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Army Group C () was an army group of the German Wehrmacht during World War II. It was first deployed from 1939 to 1941 and a second time from 1943 to 1945.
History
Army Group C was formed from Army Group 2 in Frankfurt on 26 August 1939. It initially commanded all troops on Germany's western front but after the Polish campaign it was reduced to commanding the southern half of the western front, overseeing the frontal breakthrough through the Maginot Line during June 1940. At the end of the battle of France it moved back to Germany then – under the cover name "Section Staff East Prussia" – moved to East Prussia on 20 April 1941. On 21 June 1941 it was renamed Army Group North.
It was re-formed on 26 November 1943, by being separated from the staff of Supreme Commander South (OB Süd Luftwaffe) and put in command of the southwestern front and the Italian Campaign. As such, the commander of Heeresgruppe C served also as the Oberbefehlshaber (OB) Südwest.
On 2 May 1945 Army Group C surrendered.
Commanders
1st time
2nd time
Composition
Army Group C Order of Battle from August, 1944.
Sources
Lexikon de Wehrmacht Heeresgruppe C
Axis History Heeresgruppe C
C
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945 |
The Mosque of the Bois de Vincennes (), also known as the Mosque of the Colonial Garden Hospital or Nogent Mosque was the first-ever mosque built on the French mainland since the Umayyad invasion of Gaul in the 8th century. It was constructed in early 1916 on the grounds of the Bois de Vincennes, as a counterpropaganda project and to serve some of the Muslim soldiers who came to France during World War I.
Background and history
In 1899, a trial garden was created at the eastern end of the Bois de Vincennes to experiment with plants from the French colonial empire. Several pavilions were built there on the occasion of the colonial exhibition in May-October 1907.
During World War I, the Colonial Garden was repurposed as a hospital in late 1914. Between 1914 and May 1919, the hospital in the former Colonial Garden cared for nearly 5,000 wounded soldiers, mostly North African and Muslim. At that time, the Colonial Garden / war hospital was on the territory of the Nogent-sur-Marne municipality, from which it took its name (). These grounds were later transferred on 18 April 1929 to the 12th arrondissement of Paris together with the rest of the Bois de Vincennes.
The decision to build a mosque on the hospital's grounds was made in reaction to German war propaganda that attempted to turn Muslims from the British and French colonies against their colonial rulers. The German Empire was allied with the Ottoman Empire, which claimed global leadership of Islam through its Custody of Mecca and Medina and Caliphate. This strategy was the brainchild of German Orientalist Max von Oppenheim who had published a "memorandum on bringing revolution to the Islamic lands of our enemies" () in October 1914. Von Oppenheim, whose nickname Abu Jihad was posthumously popularized by Wolfgang G. Schwanitz, was given charge of a newly created Intelligence Bureau for the East which sponsored the prisoner-of-war camp named "Half Moon" () in Zossen-Wünsdorf near Berlin. As its name suggests, the Halbmondlager was specifically intended for Muslim soldiers from British and French colonies and included a monumental mosque, the first ever built in Germany, completed in July 1915. The German authorities distributed stories about the inappropriate treatment of Islam in the French military, illustrated with images of the Halbmondlager mosque.
In turn, the war imperative to demonstrate that France was friendly to Islam, against the German claims, broke the prior taboo against an Islamic place of worship (other than in cemeteries) on the French mainland. Diplomat , then director of political affairs at the French Foreign Ministry, promoted the initiative to build the mosque and orchestrated the wide distribution of a picture of it by French agents in the Muslim world, even before the building had been completed. The wooden mosque was swiftly erected on designs by the Colonial Garden's architect M. Péni and inaugurated on 14 April 1916 by Gaston Doumergue, then Minister of the Colonies. Dedication prayers were read by two imams, Bou-Mezrag El-Mokrani of Chlef (a descendant of Cheikh Mokrani) and Katranji Sid Abderrahman of Algiers.
Following the end of the war, the mosque was disaffected in 1919 and demolished in 1926, around the time when the Grand Mosque of Paris was inaugurated. A number of commemorative monuments were erected nearby during the interwar period and dedicated to the memory of fallen soldiers from various French colonies, most of them non-Muslims. The former Colonial Garden is now known as the . Some of the pavilions and monuments have been renovated in the 2010s. A commemorative stone stele and explanatory panel perpetuate the memory of the former mosque on the site.
Gallery
See also
Si Kaddour Benghabrit
Kruszyniany Mosque
Märcani Mosque
Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking
Missiri mosque
Mosque of Segrate
List of mosques in France
References
Mosques in Paris
World War I propaganda
Demolished buildings and structures in Paris
Buildings and structures demolished in 1926 |
```smalltalk
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace Xamarin.Forms
{
public class DataPackagePropertySetView : IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object>
{
public DataPackagePropertySet _dataPackagePropertySet;
public DataPackagePropertySetView(DataPackagePropertySet dataPackagePropertySet)
{
_ = dataPackagePropertySet ?? throw new System.ArgumentNullException(nameof(dataPackagePropertySet));
_dataPackagePropertySet = dataPackagePropertySet;
}
public object this[string key] => _dataPackagePropertySet[key];
public IEnumerable<string> Keys => _dataPackagePropertySet.Keys;
public IEnumerable<object> Values => _dataPackagePropertySet.Values;
public int Count => _dataPackagePropertySet.Count;
public bool ContainsKey(string key) => _dataPackagePropertySet.ContainsKey(key);
public IEnumerator<KeyValuePair<string, object>> GetEnumerator() => _dataPackagePropertySet.GetEnumerator();
public bool TryGetValue(string key, out object value) => _dataPackagePropertySet.TryGetValue(key, out value);
IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() => _dataPackagePropertySet.GetEnumerator();
}
}
``` |
Marthe Gosteli (22 December 1917 – 7 April 2017) was a Swiss suffrage activist and archivist. For thirty years, she led the fight for women's right to vote in Switzerland and then focused her attention on preserving the history of Swiss women. Creating an archive of women's biographies and history, Gosteli's work was recognized by many honours and awards, including the 2011 Swiss Human Rights Award.
Biography
Marthe Gosteli was born on 22 December 1917 in Worblaufen, (now known as Ittigen) Switzerland to Johanna Ida (née Salzmann) and Ernst Gosteli. She completed commercial training and took language courses in the French-speaking part of Switzerland and in London. Gosteli's father died, leaving his wife in charge of the estate. With the help of her daughters, the women managed to hold on to and maintain the family farm, but Gosteli recognized how inequality affected them and joined the feminist movement in 1940.
During World War II Gosteli worked for the Wartime Broadcasting Service of the army staff. After the war between 1949 and 1953 and again from 1955 to 1962, she headed the film department of the Information Service at the US Embassy in Bern. In the mid-1960s she turned her full focus toward the woman's movement. Gosteli became president of the Women's Suffrage Association () of Bern in 1964. She wrote pamphlets and went door-to-door trying to introduce equality gently. Rather than a demand for rights, Gosteli's approach focused on increasing women's participation in their communities, as she feared a demand would be resisted by the all-male referendum process. After four years, she became vice president of the Federation of Swiss Women's Associations () (BSF), and known now as Alliance F.
Gosteli became chair of the working group of the BSF for the Political Rights of Women in 1970 and the women targeted the 1971 referendum, participating in various commissions and debates. Finally, on 7 February 1971, two-thirds of the voting men in Switzerland granted women the right to vote at the national level.
Quickly the fight then turned toward other inequalities: the right to manage their own bank accounts, equal pay, maternal leave and other women's issues. Gosteli focused her attention on preserving the history of the movement, but her first attempt at establishing an archive of women's history failed. In 1982, she succeeded in establishing the Gosteli Foundation, to preserve and protect the history of Switzerland's women. Starting with a government collection of 19th-century works including books, brochures and magazines, Gosteli added to the collection with private donations from organizations and individuals. Cataloguing and adding the data to the information network of the German-Swiss archive Informationsverbund Deutschschweiz (IDS), the collection grew into an extensive library, which includes historic and biographical material about pioneers and organizations. In January 2014, at the age of 96, Gosteli retired from the archive.
She died on 7 April 2017 at the age of 99.
Awards and honors
Gosteli received many awards and honours. In 1989 she received the Trudy-Schlatter Prize and in 1992 was honoured with the Medal of the Community of Bern. Gosteli was granted an Honorary doctorate from the University of Bern. In 2008, Gosteli received the Silver Medal of Merit from the Economic and Charitable Society of Bern and in 2011 she was granted the Swiss Human Rights Award.
Selected works
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Gosteli Foundation official website
1917 births
2017 deaths
Swiss suffragists
Swiss feminists
Swiss archivists
Female archivists
21st-century Swiss women writers
People from the canton of Bern
Deaths from falls |
The 1978–79 season is Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 77th season in existence and the club's 48th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
Summary
Nineteen days after the death of Santiago Bernabéu, Luis De Carlos was appointed as new President of the club on 21 June 1978. The new Chairman released a new board of directors on 1 September 1978 in an attempt to normalize the club after the turmoil of last year. Owing to financial issues including a growing debt, De Carlos did not reinforced the squad with high-profile players, instead of that, there had a few low-cost arrivals such as: Rafael García Cortés and Francisco García Hernández along Maté and Hipólito Rincón in a sign of austerity for upcoming years, in an era known as "The Madrid of Los Garcia" until 1982.
In the European Cup the team, shockingly, was eliminated early in the second round by underdogs Swiss side Grasshopper Club Zürich on the away goals rule. Meanwhile, in the Copa del Rey the squad advanced to the final where it was defeated by Valencia CF 2–0 at Vicente Calderón Stadium.
The club clinched its 19th League title also second in a row, four points above runners-up Sporting Gijón. Had they also won the Copa del Rey, Real Madrid would've clinched the double, something they would achieve next season.
Squad
Transfers
Competitions
La Liga
Position by round
League table
Matches
Copa del Rey
Final
European Cup
First round
Second round
Statistics
Players statistics
See also
The Madrid of los Garcia (in Spanish)
References
External links
BDFútbol
Real Madrid CF seasons
Spanish football championship-winning seasons
Real Madrid |
The 1973 Tirreno–Adriatico was the eighth edition of the Tirreno–Adriatico cycle race and was held from 13 March to 17 March 1973. The race started in Ostia and finished in San Benedetto del Tronto. The race was won by Roger De Vlaeminck.
General classification
References
1973
1973 in Italian sport |
Josefina Castellví Piulachs (born in Barcelona, 1 July 1935) is a Spanish oceanographer, biologist and writer. Castellvi Peak on Hurd Peninsula, on Livingston Island in Antarctica is named in her honour. In 1984 she was the first Spaniard to participate in an international expedition to Antarctica. She received her bachelor's degree in 1957 and a PhD in biological sciences at the University of Barcelona in 1969. In 1960 she started working for the Institut de Ciències del Mar in Barcelona. In addition, she conducted research at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and was a delegate in Catalonia for two years (1984-1986).
Starting in 1984, she participated in the Organization of Research in Antarctica and assisted with the installation of the Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base on Livingston Island, of which she was the lead oceanographer from 1989 to 1997, replacing . From 1989 to 1995 she directed Madrid's National Program of Antarctic Research, and later, from 1994 to 1995, she directed the Institute of Marine Sciences.
She has been awarded, among other prizes like the Gold Medal of the Generalitat of Catalonia in 1994, the Creu de Sant Jordi Award in 2003, the IEC Environment Prize in 2006 and the CONCA National Award in 2013.
Biography
Josefina Castellví was born the daughter of a doctor and housewife in Barcelona during the last few months of the Spanish Republic before the explosive outbreak of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). She studied at the Montserrat Institute and in 1957 graduated with a degree in biology from the University of Barcelona. In 1960 she specialized in oceanography from the Sorbonne. In 1969, Josefina got a doctorate in science from the University of Barcelona.
Josefina and her older sister attended school at an exceptionally young age near Eixample, where their family began. Later, they were transferred to a convent school, where they studied until their second year of high school. Ultimately, they completed their basic studies at the Institute Monsterrat, in the neighborhood of Sant Gervasi, where Josefina prepared to enter university. In spite of living in a postwar period and the immense poverty the country suffered, Josefina's childhood and adolescence were normal; she lived alternately in Barcelona and Castelldefels, where her parents had a house.
In 1953, around the age of 18, Josefina began studying biology at the University of Barcelona. She completed two tracks in one and graduated in 1957, when she was 22 years old. Only two people finished the degree that year: Josefina and a nun. She continued her studies in order to engage more deeply with her research.
After finishing her degree Josefina Castellví traveled to France to study for two years. By 1960, when she specialized and received her PhD in oceanography at the age of 25, she participated in her first oceanographic expeditions on French ships and taught at the Sorbonne. Also starting that year, she began work at the Institute of Marine Sciences as Council Superior of Scientific Research, where she would later assume the role of director from 1994 to 1995 whilst also being a delegate to Catalonia. In 1984 she was the first Spanish woman to participate in an international expedition in Antarctica; it ought to be noted that she contributed mainly to those expeditions’ research, for which she was awarded recognition alongside Antonio Ballester i Nolla. Ballester was recognized as well for his intervention in the installation of the Juan Carlos I Antarctic Base on Island Livingston, of which Josefina was chief director from 1989 to 1993, allowing Spain for the first time to become a member of the Antarctic Treaty System (1988).
When she returned to Barcelona, Josefina continued her research at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). First, by experimenting in the laboratory, since at that time Spain lacked oceanographic vessels and bathyscaphes with which to feasibly and directly explore the seas. When, in 1971, scientists provided the first Spanish oceanographic vessel for use in investigations Josefina Castellví was able to do her work from within the environment of her scientific subjects and could analyze how those subjects behaved in the midst of the sea currents.
In 1987 Antonio Ballester, Josefina Castellví, and seven others put the first Spanish base in Antarctica, which they created on Island Livingstone and baptized with the name of Juan Carlos I. Josefina Castellví was 52 years old by then, yet even at that age, in 1997, she directed an Antarctic base where 12 people lived for four months a year. The research in Antarctica was both a great learning experience and emotionally validating for her. Antarctica is a natural laboratory; deep in the ice there is written billions of years of Earth's history and knowing how to analyze these ancient writings allows us to share that vast history.
In 1995, after living a few years in Madrid, where she had commissioned the National Research Program Antarctica, Josefina Castellví returned to Barcelona to lead the Institute of Marine Sciences of the CSIC. Throughout her working life, she combined her research with conference work in order to disseminate her findings and her books, one of which was a book published in 1996 titled I Have lived in Antarctica.
In 1994 she received the Gold Medal of Generalitat of Catalonia and in 2003 she received the Creu de Sant Jordi. The Gold Medal is an honorary distinction awarded annually by the Generalitat of Catalonia to those persons or social entities who "on their merits, have provided outstanding services to Catalonia in the defense of her identity, especially at the civic and cultural level". Moreover, it is considered, together with the International Prize of Catalonia, to be one of the most prestigious distinctions granted in Catalonia. Since 2010, she has been the president of the Summer University of Andorra.
On 8 October 2013 she won the Culture of the Generalitat of Catalonia Award, which distinguishes those people, entities, or institutions in any field that are worthy of institutional recognition for his or her contribution to Catalan culture, with preference for excellence, innovation, trajectory and projection, and bearing in mind their contribution during the year before of the concession. In addition, on 13 May 2013 she received the Catalan of the year Award.
In 2014 she was appointed vice-president of the Advisory Council for the Sustainable Development of Catalonia (CADS).
On 5 March 2015 she received the August Pi i Sunyer Medal from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Barcelona, in commemoration of International Women's Day. Researcher Josefina Castellví is the first woman to receive this medal.
In spite of her retirement in 2000 Josefina Castellví remains active; to this day she continues to collaborate with the Advisory Council for the Sustainable Development of the Presidential Department of the Generalitat of Catalonia. She also continues to give lectures on her work in Antarctica, during which she testifies to the importance of this frozen desert. As the coldest place on Earth, she says, it is ideal for studying the capacity to adapt inherent in all organisms, which must change to survive, since, if they do not, they will disappear like the trees and plants that have disappeared from Antarctica.
Josefina Castellví is the first Catalan and Spanish female oceanographer and has received many awards in recognition of her research. "The difficult part is to receive first prize", here she quoted the scientist Ramon Margalef, "because others come such as mimetic actions.” Of all the awards that she has, Josefina especially values two: the Gold Medal of the Generalitat of Catalonia (1994) and the Creu de Sant Jordi (2003), because they represent the homage of her city and country. Currently, Josefina Castellví still lives on the same floor where she was born, a testament to her devotion to origins.
Works
Josefina Castellví has written many books, more than 70 scientific articles in national and international magazines, and has chaired various international committees and commissions related to the oceans and Antarctica. Among her books are the following:
1967: Ecología marina
1996: Yo he vivido en la Antártida: Autobiographical work narrating her experience in Antarctica. In the book she explains how she directed the Spanish Antarctic base Juan Carlos I for four seasons, being the first Spanish woman to investigate the continent. The book has many anecdotes, notably the first few are mainly concerned with Antoni Ballester, the pioneer of Spanish presence in Antarctica in the 60's trying to carry out research projects on the continent.
2005: El Paper que juguen els oceans en l'equilibri del planeta Terra : The work was published in Catalan and includes talks about the impact of climate change and how environmental conditions of the planet have changed through the years.
Articles
_ 1963: Pigmentos de la diatomea marina Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) en su dependencia de los factores ambientales y de la dinámica de las poblaciones
_ 1964: Un sencillo experimento para demostrar la influencia de la concentración de elementos nutritivos sobre la calidad de los pigmentos de las algas
_ 1981: Aspectos microbiológicos del estudio oceanográfico de la plataforma continental. I. Planteamiento general
_ 1990: La investigación en la Antártida
_ 1997: ¿Por qué la Antártida atrae a los investigadores científicos?
_ 1999: La Antártida
_ 2002: Españoles en la Antártida
_ 2007: De cómo España abrió su ruta a la investigación antártica
_ 2014: El musclo i el seu entorn ambiental
_ 2015: Fascinación por la Naturaleza
Filmography
On the 25th anniversary of the creation of the Spanish base, Josefina Castellví, at 77, returned to Antarctica after more than a decade along with journalists and documentary director Albert Solé, who directed The Ice Memories. In the film Castellví documents her farewell journey from the white continent. The documentary was made as a tribute for all the work done by her and the three other scientists who got Spain to build the first base to investigate this remote area of the planet. The film chronicles this return to Antarctica.
Albert Solé said: "The truth is that I come from a family of very powerful women, a true matriarchy. That is why, when I met Josefina Castellví - It sounds like almost everyone - I immediately recognized a familiar landscape, with strong women and great fighters, who knew how to cope with many passions against many obstacles that life mounted against them in a very difficult time and world. I realized that in this story there was an alchemy of irresistible elements for me: woman, science, adventure and Antarctica."
Synopsis: In 1986, four Catalan scientists Agustí Julià, Joan Rovira, Josefina Castellví and Antoni Ballester managed to reach Antarctica with the project of planting their tent on Deception Island to force the Spanish state to join the Antarctic Treaty, which would eventually happen in 1988, and lay a foundation. The leader of the expedition, Dr. Antoni Ballester, would end up suffering a stroke that led Josefina Castellví to take over and run the small facility at a time when resources were quite limited for the Antarctic program. That was how she became the first female head of a foundation in the history of international Antarctic research. After retiring, she devotes her time to lace bobbin and gardening, her two passions today, but the photos hanging on the wall of her house and her collection of miniature penguins ensure the memory of her greatest adventure. In addition, she finds the suitcase with 30 hours’ worth of film she had captured herself during her first years on the white continent. Because of this and the pressure of nostalgia, Josefina decided to return to Antarctica.
The documentary was first broadcast on the second channel of Televisión Española on Friday 30 May 2014.
Recognitions
August Pi i Sunyer Medal
The August Pi i Sunyer Medal was instituted by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Barcelona in March 1983, in memory of one of its most outstanding professors and researchers. The award honors a local-level scientific personality who has recently achieved something of great merit and is delivered in the course of the August Pi i Sunyer Lesson, the moment when the award is given. The first person to receive the medal was the ecologist Ramon Margalef, followed by the ophthalmologist Joaquín Barraquer, the cardiologist Valentín Fuster and the primatologist Jordi Sabater Pi among others. The last person who received the award was the hepatologist and professor of UB Joan Rodés in 2010. The researcher Josefina Castellví is the first woman to receive this award.
Josefina Castellví i Piulachs (Barcelona, 1935) is one of the greatest internationally renowned Catalan researchers. She was a pioneer in Spanish participation in Antarctic research and led the installation of the Spanish Antarctic Base. Her scientific contribution has been very productive in the field of marine bacteriology. Nowadays, she continues to further dissemination and research, although she is professionally retired.
Josefina Castellvi was the Delegate of the CSIC in Catalonia and developed her scientific career in the CSIC too. After graduating in Biological Sciences at the University of Barcelona, in 1960, with an Extraordinary Prize, she entered the Institute of Marine Sciences, previously known as the Institute of Fisheries Research. Some years later, as a research professor specialized in marine bacteriology at the CSIC, she became the director of the Institute. Her passion for the study of bacteria in extreme environments led her to take an interest in Antarctica and, in 1984, she became the first Spanish woman to participate in an international expedition to those icy lands. She has published over seventy scientific papers and participated in 36 oceanographic campaigns.
In addition to her scientific talent, Castellví showed excellent qualities as a research manager, which allowed her to be a CSIC Delegate in Catalonia in 1984 and Director of Coordination of the CSIC in 1986. From 1987 to 1988, she coordinated the installation of the Juan Carlos I Spanish Antarctic Base on Livingston Island and, between 1989 and 1994, she became the Head of the Base. Later, she was manager of the National Antarctic Research Program (CICYT) at the state level, responsible for coordinating international scientific projects developed in that territory.
Prizes
Proèmula Prize for the female director of the year (1994).
Medalla d'Or for Scientific Merit awarded by the City of Barcelona (1995).
Narcís Monturiol Medal for the Scientific and Technological Merit awarded by the Government of Catalonia (1996).
Lady of Goya Award awarded by the Spanish Friends of Goya Association (1997).
Imhotep-Creu Blanca Foundation Prize (1998).
The Spanish Geographic Society's National Prize (1998).
The Spanish Order of Civil Merit (2002).
Creu de Sant Jordi Award by the Government of Catalonia (2003).
Nationale Swisse Environmental Award (2003).
Esteva Bassols Prize: "Senyora of Barcelona" (2005).
Catalan of the year Award awarded and voted by the readers of El Peródico de Cataluña (2013).
August Pi i Sunyer Medal awarded by the University of Barcelona (2015).
References
1935 births
Living people
Spanish biologists
Spanish writers
Spanish women scientists
Spanish women writers
Scientists from Barcelona
Antarctic scientists
Female polar explorers
Women Antarctic scientists
Women oceanographers
Spanish oceanographers
Spain and the Antarctic |
The Malagasy Revolutionary Party, better known by its Malagasy acronym AREMA (from ), is a political party in Madagascar. It was the ruling party of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state, from 1976 to 1992 under the name Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution.
Name
"AREMA" was originally an acronym derived from the party's Malagasy and French names: () in Malagasy and () in French. Sometime around 2001, the party changed its Malagasy name to () and its French name to (). Although the acronym "AREMA" was maintained in both Malagasy and French, the meaning of the party's name differed between the two languages. The party later changed its French name to , the acronym "AREMA" now also applying to the party's English name, Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar. In 2020 the party adopted the Malagasy name () for all its official publications, including those in French.
History
The party was founded on 30 March 1976 as the Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution, the main political alliance of president Didier Ratsiraka. It held the majority of seats in the parliament until the fall of the Ratsiraka regime in 1991.
AREMA had 455,000 registered members in 1995.
In the elections to the Senate held on 18 March 2001, AREMA won 49 of the 60 elected seats.
In the parliamentary election held on 15 December 2002, AREMA won 4.9% of the popular vote and 3 out of 160 seats in the National Assembly, all three in Toamasina Province.
Pierrot Rajaonarivelo was elected national secretary at a party congress on 29 November 1997. He has been exiled in France since 2002 and has been convicted and sentenced in absentia. Ramaholimasy holds the position while Rajaonarivelo is out of the country.
Currently, AREMA is divided into two antagonistic factions: those behind Rajaonarivelo and those who claim to be supported by the party founder, Ratsiraka.
Rajaonarivelo sought to run in the December 2006 presidential election, but was not allowed to enter the country.
The Ratsiraka faction of the party chose not to participate in the September 2007 parliamentary election, while the Rajaonarivelo faction chose to participate. The Ratsiraka faction sought to prevent the Rajaonarivelo faction's participation, but on 23 August the High Constitutional Court ruled that the Rajaonarivelo faction could participate. AREMA did not win any seats in the election.
AREMA's current national secretary, Simon Pierre, and six deputy national secretaries were elected during the party congress on 12 June 2013.
Ideology
As the ruling party of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, AREMA espoused communism and adhered to Marxism–Leninism and scientific socialism. The party maintained close relations with other communist parties around the world, particularly the Workers' Party of Korea. Ratsiraka expressed strong sympathies and support for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). AREMA hosted the International Scientific Seminar on the Juche Idea in Antananarivo from 28 to 30 September 1976. Many prominent party and government officials, public figures, representatives of revolutionary and progressive organizations, scientists and journalists from more than fifty countries attended.
After the dissolution of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar and the country's adoption of a multi-party system, AREMA began to move towards a more moderate left position. The party currently describes itself as "a humanist and ecological social democratic party". The stated goals of the party are to "build healthy and solid foundations for the construction of a social democracy which guarantees sustained and sustainable growth", and to "consolidate and maintain the independence of Madagascar and the freedom of the Malagasy people, for a just and equitable nation".
Election results
Presidential elections
National Assembly elections
References
1976 establishments in Madagascar
Malagasy nationalism
Parties of one-party systems
Political parties established in 1976
Political parties in Madagascar
Social democratic parties in Africa
Socialism in Madagascar |
```xml
// See LICENSE.txt for license information.
import Clipboard from '@react-native-clipboard/clipboard';
import React, {useCallback} from 'react';
import {useIntl} from 'react-intl';
import OptionItem from '@components/option_item';
import SlideUpPanelItem from '@components/slide_up_panel_item';
import {CHANNEL_INFO} from '@constants/screens';
import {SNACK_BAR_TYPE} from '@constants/snack_bar';
import {useServerUrl} from '@context/server';
import {dismissBottomSheet} from '@screens/navigation';
import {showSnackBar} from '@utils/snack_bar';
type Props = {
channelName?: string;
teamName?: string;
showAsLabel?: boolean;
testID?: string;
}
const CopyChannelLinkOption = ({channelName, teamName, showAsLabel, testID}: Props) => {
const intl = useIntl();
const serverUrl = useServerUrl();
const onCopyLink = useCallback(async () => {
Clipboard.setString(`${serverUrl}/${teamName}/channels/${channelName}`);
await dismissBottomSheet();
showSnackBar({barType: SNACK_BAR_TYPE.LINK_COPIED, sourceScreen: CHANNEL_INFO});
}, [channelName, teamName, serverUrl]);
if (showAsLabel) {
return (
<SlideUpPanelItem
onPress={onCopyLink}
text={intl.formatMessage({id: 'channel_info.copy_link', defaultMessage: 'Copy Link'})}
leftIcon='link-variant'
testID={testID}
/>
);
}
return (
<OptionItem
action={onCopyLink}
label={intl.formatMessage({id: 'channel_info.copy_link', defaultMessage: 'Copy Link'})}
icon='link-variant'
type='default'
testID={testID}
/>
);
};
export default CopyChannelLinkOption;
``` |
Aliabad-e Molla Ali (, also Romanized as ‘Alīābād-e Mollā ‘Alī; also known as ‘Alīābād and ‘Alīāb-e Mollā ‘Alī) is a village in, and the capital of, Borkhar-e Sharqi Rural District of Habibabad District, Borkhar County, Isfahan province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 2,702 in 676 households, when it was in Borkhar District of the former Borkhar and Meymeh County. The following census in 2011 counted 2,887 people in 840 households, by which time the district had been separated from the county in the establishment of Borkhar County. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 3,312 people in 999 households. It was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Borkhar County
Populated places in Borkhar County |
```smalltalk
using FrameWork.SDKManager;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
public class PaymentVerificationManager
{
public static CallBack<PayResult> onVerificationResultCallBack;
private static PaymentVerificationInterface verificationInterface;
public static void Init(PaymentVerificationInterface verificationInterface)
{
PaymentVerificationManager.verificationInterface = verificationInterface;
verificationInterface.Init();
SDKManager.PayCallBack += PayCallBack;
}
private static void PayCallBack(OnPayInfo info)
{
if (info.isSuccess)
{
//if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(info.receipt))
//{
// info.receipt = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
//}
verificationInterface.CheckRecipe(info);
}
else
{
Debug.Log("PaymentVerificationManager info.goodsId " + info.goodsId);
int code = info.isSuccess ? 0 : -1;
OnVerificationResult(code, info.goodsId,false,info.receipt,info.error,info.storeName);
}
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="code"></param>
/// <param name="goodsID">ID</param>
/// <param name="repeatReceipt"></param>
/// <param name="receipt"></param>
public static void OnVerificationResult(int code,string goodsID, bool repeatReceipt,string receipt,string error,StoreName storeName)
{
try
{
if (onVerificationResultCallBack != null)
{
PayResult result = new PayResult(code,goodsID,error,storeName);
Debug.Log(" code " + code + " goodsID " + goodsID);
onVerificationResultCallBack(result);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Debug.LogError(e);
}
if (code == 0 || code == ErrorCodeDefine.StorePay_RepeatReceipt || repeatReceipt)
{
Debug.Log(""+ goodsID);
SDKManager.ConfirmPay(storeName.ToString(), goodsID, receipt );
}
//
if (code!=0)
{
Debug.LogError(" goodID:" + goodsID);
}
}
}
``` |
```css
Horizontal centering fluid blocks
Vertical centering with `margin-top`
Clearfix for layouts
Equal width table cells
Avoid margin hacks with flexbox
``` |
Brattås is a locality situated in Kungsbacka Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 384 inhabitants in 2010.
References
Populated places in Kungsbacka Municipality |
Justice V. D. Tulzapurkar (9 March, 1921 – 1 October, 2004) B.A., LL.B., Attorney-at-Law, was a judge of the Supreme Court of India from 30 September 1977 until 9 March 1986.
He received his education at Wilson High School, Wilson College and Government Law College, Bombay. He became Advocate of the Bombay High Court on 1 December 1942. He was appointed Judge of the City Civil Court and Additional Sessions Judge, Bombay on 16 July 1956 and became Principal Judge, City Civil Court and Sessions Judge, Bombay on 19 April 1962.
He became Judge of the Bombay High Court with effect from 21 December 1963 till 29 September 1977.
He died on 1 October 2004.
References
1921 births
2004 deaths
Judges of the Bombay High Court
Marathi people
Justices of the Supreme Court of India
20th-century Indian judges |
Mahmudabad-e Olya () may refer to:
Mahmudabad-e Olya, Fasa, Fars Province
Mahmudabad-e Olya, Marvdasht, Fars Province
Mahmudabad-e Olya, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad
Mahmudabad-e Olya, Razavi Khorasan
Mahmudabad-e Olya, West Azerbaijan |
Leyla Soleymani is a scientist and Canada Research Chair at McMaster University's faculty of engineering. Her research includes the development of advanced materials for biosensing and repellent surfaces.
Biography
Soleymani received her Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Toronto in 2010 under the mentorship of Ted Sargent. Her dissertation was entitled "Ultrasensitive Detection of Nucleic Acids using an Electronic Chip".
In 2019, Soleymani developed a plastic wrap that repels pathogens such as the superbug methicilin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus from surfaces. In 2020, this wrap is being adapted for halting the spread of COVID-19.
References
Canadian women engineers
Academic staff of McMaster University
University of Toronto alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*
*/
package com.netflix.hollow.ui;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class HollowUIWebServer {
private HttpServer server;
private final HttpHandlerWithServletSupport handler;
private final int port;
private JoinableExecutorService executor;
/**
* Extends {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} to allow waiting indefinitely for termination of underlying threadpool
*/
private static class JoinableExecutorService extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
JoinableExecutorService() {
super(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
}
@Override
protected void terminated() {
super.terminated();
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
void join() throws InterruptedException {
countDownLatch.await();
}
}
public HollowUIWebServer(HttpHandlerWithServletSupport handler, int port) {
this.port = port;
this.handler = handler;
this.executor = new JoinableExecutorService();
}
public void start() throws Exception {
server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(port), 0);
server.createContext("/", this.handler);
server.setExecutor(executor);
server.start();
}
public void join() throws InterruptedException {
executor.join();
}
public void stop() throws Exception {
executor.shutdown();
try {
if (!executor.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
executor.shutdownNow();
if (!executor.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
System.err.println("Http Server ThreadPool did not terminate");
}
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
executor.shutdownNow();
}
server.stop(0);
}
}
``` |
Heptalene is a polycyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula , composed of two fused cycloheptatriene rings. It is an unstable, non-planar compound which is non-aromatic. The dianion, however, satisfies Hückel's rule, is thermally stable, and is planar.
See also
Benzocyclooctatetraene
References |
is a Japanese manga series by Arata Aki. It was serialized in Media Factory's shōjo manga magazine Monthly Comic Gene from January 2013 to April 2020, and was collected in twelve tankōbon volumes. An anime television series adaptation by EMT Squared premiered from January 11 to March 28, 2020.
Characters
Media
Manga
Anime
An anime television series adaptation was announced in the October issue of Monthly Comic Gene magazine on September 15, 2018. The series is animated by EMT Squared and directed by Atsushi Nigorikawa, with Natsuko Takahashi handling series composition, Yuki Nakano designing the characters, and Kanako Hara composing the music. It premiered from January 11 to March 28, 2020 on AT-X, Tokyo MX, and BS Fuji, and is streamed by Crunchyroll. All at Once performed the series's opening theme song "Take mo' Chance", while AŌP performed the series' ending theme song . The series ran for 12 episodes.
Reception
The manga has over 460,000 copies in print.
References
External links
2020 anime television series debuts
Anime series based on manga
AT-X (TV network) original programming
Comedy anime and manga
Crunchyroll anime
EMT Squared
Media Factory manga
Shōjo manga |
Larry O. Sather (December 28, 1940 – October 2, 2022) was an American politician who was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.
Sather was a 1959 graduate of Huntingdon Area High School.
Sather was first elected to represent the 81st legislative district in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1992. He retired prior to the 2006 elections. Sather died on October 2, 2022, in Huntingdon at the age of 81.
References
External links
official PA House profile (archived)
1940 births
2022 deaths
People from Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives |
Canal de Berdún (in Aragonese: A Canal de Berdún) is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 401 inhabitants, which had dropped to 321 by 2018.
Villages
Berdún, the capital of the municipality
Biniés
Huértalo
Majones
Martes
Villarreal de la Canal
References
Municipalities in the Province of Huesca |
The Pukekohe East Explosion Crater, also known as the Pukekohe East Crater, is one of the best preserved and most prominent volcanoes of the South Auckland volcanic field in New Zealand. The basalt maar erupted approximately 680,000 years ago.
Geology
The Pukekohe East Explosion Crater erupted an estimated 680,000 years ago. It is one of the best preserved volcanoes in the South Auckland volcanic field, and one of the few well-preserved basalt craters in New Zealand.
The crater is approximately one kilometre in diameter, and is found on privately owned land. Pukekohe East Road and Runciman Road run along the crest of the crater.
History
During the early colonial era of New Zealand, it was known as Papach's Crater. In 1863, the Pukekohe East Presbyterian Church was built on the rim of the crater. The church was used as a military stockade during the Invasion of the Waikato, most notably during the Defence of Pukekohe East, when a Māori taua (war party) of approximately 200 men from Ngāti Maniapoto and Ngāti Pou iwi attacked the church in September 1863.
The Geoscience Society of New Zealand scheduled the crater as a nationally important feature.
References
Franklin Local Board Area
Geography of Auckland
Landforms of the Auckland Region
Maars of New Zealand
Volcanism of New Zealand
Geology of New Zealand
Volcanoes of the Auckland Region |
Mr. Gatot Taroenamihardja (24 November 1901 – 24 December 1971) was Indonesia's first attorney general.
Biography
Taroenamihardja became Indonesia's first attorney general after Indonesia's independence in 1945. President Sukarno established him as the attorney general on 19 August 1945, two days after independence. Before his resignation on 24 October of the same year, Taroenamiharja released on declaration and one announcement, both on 1 October. The declaration, pronounced together with Minister of Justice Soepomo and Minister of Home Affairs Wiranata Koesoema, outlined the function of the attorney general's office, while the instruction, directed at the Indonesian National Police, ordered them to take extra measures to ensure the safety of the republic from Dutch troops during the Indonesian National Revolution.
He became attorney general again on 1 April 1959, during a period of turmoil; the government was facing an uprising from Darul Islam, as well as struggling with the integration of Dutch New Guinea. Taroenamihardja was attorney general for a period of four months and 21 days, resigning on 22 September 1959; he was replaced by Goenawan. He later joined the Ministry of Justice.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
1901 births
1971 deaths
Attorneys General of Indonesia
People from Sukabumi |
Victoria Rose "Tori" Sullivan (born August 4, 1996) is an American ice hockey forward, currently playing with the Connecticut Whale of the Premier Hockey Federation (PHF).
Playing career
During high school, she played for the HoneyBaked Hockey Club in her home state of Michigan, winning three state championships.
In 2014, she began attending Boston College and playing college ice hockey with the Boston College Eagles women's team in the Hockey East conference of the NCAA Division I. She scored 28 points in 39 games in her rookie collegiate season, being named to the Hockey East All-Rookie Team. She missed all but two games during the 2016–17 season, however, being redshirted due to injury. In 2017, she transferred to Northeastern University, and would spend the last two years of her collegiate eligibility with the Northeastern Huskies, finishing her college career with 98 points in 154 games. Sullivan won the Hockey East championship with Northeastern in 2019.
After graduating, she signed her first professional contract with the Boston Pride of the NWHL; a one-year, $5000 contract, becoming the second player to sign with the Pride in the 2019 off-season. She scored 25 points in 24 games in her rookie season, good for thirteenth in the league. She also tied for first in the league in powerplay goals, and the Pride qualified for the Isobel Cup finals before the season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. During the season, she was also noted for her social media work managing the team's TikTok account with teammate Christina Putigna.
She re-signed with the Pride for the 2020–21 NWHL season, with Pride general manager Karilyn Pilch stating that "if the NWHL had an award for Best Dangles, Tori would win unanimously."
She signed to the Connecticut Whale for the 2022-2023 season
International career
Sullivan represented the United States at the 2014 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship in Hungary, notching one goal in five games as the country won silver.
Personal life
Sullivan has a degree in behavioral neuroscience from Northeastern University. She previously attended Mercy High School in Farmington Hills, Michigan.
Career stats
Sources:
Honors
Week of November 3, 2014 Pro Ambitions/WHEA Rookie of the Week
2014–15 Hockey East All-Rookie Team
2014–15 Boston College Athletic Director's Award for Academic Achievement
2014–15 Hockey East All-Academic Team
2015–16 Boston College Athletic Director's Award for Academic Achievement
2015–16 Hockey East All-Academic Team
2018–19 Hockey East All-Academic Team
Sources:
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
American women's ice hockey forwards
Boston Pride players
Ice hockey players from Michigan
People from West Bloomfield, Michigan
Ice hockey people from Oakland County, Michigan
Northeastern Huskies women's ice hockey players
Boston College Eagles women's ice hockey players
Boston College alumni |
Cloudboy or Cloud Boy may refer to:
the Stearman Cloudboy, an aircraft of the 1930s
Cloudboy, an electronic music group active from 1995 to 2003
Cloud Boy, a children's book published in 2006 |
```javascript
/**
* @license
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
var Controller = skit.platform.Controller;
var Marketing = library.controllers.Marketing;
module.exports = Controller.create(Marketing, {});
``` |
This is a list of public art in Brooklyn, in the United States. This list applies only to works of public art on permanent display in an outdoor public space. For example, this does not include artwork in museums. Public art may include sculptures, statues, monuments, memorials, murals, and mosaics.
Brooklyn
Public art in New York City |
Balusuan Island () is an island located near Semporna in Sabah, Malaysia.
See also
List of islands of Malaysia
References
Islands of Sabah |
The 14th Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards, given on 7 November 2004, in Sydney, which honoured the best in film for 2004.
Winners
Credits:
Best Film: Somersault produced by Anthony Anderson
Best Director: Cate Shortland for Somersault
Best Cinematography: Robert Humphreys for Somersault
Best Editor: Ken Sallows for Tom White
Best Actor – Lead Role: Colin Friels for Tom White
Best Actress – Lead Role: Abbie Cornish for Somersault
Best Actor – Supporting Role: Dan Spielman for Tom White
Best Actress – Supporting Role: Lynette Curran for Somersault
Best Screenplay – Adapted: Rolf de Heer for The Old Man Who Read Love Stories
Best Screenplay – Original: Daniel Keene for Tom White
Best Music Score: David Hobson, Josh Abrahams, Lisa Gerrard for One Perfect Day
Best Foreign Film - English Language: Lost in Translation directed by Sofia Coppola
Best Foreign Language Film: The Barbarian Invasions (Les invasions barbares) directed by Denys Arcand
Best Feature Documentary: The Men Who Would Conquer China directed by Nick Torrens, Jane St Vincent Welch
Best Short Documentary: Mr Patterns directed by Catriona McKenzie
Best Short Film: Birthday Boy directed by Sejong Park
Emerging Talent: Sejong Park
References
External links
Film Critics Circle Of Australia
2004 in Australian cinema
Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards
A |
Wishing Lollipop: 30 Days Return (, ; ) is a 2023 Cambodian drama film directed by Un Bunthouern and written by Noun Molin. Wishing Lollipop has been screened in Cambodian cinemas and on the Angkor DC App. Wishing Lollipop was included as part of "Stories in Cambodia" at the 12th Cambodia International Film Festival.
Premise
The plot revolves around Kay and Norea. The mother of the first is deaf and lying in a hospital bed and he faces issue paying her medical bills. Kay has an accident and drowns but he oon can come bak among the living by switching bodies with Norea but going back in time 30 days before his death.
Cast
Vy Yaro as Kay
Chen Chen as Norea
Sveng Socheata as Kay's mom
Tep Rindaro as doctor
Reception
A review found that the film was "not your typical romantic comedy. The movie centers on the relationship between the character Norea, played by Chen Chen, and the character Kai, played by Vy Yaro. Their relationship brings a whole new level to the meaning of “self-love.”
References
External links
Cambodian drama films
2023 films
Films about the afterlife
Sign-language films |
Snoopy Presents: It's the Small Things, Charlie Brown, or simply It's the Small Things, Charlie Brown, is a Peanuts animated special. It was released on Apple TV+ on April 15, 2022. This is the first special written by Bryan and Craig Schulz, who are the son and grandson of Charles M. Schulz, respectively.
Plot
Charlie Brown is determined to win the big baseball game. But things turn into a fiasco right before the matchup, when Sally bonds with a little flower on the pitcher's mound and vows to protect it at all costs.
Cast
Tyler Nathan as Charlie Brown
Terry McGurrin as Snoopy
Hattie Kragten as Sally
Rob Tinkler as Woodstock
Lexi Perri as Peppermint Patty
Isabella Leo as Lucy
Wyatt White as Linus
Holly Gorski as Marcie
Caleb Bellavance as Franklin
Natasha Nathan as Patty
Charlie Boyle as Violet
Jacob Soley as Pig-Pen
Maya Misaljevic as Frieda
Matthew Mucci as Schroeder
Jackson Reid as Thibault
Will Bhaneja as Shermy
Jacob Mazeral as Jose Peterson
Lucas Nguyen as Floyd
Beatrice Schneider as Lydia
Maria Nash as Eudora
Evan Sheppard-Greenhow as 5
Production
On October 19, 2020, Apple signed a deal to acquire the streaming rights to the Peanuts holiday specials for Apple TV+, including orders for new animated specials to be produced for the service. The release date and title for the special were revealed on February 22, 2022, with the trailer following on March 31.
It's the Small Things, Charlie Brown is the second Peanuts special following It's Arbor Day, Charlie Brown (1976) to address Earth Day.
References
External links
Peanuts television specials
Apple TV+ original programming
2022 films
Baseball animation |
Tupi National High School is a public national high school established in 1966.
The High school changed its name from Tupi Barangay High School when it was converted to a national high school in 1985 through Parliamentary Bill No. 5750.
In 2009, its annex in Barangay Cebuano was separated into an independent national high school called Cebuano National High school through Republic Act 9767.
References
Schools in South Cotabato
Educational institutions established in 1966
High schools in the Philippines
1966 establishments in the Philippines |
```c++
#define MINIMAL_STDERR_OUTPUT
#include "llvm/Analysis/Passes.h"
#include "llvm/ExecutionEngine/ExecutionEngine.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DataLayout.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LegacyPassManager.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Verifier.h"
#include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
#include <cctype>
#include <cstdio>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace llvm;
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// Lexer
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// The lexer returns tokens [0-255] if it is an unknown character, otherwise one
// of these for known things.
enum Token {
tok_eof = -1,
// commands
tok_def = -2, tok_extern = -3,
// primary
tok_identifier = -4, tok_number = -5,
// control
tok_if = -6, tok_then = -7, tok_else = -8,
tok_for = -9, tok_in = -10,
// operators
tok_binary = -11, tok_unary = -12,
// var definition
tok_var = -13
};
static std::string IdentifierStr; // Filled in if tok_identifier
static double NumVal; // Filled in if tok_number
/// gettok - Return the next token from standard input.
static int gettok() {
static int LastChar = ' ';
// Skip any whitespace.
while (isspace(LastChar))
LastChar = getchar();
if (isalpha(LastChar)) { // identifier: [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*
IdentifierStr = LastChar;
while (isalnum((LastChar = getchar())))
IdentifierStr += LastChar;
if (IdentifierStr == "def") return tok_def;
if (IdentifierStr == "extern") return tok_extern;
if (IdentifierStr == "if") return tok_if;
if (IdentifierStr == "then") return tok_then;
if (IdentifierStr == "else") return tok_else;
if (IdentifierStr == "for") return tok_for;
if (IdentifierStr == "in") return tok_in;
if (IdentifierStr == "binary") return tok_binary;
if (IdentifierStr == "unary") return tok_unary;
if (IdentifierStr == "var") return tok_var;
return tok_identifier;
}
if (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.') { // Number: [0-9.]+
std::string NumStr;
do {
NumStr += LastChar;
LastChar = getchar();
} while (isdigit(LastChar) || LastChar == '.');
NumVal = strtod(NumStr.c_str(), 0);
return tok_number;
}
if (LastChar == '#') {
// Comment until end of line.
do LastChar = getchar();
while (LastChar != EOF && LastChar != '\n' && LastChar != '\r');
if (LastChar != EOF)
return gettok();
}
// Check for end of file. Don't eat the EOF.
if (LastChar == EOF)
return tok_eof;
// Otherwise, just return the character as its ascii value.
int ThisChar = LastChar;
LastChar = getchar();
return ThisChar;
}
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// Abstract Syntax Tree (aka Parse Tree)
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
/// ExprAST - Base class for all expression nodes.
class ExprAST {
public:
virtual ~ExprAST() {}
virtual Value *Codegen() = 0;
};
/// NumberExprAST - Expression class for numeric literals like "1.0".
class NumberExprAST : public ExprAST {
double Val;
public:
NumberExprAST(double val) : Val(val) {}
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// VariableExprAST - Expression class for referencing a variable, like "a".
class VariableExprAST : public ExprAST {
std::string Name;
public:
VariableExprAST(const std::string &name) : Name(name) {}
const std::string &getName() const { return Name; }
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// UnaryExprAST - Expression class for a unary operator.
class UnaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
char Opcode;
ExprAST *Operand;
public:
UnaryExprAST(char opcode, ExprAST *operand)
: Opcode(opcode), Operand(operand) {}
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// BinaryExprAST - Expression class for a binary operator.
class BinaryExprAST : public ExprAST {
char Op;
ExprAST *LHS, *RHS;
public:
BinaryExprAST(char op, ExprAST *lhs, ExprAST *rhs)
: Op(op), LHS(lhs), RHS(rhs) {}
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// CallExprAST - Expression class for function calls.
class CallExprAST : public ExprAST {
std::string Callee;
std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
public:
CallExprAST(const std::string &callee, std::vector<ExprAST*> &args)
: Callee(callee), Args(args) {}
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// IfExprAST - Expression class for if/then/else.
class IfExprAST : public ExprAST {
ExprAST *Cond, *Then, *Else;
public:
IfExprAST(ExprAST *cond, ExprAST *then, ExprAST *_else)
: Cond(cond), Then(then), Else(_else) {}
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// ForExprAST - Expression class for for/in.
class ForExprAST : public ExprAST {
std::string VarName;
ExprAST *Start, *End, *Step, *Body;
public:
ForExprAST(const std::string &varname, ExprAST *start, ExprAST *end,
ExprAST *step, ExprAST *body)
: VarName(varname), Start(start), End(end), Step(step), Body(body) {}
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// VarExprAST - Expression class for var/in
class VarExprAST : public ExprAST {
std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST*> > VarNames;
ExprAST *Body;
public:
VarExprAST(const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST*> > &varnames,
ExprAST *body)
: VarNames(varnames), Body(body) {}
virtual Value *Codegen();
};
/// PrototypeAST - This class represents the "prototype" for a function,
/// which captures its argument names as well as if it is an operator.
class PrototypeAST {
std::string Name;
std::vector<std::string> Args;
bool isOperator;
unsigned Precedence; // Precedence if a binary op.
public:
PrototypeAST(const std::string &name, const std::vector<std::string> &args,
bool isoperator = false, unsigned prec = 0)
: Name(name), Args(args), isOperator(isoperator), Precedence(prec) {}
bool isUnaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 1; }
bool isBinaryOp() const { return isOperator && Args.size() == 2; }
char getOperatorName() const {
assert(isUnaryOp() || isBinaryOp());
return Name[Name.size()-1];
}
unsigned getBinaryPrecedence() const { return Precedence; }
Function *Codegen();
void CreateArgumentAllocas(Function *F);
};
/// FunctionAST - This class represents a function definition itself.
class FunctionAST {
PrototypeAST *Proto;
ExprAST *Body;
public:
FunctionAST(PrototypeAST *proto, ExprAST *body)
: Proto(proto), Body(body) {}
Function *Codegen();
};
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// Parser
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
/// CurTok/getNextToken - Provide a simple token buffer. CurTok is the current
/// token the parser is looking at. getNextToken reads another token from the
/// lexer and updates CurTok with its results.
static int CurTok;
static int getNextToken() {
return CurTok = gettok();
}
/// BinopPrecedence - This holds the precedence for each binary operator that is
/// defined.
static std::map<char, int> BinopPrecedence;
/// GetTokPrecedence - Get the precedence of the pending binary operator token.
static int GetTokPrecedence() {
if (!isascii(CurTok))
return -1;
// Make sure it's a declared binop.
int TokPrec = BinopPrecedence[CurTok];
if (TokPrec <= 0) return -1;
return TokPrec;
}
/// Error* - These are little helper functions for error handling.
ExprAST *Error(const char *Str) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", Str);return 0;}
PrototypeAST *ErrorP(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
FunctionAST *ErrorF(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
static ExprAST *ParseExpression();
/// identifierexpr
/// ::= identifier
/// ::= identifier '(' expression* ')'
static ExprAST *ParseIdentifierExpr() {
std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
if (CurTok != '(') // Simple variable ref.
return new VariableExprAST(IdName);
// Call.
getNextToken(); // eat (
std::vector<ExprAST*> Args;
if (CurTok != ')') {
while (1) {
ExprAST *Arg = ParseExpression();
if (!Arg) return 0;
Args.push_back(Arg);
if (CurTok == ')') break;
if (CurTok != ',')
return Error("Expected ')' or ',' in argument list");
getNextToken();
}
}
// Eat the ')'.
getNextToken();
return new CallExprAST(IdName, Args);
}
/// numberexpr ::= number
static ExprAST *ParseNumberExpr() {
ExprAST *Result = new NumberExprAST(NumVal);
getNextToken(); // consume the number
return Result;
}
/// parenexpr ::= '(' expression ')'
static ExprAST *ParseParenExpr() {
getNextToken(); // eat (.
ExprAST *V = ParseExpression();
if (!V) return 0;
if (CurTok != ')')
return Error("expected ')'");
getNextToken(); // eat ).
return V;
}
/// ifexpr ::= 'if' expression 'then' expression 'else' expression
static ExprAST *ParseIfExpr() {
getNextToken(); // eat the if.
// condition.
ExprAST *Cond = ParseExpression();
if (!Cond) return 0;
if (CurTok != tok_then)
return Error("expected then");
getNextToken(); // eat the then
ExprAST *Then = ParseExpression();
if (Then == 0) return 0;
if (CurTok != tok_else)
return Error("expected else");
getNextToken();
ExprAST *Else = ParseExpression();
if (!Else) return 0;
return new IfExprAST(Cond, Then, Else);
}
/// forexpr ::= 'for' identifier '=' expr ',' expr (',' expr)? 'in' expression
static ExprAST *ParseForExpr() {
getNextToken(); // eat the for.
if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
return Error("expected identifier after for");
std::string IdName = IdentifierStr;
getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
if (CurTok != '=')
return Error("expected '=' after for");
getNextToken(); // eat '='.
ExprAST *Start = ParseExpression();
if (Start == 0) return 0;
if (CurTok != ',')
return Error("expected ',' after for start value");
getNextToken();
ExprAST *End = ParseExpression();
if (End == 0) return 0;
// The step value is optional.
ExprAST *Step = 0;
if (CurTok == ',') {
getNextToken();
Step = ParseExpression();
if (Step == 0) return 0;
}
if (CurTok != tok_in)
return Error("expected 'in' after for");
getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
if (Body == 0) return 0;
return new ForExprAST(IdName, Start, End, Step, Body);
}
/// varexpr ::= 'var' identifier ('=' expression)?
// (',' identifier ('=' expression)?)* 'in' expression
static ExprAST *ParseVarExpr() {
getNextToken(); // eat the var.
std::vector<std::pair<std::string, ExprAST*> > VarNames;
// At least one variable name is required.
if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
return Error("expected identifier after var");
while (1) {
std::string Name = IdentifierStr;
getNextToken(); // eat identifier.
// Read the optional initializer.
ExprAST *Init = 0;
if (CurTok == '=') {
getNextToken(); // eat the '='.
Init = ParseExpression();
if (Init == 0) return 0;
}
VarNames.push_back(std::make_pair(Name, Init));
// End of var list, exit loop.
if (CurTok != ',') break;
getNextToken(); // eat the ','.
if (CurTok != tok_identifier)
return Error("expected identifier list after var");
}
// At this point, we have to have 'in'.
if (CurTok != tok_in)
return Error("expected 'in' keyword after 'var'");
getNextToken(); // eat 'in'.
ExprAST *Body = ParseExpression();
if (Body == 0) return 0;
return new VarExprAST(VarNames, Body);
}
/// primary
/// ::= identifierexpr
/// ::= numberexpr
/// ::= parenexpr
/// ::= ifexpr
/// ::= forexpr
/// ::= varexpr
static ExprAST *ParsePrimary() {
switch (CurTok) {
default: return Error("unknown token when expecting an expression");
case tok_identifier: return ParseIdentifierExpr();
case tok_number: return ParseNumberExpr();
case '(': return ParseParenExpr();
case tok_if: return ParseIfExpr();
case tok_for: return ParseForExpr();
case tok_var: return ParseVarExpr();
}
}
/// unary
/// ::= primary
/// ::= '!' unary
static ExprAST *ParseUnary() {
// If the current token is not an operator, it must be a primary expr.
if (!isascii(CurTok) || CurTok == '(' || CurTok == ',')
return ParsePrimary();
// If this is a unary operator, read it.
int Opc = CurTok;
getNextToken();
if (ExprAST *Operand = ParseUnary())
return new UnaryExprAST(Opc, Operand);
return 0;
}
/// binoprhs
/// ::= ('+' unary)*
static ExprAST *ParseBinOpRHS(int ExprPrec, ExprAST *LHS) {
// If this is a binop, find its precedence.
while (1) {
int TokPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
// If this is a binop that binds at least as tightly as the current binop,
// consume it, otherwise we are done.
if (TokPrec < ExprPrec)
return LHS;
// Okay, we know this is a binop.
int BinOp = CurTok;
getNextToken(); // eat binop
// Parse the unary expression after the binary operator.
ExprAST *RHS = ParseUnary();
if (!RHS) return 0;
// If BinOp binds less tightly with RHS than the operator after RHS, let
// the pending operator take RHS as its LHS.
int NextPrec = GetTokPrecedence();
if (TokPrec < NextPrec) {
RHS = ParseBinOpRHS(TokPrec+1, RHS);
if (RHS == 0) return 0;
}
// Merge LHS/RHS.
LHS = new BinaryExprAST(BinOp, LHS, RHS);
}
}
/// expression
/// ::= unary binoprhs
///
static ExprAST *ParseExpression() {
ExprAST *LHS = ParseUnary();
if (!LHS) return 0;
return ParseBinOpRHS(0, LHS);
}
/// prototype
/// ::= id '(' id* ')'
/// ::= binary LETTER number? (id, id)
/// ::= unary LETTER (id)
static PrototypeAST *ParsePrototype() {
std::string FnName;
unsigned Kind = 0; // 0 = identifier, 1 = unary, 2 = binary.
unsigned BinaryPrecedence = 30;
switch (CurTok) {
default:
return ErrorP("Expected function name in prototype");
case tok_identifier:
FnName = IdentifierStr;
Kind = 0;
getNextToken();
break;
case tok_unary:
getNextToken();
if (!isascii(CurTok))
return ErrorP("Expected unary operator");
FnName = "unary";
FnName += (char)CurTok;
Kind = 1;
getNextToken();
break;
case tok_binary:
getNextToken();
if (!isascii(CurTok))
return ErrorP("Expected binary operator");
FnName = "binary";
FnName += (char)CurTok;
Kind = 2;
getNextToken();
// Read the precedence if present.
if (CurTok == tok_number) {
if (NumVal < 1 || NumVal > 100)
return ErrorP("Invalid precedecnce: must be 1..100");
BinaryPrecedence = (unsigned)NumVal;
getNextToken();
}
break;
}
if (CurTok != '(')
return ErrorP("Expected '(' in prototype");
std::vector<std::string> ArgNames;
while (getNextToken() == tok_identifier)
ArgNames.push_back(IdentifierStr);
if (CurTok != ')')
return ErrorP("Expected ')' in prototype");
// success.
getNextToken(); // eat ')'.
// Verify right number of names for operator.
if (Kind && ArgNames.size() != Kind)
return ErrorP("Invalid number of operands for operator");
return new PrototypeAST(FnName, ArgNames, Kind != 0, BinaryPrecedence);
}
/// definition ::= 'def' prototype expression
static FunctionAST *ParseDefinition() {
getNextToken(); // eat def.
PrototypeAST *Proto = ParsePrototype();
if (Proto == 0) return 0;
if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression())
return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
return 0;
}
/// toplevelexpr ::= expression
static FunctionAST *ParseTopLevelExpr() {
if (ExprAST *E = ParseExpression()) {
// Make an anonymous proto.
PrototypeAST *Proto = new PrototypeAST("", std::vector<std::string>());
return new FunctionAST(Proto, E);
}
return 0;
}
/// external ::= 'extern' prototype
static PrototypeAST *ParseExtern() {
getNextToken(); // eat extern.
return ParsePrototype();
}
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// Code Generation
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
static Module *TheModule;
static FunctionPassManager *TheFPM;
static LLVMContext TheContext;
static IRBuilder<> Builder(TheContext);
static std::map<std::string, AllocaInst*> NamedValues;
Value *ErrorV(const char *Str) { Error(Str); return 0; }
/// CreateEntryBlockAlloca - Create an alloca instruction in the entry block of
/// the function. This is used for mutable variables etc.
static AllocaInst *CreateEntryBlockAlloca(Function *TheFunction,
const std::string &VarName) {
IRBuilder<> TmpB(&TheFunction->getEntryBlock(),
TheFunction->getEntryBlock().begin());
return TmpB.CreateAlloca(Type::getDoubleTy(TheContext), 0, VarName.c_str());
}
Value *NumberExprAST::Codegen() {
return ConstantFP::get(TheContext, APFloat(Val));
}
Value *VariableExprAST::Codegen() {
// Look this variable up in the function.
Value *V = NamedValues[Name];
if (V == 0) return ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
// Load the value.
return Builder.CreateLoad(V, Name.c_str());
}
Value *UnaryExprAST::Codegen() {
Value *OperandV = Operand->Codegen();
if (OperandV == 0) return 0;
#ifdef USE_MCJIT
Function *F = TheHelper->getFunction(MakeLegalFunctionName(std::string("unary")+Opcode));
#else
Function *F = TheModule->getFunction(std::string("unary")+Opcode);
#endif
if (F == 0)
return ErrorV("Unknown unary operator");
return Builder.CreateCall(F, OperandV, "unop");
}
Value *BinaryExprAST::Codegen() {
// Special case '=' because we don't want to emit the LHS as an expression.
if (Op == '=') {
// Assignment requires the LHS to be an identifier.
VariableExprAST *LHSE = dynamic_cast<VariableExprAST*>(LHS);
if (!LHSE)
return ErrorV("destination of '=' must be a variable");
// Codegen the RHS.
Value *Val = RHS->Codegen();
if (Val == 0) return 0;
// Look up the name.
Value *Variable = NamedValues[LHSE->getName()];
if (Variable == 0) return ErrorV("Unknown variable name");
Builder.CreateStore(Val, Variable);
return Val;
}
Value *L = LHS->Codegen();
Value *R = RHS->Codegen();
if (L == 0 || R == 0) return 0;
switch (Op) {
case '+': return Builder.CreateFAdd(L, R, "addtmp");
case '-': return Builder.CreateFSub(L, R, "subtmp");
case '*': return Builder.CreateFMul(L, R, "multmp");
case '/': return Builder.CreateFDiv(L, R, "divtmp");
case '<':
L = Builder.CreateFCmpULT(L, R, "cmptmp");
// Convert bool 0/1 to double 0.0 or 1.0
return Builder.CreateUIToFP(L, Type::getDoubleTy(TheContext), "booltmp");
default: break;
}
// If it wasn't a builtin binary operator, it must be a user defined one. Emit
// a call to it.
Function *F = TheModule->getFunction(std::string("binary")+Op);
assert(F && "binary operator not found!");
Value *Ops[] = { L, R };
return Builder.CreateCall(F, Ops, "binop");
}
Value *CallExprAST::Codegen() {
// Look up the name in the global module table.
Function *CalleeF = TheModule->getFunction(Callee);
if (CalleeF == 0) {
char error_str[64];
sprintf(error_str, "Unknown function referenced %s", Callee.c_str());
return ErrorV(error_str);
}
// If argument mismatch error.
if (CalleeF->arg_size() != Args.size())
return ErrorV("Incorrect # arguments passed");
std::vector<Value*> ArgsV;
for (unsigned i = 0, e = Args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
ArgsV.push_back(Args[i]->Codegen());
if (ArgsV.back() == 0) return 0;
}
return Builder.CreateCall(CalleeF, ArgsV, "calltmp");
}
Value *IfExprAST::Codegen() {
Value *CondV = Cond->Codegen();
if (CondV == 0) return 0;
// Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
CondV = Builder.CreateFCmpONE(
CondV, ConstantFP::get(TheContext, APFloat(0.0)), "ifcond");
Function *TheFunction = Builder.GetInsertBlock()->getParent();
// Create blocks for the then and else cases. Insert the 'then' block at the
// end of the function.
BasicBlock *ThenBB = BasicBlock::Create(TheContext, "then", TheFunction);
BasicBlock *ElseBB = BasicBlock::Create(TheContext, "else");
BasicBlock *MergeBB = BasicBlock::Create(TheContext, "ifcont");
Builder.CreateCondBr(CondV, ThenBB, ElseBB);
// Emit then value.
Builder.SetInsertPoint(ThenBB);
Value *ThenV = Then->Codegen();
if (ThenV == 0) return 0;
Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
// Codegen of 'Then' can change the current block, update ThenBB for the PHI.
ThenBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
// Emit else block.
TheFunction->insert(TheFunction->end(), ElseBB);
Builder.SetInsertPoint(ElseBB);
Value *ElseV = Else->Codegen();
if (ElseV == 0) return 0;
Builder.CreateBr(MergeBB);
// Codegen of 'Else' can change the current block, update ElseBB for the PHI.
ElseBB = Builder.GetInsertBlock();
// Emit merge block.
TheFunction->insert(TheFunction->end(), MergeBB);
Builder.SetInsertPoint(MergeBB);
PHINode *PN = Builder.CreatePHI(Type::getDoubleTy(TheContext), 2, "iftmp");
PN->addIncoming(ThenV, ThenBB);
PN->addIncoming(ElseV, ElseBB);
return PN;
}
Value *ForExprAST::Codegen() {
// Output this as:
// var = alloca double
// ...
// start = startexpr
// store start -> var
// goto loop
// loop:
// ...
// bodyexpr
// ...
// loopend:
// step = stepexpr
// endcond = endexpr
//
// curvar = load var
// nextvar = curvar + step
// store nextvar -> var
// br endcond, loop, endloop
// outloop:
Function *TheFunction = Builder.GetInsertBlock()->getParent();
// Create an alloca for the variable in the entry block.
AllocaInst *Alloca = CreateEntryBlockAlloca(TheFunction, VarName);
// Emit the start code first, without 'variable' in scope.
Value *StartVal = Start->Codegen();
if (StartVal == 0) return 0;
// Store the value into the alloca.
Builder.CreateStore(StartVal, Alloca);
// Make the new basic block for the loop header, inserting after current
// block.
BasicBlock *LoopBB = BasicBlock::Create(TheContext, "loop", TheFunction);
// Insert an explicit fall through from the current block to the LoopBB.
Builder.CreateBr(LoopBB);
// Start insertion in LoopBB.
Builder.SetInsertPoint(LoopBB);
// Within the loop, the variable is defined equal to the PHI node. If it
// shadows an existing variable, we have to restore it, so save it now.
AllocaInst *OldVal = NamedValues[VarName];
NamedValues[VarName] = Alloca;
// Emit the body of the loop. This, like any other expr, can change the
// current BB. Note that we ignore the value computed by the body, but don't
// allow an error.
if (Body->Codegen() == 0)
return 0;
// Emit the step value.
Value *StepVal;
if (Step) {
StepVal = Step->Codegen();
if (StepVal == 0) return 0;
} else {
// If not specified, use 1.0.
StepVal = ConstantFP::get(TheContext, APFloat(1.0));
}
// Compute the end condition.
Value *EndCond = End->Codegen();
if (EndCond == 0) return EndCond;
// Reload, increment, and restore the alloca. This handles the case where
// the body of the loop mutates the variable.
Value *CurVar = Builder.CreateLoad(Alloca, VarName.c_str());
Value *NextVar = Builder.CreateFAdd(CurVar, StepVal, "nextvar");
Builder.CreateStore(NextVar, Alloca);
// Convert condition to a bool by comparing equal to 0.0.
EndCond = Builder.CreateFCmpONE(
EndCond, ConstantFP::get(TheContext, APFloat(0.0)), "loopcond");
// Create the "after loop" block and insert it.
BasicBlock *AfterBB =
BasicBlock::Create(TheContext, "afterloop", TheFunction);
// Insert the conditional branch into the end of LoopEndBB.
Builder.CreateCondBr(EndCond, LoopBB, AfterBB);
// Any new code will be inserted in AfterBB.
Builder.SetInsertPoint(AfterBB);
// Restore the unshadowed variable.
if (OldVal)
NamedValues[VarName] = OldVal;
else
NamedValues.erase(VarName);
// for expr always returns 0.0.
return Constant::getNullValue(Type::getDoubleTy(TheContext));
}
Value *VarExprAST::Codegen() {
std::vector<AllocaInst *> OldBindings;
Function *TheFunction = Builder.GetInsertBlock()->getParent();
// Register all variables and emit their initializer.
for (unsigned i = 0, e = VarNames.size(); i != e; ++i) {
const std::string &VarName = VarNames[i].first;
ExprAST *Init = VarNames[i].second;
// Emit the initializer before adding the variable to scope, this prevents
// the initializer from referencing the variable itself, and permits stuff
// like this:
// var a = 1 in
// var a = a in ... # refers to outer 'a'.
Value *InitVal;
if (Init) {
InitVal = Init->Codegen();
if (InitVal == 0) return 0;
} else { // If not specified, use 0.0.
InitVal = ConstantFP::get(TheContext, APFloat(0.0));
}
AllocaInst *Alloca = CreateEntryBlockAlloca(TheFunction, VarName);
Builder.CreateStore(InitVal, Alloca);
// Remember the old variable binding so that we can restore the binding when
// we unrecurse.
OldBindings.push_back(NamedValues[VarName]);
// Remember this binding.
NamedValues[VarName] = Alloca;
}
// Codegen the body, now that all vars are in scope.
Value *BodyVal = Body->Codegen();
if (BodyVal == 0) return 0;
// Pop all our variables from scope.
for (unsigned i = 0, e = VarNames.size(); i != e; ++i)
NamedValues[VarNames[i].first] = OldBindings[i];
// Return the body computation.
return BodyVal;
}
Function *PrototypeAST::Codegen() {
// Make the function type: double(double,double) etc.
std::vector<Type *> Doubles(Args.size(), Type::getDoubleTy(TheContext));
FunctionType *FT =
FunctionType::get(Type::getDoubleTy(TheContext), Doubles, false);
Function *F = Function::Create(FT, Function::ExternalLinkage, Name, TheModule);
// If F conflicted, there was already something named 'Name'. If it has a
// body, don't allow redefinition or reextern.
if (F->getName() != Name) {
// Delete the one we just made and get the existing one.
F->eraseFromParent();
F = TheModule->getFunction(Name);
// If F already has a body, reject this.
if (!F->empty()) {
ErrorF("redefinition of function");
return 0;
}
// If F took a different number of args, reject.
if (F->arg_size() != Args.size()) {
ErrorF("redefinition of function with different # args");
return 0;
}
}
// Set names for all arguments.
unsigned Idx = 0;
for (Function::arg_iterator AI = F->arg_begin(); Idx != Args.size();
++AI, ++Idx)
AI->setName(Args[Idx]);
return F;
}
/// CreateArgumentAllocas - Create an alloca for each argument and register the
/// argument in the symbol table so that references to it will succeed.
void PrototypeAST::CreateArgumentAllocas(Function *F) {
Function::arg_iterator AI = F->arg_begin();
for (unsigned Idx = 0, e = Args.size(); Idx != e; ++Idx, ++AI) {
// Create an alloca for this variable.
AllocaInst *Alloca = CreateEntryBlockAlloca(F, Args[Idx]);
// Store the initial value into the alloca.
Builder.CreateStore(AI, Alloca);
// Add arguments to variable symbol table.
NamedValues[Args[Idx]] = Alloca;
}
}
Function *FunctionAST::Codegen() {
NamedValues.clear();
Function *TheFunction = Proto->Codegen();
if (TheFunction == 0)
return 0;
// If this is an operator, install it.
if (Proto->isBinaryOp())
BinopPrecedence[Proto->getOperatorName()] = Proto->getBinaryPrecedence();
// Create a new basic block to start insertion into.
BasicBlock *BB = BasicBlock::Create(TheContext, "entry", TheFunction);
Builder.SetInsertPoint(BB);
// Add all arguments to the symbol table and create their allocas.
Proto->CreateArgumentAllocas(TheFunction);
if (Value *RetVal = Body->Codegen()) {
// Finish off the function.
Builder.CreateRet(RetVal);
// Validate the generated code, checking for consistency.
verifyFunction(*TheFunction);
// Optimize the function.
TheFPM->run(*TheFunction);
return TheFunction;
}
// Error reading body, remove function.
TheFunction->eraseFromParent();
if (Proto->isBinaryOp())
BinopPrecedence.erase(Proto->getOperatorName());
return 0;
}
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// Top-Level parsing and JIT Driver
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
static ExecutionEngine *TheExecutionEngine;
static void HandleDefinition() {
if (FunctionAST *F = ParseDefinition()) {
if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
#ifndef MINIMAL_STDERR_OUTPUT
fprintf(stderr, "Read function definition:");
LF->print(errs());
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
}
} else {
// Skip token for error recovery.
getNextToken();
}
}
static void HandleExtern() {
if (PrototypeAST *P = ParseExtern()) {
if (Function *F = P->Codegen()) {
#ifndef MINIMAL_STDERR_OUTPUT
fprintf(stderr, "Read extern: ");
F->print(errs());
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
}
} else {
// Skip token for error recovery.
getNextToken();
}
}
static void HandleTopLevelExpression() {
// Evaluate a top-level expression into an anonymous function.
if (FunctionAST *F = ParseTopLevelExpr()) {
if (Function *LF = F->Codegen()) {
// JIT the function, returning a function pointer.
void *FPtr = TheExecutionEngine->getPointerToFunction(LF);
// Cast it to the right type (takes no arguments, returns a double) so we
// can call it as a native function.
double (*FP)() = (double (*)())(intptr_t)FPtr;
#ifdef MINIMAL_STDERR_OUTPUT
FP();
#else
fprintf(stderr, "Evaluated to %f\n", FP());
#endif
}
} else {
// Skip token for error recovery.
getNextToken();
}
}
/// top ::= definition | external | expression | ';'
static void MainLoop() {
while (1) {
#ifndef MINIMAL_STDERR_OUTPUT
fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
#endif
switch (CurTok) {
case tok_eof: return;
case ';': getNextToken(); break; // ignore top-level semicolons.
case tok_def: HandleDefinition(); break;
case tok_extern: HandleExtern(); break;
default: HandleTopLevelExpression(); break;
}
}
}
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// "Library" functions that can be "extern'd" from user code.
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
/// putchard - putchar that takes a double and returns 0.
extern "C"
double putchard(double X) {
putchar((char)X);
return 0;
}
/// printd - printf that takes a double prints it as "%f\n", returning 0.
extern "C"
double printd(double X) {
printf("%f", X);
return 0;
}
extern "C"
double printlf() {
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
// Main driver code.
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
InitializeNativeTarget();
LLVMContext &Context = TheContext;
// Install standard binary operators.
// 1 is lowest precedence.
BinopPrecedence['='] = 2;
BinopPrecedence['<'] = 10;
BinopPrecedence['+'] = 20;
BinopPrecedence['-'] = 20;
BinopPrecedence['/'] = 40;
BinopPrecedence['*'] = 40; // highest.
// Make the module, which holds all the code.
TheModule = new Module("my cool jit", Context);
// Create the JIT. This takes ownership of the module.
std::string ErrStr;
TheExecutionEngine = EngineBuilder(TheModule).setErrorStr(&ErrStr).create();
if (!TheExecutionEngine) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not create ExecutionEngine: %s\n", ErrStr.c_str());
exit(1);
}
FunctionPassManager OurFPM(TheModule);
// Set up the optimizer pipeline. Start with registering info about how the
// target lays out data structures.
OurFPM.add(new DataLayout(*TheExecutionEngine->getDataLayout()));
// Provide basic AliasAnalysis support for GVN.
OurFPM.add(createBasicAliasAnalysisPass());
// Promote allocas to registers.
OurFPM.add(createPromoteMemoryToRegisterPass());
// Do simple "peephole" optimizations and bit-twiddling optzns.
OurFPM.add(createInstructionCombiningPass());
// Reassociate expressions.
OurFPM.add(createReassociatePass());
// Eliminate Common SubExpressions.
OurFPM.add(createGVNPass());
// Simplify the control flow graph (deleting unreachable blocks, etc).
OurFPM.add(createCFGSimplificationPass());
OurFPM.doInitialization();
// Set the global so the code gen can use this.
TheFPM = &OurFPM;
// Prime the first token.
#ifndef MINIMAL_STDERR_OUTPUT
fprintf(stderr, "ready> ");
#endif
getNextToken();
// Run the main "interpreter loop" now.
MainLoop();
// Print out all of the generated code.
TheFPM = 0;
#ifndef MINIMAL_STDERR_OUTPUT
TheModule->print(errs(), nullptr);
#endif
return 0;
}
``` |
Okręglica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sadowie, within Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Sadowie, north of Opatów, and east of the regional capital Kielce.
References
Villages in Opatów County |
Garry Mauro (born February 21, 1948) is an American politician. He was the four-term commissioner of the Texas General Land Office from 1983 to 1999 during the administrations of Governors Mark White, Bill Clements, Ann Richards, and George W. Bush. He is also known for losing the 1998 Texas gubernatorial election to Bush, who at that time was the incumbent governor seeking re-election. He is a member of the Democratic Party.
Life and career
Mauro, a native of Bryan, Texas, attended Waco, Texas Reicher Catholic High School. He attended college at Texas A&M University in College Station. He subsequently attended the University of Texas Law School.
Mauro went to work for United States Senator Ralph Yarborough after graduation from law school. He became Executive Director of the Texas Democratic Party by the time he was 30.
At 34 in 1982, he was elected to the statewide office of Texas Land Commissioner. Despite being targeted for defeat by the state Republican Party, he was re-elected three times.
Mauro became the second longest-serving Land Commissioner in Texas history serving a total of 16 years in office. He is credited by many for bringing new relevance to the office and taking the lead on important issues, including many environmental initiatives.
As chairman of the Veteran's Land Board, Mauro pushed legislation passed in 1983 that expanded the investment authority of the board and provided for increased loan ceiling for land and housing. The program was expanded to include certain National Guard personnel. He moved for exceptionally low interest rates, which led to a record number of housing loans for Texas veterans. In 1993, Mauro campaigned to gain voter approval of an additional $500 million in bonds for veterans housing loans and $250 million in bonds for land loans.
In 1989, the Texas Legislature approved a Mauro initiative to reduce air pollution and to sell more natural gas. The bill requires fleet operators in larger cities to convert to clean-burning fuels, including compressed natural gas. Mauro was appointed by Speaker Jim Wright to a Task Force that put similar measures in the re-authorization of the Clean Air Act. In 1993, President Bill Clinton appointed Mauro to be the Chairman of the Federal Fleet Conversion Task Force for Alternative Fuels which further implemented those measures.
Also in 1989, the Legislature passed a bill pushed by Mauro to facilitate the recycling of plastics. The bill requires manufacturers to code their plastic items according to resins used.
Mauro convinced the U.S. Senate to ratify the Annex V provision of the MARPOL Treaty, which outlaws the dumping of plastic items in the world's oceans. His main objective was to help clean up the Gulf of Mexico and reduce beach litter. His efforts also have resulted in the International Maritime Organization designating the Gulf and the
"Wider Caribbean" as a "special area" to prohibit ships from dumping anything in the Gulf, with the exception of finely-ground food scraps.
In 1991, Mauro played a key role in gaining passage of the Oil Spill Prevention & Response Act which makes the land office the lead state agency for spills in state waters, and coastal management legislation which gives the Land Office a strong hand in matters of environmental consequence along the coast.
The 1991 omnibus recycling bill backed by Mauro requires state purchasers to give preference to goods made of recycled materials, set a state goal of recycling 40 percent of the garbage stream, provided for development of standards for collection of household hazardous wastes, and for the recycling of old tires, batteries, and used motor oil. The Land Office made a statewide marketing study to facilitate the development of recycling businesses in the state.
In 1992, he served as the Texas State Chairman for Bill Clinton's presidential campaign. He took on the same role in 1996 for Clinton-Gore, in 2000 for Al Gore (as a co-chairman) and in 2004 for Dick Gephardt. In 2008 and again in 2016, he served as the Texas State Director for Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign.
After leaving office in 1999, he was appointed to the Fannie Mae Board of Directors by President Bill Clinton.
He is referenced in Bill Clinton's 2004 memoir My Life. Mauro met the future President and First Lady in 1972 while working on George McGovern's presidential campaign in Austin.
Mauro is the author of the memoir Beaches, Bureaucrats & Big Oil: One Man's Fight for Texas. The book was published in 1997.
Mauro is a member of the Bar in Texas and the District of Columbia. He serves as Chairman of the Board for LifeVantage Corporation. He holds a Series 6 & 7 Securities license and is a Managing Director for EntrustGlobal. He is also a Partner of Mauro Archer and Associates LLC, a law firm in Washington, DC.
Mauro lives in Austin, Texas and has 5 children.
References
|-
1948 births
Commissioners of the General Land Office of Texas
Living people
Politicians from Austin, Texas
People from Bryan, Texas
Texas A&M University alumni
Texas Democrats
Texas lawyers
Writers from Texas |
John Cheney may refer to:
John Cheyne (speaker), (died 1414) aka John Cheney
John Cheyne, Baron Cheyne, also written John Cheney, Baron Cheney
John Cheney (gentleman at arms), 16th century gentleman at arms, politician and murderer
John Cheney (engraver) (1801–1885), American engraver
John Moses Cheney (1859–1922), American judge
John Sherwood Cheney (1827–1910), American businessman and politician
John Vance Cheney (1848–1922), American librarian
See also
John Cheyne (disambiguation)
John Chaney (disambiguation) |
The Toyota Camry (XV40) is a mid-size car produced by Toyota from January 2006 to October 2011. Replacing the XV30 series, the XV40 represented the sixth generation of the Toyota Camry in all markets outside Japan, which followed a different generational lineage. Between 2006 and 2010, a badged engineered model called Daihatsu Altis sold alongside the Camry in Japan. Toyota replaced the XV40 series in 2011 with the XV50.
Introduced at the January 2006 North American International Auto Show, the XV40 made its North American sales debut in March 2006 as a 2007 model. For the first time, a gasoline/electric hybrid version of Camry was offered in addition to the naturally aspirated four- and six-cylinder engines.
Like the previous XV30 model, the XV40 was offered in two distinct forms. The Camry sold in Australasia and North America was the same as the version available in Japan; the version sold in China and the majority of Southeast Asia was based on the Australian-designed XV40 Aurion. The Aurion was essentially the same as the regular Camry, albeit, with revised front- and rear-end styling, and minor alterations to the interior.
Design
Like the previous XV30, the design of the XV40 series Toyota Camry was split into two separate configurations: "regular" and "prestige". The "regular Camry" is sold in Australasia, Hong Kong, India, Japan, the Middle East, North America and Russia. However, the "prestige Camry" is an Australian-designed model sold alongside the "regular Camry" in Australasia and the Middle East as the Aurion. China and most Southeast Asian countries also receive the Aurion, although it is badged "Toyota Camry" as the regular car is not offered in those markets.
Regular Camry
Making its debut at the January 2006 North American International Auto Show, the XV40 Camry takes a sleeker shape compared to its predecessor. The design is based on Toyota's "vibrant clarity" corporate design language, with a three-bar grille and stepped hood and trunk. The chief engineer for the XV40 was Kenichiro Fuse. Development began in early 2002 under the chief engineer Kenichiro Fuse. A final design was set in September 2003 and frozen in August 2004, 17 months ahead of production. Design patents were filed on 27 December 2005 at the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
The XV40 was redesigned to incorporate a longer wheelbase, wider wheel tracks and a stiffer body. Although overall length is equal to its predecessor, Toyota maximized interior volume—especially fore-and-aft space. This was achieved by moving the base of the windshield and rear glass outwards and by the redesigning of the front seats. At , cargo space has been reduced by over the previous model. The SE/Sportivo provides due to the placement of bracing behind the rear seat, with the hybrid version falling to due to the placement of the battery pack. The XV40's underbody is stepped, creating a venturi effect and hence a low-pressure area under the front end to increase downforce. Other aerodynamic design features include a stepped engine undercover and rear wheel fairings to channel airflow around the tires. The coefficient of drag figure remains at 0.28, falling to 0.27 for the hybrid version (which makes it the most aerodynamic car built in Australia).
The sports-oriented model, known as the "SE" in North America and "Sportivo" in Australasia, was developed by Toyota Australia. It features a black "honeycomb" grille, black-tinted head and fog lamps, rear lip spoiler, body kit appendages, and a lower ride height coupled with wider and larger 17-inch diameter wheels. To increase rear-end downforce, the SE/Sportivo includes additional rear floor and fuel tank undercovers. Handling-specific upgrades see the use of firmer shock absorbers, a rise in spring rate, thicker anti-roll bars, additional floor and body side bracing, and a "V"-brace behind the rear seat (which prevents the rear seat from folding down, offering a ski-pass only). Interior changes include charcoal-colored sports fabric and a leather-wrapped three-spoke steering wheel. In addition to the sports-oriented suspension setup, Toyota Australia's standard-grade suspension calibration has also been adopted by New Zealand, the Middle East and North America. The suspension geometry consists of independent MacPherson struts, L-arms, coil springs, gas dampers and a ball-jointed stabilizer bar at the front, with the rear setup comprising dual-link independent MacPherson struts with coil springs, gas dampers and ball-jointed stabilizer bar.
Toyota introduced a refreshed "regular" Camry XV40 design in January 2009 at the North American International Auto Show. Visual changes include an updated front fascia, including grille and bumper with larger air intakes, larger projector headlamps, redesigned tail lamp lenses incorporating LEDs on all models (previously hybrids only) and revised wheel trims among other design changes. The interior received revised trim, improved power window switches and a revamped audio system. The audio system now supports satellite radio (in North America) and added USB connectivity, with the dashboard-mounted screen now integrating a backup camera for models fitted with satellite navigation.
Prestige Camry (Aurion)
The Camry sold in the majority of Southeast Asia, China and Taiwan is referred to as the "prestige Camry" by Toyota officials in Japan. The prestige Camry is a rebadged XV40 Aurion, a regional product designed in Australia and based on the regular Camry. Although front and rear fascias are unique to the Aurion, the body sides including doors and rear quarters, the greenhouse and roof are interchangeable with the regular Camry. This component sharing also means that Aurion has the same wheelbase, axle tracks and interior dimensions. From the inside, the Aurion also shares a common interior design with the Camry, including an almost identical lower dashboard, but gaining a redesigned upper dash portion and revamped center console. In the Middle East, the Aurion shares its dashboard with the regular Camry.
Like the Camry, the Aurion was designed with Toyota's "vibrant clarity" design language. However, the Aurion also integrates a "vibrant clarity" theory known as "perfect imbalance" that involves body features that act as a counterpoint to other body features. Examples of this include intersecting concave and convex surfaces and vertical sculpted features on the front fascia, which are balanced by the horizontal headlamps. The front-end's "double concave architecture" can also be characterized by its protruding hood crease line and deep grille. The same architecture is applied at the rear, with a deep bumper, a clamshell-shaped trunk lid that envelops over the flanks, dual exhaust pipes and tail lamps.
Hybrid
The XV40 was the first Camry series available with a gasoline/electric hybrid drivetrain (see: below). Known as the "Toyota Camry Hybrid", the gasoline–electric model premiered in January 2006—alongside the non-hybrid car. Camry Hybrids were initially built solely at the Tsutsumi plant in Toyota, Aichi, Japan, although the hybrid has never been available for purchase in its home market. Since October 2006, models for the North American market shifted production to Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky in the United States. Toyota Australia began local manufacture of the hybrid on 11 December 2009 at its Altona, Victoria plant. In Australasia, the car is known as the "Toyota Hybrid Camry", as opposed to "Camry Hybrid". Since May 2009, the hybrid model has also been produced at Toyota Motor Thailand's Gateway plant in Chachoengsao. Unlike the Camry Hybrid models produced elsewhere, the Thai models are based on the "prestige Camry" design. As of August 2009, worldwide sales of the Camry Hybrid represent 8.3 percent of Toyota's total hybrid sales, ranking second after the Toyota Prius, with more than 167,000 Camry Hybrids sold. As of December 2009, cumulative sales of the Camry Hybrid had reached 154,977 units in the US, placing it as the third best selling electric hybrid car in that market.
Compared to the gasoline-only variants, several features are unique to the hybrid. In addition to the hybrid powertrain, the Camry Hybrid employs electric power steering, brakes, and air conditioning that are fully operational once the internal combustion engine is deactivated. The car can run in an all-electric mode, gasoline-only or both. A real-time dashboard screen shows power distribution and the operation of the hybrid system and the tachometer is replaced by an analog fuel economy readout. The hybrid drivetrain has also necessitated a redesigned front subframe, along with remodeled rear and center floor pressings. This was required to accommodate the battery pack, which is stowed in the trunk. Other differences include wheel spats and underbody pans which reduce aerodynamic drag from 0.28 to 0.27 cd, an "Eco" operating mode for the HVAC system that reduces the output of air conditioning to assist fuel economy, and Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM). Cosmetic changes are limited to redesigned tail lights with LEDs, a chrome-lined grille, as opposed to the color-coded version on every other Camry trim, and hybrid-oriented emblems including "Hybrid" badging on the front fenders and a decklid-mounted "Hybrid Synergy Drive" logo.
For the facelifted version that debuted at the January 2009 North American International Auto Show, Toyota worked to better differentiate the styling of the hybrid away from the rest of the Camry range. This was achieved by fitting a distinct front fascia with a large, central air dam, vertically slotted fog lamps, and a single-blade grille. From the rear, the tail lamps abstain from the primarily red lens inserts fitted previously, to predominantly clear lenses, while the interior receives a newly designed fuel economy gauge. The design registrations for the facelifted Camry Hybrid, noting changes made to the original were filed on 19 December 2008 at the US Patent and Trademark Office.
Powertrain
Powertrain options for the Camry XV40 comprised both four- and six-cylinder engines with manual and automatic transmissions. The entry-level engine was a 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE four-cylinder in front-wheel drive configuration available with manual and automatic transmissions, both five-speed units. For the Japanese market only, an all-wheel drive variant of the 2.4-liter engine was available, although a four-speed automatic was the sole transmission fitted. All other XV40 series Camrys utilize front-wheel drive. XV40s produced in the United States from January 2009 saw the 2.4-liter 2AZ-FE powerplant replaced by the 2.5-liter 2AR-FE engine and with it bringing new six-speed manual and automatic transmissions. In some markets, the top-level powertrain combination was a 3.5-liter 2GR-FE V6 engine paired exclusively to a six-speed automatic.
Toyota also offered a hybrid electric version of the 2.4-liter engine, designated 2AZ-FXE that employs the Atkinson cycle to maximize fuel economy. The hybrid utilizes Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) system and makes use of Toyota's electronic continuously variable transmission (e-CVT)—a mechanism similar in function to a regular CVT. The gasoline engine produces and of torque, with the 650-volt electric motor providing and . Working in conjunction, both powerplants produce a total combined output of , however, due to the intricacy of quantifying a combined torque figure, Toyota has not provided one. The battery pack utilized by the hybrid version is a trunk-mounted nickel-metal hydride unit, weighing in at about . Approximately of hybrid hardware is fitted to the car in total. However, Toyota claims this is negated by the increased output courtesy of the electric motor that improves acceleration by an estimated 15 percent over the non-hybrid 2.4-liter, five-speed automatic variant. At the November 2008 LA Auto Show, Toyota unveiled a concept compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered hybrid electric version.
Safety
Toyota improved the Camry's safety by increasing the XV40's structural rigidity. This has been achieved through the application of ultra high-tensile steel, which is hot stamped to the Camry's roof, A- and B-pillars, and rocker panels. The structure of the front seat mounts were designed to transfer side collision impact loads across the car.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) awarded the Camry sedan an overall rating of "good" in both frontal offset and side impact crash tests. Both tests also receive the "good" rating in all 14 measured categories, and is also rated "good" in the roof strength test with a 5.31 strength-to-weight ratio withstanding a peak force of . The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) originally rated the XV40 the full five-star rating for the frontal driver, frontal passenger, side driver, and side rear passenger tests, and a four-star rating for the rollover test. However, under the new NHTSA testing methodology introduced in 2010, the 2011 model year XV40 was downgraded to a three-star rating. This overall vehicle score was broken down into the frontal barrier crash rating of four-stars for the driver (male), and two-stars for the front passenger (female), giving an overall front-impact protection rating of three-stars. A side barrier rating of five-stars for the driver (male), and two-stars for the front passenger (female), gave for an overall side-impact protection rating of three-stars. The third testing component, the rollover rating, resulted in a grading of four-stars. Subsequently, the NHTSA tested a later release of the 2011 model year Camry with enhanced safety. This resulted in an increase to the side barrier rating from two- to four-stars for the front female passenger, thus increasing the Camry's overall score to four-stars.
Testing conducted by the Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) resulted in the Camry XV40 receiving a four-star safety rating or a score of 27.53 out of 37. Dual frontal airbags were fitted to the model tested. ANCAP later tested the hybrid variant fitted with additional side and curtain airbags. The hybrid also scored four-stars, although did achieve a higher 28.22-point grading. Prompted by the five-star ANCAP safety rating mandate for all passenger cars purchased by the Australian federal government from 1 July 2011, Toyota Australia revised the XV40 specification including the fitment of a front passenger seatbelt reminder. This resulted in an upgraded five-star result for Australian models produced from May 2011. While the regular version scored 33.13 points, the hybrid rated marginally better at 33.22 out of 37. The offset crash yielded 14.29 out of 16, with 14.84 out of 16 for the side impact crash test. An additional two points came from completing the pole test, while the seatbelt reminders yielded the qualifying two points required for the five-star result. The hybrid fared identically except in the offset crash test where it gained 0.08 points then picking up 0.01 in the side impact crash. Both cars also scored a "marginal" pedestrian protection rating at 14.5 out of 36. The 2010 edition of Monash University's Used Car Safety Ratings, found that the XV40 provides an "excellent" (five out of five stars) level of occupant safety protection in the event of an accident.
Recalls
On 26 September 2007, Toyota recalled the optional "all-weather" heavy-duty rubber floor mats from 2007 and 2008 model year Toyota Camry XV40s sold in North America. Toyota issued a second recall on 2 November 2009 asking owners to remove the driver floor mat and not replace it with any other type of mat. Toyota extended its floor mat recall on 25 November to reconfigure the accelerator pedal, replace the all-weather floor mats, and install a brake override system to prevent sudden unintended acceleration. Toyota issued a fourth unwanted acceleration-related recall for the Camry on 21 January 2010, this time in response to reports of accelerator pedals sticking in models without floor mats. Evaluations by Car and Driver and Edmunds found that the Camry's brakes were powerful enough to overcome the accelerator in all tests, bringing the car safely to a stop.
Markets
The XV40 Camrys were produced at the Tsutsumi Plant in Toyota, Aichi, Japan; the Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky production site at Georgetown, Kentucky in the United States; Toyota Australia's facility in Altona, Victoria; and Shushary, Saint Petersburg, Russia from December 2007. On 20 April 2007, additional US Camry manufacturing began at Subaru of Indiana Automotive in Lafayette, Indiana. A Camry manufactured in Japan is denoted with a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) starting with "J"; US-made models are denoted with a numeral.
Asia
The Camry in Japan was released on 30 January 2006 with a sales target of 1,000 units per month. Two driveline combinations are offered—the 2.4-liter engine and five-speed automatic transmission in front-wheel drive (FWD) configuration—or the same engine paired with the four-speed automatic utilizing all-wheel drive (AWD).
Offered in three levels of luxury: "G", "G Limited Edition" and "G Dignis Edition", AWD is optional on the two base trims ("G Four" and "G Four Limited Edition"). The base-line Camry "G" features 16-inch steel wheels, six airbags, keyless entry and start, "Optitron" gauges, speed-sensitive automatic door locks, a four-spoke leather-wrapped steering wheel and shift lever, a wood grain center console, dual-zone climate control air conditioning and an electric driver's seat (FWD only). The second level "G Limited Edition" gains 16-inch alloy wheels and cruise control, while the top-level "G Dignis Edition" features a metallic-finished grille insert, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), rain-sensing windscreen wipers, wood grain inserts for the steering wheel and shift knob and a widescreen touch LCD (incorporating satellite navigation, television, Bluetooth handsfree support and G-BOOK telematics). Daihatsu continued with its Altis variant for the Japanese market, also introduced on 30 January 2006. Offered in "G Limited Edition" (FWD) and "G Four Limited Edition" (AWD) specification levels, the Altis roughly correlates with the Camry equivalents. Visually, the Altis is identical to the Japanese market Camry, with only the badging unique to the Daihatsu.
The wood grain interior trim of the Camry/Altis changed from yellow-brown to red-brown during a small update in July 2007, with VSC made standard fitment when the facelift version commenced sales on 13 January 2009. Toyota ceased manufacture of the Daihatsu-branded models in February 2010 due to low sales; just 447 units of the XV40 series Altis were registered in three years.
For the Indian market, the Camry is available in four levels of specification: "W1", "W2", "W3" and "W4". The base "W1" is fitted with the 2.4-liter gasoline engine and five-speed manual transmission. It is fitted with dual-zone climate control air conditioning, a six-CD changer, power front seats, rain-sensing wipers, six airbags and high-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps. Upgrades to the "W2" grade include: a five-speed automatic transmission, cruise control, rear HVAC vents and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC). The "W3" and "W4" versions are specified identically to the "W1" and "W2", respectively, other than for the addition of a sunroof. In the Middle East, the Camry range is sourced from Toyota Australia and is only available with the 2.4-liter engine, with the option of both manual and automatic transmissions. Three trim levels are offered: "GL", "GLX" and "SE".
The Camry was officially retailed in South Korea in 2009 after Toyota launched their South Korean office.
Australasia
The Australian market version of the XV40 Camry made its media debut on 25 July 2006. Produced at the Toyota Australia plant in Altona, Victoria, Australian-manufactured XV40s were also exported to New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, although the majority of exports went to the Middle East. As of 2008, the Camry was the best selling Australian-produced vehicle, when taking into account all sales, both domestic and exports.
For the first time since 1988, the Camry was marketed in Australasia with a four-cylinder engine only. This decision was made as the Aurion—a model which derives from the Camry—was offered in V6 configuration only. This two-tier strategy went against Toyota Australia's previous formula of offering four- and six-cylinder engines in the mid-size Camry alongside the larger six-cylinder Avalon. The simplified Australian Camry range comprised "Altise", "Sportivo", "Ateva" and "Grande". The model range in New Zealand followed this closely, offered in three levels of specification: "GL" (Altise), "Sportivo" and "GLX" (Grande). Equipments levels correspond directly with the Australian cars, although the full suite of airbags were fitted as standard on the "GL".
Equipment levels for the base model "Altise" comprised (at launch) air conditioning, cruise control, power windows and mirrors, 16-inch steel wheels and a single-disc CD player. The "Sportivo" grade added 17-inch alloy wheels, a body kit, front fog lamps, bolstered electrically adjustable front seats, leather-bound steering wheel, gear and handbrake levers, side and curtain airbags and an in-dash six-CD player. Building on the "Altise" specification, the "Ateva" gained 16-inch alloy wheels, a chrome grille surround, fog lamps, dual zone climate control air conditioning, side and curtain airbags, a six-stack CD audio system, power-adjustable front seats, automatic headlamps, trip computer and a leather-wrapped steering wheel, gear and handbrake levers. Furthering this, the "Grande" specification incorporates leather upholstery, wood grain inserts, satellite navigation, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), Bluetooth connectivity, rain-sensing windscreen wipers, a sunroof and an electrically operated rear window blind.
VSC was not available across the range until August 2007, where it became standard on all variants. In May 2008, the Grande variant received a change in specification to the same set of alloy wheels as the "Sportivo" variant, as opposed to the previous style shared with the "Ateva" grade. Toyota released the "Ateva L" at the same time as this running change. The limited edition "Ateva L" added a rear lip spoiler, "Sportivo" alloy wheels and leather trim. A second limited edition XV40, the "Touring" was launched in April 2009 based on and priced identically to the automatic transmission-equipped "Altise". The "Touring" added 17-inch alloy wheels, the "Sportivo" grille, a chrome exhaust outlet, front fog lamps, a six-disc CD changer, dual zone climate control air conditioning and a leather steering wheel, handbrake and gear selection lever.
Further equipment upgrades arrived on 20 July 2009 when the facelifted Australian range went on sale. All variants now offered six airbags, Bluetooth, an auxiliary audio-input jack for the sound system, sun visor lamps and seatback pockets. The "Ateva" grade received a new audio system with 4.3-inch color LCD incorporating a rear-view camera, while the "Sportivo" variant gained the same LCD and dual-zone climate control. Upgrades for the "Grande" comprised keyless entry and starting system, rear parking sensors, an electrochromatic rear-view mirror, backup camera and an upgraded sound system. From March 2010 production, alloy wheels were made as standard fitment to the base "Altise". The limited edition "Touring" was re-launched the following June, this time adding a reversing camera, a rear lip spoiler and manual transmission availability over the previous release. Due to lack of demand, Australian manufacture of Camrys fitted with manual transmissions ended at the end of May 2011.
As part of the Australian Government's "Green Car Innovation Fund", Toyota received a 35 million grant in June 2008 to guarantee the commencement of local production of the hybrid powertrain Camry. Prior to release, Toyota Australia displayed an official concept model, the "HC-CV" (Hybrid Camry Concept Vehicle) at the 2009 Melbourne International Motor Show. The "HC-CV" is distinguished from the facelifted Hybrid Camry design from which it is based by the inclusion of a modified front-end fascia, redesigned wheels and side skirts, a custom rear spoiler and leather upholstery incorporating the "Hybrid Synergy Drive" logo. Full-scale production began on 11 December 2009, after a small batch of pre-production vehicles were produced from 31 August. Toyota released the Hybrid Camry for sales in Australia during February 2010, with plans to sell an estimated 10,000 units per year. After its release, the Hybrid Camry became the first Australian-built vehicle to be rated the top five star grading on the Australian Government's "Green Vehicle Guide". The hybrid model is offered in two levels of trim, equivalent to the mid-range "Ateva" and luxury "Grande" gasoline-only variants. The undesignated entry-level specification is equipped identically to the "Ateva", except for the omission of electric front seats and the addition of reversing sensors, keyless entry/start and VDIM. An option pack sees the addition of a premium eight-speaker sound system, Bluetooth connectivity and satellite navigation. The second-level Hybrid Camry "Luxury" acquires leather interior trim, power-adjustable front seats, rain-sensing wipers, an electro-chromatic rear-view mirror and a rear lip spoiler. An option pack for the "Luxury" includes equipment of the aforementioned "base" option pack, plus a sunroof and interior lighting upgrades for rear passengers.
Europe
Toyota began producing the Camry at its Russian facility in December 2007. In Russia, the XV40 is available with either the 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine (with manual and automatic transmissions) or the 3.5-liter V6. Trim levels available in Russia comprise: Комфорт (Comfort), Элеганс (Elegance), Элеганс плюс (Elegance Plus), Престиж (Prestige) and Люкс (Deluxe).
North America
In North America, the 2007 model year XV40 series Camry came with a standard 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine or optional 3.5-liter V6. The 2.4-liter comes standard with a five-speed manual transmission; a five-speed automatic was optional on the "CE" and "SE" trims, standard on "LE" and "XLE". The V6 engine with six-speed automatic was optional on all trims except the base "CE", which was only available in the United States. After the 2008 model year, Toyota dropped the "CE" identifier from the base-line offering.
Safety-wise, all XV40s in the United States and Canada came factory-equipped with dual frontal airbags, front seat-mounted side torso airbags, front and rear row side curtain airbags and a driver's knee airbag. A tire-pressure monitoring system, anti-lock brakes (ABS), brake assist and electronic brakeforce distribution were also standard. In the United States, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) was optional on all models (except for the hybrid, where VDIM was standard) for the 2007 through to 2009 model years, but was standardized for 2009. Canadian specification 2007 and 2008 models had VSC standard on the V6-engined "SE" and "XLE" trims, optional on the "LE" V6, with VDIM again reserved for the hybrid. Toyota Canada extended VSC to all models during the 2009 model year, except the base "LE" four-cylinder model, where it was available as part of the Convenience Package. The 2010 facelifted models, sold in Canada from April 2009, have VSC standard.
On the entry level "CE", features included: 16-inch wheels, air conditioning, power windows and mirrors, cruise control and a six-speaker audio system with CD player and auxiliary input. Keyless entry and an eight-way power driver seat were added to the "LE" trim, with the "SE" gaining a firmer suspension tune, 17-inch alloy wheels, blue-tinged Optitron gauge illumination and sports-oriented interior and exterior trim modifications. The top-level "XLE" builds on the "LE" specification, with a six-CD JBL sound system rated at 440-watts, with integrated Bluetooth technology. Other "XLE" upgrades comprise a sunroof, automatic dual-zone climate control air conditioning with air filter, satellite navigation, wood grain highlights and reclining rear seats. On four-cylinder "XLE" models, the interior textile is coated using silkworm cocoon extract, while heated front seats and full leather upholstery are standard on the "XLE" fitted with the V6.
Features include an optional ion air purifier type filtration system. For 2010, a backup camera became optional on the SE and XLE trims. The new 2.5-liter straight-4 engines replace the previous 2.4-liter four-cylinder in non-hybrid models. A more powerful version is exclusive to the Camry SE, and Toyota's Smart Key System is now available for the SE (previously only available to the XLE).
Sales in the United States, the primary market for the Camry, significantly increased in the year following release. In April 2007, Toyota began producing additional Camry models at Subaru of Indiana Automotive in Lafayette, Indiana. In a Cars.com American-Made Index study, the Camry was ranked highest, all models sold in the US are assembled there.
Consumer Reports 2007 Annual Car Reliability Survey gave the V6 version of the Camry a "below average" rating, due to transmission issues thus removing the V6 Camry from Consumer Reports' "Recommended" list. This rating does not apply to the four-cylinder and hybrid versions, which continued to be recommended. However, these problems have been corrected, and the V6 version has improved to "average". The first three model years of this generation Camry equipped with a four-cylinder engine were also plagued by excessive oil consumption issues. Many owners claimed their engines would lose over one quart of oil in as little as 1,000 miles. Toyota later did a warranty enhancement program to correct this issue free of charge to customers. Toyota also offered full refunds to owners who previously paid for repairs, even if the repairs were performed before the warranty enhancement program.
The Camry Hybrid is very similar to the XLE, but has standard cloth seats, the hybrid powertrain and VDIM. To commemorate 50 years of Toyota sales in the United States, Toyota built a special edition 2007 Camry Hybrid. The 50th Anniversary Edition was limited to 3,000 units and features unique wheels and badging, and is painted exclusively in the "Blizzard Pearl" color. The Hybrid Camry has also received two awards in North America: the 2007 Green Car of the Year awarded by Green Car Journal, and the 2007 Car of the Year in the Family Sedan (over ) category awarded by the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada.
When released, the EPA rated the hybrid about 27 percent more economical on the combined cycle compared to the non-hybrid 2.4-liter automatic version. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fuel economy ratings for the 2007 Toyota Camry Hybrid are (City) and (Highway). EPA's revised method of estimating fuel economy for 2008 and subsequent model years, which now considers the effects of air conditioning, rapid acceleration and cold temperatures, estimates (city) and (highway).
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has certified the Camry Hybrid as AT-PZEV, while the EPA has assigned it a Tier II, Bin 3 score for most states a cleaner version is sold to CARB states. The hybrid also meets the US Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (SULEV) standards which means it produces minimal emissions of hydrocarbons, nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide, and up to year model 2010 it had an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) "Greenhouse Gas Score" of 9.5 for California and 8.0 for federal certified vehicles.
In North America, the Camry Hybrid has benefited from several government incentives relating to taxation and special provisions in carpool lanes (see: hybrid tax credit and government incentives for fuel efficient vehicles in the United States for more information).
This generation was entered into stock car racing in the United States in 2007 as part of Toyota's entry into NASCAR. The move made the XV40 Camry the first foreign vehicle in the NASCAR circuit since the British-built MG MGA was used in the Grand National Series in 1963. The succeeding XV50 generation would continue participation of the Toyota Camry in NASCAR.
References
Citations
General and cited references
External links
2010s cars
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 2006
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Hybrid electric cars
Mid-size cars
Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States
Partial zero-emissions vehicles
Sedans
XV40
Vehicles with CVT transmission |
Nape () was a town of ancient Lesbos.
The site of Nape is tentatively located near modern Klopedi.
Suda mention the Napaian Apollo (Ἀπόλλων Ναπαῖος).
References
Populated places in the ancient Aegean islands
Former populated places in Greece
Ancient Lesbos |
Eric S Yuan (; born 20 February 1970) is a Chinese-American billionaire businessman, engineer, and the chief executive officer and founder of Zoom Video Communications, of which he owns 22%.
Early life
Yuan is the son of geological engineers. He was born and raised in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China. In 4th grade, Yuan collected construction scraps to recycle copper for cash.
As a first-year university student in 1987, he was inspired to develop videotelephony software while he took 10-hour train rides to visit his girlfriend and was looking for an easier way to "visit" her. He earned a bachelor's degree in applied mathematics with a minor in computer application from Shandong University of Science and Technology, and a master's degree in geology engineering from China University of Mining and Technology in Beijing. Yuan completed a Stanford University executive program in 2006.
Career
After earning his master's degree, Yuan lived in Beijing, and attended a training program in Japan for four months. Inspired by Bill Gates, who spoke in Japan in 1995, he moved to Silicon Valley in 1997 to join the tech boom. At the time, Yuan spoke very little English, and applied nine times before being granted a visa to the United States.
Upon arriving in the US, Yuan joined WebEx, a web conferencing startup, where he was one of the first 20 hires. The company was acquired by Cisco Systems in 2007, at which time he became vice president of engineering. In 2011, Yuan pitched a new smartphone-friendly video conferencing system to Cisco management. When the idea was rejected, Yuan left Cisco to establish his own company, Zoom Video Communications.
In 2019, Zoom became a public company via an initial public offering, at which time Yuan became a billionaire. His wealth has increased during COVID-19 pandemic, as Zoom benefited from the shift to online work and teaching. On 1 September 2020, Yuan's net worth was estimated to be US$16.4 billion, a figure 360% higher than his net worth at the beginning of the year. In March 2021, Yuan transferred $6 billion worth of Zoom shares to a grantor retained annuity trust, for which Yuan is a trustee.
Personal life
Yuan married his girlfriend Sherry at the age of 22, while he was a master's student at China University of Mining and Technology in Beijing. They have three children. Yuan and his family live in Santa Clara, California. In 2007, Yuan became a naturalized United States citizen.
Yuan chose the middle name "S" after Subrah Iyar, cofounder of WebEx.
Recognition
Yuan was named the 2020 Time Businessperson of the Year, and was included in the Time 100 Most Influential People of 2020.
References
1970 births
American billionaires
Businesspeople from Shandong
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Cisco people
Living people
Shandong University of Science and Technology alumni
China University of Mining and Technology alumni
Stanford University alumni
People from Santa Clara, California
People from Tai'an
American businesspeople |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var setReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/utils/define-nonenumerable-read-only-property' );
var sdsapxsumpw = require( './sdsapxsumpw.js' );
var ndarray = require( './ndarray.js' );
// MAIN //
setReadOnly( sdsapxsumpw, 'ndarray', ndarray );
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = sdsapxsumpw;
``` |
The SS Sinaia was an ocean liner built in 1924 in Whiteinch, Glasgow by Barclay, Curle & Co. Ltd.for the Fabre Line. Its first visit to Providence, Rhode Island, was made on June 28, 1925.
The liner carried Kahlil Gibran's body from Providence, Rhode Island, to Lebanon in 1931. In 1939, the SS Sinaia left the port of Sète with Spanish Republicans seeking asylum in Mexico.
The SS Sinaia was scuttled in 1944.
References
Ocean liners
Scuttled vessels |
Labropsis australis, the southern tubelip, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the family Labridae, the wrasses. This species occurs in the south western Pacific Ocean from the Solomon Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, Fiji, the Loyalty Islands, Tonga and the Great Barrier Reef. It is found in areas with heavy growth of corals including reefs, lagoons, passages and slopes. The adults feed on polyps in the coral while the juveniles feed on ectoparasites, and maybe mucus, on other reef fishes.
References
Taxa named by John Ernest Randall
Fish described in 1988
Labridae |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MAIN //
/**
* Returns a stacktrace.
*
* @private
* @returns {(string|void)} stacktrace
*/
function stacktrace() {
var err = new Error();
return err.stack;
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = stacktrace;
``` |
Laura Schaefer may refer to:
Laura A. Schaefer, American mechanical engineer
Laura K. Schaefer, American planetary scientist |
The 58th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 6 to May 11, 1835, during the third year of William L. Marcy's governorship, in Albany.
Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1821, 32 senators were elected on general tickets in eight senatorial districts for four-year terms. They were divided into four classes, and every year eight Senate seats came up for election. Assemblymen were elected countywide on general tickets to a one-year term, the whole Assembly being renewed annually.
State Senator John Birdsall resigned on June 5; and State Senator Louis Hasbrouck died on August 20, 1834; leaving vacancies in the Fourth and Eighth District.
Surveyor General Simeon De Witt died on December 3, 1834, leaving a vacancy to be filled by the Legislature.
At this time there were two political parties: the Democratic Party and the Whig Party.
The Whig state convention nominated State Senator William H. Seward for Governor, and Silas M. Stilwell for Lieutenant Governor.
The Democratic state convention met on September 10 at Herkimer and nominated Gov. Marcy and Lt. Gov. Tracy for re-election.
Elections
The State election was held from November 3 to 5, 1834. Gov. William L. Marcy and Lt. Gov. John Tracy were re-elected.
Coe S. Downing (1st D.), John P. Jones (2nd D.), Abraham L. Lawyer (3rd D.), Samuel Young (4th D.), Abijah Beckwith (5th D.), Levi Beardsley (6th D.), Chester Loomis (7th D.), Isaac Lacey (8th D.); and Assemblymen Jabez Willes (4th D.) and Chauncey J. Fox (8th D.) were elected to the Senate. Lacey and Fox were Whigs, the other eight were Democrats.
Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the Old State Capitol in Albany on January 6, 1835; and adjourned on May 11.
Charles Humphrey (D) was elected Speaker with 91 votes against 31 for Mark H. Sibley (W).
Upon taking their seats in the Senate, Young and Willes (4th D.), and Fox and Lacey (8th D.), drew lots to decide which one of the two senators elected in each district would serve the short term, and which one the full term. Young and Fox drew the short term, and Willes and Lacey the full term.
On January 20, the Legislature elected William Campbell as Surveyor General; and Amasa J. Parker as a regent of the University of the State of New York.
On February 2, the Legislature re-elected Attorney General Greene C. Bronson and State Treasurer Abraham Keyser.
On May 6, Canal Commissioner Michael Hoffman resigned.
On May 9, the Legislature elected Heman J. Redfield to succeed Hoffman; and Washington Irving as a regent of the University of the State of New York. Redfield declined to take office, and Gov. Marcy appointed John Bowman to fill the vacancy temporarily.
State Senate
Districts
The First District (4 seats) consisted of Kings, New York, Queens, Richmond and Suffolk counties.
The Second District (4 seats) consisted of Delaware, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Sullivan, Ulster and Westchester counties.
The Third District (4 seats) consisted of Albany, Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer, Schenectady and Schoharie counties.
The Fourth District (4 seats) consisted of Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Hamilton, Montgomery, St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Warren and Washington counties.
The Fifth District (4 seats) consisted of Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, Madison, Oneida and Oswego counties.
The Sixth District (4 seats) consisted of Broome, Chenango, Cortland, Otsego, Steuben, Tioga and Tompkins counties.
The Seventh District (4 seats) consisted of Cayuga, Onondaga, Ontario, Seneca, Wayne and Yates counties.
The Eighth District (4 seats) consisted of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Niagara and Orleans counties.
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.
Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Jabez Willes and Chauncey J. Fox changed from the Assembly to the Senate.
Employees
Clerk: John F. Bacon
State Assembly
Districts
Albany County (3 seats)
Allegany County (1 seat)
Broome County (1 seat)
Cattaraugus County (1 seat)
Cayuga County (4 seats)
Chautauqua County (2 seats)
Chenango County (3 seats)
Clinton County (1 seat)
Columbia County (3 seats)
Cortland County (2 seats)
Delaware County (2 seats)
Dutchess County (4 seats)
Erie County (2 seats)
Essex County (1 seat)
Franklin County (1 seat)
Genesee County (3 seats)
Greene County (2 seats)
Hamilton and Montgomery counties (3 seats)
Herkimer County (3 seats)
Jefferson County (3 seats)
Kings County (1 seat)
Lewis County (1 seat)
Livingston County (2 seats)
Madison County (3 seats)
Monroe County (3 seats)
The City and County of New York (11 seats)
Niagara County (1 seat)
Oneida County (5 seats)
Onondaga County (4 seats)
Ontario County (3 seats)
Orange County (3 seats)
Orleans County (1 seat)
Oswego County (1 seat)
Otsego County (4 seats)
Putnam County (1 seat)
Queens County (1 seat)
Rensselaer County (4 seats)
Richmond County (1 seat)
Rockland County (1 seat)
St. Lawrence County (2 seats)
Saratoga County (3 seats)
Schenectady County (1 seat)
Schoharie County (2 seats)
Seneca County (2 seats)
Steuben County (2 seats)
Suffolk County (2 seats)
Sullivan County (1 seat)
Tioga County (2 seats)
Tompkins County (3 seats)
Ulster County (2 seats)
Warren County (1 seat)
Washington (3 seats)
Wayne County (2 seats)
Westchester County (3 seats)
Yates County (1 seat)
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.
Assemblymen
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature. Herman I. Quackenboss changed from the Senate to the Assembly.
The party affiliations follow the vote on State officers on January 20, February 2 and May 9.
Employees
Clerk: Philip Reynolds Jr.
Sergeant-at-Arms: Daniel Dygert
Doorkeeper: Nathan Manson Jr.
Assistant Doorkeeper: James M. D. Carr
Notes
Sources
The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858) [pg. 109 and 441 for Senate districts; pg. 130 for senators; pg. 148f for Assembly districts; pg. 216f for assemblymen]
The History of Political Parties in the State of New-York, from the Ratification of the Federal Constitution to 1840 by Jabez D. Hammond (4th ed., Vol. 2, Phinney & Co., Buffalo, 1850; pg. 442 to 454)
058
1835 in New York (state)
1835 U.S. legislative sessions |
Dobrojewo () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drawno, within Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Drawno, east of Choszczno, and east of the regional capital Szczecin.
References
Dobrojewo |
Estadio Jorge "Calero" Suarez is a stadium located in the city of Metapán, El Salvador. It is the largest stadium in Metapán, and is used mostly for football matches. The stadium is the home of Isidro Metapán of the First Division of El Salvador, and has been remodeled several times to be to meet the standards of Concacaf matches.
Opening
The modest stadium was built at the beginning of the 1940s and was until 1995 the mayor of that time, it was proposed to remodel the stadium and rename it. After its construction in 1996, a tribute to goalkeeper metapaneco with which he was named the stadium and its subsequent opening surrendered.
History
The stadium Metapan "Jorge 'Calero' Suarez Landaverde" Named after the former goalkeeper of the selection of the 70, Jorge 'Calero' Suarez Landaverde. "The Willows" was the first name of the municipal court of the city of Metapan, in honor of the number of trees of the family that had polvozo around the ground. Sixty years ago, back in the early 1940s. Isidro Menendez, then next to Metapan, had its location on this court.
In 1995, an alderman of the municipal government in turn proposed to rename. They said it could take the name of the goalkeeper, leader of the metapaneco football. Thus it was that in 1996, after the completion of the work, which included the bleachers the east side and roof-1 was given a tribute in life he was selected national and member of several national, Guatemalans and even Canadian teams.
To date, the stadium is known and the name of the 'Calero' Suarez. Among the rest of the 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 seasons when Isidro Metapan was in the Liga de Ascenso, it allowed the mayor's proposal, Gumercindo Landaverde, would include the main points engramillado and stadium lighting. Later that year, the engramillado and lighting were engendered by the previous government edilicio Metapan.
Facilities and Capacity
It has a capacity to accommodate about 10,000 people, the second largest stadium in Western El Salvador and one of the four licensed stadiums to host international soccer events.
The stadium has 4 lighting towers
Radio booths
new Dressing
new bathrooms
interior and exterior painting
Perimeter wall
External links
Isidro Metapán
Un poco de la Histotia
Los 20 Estadios más grandes de Centroamérica y El Caribe
Football venues in El Salvador
Multi-purpose stadiums in El Salvador |
The male first name Natalis may refer to one of the following saints:
Natalis of Ulster, Irish monk, died 564.
Natalis of Milan, bishop of Milan in 8th century
Antonius Natalis, Ancient Roman conspirator |
Lorraine was an unincorporated community in Henrico County, Virginia.
Lorraine was named for Edward Lorraine who was the 19th century chief engineer of the James River and Kanawha Canal. According to the Library of Virginia, he was born in 1818. In 1842, he first worked as a rod man doing surveying work on the James River and Kanawha Canal, beginning a career of over 30 years. He was promoted to assistant engineer, and finally appointed chief engineer of the canal succeeding Walter Gwynn. Lorraine served in this position until his death from smallpox in December 1872.
Lorraine became a station stop of the Richmond and Allegheny Railroad which was built on the defunct canal's right-of-way in the 1880s. Soon after completion, the railroad was acquired by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. It became a major conduit for transportation of coal from southern West Virginia to the coal pier on the harbor of Hampton Roads at Newport News. The line later became the James River line of CSX Transportation, and continued to support eastbound coal traffic.
Once a moderately busy passenger and freight station on the railroad, Lorraine was discontinued by the C&O in the mid 20th century.
See also
Former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia
References
Geography of Henrico County, Virginia
Ghost towns in Virginia |
Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler. It was released on 14 September 2001 by Sanctuary Records. The album features Tyler's major career hits and one of her latest recordings from the time, "Tyre Tracks and Broken Hearts".
Greatest Hits became a substantial hit in several European countries, and was certified Platinum by the IFPI Norway. It received a positive review from AllMusic and is among Tyler's best-selling compilation albums.
Background
Tyler had a photoshoot directed by Paul Cox, who was photographer for her 1995 album Free Spirit.
The album includes one of Tyler's latest recordings from the time of release, "Tyre Tracks and Broken Hearts". The song was written by Jim Steinman and Andrew Lloyd Webber and originally recorded for the concept album for the 1996 musical Whistle Down the Wind. Tyler performed the song live at Webber's 50th birthday celebration at the Royal Albert Hall in London, 1998.
Critical reception
Greatest Hits was given three and a half stars out of five from AllMusic. They stated that, "As long as it has "Total Eclipse of the Heart", "It's a Heartache", "Faster Than the Speed of Night" and "Holding Out for a Hero" on it, any Bonnie Tyler compilation is going to earn a few stars, and this collection from Sanctuary is no exception."
Track listings
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Personnel
Management – David Aspden
Mastering – Andy Pearce
References
2001 greatest hits albums
Bonnie Tyler compilation albums
Sony Music compilation albums
Sanctuary Records compilation albums |
```smarty
{{- if .Table.IsJoinTable -}}
{{- else -}}
{{- range $rel := .Table.ToOneRelationships -}}
{{- $ltable := $.Aliases.Table $rel.Table -}}
{{- $ftable := $.Aliases.Table $rel.ForeignTable -}}
{{- $relAlias := $ftable.Relationship $rel.Name -}}
{{- $usesPrimitives := usesPrimitives $.Tables $rel.Table $rel.Column $rel.ForeignTable $rel.ForeignColumn -}}
{{- $colField := $ltable.Column $rel.Column -}}
{{- $fcolField := $ftable.Column $rel.ForeignColumn -}}
{{- $foreignPKeyCols := (getTable $.Tables .ForeignTable).PKey.Columns }}
{{- $canSoftDelete := (getTable $.Tables .ForeignTable).CanSoftDelete $.AutoColumns.Deleted }}
func test{{$ltable.UpSingular}}OneToOneSetOp{{$ftable.UpSingular}}Using{{$relAlias.Local}}(t *testing.T) {
var err error
{{if not $.NoContext}}ctx := context.Background(){{end}}
tx := MustTx({{if $.NoContext}}boil.Begin(){{else}}boil.BeginTx(ctx, nil){{end}})
defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback() }()
var a {{$ltable.UpSingular}}
var b, c {{$ftable.UpSingular}}
seed := randomize.NewSeed()
if err = randomize.Struct(seed, &a, {{$ltable.DownSingular}}DBTypes, false, strmangle.SetComplement({{$ltable.DownSingular}}PrimaryKeyColumns, {{$ltable.DownSingular}}ColumnsWithoutDefault)...); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err = randomize.Struct(seed, &b, {{$ftable.DownSingular}}DBTypes, false, strmangle.SetComplement({{$ftable.DownSingular}}PrimaryKeyColumns, {{$ftable.DownSingular}}ColumnsWithoutDefault)...); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err = randomize.Struct(seed, &c, {{$ftable.DownSingular}}DBTypes, false, strmangle.SetComplement({{$ftable.DownSingular}}PrimaryKeyColumns, {{$ftable.DownSingular}}ColumnsWithoutDefault)...); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err := a.Insert({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx, boil.Infer()); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err = b.Insert({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx, boil.Infer()); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
for i, x := range []*{{$ftable.UpSingular}}{&b, &c} {
err = a.Set{{$relAlias.Local}}({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx, i != 0, x)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if a.R.{{$relAlias.Local}} != x {
t.Error("relationship struct not set to correct value")
}
if x.R.{{$relAlias.Foreign}} != &a {
t.Error("failed to append to foreign relationship struct")
}
{{if $usesPrimitives -}}
if a.{{$colField}} != x.{{$fcolField}} {
{{else -}}
if !queries.Equal(a.{{$colField}}, x.{{$fcolField}}) {
{{end -}}
t.Error("foreign key was wrong value", a.{{$colField}})
}
{{if setInclude .ForeignColumn $foreignPKeyCols -}}
if exists, err := {{$ftable.UpSingular}}Exists({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx, x.{{$foreignPKeyCols | stringMap $.StringFuncs.titleCase | join ", x."}}); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
} else if !exists {
t.Error("want 'x' to exist")
}
{{else -}}
zero := reflect.Zero(reflect.TypeOf(x.{{$fcolField}}))
reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(&x.{{$fcolField}})).Set(zero)
if err = x.Reload({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx); err != nil {
t.Fatal("failed to reload", err)
}
{{- end}}
{{if $usesPrimitives -}}
if a.{{$colField}} != x.{{$fcolField}} {
{{else -}}
if !queries.Equal(a.{{$colField}}, x.{{$fcolField}}) {
{{end -}}
t.Error("foreign key was wrong value", a.{{$colField}}, x.{{$fcolField}})
}
if {{if not $.NoRowsAffected}}_, {{end -}} err = x.Delete({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx {{- if and $.AddSoftDeletes $canSoftDelete}}, true{{end}}); err != nil {
t.Fatal("failed to delete x", err)
}
}
}
{{- if $rel.ForeignColumnNullable}}
func test{{$ltable.UpSingular}}OneToOneRemoveOp{{$ftable.UpSingular}}Using{{$relAlias.Local}}(t *testing.T) {
var err error
{{if not $.NoContext}}ctx := context.Background(){{end}}
tx := MustTx({{if $.NoContext}}boil.Begin(){{else}}boil.BeginTx(ctx, nil){{end}})
defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback() }()
var a {{$ltable.UpSingular}}
var b {{$ftable.UpSingular}}
seed := randomize.NewSeed()
if err = randomize.Struct(seed, &a, {{$ltable.DownSingular}}DBTypes, false, strmangle.SetComplement({{$ltable.DownSingular}}PrimaryKeyColumns, {{$ltable.DownSingular}}ColumnsWithoutDefault)...); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err = randomize.Struct(seed, &b, {{$ftable.DownSingular}}DBTypes, false, strmangle.SetComplement({{$ftable.DownSingular}}PrimaryKeyColumns, {{$ftable.DownSingular}}ColumnsWithoutDefault)...); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err = a.Insert({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx, boil.Infer()); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err = a.Set{{$relAlias.Local}}({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx, true, &b); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if err = a.Remove{{$relAlias.Local}}({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx, &b); err != nil {
t.Error("failed to remove relationship")
}
count, err := a.{{$relAlias.Local}}().Count({{if not $.NoContext}}ctx, {{end -}} tx)
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
}
if count != 0 {
t.Error("want no relationships remaining")
}
if a.R.{{$relAlias.Local}} != nil {
t.Error("R struct entry should be nil")
}
if !queries.IsValuerNil(b.{{$fcolField}}) {
t.Error("foreign key column should be nil")
}
if b.R.{{$relAlias.Foreign}} != nil {
t.Error("failed to remove a from b's relationships")
}
}
{{end -}}{{/* end if foreign key nullable */}}
{{- end -}}{{/* range */}}
{{- end -}}{{/* join table */}}
``` |
```objective-c
// This file is part of Eigen, a lightweight C++ template library
// for linear algebra.
//
//
// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla
// with this file, You can obtain one at path_to_url
#ifndef EIGEN_HYPERPLANE_H
#define EIGEN_HYPERPLANE_H
namespace Eigen {
/** \geometry_module \ingroup Geometry_Module
*
* \class Hyperplane
*
* \brief A hyperplane
*
* A hyperplane is an affine subspace of dimension n-1 in a space of dimension n.
* For example, a hyperplane in a plane is a line; a hyperplane in 3-space is a plane.
*
* \tparam _Scalar the scalar type, i.e., the type of the coefficients
* \tparam _AmbientDim the dimension of the ambient space, can be a compile time value or Dynamic.
* Notice that the dimension of the hyperplane is _AmbientDim-1.
*
* This class represents an hyperplane as the zero set of the implicit equation
* \f$ n \cdot x + d = 0 \f$ where \f$ n \f$ is a unit normal vector of the plane (linear part)
* and \f$ d \f$ is the distance (offset) to the origin.
*/
template <typename _Scalar, int _AmbientDim, int _Options>
class Hyperplane
{
public:
EIGEN_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW_IF_VECTORIZABLE_FIXED_SIZE(_Scalar,_AmbientDim==Dynamic ? Dynamic : _AmbientDim+1)
enum {
AmbientDimAtCompileTime = _AmbientDim,
Options = _Options
};
typedef _Scalar Scalar;
typedef typename NumTraits<Scalar>::Real RealScalar;
typedef Eigen::Index Index; ///< \deprecated since Eigen 3.3
typedef Matrix<Scalar,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,1> VectorType;
typedef Matrix<Scalar,Index(AmbientDimAtCompileTime)==Dynamic
? Dynamic
: Index(AmbientDimAtCompileTime)+1,1,Options> Coefficients;
typedef Block<Coefficients,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,1> NormalReturnType;
typedef const Block<const Coefficients,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,1> ConstNormalReturnType;
/** Default constructor without initialization */
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Hyperplane() {}
template<int OtherOptions>
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC Hyperplane(const Hyperplane<Scalar,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,OtherOptions>& other)
: m_coeffs(other.coeffs())
{}
/** Constructs a dynamic-size hyperplane with \a _dim the dimension
* of the ambient space */
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline explicit Hyperplane(Index _dim) : m_coeffs(_dim+1) {}
/** Construct a plane from its normal \a n and a point \a e onto the plane.
* \warning the vector normal is assumed to be normalized.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Hyperplane(const VectorType& n, const VectorType& e)
: m_coeffs(n.size()+1)
{
normal() = n;
offset() = -n.dot(e);
}
/** Constructs a plane from its normal \a n and distance to the origin \a d
* such that the algebraic equation of the plane is \f$ n \cdot x + d = 0 \f$.
* \warning the vector normal is assumed to be normalized.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Hyperplane(const VectorType& n, const Scalar& d)
: m_coeffs(n.size()+1)
{
normal() = n;
offset() = d;
}
/** Constructs a hyperplane passing through the two points. If the dimension of the ambient space
* is greater than 2, then there isn't uniqueness, so an arbitrary choice is made.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC static inline Hyperplane Through(const VectorType& p0, const VectorType& p1)
{
Hyperplane result(p0.size());
result.normal() = (p1 - p0).unitOrthogonal();
result.offset() = -p0.dot(result.normal());
return result;
}
/** Constructs a hyperplane passing through the three points. The dimension of the ambient space
* is required to be exactly 3.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC static inline Hyperplane Through(const VectorType& p0, const VectorType& p1, const VectorType& p2)
{
EIGEN_STATIC_ASSERT_VECTOR_SPECIFIC_SIZE(VectorType, 3)
Hyperplane result(p0.size());
VectorType v0(p2 - p0), v1(p1 - p0);
result.normal() = v0.cross(v1);
RealScalar norm = result.normal().norm();
if(norm <= v0.norm() * v1.norm() * NumTraits<RealScalar>::epsilon())
{
Matrix<Scalar,2,3> m; m << v0.transpose(), v1.transpose();
JacobiSVD<Matrix<Scalar,2,3> > svd(m, ComputeFullV);
result.normal() = svd.matrixV().col(2);
}
else
result.normal() /= norm;
result.offset() = -p0.dot(result.normal());
return result;
}
/** Constructs a hyperplane passing through the parametrized line \a parametrized.
* If the dimension of the ambient space is greater than 2, then there isn't uniqueness,
* so an arbitrary choice is made.
*/
// FIXME to be consistent with the rest this could be implemented as a static Through function ??
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC explicit Hyperplane(const ParametrizedLine<Scalar, AmbientDimAtCompileTime>& parametrized)
{
normal() = parametrized.direction().unitOrthogonal();
offset() = -parametrized.origin().dot(normal());
}
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC ~Hyperplane() {}
/** \returns the dimension in which the plane holds */
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Index dim() const { return AmbientDimAtCompileTime==Dynamic ? m_coeffs.size()-1 : Index(AmbientDimAtCompileTime); }
/** normalizes \c *this */
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC void normalize(void)
{
m_coeffs /= normal().norm();
}
/** \returns the signed distance between the plane \c *this and a point \a p.
* \sa absDistance()
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Scalar signedDistance(const VectorType& p) const { return normal().dot(p) + offset(); }
/** \returns the absolute distance between the plane \c *this and a point \a p.
* \sa signedDistance()
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Scalar absDistance(const VectorType& p) const { return numext::abs(signedDistance(p)); }
/** \returns the projection of a point \a p onto the plane \c *this.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline VectorType projection(const VectorType& p) const { return p - signedDistance(p) * normal(); }
/** \returns a constant reference to the unit normal vector of the plane, which corresponds
* to the linear part of the implicit equation.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline ConstNormalReturnType normal() const { return ConstNormalReturnType(m_coeffs,0,0,dim(),1); }
/** \returns a non-constant reference to the unit normal vector of the plane, which corresponds
* to the linear part of the implicit equation.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline NormalReturnType normal() { return NormalReturnType(m_coeffs,0,0,dim(),1); }
/** \returns the distance to the origin, which is also the "constant term" of the implicit equation
* \warning the vector normal is assumed to be normalized.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline const Scalar& offset() const { return m_coeffs.coeff(dim()); }
/** \returns a non-constant reference to the distance to the origin, which is also the constant part
* of the implicit equation */
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Scalar& offset() { return m_coeffs(dim()); }
/** \returns a constant reference to the coefficients c_i of the plane equation:
* \f$ c_0*x_0 + ... + c_{d-1}*x_{d-1} + c_d = 0 \f$
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline const Coefficients& coeffs() const { return m_coeffs; }
/** \returns a non-constant reference to the coefficients c_i of the plane equation:
* \f$ c_0*x_0 + ... + c_{d-1}*x_{d-1} + c_d = 0 \f$
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Coefficients& coeffs() { return m_coeffs; }
/** \returns the intersection of *this with \a other.
*
* \warning The ambient space must be a plane, i.e. have dimension 2, so that \c *this and \a other are lines.
*
* \note If \a other is approximately parallel to *this, this method will return any point on *this.
*/
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC VectorType intersection(const Hyperplane& other) const
{
EIGEN_STATIC_ASSERT_VECTOR_SPECIFIC_SIZE(VectorType, 2)
Scalar det = coeffs().coeff(0) * other.coeffs().coeff(1) - coeffs().coeff(1) * other.coeffs().coeff(0);
// since the line equations ax+by=c are normalized with a^2+b^2=1, the following tests
// whether the two lines are approximately parallel.
if(internal::isMuchSmallerThan(det, Scalar(1)))
{ // special case where the two lines are approximately parallel. Pick any point on the first line.
if(numext::abs(coeffs().coeff(1))>numext::abs(coeffs().coeff(0)))
return VectorType(coeffs().coeff(1), -coeffs().coeff(2)/coeffs().coeff(1)-coeffs().coeff(0));
else
return VectorType(-coeffs().coeff(2)/coeffs().coeff(0)-coeffs().coeff(1), coeffs().coeff(0));
}
else
{ // general case
Scalar invdet = Scalar(1) / det;
return VectorType(invdet*(coeffs().coeff(1)*other.coeffs().coeff(2)-other.coeffs().coeff(1)*coeffs().coeff(2)),
invdet*(other.coeffs().coeff(0)*coeffs().coeff(2)-coeffs().coeff(0)*other.coeffs().coeff(2)));
}
}
/** Applies the transformation matrix \a mat to \c *this and returns a reference to \c *this.
*
* \param mat the Dim x Dim transformation matrix
* \param traits specifies whether the matrix \a mat represents an #Isometry
* or a more generic #Affine transformation. The default is #Affine.
*/
template<typename XprType>
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Hyperplane& transform(const MatrixBase<XprType>& mat, TransformTraits traits = Affine)
{
if (traits==Affine)
{
normal() = mat.inverse().transpose() * normal();
m_coeffs /= normal().norm();
}
else if (traits==Isometry)
normal() = mat * normal();
else
{
eigen_assert(0 && "invalid traits value in Hyperplane::transform()");
}
return *this;
}
/** Applies the transformation \a t to \c *this and returns a reference to \c *this.
*
* \param t the transformation of dimension Dim
* \param traits specifies whether the transformation \a t represents an #Isometry
* or a more generic #Affine transformation. The default is #Affine.
* Other kind of transformations are not supported.
*/
template<int TrOptions>
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline Hyperplane& transform(const Transform<Scalar,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,Affine,TrOptions>& t,
TransformTraits traits = Affine)
{
transform(t.linear(), traits);
offset() -= normal().dot(t.translation());
return *this;
}
/** \returns \c *this with scalar type casted to \a NewScalarType
*
* Note that if \a NewScalarType is equal to the current scalar type of \c *this
* then this function smartly returns a const reference to \c *this.
*/
template<typename NewScalarType>
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline typename internal::cast_return_type<Hyperplane,
Hyperplane<NewScalarType,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,Options> >::type cast() const
{
return typename internal::cast_return_type<Hyperplane,
Hyperplane<NewScalarType,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,Options> >::type(*this);
}
/** Copy constructor with scalar type conversion */
template<typename OtherScalarType,int OtherOptions>
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC inline explicit Hyperplane(const Hyperplane<OtherScalarType,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,OtherOptions>& other)
{ m_coeffs = other.coeffs().template cast<Scalar>(); }
/** \returns \c true if \c *this is approximately equal to \a other, within the precision
* determined by \a prec.
*
* \sa MatrixBase::isApprox() */
template<int OtherOptions>
EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC bool isApprox(const Hyperplane<Scalar,AmbientDimAtCompileTime,OtherOptions>& other, const typename NumTraits<Scalar>::Real& prec = NumTraits<Scalar>::dummy_precision()) const
{ return m_coeffs.isApprox(other.m_coeffs, prec); }
protected:
Coefficients m_coeffs;
};
} // end namespace Eigen
#endif // EIGEN_HYPERPLANE_H
``` |
```xml
// See LICENSE in the project root for license information.
import { createColorGrid } from './createColorGrid';
import { Colorize } from '../Colorize';
import { AnsiEscape } from '../AnsiEscape';
describe(Colorize.name, () => {
test('writes color grid correctly', () => {
let lineCount: number = 0;
for (const line of createColorGrid()) {
expect(line.map((linePart) => AnsiEscape.formatForTests(linePart))).toMatchSnapshot(
`line ${lineCount++}`
);
}
expect(lineCount).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`10`);
});
it('generates codes as expected', () => {
type ColorsFunctionNames = {
[K in keyof typeof Colorize]: (typeof Colorize)[K] extends (str: string) => string ? K : never;
}[keyof typeof Colorize];
function testColorFunction(functionName: ColorsFunctionNames): void {
expect(Colorize[functionName]('x')).toMatchSnapshot(functionName);
}
testColorFunction('black');
testColorFunction('red');
testColorFunction('green');
testColorFunction('yellow');
testColorFunction('blue');
testColorFunction('magenta');
testColorFunction('cyan');
testColorFunction('white');
testColorFunction('gray');
testColorFunction('blackBackground');
testColorFunction('redBackground');
testColorFunction('greenBackground');
testColorFunction('yellowBackground');
testColorFunction('blueBackground');
testColorFunction('magentaBackground');
testColorFunction('cyanBackground');
testColorFunction('whiteBackground');
testColorFunction('grayBackground');
testColorFunction('bold');
testColorFunction('dim');
testColorFunction('underline');
testColorFunction('blink');
testColorFunction('invertColor');
testColorFunction('hidden');
});
});
``` |
The Chile national badminton team () represents Chile in international badminton team competitions. The Chilean team is managed by the Chile Badminton Federation. Chile competed in the 1997 Sudirman Cup. The team also competed in the Pan American Badminton Championships mixed team event from 2008 to 2016.
The Chilean mixed team also competes in the South American Games. They won bronze at the 2018 South American Games in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Competitive record
Sudirman Cup
Pan American Team Championships
Mixed team
South American Games
Mixed team
South American Team Championships
Mixed team
Bolivarian Games
Mixed team
Junior competitive record
Suhandinata Cup
Mixed team
Pan American Junior Team Championships
Mixed team
South American Junior Team Championships
Mixed team
Players
Current squad
Men's team
Women's team
References
Badminton
National badminton teams
Badminton in Chile |
```java
/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package com.itextpdf.signatures.sign;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfArray;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfDocument;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfName;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfObject;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfReader;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfString;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.PdfSignature;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.PdfSignatureApp;
import com.itextpdf.signatures.SignatureUtil;
import com.itextpdf.test.ExtendedITextTest;
import com.itextpdf.test.annotations.type.UnitTest;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
@Tag("UnitTest")
public class PdfSignatureTest extends ExtendedITextTest {
public static final String sourceFolder = "./src/test/resources/com/itextpdf/signatures/sign/PdfSignatureTest/";
@Test
public void setByteRangeTest() throws IOException {
PdfSignature signature = getTestSignature(sourceFolder + "simpleSignature.pdf");
int[] byteRange = {0, 141, 16526, 2494};
signature.setByteRange(byteRange);
PdfArray expected = new PdfArray((new int[] {0, 141, 16526, 2494}));
Assertions.assertArrayEquals(expected.toIntArray(), signature.getByteRange().toIntArray());
}
@Test
public void setContentsTest() throws IOException {
PdfSignature signature = getTestSignature(sourceFolder + "simpleSignature.pdf");
byte[] newContents = new PdfString("new iText signature").getValueBytes();
signature.setContents(newContents);
Assertions.assertEquals("new iText signature", signature.getContents().getValue());
}
@Test
public void setAndGetCertTest() throws IOException {
PdfSignature signature = getTestSignature(sourceFolder + "adbe.x509.rsa_sha1_signature.pdf");
byte[] certChain = new PdfString("Hello, iText!!").getValueBytes();
signature.setCert(certChain);
Assertions.assertEquals("Hello, iText!!", signature.getCertObject().toString());
}
@Test
public void getCertObjectTest() throws IOException {
PdfSignature signature = getTestSignature(sourceFolder + "adbe.x509.rsa_sha1_signature.pdf");
Assertions.assertTrue(signature.getCertObject().isArray());
}
@Test
public void setAndGetNameTest() throws IOException {
PdfSignature signature = getTestSignature(sourceFolder + "simpleSignature.pdf");
Assertions.assertNull(signature.getName());
String name = "iText person";
signature.setName(name);
Assertions.assertEquals(name, signature.getName());
}
@Test
public void setSignatureCreatorTest() throws IOException {
PdfSignature signature = getTestSignature(sourceFolder + "noPropBuilds.pdf");
Assertions.assertNull(signature.getPdfObject().getAsDictionary(PdfName.Prop_Build));
signature.setSignatureCreator("iText.Name");
String propBuild = signature.getPdfObject().getAsDictionary(PdfName.Prop_Build)
.getAsDictionary(PdfName.App).getAsName(PdfName.Name).getValue();
Assertions.assertEquals("iText.Name", propBuild);
}
@Test
public void pdfSignatureAppDefaultConstructorTest() {
PdfSignatureApp signatureApp = new PdfSignatureApp();
Assertions.assertTrue(signatureApp.getPdfObject().isDictionary());
}
@Test
public void certAsArrayNotStringTest() throws IOException {
PdfSignature signature = getTestSignature(sourceFolder + "adbe.x509.rsa_sha1_signature.pdf");
PdfObject certObject = signature.getCertObject();
Assertions.assertTrue(certObject instanceof PdfArray);
Assertions.assertNull(signature.getCert());
}
private static PdfSignature getTestSignature(String pathToPdf) throws IOException {
try (PdfDocument doc = new PdfDocument(new PdfReader(pathToPdf))) {
SignatureUtil sigUtil = new SignatureUtil(doc);
return sigUtil.getSignature("Signature1");
}
}
}
``` |
Chung Mong-gyu (born 1961) is one of South Korea's top business leaders and the chairman of HDC Group. He has been serving as the 53rd President of Korea Football Association (KFA), a title held for 2 consecutive terms since 2013. In May 2017, he won a seat on FIFA Council. Chairman Chung received his bachelor's degree in business administration at Korea University in 1985, and completed his master's degree in politics, philosophy and economics at the University of Oxford in 1988. He was born in Seoul.
Education
1988.02: Master's degree in Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE), Oxford University
1985.02: Bachelor's degree in Business Administration, Korea University
1980.02: Graduated Yongsan High School
Chronology
May 2018 ~ Present: Chairman, HDC Holdings Co., Ltd.
April 2018 ~ present: President, East Asia Football Federation
May 2017 – present: Member, FIFA Council (2017–present)
January 2017 – present: Vice President, Korean Sport & Olympic Committee
September 2016 – present: Vice President, Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
September 2016 – present: Chairperson, AFC Referees’ Committee
July 2016 – present: 53rd President, Korea Football Association (KFA)
March–August 2016: Chef de Mission, 2016 Summer Olympics South Korea Team
March 2016 – present: Chairman, 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup Organizing Committee
August 2015 – present: Member, AFC Development Committee
August 2015 – present: Deputy Chairman, 2019 AFC Asian Cup Organizing Committee
May 2015 – May 2017: Member, AFC Executive Committee
March 2014 – present: Vice President, East Asian Football Federation (EAFF)
August 2013 – December 2016: Member, Organizing Committee for the FIFA Club World Cup
February 2013 – March 2014: President, EAFF
January 2013 – June 2016: 52nd President, KFA
April 2011 – March 2013: Member, AFC Ad-Hoc Committee
January 2011 – January 2013: 9th President, K League (Korea Professional Football League)
March 2000 – present: Keynote Speaker, 33rd Pacific Basin Economic Council (PBEC) International General Meeting
2000–present: Chairman, Busan IPark FC (2000–present)
February 1999 – May 2018: Chairman, HDC Hyundai Development Company
1998–1999: Chairman, Federation of Korean Industries (FKI) Korea-Britain Business Leaders Forum
1997–1999: 5th President, Korean Automobile Manufacturers Association
1997–1999: Chairman, Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC
1996–1999: Chairman, Hyundai Motor Company
1994–1996: Chairman, Ulsan Hyundai FC
1988.11: Joined Hyundai Motor Company
Career
Chung Mong-gyu served as Chairman and CEO of Hyundai Motor Company from January 1996 to March 1999. He has managed Hyundai Development Company since his appointment as chairmanship in March 1999.
Hyundai Development Company, a parent entity of Hyundai Development Company Group, is a comprehensive construction company established in 1976 and has created more than 400,000 apartment units in Korea including Samsung-dong IPARK, Suwon IPARK CITY and Haeundae IPARK. In addition, Hyundai Development Company has been active in various areas such as city development, residential/commercial buildings, civil engineering and social infrastructure.
Hyundai Development Company has diversified its business areas to include manufacture, distribution, IT, leisure and service, with real estate & infrastructure construction as the center. The affiliates of Hyundai Development Company include Hyundai EP, I·Controls, I·Service, Hyundai IPARK Mall, Young Chang Music, I&CONS, Hotel IPARK, Hyundai PCE, IPARK Sports, HDC Asset Management and HDC Shilla Duty Free.
Through his engagement in IPARK Volunteer Corps, which was launched in 2004 as a social contribution committee of Hyundai Development Company, Chairman Chung has been actively promoting corporate social responsibility. In particular, with the establishment of Pony Chung Foundation, which is a nonprofit scholarship organization, he has been carrying out various programs such as Pony Chung Innovation Award, Academic Grants and Domestic/Overseas Scholarships.
Through his ownerships of Ulsan Hyundai FC (1994-1996), Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC (1997-1999) and Busan IPARK FC (2000–present), Chairman Chung has continuously supported the development of Korean Football industry.
Elected as the 9th President of the K League (Korean Professional Football League ) in 2011, he handled the match-fixing scandals with determination and acumen. In 2013, he was elected as the 52nd President of the Korea Football Association (KFA), a title being served for 2 consecutive terms since his reappointment as the 53rd President in 2016. In addition, he served as Vice President of East Asian Football Federation (EAFF) (2013-2014), Member of the Organizing Committee for the FIFA Club World Cup (2013-2016), Chef de Mission of 2016 Summer Olympics South Korea Team (2016) and Member of Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Executive Committee (2015-2017).
His current roles include Deputy Chairman of 2019 AFC Asian Cup Organizing Committee (2015–present), Member of AFC Development Committee (2015–present), Chairman of 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup Organizing Committee (2016–present), Chairperson of AFC Referees’ Committee (2016–present), Vice President of AFC (2016–present), Vice President of Korean Sport & Olympic Committee (2017–present) and Member of FIFA Council (2017–present). Since his joining the FIFA Council, Chairman Chung has been devoting his efforts to co-hosting the 2030 FIFA World Cup with China, Japan and North Korea.
Awards
1997 Winner of the 2nd Korea-China Young Researcher's Award (economics segment)
1997 “100 Global Leaders of Tomorrow” by the World Economic Forum
Family
References
1961 births
Living people
20th-century South Korean businesspeople
South Korean billionaires
Hyundai people
Businesspeople from Seoul
Korea University alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
21st-century South Korean businesspeople
South Korean football executives
South Korean football chairmen and investors |
Moe Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Orkland municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the village of Vormstad, about south of the town of Orkanger. It is the church for the Orkland parish which is part of the Orkdal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nidaros. The white, wooden church was built in a cruciform style in 1867 by the builder Ole Fredriksen Rømmesmo. The church seats about 310 people.
History
The original chapel in Orkland was built in 1675 in the nearby village of Svorkmo where many people worked at a smelting factory. It was a cruciform building with tower on the roof with a church porch on the west end. On 3 June 1816, there was a river flood which swept through the area along the river where the cemetery and church were located. The church was heavily damaged and not much of the interior furniture was able to be saved. The church was torn down and its materials were used for flood protection in Svorkmo. A new church was constructed on the nearby Smedshaugen farm about northeast of the old church site (on higher ground, further away from the river). The new church was a small, octagonal church. Eventually, the smelter in Svorkmo was closed down and the church was too small for the parish, so despite its young age, the church was closed and torn down in 1866.
Soon after, a new church was constructed at Moe on the south side of Vormstad, about north of Smedshaugen. The new site was more easily accessible for the people of the parish. After some delays, the construction began in 1866 and the church was consecrated on 28 December 1867 by bishop Andreas Grimelund. The church was extensively repaired under the leadership of John Tverdahl in 1958–1959.
Media gallery
See also
List of churches in Nidaros
References
Orkland
Churches in Trøndelag
Cruciform churches in Norway
Wooden churches in Norway
19th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1867
1675 establishments in Norway |
```kotlin
plugins {
id("java-library")
id("kotlin")
}
java {
targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}
dependencies {
compileOnly("com.android.tools.lint:lint-api:31.5.2")
testImplementation("com.android.tools.lint:lint:31.5.2")
testImplementation("com.android.tools.lint:lint-tests:31.5.2")
testImplementation("junit:junit:4.13.2")
}
``` |
The 2014 Libertarian National Convention was a biennial convention of the Libertarian Party that was held in Columbus, Ohio from Thursday June 26 to Sunday June 29, 2014.
Nicholas Sarwark of Denver was elected Chair of the Libertarian National Committee.
References
External links
/ Convention Website
Libertarian Party (United States) National Conventions
Libertarian National Convention
21st century in Columbus, Ohio
Political conventions in Ohio
June 2014 events in the United States
2010s political conferences |
```smalltalk
/* ========================================================================
*
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
* files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
* restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
* copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
* conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
* OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
* OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* The complete license agreement can be found here:
* ======================================================================*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using Opc.Ua;
namespace Boiler
{
public partial class BoilerStateMachineState
{
#region Initialization
/// <summary>
/// Initializes the object as a collection of counters which change value on read.
/// </summary>
protected override void OnAfterCreate(ISystemContext context, NodeState node)
{
base.OnAfterCreate(context, node);
Start.OnCallMethod = OnStart;
Start.OnReadExecutable = IsStartExecutable;
Start.OnReadUserExecutable = IsStartUserExecutable;
Suspend.OnCallMethod = OnSuspend;
Suspend.OnReadExecutable = IsSuspendExecutable;
Suspend.OnReadUserExecutable = IsSuspendUserExecutable;
Resume.OnCallMethod = OnResume;
Resume.OnReadExecutable = IsResumeExecutable;
Resume.OnReadUserExecutable = IsResumeUserExecutable;
Halt.OnCallMethod = OnHalt;
Halt.OnReadExecutable = IsHaltExecutable;
Halt.OnReadUserExecutable = IsHaltUserExecutable;
Reset.OnCallMethod = OnReset;
Reset.OnReadExecutable = IsResetExecutable;
Reset.OnReadUserExecutable = IsResetUserExecutable;
}
#endregion
}
}
``` |
Bothrocophias campbelli, commonly known as Campbell's toadheaded viper, the Ecuadorian toadheaded pitviper, and víbora boca de sapo in Spanish, is a species of venomous pitviper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to South America. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Etymology
Bothrocophias campbelli was named in honor of American herpetologist Jonathan A. Campbell.
Description
The total length (including tail) of the specimens of B. campbelli which are available ranges from the type specimen, an adult male (Freire-Lascano, 1991), to for a large gravid female (Freire-Lascano & Kuch, 2000), to for a specimen from Imbabura, Ecuador, and another of from the type locality.
The scalation includes 21–25 (usually 23) rows of dorsal scales at midbody, all of which are keeled except for the first rows. The posterior dorsals have tubercular keels, even in small specimens, while in large specimens these keels are highly elevated. There are 152-167/159-177 ventral scales in males/females and 51-64/48-60 paired subcaudal scales in males/females. On the head there are 3–8 intersupraocular scales, 7–8 supralabial scales, the second of which is usually fused with the prelacunal to form a lacunolabial, and 9–10 (usually 9) sublabial scales.
Geographic range
Bothrocophias campbelli is found in the Pacific lowlands and slopes from west-central Colombia to Ecuador. The type locality given is "Recinto Huagal-Sacramento, cantón Pallatanga, Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. 1500–2000 mts. de altura [4,900–6,600 feet]".
Habitat
The preferred natural habitat of B. campbelli is forest, at altitudes of .
Diet
B. campbelli preys upon caecilians, lizards, snakes of the genus Atractus, and small rodents.
Reproduction
B. campbelli is viviparous.
Taxonomy
In previous accounts, Bothrocophias campbelli has often been included in Bothrops pulcher (W. Peters, 1862), e.g., Lachesis pulcher — Boulenger, 1896, Bothrops pulchra — Amaral, 1923, and Bothrops pulcher — J.Peters & Orejas-Miranda, 1970. Campbell and Lamar (1992) considered Bothrocophias campbelli to be a junior synonym of Bothrops pulcher, but their concept of the latter taxon was incorrect. Schätti and Kramer (1993) argued that Bothrops campbelli (Freire-Lascano, 1991) was a nomen invalidum and suggested a new name, Porthidium almawebi, as a replacement. However, it is clear that Freire-Lascano's (1991) scientific name is valid and has priority over the one proposed by Schätti and Kramer (1993).
Gutberlet and Campbell (2001) moved this taxon to a new genus: Bothrocophias (toadheaded pitvipers).
References
Further reading
Freire-Lascano A (1991). "Dos nuevas especies de Bothrops en el Ecuador ". Publicaciones de Trabajos Científicos del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica de Machala 2: 1–11. (Bothrops campbelli, new species). (in Spanish).
Gutberlet RL, Campbell JA (2001). "Generic recognition for a neglected lineage of South American pitvipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of a new species from the Colombian Chocó". American Museum Novitates (3316): 1–15. (Bothrocophias campbelli, new combination).
Rojas-Rivera, Alejandra; Castillo, Karen; Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, Paul David Alfonso (2013). "Bothrocophias campbelli (Campbell's Toad-headed Pit Viper, Víbora Boca de Sapo de Campbell). Diet/Ophiophagy". Herpetological Review 44 (3): 518.
Valencia, Jorge H.; Garzón, Katty; Betancourt-Yépez, Raquel (2008). "Notes on the reproduction of the Ecuadorian toad-headed pitviper Bothrocophias campbelli (Freire-Lascano, 1991)". Herpetozoa 21 (1/2): 95–96.
campbelli
Snakes of South America
Reptiles of Colombia
Reptiles of Ecuador
Reptiles described in 1991
Taxa named by Antonio Freire Lascano |
The Fujita scale (F-Scale; ), or Fujita–Pearson scale (FPP scale), is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns (cycloidal marks), weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
Background
The scale was introduced in 1971 by Ted Fujita of the University of Chicago, in collaboration with Allen Pearson, head of the National Severe Storms Forecast Center/NSSFC (currently the Storm Prediction Center/SPC). The scale was updated in 1973, taking into account path length and width. In the United States, starting in the late 1970s, tornadoes were rated soon after occurrence. The Fujita scale was applied retroactively to tornadoes reported between 1950 and the adoption of the scale in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Tornado Database. Fujita rated tornadoes from 1916 to 1992 and Tom Grazulis of The Tornado Project retroactively rated all known significant tornadoes (F2–F5 or causing a fatality) in the U.S. back to 1880.
The Fujita scale was adopted in most areas outside of the United Kingdom.
On February 1, 2007, the Fujita scale was decommissioned, and the Enhanced Fujita Scale was introduced in the United States. The new scale more accurately matches wind speeds to the severity of damage caused by the tornado.
Though each damage level is associated with a wind speed, the Fujita scale is effectively a damage scale, and the wind speeds associated with the damage listed aren't rigorously verified. The Enhanced Fujita Scale was formulated due to research that suggested that the wind speeds required to inflict damage by intense tornadoes on the Fujita scale are greatly overestimated. A process of expert elicitation with top engineers and meteorologists resulted in the EF scale wind speeds, but these are biased to United States construction practices. The EF scale also improved damage parameter descriptions.
Derivation
The original scale as derived by Fujita was a theoretical 13-level scale (F0–F12) designed to smoothly connect the Beaufort scale and the Mach number scale. F1 corresponds to the twelfth level of the Beaufort scale, and F12 corresponds to Mach number 1.0. F0 was placed at a position specifying no damage (approximately the eighth level of the Beaufort scale), in analogy to how Beaufort's zeroth level specifies little to no wind. From these wind speed numbers, qualitative descriptions of damage were made for each category of the Fujita scale, and then these descriptions were used to classify tornadoes.
At the time Fujita derived the scale, little information was available on damage caused by wind, so the original scale presented little more than educated guesses at wind speed ranges for specific tiers of damage. Fujita intended that only F0–F5 be used in practice, as this covered all possible levels of damage to frame homes as well as the expected estimated bounds of wind speeds. He did, however, add a description for F6, which he called an "inconceivable tornado", to allow for wind speeds exceeding F5 and possible advancements in damage analysis that might show it. In total, two tornadoes received the rating of F6, but both were later downgraded to F5.
Based on aerial photographs of the damage it caused, Fujita assigned the strongest tornado of the 1974 Super Outbreak, which affected Xenia, Ohio, a preliminary rating of F6 intensity ± 1 scale. The 1977 Birmingham–Smithfield F5 tornado's damage was surveyed by Ted Fujita and he “toyed with the idea of rating the Smithfield tornado an F6.” In 2001, tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis stated in his book F5–F6 Tornadoes; "In my opinion, if there ever was an F6 tornado caught on video, it was the Pampa, Texas tornado of 1995". In 2023, it was announced by the Storm Prediction Center and National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma that the 1970 Lubbock tornado was originally rated F6, which was later downgraded to its official rating of F5.
Furthermore, the original wind speed numbers have since been found to be higher than the actual speeds required to incur the damage described at each category. The error manifests itself to an increasing degree as the category increases, especially in the range of F3 through F5. NOAA notes that "precise wind speed numbers are actually guesses and have never been scientifically verified. Different wind speeds may cause similar-looking damage from place to place—even from building to building. Without a thorough engineering analysis of tornado damage in any event, the actual wind speeds needed to cause that damage are unknown." Since then, the Enhanced Fujita Scale has been created using better wind estimates by engineers and meteorologists.
Parameters
The six categories are listed here, in order of increasing intensity.
The rating of any given tornado is of the most severe damage to any well-built frame home or comparable level of damage from engineering analysis of other damage.
Since the Fujita scale is based on the severity of damage resulting from high winds, a tornado exceeding F5 is an immeasurable theoretical construct. Frame-home structural damage cannot exceed total destruction and debris dispersal, which constitutes F5 damage. A tornado with wind speeds greater than is theoretically possible, and the 1999 Bridge Creek-Moore Tornado may have been such an event, but no such wind speed has ever been recorded and that measurement was not near ground level.
Pearson scales
In 1973, Allen Pearson added additional path length and path width parameters to the Fujita scale. Under this version, each tornado would be assigned one Fujita scale rating and two Pearson scale ratings. For example, a tornado rated F4 based on damage with a path length of and a path width of would be rated F,P,P 4,4,4. Use of the Pearson scales was not widespread, however, and it remained more common to simply list a tornado's path length and path width directly.
Rating classifications
For purposes such as tornado climatology studies, Fujita scale ratings may be grouped into classes.
Decommissioning in the U.S.
The Fujita scale, introduced in 1971 as a means to differentiate tornado intensity and path area, assigned wind speeds to damage that were, at best, educated guesses. Fujita and others recognized this immediately and intensive engineering analysis was conducted through the rest of the 1970s. This research, as well as subsequent research, showed that tornado wind speeds required to inflict the described damage were actually much lower than the F-scale indicated, particularly for the upper categories. Also, although the scale gave general descriptions of damage a tornado could cause, it gave little leeway for strength of construction and other factors that might cause a building to sustain more damage at lower wind speeds. Fujita tried to address these problems somewhat in 1992 with the Modified Fujita Scale, but by then he was semi-retired and the National Weather Service was not in a position to update to an entirely new scale, so it went largely unenacted.
In the United States, on February 1, 2007, the Fujita scale was decommissioned in favor of what scientists believe is a more accurate Enhanced Fujita Scale. The meteorologists and engineers who designed the EF Scale believe it improves on the F-scale on many counts. It accounts for different degrees of damage that occur with different types of structures, both manmade and natural. The expanded and refined damage indicators and degrees of damage standardize what was somewhat ambiguous. It also is thought to provide much better estimates of wind speeds and sets no upper limit on the wind speeds for the highest level, EF5. Environment Canada began using the Enhanced Fujita scale in Canada on April 1, 2013. The U.S. and Canada are the only countries to officially adopt the Enhanced Fujita scale.
See also
Enhanced Fujita scale
International Fujita scale
Lists of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
List of F5 and EF5 tornadoes
Rohn Emergency Scale for measuring the magnitude (intensity) of any emergency
Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale
Severe weather terminology (United States)
Tornado intensity and damage
Tornado records
TORRO scale
Wind engineering
References
Bibliography
External links
Enhanced F Scale for Tornado Damage (SPC)
The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale) (SPC)
A Guide for Conducting Convective Windstorm Surveys (NWS SR146)
The Tornado: An Engineering-Oriented Perspective (NWS SR147)
Fujita archival records (Texas Tech University)
Hazard scales
Wind
Tornado
Scales in meteorology |
```rust
use crate::{
metrics::{self, record_metric, Endpoint, HasLabelsCore, Outcome},
request_database::Handle,
server_axum::api_orchestrator_integration_impls::*,
};
use axum::extract::ws::{Message, WebSocket};
use futures::{future::Fuse, Future, FutureExt, StreamExt, TryFutureExt};
use orchestrator::{
coordinator::{self, Coordinator, CoordinatorFactory, DockerBackend},
DropErrorDetailsExt,
};
use snafu::prelude::*;
use std::{
collections::BTreeMap,
convert::TryFrom,
mem,
pin::pin,
sync::{
atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering},
Arc,
},
time::{Duration, Instant},
};
use tokio::{
sync::{mpsc, Semaphore},
task::{AbortHandle, JoinSet},
time,
};
use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
use tracing::{error, instrument, warn, Instrument};
#[derive(Debug, serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
struct MetaInner {
sequence_number: i64,
}
type Meta = Arc<MetaInner>;
#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
#[serde(tag = "type")]
enum HandshakeMessage {
#[serde(rename = "websocket/connected")]
Connected {
payload: Connected,
#[allow(unused)]
meta: Meta,
},
}
#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
struct Connected {
i_accept_this_is_an_unsupported_api: bool,
}
#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
#[serde(tag = "type")]
enum WSMessageRequest {
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteRequest")]
ExecuteRequest { payload: ExecuteRequest, meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteStdin")]
ExecuteStdin { payload: String, meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteStdinClose")]
ExecuteStdinClose { meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteKill")]
ExecuteKill { meta: Meta },
}
#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
struct ExecuteRequest {
channel: String,
mode: String,
edition: String,
crate_type: String,
tests: bool,
code: String,
backtrace: bool,
}
impl TryFrom<ExecuteRequest> for coordinator::ExecuteRequest {
type Error = ExecuteRequestParseError;
fn try_from(value: ExecuteRequest) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
let ExecuteRequest {
channel,
mode,
edition,
crate_type,
tests,
code,
backtrace,
} = value;
Ok(coordinator::ExecuteRequest {
channel: parse_channel(&channel)?,
mode: parse_mode(&mode)?,
edition: parse_edition(&edition)?,
crate_type: parse_crate_type(&crate_type)?,
tests,
backtrace,
code,
})
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
pub(crate) enum ExecuteRequestParseError {
#[snafu(transparent)]
Channel { source: ParseChannelError },
#[snafu(transparent)]
CrateType { source: ParseCrateTypeError },
#[snafu(transparent)]
Mode { source: ParseModeError },
#[snafu(transparent)]
Edition { source: ParseEditionError },
}
#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize)]
#[serde(tag = "type")]
enum MessageResponse {
#[serde(rename = "websocket/error")]
Error { payload: WSError, meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "featureFlags")]
FeatureFlags { payload: FeatureFlags, meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteBegin")]
ExecuteBegin { meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteStdout")]
ExecuteStdout { payload: String, meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteStderr")]
ExecuteStderr { payload: String, meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteStatus")]
ExecuteStatus { payload: ExecuteStatus, meta: Meta },
#[serde(rename = "output/execute/wsExecuteEnd")]
ExecuteEnd {
payload: ExecuteResponse,
meta: Meta,
},
}
#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
struct WSError {
error: String,
}
#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub(crate) struct FeatureFlags {}
impl From<crate::FeatureFlags> for FeatureFlags {
fn from(_value: crate::FeatureFlags) -> Self {
Self {}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
pub(crate) struct ExecuteStatus {
resident_set_size_bytes: u64,
total_time_secs: f64,
}
impl From<orchestrator::coordinator::ExecuteStatus> for ExecuteStatus {
fn from(value: orchestrator::coordinator::ExecuteStatus) -> Self {
let coordinator::ExecuteStatus {
resident_set_size_bytes,
total_time_secs,
} = value;
Self {
resident_set_size_bytes,
total_time_secs,
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize)]
#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
struct ExecuteResponse {
success: bool,
exit_detail: String,
}
#[instrument(skip_all, fields(ws_id))]
pub(crate) async fn handle(
socket: WebSocket,
factory: Arc<CoordinatorFactory>,
feature_flags: FeatureFlags,
db: Handle,
) {
static WEBSOCKET_ID: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
metrics::LIVE_WS.inc();
let start = Instant::now();
let id = WEBSOCKET_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
tracing::Span::current().record("ws_id", &id);
handle_core(socket, factory, feature_flags, db).await;
metrics::LIVE_WS.dec();
let elapsed = start.elapsed();
metrics::DURATION_WS.observe(elapsed.as_secs_f64());
}
type TaggedError = (Error, Option<Meta>);
type ResponseTx = mpsc::Sender<Result<MessageResponse, TaggedError>>;
type SharedCoordinator = Arc<Coordinator<DockerBackend>>;
/// Manages a limited amount of access to the `Coordinator`.
///
/// Has a number of responsibilities:
///
/// - Constructs the `Coordinator` on demand.
///
/// - Only allows one job of a certain kind at a time (e.g. executing
/// vs formatting). Older jobs will be cancelled.
///
/// - Allows limited parallelism between jobs of different types.
struct CoordinatorManager {
coordinator: SharedCoordinator,
tasks: JoinSet<Result<(), TaggedError>>,
semaphore: Arc<Semaphore>,
abort_handles: [Option<AbortHandle>; Self::N_KINDS],
}
impl CoordinatorManager {
const IDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60);
const SESSION_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(45 * 60);
const N_PARALLEL: usize = 2;
const N_KINDS: usize = 1;
const KIND_EXECUTE: usize = 0;
fn new(factory: &CoordinatorFactory) -> Self {
Self {
coordinator: Arc::new(factory.build()),
tasks: Default::default(),
semaphore: Arc::new(Semaphore::new(Self::N_PARALLEL)),
abort_handles: Default::default(),
}
}
fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
self.tasks.is_empty()
}
async fn join_next(
&mut self,
) -> Option<Result<Result<(), TaggedError>, tokio::task::JoinError>> {
self.tasks.join_next().await
}
async fn spawn<F, Fut>(&mut self, handler: F) -> CoordinatorManagerResult<()>
where
F: FnOnce(SharedCoordinator) -> Fut,
F: 'static + Send,
Fut: Future<Output = Result<(), TaggedError>>,
Fut: 'static + Send,
{
let coordinator = self.coordinator.clone();
let semaphore = self.semaphore.clone();
let new_abort_handle = self.tasks.spawn(
async move {
let _permit = semaphore.acquire().await;
handler(coordinator).await
}
.in_current_span(),
);
let kind = Self::KIND_EXECUTE; // TODO: parameterize when we get a second kind
let old_abort_handle = self.abort_handles[kind].replace(new_abort_handle);
if let Some(abort_handle) = old_abort_handle {
abort_handle.abort();
}
Ok(())
}
async fn idle(&mut self) -> CoordinatorManagerResult<()> {
use coordinator_manager_error::*;
Arc::get_mut(&mut self.coordinator)
.context(OutstandingCoordinatorIdleSnafu)?
.idle()
.await
.context(IdleSnafu)?;
Ok(())
}
async fn shutdown(mut self) -> CoordinatorManagerResult<()> {
use coordinator_manager_error::*;
self.tasks.shutdown().await;
Arc::into_inner(self.coordinator)
.context(OutstandingCoordinatorShutdownSnafu)?
.shutdown()
.await
.context(ShutdownSnafu)?;
Ok(())
}
}
#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
#[snafu(module)]
pub enum CoordinatorManagerError {
#[snafu(display("The coordinator is still referenced and cannot be idled"))]
OutstandingCoordinatorIdle,
#[snafu(display("Could not idle the coordinator"))]
Idle { source: coordinator::Error },
#[snafu(display("The coordinator is still referenced and cannot be shut down"))]
OutstandingCoordinatorShutdown,
#[snafu(display("Could not shut down the coordinator"))]
Shutdown { source: coordinator::Error },
}
type CoordinatorManagerResult<T, E = CoordinatorManagerError> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
async fn handle_core(
mut socket: WebSocket,
factory: Arc<CoordinatorFactory>,
feature_flags: FeatureFlags,
db: Handle,
) {
if !connect_handshake(&mut socket).await {
return;
}
let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::channel(3);
let ff = MessageResponse::FeatureFlags {
payload: feature_flags,
meta: create_server_meta(),
};
if tx.send(Ok(ff)).await.is_err() {
return;
}
let mut manager = CoordinatorManager::new(&factory);
let mut session_timeout = pin!(time::sleep(CoordinatorManager::SESSION_TIMEOUT));
let mut idle_timeout = pin!(Fuse::terminated());
let mut active_executions = BTreeMap::new();
let mut active_execution_gc_interval = time::interval(Duration::from_secs(30));
loop {
tokio::select! {
request = socket.recv() => {
metrics::WS_INCOMING.inc();
match request {
None => {
// browser disconnected
break;
}
Some(Ok(Message::Text(txt))) => handle_msg(txt, &tx, &mut manager, &mut active_executions, &db).await,
Some(Ok(_)) => {
// unknown message type
continue;
}
Some(Err(e)) => super::record_websocket_error(e.to_string()),
}
},
resp = rx.recv() => {
let resp = resp.expect("The rx should never close as we have a tx");
let success = resp.is_ok();
let resp = resp.unwrap_or_else(error_to_response);
let resp = response_to_message(resp);
if socket.send(resp).await.is_err() {
// We can't send a response
break;
}
let success = if success { "true" } else { "false" };
metrics::WS_OUTGOING.with_label_values(&[success]).inc();
},
// We don't care if there are no running tasks
Some(task) = manager.join_next() => {
// The last task has completed which means we are a
// candidate for idling in a little while.
if manager.is_empty() {
idle_timeout.set(time::sleep(CoordinatorManager::IDLE_TIMEOUT).fuse());
}
let (error, meta) = match task {
Ok(Ok(())) => continue,
Ok(Err(error)) => error,
Err(error) => {
// The task was cancelled; no need to report
let Ok(panic) = error.try_into_panic() else { continue };
let text = match panic.downcast::<String>() {
Ok(text) => *text,
Err(panic) => match panic.downcast::<&str>() {
Ok(text) => text.to_string(),
_ => "An unknown panic occurred".into(),
}
};
(WebSocketTaskPanicSnafu { text }.build(), None)
}
};
if tx.send(Err((error, meta))).await.is_err() {
// We can't send a response
break;
}
},
_ = active_execution_gc_interval.tick() => {
active_executions = mem::take(&mut active_executions)
.into_iter()
.filter(|(_id, (_, tx))| tx.as_ref().map_or(false, |tx| !tx.is_closed()))
.collect();
},
_ = &mut idle_timeout, if manager.is_empty() => {
let idled = manager.idle().await.context(StreamingCoordinatorIdleSnafu);
let Err(error) = idled else { continue };
if tx.send(Err((error, None))).await.is_err() {
// We can't send a response
break;
}
},
_ = &mut session_timeout => {
break;
}
}
}
drop((tx, rx, socket));
if let Err(e) = manager.shutdown().await {
error!("Could not shut down the Coordinator: {e:?}");
}
}
async fn connect_handshake(socket: &mut WebSocket) -> bool {
let Some(Ok(Message::Text(txt))) = socket.recv().await else {
return false;
};
let Ok(HandshakeMessage::Connected { payload, .. }) =
serde_json::from_str::<HandshakeMessage>(&txt)
else {
return false;
};
if !payload.i_accept_this_is_an_unsupported_api {
return false;
}
socket.send(Message::Text(txt)).await.is_ok()
}
fn create_server_meta() -> Meta {
Arc::new(MetaInner {
sequence_number: -1,
})
}
fn error_to_response((error, meta): TaggedError) -> MessageResponse {
let error = snafu::CleanedErrorText::new(&error)
.map(|(_, t, _)| t)
.reduce(|e, t| e + ": " + &t)
.unwrap_or_default();
let payload = WSError { error };
let meta = meta.unwrap_or_else(create_server_meta);
MessageResponse::Error { payload, meta }
}
fn response_to_message(response: MessageResponse) -> Message {
const LAST_CHANCE_ERROR: &str =
r#"{ "type": "WEBSOCKET_ERROR", "error": "Unable to serialize JSON" }"#;
let resp = serde_json::to_string(&response).unwrap_or_else(|_| LAST_CHANCE_ERROR.into());
Message::Text(resp)
}
type ActiveExecutionInfo = (CancellationToken, Option<mpsc::Sender<String>>);
async fn handle_msg(
txt: String,
tx: &ResponseTx,
manager: &mut CoordinatorManager,
active_executions: &mut BTreeMap<i64, ActiveExecutionInfo>,
db: &Handle,
) {
use WSMessageRequest::*;
let msg = serde_json::from_str(&txt).context(DeserializationSnafu);
match msg {
Ok(ExecuteRequest { payload, meta }) => {
let token = CancellationToken::new();
let (execution_tx, execution_rx) = mpsc::channel(8);
let guard = db.clone().start_with_guard("ws.Execute", &txt).await;
active_executions.insert(meta.sequence_number, (token.clone(), Some(execution_tx)));
// TODO: Should a single execute / build / etc. session have a timeout of some kind?
let spawned = manager
.spawn({
let tx = tx.clone();
let meta = meta.clone();
|coordinator| async {
let r = handle_execute(
token,
execution_rx,
tx,
coordinator,
payload,
meta.clone(),
)
.context(StreamingExecuteSnafu)
.map_err(|e| (e, Some(meta)))
.await;
guard.complete_now(r)
}
})
.await
.context(StreamingCoordinatorSpawnSnafu);
if let Err(e) = spawned {
tx.send(Err((e, Some(meta)))).await.ok(/* We don't care if the channel is closed */);
}
}
Ok(ExecuteStdin { payload, meta }) => {
let Some((_, Some(execution_tx))) = active_executions.get(&meta.sequence_number) else {
warn!("Received stdin for an execution that is no longer active");
return;
};
let sent = execution_tx
.send(payload)
.await
.drop_error_details()
.context(StreamingCoordinatorExecuteStdinSnafu);
if let Err(e) = sent {
tx.send(Err((e, Some(meta)))).await.ok(/* We don't care if the channel is closed */);
}
}
Ok(ExecuteStdinClose { meta }) => {
let Some((_, execution_tx)) = active_executions.get_mut(&meta.sequence_number) else {
warn!("Received stdin close for an execution that is no longer active");
return;
};
*execution_tx = None; // Drop to signal closed
}
Ok(ExecuteKill { meta }) => {
let Some((token, _)) = active_executions.get(&meta.sequence_number) else {
warn!("Received kill for an execution that is no longer active");
return;
};
token.cancel();
}
Err(e) => {
tx.send(Err((e, None))).await.ok(/* We don't care if the channel is closed */);
}
}
}
#[derive(Debug)]
enum CompletedOrAbandoned<T> {
Abandoned,
Completed(T),
}
macro_rules! abandon_if_closed {
($sent:expr) => {
if $sent.is_err() {
return Ok(CompletedOrAbandoned::Abandoned);
}
};
}
async fn handle_execute(
token: CancellationToken,
rx: mpsc::Receiver<String>,
tx: ResponseTx,
coordinator: SharedCoordinator,
req: ExecuteRequest,
meta: Meta,
) -> ExecuteResult<()> {
use execute_error::*;
use CompletedOrAbandoned::*;
let req = coordinator::ExecuteRequest::try_from(req).context(BadRequestSnafu)?;
let labels_core = req.labels_core();
let start = Instant::now();
let v = handle_execute_inner(token, rx, tx, coordinator, req, meta).await;
let elapsed = start.elapsed();
let outcome = match &v {
Ok(Abandoned) => Outcome::Abandoned,
Ok(Completed(v)) => *v,
Err(_) => Outcome::ErrorServer,
};
record_metric(Endpoint::Execute, labels_core, outcome, elapsed);
v?;
Ok(())
}
async fn handle_execute_inner(
token: CancellationToken,
mut rx: mpsc::Receiver<String>,
tx: ResponseTx,
coordinator: SharedCoordinator,
req: coordinator::ExecuteRequest,
meta: Meta,
) -> ExecuteResult<CompletedOrAbandoned<Outcome>> {
use execute_error::*;
use CompletedOrAbandoned::*;
let coordinator::ActiveExecution {
permit: _permit,
mut task,
stdin_tx,
mut stdout_rx,
mut stderr_rx,
mut status_rx,
} = coordinator
.begin_execute(token.clone(), req.clone())
.await
.context(BeginSnafu)?;
let sent = tx
.send(Ok(MessageResponse::ExecuteBegin { meta: meta.clone() }))
.await;
abandon_if_closed!(sent);
let mut stdin_tx = Some(stdin_tx);
let send_stdout = |payload| async {
let meta = meta.clone();
tx.send(Ok(MessageResponse::ExecuteStdout { payload, meta }))
.await
};
let send_stderr = |payload| async {
let meta = meta.clone();
tx.send(Ok(MessageResponse::ExecuteStderr { payload, meta }))
.await
};
let mut reported = false;
let status = loop {
tokio::select! {
status = &mut task => break status,
stdin = rx.recv(), if stdin_tx.is_some() => {
match stdin {
Some(stdin) => {
stdin_tx
.as_ref()
.unwrap(/* This is a precondition */)
.send(stdin)
.await
.drop_error_details()
.context(StdinSnafu)?;
}
None => {
let stdin_tx = stdin_tx.take();
drop(stdin_tx); // Signal closed
}
}
}
Some(stdout) = stdout_rx.recv() => {
let sent = send_stdout(stdout).await;
abandon_if_closed!(sent);
},
Some(stderr) = stderr_rx.recv() => {
let sent = send_stderr(stderr).await;
abandon_if_closed!(sent);
},
Some(status) = status_rx.next() => {
if !reported && status.total_time_secs > 60.0 {
error!("Request consumed more than 60s of CPU time: {req:?}");
reported = true;
}
let payload = status.into();
let meta = meta.clone();
let sent = tx.send(Ok(MessageResponse::ExecuteStatus { payload, meta })).await;
abandon_if_closed!(sent);
}
}
};
// Drain any remaining output
while let Some(Some(stdout)) = stdout_rx.recv().now_or_never() {
let sent = send_stdout(stdout).await;
abandon_if_closed!(sent);
}
while let Some(Some(stderr)) = stderr_rx.recv().now_or_never() {
let sent = send_stderr(stderr).await;
abandon_if_closed!(sent);
}
let status = status.context(EndSnafu)?;
let outcome = Outcome::from_success(&status);
let coordinator::ExecuteResponse {
success,
exit_detail,
} = status;
let sent = tx
.send(Ok(MessageResponse::ExecuteEnd {
payload: ExecuteResponse {
success,
exit_detail,
},
meta,
}))
.await;
abandon_if_closed!(sent);
Ok(Completed(outcome))
}
#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
#[snafu(module)]
pub(crate) enum ExecuteError {
#[snafu(display("The request could not be parsed"))]
BadRequest { source: ExecuteRequestParseError },
#[snafu(display("Could not begin the execution session"))]
Begin { source: coordinator::ExecuteError },
#[snafu(display("Could not end the execution session"))]
End { source: coordinator::ExecuteError },
#[snafu(display("Could not send stdin to the coordinator"))]
Stdin {
source: tokio::sync::mpsc::error::SendError<()>,
},
}
type ExecuteResult<T, E = ExecuteError> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
#[derive(Debug, Snafu)]
enum Error {
#[snafu(display("Unable to deserialize request"))]
Deserialization { source: serde_json::Error },
#[snafu(display("The WebSocket worker panicked: {}", text))]
WebSocketTaskPanic { text: String },
#[snafu(display("Unable to spawn a coordinator task"))]
StreamingCoordinatorSpawn { source: CoordinatorManagerError },
#[snafu(display("Unable to idle the coordinator"))]
StreamingCoordinatorIdle { source: CoordinatorManagerError },
#[snafu(display("Unable to perform a streaming execute"))]
StreamingExecute { source: ExecuteError },
#[snafu(display("Unable to pass stdin to the active execution"))]
StreamingCoordinatorExecuteStdin {
source: tokio::sync::mpsc::error::SendError<()>,
},
}
``` |
Events from the year 1686 in art.
Events
Pierre Granier is commissioned to provide a new right arm for the recently discovered Jupiter de Smyrne.
Bogdan Saltanov becomes head of the painting workshop of the Kremlin Armoury.
Works
Benedetto Gennari – The Death of Cleopatra
Jacques Rousseau – Wall paintings at Montagu House, Bloomsbury (now lost)
(three artists) – Hanging painting of the Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva (Gwaneumbodhisavtta) at the Geumdangsa, South Korea
(workshop of Grinling Gibbons) – Statue of James II
Births
March 7 – Francesco Antonio Xaverio Grue, Italian potter and painter (died 1746)
March 17 – Jean-Baptiste Oudry, French Rococo painter, engraver and tapestry designer (died 1755)
May 30 – Antonina Houbraken, Dutch printmaker and drafter (died 1736)
August 8 – Wenzel Lorenz Reiner, Czech Baroque painter (died 1743)
August 18 – Peter von Bemmel, German landscape painter and etcher (died 1754)
August 27 – Agostino Cornacchini, Italian sculptor and painter (died 1754)
September 29 – Cosmas Damian Asam, German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (died 1739)
October 15 – Alessandro Galli Bibiena, Italian architect/painter (died 1748)
date unknown
Gerhard Bockman, Dutch portrait painter and mezzotint engraver (died 1773)
Carlo Carlone, Italian painter (died 1775)
Antonio Consetti, Italian historical painter (died 1766)
Louise-Magdeleine Horthemels, French engraver (died 1767)
François Hutin, French painter, sculptor and engraver (died 1758)
Giovanni Pietro Ligario, Italian painter of historical pictures for churches and private collections (died 1748)
Okumura Masanobu, Japanese print designer, book publisher and painter (died 1764)
Wang Shishen, Chinese painter (died 1759)
Zou Yigui, Chinese Qing dynasty painter (died 1772)
Zhang Zongcang, Chinese Qing dynasty painter (died 1756)
probable – Li Shan, Chinese painter (died 1756)
Deaths
January 2 – Frederik de Moucheron, Dutch Golden Age landscape painter (born 1633)
January 17 – Carlo Dolci, Italian painter of chiefly sacred subjects (born 1616)
February 5 – Matthias Rauchmiller, German sculptor active in Vienna (born 1645)
May – Jacques d'Arthois, Flemish Baroque painter specializing in landscapes (born 1613)
June 25 – Simon Ushakov, Russian painter (born 1626)
July 11 – Michel Anguier, French sculptor (born 1612)
date unknown
Antonio Busca, Italian painter active in Lombardy (born 1625)
Carlo Cesio, Italian painter active in Rome (born 1626)
Nicolas Cochin, French draughtsman and engraver (born 1610)
Giovanni Battista Marmi, Italian painter (born 1659)
Pieter Pietersz Nedek, Dutch Golden Age painter (born 1616)
Antonio Raggi, Italian sculptor (born 1624)
Dirk Stoop, Dutch Golden Age painter (born 1615)
Years of the 17th century in art
1680s in art |
Arthur Forbes, 2nd Earl of Granard ( – 1 April 1724), was an Irish soldier and peer.
Early life
Forbes was born as the eldest son of Arthur Forbes of Castle Forbes in Aberdeenshire and the former Catharine (née Newcomen) Stewart (widow of Sir Alexander Stewart, 2nd Baronet). His mother was the eldest daughter of Sir Robert Newcomen, 4th Baronet, of Kenagh, and the former Anne Boleyn. His younger sister, Lady Catharine Forbes, was married to Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall, as his second wife.
His paternal grandfather was Arthur Forbes, who was created a Baronet of Castle Forbes in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 29 September 1628. In 1632, Forbes' father succeeded as the 2nd Baronet. In November 1675, his father was created Baron Clanehugh and Viscount of Granard in his own right, followed by the earldom of Granard on 30 December 1684.
Career
Forbes was a Col. of the 18th Regiment of Foot (the Royal Irish regiment) from 1686 to 1688, when he was removed by King William III and was thrice imprisoned in the Tower of London for his "suspected co-operation with the Stuarts". He served on the Continent under Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne, and took part in the Siege of Buda in 1686 as part of the Great Turkish War. His younger brother, Lt.-Col. Hon. Robert Forbes, was killed in the trenches in the Siege of Buda.
He was in favour of William III's successor, Queen Anne, and during her reign, he received an offer of the governorship of Jamaica, which as a non-juror he declined.
Personal life
In October 1678, Forbes married Mary Rawdon (1661–1724), eldest daughter of Sir George Rawdon, 1st Baronet, of Moira, by his second wife, Hon. Dorothy Conway (eldest daughter of Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway). Together, they were the parents of several children, including:
Arthur Forbes, styled Lord Forbes, died unmarried in 1704.
George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard (1685–1765), who married Hon. Mary (nee Stewart) Preston, widow of Phineas Preston and eldest daughter of William Stewart, 1st Viscount Mountjoy, and Hon. Mary Coote (herself the eldest daughter of Richard Coote, 1st Baron Coote), in 1709.
Lady Jane Forbes (d. 1760), married Rev. George Champagné of Portarlington (d. 1737).
Lady Dorothy Forbes (d. 1779), died unmarried.
Lady Granard died on 1 April 1724. Lord Granard died on 24 August 1734 and was buried at Newtownforbes, County Longford. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son George.
References
1650s births
1734 deaths
Earls of Granard
Arthur |
```kotlin
/*
* that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/
package kotlin.ranges
/**
* An iterator over a progression of values of type `Char`.
* @property step the number by which the value is incremented on each step.
*/
internal class CharProgressionIterator(first: Char, last: Char, val step: Int) : CharIterator() {
private val finalElement = last.toInt()
private var hasNext: Boolean = if (step > 0) first <= last else first >= last
private var next = if (hasNext) first.toInt() else finalElement
override fun hasNext(): Boolean = hasNext
override fun nextChar(): Char {
val value = next
if (value == finalElement) {
if (!hasNext) throw kotlin.NoSuchElementException()
hasNext = false
}
else {
next += step
}
return value.toChar()
}
}
/**
* An iterator over a progression of values of type `Int`.
* @property step the number by which the value is incremented on each step.
*/
internal class IntProgressionIterator(first: Int, last: Int, val step: Int) : IntIterator() {
private val finalElement = last
private var hasNext: Boolean = if (step > 0) first <= last else first >= last
private var next = if (hasNext) first else finalElement
override fun hasNext(): Boolean = hasNext
override fun nextInt(): Int {
val value = next
if (value == finalElement) {
if (!hasNext) throw kotlin.NoSuchElementException()
hasNext = false
}
else {
next += step
}
return value
}
}
/**
* An iterator over a progression of values of type `Long`.
* @property step the number by which the value is incremented on each step.
*/
internal class LongProgressionIterator(first: Long, last: Long, val step: Long) : LongIterator() {
private val finalElement = last
private var hasNext: Boolean = if (step > 0) first <= last else first >= last
private var next = if (hasNext) first else finalElement
override fun hasNext(): Boolean = hasNext
override fun nextLong(): Long {
val value = next
if (value == finalElement) {
if (!hasNext) throw kotlin.NoSuchElementException()
hasNext = false
}
else {
next += step
}
return value
}
}
``` |
The Motherpeace Tarot is a deck of tarot cards inspired by the Goddess movement and second-wave feminism. Created by Karen Vogel and Vicki Noble in the 1970s, it has never been out of print, and in 2017 was the subject of a Christian Dior fashion collection.
Background
At the time this deck was created, the feminist movement was experiencing a surge in popularity. Women were empowering themselves in a variety of ways, but a great deal of attention was placed on feminist art and the relationships forged between the artist, the work, and the viewer. This period is often viewed as one of the most progressive eras of feminist artwork. Although the mood of the 1970s was reported to be somewhat dark and uncertain, particularly in the Berkeley area where Vogel and Noble resided, the empowerment that many women gained through exploring their spirituality and artistic selves helped to push them through the decade.
Artistic creation
Motherpeace was created by two women from Berkeley, California, Karen Vogel, and Vicki Noble, friends who had studied anthropology, women's studies and history. In the late 1970s, Vogel and Noble were roommates who shared common interests in Goddess spirituality, psychic studies, and the occult. One night in 1978, inspiration struck in an event where "Karen felt our room literally tilt, and Vicki proceeded to have a life-changing vision of Goddess energy and transmission of ancient wisdom." Shortly afterwards, they began devising a feminist deck based on their knowledge of history, alternative healing, and psychic studies.
The book Motherpeace: A Way to the Goddess Through Myth, Art and Tarot was written by Vicki Noble to accompany the deck.
Symbolism
According to A Cultural History of Tarot, Motherpeace was designed to "fulfil a feminist agenda", with round cards to represent the Moon, "long associated with female energies and the Mother Goddess", and symbology was drawn from cultures across the world.
Vogel and Noble's artwork is a departure from more traditional tarot iconography such as the Rider–Waite–Smith deck, as it features predominantly female figures. Inspiration for the deck comes from myth and literature by and about women, including Greek and Roman mythology, and contemporary writers such as Alice Walker. Vogel and Noble explored feminism on each continent. They followed traditions back to their origins, finding out how important women were in indigenous cultures. The Goddess was a very important figure in ancient cultures. All of the scenes depicted are centered on women. The images are meant to focus on the importance of ritual, artistic expression, uniqueness and the idea of a culture whose members support one another.
The round shape of the cards is unprecedented and symbolically significant. The departure from the usual rectangular shape is meant to represent the fertility of women. This draws from classic feminist artwork which also uses many different symbols of fertility and femininity. The cards are hard to shuffle because of their shape but skilled hands can handle them deftly.
Cultural legacy
Motherpeace was so influential in one strand of lesbian culture of the 1980s that it serves as a chapter title in the memoir of New Zealand academic Aorewa McLeod, and a shorthand for the lesbian feminist experience in London.
In 2017, Christian Dior, the fashion house, approached Vogel and Noble for permission to design clothing based on the pair's 1970s artwork. This was one of the first shows since Maria Grazia Chiuri became creative director. The Vogue review of the "Resort" collection picked out the dress using the motif from the Death card. According to Vogel, rather than being about physical death, the death card conveys the beauty of shedding skin that a snake does and symbolizes transformation and renewal. This marked the first time that Vogel and Noble had allowed any use of their images, saying that the time felt right.
Following the release of the "ethereal" haute couture dresses, sales of Motherpeace Tarot doubled in a few months, and sales of other tarot decks increased as well.
Differences
There are some differences between the Motherpeace deck and more traditional tarot decks.
Major Arcana
IX is The Crone as opposed to The Hermit
XII is The Hanged One as opposed to The Hanged Man
Minor Arcana
The changes in the Motherpeace's Minor Arcana are seen in the Court Cards
Daughter replaces the Page
Son replaces the Knight
Priestess replaces the Queen
Shaman replaces the King
These changes call to mind family rather than monarchy. By having these characters instead of the originals, the Motherpeace deck suggests that we can make our own future.
References
Feminism and spirituality
Feminist spirituality
Feminist art
Lesbian feminism
Divination Tarot decks |
The Gods of Pegāna is the first book by Anglo-Irish writer Lord Dunsany, published in 1905. The fantasy book was reviewed favourably but as an unusual piece. One of the more influential reviews was by Edward Thomas in the London Daily Chronicle.
Contents
The book is a series of short stories linked by Dunsany's invented pantheon of deities who dwell in Pegāna. It was followed by a further collection, Time and the Gods, and by some stories in The Sword of Welleran and Other Stories and possibly in Tales of Three Hemispheres.
The book contains a range of illustrations by Sidney Sime, the originals of all of which can be seen at Dunsany Castle.
In 1919 Dunsany told an American interviewer: "In The Gods of Pegāna I tried to account for the ocean and the moon. I don't know whether anyone else has ever tried that before".
Stories
"Preface"
"The Gods of Pegāna"
"Of Skarl the Drummer"
"Of the Making of the Worlds"
"Of the Game of the Gods"
"The Chaunt of the Gods"
"The Sayings of Kib"
"Concerning Sish"
"The Sayings of Slid"
"The Deeds of Mung"
"The Chaunt of the Priests"
"The Sayings of Limpang-Tung"
"Of Yoharneth-Lahai"
"Of Roon, the God of Going"
"The Revolt of the Home Gods"
"Of Dorozhand"
"The Eye in the Waste"
"Of the Thing That Is Neither God Nor Beast"
"Yonath the Prophet"
"Yug the Prophet"
"Alhireth-Hotep the Prophet"
"Kabok the Prophet"
"Of the Calamity That Befel Yūn-Ilāra by the Sea, and of the Building of the Tower of the Ending of Days"
"Of How the Gods Whelmed Sidith"
"Of How Imbaun Became High Prophet in Aradec of All the Gods Save One"
"Of How Imbaun Met Zodrak"
"Pegāna"
"The Sayings of Imbaun"
"Of How Imbaun Spake of Death to the King"
"Of Ood"
"The River"
"The Bird of Doom and the End"
The pantheon
MĀNA-YOOD-SUSHA̅I̅
The chief of the gods of Pegāna is MĀNA-YOOD-SUSHA̅I̅, who created the other gods and then fell asleep; when he wakes, he "will make again new gods and other worlds, and will destroy the gods whom he hath made." Men may pray to "all the gods but one"; only the gods themselves may pray to MĀNA-YOOD-SUSHA̅I̅.
Skarl the Drummer
After MĀNA-YOOD-SUSHA̅I̅ "made the gods and Skarl", Skarl made a drum and beat on it in order to lull his creator to sleep; he keeps drumming eternally, for "if he cease for an instant then MĀNA-YOOD-SUSHA̅I̅ will start awake, and there will be worlds nor gods no more". Dunsany writes that:
The small gods
Besides MĀNA-YOOD-SUSHA̅I̅, there are numerous other gods in Pegāna's pantheon, known as the small gods:
Kib, the Sender of Life in all the Worlds. The god of beasts and men.
Sish, the Destroyer of Hours. The god of time.
Mung, Lord of all Deaths between Pegāna and the Rim. The god of death.
Slid, whose Soul is by the Sea. The god of waters.
Limpang-Tung, the God of Mirth and of Melodious Minstrels.
Yoharneth-Lahai, the God of Little Dreams and Fancies.
Roon, the God of Going and the Thousand Home Gods.
Dorozhand, whose Eyes Regard the End. The god of destiny.
Hoodrazai, the Eye in the Waste. The mirthless god who knows the secret of MĀNA-YOOD-SUSHA̅I̅.
Sirami, the Lord of All Forgetting
Mosahn, the Bird of Doom
Grimbol, Zeebol and Trehagobol, the three goddesses of the tallest mountains, mothers of the three (once) rebellious river gods.
The thousand home gods
According to Roon, the God of Going: "There are a thousand home gods, the little gods that sit before the hearth and mind the fire – there is one Roon". These home gods include:
Pitsu, who strokes the cat
Hobith, who calms the dog
Habaniah, the lord of glowing embers
little Zumbiboo, the lord of dust
old Gribaun, who sits in the heart of the fire to turn the wood to ash
Kilooloogung, the lord of arising smoke
Jabim, the Lord of broken things
Triboogie, the Lord of Dusk
Hish, the Lord of Silence
Wohoon, the Lord of Noises in the Night
Eimēs, Zānēs, and Segástrion, the (once) rebellious lords of the three rivers of the plain
Umbool, the Lord of the Drought
Araxes, Zadres, and Hyraglion, stars in the south
Ingazi, Yo, and Mindo, stars to the north
Trogool, neither god nor beast
Trogool is the mysterious thing set at the very south pole of the cosmos, whose duty is to turn over the pages of a great book, in which history writes itself every day until the end of the world. The fully written pages are "black", meaning the night, and when each one is turned, then the white page symbolizes a new day. Trogool never answers prayer, and the pages that have been turned shall never be turned back, neither by him nor by anyone else.
Its description says: "Trogool is the Thing that men in many countries have called by many names, It is the Thing that sits behind the gods, whose book is the Scheme of Things".
Publication history
The book was first published, on a commission basis, in London, 1905, by Elkin Mathews, with a second edition by The Pegana Press in 1911, and a third edition, again by Mathews, in 1919. Aside from its various stand-alone editions, the complete text of the collection is included in the Ballantine Adult Fantasy collection Beyond the Fields We Know (1972), in The Complete Pegāna (1998), and in the Gollancz Fantasy Masterworks omnibus Time and the Gods (2000).
Reception
The Irish Independent called The Gods of Pegāna "a strange and decidedly remarkable book, cleverly but weirdly illustrated", and commented that the reader would have to decide for themselves whether or not the stories had any satirical intent. The New York Times critic John Corbin described Dunsany's debut collection as "an attempt to create an Olympus of his own and people it with an assemblage of deities, each with a personality and a power over human life acutely conceived and visualized ... To me, [the collection] is autobiography, and all the more self-revealing because it is profoundly unconscious. As an achievement of the imagination". Corbin concluded that "this bible of the gods of Pegana is simply amazing".
Gahan Wilson praised The Gods of Pegāna as "a wonderfully sustained exercise in totally ironic fantasy which may never be beaten. Speaking in a highly original mix of King James Bible English, Yeatsian syntax, and Scheherazadian imagery, [Dunsany] introduces us to a wonderfully sinister Valhalla populated with mad, spectacularly cruel and wonderfully silly gods ... whose only genuine amusement appears to derive from the inventive damage they inflict upon their misbegotten worshippers". E. F. Bleiler lauded the collection as "a convincing, marvelous creation of an alien cosmology".
S. T. Joshi, noting that Dunsany was reading Nietzsche at the time he was writing The Gods of Pegāna, declared it "an instantiation of the quintessential act of fantasy: the creation of a new world. Dunsany has simply carried the procedure one step further than any of his conceivable predecessors – William Beckford (Vathek), William Morris with his medieval fantasies – by inventing an entire cosmogony ... Dunsany embodies his new realm with his own philosophical predilections, and these predilections – although expressed in the most gorgeously evocative of prose-poetry – are of a very modern, even radical sort".
References
Sources
External links
1905 short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Short story collections by Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany
High fantasy novels
Lists of fictional deities |
Jayme Dondrell Mitchell (born March 15, 1984) is a former American football defensive end. He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Ole Miss.
Mitchell has also played for the Cleveland Browns.
College career
Mitchell started 20 of the 45 games he played during his career at Mississippi and finished with 105 tackles, including 67 solo stops and 19 tackles for a loss. He also notched 5.0 career sacks, forced 2 fumbles and recovered another. As a senior, he started all 11 games at LDE. As a junior, he played in 8 games, starting 7 at LDE. He played in all 13 games as a sophomore, starting vs. South Carolina. He blocked a 30-yard FG at Vanderbilt and intercepted his 1st pass vs. LSU. Mitchell played in all 13 games as a true freshman and started his 1st career game at LDT against Mississippi State and notched 3 tackles in the Independence Bowl win over the University of Nebraska.
Professional career
Pre-draft
Mitchell was timed at 4.78 in the 40-yard dash and measured 6-6, 272 pounds.
Minnesota Vikings
In 2006, he played in 13 games after signing as an undrafted rookie free agent. He made 9 tackles and had 3 sacks. In 2007, he posted a sack and 9 QB hurries while playing in 10 games, notching 49 tackles in limited action. He spent the entire 2008 season on the injured reserve list after injuring his knee in the first preseason game against Seattle.
Cleveland Browns
He was traded to the Browns on October 5, 2010 for a late round 2012 draft pick. He did not play a game for the Browns in 2010, but signed a two-year contract on July 29, 2011 with Cleveland. He was released on March 16, 2012.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Mitchell signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on June 4, 2012. He left the team during training camp on August 8, and was released on August 10.
References
External links
Minnesota Vikings bio
1984 births
Living people
Players of American football from Jackson, Mississippi
American football defensive ends
Ole Miss Rebels football players
Minnesota Vikings players
Cleveland Browns players |
```php
<?php
/*
* This file is part of Piplin.
*
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
* file that was distributed with this source code.
*/
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
class AlterHooksTable extends Migration
{
/**
* Run the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function up()
{
Schema::table('hooks', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->renameColumn('on_deployment_success', 'on_task_success');
});
Schema::table('hooks', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->renameColumn('on_deployment_failure', 'on_task_failure');
});
}
/**
* Reverse the migrations.
*
* @return void
*/
public function down()
{
Schema::table('hooks', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->renameColumn('on_task_success', 'on_deployment_success');
});
Schema::table('hooks', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->renameColumn('on_task_failure', 'on_deployment_failure');
});
}
}
``` |
Climate Central is a nonprofit news organization that analyzes and reports on climate science. Composed of scientists and science journalists, the organization conducts scientific research on climate change and energy issues, and produces multimedia content that is distributed via their website and media partners. Climate Central has been featured in many prominent U.S. news sources, including The New York Times, the Associated Press, Reuters, NBC Nightly News, Time, National Public Radio, PBS, Scientific American, and The Washington Post.
Climate Central's President, CEO and Chief Scientist is Benjamin Strauss (elected April 2018 to replace Paul Hanle).
History
At a 2005 conference sponsored by the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and held in Aspen, Colorado, more than a hundred scientists, policymakers, journalists, and leaders from business, religion and civil society identified the critical need for a central authoritative source for climate change information. A broad group of climate experts later confirmed this need during a November 2006 New York meeting convened by James Gustave Speth, Dean of the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. At roughly the same time, in Palo Alto, California, The 11th Hour Project began organizing with the mission to popularize reliable information about global warming solutions, using the power of Silicon Valley scientists, entrepreneurs, and inventors.
Inspired the idea for Climate Central, which took shape early in 2008 with seed money from The Flora Family Foundation and development funds from 11th Hour Project. The founding board included Jane Lubchenco, Steven Pacala and Wendy Schmidt.
Climate Central also sponsors classes for meteorologists and provides climate graphics to television stations. This has been credited in part for the increase in acceptance of climate change science among local forecasters and their willingness to share it in their broadcasts.
See also
Scientific opinion on climate change
Public opinion on climate change
Climate change denial
References
External links
Official site – contains original multimedia content on climate change, including daily news and blogs, long form video, Web videos, and infographics.
Climatological research organizations
Climate change organizations based in the United States |
Jānis Joņevs (born 21. March 1980 in Jelgava) is a Latvian writer, copywriter and translator from french. After studying at the local Gymnasium in Jelgava, he went to Riga for his higher education and earned a Master's degree from the Latvian Academy of Culture. Joņevs is best known for his debut novel Doom 94 (Jelgava 94) which was a bestseller upon its release in 2013. The book later won the European Union Prize for Literature. It was translated into many languages and made into a feature film.
References
External links
1980 births
Latvian writers
Living people
Latvian Academy of Culture alumni
20th-century Latvian people
21st-century Latvian people |
RAF Findo Gask was a Royal Air Force satellite station located west of Perth, Scotland used during the Second World War.
History
RAF Findo Gask was opened on 14 June 1941 as a Flying Training Airfield. It would appear that it had three runways made of Sommerfeld Track (a form of wire netting based surface). The tower is of the "Watch Office for All Commands" (12779/41) type, with an extra floor and reduced size front windows. There were eight hangars, One T2 hangar (), three Blisters ( in height), four Dorman Long Blisters ( in height).
There seems to have been a flooding problem at the airfield due poor drainage; it was often waterlogged and muddy and continued flooding led to the eventual abandonment of the airfield in 1944, when all training moved to RAF Tealing. The airfield also proved to be unsuitable for the North American Mustang.
In late 1944 the airfield was used by units from the Polish Army for training purposes.
After the war ended the airfield was designated as Camp 233, and the accommodation was used to house German prisoners of war, who worked the land in the area.
The airfield was then home to a maintenance unit, No. 260 Maintenance Unit, and used as Equipment Disposal sub site from November 1945 until 1948. A satellite of No. 44 Maintenance Unit RAF also used the site from August 1945
The Perth and District Motor Club held motorcycles races at Gask (also at Errol Aerodrome and Balado).
There are no signs of the airfield runways today and the area is mainly used for agriculture, although one area of the airfield near the tower does appear to have had housing built on it.
The control tower, previously in a derelict state, is now being restored as a private home.
Operational units and aircraft
It was also used as a "Relief Landing Ground" from 12 July 1943 to 2 November 1944 for No. 9 (Pilots) Advanced Flying Unit based at RAF Errol.
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
RAF Findo Gask Control Towers Website
The History of No. 309 Polish Squadron Polish Squadrons Remembered
photographs of RAF Findo Gask
RCAHMS Photographs & Archaeological Data
Royal Air Force stations in Scotland
Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom
Airports established in 1941
Buildings and structures in Perth and Kinross
Royal Air Force satellite landing grounds |
"J'aime la vie" (; "I Love Life") was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, performed for by Sandra Kim. Belgium had finished the 1985 contest in last place, and thus achieved the rare turnaround from last to first in the space of one year. The song also marks the only time to date that Belgium has won the contest. The song was also included on Kim's album J'aime la vie in 1986. When released as a single, it topped Belgium's singles chart for seven weeks and was the country's best-selling hit of 1986, and it also reached the top 20 in Austria, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Sweden.
Lyrics
Performed in French, the song is a positive one, dealing with the pleasure to be had in life.
Music video
During Preview Week, Kim sang the song with the common theme of "things she likes" intact throughout. In the video, she does many things which she finds enjoyable, which include partaking in physical education class, hanging out with friends, listening to her Walkman, buying a big ice cream cone, and performing a choreographed dance in an exercise studio.
The video was reconstructed scene by scene some 25 years later as a commercial for the insurancy company Delta Lloyd. The new and old videos were then shown side by side.
Performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1986
At Bergen, the song was performed thirteenth on the night, following 's Luv Bug with "You Can Count on Me" and preceding 's Ingrid Peters with "Über Die Brücke Geh'n". Its winning tally was 176 points, finishing first in a field of 20. The entry received points from every jury.
In the lyrics, Kim describes herself as being "fifteen", although she was later proven to be only thirteen at the time of her performance. She thus remains the youngest ever Eurovision winner and one of the youngest-ever performers at the contest. Her record is unlikely to be challenged, as the Contest rules were changed to specify that performers must turn at least 16 in the year that they perform. According to author and historian John Kennedy O'Connor in his book The Eurovision Song Contest – The Official History, the (who had placed 2nd) petitioned to have the Belgian win nullified after Kim's age was revealed.
Kim, herself of Italian descent, also recorded her winning entry in Italian (with the same title as the original French, "J'aime la vie") and English (two versions, the first "Crazy of Life", the second with the same title as the original French, "J'aime la vie").
In a 2006 online interview with 12points.be, Kim was asked if she sings "J'aime la vie" "with pleasure" at concerts and events now, to which she responded, "Not always." She then said, "It's a little girl's song, with little girl's lyrics, with a young adolescent's atmosphere. Nowadays, singing 'J'aime la vie'... do you like life every day? Me neither." She does however continue to perform the song, and in 2007 one of the performances was televised live on Norwegian TV.
"J'aime la vie" was succeeded as Belgian representative at the 1987 contest, held in Brussels, by Liliane Saint-Pierre performing "Soldiers of Love".
Track listing
7-inch single
"J'aime la vie" – 3:00
"Ne m'oublie pas" – 4:39
Personnel
"J'aime la vie"
Written by R. Marino-Atria/J.F. Furnemont-A. Crisci
Arranged by J.P. Lebens
Produced by Marino
"On n'oublie pas"
Written by R. Marino-Atria/J.F. Furnemont-A. Crisci-A. Bertrand
Engineered L. Tylgat
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Popular culture
"J'aime la vie" was covered by Pommelien Thijs as the character in Caroline Timmers in the Flemish TV series #LikeMe.
References
External links
Official Eurovision Song Contest site, history by year, 1986.
Detailed info and lyrics, The Diggiloo Thrush, "J'aime la vie".
1986 singles
1986 songs
Carrere Records singles
Eurovision Song Contest winning songs
Eurovision songs of 1986
Eurovision songs of Belgium
Sandra Kim songs |
Tmesisternus avarus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867.
References
avarus
Beetles described in 1867 |
William Bromley (26 June 1656 – 5 August 1707) was an English Whig politician, MP for Worcester and Worcestershire.
Bromley was the son of Henry Bromley and his wife Mercy Pytts, daughter of Edward Pytts .
He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1673, aged 17, and entered the Middle Temple in 1674.
Bromley served as MP for Worcester 1685–1700, and became a consistent supporter of the Whig Junto of Sir John Somers, for a time his fellow MP for Worcester.
Bromley was elected knight of the shire for Worcestershire in November 1701. He was defeated in 1702 – he declared himself "in a melancholy way since the election", and blamed the defeat on poor Whig party management. He was re-elected in 1705, serving until his death on 5 August 1707.
Family
On 25 April 1675 he married Margaret Berkeley, daughter of Sir Rowland Berkeley . They had three daughters, of which two outlived Bromley as his co-heirs:
Mercy Bromley, married John Bromley
Dorothy Bromley, married firstly Clobery Bromley , secondly John Jennings of Hayes
References
1656 births
1707 deaths
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Members of the Middle Temple
Whig members of the pre-1707 English Parliament
English MPs 1685–1687
English MPs 1689–1690
English MPs 1690–1695
English MPs 1695–1698
English MPs 1698–1700
English MPs 1701–1702
English MPs 1705–1707
Members of the Parliament of England for Worcestershire |
The 2002 season of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano was the 45th season of top-tier football in Bolivia.
Torneo Apertura
Torneo Clausura
Aggregate table
Play-offs
Second Place
Promotion/Relegation
Title
Topscorers
Notes
See also
Bolivia national football team 2002
References
RSSSF Page
Bolivian Primera División seasons
Bolivia
1 |
Trigonostemon cherrieri is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.
References
Crotonoideae
Endemic flora of New Caledonia
Critically endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Ole Thyssen (born November 3, 1944) is a Danish philosopher and sociologist, and Professor at the Copenhagen Business School.
Biography
Thyssen is a MA from the University of Copenhagen from 1971, and he became a Doctor of Philosophy from that same university in 1976.
He started out as a marxist philosopher, writing about psychoanalysis, Karl Marx and Wilhelm Reich. Beginning in the mid-1980s, however, his focus has gradually shifted towards the sociological systems theory of Niklas Luhmann, and much less political themes.
In the mid-1990s he was appointed Professor at the Copenhagen Business School, where he was also one of the initiators of the combination MA degree in Business Administration and Philosophy in 1995.
Recent works by Thyssen have focused on management philosophy and values-based management (not to be confused with value-based management), as well as on a number of sociological themes. Most are based on Luhmann's systems theory.
Publications
Books:
Thyssen, Ole. Værdiledelse. Gyldendal A/S, 2007.
Articles, a selection:
Pruzan, Peter, and Ole Thyssen. "Conflict and consensus: Ethics as a shared value horizon for strategic planning." Human Systems Management 9.3 (1990): 135–151.
Thyssen, Ole. "Luhmann and epistemology." Cybernetics & human knowing 11.1 (2004): 7-22.
Christensen, Lars Thøger, Mette Morsing, and Ole Thyssen. "The polyphony of corporate social responsibility: deconstructing transparency and accountability and opening for identity and hypocrisy." (2011): 457–474.
References
External links
Ole Thyssen, Copenhagen Business School
1944 births
Living people
Danish business theorists
Danish philosophers
Danish sociologists
Academic staff of Copenhagen Business School |
MIX Copenhagen LesbianGayBiTransQueer+ Film Festival is one of the oldest LGBTQ+ film festivals in the world, as well as being the oldest and one of the largest film festivals in Denmark.
History
The festival has first taken place in 1986 under the name CGLFF—Copenhagen Gay & Lesbian Film Festival, making it one of the world's oldest film festivals to deal with LGBT issues. The festival adopted the MIX Copenhagen name in 2010. In 2016 it started referring to itself as an LGBTQ festival in order to be more inclusive and "give more space to stories about intersex, queer, and non-binary identities".
It has other small LGBTQ+ film festivals associated to it as MIX Århus, MIX Odense and MIX Aalborg.
Selection and attendance
The festival takes place every year during the last week of October. It screens a selection of approximately 60 features, 25 documentaries and 30 short films. The festival is attended by more than 12.000 people each year.
Awards
The most important award handed out at the MIX Copenhagen is the Lili Award, which is named after Lili Elbe, the first person to undergo sex reassignment surgery in the world. It is given to the best feature, best documentary and best short film chosen by an international jury, and also to the audience's voted choice as favourite film. It consists of a statuette designed by artists Yassin Askar and Sarah Borup.
See also
List of LGBT film festivals
External links
MIX Copenhagen Facebook
MIX Copenhagen Instagram
References
LGBT events in Denmark
LGBT film festivals
Recurring events established in 1985
1985 establishments in Denmark
Autumn events in Denmark
Film festivals in Denmark
LGBT festivals in Europe
Festivals in Copenhagen |
```javascript
// @flow
import type { Styles } from '../types/style'
/**
* CSS to fully cover an area. Can optionally be passed an offset to act as a "padding".
*
* @example
* // Styles as object usage
* const styles = {
* ...cover()
* }
*
* // styled-components usage
* const div = styled.div`
* ${cover()}
* `
*
* // CSS as JS Output
*
* div: {
* 'position': 'absolute',
* 'top': '0',
* 'right: '0',
* 'bottom': '0',
* 'left: '0'
* }
*/
export default function cover(offset?: number | string = 0): Styles {
return {
position: 'absolute',
top: offset,
right: offset,
bottom: offset,
left: offset,
}
}
``` |
Bharat FC (also known as Kalyani Bharat FC) was an Indian professional football club based in Pune, Maharashtra. Founded in 2014, the club usually competed in I-League, then top tier of Indian football league system. The team was founded on 26 August 2014 by Kalyani Group as a direct-entry team into the I-League, making them the second direct-entry side in league history after Bengaluru FC.
The name of the team, as well as their home stadium, the Balewadi Sports Complex, were officially announced on 23 November 2014. But after a disappointing season in I-League the club withdrew and was eventually dissolved.
History
In 2013, in a bid to increase the popularity of the I-League – India's top football league – the All India Football Federation approved the addition of teams into the league via bidding for a direct-entry slot. The first two teams to be allowed into the I-League via direct-entry were Bengaluru FC and Mumbai Tigers but only Bengaluru FC played in the 2013–14 season. Despite the failure of Mumbai Tigers, Bengaluru FC proved to be an amazing success for the I-League as the Bangalore club managed to bring in full-houses to all their matches as well as even win the league in their very first season. This thus made the AIFF announce that they would be accepting bids for new direct-entry teams for the 2014–15 season. On 26 August 2014, after the AIFF reviewed the bidders, they announced that Kalyani Group had won the right to start a direct-entry club for the 2014–15 season.
After winning the bid for the team, in November 2014, Kalyani Group signed their first ever head coach for the football team in former Wolverhampton Wanderers player Stuart Watkiss. They also appointed Stanley Rozario as assistant coach. Kalyani Group then signed their first ever player on 10 November 2014 when New Zealand international Kris Bright signed for the club, who also represented New Zealand at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. After making their first signings, the Kalyani Group officially announced the name of the club on 23 November 2014 as Bharat FC.
The club started the season with two friendlies against Bombay Engineer Group, which they won 3–0, and the second one 5–0, courtesy two goals from Steven Dias and a goal each from Subhash Singh, Surojit Bose and Jayashelan Prasad. In the last friendly before the season, Bharat FC played against Air India and managed a 2–2 draw with a goal each from Kris Bright and Gunashekar Vignesh.
2014–15 I-League
The 2014–15 I-League was their first and only top flight season, they ever competed. For their maiden season, The Lions signed experienced foreigners like Englishman Bobby Hassell, New Zealander Kris Bright. They rope in Beninese Romuald Boco as Marquee player, who earned 50 caps for his country. Palestinian Omar Jarun was also signed in March 2015 for an 18-month deal completing the club's Asian player quota.
In their first ever league match, the debutants held Dempo SC to a goalless draw. Later they defeated giants Mohun Bagan AC by 1–0. On 27 January 2015, Bright scored the first goal for his club, netting a 14th-minute goal against Royal Wahingdoh but they lost the game by 1–2. Kris Bright emerged as the top goalscorer for Bharat with 6 goals in the league.
Bharat FC has competed in 20 matches in the league season and managed to win only 3 matches alongside 10 draws and 7 defeats. Thus the club finished at the bottom of the league table with 18 points, behind Dempo. But they were not relegated as they had relegation immunity for two years.
Colours and kits
During the club's first ever kit launch event on 2 January 2015, it was announced that the club's colours would be based on the team's motto, "Together, Forever and Triumphant", which are blue, red, and white. The home kit was coloured in dark blue which stands for the "Peoples Football" while the away kit is predominantly red. The club's third kit was coloured completely white with the colours blue and red running horizontally across the shirt. The red denotes "passion and vitality" while blue stands for "truth and loyalty".
Ownership
Bharat FC was formed through an initiative by Kalyani Group, a privately held industrial group, headquartered in Pune, Maharashtra, India, that is focused in four primary sectors, viz. Engineering Steel, Automotive & Non-Automotive Components, Renewable Energy & Infrastructure and Specialty Chemicals. Amit Kalyani was the club's first and only managing director.
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
Stadium
When Bharat FC's name was announced, the Balewadi Sports Complex was also announced as the first ever stadium to be used by the club. The stadium has a capacity of 12,000. The team has stated their intention to eventually construct their own football stadium with Manjri being the initial looked at location for the stadium.
Disfunction
The team was officially launched in November 2014, but despite investing heavily, Bharat FC just managed to gain only 18 points from 20 games in the 2014–15 I-League season, finishing at the bottom. The return on investment being abysmal, the club didn't see I-League as an economically viable investment anymore. With minimal activity ahead of their second season and several staff, including CEO Suvrat Thatte, resigning, the Pune-based club only played one season in the I-League.
Team records
Overall records
Head Coach's Record
Technical staffs
Notable players
For all former notable Bharat FC players with a Wikipedia article, see: Bharat FC players.
World Cup player
Kris Bright (2015)
See also
List of football clubs in Maharashtra
Defunct football clubs in India
Sports in Maharashtra
References
Further reading
Bibliography
Others
External links
Bharat FC at Soccerway
Bharat FC at BeSoccer
Bharat FC at Fotmob (archived)
Bharat FC at WorldFootball.net
Official club website (archived)
Bharat FC at Global Sports Archive
Association football clubs established in 2014
Football clubs in Pune
I-League clubs
2014 establishments in Maharashtra
Defunct football clubs in India
Association football clubs disestablished in 2015
2015 disestablishments in India |
Cesare Milani (4 January 1905 – 21 June 1956) was an Italian rowing coxswain who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics, in the 1932 Summer Olympics, and in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
In 1928 he coxed the Italian boat which was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the coxed pair event. Four years later he won the silver medal as coxswain of the Italian boat in the men's eight competition. In 1936 he won his second silver medal as the coxswain of the Italian boat in the men's eight event.
References
External links
profile
1905 births
1956 deaths
Italian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Italy
Coxswains (rowing)
Rowers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Olympic medalists in rowing
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
European Rowing Championships medalists
Sportspeople from Livorno |
Elena Carapetis is an Australian actress and writer, best known for her role as Jackie Kassis in Heartbreak High, as well as numerous other television series and theatre roles.
Early life
Elena Carapatis graduated from Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) with a degree in Performing Arts (Acting) in 1996.
Acting career
Stage
Carapetis has appeared onstage in numerous productions. Her first public performance was in Tonight We Improvise at Adelaide University's Little Theatre on 10 June 1987. This was followed by appearances in Dogg's Hamlet, Cahoot's Macbeth in 1988.
In 1990, she appeared in The Courtyard of Miracles at the Lion Theatre, Adelaide.
In 1993, Carapetis performed in As You Like It at the Little Theatre, Adelaide.
In 1997, she appeared in Features of Blown Youth at the Queens Theatre, Adelaide.
In 2002, she performed in Parthenon Air at the Sidetrack Theatre, Marrickville, Sydney.
In 2004, Carapetis appeared in a production of Translations and Hot Fudge with the State Theatre Company of South Australia.
In March 2005, Carapetis first performed in It's A Mother! at the Sidetrack Theatre, Marrickville, as part of the Greek Festival of Sydney. She would return to this show in 2006 as part of the Melbourne International Comedy Festival and in 2007 as part of Melbourne's Arts House program.
In 2006 Carapetis again performed in Translations, this time at the Malthouse Theatre, Melbourne and the Beckett Theatre, Southbank. In the same year, she appeared in 4:48 Psychosis at The Queens Theatre Stables, Adelaide.
In 2007 Carapetis played in Assassins, Triple Threat, and This Uncharted Hour.
In 2008, she appeared in Helly's Magic Cup at The Space, Adelaide.
In 2009, she appeared in The Things We Do For Love at the Dunstan Playhouse. She had a leading role in the film Offside.
In 2010, Carapetis performed in Ruby Bruise at the Waterside Theatre, Port Adelaide.
In 2011, appeared in transumer: deviate from the norm at the Waterside Hall, Port Adelaide.
In 2012, she played all "the other" roles in the play Truck Stop, including a doctor, counselor, mother and grungy teenage boy.
Films and TV
Carapetis has acted in several feature films, including Look Both Ways (2005) and Bad Blood (2017), and television series , including Heartbreak High (1998–1999), All Saints (2000–2009), and The Hunting (2019).
Voice
She has also worked extensively as a voice-over artist on advertising campaigns.
Writing
Stage plays
Carapetis wrote the stage play Helen Back in 2011. It has been performed in several places, including Sydney and Adelaide. The play made the shortlist for the drama award at the 2012 Adelaide Festival Awards.
Her play The Good Son had its world premiere at the Bakehouse Theatre in April 2015. Presented by The Other Ones, it was directed by Corey McMahon, and featured Eugenia Fragos, Renato Musolino, Adriana Bonaccurso and Demitrios Sirilas.
Carapetis' rewritten version of Antigone, described as a response to the original written by Sophocles, portrays a feminist theme. The play consists of a series of monologues and vignettes, which together rail against the silencing and devaluing of women in society. The play was produced by the State Theatre Company of South Australia, directed by Anthony Nicola, at the Odeon Theatre in Norwood in June 2022.
Television
In 2007, a script written by Carapetis was selected out of 1,700 submissions as an episode of the 25x5min series Marx and Venus on the SBS.
Filmography
Feature films
Bad Blood (2017) ... Rose
Dead Europe (2012) ... Sophie
Burning Man (2011) ... Jane
Offside (2009) .... Isabella
Look Both Ways (2005) .... Maria
Short films
The Pyjama Monologues (2012) ... Helen
Dusk (2008), which made the shortlist at the 2008 Tropfest Short Film Festival.
Frames (2004) .... Eva
TV
The Hunting (2019) .... Amanda
Poh's Kitchen.... Guest
Wicked Love: The Maria Korp Story (2010)
All Saints (2000–09) .... Patrice
Blue Heelers (2004) .... Cath Matarazzo
Marking Time (2003) .... Gemma
Snobs (2003) .... Vet
Water Rats (2001) .... June Sutcliffe
Heartbreak High (1998–99) .... Ms. Jacqueline 'Jackie' Kassis
Murder Call (1998) .... Despina Stasinopoulos
Children's Hospital (1998) .... Liz
Spellbinder: Land of the Dragon Lord (1997) .... Assistant
See also
Cinema of Australia
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Australian film actresses
Australian television actresses
Australian people of Greek Cypriot descent
National Institute of Dramatic Art alumni |
```java
package com.wzgiceman.rxretrofitlibrary.retrofit_rx.listener.upload;
import java.io.IOException;
import okhttp3.MediaType;
import okhttp3.RequestBody;
import okio.Buffer;
import okio.BufferedSink;
import okio.ForwardingSink;
import okio.Okio;
import okio.Sink;
/**
* RequestBody
* Created by WZG on 2016/10/20.
*/
public class ProgressRequestBody extends RequestBody {
//RequestBody
private RequestBody delegate;
//
private final UploadProgressListener progressListener;
private CountingSink countingSink;
public ProgressRequestBody(RequestBody requestBody, UploadProgressListener progressListener) {
this.delegate = requestBody;
this.progressListener = progressListener;
}
@Override
public MediaType contentType() {
return delegate.contentType();
}
@Override
public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
countingSink = new CountingSink(sink);
//CountingSinkBufferedSinkwriteTo()
BufferedSink bufferedSink = Okio.buffer(countingSink);
delegate.writeTo(bufferedSink);
bufferedSink.flush();
}
protected final class CountingSink extends ForwardingSink{
private long byteWritten;
public CountingSink(Sink delegate) {
super(delegate);
}
/**
* ,,
* @param source
* @param byteCount
* @throws IOException
*/
@Override
public void write(Buffer source, long byteCount) throws IOException {
super.write(source, byteCount);
byteWritten += byteCount;
progressListener.onProgress(byteWritten, contentLength());
}
}
/**
*
* -1
* @return
*/
@Override
public long contentLength(){
try {
return delegate.contentLength();
} catch (IOException e) {
return -1;
}
}
}
``` |
Metiochodes is an Asian genus of "sword-tail crickets", in the subfamily Trigonidiinae and the tribe Trigonidiini.
Species
Metiochodes species are recorded from: Angola, Sri Lanka, the Andaman islands, southern China, Vietnam, Malesia and Australia (distribution is probably incomplete). The Orthoptera Species File lists:
Metiochodes acutiparamerus Li, He & Liu, 2010
Metiochodes annulicercis Chopard, 1962
Metiochodes australicus Chopard, 1951
Metiochodes denticulatus Liu & Shi, 2011
Metiochodes flavescens Chopard, 1932 - type species
Metiochodes fulvus Chopard, 1940
Metiochodes gracilus Ma & Pan, 2019
Metiochodes greeni Chopard, 1925
Metiochodes karnyi Chopard, 1930
Metiochodes minor Li, He & Liu, 2010
Metiochodes ornatus Chopard, 1969
Metiochodes platycephalus Chopard, 1940
Metiochodes sikkimensis Bhowmik, 1968
Metiochodes striatus Bhowmik, 1970
Metiochodes thankolomara Otte & Alexander, 1983
Metiochodes tibeticus Li, He & Liu, 2010
Metiochodes tindalei Chopard, 1951
Metiochodes trilineatus Chopard, 1936
Metiochodes truncatus Li, He & Liu, 2010
References
External links
Ensifera genera
Trigonidiidae
Orthoptera of Asia |
```markdown
TSG010 - Get configuration contexts
===================================
Description
-----------
Get the kubernetes contexts
Steps
-----
### Common functions
Define helper functions used in this notebook.```
```python
# Define `run` function for transient fault handling, suggestions on error, and scrolling updates on Windows
import sys
import os
import re
import json
import platform
import shlex
import shutil
import datetime
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from IPython.display import Markdown
retry_hints = {} # Output in stderr known to be transient, therefore automatically retry
error_hints = {} # Output in stderr where a known SOP/TSG exists which will be HINTed for further help
install_hint = {} # The SOP to help install the executable if it cannot be found
first_run = True
rules = None
debug_logging = False
def run(cmd, return_output=False, no_output=False, retry_count=0, base64_decode=False, return_as_json=False):
"""Run shell command, stream stdout, print stderr and optionally return output
NOTES:
1. Commands that need this kind of ' quoting on Windows e.g.:
kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath={.items[?(@.metadata.annotations.pv-candidate=='data-pool')].metadata.name}
Need to actually pass in as '"':
kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath={.items[?(@.metadata.annotations.pv-candidate=='"'data-pool'"')].metadata.name}
The ' quote approach, although correct when pasting into Windows cmd, will hang at the line:
`iter(p.stdout.readline, b'')`
The shlex.split call does the right thing for each platform, just use the '"' pattern for a '
"""
MAX_RETRIES = 5
output = ""
retry = False
global first_run
global rules
if first_run:
first_run = False
rules = load_rules()
# When running `azdata sql query` on Windows, replace any
in """ strings, with " ", otherwise we see:
#
# ('HY090', '[HY090] [Microsoft][ODBC Driver Manager] Invalid string or buffer length (0) (SQLExecDirectW)')
#
if platform.system() == "Windows" and cmd.startswith("azdata sql query"):
cmd = cmd.replace("
", " ")
# shlex.split is required on bash and for Windows paths with spaces
#
cmd_actual = shlex.split(cmd)
# Store this (i.e. kubectl, python etc.) to support binary context aware error_hints and retries
#
user_provided_exe_name = cmd_actual[0].lower()
# When running python, use the python in the ADS sandbox ({sys.executable})
#
if cmd.startswith("python "):
cmd_actual[0] = cmd_actual[0].replace("python", sys.executable)
# On Mac, when ADS is not launched from terminal, LC_ALL may not be set, which causes pip installs to fail
# with:
#
# UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc5 in position 4969: ordinal not in range(128)
#
# Setting it to a default value of "en_US.UTF-8" enables pip install to complete
#
if platform.system() == "Darwin" and "LC_ALL" not in os.environ:
os.environ["LC_ALL"] = "en_US.UTF-8"
# When running `kubectl`, if AZDATA_OPENSHIFT is set, use `oc`
#
if cmd.startswith("kubectl ") and "AZDATA_OPENSHIFT" in os.environ:
cmd_actual[0] = cmd_actual[0].replace("kubectl", "oc")
# To aid supportability, determine which binary file will actually be executed on the machine
#
which_binary = None
# Special case for CURL on Windows. The version of CURL in Windows System32 does not work to
# get JWT tokens, it returns "(56) Failure when receiving data from the peer". If another instance
# of CURL exists on the machine use that one. (Unfortunately the curl.exe in System32 is almost
# always the first curl.exe in the path, and it can't be uninstalled from System32, so here we
# look for the 2nd installation of CURL in the path)
if platform.system() == "Windows" and cmd.startswith("curl "):
path = os.getenv('PATH')
for p in path.split(os.path.pathsep):
p = os.path.join(p, "curl.exe")
if os.path.exists(p) and os.access(p, os.X_OK):
if p.lower().find("system32") == -1:
cmd_actual[0] = p
which_binary = p
break
# Find the path based location (shutil.which) of the executable that will be run (and display it to aid supportability), this
# seems to be required for .msi installs of azdata.cmd/az.cmd. (otherwise Popen returns FileNotFound)
#
# NOTE: Bash needs cmd to be the list of the space separated values hence shlex.split.
#
if which_binary == None:
which_binary = shutil.which(cmd_actual[0])
# Display an install HINT, so the user can click on a SOP to install the missing binary
#
if which_binary == None:
print(f"The path used to search for '{cmd_actual[0]}' was:")
print(sys.path)
if user_provided_exe_name in install_hint and install_hint[user_provided_exe_name] is not None:
display(Markdown(f'HINT: Use [{install_hint[user_provided_exe_name][0]}]({install_hint[user_provided_exe_name][1]}) to resolve this issue.'))
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Executable '{cmd_actual[0]}' not found in path (where/which)")
else:
cmd_actual[0] = which_binary
start_time = datetime.datetime.now().replace(microsecond=0)
print(f"START: {cmd} @ {start_time} ({datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(microsecond=0)} UTC)")
print(f" using: {which_binary} ({platform.system()} {platform.release()} on {platform.machine()})")
print(f" cwd: {os.getcwd()}")
# Command-line tools such as CURL and AZDATA HDFS commands output
# scrolling progress bars, which causes Jupyter to hang forever, to
# workaround this, use no_output=True
#
# Work around a infinite hang when a notebook generates a non-zero return code, break out, and do not wait
#
wait = True
try:
if no_output:
p = Popen(cmd_actual)
else:
p = Popen(cmd_actual, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, bufsize=1)
with p.stdout:
for line in iter(p.stdout.readline, b''):
line = line.decode()
if return_output:
output = output + line
else:
if cmd.startswith("azdata notebook run"): # Hyperlink the .ipynb file
regex = re.compile(' "(.*)"\: "(.*)"')
match = regex.match(line)
if match:
if match.group(1).find("HTML") != -1:
display(Markdown(f' - "{match.group(1)}": "{match.group(2)}"'))
else:
display(Markdown(f' - "{match.group(1)}": "[{match.group(2)}]({match.group(2)})"'))
wait = False
break # otherwise infinite hang, have not worked out why yet.
else:
print(line, end='')
if rules is not None:
apply_expert_rules(line)
if wait:
p.wait()
except FileNotFoundError as e:
if install_hint is not None:
display(Markdown(f'HINT: Use {install_hint} to resolve this issue.'))
raise FileNotFoundError(f"Executable '{cmd_actual[0]}' not found in path (where/which)") from e
exit_code_workaround = 0 # WORKAROUND: azdata hangs on exception from notebook on p.wait()
if not no_output:
for line in iter(p.stderr.readline, b''):
try:
line_decoded = line.decode()
except UnicodeDecodeError:
# NOTE: Sometimes we get characters back that cannot be decoded(), e.g.
#
# \xa0
#
# For example see this in the response from `az group create`:
#
# ERROR: Get Token request returned http error: 400 and server
# response: {"error":"invalid_grant",# "error_description":"AADSTS700082:
# The refresh token has expired due to inactivity.\xa0The token was
# issued on 2018-10-25T23:35:11.9832872Z
#
# which generates the exception:
#
# UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xa0 in position 179: invalid start byte
#
print("WARNING: Unable to decode stderr line, printing raw bytes:")
print(line)
line_decoded = ""
pass
else:
# azdata emits a single empty line to stderr when doing an hdfs cp, don't
# print this empty "ERR:" as it confuses.
#
if line_decoded == "":
continue
print(f"STDERR: {line_decoded}", end='')
if line_decoded.startswith("An exception has occurred") or line_decoded.startswith("ERROR: An error occurred while executing the following cell"):
exit_code_workaround = 1
# inject HINTs to next TSG/SOP based on output in stderr
#
if user_provided_exe_name in error_hints:
for error_hint in error_hints[user_provided_exe_name]:
if line_decoded.find(error_hint[0]) != -1:
display(Markdown(f'HINT: Use [{error_hint[1]}]({error_hint[2]}) to resolve this issue.'))
# apply expert rules (to run follow-on notebooks), based on output
#
if rules is not None:
apply_expert_rules(line_decoded)
# Verify if a transient error, if so automatically retry (recursive)
#
if user_provided_exe_name in retry_hints:
for retry_hint in retry_hints[user_provided_exe_name]:
if line_decoded.find(retry_hint) != -1:
if retry_count < MAX_RETRIES:
print(f"RETRY: {retry_count} (due to: {retry_hint})")
retry_count = retry_count + 1
output = run(cmd, return_output=return_output, retry_count=retry_count)
if return_output:
if base64_decode:
import base64
return base64.b64decode(output).decode('utf-8')
else:
return output
elapsed = datetime.datetime.now().replace(microsecond=0) - start_time
# WORKAROUND: We avoid infinite hang above in the `azdata notebook run` failure case, by inferring success (from stdout output), so
# don't wait here, if success known above
#
if wait:
if p.returncode != 0:
raise SystemExit(f'Shell command:
\t{cmd} ({elapsed}s elapsed)
returned non-zero exit code: {str(p.returncode)}.
')
else:
if exit_code_workaround !=0 :
raise SystemExit(f'Shell command:
\t{cmd} ({elapsed}s elapsed)
returned non-zero exit code: {str(exit_code_workaround)}.
')
print(f'
SUCCESS: {elapsed}s elapsed.
')
if return_output:
if base64_decode:
import base64
return base64.b64decode(output).decode('utf-8')
else:
return output
def load_json(filename):
"""Load a json file from disk and return the contents"""
with open(filename, encoding="utf8") as json_file:
return json.load(json_file)
def load_rules():
"""Load any 'expert rules' from the metadata of this notebook (.ipynb) that should be applied to the stderr of the running executable"""
# Load this notebook as json to get access to the expert rules in the notebook metadata.
#
try:
j = load_json("tsg010-get-kubernetes-contexts.ipynb")
except:
pass # If the user has renamed the book, we can't load ourself. NOTE: Is there a way in Jupyter, to know your own filename?
else:
if "metadata" in j and \
"azdata" in j["metadata"] and \
"expert" in j["metadata"]["azdata"] and \
"expanded_rules" in j["metadata"]["azdata"]["expert"]:
rules = j["metadata"]["azdata"]["expert"]["expanded_rules"]
rules.sort() # Sort rules, so they run in priority order (the [0] element). Lowest value first.
# print (f"EXPERT: There are {len(rules)} rules to evaluate.")
return rules
def apply_expert_rules(line):
"""Determine if the stderr line passed in, matches the regular expressions for any of the 'expert rules', if so
inject a 'HINT' to the follow-on SOP/TSG to run"""
global rules
for rule in rules:
notebook = rule[1]
cell_type = rule[2]
output_type = rule[3] # i.e. stream or error
output_type_name = rule[4] # i.e. ename or name
output_type_value = rule[5] # i.e. SystemExit or stdout
details_name = rule[6] # i.e. evalue or text
expression = rule[7].replace("\\*", "*") # Something escaped *, and put a \ in front of it!
if debug_logging:
print(f"EXPERT: If rule '{expression}' satisfied', run '{notebook}'.")
if re.match(expression, line, re.DOTALL):
if debug_logging:
print("EXPERT: MATCH: name = value: '{0}' = '{1}' matched expression '{2}', therefore HINT '{4}'".format(output_type_name, output_type_value, expression, notebook))
match_found = True
display(Markdown(f'HINT: Use [{notebook}]({notebook}) to resolve this issue.'))
print('Common functions defined successfully.')
# Hints for binary (transient fault) retry, (known) error and install guide
#
retry_hints = {'kubectl': ['A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond']}
error_hints = {'kubectl': [['no such host', 'TSG010 - Get configuration contexts', '../monitor-k8s/tsg010-get-kubernetes-contexts.ipynb'], ['No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it', 'TSG056 - Kubectl fails with No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it', '../repair/tsg056-kubectl-no-connection-could-be-made.ipynb']]}
install_hint = {'kubectl': ['SOP036 - Install kubectl command line interface', '../install/sop036-install-kubectl.ipynb']}
```
```markdown
### Show the Kubernetes config contexts```
```python
run('kubectl config get-contexts')
```
```python
print('Notebook execution complete.')
```
```markdown
Related
-------
- [SOP011 - Set kubernetes configuration
context](../common/sop011-set-kubernetes-context.ipynb)``` |
Eois veniliata is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in Brazil and Mexico.
References
Moths described in 1861
Eois
Moths of South America
Moths of Central America |
In enzymology, a monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
acetyl-CoA + a monoterpenol CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and monoterpenol, whereas its two products are CoA and monoterpenol acetate ester.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called menthol transacetylase.
References
EC 2.3.1
Enzymes of unknown structure |
Amblynotus is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae.
Its native range is Southern Siberia to Northern China.
Species:
Amblynotus rupestris
References
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae genera |
```java
/*
* code is released under a tri EPL/GPL/LGPL license. You can use it,
* redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the:
*
*/
package org.truffleruby.core.exception;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.InteropLibrary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.library.CachedLibrary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.object.Shape;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.profiles.InlinedConditionProfile;
import org.truffleruby.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
import org.truffleruby.annotations.CoreMethod;
import org.truffleruby.builtins.CoreMethodArrayArgumentsNode;
import org.truffleruby.annotations.CoreModule;
import org.truffleruby.annotations.Primitive;
import org.truffleruby.builtins.PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode;
import org.truffleruby.builtins.PrimitiveNode;
import org.truffleruby.core.array.RubyArray;
import org.truffleruby.core.klass.RubyClass;
import org.truffleruby.core.proc.RubyProc;
import org.truffleruby.language.Nil;
import org.truffleruby.language.NotProvided;
import org.truffleruby.annotations.Visibility;
import org.truffleruby.language.backtrace.Backtrace;
import org.truffleruby.language.backtrace.BacktraceFormatter;
import org.truffleruby.language.control.RaiseException;
import org.truffleruby.language.methods.LookupMethodOnSelfNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Cached;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Specialization;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.VirtualFrame;
import org.truffleruby.language.objects.AllocationTracing;
@CoreModule(value = "Exception", isClass = true)
public abstract class ExceptionNodes {
@CoreMethod(names = { "__allocate__", "__layout_allocate__" }, constructor = true, visibility = Visibility.PRIVATE)
public abstract static class AllocateNode extends CoreMethodArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
RubyException allocateException(RubyClass rubyClass) {
final Shape shape = getLanguage().exceptionShape;
final RubyException instance = new RubyException(rubyClass, shape, nil, null, nil);
AllocationTracing.trace(instance, this);
return instance;
}
}
@CoreMethod(names = "initialize", optional = 1)
public abstract static class InitializeNode extends CoreMethodArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
RubyException initialize(RubyException exception, NotProvided message) {
exception.message = nil;
return exception;
}
@Specialization(guards = "wasProvided(message)")
RubyException initialize(RubyException exception, Object message) {
exception.message = message;
return exception;
}
}
@CoreMethod(names = "initialize_copy", required = 1)
public abstract static class InitializeCopyNode extends CoreMethodArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization(guards = "self == from")
RubyException initializeCopySelfIsSameAsFrom(RubyException self, RubyException from) {
return self;
}
@Specialization(
guards = { "self != from", "!isNameError(from)", "!isSystemCallError(from)" })
RubyException initializeCopy(RubyException self, RubyException from) {
initializeExceptionCopy(self, from);
return self;
}
@Specialization(guards = "self != from")
RubyException initializeSystemCallErrorCopy(RubySystemCallError self, RubySystemCallError from) {
initializeExceptionCopy(self, from);
self.errno = from.errno;
return self;
}
@Specialization(guards = "self != from")
RubyException initializeCopyNoMethodError(RubyNoMethodError self, RubyNoMethodError from) {
initializeExceptionCopy(self, from);
initializeNameErrorCopy(self, from);
self.args = from.args;
return self;
}
@Specialization(
guards = { "self != from", "!isNoMethodError(from)" })
RubyException initializeCopyNameError(RubyNameError self, RubyNameError from) {
initializeExceptionCopy(self, from);
initializeNameErrorCopy(self, from);
return self;
}
protected boolean isNameError(RubyException object) {
return object instanceof RubyNameError;
}
protected boolean isNoMethodError(RubyException object) {
return object instanceof RubyNoMethodError;
}
protected boolean isSystemCallError(RubyException object) {
return object instanceof RubySystemCallError;
}
private void initializeNameErrorCopy(RubyNameError self, RubyNameError from) {
self.name = from.name;
self.receiver = from.receiver;
}
private void initializeExceptionCopy(RubyException self, RubyException from) {
Backtrace backtrace = from.backtrace;
if (backtrace != null) {
self.backtrace = backtrace.copy(self);
} else {
self.backtrace = null;
}
self.formatter = from.formatter;
self.message = from.message;
self.cause = from.cause;
self.backtraceStringArray = from.backtraceStringArray;
self.backtraceLocations = from.backtraceLocations;
self.customBacktrace = from.customBacktrace;
}
}
@CoreMethod(names = "backtrace")
public abstract static class BacktraceNode extends CoreMethodArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object backtrace(RubyException exception,
@Cached InlinedConditionProfile hasCustomBacktraceProfile,
@Cached InlinedConditionProfile hasBacktraceProfile) {
final Object customBacktrace = exception.customBacktrace;
if (hasCustomBacktraceProfile.profile(this, customBacktrace != null)) {
return customBacktrace;
} else if (hasBacktraceProfile.profile(this, exception.backtrace != null)) {
RubyArray backtraceStringArray = exception.backtraceStringArray;
if (backtraceStringArray == null) {
backtraceStringArray = getContext().getUserBacktraceFormatter().formatBacktraceAsRubyStringArray(
exception,
exception.backtrace);
exception.backtraceStringArray = backtraceStringArray;
}
return backtraceStringArray;
} else {
return nil;
}
}
}
@CoreMethod(names = "backtrace_locations")
public abstract static class BacktraceLocationsNode extends CoreMethodArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object backtraceLocations(RubyException exception,
@Cached InlinedConditionProfile hasBacktraceProfile,
@Cached InlinedConditionProfile hasLocationsProfile) {
if (hasBacktraceProfile.profile(this, exception.backtrace != null)) {
Object backtraceLocations = exception.backtraceLocations;
if (hasLocationsProfile.profile(this, backtraceLocations == null)) {
Backtrace backtrace = exception.backtrace;
backtraceLocations = backtrace
.getBacktraceLocations(getContext(), getLanguage(), GetBacktraceException.UNLIMITED, null);
exception.backtraceLocations = backtraceLocations;
}
return backtraceLocations;
} else {
return nil;
}
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_backtrace?")
public abstract static class BacktraceQueryPrimitiveNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
protected static final String METHOD = "backtrace";
/* We can cheaply determine if an Exception has a backtrace via object inspection. However, if
* `Exception#backtrace` is redefined, then `Exception#backtrace?` needs to follow along to be consistent. So,
* we check if the method has been redefined here and if so, fall back to the Ruby code for the method by
* returning `FAILURE` in the fallback specialization. */
@Specialization(
guards = {
"lookupNode.lookupProtected(frame, exception, METHOD) == getContext().getCoreMethods().EXCEPTION_BACKTRACE", },
limit = "1")
boolean backtraceQuery(VirtualFrame frame, RubyException exception,
@Cached LookupMethodOnSelfNode lookupNode) {
return !(exception.customBacktrace == null && exception.backtrace == null);
}
@Specialization
Object fallback(RubyException exception) {
return FAILURE;
}
@Specialization(guards = "!isRubyException(exception)", limit = "getInteropCacheLimit()")
boolean foreignException(Object exception,
@CachedLibrary("exception") InteropLibrary interopLibrary) {
return interopLibrary.hasExceptionStackTrace(exception);
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_capture_backtrace", lowerFixnum = 1)
public abstract static class CaptureBacktraceNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object captureBacktrace(RubyException exception, int offset) {
exception.backtrace = getContext().getCallStack().getBacktrace(this, offset);
return nil;
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_message")
public abstract static class MessagePrimitiveNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object message(RubyException exception) {
final Object message = exception.message;
if (message == null) {
return nil;
} else {
return message;
}
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_set_message")
public abstract static class MessageSetNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object setMessage(RubyException exception, Object message) {
exception.message = message;
return nil;
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_set_custom_backtrace")
public abstract static class SetCustomBacktrace extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object set(RubyException exception, Object customBacktrace) {
exception.customBacktrace = customBacktrace;
return customBacktrace;
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_formatter")
public abstract static class FormatterPrimitiveNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object formatter(RubyException exception) {
final RubyProc formatter = exception.formatter;
if (formatter == null) {
return nil;
} else {
return formatter;
}
}
}
@CoreMethod(names = "cause")
public abstract static class CauseNode extends CoreMethodArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object cause(RubyException exception) {
return exception.cause;
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_set_cause")
public abstract static class ExceptionSetCauseNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
RubyException setCause(RubyException exception, Object cause) {
exception.cause = cause;
return exception;
}
@Specialization(guards = "!isRubyException(exception)")
Object foreignExceptionNoCause(Object exception, Nil cause) {
return exception;
}
@Specialization(guards = { "!isRubyException(exception)", "!isNil(cause)" })
Object foreignExceptionWithCause(Object exception, Object cause) {
RubyException exc = coreExceptions().runtimeError("Cannot set the cause of a foreign exception", this);
exc.cause = cause;
throw new RaiseException(getContext(), exc);
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_errno_error", lowerFixnum = 2)
public abstract static class ExceptionErrnoErrorPrimitiveNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Child ErrnoErrorNode errnoErrorNode = ErrnoErrorNode.create();
@Specialization
RubySystemCallError exceptionErrnoError(RubyClass errorClass, Object message, int errno) {
return errnoErrorNode.execute(errorClass, errno, message, null);
}
}
@Primitive(name = "java_breakpoint")
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public abstract static class Breakpoint extends PrimitiveNode {
@SuppressFBWarnings("DLS")
@TruffleBoundary
@Specialization
boolean breakpoint() {
// have a Ruby backtrace at hand
String printableRubyBacktrace = BacktraceFormatter.printableRubyBacktrace(this);
return true; // place to put a Java breakpoint
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_backtrace_limit")
public abstract static class BacktraceLimitNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
int limit() {
return getContext().getOptions().BACKTRACE_LIMIT;
}
}
@Primitive(name = "exception_get_raise_exception")
public abstract static class GetRaiseExceptionNode extends PrimitiveArrayArgumentsNode {
@Specialization
Object getRaiseException(RubyException exception) {
RaiseException raiseException = exception.backtrace.getRaiseException();
if (raiseException != null) {
return raiseException;
} else {
return nil;
}
}
}
}
``` |
```shell
Detect your linux distribution
Find the `MAC` address of all network interfaces
Find out if the system's architecture is 32 or 64 bit
Preventing a user from logging into the system
Fixing `locale` issues in Debian systems
``` |
```java
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.rewrite;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Function;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.AbstractGatewayFilterFactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.BodyInserterContext;
import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBufferUtils;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.codec.HttpMessageReader;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequestDecorator;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserter;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.HandlerStrategies;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import static org.springframework.cloud.gateway.support.GatewayToStringStyler.filterToStringCreator;
/**
* GatewayFilter that modifies the request body.
*/
public class ModifyRequestBodyGatewayFilterFactory
extends AbstractGatewayFilterFactory<ModifyRequestBodyGatewayFilterFactory.Config> {
private final List<HttpMessageReader<?>> messageReaders;
public ModifyRequestBodyGatewayFilterFactory() {
super(Config.class);
this.messageReaders = HandlerStrategies.withDefaults().messageReaders();
}
public ModifyRequestBodyGatewayFilterFactory(List<HttpMessageReader<?>> messageReaders) {
super(Config.class);
this.messageReaders = messageReaders;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public GatewayFilter apply(Config config) {
return new GatewayFilter() {
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
ParameterizedTypeReference inClass = config.getInClass();
ServerRequest serverRequest = ServerRequest.create(exchange, messageReaders);
// TODO: flux or mono
Mono<?> modifiedBody = serverRequest.bodyToMono(inClass)
.flatMap(originalBody -> config.getRewriteFunction().apply(exchange, originalBody))
.switchIfEmpty(Mono.defer(() -> (Mono) config.getRewriteFunction().apply(exchange, null)));
BodyInserter bodyInserter = BodyInserters.fromPublisher(modifiedBody, config.getOutClass());
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.putAll(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders());
// the new content type will be computed by bodyInserter
// and then set in the request decorator
headers.remove(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH);
// if the body is changing content types, set it here, to the bodyInserter
// will know about it
if (config.getContentType() != null) {
headers.set(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, config.getContentType());
}
CachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage = new CachedBodyOutputMessage(exchange, headers);
return bodyInserter.insert(outputMessage, new BodyInserterContext())
// .log("modify_request", Level.INFO)
.then(Mono.defer(() -> {
ServerHttpRequest decorator = decorate(exchange, headers, outputMessage);
return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(decorator).build());
}))
.onErrorResume(
(Function<Throwable, Mono<Void>>) throwable -> release(exchange, outputMessage, throwable));
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return filterToStringCreator(ModifyRequestBodyGatewayFilterFactory.this)
.append("Content type", config.getContentType())
.append("In class", config.getInClass())
.append("Out class", config.getOutClass())
.toString();
}
};
}
protected Mono<Void> release(ServerWebExchange exchange, CachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage,
Throwable throwable) {
if (outputMessage.isCached()) {
return outputMessage.getBody().map(DataBufferUtils::release).then(Mono.error(throwable));
}
return Mono.error(throwable);
}
ServerHttpRequestDecorator decorate(ServerWebExchange exchange, HttpHeaders headers,
CachedBodyOutputMessage outputMessage) {
return new ServerHttpRequestDecorator(exchange.getRequest()) {
@Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
long contentLength = headers.getContentLength();
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.putAll(headers);
if (contentLength > 0) {
httpHeaders.setContentLength(contentLength);
}
else {
// TODO: this causes a 'HTTP/1.1 411 Length Required' // on
// httpbin.org
httpHeaders.set(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked");
}
return httpHeaders;
}
@Override
public Flux<DataBuffer> getBody() {
return outputMessage.getBody();
}
};
}
public static class Config {
private ParameterizedTypeReference inClass;
private ParameterizedTypeReference outClass;
private String contentType;
private RewriteFunction rewriteFunction;
public ParameterizedTypeReference getInClass() {
return inClass;
}
public Config setInClass(Class inClass) {
return setInClass(ParameterizedTypeReference.forType(inClass));
}
public Config setInClass(ParameterizedTypeReference inTypeReference) {
this.inClass = inTypeReference;
return this;
}
public ParameterizedTypeReference getOutClass() {
return outClass;
}
public Config setOutClass(Class outClass) {
return setOutClass(ParameterizedTypeReference.forType(outClass));
}
public Config setOutClass(ParameterizedTypeReference outClass) {
this.outClass = outClass;
return this;
}
public RewriteFunction getRewriteFunction() {
return rewriteFunction;
}
public Config setRewriteFunction(RewriteFunction rewriteFunction) {
this.rewriteFunction = rewriteFunction;
return this;
}
public <T, R> Config setRewriteFunction(Class<T> inClass, Class<R> outClass,
RewriteFunction<T, R> rewriteFunction) {
setInClass(inClass);
setOutClass(outClass);
setRewriteFunction(rewriteFunction);
return this;
}
public <T, R> Config setRewriteFunction(ParameterizedTypeReference<T> inClass,
ParameterizedTypeReference<R> outClass, RewriteFunction<T, R> rewriteFunction) {
setInClass(inClass);
setOutClass(outClass);
setRewriteFunction(rewriteFunction);
return this;
}
public String getContentType() {
return contentType;
}
public Config setContentType(String contentType) {
this.contentType = contentType;
return this;
}
}
}
``` |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package org.graalvm.visualvm.modules.mbeans;
import org.openide.util.NbBundle;
/**
* Provides resource support for the containing java package.
*/
final class Resources {
private Resources() {
throw new AssertionError();
}
/**
* Returns the text of the resource for the specified
* key formatted with the specified arguments.
*/
public static String getText(String key, Object... args) {
return NbBundle.getMessage(Resources.class, key, args);
}
/**
* Returns the mnemonic keycode int of the resource for
* the specified key.
*/
public static int getMnemonicInt(String key) {
String m = getText(key + ".mnemonic"); // NOI18N
int mnemonic = m.charAt(0);
if (mnemonic >= 'a' && mnemonic <= 'z') {
mnemonic -= ('a' - 'A');
}
return mnemonic;
}
}
``` |
```objective-c
function checkCostFunction(lambda)
%CHECKCOSTFUNCTION Creates a collaborative filering problem
%to check your cost function and gradients
% CHECKCOSTFUNCTION(lambda) Creates a collaborative filering problem
% to check your cost function and gradients, it will output the
% analytical gradients produced by your code and the numerical gradients
% (computed using computeNumericalGradient). These two gradient
% computations should result in very similar values.
% Set lambda
if ~exist('lambda', 'var') || isempty(lambda)
lambda = 0;
end
%% Create small problem
X_t = rand(4, 3);
Theta_t = rand(5, 3);
% Zap out most entries
Y = X_t * Theta_t';
Y(rand(size(Y)) > 0.5) = 0;
R = zeros(size(Y));
R(Y ~= 0) = 1;
%% Run Gradient Checking
X = randn(size(X_t));
Theta = randn(size(Theta_t));
num_users = size(Y, 2);
num_movies = size(Y, 1);
num_features = size(Theta_t, 2);
numgrad = computeNumericalGradient( ...
@(t) cofiCostFunc(t, Y, R, num_users, num_movies, ...
num_features, lambda), [X(:); Theta(:)]);
[cost, grad] = cofiCostFunc([X(:); Theta(:)], Y, R, num_users, ...
num_movies, num_features, lambda);
disp([numgrad grad]);
fprintf(['The above two columns you get should be very similar.\n' ...
'(Left-Your Numerical Gradient, Right-Analytical Gradient)\n\n']);
diff = norm(numgrad-grad)/norm(numgrad+grad);
fprintf(['If your backpropagation implementation is correct, then \n' ...
'the relative difference will be small (less than 1e-9). \n' ...
'\nRelative Difference: %g\n'], diff);
end
``` |
Drive-By Truckers are an American rock band based in Athens, Georgia. Two of five current members (Patterson Hood and Mike Cooley) are originally from The Shoals region of northern Alabama and met as roommates at the University of North Alabama. The group also has roots in Richmond, Virginia.
The band currently consists of Mike Cooley (lead vocals, guitar, banjo), Patterson Hood (lead vocals, guitar), Brad Morgan (drums), Jay Gonzalez (keys, guitar, accordion, backing vocals), and Matt Patton (bass guitar, backing vocals). The line-up has undergone multiple changes since the band's formation, with Cooley and Hood serving as the sole constants throughout. The band's constant touring has developed a dedicated following.
History
1996–1999: Early days
Drive-By Truckers was cofounded by Patterson Hood (son of bassist David Hood of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section) and longtime friend, former roommate, and musical partner Mike Cooley in Athens, Georgia, in 1996. The two had played in various other bands including Adam's House Cat, which was chosen as a top-10 Best Unsigned Band by a Musician contest in the late 1980s. Adam's House Cat recordings, entitled Town Burned Down were released in September 2018 via ATO Records. After the demise of Adam's House Cat, Cooley and Hood performed as a duo under the name Virgil Kane. They eventually started a new band, Horsepussy, with bassist-vocalist Adam Howell (later to join DBT) and Aaron Bryant (brother of DBT webmaster Jenn Bryant) before splitting for a few years. During this split, Hood moved to Athens and began forming what would become Drive-By Truckers, "with the intent of luring Cooley back into the fold".
The band's original lineup was fluid, but it most often included Hood, Cooley, and Howell, along with drummer Matt Lane, pedal steel player John Neff, and mandolin player Barry Sell. They released their first album Gangstabilly in 1998. With Hood and Cooley sometimes playing mandolin and banjo instead of guitar, and Howell playing double bass. After recording their first album, the band added a third guitarist/vocalist, Rob Malone. By the second album, Pizza Deliverance, released in 1999, Howell had left, Malone switched to bass, and Sell had left the band. Neff was also listed as a guest rather than a member, although he plays on much of the album. Hood dominated the songwriting and lead vocals in these early records, but Cooley, Howell, and Malone also contributed songs, with Cooley's songwriting share increasing notably by the second album.
Following their second release, Lane was replaced by drummer Brad Morgan, who had already filled in for Lane during some of the band's shows. Morgan went on to become the band's other constant member along with Hood and Cooley. With Neff also having declined to remain a full-time band contributor, Hood and Cooley were left as the only original members. The band then embarked on a nationwide tour as a four-piece band, resulting in a live album entitled Alabama Ass Whuppin' (released in 2000 by Second Heaven Records, re-released in 2002 by Terminus Records and again in 2013 on ATO Records).
2000–2001: Southern Rock Opera
After three years on the road, a tight-knit group of musicians had emerged. Malone had switched back to guitar, giving the band a three-member guitar army like Lynyrd Skynyrd, and Earl Hicks, a friend who had previously been involved in the band's production, took over the bass slot. They then began work on 2001's double album, Southern Rock Opera.
The album weaves the history of Lynyrd Skynyrd into a narrative about a fictitious rock band called Betamax Guillotine, whose story unfolds within the context of the South during the 1970s. Southern Rock Opera was originally released independently on Drive-By Truckers' own Soul Dump Records on September 12, 2001, and garnered praise from fans and critics alike. To meet the new demand brought on by, among other things, a four-star review in Rolling Stone, Southern Rock Opera was reissued by Mercury and Lost Highway Records in July 2002. Soon after, Drive-By Truckers were named Band of the Year by No Depression.
While Drive-By Truckers were touring in support of Southern Rock Opera, the band ran into a problem when they were left with only two guitarists (Cooley and Hood) following the departure of Rob Malone in late 2001. The band added fellow Alabamian guitarist and songwriter Jason Isbell to their line-up as the band's third guitarist. During his five years with Drive-By Truckers, Isbell's compositions became as highly praised as those of Cooley and Hood.
2001–2006: With Jason Isbell
After signing a new deal with Austin-based record label New West, Drive-By Truckers set about recording the follow-up to Southern Rock Opera. The result was 2003's Decoration Day, which like its predecessor, received much critical praise. It is another concept album, containing characters who are faced with hard decisions about marriage, incest, break-ups, revenge, murder, and suicide. The album features an eclectic mix of the band's newer rootsy, hard-rocking sound with some of their older alt-country sound. Former member John Neff returned as a guest to play pedal steel on about half the album, although he did not tour with the band for the album.
After years of producing and playing with Drive-By Truckers, bassist Earl Hicks left the band on December 22, 2003. Hicks was immediately replaced by studio bassist Shonna Tucker, then-wife of guitarist Jason Isbell. Tucker had previously guested on Decoration Day, playing upright bass on the Cooley-penned track "Sounds Better in the Song".
In 2004, Drive-By Truckers released yet another concept album entitled The Dirty South, which further explored the mythology of the South, with songs focusing on Sam Phillips and Sun Records, John Henry, and a three-song suite about Sheriff Buford Pusser. With Cooley and Isbell each contributing 4 songs on the 14-song set, it was the band's first album for which Hood did not write the majority of songs.
After touring throughout 2004 and 2005, Drive-By Truckers found their way to the Fidelitorium Recording Studio in Forsyth County, North Carolina, during late 2005. These recording sessions, once again produced by David Barbe, resulted in the band's seventh LP, A Blessing and a Curse. Released on April 18, 2006, A Blessing and a Curse showcased Drive-By Truckers' ability to branch out into new territory, and can be seen as the band's attempt at shaking labeling by critics, detractors, fans, and followers, particularly the Southern rock label that has haunted the band since Southern Rock Opera. The album sounds less like Lynyrd Skynyrd, and more closely resembles the bare-bones British rock of the early 1970s such as The Rolling Stones and Faces. Tom Petty, Blue Öyster Cult, and Neil Young's influence on the band's sound is more prominent on this album, as well.
On September 1, 2009, Drive-By Truckers released a collection of B-sides and rarities entitled The Fine Print: A Collection of Oddities and Rarities which were recorded during the Decoration Day and Dirty South sessions. Though released after he left the band, the album includes two tracks written by Jason Isbell.
2006–2009: Changing lineup
In 2006, Drive-By Truckers reunited, both on-stage and on-record, with Athens-based, Savannah-born pedal steel guitarist John Neff. Neff had been featured on one song on A Blessing and a Curse. During the next year, Neff began touring with the band as an unofficial sixth member.
On April 5, 2007, Jason Isbell announced that he was no longer a member of the band. The following day, Patterson Hood confirmed the break on the official site. In his letter to the fans, Hood described the parting of ways as "amicable" and expressed the hope that fans would continue to support Drive-By Truckers, as well as Isbell's solo efforts. In the same letter, Hood announced that Neff would become a full-time member, playing both guitar and pedal steel. Six years after Isbell's departure from the band, he revealed the reported "amicab[ility]" of the split was a charade and that he had been forced out. Because his excessive drinking and drug use had made Isbell unreliable, Hood had asked him to take a break from the band; upon Isbell's refusal, Cooley informed Isbell "that isn't going to work for us".
Shortly after Isbell's departure, on April 20, 2007, Patterson Hood announced via the band's website that a longtime friend of the Hood family, Spooner Oldham, would be joining the band playing keyboard for a string of acoustic performances called The Dirt Underneath Tour. This stripped-down tour set the writing mood and style for the band's next release, 2008's Brighter Than Creation's Dark, a far more "swampy" and country record than its predecessor. Brighter Than Creation's Dark went to number 37 on the Billboard 200 album chart and was billed as a gothic masterpiece. Spooner Oldham contributed to the recording of the album, and toured with the band in support of the record. The record boasted 19 tracks, clocked in at over 75 minutes (so the record's vinyl format was released as a double album), and features the first song contributions from bassist Shonna Tucker. Keyboardist/backing vocalist Jay Gonzalez went on to tour with the band once Oldham stopped at the end of Brighter Than Creation's Darks Home Front Tour.
On July 7, 2009, New West Records released the band's second official live album and DVD called Live From Austin TX. Material from Brighter Than Creation's Dark made up the majority of the mostly acoustic set-list. This was the first official release featuring Jay Gonzalez as the official sixth band member. Hood later recalled this recording as "absolutely the best filmed performance our band has ever had".
2009–2011: Departing New West Records
After being released from New West Records, the Drive-By Truckers entered the studio throughout periods of 2009 and emerged with two albums' worth of material. The songs were divided between The Big To Do (2010) and the Drive-By Truckers "R&B Murder Album" Go-Go Boots (2011). The Big To-Do further brought media attention to the band, resulting in their highest chart success, appearances on David Letterman and Jimmy Fallon's late night shows, and a scheduled tour opening for Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers. During a performance on the Late Show with David Letterman in June 2011, the band played a cover of Eddie Hinton's song "Everybody Needs Love" and were asked by Letterman to play an encore. Along with John Hiatt, English band The Heavy and Alabama-based St. Paul and The Broken Bones, they are the only musical act ever asked to play an encore on his show. As the band's contract with New West Records expired after The Fine Print was released, the band signed and released The Big To-Do and Go-Go Boots on ATO Records.
On April 17, 2010, the band released a single penned by Mike Cooley to commemorate Record Store Day. "Your Woman Is a Living Thing"/"Just Maybe" is the only record the Drive-By Truckers have released solely in a vinyl format. Digital downloads of the single can now be found on the band's website, as well as Facebook. Based on the success of the single, the band decided to release a limited edition (2,500 copies) special 10-inch 45 with two new songs, "The Thanksgiving Filter"/"Used to Be a Cop", on Black Friday of 2010. Both songs also appear on the album Go-Go Boots.
New West Records released Ugly Buildings, Whores, and Politicians: Greatest Hits 1998–2009 on August 2, 2011. The announcement was immediately met with mixed receptions by fans.
2011–2017: More lineup changes, English Oceans and American Band
On December 5, 2011, Patterson Hood announced via Facebook that bassist Shonna Tucker had left the Drive-By Truckers. He did not cite any of Tucker's reasons for leaving the band and merely stated, "we all love and respect her and wish her all of the best in everything she sets out for." David Barbe replaced Tucker for their subsequent shows until Matt Patton of The Dexateens joined the band for their spring 2012 tour. John Neff also departed on December 27, 2012; no third guitar replacement was announced, and all tours during 2013 consisted of Cooley and Hood on guitar with Gonzalez alternating between keyboard and guitar. Since that time, Gonzalez has continued to play both keyboards and guitar, allowing the band to duplicate their trademark three-guitar sound when necessary.
During the Drive-By Truckers' 2013 New Year's Eve show at the 9:30 Club in Washington, D.C., an expanded vinyl release of their first live album, Alabama Ass Whuppin' was announced to be released in 2013.
On August 3, 2013, Hood's Instagram account revealed the band had begun recording their next album at Chase Park Transduction in Athens. Released on March 4, 2014, English Oceans showed that Gonzalez had become an official member of the band. Reduced to five members again, the band showcased a more simple and direct hard-rocking style on the album. The album debuted at number 16 on the Billboard charts, which represented the best charting of their career.
The band released no new studio album in 2015, but instead released a sprawling live album entitled It's Great to Be Alive. The album was recorded over a three-night run at the Fillmore in San Francisco, on November 20, 21 and 22, 2014.
The band released their 11th album, American Band, on September 30, 2016. The album featured the same line-up as English Oceans, and featured the most politically oriented lyrics of the band's career. A 2017 article in Australia's Overland literary magazine suggested, with reference to American Band, that "no-one in the modern era is making stronger protest music than this Athens, Georgia band". They announced a tour in support of the record, the Darkened Flags Tour, in June of the same year.
In November 2017, they released the politically charged single "The Perilous Night", showing a continuation of their increased focus on protest songs.
2018–present: The Unraveling, The New OK and Welcome 2 Club XIII
On September 11, 2018, the band shared a photo via their Instagram page alluding that they were currently working on their 12th studio album. The album, titled The Unraveling, was released on January 31, 2020, making it the longest gap between studio albums for the band so far.
On June 17, 2020, NPR published an opinion piece by Patterson Hood, wherein he apologized for the band's name and called it "a drunken joke that was never intended to be in rotation and reckoned with two-and-a-half decades later".
On September 30, 2020, just eight months after the release of The Unraveling, the band announced their thirteenth studio album, The New OK. It was made available on all streaming platforms the following Friday.
On April 12, 2022, the band announced their fourteenth studio album, Welcome 2 Club XIII. The same day, the title track was released as the first promotional single. The title derives from the venue where founding members Patterson Hood and Mike Cooley performed at the start of their careers.
Work with others
In 2007, Drive-By Truckers backed up Bettye LaVette on her comeback album The Scene of the Crime, which was released on September 25 on Anti Records. Scene of the Crime was mostly recorded at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. On it, LaVette transforms country and rock songs written by Willie Nelson, Elton John, and Don Henley, among others, into devastating mini-dramas. Scene of the Crime was nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best Contemporary Blues Album" and landed on numerous "Best of 2007" lists. Drive-By Truckers frontman Patterson Hood produced the album alongside LaVette. The album also features one song cowritten by LaVette and Hood.
Drive-By Truckers backed up Booker T. Jones on his instrumental album Potato Hole, which was released on April 21, 2009. Neil Young also contributed over-dubbed guitar work to the album; the Drive-By Truckers and he never met in studio. Potato Hole features a re-recording of the Cooley penned track "Space City", which originally was released on the album A Blessing And A Curse. The band performed with Jones as "Booker T and the DBTs" at the Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival on June 14, 2009. On January 31, 2010, Potato Hole won the Best Pop Instrumental Album award at the 52nd Grammy Awards.
In late 2009, Barr Weissman released a documentary on the Drive-By Truckers entitled The Secret To A Happy Ending. The film follows the band over three particularly straining years of their career, and captures their near break up, as well as the departure of Jason Isbell from the band.
Musical style
Drive-By Truckers' musical style has incorporated elements of rock and roll, Southern rock, country, punk rock, cowpunk, pop punk, blues, soul, Southern soul and R&B. Cited influences on the band include The Clash, Richard Hell and The Voidoids, The Jim Carroll Band, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, Goodie Mob, OutKast, Loretta Lynn, George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Ferlin Husky, Lefty Frizzell, Hank Snow, Hank Williams Sr., Hank Williams Jr., Red Sovine, Red Foley, Merle Haggard, Tom T. Hall, Townes Van Zandt, Neil Young and Lynyrd Skynyrd. The band's music has been classified as Southern rock, country rock, rock and roll, alternative country, R&B, arena rock, country, emo country, folk rock, hard rock, indie rock, neo-Southern rock, post-cowpunk, roots rock, Southern Gothic and Southern soul.
Drive-By Truckers' lyrics are noted for expressing the progressive political views of the band, particularly band member and songwriter Patterson Hood. Jonathan Bernstein, writing for Rolling Stone, described American Band as the group's most politically charged album, describing the songs as "blunt, pissed-off Trump-era anthems", nearly half which deal with gun violence. The song "Ramon Casiano" is about the little known story of gun rights advocate and former NRA leader Harlon Carter, who shot and killed a 15-year-old Hispanic boy in 1931, but escaped incarceration. Hood wrote "What it Means" in response to the deaths of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown, unarmed black teenagers whose killings sparked the Black Lives Matter movement. “Surrender Under Protest,” “Ever South,” and “Guns of Umpqua” examine generations of racial injustice in a country that "shoots first and asks questions later." "Once They Banned Imagine" discusses censorship of art in times of crisis, particularly after the September 11 attacks. Band member and songwriter Mike Cooley recalled that "After the 9/11 attacks, Clear Channel put out that list of songs that their stations shouldn’t play. I couldn’t get my head around the notion that John Lennon’s "Imagine" was on that list, that it was something we didn’t need to hear at a time when it was exactly what we needed to hear. The Red Scare, the War on Crime, the War on Terrorism, they’re just excuses for cracking down on anything the establishment finds objectionable.” The follow-up album, The Unraveling, continues the band's political songwriting, with "Thoughts and Prayers" and "Babies in Cages" discussing the issues of gun violence and the Trump administration family separation policy directly. The New OK contained songs written in response to the Black Lives Matter protests in Portland, Oregon and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Online presence and artwork
The band's online presence was created in 1996, and is still maintained by long-time friend Jenn Bryant. It has been credited with helping the band gain momentum. The band also began to use another long-time friend, Wes Freed, to produce the band's signature visual style with his cover art and posters. Freed continued his collaborative work with them until his death in 2022. In March 2014, the newly debuted English Oceans album cover was named Album Art of the Month by Consequence of Sound editor Dan Caffrey. However, the band's constant touring and lauded live shows largely developed their dedicated following.
Band members
Current members
Patterson Hood – lead vocals, guitar, mandolin (1996–present)
Mike Cooley – guitar, lead vocals, banjo, harmonica (1996–present)
Brad Morgan – drums (1999–present)
Jay Gonzalez – keyboards, guitar, accordion, musical saw, backing vocals (2008–present)
Matt Patton – bass, backing and occasional lead vocals (2012–present)
Additional personnel
David Barbe – production, engineering, guitar, bass, keyboards, backing vocals (1998–present)
Former members
Adam Howell – bass, backing vocals (1996–1999)
Matt Lane – drums (1996–1999)
John Neff – guitar, pedal steel guitar, backing vocals (1996–1999, 2003, 2006–2012)
Barry Sell – mandolin, backing vocals (1996–1999)
Earl Hicks – bass (1999–2003)
Rob Malone – guitar, bass, lead vocals (1999–2001)
Jason Isbell – guitar, keyboards, lead vocals (2001–2007)
Shonna Tucker – bass, vocals, guitar, keyboards (2003–2011)
Spooner Oldham – keyboards (2003, 2007–2008)
Touring/session alumni
Jyl Freed – backing vocals (2000)
Kelly Hogan – backing vocals (2000)
Amy Pike – backing vocals (2000)
Anne Richmond Boston – backing vocals (2000)
Scott Danbom – fiddle (2003)
Clay Leverett – backing vocals (2003)
Adam Courson — trumpet, horn arrangements (2013)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Alabama Ass Whuppin' (2000, re-released in 2013)
The Dirty South Live at the 40 Watt (2004) (DVD)
Live from Austin, TX (2009)
Live at Third Man (2011) (Limited edition vinyl-only release)
It's Great To Be Alive! (2015) No. 111 US
Mike Cooley, Patterson Hood and Jason Isbell Live at the Shoals Theatre, June 15, 2014 (2020)
Live @ Plan 9 (Recorded July 13, 2006; released 2021)
Collections
The Fine Print: A Collection of Oddities and Rarities (2009)
Ugly Buildings, Whores, and Politicians: Greatest Hits 1998–2009 (2011)
Singles and EPs
"Bulldozers and Dirt"/"Nine Bullets" (1996)
"Never Gonna Change" (2004)
"Aftermath USA" (2006)
"A Blessing and a Curse" (2006)
"Self-Destructive Zones" (2008)
"A Ghost to Most" (2008)
"The Righteous Path" (2008)
"This Fucking Job" (2010, retitled "Working This Job" for radio and music video channels)
"Your Woman Is a Livin' Thing"/"Just Maybe" (2010)
"The Thanksgiving Filter"/"Used to Be a Cop" (2010)
"Sometimes Late at Night EP" (2011)
"Pauline Hawkins" (2014)
"Made Up English Oceans" (2014)
"Dragon Pants EP" (2014) (Limited Edition)
"What It Means" (2016)
"Armageddon's Back in Town" (2019)
"The Unraveling"/"Sarah's Flame" (2020)
"The New OK" (2020)
"Welcome 2 Club XIII" (2022)
"Every Single Storied Flameout" (2022)
"The Driver" (2022)
Filmography
The Secret to a Happy Ending: A Documentary About the Drive-By Truckers (2011)
References
External links
NPR
Southern rock musical groups from Georgia (U.S. state)
American country rock groups
American musical sextets
Rock and roll music groups
Rock music groups from Georgia (U.S. state)
Musical groups from Alabama
Musical groups established in 1996
New West Records artists
ATO Records artists |
BGET may refer to:
Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin
BGET, the ICAO airport code for Eqalugaarsuit Heliport |
Pseudodaphnella tincta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
Description
The length of the shell varies between 4 mm and 12 mm.
The longitudinal ribs of the white shell are strong, with revolving riblets reticulating them and with deep interstices. The sinus is broad.
The small, solid shell has a fusiform shape. It is white with a series of brown spots below the suture on alternate ribs, and a brown band on the base. The sculpture consists of numerous longitudinal ribs slightly narrower than their intervals, and about 13 in number on the body whorl. These are crossed by spiral cords, narrower than their intervals, of which there are 6 on the body whorl, followed by a costate space, as though a cord had been omitted, and then 4 more beaded, oblique cords on the narrow, lower part of the whorl. The apex is broken off with 4½ whorls remainingt The body whorl shows a thick varix behind the outer lip. The aperture is narrow with two low teeth within the outer lip. The anal sinus is deep and rounded. (described as Clathurella centrosa)
Distribution
This marine species occurs in the Southwest Pacific and off Japan, the Philippines and Queensland, Australia.
References
Reeve, L.A. 1846. Monograph of the genus Pleurotoma. pls 34–40 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1
Schmeltz, J.D.K. 1869. Museum Godeffroy. Catalog 4. Hamburg : Wilhelm Mauke Söhne xxxix 141 pp.
Pease, W.H. 1868. Synonymy of Marine Gasteropodae inhabiting Polynesia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 4(3): 103-132
Dunker, G. 1871. Mollusca nova Musei Godeffroy Hamburgensis. Malakozoologische Blätter 18: 150–175 [
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp.
Adams, H. 1872. Descriptions of fourteen new species of land and marine shells. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872: 12-15; pl. 13
Melvill, J.C. 1917. A revision of the Turridae (Pleurotomidae) occurring in the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and North Arabian Sea as evidenced mostly through the results of dredgings carried out by Mr. F.W. Townsend, 1893-1914. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 12(4-5): 140-201
Powell, A.W.B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1–23
Maes, V.O. 1967. The littoral marine mollusks of Cocos-Keeling Islands (Indian Ocean). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 119: 93–217
External links
Brazier, J. 1876. A list of the Pleurotomidae collected during the Chevert expedition, with the description of the new species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1: 151–162
Pilsbry H.A. (1904). New Japanese marine Mollusca: Gastropoda. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 56: 3-32 [10 February], 33-37
Kilburn, R. N. (2009). Genus Kermia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea: Conidae: Raphitominae) in South African Waters, with Observations on the Identities of Related Extralimital Species. African Invertebrates. 50(2): 217-236
Fedosov A. E. & Puillandre N. (2012) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Kermia–Pseudodaphnella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Raphitomidae) genus complex: a remarkable radiation via diversification of larval development. Systematics and Biodiversity 10(4): 447-477
Gastropods.com: Pseudodaphnella tincta
Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359, pls 42-56
tincta
Gastropods described in 1846 |
```powershell
function New-LWVHDX
{
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseCompatibleCmdlets", "", Justification="Not relevant on Linux")]
[Cmdletbinding()]
Param (
#Path to reference VHD
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string]$VhdxPath,
#Size of the reference VHD
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[int]$SizeInGB,
[string]$Label,
[switch]$UseLargeFRS,
[char]$DriveLetter,
[long]$AllocationUnitSize,
[string]$PartitionStyle,
[switch]$SkipInitialize
)
Write-LogFunctionEntry
$PSBoundParameters.Add('ProgressIndicator', 1) #enables progress indicator
$VmDisk = New-VHD -Path $VhdxPath -SizeBytes ($SizeInGB * 1GB) -ErrorAction Stop
Write-ProgressIndicator
Write-PSFMessage "Created VHDX file '$($vmDisk.Path)'"
if ($SkipInitialize)
{
Write-PSFMessage -Message "Skipping the initialization of '$($vmDisk.Path)'"
Write-LogFunctionExit
return
}
$mountedVhd = $VmDisk | Mount-VHD -PassThru
Write-ProgressIndicator
if ($DriveLetter)
{
$Label += "_AL_$DriveLetter"
}
$formatParams = @{
FileSystem = 'NTFS'
NewFileSystemLabel = 'Data'
Force = $true
Confirm = $false
UseLargeFRS = $UseLargeFRS
AllocationUnitSize = $AllocationUnitSize
}
if ($Label)
{
$formatParams.NewFileSystemLabel = $Label
}
$mountedVhd | Initialize-Disk -PartitionStyle $PartitionStyle
$mountedVhd | New-Partition -UseMaximumSize -AssignDriveLetter |
Format-Volume @formatParams |
Out-Null
Write-ProgressIndicator
$VmDisk | Dismount-VHD
Write-LogFunctionExit
}
``` |
Nick Hopkins is a British investigative journalist and broadcaster, known for his work for The Guardian newspaper and the BBC’s Newsnight television program.
Career
Investigative work
Nick Hopkins was a member of the investigative team at The Guardian responsible for publishing the Edward Snowden leaks in 2013, work which was awarded with the Pulitzer prize. In 2014, he was, in a move publicized by the BBC, recruited to work with the Newsnight program, referring to his career-spanning admiration of the show as a motivator behind the switch.
In January 2016, Hopkins returned to The Guardian as head of investigations. Shortly thereafter, the newspaper disbanded the incumbent investigative team, asking members to seek other positions within the organization. As of January 2018, Hopkins retains his role as head of investigations at The Guardian.
Earlier career
In the announcement of his recruitment by the BBC in 2014, Hopkins stated he had worked in journalism for over two decades. He describes his career as having started at the Surrey Comet and later, the Wolverhampton Express & Star.
In 1994, Hopkins joined the Daily Mail, ultimately serving as the nationwide paper's New York Correspondent. His first, 16-year stint at The Guardian began in 1998 and lasted until 2014, and included roles as a national and foreign news editor, four years as Crime Correspondent and three years as Defence and Security Editor.
In a verified profile on the journalist profiling site Muckrack, Hopkins also lists journalistic work experience with Yahoo, The Irish Times, AlterNet, CIO Today, Teton Valley News and Der Freitag.
External links
Nick Hopkins' profile at The Guardian
Nick Hopkins' Twitter profile
Playlist of Hopkins' reporting on BBC Newsnight's Youtube account
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
The Guardian journalists
British investigative journalists |
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