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Maksim Siarheyeu (born 15 July 1991 in Vitebsk) is a Belarusian male short track speed skater.
References
External links
Maksim Siarheyeu's profile (retrieved 2014-06-14)
1991 births
Living people
Belarusian male short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters for Belarus
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Vitebsk |
```objective-c
#pragma once
#include <Parsers/IParserBase.h>
namespace DB
{
/** Parses queries of the form
* SHOW [EXTENDED] INDEX|INDEXES|KEYS FROM|IN tbl [FROM|IN db] [WHERE expr]
*/
class ParserShowIndexesQuery : public IParserBase
{
protected:
const char * getName() const override { return "SHOW INDEXES query"; }
bool parseImpl(Pos & pos, ASTPtr & node, Expected & expected) override;
};
}
``` |
Lichen aureus is a skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of one or several golden or rust-colored, closely packed macules or lichenoid papules.
See also
Pigmentary purpuric eruptions
List of cutaneous conditions
References
External links
Vascular-related cutaneous conditions |
Korlaće is a village in the municipality of Raška, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 529.
References
Populated places in Raška District |
In Taiwan, the performing arts are typically classified into the broad categories of music, dance, drama, and traditional opera, with further subdivisions within each category. For instance, traditional opera includes Taiwanese opera, Peking opera, glove puppetry, Beiguan opera, Hakka opera, and others, while dance includes folk dance, modern dance, and indigenous dance. Some genres are difficult to categorize, such as circus acts, immersive experiences, and magic, and some are classified as "integrated art" or included in one of the above listed categories.
Due to the specificities of its geographic location and temporal spatial contexts, Taiwan has experienced various regimes and has different ethnic groups and races, resulting in a variety of cultural systems and sources, which have integrated, resisted, converged, or competed with each other and have all continued to transform and evolve through time, civilizations, and development.
From the Kingdom of Tungning to Qing Dynasty
To a certain degree, the performing arts originate in rites and rituals. For instance, indigenous dances include festival dance, social rites dance, and recreational dance. Early records of Taiwanese performing arts include dances performed at indigenous festivals, including the Pasta'ay and the Maleveq festivals of the Paiwan, the Amis Milalikis or Misacepo' and Harvest festival, the Flying fish festival of the Tao, and the Mangayau festival of the Puyuma, etc.
The folk beliefs of the Han people arrived when residents along the coastal regions of Fujian and Guangdong came to Taiwan during the Kingdom of Tungning period between 1661 and 1683. Popular regional performances during this time included Nanguan, Beiguan, Teochew opera, Taiwanese opera, glove puppetry, marionette puppetry, shadow puppetry, as well as song and dance performance activities such as chariot and drum pageantry, plowing pageantry, and others. These theatrical and musical elements and activities not only provided spiritual comfort but also became a breeding ground for traditional Taiwanese drama. From the dominance of the Nanguan opera in the early Qing dynasty to the popularity of Beiguan opera in the late Qing, family troupes, professional theatrical troupes, and apprentice associations began to form, which laid a foundation for the development of Taiwanese folk dance. Nanguan and Beiguan music were the predominant musical form during this period.
Taiwan's performing arts during this time still tended toward folk beliefs and ceremonial rites, or as recreation during agricultural slack seasons. Commercial and professional performances had not yet been developed. Performing arts as we know it rose to prominence only with the rise of theaters after urbanization and the involvement of industry professionals, who elevated performances to the level of artistry, and such development did not occur until the Japanese colonial period. This was preceded by the development of Taiwan's fine arts and music in the 17th century, when the island was ruled by the Spanish in the north and the Dutch in the south, accompanied by the arrival of missionaries, who established churches to proselytize and introduced Western church music to Taiwan. With the successive defeats suffered by the Qing Dynasty, European traders arrived in troves after the mid-19th century, setting up chambers of commerce and branch offices in Taiwan and bringing Western culture with them. With the increasing number of missionaries, Western art and music was also imparted through the church system.
Japanese colonial period
Subsequent to the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the defeated Qing dynasty signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, ceding Taiwan to Japanese rule beginning in 1895. Western music education systems were introduced to Taiwan along with Japanese rule. At the time, "music" was a core subject officially rooted in the Taiwanese education curriculum, and was a compulsory subject in the teacher training system. It became an important part of the system that cultivated Taiwanese composers. In addition to learning from the education curriculum, dancers as well as musicians departed for Japan to pursue further studies.
Prior to the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, the professional Beiguan theatrical troupes were active throughout Taiwan. The popularity of Peking opera in Taiwan influenced the development of various theatrical genres, such as Beiguan opera and Siping opera. Taiwanese opera began to develop from the Yilan region to become the only theatrical genre that originated in Taiwan. Other theatrical genres such as the Hakka tea harvest drama and glove puppetry also proliferated, while the number of glove puppetry troupes had remained the highest among all theatrical genres since the Japanese colonial period.
At the same time, Taiwan's modern drama began to germinate. In contrast to performing through songs in traditional operas, these were called "New Drama" and were set in a contemporary social environment, where performers wore modern clothing and spoke the vernacular against a modern set design, which diverged entirely from the traditional opera. The rise and fall of the development of "New Drama" in Taiwan's theatrical history were influenced by factors in the "political environment." For instance, the Taiwanese Cultural Association was established in 1921 by Lin Hsien-tang, Chiang Wei-shui, Tsai Pei-huo, Wang Min-chuan and others in the hope to change ideological concepts in the society and culture at the time as well as to reform unpleasant social customs and elevate the cultural standards of the general public through theater, which was therefore referred to as "Cultural Drama."
In the field of dance, performances by the pioneer of Japanese modern dance Baku Ishii and Korea dancer Choi Seung-hee in Taiwan in 1930 catalyzed a trend among early Taiwanese dancers, represented by Tsai Jui-yueh, Lee Tsai-er, Lee Shu-fen, to study in Japan. Upon ruling Taiwan, the Japanese government worked to put an end to practices such as foot binding, striving to make strides toward modernization. The visit to Taiwan by modern dancers was of symbolic historical significance. Japan also provided a conduit for the introduction into Taiwan of ballet -- the epitome of Western culture.
Under the Kominka (Japanization) Movement implemented during the late Japanese colonial period, most traditional operas were banned or forced to take on different performance formats. As a result, a profusion of professional theatrical troupes sprang up in an attempt to replace the gaps in the market after the ban on traditional opera. However, the initial fervor in the development of New Drama was limited by conditions of social development and political factors, and faced scrutiny and suppression from the Japanese authorities as well as the Nationalist government that followed. Even Lu Chuan-sheng’s Castrated Chicken, a Taiwanese opera created through Western composition techniques, came under the scrutiny of the ruling powers. Ultimately, the major creative forces of New Drama could only rely on amateur performances. Without more profound artistic achievements and lacking in entertainment value, these works gradually fell out of the mainstream.
From post-war to the martial law period
In the early post-war period, professional theater troupes of various regional theatrical genres from China arrived in Taiwan, which were more or less connected with the government or the military. Examples included Yu opera, Qinqiang, Peking opera, Sichuan opera, Yue opera, etc. In terms of dance, the authorities did not place limitations on the style or content of dance performances between 1945 and 1950. Whether they're Japanese creative dance, Western ballet, Christian cultural themes, or exotic dances drawn from various cultures around the world, the first generation of Taiwanese dancers were free to create and teach.。
However, after the 228 incident erupted in 1947, the Taiwan Provincial Chief Executive Office promulgated the Regulations on the Management of Theatrical Troupes in the Taiwan Province, requiring all performances and activities to apply for registration in advance and strengthening control over theatrical activities and speech.In 1949, the Nationalist government comprehensively retreated to Taiwan and immediately promulgated the Martial Law. Subsequent to the repressive rule of the Kominka Movement, the Martial Law further exerted pressures and centralized power over the thoughts, actions and personal freedoms of the Taiwanese people, while suppressed the freedoms of performing arts activities at the same time.
For example, the establishment of the Chinese Literature and Arts Awards Committee in 1950 provided a sizable monetary award for the creation of literary and artistic works with a "national cultural consciousness" and "highlighting anticommunist and anti-Russian significance." The subsequently founding of the Chinese Writers' and Artists' Association, which incorporated a group of theater workers, along with theatrical troupes established by the military and academic institutions brought anticommunist and anti-Russian works to an apex in theater as well as in dance. Dance was regarded as a tool for reviving national culture and for uniting the collective consciousness of the people. The "created tradition" of "folk dance movement" was born within this temporal context.
In regards to traditional theater, Taiwanese opera was popularly received in commercial theaters during the Japanese colonial period and reached a further peak in the post-war 1960s. It was incorporated into broadcast, film, and television media along with transformations in mass media. Glove puppetry progressed along a similar route. Anti-communist and anti-Russian literature and art placed similar restraints and restrictions on traditional theater, with the exception of Peking opera. Though popularly received in Taiwan prior to the arrival of the Nationalist government, Peking opera was nurtured in the military and enjoyed a developmental ecology that differed from other theatrical arts. The mechanisms for cultivating talents of Peking opera included formal education in the school system as well as schools affiliated with theater troupes, and thus private and public theatrical schools emerged in consequence. These schools did not only nurture operatic talents but many circus and acrobatic talents as well. In terms of music, there were a number of educational systems established respectively by musicians from mainland China as well as by Taiwanese musicians who have studied in Japan.
The introduction of modern dance in the 1960s played a pivotal role in the Cold War era. The Western cultural trends, the mainstay in modernist ideologies and aesthetics at that time, had a profound influence in Taiwan and opened up international perspectives during the Martial Law era. The diplomatic setbacks of the 1970s, including the withdrawal from the United Nations and severance of the diplomatic ties between the ROC and the United States, made Taiwanese people turn to culture and begin to seek for their own identity and national legitimacy. The Cloud Gate Dance Theater was established at this time.
After the lifting of martial law
The first phase of Taiwan's Little Theater Movement basically began to germinate in the 1960s, prior to the lifting of Martial Law, with Li Man-kue, who was devoted to promoting theatrical performances and organizing events such as world theater festivals and youth theater festivals. Performance activities targeted students on campus. Although Li had a strong political backing and served as a member of the play script review committee of the Chinese Literature and Arts Awards Committee, she actively promoted theatrical performances for children, students in universities, women, and religious groups in hopes that drama could play a role in social education.At the same time, magazines introducing Western art, film, drama, and creative theories also created new connections between Taiwan and Western culture in the context towards the lifting of Martial Law.
In 1980, Yao Yi-wei, then chairman of the Stage Play Appreciation Committee, launched the first Experimental Theatre Festival, presenting new styles that diverged from traditional dramatic forms and opened up a dialogue between traditional and modern dramas and enabled more people to see new possibilities. This greatly influenced the later development of modern drama and is regarded as a major milestone in the development of Taiwan's modern drama. As a result, Lanlin Theatre Troupe, which performed in the inaugural Experimental Theatre Festival, officially launched the wave of Taiwan's Little Theater movement full of avant-garde and experimental character. It ushered in an era that gradually made strides toward the lifting of Martial Law and welcomed various stages of the Little Theater movement as well as more drastic social, artistic, and cultural changes.
Around the time when Martial Law was lifted, Taiwan experienced an accelerating disparity between the rich and the poor brought by rapid industrialization. In addition to responding to social issues through various experimental styles of drama, dance provided a response to contemporaneity through the narrative methods of post-modern dance. Masters, authorities, and celebrity dancers are no longer held on a pedestal. Instead, with the bold use of daily life as the subject of dance, the core of post-modern dance lies in breaking the boundaries between life and art and challenging the hierarchies of dance. To a certain degree, it had a mutual resonance with the Little Theater movement of that era.
At the same time, various genres of performing arts transcended their existing frameworks. "Transcultural" and "transdisciplinary" became mainstreams for certain types of creation and discourse. In addition to searching for artistry, they also explored potential for commercial entertainment. As creative content moves toward freedom and diversity, the division of labor within the theater has gradually become comprehensive through professional training and international cooperation, including stage, lighting, music, and sound effects designs, etc. Dramaturgy, theater consultants, creative partners, and various creative and production platforms that have been adopted in recent years have opened up more possibilities for the creative environment of Taiwan's performing arts.
See also
Taiwanese drama
Theater in Taiwan
Music of Taiwan
Taiwanese opera
References |
Mezzovico-Vira is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.
History
A recently discovered stele with inscriptions in northern Etruscan suggests that the area around Mezzovico-Vira was already settled in the pre-Roman era. An archaeological investigation under the parish church of S. Abbondio in 1990, discovered Roman urn graves. The church developed from a small wooden church in the 6th century to the current baroque building.
In the Early Middle Ages it was a curtis, consisting of the villa (Vira), the vicus in the middle (Mezzovico) and the settlement of Sigirino. In the Middle Ages it belonged to the valley community of Carvina, which included the villages of the upper north end of Vedeggio. The modern municipality of Mezzovico-Vira is first mentioned in 1335 as Medio Vico and Vira.
The political and religious center of the valley was Bironico. Mezzovico and Vira were always one municipality, but separated religiously when the Church of San Antonio in Vira became a parish church in 1838. The parish church of Mezzovico, S. Mamete goes back to a Roman era building which was expanded in the 12th, 15th and 16th centuries.
Traditional agriculture in the village was based mainly on the use of mountain pastures. In the last decades of the 20th century; the motorway, the main road and the railway along with a number of buildings for industry and commerce were built in along the valley floor. This development is due to the growth of the agglomeration of Lugano, which spread into the Vedeggio valley, as well as the proximity to the motorway and the Swiss Federal Railways station at Rivera.
Geography
Mezzovico-Vira has an area, , of . Of this area, or 5.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 65.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 8.3% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.3% is either rivers or lakes and or 14.1% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.8% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 2.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.9%. Out of the forested land, 53.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 3.2% is used for growing crops and 2.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 12.5% is unproductive vegetation and 1.6% is too rocky for vegetation.
The municipality is located in the Lugano district. It consists of two settlements along the old road to Monte Ceneri.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per pale argent a hemp plant vert fruited(?) or and azure a crozieror issuant from base behind an escutcheon argent a cross gules. The hemp () refers to the family Canepa, while the cross and shield are from the bishop Enrico Silvio (1556–1612).
Demographics
Mezzovico-Vira has a population () of . , 12.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 19%.
Most of the population () speaks Italian (87.0%), with German being second most common (7.8%) and French being third (1.9%). Of the Swiss national languages (), 73 speak German, 18 people speak French, 816 people speak Italian. The remainder (31 people) speak another language.
, the gender distribution of the population was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The population was made up of 498 Swiss men (43.0% of the population), and 68 (5.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 527 Swiss women (45.5%), and 66 (5.7%) non-Swiss women.
In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and were 4 deaths of Swiss citizens. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 5 while the foreign population remained the same. There were 2 Swiss men and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there was 1 non-Swiss man who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 18 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 2 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.8%.
The age distribution, , in Mezzovico-Vira is; 133 children or 11.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 128 teenagers or 11.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 104 people or 9.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 174 people or 15.0% are between 30 and 39, 230 people or 19.8% are between 40 and 49, and 143 people or 12.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 107 people or 9.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 83 people or 7.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 57 people or 4.9% who are over 80.
, there were 367 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. there were 317 single family homes (or 81.7% of the total) out of a total of 388 inhabited buildings. There were 53 two family buildings (13.7%) and 2 multi-family buildings (0.5%). There were also 16 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).
The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.57%. there were 466 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 4 room apartment of which there were 142. There were 31 single room apartments and 137 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 365 apartments (78.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 95 apartments (20.4%) were seasonally occupied and 6 apartments (1.3%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.6 new units per 1000 residents.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Heritage sites of national significance
The Church of S. Mamete and Oratory of S. Ambrogio are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 37.64% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Ticino League (18.48%), the FDP (18.39%) and the SP (12.91%). In the federal election, a total of 419 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 57.0%.
In the Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 733 registered voters in Mezzovico-Vira, of which 551 or 75.2% voted. 9 blank ballots were cast, leaving 542 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PPD+GenGiova which received 166 or 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the SSI (with 105 or 19.4%), the LEGA (with 99 or 18.3%) and the PLRT (with 97 or 17.9%).
In the Consiglio di Stato election, 7 blank ballots were cast, leaving 544 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PPD which received 148 or 27.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the LEGA (with 140 or 25.7%), the PLRT (with 92 or 16.9%) and the SSI (with 81 or 14.9%).
Economy
, Mezzovico-Vira had an unemployment rate of 3.48%. , there were 23 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 6 businesses involved in this sector. 1,508 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 39 businesses in this sector. 390 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 61 businesses in this sector. There were 441 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.3% of the workforce.
, there were 1,934 workers who commuted into the municipality and 304 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 6.4 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 26.0% of the workforce coming into Mezzovico-Vira are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.3% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 9.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 68.5% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 800 or 85.3% were Roman Catholic, while 64 or 6.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There are 51 individuals (or about 5.44% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 23 individuals (or about 2.45% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Mezzovico-Vira about 74.7% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
In Mezzovico-Vira there were a total of 225 students (). The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Mezzovico-Vira there were 42 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 76 students attended the standard primary schools and 4 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 54 students in the two-year middle school and 1 in their pre-apprenticeship, while 13 students were in the four-year advanced program.
The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 10 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 23 who attend part-time.
The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 2 students in the professional program.
, there were 2 students in Mezzovico-Vira who came from another municipality, while 72 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Transport
Mezzovico-Vira is served by the Mezzovico station, on the Gotthard railway.
References
Municipalities of Ticino
Cultural property of national significance in Ticino |
Powellisetia ponderi is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.
Description
Distribution
References
Rissoidae
Gastropods described in 1996 |
Tarakeswar Municipality is the civic body that governs Tarakeswar and its surrounding areas in the Chandannagore subdivision of Hooghly district, West Bengal, India.
History
Tarakeswar Municipality was established in 1975.
Geography
Tarakeswar Municipality covers an area of 3.88 sq km and has a total population of 31,344 (2011).
Tarakeswar Municipality is bounded by Bhanjipur gram panchayat on the north, Baligori I gram panchayat on the east, Ramnagar gram panchayat on the south and Sontoshpur gram panchayat on the west. It is located in the centre of Tarakeswar CD Block.
Elections
In the 2015 municipal elections for Tarakeswar Municipality Trinamool Congress won all the 15 seats.
In the 2010 municipal elections for Tarakeswar Municipality Trinamool Congress won 10 seats and CPI (M) 5 seats.
About the 2010 municipal elections, The Guardian wrote, "Today's municipal elections are unlike any for decades: the Communists, who have held West Bengal's main towns almost without a break since the 1970s, are facing disaster… This time defeat is likely to be definitive and could signal the beginning of the end for the Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPIM)."
In the 2005 municipal elections for Tarakeswar Municipality, CPI (M) won 11 seats and Marxist Forward Bloc 4 seats.
References
Municipalities of West Bengal |
```scss
/*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
.mat-mdc-card {
div:first-of-type {
width: 50%;
margin: auto;
padding-right: 10px;
position: sticky;
top: 0;
z-index: 2;
input {
width: 100%;
margin: 0 0 15px;
}
}
}
``` |
The 1989 Hall of Fame Bowl featured the 17th-ranked Syracuse Orangemen and the 16th-ranked LSU Tigers. It was the third edition of the Hall of Fame Bowl.
Syracuse scored first following a 2-yard Robert Drummond touchdown, and led 7–0 after one quarter. In the second quarter, Syracuse added a 38-yard field goal to take a 10–0 lead. LSU got on the scoreboard, following a 19-yard touchdown run by Calvin Windom getting to 10–7.
In the third quarter, avid Browndyke kicked a 35-yard field goal to tie the game at 10. Robert Drummond scored on a 1-yard run late in the third quarter as Syracuse led 17–10. Syracuse added a 4-yard touchdown pass from Todd Philcox to Deval Glover for a 23-10 lead. Syracuse held on to win by that same margin.
The loss marked the beginning of a dark period for LSU football. The Tigers recorded six consecutive losing seasons from 1989 through 1994, leading to the resignation of coach Mike Archer following the 1990 season and the dismissal of his successor, Curley Hallman, after four seasons. LSU did not return to a New Year's Day bowl game until 2001, by which time it had fired another coach, Gerry DiNardo.
References
Hall of Fame Bowl
ReliaQuest Bowl
LSU Tigers football bowl games
Syracuse Orange football bowl games
Hall of Fame Bowl
20th century in Tampa, Florida
January 1989 sports events in the United States |
Wingfield Manor is a ruined manor house left deserted since the 1770s, near the village of South Wingfield and some west of the town of Alfreton in the English county of Derbyshire. There is a working farm that forms part of the old manor.
It is now in the care of English Heritage, listed on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register, and is not open currently to the public.
History
Construction of the manor began in 1441 for Treasurer to Henry VI, Sir Ralph Cromwell, though the building was not completed until after his death when John Talbot, the second Earl of Shrewsbury, bought the property. His family maintained the manor within the property for nearly two hundred years. After which, Parliament decreed that the manor be dismantled and allowed to fall into ruin, and parts were taken for building materials, leaving behind the present ruins. It is also considered to house the first flushing toilet, built in 1596.
Mary, Queen of Scots, at Wingfield
The sixth Earl of Shrewsbury was entrusted with the care of Mary, Queen of Scots, when she was detained from 1569 onward, in his various houses around Derbyshire, Wingfield among them. In August 1569 the Earl was anxious to move Mary from Wingfield. He wanted to take her to Sheffield because Wingfield needed cleaning. There were over 240 people in residence and the manor "waxed unsavoury." At Sheffield, the Earl had two houses, Sheffield Castle and Sheffield Manor and could easily move the queen between them when cleaning was necessary. Mary was still at Wingfield at the time of the Rebellion of the North in November 1569. The Earl of Shrewsbury heard of a plot to release Mary at that time. The Earl of Northumberland and his wife had come to stay nearby at Wentworth House. The alleged escape plan involved the Countess of Northumberland pretending to be a nurse and coming to attend Christine Hogg, the pregnant wife of the embroiderer Bastian Pagez. The Countess was "something like the queen in personage" and would take Mary's place while she escaped.
Queen Elizabeth wrote to the Earl of Shrewsbury on 14 March 1570 giving permission for him to move Mary back to Wingfield because the water supply at Tutbury Castle was inadequate. The Earl had hoped to take Mary to Chatsworth House and also made preparations there.
Mary was back at Wingfield in 1584 and Ralph Sadler described in October how the "castle" was guarded by soldiers armed with pistols, muskets and halberds, and the difficult terrain nearby which would deter escape. He wrote about the unsatisfactory conditions in November, when she was to move to Tutbury Castle. Mary's bedchamber at Wingfield was too close to the kitchens and the "smoke and scent of meat" from below, despite being the best lodging in the house.
It may have been at Wingfield that Mary met Anthony Babington, whose family lived at Dethick nearby, who organised the abortive Babington Plot, a Recusant Catholic plot against Elizabeth I. The walnut tree in the north courtyard is reputed to have grown from a seed left when Anthony Babington smeared walnut juice over his face to disguise himself and enter the castle to see Mary, Queen of Scots. However, the tree is not old enough for this story to be true.
The Civil War
At the time of the English Civil War (1642–48), the manor was in the hands of Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke, a Parliament supporter. The manor was taken by the Royalists in 1643 and then, after a short siege (albeit interrupted by the Battle of Marston Moor), retaken by Parliament in August 1644, after several large siege engines had destroyed part of the western curtain wall. Wingfield Manor located in what was then a strategic position near a main north-south artery of the country and also a key east-west link at the southern end of the Pennines. It was partially demolished at the end of the Civil War on instructions from Parliament in order that it could never be used again for defensive purposes - not that it was built as a castle in the first place.
Along the curtain walls and on the towers can still be seen the damage caused by cannonballs. One in particular on the north wall, shows by its shape, the direction of fire, indicating the direction of the cannons used in the 1644 siege, four 32 pounders, borrowed for the occasion. Initially these cannon were positioned on the hill to the east, the site of an old Roman fort, but the distance was too great and the only damage incurred was to a half moon battery outside the main gate, which is overgrown but still visible. The guns were moved to the west, to manor top, and it was from here that the southern part of the west curtain wall was demolished, after which the Royalists surrendered. After the war the manor was deliberately ruined so it would never again be used for defence.
The Great Hall of the manor was renovated some years later for Immanuel Halton, an astronomer. In the 18th Century it was abandoned (apart from the farmhouse in the centre) and then further damaged when stone was taken for building Wingfield Hall, in the valley below.
Current remains
The remains include a usable tower, part of a greater tower that included, before the English Civil War, one of the earliest flushing systems in England. A cistern of water, positioned at the top of the tower, was emptied through the toilet area into the moat. The remains of the great hall, once one of the largest in the country, contains an oriel window, where light would once have shone through coloured glass and illuminated the high table. The undercroft below the great hall was used for the storage of wine, beer and food, and had stairs on each corner going up to the great hall. The kitchens were connected to the great hall by a passageway. The remains of two bread ovens can be seen, along with two large fireplaces. There is also a great stone barn, notable for the internal timbering; and the gate above the entrance to the north court contains a carved representation of moneybags, the symbol of the exchequer, Lord Cromwell.
See also
Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire
Listed buildings in South Wingfield
References
External links
A brief history and numerous photographs
Page at English Heritage
Information for teachers: English Heritage
The Architecture of Wingfield Manor by J. Alfred Gotch
Country houses in Derbyshire
English Heritage sites in Derbyshire
Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire
Scheduled monuments in Derbyshire
Ruins in Derbyshire |
```go
package internal
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"github.com/influxdata/chronograf"
"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)
//go:generate protoc --go_out=. internal.proto
// MarshalBuild encodes a build to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalBuild(b chronograf.BuildInfo) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(&BuildInfo{
Version: b.Version,
Commit: b.Commit,
})
}
// UnmarshalBuild decodes a build from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalBuild(data []byte, b *chronograf.BuildInfo) error {
var pb BuildInfo
if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
b.Version = pb.Version
b.Commit = pb.Commit
return nil
}
// MarshalSource encodes a source to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalSource(s chronograf.Source) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(&Source{
ID: int64(s.ID),
Name: s.Name,
Type: s.Type,
Username: s.Username,
Password: s.Password,
SharedSecret: s.SharedSecret,
URL: s.URL,
MetaURL: s.MetaURL,
InsecureSkipVerify: s.InsecureSkipVerify,
Default: s.Default,
Telegraf: s.Telegraf,
Organization: s.Organization,
Role: s.Role,
DefaultRP: s.DefaultRP,
Version: s.Version,
})
}
// UnmarshalSource decodes a source from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalSource(data []byte, s *chronograf.Source) error {
var pb Source
if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
s.ID = int(pb.ID)
s.Name = pb.Name
s.Type = pb.Type
s.Username = pb.Username
s.Password = pb.Password
s.SharedSecret = pb.SharedSecret
s.URL = pb.URL
s.MetaURL = pb.MetaURL
s.InsecureSkipVerify = pb.InsecureSkipVerify
s.Default = pb.Default
s.Telegraf = pb.Telegraf
s.Organization = pb.Organization
s.Role = pb.Role
s.DefaultRP = pb.DefaultRP
s.Version = pb.Version
return nil
}
// MarshalServer encodes a server to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalServer(s chronograf.Server) ([]byte, error) {
var (
metadata []byte
err error
)
metadata, err = json.Marshal(s.Metadata)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return proto.Marshal(&Server{
ID: int64(s.ID),
SrcID: int64(s.SrcID),
Name: s.Name,
Username: s.Username,
Password: s.Password,
URL: s.URL,
Active: s.Active,
Organization: s.Organization,
InsecureSkipVerify: s.InsecureSkipVerify,
Type: s.Type,
MetadataJSON: string(metadata),
})
}
// UnmarshalServer decodes a server from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalServer(data []byte, s *chronograf.Server) error {
var pb Server
if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
s.Metadata = make(map[string]interface{})
if len(pb.MetadataJSON) > 0 {
if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(pb.MetadataJSON), &s.Metadata); err != nil {
return err
}
}
s.ID = int(pb.ID)
s.SrcID = int(pb.SrcID)
s.Name = pb.Name
s.Username = pb.Username
s.Password = pb.Password
s.URL = pb.URL
s.Active = pb.Active
s.Organization = pb.Organization
s.InsecureSkipVerify = pb.InsecureSkipVerify
s.Type = pb.Type
return nil
}
// MarshalLayout encodes a layout to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalLayout(l chronograf.Layout) ([]byte, error) {
cells := make([]*Cell, len(l.Cells))
for i, c := range l.Cells {
queries := make([]*Query, len(c.Queries))
for j, q := range c.Queries {
r := new(Range)
if q.Range != nil {
r.Upper, r.Lower = q.Range.Upper, q.Range.Lower
}
queries[j] = &Query{
Command: q.Command,
DB: q.DB,
RP: q.RP,
GroupBys: q.GroupBys,
Wheres: q.Wheres,
Label: q.Label,
Range: r,
}
}
axes := make(map[string]*Axis, len(c.Axes))
for a, r := range c.Axes {
axes[a] = &Axis{
Bounds: r.Bounds,
Label: r.Label,
}
}
cells[i] = &Cell{
X: c.X,
Y: c.Y,
W: c.W,
H: c.H,
I: c.I,
Name: c.Name,
Queries: queries,
Type: c.Type,
Axes: axes,
}
}
return proto.Marshal(&Layout{
ID: l.ID,
Measurement: l.Measurement,
Application: l.Application,
Autoflow: l.Autoflow,
Cells: cells,
})
}
// UnmarshalLayout decodes a layout from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalLayout(data []byte, l *chronograf.Layout) error {
var pb Layout
if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
l.ID = pb.ID
l.Measurement = pb.Measurement
l.Application = pb.Application
l.Autoflow = pb.Autoflow
cells := make([]chronograf.Cell, len(pb.Cells))
for i, c := range pb.Cells {
queries := make([]chronograf.Query, len(c.Queries))
for j, q := range c.Queries {
queries[j] = chronograf.Query{
Command: q.Command,
DB: q.DB,
RP: q.RP,
GroupBys: q.GroupBys,
Wheres: q.Wheres,
Label: q.Label,
}
if q.Range.Upper != q.Range.Lower {
queries[j].Range = &chronograf.Range{
Upper: q.Range.Upper,
Lower: q.Range.Lower,
}
}
}
axes := make(map[string]chronograf.Axis, len(c.Axes))
for a, r := range c.Axes {
axes[a] = chronograf.Axis{
Bounds: r.Bounds,
Label: r.Label,
}
}
cells[i] = chronograf.Cell{
X: c.X,
Y: c.Y,
W: c.W,
H: c.H,
I: c.I,
Name: c.Name,
Queries: queries,
Type: c.Type,
Axes: axes,
}
}
l.Cells = cells
return nil
}
// MarshalDashboard encodes a dashboard to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalDashboard(d chronograf.Dashboard) ([]byte, error) {
cells := make([]*DashboardCell, len(d.Cells))
for i, c := range d.Cells {
queries := make([]*Query, len(c.Queries))
for j, q := range c.Queries {
r := new(Range)
if q.Range != nil {
r.Upper, r.Lower = q.Range.Upper, q.Range.Lower
}
q.Shifts = q.QueryConfig.Shifts
queries[j] = &Query{
Command: q.Command,
Label: q.Label,
Range: r,
Source: q.Source,
Type: q.Type,
}
shifts := make([]*TimeShift, len(q.Shifts))
for k := range q.Shifts {
shift := &TimeShift{
Label: q.Shifts[k].Label,
Unit: q.Shifts[k].Unit,
Quantity: q.Shifts[k].Quantity,
}
shifts[k] = shift
}
queries[j].Shifts = shifts
}
colors := make([]*Color, len(c.CellColors))
for j, color := range c.CellColors {
colors[j] = &Color{
ID: color.ID,
Type: color.Type,
Hex: color.Hex,
Name: color.Name,
Value: color.Value,
}
}
axes := make(map[string]*Axis, len(c.Axes))
for a, r := range c.Axes {
axes[a] = &Axis{
Bounds: r.Bounds,
Label: r.Label,
Prefix: r.Prefix,
Suffix: r.Suffix,
Base: r.Base,
Scale: r.Scale,
}
}
sortBy := &RenamableField{
InternalName: c.TableOptions.SortBy.InternalName,
DisplayName: c.TableOptions.SortBy.DisplayName,
Visible: c.TableOptions.SortBy.Visible,
}
tableOptions := &TableOptions{
VerticalTimeAxis: c.TableOptions.VerticalTimeAxis,
SortBy: sortBy,
Wrapping: c.TableOptions.Wrapping,
FixFirstColumn: c.TableOptions.FixFirstColumn,
}
decimalPlaces := &DecimalPlaces{
IsEnforced: c.DecimalPlaces.IsEnforced,
Digits: c.DecimalPlaces.Digits,
}
fieldOptions := make([]*RenamableField, len(c.FieldOptions))
for i, field := range c.FieldOptions {
fieldOptions[i] = &RenamableField{
InternalName: field.InternalName,
DisplayName: field.DisplayName,
Visible: field.Visible,
}
}
note := c.Note
noteVisibility := c.NoteVisibility
cells[i] = &DashboardCell{
ID: c.ID,
X: c.X,
Y: c.Y,
W: c.W,
H: c.H,
Name: c.Name,
Queries: queries,
Type: c.Type,
Axes: axes,
Colors: colors,
Legend: &Legend{
Type: c.Legend.Type,
Orientation: c.Legend.Orientation,
},
TableOptions: tableOptions,
FieldOptions: fieldOptions,
TimeFormat: c.TimeFormat,
DecimalPlaces: decimalPlaces,
Note: note,
NoteVisibility: noteVisibility,
}
}
templates := make([]*Template, len(d.Templates))
for i, t := range d.Templates {
vals := make([]*TemplateValue, len(t.Values))
for j, v := range t.Values {
vals[j] = &TemplateValue{
Selected: v.Selected,
Type: v.Type,
Value: v.Value,
Key: v.Key,
}
}
template := &Template{
ID: string(t.ID),
TempVar: t.Var,
Values: vals,
Type: t.Type,
Label: t.Label,
SourceID: t.SourceID,
}
if t.Query != nil {
template.Query = &TemplateQuery{
Command: t.Query.Command,
Flux: t.Query.Flux,
Db: t.Query.DB,
Rp: t.Query.RP,
Measurement: t.Query.Measurement,
TagKey: t.Query.TagKey,
FieldKey: t.Query.FieldKey,
}
}
templates[i] = template
}
return proto.Marshal(&Dashboard{
ID: int64(d.ID),
Cells: cells,
Templates: templates,
Name: d.Name,
Organization: d.Organization,
})
}
// UnmarshalDashboard decodes a layout from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalDashboard(data []byte, d *chronograf.Dashboard) error {
var pb Dashboard
if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
cells := make([]chronograf.DashboardCell, len(pb.Cells))
for i, c := range pb.Cells {
queries := make([]chronograf.DashboardQuery, len(c.Queries))
for j, q := range c.Queries {
queryType := "influxql"
if q.Type != "" {
queryType = q.Type
}
queries[j] = chronograf.DashboardQuery{
Command: q.Command,
Label: q.Label,
Source: q.Source,
Type: queryType,
}
if q.Range.Upper != q.Range.Lower {
queries[j].Range = &chronograf.Range{
Upper: q.Range.Upper,
Lower: q.Range.Lower,
}
}
shifts := make([]chronograf.TimeShift, len(q.Shifts))
for k := range q.Shifts {
shift := chronograf.TimeShift{
Label: q.Shifts[k].Label,
Unit: q.Shifts[k].Unit,
Quantity: q.Shifts[k].Quantity,
}
shifts[k] = shift
}
queries[j].Shifts = shifts
}
colors := make([]chronograf.CellColor, len(c.Colors))
for j, color := range c.Colors {
colors[j] = chronograf.CellColor{
ID: color.ID,
Type: color.Type,
Hex: color.Hex,
Name: color.Name,
Value: color.Value,
}
}
axes := make(map[string]chronograf.Axis, len(c.Axes))
for a, r := range c.Axes {
// axis base defaults to 10
if r.Base == "" {
r.Base = "10"
}
if r.Scale == "" {
r.Scale = "linear"
}
axis := chronograf.Axis{
Bounds: r.Bounds,
Label: r.Label,
Prefix: r.Prefix,
Suffix: r.Suffix,
Base: r.Base,
Scale: r.Scale,
}
axes[a] = axis
}
legend := chronograf.Legend{}
if c.Legend != nil {
legend.Type = c.Legend.Type
legend.Orientation = c.Legend.Orientation
}
tableOptions := chronograf.TableOptions{}
if c.TableOptions != nil {
sortBy := chronograf.RenamableField{}
if c.TableOptions.SortBy != nil {
sortBy.InternalName = c.TableOptions.SortBy.InternalName
sortBy.DisplayName = c.TableOptions.SortBy.DisplayName
sortBy.Visible = c.TableOptions.SortBy.Visible
}
tableOptions.SortBy = sortBy
tableOptions.VerticalTimeAxis = c.TableOptions.VerticalTimeAxis
tableOptions.Wrapping = c.TableOptions.Wrapping
tableOptions.FixFirstColumn = c.TableOptions.FixFirstColumn
}
fieldOptions := make([]chronograf.RenamableField, len(c.FieldOptions))
for i, field := range c.FieldOptions {
fieldOptions[i] = chronograf.RenamableField{}
fieldOptions[i].InternalName = field.InternalName
fieldOptions[i].DisplayName = field.DisplayName
fieldOptions[i].Visible = field.Visible
}
decimalPlaces := chronograf.DecimalPlaces{}
if c.DecimalPlaces != nil {
decimalPlaces.IsEnforced = c.DecimalPlaces.IsEnforced
decimalPlaces.Digits = c.DecimalPlaces.Digits
} else {
decimalPlaces.IsEnforced = true
decimalPlaces.Digits = 2
}
note := c.Note
noteVisibility := c.NoteVisibility
// FIXME: this is merely for legacy cells and
// should be removed as soon as possible
cellType := c.Type
if cellType == "" {
cellType = "line"
}
cells[i] = chronograf.DashboardCell{
ID: c.ID,
X: c.X,
Y: c.Y,
W: c.W,
H: c.H,
Name: c.Name,
Queries: queries,
Type: cellType,
Axes: axes,
CellColors: colors,
Legend: legend,
TableOptions: tableOptions,
FieldOptions: fieldOptions,
TimeFormat: c.TimeFormat,
DecimalPlaces: decimalPlaces,
Note: note,
NoteVisibility: noteVisibility,
}
}
templates := make([]chronograf.Template, len(pb.Templates))
for i, t := range pb.Templates {
vals := make([]chronograf.TemplateValue, len(t.Values))
for j, v := range t.Values {
vals[j] = chronograf.TemplateValue{
Selected: v.Selected,
Type: v.Type,
Value: v.Value,
Key: v.Key,
}
}
template := chronograf.Template{
ID: chronograf.TemplateID(t.ID),
TemplateVar: chronograf.TemplateVar{
Var: t.TempVar,
Values: vals,
},
Type: t.Type,
Label: t.Label,
SourceID: t.SourceID,
}
if t.SourceID == "" {
template.SourceID = "dynamic"
}
if t.Query != nil {
template.Query = &chronograf.TemplateQuery{
Command: t.Query.Command,
Flux: t.Query.Flux,
DB: t.Query.Db,
RP: t.Query.Rp,
Measurement: t.Query.Measurement,
TagKey: t.Query.TagKey,
FieldKey: t.Query.FieldKey,
}
}
templates[i] = template
}
d.ID = chronograf.DashboardID(pb.ID)
d.Cells = cells
d.Templates = templates
d.Name = pb.Name
d.Organization = pb.Organization
return nil
}
// ScopedAlert contains the source and the kapacitor id
type ScopedAlert struct {
chronograf.AlertRule
SrcID int
KapaID int
}
// MarshalAlertRule encodes an alert rule to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalAlertRule(r *ScopedAlert) ([]byte, error) {
j, err := json.Marshal(r.AlertRule)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return proto.Marshal(&AlertRule{
ID: r.ID,
SrcID: int64(r.SrcID),
KapaID: int64(r.KapaID),
JSON: string(j),
})
}
// UnmarshalAlertRule decodes an alert rule from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalAlertRule(data []byte, r *ScopedAlert) error {
var pb AlertRule
if err := proto.Unmarshal(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(pb.JSON), &r.AlertRule)
if err != nil {
return err
}
r.SrcID = int(pb.SrcID)
r.KapaID = int(pb.KapaID)
return nil
}
// MarshalUser encodes a user to binary protobuf format.
// We are ignoring the password for now.
func MarshalUser(u *chronograf.User) ([]byte, error) {
roles := make([]*Role, len(u.Roles))
for i, role := range u.Roles {
roles[i] = &Role{
Organization: role.Organization,
Name: role.Name,
}
}
return MarshalUserPB(&User{
ID: u.ID,
Name: u.Name,
Provider: u.Provider,
Scheme: u.Scheme,
Roles: roles,
SuperAdmin: u.SuperAdmin,
})
}
// MarshalUserPB encodes a user to binary protobuf format.
// We are ignoring the password for now.
func MarshalUserPB(u *User) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(u)
}
// UnmarshalUser decodes a user from binary protobuf data.
// We are ignoring the password for now.
func UnmarshalUser(data []byte, u *chronograf.User) error {
var pb User
if err := UnmarshalUserPB(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
roles := make([]chronograf.Role, len(pb.Roles))
for i, role := range pb.Roles {
roles[i] = chronograf.Role{
Organization: role.Organization,
Name: role.Name,
}
}
u.ID = pb.ID
u.Name = pb.Name
u.Provider = pb.Provider
u.Scheme = pb.Scheme
u.SuperAdmin = pb.SuperAdmin
u.Roles = roles
return nil
}
// UnmarshalUserPB decodes a user from binary protobuf data.
// We are ignoring the password for now.
func UnmarshalUserPB(data []byte, u *User) error {
return proto.Unmarshal(data, u)
}
// MarshalRole encodes a role to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalRole(r *chronograf.Role) ([]byte, error) {
return MarshalRolePB(&Role{
Organization: r.Organization,
Name: r.Name,
})
}
// MarshalRolePB encodes a role to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalRolePB(r *Role) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(r)
}
// UnmarshalRole decodes a role from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalRole(data []byte, r *chronograf.Role) error {
var pb Role
if err := UnmarshalRolePB(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
r.Organization = pb.Organization
r.Name = pb.Name
return nil
}
// UnmarshalRolePB decodes a role from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalRolePB(data []byte, r *Role) error {
return proto.Unmarshal(data, r)
}
// MarshalOrganization encodes a organization to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalOrganization(o *chronograf.Organization) ([]byte, error) {
return MarshalOrganizationPB(&Organization{
ID: o.ID,
Name: o.Name,
DefaultRole: o.DefaultRole,
})
}
// MarshalOrganizationPB encodes a organization to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalOrganizationPB(o *Organization) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(o)
}
// UnmarshalOrganization decodes a organization from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalOrganization(data []byte, o *chronograf.Organization) error {
var pb Organization
if err := UnmarshalOrganizationPB(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
o.ID = pb.ID
o.Name = pb.Name
o.DefaultRole = pb.DefaultRole
return nil
}
// UnmarshalOrganizationPB decodes a organization from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalOrganizationPB(data []byte, o *Organization) error {
return proto.Unmarshal(data, o)
}
// MarshalConfig encodes a config to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalConfig(c *chronograf.Config) ([]byte, error) {
return MarshalConfigPB(&Config{
Auth: &AuthConfig{
SuperAdminNewUsers: c.Auth.SuperAdminNewUsers,
},
})
}
// MarshalConfigPB encodes a config to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalConfigPB(c *Config) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(c)
}
// UnmarshalConfig decodes a config from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalConfig(data []byte, c *chronograf.Config) error {
var pb Config
if err := UnmarshalConfigPB(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
if pb.Auth == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Auth config is nil")
}
c.Auth.SuperAdminNewUsers = pb.Auth.SuperAdminNewUsers
return nil
}
// UnmarshalConfigPB decodes a config from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalConfigPB(data []byte, c *Config) error {
return proto.Unmarshal(data, c)
}
// MarshalOrganizationConfig encodes a config to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalOrganizationConfig(c *chronograf.OrganizationConfig) ([]byte, error) {
columns := make([]*LogViewerColumn, len(c.LogViewer.Columns))
for i, column := range c.LogViewer.Columns {
encodings := make([]*ColumnEncoding, len(column.Encodings))
for j, e := range column.Encodings {
encodings[j] = &ColumnEncoding{
Type: e.Type,
Value: e.Value,
Name: e.Name,
}
}
columns[i] = &LogViewerColumn{
Name: column.Name,
Position: column.Position,
Encodings: encodings,
}
}
return MarshalOrganizationConfigPB(&OrganizationConfig{
OrganizationID: c.OrganizationID,
LogViewer: &LogViewerConfig{
Columns: columns,
},
})
}
// MarshalOrganizationConfigPB encodes a config to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalOrganizationConfigPB(c *OrganizationConfig) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(c)
}
// UnmarshalOrganizationConfig decodes a config from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalOrganizationConfig(data []byte, c *chronograf.OrganizationConfig) error {
var pb OrganizationConfig
if err := UnmarshalOrganizationConfigPB(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
if pb.LogViewer == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("Log Viewer config is nil")
}
c.OrganizationID = pb.OrganizationID
columns := make([]chronograf.LogViewerColumn, len(pb.LogViewer.Columns))
for i, c := range pb.LogViewer.Columns {
columns[i].Name = c.Name
columns[i].Position = c.Position
encodings := make([]chronograf.ColumnEncoding, len(c.Encodings))
for j, e := range c.Encodings {
encodings[j].Type = e.Type
encodings[j].Value = e.Value
encodings[j].Name = e.Name
}
columns[i].Encodings = encodings
}
c.LogViewer.Columns = columns
ensureHostnameColumn(c)
return nil
}
// Ensures the hostname is added since it was missing in 1.6.2
func ensureHostnameColumn(c *chronograf.OrganizationConfig) {
var maxPosition int32
for _, v := range c.LogViewer.Columns {
if v.Name == "hostname" {
return
}
if v.Position > maxPosition {
maxPosition = v.Position
}
}
c.LogViewer.Columns = append(c.LogViewer.Columns, newHostnameColumn(maxPosition+1))
}
func newHostnameColumn(p int32) chronograf.LogViewerColumn {
return chronograf.LogViewerColumn{
Name: "hostname",
Position: p,
Encodings: []chronograf.ColumnEncoding{
{
Type: "visibility",
Value: "visible",
},
},
}
}
// UnmarshalOrganizationConfigPB decodes a config from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalOrganizationConfigPB(data []byte, c *OrganizationConfig) error {
return proto.Unmarshal(data, c)
}
// MarshalMapping encodes a mapping to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalMapping(m *chronograf.Mapping) ([]byte, error) {
return MarshalMappingPB(&Mapping{
Provider: m.Provider,
Scheme: m.Scheme,
ProviderOrganization: m.ProviderOrganization,
ID: m.ID,
Organization: m.Organization,
})
}
// MarshalMappingPB encodes a mapping to binary protobuf format.
func MarshalMappingPB(m *Mapping) ([]byte, error) {
return proto.Marshal(m)
}
// UnmarshalMapping decodes a mapping from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalMapping(data []byte, m *chronograf.Mapping) error {
var pb Mapping
if err := UnmarshalMappingPB(data, &pb); err != nil {
return err
}
m.Provider = pb.Provider
m.Scheme = pb.Scheme
m.ProviderOrganization = pb.ProviderOrganization
m.Organization = pb.Organization
m.ID = pb.ID
return nil
}
// UnmarshalMappingPB decodes a mapping from binary protobuf data.
func UnmarshalMappingPB(data []byte, m *Mapping) error {
return proto.Unmarshal(data, m)
}
``` |
Distigmoptera apicalis is a species of flea beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Alticini
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1943 |
Ladozhsky Bridge () is uppermost bridge across the Neva River. It is located in Leningrad Oblast, near Kirovsk. It is a part of Murmansk Highway (M18 highway). The bridge was built between 1978 and 1983, although one half of the bridge was opened to traffic in 1981 prior to the full opening.
References
Bascule bridges
Road bridges in Russia
Bridges completed in 1981 |
```c++
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include "src/compiler/linkage.h"
#include "src/codegen/assembler-inl.h"
#include "src/codegen/macro-assembler.h"
#include "src/codegen/optimized-compilation-info.h"
#include "src/compiler/frame.h"
#include "src/compiler/osr.h"
#include "src/compiler/pipeline.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
namespace compiler {
namespace {
inline LinkageLocation regloc(Register reg, MachineType type) {
return LinkageLocation::ForRegister(reg.code(), type);
}
} // namespace
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const CallDescriptor::Kind& k) {
switch (k) {
case CallDescriptor::kCallCodeObject:
os << "Code";
break;
case CallDescriptor::kCallJSFunction:
os << "JS";
break;
case CallDescriptor::kCallAddress:
os << "Addr";
break;
case CallDescriptor::kCallWasmCapiFunction:
os << "WasmExit";
break;
case CallDescriptor::kCallWasmFunction:
os << "WasmFunction";
break;
case CallDescriptor::kCallWasmImportWrapper:
os << "WasmImportWrapper";
break;
case CallDescriptor::kCallBuiltinPointer:
os << "BuiltinPointer";
break;
}
return os;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const CallDescriptor& d) {
// TODO(svenpanne) Output properties etc. and be less cryptic.
return os << d.kind() << ":" << d.debug_name() << ":r" << d.ReturnCount()
<< "s" << d.StackParameterCount() << "i" << d.InputCount() << "f"
<< d.FrameStateCount();
}
MachineSignature* CallDescriptor::GetMachineSignature(Zone* zone) const {
size_t param_count = ParameterCount();
size_t return_count = ReturnCount();
MachineType* types = zone->NewArray<MachineType>(param_count + return_count);
int current = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < return_count; ++i) {
types[current++] = GetReturnType(i);
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < param_count; ++i) {
types[current++] = GetParameterType(i);
}
return new (zone) MachineSignature(return_count, param_count, types);
}
int CallDescriptor::GetFirstUnusedStackSlot() const {
int slots_above_sp = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < InputCount(); ++i) {
LinkageLocation operand = GetInputLocation(i);
if (!operand.IsRegister()) {
int new_candidate =
-operand.GetLocation() + operand.GetSizeInPointers() - 1;
if (new_candidate > slots_above_sp) {
slots_above_sp = new_candidate;
}
}
}
return slots_above_sp;
}
int CallDescriptor::GetStackParameterDelta(
CallDescriptor const* tail_caller) const {
int callee_slots_above_sp = GetFirstUnusedStackSlot();
int tail_caller_slots_above_sp = tail_caller->GetFirstUnusedStackSlot();
int stack_param_delta = callee_slots_above_sp - tail_caller_slots_above_sp;
if (ShouldPadArguments(stack_param_delta)) {
if (callee_slots_above_sp % 2 != 0) {
// The delta is odd due to the callee - we will need to add one slot
// of padding.
++stack_param_delta;
} else {
// The delta is odd because of the caller. We already have one slot of
// padding that we can reuse for arguments, so we will need one fewer
// slot.
--stack_param_delta;
}
}
return stack_param_delta;
}
int CallDescriptor::GetTaggedParameterSlots() const {
int result = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < InputCount(); ++i) {
LinkageLocation operand = GetInputLocation(i);
if (!operand.IsRegister() && operand.GetType().IsTagged()) {
++result;
}
}
return result;
}
bool CallDescriptor::CanTailCall(const CallDescriptor* callee) const {
if (ReturnCount() != callee->ReturnCount()) return false;
for (size_t i = 0; i < ReturnCount(); ++i) {
if (!LinkageLocation::IsSameLocation(GetReturnLocation(i),
callee->GetReturnLocation(i)))
return false;
}
return true;
}
// TODO(jkummerow, sigurds): Arguably frame size calculation should be
// keyed on code/frame type, not on CallDescriptor kind. Think about a
// good way to organize this logic.
int CallDescriptor::CalculateFixedFrameSize(Code::Kind code_kind) const {
switch (kind_) {
case kCallJSFunction:
return PushArgumentCount()
? OptimizedBuiltinFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCount
: StandardFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCount;
case kCallAddress:
if (code_kind == Code::C_WASM_ENTRY) {
return CWasmEntryFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCount;
}
return CommonFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCountAboveFp +
CommonFrameConstants::kCPSlotCount;
case kCallCodeObject:
case kCallBuiltinPointer:
return TypedFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCount;
case kCallWasmFunction:
case kCallWasmImportWrapper:
return WasmCompiledFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCount;
case kCallWasmCapiFunction:
return WasmExitFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCount;
}
UNREACHABLE();
}
CallDescriptor* Linkage::ComputeIncoming(Zone* zone,
OptimizedCompilationInfo* info) {
DCHECK(!info->IsNotOptimizedFunctionOrWasmFunction());
if (!info->closure().is_null()) {
// If we are compiling a JS function, use a JS call descriptor,
// plus the receiver.
SharedFunctionInfo shared = info->closure()->shared();
return GetJSCallDescriptor(zone, info->is_osr(),
1 + shared.internal_formal_parameter_count(),
CallDescriptor::kCanUseRoots);
}
return nullptr; // TODO(titzer): ?
}
// static
bool Linkage::NeedsFrameStateInput(Runtime::FunctionId function) {
switch (function) {
// Most runtime functions need a FrameState. A few chosen ones that we know
// not to call into arbitrary JavaScript, not to throw, and not to lazily
// deoptimize are whitelisted here and can be called without a FrameState.
case Runtime::kAbort:
case Runtime::kAllocateInOldGeneration:
case Runtime::kCreateIterResultObject:
case Runtime::kIncBlockCounter:
case Runtime::kIsFunction:
case Runtime::kNewClosure:
case Runtime::kNewClosure_Tenured:
case Runtime::kNewFunctionContext:
case Runtime::kPushBlockContext:
case Runtime::kPushCatchContext:
case Runtime::kReThrow:
case Runtime::kStringEqual:
case Runtime::kStringLessThan:
case Runtime::kStringLessThanOrEqual:
case Runtime::kStringGreaterThan:
case Runtime::kStringGreaterThanOrEqual:
case Runtime::kToFastProperties: // TODO(conradw): Is it safe?
case Runtime::kTraceEnter:
case Runtime::kTraceExit:
return false;
// Some inline intrinsics are also safe to call without a FrameState.
case Runtime::kInlineCreateIterResultObject:
case Runtime::kInlineIncBlockCounter:
case Runtime::kInlineGeneratorClose:
case Runtime::kInlineGeneratorGetResumeMode:
case Runtime::kInlineCreateJSGeneratorObject:
case Runtime::kInlineIsArray:
case Runtime::kInlineIsJSReceiver:
case Runtime::kInlineIsRegExp:
case Runtime::kInlineIsSmi:
return false;
default:
break;
}
// For safety, default to needing a FrameState unless whitelisted.
return true;
}
bool CallDescriptor::UsesOnlyRegisters() const {
for (size_t i = 0; i < InputCount(); ++i) {
if (!GetInputLocation(i).IsRegister()) return false;
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < ReturnCount(); ++i) {
if (!GetReturnLocation(i).IsRegister()) return false;
}
return true;
}
CallDescriptor* Linkage::GetRuntimeCallDescriptor(
Zone* zone, Runtime::FunctionId function_id, int js_parameter_count,
Operator::Properties properties, CallDescriptor::Flags flags) {
const Runtime::Function* function = Runtime::FunctionForId(function_id);
const int return_count = function->result_size;
const char* debug_name = function->name;
if (!Linkage::NeedsFrameStateInput(function_id)) {
flags = static_cast<CallDescriptor::Flags>(
flags & ~CallDescriptor::kNeedsFrameState);
}
return GetCEntryStubCallDescriptor(zone, return_count, js_parameter_count,
debug_name, properties, flags);
}
CallDescriptor* Linkage::GetCEntryStubCallDescriptor(
Zone* zone, int return_count, int js_parameter_count,
const char* debug_name, Operator::Properties properties,
CallDescriptor::Flags flags) {
const size_t function_count = 1;
const size_t num_args_count = 1;
const size_t context_count = 1;
const size_t parameter_count = function_count +
static_cast<size_t>(js_parameter_count) +
num_args_count + context_count;
LocationSignature::Builder locations(zone, static_cast<size_t>(return_count),
static_cast<size_t>(parameter_count));
// Add returns.
if (locations.return_count_ > 0) {
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister0, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
if (locations.return_count_ > 1) {
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister1, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
if (locations.return_count_ > 2) {
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister2, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
// All parameters to the runtime call go on the stack.
for (int i = 0; i < js_parameter_count; i++) {
locations.AddParam(LinkageLocation::ForCallerFrameSlot(
i - js_parameter_count, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
// Add runtime function itself.
locations.AddParam(
regloc(kRuntimeCallFunctionRegister, MachineType::Pointer()));
// Add runtime call argument count.
locations.AddParam(
regloc(kRuntimeCallArgCountRegister, MachineType::Int32()));
// Add context.
locations.AddParam(regloc(kContextRegister, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
// The target for runtime calls is a code object.
MachineType target_type = MachineType::AnyTagged();
LinkageLocation target_loc =
LinkageLocation::ForAnyRegister(MachineType::AnyTagged());
return new (zone) CallDescriptor( // --
CallDescriptor::kCallCodeObject, // kind
target_type, // target MachineType
target_loc, // target location
locations.Build(), // location_sig
js_parameter_count, // stack_parameter_count
properties, // properties
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved fp
flags, // flags
debug_name); // debug name
}
CallDescriptor* Linkage::GetJSCallDescriptor(Zone* zone, bool is_osr,
int js_parameter_count,
CallDescriptor::Flags flags) {
const size_t return_count = 1;
const size_t context_count = 1;
const size_t new_target_count = 1;
const size_t num_args_count = 1;
const size_t parameter_count =
js_parameter_count + new_target_count + num_args_count + context_count;
LocationSignature::Builder locations(zone, return_count, parameter_count);
// All JS calls have exactly one return value.
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister0, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
// All parameters to JS calls go on the stack.
for (int i = 0; i < js_parameter_count; i++) {
int spill_slot_index = i - js_parameter_count;
locations.AddParam(LinkageLocation::ForCallerFrameSlot(
spill_slot_index, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
// Add JavaScript call new target value.
locations.AddParam(
regloc(kJavaScriptCallNewTargetRegister, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
// Add JavaScript call argument count.
locations.AddParam(
regloc(kJavaScriptCallArgCountRegister, MachineType::Int32()));
// Add context.
locations.AddParam(regloc(kContextRegister, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
// The target for JS function calls is the JSFunction object.
MachineType target_type = MachineType::AnyTagged();
// When entering into an OSR function from unoptimized code the JSFunction
// is not in a register, but it is on the stack in the marker spill slot.
LinkageLocation target_loc =
is_osr ? LinkageLocation::ForSavedCallerFunction()
: regloc(kJSFunctionRegister, MachineType::AnyTagged());
return new (zone) CallDescriptor( // --
CallDescriptor::kCallJSFunction, // kind
target_type, // target MachineType
target_loc, // target location
locations.Build(), // location_sig
js_parameter_count, // stack_parameter_count
Operator::kNoProperties, // properties
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved fp
flags, // flags
"js-call");
}
// TODO(turbofan): cache call descriptors for code stub calls.
// TODO(jgruber): Clean up stack parameter count handling. The descriptor
// already knows the formal stack parameter count and ideally only additional
// stack parameters should be passed into this method. All call-sites should
// be audited for correctness (e.g. many used to assume a stack parameter count
// of 0).
CallDescriptor* Linkage::GetStubCallDescriptor(
Zone* zone, const CallInterfaceDescriptor& descriptor,
int stack_parameter_count, CallDescriptor::Flags flags,
Operator::Properties properties, StubCallMode stub_mode) {
const int register_parameter_count = descriptor.GetRegisterParameterCount();
const int js_parameter_count =
register_parameter_count + stack_parameter_count;
const int context_count = descriptor.HasContextParameter() ? 1 : 0;
const size_t parameter_count =
static_cast<size_t>(js_parameter_count + context_count);
DCHECK_GE(stack_parameter_count, descriptor.GetStackParameterCount());
size_t return_count = descriptor.GetReturnCount();
LocationSignature::Builder locations(zone, return_count, parameter_count);
// Add returns.
if (locations.return_count_ > 0) {
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister0, descriptor.GetReturnType(0)));
}
if (locations.return_count_ > 1) {
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister1, descriptor.GetReturnType(1)));
}
if (locations.return_count_ > 2) {
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister2, descriptor.GetReturnType(2)));
}
// Add parameters in registers and on the stack.
for (int i = 0; i < js_parameter_count; i++) {
if (i < register_parameter_count) {
// The first parameters go in registers.
Register reg = descriptor.GetRegisterParameter(i);
MachineType type = descriptor.GetParameterType(i);
locations.AddParam(regloc(reg, type));
} else {
// The rest of the parameters go on the stack.
int stack_slot = i - register_parameter_count - stack_parameter_count;
locations.AddParam(LinkageLocation::ForCallerFrameSlot(
stack_slot, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
}
// Add context.
if (context_count) {
locations.AddParam(regloc(kContextRegister, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
// The target for stub calls depends on the requested mode.
CallDescriptor::Kind kind;
MachineType target_type;
switch (stub_mode) {
case StubCallMode::kCallCodeObject:
kind = CallDescriptor::kCallCodeObject;
target_type = MachineType::AnyTagged();
break;
case StubCallMode::kCallWasmRuntimeStub:
kind = CallDescriptor::kCallWasmFunction;
target_type = MachineType::Pointer();
break;
case StubCallMode::kCallBuiltinPointer:
kind = CallDescriptor::kCallBuiltinPointer;
target_type = MachineType::AnyTagged();
break;
}
LinkageLocation target_loc = LinkageLocation::ForAnyRegister(target_type);
return new (zone) CallDescriptor( // --
kind, // kind
target_type, // target MachineType
target_loc, // target location
locations.Build(), // location_sig
stack_parameter_count, // stack_parameter_count
properties, // properties
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved registers
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved fp
CallDescriptor::kCanUseRoots | flags, // flags
descriptor.DebugName(), // debug name
descriptor.allocatable_registers());
}
// static
CallDescriptor* Linkage::GetBytecodeDispatchCallDescriptor(
Zone* zone, const CallInterfaceDescriptor& descriptor,
int stack_parameter_count) {
const int register_parameter_count = descriptor.GetRegisterParameterCount();
const int parameter_count = register_parameter_count + stack_parameter_count;
DCHECK_EQ(descriptor.GetReturnCount(), 1);
LocationSignature::Builder locations(zone, 1, parameter_count);
locations.AddReturn(regloc(kReturnRegister0, descriptor.GetReturnType(0)));
// Add parameters in registers and on the stack.
for (int i = 0; i < parameter_count; i++) {
if (i < register_parameter_count) {
// The first parameters go in registers.
Register reg = descriptor.GetRegisterParameter(i);
MachineType type = descriptor.GetParameterType(i);
locations.AddParam(regloc(reg, type));
} else {
// The rest of the parameters go on the stack.
int stack_slot = i - register_parameter_count - stack_parameter_count;
locations.AddParam(LinkageLocation::ForCallerFrameSlot(
stack_slot, MachineType::AnyTagged()));
}
}
// The target for interpreter dispatches is a code entry address.
MachineType target_type = MachineType::Pointer();
LinkageLocation target_loc = LinkageLocation::ForAnyRegister(target_type);
const CallDescriptor::Flags kFlags =
CallDescriptor::kCanUseRoots | CallDescriptor::kFixedTargetRegister;
return new (zone) CallDescriptor( // --
CallDescriptor::kCallAddress, // kind
target_type, // target MachineType
target_loc, // target location
locations.Build(), // location_sig
stack_parameter_count, // stack_parameter_count
Operator::kNoProperties, // properties
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved registers
kNoCalleeSaved, // callee-saved fp
kFlags, // flags
descriptor.DebugName());
}
LinkageLocation Linkage::GetOsrValueLocation(int index) const {
CHECK(incoming_->IsJSFunctionCall());
int parameter_count = static_cast<int>(incoming_->JSParameterCount() - 1);
int first_stack_slot = OsrHelper::FirstStackSlotIndex(parameter_count);
if (index == kOsrContextSpillSlotIndex) {
// Context. Use the parameter location of the context spill slot.
// Parameter (arity + 2) is special for the context of the function frame.
// >> context_index = target + receiver + params + new_target + #args
int context_index = 1 + 1 + parameter_count + 1 + 1;
return incoming_->GetInputLocation(context_index);
} else if (index >= first_stack_slot) {
// Local variable stored in this (callee) stack.
int spill_index =
index - first_stack_slot + StandardFrameConstants::kFixedSlotCount;
return LinkageLocation::ForCalleeFrameSlot(spill_index,
MachineType::AnyTagged());
} else {
// Parameter. Use the assigned location from the incoming call descriptor.
int parameter_index = 1 + index; // skip index 0, which is the target.
return incoming_->GetInputLocation(parameter_index);
}
}
namespace {
inline bool IsTaggedReg(const LinkageLocation& loc, Register reg) {
return loc.IsRegister() && loc.AsRegister() == reg.code() &&
loc.GetType().representation() ==
MachineRepresentation::kTaggedPointer;
}
} // namespace
bool Linkage::ParameterHasSecondaryLocation(int index) const {
// TODO(titzer): this should be configurable, not call-type specific.
if (incoming_->IsJSFunctionCall()) {
LinkageLocation loc = GetParameterLocation(index);
return IsTaggedReg(loc, kJSFunctionRegister) ||
IsTaggedReg(loc, kContextRegister);
}
if (incoming_->IsWasmFunctionCall()) {
LinkageLocation loc = GetParameterLocation(index);
return IsTaggedReg(loc, kWasmInstanceRegister);
}
return false;
}
LinkageLocation Linkage::GetParameterSecondaryLocation(int index) const {
// TODO(titzer): these constants are necessary due to offset/slot# mismatch
static const int kJSContextSlot = 2 + StandardFrameConstants::kCPSlotCount;
static const int kJSFunctionSlot = 3 + StandardFrameConstants::kCPSlotCount;
static const int kWasmInstanceSlot = 3 + StandardFrameConstants::kCPSlotCount;
DCHECK(ParameterHasSecondaryLocation(index));
LinkageLocation loc = GetParameterLocation(index);
// TODO(titzer): this should be configurable, not call-type specific.
if (incoming_->IsJSFunctionCall()) {
if (IsTaggedReg(loc, kJSFunctionRegister)) {
return LinkageLocation::ForCalleeFrameSlot(kJSFunctionSlot,
MachineType::AnyTagged());
} else {
DCHECK(IsTaggedReg(loc, kContextRegister));
return LinkageLocation::ForCalleeFrameSlot(kJSContextSlot,
MachineType::AnyTagged());
}
}
if (incoming_->IsWasmFunctionCall()) {
DCHECK(IsTaggedReg(loc, kWasmInstanceRegister));
return LinkageLocation::ForCalleeFrameSlot(kWasmInstanceSlot,
MachineType::AnyTagged());
}
UNREACHABLE();
return LinkageLocation::ForCalleeFrameSlot(0, MachineType::AnyTagged());
}
} // namespace compiler
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
``` |
The Choir Invisible is a novel by James Lane Allen published in 1897. A bestseller, it was the second-best selling book in the United States for 1897.
A poignant love story, it is set in Kentucky in 1795 and begins with a portion of the poem "Choir Invisible" by George Eliot. Though criticized for lacking depth, being full of digressions, and "artistically disappointing", it was his most popular novel. An 1897 review in The Atlantic Monthly faulted the book for its "meagre" structure, yet praised its tone and style. The book is often regarded as Allen's best work.
The novel was developed from a novelette Allen published in 1893 titled "John Gray: A Kentucky Tale of the Olden Time".
References
External links
The Choir Invisible (full scan, via Google books)
Review from 1897 finding beauty in the book but faulting it for lack of balance
1897 American novels
Novels set in Kentucky |
Kozarac (, ) is a town in north-western Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, located near the city of Prijedor. It is located west of Banja Luka. Kozarac is also famous because of the Kozara National Park.
Kozarac has two public swimming pools, 14 mosques, two churchеs and a shopping mall. Every summer in Kozarac, famous musicians from across the whole of former Yugoslavia perform in the town.
History
During the time of Yugoslavia, Kozarac had a population of 4,045. During the Bosnian War, the ethnic cleansing of Kozarac began on May 24, 1992. For three days, Kozarac was bombarded with shells and mortars. After a few hours of bombardment, Serb forces used loudspeakers to demand the surrender of the mainly Muslim population of Kozarac, promising them safety if they complied. However, when the civilian population complied, the shelling resumed, killing many of those who surrendered. The survivors fled back to their basements or into the hills. After 37 hours of bombardment, Serb forces once again demanded the surrender of the population, who complied once again.
With the help of a local Serb, the invading Serb forces identified the town's important Muslims, including the mayor, police chief, doctors, lawyers, judges, businessmen, and even athletes, and killed them either by shooting them or slitting their throats in a nearby house, effectively committing eliticide of the town. Between 2,500 to 3,000 mostly Bosniak civilians were killed by Serb forces in only 72 hours.
Demographics
Notable people
Duško Tadić, war criminal
Eldin Jakupović, footballer
Nedžad Mulabegović, athlete
Vehid Gunić, journalist
Fikret Hodžić, professional body builder
Sakib Mahmuljin, war criminal
References in popular culture
In the BBC drama series New Tricks episode 84 "Things Can Only Get Better", Hana Keranović, a suspect in the case, comes from Kozarac.
References
External links
Official Kozarac Community Council Website (Bosnian)
Official web site of Kozarac (Bosnian)
Populated places in Prijedor |
Mordellistena sericans is a species of beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described by Fall in 1907.
References
External links
Coleoptera. BugGuide.
Beetles described in 1907
sericans |
Eusebio Ayala is a city and district of the Cordillera Department, Paraguay. It is named after Eusebio Ayala, a former President of Paraguay. It is located approximately 72 km of the city of Asuncion, capital of the Republic of Paraguay.
This city lies on the right bank of the stream Piribebuy, being axis road from where routes depart inside and outside the department. It was formerly called "Barrero Grande" and is still commonly known by this name, and it is well known for being the birthplace of the famous Chipa Barrero and for being located next to the fields of Acosta Ñú, where children were slain in a battle during the Paraguayan War (1864 to 1870).
Surface
This district has a length of 338 km, with a population of approximately 20,843 inhabitants., Of which nearly 40% of the people living in urban areas, its population's density is 67.22 persons per square kilometers.
Municipality
Eusebio Ayala was founded by Governor Carlos Morphi in the year 1770 under the name Barrero Grande. Previously, it was called the San Roque and Barrero Grande. Its current mayor is Mr. Nestor Fabian Delgadillo Diaz, of the NRA, for the period 2006 to 2010.
History
The Battle of Acosta Ñu, the final major battle in the Paraguayan War. was fought here on August 16, 1869. The Paraguayan army, composed of, by this time in the war, 6000 mostly elderly, children, adolescents, women and invalids, faced 20 000 Brazilians and Argentinians. The battle began with an infantry assault on Paraguayan positions which lasted for eight hours until the Paraguayans retreated to a fortified redoubt. The redoubt was destroyed by Brazilian artillery fire, and the defenders formed a defensive square around the eight cannon stationed there. However, the square was soon destroyed by a huge Brazilian cavalry charge, but the battered Paraguayan survivours managed to scatter them afterwards. The Brazilian commander, Gaston d'Orléans, ordered a final bayonet charge, which broke the remaining Paraguayan lines. General Caballero, the Paraguayan commander, finally ordered a withdrawal and left the field with his remaining 3000 troops. According to Brazilian historian Chiavenatto, when Eu noticed movements within the forest behind the plain of Acosta, he believed that they were Paraguayans preparing a counter-attack, and so ordered his engineers to burn the forest. The movement was in fact Paraguayan camp followers attempting to recover the injured from the field.
The number of children and teenagers fighting on the Paraguayan side killed in the battle today marks Children's Day in Paraguay.
Economy
The District of Eusebio Ayala's main wealth is agriculture and the production of Chipa, which is famous for its flavor throughout the country. The inhabitants are engaged in livestock and breeding livestock beef pigs horse and sheep. In relation to agriculture, it is growing maize cotton cassava, sugarcane, snuff bean, mate, coffee, Citrus and grapes.
The industry in Eusebio Ayala focuses on the production of traditional and delicious Cheese bun Barrero which may by accompanied with a cup of hot cooked mate tea. In this area there is a place called "The house of peanut" owned by a family of farmers, where various products made from peanuts such as cakes, sweets and ice cream can be bought.
The famous "Chipa Barrero"
Ramon Ayala, a former resident of the district Eusebio Ayala, was the originator of a company that turned this town famous throughout the country and also known outside the country. Rescuing the family tradition in the development of the chipà (prepared as bread maize and starch cassava, Mr. Ramon Ayala began marketing the product in the years 1970, at the beginning with a small truck, and with a high speaker, traveled to provide food until the country's capital.
There are currently more than half a hundred micro producers in the city, several stalls appreciated this product, are located on the side of the route No. 2 Mariscall José Félix Estigarribia.
Population
The population growth rate has not undergone major changes in recent years,
Its current total population is 20,843 inhabitants, which is overwhelmingly rural and with a slight predominance of men.
As for the projection of the population held, include the following details:
By 2009, it is estimated a total population of 23,003 inhabitants comprising 12,201 males and 10,802 females.
Geography
The district Eusebio Ayala, is located towards the South Centre Department of Cordillera.
Limits
Eusebio Ayala, whose boundaries:
To the north Tobatí District and Isla Pucú district.
To the south Piribebuy District and Itacurubí de la Cordillera.
To the east Isla Pucú and Sta. Helena.
To the west Tobatí District and Caacupé District (the spiritual capital of Paraguay) and the district of Piribebuy.
Communications
The district of Eusebio Ayala is accessed by the international route No. 2 Mariscal José Félix Estigarribia which is the most important route, also accessed through the route No. 1 by the Department of Paraguarí.
Its roads are accessible at all times, all roads are paved, all stuffed and embankments, and stoned roads. As for roads, the villagers of their companies enjoy good stretches for vehicular traffic.
It offers digital telephone services, radio and TV channels relay.
Climate
Predominates a dry climate and temperate, with an average temperature of 22 °C, a minimum of 3 °C and a maximum of 40 °C. The amount of rainfall in the year reaches of 1.536 mm, giving an average of 153 mm per month. The months of June and August are the months of lowest rainfall.
Demographics
Making a connection with the district's total population it can be seen that 56.05% of the population is settled in rural areas.
Key indicators socio - demographic:
Percentage of the population under 15 years in relation to the total, 35.0%.
The average number of children per woman, 2.7 children.
The percentage of illiterates in the district, 5.9%.
The proportion of the employed population in the primary sector, 30.7%.
The percentage of the population employed in the secondary sector, 19.4%.
The proportion of the employed population in the tertiary sector, 48.7%.
The proportion of the employed population work in agriculture, 30.5%.
The percentage of households with electricity, 90.4%.
The percentage of homes with running water, 56.5%.
Notable people
Ángel Amarilla, footballer
How to get there?
Proceeding from the city of Asuncion, taking the international route No. 2 Mariscal José Félix Estigarribia, to the departmental capital, Caacupé and continuing along the same route paved until reaching the city of Eusebio Ayala, approximately 72 kilometers from the city of Asuncion.
References
Publications of the weekly "Times of the world."
Geography of Paraguay.
Che reta Paraguay.
Data from the DGEEC.
American Genocide. The war of Paraguay. Juan Jose Chiavenato. Carlos Schaum Editor, Asuncion, 1984.
External links
National Secretariat of Tourism. Paraguay
Districts of Cordillera Department |
Flight 191 is an airline flight number that has had multiple accidents and incidents. It may refer to:
Aeroflot Flight 191 (1963), crashed on final approach to Ashgabat International Airport, killing 12 people
X-15 Flight 191 (1967), or X-15 Flight 3-65-97, experimental test plane, broke apart in flight, killing its test pilot
Prinair Flight 191 (1972), crashed at Mercedita Airport in Ponce, Puerto Rico, killing five people
American Airlines Flight 191 (1979), crashed shortly after takeoff from Chicago O'Hare Airport, killing 273
Delta Air Lines Flight 191 (1985), crashed while on final approach to Dallas-Fort Worth, killing 137
Comair Flight 191 (2006), crashed on take-off from the wrong runway at Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49; in all ATC communications the call sign was "Comair 191"
JetBlue Flight 191 (2012), a flight from New York John F. Kennedy airport to Las Vegas, Nevada; diverted to Amarillo, Texas due to erratic pilot behavior
See also
Flight 901 (disambiguation)
Flight 1 / 001 (disambiguation)
Flight 101 (disambiguation)
0191 |
Luc Holtz (born 14 June 1969) is a Luxembourgish former international football player. He was the manager of the Luxembourg national under-21 football team. He is currently the manager of the Luxembourg national football team, succeeding Guy Hellers.
Club career
A central midfield playmaker, Holtz started his career at Red Boys Differdange before joining Avenir Beggen for the 1992/1993 season. With Avenir Beggen he immediately won two successive league and cup doubles and he himself claimed the 1993 Luxembourgian Footballer of the Year award.
In 1999, he left them to become player/manager at Etzella Ettelbruck. With Etzella, he immediately won promotion to the Luxembourg National Division in his first season in charge. Also, he brought them their first major silverware by winning the cup in 2001. After relegation in 2002, they got promoted again at the first attempt. In 2003 and 2004 they lost two successive cup finals.
Holtz retired as a player at the end of the 2007/2008 season.
International career
Holtz made his debut for Luxembourg in an October 1991 friendly match against Portugal, which surprisingly ended in a 1–1 draw. He went on to earn 55 caps, scoring one goal. He played in 15 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.
He played his final international game in October 2002, a 0–7 loss against Romania.
Personal life
Holtz's son, Kevin, is also a Luxembourg international footballer, making his debut under Luc.
International goals
Scores and results list Luxembourg's goal tally first.
Honours
Luxembourg National Division: 2
1993, 1994
Luxembourg Cup: 3
1993, 1994, 2001
Luxembourgian Footballer of the Year: 1
1993
Managerial statistics
External links
References
1969 births
Living people
Luxembourgian men's footballers
Luxembourg men's international footballers
FC Differdange 03 players
FC Avenir Beggen players
FC Etzella Ettelbruck players
Luxembourgian football managers
Luxembourg national football team managers
Men's association football midfielders
People from Ettelbruck
FC Etzella Ettelbruck managers |
Anna Roemers Visscher (c. 2 February 1583 – 6 December 1651) was a Dutch artist, poet, and translator.
Biography
Anna Roemers Visscher was the eldest daughter of Amsterdam merchant and poet Roemer Visscher and the sister of Maria Tesselschade Visscher. Her family's economic and social status in Amsterdam enabled Visscher to be schooled in languages, calligraphy, embroidery, drawing, painting, glass engraving and other arts.
Visscher married Dominicus Booth van Wesel in 1624. In 1646, they moved with their two sons Roemer and Johan to Leiden.
Visscher lived during the Renaissance when women poets were often praised for who they were more than for their literary work. She was amongst the group of artists, writers and musicians who formed the Muiderkring or Muiden Circle. She was highly admired by the artistic elite such as P. C. Hooft, Jacob Cats, Joost van den Vondel, Constantijn Huygens and others. They called her a muse, the second Sappho, a fourth grace and more, and often dedicated works to her. Jacob Cats, for example, dedicated Maagdeplicht (The Duties of a Maiden) to Visscher. The Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens dedicated an engraving of his Susanna and the Elders, executed by Michel Lasne (ca. 1617–18) under Rubens's supervision, to Anna Visscher; the inscription praises her virtue. A second engraving, executed by Lucas Vorsterman (1620) after another of Rubens's Susanna and the Elders, carries the same dedication from Rubens to Visscher.
Visscher is particularly regarded for her diamond-point glass engraving. Additionally, she had an apparent interest in emblem books, as she translated into Dutch thirteen epigrams from Georgette de Montenay's Emblèmes, ou devises chrestiennes of 1584 Manuscripts Catalogue. She also contributed poetry to the 1618 emblem book, Silenus Alcibiadis, Sive Proteus K. ter Laan, Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid · dbnl by Jacob Cats. She was a contemporary and friend of Anna Maria van Schurman.
Visscher died in Alkmaar, at the home of her sister Maria.
References
Further reading
Lennep, J, Herman F. C. Kate, and W P. Hoevenaar. Galerij Van Beroemde Nederlanders Uit Het Tijdvak Van Frederik Hendrik. Utrecht: L.E. Bosch en Zoon, 1868.
External links
1583 births
1651 deaths
16th-century Dutch people
16th-century Dutch women
16th-century Dutch artists
17th-century Dutch poets
17th-century Dutch women writers
Dutch women poets
Muiderkring
Translators from French
Writers from Amsterdam
Dutch women artists
Glass engravers
Women engravers
17th-century engravers
17th-century Dutch women artists
17th-century translators
Dutch glass artists |
```objective-c
/**
* @file
* @brief Reset Controller Devicetree macro public API header file.
*/
/*
*
*/
#ifndef ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_DEVICETREE_RESET_H_
#define ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_DEVICETREE_RESET_H_
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/**
* @defgroup devicetree-reset-controller Devicetree Reset Controller API
* @ingroup devicetree
* @{
*/
/**
* @brief Get the node identifier for the controller phandle from a
* "resets" phandle-array property at an index
*
* Example devicetree fragment:
*
* reset1: reset-controller@... { ... };
*
* reset2: reset-controller@... { ... };
*
* n: node {
* resets = <&reset1 10>, <&reset2 20>;
* };
*
* Example usage:
*
* DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(DT_NODELABEL(n), 0)) // DT_NODELABEL(reset1)
* DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(DT_NODELABEL(n), 1)) // DT_NODELABEL(reset2)
*
* @param node_id node identifier
* @param idx logical index into "resets"
* @return the node identifier for the reset controller referenced at
* index "idx"
* @see DT_PHANDLE_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(node_id, idx) \
DT_PHANDLE_BY_IDX(node_id, resets, idx)
/**
* @brief Equivalent to DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(node_id, 0)
* @param node_id node identifier
* @return a node identifier for the reset controller at index 0
* in "resets"
* @see DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_RESET_CTLR(node_id) \
DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(node_id, 0)
/**
* @brief Get the node identifier for the controller phandle from a
* resets phandle-array property by name
*
* Example devicetree fragment:
*
* reset1: reset-controller@... { ... };
*
* reset2: reset-controller@... { ... };
*
* n: node {
* resets = <&reset1 10>, <&reset2 20>;
* reset-names = "alpha", "beta";
* };
*
* Example usage:
*
* DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_NAME(DT_NODELABEL(n), alpha) // DT_NODELABEL(reset1)
* DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_NAME(DT_NODELABEL(n), beta) // DT_NODELABEL(reset2)
*
* @param node_id node identifier
* @param name lowercase-and-underscores name of a resets element
* as defined by the node's reset-names property
* @return the node identifier for the reset controller referenced by name
* @see DT_PHANDLE_BY_NAME()
*/
#define DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_NAME(node_id, name) \
DT_PHANDLE_BY_NAME(node_id, resets, name)
/**
* @brief Get a reset specifier's cell value at an index
*
* Example devicetree fragment:
*
* reset: reset-controller@... {
* compatible = "vnd,reset";
* #reset-cells = <1>;
* };
*
* n: node {
* resets = <&reset 10>;
* };
*
* Bindings fragment for the vnd,reset compatible:
*
* reset-cells:
* - id
*
* Example usage:
*
* DT_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(DT_NODELABEL(n), 0, id) // 10
*
* @param node_id node identifier for a node with a resets property
* @param idx logical index into resets property
* @param cell lowercase-and-underscores cell name
* @return the cell value at index "idx"
* @see DT_PHA_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(node_id, idx, cell) \
DT_PHA_BY_IDX(node_id, resets, idx, cell)
/**
* @brief Get a reset specifier's cell value by name
*
* Example devicetree fragment:
*
* reset: reset-controller@... {
* compatible = "vnd,reset";
* #reset-cells = <1>;
* };
*
* n: node {
* resets = <&reset 10>;
* reset-names = "alpha";
* };
*
* Bindings fragment for the vnd,reset compatible:
*
* reset-cells:
* - id
*
* Example usage:
*
* DT_RESET_CELL_BY_NAME(DT_NODELABEL(n), alpha, id) // 10
*
* @param node_id node identifier for a node with a resets property
* @param name lowercase-and-underscores name of a resets element
* as defined by the node's reset-names property
* @param cell lowercase-and-underscores cell name
* @return the cell value in the specifier at the named element
* @see DT_PHA_BY_NAME()
*/
#define DT_RESET_CELL_BY_NAME(node_id, name, cell) \
DT_PHA_BY_NAME(node_id, resets, name, cell)
/**
* @brief Equivalent to DT_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(node_id, 0, cell)
* @param node_id node identifier for a node with a resets property
* @param cell lowercase-and-underscores cell name
* @return the cell value at index 0
* @see DT_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_RESET_CELL(node_id, cell) \
DT_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(node_id, 0, cell)
/**
* @brief Get the node identifier for the controller phandle from a
* "resets" phandle-array property at an index
*
* @param inst instance number
* @param idx logical index into "resets"
* @return the node identifier for the reset controller referenced at
* index "idx"
* @see DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(inst, idx) \
DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(DT_DRV_INST(inst), idx)
/**
* @brief Equivalent to DT_INST_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(inst, 0)
* @param inst instance number
* @return a node identifier for the reset controller at index 0
* in "resets"
* @see DT_RESET_CTLR()
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_CTLR(inst) \
DT_INST_RESET_CTLR_BY_IDX(inst, 0)
/**
* @brief Get the node identifier for the controller phandle from a
* resets phandle-array property by name
*
* @param inst instance number
* @param name lowercase-and-underscores name of a resets element
* as defined by the node's reset-names property
* @return the node identifier for the reset controller referenced by
* the named element
* @see DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_NAME()
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_CTLR_BY_NAME(inst, name) \
DT_RESET_CTLR_BY_NAME(DT_DRV_INST(inst), name)
/**
* @brief Get a DT_DRV_COMPAT instance's reset specifier's cell value
* at an index
* @param inst DT_DRV_COMPAT instance number
* @param idx logical index into resets property
* @param cell lowercase-and-underscores cell name
* @return the cell value at index "idx"
* @see DT_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(inst, idx, cell) \
DT_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(DT_DRV_INST(inst), idx, cell)
/**
* @brief Get a DT_DRV_COMPAT instance's reset specifier's cell value by name
* @param inst DT_DRV_COMPAT instance number
* @param name lowercase-and-underscores name of a resets element
* as defined by the node's reset-names property
* @param cell lowercase-and-underscores cell name
* @return the cell value in the specifier at the named element
* @see DT_RESET_CELL_BY_NAME()
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_CELL_BY_NAME(inst, name, cell) \
DT_RESET_CELL_BY_NAME(DT_DRV_INST(inst), name, cell)
/**
* @brief Equivalent to DT_INST_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(inst, 0, cell)
* @param inst DT_DRV_COMPAT instance number
* @param cell lowercase-and-underscores cell name
* @return the value of the cell inside the specifier at index 0
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_CELL(inst, cell) \
DT_INST_RESET_CELL_BY_IDX(inst, 0, cell)
/**
* @brief Get a Reset Controller specifier's id cell at an index
*
* This macro only works for Reset Controller specifiers with cells named "id".
* Refer to the node's binding to check if necessary.
*
* Example devicetree fragment:
*
* reset: reset-controller@... {
* compatible = "vnd,reset";
* #reset-cells = <1>;
* };
*
* n: node {
* resets = <&reset 10>;
* };
*
* Bindings fragment for the vnd,reset compatible:
*
* reset-cells:
* - id
*
* Example usage:
*
* DT_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(DT_NODELABEL(n), 0) // 10
*
* @param node_id node identifier
* @param idx logical index into "resets"
* @return the id cell value at index "idx"
* @see DT_PHA_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(node_id, idx) \
DT_PHA_BY_IDX(node_id, resets, idx, id)
/**
* @brief Equivalent to DT_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(node_id, 0)
* @param node_id node identifier
* @return the id cell value at index 0
* @see DT_RESET_ID_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_RESET_ID(node_id) \
DT_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(node_id, 0)
/**
* @brief Get a DT_DRV_COMPAT instance's Reset Controller specifier's id cell value
* at an index
* @param inst DT_DRV_COMPAT instance number
* @param idx logical index into "resets"
* @return the id cell value at index "idx"
* @see DT_RESET_ID_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(inst, idx) \
DT_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(DT_DRV_INST(inst), idx)
/**
* @brief Equivalent to DT_INST_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(inst, 0)
* @param inst DT_DRV_COMPAT instance number
* @return the id cell value at index 0
* @see DT_INST_RESET_ID_BY_IDX()
*/
#define DT_INST_RESET_ID(inst) \
DT_INST_RESET_ID_BY_IDX(inst, 0)
/**
* @}
*/
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* ZEPHYR_INCLUDE_DEVICETREE_RESET_H_ */
``` |
Zghira is a small town and rural commune in Ouezzane Province of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 16,070 people living in 2867 households.
References
Populated places in Ouezzane Province
Rural communes of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima |
```smalltalk
Extension { #name : 'Point' }
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> angle [
"Answer the angle in radians between the vectors represented by the receiver and (1, 0) from the origin."
^ self y arcTan: self x
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> angleWith: aPoint [
"Answer the angle in radians between the vectors represented by the receiver and aPoint from the origin."
| ar ap |
ar := self angle.
ap := aPoint angle.
^ ap >= ar
ifTrue: [ ap - ar ]
ifFalse: [ Float pi * 2 - ar + ap ]
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> bearingToPoint: anotherPoint [
"Return the bearing, in degrees, from the receiver to anotherPoint."
| deltaX deltaY |
deltaX := anotherPoint x - x.
deltaY := anotherPoint y - y.
deltaX abs < 0.001
ifTrue: [ ^ deltaY > 0 ifTrue: [ 180 ] ifFalse: [ 0 ]].
^ ((deltaX >= 0 ifTrue: [90] ifFalse: [270])
- ((deltaY / deltaX) arcTan negated radiansToDegrees)) rounded
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> degrees [
"Answer the angle the receiver makes with origin in degrees. right is 0; down is 90."
| tan theta |
^ x = 0
ifTrue:
[ y >= 0
ifTrue: [ 90.0 ]
ifFalse: [ 270.0 ] ]
ifFalse:
[ tan := y asFloat / x asFloat.
theta := tan arcTan.
x >= 0
ifTrue:
[ y >= 0
ifTrue: [ theta radiansToDegrees ]
ifFalse: [ 360.0 + theta radiansToDegrees ] ]
ifFalse: [ 180.0 + theta radiansToDegrees ] ]
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> distanceTo: aPoint [
"Answer the distance between aPoint and the receiver."
| dx dy |
dx := aPoint x - x.
dy := aPoint y - y.
^ (dx * dx + (dy * dy)) sqrt
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> normal [
"Answer a Point representing the unit vector rotated 90 deg clockwise. For the zero point return -1@0."
| n d |
n := y negated @ x.
(d := (n x * n x + (n y * n y))) = 0
ifTrue: [ ^ -1 @0 ].
^ n / d sqrt
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> normalized [
"Optimized for speed"
| r |
r := (x * x + (y * y)) sqrt.
^ (x / r) @ (y / r)
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> onLineFrom: p1 to: p2 [
^ self onLineFrom: p1 to: p2 within: 2
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> onLineFrom: p1 to: p2 within: epsilon [
"Answer true if the receiver lies on the given line segment between p1 and p2 within a small epsilon."
"is this point within the box spanning p1 and p2 expanded by epsilon? (optimized)"
p1 x < p2 x
ifTrue: [
((x < (p1 x - epsilon)) or: [x > (p2 x + epsilon)]) ifTrue: [^ false]]
ifFalse: [
((x < (p2 x - epsilon)) or: [x > (p1 x + epsilon)]) ifTrue: [^ false]].
p1 y < p2 y
ifTrue: [
((y < (p1 y - epsilon)) or: [y > (p2 y + epsilon)]) ifTrue: [^ false]]
ifFalse: [
((y < (p2 y - epsilon)) or: [y > (p1 y + epsilon)]) ifTrue: [^ false]].
"it's in the box; is it on the line?"
^ (self distanceTo: (self nearestPointAlongLineFrom: p1 to: p2)) <= epsilon
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> r [
"Answer the receiver's radius in polar coordinate system."
^ (self dotProduct: self) sqrt
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point class >> r: rho degrees: degrees [
"Answer an instance of me with polar coordinates rho and theta."
^ self basicNew setR: rho degrees: degrees
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> rotateBy: angle about: center [
"This method returns the point obtained after rotating myself (counter clockwise)
around the #center point of an #angle given as parameter. The #angle provided as
parameter is interpreted as being in radian."
| p r theta |
p := self - center.
r := p r.
theta := angle asFloat - p theta.
^ (center x asFloat + (r * theta cos)) @ (center y asFloat - (r * theta sin))
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> rotateBy: direction centerAt: c [
"Answer a Point which is rotated according to direction, about the point c.
Direction must be one of #right (CW), #left (CCW) or #pi (180 degrees)."
| offset |
offset := self - c.
direction == #right ifTrue: [ ^ offset y negated @ offset x + c ].
direction == #left ifTrue: [ ^ offset y @ offset x negated + c ].
direction == #pi ifTrue: [ ^ c - offset ].
self error: 'unrecognizable direction'
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> setR: rho degrees: degrees [
| radians |
radians := degrees asFloat degreesToRadians.
x := rho asFloat * radians cos.
y := rho asFloat * radians sin
]
{ #category : '*Math-Operations-Extensions' }
Point >> theta [
"Answer the angle the receiver makes with origin in radians. right is 0;
down is 90."
| tan theta |
^ x = 0
ifTrue: [y >= 0
ifTrue: [ 1.570796326794897 "90.0 degreesToRadians" ]
ifFalse: [ 4.71238898038469 "270.0 degreesToRadians" ] ]
ifFalse:
[tan := y asFloat / x asFloat.
theta := tan arcTan.
x >= 0
ifTrue: [y >= 0
ifTrue: [ theta ]
ifFalse: [ "360.0 degreesToRadians" 6.283185307179586 + theta ]]
ifFalse: [ "180.0 degreesToRadians" 3.141592653589793 + theta ] ]
]
``` |
Manitoba Provincial Road 207 (PR 207) is a provincial road in Manitoba, Canada. Much of PR 207 follows the historic Old Dawson Trail.
Route description
PR 207 begins at PR 213 (Garven Road), northeast of Winnipeg and heads south, intersecting PTH 15 and then the Trans-Canada Highway (PTH 1) at a junction known as Deacon's Corner. Five kilometres south of the Trans-Canada Highway, the road turns east and follows the old Dawson Road route to the communities of Lorette, Dufresne, and Ste. Anne. Approximately seven kilometres west of Richer, PR 207 turns north and ends at the Trans-Canada Highway.
PR 207 is a paved, two-lane road, except between Dufresne and Ste. Anne, where it is a gravel road. The road has a speed limit of 90 km/h.
The Dawson Road segment of PR 207 between Lorette and Ste. Anne was the original course for PTH 12. A more direct route for PTH 12 was later built to the north; this route is now PTH 1.
See also
Old Dawson Trail
External links
Official Manitoba Highway Map
207 |
Narezne Glacier (, ) is the 7 km long and 2.2 km wide glacier on Loubet Coast in Graham Land, Antarctica situated on the west side of Avery Plateau south of Field Glacier, northwest of the head of Finsterwalder Glacier and north of Haefeli Glacier. It flows northwestwards and joins Field Glacier west of Barziya Peak.
The glacier is named after the cave of Narezne in Northwestern Bulgaria.
Location
Narezne Glacier is centred at . British mapping in 1978.
Maps
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
British Antarctic Territory. Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Series, Sheet W 67 66. Directorate of Overseas Surveys, Tolworth, UK, 1978.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Narezne Glacier. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
External links
Narezne Glacier. Copernix satellite image
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
Glaciers of Loubet Coast |
The Tripartitum or Opus Tripartitum (in full, , "Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts") is a manual of Hungarian customary law completed in 1514 by István Werbőczy and first published at Vienna in 1517. Although it never received official approval, it was highly influential and went through fifty editions in three hundred years. The Tripartitum did not include the so-called written law (parliamentary laws, royal decrees and statutes of the assemblies of the counties and the statutes of the free royal cities), which were always recorded in the law books after the decisions.
Werbőczy was a petty nobleman and the Tripatitum "enshrines the ideals of a typical contemporary member of his class". It asserts the privileges of the nobility against the crown, the equality of all nobles as against the claims of superiority of the upper nobility (magnates) and the onerous duties of serfs. A peasant revolt led by György Dózsa had been suppressed earlier in 1514, which influenced Werbőczy harsh treatment of serfs. The Tripartitum played a large role in perpetuating Hungary's feudal system.
References
External links
Some important chapters from the Tripartitum in original Latin and translated English
Tripartitum on Google Books
Legal history of Hungary
16th century in Hungary
16th century in Croatia
1514 in Europe
1517 in Europe
16th century in law |
Eremophila pilosa is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a small shrub with many tangled branches, with its leaves and branches densely covered with hairs and which has mauve or purple flowers. It occurs in a restricted area in the Pilbara.
Description
Eremophila pilosa is a dense shrub which grows to a height of between . Its branches and leaves are covered with layers of fine, grey, branched glandular hairs and longer stiff hairs up to long. The branches also have prominent raised leaf bases. The leaves are arranged alternately and clustered near the ends of the branches, mostly long, wide, egg-shaped to lance-shaped with the lower end towards the base.
The flowers are borne singly, sometimes in pairs in leaf axils on hairy stalks long. There are 5 green, lance-shaped, hairy sepals which are long but which enlarge after flowering to . The petals are long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is deep lilac to pale purple on the outside and white with purple spots or streaks inside. The outer surface is hairy but the inner surface of the petal lobes is glabrous and the inside of the tube is filled with woolly hairs. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering occurs from June to July and is followed by fruits which are oval-shaped with a pointed end and about long with a papery covering.
Taxonomy and naming
This species was first formally described by Robert Chinnock in 2007 and the description was published in Eremophila and Allied Genera: A Monograph of the Plant Family Myoporaceae. The specific epithet (pilosa) is derived from the Latin word meaning "hairy".
Distribution and habitat
Eremophila pilosa grows in red-brown clay loam on sandy plains between Jigalong and Roy Hill in the Pilbara biogeographic region.
Conservation
Eremophila pilosa is classified as "Priority One" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.
References
Eudicots of Western Australia
pilosa
Endemic flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 2007
Taxa named by Robert Chinnock |
Francis Ryan Smith, was an Australian flying ace of the First World War, credited with 16 aerial victories. Following the war, he studied engineering and worked in China, eventually starting his own aviation business. During the Second World War, Smith served in the Royal Australian Air Force, as a squadron leader.
World War I service
Francis Ryan Smith was born 23 July 1896, in Brisbane, Queensland. He worked as a clerk before joining the Australian Imperial Force on 20 July 1915, during the First World War. As an infantry officer, he served with distinction in the 31st Battalion, seeing action on the Western Front at Fromelles and then later around Armentieres in 1916, for which he was awarded the Military Cross, for bravery under fire. He transferred to the Australian Flying Corps for training, then joined No. 2 Squadron AFC as a pilot on 28 February 1918.
Piloting a RAF SE.5a,
he was credited with a total of 16 aerial victories, consisting of nine enemy aircraft sent down out of control, and seven others destroyed including one shared.
Along the way, Smith became a Flight Leader by mid-September 1918; he also became his squadron's leading ace. Additionally, he became the squadron's final casualty, being shot down on 10 November 1918. Although downed behind enemy lines, he evaded capture by donning civilian clothing and covering 40 miles back to his squadron mess. He found his squadron-mates celebrating the Armistice ending the war.
He returned to Australia on 6 May 1919. By 18 June, he had been discharged.
Later life
Post war, Smith studied engineering at St Leo's College, in Brisbane, and in 1920 moved to Amoy, in China to work for a merchant company. He later moved to Shanghai as he progressed in the company and in 1935 started an aviation company in Hong Kong. He married his cousin, Annie (Nancy) Power, while in China and had two children.
He returned to Australia in 1941, and during the Second World War, Smith served in the Royal Australian Air Force, achieving the rank of squadron leader before being discharged in January 1944. His final posting on discharge was No. 3 Wing, Air Training Corps.
In 1951, Smith leased an auto service station in Willandra, Ryde, New South Wales. He died on 24 December 1961 in Balmain, New South Wales.
Honours and awards
Military Cross (MC):
Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC):
Notes
References
1896 births
1961 deaths
Australian Army officers
Australian Flying Corps officers
Australian military personnel of World War I
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
Australian World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Military Cross
Royal Australian Air Force officers
Military personnel from Brisbane |
Handeloh is a municipality in the district of Harburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Geography
Location
Handeloh lies between the rivers Seeve and Este, south of Buchholz in der Nordheide. The Harburg Hills lie to the northwest and the Lüneburg Heath Nature Reserve to the southeast. The parish belongs to the collective municipality of Tostedt, whose seat is in the village of Tostedt.
Neighbouring communities
Welle
Otter
Undeloh
Buchholz in der Nordheide
Sub-divisions
Handeloh has the following sub-divisions: Handeloh, Höckel, Inzmühlen and Wörme.
Politics
Parish council
The parish council, which was elected on 11 September 2011, is made up as follows:
Freie Wählergemeinschaft Handeloh 4 seats
CDU 4 seats
SPD 2 seats
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen 2 seats
single candidate 1 seat
(as at: the local elections on 11 September 2011)
Coat-of-arms
On the left hand side of the shield, in the upper half a gold wagon wheel with 8 spokes on green, in the lower half two blue wavy lines on silver, on the right hand side a black pine with four roots on gold.
Meaning: The wagon wheel symbolises the former importance of forestry in the parish. The two wavy lines represent the rivers Este and Seeve that flow through the parish. The dense woods are portrayed by the pine tree whose four roots symbolise the four villages in the parish association.
Culture and places of interest
Museums
The Alte Schmiede ("Old Smithy") Natural History Museum and Training School
Exhibitions cover the local bird world, mammals and birds of North Germany, including the coasts, local amphibians and reptiles.
The training school hosts seminars for employees in nature conservation management and support.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
The village is served by two stations on the Heath Railway (Heidebahn): Handeloh and Büsenbachtal. The latter also serves the village of Wörme and the Büsenbach valley walking area.
In addition the station of Handeloh on the Heath Railway is the last stop within the HVV tariff zone. However since 2008 season tickets have been valid to Soltau.
Media
A manor house (Reiterhof) in Handeloh was the main setting for the 52-part TV series Neues vom Süderhof.
External links
Handeloh parish
References
Harburg (district) |
Warning to Wantons is a 1949 British romantic comedy film directed by Donald Wilson and starring Harold Warrender, Anne Vernon and David Tomlinson.
The screenplay, written by art historian James Laver and the director, was based upon Mary Mitchell's 1934 novel A Warning to Wantons, subtitled 'A fantastic romance - setting forth the not undeserved but awful fate which befell a minx.'
The film was one of the four of David Rawnsley's films that used his "independent frame" technique, a form of back projection.
Premise
A young woman escapes her strict convent school and enters high society, where she has the time of her life.
Cast
Credited
Harold Warrender as Count Anton Kardak
Anne Vernon as Renee de Vaillant
David Tomlinson as Count Max Kardak
Sonia Holm as Maria
Hugh Cross as Pauli
Marie Burke as Therese
Judy Kelly as Mimi de Vaillant
Ellen Pollock as Baroness de Jammes
Andre Van Gyseghem as Oblensky
Bruce Belfrage as Archimandrite
Dennis Vance as Franklin Budd
Jack Melford as Maurice Lugard
Brian Oulton as Gilbertier
Uncredited
Stanley Ratcliffe as Baroud
Aletha Orr as Mrs. Budd
Claud Frederic as Padara
Ida Patlanski as Mrs. Padera
Olwen Brookes as Mdme. Bertrand
Kenneth Firth as Achille
John Warren (actor) as Grobner
Mela White as Madeleine
Alexander Field as Woodman
Betty Thomas as Hortense
Frank Cochrane as Gaston
Nancy Roberts as Mother Superior
Grace Denbigh Russell as Nurse
Margaret Damer as 1st Nun
Harriet Petworth as 2nd Nun
Michael Balzagette as Ticket Collector
Patricia Davidson as 1st Maid
David Keir as Concierge
Herbert C. Walton as Quarry Peasant
Peter Faber as Page
Pauline Loring as 1st Female Relative
Vincent Ball as Earl (Footman)
Production
It was the first of four films produced by Donald Wilson using prefabricated sets to keep costs down. Filming took six weeks.
Critical reception
TV Guide called the film a "A spirited romantic comedy," and rated it two out of four stars.
References
External links
1949 films
British romantic comedy films
Films shot at Pinewood Studios
British black-and-white films
1949 romantic comedy films
1940s English-language films
1940s British films |
This article is about the particular significance of the year 1915 to Wales and its people.
Incumbents
Archdruid of the National Eisteddfod of Wales – Dyfed
Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey – Sir Richard Henry Williams-Bulkeley, 12th Baronet
Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire – Joseph Bailey, 2nd Baron Glanusk
Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire – John Ernest Greaves
Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Herbert Davies-Evans
Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – John William Gwynne Hughes
Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire – William Cornwallis-West
Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire – William Glynne Charles Gladstone (until 13 April); Henry Gladstone, later Baron Gladstone (from 23 June)
Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth
Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire – Sir Osmond Williams, 1st Baronet
Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Ivor Herbert, 1st Baron Treowen
Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Sir Herbert Williams-Wynn, 7th Baronet
Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – John Philipps, 1st Viscount St Davids
Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – Powlett Milbank
Bishop of Bangor – Watkin Williams
Bishop of Llandaff – Joshua Pritchard Hughes
Bishop of St Asaph – A. G. Edwards (later Archbishop of Wales)
Bishop of St Davids – John Owen
Events
January - A memorial to Captain Robert Falcon Scott, in the form of a model lighthouse, is erected on an island in Roath Park Lake, commemorating the support given to Scott's expedition by the people of Cardiff.
26 February - The Welsh Guards regiment is created.
4 April - Three German prisoners-of-war escape from an internment camp at Llansannan in Denbighshire, but are quickly recaptured.
23 April - The body of Will Gladstone, recently killed at the Western Front, is re-buried in the churchyard of St Deiniol's, Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales. With special permission from King George V of the United Kingdom, he becomes the last casualty to be officially repatriated to the United Kingdom during the First World War.
25 April - At Gallipoli, Able Seaman William Charles Williams of Chepstow helps secure lighters on HMS River Clyde under continuous fire. He is posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross - the first such award made to a member of the Royal Navy in World War I.
7 May - When is sunk by a German torpedo, notable survivors include David Alfred Thomas, Viscount Rhondda and tenor Gwynn Parry Jones.
26 July - The Glamorganshire Canal closes between Abercynon and Pontypridd.
11 September - The first branch of the Women's Institute in Britain opens at Llanfair PG, Anglesey.
1 October - For his conduct at the Battle of Hooge, Lt. Rupert Price Hallowes of Port Talbot is posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.
November - The 38th (Welsh) Division is posted to France.
15 November - Sir James Cory, 1st Baronet, becomes MP for Cardiff, following the death in action of the previous incumbent, Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart.
25 November - In the Merthyr Tydfil by-election, caused by the death of Keir Hardie, Charles Stanton becomes Independent Labour Party MP for Merthyr.
4 December - First submarine to be launched at Pembroke Dock, .
Welshmen continue to enlist for military service in World War I, including architect Percy Thomas, who joins the Artists' Rifles.
Sir William Rice Edwards becomes surgeon-general of Bengal.
Arts and literature
August - Clough Williams-Ellis marries Amabel Strachey.
unknown date - Gomer Berry and William Ewart Berry become owners of The Sunday Times.
Awards
National Eisteddfod of Wales (held in Bangor)
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Chair - T. H. Parry-Williams, "Eryri"
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Crown - T. H. Parry-Williams
New books
English language
Caradoc Evans - My People: Stories of the Peasantry of West Wales
John Gwenogvryn Evans (ed.) - Poems from the Book of Taliesin, amended and translated
Arthur Machen - The Great Return
John Cowper Powys - Wood and Stone
Welsh language
William Evans (Wil Ifan) - Dros y Nyth
Eluned Morgan - Plant yr Haul
Music
David Roberts - Y Tant Aur (2nd edition)
William Penfro Rowlands - "Blaenwern" (hymn tune), in Henry H. Jones' Cân a Moliant
Film
The Birth of a Nation directed by Welsh-descended D. W. Griffith.
Sport
Boxing - Llew Edwards wins the British and Commonwealth featherweight titles.
Births
16 January - David Michael Davies, 2nd Baron Davies (died 1944)
11 February - Mervyn Levy, artist (died 1996)
20 February - Mary Jones, actor (died 1990)
25 March - Dorothy Squires, singer (died 1998)
2 April - Patrick Gibbs, RAF Wing Commander, author and film critic (died 2008)
9 April - Bill Clement, Welsh international rugby player and Secretary of the WRU (died 2007)
13 May - Hrothgar John Habakkuk, economic historian (died 2002)
4 June - David Bell, writer and curator (died 1959)
1 July - Alun Lewis, poet (died on active service 1944)
3 July - Ifor Owen, illustrator (died 2007)
30 August - Lillian May Davies, later Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, fashion model and Swedish princess (died 2013)
4 September - Roland Mathias, poet and critic (died 2007)
10 September - Geraint Bowen, poet and Archdruid (died 2011)
22 September - Thomas Williams, politician (died 1986)
23 September - John Samuel Rowlands, GC (died 2006)
11 October - T. Llew Jones, writer (died 2009)
10 November - Leslie Manfield, Wales international rugby union player (died 2006)
26 December - Keidrych Rhys, poet and journalist (died 1987)
Deaths
6 January - Owen Roberts, educator, 79
24 January - Charles Taylor, naval officer and Wales rugby international, 51 (killed in action)
30 January - Thomas Benbow Phillips, pioneer settler, 85
5 March - George "Honey Boy" Evans, musician and entertainer, 44 (cancer)
21 March - Edward Pegge, Wales international rugby player, 50
13 April - William Glynne Charles Gladstone, Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire, 29
25 April - William Charles Williams, posthumous Victoria Cross recipient, 34 (killed in action)
6 June - John Lloyd, political reformer, 81
31 July - Billy Geen, soldier and Wales international rugby union player, 24 (killed in action)
4 September - David Gwynne-Vaughan, botanist, 44
7 September - Robert Lewis-Lloyd, rower and barrister, High Sheriff of Radnorshire, 79
26 September - Keir Hardie, Scottish-born serving MP for Merthyr Tydfil (Labour) and pacifist, 59 (died in Scotland)
27 September - Richard Garnons Williams, soldier and Wales international rugby union player, 59 (killed in action)
30 September - Rupert Price Hallowes, posthumous Victoria Cross recipient, 34 (killed in action)
2 October - Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart, Scottish-born British Army officer and serving MP for Cardiff (Unionist), 32 (killed in action)
22 November - Llewellyn John Montfort Bebb, Principal of St David's College, Lampeter, 53
29 November - Rachel Davies (Rahel o Fôn), Baptist preacher, 69
10 December - David Jenkins, composer, 66
17 December - Sir John Rhys, philologist, 75
See also
1915 in Ireland
References
Wales
Wales
1915 in Europe
1910s in Wales |
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Hermenegild Makoro (born December 7, 1951) is a South African religious sister, currently serving as the Secretary-General of the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference since 2012.
Early life and education
Makoro was born in the district of Mount Fletcher in Eastern Cape Province, the second of four children and only daughter.
She received a Bachelor of Theology from the University of Natal and an education degree from the University of Transkei.
Service
Since 1976, Makoro has been a member of the Missionary Sisters of the Precious Blood in the Diocese of Mthatha. She has served in a variety of roles, including teacher at Mariazell High School, coordinator of the Diocesan Catechetical Team, coordinator of Diocese Leadership training, and Provincial superior of the Missionary Sisters.
From 2005 until 2012, Makoro served as Associate Secretary-General of the Bishops' Conference prior to her appointment as secretary-general.
In 2014, she was appointed by Pope Francis to serve on the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors. She was reappointed to a second term by the pontiff in 2018 and joined the Work Group for the Education of Families and Communities.
Makoro currently serves on the board of directors for the Catholic Health Care Association. Makoro ministered to Winnie Mandela before her death.
References
External links
Commission official website
1951 births
Living people
People from Elundini Local Municipality
South African Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
South African religious leaders
Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
University of Natal alumni
Walter Sisulu University alumni |
Burlington Council may be:
Burlington Council (Iowa)
Burlington Council (New Jersey)
Burlington Council (Vermont)
Burlington County Council (New Jersey) |
Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing. Stagnant water can be a major environmental hazard.
Dangers
Malaria and dengue are among the main dangers of stagnant water, which can become a breeding ground for the mosquitoes that transmit these diseases.
Stagnant water can be dangerous for drinking because it provides a better incubator than running water for many kinds of bacteria and parasites. Stagnant water can be contaminated with human and animal feces, particularly in deserts or other areas of low rainfall. Water stagnation for as little as six days can completely change bacterial community composition and increase cell count.
Stagnant water may be classified into the following basic, although overlapping, types:
Water body stagnation (stagnation in swamp, lake, lagoon, river, etc.)
Surface and ground waters stagnation
Trapped water stagnation. The water may be trapped in human artifacts (discarded cans, plant pots, tires, dug-outs, roofs, etc.), as well as in natural containers, such as hollow tree trunks, leaf sheath, etc.
To avoid ground and surface water stagnation, drainage of surface and subsoil is advised. Areas with a shallow water table are more susceptible to ground water stagnation due to the lower availability of natural soil drainage.
Life that may thrive in stagnant water
Some plants prefer flowing water, while others, such as lotuses, prefer stagnant water.
Various anaerobic bacteria are commonly found in stagnant water. For this reason, pools of stagnant water have historically been used in processing hemp and some other fiber crops, as well as linden bark used for making bast shoes. Several weeks of soaking makes bast fibers easily separable due to bacterial and fermentative processes known as retting.
Denitrifying bacteria
Leptospira
Purple bacteria (both sulfur and non-sulfur)
Fish
Asian swamp eel
Lepisosteidae (gar)
Northern snakehead
Pygmy gourami
Spotted barb
Walking catfish
Insects
Stagnant water is the favorite breeding ground for a number of insects.
Dragonfly nymphs
Fly maggots
Mosquito larvae
Nepidae (water scorpions)
Other
Algae
Biofilm
A number of species of frogs prefer stagnant water.
Some species of turtles
Mata mata
See also
Eutrophication (excessive enrichment by nutrients and minerals)
Slough
Wetland
Residence time distribution
Water pollution
References
Environmental soil science
Water pollution
Liquid water
Aquifers
Aquatic ecology
Water supply
Waterborne diseases
Wetlands |
Godwin Ifeanyi Emefiele (born 4 August 1961) is a Nigerian politician, economist and banker who served as governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 4 June 2014 until his suspension by President Bola Tinubu, on 9 June 2023.
Early life and education
Godwin Emefiele was born in present day Lagos State, Nigeria on 4 August 1961. He is a native of Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. He attended Ansarudin Primary School and Maryland Comprehensive Secondary both in Lagos, before proceeding to the prestigious University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN) for his tertiary education. He obtained a Bachelor’s Degree in Banking and Finance, finishing as one of the top students in his class, in 1984. Soon after his National Youth Service, he returned to UNN for a Masters Degree in Finance, which he obtained in 1986. He is also an alumnus of Executive Education at Stanford University, Harvard University (2004) and Wharton School of Business (2005). He was conferred with an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Business Administration by the University of Nigeria Nsukka (UNN).
Career in the private sector
Early in his career, Emefiele lectured finance and insurance at the University of Nigeria Nsukka, and University of Port Harcourt, respectively. He also had a short stint working for vodafone.
Before moving to the Central Bank, he gained over eighteen years of banking experience. He served as chief executive officer and group managing director of Zenith Bank Plc. He served as deputy managing director of Zenith Bank Plc. from 2001. He served as executive director in charge of corporate banking, treasury, financial control and strategic planning of Zenith Bank Plc and served on the management team from its inception. He served as director at Zenith Bank Plc and Zenith Bank (Gambia) Limited. He serves as director of ACCION Microfinance Bank Limited.
Governor of the Central Bank
Emefiele was the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 4 June 2014 to 9 June 2023 when he was suspended by President Bola Tinubu. During his first term, he supervised an interventionist currency policy at the behest of the presidency, propping up the Nigerian Naira by pumping billions of dollars into the foreign exchange market. He also introduced a multiple exchange rate regime to try to mask pressure on the Naira and avoid a series of devaluations.
In 2019, Nigeria's Senate approved a second five-year term for Emefiele. This was the first time that anyone had served for a second term since Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999. Senator Bukola Saraki read President Buhari's letter on Thursday, 9 May 2019. He was screened on Wednesday and his confirmation came on Thursday, 16 May 2019.
Controversy
In an unprecedented move by any chief of the Nigerian apex bank, Godwin Emefiele ventured into partisan politics against the dictates of the Central Bank Act which provides that the occupant of the governor's position must remain apolitical and independent at all times to preserve the nonpartisan posture of the bank.
In May 2022, Emefiele drew public outrage when it emerged that he was seeking to replace President Muhammadu Buhari in the 2023 presidential election. What started as a rumor when campaign posters of the bank chief flooded the capital city of Abuja soon gained breath when a group of alleged rice farmers purchased the presidential form of the All Progressive Congress for the CBN Governor. In a series of tweets via his verified account, Emefiele rejected the presidential form and declared he has no intention to contest. But in a quick twist, Emefiele filed a lawsuit at the Federal High Court in Abuja seeking an order from the court directing the electoral body and the office of the attorney general not to stop him from contesting the presidential position. The court stepped down the request but invited the duo to make a formal presentation on why Emefiele's request should not be granted.
Nigerians and the Civil Society Organisations have filed multiple cases in court demanding the removal of the CBN Governor and accusing him of violating multiple provisions of the Central Bank Act.
Suspension as Central Bank Governor
On 9 June 2023, President Bola Tinubu suspended him as the Central Bank Governor with immediate effect, the statement came from the office of the Secretary to the Government of the Federation by Mr Willie Bassey.
The suspension is sequel to ongoing investigation of his office and also the planned reforms in the financial sector of the economy.
Emefiele was directed to hand over the affairs of his office to the Deputy Governor (Operations Directorate) Folashodun Adebisi Shonubi, who will act as the Central Bank Governor pending the conclusion of the investigation and the reforms.
Arrests by the DSS
On 10 June 2023, the Department of State Services (DSS) confirmed the arrest of Emefiele at exactly 14:28 WAT through their official twitter page. He was reportedly brought in for interrogation in regards to the investigation of his office, and a short video clip of him stepping out of an executive Hilux car in a close walk accompaniment by DSS officers into a waiting private jet ran wild in the media. He was charged in July 2023. He was re-arrested by the DSS on 25 July 2023, at the Federal High Court in Lagos.
Other activities
International Monetary Fund (IMF), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2018)
International Islamic Liquidity Management Corporation (IILM), Member of the Governing Board (since 2018)
See also
Economy of Nigeria
Edward Lametek Adamu
Aishah Ahmad
List of banks in Nigeria
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Governors of the Central Bank of Nigeria
Nigerian bankers
Politicians from Lagos
University of Nigeria alumni
Commanders of the Order of the Federal Republic |
Johann Stridbeck the Younger (1665, in Augsburg – 19 December 1714, in Augsburg) was a German draughtsman, engraver and publisher. He trained under his father, the engraver and publisher Johann Stridbeck the Elder (died 1716).
External links
Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek
Search git.gbv.de
1665 births
1714 deaths
German publishers (people)
Engravers from Augsburg
German draughtsmen |
The Lincoln County School District 1 is a public school district in Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States, based in Diamondville, Wyoming.
Schools
The Lincoln County School District #1 has one elementary school, one middle school, one alternative school and one high school.
Elementary schools
Kemmerer Elementary School
Middle school
Canyon Elementary School
Alternative schools
New Frontier High School
High school
Kemmerer High School
References
External links
School districts in Wyoming
Kemmerer, Wyoming
Education in Lincoln County, Wyoming |
Anthony Robert Ierardi (born November 13, 1960) retired from military service as a United States Army lieutenant general on 1 August 2019. Over the course of his career, he served in a uniquely diverse set of Army and Joint command and staff assignments in operational and institutional units and organizations. Ierardi's concluding assignment was as the Joint Staff's Director for Force Structure, Resources, Assessments, J-8. Previously, he served as the Deputy Chief of Staff G-8 of the United States Army, and commanded the 1st Cavalry Division at Fort Hood Texas. He attended Washington and Lee University and Georgetown University and holds business administration and Master of Arts degrees.
References
1960 births
Living people
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army generals
United States Army personnel of the Gulf War
United States Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |
Aquilegia flabellata, common name fan columbine or dwarf columbine, is a species of flowering perennial plant in the genus Aquilegia (columbine), of the family Ranunculaceae.
Description
Aquilegia flabellata grows to . in height. It has slightly glaucous, divided leaves. In early summer, it produces pale blue, violet-blue or lavender flowers, about in width, with creamy-white petals. Its appearance is very similar to that of Aquilegia sibirica.
Distribution and habitat
This species is native to Eastern Asia – Japan and Korea.
Cultivation
This low-growing columbine is suitable for cultivation in an alpine garden or rockery. Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The compact varieties A. flabellata var. pumila and A. flabellata var. pumila f. alba have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Varieties
Aquilegia flabellata 'Ministar'
Aquilegia flabellata 'Sapphire'
Aquilegia flabellata f. alba
Aquilegia flabellata Jewel Series
Aquilegia flabellata soft pink
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo Pink' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata Cameo Series
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo Blue' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo White' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo Blush' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Blue Jewel' (Jewel Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Pink Jewel' (Jewel Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo Rose' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata nana yezoense
Aquilegia flabellata 'Fantasy White' (Fantasy Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Fantasy Pink' (Fantasy Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Fantasy Purple' (Fantasy Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Fantasy Blue' (Fantasy Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Pink Topaz' (Jewel Series)
Aquilegia flabellata double white
Aquilegia flabellata 'Georgia' (State Series)
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila 'Snowflakes'
Aquilegia flabellata 'Fantasy Deep Purple' (Fantasy Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Fantasy Light Salmon' (Fantasy Series)
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila 'Atlantis'
Aquilegia flabellata Fantasy Series, mixed
Aquilegia flabellata f. alba 'White Angel'
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo Pink and White' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo Blue and White' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata 'Cameo Rose and White' (Cameo Series)
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila 'Silver Edge'
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila 'Flore Pleno'
Aquilegia flabellata from Rebun-to, Japan
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila f. konoi
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila f. kurilensis
Aquilegia flabellata f. alba 'White Jewel' (Jewel Series)
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila f. kurilensis 'Rosea'
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila f. alba
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila from Mount Hakkoda, Japan
References
flabellata
Flora of Japan
Flora of Korea
Plants described in 1845
Taxa named by Philipp Franz von Siebold
Taxa named by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini |
```objective-c
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
// from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#ifndef PULLEY_JOINT_H
#define PULLEY_JOINT_H
#include "PxPhysicsAPI.h"
// a pulley joint constrains two actors such that the sum of their distances from their respective anchor points at their attachment points
// is a fixed value (the parameter 'distance'). Only dynamic actors are supported.
//
// The constraint equation is as follows:
//
// |anchor0 - attachment0| + |anchor1 - attachment1| * ratio = distance
//
// where 'ratio' provides mechanical advantage.
//
// The above equation results in a singularity when the anchor point is coincident with the attachment point; for simplicity
// the constraint does not attempt to handle this case robustly.
class PulleyJoint : public physx::PxConstraintConnector
{
public:
static const physx::PxU32 TYPE_ID = physx::PxConcreteType::eFIRST_USER_EXTENSION;
PulleyJoint(physx::PxPhysics& physics,
physx::PxRigidBody& body0, const physx::PxTransform& localFrame0, const physx::PxVec3& attachment0,
physx::PxRigidBody& body1, const physx::PxTransform& localFrame1, const physx::PxVec3& attachment1);
void release();
// attribute accessor and mutators
void setAttachment0(const physx::PxVec3& pos);
physx::PxVec3 getAttachment0() const;
void setAttachment1(const physx::PxVec3& pos);
physx::PxVec3 getAttachment1() const;
void setDistance(physx::PxReal totalDistance);
physx::PxReal getDistance() const;
void setRatio(physx::PxReal ratio);
physx::PxReal getRatio() const;
// PxConstraintConnector boilerplate
void* prepareData();
void onConstraintRelease();
void onComShift(physx::PxU32 actor);
void onOriginShift(const physx::PxVec3& shift);
void* getExternalReference(physx::PxU32& typeID);
bool updatePvdProperties(physx::pvdsdk::PvdDataStream&,
const physx::PxConstraint*,
physx::PxPvdUpdateType::Enum) const { return true; }
physx::PxBase* getSerializable() { return NULL; }
virtual physx::PxConstraintSolverPrep getPrep() const { return sShaderTable.solverPrep; }
virtual const void* getConstantBlock() const { return &mData; }
private:
static physx::PxU32 solverPrep(physx::Px1DConstraint* constraints,
physx::PxVec3& body0WorldOffset,
physx::PxU32 maxConstraints,
physx::PxConstraintInvMassScale&,
const void* constantBlock,
const physx::PxTransform& bA2w,
const physx::PxTransform& bB2w);
static void visualize(physx::PxConstraintVisualizer& viz,
const void* constantBlock,
const physx::PxTransform& body0Transform,
const physx::PxTransform& body1Transform,
physx::PxU32 flags);
static void project(const void* constantBlock,
physx::PxTransform& bodyAToWorld,
physx::PxTransform& bodyBToWorld,
bool projectToA);
struct PulleyJointData
{
physx::PxTransform c2b[2];
physx::PxVec3 attachment0;
physx::PxVec3 attachment1;
physx::PxReal distance;
physx::PxReal ratio;
physx::PxReal tolerance;
};
physx::PxRigidBody* mBody[2];
physx::PxTransform mLocalPose[2];
physx::PxConstraint* mConstraint;
PulleyJointData mData;
static physx::PxConstraintShaderTable
sShaderTable;
~PulleyJoint() {}
};
#endif
``` |
The Toronto City School District is a public school district based in Toronto, Ohio, United States.
Schools currently in operation by the school district
See also
List of school districts in Ohio
External links
Toronto City Schools – Official site.
Education in Jefferson County, Ohio
School districts in Ohio |
Caradrina multifera, the speckled rustic moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1857. It is found in North America from Newfoundland to North Carolina and Tennessee and west to Minnesota and Manitoba. It is also present in British Columbia and Washington.
The wingspan is 30–32 mm. Adults have pale gray forewings with black zigzag lines, although these are sometimes broken into dots. The reniform spot is black with white dots around the perimeter. The hindwings are whitish basally, but have gray shading distally. They are on wing from July to October in one generation per year.
References
Moths described in 1857
Caradrinini
Moths of North America |
```javascript
import Cascader from './Cascader';
export default Cascader;
``` |
Brynmenyn railway station served the village of Brynmenyn, in the historic county of Glamorgan, Wales, from 1873 to 1958 on the Garw Valley Railway.
History
The station was opened as Brynmenin on 12 May 1873 by the Llynvi and Ogmore Railway. Its name was changed to Brynmenyn in 1886, although the old spelling remained in the handbook of stations until 1890. The station closed on 5 May 1958.
References
External links
Disused railway stations in Bridgend County Borough
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1873
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1958
1873 establishments in Wales
1958 disestablishments in Wales |
The Edinburgh Phrenological Society was founded in 1820 by George Combe, an Edinburgh lawyer, with his physician brother Andrew Combe. The Edinburgh Society was the first and foremost phrenology grouping in Great Britain; more than forty phrenological societies followed in other parts of the British Isles. The Society's influence was greatest over its first two decades but declined in the 1840s; the final meeting was recorded in 1870.
The central concept of phrenology is that the brain is the organ of the mind and that human behaviour can be usefully understood in broadly neuropsychological rather than philosophical or religious terms. Phrenologists discounted supernatural explanations and stressed the modularity of mind. The Edinburgh phrenologists also acted as midwives to evolutionary theory and inspired a renewed interest in psychiatric disorder and its moral treatment. Phrenology claimed to be scientific but is now regarded as a pseudoscience as its formal procedures did not conform to the usual standards of scientific method.
Edinburgh phrenologists included George and Andrew Combe; asylum doctor and reformer William A.F. Browne, father of James Crichton-Browne; Robert Chambers, author of the 1844 proto-Darwinian book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation; William Ballantyne Hodgson, economist and pioneer of women's education; astronomer John Pringle Nichol; and botanist and evolutionary thinker Hewett Cottrell Watson. Charles Darwin, a medical student in Edinburgh in 1825–7, took part in phrenological discussions at the Plinian Society and returned to Edinburgh in 1838 when formulating his concepts concerning natural selection.
Background
Phrenology emerged from the views of the medical doctor and scientific researcher Franz Joseph Gall in 18th-century Vienna. Gall suggested that facets of the mind corresponded to regions of the brain, and that it was possible to determine character traits by examining the shape of a person's skull. This "craniological" aspect was greatly extended by his one-time disciple, Johann Spurzheim, who coined the term phrenology and saw it as a means of advancing society by social reform (improving the material conditions of human life).
In 1815, the Edinburgh Review published a hostile article by anatomist John Gordon, who called phrenology a "mixture of gross errors" and "extravagant absurdities". In response, Spurzheim went to Edinburgh to take part in public debates and to perform brain dissections in public. Whilst he was received politely by the scientific and medical community there, many were troubled by the philosophical materialism inherent in phrenology. George Combe, a lawyer who had previously been skeptical, became a convert to phrenology after listening to Spurzheim's commentary as he dissected a human brain.
Founding and function
The Edinburgh Phrenological Society was founded on 22 February 1820, by the Combe brothers with the support of the Evangelical minister David Welsh. The Society grew rapidly; in 1826, it had 120 members, an estimated one third of whom had a medical background.
The Society acquired large numbers of phrenological artefacts, such as marked porcelain heads indicating the location of cerebral organs, and endocranial casts of individuals with unusual personalities. Their museum was located on Chambers Street.
Members published articles, gave lectures, and defended phrenology. Critics included philosopher Sir William Hamilton and the editor of the Edinburgh Review, Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey. The hostility of other critics, including Alexander Monro tertius, anatomy professor at the University of Edinburgh Medical School, actually added to the glamour of phrenological concepts. Some anti-religionists, including the anatomist Robert Knox and the evolutionist Robert Edmond Grant, while sympathetic to its materialist implications, rejected the unscientific nature of phrenology and did not embrace its speculative and reformist aspects.
In 1823, Andrew Combe addressed the Royal Medical Society in a debate, arguing that phrenology explained the intellectual and moral abilities of mankind. Both sides claimed victory after the lengthy debate, but the Medical Society refused to publish an account. This prompted the Edinburgh Phrenological Society to establish its own journal in 1824: The Phrenological Journal and Miscellany, later renamed Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science.
In the mid-1820s, a split emerged between the Christian phrenologists and Combe's closer associates. Matters came to a head when Combe and his supporters passed a motion banning the discussion of theology in the Society, effectively silencing their critics. In response, David Welsh and other evangelical members left the Society.
In December 1826, the atheistic phrenologist William A.F. Browne caused a sensation at the university's Plinian Society with an attack on the recently republished theories of Charles Bell concerning the expression of the human emotions. Bell held that human anatomy uniquely allowed the expression of the human moral self while Browne argued that there were no absolute distinctions between human and animal anatomy. Charles Darwin, then a 17-year-old student at the university, was there to listen. On 27 March 1827, Browne advanced phrenological theories concerning the human mind in terms of the Lamarckist evolution of the brain. This attracted the opposition of almost all members of the Plinian Society and, again, Darwin observed the ensuing outrage. In his private notebooks, including the M Notebook written ten years later, Darwin commented sympathetically on the views of the phrenologists.
George Combe published The Constitution of Man in 1828. After a slow start, it became an international bestseller in the 19th century, with around 350,000 copies sold. Almost a century later, psychiatrist Sir James Crichton-Browne said of the book: "The Constitution of Man on its first appearance was received in Edinburgh with an odium theologicum, analogous to that afterwards stirred up by the Vestiges of Creation and On The Origin of Species. It was denounced as an attack on faith and morals.... read today, it must be regarded as really rather more orthodox in its teaching than some of the lucubrations of the Dean of St Paul's and the Bishop of Durham".
Phrenologists from the Society applied their methods to the Burke and Hare murders in Edinburgh. Over the course of ten months in 1828, Burke and Hare murdered sixteen people and sold the bodies for dissection in the private anatomy schools. Burke was executed on 28 January 1829, while Hare turned King's evidence; Burke was publicly dissected by Professor Monro the next day, and the phrenologists were permitted to examine his skull. Face masks of both men - a death-mask for Burke and a life-mask for Hare - form part of the Edinburgh phrenology collection.
Scotswoman Agnes Sillars Hamilton made a living from phrenology travelling throughout Britain and Ireland. It was her son who left for Australia and published an account of Ned Kelly's skull.
Society co-founder and president Andrew Combe had two successful publications in the early 1830s: Observations on Mental Derangement in 1831 and Physiology applied to Health and Education in 1834. The latter, especially, sold well in Great Britain and the United States, with numerous editions and reprintings.
The Edinburgh Phrenological Society received a financial boost by the death of a wealthy supporter in 1832. William Ramsay Henderson left a large bequest to the Edinburgh Society to promote phrenology as it saw fit. The Henderson Trust enabled the society to publish an inexpensive edition of The Constitution of Man, which went on to become one of the best-selling books of the 19th century. However, despite the widespread interest in phrenology in the 1820s and 1830s, the Phrenological Journal always struggled to make a profit.
Influences from the society
W.A.F. Browne: In 1832–1834, Browne published a paper in The Phrenological Journal in three serialised episodes On Morbid Manifestations of the Organ of Language, as connected with Insanity, relating mental disorder to a disturbance in the neurological organization of language. Browne went on to a distinguished career as an asylum doctor and his internationally influential 1837 publication What Asylums Were, Are and Ought To Be was dedicated to Andrew Combe. In 1866, after his twenty years of leadership at The Crichton asylum in Dumfries, Browne was elected President of the Medico-Psychological Association. In his later years, Browne returned to relationships of psychosis, brain injury and language in his 1872 paper Impairment of Language, The Result of Cerebral Disease, published in the West Riding Lunatic Asylum Medical Reports, edited by his son James Crichton-Browne.
Robert Chambers: Although not formally admitted to the Society, Chambers occasionally acted as George Combe's publisher and became an enthusiast for phrenological thinking. In 1844, Chambers anonymously published Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written as he recovered from depression at his holiday home in St Andrews. Chambers' wife, Anne Kirkwood, transcribed the manuscript for the publishers (dictated by her husband) so that they would not recognise its origins. In a strange parallel, Prince Albert read it aloud to Queen Victoria in the Summer of 1845. It became an international bestseller and a powerful public influence, situated midway between Combe's The Constitution of Man (1828) and Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859.
Charles Darwin: Darwin attended the University of Edinburgh Medical School and, as an active member of Plinian Society, observed the 1826-1827 controversies with phrenologist William A.F. Browne. In 1838, some eleven years after his hurried departure, Darwin revisited Edinburgh and his undergraduate haunts, recording his psychological speculations in the M Notebook and teasing out the details of his theory of natural selection. At this time, Darwin was preparing for marriage with his religiously minded cousin Emma Wedgwood, and was in some emotional turmoil: on 21 September, after his return to England, he recorded a vivid and disturbing dream in which he seemed to be involved in an execution at which the corpse came to life and joked about having died as a hero. Darwin committed his "gigantic blunder" concerning the parallel roads of Glen Roy while on this Scottish trip, suggesting an element of mental distraction. He published On the Origin of Species some twenty years later, in 1859; the book was translated into many languages, and became a staple scientific text and a key fixture of modern scientific culture.
William Ballantyne Hodgson: Hodgson joined the phrenology movement as a student at Edinburgh University and later supported himself as a hired lecturer for literature, education, and phrenology. He became an educational reformer, a pioneering proponent of women's education and - in 1871 - the first Professor of Political Economy (and Mercantile Law) at Edinburgh University. In later life, Hodgson lived at Bonaly Tower outside Edinburgh, and was elected President of the Educational Institute of Scotland.
Thomas Laycock: Laycock was one of George Combe's "influential disciples". He was a pioneering neurophysiologist. In 1855, Laycock was appointed to the Chair of Medicine in Edinburgh University. In 1860, Laycock published his Mind and Brain, an extended essay on the neurological foundations of psychological life. Laycock was friendly with asylum reformer William A.F. Browne and was an important influence on Browne's son, Sir James Crichton-Browne.
John Pringle Nichol: Nichol was originally educated and licensed as a preacher, but the impact of phrenological thinking pushed him into education. He became a famous lecturer and Regius Professor of Astronomy in Glasgow University, and his 1837 book The Architecture of the Heavens was a classic of popular science. In the 1840s, Nichol became addicted to prescription opiates, and he recorded his successful hydropathic rehabilitation in his autobiographical correspondence Memorials from Ben Rhydding.
Hewett Cottrell Watson: In 1836, Watson published a paper in The Phrenological Journal entitled What Is The Use Of The Double Brain? in which he speculated on the differential development of the two human cerebral hemispheres. This theme of cerebral asymmetry was picked up rather casually by the London society physician Sir Henry Holland in 1840, and then much more extensively by the eccentric Brighton medical practitioner Arthur Ladbroke Wigan in his 1844 treatise A New View of Insanity: On the Duality of Mind. It did not achieve scientific status until Paul Broca, encouraged by the French phrenologist/physician Jean-Baptiste Bouillaud, published his research into the speech centres of the brain in 1861. In 1868, Broca presented his findings at the Norwich meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1889, Henry Maudsley published a searching review of this topic entitled The Double Brain in the philosophical journal Mind. Like Robert Chambers, Watson later turned his energies to the question of the transmutation of species, and, having bought the Phrenological Journal with the proceeds of a large inheritance, appointed himself as its editor in 1837. In the 1850s, Watson conducted an extensive correspondence with Charles Darwin concerning the geographical distribution of British plant species, and Darwin made generous acknowledgement of Watson's scientific assistance in On The Origin of Species (second edition). Watson was unusual amongst phrenologists in explicitly disavowing phrenological ideas in later life.
Decline
Interest in phrenology declined in Edinburgh in the 1840s. Some of the phrenologists' concerns drifted into the related fields of anthropometry, psychiatry and criminology, and also into degeneration theory as set out by Bénédict Morel, Arthur de Gobineau and Cesare Lombroso. In the 1870s, the eminent social psychologist Gustav Le Bon (1841-1931) invented a cephalometer which facilitated the measurement of cranial capacity and variation. In 1885, the German medical scientist Rudolf Virchow launched a large scale craniometric investigation of the supposed racial stereotypes with decisively negative results for the proponents of racial science. Worldwide, interest in phrenology remained high throughout the nineteenth century, with George Combe's The Constitution of Man being much in demand. Combe devoted his later years to international travel, lecturing on phrenology. He was preparing the ninth edition of The Constitution of Man when he died while receiving hydrotherapy treatment at Moor Park, Farnham.
The last recorded meeting of the Society took place in 1870. The Society's museum closed in 1886.
Legacy of the Society
Together with mesmerism, phrenology exerted an extraordinary influence on the Victorian literary imagination in the later 19th century, especially in the fin-de-siècle aesthetic, and comparable to the later cultural influences of spiritualism and psychoanalysis. Examples of phrenology's literary legacy feature in the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, George du Maurier, Bram Stoker, Robert Louis Stevenson and H.G. Wells.
On 29 February 1924, Sir James Crichton-Browne (the son of William A.F. Browne) delivered the Ramsay Henderson Bequest Lecture entitled The Story of the Brain in which he recorded a generous appreciation of the role of the Edinburgh phrenologists in the later development of neurology and neuropsychiatry. Crichton-Browne did not remark, however, on his father's having joined the Society a century earlier, almost to the day.
The Henderson Trust was wound up in 2012. Many of the society's phrenological artefacts survive today, having passed to the University of Edinburgh's Anatomical Museum under the guidance of Professor Matthew Kaufman, and they are now on display at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.
The activities of the Edinburgh phrenologists have enjoyed an unusual afterlife in the history and sociology of scientific knowledge (science studies), as an example of a discarded cultural production.
References
External links
Anatomical Museum at the University of Edinburgh
Organizations established in 1820
1870 disestablishments in Scotland
Phrenology
Phrenologists
Organisations based in Edinburgh
History of Edinburgh
History of psychology
History of neuroscience
Clubs and societies in Edinburgh
History of mental health in the United Kingdom
Former mental health organisations in the United Kingdom
Charles Darwin
1820 establishments in Scotland
Organizations disestablished in 1870 |
```c
/*
*
*/
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/bluetooth.h>
#include <zephyr/bluetooth/gatt.h>
#include "common.h"
CREATE_FLAG(flag_is_connected);
CREATE_FLAG(flag_discover_complete);
CREATE_FLAG(flag_write_complete);
CREATE_FLAG(flag_read_complete);
static struct bt_conn *g_conn;
static uint16_t chrc_handle;
static uint16_t long_chrc_handle;
static const struct bt_uuid *test_svc_uuid = TEST_SERVICE_UUID;
#define NUM_ITERATIONS 10
#define ARRAY_ITEM(i, _) i
static uint8_t chrc_data[] = { LISTIFY(CHRC_SIZE, ARRAY_ITEM, (,)) }; /* 1, 2, 3 ... */
static uint8_t long_chrc_data[] = { LISTIFY(LONG_CHRC_SIZE, ARRAY_ITEM, (,)) }; /* 1, 2, 3 ... */
static void connected(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Failed to connect to %s (%u)\n", addr, err);
return;
}
printk("Connected to %s\n", addr);
g_conn = conn;
SET_FLAG(flag_is_connected);
}
static void disconnected(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason)
{
char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
if (conn != g_conn) {
return;
}
bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
printk("Disconnected: %s (reason 0x%02x)\n", addr, reason);
bt_conn_unref(g_conn);
g_conn = NULL;
UNSET_FLAG(flag_is_connected);
}
static struct bt_conn_cb conn_callbacks = {
.connected = connected,
.disconnected = disconnected,
};
void device_found(const bt_addr_le_t *addr, int8_t rssi, uint8_t type,
struct net_buf_simple *ad)
{
char addr_str[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
int err;
if (g_conn != NULL) {
return;
}
/* We're only interested in connectable events */
if (type != BT_HCI_ADV_IND && type != BT_HCI_ADV_DIRECT_IND) {
return;
}
bt_addr_le_to_str(addr, addr_str, sizeof(addr_str));
printk("Device found: %s (RSSI %d)\n", addr_str, rssi);
printk("Stopping scan\n");
err = bt_le_scan_stop();
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Could not stop scan: %d");
return;
}
err = bt_conn_le_create(addr, BT_CONN_LE_CREATE_CONN,
BT_LE_CONN_PARAM_DEFAULT, &g_conn);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Could not connect to peer: %d", err);
}
}
static uint8_t discover_func(struct bt_conn *conn,
const struct bt_gatt_attr *attr,
struct bt_gatt_discover_params *params)
{
int err;
if (attr == NULL) {
if (chrc_handle == 0 || long_chrc_handle == 0) {
FAIL("Did not discover chrc (%x) or long_chrc (%x)",
chrc_handle, long_chrc_handle);
}
(void)memset(params, 0, sizeof(*params));
SET_FLAG(flag_discover_complete);
return BT_GATT_ITER_STOP;
}
printk("[ATTRIBUTE] handle %u\n", attr->handle);
if (params->type == BT_GATT_DISCOVER_PRIMARY &&
bt_uuid_cmp(params->uuid, TEST_SERVICE_UUID) == 0) {
printk("Found test service\n");
params->uuid = NULL;
params->start_handle = attr->handle + 1;
params->type = BT_GATT_DISCOVER_CHARACTERISTIC;
err = bt_gatt_discover(conn, params);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Discover failed (err %d)\n", err);
}
return BT_GATT_ITER_STOP;
} else if (params->type == BT_GATT_DISCOVER_CHARACTERISTIC) {
struct bt_gatt_chrc *chrc = (struct bt_gatt_chrc *)attr->user_data;
if (bt_uuid_cmp(chrc->uuid, TEST_CHRC_UUID) == 0) {
printk("Found chrc\n");
chrc_handle = chrc->value_handle;
} else if (bt_uuid_cmp(chrc->uuid, TEST_LONG_CHRC_UUID) == 0) {
printk("Found long_chrc\n");
long_chrc_handle = chrc->value_handle;
}
}
return BT_GATT_ITER_CONTINUE;
}
static void gatt_discover(void)
{
static struct bt_gatt_discover_params discover_params;
int err;
printk("Discovering services and characteristics\n");
discover_params.uuid = test_svc_uuid;
discover_params.func = discover_func;
discover_params.start_handle = BT_ATT_FIRST_ATTRIBUTE_HANDLE;
discover_params.end_handle = BT_ATT_LAST_ATTRIBUTE_HANDLE;
discover_params.type = BT_GATT_DISCOVER_PRIMARY;
err = bt_gatt_discover(g_conn, &discover_params);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Discover failed(err %d)\n", err);
}
WAIT_FOR_FLAG(flag_discover_complete);
printk("Discover complete\n");
}
static void gatt_write_cb(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err,
struct bt_gatt_write_params *params)
{
if (err != BT_ATT_ERR_SUCCESS) {
FAIL("Write failed: 0x%02X\n", err);
}
(void)memset(params, 0, sizeof(*params));
SET_FLAG(flag_write_complete);
}
static void gatt_write(uint16_t handle)
{
static struct bt_gatt_write_params write_params;
int err;
if (handle == chrc_handle) {
printk("Writing to chrc\n");
write_params.data = chrc_data;
write_params.length = sizeof(chrc_data);
} else if (handle) {
printk("Writing to long_chrc\n");
write_params.data = long_chrc_data;
write_params.length = sizeof(long_chrc_data);
}
write_params.func = gatt_write_cb;
write_params.handle = handle;
UNSET_FLAG(flag_write_complete);
err = bt_gatt_write(g_conn, &write_params);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("bt_gatt_write failed: %d\n", err);
}
WAIT_FOR_FLAG(flag_write_complete);
printk("success\n");
}
static uint8_t gatt_read_cb(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err,
struct bt_gatt_read_params *params,
const void *data, uint16_t length)
{
if (err != BT_ATT_ERR_SUCCESS) {
FAIL("Read failed: 0x%02X\n", err);
}
if (params->single.handle == chrc_handle) {
if (length != CHRC_SIZE ||
memcmp(data, chrc_data, length) != 0) {
FAIL("chrc data different than expected", err);
}
} else if (params->single.handle == chrc_handle) {
if (length != LONG_CHRC_SIZE ||
memcmp(data, long_chrc_data, length) != 0) {
FAIL("long_chrc data different than expected", err);
}
}
(void)memset(params, 0, sizeof(*params));
SET_FLAG(flag_read_complete);
return 0;
}
static void gatt_read(uint16_t handle)
{
static struct bt_gatt_read_params read_params;
int err;
printk("Reading chrc\n");
read_params.func = gatt_read_cb;
read_params.handle_count = 1;
read_params.single.handle = chrc_handle;
read_params.single.offset = 0;
UNSET_FLAG(flag_read_complete);
err = bt_gatt_read(g_conn, &read_params);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("bt_gatt_read failed: %d\n", err);
}
WAIT_FOR_FLAG(flag_read_complete);
printk("success\n");
}
static void test_main(void)
{
int err;
bt_conn_cb_register(&conn_callbacks);
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_ITERATIONS; i++) {
err = bt_enable(NULL);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Bluetooth discover failed (err %d)\n", err);
}
printk("Bluetooth initialized\n");
err = bt_le_scan_start(BT_LE_SCAN_PASSIVE, device_found);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Scanning failed to start (err %d)\n", err);
}
printk("Scanning successfully started\n");
WAIT_FOR_FLAG(flag_is_connected);
gatt_discover();
/* Write and read a few times to ensure stateless behavior */
for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
gatt_write(chrc_handle);
gatt_read(chrc_handle);
gatt_write(long_chrc_handle);
gatt_read(long_chrc_handle);
}
err = bt_conn_disconnect(g_conn, 0x13);
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Disconnect failed (err %d)\n", err);
return;
}
WAIT_FOR_FLAG_UNSET(flag_is_connected);
err = bt_disable();
if (err != 0) {
FAIL("Bluetooth disable failed (err %d)\n", err);
}
printk("Bluetooth successfully disabled\n");
}
PASS("GATT client Passed\n");
}
static const struct bst_test_instance test_vcs[] = {
{
.test_id = "gatt_client",
.test_pre_init_f = test_init,
.test_tick_f = test_tick,
.test_main_f = test_main
},
BSTEST_END_MARKER
};
struct bst_test_list *test_gatt_client_install(struct bst_test_list *tests)
{
return bst_add_tests(tests, test_vcs);
}
``` |
```javascript
import React from 'react';
import {CreateQueue} from '../../../app/components/queue/createQueue.js';
describe('<CreateQueue />', () => {
let wrapper;
before(() => {
const props = {
loading: true,
dispatch: sinon.spy(),
children: '',
};
wrapper = shallow(<CreateQueue {...props} />, themeContext);
});
it('Component is rendering', () => {
expect(wrapper).to.exist;
});
});
``` |
```xml
// Use to update maintenance state
export class UpdateMaintenance {
static readonly type = '[CDS] Update Maintenance';
constructor(public enable: boolean) { }
}
export class GetCDSStatus {
static readonly type = '[CDS] Get CDS Status';
constructor() { }
}
``` |
City Sonic is a documentary series about Toronto-based musicians and the places that influenced their music. The first five City Sonic films were previewed at Toronto's 2009 North by North East Music and Film Festival, and subsequently 10 films screened at Toronto International Film Festival and the 2010 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival.
Films
City Sonic is a series of 20 short film films about places where music happens. Directed by Canadian filmmakers and co-produced by White Pine Pictures and Kensington Communications, each City Sonic film features one artist and one Toronto location that influenced them and their work. It was produced as 4 half hours for broadcast and was a leader in the development of its locative functionality through its smart phone mobile app.
Cancer Bats at Adrift Clubhouse
Care Failure (Die Mannequin) at 102.1 The Edge
Barenaked Ladies at Ultrasound Showbar
Brian Borcherdt (Holy Fuck) at Sneaky Dee's
Danko Jones at Maple Leaf Gardens
Jason Collett in Kensington Market
Justin Rutledge and Bazil Donovan (Blue Rodeo) at The Cameron House
Damian Abraham (Fucked Up) at Rotate This
D-Sisive at Planet Mars
Serena Ryder at the Dakota Tavern
Geddy Lee (Rush) at Massey Hall
Tony Dekker (Great Lake Swimmers) at Spadina Subway Station
Laura Barrett with Martin Tielli at the Art Gallery of Ontario
Woodhands at the Don Valley Brick Works
Sarah Slean at The Rivoli
Lioness at the Masonic Temple
Divine Brown at The Rex Hotel
Brendan Canning (Broken Social Scene) at the Drake Hotel
Colin Munroe at the Revival Bar
Sebastien Grainger (Death From Above 1979) at the El Mocambo
Directors
Anita Doron
Peter Lynch
Robert Lang
Bruce McDonald
Charles Officer
Rob Pilichowski
George Vale
References
External links
City Sonic Blog
City Sonic on Facebook
City Sonic YouTube Channel
City Sonic on Twitter
Music of Toronto
2000s Canadian documentary television series
Documentary web series
2000s Canadian music television series
Documentary films about Toronto
Canadian non-fiction web series |
```javascript
import BaseMask from './_base.mask'
import CustomMask from './custom.mask'
const CREDIT_CARD_MASKS = {
'visa-or-mastercard': {
regular: '9999 9999 9999 9999',
obfuscated: '9999 **** **** 9999'
},
'amex': {
regular: '9999 999999 99999',
obfuscated: '9999 ****** 99999'
},
'diners': {
regular: '9999 999999 9999',
obfuscated: '9999 ****** 9999'
},
}
const CREDIT_CARD_SETTINGS = {
obfuscated: false,
issuer: 'visa-or-mastercard'
}
const MASK_TRANSLATION = {
'*': val => null
}
export default class CreditCardMask extends BaseMask {
static getType() {
return 'credit-card'
}
getValue(value, settings) {
let selectedMask = this.getMask(value, settings)
return CustomMask.shared.getValue(value, {
mask: selectedMask,
translation: MASK_TRANSLATION
})
}
validate(value, settings) {
if (!!value) {
let selectedMask = this.getMask(value, settings)
return value.length === selectedMask.length
}
return true
}
getRawValue(maskedValue, settings) {
if (!maskedValue) return []
return maskedValue.split(' ').map(val => {
if (!val) return ''
return val.trim()
})
}
getMask(value, settings) {
let mergedSettings = super.mergeSettings(CREDIT_CARD_SETTINGS, settings)
const selectedMask = this._selectMask(mergedSettings.issuer, mergedSettings.obfuscated)
return selectedMask
}
_selectMask(issuer, obfuscated) {
const maskType = obfuscated ? 'obfuscated' : 'regular'
return CREDIT_CARD_MASKS[issuer][maskType]
}
}
``` |
Hurll is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Estelle May Hurll (1863–1924), American aesthetic analyst
Fred Hurll (1905–1991), British scouting executive
Michael Hurll (1936–2012), British television producer |
The 2019–20 UAE Pro League was the 46th edition of the UAE Pro League. On 26 April 2019, Khor Fakkan won the first division title over Al Taawon 3–0; this is their inaugural appearance on the pro league as Khor Fakkan Club as they were previously known as Al Khaleej, having been absent from the Pro League for twelve years. Hatta later returned to the pro league after a 1–0 away victory against Al Hamriyah secured them a spot on the first division after getting relegated a year ago. Sharjah are the defending champions. The League was put on hold on March due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however on June, with the majority of 12 out of 14 clubs votes, the league was cancelled and the champion is yet to be decided. On 18th of June, it was declared that this season will end with no champion despite Shabab Al-Ahli leading the table with 43 points and the same teams that qualified for the 2020 AFC Champions League will qualify for the 2021 AFC Champions League.
Team changes
To Division 1
Relegated to UAE Division 1
Emirates
Dibba Al Fujairah
From Division 1
Promoted to UAE Pro League
Khor Fakkan
Hatta
Stadia and locations
Note: Table lists clubs in alphabetical order.
Personnel and kits
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Foreign players
All teams could register as many foreign players as they want, but could only use four on the field each game.
Players name in bold indicates the player is registered during the mid-season transfer window.
Players in italics were out of the squad or left the club within the season, after the pre-season transfer window, or in the mid-season transfer window, and at least had one appearance.
Managerial changes
League table
Results
Season statistics
Top goalscorers
Hat-tricks
Notes
4 Player scored 4 goals(H) – Home team(A) – Away team
Positions by round
Attendances
By round
Number of teams by Emirates
References
UAE Pro League seasons
1
UAE
UAE Pro League |
Lovisa von Burghausen (1698 – 20 January 1733) was a Swedish memoirist who became famous for her story about her time in captivity as a slave in Russia after being taken prisoner by the Russians during the Great Northern War. She was sold as a slave several times before she eventually recovered her freedom, and her story became perhaps the most famous of the many stories of Carolinian fates of this period.
Kidnapped
Lovisa was born in the city of Narva in Swedish Estonia, one of five daughters to the noble Swedish major Gustaf von Burghausen and Margareta von Brundert. Her father had been taking part in the defence of the city when it was taken by the Russians after the Battle of Narva (1704). During the chaotic pillage of the city, Lovisa was separated from her family and taken captive by a Russian soldier. It was a common practice for individual Russian soldiers and militaries to take civilians captive, whom they sold as slaves, and many of the citizens of Narva, both Swedes and Estonians, were to be sold at the slave markets in Russia, Persia, and the Ottoman Empire, and among the others taken captive this way during the war the future Empress Catherine I of Russia and, possibly, Yefrosinya Fedorov. Lovisa's parents and sisters were taken captive as prisoners of war and deported to Siberia.
On the way to the Russian camp, another soldier demanded to have her, and when the first one claimed that he intended to give her as a present to his captain, the second one wounded her in the chest with his sabre. She fainted and woke up in a tent, where she cried for her mother until her throat was so swollen up she lost her voice and lost consciousness.
The first master
She was taken to Moscow and given as present to the Russian general Prince Anikita Repnin. He sent her to a nunnery for her to be converted to the Russian Orthodox faith, but unable to understand Russian, she was beaten as a pagan unwilling to convert. After three months, she was released from the convent by the intervention of the Prince's mother, the dowager princess, who showed her "all the tenderness of a mother." However, the prince's wife, Princess Prascovia Narischkyn, suspected her to be spying on the Prince's private affairs and often abused her. On one occasion, Narischkyn had Lovisa hung upside down in the garden, which would have killed her had the old dowager princess not intervened once again.
She was to accompany the princely family to Ukraine in 1709 and witness the Swedish army and prisoners march in under Russian captivity in the triumph of the czar Peter the Great in Moscow. In 1710, she was married to the chamberlain of the Prince, a sixteen-year-old Swedish son of an ensign, Johan, himself a captive and fostered in the Orthodox faith. Lovisa had a daughter who died six weeks later.
In 1713, Johan died from being shot in the leg during battle. The same year, Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, hospodar of Moldavia, a Russian ally at the time, visited Moscow with his family. During a visit to the Repnins, his wife, Kassandra Cantacuzene, gave Princess Prascovia a diamond as a gift; she noticed Lovisa among the court of the princess, and Princess Prascovia then gave Lovisa to Princess Cantemir as thanks for the diamond.
Second master
Princess Cantemir died the same year, and Lovisa was poisoned by the wife of the baker of the Cantemir court, who wanted Lovisa's place for her daughter, and only with good medical help was she saved. When an Armenian Captain asked the Prince to give Lovisa to him as a wife, she escaped and, on the advice of a fellow Swedish woman employed at the court, sought refuge at the home of an English merchant in the German Quarter of Moscow.
The English merchant sent her to Archangelsk to be educated in the Protestant religion and to learn German. After seven weeks, she was reported by a German tailor, arrested by the Russian police and taken back to prince Cantemir. She was chained by her hands and feet and nails were hammered through her shoes to make it difficult for her to walk, which made her feet and legs swollen. She was put to wash clothes in a stone-kitchen so cold that her arms were covered with ice. She would have frozen to death if it were not for the daughters of the prince, Maria Cantemir and Smaragda; they bribed the guard to fold her chains in cloth, to prevent it from giving any sound, and take her up to their bedchamber at night.
Third master
In 1714, prince Cantemir traveled to Saint Petersburg and left his household under the supervision of a captain Iwanof and his wife. The wife of Iwanof took Lovisa, together with two other female slaves, one from Finland and one from Narva, to the Russian slave market in Moscow and sold them all. The Finnish woman was sold to an Armenian, the woman from Narva to a Russian clerk, and Lovisa to a Turkish merchant. She was sold for a bit of damask, a fan and a smaller sum of money. She was put among the merchandise in the sleigh of the merchant, mostly consisted of carpets, threatened with beating if she screamed, and was taken towards Tobolsk in Siberia.
During the journey, a Russian clerk saw Lovisa crying in an inn, and asked her what had happened. She told him her story, and he reported it to the voivod of Solikamsk. In Solikamsk, the voivod questioned the Turk, but let them go when the Turk told him that the person in his sleigh was an old Russian woman. They then left Solikamsk without knowing, that this was the city where the parents of Lovisa lived as prisoners of war.
At the home of the Turk in Tobolsk, Lovisa was put to hard labour and badly beaten every time she made a mistake of sheer exhaustion. Tobolsk was, however, the city in Siberia containing the largest colony of Swedish prisoners of war, who were allowed to live there quite freely. Lovisa took contact with a Swedish woman, who advised her to contact the Swedish lieutenant Magnus Vilhelm Sprengtporten; Sprengtporten had been taken prisoner at Narva the same time as Lovisa, escaped, been taken prisoner at the Battle of Poltava, lead a rebellion at Kazan and been imprisoned for seventeen months. Lovisa was later to say about him that he was her "greatest saviour next to God".
Runaway slave
One day, she left the house of the Turk to buy silk at the market, accompanied by a guard. The guard was distracted by a game of sports, and Lovisa mixed with the crowd and made contact with Sprengtporten, who took her to his friend Mattias Johan Reutercrona, where she remained hidden for eleven weeks. The Turk issued a reward of §100 and the police put a guard round the house, but Sprengporten helped her pass the guards by giving her a pack of clothes and saying that she was his maid on her way to the tailor's.
She was taken to the house of Christoffer Laudau, which were searched after a tip from a servant who wanted the reward, during which she had to hide three days in water under a tub in the basement. She was then hidden in a number of houses. Once in the house of her mother's relative, Lovisa Patkull, who lived in a house belonging to the vice governor; during a visit from the vice governor, Patkull put her in bed claiming her to be her sick niece.
Reutercrona and Sprengtporten were arrested, suspected of aiding her to escape, and she was arranged to be taken from the city to Japantskin on her way to her parents in Solikamsk by a Russian farmer; the son of the farmer, Stefan, was kept as security, and Lovisa was dressed as a boy and left with the farmer by sleigh. In a village, the villagers suspected her to be the disguised son of a noble, and planned to kill her in her sleep. A maid warned her and Lovisa jumped out of the cottage to the farmer, who was feeding the horse, and up to the sleigh, and they quickly fled from the village. During the night, they rested on the side of the road, and soon after, they heard noise and then saw the villagers hunting after them with dogs. Luckily, it was snowing, and their traces were concealed.
In Japantskin, Lovisa was taken care of by the Swedish priest Anders Bergner; the Swedish noblewoman Anna von Knorring, who was visiting her daughters in Klinov, obtained a pass for Lovisa as her niece, and they then traveled together to Solikamsk, where Lovisa was directed to her parents in the Swedish colony by the Swedish army priest Christoffer von der Heide on Christmas morning 1718.
Later life
Lovisa was now alone with her parents after all of her sisters had been married to officers. Her parents arranged for her to be instructed in Lutheranism by the priest of the Swedish colony, Lars Sandmark. In 1720, her parents forced her to marry the thirty years older priest, which she did "with childlike obedience." When the Swedish prisoners were released after the war in 1721, she followed her husband to Sweden, where he was appointed vicar in Njurunda in Medelpad. Contemporary accounts say that she made the home bright with her kindness towards others. In 1729, she became a widow, and in 1731, she married her husband's successor, Petrus Sundberg, in accordance with the cultural practice of widow conservation. She died childless in 1733 after the bad health she had after her time as a slave.
Legacy
The story of Lovisa von Burghausen was written down by "an honest man of the priest cloth" after her words and was read at her funeral. It is now kept at Biografica in Riksarkivet (the national archives) in Sweden.
In 2021 the Metal-Band Carolus released the album " To the Fallen Sons" with the song Lovisa dedicated to her.
Context
Many Swedish, Finnish and Baltic people, especially women and children, had been sold as slaves in Russia and Turkey during the Great Northern War after having been taken captive by Russian soldiers, particularly after the fall of Narva in 1704. Many were then sold in the slave market in Istanbul; from June 1710, the Swedish ambassador Thomas Funck regularly visited the slave auctions in Istanbul to buy Swedish citizens, and Sven Agrell noted that they, among others, had bought a "carpenter's daughter" from Narva for §82, a "Captain's wife" for §240, Catharina Pereswetoff-Morath, eighteen years old, for §275 and a whole family, Anders Jonsson and his wife and children, though the funds were not always enough to buy all. The people bought free were probably taken to the camp of the king Charles XII of Sweden in Moldavia and returned to Sweden with him. In the peace treaty of 1721, the Russian czar allowed all prisoners in Russia to return home, except those who had converted to the Russian religion, as this was considered to make them Russian citizens; but as the Swedish slaves had been forced to convert to the orthodox faith by their masters, they were kept in Russia. If it could be proven that they had been forced to convert, they would sometimes be let free, but forced to stay as free Russian citizens instead; the forced conversions could generally not be proven. The story of Lovisa von Burghausen is the perhaps best known of the many women being taken as slaves during this war.
See also
Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
Annika Svahn
Afrosinya
List of slaves
Footnotes
References
Åberg, Alf, Karolinska kvinnoöden ['Fates of Carolinian Women'], Natur och kultur, Stockholm, 1999
Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723. ['Misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia in 1700-1723'] Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808.
1698 births
1733 deaths
People from Narva
Baltic-German people
Swedish memoirists
18th-century Swedish women writers
18th-century Swedish writers
Swedish people of the Great Northern War
Swedish prisoners of war
Women in 18th-century warfare
18th-century Swedish people
Russian serfs
18th-century Estonian people
Prisoners of war held by Russia
Women in war in Sweden
Women memoirists
People who wrote slave narratives
18th-century slaves
18th-century memoirists |
```yaml
board:
name: esp32_devkitc_wroom
vendor: espressif
socs:
- name: esp32
``` |
Xanthomarina is a genus of bacteria from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.
References
Flavobacteria
Bacteria genera
Taxa described in 2015 |
Timoci Qiolevu Silatolu, sometimes known by his chiefly title of Ratu, is a former Fijian politician. A telecommunications engineer by profession, he originates from the Chiefly village of Lomanikoro in the province of Rewa. He is married to Salome Silatolu, a school teacher. They have four children.
Political career
As a candidate of the Fijian Association Party, Silatolu was elected to represent the Rewa Fijian Communal Constituency in the House of Representatives in the general election of 1999. Although his party formed part of the People's Coalition government that was subsequently formed, Silatolu was not appointed to the Cabinet.
Silatolu was appointed Assistant Minister of Health in the interim government organized by Laisenia Qarase in July 2000. He contested the general election held to restore democracy in September 2001 as a candidate of the Conservative Alliance, comprising mostly Speight-sympathizers, but lost his seat to his cousin, Ro Teimumu Kepa of the Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua.
Support for Unity Bill
Silatolu said that he supported the Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill, a controversial piece of legislation promoted by Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase and Attorney-General Qoriniasi Bale. The legislation would have established a Commission empowered to compensate victims and pardon perpetrators of coup-related offenses.
Coup
Silatolu was convicted of involvement in the 2000 Fijian coup d'état and was sentenced to imprisonment. At one time he was facing a death sentence. As of 2015, Silatolu is still serving his sentence.
References
I-Taukei Fijian members of the House of Representatives (Fiji)
Living people
Fijian Association Party politicians
Conservative Alliance-Matanitu Vanua politicians
Fijian chiefs
Politicians from Lomanikoro
Year of birth missing (living people) |
José Aparicio e Inglada (16 December 1773 – 10 May 1838) was a Spanish painter in the Neoclassical style; closely associated with the reign of King Ferdinand VII.
Biography
He was born in Alicante, the seventh of eight children in a middle-class family. His first artistic studies were at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos de Valencia, where he won first prize for painting in 1793.
After that, he attended the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in Madrid. In 1796, his painting of Manuel Godoy presenting Peace (the Peace of Basel) to King Carlos IV won him a grant from the King to study in Paris and Rome. In Paris, he was the first Spanish student of Jacques-Louis David. He won a gold medal for his painting "The Yellow Fever in Valencia" in 1805.
He went to Rome in 1807 and, on several occasions, refused to swear allegiance to the new King, Joseph I. Because of this, he and other like-minded Spaniards there were virtual prisoners at the Castel Sant'Angelo, until Ferdinand was restored to the throne in 1813.
After regaining his freedom, he was recalled to Spain and arrived there in 1815. After a few months, he settled in Madrid, having been appointed a court painter to Ferdinand. A year later, he began painting "The Glories of Spain", which would occupy him for two years. This was the first of a long series of works on patriotic themes.
For his best-known work, "The Landing of Ferdinand VII at the Port of Santa María", he was named an "Academician of Merit" at the Academia de San Carlos in 1829. Later, he became the Director of the Academia de San Fernando. In addition to historical paintings, he was noted for his portraits of the Spanish aristocracy and military officers.
Following Ferdinand's death in 1833, he fell out of favor with the new Liberal government, as he was considered to be a propagandist for the King. After a bout with pneumonia, he was forced into retirement and awarded a nominal pension, although he apparently had to fight to receive his payments on schedule. He died in poverty in Madrid, aged 64.
Selected paintings
References
Further reading
Adrián Espí Valdés, "José Aparicio: pintor alicantino y de corte", Instituto de Estudios Alicantinos, Vol.XXIII, 1978, pp. 7–33.
External links
"El Desaparecido Lienzo de José Aparicio: Rescate de Cautivos en Tiempos de Carlos III" by Juan de Rojas Puig @ Alicante Vivo
1773 births
1838 deaths
Court painters
18th-century Spanish painters
18th-century Spanish male artists
Spanish male painters
19th-century Spanish painters
19th-century male artists
Pupils of Jacques-Louis David
History painters
People from Alicante
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando alumni |
Charles Fehring (21 March 1899 – 30 November 1981) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond and Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
A forward, Fehring was recruited from Surreys. He was Richmond's leading goal-kicker in the 1917 VFL season, despite kicking just 14 goals, from his 11 appearances. The following year he featured just once, but played nine games for Richmond in 1919. In the fourth round of the 1919 season, he played beside his brother Arthur, the only occasion that would appear together in the same VFL game.
Fehring spent the 1920 season in the Victorian Football Association, playing with Hawthorn. He joined Essendon in 1921 and kicked four goals in each of his first two games, against Geelong and South Melbourne respectively.
References
1899 births
1981 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Australian Rules footballers: place kick exponents
Richmond Football Club players
Essendon Football Club players
Hawthorn Football Club (VFA) players
People from Clifton Hill, Victoria |
Dr. Ilkka Matti Tapani Hakalehto (1936–2009) was a Finnish historian and politician.
Hakalehto was known as a principled eurosceptic, who held that the European Union actively threatened the independence of Finland. From 1994–2004, he served as the president of the Vapaan Suomen liitto party ("Free Finland association"), formed in response to Finland's accession to the European Union in 1994. He stood as the True Finns candidate in the presidential election of 2000, achieving 1% of the vote. From 1979 onward, he had a docenture in political history at the University of Helsinki. He was also a long time member of Helsinki city council, representing first Centre Party (1972–1987) and then as independent (1987–2004).
References
Finnish politicians
2009 deaths
1936 births
Candidates for President of Finland |
```kotlin
package mega.privacy.android.app.di.photos
import dagger.Binds
import dagger.Module
import dagger.hilt.InstallIn
import dagger.hilt.android.components.ViewModelComponent
import mega.privacy.android.app.domain.usecase.DefaultGetNodeListByIds
import mega.privacy.android.app.domain.usecase.GetNodeListByIds
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultFilterCameraUploadPhotos
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultFilterCloudDrivePhotos
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultGetDefaultAlbumPhotos
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultObserveAlbumPhotosAddingProgress
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultObserveAlbumPhotosRemovingProgress
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultSetInitialCUPreferences
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultUpdateAlbumPhotosAddingProgressCompleted
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.DefaultUpdateAlbumPhotosRemovingProgressCompleted
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.FilterCameraUploadPhotos
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.FilterCloudDrivePhotos
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.GetDefaultAlbumPhotos
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.ObserveAlbumPhotosAddingProgress
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.ObserveAlbumPhotosRemovingProgress
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.SetInitialCUPreferences
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.UpdateAlbumPhotosAddingProgressCompleted
import mega.privacy.android.domain.usecase.UpdateAlbumPhotosRemovingProgressCompleted
@Module
@InstallIn(ViewModelComponent::class)
abstract class PhotosUseCases {
@Binds
abstract fun bindFilterCameraUploadPhotos(useCase: DefaultFilterCameraUploadPhotos): FilterCameraUploadPhotos
@Binds
abstract fun bindFilterCloudDrivePhotos(useCase: DefaultFilterCloudDrivePhotos): FilterCloudDrivePhotos
@Binds
abstract fun bindSetInitialCUPreferences(useCase: DefaultSetInitialCUPreferences): SetInitialCUPreferences
@Binds
abstract fun bindGetNodeListByIds(useCase: DefaultGetNodeListByIds): GetNodeListByIds
@Binds
abstract fun bindGetDefaultAlbumPhotos(useCase: DefaultGetDefaultAlbumPhotos): GetDefaultAlbumPhotos
@Binds
abstract fun bindObserveAlbumPhotosAddingProgress(useCase: DefaultObserveAlbumPhotosAddingProgress): ObserveAlbumPhotosAddingProgress
@Binds
abstract fun bindUpdateAlbumPhotosAddingProgressCompleted(useCase: DefaultUpdateAlbumPhotosAddingProgressCompleted): UpdateAlbumPhotosAddingProgressCompleted
@Binds
abstract fun bindObserveAlbumPhotosRemovingProgress(useCase: DefaultObserveAlbumPhotosRemovingProgress): ObserveAlbumPhotosRemovingProgress
@Binds
abstract fun bindUpdateAlbumPhotosRemovingProgressCompleted(useCase: DefaultUpdateAlbumPhotosRemovingProgressCompleted): UpdateAlbumPhotosRemovingProgressCompleted
}
``` |
Marcos Aurélio Titon (born 19 July 1976), known as Marcão, is a retired Brazilian footballer who last played as a defender and midfielder for Luxembourg National Division club FC Jeunesse Canach.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Paraná (state)
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Ermesinde S.C. players
S.C. Freamunde players
Segunda Divisão players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Luxembourg
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Luxembourg |
San Jose de Buenavista, officially the Municipality of San Jose de Buenavista, (; ; ), is a 1st class municipality and capital of the province of Antique, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 65,140 people, making it the most populous municipality in the province of Antique. It is often called simply San Jose.
The municipality hosted the 2017 Palarong Pambansa.
History
The Spaniards arrived in Antique in 1581. With them came Augustinian friars who Christianized the inhabitants. Its original name was Tubigon being still a part of the municipality of Hamtic.
In 1733, it was renamed San José and in 1790 it acquired its municipality through land grants issued by Philippine Governor General Félix Berenguer de Marquina. Later, it became a parish with its first parish priest, Father Manuel Ibáñez.
Some two hundred years ago, the site now occupied by San José de Buenavista was a dense jungle and a favorite landing place for pirates to raid the area.
In 1802, by popular demand, San José de Buenavista became the capital of the province of Antique and Agustín Sumandi was appointed as its first Gobernadorcillo, a sort of local governor during the Spanish Colonial Era.
On November 24, 1898, San Jose de Buenavista was captured by Philippine Revolutionary Expeditionary Forces led by Gen. Leandro Fullon from Cavite during the Battle of Antique after a 2-day struggle. The rest of the Antique province under Spanish authority surrendered to the revolutionary forces.
In 1954, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 3 of the President of the Philippines, the southern portion of San Jose de Buenavista was formed into an independent municipality under the name of Hamtic. The boundary was described to be "From a point on the south bank of the mouth of Malandog River running northeasterly in a straight imaginary line to a point on the northeast side of the San Jose-Hamtic provincial road ten meters west of the intersection of this northeast side of said road with the northwest side of the Sibalom-Piapi-Malandog provincial road; thence following approximately the same direction in an imaginary line that is parallel to, and ten meters distant from the said Sibalom-Piapi-Malandog provincial road until it touches the present boundary between San Jose and Sibalom."
The Evelio B. Javier Airport, the only airport serving commercial flights in the province of Antique, is located in San Jose.
Cityhood
In the 19th Congress of the Philippines, house bills were filed by various representatives which seeks San Jose de Buenavista including other capital towns of provinces with no current component cities, independent component cities or highly urbanized cities to automatically convert into cities.
Geography
San Jose de Buenavista is from Iloilo City, from Kalibo, and from Roxas City.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of constituting of the total area of Antique.
Climate
Barangays
San Jose de Buenavista is politically subdivided into 28 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
Demographics
In the 2020 census, San Jose de Buenavista had a population of 65,140. The population density was .
Language
Kinaray-a is the spoken language of the municipality. Kinaray-a came from the word "iraya", which refers to a group of people residing in the mountain areas of the province. Hiligaynon is spoken as a second language of the municipality.
Religion
San Jose is the Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose de Antique.
Economy
Government
Tourism
Since 1971, San Jose de Buenavista celebrates the Binirayan Festival during the final week of December. This festival involves a theatrical presentation commemorating founding of the first Malayan settlement or barangay in the country. San Jose celebrates its religious fiesta on May 1 to honor its patron saint, Saint Joseph the Worker.
Evelio Javier Freedom Park is located in front of the Antique Provincial Capitol building in San Jose de Buenavista. It is named for the late Governor Evelio Javier, who was shot by an unknown assassin on February 11, 1986. A marker in the park denotes the exact place of his death.
Old and new buildings dot the town: the Old Capitol Building; Evelio B. Javier Memorabilia (New Capitol); ADF Handicrafts; Azurin Mansion and Piedra's Restaurant; La Granja and Binirayan Hills; and the San Pedro Old Church.
Notable personalities
Jerry Navarro Elizalde - Philippine National Artist for Visual Arts - Painting
John Iremil Teodoro - Filipino writer, university professor and freelance journalist. He is also a multi-awarded poet and playwright, one of the country's leading pioneers in gay literature and the most published author in Kinaray-a to date.
Alex C. Delos Santos - a Karay-a writer and theater artist based in San Jose, Antique, the Philippines. His research and writing interests are in culture and arts and gay literature.
Richard Yee - Filipino professional basketball player who last played for the Barako Bull Energy Boosters in the Philippine Basketball Association.
Alberto A. Villavert - Filipino Politician who led the Philippine Province of Antique between 1937 and 1946 both as an appointed and elected Governor.
Sunshine Teodoro - Filipina Actress known for her work on Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story (2011), Feng Shui 2 (2014), Social Virus (2014) and Oro(2016)
Marian Capadocia - Tennis player
Jose Romeo Lazo - Archbishop of Jaro
References
External links
[ Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
Municipalities of Antique (province)
Provincial capitals of the Philippines |
The NWA International Tag Team Championship was a professional wrestling tag team championship in Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW). A secondary title after the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Georgia version), it was one of several international tag team championships recognized by the National Wrestling Alliance. It was the first NWA tag team championship to be billed as an "international" title and active from 1956 to 1963.
Some reigns were held by champions using a ring name, while others used their real name. There have been a total of 34 recognized individual champions and 23 recognized teams, who have had a combined 28 official reigns. The first champions were Fred Atkins and Ike Eakins, and the final champions were Ray Gunkel and Dick Steinborn. At 63 days, Ray Gunkel and Ron Etchison's first and only reign was the longest, while the team of Karl Heinkler and Kurt Von Brauner's reign was the shortest, at seven days.
Five teams - Don McIntyre and Red McIntyre, Freddie Blassie and Bob Shipp, Ray Gunkel and Don McIntyre, Ray Gunkel and Dick Steinborn, and Tarzan Tyler and Len Montana - are tied with the most reigns with two each. Gunkel has the most individual reigns with seven. The following is a chronological list of teams that have been International Tag Team Champions by ring name.
Title history
Footnotes
References
General
Specific
External links
NWA International Tag Team Championship (Georgia version) at Wrestlingdata.com
1956 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
1963 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Wrestling competitions in the United States
International professional wrestling championships |
Danton was a semi-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy and the lead ship of her class. She was a technological leap in battleship development for the French Navy, as she was the first ship in the fleet with turbine engines. However, like all battleships of her type, she was completed after the Royal Navy battleship , and as such she was outclassed before she was even commissioned.
During her career Danton was sent to Great Britain to honor the coronation of George V, and later served in World War I as an escort for supply ships and troop transports, guarding them from elements of the German Navy. While en route to aid a blockade, she was torpedoed and sunk on 19 March 1917 by a German U-boat, leaving 296 men dead. The location of the wreck remained a mystery until an underwater survey team inadvertently discovered the battleship in December 2007. In February 2009, the wreck was confirmed to be Danton. The ship is in remarkably good shape for her age. Danton rests upright on the ocean floor, and most of the original equipment is reported to be intact.
Design
Although the s were a significant improvement from the preceding , especially with the 3,000-ton displacement increase, they were outclassed by the advent of the dreadnought well before they were completed. This, combined with other poor traits, including the great weight in coal they had to carry, made them rather unsuccessful ships, though their numerous rapid-firing guns were of some use in the Mediterranean.
Danton was long overall and had a beam of and a full-load draft of . She displaced at full load and had a crew of 681 officers and enlisted men. She was powered by four Parsons steam turbines with twenty-six Belleville boilers, the first French warship to use turbines. They were rated at and provided a top speed of around . Coal storage amounted to .
Dantons main battery consisted of four 305mm/45 Modèle 1906 guns (12-inch) mounted in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of twelve 240mm/50 Modèle 1902 guns in twin turrets, three on either side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against torpedo boats. These included sixteen L/65 guns and ten guns. The ship was also armed with two torpedo tubes. The ship's main belt was thick and the main battery was protected by up to of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.
Service
Danton was laid down at the Arsenal de Brest in February 1906. Her launching was scheduled for May 1909, but socialist activists prevented the ship from leaving the stocks, and so the launching was delayed until on 4 July 1909. After completing fitting-out work, she was commissioned into the French Navy on 1 June 1911. A week after she was completed, she was sent to the United Kingdom in honour of the Coronation of George V in 1911. Upon her return to France, Danton was to the 1st Battleship Squadron in April 1912, along with her five sister ships. Later that year, while off Hyères in the Mediterranean, Danton suffered an explosion in one of her gun turrets, which killed three men and injured several others. In 1913, the squadron was joined by the two powerful dreadnoughts Courbet and Jean Bart.
Danton served in World War I in the French Mediterranean Fleet. At the outbreak of the war in early August 1914, she was assigned to guard convoys bringing French soldiers from North Africa, to protect from attack by the German battlecruiser and light cruiser , which were operating in the area. At the time, she remained in the 1st Battle Squadron alongside her sister ships, under the command of Vice Admiral Chocheprat. By 16 August, the French naval commander, Admiral de Lapeyrère, took the bulk of the French fleet from Malta to the entrance of the Adriatic to keep the Austro-Hungarian Navy bottled up.
Sinking
Danton, commanded by Captain Delage, was torpedoed by , commanded by Kapitänleutnant Robert Moraht, at 13:17 on 19 March 1917, south-west of Sardinia. The battleship was returning to duty from a refit in Toulon and was bound for the Greek island of Corfu to join the Allied blockade of the Strait of Otranto. Danton was carrying more men than normal, as many were crew members of other ships at Corfu, and had been zig-zagging to foil enemy submarines. The ship sank in 45 minutes; 806 men were rescued by the destroyer Massue and nearby patrol boats, but 296, including Captain Delage, went down with the ship. Massue attacked U-64 with depth charges, but the U-boat successfully evaded her attacker.
Discovery
In February 2009, it was made public that in late 2007 the wreck of the ship was discovered "in remarkable condition" during an underwater survey between Italy and Algeria for the GALSI gas pipeline. The wreck lies at , a few kilometres away from where it had been thought she sank, sitting upright with many of her gun turrets intact at a depth of over .
Footnotes
References
.
Online sources
External links
The wreck of the Danton on www.wrecksite.eu
Video of wreck BBC
Compressed version of video on original website
Danton-class battleships
Ships built in France
1909 ships
Maritime incidents in 1917
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
World War I shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
2007 archaeological discoveries |
The Upper Central Avenue Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. At the time of its nomination it consisted of 65 resources, which included 56 contributing buildings, one contributing site and eight non-contributing buildings. This six block section of Central Avenue is located on the north side of the central business district. The largely linear district includes a jog at 18th Street. Below the jog the street was originally named Clay Street and above it Couler Avenue. It was also the dividing line where all commerce used the German language exclusively to the north. At one time the street featured a streetcar route and it was a significant farm-to-market route and a gateway into the city from the north.
The period of significance for the district covers the years 1856 to 1919, but its historic commercial development occurred during the 1870s and 1880s. The buildings were constructed in brick and are largely two to three stories tall. There are also several single-story buildings and one that is four stories tall. The Italianate and the Queen Anne are dominant. Nine of the buildings are major commercial blocks. In addition to the commercial buildings, there is the two-story, brick, former Fire Engine House Number 1 that faces south at the jog in the street. The buildings in the district are considered some of the best examples of late-19th-century commercial designs in the city.
References
National Register of Historic Places in Dubuque, Iowa
Historic districts in Dubuque, Iowa
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa |
The University of Washington School of Law is the law school of the University of Washington, located on the northwest corner of the main campus in Seattle, Washington. The school is fully accredited by the American Bar Association and has been a member of the Association of American Law Schools since 1909.
The school was first organized in 1899. The current law building, the William H. Gates Hall, was completed and occupied in September 2003, funded by and named after William H. Gates Sr., the father of Microsoft-founder Bill Gates. Its architecture is modern and energy-efficient, with windows and skylights allowing natural light to fill the library and corridors. The school was previously located in the second Condon Hall from 1974–2003, located several blocks west of the main campus. From 1933-74 the law school occupied the first Condon Hall in The Quad, which was renamed "Gowen Hall" in 1974.
Admissions
For the class entering in the fall of 2013, 686 out of 2,624 J.D. applicants were offered admission (26.1%), with 143 matriculating (20.84% of those offered admission). The 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles for the 2013 entering class were 161 and 165, respectively, with a median of 164. The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.46 and 3.80, respectively, with a mean of 3.64. Washington residents made up 70.6 percent of the entering class; 27.9 percent of students were minorities.
Facilities
William H. Gates Hall opened in September 2003. The building houses classrooms, student lounge, a coffee/snack kiosk, locker areas, the Marian Gould Gallagher Law Library, and faculty, administration and student organization offices.
The Marian Gould Gallagher Law Library houses a collection of more than 650,000 volumes
In addition to an extensive research collection, it supports the Asian Law, Sustainable International Development Law, and tax graduate programs and serves as a federal depository for selected U.S. government documents. A staff of 38 facilitates access to a wide variety of legal information resources and services.
U.S. News & World Report has ranked the law librarianship program at the School at #1 in the country for the past three years.
Degrees and curriculum
The School of Law offers the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree along with Master of Laws (LL.M.), Master of Jurisprudence (M.J.) and Ph.D. degrees.
J.D. students can also choose from one of nine specializations: Asian Law, Dispute Resolution, Environmental Law, Global Business, Health Law, Intellectual Property, and International and Comparative Law, Law, Business & Entrepreneurship and Public Service Law. The Law School also offers the opportunity to undertake a concurrent degree program, such as a J.D./Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) dual degree.
The Master of Jurisprudence (M.J.) program is designed for non-lawyers who seek a deeper knowledge of law and regulations. It serves as both an introduction to law in general and a specialization in students’ specific legal interests, building useful, marketable skills and teaching students to recognize and respond to legal issues in their professional careers. The M.J. program holds several Information Sessions in Winter and Spring.
Students who already hold J.D. degrees can seek an LL.M. degree in one of the school's programs: Global Business, Intellectual Property Law and Policy, Tax, General Law, Health Law, Asian and Comparative Law, or Law of Sustainable International Development. A PhD. degree is also available in Asian and Comparative Law.
Clinical law programs and centers
The UW School of Law clinical law program started in 1979. Nearly 60% of each JD class enrolls in one of the following clinics: Berman Environmental Law, Children and Youth Advocacy, Entrepreneurial Law, Federal Tax, Immigration Law, Innocence Project Northwest, Mediation, Technology Law and Public Policy, and Tribal Court Public Defense.
The UW School is home to several centers and projects, including Global Business Law Institute, Asian Law Center, Center for Advanced Study & Research on Intellectual Property (CASRIP), Center for Law in Science and Global Health, Global Health & Justice Project, Native American Law Center, and Shidler Center for Law, Commerce & Technology.
Scholarly publications
The School has four legal publications: Washington International Law Journal, the Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy, the Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts, and Washington Law Review.
Washington Law Review
The Washington Law Review is the flagship law review at the University of Washington. The first Washington Law Review was established in 1919 and published only a single volume, while the current publication history starts in 1925. From 1936 to 1961, the journal was titled Washington Law Review and State Bar Journal. The Law Review publishes an annual volume of legal scholarship consisting of four issues.
Post-graduate employment
According to UW School of Law's official 2013 ABA-required disclosures, 64.5% of the Class of 2013 obtained full-time, long-term, bar passage-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo-practitioners. UW School of Law ranked 34th among ABA-approved law schools in terms of the percentage of 2013 graduates with non-school-funded, full-time, long-term, bar passage required jobs nine months after graduation.
UW School of Law's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 15.8%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2013 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation. 88.5% of the Class of 2013 was employed in some capacity while 2.7% were pursuing graduate degrees and 8.7% were unemployed nine months graduation.
Bar passage rate in July 2013 was 93.8%.
Costs
The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at UW School of Law for the 2013–2014 academic year is $49,734 for Washington residents and $62,775 for non-residents.
The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $207,401.
Notable alumni
Notable alumni include:
Walter M. French (1901): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Vivian Carkeek (1901): noted Seattle attorney
Walter B. Beals (1901): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Othilia Carroll Beals (1901): justice of the peace in Seattle during World War I
Takuji Yamashita (1902), Japanese American civil rights activist
Lloyd Llewellyn Black (1912): U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District and then the Eastern District of Washington
Samuel M. Driver (1916): Chief Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington
Lewis B. Schwellenbach (1917): U.S. Senator, U.S. District Court Judge for the Eastern District of Washington, and U.S. Secretary of Labor
Matthew W. Hill (1917): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Don G. Abel (1919): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Walter H. Hodge (1919): Judge, United States District Court for the District of Alaska
Arthur B. Langlie (1925): Governor of Washington
Charles L. Powell (1925): U.S. District Court Judge for the Eastern District of Washington
Joseph A. Mallery (1926): Washington Supreme Court Justice
John E. Reilly Jr. (1928): Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly and Milwaukee County judge
Warren Magnuson (1929): U.S. Senator
Marion Zioncheck (1929): U.S. Representative
Thor C. Tollefson (1930): U.S. Representative
William T. Beeks (1932): Judge, U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District of Washington
Frederick G. Hamley (1932): Washington Supreme Court Justice; Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Albert Rosellini (1933): Governor of Washington
Hugh J. Rosellini (1933): Chief Justice of the Washington Supreme Court.
Henry M. Jackson (1935): U.S. Senator
Montgomery O. Koelsch (1935): Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Eugene A. Wright (1937): Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Stanley C. Soderland (1939): Supreme Court Clerk to William O. Douglas; King County Superior Court Judge
Vern Countryman (1942): Supreme Court Clerk to William O. Douglas; Professor, Yale Law School; Dean, University of New Mexico School of Law; Royall Professor of Law, Harvard Law School
Lucile Lomen (1944): law clerk to William O. Douglas and the first woman to serve as a law clerk for a U.S. Supreme Court justice.
Donald R. Colvin (1945): law clerk to William O. Douglas
August P. Mardesich (1948): Member and majority leader of the Washington State House of Representatives
William C. Goodloe (1948): Washington Supreme Court Chief Justice
Floyd Hicks (1948): U.S. Representative
Jack Tuell (1948): United Methodist Church Bishop of Los Angeles from 1980 to 1992.
William H. Gates, Sr. (1950): Father of Microsoft founder Bill Gates. Co-founder of law firm Preston Gates & Ellis (now K&L Gates), and of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Walter T. McGovern (1950): U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District of Washington
James A. Andersen (1951): Washington Supreme Court Chief Justice
James M. Dolliver (1952): aide to Governor Daniel J. Evans and Washington Supreme Court Chief Justice
Alan A. McDonald (1952): U.S. District Court Judge for the Eastern District of Washington
Carolyn R. Dimmick (1953): U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District of Washington; first woman on the Washington Supreme Court
Wing Luke: Washington State Assistant Attorney General and first Asian American to hold elected office in Washington
Charles Z. Smith (1955): Washington State Supreme Court Justice and the state's first African American justice
Jack E. Tanner (1955): U.S. District Court Judge for the Eastern District and Western District of Washington
Betty Fletcher (1956): Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Tom Foley (1957): Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Ambassador to Japan
Joseph Jerome Farris (1958): Judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
Robert Jensen Bryan (1958): Judge, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington
William Fremming Nielsen (1962): U.S. District Court Judge for the Eastern District of Washington
Gerry L. Alexander (1964): Washington Supreme Court Chief Justice
Norm Maleng (1966): Longtime King County prosecuting attorney
Jeffrey H. Brotman (1967): Co-founder of the Costco Wholesale Corporation
Norm Dicks (1968): U.S. Representative
Lucas A. Powe Jr. (1968): Law Clerk to William O. Douglas, Professor at The University of Texas School of Law and Legal Historian
Richard B. Sanders (1969): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Tom Chambers (1969): Washington Supreme Court Justice
James M. Johnson (1970): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Johnson Toribiong (J.D., 1972; LL.M, 1973): President of Palau
Bill Foley (1974): Businessman and owner of the Vegas Golden Knights
Richard A. Jones (1975): U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District of Washington
Bobbe Bridge (1976): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Mark Sidran (1976): Former Seattle City Attorney
Robert Lasnik (1978): Chief Judge, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington
Ricardo S. Martinez (1980): U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District of Washington
Paul D. Wohlers (1982): U.S. Ambassador to Macedonia
Stanley Bastian (1983): U.S. District Court Judge for the Eastern District of Washington
Bruce Harrell (1984): Mayor of Seattle
Joseph L. Hoffmann (1984): law clerk to Justice William Rehnquist, U.S. Supreme Court, professor at Indiana University Mauer School of Law
Jenny Durkan (1985): U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Washington; First openly gay U.S. Attorney; former Mayor of Seattle
Marco A. Hernandez (1986): U.S. District Court Judge for the District of Oregon
Adam Smith (1990): U.S. Representative
Michael McGinn (1992): Mayor of Seattle
Raúl Labrador (1995): U.S. Representative
Raquel Montoya-Lewis (1995): Washington Supreme Court Justice
Stan Lippmann (1998): Perennial candidate and anti-vaccination activist.
Jill Otake (1998), U.S. District Court Judge for the District of Hawaii
David Estudillo (1999): U.S. District Court Judge for the Western District of Washington
Rod Dembowski (2001): Member, King County Council District 1
Dylan Orr (2009): First openly transgender person appointed to a U.S. presidential administration
Shon Hopwood (2014): Bank robber turned jailhouse lawyer, D.C. Circuit law clerk, and law professor at Georgetown University Law Center
See also
Dan Fenno Henderson
References
External links
UW School of Law - official site
List of AALS members
Law
Law schools in Washington (state)
Universities and colleges established in 1899
1899 establishments in Washington (state) |
Charles Van Son (23 January 1902 – 22 September 1970) was a Belgian rower. He competed in the men's coxed four event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1902 births
1970 deaths
Belgian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Belgium
Rowers at the 1928 Summer Olympics |
Bleselumab (INN; development code ASKP1240) is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the prevention of organ transplant rejection.
This drug was developed by Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Development Inc.
References
Monoclonal antibodies |
The Atef Sedki governed Egypt through three cabinets under president Hosni Mubarak between 1986 and 1996.
List of members
References
Cabinets of Egypt
1986 establishments in Egypt
1996 disestablishments in Egypt
Cabinets established in 1986
Cabinets disestablished in 1996 |
```chuck
/*++
version 3. Alternative licensing terms are available. Contact
info@minocacorp.com for details. See the LICENSE file at the root of this
project for complete licensing information.
Module Name:
Boot Configuration Library
Abstract:
This module implements the Boot Configuration Library.
Author:
Evan Green 20-Feb-2014
Environment:
Any
--*/
from menv import mconfig, kernelLibrary, staticLibrary;
function build() {
var arch = mconfig.arch;
var bconfLib;
var bconfLib32;
var buildBconfLib;
var entries;
var sources;
sources = [
"bconf.c"
];
bconfLib = {
"label": "bconf",
"inputs": sources,
};
buildBconfLib = {
"label": "build_bconf",
"output": "bconf",
"inputs": sources,
"build": true,
"prefix": "build"
};
entries = kernelLibrary(bconfLib);
entries += staticLibrary(buildBconfLib);
if (arch == "x64") {
bconfLib32 = {
"label": "bconf32",
"inputs": sources,
"prefix": "x6432",
"sources_config": {"CPPFLAGS": "-m32"}
};
entries += kernelLibrary(bconfLib32);
}
return entries;
}
``` |
Zhenfeng may refer to:
Zhenfeng County, in Guizhou, China
Zhenfeng Pagoda, in Anqing, Anhui, China |
```javascript
/* your_sha256_hash--------------
*
* # Buttons extension for Datatables. Init examples
*
* Specific JS code additions for datatable_extension_buttons_init.html page
*
* Version: 1.0
* Latest update: Nov 9, 2015
*
* your_sha256_hash------------ */
$(function() {
// Table setup
// ------------------------------
// Setting datatable defaults
$.extend( $.fn.dataTable.defaults, {
autoWidth: false,
dom: '<"datatable-header"fBl><"datatable-scroll-wrap"t><"datatable-footer"ip>',
language: {
search: '<span>Filter:</span> _INPUT_',
lengthMenu: '<span>Show:</span> _MENU_',
paginate: { 'first': 'First', 'last': 'Last', 'next': '→', 'previous': '←' }
}
});
// Basic initialization
//$('.datatable-button-init-basic').DataTable({
// buttons: {
// dom: {
// button: {
// className: 'btn btn-default'
// }
// },
// buttons: [
// {extend: 'copy'},
// {extend: 'csv'},
// {extend: 'excel'},
// {extend: 'pdf'},
// {extend: 'print'}
// ]
// }
//});
// Custom button
$('.datatable-button-init-custom').DataTable({
buttons: [
{
text: 'Custom button',
className: 'btn bg-teal-400',
action: function(e, dt, node, config) {
swal({
title: "Good job!",
text: "Custom button activated",
confirmButtonColor: "#66BB6A",
type: "success"
});
}
}
]
});
// Buttons collection
//$('.datatable-button-init-collection').DataTable({
// buttons: [
// {
// extend: 'collection',
// text: '<i class="icon-three-bars"></i> <span class="caret"></span>',
// className: 'btn bg-blue btn-icon',
// buttons: [
// {
// text: 'Toggle first name',
// action: function ( e, dt, node, config ) {
// dt.column( 0 ).visible( ! dt.column( 0 ).visible() );
// }
// },
// {
// text: 'Toggle status',
// action: function ( e, dt, node, config ) {
// dt.column( -2 ).visible( ! dt.column( -2 ).visible() );
// }
// }
// ]
// }
// ]
//});
//
//
//// Page length
//$('.datatable-button-init-length').DataTable({
// dom: '<"datatable-header"fB><"datatable-scroll-wrap"t><"datatable-footer"ip>',
// lengthMenu: [
// [ 10, 25, 50, -1 ],
// [ '10 rows', '25 rows', '50 rows', 'Show all' ]
// ],
// buttons: [
// {
// extend: 'pageLength',
// className: 'btn bg-slate-600'
// }
// ]
//});
// External table additions
// ------------------------------
// Add placeholder to the datatable filter option
$('.dataTables_filter input[type=search]').attr('placeholder','Type to filter...');
// Enable Select2 select for the length option
$('.dataTables_length select').select2({
minimumResultsForSearch: Infinity,
width: 'auto'
});
});
``` |
```c++
// [AsmJit]
// Complete JIT Assembler for C++ Language.
//
// Zlib - See COPYING file in this package.
#define ASMJIT_EXPORTS
// [Dependencies - AsmJit]
#include "../core/assert.h"
// [Api-Begin]
#include "../core/apibegin.h"
// helpers
namespace AsmJit {
// ============================================================================
// [AsmJit::Assert]
// ============================================================================
void assertionFailure(const char* file, int line, const char* exp)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"*** ASSERTION FAILURE at %s (line %d)\n"
"*** %s\n", file, line, exp);
exit(1);
}
} // AsmJit namespace
// [Api-End]
#include "../core/apiend.h"
``` |
Gokarnamatam is a village in Nizampatnam mandal, located in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a coastal area with a sea harbor nearby. The occupation of the people is mainly agriculture and fishing.
References
Villages in Guntur district |
"Boys Do Cry" is a song by Swiss singer Marius Bear which was released as a single on 8 March 2022. The song represented Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin, Italy after being internally selected by SRG SSR, Switzerland's broadcaster for the Eurovision Song Contest.
Background
According to Bear, the song is about the fact that all people feel pain, including men. The song speaks that people should not ignore feelings, and that people should encourage others do so. Bear, in an interview, said: "I learnt very early on that I don’t need to be ashamed of my feelings. As a man, I’m not afraid to cry and to lay bare my weaknesses to my audience. I don’t want to wear emotional armour, I want to be who I am. And I want to encourage my audience to do the same.”
Release
The song was released on 8 March 2022 on the Eurovision Song Contest's official YouTube channel, with a premiere livestream.
Eurovision Song Contest
Selection
In early April 2021, SRG SSR confirmed their intention to participate at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022, opening applications to be part of the selecting committee. On 16 June 2021, the broadcaster published the rules for artists to apply for its internal selection process. Submissions were open between 1 and 15 September 2021.
The selection involved a panel of 100 Swiss viewers – as selected between April and June – alongside a specialized international 23-member jury, composed of former judges in their respective countries. Each panel accounted for 50% of the voting, which was articulated in various undisclosed phases and decided the Swiss act for Eurovision before the end of the year.
Marius Bear was confirmed the entrant for Switzerland in a YouTube premiere on the Eurovision Song Contest's official channel, along with the release of "Boys Do Cry".
At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "Big Five" (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top ten countries from each semi-final progress to the final. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 25 January 2022, an allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Switzerland was placed into the first semi-final, held on 10 May 2022, and performed in the first half of the show.
Charts
References
2022 songs
2022 singles
Eurovision songs of Switzerland
Eurovision songs of 2022 |
Back to New Orleans or variants may refer to:
Back to New Orleans, The Real World: New Orleans (2010), MTV
Music
Albums
Back to New Orleans, Brownie McGhee & Sonny Terry, 1973
Take Me Back to New Orleans, Chris Barber, 1980
Goin' Back to New Orleans, Dr. John, 1992
Take Me Back to New Orleans, Gary U.S. Bonds, 1995
Songs
"Back to New Orleans" by Lightnin' Hopkins, written Brownie McGhee & Sonny Terry |
```php
<?php
namespace arrays\lazy_copy_003;
// causes lazy copy:
function foo($x)
{
echo "keyed aliased foreach enumeration:";
foreach ($x as &$v)
{
if (!is_array($v))
{
echo "- $v\n";
$v = "dummy$v";
}
}
return $x;
}
function bar($x)
{
echo "array enumeration using current(), next(), reset(), end():";
while ($val = current($x))
{
if (!is_array($val))
echo "- $val\n";
next($x);
}
$x[] = "end";// ensure the end is not array, and perform lazy copy
echo "first: " . reset($x);
echo "end: " . end($x);
return $x;
}
function test($x)
{
$x = foo($x);
$x = bar($x);
return $x;
}
$arr = array( 1,2,3, array( 4,5,6, array( 7,8,9 ) ) );
test( $arr );
print_r( $arr );
``` |
The modified Dietz method is a measure of the ex post (i.e. historical) performance of an investment portfolio in the presence of external flows. (External flows are movements of value such as transfers of cash, securities or other instruments in or out of the portfolio, with no equal simultaneous movement of value in the opposite direction, and which are not income from the investments in the portfolio, such as interest, coupons or dividends.)
To calculate the modified Dietz return, divide the gain or loss in value, net of external flows, by the average capital over the period of measurement. The average capital weights individual cash flows by the length of time between those cash flows until the end of the period. Flows which occur towards the beginning of the period have a higher weight than flows occurring towards the end. The result of the calculation is expressed as a percentage return over the holding period.
GIPS
This method for return calculation is used in modern portfolio management. It is one of the methodologies of calculating returns recommended by the Investment Performance Council (IPC) as part of their Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS). The GIPS are intended to provide consistency to the way portfolio returns are calculated internationally.
Origin
The method is named after Peter O. Dietz. The original idea behind the work of Peter Dietz was to find a quicker, less computer-intensive way of calculating an IRR as the iterative approach using the then-quite-slow computers that were available was taking a significant amount of time; the research was produced for BAI, Bank Administration institute. The modified Dietz method is a linear IRR.
Formula
The formula for the modified Dietz method is as follows:
where
is the starting market value
is the ending market value
is the net external inflow for the period (so contributions to a portfolio are treated as positive flows while withdrawals are negative flows)
and
the sum of each flow multiplied by its weight
The weight is the proportion of the time period between the point in time when the flow occurs and the end of the period. Assuming that the flow happens at the end of the day, can be calculated as
where
is the number of calendar days during the return period being calculated, which equals end date minus start date (plus 1, unless you adopt the convention that the start date is the same as the end date of the previous period)
is the number of days from the start of the return period until the day on which the flow occurred.
This assumes that the flow happens at the end of the day. If the flow happens at the beginning of the day, the flow is in the portfolio for an additional day, so use the following formula for calculating the weight:
Comparison with time-weighted return and internal rate of return
The modified Dietz method has the practical advantage over the true time-weighted rate of return method, in that the calculation of a modified Dietz return does not require portfolio valuations at each point in time whenever an external flow occurs. The internal rate of return method shares this practical advantage with the modified Dietz method.
Conversely, if there exists a portfolio valuation at any point in time, the implied modified Dietz valuation of cashflows at that point in time is quite unlikely to agree with the actual valuation.
With the advance of technology, most systems can calculate a time-weighted return by calculating a daily return and geometrically linking in order to get a monthly, quarterly, annual or any other period return. However, the modified Dietz method remains useful for performance attribution, because it still has the advantage of allowing modified Dietz returns on assets to be combined with weights in a portfolio, calculated according to average invested capital, and the weighted average gives the modified Dietz return on the portfolio. Time weighted returns do not allow this.
The modified Dietz method also has the practical advantage over internal rate of return (IRR) method that it does not require repeated trial and error to get a result.
The modified Dietz method is based upon a simple rate of interest principle. It approximates the internal rate of return method, which applies a compounding principle, but if the flows and rates of return are large enough, the results of the Modified Dietz method will significantly diverge from the internal rate of return.
The modified Dietz return is the solution to the equation:
where
is the start value
is the end value
is the total length of time period
and
is the time between the start of the period and flow
Compare this with the (unannualized) internal rate of return (IRR). The IRR (or more strictly speaking, an un-annualized holding period return version of the IRR) is a solution to the equation:
Example
Suppose the value of a portfolio is $100 at the beginning of the first year, and $300 at the end of the second year, and there is an inflow of $50 at the end of the first year/beginning of the second year. (Suppose further that neither year is a leap year, so the two years are of equal length.)
To calculate the gain or loss over the two-year period,
To calculate the average capital over the two-year period,
so the modified Dietz return is:
The (unannualized) internal rate of return in this example is 125%:
so in this case, the modified Dietz return is noticeably less than the unannualized IRR. This divergence between the modified Dietz return and the unannualized internal rate of return is due to a significant flow within the period, together with the fact that the returns are large. If there are no flows, there is no difference between the modified Dietz return, the unannualized IRR, or any other method of calculating the holding period return. If the flows are small, or if the returns themselves are small, then the difference between the modified Dietz return and the unannualized internal rate of return is small.
The IRR is 50% since:
but the unannualized holding period return, using the IRR method, is 125%. Compounding an annual rate of 50% over two periods gives a holding period return of 125%:
The simple Dietz method
The modified Dietz method is different from the simple Dietz method, in which the cash flows are weighted equally regardless of when they occurred during the measurement period. The simple Dietz method is a special case of the Modified Dietz method, in which external flows are assumed to occur at the midpoint of the period, or equivalently, spread evenly throughout the period, whereas no such assumption is made when using the Modified Dietz method, and the timing of any external flows is taken into account.
Note that in the example above, the flow occurs midway through the overall period, which matches the assumption underlying the simple Dietz method. This means the simple Dietz return and modified Dietz return are the same in this particular example.
Adjustments
If either the start or the end value is zero, or both, the start and/or end dates need to be adjusted to cover the period over which the portfolio has content.
Example
Suppose we are calculating the 2016 calendar year return, and that the portfolio is empty until a transfer in of EUR 1m cash in a non-interest bearing account on Friday 30 December. By the end of the day on Saturday 31 December 2016, the exchange rate between euros and Hong Kong dollars has changed from 8.1 HKD per EUR to 8.181, which is a 1 percent increase in value, measured in Hong Kong dollar terms, so the right answer to the question of what is the return in Hong Kong dollars is intuitively 1 percent.
However, blindly applying the modified Dietz formula, using an end-of-day transaction timing assumption, the day-weighting on the inflow of 8.1m HKD on 30 December, one day before the end of the year, is 1/366, and the average capital is calculated as:
+ inflow × = 0 + 8.1m × 1/366 = 22,131.15
and the gain is:
- - = 8,181,000 - 0 - 8,100,000 = 81,000
so the modified Dietz return is calculated as:
= = 366 %
So which is the correct return, 1 percent or 366 percent?
Adjusted time interval
The only sensible answer to the example above is that the holding period return is unambiguously 1 percent. This means the start date should be adjusted to the date of the initial external flow. Likewise, if the portfolio is empty at the end of the period, the end date should be adjusted to the final external flow. The end value is effectively the final external flow, not zero.
The return annualized using a simple method of multiplying-up 1 percent per day by the number of days in the year will give the answer 366 percent, but the holding period return is still 1 percent.
Example corrected
The example above is corrected if the start date is adjusted to the end of the day on 30 December, and the start value is now 8.1m HKD. There are no external flows thereafter.
The corrected gain or loss is the same as before:
- = 8,181,000 - 8,100,000 = 81,000
but the corrected average capital is now:
+ = 8.1m
so the corrected modified Dietz return is now:
= = 1 %
Second example
Suppose that a bond is bought for HKD 1,128,728 including accrued interest and commission on trade date 14 November, and sold again three days later on trade date 17 November for HKD 1,125,990 (again, net of accrued interest and commission). Assuming transactions take place at the start of the day, what is the modified Dietz holding-period return in HKD for this bond holding over the year to-date until the end-of-day on 17 November?
Answer
The answer is that firstly, the reference to the holding period year to-date until the end-of-day on 17 November includes both the purchase and the sale. This means the effective adjusted holding period is actually from the purchase at the start of the day on 14 November until it is sold three days later on 17 November. The adjusted start value is the net amount of the purchase, the end value is the net amount of the sale, and there are no other external flows.
= 1,128,728
= 1,125,990
There are no flows, so the gain or loss is:
- = 1,125,990 - 1,128,728 = -2,738
and the average capital equals the start value, so the modified Dietz return is:
= = -0.24 % 2 d.p.
Contributions - when not to adjust the holding period
This method of restricting the calculation to the actual holding period by applying an adjusted start or end date applies when the return is calculated on an investment in isolation. When the investment belongs inside a portfolio, and the weight of the investment in the portfolio, and the contribution of that return to that of the portfolio as a whole is required, it is necessary to compare like with like, in terms of a common holding period.
Example
Suppose that at the beginning of the year, a portfolio contains cash, of value $10,000, in an account which bears interest without any charges. At the beginning of the fourth quarter, $8,000 of that cash is invested in some US dollar shares (in company X). The investor applies a buy-and-hold strategy, and there are no further transactions for the remainder of the year. At the end of the year, the shares have increased in value by 10% to $8,800, and $100 interest is capitalized into the cash account.
What is the return on the portfolio over the year? What are the contributions from the cash account and the shares? Furthermore, what is the return on the cash account?
Answer
The end value of the portfolio is $2,100 in cash, plus shares worth $8,800, which is in total $10,900. There has been a 9 percent increase in value since the beginning of the year. There are no external flows in or out of the portfolio over the year.
= 0
so
= = $10,000
so the return is:
= = 9 %
This 9% portfolio return breaks down between 8 percent contribution from the $800 earned on the shares and 1 percent contribution from the $100 interest earned on the cash account, but how more generally can we calculate contributions?
The first step is to calculate the average capital in each of the cash account and the shares over the full year period. These should sum to the $10,000 average capital of the portfolio as a whole. From the average capital of each of the two components of the portfolio, we can calculate weights. The weight of the cash account is the average capital of the cash account, divided by the average capital ($10,000) of the portfolio, and the weight of the shares is the average capital of the shares over the whole year, divided by the average capital of the portfolio.
For convenience, we will assume the time weight of the outflow of $8,000 cash to pay for the shares is exactly 1/4. This means that the four quarters of the year are treated as having equal length.
The average capital of the cash account is:
= - ×
= 10,000 - × $8,000
= 10,000 - $2,000
= $8,000
The average capital of the shares over the last quarter requires no calculation, because there are no flows after the beginning of the last quarter. It is the $8,000 invested in the shares. However, the average capital in the shares over the whole year is something else. The start value of the shares at the beginning of the year was zero, and there was an inflow of $8,000 at the beginning of the last quarter, so:
= - ×
= 0 + × $8,000
= $2,000
We can see immediately that the weight of the cash account in the portfolio over the year was:
=
= 80 %
and the weight of the shares was:
=
= 20 %
which sum to 100 percent.
We can calculate the return on the cash account, which was:
= = 1.25 %
The contribution to the portfolio return is:
× return = 80 % × 1.25 % = 1 %
How about the contribution to the portfolio return from the shares?
The adjusted holding period return on the shares is 10 percent. If we multiply this by the 20 percent weight of the shares in the portfolio, the result is only 2 percent, but the correct contribution is 8 percent.
The answer is to use the return on the shares over the unadjusted full-year period to calculate the contribution:
=
=
= 40 %
Then the contribution from the shares to the portfolio return is:
×
= 20% × 40 % = 8 %
This does not mean that the correct holding period return on the shares is 40 percent, but for calculation of the contribution, use the unadjusted period return, which is the 40 percent figure, not the actual 10 percent holding period return.
Fees
To measure returns net of fees, allow the value of the portfolio to be reduced by the amount of the fees. To calculate returns gross of fees, compensate for them by treating them as an external flow, and exclude accrued fees from valuations.
Annual rate of return
Note that the Modified Dietz return is a holding-period return, not an annual rate of return, unless the period happens to be one year. Annualisation, which is conversion of the holding-period return to an annual rate of return, is a separate process.
Money-weighted return
The modified Dietz method is an example of a money (or dollar) weighted methodology (as opposed to time-weighted). In particular, if the modified Dietz return on two portfolios are and , measured over a common matching time interval, then the modified Dietz return on the two portfolios put together over the same time interval is the weighted average of the two returns:
where the weights of the portfolios depend on the average capital over the time interval:
Linked return versus true time-weighted return
An alternative to the modified Dietz method is to link geometrically the modified Dietz returns for shorter periods. The linked modified Dietz method is classed as a time-weighted method, but it does not produce the same results as the true time weighted method, which requires valuations at the time of each cash flow.
Issues
Problems with timing assumptions
There are sometimes difficulties when calculating or decomposing portfolio returns, if all transactions are treated as occurring at a single time of day, such as the end of the day or beginning of the day. Whatever method is applied to calculate returns, an assumption that all transactions take place simultaneously at a single point in time each day can lead to errors.
For example, consider a scenario where a portfolio is empty at the start of a day, so that the start value A is zero. There is then an external inflow during that day of F = $100. By the close of the day, market prices have moved, and the end value is $99.
If all transactions are treated as occurring at the end of the day, then there is zero start value A, and zero value for average capital, because the day-weight on the inflow is zero, so no modified Dietz return can be calculated.
Some such problems are resolved if the modified Dietz method is further adjusted so as to put purchases at the open and sales at the close, but more sophisticated exception-handling produces better results.
There are sometimes other difficulties when decomposing portfolio returns, if all transactions are treated as occurring at a single point during the day.
For example, consider a fund opening with just $100 of a single stock that is sold for $110 during the day. During the same day, another stock is purchased for $110, closing with a value of $120. The returns on each stock are 10% and 120/110 - 1 = 9.0909% (4 d.p.) and the portfolio return is 20%. The asset weights wi (as opposed to the time weights Wi) required to get the returns for these two assets to roll up to the portfolio return are 1200% for the first stock and a negative 1100% for the second:
w*10/100 + (1-w)*10/110 = 20/100 → w = 12.
Such weights are absurd, because the second stock is not held short.
The problem only arises because the day is treated as a single, discrete time interval.
Negative or zero average capital
In normal circumstances, average capital is positive. When an intra-period outflow is large and early enough, average capital can be negative or zero. Negative average capital causes the Modified Dietz return to be negative when there is a profit, and positive when there is a loss. This resembles the behaviour of a liability or short position, even if the investment is not actually a liability or a short position. In cases where the average capital is zero, no Modified Dietz return can be calculated. If the average capital is close to zero, the Modified Dietz return will be large (large and positive, or large and negative).
One partial workaround solution involves as a first step, to capture the exception, detecting for example when the start value (or first inflow) is positive, and the average capital is negative. Then in this case, use the simple return method, adjusting the end value for outflows. This is equivalent to the sum of constituent contributions, where the contributions are based on simple returns and weights depending on start values.
Example
For example, in a scenario where only part of the holdings are sold, for significantly more than the total starting value, relatively early in the period:
At the start of Day 1, the number of shares is 100
At the start of Day 1, the share price is 10 dollars
Start value = 1,000 dollars
At the end of Day 5, 80 shares are sold at 15 dollars per share
At the end of Day 40, the remaining 20 shares are worth 12.50 dollars per share
The gain or loss is end value - start value + outflow:
There is a gain, and the position is long, so we would intuitively expect a positive return.
The average capital in this case is:
The modified Dietz return in this case goes awry, because the average capital is negative, even though this is a long position. The Modified Dietz return in this case is:
Instead, we notice that the start value is positive, but the average capital is negative. Furthermore, there is no short sale. In other words, at all times, the number of shares held is positive.
We then measure the simple return from the shares sold:
and from the shares still held at the end:
and combine these returns with the weights of these two portions of the shares within the starting position, which are:
and respectively.
This gives the contributions to the overall return, which are:
and respectively.
The sum of these contributions is the return:
This is equivalent to the simple return, adjusting the end value for outflows:
Limitations
This workaround has limitations. It is possible only if the holdings can be split up like this.
It is not ideal, for two further reasons, which are that it does not cover all cases, and it is inconsistent with the Modified Dietz method. Combined with Modified Dietz contributions for other assets, the sum of constituent contributions will fail to add up to the overall return.
Another situation in which average capital can be negative is short selling. Instead of investing by buying shares, shares are borrowed and then sold. A decline in the share price results in a profit instead of a loss. The position is a liability instead of an asset. If the profit is positive, and the average capital is negative, the Modified Dietz return is negative, indicating that although the number of shares is unchanged, the absolute value of the liability has shrunk.
In the case of a purchase, followed by a sale of more shares than had been bought, resulting in a short position (a negative number of shares), the average capital can also be negative. What was an asset at the time of the purchase became a liability after the sale. The interpretation of the Modified Dietz return varies from one situation to another.
Visual Basic
Function georet_MD(myDates, myReturns, FlowMap, scaler)
' This function calculates the modified Dietz return of a time series
'
' Inputs.
' myDates. Tx1 vector of dates
' myReturns. Tx1 vector of financial returns
' FlowMap. Nx2 matrix of Dates (left column) and flows (right column)
' scaler. Scales the returns to the appropriate frequency
'
' Outputs.
' Modified Dietz Returns.
'
' Note that all the dates of the flows need to exist in the date vector that is provided.
' when a flow is entered, it only starts accumulating after 1 period.
'
Dim i, j, T, N As Long
Dim matchFlows(), Tflows(), cumFlows() As Double
Dim np As Long
Dim AvFlows, TotFlows As Double
' Get dimensions
If StrComp(TypeName(myDates), "Range") = 0 Then
T = myDates.Rows.Count
Else
T = UBound(myDates, 1)
End If
If StrComp(TypeName(FlowMap), "Range") = 0 Then
N = FlowMap.Rows.Count
Else
N = UBound(FlowMap, 1)
End If
' Redim arrays
ReDim cumFlows(1 To T, 1 To 1)
ReDim matchFlows(1 To T, 1 To 1)
ReDim Tflows(1 To T, 1 To 1)
' Create a vector of Flows
For i = 1 To N
j = Application.WorksheetFunction.Match(FlowMap(i, 1), myDates, True)
matchFlows(j, 1) = FlowMap(i, 2)
Tflows(j, 1) = 1 - (FlowMap(i, 1) - FlowMap(1, 1)) / (myDates(T, 1) - FlowMap(1, 1))
If i = 1 Then np = T - j
Next i
' Cumulated Flows
For i = 1 To T
If i = 1 Then
cumFlows(i, 1) = matchFlows(i, 1)
Else
cumFlows(i, 1) = cumFlows(i - 1, 1) * (1 + myReturns(i, 1)) + matchFlows(i, 1)
End If
Next i
AvFlows = Application.WorksheetFunction.SumProduct(matchFlows, Tflows)
TotFlows = Application.WorksheetFunction.Sum(matchFlows)
georet_MD = (1 + (cumFlows(T, 1) - TotFlows) / AvFlows) ^ (scaler / np) - 1
End Function
Java method for modified Dietz return
private static double modifiedDietz (double emv, double bmv, double cashFlow[], int numCD, int numD[]) {
/* emv: Ending Market Value
* bmv: Beginning Market Value
* cashFlow[]: Cash Flow
* numCD: actual number of days in the period
* numD[]: number of days between beginning of the period and date of cashFlow[]
*/
double md = -99999; // initialize modified dietz with a debugging number
try {
double[] weight = new double[cashFlow.length];
if (numCD <= 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException ("numCD <= 0");
}
for (int i=0; i<cashFlow.length; i++) {
if (numD[i] < 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException ("numD[i]<0 , " + "i=" + i);
}
weight[i] = (double) (numCD - numD[i]) / numCD;
}
double ttwcf = 0; // total time weighted cash flows
for (int i=0; i<cashFlow.length; i++) {
ttwcf += weight[i] * cashFlow[i];
}
double tncf = 0; // total net cash flows
for (int i=0; i<cashFlow.length; i++) {
tncf += cashFlow[i];
}
md = (emv - bmv - tncf) / (bmv + ttwcf);
}
catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (ArithmeticException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return md;
}
Excel VBA function for modified Dietz return
Public Function MDIETZ(dStartValue As Double, dEndValue As Double, iPeriod As Integer, rCash As Range, rDays As Range) As Double
'Jelle-Jeroen Lamkamp 10 Jan 2008
Dim i As Integer: Dim Cash() As Double: Dim Days() As Integer
Dim Cell As Range: Dim SumCash As Double: Dim TempSum As Double
'Some error trapping
If rCash.Cells.Count <> rDays.Cells.Count Then MDIETZ = CVErr(xlErrValue): Exit Function
If Application.WorksheetFunction.Max(rDays) > iPeriod Then MDIETZ = CVErr(xlErrValue): Exit Function
ReDim Cash(rCash.Cells.Count - 1)
ReDim Days(rDays.Cells.Count - 1)
i = 0
For Each Cell In rCash
Cash(i) = Cell.Value: i = i + 1
Next Cell
i = 0
For Each Cell In rDays
Days(i) = Cell.Value: i = i + 1
Next Cell
SumCash = Application.WorksheetFunction.Sum(rCash)
TempSum = 0
For i = 0 To (rCash.Cells.Count - 1)
TempSum = TempSum + (((iPeriod - Days(i)) / iPeriod) * Cash(i))
Next i
MDIETZ = (dEndValue - dStartValue - SumCash) / (dStartValue + TempSum)
End Function
See also
Accounting rate of return
Capital budgeting
Internal rate of return
Rate of return
Simple Dietz method
Time-weighted return
References
Further reading
Carl Bacon. Practical Portfolio Performance Measurement and Attribution. West Sussex: Wiley, 2003.
Bruce J. Feibel. Investment Performance Measurement. New York: Wiley, 2003.
Christopherson, Jon A. et al. Portfolio Performance Measurement and Benchmarking. McGraw-Hill, 2009.
Finance theories
Investment
Mathematical finance |
The Emperor's Candlesticks (German: Die Leuchter des Kaisers) is a 1936 Austrian historical adventure film directed by Karl Hartl and starring Sybille Schmitz, Karl Ludwig Diehl and Friedl Czepa. It is an adaptation of Baroness Orczy's 1899 novel The Emperor's Candlesticks. A Hollywood film version of the story The Emperor's Candlesticks was released the following year.
It was shot at Sascha Film's Sievering Studios and Rosenhügel Studios in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Kurt Herlth, Werner Schlichting and Emil Stepanek. It premiered at the Gloria-Palast in Berlin, and a month later in Vienna.
Plot summary
Cast
Sybille Schmitz as Anna Demidow
Karl Ludwig Diehl as Georg Wolenski
Friedl Czepa as Maria
Inge List as Zofe bei Anna Demidow
Anton Edthofer as Erzherzog Ludwig
Max Gülstorff as Graf Surowkin
Johannes Heesters as Grossfürst Peter Alexandrowitsch
Fritz Rasp as Stanislaus
Heinrich Schroth as Der Führer der Verschworenen
Jane Tilden as Ein Stubenmädchen
Hans Unterkircher
Fritz Imhoff
Reinhold Häussermann
Hans Siebert
Babette Devrient
Wilhelm Schich
Dora Seifert
Otto Storm
Robert Valberg
Kurt von Lessen
Reception
Writing for The Spectator in 1936, Graham Greene gave the film a mildly good review, summarizing the audience experience as "good direction, fair acting, and the attractively Baker Street dresses make this a pleasant film to doze at."
References
Bibliography
Bock, Hans-Michael & Bergfelder, Tim. The Concise Cinegraph: Encyclopaedia of German Cinema. Berghahn Books, 2009.
Von Dassanowsky, Robert. Screening Transcendence: Film Under Austrofascism and the Hollywood Hope, 1933-1938. Indiana University Press, 2018
External links
1936 films
1930s German-language films
Films directed by Karl Hartl
Austrian black-and-white films
1930s historical adventure films
Austrian historical adventure films
Films set in the 19th century
Films shot at Rosenhügel Studios
Films shot at Sievering Studios
Films based on British novels
Films set in Vienna |
Membrane glycoproteins are membrane proteins which play important roles in cell recognition.
Examples include:
Fibronectin
Laminin
Osteonectin
See also
Glycocalyx
External links
Glycoproteins |
Tamilla Sujaevna Agamirova (Russian: Тамилла Суджаевна Агамирова, 21 May 1928 – 31 August 2021) was a Soviet and Azerbaijani film and theatre actress, and the wife of the chief director of the Romen Theatre, Nikolai Slichenko.
Biography
Agamirova was born in Baku in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in 1928 and graduated from the Baku Theater Institute, now known as the Azerbaijan State University of Culture and Arts, in 1951. Since 1952, she performed in the Romen Theater in more than 50 different roles in Russian and foreign performances. Her first role on stage at the Romen was in the play Stubborn Hearts, for which she was nominated for the Stalin Prize. Agamirova died on 31 August 2021 at the age of 93.
Awards and honours
In 2019, she was awarded the Order of Honor for "a great contribution to the development of national culture and art".
Partial filmography
Don Quixote
Matteo Falcone
References
External links
1928 births
2021 deaths
Actors from Baku
Russian film actresses
Russian people of Azerbaijani descent
Azerbaijan State University of Culture and Arts alumni
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Russian stage actresses
20th-century Russian actresses |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="path_to_url"><head><title>Sito (owl.Owl_regression.S.Optimise.Algodiff.Builder.Sito)</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../../odoc.support/odoc.css"/><meta name="generator" content="odoc 2.4.2"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"/><script src="../../../../../../../odoc.support/highlight.pack.js"></script><script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script></head><body class="odoc"><nav class="odoc-nav"><a href="../index.html">Up</a> <a href="../../../../../../index.html">owl</a> » <a href="../../../../../index.html">Owl_regression</a> » <a href="../../../../index.html">S</a> » <a href="../../../index.html">Optimise</a> » <a href="../../index.html">Algodiff</a> » <a href="../index.html">Builder</a> » Sito</nav><header class="odoc-preamble"><h1>Module type <code><span>Builder.Sito</span></code></h1></header><div class="odoc-content"><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-label"><a href="#val-label" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> label : string</span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-ff_f"><a href="#val-ff_f" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> ff_f : <span><a href="../../A/index.html#type-elt">A.elt</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> * <a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> * <a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-ff_arr"><a href="#val-ff_arr" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> ff_arr : <span><a href="../../A/index.html#type-arr">A.arr</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> * <a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> * <a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-df"><a href="#val-df" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> df : <span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span> <a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div><div class="odoc-spec"><div class="spec value anchored" id="val-dr"><a href="#val-dr" class="anchor"></a><code><span><span class="keyword">val</span> dr :
<span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span>
<span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="arrow">-></span></span>
<span><span>(<span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.ref</span> * <span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.ref</span> * <span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.ref</span>)</span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span>
<span><span>(<span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.ref</span> * <span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.ref</span> * <span><a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a> <span class="xref-unresolved">Stdlib</span>.ref</span>)</span> <span class="arrow">-></span></span>
<a href="../../index.html#type-t">t</a></span></code></div></div></div></body></html>
``` |
Microdes squamulata is a species of moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Australia, including Tasmania.
References
Eupitheciini
Moths of Australia
Moths described in 1857 |
```java
/*******************************************************************************
*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
* of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
* so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
* COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
* WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* Contributors:
* Markus Alexander Kuppe - initial API and implementation
******************************************************************************/
package tlc2.tool;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import org.junit.Test;
import tlc2.output.EC;
import tlc2.output.EC.ExitStatus;
import tlc2.tool.liveness.ModelCheckerTestCase;
public class Github696bTest extends ModelCheckerTestCase {
public Github696bTest() {
super("Github696b", ExitStatus.ERROR);
}
@Test
public void testSpec() {
assertTrue(recorder.recorded(EC.TLC_FINISHED));
assertTrue(recorder.recordedWithStringValues(EC.GENERAL,
"TLC threw an unexpected exception.\n"
+ "This was probably caused by an error in the spec or model.\n"
+ "See the User Output or TLC Console for clues to what happened.\n"
+ "The exception was a java.lang.RuntimeException\n"
+ ": Attempted to compare the differently-typed model values B_a and A_a"));
}
}
``` |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package openvpn
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"strings"
kubermaticv1 "k8c.io/kubermatic/v2/pkg/apis/kubermatic/v1"
"k8c.io/kubermatic/v2/pkg/resources"
"k8c.io/reconciler/pkg/reconciling"
corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
)
type serverClientConfigsData interface {
Cluster() *kubermaticv1.Cluster
NodeAccessNetwork() string
}
// ServerClientConfigsConfigMapReconciler returns a ConfigMap containing the ClientConfig for the OpenVPN server. It lives inside the seed-cluster.
func ServerClientConfigsConfigMapReconciler(data serverClientConfigsData) reconciling.NamedConfigMapReconcilerFactory {
return func() (string, reconciling.ConfigMapReconciler) {
return resources.OpenVPNClientConfigsConfigMapName, func(cm *corev1.ConfigMap) (*corev1.ConfigMap, error) {
cm.Labels = resources.BaseAppLabels(name, nil)
var iroutes []string
// iroute for pod network
if len(data.Cluster().Spec.ClusterNetwork.Pods.CIDRBlocks) < 1 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cluster.Spec.ClusterNetwork.Pods.CIDRBlocks must contain at least one entry")
}
_, podNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(data.Cluster().Spec.ClusterNetwork.Pods.CIDRBlocks[0])
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
iroutes = append(iroutes, fmt.Sprintf("iroute %s %s",
podNet.IP.String(),
net.IP(podNet.Mask).String()))
// iroute for service network
if len(data.Cluster().Spec.ClusterNetwork.Services.CIDRBlocks) < 1 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cluster.Spec.ClusterNetwork.Services.CIDRBlocks must contain at least one entry")
}
_, serviceNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(data.Cluster().Spec.ClusterNetwork.Services.CIDRBlocks[0])
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
iroutes = append(iroutes, fmt.Sprintf("iroute %s %s",
serviceNet.IP.String(),
net.IP(serviceNet.Mask).String()))
_, nodeAccessNetwork, err := net.ParseCIDR(data.NodeAccessNetwork())
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse node access network %s: %w", data.NodeAccessNetwork(), err)
}
iroutes = append(iroutes, fmt.Sprintf("iroute %s %s",
nodeAccessNetwork.IP.String(),
net.IP(nodeAccessNetwork.Mask).String()))
if cm.Data == nil {
cm.Data = map[string]string{}
}
// trailing newline
iroutes = append(iroutes, "")
cm.Data["user-cluster-client"] = strings.Join(iroutes, "\n")
return cm, nil
}
}
}
``` |
The Cape galaxias (Galaxias zebratus) is a species of freshwater fish of the family Galaxiidae.
It is a small fish, rarely larger than 6 cm, that inhabits clear streams, rivers and ponds of South Africa. It shares the same habitat as imported trout and bass species and has been identified as prey. The numbers of this relatively delicate fish have declined around Cape Town. Although in South Africa it was at one time classified as near threatened, in Australia species of the same genus were driven to extinction by competing salmonids and other introduced species of fish. It is now classified as "Data Deficient" on the grounds that the taxonomic status of the species complex is unclear.
Description
The Cape galaxias is a small slender fish with a cylindrical body and no scales. It has a single dorsal fin with 9 to 13 soft rays set well back on the body and just above the anal fin which has a similar number of rays. It is silvery in colour and the internal organs can be seen through the skin.
Distribution and habitat
Genus Galaxias is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere and the Cape galaxias is unique because it is the only species of the genus found in the African continent.
It is endemic to the Western Cape region in South Africa and the first specimen caught by scientists was captured in the Cape Flats area in 1861. For a long time it was believed that the distribution of this fish species was restricted to the Western Cape, within an area ranging between the Keurbooms River and the Olifants River. However, since 1995 it has been also found in the Krom River as well as in the Gamtoos River system of the Eastern Cape. Some of the taxa in the complex are found in clear mountain streams with low dissolved mineral levels but others seem to prefer lowland streams that can be turbid and have high levels of dissolved minerals.
References
External links
Invasion biology
Galaxias
Taxa named by François-Louis Laporte, comte de Castelnau
Freshwater fish of South Africa
Fish described in 1861 |
Joe Carlisle (born 4 December 1987) is an English rugby union player for Rotherham Titans in National League 2 North.
Joe is a Worcester Warriors Academy product who made his league debut for Warriors in 2008 before appearing off the bench in the European Challenge Cup final against Bath Rugby at Kingsholm his mother is called Louise carlisle
The Swindon-born player enjoyed a most successful season at Sixways during the 2010/11 campaign, racking-up thirty-three appearances and 212 points.
The points-tally included a stunning twenty-eight point haul against Newport RFC in the British & Irish Cup.
During the 2012/13 season, Carlisle went two better as he scored a sensational thirty points against Femi-CZ VEA Rovigo in the Amlin Challenge Cup.
With that total, he also became Warriors' highest ever individual points scorer in a European game, beating previous record holder's Shane Drahn who scored twenty-one points in 2008.
Predominantly a fly half, Carlisle can also play at centre.
In January 2013, it was announced that Carlisle will join Wasps ahead of the 2013-14 season. After he left Wasps, Carlisle joined Italy region Benetton Treviso.
On 29 April 2015, Carlisle returns to England to join London Welsh in the RFU Championship from the 2015-16 season.
On 29 Décember 2016, Joe move to USA Perpignan, in France (Pro D2). Carlisle returned to England to join third division club Old Elthamians in National League 1 from the 2017-18 season.
On 16 September 2019, Carlisle returns to the RFU Championship with Yorkshire Carnegie from the 2019-20 season.
References
External links
Worcester Warriors Profile
London Welsh Profile
1987 births
Living people
Worcester Warriors players
Coventry R.F.C. players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union players from Swindon |
Guanyindong () or Guanyin Cave is a Palaeolithic cave site, discovered in 1964 by archaeologist Pei Wenzhong in Qianxi County, Guizhou, China.
During several archaeological excavations in the 1960s and 1970s, most of the material remains were gathered from the cave entrance. About one-third of the artifacts were extracted from the upper layer which is called "Layer 2" or "Group A" by archaeologist Prof. Li Yanxian, and the rest of them were conducted from the lower layers- "Layers 4–8" or "Group B". According to Associate Professor Bo Li, besides a number of non-Levallois flakes, archaeologists examined more than 2000 stone artifacts from Guanyindong and revealed proof of Levallois concepts on 45 samples (including cores, flakes and tools).
It contains the earliest evidence of stone artefacts made using the Levallois technique in China. In November 2018, the discovery of these stones dated to approximately 170,000-80,000 years ago were announced by the University of Wollongong.
The site has been on the List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Guizhou Qianxi Guanyin dong yizhi () since 2001.
References
External links
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Guizhou
Paleolithic sites in China
Caves of Guizhou |
Entedoninae is a subfamily of wasps in the family Eulophidae. The subfamily includes over 90 genera.
Genera
The following genera are included in the subfamily Entendoninae:
Acanthala Hansson, 2000
Achrysocharoides Girault, 1913
Afrotroppopsis Gumovsky, 2007
Aleuroctonus LaSalle and Schauff, 1994
Ambocybe Ubaidillah and LaSalle, 2000
Ametallon Ashmead, 1904
Apleurotropis Girault, 1913
Asecodes Förster, 1856
Astichomyiia Girault, 1917
Baeoentedon Girault, 1915
Bridarolliella De Santis, 1949
Cabeza Hansson and LaSalle, 2003
Ceranisus Walker, 1842
Chrysocharis Förster, 1856
Chrysocharodes Ashmead, 1894
Chrysonotomyia Ashmead, 1904
Closterocerus Westwood, 1833
Clypecharis Gumovsky, 2003
Clypomphale Boucek, 1988
Colpixys Waterston, 1916
Cornugon Hansson, 2011
Dasyomphale LaSalle and Schauff, 1994
Davincia Girault, 1924
Dentalion Hansson, 2011
Derostenoides Girault, 1915
Derostenus Westwood, 1833
Dinopteridion Hansson, 2004
Driopteron Hansson, 2004
Dubeyiella Khan, Agnohitri and Sushil, 2005
Emersonella Girault, 1916
Encyrtomphale Girault, 1915
Entedon Dalman, 1820
Entedonomphale Girault, 1915
Entedononecremnus Girault, 1915
Epichrysoatomus Girault, 1916
Eprhopalotus Girault, 1916
Euderomphale Girault, 1916
Goetheana Girault, 1920
Grassator De Santis, 1948
Hakuna Gumovsky and Boucek, 2006
Holarcticesa Koçak and Kemal, 2010
Horismenoides Girault, 1913
Horismenus Walker, 1843
Inti Hansson, 2010
Ionympha Graham, 1959
Itahipeus Hansson and LaSalle, 2003
Janicharis Gumovsky and Delvare, 2006
Klyngon Hansson, 2005
Kokandia Efremova and Kriskovich, 1995
Mestocharis Förster, 1878
Microdonophagus Schauff, 1986
Monteithius Boucek, 1988
Monterrondo Hansson and LaSalle, 2003
Myrmobomyia Gumovsky and Boucek, 2005
Myrmokata Boucek, 1972
Neochrysocharis Kurdjumov, 1912
Neopediobopsis Narendran, 1994
Neopomphale LaSalle and Schauff, 1994
Obesulus Boucek, 1988
Omphale Haliday, 1833
Omphalentedon Girault, 1915
Oradis Hansson, 2002
Paphagus Walker, 1843
Paracrias Ashmead, 1904
Parahorismenus Girault, 1915
Parzaommomyia Girault, 1915
Pediobius Walker, 1846
Pediobomyia Girault, 1913
Pediobopsis Girault, 1913
Pediocharis Boucek, 1988
Pelorotelus Ashmead, 1904
Perditorulus Hansson, 1996
Piekna Boucek, 1988
Platocharis Kerrich, 1969
Pleurotropopseus Girault, 1913
Pleurotroppopsis Girault, 1913
Pomphale Husain, Rauf and Kudeshia, 1983
Proacrias H. von Ihering, 1914
Rhynchentedon Girault, 1919
Sanyangia Yang, 1996
Sarasvatia Hedqvist, 1976
Schizocharis Kerrich, 1969
Shardiella Sushil and Khan, 1997
Sifraneurus Hansson and LaSalle, 2003
Sporrongia Gumovsky, 1998
Tanava Brèthes, 1918
Thripobius Ferrière, 1938
Tropicharis Hansson, 1998
Uroderostenus Ashmead, 1904
Xenopomphale Hansson and LaSalle, 2003
Xiphentedon Risbec, 1957
Zaommomentedon Girault, 1915
Zaommomyiella Girault, 1913
References
Eulophidae
Hymenoptera subfamilies
Taxa named by Arnold Förster |
FC Hradec Králové is a Czech football club based in the city of Hradec Králové. The club, which was founded in 1905, won the Czechoslovak First League in the 1959–60 season. The club currently plays in the Czech First League.
Following their domestic success, Hradec played in the 1960–61 European Cup and was eliminated by Barcelona in the quarter-finals, Barcelona eventually becoming runners-up. In 1995 Hradec won the Czech Cup and subsequently played in the Cup Winners' Cup, where it was eliminated in the round of 16 by Dynamo Moscow. In the 2002–03 season they were relegated to the Second Division. They returned to the top flight in 2009–10 only to be relegated once more in 2012–13; however they would place second in the 2. Liga signifying a return to the top division for the 2014–15 season.
History
Hradec Králové first played in the Czechoslovak First League in 1956. They were relegated after two seasons, but returned for the 1959–60 season, winning the league that same season. They went on to compete in the 1960–61 European Cup, being eliminated by Barcelona in the quarter-finals, a team which would go on to reach the semi-finals.
Hradec Králové were again relegated in 1963. They enjoyed four more spells in the First League, each lasting only one or two seasons. Their last promotion to the Czechoslovak top tier came in 1990. Hradec then played in the newly formed Czech First League from its inception in 1993 until being relegated at the end of the 1999–00 season. Their best league finish in this time was 8th place, which they achieved in the 1998–99 season. The 1990s also saw the club triumph in the Czech Cup, winning the competition in 1995. This achievement saw the club qualify for the Cup Winners' Cup, where they were eliminated in the round of 16 by Dynamo Moscow.
The club returned to the top flight in 2001 after winning the Czech 2. Liga at the first attempt, securing promotion with four games to spare. After just two seasons though, the club again finished in the relegation places and were relegated back to the second tier. This time it was seven seasons before the club would achieve promotion, winning the 2009–10 Czech 2. Liga to secure their status in the top flight once more. Hradec equalled their best Czech First League finishing position of 8th in the 2010–11 season.
Historical names
1905: SK Hradec Králové
1948: Sokol Hradec Králové
1949: Sokol Škoda
1953: DSO Spartak Hradec Králové (Dobrovolná Sportovní Organisace Spartak Hradec Králové)
1976: TJ Spartak ZVU Hradec
1989: RH Spartak ZVU Hradec Králové
1990: SKP Spartak Hradec Králové
1992: SKP Fomei Hradec Králové
1994: SK Hradec Králové
2005: FC Hradec Králové
Players
Current squad
.
Out on loan
Notable former players
Player records in the Czech First League
.
Highlighted players are in the current squad.
Most appearances
Most goals
Most clean sheets
Managers
Jiří Zástěra (1959–60)
Oldřich Šubrt (1961–64)
Josef "Pepi" Bican (1964)
František Havránek (1964–66)
Otto Hemele (1968–69)
Zdeněk Krejčí (1971–73)
Ladislav Moník (1977–78)
Dušan Uhrin (1980–81)
Zdeněk Krejčí (1985–86)
Karol Dobiaš (1988)
Ladislav Škorpil (1991–93)
Štefan Nadzam (1993–94)
Petr Pálka (1994–95)
Luděk Zajíc (1995–96)
Dušan Radolský (1996)
Vladimír Táborský (1996–97)
Jaroslav Hřebík (1997–98)
Ladislav Škorpil (1998)
Stanislav Kocourek (1999)
Milan Petřík (1999)
Petr Uličný (2000–03)
Leoš Kalvoda (2003)
Martin Pulpit (2004)
Juraj Šimurka (2004–05)
Oldřich Machala (July 2008 – March 2009)
Václav Kotal (March 2009 – June 2012)
Jiří Plíšek (July 2012 – April 2013)
Luboš Prokopec (April 2013 – Oct 2014)
Bohuslav Pilný (Oct 2014 – May 2017)
Karel Havlíček (Jun 2017 – May 2018)
Zdenko Frťala (Jun 2018 – Jun 2021)
Miroslav Koubek (Jun 2021 – Jun 2023)
Jozef Weber (Jun 2023 – Sept 2023)
Václav Kotal (Sept 2023 –)
History in domestic competitions
Seasons spent at Level 1 of the football league system: 20
Seasons spent at Level 2 of the football league system: 16
Seasons spent at Level 3 of the football league system: 0
Seasons spent at Level 4 of the football league system: 0
Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic
History in European competitions
Honours
Czechoslovak First League (tier-I)
Champions: 1959–60
Czech Cup
Winners: 1994–95
Czech 2. Liga (tier-II)
Winners: 2000–01, 2009–10
Club records
Czech First League records
Best position: 6th (2021–22)
Worst position: 16th (1999–2000, 2002–03)
Biggest home win: Hradec Králové 5–0 Benešov (1994–95)
Biggest away win: České Budějovice 0–3 Hradec Králové (1995–96), Plzeň 0–3 Hradec Králové (1998–99), Teplice 0–3 Hradec Králové (2011–12), Slovácko 0–3 Hradec Králové (2011–12), Bohemians 1905 0–3 Hradec Králové (2016–17), České Budějovice 0–3 Hradec Králové (2022–23)
Biggest home defeat: Hradec Králové 0–5 Sparta (2001–02)
Biggest away defeat: Jablonec 7–0 Hradec Králové (2010–11)
References
External links
Football clubs in the Czech Republic
Association football clubs established in 1905
Czechoslovak First League clubs
Czech First League clubs
Football clubs in Czechoslovakia
1905 establishments in Austria-Hungary |
Bilcza refers to the following places in Poland:
Bilcza, Kielce County
Bilcza, Sandomierz County |
Mehregan (, also Romanized as Mehregān; also known as Mehrejān) is a village in Garkan-e Shomali Rural District, Pir Bakran District, Falavarjan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,265, in 323 families.
References
Populated places in Falavarjan County |
Turo a Raapoto or Turo Raapoto (sometimes spelled Duro Raapoto) (16 March 1948 — 7 May 2014) was a French Polynesian linguist, writer and theologian. He was the son of religious leader Samuel Raapoto and the brother of academic Jean-Marius Raapoto and journalist Etienne Raapoto.
Raapoto was born in Raiatea. In 1975, he joined Jacqui Drollet and Henri Hiro to found Ia Mana Te Nunaa ("Power to the People"), a radical pro-independence party opposed to nuclear testing. His work on the Tahitian language and culture helped re-establish Maohi cultural identity. As a linguist he is notable for designing a graphical system for transcribing the Tahitian language. This system was also adopted for other languages of French Polynesia: in particular, it was adopted in 2001 by the Marquesan Academy, to transcribe the Marquesan language.
Raapoto was a member of the Maohi Protestant Church.
References
1948 births
2014 deaths
People from Raiatea
French Polynesian academics
French Polynesian Protestants |
```javascript
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import SvgInCss from './SvgInCss'
describe('svg in css', () => {
it('renders without crashing', () => {
const div = document.createElement('div')
ReactDOM.render(<SvgInCss />, div)
})
})
``` |
```python
""" Enable signup per domain
Revision ID: 423155f8fc15
Revises: 77aa22ad72e2
Create Date: 2017-12-02 15:07:40.052320
"""
# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
revision = '423155f8fc15'
down_revision = '77aa22ad72e2'
from alembic import op
import sqlalchemy as sa
def upgrade():
with op.batch_alter_table('domain') as batch:
batch.add_column(sa.Column('signup_enabled', sa.Boolean(), nullable=False, server_default=sa.sql.expression.false()))
def downgrade():
with op.batch_alter_table('domain') as batch:
batch.drop_column('signup_enabled')
``` |
```objective-c
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
// are met:
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
// documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
// from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
// CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
// EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
// OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
#ifndef APEX_STRING_H
#define APEX_STRING_H
#include "ApexUsingNamespace.h"
#include "PsArray.h"
#include "PsString.h"
#include "PsArray.h"
#include "PsUserAllocated.h"
#include <PxFileBuf.h>
namespace nvidia
{
namespace apex
{
/**
* ApexSimpleString - a simple string class
*/
class ApexSimpleString : public physx::Array<char>, public UserAllocated
{
public:
ApexSimpleString() : physx::Array<char>(), length(0)
{
}
explicit ApexSimpleString(const char* cStr) : physx::Array<char>(), length(0)
{
if (cStr)
{
length = (uint32_t)strlen(cStr);
if (length > 0)
{
resize(length + 1);
nvidia::strlcpy(begin(), size(), cStr);
}
}
}
ApexSimpleString(const ApexSimpleString& other) : physx::Array<char>()
{
length = other.length;
if (length > 0)
{
resize(length + 1);
nvidia::strlcpy(begin(), capacity(), other.c_str());
}
else
{
resize(0);
}
}
ApexSimpleString(uint32_t number, uint32_t fixedLength = 0) : length(fixedLength)
{
if (fixedLength)
{
char format[5]; format[0] = '%'; format[1] = '0';
char buffer[10];
if (fixedLength > 9)
{
PX_ASSERT(fixedLength);
fixedLength = 9;
}
physx::shdfnd::snprintf(format + 2, 2, "%d", fixedLength);
format[3] = 'd'; format[4] = '\0';
physx::shdfnd::snprintf(buffer, 10, format, number);
resize(length + 1);
nvidia::strlcpy(begin(), size(), buffer);
}
else
{
char buffer[10];
physx::shdfnd::snprintf(buffer, 10, "%d", number);
length = 1;
while (number >= 10)
{
number /= 10;
length++;
}
resize(length + 1);
nvidia::strlcpy(begin(), size(), buffer);
}
}
ApexSimpleString& operator = (const ApexSimpleString& other)
{
length = other.length;
if (length > 0)
{
resize(length + 1);
nvidia::strlcpy(begin(), capacity(), other.c_str());
}
else
{
resize(0);
}
return *this;
}
ApexSimpleString& operator = (const char* cStr)
{
if (!cStr)
{
erase();
}
else
{
length = (uint32_t)strlen(cStr);
if (length > 0)
{
resize(length + 1);
nvidia::strlcpy(begin(), capacity(), cStr);
}
else
{
resize(0);
}
}
return *this;
}
void truncate(uint32_t newLength)
{
if (newLength < length)
{
length = newLength;
begin()[length] = '\0';
}
}
void serialize(physx::PxFileBuf& stream) const
{
stream.storeDword(length);
stream.write(begin(), length);
}
void deserialize(physx::PxFileBuf& stream)
{
uint32_t len = stream.readDword();
if (len > 0)
{
resize(len + 1);
stream.read(begin(), len);
begin()[len] = '\0';
length = len;
}
else
{
erase();
}
}
uint32_t len() const
{
return length;
}
/* PH: Cast operator not allowed by coding guidelines, and evil in general anyways
operator const char* () const
{
return capacity() ? begin() : "";
}
*/
const char* c_str() const
{
return capacity() > 0 ? begin() : "";
}
bool operator==(const ApexSimpleString& s) const
{
return nvidia::strcmp(c_str(), s.c_str()) == 0;
}
bool operator!=(const ApexSimpleString& s) const
{
return ! this->operator==(s);
}
bool operator==(const char* s) const
{
return nvidia::strcmp(c_str(), s) == 0;
}
bool operator!=(const char* s) const
{
return ! this->operator==(s);
}
bool operator < (const ApexSimpleString& s) const
{
return nvidia::strcmp(c_str(), s.c_str()) < 0;
}
ApexSimpleString& operator += (const ApexSimpleString& s)
{
expandTo(length + s.length);
nvidia::strlcpy(begin() + length, capacity() - length, s.c_str());
length += s.length;
return *this;
}
ApexSimpleString& operator += (char c)
{
expandTo(length + 1);
begin()[length++] = c;
begin()[length] = '\0';
return *this;
}
ApexSimpleString operator + (const ApexSimpleString& s)
{
ApexSimpleString sum = *this;
sum += s;
return sum;
}
ApexSimpleString& clear()
{
if (capacity())
{
begin()[0] = '\0';
}
length = 0;
return *this;
}
ApexSimpleString& erase()
{
resize(0);
return clear();
}
static PX_INLINE void ftoa(float f, ApexSimpleString& s)
{
char buf[20];
physx::shdfnd::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%g", f);
s = buf;
}
static PX_INLINE void itoa(uint32_t i, ApexSimpleString& s)
{
char buf[20];
physx::shdfnd::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%i", i);
s = buf;
}
private:
void expandTo(uint32_t stringCapacity)
{
if (stringCapacity + 1 > capacity())
{
resize(2 * stringCapacity + 1);
}
}
uint32_t length;
};
PX_INLINE ApexSimpleString operator + (const ApexSimpleString& s1, const ApexSimpleString& s2)
{
ApexSimpleString result = s1;
result += s2;
return result;
}
} // namespace apex
} // namespace nvidia
#endif // APEX_STRING_H
``` |
The hypothenar muscles are a group of three muscles of the palm that control the motion of the little finger.
The three muscles are:
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Structure
The muscles of hypothenar eminence are from medial to lateral:
Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
The intrinsic muscles of hand can be remembered using the mnemonic, "A OF A OF A" for, Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis (the three thenar muscles), Adductor pollicis, and the three hypothenar muscles, Opponens digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Abductor digiti minimi.
Clinical significance
"Hypothenar atrophy" is associated with the lesion of the ulnar nerve, which supplies the three hypothenar muscles.
Hypothenar hammer syndrome is a vascular occlusion of this region.
See also
Thenar eminence
Palmaris brevis
References
External links
Slides
Muscular system
Hand
Medical mnemonics |
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