was also the date of the final meeting of the proprietors. The Act required the company to fill in the three locks nearest to Sleaford, but there were special provisions for the remaining structures. The next three were on a stretch of river bordered by land belonging to Haverholme Priory, and were to be put into good order and handed over to Murray Finch Hatton, earl of Winchilsea & Nottingham, who owned the Priory. He could then maintain or abandon them, but was required to construct sluices if he chose to abandon them. The final lock was to be handed over to the commissioners of the River Witham, once it was in good order, and they could remove the gates and fill in the lock if they chose to do so.
Although officially closed, both Finch Hatton and the Witham Commissioners chose to retain the locks, and the lower of the navigation from Ewerby Waithe Common to the River Witham remained navigable until the 1940s. Lower Kyme lock was then replaced by a sluice, which prevented navigation until a lock was reinstated in 1986.
Restoration
In 1972, Ronald Russell produced the book Lost Canals of England and Wales, in which he had compiled details of 78 canals then considered to be derelict. This acted as a catalyst for several restoration schemes, including one for the Sleaford Navigation. This plan initially centred on the canal head in Sleaford, and promoted by the Sleaford Civic Society. On 4 November 1977, the Sleaford Navigation Society was formed, with the wider aim of restoring navigation to the whole canal, and publishing research into other Lincolnshire navigations. The society managed to gain the support of the Anglian Water Authority for their plans in 1980, which resulted in the restoration of the Kyme Eau lock, re-opened in November 1986. With the raising of a low footbridge and the construction of a winding hole at South Kyme,> the first of the waterway were returned to navigation. In 1991, work commenced on Cobblers lock, and was completed by 1994, although it has not been fitted with gates as the banks of the section above it need strengthening before the water levels can be raised.
Funded by a Derelict Land Grant, the engineering consultants Binnies carried out a feasibility study in 1994, which concluded that full restoration was possible. A new administrative structure for the project was created in 1997, when the Sleaford Navigation Trust was formed, and the Navigation Society was disbanded. The Trust has continued to work on restoring the structures of the canal, campaigning successfully to prevent the Navigation Warehouse from being demolished in 1998. The local council organised funding for the restoration of the warehouse and the former offices of the canal company in 2002, and Lincolnshire County Council funded a further study which looked at how to provide an adequate water supply for a re-opened canal. The former seed warehouse now forms part of The Hub, housing the National Centre for Craft and Design, which is supported by the Arts Council and is one of the leading centres for the promotion and exhibition of international craft and design in the UK.
In 2004, the Navigation Trust was able to buy the bed of the river between Carre Street in Sleaford and Bone Mill, which included the lock and its island at Cogglesford Mill. Lower Kyme lock was refurbished in the winter of 2008. The upper gate is a vertical guillotine gate, and the mechanism required 350 turns of a handle to raise the gate, and another 350 to lower it again. New lock gates were fitted, and a new geared mechanism requiring fewer turns made the lock easier to operate. Around of the waterway from Sleaford to Cogglesford Mill lock were reopened, following the construction of a lifting bridge in the town centre. This was installed in late December 2008, although the hydraulic operating gear was not fitted until January 2010. Work was also carried out to construct a new slipway on Eastgate Green, to allow trailed boats to be launched onto the town section. This involved careful planning to avoid damage to 27 mature trees, and the widening of of the bank to create a mooring point. Funding was provided by Lincolnshire County Council, the Inland Waterways Association, and Waste Recycling Environmental Ltd (WREN), which administers the Landfill Communities Fund. An official opening of the new bridge and facilities took place on 3 July 2010, when three boats were launched from the slipway. Members from canoe clubs at Boston and Sleaford attended.
Course
The upper terminus of the canal was at Navigation Yard, near Sleaford town centre. Navigation House, the former residence of the clerk, is now a Grade II listed building, and has been refurbished. It houses an interpretation centre where visitors can learn of the history of the canal. The River Slea between Navigation Yard and Bone Mill lock is owned by the Canal Trust. A short distance below the terminus, a new steel lift bridge crosses the canal, after which a stream leaves the east bank. This is the old course of the river, which rejoins the canal below Cobblers lock. The first lock is from Sleaford, and allowed boats to pass Coggesford Mill, an 18th-century watermill which has been restored, and is still used to grind flour. It is managed by North Kesteven District Council. The railway line from Lincoln to Spalding crosses next, after which Dyers Mill or Bone Mill lock is reached, from Sleaford and overshadowed by the A17 Sleaford bypass bridge.
Corn Mill lock is situated from Sleaford, and the buildings of Holdingham Mill are Grade II listed. They include a small hexagonal toll house, which was used by the lock keeper. Next is Paper Mill lock, after which the canal follows a more easterly direction, to reach Haverholme lock after . Nearby was Haverholme Priory, founded by Gilbertine priors in 1139. The Grade II listed ruins are of a much later date, being part of a Tudor style country house built in 1835 by H. E. Kendall. The bridge over the canal, built in 1893, is also Grade II listed. At , Cobblers lock is reached, which has been the limit of navigation since 1986. Just beyond it, there is a pumping station on the south bank and the canal makes a right-angle bend, to skirt Ewerby Waithe Common, after which there is another right angle bend by Ferry Farm, where Ferry Bridge now carries Ferry Lane over the canal. After a short distance, there is a bend called Heckington Tunnel, where a section of the Car Dyke, a Roman waterway which ran for , heads off in a southerly direction, with the Midfodder Drain running parallel to it.
Somewhere here, the name of the river changes from the Slea to the Kyme Eau. The village of South Kyme follows, with its four-storey fortified tower, built in the 14th century for Sir Gilbert d'Umframville. It is high, and was surrounded by a moat. Two road bridges and a footbridge cross the navigation in the village. Damford Grounds, a low-lying area of fenland, lies to the north of the village, and Damford Drain, the main drainage ditch, is pumped into the river by a pumping station on the west bank. After passing Terry Booth Farm on the east bank, the 18th century buildings of which are Grade II listed, and a farm with the same name on the west bank, Lower Kyme lock is reached, from Sleaford. The Twenty Foot Drain and its pumping station join the river as it makes another sharp turn to the east, to reach a set of flood doors and Chapel Hill bridge, beyond which is the River Witham, flowing south-east to Boston.
Points of interest
Water quality
The Environment Agency measure the water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.
The water quality of the Sleaford Navigation and the upper River Slea was as follows in 2019.
Reasons for the water quality being less than good include physical modification to the channel, which prevents free movement of fish and other organisms along its length, discharge from sewage treatment works, and surface and groundwater abstraction, which affects the flow. Like many rivers in the UK, the chemical status changed from good to fail in 2019, due to the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) and mercury compounds, none of which had previously been included in the assessment.
See also
Canals of the United Kingdom
History of the British canal system
Bibliography
References
External links
Sleaford Navigation Trust
Navigation House Visitor Centre - official site
River navigations in the United Kingdom
Transport in Lincolnshire
Canals in Lincolnshire
Canals opened in 1794
1794 establishments in England |
Pailan College of Management and Technology, commonly known as PCMT, is a private engineering college located in Pailan, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal.
See also
List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal
Education in India
Education in West Bengal
Universities and colleges in South 24 Parganas district
Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Technology
2003 establishments in West Bengal
Educational institutions established in 2003 |
Karaköy is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pursaklar, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 61 (2022). Before 2008, it was part of the district of Çubuk.
References
Neighbourhoods in Pursaklar District |
```java
Metadata: setting a file's owner
There is no such thing as *pass-by-reference* in Java
Detect or prevent integer overflow
Do not perform bitwise and arithmetic operations on the same data
Using an interface as a parameter
``` |
The 2021 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the 2021 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Gators played their home games at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium in Gainesville, Florida, and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by fourth-year head coach Dan Mullen, who was fired on November 21, and were then led by interim head coach Greg Knox.
Schedule
Rankings
Game summaries
Florida Atlantic
South Florida
No. 1 Alabama
Tennessee
Kentucky
Vanderbilt
LSU
No. 1 Georgia
South Carolina
Samford
Missouri
Florida State
UCF (Gasparilla Bowl)
Personnel
Roster
Redshirt
Injury
Coaching staff
Players drafted into the NFL
References
Florida
Florida Gators football seasons
Florida Gators football |
Anthony Beavers (born 8 May 1963) is an American philosopher. he holds the positions of professor of philosophy, director of cognitive science, and director of The Digital Humanities Laboratory at the University of Evansville. Beavers received his MA and BA from Trinity College, Hartford and his PhD from Marquette University. He was the fourth president of the International Association for Computing and Philosophy (IACAP).
Throughout his career, Beavers has been interested in search-engine design. In 1996, he and Hiten Sonpal built the first peer-reviewed search engine, called Argos. Beavers is the creator and editor of the online journal Noesis.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20120402012528/http://faculty.evansville.edu/tb2/
Philosophers of mind
Philosophers of technology
21st-century American philosophers
Marquette University alumni
Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
1963 births
Living people
Philosophers from New Hampshire |
The second season of the animated television series Johnny Test premiered on October 28, 2006 with "Hoist the Johnny Roger" and "Johnny's Turbo Toy Force" and ended on May 12, 2007 with episodes "Johnny X Strikes Again" and "Johnny vs. Super Soaking Cyborgs". This is the first season to use Adobe Flash instead of digital ink-and-paint, and the first to be produced in Canada instead of America. This season is also the first to be produced by Cookie Jar Entertainment and Collideascope Animation.
This season, along with the first, were released on DVD in a bundle on February 15, 2011 in Region 1.
This season marks the first appearance for Ashleigh Ball as the new voice of Mary Test, Sissy Blakely, and Missy.
Cast
James Arnold Taylor as Johnny Test
Louis Chirillo as Dukey
Ashleigh Ball as Mary Test
Maryke Hendrikse as Susan Test
Episodes
All episodes of this season were directed by Joseph Sherman.
</onlyinclude>
References
Johnny Test seasons
2006 American television seasons
2007 American television seasons
2006 Canadian television seasons
2007 Canadian television seasons |
```java
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package google.registry.flows;
import static google.registry.request.RequestParameters.extractBooleanParameter;
import static google.registry.request.RequestParameters.extractRequiredParameter;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
import dagger.Module;
import dagger.Provides;
import google.registry.model.eppcommon.ProtocolDefinition;
import google.registry.request.Action;
import google.registry.request.Action.Method;
import google.registry.request.Parameter;
import google.registry.request.auth.Auth;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.inject.Inject;
/** Runs EPP commands directly without logging in, verifying an XSRF token from the tool. */
@Action(
service = Action.Service.TOOLS,
path = EppToolAction.PATH,
method = Method.POST,
auth = Auth.AUTH_ADMIN)
public class EppToolAction implements Runnable {
public static final String PATH = "/_dr/epptool";
@Inject
@Parameter("clientId")
String registrarId;
@Inject @Parameter("superuser") boolean isSuperuser;
@Inject @Parameter("dryRun") boolean isDryRun;
@Inject @Parameter("xml") String xml;
@Inject EppRequestHandler eppRequestHandler;
@Inject EppToolAction() {}
@Override
public void run() {
eppRequestHandler.executeEpp(
new StatelessRequestSessionMetadata(
registrarId, ProtocolDefinition.getVisibleServiceExtensionUris()),
new PasswordOnlyTransportCredentials(),
EppRequestSource.TOOL,
isDryRun,
isSuperuser,
xml.getBytes(UTF_8));
}
/** Dagger module for the epp tool endpoint. */
@Module
public static final class EppToolModule {
// TODO(b/29139545): Make parameters consistent across the graph. @Parameter("dryRun") is
// already provided elsewhere in the graph and happens to work for us but that's just luck.
@Provides
@Parameter("xml")
static String provideXml(HttpServletRequest req) {
return extractRequiredParameter(req, "xml");
}
@Provides
@Parameter("superuser")
static boolean provideIsSuperuser(HttpServletRequest req) {
return extractBooleanParameter(req, "superuser");
}
@Provides
@Parameter("clientId")
static String provideClientId(HttpServletRequest req) {
return extractRequiredParameter(req, "clientId");
}
}
}
``` |
Leitnie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dębowa Kłoda, within Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Dębowa Kłoda, east of Parczew, and north-east of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Leitnie |
Igor Gräzin (born 27 June 1952 in Tartu) is an Estonian politician, long-time member of Riigikogu and former Member of the European Parliament. He was a member of the Reform Party until 2019, and joined the Centre Party in 2022. An Eurosceptic, he was a dissenting voice in the strongly pro-EU Reform Party. He was the only member of Riigikogu to vote against ratifying the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.
In addition to his political activities, Gräzin is a senior partner of the Tartu-based law firm Bachman and Partners and lectures in Tallinn School of Economics. Acted as defense attorney in renowned "Hiiu air-crash case" (2004-2011) with K. Bachmann.
Till 1989, a professor of law at the Tartu State University, then elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (was a candidate of the Popular Front of Estonia). After the dissolution of the Soviet Union he taught at the University of Notre Dame in the United States till 2000, after that at the University Nord in Tallinn (as the Dean of the Law School and the Vice President). Served as research fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington D.C. Written academic papers on philosophy of law, theory of legal interpretation, macroeconomics. Latest research: in area of legal semiotics and structural semiotics of visual arts. Written essays legal mythology (especially - on Franz Kafka), political philosophy, political psychiatry ("Politics as Depression and Suicidal Mania").
"Gräzin initiative" is his proposal to restore the withdrawn Estonian Maritime border in its post-war configuration (as it stood till 1993) and thus gain to Estonia influence within the Nord Stream 1 project (gas pipeline between Russia and Germany routed through the Gulf of Finland). Politically: strong proponent of unified and integrated energy policy in European Union.
Gräzin cooperates with the Russian author Viktor Suvorov.
Co-anchor of a weekly political TV-show, freelance political columnist. 1991-2002 he was a member of the Republican Party of the US (he was a lecturer in the US at times). He is functionally trilingual in Estonian, English, and Russian.
References
1952 births
Living people
Members of the Riigikogu, 1995–1999
Members of the Riigikogu, 2003–2007
Members of the Riigikogu, 2007–2011
Members of the Riigikogu, 2011–2015
Members of the Riigikogu, 2015–2019
Estonian Reform Party politicians
Politicians from Tartu
Miina Härma Gymnasium alumni
University of Tartu alumni
University of Notre Dame faculty
Academic staff of the University of Tartu
20th-century Estonian politicians
21st-century Estonian politicians
MEPs for Estonia 2014–2019 |
The Anglican Diocese of Ikwo is one of 12 within the Anglican Province of Enugu, itself one of 14 provinces within the Church of Nigeria. The current bishop is Kenneth Ifemene.
Notes
Church of Nigeria dioceses
Dioceses of the Province of Enugu |
Esther Montelius born 4 May 1871, died 12 December 1948, was a Swedish writer who was employed as a telegraph clerk at Stockholm Telegraph Station's branch at Södermalmstorg 26.
Biography
Montelius was born on 4 May 1871, as the daughter of the mill owner G. G. D. Montelius, and Margaretha Christina Segerberg. Her first book, Adolfsfors, is a sentimental and romanticized description of Adolfsfors' mill in Värmland. The work was published in several editions during the 1920s.
Parts of it may have been co-written with Frida Åslund.
Montelius is buried at Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.
Works
Adolfsfors. An old Värmland farm and its mill patrons. Romanticized depiction., Åhlén & Åkerlunds förlag, 1920
The legacy: an old family history from the shores of Lac Léman, Åhlén & Åkerlund's publisher, 1926
References
1871 births
1948 deaths
Swedish writers
Swedish women writers |
Edward Albert Gilroy (October 10, 1879August 8, 1942) was a Canadian ice hockey administrator. He served as president of the Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association (MAHA) from 1927 to 1934, and the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) from 1934 to 1936. In Manitoba, he sought to expand senior ice hockey and establish co-operation between teams and owners of the Winnipeg Amphitheatre on schedules and reducing travel costs. He wanted all players aged 21 and younger to remain in junior ice hockey and began to negotiate with professional teams to refrain from signing them to contracts. His seven years as leader of the MAHA was the longest tenure for a president at the time, during which he oversaw continued growth of the association and improvement of finances.
Gilroy sat on the rules committee while he was CAHA vice-president and sought to implement consistent ice hockey rules across the country. He advocated for stricter enforcement of rules for player safety and for adopting a delayed penalty rule. As president, he wanted to stop the migration of hockey players across the country as men sought to make a living by playing hockey during the Great Depression in Canada. He warned against the stacking of teams to win an Allan Cup championship and wanted to resolve the situation before selecting the Canada men's national ice hockey team to play at the 1936 Winter Olympics. His efforts were supported by most of Canada but led to multiple disagreements with the Maritime Amateur Hockey Association, where it was common knowledge that players were being paid for amateur hockey games. The relationship with the Maritimes worsened when the Halifax Wolverines were chosen to represent Canada at the Olympics but subsequently disbanded and their players removed from the national team after reports of demanding money.
Gilroy and the CAHA reached an agreement with the British Ice Hockey Association to halt the transfer of players from Canada to Great Britain until permission was granted. The Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace ruled that Jimmy Foster and Alex Archer were ineligible to compete for the Great Britain men's national ice hockey team since they were suspended by the CAHA for not seeking permission to transfer internationally. On the eve of the Olympics, Gilroy allowed the two players to participate as a gesture of sportsmanship towards Great Britain, and objected to other countries portraying Canada as protesting the use of Foster and Archer. Great Britain defeated Canada by a 2–1 score, and the resulting silver medal was the first time in which Canada did not win the gold medal in ice hockey at the Olympic Games. Gilroy and the CAHA were subsequently scrutinized heavily by media and players in Canada for the failure at the Olympics. He was posthumously inducted into the builder category of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in 1987.
Early life and business career
Edward Albert Gilroy was born on October 10, 1879, in Smiths Falls, Ontario. He completed his schooling in Smiths Falls. He played minor ice hockey in both Smiths Falls and Ottawa, and later became an ice hockey referee and a team executive. He also played senior ice hockey in Smiths Falls during the early 1900s.
Gilroy first arrived in Portage la Prairie to play hockey in 1905, then spent a season playing lacrosse in Nelson, British Columbia in 1906. He returned to coach the Portage la Prairie Cities team in the Manitoba Professional Hockey League from 1906 until the team disbanded in 1909. He also served on the executive of the Manitoba & Northwestern Hockey Association at the same time. Notable players on his team included Ernie Dubeau, Jack Fraser, Newsy Lalonde, Skinner Poulin, Don Smith, and Cyclone Taylor.
In 1913, Gilroy was elected vice-president of the Senior Independent Hockey League based at the Winnipeg Amphitheatre. The league included the Winnipeg Falcons, the Winnipeg Strathcona, a team from Selkirk and a team from Portage la Prairie. He refereed games in the league, and was re-elected twice as vice-president, serving in the role until 1916. The league grew during his tenure and added the Winnipeg Monarchs who won the 1915 Allan Cup, and the Winnipeg 61st Battalion who won the 1916 Allan Cup.
Gilroy worked as a court clerk for several years, then worked in the clothing business, then became the first commissioner of the Manitoba Liquor Commission at Portage la Prairie. He was in charge of the government warehouse for the distribution of alcohol in Manitoba during prohibition in Canada. He was the purchasing manager for the Government of Manitoba for two years based in Winnipeg, then returned to Portage la Prairie operating a wholesale business from 1922 onwards.
Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association
Gilroy served as president of the Portage Hockey Club from 1924 to 1927. He also served as a representative of the Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association (MAHA), and sat on the executive committee of the Portage la Prairie minor ice hockey league. As Portage Hockey Club president, he was appointed by the MAHA to committee to oversee the Manitoba Senior Hockey League. He noted the team had strong support from Portage la Prairie which allowed it to grow and prosper, and advocated to find non-hockey employment for players to keep them local instead of transferring elsewhere.
Gilroy was elected president of the MAHA in November 1927, to succeed newspaper executive A. E. H. Coo. A letter from Gilroy was published in the Winnipeg Free Press in December, in which he reiterated his commitment to expanding senior ice hockey in Manitoba, and restoring it to the prominence it had before rosters were depleted by professional teams. He was open to university teams participating in the Manitoba Senior Hockey League, wanted to work with owners of the Winnipeg Amphitheatre on schedules, and address concerns of attendance figures and travel costs to games outside of Winnipeg. He also sought to keep teams based in the MAHA as opposed to playing in neighbouring districts such as the Thunder Bay Amateur Hockey Association (TBAHA).
The 1927–28 season had the greatest number of hockey teams in Manitoba at the time, with the most growth in rural areas. Gilroy advocated for support of leagues based in rural areas to grow interest in the game, and since those teams could not raise funds to travel long distances to play in larger cities. He wanted to shorten the provincial playoffs system which extended play into poor ice conditions later in the season. As growth increased, he sought to educate teams and players in Manitoba that registration requirements including transfers between clubs would be enforced in the 1928–29 season, and published letters in newspapers advising of changes to consistent with new amateur regulations across Canada.
The MAHA implemented upper and lower divisions in the Manitoba Senior Hockey League for the 1929–30 season, and received more applications from teams in Winnipeg than ice availability could support. The MAHA arranged for all of the upper division teams to play in Winnipeg to reduce travel costs, and expanded the lower division with teams from Brandon, Elkhorn, Souris, and Virden. Gilroy's desire to shorten the playoffs was realized when national deadlines were imposed. The MAHA sought for all players aged 21 and younger to remain in junior hockey, but no agreement was reached with professional teams to refrain from signing players under an age limit to a contract.
The MAHA approved an application from the Kenora Thistles based in Northwestern Ontario to play in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League for the 1930–31 season. Gilroy named a committee to explore revisions to the MAHA constitution, and approved the University of Manitoba Grads to represent Canada at the 1931 Ice Hockey World Championships and a tour of Europe. The MAHA declined applications from unaffiliated teams with commercial sponsors to enter the Allan Cup and Memorial Cup playoffs, and Gilroy continued a campaign to educate teams on amateur regulations for national playoffs.
The MAHA faced a revolt from teams in the Manitoba Senior Hockey League before the 1932–33 season, when the Winnipeg Hockey Club, the Winnipeg Falcons and the Selkirk Hockey Club withdrew and formed a commercial league in protest of the Brandon Wheat City Hockey Club being admitted. Gilroy announced that any player taking part in the new commercial league would be suspended from the MAHA, and be ineligible for the Allan Cup playoffs. After a week of negotiations, an agreement was reached where the Winnipeg Monarchs and Winnipeg Hockey Club merged, and the Manitoba Senior Hockey League operated with four teams including Brandon.
When an amateur international hockey league was proposed to include teams from Winnipeg, the TBAHA and Minneapolis for the 1933–34 season, Gilroy stated it would not be approved since there was no existing international agreement for amateur leagues at the time. Gilroy retired as MAHA president after the season and A. E. H. Coo returned to the position. Gilroy's seven years was the longest tenure for an MAHA president at the time, during which he oversaw continued growth of the association and improvement of finances.
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
Gilroy was first appointed to a Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) committee in 1928, when he was named to oversee Allan Cup playoffs for Western Canada, and was named an Allan Cup trustee along with Silver Quilty. Gilroy also sought to implement consistent ice hockey rules across the country as a member of the CAHA rules committee.
Vice-president
Gilroy became the first person to be elected second vice-president of the CAHA in March 1930, when he was acclaimed to the newly created position under Jack Hamilton as president. The CAHA continued to discuss consistent application of the rules of play, and considered a proposal from the Quebec Amateur Hockey Association (QAHA) to allow the forward pass in the neutral zone of the ice hockey rink instead of it being an offside infraction. Gilroy proposed to allow body checking by players of either team in either defensive zone to meet demands of modern spectators, but the rule change was defeated.
Gilroy was re-elected second vice-president in April 1931. The CAHA confirmed complete authority of the referee over any match and interpretation of the rules of play. Gilroy travelled to Lake Placid as a representative of the CAHA, when the Winnipeg Hockey Club won the gold medal representing Canada in ice hockey at the 1932 Winter Olympics.
Gilroy was elected first vice-president of the CAHA in April 1932. The CAHA rules committee proposed multiple changes for the upcoming season, which revisited allowing the forward passes between the blue lines. In November 1932, Gilroy arranged for public meetings for the benefit of hockey players, coaches and referees, to clarify the rule change which now allowed the forward pass in the neutral zone.
Gilroy was re-elected first vice-president of the CAHA in April 1933. He oversaw arrangements for senior and junior division playoffs in Western Canada. He also sat on the CAHA rules committee which decided to implement some of the changes made by the NHL, which included allowing the forward pass in all three zones, and body checking only to the puck carrier. He also advocated for stricter enforcement of rules by referees for player safety, specifically junior ice hockey.
President, first term
Gilroy was elected president of the CAHA on April 4, 1934, to succeed Frank Greenleaf, and was the third Manitoban to become president of the CAHA following W. F. Taylor in 1914, and Toby Sexsmith in 1922. Gilroy was also a governor of the Amateur Athletic Union of Canada (AAU of C) in his role as CAHA president, and was named to the legislation committee of the AAU of C.
In May 1934, Gilroy decreed that the CAHA would halt the migration of hockey players between clubs and branches. He sought to educate on the regulations, and stated that it was unfair for clubs to stack rosters with the best players from outside of their area. The decision by players to migrate around the country looking for work was a result of the Great Depression in Canada, since more men sought to make a living by playing hockey. By sticking to the constitution and enforcing the rules, it meant many players would be ruled ineligible for hockey.
In October 1934, the CAHA gave permission for players to attend tryouts for professional teams, with the expectation that any player who did not sign a professional contract would return to amateur hockey in Canada. After those players remained in the United States on amateur teams, Gilroy suspended them from the CAHA for not obtaining a proper transfer or release.
Gilroy issued communication to all CAHA branch presidents that the registration and transfer rule would be strictly enforced, and did not want players being misled by team managers circumventing the rules. Gilroy expected little difficulty in enforcing the regulations, since he received assurance of co-operation from presidents of all CAHA branches except for the Maritimes. He warned against the stacking of teams to win a championship, and wanted the situation to be resolved this season, since the next Allan Cup champions would be the presumptive choice to become the Canada men's national ice hockey team at the 1936 Winter Olympics.
Gilroy stated that he had no intent to appoint anyone to investigate the status of amateur players within the Maritime Amateur Hockey Association, despite reports of players and teams not following proper transfer procedures. The Winnipeg Tribune reported it was common knowledge that players in the Maritimes were being paid to play, but that there was little the CAHA could do to prove it.
Gilroy asked the Maritime Amateur Hockey Association to "declare itself on the matter", with regards to operating a commercial league which was considered professionalism and not allowed under CAHA regulations or AAU of C by-laws. Gilroy declined to reconsider any transfer requests for player who had gone to the Maritimes without approval. He also declared that any team playing commercial hockey after January 2, 1935, would be suspended from the CAHA and ineligible for the Allan Cup, which included the Moncton Hawks who were the defending 1934 Allan Cup champions.
Gilroy declared that only teams playing in an inter-city league would be eligible to compete for the Allan Cup. A three-team league was agreed upon in January, which included teams from Moncton, Halifax and Charlottetown operating under CAHA jurisdiction and excluding players who had not completed proper transfers. Gilroy warned all teams under the CAHA that the players who were ruled ineligible in the Maritimes could not play elsewhere in Canada.
The Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) also sought to operate a commercial league for the 1934–35 season, and permission was granted by the CAHA with the stipulation that such teams followed proper registration and transfers regulations and would be ineligible for the Allan Cup playoffs. Despite the experiment with commercial hockey, Gilroy predicted it had little future within the CAHA, and noted the unwillingness by commercial teams to develop younger players.
The OHA was late in deciding its junior ice hockey champion due to the use of an ineligible player. Gilroy stated the matter would be dealt with at the next CAHA general meeting to avoid a repeat, as it was unfair to teams in Western Canada to sit idle waiting to play an Eastern Canada team for the 1935 Memorial Cup.
Registrations with the CAHA had increased by 13,949 players since 1925, despite the CAHA operating at a deficit of C$30,000 in the previous three seasons. The CAHA considered expanding its registration committee to include representation by all branches of the CAHA, and Gilroy cast a tie-breaking vote for further discussion by the resolution committee. He wanted to keep players under age 21 in junior hockey and was opposed to them trying-out for professional teams. He submitted a resolution to limit try-outs by age, but it was defeated. The CAHA then approved setting up a committee to improve co-operation with the National Hockey League.
President, second term
Gilroy was re-elected president of the CAHA on April 13, 1935. He appointed a committee to discuss several issues with the AAU of C, which included the definition of amateur, the desire by CAHA branches to pay a consistent price for registration cards across Canada, and the possibility for the CAHA to issue its own registration cards. He also asked the CAHA registration committee to formally write up the common exceptions to the residence rule for junior-aged ice hockey players, or any player enlisted in the Canadian Armed Forces or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. He reiterated that the residency rule would be strictly enforced subject to the allowed exceptions. He also advocated for adopting a delayed penalty rule when teams already had two players in the penalty box, and explained that the current situation of more than two penalties being served at once was demoralizing to the offending team, and a negative experience for spectators.
In August 1935, Gilroy warned that hockey players that participating in professional leagues without permission from the CAHA would be suspended. He specifically mentioned new leagues established in England and Scotland, but that permission for tryouts would be granted if properly requested. In September 1935, the CAHA and the British Ice Hockey Association (BIHA) agreed to halt the migration of players from Canada to Great Britain until the amateur status of each player was investigated and that permission was granted to transfer.
National team selection
At the general meeting in 1935, the CAHA approved expenses to cover travel and equipment to send a team to Germany to represent Canada in ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics. The CAHA reserved the right to choose the best senior team within Canada, and strengthen it with additional players from other teams in Canada up to a maximum of 12 players according to Olympic rules. In July 1935, the Halifax Wolverines were chosen to represent Canada. Gilroy denied a report in The Gazette that the CAHA would stage a series in Montreal to determine the national representative.
In November 1935, reports circulated in The Canadian Press that the Halifax Wolverines may not be able to go to the Olympics, and Gilroy expected that the 1935 Allan Cup finalists would be invited instead. He stated the final decision would be made later in the month at the AAU of C annual meeting in Halifax. The Halifax Wolverines subsequently disbanded before the 1935–36 season.
Gilroy announced that the Canadian representative would be the Port Arthur Bearcats who promptly accepted. They had lost only one player from the previous season and were given the possibility of adding up to four players from the Wolverines. Gilroy said efforts made to reassemble the Halifax Wolverines were unsuccessful, and reiterated that the decision to send the Bearcats was final. He elaborated that if the CAHA had considered the Montreal Royals team, they would also have had to consider the other semi-finalists from North Battleford.
On January 7, 1936, the four members of the Halifax Wolverines that had been added to the national team, were removed after an emergency meeting in Toronto to deal with reports of them demanding money to take care of their families while they were overseas at the Olympics. Gilroy stated that the CAHA would not give preferential treatment to any player on the team, and denied that nothing beyond travel expenses were offered to the players in order to meet amateur eligibility requirements for the Olympic Games. The next day, Walter Kitchen, Hugh Farquharson, Dinty Moore and James Haggarty were added to the national team.
According to CAHA secretary Fred Marples, the Halifax Wolverines players approached the Port Arthur Bearcats manager about taking care of their families while overseas, and the manager in turn relayed the question to Gilroy who stated he would deal with it upon arriving in Port Arthur on route to Halifax. The four players felt they were unjustly removed from the team, denied that they had asked for money, and stated that Gilroy had approached them first on the train from Port Arthur to Toronto and suggested they appeal for money from the Government of Nova Scotia.
The Maritime Amateur Hockey Association requested an official explanation of the dismissals from Gilroy and AAU of C president W. A. Fry, with suspensions forthcoming if the allegations were proven true. Gilroy stated no suspension was issued against the players at the time, but the Maritime Amateur Hockey Association called his explanation unsatisfactory that the players had requested money for their families while overseas. Gilroy sailed to Europe on January 18 aboard the along with the members of the Canadian national hockey team.
1936 Winter Olympics
The Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG) which oversaw ice hockey at the Olympics, met before the games started and ruled that Jimmy Foster and Alex Archer were ineligible to compete for the Great Britain men's national ice hockey team since the players were under suspension by the CAHA for not seeking permission to transfer internationally. Great Britain's manager Bunny Ahearne contested that international rules stated a player could leave a country without seeking permission, and the CAHA suspensions should not apply.
Gilroy noted that Canada had lodged a complaint with the LIHG in September 1935, regarding the Canadians who went to play abroad without permission of the CAHA. He found it unfortunate that the question of eligibility was raised on the eve of the Olympics, since the LIHG had not held a meeting until then. He denied making a last-minute protest for fear of Canada losing to Great Britain. Gilroy also denied that Canada had agreed to lift the ban on the two players, stating that all players who had not received international transfers were still suspended. He chose not to object on the eve of the Olympics to the two players participating as a gesture of sportsmanship towards Great Britain.
Before the second round of games began, other participating hockey nations threatened to protest the victories by Great Britain due to the use of CAHA players. The Winnipeg Tribune reported that three LIHG delegates had approached Gilroy to become president and called for an emergency meeting of the LIHG. On February 10, Gilroy was quoted as saying that, "hockey in Great Britain, as conducted by the British Ice Hockey Association, is a racket". He felt that it was unsportsmanlike for Great Britain to import as many Canadian players as it did to its domestic league. He also felt that LIHG president Paul Loicq had put Canada "on the spot" by not making a decision, and objected to Canada being portrayed as in protest. Gilroy also stated, "Canada is willing to play any team here. If we can't produce a team good enough to win the Olympics, we should be ashamed, since Canada is the birthplace of hockey". The next day, Great Britain defeated Canada by a 2–1 score. Gilroy stated he had no complaint over the inclusion of Foster and Archer the game and felt Canada lost due to "tough breaks".
Before the final round began, Canada threatened to withdraw from Olympic hockey when it learned that the playoffs format would carry over the loss to Great Britain past the second round-robin series, since the tournament format stated that teams did not have to play one another more than once. Canada was faced with going into the final round of four versus the United States, Czechoslovakia and Great Britain national teams, and was only able to play two games with a loss against them. Gilroy was unaware of the playoff format in advance of the Olympics, and took objection to the sportsmanship of Canadian officials being questioned, after a special meeting decided not to alter the format. Gilroy was criticized by Canadian politician Tommy Church for fostering ill will against Canada due to the February 10 comments. Church called for an investigation and for the Government of Canada to decide on whether to abandon the Olympics in favour of the British Empire Games.
Great Britain went on to capture the gold medal and Canada received the silver medal. The 1936 tournament was the first time in which Canada did not win the gold medal in ice hockey at the Olympic Games, which led to the CAHA and Gilroy being heavily scrutinized by media in Canada. In remarks after the Olympics on February 18, Gilroy insisted that the CAHA had not wished to bring up the suspended Canadian players, and that it was made an issue against his wishes and gave Canada a reputation for poor sportsmanship. He was quoted as saying that Canada was given a "raw deal" by the playoffs format used, and considered cancellation of scheduled exhibition games for the national team except for those against Germany and France who supported Canada's disagreement with the playoffs format. The next day, Gilroy denied that he said Canada was given a "raw deal", and held further remarks until he returned home to meet with the CAHA.
The Winnipeg Tribune sports editor Johnny Buss wondered if Gilroy was being made the scapegoat for the CAHA's woes at the Olympics. He admired Gilroy for his sportsmanship, but noted the choice to let Foster and Archer play did not make any friends, nor did the comment that senior amateur hockey in England was a "racket". Buss described Gilroy as outspoken but sincere in his efforts, but speculated that Gilroy's statements were made at the urging of other CAHA officers.
Post-Olympics reaction in Canada
Upon his arrival in Halifax aboard the RMS Montclare on March 2, 1936, Gilroy spoke with Canadian media who had not been in attendance at the Olympics. He reiterated that the CAHA did not protest the use of Archer and Foster by Great Britain, and voted with the majority of LIHG members to allow them to play. Gilroy felt the playoffs format was changed to Great Britain's advantage in the middle of competition by parties who stood to gain from the change. He defended the choice of the national team and declared no CAHA officers would resign due to not winning the gold medal. He also stated, "I have been misrepresented and misunderstood so many times. I am becoming hardened to it". Neither Gilroy nor Canadian Olympic Committee president Patrick J. Mulqueen elaborated on the comment that English hockey was a "racket". The Canadian Press reported the Gilroy appeared nervous in response to what Mulqueen termed "misrepresentation of his actions".
Gilroy arrived in Winnipeg the next day and was quoted as saying, "No matter how you add it up, Canada should have won the Olympic hockey championship". Canada had won seven of eight games played and had a better ratio of goals for against compared to Great Britain which won five of seven games with two draws. Gilroy said, "There is no question that the fact that the rules were changed immediately following England's victory over Canada. Loicq denied that rules to decide the standings and said that Gilroy and Mulqueen did not understand the playoffs system in place.
The Port Arthur Bearcats returned from Europe three weeks later than CAHA officials, since the team played an extended tour of exhibition games in Europe after the Olympics. The Bearcats were declined a spot in the 1936 Allan Cup playoffs because it was too late to rearrange the schedule. Gilroy upheld the decision by his vice-president and denied that a playoff berth was promised to the team.
Canadian national teams players spoke with the media in Montreal later in March, and were critical of the Canadian leadership. Kenneth Farmer stated that none of Canada's officials knew what playoff system was being used and that Gilroy and Marples "were blissfully unaware of what it was all about". Ralph St. Germain said that if Canada was a seen as poor sports, "It was largely due to the incessant blustering and bickering of our officials". OHA executive J. Percy Bond stated that Gilroy did not deserve most of the criticism. Bond stated that Gilroy should have known the playoff system in place, but that Gilroy had twice threatened to return from Germany because of the lack of co-operation from other Canadian officials.
1936 CAHA general meeting
Gilroy told delegates at the 1936 CAHA general meeting that in September 1935, officials of the BIHA agreed that no Canadians would play in Great Britain without CAHA permission, but failed to keep the agreement. He also stated that Loicq declared the players ineligible in November 1935 but later rescinded. Gilroy felt it would be unfair to suspend Foster and Archer on the eve of the Olympics, and that Loicq should not have let the BIHA believe the players were eligible. Gilroy stated it was solely his doing to have the suspensions lifted.
The focus of the general meeting moved towards regulating players and updating amateur regulations. Gilroy appointed a committee to meet with the Amateur Athletic Union and discuss restrictions on player movements between Canada and the United States. He wanted to see an end to amateurs entering the United States under a professional bond due to immigration laws. The CAHA banned the migration of Canadian players to the United Kingdom until a new working agreement was reached, after Gilroy explained that the BIHA had made no effort to enforce an existing player transfer agreement from 1935.
W. G. Hardy and George Dudley proposed new definition of amateur including "four points" in an attempt to eliminate "shamateurism", which if approved would semi-professionalize the game. Gilroy stated that if the new definition was adopted, it would automatically sever relations with the AAU of C, and lose the privilege to participate in hockey at the Olympics.
The "four points" approved at the meeting were:
Hockey players may capitalize on their ability as hockey players for the purpose of obtaining legitimate employment.
Hockey players may accept from their clubs or employers payment for time lost, from work while competing on behalf of their clubs. They will not however, be allowed to hold "shadow" jobs under the clause.
Amateur hockey teams may play exhibition games against professional teams under such conditions as may be laid down by the individual branches of the CAHA.
Professionals in another sport will be allowed to play under the CAHA jurisdiction as amateurs.
Gilroy supported three of the changes, but was against players receiving payments from work while competing in hockey. At the conclusion general meeting, he was succeeded as CAHA president by Cecil Duncan on April 14, 1936.
Political career
Gilroy served as an alderman for the east ward of the Portage la Prairie municipal government for six years during the 1930s, and was an executive member of the local Board of Trade.
On October 30, Gilroy became an independent candidate in the November 1933 by-election for the Portage la Prairie electoral district in the Manitoba Legislature. He ran against Toby Sexsmith of the Progressive Conservative Party who was a former president of both the MAHA and the CAHA. The Winnipeg Free Press reported that the campaign for the seat vacated by Fawcett Taylor had few public meetings, no noticeable political issues being discussed, and appeared to be a popularity contest between Gilroy and Sexsmith. A third candidate from the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation was reported to be a long shot. Gilroy had previously been aligned as a conservative, but felt that as an independent candidate he could appeal to both liberal and conservative voters. Sexsmith won the by-election by 238 votes over Gilroy.
On June 25, Gilroy was nominated as the Liberal-Progressive Party candidate in the Portage la Prairie electoral district for the July 1936 Manitoba general election. The election was a rematch versus the incumbent Toby Sexsmith. Gilroy had since completed his terms as president of the CAHA, and the Medicine Hat News described the election as a "Battle of the Sports Moguls", compared to the Winnipeg Free Press which called it a "Battle of Hockey Moguls". Gilroy received 1279 votes and was defeated again by Sexsmith who received 1727 votes.
Later hockey career
Gilroy was named to the MAHA executive in the past-president role, in October 1936. He was among the dignitaries which attended the opening of the new concrete and steel hockey rink in Portage la Prairie in January 1937. Portage la Prairie was the only Canadian city at the time to have two former CAHA presidents as residents, in Gilroy and Sexsmith, who both participated in the ceremonial first puck at the new rink.
As the past-president of the CAHA in May 1937, Gilroy was given the honour of presenting the Memorial Cup trophy to the Winnipeg Monarchs for a second time. The first was for the 1935 Memorial Cup championship and then again for the 1937 Memorial Cup championship.
Gilroy was appointed chairman of the rules committee to examine changes at the CAHA general meeting in April 1938. He submitted a motion to ban commercial teams from competing for the Memorial Cup or Allan Cup, but it was defeated without debate. He also recommended to allow strengthening of teams from within their own branch, once the team won its branch championship and advanced into the national playoffs.
Gilroy was named manager of the Portage Terriers junior hockey team in May 1938. He felt that he had assembled the best Portage team of the 1930s, in preparation for the 1938–39 season. He later became team president and a director of the Portage Rink Company.
Gilroy was a guest of the MAHA silver jubilee held in Winnipeg in October 1938, with five of the six past-presidents in attendance. The CAHA held its own silver jubilee in April 1939, at the Royal Alexandra Hotel in Winnipeg. Gilroy was a guest where eleven of the thirteen past-presidents were in attendance.
Gilroy was critical of the MAHA for allowing wholesale transfer of players between north and south divisions in the junior league in the 1939–40 season. He felt that a rink company should not be dictating to the league, and stated that the MAHA should enforce the rules strictly and have "backbone".
Personal life and death
Gilroy resided in Portage la Prairie from 1906 onwards, except for two years while working in Winnipeg. He maintained a summer home on the shores of Lake Manitoba, and served as president of the Delta Beach Association for 15 years. He was a recreational golfer and hunter, and a member of the Oakland Country Club near Delta Beach.
Gilroy had two sons with his wife Gertrude Gaunce, who died in January 1942. Gilroy died on August 8, 1942, at his summer home in Delta Beach due to heart problems. He was interred with his wife in Hillside Cemetery in Portage la Prairie.
Legacy and honours
Gilroy was named an honorary president of the MAHA in 1937. He was also named an honorary patron of the Portage la Prairie Baseball Club.
Journalist Ralph Allen credited Gilroy with being progressive early in his presidency of the CAHA, for enforcing the rules and upholding the constitution to protect amateur hockey in Canada. Gilroy had felt it necessary to prevent regional disparities in talent due to players migrating around the country in numbers never seen before. After Gilroy's death, Frank Sargent who was the CAHA president at the time, stated that "His term of office was a very difficult one and he discharged his duties in a most able manner". Cecil Duncan described Gilroy's presidency as "transitory and troublous" for the CAHA, and International Ice Hockey Association president W. G. Hardy felt that Gilroy acted fairly and in the best interests of hockey in Canada.
In 1946, the MAHA was presented with a memorial cup to commemorate Gilroy by his son Jack. The cup became the E. A. Gilroy Memorial Trophy awarded to the Manitoba champion of the juvenile B-level division.
Gilroy was posthumously inducted into the builder category of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame in 1987.
References
1879 births
1942 deaths
20th-century Canadian businesspeople
20th-century Canadian civil servants
Businesspeople from Manitoba
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association presidents
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association vice-presidents
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey officials
Canadian sports executives and administrators
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Lacrosse people from Ontario
Law clerks
Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association executives
Manitoba civil servants
Manitoba Hockey Association
Manitoba Liberal Party candidates in Manitoba provincial elections
Manitoba municipal councillors
People from Smiths Falls
Sportspeople from Portage la Prairie |
Joseph Shaw Bolton (1867–1946) was a British physician, pathologist, psychiatrist and neurologist who was Professor of Mental Diseases at the University of Leeds.
Early life and education
After education at Spring Hill School in Whitby, Bolton worked as an assistant without formal qualification at an asylum and as an assistant to a general practitioner in Manchester. He graduated BSc (London) in 1888. He then studied at University College London Medical School where he graduated MB ChB in 1894 and became a demonstrator of anatomy. By 1896 he graduated MD.
Charles Bolton, FRS was Bolton's younger brother.
Career
From 1896 to 1899 Bolton was lecturer in physiology at Mason Science College, Birmingham (now the University of Birmingham). He was pathologist at Claybury Lunatic Asylum from 1899 to 1903. He was a senior assistant at Hellingly's East Sussex County Asylum from 1903 to 1905 and then at the County Mental Hospital, Rainhill from 1905 to 1910.
From 1910 to 1933 Bolton was director of the West Riding Mental Hospital, Wakefield. He was appointed Professor of Mental Diseases at the University of Leeds in 1911, holding the chair until his retirement as Emeritus Professor.
Marriage and children
Bolton married Ellen Rogers in Whitby in 1906. They had two sons and one daughter.
Awards and honours
1909 — FRCP
1910 — Goulstonian Lecturer
1925 — Maudsley Lecturer
1928 — President of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association
1933 — Henderson Trust Lecturer
1935 — Lumleian Lecturer
References
1867 births
1946 deaths
British neurologists
19th-century English medical doctors
20th-century English medical doctors
Alumni of the UCL Medical School
Academics of the University of Leeds
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
People from Whitby
Academics of the University of Birmingham |
The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society is a 2018 historical romantic drama film directed by Mike Newell and written by Kevin Hood, Don Roos and Tom Bezucha. The screenplay is based on the 2008 novel of the same name, written by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows. The film stars Lily James, Michiel Huisman, Glen Powell, Jessica Brown Findlay, Katherine Parkinson, Matthew Goode, Tom Courtenay and Penelope Wilton. Set in 1946, the plot follows a London-based writer who exchanges letters with a resident on the island of Guernsey, which had been under German occupation during World War II.
A co-production between the United Kingdom, United States, and France, the film was distributed and financed by StudioCanal and produced by Blueprint Pictures and the Mazur/Kaplan Company. In 2010, development began on a film adaptation based on Shaffer's novel. In October 2016, James signed on for the lead role, with Newell set to direct. The film entered pre-production in January 2017, with principal photography taking place across England from 23 March to 15 May 2017.
The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society made its premiere and was released in cinemas in the United Kingdom in April 2018 and in France in June 2018. The film grossed $15.7 million worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics. It was distributed in other international areas by Netflix on 10 August 2018 as an original film.
Plot
In 1941, on the island of Guernsey, four friends are stopped by soldiers for breaching curfew during German occupation. To avoid arrest, they say they were returning from a meeting of their book club, hastily named "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society".
Five years later, in January 1946, the author Juliet Ashton is promoting her latest book, written under her pen name Izzy Bickerstaff. She has just been contracted through her publisher Sidney Stark to write stories for The Times Literary Supplement about the benefits of literature. Juliet receives a letter from Dawsey Adams, a Guernsey man who has come into possession of her copy of Charles Lamb's Essays of Elia and who wants to know where to find a bookshop in England to buy another book by the same author. He tells her that he is part of "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society", which meets every Friday night. Juliet sends a book by Lamb and his sister, Tales from Shakespeare, in exchange for more information about the society and how it came into being.
Juliet decides she would like to write about the society and arranges to travel to the island, despite Sidney's reservations. Her American boyfriend Mark proposes before Juliet embarks on the ferry, and she accepts. Upon arrival at Guernsey, Juliet attends a meeting of the society where she is treated as a celebrity by the members: Dawsey Adams, Amelia Maugery, Isola Pribbey, Eben Ramsey, and Eben's young grandson, Eli. Juliet is told that Elizabeth, the founding member, is overseas. Her daughter Kit is being looked after by Dawsey, and calls him "dad". Juliet asks permission to write an article about the Society, but Amelia reacts negatively to the idea.
Instead of returning home as planned, Juliet remains in Guernsey to conduct research, telling the group that she is writing about the German occupation. Over the following days, she learns that Elizabeth had been arrested during the occupation and sent to Germany, but that her friends are still hoping she will return. Juliet asks Mark, who is in the armed forces, to try to locate Elizabeth. Juliet's landlady tells her that Elizabeth was no saint, hinting that she had been having sex with the occupying German forces in exchange for luxuries. Juliet asks Dawsey about the story, and he explains that he is not actually Kit's father. Her real father was Christian Hellmann, a German doctor who had worked with Elizabeth at the local hospital. Hellmann had been sent back to Germany, and died when his ship was sunk.
Mark arrives in Guernsey, and criticises Juliet for not wearing her engagement ring. He brings information about Elizabeth, and Juliet relays to the society the news that Elizabeth had been sent to the Ravensbrück concentration camp. There, she was shot and killed trying to protect a fellow prisoner. Juliet and Mark return to London but Juliet is unable to settle back into her previous life. She breaks up with Mark and starts to write about the society. When her manuscript is finished, she gives a copy to Sidney and posts another to the society. Dawsey reads her covering letter out loud to the group and realizes that Juliet has broken up with Mark. He decides to go to her, and departs for London. At the same time, Juliet arranges to return to Guernsey. She is just embarking on the ferry when she notices Dawsey on the wharf, and the two reunite. Dawsey is about to ask Juliet to marry him when she interrupts to ask him the same thing. He accepts.
Some time later, Dawsey reads to Kit from Tales from Shakespeare with Juliet next to him, both Dawsey and Juliet wearing wedding rings. As the credits roll, the Society holds another meeting off-screen, including Sidney, exchanging excerpts from books and discussion.
Cast
Production
Development
In July 2010, producer Paula Mazur announced that a script based on the 2008 novel of the same name, written by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows, had been picked up by Fox 2000 Pictures. Despite a lack of financial incentives, Mazur said that she wanted the adaptation to be filmed on the titular island of Guernsey, stating "It's all a matter of economics and what looks right, but I can't imagine not filming in Guernsey." Several actresses were mentioned as potential cast members, including Kate Winslet, Anne Hathaway, and Emily Blunt. On 4 August 2011, it was announced that Kenneth Branagh was set to direct the film, with filming aimed to commence in March 2012.
In January 2012 Winslet agreed to portray the lead role of Juliet Ashton. In April 2012, the film was delayed for another year due to scheduling conflicts. In February 2013, Winslet dropped out of the project, as did Branagh. In April 2013 Michelle Dockery was offered the lead role; she later declined. In February 2016 Mike Newell was announced to direct the film, with Rosamund Pike "circling" the lead role. StudioCanal would finance and distribute the film. In October 2016, Lily James was confirmed to star as Juliet. In March 2017 Michiel Huisman and Glen Powell signed for the roles of Dawsey Adams and Mark Reynolds, respectively. The film entered pre-production in January 2017, with filming set to commence in spring.
Filming
Principal photography began in March 2017 in North Devon. The port and village of Clovelly in North Devon represented Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, and many other locations in the same area were used for outdoor shots representing Guernsey as imagined in 1946. Exterior shots were filmed at Princes Wharf, Bristol, to represent Weymouth Docks in 1946. For the London portion of the shoot, photography took place on Sicilian Avenue in London. Scenes were also shot at the House of Detention in Sans Walk, Clerkenwell and in the foyer of Senate House, London. Studio work was completed at Ealing Studios. Filming wrapped in May 2017, with the first official images of the film released that month.
Release
The film made its premiere and was theatrically released in the United Kingdom in April and in France in June by StudioCanal. It was released in other international areas, such as the United States, Canada, Latin America and certain parts of Europe, by Netflix as an original film on 10 August 2018.
Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of , based on reviews, and an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, "Far more traditional and straightforward than its unwieldy title, The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society offers delightful comfort food for fans of period drama." On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Harry Windsor of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, in particular praising Lily James and the film's modern tone saying, "Buoyed by a reliably appealing star turn from James, this handsome tearjerker mostly sidesteps the tweeness of its title to become, somehow, both an old-fashioned romance and a detective story trumpeting gender equality." Trevor Johnston of Radio Times awarded the film three out of five stars, calling it "moderately engrossing". He praised the "likeable" performances, in particular that of Penelope Wilton. Geoffrey McNab of The Independent also awarded three stars out of five, calling the film a "jaunty and good-natured affair". He concluded that "The result is a film that, while perfectly enjoyable on its own terms, becomes every bit as cosy, nostalgic and superficial as the title suggests it is going to be." Kevin Maher of The Times gave a very negative review, awarding one star. He called it "an inept and disingenuous froth-fest" and criticised the lack of chemistry between James and Michiel Huisman. Guy Lodge of Variety also gave a negative review, criticising the mystery plot as "neither particularly intriguing nor, as the rather straightforward investigation unfolds, terribly surprising". Olly Richards of Empire awarded three stars out of five, calling it "A well told, beautifully acted drama that offers nothing new but a comforting level of familiarity and cosiness." and noticing the film's "gentle" tone.
Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph praised the film as an "irresistible romantic mystery" and awarding four stars out of five. He also commended Newell's ensemble cast, particularly Katherine Parkinson, saying, "he gives each of his cast members just enough room to stretch: a broad gag here, a hushed monologue there, and in Parkinson’s case both at once." Anna Smith of Metro also gave the film four stars and praised the performances from Tom Courtenay and Parkinson as "classy". However, she considered the subplots too "clustered" and said that the film's two-hour runtime was too long. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian awarded the film two out of five stars, calling it "naive" and "a glutinous 40s-period exercise in British rom-dram solemnity". Wendy Ide of The Observer also gave two stars, saying "even fans of the source novel ... might struggle with this photogenic but laboured adaptation." She also called the casting "hit-and-miss" and said that "the plodding storytelling relies on large chunks of exposition". Paul Whitington of The Irish Independent was more positive, awarding three stars; he considered the film to be a "gentle, meandering drama". David Bradley of The Adelaide Review gave a lukewarm review, awarding a score of 6 out of 10. He favourably compared it to a "Downton Abbey reunion" and praised James, saying, "she presents a luminous image of sheer British niceness that unfortunately never quite existed."
References
External links
2018 films
2018 romantic drama films
British romantic drama films
Ealing Studios films
Films directed by Mike Newell
Films produced by Graham Broadbent
Films set in 1941
Films set in 1946
Films set in Guernsey
Films shot in Bristol
Films shot in Devon
Films shot in London
Films shot in the United Kingdom
Films with screenplays by Thomas Bezucha
Films with screenplays by Don Roos
StudioCanal films
British World War II films
Films based on American novels
2010s English-language films
2010s British films |
Loxostege is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.
Species
Loxostege aemulalis (Dognin, 1905)
Loxostege aeruginalis (Hübner, 1796)
Loxostege albiceralis (Grote, 1878)
Loxostege albifascialis Walsingham & Hampson, 1896
Loxostege allectalis (Grote, 1877)
Loxostege anartalis (Grote, 1878)
Loxostege angustipennis (Zerny, 1914)
Loxostege annaphilalis (Grote, 1881)
Loxostege argyrostacta (Hampson, 1910)
Loxostege aurantiacalis (Warren, 1889)
Loxostege badakschanalis (Amsel, 1970)
Loxostege bicoloralis Warren, 1892
Loxostege brunneitincta Munroe, 1976
Loxostege caradjana (Popescu-Gorj, 1991)
Loxostege cereralis (Zeller, 1872)
Loxostege clathralis (Hübner, 1813)
Loxostege commixtalis (Walker, 1866)
Loxostege comptalis (Freyer, 1848)
Loxostege confusalis (South in Leech & South, 1901)
Loxostege damergouensis Rothschild, 1921
Loxostege darwinialis (Sauber, 1904)
Loxostege decaryalis Marion & Viette, 1956
Loxostege deliblatica Szent-Ivány & Uhrik-Meszáros, 1942
Loxostege diaphana (Caradja & Meyrick, 1934)
Loxostege egregialis Munroe, 1976
Loxostege ephippialis (Zetterstedt, 1839)
Loxostege eversmanni (Staudinger, 1892)
Loxostege expansalis (Eversmann, 1852)
Loxostege farsalis Amsel, 1950
Loxostege fascialis (Hübner, 1796)
Loxostege flavinigralis (Hampson, 1910)
Loxostege floridalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1913
Loxostege formosibia (Strand, 1918)
Loxostege frustalis (Zeller, 1852)
Loxostege galbula (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Loxostege graeseri (Staudinger, 1892)
Loxostege heliosalis (Hampson, 1912)
Loxostege immerens Harvey, 1875
Loxostege impeditalis (Maassen, 1890)
Loxostege inconspicualis (Zerny, 1914)
Loxostege indentalis (Grote, 1883)
Loxostege kearfottalis Walter, 1928
Loxostege kingi Munroe, 1976
Loxostege lepidalis (Hulst, 1886)
Loxostege leucalis (Hampson, 1900)
Loxostege leuconeuralis (Hampson, 1908)
Loxostege malekalis Amsel, 1950
Loxostege manualis (Geyer in Hübner, 1832)
Loxostege minimalis Amsel, 1956
Loxostege mira Amsel, 1951
Loxostege mojavealis Capps, 1967
Loxostege mucosalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848)
Loxostege munroealis Leraut, 2005
Loxostege naranjalis (Schaus, 1920)
Loxostege nissalis (Amsel, 1961)
Loxostege oberthuralis Fernald, 1894
Loxostege oblinalis (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Loxostege ochrealis (Wileman, 1911)
Loxostege oculifera (E. Hering, 1901)
Loxostege offumalis (Hulst, 1886)
Loxostege peltalis (Eversmann, 1842)
Loxostege peltaloides (Rebel in Wagner, 1932)
Loxostege perticalis (C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Loxostege phaeoneuralis (Hampson, 1900)
Loxostege phaeopteralis (Hampson, 1913)
Loxostege quaestoralis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Loxostege rhabdalis (Hampson, 1900)
Loxostege scalaralis (Christoph, 1877)
Loxostege scutalis (Hübner, 1813)
Loxostege sedakowialis (Eversmann, 1852)
Loxostege sierralis Munroe, 1976
Loxostege sticticalis (Linnaeus, 1761)
Loxostege straminealis (Hampson, 1900)
Loxostege subcuprea (Dognin, 1906)
Loxostege terpnalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918
Loxostege tesselalis (Guenee, 1854)
Loxostege thallophilalis (Hulst, 1886) or Loxostege thrallophilalis
Loxostege triselena (Meyrick, 1937)
Loxostege turbidalis (Treitschke, 1829)
Loxostege typhonalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914
Loxostege unicoloralis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Loxostege uniformis (Hampson, 1913)
Loxostege venustalis (Stoll in Cramer & Stoll, 1781)
Loxostege violaceotincta (Caradja, 1939)
Loxostege virescalis (Guenée, 1854)
Loxostege wagneri Zerny in Wagner, 1929
Loxostege xuthusalis (Hampson in Elwes, Hampson & Durrant, 1906)
Loxostege ziczac (Sauber, 1899)
Status unclear
Loxostege pallidalis (Haworth, 1811), described as Pyralis pallidalis from Great Britain.
Former species
Loxostege clarissalis (Schaus, 1920)
Loxostege concoloralis (Lederer, 1857)
Loxostege flavivenalis (Hampson, 1913)
Loxostege plumbatalis (Zeller, 1852)
References
External links
Pyraustinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by Jacob Hübner |
The Honorary Order of the Yellow Star (Dutch: Ere-Orde van de Gele Ster) is the highest state decoration of the Republic of Suriname. The Order was instituted in 1975 at the independence of Suriname and replaced the Dutch Order of the Netherlands Lion. It is awarded to individuals for their meritorious service to the Surinamese people or nation. Foreigners are also eligible to receive the order. The president of Suriname is the Grand Master of the order.
Classes
The Honorary Order of the Yellow Star is issued in five classes, plus two medals:
Grand Cordon (Grootlint), who wears the badge on a sash on the right shoulder, plus the star on the left side of the chest;
Grand Officer (Grootofficier), who wears a badge on a necklet, plus a star on the left side of the chest;
Commander (Commandeur), who wears the badge on a necklet;
Officer (Officier), who wears the badge on a ribbon with rosette on the left side of the chest;
Knight (Ridder), who wears the badge on a ribbon on the left side of the chest.
Honorary Medals in Gold and Silver on a ribbon on the left chest
The president of Suriname as Grand Master wears the Grand Order Chain (Groot Ordeketen) of the order. In addition, select foreign heads of state may be honoured with the Grand Order Chain.
Insignia
The Collar of the Order, formally the Grand Order Chain, is in gold, with alternating the "Sen" (S-shaped monogram) and gold stars as facets, connected with small chains. The whole chain rests on a folded Ribbon of the order that culminates in two bows. The bows are worn on the shoulders.
The Badge of the order exists of a gold gilt five-pointed star each topped with a small ball, and gold gilt rays between the arms, resulting in a badge with the shape of a pentagon. The central disk shows the yellow star of the Flag and Coat of arms of Suriname on white enamel, surrounded by a black enamel and gold edged ring displaying the motto in yellow (also from the Surinamese Coat of arms): JUSTITIA - PIETAS - FIDES ("Justice - Piety - Fidelity").
The Star of the Order is an eight-pointed gold gilt star with straight rays. The central disc is the same as that of the badge.
The Medal is round, with a gold and silver version. It shows the five-pointed star and a surrounding circlet with the motto of the order.
The Ribbon of the order is red with white stripes at the edges.
Controversy
After his inauguration in 2010, the Surinamese president Dési Bouterse immediately honoured all nine still living conspirators, who together with Bouterse were involved in the 1980 Surinamese coup d'état, with the Grand Cordon of the Honorary Order of the Yellow Star. This led internationally to great controversy, since all nine are accused of involvement in the December murders in 1982, when thirteen civilians and two military officials were murdered because they opposed the military rule in Suriname.
Selected recipients
Jules Ajodhia, a Surinamese politician and former Vice-President of Suriname
Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, prince consort of Queen Juliana
Edwin W. Carrington, former Secretary-General of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Beatrix of the Netherlands, former Queen Regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Juliana of the Netherlands, former Queen Regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Princess Margriet of the Netherlands, member of the Dutch Royal Family
Michiel van Kempen, Dutch writer
Gazon Matodya, former paramount chief (Granman) of the Ndyuka people
Johanna Schouten-Elsenhout, poet
Jules Sedney, a Surinamese politician and former Prime Minister of Suriname
Clarence Seedorf, Surinamese-Dutch football player
Tyrone Spong, Surinamese-Dutch Kickboxer and boxer
Ronald Venetiaan, a Surinamese politician and former President of Suriname
Pieter van Vollenhoven, member of the Dutch Royal House and husband of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Founder The Art of Living Foundation (IBTimes)
Droupadi Murmu, President of India
References
Yellow Star
Awards established in 1975
Orders of chivalry awarded to heads of state, consorts and sovereign family members |
NetWare is a discontinued computer network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used cooperative multitasking to run various services on a personal computer, using the IPX network protocol.
The original NetWare product in 1983 supported clients running both CP/M and MS-DOS, ran over a proprietary star network topology and was based on a Novell-built file server using the Motorola 68000 processor. The company soon moved away from building its own hardware, and NetWare became hardware-independent, running on any suitable Intel-based IBM PC compatible system, and able to utilize a wide range of network cards. From the beginning NetWare implemented a number of features inspired by mainframe and minicomputer systems that were not available in its competitors' products.
In 1991, Novell introduced cheaper peer-to-peer networking products for DOS and Windows, unrelated to their server-centric NetWare. These are NetWare Lite 1.0 (NWL), and later Personal NetWare 1.0 (PNW) in 1993.
In 1993, the main NetWare product line took a dramatic turn when version 4 introduced NetWare Directory Services (NDS, later renamed eDirectory), a global directory service based on ISO X.500 concepts (six years later, Microsoft released Active Directory). The directory service, along with a new e-mail system (GroupWise), application configuration suite (ZENworks), and security product (BorderManager) were all targeted at the needs of large enterprises.
By 2000, however, Microsoft was taking more of Novell's customer base and Novell increasingly looked to a future based on a Linux kernel. The successor to NetWare, Open Enterprise Server (OES), released in March 2005, offers all the services previously hosted by NetWare 6.5, but on a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server; the NetWare kernel remained an option until OES 11 in late 2011.
The final update release was version 6.5SP8 of May 2009; NetWare is no longer on Novell's product list. NetWare 6.5SP8 General Support ended in 2010; Extended Support was available until the end of 2015, and Self Support until the end of 2017. The replacement is Open Enterprise Server.
History
NetWare evolved from a very simple concept: file sharing instead of disk sharing. By controlling access at the level of individual files, instead of entire disks, files could be locked and better access control implemented. In 1983 when the first versions of NetWare originated, all other competing products were based on the concept of providing shared direct disk access. Novell's alternative approach was validated by IBM in 1984, which helped promote the NetWare product.
Novell NetWare shares disk space in the form of NetWare volumes, comparable to logical volumes. Client workstations running DOS run a special terminate and stay resident (TSR) program that allows them to map a local drive letter to a NetWare volume. Clients log into a server in order to be allowed to map volumes, and access can be restricted according to the login name. Similarly, they can connect to shared printers on the dedicated print server, and print as if the printer is connected locally.
At the end of the 1990s, with Internet connectivity booming, the Internet's TCP/IP protocol became dominant on LANs. Novell had introduced limited TCP/IP support in NetWare 3.x () and 4.x (), consisting mainly of FTP services and UNIX-style LPR/LPD printing (available in NetWare 3.x), and a Novell-developed webserver (in NetWare 4.x). Native TCP/IP support for the client file and print services normally associated with NetWare was introduced in NetWare 5.0 (released in 1998). There was also a short-lived product, NWIP, that encapsulated IPX in TCP/IP, intended to ease transition of an existing NetWare environment from IPX to IP.
During the early to mid-1980s Microsoft introduced their own LAN system in LAN Manager, based on the competing NBF protocol. Early attempts to compete with NetWare failed, but this changed with the inclusion of improved networking support in Windows for Workgroups, and then the successful Windows NT and Windows 95. NT, in particular, offered a sub-set of NetWare's services, but on a system that could also be used on a desktop, and due to the vertical integration there was no need for a third-party client.
Early years
NetWare originated from consulting work by SuperSet Software, a group founded by the friends Drew Major, Dale Neibaur, Kyle Powell and later Mark Hurst. This work stemmed from their classwork at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, starting in October 1981.
In 1981, Raymond Noorda engaged the work by the SuperSet team. The team was originally assigned to create a CP/M disk sharing system to help network the Motorola 68000-based hardware that Novell sold at the time. The first S-Net is CP/M-68K-based and shares a hard disk. In 1983, the team was privately convinced that CP/M was a doomed platform and instead came up with a successful file-sharing system for the newly introduced IBM-compatible PC. They also wrote an application called Snipes – a text-mode game – and used it to test the new network and demonstrate its capabilities. Snipes [aka 'NSnipes' for 'Network Snipes'] is the first network application ever written for a commercial personal computer, and it is recognized as one of the precursors of many popular multiplayer games such as Doom and Quake.
First called ShareNet or S-Net, this network operating system (NOS) was later called Novell NetWare. NetWare is based on the NetWare Core Protocol (NCP), which is a packet-based protocol that enables a client to send requests to and receive replies from a NetWare server. Initially, NCP was directly tied to the IPX/SPX protocol, and NetWare communicated natively using only IPX/SPX.
The first product to bear the NetWare name was released in 1983. The original product, NetWare 68 (AKA S-Net), ran on Novell's proprietary 68000-based file server hardware, and used a star network topology. This was later joined by NetWare 86, which could use conventional Intel 8086-based PCs for the server. This was replaced in 1985 with Advanced NetWare 86, which allowed more than one server on the same network. In 1986, after the Intel 80286 processor became available, Novell released Advanced NetWare 286. Two versions were offered for sale; the basic version was sold as ELS I, plus an enhanced version, ELS II. *ELS* stood for "Entry Level System".
NetWare 286 2.x
Advanced NetWare version 2.x, launched in 1986, was written for the then-new 80286 CPU. The 80286 CPU features a new 16-bit protected mode that provides access to up to 16 MiB RAM as well as new mechanisms to aid multi-tasking. (Prior to the 80286, PC CPU servers used the Intel 8088/8086 8-/16-bit processors, which are limited to an address space of 1 MiB with not more than 640 KiB of directly addressable RAM.) The combination of a higher 16 MiB RAM limit, 80286 processor feature utilization, and 256 MB NetWare volume size limit (compared to the 32 MB that DOS allowed at that time) allowed the building of reliable, cost-effective server-based local area networks for the first time. The 16 MiB RAM limit was especially important, since it makes enough RAM available for disk caching to significantly improve performance. This became the key to Novell's performance while also allowing larger networks to be built.
In a significant innovation, NetWare 286 is also hardware-independent, unlike competing network server systems. Novell servers can be assembled using any brand system with an Intel 80286 CPU, any MFM, RLL, ESDI, or SCSI hard drive and any 8- or 16-bit network adapter for which NetWare drivers are available – and 18 different manufacturer's network cards were supported at launch.
The server could support up to four network cards, and these can be a mixture of technologies such as ARCNET, Token Ring and Ethernet. The operating system is provided as a set of compiled object modules that required configuration and linking. Any change to the operating system requires a re-linking of the kernel. Installation also requires the use of a proprietary low-level format program for MFM hard drives called COMPSURF.
The file system used by NetWare 2.x is NetWare File System 286, or NWFS 286, supporting volumes of up to 256 MB. NetWare 286 recognizes 80286 protected mode, extending NetWare's support of RAM from 1 MiB to the full 16 MiB addressable by the 80286. A minimum of 2 MiB is required to start up the operating system; any additional RAM is used for FAT, DET and file caching. Since 16-bit protected mode is implemented in the 80286 and every subsequent Intel x86 processor, NetWare 286 version 2.x will run on any 80286 or later compatible processor.
NetWare 2.x implements a number of features inspired by mainframe and minicomputer systems that were not available in other operating systems of the day. The System Fault Tolerance (SFT) features includes standard read-after-write verification (SFT-I) with on-the-fly bad block re-mapping (at the time, disks did not have that feature built in) and software RAID1 (disk mirroring, SFT-II). The Transaction Tracking System (TTS) optionally protects files against incomplete updates. For single files, this requires only a file attribute to be set. Transactions over multiple files and controlled roll-backs are possible by programming to the TTS API.
NetWare 286 2.x normally requires a dedicated PC to act as the server, where the server uses DOS only as a boot loader to execute the operating system file . All memory is allocated to NetWare; no DOS ran on the server. However, a "non-dedicated" version was also available for price-conscious customers. In this, DOS 3.3 or higher remains in memory, and the processor time-slices between the DOS and NetWare programs, allowing the server computer to be used simultaneously as a network file server and as a user workstation. Because all extended memory (RAM above 1 MiB) is allocated to NetWare, DOS is limited to only 640 KiB; expanded memory managers that used the MMU of 80386 and higher processors, such as EMM386, do not work; 8086-style expanded memory on dedicated plug-in cards is possible however. Time slicing is accomplished using the keyboard interrupt, which requires strict compliance with the IBM PC design model, otherwise performance is affected.
Server licensing on early versions of NetWare 286 is accomplished by using a key card. The key card was designed for an 8-bit ISA bus, and has a serial number encoded on a ROM chip. The serial number has to match the serial number of the NetWare software running on the server. To broaden the hardware base, particularly to machines using the IBM MCA bus, later versions of NetWare 2.x do not require the key card; serialised license floppy disks are used in place of the key cards.
Licensing is normally for 100 users, but two ELS versions were also available. First a 5-user ELS in 1987, and followed by the 8-user ELS 2.12 II in 1988.
NetWare 3.x
NetWare's 3.x range was a major step forward. It began with version 3.0 in 1990, followed quickly by version 3.10 and 3.11 in 1991.
A key feature was support for 32-bit protected mode, eliminating the 16 MiB memory limit of NetWare 286 and therefore allowing larger hard drives to be supported (since NetWare 3.x cached the entire file allocation table and directory entry table into memory for improved performance).
NetWare version 3.x was also much simpler to install, with disk and network support provided by software modules called a NetWare Loadable Module (NLM) loaded either at start-up or when it was needed. NLMs could also add functionality such as anti-virus software, backup software, database and web servers. Support for long filenames was also provided by an NLM.
A new file system was introduced by NetWare 3.x – "NetWare File System 386", or NWFS 386, which significantly extended volume capacity (1 TB, 4 GB files), and could handle up to 16 volume segments spanning multiple physical disk drives. Volume segments could be added while the server was in use and the volume was mounted, allowing a server to be expanded without interruption.
In NetWare 386 3.x all NLMs ran on the server at the same level of processor memory protection, known as "ring 0". This provided the best possible performance, it sacrificed reliability because there was no memory protection, and furthermore NetWare 3.x used a co-operative multitasking model, meaning that an NLM was required to yield to the kernel regularly. For either of these reasons a badly behaved NLM could result in a fatal (ABEND) error.
NetWare continued to be administered using console-based utilities.
With version 3.x, Novell increased the rigors of compatibility testing with their third-party vendors, revamping their certification program in October 1992 and unveiling a two-tier cooperating marketing program. The first tier provided Novell's vendors a package containing a compatibility guideline book, engineering support lines, self-testing tools, and limited marketing resources, the latter including a license to promote products with a logo stating "Yes, it runs with NetWare" – all free of charge and followed at the vendors' discretion. The second tier required a one-time application fee of $7,000 but replaced the logo's byline with a more confident-sounding "Yes, it's NetWare tested and approved" and accorded partners with more extensive support, including on-location testing by Novell Labs. Initially limited to the United States, this program was rolled out in the United Kingdom in the following year.
For a while, Novell also marketed an OEM version of NetWare 3, called Portable NetWare, together with OEMs such as Hewlett-Packard, DEC and Data General, who ported Novell source code to run on top of their Unix operating systems. Portable NetWare did not sell well.
While NetWare 3.x was current, Novell introduced its first high-availability clustering system, named NetWare SFT-III, which allowed a logical server to be completely mirrored to a separate physical machine. Implemented as a shared-nothing cluster, under SFT-III the OS was logically split into an interrupt-driven I/O engine and the event-driven OS core. The I/O engines serialized their interrupts (disk, network etc.) into a combined event stream that was fed to two identical copies of the system engine through a fast (typically 100 Mbit/s) inter-server link. Because of its non-preemptive nature, the OS core, stripped of non-deterministic I/O, behaves deterministically, like a large finite state machine. The outputs of the two system engines were compared to ensure proper operation, and two copies fed back to the I/O engines. Using the existing SFT-II software RAID functionality present in the core, disks could be mirrored between the two machines without special hardware. The two machines could be separated as far as the server-to-server link would permit. In case of a server or disk failure, the surviving server could take over client sessions transparently after a short pause since it had full state information. SFT-III was the first NetWare version able to make use of SMP hardware – the I/O engine could optionally be run on its own CPU. NetWare SFT-III, ahead of its time in several ways, was a mixed success.
With NetWare 3 an improved routing protocol, NetWare Link Services Protocol, has been introduced which scales better than Routing Information Protocol and allows building large networks.
NetWare 4.x
Version 4 in 1993 introduced NetWare Directory Services, later re-branded as Novell Directory Services (NDS), based on X.500, which replaced the Bindery with a global directory service, in which the infrastructure was described and managed in a single place. Additionally, NDS provided an extensible schema, allowing the introduction of new object types. This allowed a single user authentication to NDS to govern access to any server in the directory tree structure. Users could therefore access network resources no matter on which server they resided, although user license counts were still tied to individual servers. (Large enterprises could opt for a license model giving them essentially unlimited per-server users if they let Novell audit their total user count.)
Version 4 also introduced a number of useful tools and features, such as transparent compression at file system level and RSA public/private encryption.
Another new feature was the NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface (NASI). It allowed network sharing of multiple serial devices, such as modems. Client port redirection occurred via a DOS or Windows driver allowing companies to consolidate modems and analog phone lines.
NetWare for OS/2
Promised as early as 1988, when the Microsoft-IBM collaboration was still ongoing and OS/2 1.x was still a 16-bit product, the product didn't become commercially available until after IBM and Microsoft had parted ways and OS/2 2.0 had become a 32-bit, pre-emptive multitasking and multithreading OS.
By August 1993, Novell released its first version of "NetWare for OS/2". This first release supported OS/2 2.1 (1993) as the base OS, and required that users first buy and install IBM OS/2, then purchase NetWare 4.01, and then install the NetWare for OS/2 product. It retailed for $200.
By around 1995, and coincidental with IBM's renewed marketing push for its 32-bit OS/2 Warp OS, both as a desktop client and as a LAN server (OS/2 Warp Server), NetWare for OS/2 began receiving some good press coverage. "NetWare 4.1 for OS/2" allowed to run Novell's network stack and server modules on top of IBM's 32-bit kernel and network stack. It was basically NetWare 4.x running as a service on top of OS/2. It was compatible with third party client and server utilities and NetWare Loadable Modules.
Since IBM's 32-bit OS/2 included Netbios, IPX/SPX and TCP/IP support, this means that sysadmins could run all three most popular network stacks on a single box, and use the OS/2 box as a workstation too. NetWare for OS/2 shared memory on the system with OS/2 seamlessly. The book "Client Server survival Guide with OS/2" described it as "glue code that lets the unmodified NetWare 4.x server program think it owns all resources on a OS/2 system". It also claimed that a NetWare server running on top of OS/2 only suffered a 5% to 10% overhead over NetWare running over the bare metal hardware, while gaining OS/2's pre-emptive multitasking and object oriented GUI.
Novell continued releasing bugfixes and updates to NetWare for OS/2 up to 1998.
Strategic mistakes
Novell's strategy with NetWare 286 2.x and 3.x proved very successful; before the arrival of Windows NT Server, Novell claimed 90% of the market for PC based servers.
While the design of NetWare 3.x and later involved a DOS partition to load NetWare server files; while of little technical import (DOS merely loaded NetWare into memory and turned execution over to it; in later versions, DOS could be unloaded from RAM), this feature became a marketing liability. Additionally, the NetWare console remained text-based, when the Windows graphical interface gained widespread acceptance. Novell could have eliminated this technical liability by retaining the design of NetWare 286, which installed the server file into a Novell partition and allowed the server to boot from the Novell partition without creating a bootable DOS partition. Novell finally added support for this in a Support Pack for NetWare 6.5.
As Novell initially used IPX/SPX instead of TCP/IP, they were poorly positioned to take advantage of the Internet in 1995. This resulted in Novell servers being bypassed for routing and Internet access in favor of hardware routers, Unix-based operating systems such as FreeBSD, and SOCKS and HTTP Proxy Servers on Windows and other operating systems.
A decision by the management of Novell also took away the ability of independent resellers and engineers to recommend and sell the product. The reduction of their effective sales force created this downward spiral in sales.
NetWare 4.1x and NetWare for Small Business
Novell priced NetWare 4.10 similarly to NetWare 3.12, allowing customers who resisted NDS (typically small businesses) to try it at no cost.
Later Novell released NetWare version 4.11 in 1996 which included many enhancements that made the operating system easier to install, easier to operate, faster, and more stable. It also included the first full 32-bit client for Microsoft Windows-based workstations, SMP support and the NetWare Administrator (NWADMIN or NWADMN32), a GUI-based administration tool for NetWare. Previous administration tools used the Cworthy interface, the character-based GUI tools such as SYSCON and PCONSOLE with blue text-based background. Some of these tools survive to this day, for instance MONITOR.NLM.
Novell packaged NetWare 4.11 with its Web server, TCP/IP support and the Netscape browser into a bundle dubbed IntranetWare (also written as intraNetWare). A version designed for networks of 25 or fewer users was named IntranetWare for Small Business and contained a limited version of NDS and tried to simplify NDS administration. The intranetWare name was dropped in NetWare 5.
During this time Novell also began to leverage its directory service, NDS, by tying their other products into the directory. Their e-mail system, GroupWise, was integrated with NDS, and Novell released many other directory-enabled products such as ZENworks and BorderManager.
NetWare still required IPX/SPX as NCP used it, but Novell started to acknowledge the demand for TCP/IP with NetWare 4.11 by including tools and utilities that made it easier to create intranets and link networks to the Internet. Novell bundled tools, such as the IPX/IP gateway, to ease the connection between IPX workstations and IP networks. It also began integrating Internet technologies and support through features such as a natively hosted web server.
NetWare 5.x
With the release of NetWare 5 in October 1998 Novell switched its primary NCP interface from the IPX/SPX network protocol to TCP/IP to meet market demand. Products continued to support IPX/SPX, but the emphasis shifted to TCP/IP. New features included:
a GUI for NetWare
Novell Storage Services (NSS), a file system to replace the traditional NetWare File System (which Novell continued to support)
Java virtual machine for NetWare
Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS), an infrastructure for printing over networks
ConsoleOne, a Java-based GUI administration console
directory-enabled Public key infrastructure services (PKIS)
directory-enabled DNS and DHCP servers
support for Storage Area Networks (SANs)
Novell Cluster Services (NCS), a replacement for SFT-III
Oracle 8i with a 5-user license
The Cluster Services improved on SFT-III, as NCS did not require specialized hardware or identical server configurations.
Novell released NetWare 5 during a time when NetWare's market share had started dropping precipitously; many companies and organizations replaced their NetWare servers with servers running Microsoft's Windows NT operating system.
Around this time Novell also released their last upgrade to the NetWare 4 operating system, NetWare 4.2.
NetWare 5 and above supported Novell NetStorage for Internet-based access to files stored within NetWare.
Novell released NetWare 5.1 in January 2000. It introduced a number of tools, such as:
IBM WebSphere Application Server
NetWare Management Portal (later called Novell Remote Manager), web-based management of the operating system
FTP, NNTP and streaming-media servers
NetWare Web Search Server
WebDAV support
NetWare 6.0
NetWare 6 was released in October 2001, shortly after its predecessor. This version has a simplified licensing scheme based on users, not server connections. This allows unlimited connections per user to any number of NetWare servers in the network. Novell Cluster Services was also improved to support 32-node clusters; the base NetWare 6.0 product included a two-node clustering license.
NetWare 6.5
NetWare 6.5 was released in August 2003. Some of the new features in this version included:
more open-source products such as PHP, MySQL and OpenSSH
a port of the Bash shell and a lot of traditional Unix utilities such as wget, grep, awk and sed to provide additional capabilities for scripting
iSCSI support (both target and initiator)
Virtual Office – an "out of the box" web portal for end users providing access to e-mail, personal file storage, company address book, etc.
Domain controller functionality
Universal password
DirXML Starter Pack – synchronization of user accounts with another eDirectory tree, a Windows NT domain or Active Directory.
exteNd Application Server – a Java EE 1.3-compatible application server
support for customized printer driver profiles and printer usage auditing
NX bit support
support for USB storage devices
support for encrypted volumes
The latest – and apparently last – Service Pack for NetWare 6.5 is SP8, released May 2009.
Open Enterprise Server
1.0
In 2003, Novell announced the successor product to NetWare: Open Enterprise Server (OES). First released in March 2005, OES completes the separation of the services traditionally associated with NetWare (such as Directory Services, and file-and-print) from the platform underlying the delivery of those services. OES is essentially a set of applications (eDirectory, NetWare Core Protocol services, iPrint, etc.) that can run atop either a Linux or a NetWare kernel platform. Clustered OES implementations can even migrate services from Linux to NetWare and back again, making Novell one of the very few vendors to offer a multi-platform clustering solution.
Consequent to Novell's acquisitions of Ximian and the German Linux distributor SuSE, Novell moved away from NetWare and shifted its focus towards Linux. Marketing was focused on getting faithful NetWare users to move to the Linux platform for future releases. The clearest indication of this direction was Novell's controversial decision to release Open Enterprise Server on Linux only, not NetWare. Novell later watered down this decision and stated that NetWare's 90 million users would be supported until at least 2015. Meanwhile, many former NetWare customers rejected the confusing mix of licensed software running on an open-source Linux operating system in favor of moving to complete Open Source solutions such as those offered by Red Hat.
2.0
OES 2 was released on 8 October 2007. It includes NetWare 6.5 SP7, which supports running as a paravirtualized guest inside the Xen hypervisor and new Linux based version using SLES10.
New features include
64-bit support
Virtualization
Dynamic Storage Technology, which provide Shadow Volumes
Domain services for Windows (provided in OES 2 service pack 1)
From the 1990s
some organizations still used Novell NetWare, but it had started to lose popularity from the mid-1990s, when NetWare was the de facto standard for file- and printer-sharing software for the Intel x86 server platform.
Microsoft successfully took market share from NetWare products from the late-1990s. Microsoft's more aggressive marketing was aimed directly at non-technical management through major magazines, while Novell NetWare's was through more technical magazines read by IT personnel.
Novell did not adapt their pricing structure to current market conditions, and NetWare sales suffered.
NetWare Lite / Personal NetWare
NetWare Lite and Personal NetWare were a series of peer-to-peer networks developed by Novell for DOS- and Windows-based computers aimed at personal users and small businesses between 1991 and 1995.
Performance
NetWare dominated the network operating system (NOS) market from the mid-1980s through the mid- to late-1990s due to its extremely high performance relative to other NOS technologies. Most benchmarks during this period demonstrated a 5:1 to 10:1 performance advantage over products from Microsoft, Banyan, and others. One noteworthy benchmark pitted NetWare 3.x running NFS services over TCP/IP (not NetWare's native IPX protocol) against a dedicated Auspex NFS server and an SCO Unix server running NFS service. NetWare NFS outperformed both 'native' NFS systems and claimed a 2:1 performance advantage over SCO Unix NFS on the same hardware.
The reasons for NetWare's performance advantage are given below.
File service instead of disk service
When first developed, nearly all LAN storage was based on the disk server model. This meant that if a client computer wanted to read a particular block from a particular file it would have to issue the following requests across the relatively slow LAN:
Read first block of directory
Continue reading subsequent directory blocks until the directory block containing the information on the desired file was found, could be many directory blocks
Read through multiple file entry blocks until the block containing the location of the desired file block was found, could be many directory blocks
Read the desired data block
NetWare, since it was based on a file service model, interacted with the client at the file API level:
Send file open request (if this hadn't already been done)
Send a request for the desired data from the file
All of the work of searching the directory to figure out where the desired data was physically located on the disk was performed at high speed locally on the server.
By the mid-1980s, most NOS products had shifted from the disk service to the file service model. Today, the disk service model is making a comeback, see SAN.
Aggressive caching
From the start, the NetWare design focused on servers with copious amounts of RAM. The entire file allocation table (FAT) was read into RAM when a volume was mounted, thereby requiring a minimum amount of RAM proportional to online disk space; adding a disk to a server would often require a RAM upgrade as well. Unlike most competing network operating systems prior to Windows NT, NetWare automatically used all otherwise unused RAM for caching active files, employing delayed write-backs to facilitate re-ordering of disk requests (elevator seeks). An unexpected shutdown could therefore corrupt data, making an uninterruptible power supply practically a mandatory part of a server installation.
The default dirty cache delay time was fixed at 2.2 seconds in NetWare 286 versions 2.x. Starting with NetWare 386 3.x, the dirty disk cache delay time and dirty directory cache delay time settings controlled the amount of time the server would cache changed ("dirty") data before saving (flushing) the data to a hard drive. The default setting of 3.3 seconds could be decreased to 0.5 seconds but not reduced to zero, while the maximum delay was 10 seconds. The option to increase the cache delay to 10 seconds provided a significant performance boost. Windows 2000 and 2003 server do not allow adjustment to the cache delay time. Instead, they use an algorithm that adjusts cache delay.
Efficiency of NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)
Most network protocols in use at the time NetWare was developed didn't trust the network to deliver messages. A typical client file read would work something like this:
Client sends read request to server
Server acknowledges request
Client acknowledges acknowledgement
Server sends requested data to client
Client acknowledges data
Server acknowledges acknowledgement
In contrast, NCP was based on the idea that networks worked perfectly most of the time, so the reply to a request served as the acknowledgement. Here is an example of a client read request using this model:
Client sends read request to server
Server sends requested data to client
All requests contained a sequence number, so if the client didn't receive a response within an appropriate amount of time it would re-send the request with the same sequence number. If the server had already processed the request it would resend the cached response, if it had not yet had time to process the request it would only send a "positive acknowledgement". The bottom line to this 'trust the network' approach was a 2/3 reduction in network transactions and the associated latency.
Non-preemptive OS designed for network services
One of the raging debates of the 1990s was whether it was more appropriate for network file service to be performed by a software layer running on top of a general purpose operating system, or by a special purpose operating system. NetWare was a special purpose operating system, not a timesharing OS. It was written from the ground up as a platform for client-server processing services. Initially it focused on file and print services, but later demonstrated its flexibility by running database, email, web and other services as well. It also performed efficiently as a router, supporting IPX, TCP/IP, and Appletalk, though it never offered the flexibility of a 'hardware' router.
In 4.x and earlier versions, NetWare did not support preemption, virtual memory, graphical user interfaces, etc. Processes and services running under the NetWare OS were expected to be cooperative, that is to process a request and return control to the OS in a timely fashion. On the down side, this trust of application processes to manage themselves could lead to a misbehaving application bringing down the server.
See also
Novell NetWare Access Server (NAS)
Comparison of operating systems
Btrieve
NCOPY
References
Further reading
External links
NetWare Cool Solutions – Tips & tricks, guides, tools and other resources submitted by the NetWare community
Another brief history of NetWare
Epic uptime of NetWare 3 server, arstechnica.com
1983 software
Network operating systems
NetWare
Proprietary software
X86 operating systems
PowerPC operating systems
MIPS operating systems
Discontinued operating systems |
The Bombardment of Algiers in August 1783 was a failed attempt by Spain to put an end to Algerine privateering against Spanish shipping. A Spanish fleet of 70, sailing under Rear Admiral Antonio Barceló, bombarded the city eight times between August 4–8 but inflicted only minor damages to the Algerine military. Both Spaniards and Algerines fought poorly, but Barceló, blaming unfavorable weather conditions, gave the order to withdraw. His expedition was judged a failure at the Spanish court, being described as a "festival of fireworks too costly and long for how little it entertained the Moors and how it was used by whomever paid for it".
Background
In 1775, a Spanish fleet of 51 ships under Don Pedro de Castejón escorted a landing force of 20,000 infantry, 800 cavalry, and 900 artillerymen in 450 transports against the most persistent of the Barbary raiders, the city of Algiers. The expedition of Count Alexander O'Reilly (an Irish soldier in the Spanish army) punished the Barbary port and inflicted 5,000 casualties on the Algerians, but took severe losses in return, amounting to 27 officers and about 500 enlisted men killed and 191 officers and over 2,000 enlisted men wounded.
The Algerine privateering against Spanish vessels increased following the disastrous invasion of Algiers in 1775. Spain tried to reach a peace agreement with the Ottoman Regency with the aim of securing their commercial traffic along the Mediterranean. Don Juan de Bouligny was sent to Constantinople in 1782 and managed to obtain a friendship and commercial agreement with Sultan Abdul Hamid I. The Regency, nevertheless, denied to accept the treaty. The Dey, influenced by several of his officers, the fasnachi, the treasurer, the focha, the Codgia of the cavalry and the Aga of the infantry, opted for war, ignoring the recommendations of his naval officers. The Spanish chief minister, the Count of Floridablanca, then tried in vain to bribe the Dey with gold to open negotiations for peace.
King Charles III, feeling that the national pride of Spain had been offended by the Algerines, resolved to punish them by bombarding their town. Rear admiral Antonio Barceló was appointed to carry out the attack. Though he was by far the most capable naval officer of Spain and one of the few who had risen through the ranks by merit, Barceló's designation was coldly received both by the Spanish court and military. The Rear admiral was old and illiterate and of humble extraction, which, together with his naval victories, earned him the envy of most of the senior Spanish officers.
Bombardment
Barceló sailed from Cartagena on July 2 ahead of 4 ships of the line, 4 frigates and 68 small vessels, including gunboats and bomb vessels. The Algerines had no more than 2 demi-galleons of 5 guns each, a felucca of 6, two xebecs of 4 guns each, and 6 gunboats carrying 12 and 24-pounders to oppose them. On 29 July the Spanish fleet came in sight of the town and two days later Barceló formed his line of battle and made the necessary dispositions for the attack. The bomb-ketches and gunboats, supported by xebecs and other vessels, formed the vanguard, the whole being covered by the ships of line and frigates.
The cannonade and bombardment commenced at 14:30, and continued without intermission till sunset. The attack was renewed on the following, and on every succeeding day until the 9th, when it was resolved at a council of war, for sufficient reasons, to return immediately to Spain. In the course of these attacks 3732 mortar shells and 3833 rounds of shot were discharged by the Spaniards, and the Algerines returned 399 mortar shells and 11,284 rounds of shot. This vast expenditure of ammunition produced no corresponding effect on either side: the town was repeatedly set on fire, but the flames were soon subdued.
Following the example of the Great Siege of Gibraltar, the garrison used red-hot balls, but they did not produce a similar effect. The Algerines made several bold sallies with their small vessels, but were constantly repulsed by the superiority of fire from the fleet. While the Dey had taken refuge at his citadel, the weight of the defense was sustained by an improvised militia composed mostly of teenagers. 25 Algerine heavy guns purchased in Denmark had blown up during the battle due to their misuse or bad conditions. In addition, 562 buildings were destroyed or damaged by the bombardment, an insignificant figure given that Algiers consisted of 5,000 buildings and that the whole town was exposed to the Spanish fire. Otherwise, only one gunboat was lost by the defenders. The Spanish casualties were also minimum: 26 killed and 14 wounded.
Aftermath
According to the official version released by the Spanish government, the withdrawal was due to bad weather, an excuse not credible, given that the weather conditions in the Mediterranean are favorable to navigation in the summer. Among the measures used to present the bombing as a success, the most significant was that of numerous promotions among the participants. The Spanish 'victory' was sung by numerous poems, most of them exaggerated and of bad taste, but in fact nothing had been achieved. Two months later, five Algerian privateers captured two Spanish merchant vessels near Palamós as a gesture of defiance, and a new, far bigger expedition had to be assembled to attack Algiers again the following year.
Notes
References
1783 in the Ottoman Empire
1783 in Africa
1783 in Spain
Algiers
Algiers
Algiers
18th century in Algiers |
is a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Kashiwa, Chiba. He made his debut in November 2017 and reached the top makuuchi division in May 2020. He wrestles for Sadogatake stable. His highest rank has been maegashira 3. He was runner-up in the January 2023 tournament, also winning the Fighting Spirit prize.
Career
He began sumo in the first grade of elementary school, and won the national junior high school championship in his third year of junior high. He went to Saitama Sakae High School, famous for its sumo program, and was classmates with Naya and Tsukahara. After graduating from high school he joined Sadogatake stable, recruited by ex-sekiwake Kotonowaka, to whom he had a connection as Kotonowaka's eldest son was a fellow member of Kashiwa City's boys sumo club. He made his professional debut in November 2017, using the shikona of , based on his own name. In his first tournament on the banzuke in January 2018 he took part in a playoff with Tsukahara for the jonokuchi division championship after both finished with a 6–1 record. He reached the makushita division in September 2018 and although he was unable to secure a winning record he returned to makushita in January 2019 and five straight winning records saw him reach elite sekitori status after the September 2019 tournament. To mark the occasion he changed his shikona to Kotoshōhō Yoshinari.
Kotoshōhō won the jūryō division yūshō or championship with a 12–3 record in March 2020, only his third tournament in the division, and this earned him promotion to the top division for the Natsu tournament scheduled for May 2020. He has been praised by commentators for his calm demeanour and his maturity in the dohyō despite being only 20 years of age at the time of his promotion. Three further winning records brought him to the joi-jin rank of maegashira 3 for the January 2021 tournament, where he managed only two wins facing top-ranked opposition. He missed several days of the March 2021 tournament due to injury, only managing to record one win, and he was demoted back to jūryō for the May 2021 tournament. He won his second jūryō division championship in January 2022 with an 11–4 record, and returned to the top division for the March 2022 tournament.
He secured a winning record of 9–6 there, but then had losing records in the next four tournaments. From the rank of maegashira 13 in January 2023, he entered the final day level with ōzeki Takakeishō on 11–3, and fought him for the championship in the final match of the tournament, the first maegashira to be in such a position since 15-day tournaments were established in 1949. Although he was defeated and missed out on the Outstanding Performance award, he did receive the Fighting Spirit award for his 11–4 performance, the best of his career. Kotoshōhō withdrew on Day 10 of the May 2023 tournament due to a patellar subluxation in his left knee, after having suffered eight consecutive defeats. He also had sprained his right ankle during the spring jungyō. He nevertheless expressed his desire to return to the competition and was later scheduled to return on Day fourteen.
Fighting style
According to his Japan Sumo Association profile, Kotoshoho prefers a migi-yotsu (left hand outside, right hand inside grip on his opponent’s mawashi and his most common winning kimarite are yori-kiri (force out) and oshi dashi (push out).
Personal life
Kotoshōhō has a younger brother who also wrestles as a professional in the same stable under the ring name Kototebakari, a shikona inspired by both brothers' real surname.
In June 2023, Kotoshōhō held a press conference at Ryōgoku Kokugikan to announce his engagement to a woman of the same age, living in Yame, Fukuoka Prefecture, to whom he proposed after the May 2023 tournament. Although he and his wife don't plan to live together until August of the same year, it was announced in July that the couple were expecting their first child, a boy.
Career record
See also
List of active sumo wrestlers
List of sumo tournament top division runners-up
List of sumo second division tournament champions
Glossary of sumo terms
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Sumo people from Chiba Prefecture
Sadogatake stable sumo wrestlers |
Pseudoniscus is a genus of synziphosurine, a paraphyletic group of fossil chelicerate arthropods. Pseudoniscus was regarded as part of the clade Planaterga. Fossils of the genus have been discovered in deposits of the Silurian period in the United Kingdom (Patrick Burn Formation), the United States and Estonia. Pseudoniscus is one of the two members of the family Pseudoniscidae, the other being Cyamocephalus.
The prosoma of Pseudoniscus covered by a carapace with recurved posterior margin and pointed genal spines. Most of the dorsal feature on the carapace (e.g. ophthalmic ridges, cardiac lobe) are not significantly expressed. At least some species have a median spine in front of the carapace like the close-related Cyamocephalus. Unlike most other synziphosurines with opisthosoma subdivided into a wide preabdomen and narrow postabdomen, the 10-segmented opisthosoma of Pseudoniscus possess undivided, metameric segmentation similar to Pasternakevia. Within Pseudoniscus, P. roosevelti is one of the few synziphosurines that confirmed to have lateral compound eyes, while the remain species lacking unambiguous evidence of it.
References
Synziphosurina
Planaterga
Silurian first appearances
Silurian arthropods
Fossils of Scotland
Fossils of the United States
Fossils of Estonia
Fossil taxa described in 1859 |
Chazeuil is the name of the following communes in France:
Chazeuil, Côte-d'Or, in the Côte-d'Or department
Chazeuil, Nièvre, in the Nièvre department |
```javascript
// @flow
import React from 'react';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import {
FlashMessage as ErrorFlashMessage,
ConnectApp,
appReducers,
utils,
} from '@appbaseio/dejavu-browser';
import SearchSandbox from '../batteries/components/SearchSandbox';
import BaseContainer from '../batteries/components/BaseContainer';
import Editor from '../batteries/components/SearchSandbox/containers/Editor';
const { getIsConnected, getAppname, getUrl } = appReducers;
const { parseUrl } = utils;
type Props = {
isConnected: boolean,
appName?: string,
rawUrl?: string,
};
const SearchPreview = ({ isConnected, appName, rawUrl }: Props) => {
const { credentials, url } = parseUrl(rawUrl);
return (
<section>
<ErrorFlashMessage />
<ConnectApp />
{isConnected && (
<BaseContainer
appName={appName}
shouldFetchAppPlan={false}
shouldFetchAppInfo={false}
url={url}
>
<SearchSandbox
appName={appName}
credentials={credentials}
url={url}
>
<Editor mappingsURL="path_to_url" />
</SearchSandbox>
</BaseContainer>
)}
</section>
);
};
const mapStateToProps = state => ({
isConnected: getIsConnected(state),
appName: getAppname(state),
rawUrl: getUrl(state),
});
export default connect(mapStateToProps)(SearchPreview);
``` |
```turing
BEGIN {
require Config; import Config;
if ($Config{'extensions'} !~ /\bEncode\b/) {
print "1..0 # Skip: Encode was not built\n";
exit 0;
}
if (ord("A") == 193) {
print "1..0 # Skip: EBCDIC\n";
exit 0;
}
unless (PerlIO::Layer->find('perlio')){
print "1..0 # Skip: PerlIO required\n";
exit 0;
}
$| = 1;
}
use strict;
use File::Basename;
use File::Spec;
use File::Compare qw(compare_text);
use File::Copy;
use FileHandle;
#use Test::More qw(no_plan);
use Test::More tests => 38;
our $DEBUG = 0;
use Encode (":all");
{
no warnings;
@ARGV and $DEBUG = shift;
#require Encode::JP::JIS7;
#require Encode::KR::2022_KR;
#$Encode::JP::JIS7::DEBUG = $DEBUG;
}
my $seq = 0;
my $dir = dirname(__FILE__);
my %e =
(
jisx0208 => [ qw/euc-jp shiftjis 7bit-jis iso-2022-jp iso-2022-jp-1/],
ksc5601 => [ qw/euc-kr/],
gb2312 => [ qw/euc-cn hz/],
);
$/ = "\x0a"; # may fix VMS problem for test #28 and #29
for my $src (sort keys %e) {
my $ufile = File::Spec->catfile($dir,"$src.utf");
open my $fh, "<:utf8", $ufile or die "$ufile : $!";
my @uline = <$fh>;
my $utext = join('' => @uline);
close $fh;
for my $e (@{$e{$src}}){
my $sfile = File::Spec->catfile($dir,"$$.sio");
my $pfile = File::Spec->catfile($dir,"$$.pio");
# first create a file without perlio
dump2file($sfile, &encode($e, $utext, 0));
# then create a file via perlio without autoflush
SKIP:{
skip "$e: !perlio_ok", 4 unless (perlio_ok($e) or $DEBUG);
no warnings 'uninitialized';
open $fh, ">:encoding($e)", $pfile or die "$sfile : $!";
$fh->autoflush(0);
print $fh $utext;
close $fh;
$seq++;
is(compare_text($sfile, $pfile), 0 => ">:encoding($e)");
if ($DEBUG){
copy $sfile, "$sfile.$seq";
copy $pfile, "$pfile.$seq";
}
# this time print line by line.
# works even for ISO-2022 but not ISO-2022-KR
open $fh, ">:encoding($e)", $pfile or die "$sfile : $!";
$fh->autoflush(1);
for my $l (@uline) {
print $fh $l;
}
close $fh;
$seq++;
is(compare_text($sfile, $pfile), 0 => ">:encoding($e) by lines");
if ($DEBUG){
copy $sfile, "$sfile.$seq";
copy $pfile, "$pfile.$seq";
}
my $dtext;
open $fh, "<:encoding($e)", $pfile or die "$pfile : $!";
$fh->autoflush(0);
$dtext = join('' => <$fh>);
close $fh;
$seq++;
ok($utext eq $dtext, "<:encoding($e)");
if ($DEBUG){
dump2file("$sfile.$seq", $utext);
dump2file("$pfile.$seq", $dtext);
}
if (perlio_ok($e) or $DEBUG){
$dtext = '';
open $fh, "<:encoding($e)", $pfile or die "$pfile : $!";
while(defined(my $l = <$fh>)) {
$dtext .= $l;
}
close $fh;
}
$seq++;
ok($utext eq $dtext, "<:encoding($e) by lines");
if ($DEBUG){
dump2file("$sfile.$seq", $utext);
dump2file("$pfile.$seq", $dtext);
}
}
if ( ! $DEBUG ) {
1 while unlink ($sfile);
1 while unlink ($pfile);
}
}
}
# BOM Test
SKIP:{
my $pev = PerlIO::encoding->VERSION;
skip "PerlIO::encoding->VERSION = $pev <= 0.07 ", 6
unless ($pev >= 0.07 or $DEBUG);
my $file = File::Spec->catfile($dir,"jisx0208.utf");
open my $fh, "<:utf8", $file or die "$file : $!";
my $str = join('' => <$fh>);
close $fh;
my %bom = (
'UTF-16BE' => pack('n', 0xFeFF),
'UTF-16LE' => pack('v', 0xFeFF),
'UTF-32BE' => pack('N', 0xFeFF),
'UTF-32LE' => pack('V', 0xFeFF),
);
# reading
for my $utf (sort keys %bom){
my $bomed = $bom{$utf} . encode($utf, $str);
my $sfile = File::Spec->catfile($dir,".${utf}_${seq}_$$");
dump2file($sfile, $bomed);
my $utf_nobom = $utf; $utf_nobom =~ s/(LE|BE)$//o;
# reading
open $fh, "<:encoding($utf_nobom)", $sfile or die "$sfile : $!";
my $cmp = join '' => <$fh>;
close $fh;
is($str, $cmp, "<:encoding($utf_nobom) eq $utf");
unlink $sfile; $seq++;
}
# writing
for my $utf_nobom (qw/UTF-16 UTF-32/){
my $utf = $utf_nobom . 'BE';
my $sfile = File::Spec->catfile($dir,".${utf_nobom}_${seq}_$$");
my $bomed = $bom{$utf} . encode($utf, $str);
open $fh, ">:encoding($utf_nobom)", $sfile or die "$sfile : $!";
print $fh $str;
close $fh;
open my $fh, "<:bytes", $sfile or die "$sfile : $!";
read $fh, my $cmp, -s $sfile;
close $fh;
use bytes ();
ok($bomed eq $cmp, ">:encoding($utf_nobom) eq $utf");
unlink $sfile; $seq++;
}
}
sub dump2file{
no warnings;
open my $fh, ">", $_[0] or die "$_[0]: $!";
binmode $fh;
print $fh $_[1];
close $fh;
}
``` |
Vincent J. Giblin (1945 – October 15, 2018) was an American labor union leader.
Born in East Orange, New Jersey, he was the son of John J. Giblin. He became a stationery engineer in 1964, and joined the International Union of Operating Engineers. In 1975, he was elected as business manager of his local union. In 1989, he became an international vice-president of the union, and later won election as the union's secretary-treasurer. In 2005, he was elected as president of the union.
As leader of the union, Giblin founded the National Training Fund, focused on recruiting new members in the southern United States, and set up the Operating Engineers Charity Fund. He was additionally elected as a vice-president of the AFL-CIO. He retired in 2012, following which he was named in a class action lawsuit alleging corruption in the union, but the case was dismissed.
References
1948 births
2018 deaths
American trade union leaders
People from East Orange, New Jersey
Trade unionists from New Jersey
Vice presidents of the AFL–CIO |
The Best of Frederik Pohl is a collection of science fiction short stories by American author Frederik Pohl, edited by Lester del Rey. It was first published in hardcover by Nelson Doubleday in March 1975 as a selection of its Science Fiction Book Club, and in paperback by Ballantine Books in June of the same year as a volume in its Classic Library of Science Fiction, and reprinted in April 1976. The book was reissued in hardcover by Taplinger in 1977. The first British edition was issued in Hardcover in January 1977 by Sidgwick & Jackson, which later gathered it together with The Best of Harry Harrison (1976) into the omnibus volume Science Fiction Special 29 (1978). It has also been translated into Italian and German.
Summary
The book contains nineteen short works of fiction and an afterword by the author, together with an introduction by editor Lester Del Rey.
Contents
"A Variety of Excellence" [introduction] (Lester del Rey)
"The Tunnel Under the World" (from Galaxy Science Fiction, Jan. 1955)
"Punch" (from Playboy, Jun. 1961)
"Three Portraits and a Prayer" (from Galaxy Magazine, Aug. 1962)
"Day Million" (from Rogue, Feb./Mar. 1966)
"Happy Birthday, Dear Jesus" (from Alternating Currents, Feb. 1956)
"We Never Mention Aunt Nora" (from Galaxy Science Fiction, Jul. 1958)
"Father of the Stars" (from If, Nov. 1964)
"The Day the Martians Came" (from Dangerous Visions, Oct. 1967)
"The Midas Plague" (from Galaxy Science Fiction, Apr. 1954)
"The Snowmen" (from Galaxy Magazine, Dec. 1959)
"How to Count on Your Fingers" (from Science Fiction Stories, Sep. 1956)
"Grandy Devil" (from Galaxy Science Fiction, Jun. 1955)
"Speed Trap" (from Playboy, Nov. 1967)
"The Richest Man in Levittown" (from Galaxy Magazine, Apr. 1959)
"The Day the Icicle Works Closed" (from Galaxy Magazine, Feb. 1960)
"The Hated" (from Galaxy Science Fiction, Jan. 1958)
"The Martian in the Attic" (from If, Jul. 1960)
"The Census Takers" (from The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Feb. 1956)
"The Children of Night" (from Galaxy Magazine, Oct. 1964)
"What the Author Has to Say About All This" [afterword]
Reception
The book was reviewed by James K. Burk in Delap's F & SF Review, August 1975, L. J. Knapp in The Science Fiction Review, August 1975, Philip Stephensen-Payne in Paperback Parlour, February 1977, and anonymously in Reclams Science Fiction Führer, 1982.
Awards
The book placed fourteenth in the 1976 Locus Poll Award for Best Single Author Collection.
Notes
1975 short story collections
Science fiction short story collections
Doubleday (publisher) books
Ballantine Books books |
Mariano Matías Martínez (born January 29, 1979 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an Argentine former footballer. He played as a centre forward.
Teams
Atlanta 1999-2001
Los Andes 2001-2002
Platense 2002-2003
Rangers 2003
Almirante Brown 2003-2004
Unión Atlético Maracaibo 2004
Aris Salonica 2004-2005
Unión de Santa Fe 2005
Chacarita Juniors 2006-2007
Almagro 2007
Olimpo de Bahía Blanca 2007-2008
Argentinos Juniors 2008-2009
Arsenal de Sarandí 2009-2010
Huracán 2010
Aldosivi de Mar del Plata 2011
Atlético Tucumán 2011-2012
Deportivo Morón 2012-2015
Club Comunicaciones 2015-2016
External links
Profile at BDFA
1979 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Club Atlético Atlanta footballers
Club Almagro players
Club Almirante Brown footballers
UA Maracaibo players
Club Olimpo footballers
Club Atlético Platense footballers
Atlético Tucumán footballers
Unión de Santa Fe footballers
Rangers de Talca footballers
Chilean Primera División players
Argentine Primera División players
Expatriate men's footballers in Chile
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Venezuela
Men's association football forwards
Club Atlético Los Andes footballers
Aris Thessaloniki F.C. players
Chacarita Juniors footballers
Argentinos Juniors footballers
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
Club Atlético Aldosivi footballers
Deportivo Morón footballers
Club Comunicaciones footballers
Footballers from Buenos Aires |
Brigadier-General Thomas Pakenham, 5th Earl of Longford, KP, MVO (19 October 1864 – 21 August 1915), known as Lord Silchester until 1887, was an Irish peer and soldier.
Biography
Background and early life
Born in Dublin, Longford was the eldest son of William Pakenham, 4th Earl of Longford, and his wife, the Hon. Selina, daughter of George Rice-Trevor, 4th Baron Dynevor, and succeeded in the earldom on his father's death in 1887. Educated at Winchester College, he served in the 2nd Life Guards, achieving the rank of colonel, and also held the honorary post of Lord-Lieutenant of County Longford from 1887 to 1915. In 1901 he was made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick.
Second Boer War
Following the outbreak of the Second Boer War in late 1899, Lord Longford was instrumental in forming a company of volunteers from the Irish Hunt for the Imperial Yeomanry, serving in South Africa. He was formally seconded for service with the Imperial Yeomanry and appointed a captain of the 45th (Dublin) Company on 3 February 1900. The company left for South Africa in the middle of March 1900, and on arrival was attached to the 13th Battalion, Imperial Yeomanry. He was wounded and returned home the following year. In January 1902 he was again seconded for service with the Imperial Yeomanry.
He was appointed in command of the 29th Battalion (composed primarily of officers and men from the Irish Horse), with the temporary rank of Lieutenant-colonel (antedated to 1 January 1902), and left Ireland for South Africa in May 1902. As the senior officer, he was in command of almost 1 150 officers and men on board the transport ship Bavarian for the journey. They arrived in South Africa after the end of hostilities, as the Peace of Vereeniging was signed on 31 May, and returned home only four months later, leaving Cape Town on the SS Dilwara which arrived at Southampton in late October. Lord Longford relinquished command of the 29th battalion on their return.
In Dublin, he was a member of the Kildare Street Club.
First World War and death
During the First World War Lord Longford commanded the 2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade of the 2nd Mounted Division, a yeomanry formation, with the rank of Brigadier-General. The Division was initially based in Egypt but was sent dismounted to Suvla on the Gallipoli peninsula as reinforcements during the Battle of Sari Bair. On 21 August 1915 the Division was in reserve for the final attack on Scimitar Hill. When the initial attack by the 29th Division failed, the yeomanry were ordered to advance in the open across a dry salt lake. Raked by shrapnel fire, most of the brigades halted in the shelter of Green Hill but Longford led his brigade in a charge which captured the summit of the hill. As he continued to advance, he was killed. His last words before his death were, reputedly, "Don't bother ducking, the men don't like it and it doesn't do any good…"
Longford's body was never recovered as the British made no further advances before the evacuation of Suvla on 20 December. His grave is marked as a special memorial in Green Hill Cemetery at Suvla.
Family
Lord Longford married Lady Mary Julia Child-Villiers, daughter of Victor Child-Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, in 1899. They had two sons and four daughters. He was succeeded in the earldom by his elder son, Edward. His second son, Frank, later succeeded his elder brother and became a prominent Labour politician. Longford's daughters were Lady Violet Pakenham, a writer and critic and the wife of the noted novelist Anthony Powell; Lady Mary Clive, author of Christmas at the Savages and other novels; Lady Pansy Lamb, novelist, biographer, and wife of the painter Henry Lamb; and Lady Julia Mount, mother of Sir Ferdinand Mount. The Countess of Longford died in November 1933, aged 56.
Notes
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
1864 births
1915 deaths
Gallipoli campaign
British military personnel killed in World War I
British Army cavalry generals of World War I
British Life Guards officers
Knights of St Patrick
Lord-Lieutenants of Longford
Members of the Royal Victorian Order
Military personnel from Dublin (city)
Thomas
Imperial Yeomanry officers
British Army brigadiers
5 |
Elseya schultzei, commonly known as Schultze's snapping turtle, is a species of chelid turtle endemic to northern New Guinea.
Etymology
The specific name, schultzei, is in honor of German ethnographer Leonhard Schultze-Jena.
Taxonomy
E. schultzei has been largely considered as the same species as Elseya novaeguineae. However, recent studies such as Todd et al. (2013) and Georges et al. (2014) have shown that the species is distinct. Therefore, in their recent revision of the New Guinea Elseya the species was resurrected and restricted to the regions north of the Central Ranges of New Guinea.
Geographic range
E. schulzei is found in New Guinea and Indonesia to the north of the central mountain ranges. It is separated geographically from Elseya novaeguineae, which is only found in West Irian, Indonesia, to the west of the central range and from Elseya rhodini which is only found to the south of the central ranges.
See also
Yolarnie Amepou
References
Elseya (Hanwarachelys)
schultzei
Reptiles described in 1911
Fauna of northern New Guinea
Endemic fauna of Papua New Guinea
Turtles of New Guinea |
Takleh-ye Abbasabad-e Olya (, also Romanized as Takleh-ye ‘Abbāsābād-e ‘Olyā; also known as ‘Abbāsābād-e Bozorg and Qeshlāq-e Yel Ātān) is a village in Tazeh Kand Rural District, Tazeh Kand District, Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. As of the 2006 census, its population was 342, with there being 69 families.
References
Towns and villages in Parsabad County |
```c
/******************************************************************************
*
* Module Name: psparse - Parser top level AML parse routines
*
*****************************************************************************/
/******************************************************************************
*
*
* All rights reserved.
*
*
* 2.1. This is your license from Intel Corp. under its intellectual property
* rights. You may have additional license terms from the party that provided
* you this software, covering your right to use that party's intellectual
* property rights.
*
* copy of the source code appearing in this file ("Covered Code") an
* irrevocable, perpetual, worldwide license under Intel's copyrights in the
* base code distributed originally by Intel ("Original Intel Code") to copy,
* make derivatives, distribute, use and display any portion of the Covered
* Code in any form, with the right to sublicense such rights; and
*
* license (with the right to sublicense), under only those claims of Intel
* patents that are infringed by the Original Intel Code, to make, use, sell,
* offer to sell, and import the Covered Code and derivative works thereof
* solely to the minimum extent necessary to exercise the above copyright
* license, and in no event shall the patent license extend to any additions
* to or modifications of the Original Intel Code. No other license or right
* is granted directly or by implication, estoppel or otherwise;
*
* The above copyright and patent license is granted only if the following
* conditions are met:
*
* 3. Conditions
*
* 3.1. Redistribution of Source with Rights to Further Distribute Source.
* Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered
* Code or modification with rights to further distribute source must include
* and the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision. In addition,
* must include a prominent statement that the modification is derived,
* directly or indirectly, from Original Intel Code.
*
* 3.2. Redistribution of Source with no Rights to Further Distribute Source.
* Redistribution of source code of any substantial portion of the Covered
* Code or modification without rights to further distribute source must
* include the following Disclaimer and Export Compliance provision in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with distribution. In
* portion of the Covered Code, and must include terms to the effect that the
* not to intellectual property embodied in modifications its licensee may
* make.
*
* 3.3. Redistribution of Executable. Redistribution in executable form of any
* substantial portion of the Covered Code or modification must reproduce the
* provision in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
*
* 3.4. Intel retains all right, title, and interest in and to the Original
* Intel Code.
*
* 3.5. Neither the name Intel nor any other trademark owned or controlled by
* Intel shall be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
* other dealings in products derived from or relating to the Covered Code
* without prior written authorization from Intel.
*
* 4. Disclaimer and Export Compliance
*
* 4.1. INTEL MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND REGARDING ANY SOFTWARE PROVIDED
* HERE. ANY SOFTWARE ORIGINATING FROM INTEL OR DERIVED FROM INTEL SOFTWARE
* IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY SUPPORT, ASSISTANCE,
* INSTALLATION, TRAINING OR OTHER SERVICES. INTEL WILL NOT PROVIDE ANY
* UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS OR EXTENSIONS. INTEL SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A
* PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* 4.2. IN NO EVENT SHALL INTEL HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO LICENSEE, ITS LICENSEES
* OR ANY OTHER THIRD PARTY, FOR ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST DATA, LOSS OF USE OR
* COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, OR FOR ANY INDIRECT,
* SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, UNDER ANY
* CAUSE OF ACTION OR THEORY OF LIABILITY, AND IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER INTEL
* HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THESE LIMITATIONS
* SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING THE FAILURE OF THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY
* LIMITED REMEDY.
*
* software or system incorporating such software without first obtaining any
* required license or other approval from the U. S. Department of Commerce or
* any other agency or department of the United States Government. In the
* ensure that the distribution and export/re-export of the software is in
* compliance with all laws, regulations, orders, or other restrictions of the
* any of its subsidiaries will export/re-export any technical data, process,
* software, or service, directly or indirectly, to any country for which the
* United States government or any agency thereof requires an export license,
* other governmental approval, or letter of assurance, without first obtaining
* such license, approval or letter.
*
*****************************************************************************
*
* Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the
* following license:
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer,
* without modification.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce at minimum a disclaimer
* substantially similar to the "NO WARRANTY" disclaimer below
* ("Disclaimer") and any redistribution must be conditioned upon
* including a substantially similar Disclaimer requirement for further
* binary redistribution.
* 3. Neither the names of the above-listed copyright holders nor the names
* of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* Alternatively, you may choose to be licensed under the terms of the
* Software Foundation.
*
*****************************************************************************/
/*
* Parse the AML and build an operation tree as most interpreters,
* like Perl, do. Parsing is done by hand rather than with a YACC
* generated parser to tightly constrain stack and dynamic memory
* usage. At the same time, parsing is kept flexible and the code
* fairly compact by parsing based on a list of AML opcode
* templates in AmlOpInfo[]
*/
#include "acpi.h"
#include "accommon.h"
#include "acparser.h"
#include "acdispat.h"
#include "amlcode.h"
#include "acinterp.h"
#include "acnamesp.h"
#define _COMPONENT ACPI_PARSER
ACPI_MODULE_NAME ("psparse")
/*******************************************************************************
*
* FUNCTION: AcpiPsGetOpcodeSize
*
* PARAMETERS: Opcode - An AML opcode
*
* RETURN: Size of the opcode, in bytes (1 or 2)
*
* DESCRIPTION: Get the size of the current opcode.
*
******************************************************************************/
UINT32
AcpiPsGetOpcodeSize (
UINT32 Opcode)
{
/* Extended (2-byte) opcode if > 255 */
if (Opcode > 0x00FF)
{
return (2);
}
/* Otherwise, just a single byte opcode */
return (1);
}
/*******************************************************************************
*
* FUNCTION: AcpiPsPeekOpcode
*
* PARAMETERS: ParserState - A parser state object
*
* RETURN: Next AML opcode
*
* DESCRIPTION: Get next AML opcode (without incrementing AML pointer)
*
******************************************************************************/
UINT16
AcpiPsPeekOpcode (
ACPI_PARSE_STATE *ParserState)
{
UINT8 *Aml;
UINT16 Opcode;
Aml = ParserState->Aml;
Opcode = (UINT16) ACPI_GET8 (Aml);
if (Opcode == AML_EXTENDED_PREFIX)
{
/* Extended opcode, get the second opcode byte */
Aml++;
Opcode = (UINT16) ((Opcode << 8) | ACPI_GET8 (Aml));
}
return (Opcode);
}
/*******************************************************************************
*
* FUNCTION: AcpiPsCompleteThisOp
*
* PARAMETERS: WalkState - Current State
* Op - Op to complete
*
* RETURN: Status
*
* DESCRIPTION: Perform any cleanup at the completion of an Op.
*
******************************************************************************/
ACPI_STATUS
AcpiPsCompleteThisOp (
ACPI_WALK_STATE *WalkState,
ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT *Op)
{
ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT *Prev;
ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT *Next;
const ACPI_OPCODE_INFO *ParentInfo;
ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT *ReplacementOp = NULL;
ACPI_STATUS Status = AE_OK;
ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE_PTR (PsCompleteThisOp, Op);
/* Check for null Op, can happen if AML code is corrupt */
if (!Op)
{
return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK); /* OK for now */
}
AcpiExStopTraceOpcode (Op, WalkState);
/* Delete this op and the subtree below it if asked to */
if (((WalkState->ParseFlags & ACPI_PARSE_TREE_MASK) != ACPI_PARSE_DELETE_TREE) ||
(WalkState->OpInfo->Class == AML_CLASS_ARGUMENT))
{
return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_OK);
}
/* Make sure that we only delete this subtree */
if (Op->Common.Parent)
{
Prev = Op->Common.Parent->Common.Value.Arg;
if (!Prev)
{
/* Nothing more to do */
goto Cleanup;
}
/*
* Check if we need to replace the operator and its subtree
* with a return value op (placeholder op)
*/
ParentInfo = AcpiPsGetOpcodeInfo (Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode);
switch (ParentInfo->Class)
{
case AML_CLASS_CONTROL:
break;
case AML_CLASS_CREATE:
/*
* These opcodes contain TermArg operands. The current
* op must be replaced by a placeholder return op
*/
ReplacementOp = AcpiPsAllocOp (
AML_INT_RETURN_VALUE_OP, Op->Common.Aml);
if (!ReplacementOp)
{
Status = AE_NO_MEMORY;
}
break;
case AML_CLASS_NAMED_OBJECT:
/*
* These opcodes contain TermArg operands. The current
* op must be replaced by a placeholder return op
*/
if ((Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_REGION_OP) ||
(Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_DATA_REGION_OP) ||
(Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_BUFFER_OP) ||
(Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_PACKAGE_OP) ||
(Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_BANK_FIELD_OP) ||
(Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_VARIABLE_PACKAGE_OP))
{
ReplacementOp = AcpiPsAllocOp (
AML_INT_RETURN_VALUE_OP, Op->Common.Aml);
if (!ReplacementOp)
{
Status = AE_NO_MEMORY;
}
}
else if ((Op->Common.Parent->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_NAME_OP) &&
(WalkState->PassNumber <= ACPI_IMODE_LOAD_PASS2))
{
if ((Op->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_BUFFER_OP) ||
(Op->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_PACKAGE_OP) ||
(Op->Common.AmlOpcode == AML_VARIABLE_PACKAGE_OP))
{
ReplacementOp = AcpiPsAllocOp (Op->Common.AmlOpcode,
Op->Common.Aml);
if (!ReplacementOp)
{
Status = AE_NO_MEMORY;
}
else
{
ReplacementOp->Named.Data = Op->Named.Data;
ReplacementOp->Named.Length = Op->Named.Length;
}
}
}
break;
default:
ReplacementOp = AcpiPsAllocOp (
AML_INT_RETURN_VALUE_OP, Op->Common.Aml);
if (!ReplacementOp)
{
Status = AE_NO_MEMORY;
}
}
/* We must unlink this op from the parent tree */
if (Prev == Op)
{
/* This op is the first in the list */
if (ReplacementOp)
{
ReplacementOp->Common.Parent = Op->Common.Parent;
ReplacementOp->Common.Value.Arg = NULL;
ReplacementOp->Common.Node = Op->Common.Node;
Op->Common.Parent->Common.Value.Arg = ReplacementOp;
ReplacementOp->Common.Next = Op->Common.Next;
}
else
{
Op->Common.Parent->Common.Value.Arg = Op->Common.Next;
}
}
/* Search the parent list */
else while (Prev)
{
/* Traverse all siblings in the parent's argument list */
Next = Prev->Common.Next;
if (Next == Op)
{
if (ReplacementOp)
{
ReplacementOp->Common.Parent = Op->Common.Parent;
ReplacementOp->Common.Value.Arg = NULL;
ReplacementOp->Common.Node = Op->Common.Node;
Prev->Common.Next = ReplacementOp;
ReplacementOp->Common.Next = Op->Common.Next;
Next = NULL;
}
else
{
Prev->Common.Next = Op->Common.Next;
Next = NULL;
}
}
Prev = Next;
}
}
Cleanup:
/* Now we can actually delete the subtree rooted at Op */
AcpiPsDeleteParseTree (Op);
return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
}
/*******************************************************************************
*
* FUNCTION: AcpiPsNextParseState
*
* PARAMETERS: WalkState - Current state
* Op - Current parse op
* CallbackStatus - Status from previous operation
*
* RETURN: Status
*
* DESCRIPTION: Update the parser state based upon the return exception from
* the parser callback.
*
******************************************************************************/
ACPI_STATUS
AcpiPsNextParseState (
ACPI_WALK_STATE *WalkState,
ACPI_PARSE_OBJECT *Op,
ACPI_STATUS CallbackStatus)
{
ACPI_PARSE_STATE *ParserState = &WalkState->ParserState;
ACPI_STATUS Status = AE_CTRL_PENDING;
ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE_PTR (PsNextParseState, Op);
switch (CallbackStatus)
{
case AE_CTRL_TERMINATE:
/*
* A control method was terminated via a RETURN statement.
* The walk of this method is complete.
*/
ParserState->Aml = ParserState->AmlEnd;
Status = AE_CTRL_TERMINATE;
break;
case AE_CTRL_BREAK:
ParserState->Aml = WalkState->AmlLastWhile;
WalkState->ControlState->Common.Value = FALSE;
Status = AE_CTRL_BREAK;
break;
case AE_CTRL_CONTINUE:
ParserState->Aml = WalkState->AmlLastWhile;
Status = AE_CTRL_CONTINUE;
break;
case AE_CTRL_PENDING:
ParserState->Aml = WalkState->AmlLastWhile;
break;
#if 0
case AE_CTRL_SKIP:
ParserState->Aml = ParserState->Scope->ParseScope.PkgEnd;
Status = AE_OK;
break;
#endif
case AE_CTRL_TRUE:
/*
* Predicate of an IF was true, and we are at the matching ELSE.
* Just close out this package
*/
ParserState->Aml = AcpiPsGetNextPackageEnd (ParserState);
Status = AE_CTRL_PENDING;
break;
case AE_CTRL_FALSE:
/*
* Either an IF/WHILE Predicate was false or we encountered a BREAK
* opcode. In both cases, we do not execute the rest of the
* package; We simply close out the parent (finishing the walk of
* this branch of the tree) and continue execution at the parent
* level.
*/
ParserState->Aml = ParserState->Scope->ParseScope.PkgEnd;
/* In the case of a BREAK, just force a predicate (if any) to FALSE */
WalkState->ControlState->Common.Value = FALSE;
Status = AE_CTRL_END;
break;
case AE_CTRL_TRANSFER:
/* A method call (invocation) -- transfer control */
Status = AE_CTRL_TRANSFER;
WalkState->PrevOp = Op;
WalkState->MethodCallOp = Op;
WalkState->MethodCallNode = (Op->Common.Value.Arg)->Common.Node;
/* Will return value (if any) be used by the caller? */
WalkState->ReturnUsed = AcpiDsIsResultUsed (Op, WalkState);
break;
default:
Status = CallbackStatus;
if (ACPI_CNTL_EXCEPTION (CallbackStatus))
{
Status = AE_OK;
}
break;
}
return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
}
/*******************************************************************************
*
* FUNCTION: AcpiPsParseAml
*
* PARAMETERS: WalkState - Current state
*
*
* RETURN: Status
*
* DESCRIPTION: Parse raw AML and return a tree of ops
*
******************************************************************************/
ACPI_STATUS
AcpiPsParseAml (
ACPI_WALK_STATE *WalkState)
{
ACPI_STATUS Status;
ACPI_THREAD_STATE *Thread;
ACPI_THREAD_STATE *PrevWalkList = AcpiGbl_CurrentWalkList;
ACPI_WALK_STATE *PreviousWalkState;
ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE (PsParseAml);
ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_PARSE,
"Entered with WalkState=%p Aml=%p size=%X\n",
WalkState, WalkState->ParserState.Aml,
WalkState->ParserState.AmlSize));
if (!WalkState->ParserState.Aml)
{
return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_BAD_ADDRESS);
}
/* Create and initialize a new thread state */
Thread = AcpiUtCreateThreadState ();
if (!Thread)
{
if (WalkState->MethodDesc)
{
/* Executing a control method - additional cleanup */
AcpiDsTerminateControlMethod (WalkState->MethodDesc, WalkState);
}
AcpiDsDeleteWalkState (WalkState);
return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_NO_MEMORY);
}
WalkState->Thread = Thread;
/*
* If executing a method, the starting SyncLevel is this method's
* SyncLevel
*/
if (WalkState->MethodDesc)
{
WalkState->Thread->CurrentSyncLevel =
WalkState->MethodDesc->Method.SyncLevel;
}
AcpiDsPushWalkState (WalkState, Thread);
/*
* This global allows the AML debugger to get a handle to the currently
* executing control method.
*/
AcpiGbl_CurrentWalkList = Thread;
/*
* Execute the walk loop as long as there is a valid Walk State. This
* handles nested control method invocations without recursion.
*/
ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_PARSE, "State=%p\n", WalkState));
Status = AE_OK;
while (WalkState)
{
if (ACPI_SUCCESS (Status))
{
/*
* The ParseLoop executes AML until the method terminates
* or calls another method.
*/
Status = AcpiPsParseLoop (WalkState);
}
ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_PARSE,
"Completed one call to walk loop, %s State=%p\n",
AcpiFormatException (Status), WalkState));
if (WalkState->MethodPathname && WalkState->MethodIsNested)
{
/* Optional object evaluation log */
ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT_RAW ((ACPI_DB_EVALUATION, "%-26s: %*s%s\n",
" Exit nested method",
(WalkState->MethodNestingDepth + 1) * 3, " ",
&WalkState->MethodPathname[1]));
ACPI_FREE (WalkState->MethodPathname);
WalkState->MethodIsNested = FALSE;
}
if (Status == AE_CTRL_TRANSFER)
{
/*
* A method call was detected.
* Transfer control to the called control method
*/
Status = AcpiDsCallControlMethod (Thread, WalkState, NULL);
if (ACPI_FAILURE (Status))
{
Status = AcpiDsMethodError (Status, WalkState);
}
/*
* If the transfer to the new method method call worked,
* a new walk state was created -- get it
*/
WalkState = AcpiDsGetCurrentWalkState (Thread);
continue;
}
else if (Status == AE_CTRL_TERMINATE)
{
Status = AE_OK;
}
else if ((Status != AE_OK) && (WalkState->MethodDesc))
{
/* Either the method parse or actual execution failed */
AcpiExExitInterpreter ();
if (Status == AE_ABORT_METHOD)
{
AcpiNsPrintNodePathname (
WalkState->MethodNode, "Aborting method");
AcpiOsPrintf ("\n");
}
else
{
ACPI_ERROR_METHOD ("Aborting method",
WalkState->MethodNode, NULL, Status);
}
AcpiExEnterInterpreter ();
/* Check for possible multi-thread reentrancy problem */
if ((Status == AE_ALREADY_EXISTS) &&
(!(WalkState->MethodDesc->Method.InfoFlags &
ACPI_METHOD_SERIALIZED)))
{
/*
* Method is not serialized and tried to create an object
* twice. The probable cause is that the method cannot
* handle reentrancy. Mark as "pending serialized" now, and
* then mark "serialized" when the last thread exits.
*/
WalkState->MethodDesc->Method.InfoFlags |=
ACPI_METHOD_SERIALIZED_PENDING;
}
}
/* We are done with this walk, move on to the parent if any */
WalkState = AcpiDsPopWalkState (Thread);
/* Reset the current scope to the beginning of scope stack */
AcpiDsScopeStackClear (WalkState);
/*
* If we just returned from the execution of a control method or if we
* encountered an error during the method parse phase, there's lots of
* cleanup to do
*/
if (((WalkState->ParseFlags & ACPI_PARSE_MODE_MASK) ==
ACPI_PARSE_EXECUTE &&
!(WalkState->ParseFlags & ACPI_PARSE_MODULE_LEVEL)) ||
(ACPI_FAILURE (Status)))
{
AcpiDsTerminateControlMethod (WalkState->MethodDesc, WalkState);
}
/* Delete this walk state and all linked control states */
AcpiPsCleanupScope (&WalkState->ParserState);
PreviousWalkState = WalkState;
ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT ((ACPI_DB_PARSE,
"ReturnValue=%p, ImplicitValue=%p State=%p\n",
WalkState->ReturnDesc, WalkState->ImplicitReturnObj, WalkState));
/* Check if we have restarted a preempted walk */
WalkState = AcpiDsGetCurrentWalkState (Thread);
if (WalkState)
{
if (ACPI_SUCCESS (Status))
{
/*
* There is another walk state, restart it.
* If the method return value is not used by the parent,
* The object is deleted
*/
if (!PreviousWalkState->ReturnDesc)
{
/*
* In slack mode execution, if there is no return value
* we should implicitly return zero (0) as a default value.
*/
if (AcpiGbl_EnableInterpreterSlack &&
!PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj)
{
PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj =
AcpiUtCreateIntegerObject ((UINT64) 0);
if (!PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj)
{
return_ACPI_STATUS (AE_NO_MEMORY);
}
}
/* Restart the calling control method */
Status = AcpiDsRestartControlMethod (WalkState,
PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj);
}
else
{
/*
* We have a valid return value, delete any implicit
* return value.
*/
AcpiDsClearImplicitReturn (PreviousWalkState);
Status = AcpiDsRestartControlMethod (WalkState,
PreviousWalkState->ReturnDesc);
}
if (ACPI_SUCCESS (Status))
{
WalkState->WalkType |= ACPI_WALK_METHOD_RESTART;
}
}
else
{
/* On error, delete any return object or implicit return */
AcpiUtRemoveReference (PreviousWalkState->ReturnDesc);
AcpiDsClearImplicitReturn (PreviousWalkState);
}
}
/*
* Just completed a 1st-level method, save the final internal return
* value (if any)
*/
else if (PreviousWalkState->CallerReturnDesc)
{
if (PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj)
{
*(PreviousWalkState->CallerReturnDesc) =
PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj;
}
else
{
/* NULL if no return value */
*(PreviousWalkState->CallerReturnDesc) =
PreviousWalkState->ReturnDesc;
}
}
else
{
if (PreviousWalkState->ReturnDesc)
{
/* Caller doesn't want it, must delete it */
AcpiUtRemoveReference (PreviousWalkState->ReturnDesc);
}
if (PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj)
{
/* Caller doesn't want it, must delete it */
AcpiUtRemoveReference (PreviousWalkState->ImplicitReturnObj);
}
}
AcpiDsDeleteWalkState (PreviousWalkState);
}
/* Normal exit */
AcpiExReleaseAllMutexes (Thread);
AcpiUtDeleteGenericState (ACPI_CAST_PTR (ACPI_GENERIC_STATE, Thread));
AcpiGbl_CurrentWalkList = PrevWalkList;
return_ACPI_STATUS (Status);
}
``` |
```emacs lisp
;;; uniquify.el --- unique buffer names dependent on file name -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
;; Inc.
;; Author: Dick King <king@reasoning.com>
;; Maintainer: emacs-devel@gnu.org
;; Keywords: files
;; Created: 15 May 86
;; Package: emacs
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <path_to_url
;;; Commentary:
;; Emacs's traditional method for making buffer names unique adds <2>, <3>,
;; etc. to the end of (all but one of) the buffers. This file replaces
;; that behavior, for buffers visiting files and dired buffers, with a
;; uniquification that adds parts of the file name until the buffer names
;; are unique. For instance, buffers visiting /u/mernst/tmp/Makefile and
;; /usr/projects/zaphod/Makefile would be named Makefile|tmp and
;; Makefile|zaphod, respectively (instead of Makefile and Makefile<2>).
;; Other buffer name styles are also available.
;; To use this file, do (require 'uniquify)
;; and set uniquify-buffer-name-style to one of its non-nil alternative values.
;; For other options, see "User-visible variables", below.
;; A version of uniquify.el that works under Emacs 18, Emacs 19, XEmacs,
;; and InfoDock is available from the maintainer.
;;; Change Log:
;; Originally by Dick King <king@reasoning.com> 15 May 86
;; Converted for Emacs 18 by Stephen Gildea <gildea@stop.mail-abuse.org>
;; Make uniquify-min-dir-content 0 truly non-invasive. gildea 23 May 89
;; Some cleanup. uniquify-min-dir-content default 0. gildea 01 Jun 89
;; Don't rename to "". Michael Ernst <mernst@theory.lcs.mit.edu> 15 Jun 94
;; Add kill-buffer-hook. Kenneth Manheimer <ken.manheimer@nist.gov> 09 May 95
;; Add advice for rename-buffer and create-file-buffer, handle dired buffers,
;; kill-buffer-rationalize-buffer-names-p, documentation. mernst 24 May 95
;; Remove free variables, fix typos. mernst 5 Jun 95
;; Efficiently support Emacs 19.27 & earlier. ken.manheimer, mernst 10 Jun 95
;; Rename user options to "uniquify-...", add uniquify-reverse-dir-content-p,
;; add uniquify-ask-about-buffer-names-p. king, mernst 13 Jun 95
;; Prefix functions by "uniquify-..."; rename mnemonic-buffer-names to
;; uniquify-buffer-name-style; add 'forward and 'post-forward-angle-brackets
;; styles; remove uniquify-reverse-dir-content-p; add
;; uniquify-trailing-separator-p. mernst 4 Aug 95
;; Don't call expand-file-name on nil. mernst 7 Jan 96
;; Check whether list-buffers-directory is bound. mernst 11 Oct 96
;; Ignore non-file non-dired buffers. Colin Rafferty <craffert@ml.com> 3 Mar 97
;; Use last component, not "", for file name of directories. mernst 27 Jun 97
;; Use directory-file-name; code cleanup. mernst 6 Sep 97
;; Add uniquify-ignore-buffers-re.
;; Andre Srinivasan <andre@visigenic.com> 9 Sep 97
;; Add uniquify-list-buffers-directory-modes
;; Stefan Monnier <monnier@cs.yale.edu> 17 Nov 2000
;; Algorithm and data structure changed to reduce consing with lots of buffers
;; Francesco Potort <pot@gnu.org> (ideas by rms and monnier) 2001-07-18
;; Valuable feedback was provided by
;; Paul Smith <psmith@baynetworks.com>,
;; Alastair Burt <burt@dfki.uni-kl.de>,
;; Bob Weiner <weiner@footloose.sps.mot.com>,
;; Albert L. Ting <alt@vlibs.com>,
;; gyro@reasoning.com,
;; Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@eng.sun.com>.
;;; Code:
(eval-when-compile (require 'cl-lib))
;;; User-visible variables
(defgroup uniquify nil
"Unique buffer names dependent on file name."
:group 'files)
(defcustom uniquify-buffer-name-style 'post-forward-angle-brackets
"How to construct unique buffer names for files with the same base name.
The value can be one of: `forward', `reverse', `post-forward',
`post-forward-angle-brackets', or nil.
For example, the files `/foo/bar/mumble/name' and `/baz/quux/mumble/name'
would have the following buffer names in the various styles:
forward bar/mumble/name quux/mumble/name
reverse name\\mumble\\bar name\\mumble\\quux
post-forward name|bar/mumble name|quux/mumble
post-forward-angle-brackets name<bar/mumble> name<quux/mumble>
nil name name<2>
The \"mumble\" part may be stripped as well, depending on the
setting of `uniquify-strip-common-suffix'. For more options that
you can set, browse the `uniquify' custom group."
:type '(radio (const forward)
(const reverse)
(const post-forward)
(const post-forward-angle-brackets)
(const :tag "numeric suffixes" nil))
:version "24.4"
:require 'uniquify)
(defcustom uniquify-after-kill-buffer-p t
"If non-nil, rerationalize buffer names after a buffer has been killed."
:type 'boolean)
;; The default value matches certain Gnus buffers.
(defcustom uniquify-ignore-buffers-re nil
"Regular expression matching buffer names that should not be uniquified.
For instance, set this to \"^draft-[0-9]+$\" to avoid having uniquify rename
draft buffers even if `uniquify-after-kill-buffer-p' is non-nil and the
visited file name isn't the same as that of the buffer."
:type '(choice (const :tag "Uniquify all buffers" nil) regexp))
(defcustom uniquify-min-dir-content 0
"Minimum number of directory name components included in buffer name."
:type 'integer)
(defcustom uniquify-separator nil
"String separator for buffer name components.
When `uniquify-buffer-name-style' is `post-forward', separates
base file name from directory part in buffer names (default \"|\").
When `uniquify-buffer-name-style' is `reverse', separates all
file name components (default \"\\\")."
:type '(choice (const nil) string))
(defcustom uniquify-trailing-separator-p nil
"If non-nil, add a file name separator to dired buffer names.
If `uniquify-buffer-name-style' is `forward', add the separator at the end;
if it is `reverse', add the separator at the beginning; otherwise, this
variable is ignored."
:type 'boolean)
(defcustom uniquify-strip-common-suffix
;; Using it when uniquify-min-dir-content>0 doesn't make much sense.
(eq 0 uniquify-min-dir-content)
"If non-nil, strip common directory suffixes of conflicting files.
E.g. if you open /a1/b/c/d and /a2/b/c/d, the buffer names will say
\"d|a1\" and \"d|a2\" instead of \"d|a1/b/c\" and \"d|a2/b/c\".
This can be handy when you have deep parallel hierarchies."
:type 'boolean)
(defvar uniquify-list-buffers-directory-modes '(dired-mode cvs-mode vc-dir-mode)
"List of modes for which uniquify should obey `list-buffers-directory'.
That means that when `buffer-file-name' is set to nil, `list-buffers-directory'
contains the name of the directory which the buffer is visiting.")
;;; Utilities
;; uniquify-fix-list data structure
(cl-defstruct (uniquify-item
(:constructor nil) (:copier nil)
(:constructor uniquify-make-item
(base dirname buffer &optional proposed)))
base dirname buffer proposed)
;; Internal variables used free
(defvar uniquify-possibly-resolvable nil)
(defvar-local uniquify-managed nil
"Non-nil if the name of this buffer is managed by uniquify.
It actually holds the list of `uniquify-item's corresponding to the conflict.")
(put 'uniquify-managed 'permanent-local t)
;; Used in desktop.el to save the non-uniquified buffer name
(defun uniquify-buffer-base-name ()
"Return the base name of the current buffer.
Return nil if the buffer is not managed by uniquify."
(and uniquify-managed
(uniquify-item-base (car uniquify-managed))))
;;; Main entry point.
(defun uniquify-rationalize-file-buffer-names (base dirname newbuf)
"Make file buffer names unique by adding segments from file name.
If `uniquify-min-dir-content' > 0, always pulls that many
file name elements.
Arguments BASE, DIRNAME, and NEWBUF specify the new buffer that causes
this rationalization."
(interactive
(list (if uniquify-managed
(uniquify-item-base (car uniquify-managed)) (buffer-name))
(uniquify-buffer-file-name (current-buffer))
(current-buffer)))
;; Make sure we don't get confused by outdated uniquify-managed info in
;; this buffer.
(with-current-buffer newbuf (setq uniquify-managed nil))
(when dirname
(setq dirname (expand-file-name (directory-file-name dirname)))
(let ((fix-list (list (uniquify-make-item base dirname newbuf)))
items)
(dolist (buffer (buffer-list))
(when (and (not (and uniquify-ignore-buffers-re
(string-match uniquify-ignore-buffers-re
(buffer-name buffer))))
;; Only try to rename buffers we actually manage.
(setq items (buffer-local-value 'uniquify-managed buffer))
(equal base (uniquify-item-base (car items)))
;; Don't re-add stuff we already have. Actually this
;; whole `and' test should only match at most once.
(not (memq (car items) fix-list)))
(unless (cdr items)
;; If there was no conflict, the buffer-name is equal to the
;; base-name and we may have missed a rename-buffer because
;; of code like in set-visited-file-name:
;; (or (string= new-name (buffer-name)) (rename-buffer new-name t))
;; So we need to refresh the dirname of the uniquify-item.
(setf (uniquify-item-dirname (car items))
(uniquify-buffer-file-name
(uniquify-item-buffer (car items))))
;; This shouldn't happen, but maybe there's no dirname any more.
(unless (uniquify-item-dirname (car items))
(with-current-buffer (uniquify-item-buffer (car items))
(setq uniquify-managed nil))
(setq items nil)))
;; In case we missed some calls to kill-buffer, there may be dead
;; buffers in uniquify-managed, so filter them out.
(setq items
(delq nil (mapcar
(lambda (item)
(if (buffer-live-p (uniquify-item-buffer item))
item))
items)))
(setq fix-list (append fix-list items))))
;; selects buffers whose names may need changing, and others that
;; may conflict, then bring conflicting names together
(uniquify-rationalize fix-list))))
;; uniquify's version of buffer-file-name; result never contains trailing slash
(defun uniquify-buffer-file-name (buffer)
"Return name of directory, file BUFFER is visiting, or nil if none.
Works on ordinary file-visiting buffers and buffers whose mode is mentioned
in `uniquify-list-buffers-directory-modes', otherwise returns nil."
(with-current-buffer buffer
(let ((filename
(or buffer-file-name
(if (memq major-mode uniquify-list-buffers-directory-modes)
list-buffers-directory))))
(when filename
(directory-file-name
(file-name-directory
(expand-file-name
(directory-file-name filename))))))))
(defun uniquify-rerationalize-w/o-cb (fix-list)
"Re-rationalize the buffers in FIX-LIST, but ignoring `current-buffer'."
(let ((new-fix-list nil))
(dolist (item fix-list)
(let ((buf (uniquify-item-buffer item)))
(unless (or (eq buf (current-buffer)) (not (buffer-live-p buf)))
(push item new-fix-list))))
(when new-fix-list
(uniquify-rationalize new-fix-list))))
(defun uniquify-rationalize (fix-list)
;; Set up uniquify to re-rationalize after killing/renaming
;; if there is a conflict.
(dolist (item fix-list)
(with-current-buffer (uniquify-item-buffer item)
;; Refresh the dirnames and proposed names.
(setf (uniquify-item-proposed item)
(uniquify-get-proposed-name (uniquify-item-base item)
(uniquify-item-dirname item)))
(setq uniquify-managed fix-list)))
;; Strip any shared last directory names of the dirname.
(when (and (cdr fix-list) uniquify-strip-common-suffix)
(let ((strip t))
(while (let* ((base (file-name-nondirectory
(uniquify-item-dirname (car fix-list))))
(items fix-list))
(when (> (length base) 0)
(while (and strip items)
(unless (equal base (file-name-nondirectory
(uniquify-item-dirname (pop items))))
(setq strip nil)))
strip))
;; It's all the same => strip.
(dolist (item (prog1 fix-list (setq fix-list nil)))
;; Create new items because the old ones are kept (with the true
;; `dirname') for later rerationalizing.
(push (uniquify-make-item (uniquify-item-base item)
(let ((f (file-name-directory
(uniquify-item-dirname item))))
(and f (directory-file-name f)))
(uniquify-item-buffer item)
(uniquify-item-proposed item))
fix-list)))))
;; If uniquify-min-dir-content is 0, this will end up just
;; passing fix-list to uniquify-rationalize-conflicting-sublist.
(uniquify-rationalize-a-list fix-list))
(defun uniquify-item-greaterp (item1 item2)
(string-lessp (uniquify-item-proposed item2)
(uniquify-item-proposed item1)))
(defun uniquify-rationalize-a-list (fix-list &optional depth)
(unless depth (setq depth uniquify-min-dir-content))
(let (conflicting-sublist ; all elements have the same proposed name
(old-proposed "")
proposed)
;; Divide fix-list into items with same proposed names and pass them
;; to uniquify-rationalize-conflicting-sublist.
(dolist (item (sort (copy-sequence fix-list) 'uniquify-item-greaterp))
(setq proposed (uniquify-item-proposed item))
(unless (equal proposed old-proposed)
(uniquify-rationalize-conflicting-sublist conflicting-sublist
old-proposed depth)
(setq conflicting-sublist nil))
(push item conflicting-sublist)
(setq old-proposed proposed))
(uniquify-rationalize-conflicting-sublist conflicting-sublist
old-proposed depth)))
(defun uniquify-get-proposed-name (base dirname &optional depth)
(unless depth (setq depth uniquify-min-dir-content))
(cl-assert (equal (directory-file-name dirname) dirname)) ;No trailing slash.
;; Distinguish directories by adding extra separator.
(if (and uniquify-trailing-separator-p
(file-directory-p (expand-file-name base dirname))
(not (string-equal base "")))
(cond ((eq uniquify-buffer-name-style 'forward)
(setq base (file-name-as-directory base)))
;; (setq base (concat base "/")))
((eq uniquify-buffer-name-style 'reverse)
(setq base (concat (or uniquify-separator "\\") base)))))
(let ((extra-string nil)
(n depth))
(while (and (> n 0) dirname)
(let ((file (file-name-nondirectory dirname)))
(when (setq dirname (file-name-directory dirname))
(setq dirname (directory-file-name dirname)))
(setq n (1- n))
(push (if (zerop (length file)) ;nil or "".
(prog1 (or (file-remote-p dirname) "")
(setq dirname nil)) ;Could be `dirname' iso "".
file)
extra-string)))
(when (zerop n)
(if (and dirname extra-string
(equal dirname (file-name-directory dirname)))
;; We're just before the root. Let's add the leading / already.
;; With "/a/b"+"/c/d/b" this leads to "/a/b" and "d/b" but with
;; "/a/b"+"/c/a/b" this leads to "/a/b" and "a/b".
(push "" extra-string))
(setq uniquify-possibly-resolvable t))
(cond
((null extra-string) base)
((string-equal base "") ;Happens for dired buffers on the root directory.
(mapconcat 'identity extra-string "/"))
((eq uniquify-buffer-name-style 'reverse)
(mapconcat 'identity
(cons base (nreverse extra-string))
(or uniquify-separator "\\")))
((eq uniquify-buffer-name-style 'forward)
(mapconcat 'identity (nconc extra-string (list base))
"/"))
((eq uniquify-buffer-name-style 'post-forward)
(concat base (or uniquify-separator "|")
(mapconcat 'identity extra-string "/")))
((eq uniquify-buffer-name-style 'post-forward-angle-brackets)
(concat base "<" (mapconcat 'identity extra-string "/")
">"))
(t (error "Bad value for uniquify-buffer-name-style: %s"
uniquify-buffer-name-style)))))
;; Deal with conflicting-sublist, all of whose elements have identical
;; "base" components.
(defun uniquify-rationalize-conflicting-sublist (conf-list old-name depth)
(when conf-list
(if (or (cdr conf-list)
;; Check that the proposed name doesn't conflict with some
;; existing buffer.
(let ((buf (get-buffer old-name)))
(and buf (not (eq buf (uniquify-item-buffer (car conf-list)))))))
(when uniquify-possibly-resolvable
(setq uniquify-possibly-resolvable nil
depth (1+ depth))
(dolist (item conf-list)
(setf (uniquify-item-proposed item)
(uniquify-get-proposed-name
(uniquify-item-base item)
(uniquify-item-dirname item)
depth)))
(uniquify-rationalize-a-list conf-list depth))
(unless (string= old-name "")
(uniquify-rename-buffer (car conf-list) old-name)))))
(defun uniquify-rename-buffer (item newname)
(let ((buffer (uniquify-item-buffer item)))
(unless (equal newname (buffer-name buffer))
(with-current-buffer buffer
(let ((uniquify-buffer-name-style nil)) ;Avoid hooks on rename-buffer.
;; Pass the `unique' arg, so the advice doesn't mark it as unmanaged.
(rename-buffer newname t))))))
;;; Hooks from the rest of Emacs
(defun uniquify-maybe-rerationalize-w/o-cb ()
"Re-rationalize buffer names, ignoring current buffer."
(and (cdr uniquify-managed)
uniquify-buffer-name-style
(uniquify-rerationalize-w/o-cb uniquify-managed)))
;; Buffer deletion
;; Rerationalize after a buffer is killed, to reduce coinciding buffer names.
;; This mechanism uses `kill-buffer-hook', which runs *before* deletion, so
;; it calls `uniquify-rerationalize-w/o-cb' to rerationalize the buffer list
;; ignoring the current buffer (which is going to be deleted anyway).
(defun uniquify-kill-buffer-function ()
"Re-rationalize buffer names, ignoring current buffer.
For use on `kill-buffer-hook'."
(and uniquify-after-kill-buffer-p
(uniquify-maybe-rerationalize-w/o-cb)))
;; Ideally we'd like to add it buffer-locally, but that doesn't work
;; because kill-buffer-hook is not permanent-local :-(
;; FIXME kill-buffer-hook _is_ permanent-local in 22+.
(add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook 'uniquify-kill-buffer-function)
;; The logical place to put all this code is in generate-new-buffer-name.
;; It's written in C, so we would add a generate-new-buffer-name-function
;; which, if non-nil, would be called instead of the C. One problem with
;; that is that generate-new-buffer-name takes a potential buffer name as
;; its argument -- not other information, such as what file the buffer will
;; visit.
;; The below solution works because generate-new-buffer-name is called
;; only by rename-buffer (which, as of 19.29, is never called from C) and
;; generate-new-buffer, which is called only by Lisp functions
;; create-file-buffer and rename-uniquely. Rename-uniquely generally
;; isn't used for buffers visiting files, so it's sufficient to hook
;; rename-buffer and create-file-buffer. (Setting find-file-hook isn't
;; sufficient.)
(advice-add 'rename-buffer :around #'uniquify--rename-buffer-advice)
(defun uniquify--rename-buffer-advice (rb-fun newname &optional unique &rest args)
"Uniquify buffer names with parts of directory name."
(let ((retval (apply rb-fun newname unique args)))
(uniquify-maybe-rerationalize-w/o-cb)
(if (null unique)
;; Mark this buffer so it won't be renamed by uniquify.
(setq uniquify-managed nil)
(when uniquify-buffer-name-style
;; Rerationalize w.r.t the new name.
(uniquify-rationalize-file-buffer-names
newname
(uniquify-buffer-file-name (current-buffer))
(current-buffer))
(setq retval (buffer-name (current-buffer)))))
retval))
(advice-add 'create-file-buffer :around #'uniquify--create-file-buffer-advice)
(defun uniquify--create-file-buffer-advice (cfb-fun filename &rest args)
"Uniquify buffer names with parts of directory name."
(let ((retval (apply cfb-fun filename args)))
(if uniquify-buffer-name-style
(let ((filename (expand-file-name (directory-file-name filename))))
(uniquify-rationalize-file-buffer-names
(file-name-nondirectory filename)
(file-name-directory filename) retval)))
retval))
;;; The End
(defun uniquify-unload-function ()
"Unload the uniquify library."
(save-current-buffer
(let ((buffers nil))
(dolist (buf (buffer-list))
(set-buffer buf)
(when uniquify-managed
(push (cons buf (uniquify-item-base (car uniquify-managed))) buffers)))
(advice-remove 'rename-buffer #'uniquify--rename-buffer-advice)
(advice-remove 'create-file-buffer #'uniquify--create-file-buffer-advice)
(dolist (buf buffers)
(set-buffer (car buf))
(rename-buffer (cdr buf) t))))
;; continue standard unloading
nil)
(provide 'uniquify)
;;; uniquify.el ends here
``` |
Luis Francisco Guajardo Valderas (born 30 July 1973) is a Chilean former footballer who played as a midfielder for Deportes Concepción, Colo-Colo, Rangers, Puerto Montt and Santiago Wanderers in Chile.
Honours
Player
Deportes Concepción
Segunda División de Chile: 1994
References
1973 births
Living people
People from Punta Arenas
Chilean men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Colo-Colo footballers
Deportes Puerto Montt footballers
Rangers de Talca footballers
Deportes Concepción (Chile) footballers
Santiago Wanderers footballers
Chilean Primera División players
Primera B de Chile players |
Harlon Junius Hill (May 4, 1932 – March 21, 2013)
was an American professional football end who played for nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Hill played for the Chicago Bears, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Detroit Lions. He was the NFL Rookie of the Year in 1954 and winner of the Jim Thorpe Trophy as the NFL Player of the Year in 1955. The Harlon Hill Trophy, named in his honor, is awarded annually to the nation's best NCAA Division II football player. After his playing career, he became a coach and educator.
Early life and college
Hill was born in Killen, Alabama. Following graduation from Lauderdale County High School in nearby Rogersville in 1949, he attended Florence State Teachers College, now known as the University of North Alabama. Football was just making its return to Florence State in 1949 after several years absence due to low male enrollment, and Hill was a four-year letterman on the team while also earning a Bachelor of Science degree in Education. He played both offense and defense for the team, but it was his offensive efforts that saw him named an NAIA All-American player in his senior year, 1953. As with many college teams of the era, Florence State was a run-based offense and threw the ball sparingly. However, Hill made the most of his chances with 19 of his 54 career catches going for touchdowns. In his 1977 biography Victory after the Game, Hill related his surprise at being selected in the 15th round of the 1954 NFL draft by the Chicago Bears, remaining unaware of it until approached with the news by a Florence State professor on campus: '"I had no idea I had been `discovered.' I really did not know much about the National Football League...I did not know what to think, but after I found out what it was all about, naturally I was elated." Hill went on to say he owed the discovery to a rival school. A coach for Jacksonville State University had observed Hill's play over four seasons and mentioned him to a Bears scout.
Professional career
Hill's rookie season with the Chicago Bears was a memorable one. He set a team record for most receiving yards (1,124) and most touchdown receptions (12) by a rookie. The twelve touchdowns led all NFL receivers that season as he averaged 25 yards per catch on 45 total receptions, the latter of which was a Bears record for a rookie until it was broken by Darnell Mooney in 2020. His best performance that rookie year came on October 31, 1954 against the San Francisco 49ers. Hill was a Halloween nightmare for the 49ers defense, racking up 214 receiving yards and four touchdowns, the final one coming with thirty seconds left in the game to give the Bears a four-point victory. Numerous accolades came Hill's way following that season, among them being named 1954 NFL Rookie of the Year, being an All-Pro selection, and participating in the 1954 Pro Bowl.
Hill's performance numbers were down somewhat the next season, 1955, with 789 yards on 42 receptions. However his nine touchdown catches again led the league and he was once again selected All-Pro and Pro-Bowl participant. The 1955 season also saw Hill be the first ever recipient of the Jim Thorpe Trophy as NFL most valuable player. 1956 would prove to be Hill's career best statistically with 47 catches, 1,128 receiving yards and 11 touchdowns as the Bears advanced to the NFL Championship Game against the New York Giants. Hill and the Bears were beaten soundly, 47-7, on a very icy Yankee Stadium field. After the season Hill was voted an All-NFL 1st team player by numerous media including the Associated Press, United Press, and the Sporting News. He was chosen Captain of the Western Conference squad for the 1956 Pro Bowl game, which lost in a close affair, 31-30.
Injuries began to take their toll on Hill's NFL career in the late 1950s, the most serious one being a completely severed Achilles tendon in 1958. According to Hill, he was the first professional athlete to recover from the surgical repair and continue his career. The injury robbed him of much of his speed however and his offensive numbers steadily declined, with his last touchdown reception coming in the 1959 season. By 1961, his final year as a Bear, he managed only three catches for 51 yards on the season. Hill attempted to play again in the 1962 season, splitting time between the Steelers and Lions and accumulating 101 receiving yards on 14 catches. He retired from football at the conclusion of the 1962 season. Hill still holds several franchise records with the Bears and ranks among the best in others. His nineteen games with 100 or more receiving yards are still a record as are his 1,124 rookie receiving yards and 12 rookie touchdown catches. The four touchdown receptions in one game (San Francisco, 1954) are tied with Mike Ditka for team lead all-time. His career 4,616 receiving yards and 40 career touchdown receptions (32 of them coming in a 3 year span from 1954 through 1956) rank him second best all-time for Chicago.
The Professional Football Researchers Association named Hill to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2014
Franchise records
's NFL off-season, Harlon Hill held at least 15 Bears franchise records, including:
Most Receiving Yds (rookie season): 1,124 (1954)
Most Receiving Yds (game, as a rookie): 214 (1954-10-31 @SFO)
Most Yds/Rec (career): 20.42
Most Yds/Rec (season): 24.98 (1954)
Most Yds/Rec (rookie season): 24.98 (1954)
Most Receiving TDs (career): 40
Most Receiving TDs (game): 4 (1954-10-31 @SFO)
Most Receiving TDs (rookie season): 12 (1954; tied with Mike Ditka)
Most Receiving TDs (game, as a rookie): 4 (1954-10-31 @SFO)
Most Rec Yds/Game (rookie season): 93.7 (1954)
Most Yds from Scrimmage (game, as a rookie): 214 (1954-10-31 @SFO)
Most 100+ yard receiving games (career): 19
Most 100+ yard receiving games (season): 7 (1954; tied with Jeff Graham and Brandon Marshall)
Most 100+ yard receiving games (rookie season): 7
Most 1000+ receiving yard seasons: 2 (one of five players)
Life after the NFL
Hill returned to his native Alabama when his playing days were finished. He fought a successful battle against alcoholism and returned to his alma mater (then known as Florence State Teachers College), serving as an assistant football coach for the University of North Alabama in the late 1960s while also working toward a Master's degree in Education. After earning his Master's in 1969 he became a public school teacher and coach at Brooks High School, eventually becoming the school's principal. In 1986 a new award was created to highlight America's best NCAA Division II players, named the Harlon Hill Trophy in honor of his playing career. Often considered the Division II equivalent of the Heisman Trophy, it is awarded annually during the NCAA Division II Football Championship weekend in Florence, Alabama. Hill retired from the Lauderdale County, Alabama, school system and resided in Alabama until his death. Hill died March 21, 2013, at Eliza Coffee Memorial Hospital in Florence, Alabama, following a prolonged illness.
References
1932 births
2013 deaths
American football ends
Chicago Bears players
Detroit Lions players
North Alabama Lions football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
High school football coaches in Alabama
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
People from Killen, Alabama
People from Rogersville, Alabama
Players of American football from Alabama |
Porcupine meatballs are an American casserole dish of ground beef and rice meatballs cooked in tomato sauce. They were a staple during the Great Depression requiring only a few basic ingredients: ground beef, uncooked long-grain rice, onion, and canned tomato soup. The name comes from the appearance of the meatballs, which appear prickly when the rice pokes out of them as they cook, resembling a porcupine.
Porcupine meatballs can be made in the slow cooker or baked. They can be served with relish such as red cabbage or radish and mashed potatoes. Leftovers can be made into sandwiches.
History
To make the dish the rice meatballs were pan-seared and slowly simmered in canned tomato soup. The dish continued to be popular into the 1970s. The recipe appears as "rice meat balls" in the 1918 cookbook "Conservation Recipes".
Other ingredients could be added to the meatballs like green pepper, mustard, celery, horseradish, Worcestershire sauce, ketchup, or other seasonings. The simple tomato sauce made with canned soup could be enriched with molasses and seasoned with chili powder and cumin. A later recipe from 1969 for "Porcupine meatballs paprika" replaces tomato soup with cream of mushroom, and adds other ingredients like mustard, or sour cream and paprika. "Porcupine meatballs Chinois" was a variation influenced by Chinese cooking techniques and ingredients. Served with peach sauce, the Chinois meatballs are made with ground pork, shrimp, rice and green onion, seasoned with soy sauce and sherry, and steamed instead of being cooked in sauce.
References
External links
Foods and Nutrition:Ground Beef, Virginia Cooperative Extension Service, August 1980
American rice dishes
Great Depression in the United States
Meatballs
Tomato dishes
Historical foods in American cuisine
Casserole dishes
American casseroles |
Gaetanina Calvi (1887 Milan – 1964 Carate Brianza) was an Italian engineer. She was the first woman to graduate from Polytechnic University of Milan, in 1913, and second in Italy after Emma Strada.
Early life and education
She graduated from the Isep Parin high school. In the academic year 1908/1909, she enrolled in civil engineering at the Polytechnic University of Milan. She graduated in 1913 with 85/100.
Career
Calvi worked for the engineers Gardella and Martini in Milan. In 1925 Calvi designed a new wing of the L'Istituto dei Ciechi (Institute for the Blind) in Milan, in collaboration with the architect Faravelli.
She then taught mathematics at the Istituto dei Ciechi and in 1933 became a benefactor of the Institute’s Group Home with a large bequest following the death of her mother.
In 1940, with the entry of Italy into the Second World War, Calvi retired from teaching in Milan but took child students in mathematics, Latin and Italian from the local population of farmers or labourers who worked in the spinning mills of the River Lambro, near her home in Costa Lambro, a village in Carate Brianza. She was known as Countess Calvi and "those who could afford to paid a small amount; those who could not paid for their lessons with a few hens."
She worked as a freelancer engineer and teacher until her death, in Carate Brianza in 1964.
See also
List of women who obtained doctoral degrees before 1800
References
1887 births
1964 deaths
Polytechnic University of Milan alumni
Women engineers
People from Milan
Civil engineers
Italian engineers
Italian women engineers
Italian civil engineers |
Walter Latham (born December 13, 1970) is an American film and comedy producer born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. Latham, who is African-American, founded a comedy production company, Latham Entertainment, which helped launch the careers of noted comedians and comic actors, including Bernie Mac, Steve Harvey, and Mo'Nique. His releases, The Original Kings of Comedy, Queens of Comedy, Latham Entertainment Presents, and Bad Boys of Comedy have grossed more than $200 million worldwide. He currently resides in Franklin, TN with his wife and business partner,Yulonda.
Early life
An African-American, Walter Latham was born in Brooklyn, New York, where he was raised in a single-parent home with his mother and younger sister. From childhood, he listened to the comedy albums of Eddie Murphy and Richard Pryor. In search of a better life, he moved to North Carolina in his teens but found life there to be equally as difficult. Guided by his own passion for comedy, Latham dropped out of East Carolina University at age 20 to start a promotion company and produce comedy shows. Walter started the company with a $4000 loan and the support of his mother. His first show failed because the talent he booked failed to show up. Latham did not let this setback deter him. He went on to produce many highly successful comedy tours across the nation.
Career
In December 1997, Walter Latham took a group of black comedians who would in time be known as the Kings of Comedy on tour. Steadfastly believing that packaging a number of popular comedians would be wildly successful, Latham mounted a triple-headliner tour starring Steve Harvey, Cedric The Entertainer, and Bernie Mac. In 1999, the addition of D.L. Hughley and the sponsorship of HBO brought the total grosses over $37 million in two years.
Latham decided to capture the experience of the live Kings of Comedy Tour on film. The Original Kings of Comedy was directed by Spike Lee and produced by Latham Entertainment and MTV films. The film was produced on an estimated $3,000,000 budget. On its opening weekend, Kings of Comedy grossed a total of $11,053,832 on 847 screens, averaging to about $13,051 per venue. The tour grossed over $18 million in its first year. The Original Kings of Comedy eventually grossed a total of $38,168,022 at the box offices.
Filmography
References
External links
East Carolina University alumni
African-American male comedians
21st-century American comedians
American male comedians
American male television actors
1970 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Greensboro, North Carolina
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people |
The Machpelah Cemetery is located near the eastern city limits of Mt. Sterling in Montgomery County, Kentucky. It has been listed as a National Register of Historic Place since April 23, 1991.
History
In 1855, the International Organization of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F) Watson Lodge #32, which was established in|Mt. Sterling in 1846, purchased the tract of land at the east end of East Main Street on which they developed Machpelah Cemetery. The cemetery originally was a joint venture with the Masons, but soon the I.O.O.F. became the sole trustee and continues to manage and maintain the cemetery. The name "Machpelah" has a Biblical origin as a burial ground described in the Old Testament.
Since 1940 improvements have been made to the pavement as well as a slight widening of the main roads. Secondary roads which were not paved are still visible, but have through disuse become grass-covered. The monuments and headstones in the Machpelah Cemetery from the late nineteenth century express the naturalistic motif with carvings of leaves, branches, and tree trunks. Since most significant Mt. Sterling families bought sections during the late nineteenth century, early twentieth century burials are mixed with those from the late nineteenth century, as families continued to fill up their space. These later burials, often indicated by low, unobtrusive headstones, are clustered around the nineteenth century monument with the family name. In the section of the cemetery south of East Main excluded from the boundary, the roads are wider and the design is rectilinear. The landscaping is limited and the plots are laid out on a grid for the most efficient use of the space and ease of maintenance. The majority of the post-1940 burials are located in the part of the cemetery located south of East Main Street and outside of the area proposed for listing.
Location and layout
Machpelah Cemetery overlooks residential neighbourhoods and strip commercial development leading into Mt. Sterling's commercial district to the west and scattered residences on agricultural land to the east outside the city limits of Mt. Sterling. The grassy slopes of the cemetery are open with few trees because most of the grave sites are clustered at the top third of the hill. The overall plan is curvilinear with the roads curving to conform to the topography. Most of the roads in the cemetery are narrow with small turning radii, designed more for horse-drawn vehicles than for automobiles. The design incorporates nature through the curvilinear layout. The design is similar to contemporary cemeteries such as Frankfort Cemetery (1844), Richmond Cemetery (1848), Cave Hill Cemetery, Louisville (1848), Lexington Cemetery (1848), and Georgetown Cemetery (1850).
The groupings of mature deciduous and evergreen trees result from the nineteenth century concept that rural cemeteries were to have a park-like atmosphere and be a place of repose and contemplation. Machpelah has mature specimens of trees including spruce, cedar, cherry, mulberry, maple, walnut, sweet gum, ash and a few dogwoods. Few buildings or crypts populate the cemetery and the landscape is punctuated with stone funerary sculptures from the late nineteenth century including obelisks, draped urns atop ornamented pedestals, figures of people, angels, and dogs.
Interments
Many monuments use motifs from nature to illustrate the death of someone "cut down in the prime of life" such as the one dedicated to W. R. Patterson, a lawyer who died in 1887. The top of the tree trunk has been violently removed and its limbs wrenched off. The bark is deeply grooved with ivy winding around the base and books laid against the tree. There are also examples of figurative sculpture including the monument to Mattie Lee Mitchell placed in 1881. Mattie Lee Mitchell is depicted carrying a small child. The subdivision which includes a part of North Queen Street was named for her after her death by her husband, the developer. Other sculptures include the bronze figure of Richard Reid, a local lawyer who was murdered in 1884.
Members of many prominent Montgomery families are buried in the cemetery. The earliest date found on a gravestone was 1854 and the majority of the interments date from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The interments which date after 1940 are in the minority and most of these are noted by small headstones in family plots where the major monument was placed prior to 1940 and reflects the artistic values of the period of significance.
Notable people
Henry Daniel
Amos Davis
James William Moore
Thomas Turner
John Duncan Young
References
External links
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Kentucky
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
1855 establishments in Kentucky
Independent Order of Odd Fellows
Mount Sterling, Kentucky |
was a Japanese samurai of the Heian period. The grandson of Minamoto no Yoshimitsu, Masayoshi was a resident of Hitachi Province. He was killed in battle by Minamoto no Yoshikuni around 1147. Masayoshi was the founder of the Satake clan.
References
"Ashikaga-shi (Kamakura kubō)" on Harimaya.com (Retrieved 20 August 2008)
Satake clan
Samurai
1081 births
1147 deaths
Japanese warriors killed in battle |
Matlock railway station is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway; it serves the Derbyshire Dales town of Matlock, Derbyshire, England. The station is the terminus of both the Derwent Valley Line from and Peak Rail who operate heritage services to . Both lines are formed from portions of the Midland Railway's former main line to . Through running is technically possible but is not done in normal service.
History
Originally called Matlock Bridge, it was opened by the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway. The station saw its first passengers on 4 June 1849, when the line between Ambergate and Rowsley opened. The station buildings, designed by Sir Joseph Paxton, opened in 1850.
The station master's house is now grade 2 listed.
Leaving , the line immediately passes into the series of High Tor tunnels, , and long on the east side of the river, cut into the cliff side. Crossing the river and the main A6 road, the line passes through Holt Lane Tunnel () before entering Matlock station. Being cut through limestone, these tunnels have required a deal of maintenance over the years.
A double-track railway line used to continue from Matlock via Bakewell and , with a branch to , and on through Peak Forest to Chinley and ultimately Manchester. This section of the former Midland Railway's main line to was closed to passengers in 1968, as a consequence of the Beeching cuts and the electrification of the West Coast route from London Euston to Manchester.
The last day of operation beyond Matlock was Saturday 29 June 1968, two months before regular mainline steam was fully abolished.
Stationmasters
Benjamin Broadhurst 1849- 1869
J.H. Thacker
Henry George Towle ???? - 1876
John Ashton 1876 - 1903 (formerly station master at Codnor Park and Ironville)
Joseph Henry Clarke 1903 - 1911 (formerly station master at Millers Dale)
Harry l’Anson 1911 - 1922 (formerly station master at Bakewell)
John Thomas Austin 1922 - 1928 (formerly station master at Lancaster)
Ernest Shadwell 1928 - 1936
George Washington 1936 - 1942 (afterwards station master at East Ham)
P.B. Crowther 1942 - ???? (formerly station master at Cheadle Heath)
Recent history
Part of the route north of Matlock is now preserved as a heritage railway by the railway preservation group Peak Rail.
At present, the heritage line operates for a distance of a little under from through and nearby and terminates at Matlock station in the former down platform, interchanging there with rail services on the Derwent Valley Line.
Before 2004, former train operating company Midland Mainline ran through services into London St Pancras, whilst Central Trains ran some trains to/from . A period of through running to/from via began in late 2008 and, from May 2015, most weekday trains ran to/from via Derby and Nottingham. Weekend services continued to start/end at Nottingham for another year but, from May 2016, most Saturday services were extended to Newark Castle, leaving Sunday the only day with no direct service between Matlock and Newark. In October 2021, East Midlands Railway rearranged their service patterns and, as part of this, weekday services from Matlock were terminated at Derby.
Work within the adjacent Cawdor Quarry resulted in a new superstore for Matlock being opened in 2007 and several hundred new homes are planned to be located nearby. Matlock bus station has also been relocated so as to be adjacent to the railway station, thus giving Matlock a true transport interchange. In the year 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2010, journeys from the station had increased by 40.70%.
The full range of tickets for travel for any destination in the country are purchased from the guard on the train at no extra cost; however, in June 2009, an automatic ticket machine was installed on the platform, enabling passengers to buy or collect tickets bought in advance.
Station layout
The station has two platforms. The former up platform is used by the Derwent Valley Line while the former down platform is used by Peak Rail. The Network Rail platform is accessed from the station car park while the Peak Rail platform is accessed by a small ramp at the north end connecting to a footpath alongside the station. A footbridge at the south end of the station connects the footpath to the car park. The station building (which is located on the former up platform) is occupied by Peak Rail's transport book shop and a limited station buffet.
The track in the Network Rail platform is connected at both ends while the track in the Peak Rail platform is only connected at the north end. To the north of the station is a run-round loop for Network Rail engineering trains. One line of this loop also serves as the access route for Peak Rail trains to run into the station.
Services
All mainline services at Matlock are operated by East Midlands Railway.
On weekdays the station is served by one train per hour in each direction to and from , with around half the services originating or ending in . Saturdays also have an hourly service but all the trains originate or end in Derby.
On Sundays, there is a two-hourly service between Matlock and Nottingham in the morning, with services increasing to hourly from mid-afternoon onwards.
Services are formed using diesel multiple units of Classes 156, 158 or 170.
See also
Listed buildings in Matlock Town
References
External links
Derwent Valley Line Community Rail Partnership
Peak Rail website
Railway stations in Derbyshire
DfT Category F1 stations
Former Midland Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
1849 establishments in England
Matlock, Derbyshire |
Richard Michael McGeagh (March 11, 1944September 9, 2021) was an American competition swimmer and water polo player in his youth, and later a real estate appraiser. He was best known for swimming the backstroke leg for the U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the men's 4×100-meter medley relay at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, and establishing the Olympic record for a backstroke leg. The U.S. team won its preliminary heat and also won the event final, but McGeagh did not swim in the finals and was consequently not eligible for an Olympic medal under the rules in place at the time.
Early life
McGeagh was born in Los Angeles on March 11, 1944. He attended Herbert Hoover High School in Glendale, where he won the 100-yard backstroke event at the CIF Southern Section championships three consecutive times from 1960 to 1962. He also established the national high school record for that event in 1961, with a time of 51.8 seconds. He went on to study at the University of Southern California from 1962 to 1967. He was involved in swimming and water polo for the USC Trojans and received All-American honors in both sports. He won the 400-yard individual medley at the 1964 NCAA championships during his sophomore year.
Career
McGeagh participated in the 1963 Pan American Games, winning a gold medal in the 4×100 m medley relay. He was also part of the American team that established the long course world record of 4:00.1 in the same event at a meet in Osaka that year. He took a semester off in order to get ready for the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He was selected to compete in the preliminary heats of the men's 4×100 m medley relay. Although McGeagh, Virgil Luken, Walter Richardson, and Bob Bennett were described by the Associated Press as "a second‐string team", they established an Olympic record of 4:05.1. McGeagh's time of 1:01.1 was also an Olympic record for the backstroke leg of the relay. He was ultimately omitted from the medal round and was consequently not awarded a medal. This was because under the 1964 Olympic swimming rules, only swimmers who competed in the event final were eligible to receive a medal.
Personal life and death
McGeagh was married to Barbara for 55 years until his death. Together, they had two children: Michael and Karin.
After retiring from competitive swimming, McGeagh became a real estate appraiser. He initially resided in La Crescenta-Montrose, California, before moving to the Nashville neighborhood of Hermitage, Tennessee, in 2013. He died of complications from COVID-19 in Hermitage on September 9, 2021, at the age of 77, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee.
See also
List of University of Southern California people
World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay
References
1944 births
2021 deaths
American male backstroke swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Olympic swimmers for the United States
Swimmers from Los Angeles
Swimmers at the 1963 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
USC Trojans men's swimmers
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee |
```java
package org.apache.bcel.generic;
/* ====================================================================
*
* reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
*
* 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
* if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
* "This product includes software developed by the
* Apache Software Foundation (path_to_url"
* Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
* if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
*
* 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
* "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without prior written permission. For
* written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
*
* 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
* "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
* prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
* ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
* USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
* ====================================================================
*
* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
* individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more
* information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
* <path_to_url
*/
/**
* IFNONNULL - Branch if reference is not null
*
* <PRE>Stack: ..., reference -> ...</PRE>
*
* @version $Id: IFNONNULL.java,v 1.2 2006/08/23 13:48:30 andos Exp $
* @author <A HREF="mailto:markus.dahm@berlin.de">M. Dahm</A>
*/
public class IFNONNULL extends IfInstruction {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6378085152112796792L;
/**
* Empty constructor needed for the Class.newInstance() statement in
* Instruction.readInstruction(). Not to be used otherwise.
*/
IFNONNULL() {}
public IFNONNULL(InstructionHandle target) {
super(org.apache.bcel.Constants.IFNONNULL, target);
}
/**
* @return negation of instruction
*/
public IfInstruction negate() {
return new IFNULL(target);
}
/**
* Call corresponding visitor method(s). The order is:
* Call visitor methods of implemented interfaces first, then
* call methods according to the class hierarchy in descending order,
* i.e., the most specific visitXXX() call comes last.
*
* @param v Visitor object
*/
public void accept(Visitor v) {
v.visitStackConsumer(this);
v.visitBranchInstruction(this);
v.visitIfInstruction(this);
v.visitIFNONNULL(this);
}
}
``` |
```turing
#!perl -w
BEGIN {
if( $ENV{PERL_CORE} ) {
chdir 't';
@INC = ('../lib', 'lib');
}
else {
unshift @INC, 't/lib';
}
}
use strict;
use Test::Simple::Catch;
my($out, $err) = Test::Simple::Catch::caught();
# Can't use Test.pm, that's a 5.005 thing.
package My::Test;
# This has to be a require or else the END block below runs before
# Test::Builder's own and the ending diagnostics don't come out right.
require Test::Builder;
my $TB = Test::Builder->create;
$TB->plan(tests => 4);
# Utility testing functions.
sub ok ($;$) {
return $TB->ok(@_);
}
sub main::err_ok ($) {
my($expect) = @_;
my $got = $err->read;
return $TB->is_eq( $got, $expect );
}
package main;
require Test::More;
Test::More->import(tests => 4);
Test::More->builder->no_ending(1);
{
local $ENV{HARNESS_ACTIVE} = 0;
local $ENV{HARNESS_IS_VERBOSE} = 0;
#line 62
fail( "this fails" );
err_ok( <<ERR );
# Failed test 'this fails'
# at $0 line 62.
ERR
#line 72
is( 1, 0 );
err_ok( <<ERR );
# Failed test at $0 line 72.
# got: '1'
# expected: '0'
ERR
}
{
local $ENV{HARNESS_ACTIVE} = 1;
local $ENV{HARNESS_IS_VERBOSE} = 0;
#line 71
fail( "this fails" );
err_ok( <<ERR );
# Failed test 'this fails'
# at $0 line 71.
ERR
#line 84
is( 1, 0 );
err_ok( <<ERR );
# Failed test at $0 line 84.
# got: '1'
# expected: '0'
ERR
}
``` |
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