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The French freighter La Coubre () exploded in the harbour of Havana, Cuba, on 4 March 1960 while it was unloading 76 tons of grenades and munitions. Seventy-five to 100 people were killed, and many were injured. Fidel Castro alleged it was an act of sabotage on the part of the United States, which denied any involvement.
Events
La Coubre, a 4,310-ton French vessel, was on 4 March 1960 unloading her cargo of 76 tons of Belgian munitions she had transported from the port of Antwerp in Belgium to Havana. Unloading explosive ordnance directly onto the dock in Havana was against port regulations. Ships with such cargoes were supposed to be moored in the center of the harbor and their high-risk cargo unloaded onto lighters.
The ship exploded at 3:10 pm. Thirty minutes after the first explosion, while hundreds of people were involved in a rescue operation organized by the Cuban military, a second, more powerful explosion killed and injured more people.
At the time of the explosion, Che Guevara (who was a trained doctor) was in a meeting at the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (NIAR) headquarters. He drove to the scene and spent the next few hours giving medical attention to the crew members, armed forces personnel, and dock workers who had been injured. The death toll was between 75 and 100; more than 200 people were injured.
Reaction
Speaking the next day at a funeral for 27 dock workers killed by the explosions, Fidel Castro said that the United States was responsible for the explosion, calling it "the work of those who do not wish us to receive arms for our defense". U.S. Secretary of State Christian Herter denied that on 7 March in a meeting with the Cuban chargé d'affaires in Washington, then delivered a formal note of protest to Cuban Foreign Minister Raul Roa on 15 March.
On 7 March, the Miami Herald reported charges made by Jack Lee Evans, an American who had just returned from Havana where he had been working for and living with William Alexander Morgan, an American who had commanded rebel forces during the Cuban Revolution. He said he had boarded the La Coubre on 2 March with Morgan and others to transport machine guns and ammunition to the NIAR. He said he had learned of a plot by an anti-communist dockworker to explode the ship, did not think Morgan was involved, and now feared for his life. Morgan denied ever being aboard the ship and said of Evans: "The kid has to be out of his mind to say a thing like that." Morgan was arrested seven months later, accused of supporting counter-revolutionaries, and executed in March 1961.
Alberto Korda took photos at the March 5 memorial service at Havana's Colón Cemetery, including the photo Guerrillero Heroico, which has become an iconic image of Che Guevara.
Fate of La Coubre
La Coubre, named for a point of land along the Atlantic coast of France, La Coubre, was towed to a dry-dock in Havana Harbor where she underwent extensive temporary repairs for five months to make her sufficiently seaworthy to be towed to France. La Coubre was towed by the Dutch merchant Oostzee to Le Havre, arriving 26 September 1960. Two tugboats moved La Coubre to the French port of Rouen on the Seine. Here she underwent her permanent repairs, completed in April 1961.
When returned to service she continued to be owned and operated by the French Compagnie Générale Transatlantique until 1972, when she was sold to the Dorothea shipping company in Cyprus and renamed Barbara. Later the vessel was renamed Notios Hellas and Agia Marina until 1979 when she was sold to a Spanish company to be scrapped.
Notes
References
Explosions in 1960
March 1960 events in North America
Explosions in Cuba
Transport disasters in Cuba
Che Guevara
1960 in Cuba
History of Havana
Cuba–United States relations
Maritime incidents in 1960
Shipwrecks in the Caribbean Sea
20th century in Havana
Terrorist incidents in Cuba
Cuban Revolution
Mass murder in 1960
Massacres in Cuba
Disasters in Havana |
Aidan Gould (born February 26, 1997) is an American actor. He is the older brother of Modern Family star Nolan Gould.
Family and education
Gould was born in Columbus, Georgia. The family moved to Phenix City, Alabama, when he was very young because his father, an army captain, was stationed at Fort Benning. The family moved to California in 2003.
Career
Like his brother Nolan, Aidan was a child actor. His career began in 2001; at age four he was considered for We Were Soldiers, but instead made his first appearance in a television commercial.
In 2008, he starred in the movie Julia opposite Tilda Swinton. The movie was entered in the 2008 Berlinale; one German critic called Gould's performance "impressive", and another said Gould's performance was "uncannily capable". Matthew Turner of View London called Aidan's performance a "remarkable job", and Amber Wilkinson of Eye for Film remarked, "Gould invests Tom with sufficient reticence."
Filmography
Friday Night Slimetime "Halloween Special" (2005) TV
The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (2005) : Telethon Kid
The Red Balloon (2006) Short film : Jimmy
The Secret Life of Leonardo Da Vinci (2006) : Leo as a boy
The McPassion (2006) : Whip and Hammer Boy
National Health Test with Bryant Gumbel (2006) : Christmas Kid (uncredited)
Christmas Spirit (2007) Short film : Danny
Passions (2007) TV : Good Witch Student #1
A New Tomorrow (2007) : Joseph
Gilmore Girls (2007) TV : Kid Sinclair
The Revengers (2007) : Child Tadzio
The Rainbow Tribe (2008) : Josh
Julia (2008) : Tom
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2010) TV : Will Sutter
iCarly (2012) TV : Lars
Dynamite Swine (2013) : Young Evan
Workaholics (2013) TV : Chargonius
Modern Family (2013) TV : Drummer
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male child actors
American male television actors
Actors from Columbus, Georgia |
Scioto Township is one of the fifteen townships of Pickaway County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 United States Census found 11,712 people in the township.
Geography
Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:
Jackson Township, Franklin County - north
Hamilton Township, Franklin County - northeast
Harrison Township - east
Jackson Township - south
Muhlenberg Township - southwest
Darby Township - west
Pleasant Township, Franklin County - northwest
There is only one village located in Scioto Township, which is Commercial Point in the center of the township. Additional areas include the Census-designated place of Orient, located in the northwest, the Unincorporated Communities of Robtown in the southwest, and Southern Point in the northeast corner.
Name and history
Scioto Township was transferred to Pickaway County from Franklin County on March 1, 1810, by the Ohio General Assembly, when the new county was formed. The township was boarded to the east by the Scioto River and to the west and south by Darby Creek. The township gave part of it land to Jackson Township in 1830 and additional land to Muhlenberg Township upon its formation.
Early settlers came from primarily Pennsylvania and Virginia beginning in 1800, with Thomas and John Thompson, both of whom were soldiers in the American Revolutionary War. The first town established was Robtown, by Michael and Issac Robison, a father and son pair, in 1822. Wiley H. Beckett, created the village of Genoa in 1841 and two years later, James H. Burnley, created the village of Rome. The towns combined when the Village was incorporated in on March 21, 1851, with Genoa being the western half and Rome being the eastern. In 1872, the town changed its name to Commercial Point, which was suggested by Eli Harsh.
The township is named after the Scioto River and it is one of five Scioto Townships statewide.
Government
The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.
References
External links
Township website
County website
Townships in Pickaway County, Ohio
Townships in Ohio |
Broxbourne is a town in the Borough of Broxbourne district, in Hertfordshire, England, with a population of 15,303 at the 2011 Census. It is located to the south of Hoddesdon and to the north of Cheshunt, north of London. The town is near the River Lea, which forms the boundary with Essex, and north of the M25 motorway. To the west of the town are Broxbourne Woods, a national nature reserve. The Prime Meridian runs just east of Broxbourne.
Name
The name is believed to derive from the Old English words brocc and burna meaning Badger stream.
History
Broxbourne grew around inns on the Great Cambridge Road, now known as the A10. A number of old houses and inns dating from the 16th to the 19th centuries still line the High Street (now the A1170). The Hertfordshire Golf and Country Club is a 16th Century house with later alterations and additions.
The Manor of Broxbourne has an entry in the Domesday Book as Brochtsborne, where Broxbourne Mill is listed. The manor was held in the time of Edward the Confessor by Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, but had passed into Norman hands following the Conquest. King John granted the manor to the Knights Hospitallers until the Dissolution, when it passed to John Cock, after whose family Cock Lane is named.
The parish church of St Augustine was entirely rebuilt in the 15th century, although a 12th-century Purbeck marble font survives. The interior has a number of monuments and brasses dating from the 15th to the 19th centuries. The three stage tower has a belfry with a peal of eight bells, three of which are dated 1615.
The New River which passes through the centre of the town, was constructed in the early 17th century. Broxbourne railway station was built in 1840. A terra cotta works was opened soon afterwards by James Pulham and Son, who specialised in creating artificial rock garden features; some of their work survives in the gardens at Sandringham House and Buckingham Palace.
Pulham House was demolished in 1957. All that remained was one of the six brick kilns and the horse-drawn puddling wheel that ground the terracotta, which are now Grade II listed. The local council originally conserved these in 1986, and in 2016 full conservation was undertaken as part of a joint project between B3Living, Lowewood Museum and Broxbourne Borough Council, with support from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
The area was exploited for its gravel and sand extraction in the twentieth century leaving numerous water-filled lakes. Several of the lakes form part of the Lee Valley Regional Park.
Local government
Broxbourne was a civil parish in the Ware Rural District from 1894 to 1935. In the latter year the more heavily populated eastern end of the parish, including the village of Broxbourne itself, was added to the Hoddesdon Urban District, while the rural western portion remained in Ware Rural District, forming part of the civil parish of Brickendon Liberty. In 1931 the parish had a population of 1270.
The former area of Hoddesdon Urban District merged with that of Cheshunt Urban District to form the Borough of Broxbourne in 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972.
The local Member of Parliament is Charles Walker MP, who is from the Conservative party.
Broxbourne now forms one of thirteen wards of the borough, returning three councillors.
Sport and leisure
Broxbourne has a Non-League football club, F.C. Broxbourne Borough, who play at Goffs Lane.
2012 Summer Olympics
As part of the London 2012 Summer Olympics, Spitalbrook was chosen as the venue for whitewater canoe and kayak slalom events. On 8 October 2007 the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) announced that due to contamination risks at the planned Spitalbrook site, an alternative site south was being investigated. Subsequently, on 16 April 2008 it was announced that the venue would be built at nearby Waltham Cross and situated on what was (at the time of the relevant press release) the overflow car park for the showground at the River Lee Country Park. The venue was initially known as Broxbourne White Water Canoe Centre and later officially named Lee Valley White Water Centre.
Notable residents
Sir Edward Thackeray, recipient of the Victoria Cross
Broxbourne's Hedgegrove Farm was home to Dina St Johnston, who founded the UK's first independent software house.
Charles Deville Wells, known as ″the man who broke the bank at Monte Carlo" (born in Broxbourne High Road in 1841). He was baptised by the Rev. Francis Thackeray, who was an uncle of the writer William Makepeace Thackeray and father of Sir Edward Thackeray (see above).
Pat Jennings, goalkeeper who played for Watford, Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal and Northern Ireland.
Ray Clemence, goalkeeper who played for Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool and England.
Osvaldo Ardiles, Midfield who played for Tottenham Hotspur and Argentina.
Gillian Taylforth, actress
Richard Watts, nineteenth-century printer to the University of Cambridge, and of non-Roman scripts.
Elizabeth Maconchy, composer
See also
Broxbourne railway station
Cannix
The Broxbourne School
References
Towns in Hertfordshire
Former civil parishes in Hertfordshire
Hoddesdon |
Dr. Willem Pleyte (26 June 1836 – 1 March 1903) was a Dutch Egyptologist and museum director.
Family
Willem Pleyte was the son of Cornelius Marinus Pleyte. He was born on 26 June 1836 in Hillegom, where his father was a pastor.
Education
He attended the French school in Loenen (which was not very highly regarded) from 1840. He was then sent to the Gymnasium Bommel, where his uncle was the rector where he studied up to 1855. From 1855 to 1860, Pleyte studied theology at the Opzoomer college of Utrecht University. He found the subject of theology to his liking and did well in his studies. In 1860, he completed his education successfully.
Career
He hoped to follow in the footsteps of his father and started his career from 1860 in church council of Gelderland and he found the job of a preacher not to his liking. During this time, for two years, he also ventured into scientific research in theology and started writing articles and publishing them in journals; the first article was "The Book of Noah “ and the others were "the Ascension of the Prophet Jesus", and “the Removal of Moses” and published them in journals. He then started research on Egyptology, a subject still in its infancy with very few well known experts in the field such as Rouge, Lepsius, Brugsch and others. From 1862 to 1892, he also wrote several publications for which he was criticized, such as "La religion pre-Israelite; Recherches sur le dieu Set" (1865). He was dispirited by this critique but continued to write. His next work was on "Lettre à Monsieur Théodule Deveria sur quelques monuments relatifs au Dieu Set" which refers to monuments, their locations and worship practices of gods with many names of the northern and southern nations.
He then wrote a few articles on the value of various hieroglyphics and the numerals in Egyptian in "Zeitschrift fur Aegyptische Sprache und Alterthumskunde" which were well received.
his" Etudes Égyptologiques' the attention.
A notable work of Pleyte was in 1868, when he wrote an article for "Etudes Égyptologiques" in which he gave a translation and commentary of the hieratic text on the verso of Papyrus Leiden I 348. This book proved his erudition in Egyptology. The subject of this text is a collection of spells against various diseases. The 'Etudes' begins with a translation and commentary of a text on the verso of Papyrus I 348, which is now preserved in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden. He also commented on the Book of the Dead, number 125, comparing 40 papyri from Leiden and Paris. Pleyte also studied the papyri in the Museo Egizio in Turin. Between 1869 and 1876, he and museum curator published Papyrus de Turin, making a part of the large papyri collection of the Regio Museo di Antichita di Torino available to others.
In his last major work Chapitres supplémentaires du Livre des Morts 162–174 (1881–1882), he translated and analyzed different parts of the Book of the Dead. The discovery that the Leiden and london papyri originally formed one manuscript is attributed to Pleyte, as he recognized the handwriting to be the same. The work was published however, by Professor Hess from Freiburg in 1892.
Starting in 1869, Pleyte applied for the curator position at the "archaeological cabinet" (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden); earlier he had been invited only as a volunteer. Even though there was opposition from the Director Conradus Leemans, Pleyte appointment as conservator was approved by the Minister on 11 January 1869 and he took charge on 1 February 1869. Before his appointment as curator, he had visited the Museum at Turin where he found that a large number of hieratic papyri were organized scientifically. On his return from Turin, he made a proposal to Rossi, the curator of the Museum to organize the papyri in a scientific way in the museum where he worked. Pleyte was not put in charge of the Egyptian section, rather he was given the Classic and Dutch sections. After Leemans retired in 1891, Pleyte became the director of the RMO, where he made many improvements. He reorganized the drawings, he created space to study, and he made a significant expansion to the library. Not long after his appointment as director, Pleyte began to suffer from rheumatism and his wife who had a great influence on his life died in 1895. In January 1903, he resigned. Only a few weeks later, on March 11, he died at the age 66. Pleyte was the father of the Indologist and museum curator, Cornelis Marinus Pleyte. They both served on the board of Brill.
Honours
In March 1871, the Italian government honoured him with the Order of the Crown of Italy. In 1875, the Senate of the Leyden University promoted him as Doctor Honoris causa in Literature. In 1882, he was appointed as a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. On 31 August 1898, he was decorated with the Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. He was a member of several national and international societies. As one of the leading specialists in hieratic of his time, a portrait bust of Willem Pleyte was included in the funerary monument for Auguste Mariette in the garden of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Family life
Pleyte married Catharina Margaretha Templeman van Hoeven (23 August 1839 – 15 March 1895) on 8 August 1862. The couple had ten children, six of whom reached adulthood. Notable are Thomas Bastiaan Pleyte (23 October 1864 – 25 March 1926; lawyer and politician) and Cornelis Marinus Pleyte (24 June 1863 – 22 July 1917; Dutch East Indies ethnologist and museum curator).
Selected works
1862: La religion des Pré-Israélites. Recherches sur le dieu Seth, dissertation Leiden University. Revised edition published in 1865 by Hooiberg et Fils, Leiden.
1865: Catalogue raisonnée de types égyptiens hiératiques de la fonderie de N. Tetterode à Amsterdam, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1866: Études Égyptologiques I: Étude sur un rouleau magique du musée de Leide, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1868: Les Papyrus Rollin, de la Bibliothèque Impériale de Paris, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1869-1876 (with ): Papyrus de Turin, 2 vols., Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1874 (with ; ): Leiden vóór 300 jaren en thans. Photolithographische afbeelding van een platte-grond van 1578, en chromolithographische afbeelding van het chaertbouc van straten binnen deser Stadt Leyden, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1877-1903: Nederlandsche oudheden van de vroegste tijden tot op Karel den Groote. Afbeeldingen naar de oorspronkelijke voorwerpen of naar photographiën met begeleidende tekst en oudheidkundige kaart. I: Tekst; II: Platen; [III:] Carte archéologique de la Néerlande. Oudheidkundige kaart van Nederland, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
1879: Études Égyptologiques III: L'épistolographie égyptienne, Leiden (unfinished).
1879 (with ): Catalogus van het Stedelijk Museum te Leiden, Leiden.
1881: Chapitres supplémentaires du Livre des morts 162 à 174 publiés d'après les Monuments de Leide, du Louvre et du Musée Britannique, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
See also
List of ancient Egyptian papyri
References
External links
1836 births
1903 deaths
Dutch Egyptologists
Directors of museums in Rotterdam
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Hillegom |
The Makombé River is a river in Cameroon. It joins the Nkam River near Yabassi to become the Wouri River.
History
The Makombé River was encountered in the 17th century by the Bamileke tribes, who relocated to the forests from constraints of the Fulani people. The river was adjoined to a nature reserve in the 20th century, establishing the Réserve Forestière de Manya-Makombé.
References
Rivers of Cameroon
Littoral Region (Cameroon) |
Naduvalur is a village in Gangavalli in the Salem district of the state of Tamil Nadu, located in the north central part of the southernmost state of India.
This is the largest panchayat in Gangavalli taluk.
Location
Naduvalur is located 60 km from Salem, 12 km from Attur, 43 km from Perambalur and 3 km from Gangavalli. It is located on the State Highway 157 connecting Attur and Trichirapalli. Tamil is the primary language used here. This is a fast developing village in Gangavalli taluk.
Business
Agriculture is the primary business. Other businesses are Milk products, Tractors for hire, Paddy harvesting machine for hire, medicals. There are more than 10 retailer shops available in the village which provides purchase of groceries, taking photocopies/printouts, purchasing of mobile phones, mobiles/DTH recharges, medical facilities and all other basic things.
Agriculture
Sugarcane, Paddy, Turmeric, Maize and Cotton are main crops cultivated here. It is also famous for tapioca (cassava roots), and there are several tapioca-based industries near Attur today which manufacture products like "Javarisi" (Sago) for markets all over India. The power source is from Thedavur TNEB sub station that provides both single and 3 phase supply for domestic and agricultural purposes respectively.
Market is available on Wednesday evening (from 04:00 PM) of every week.
Panchayat Areas
Naduvalur panchanyat includes following villages viz.
1.pallakadu
2.Mottur
3.naduvalur
Banks
The Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) is located in this village with more than 2000 customers. It provide banking facilities for the people located in and around the villages near Naduvalur. This is core banking branch and its IFS code is IOBA0002770 used for NEFT, RTGS and IMPS finance transfer systems. The IOB ATM is operating here 24*7 to facilitate the customers for easy transactions.
The Canara Bank is located near Indian Oil petrol bunk and serving the customers from Naduvalur, Gangavalli and Pallakadu. This is core banking branch and its IFS code is CNRB0004053.
Bunk
The Hindustan Petroleum Corporation is provide petrol/diesel facilities for the vehicles in and around the villages near Naduvalur and trespassers. It is opened from 4:00 AM to 10:00 PM.in this bunk the pump boy name is krishnan
Mobile Networks
Maximum all networks have been used by the people in this village. 2G 3G 4G facility is available. Airtel 2G Tower is located opposite to the Bunk.
Geography
There are two lakes in the area: Periyeri ("Big lake") and Sitheri ("Small lake"). The Periyeri will get water from Sitheri. In other words, Periyeri gets water only after Sitheri fills fully.
About Panchayat
Naduvalur panchayat comprising
Chinnamman Koil Kadu (Kattukottaigal)
Vadakkodi(Vadakku kaadu)
Chettikulam
Melveedhi (Upper Street)
Naduveedhi (Middle Street)
Keelveedhi (Lower street)
Transportation
Bus Transport
Private buses are being operated from Attur and nearby towns/villages. Tamil Nadu State run transport corporation (TNSTC), formerly known as Anna Transport Corporation (ATC), in Salem district compete with private buses in that area. Main buses running through Naduvalur are Sri Balaji formerly Jayasakthi, Swamy Formerly SKT, KRD, ACL, 7, 10, 27, 32, 34, 15C, TNSTC (Salem, Trichy and Kumbakonam). The first bus facility during the day begins from 05:00 AM.
Railways
The nearest railway station is Attur. Train services are also available between Attur to Salem, Attur to Virudhachalam and Salem-Chennai Egmore express that runs via Attur which arrives at 04:33 AM towards Salem and 10:20 PM towards Chennai every day. The frequency of operation is very low; one on each direction in the morning and one in the evening. Pondicherry-Bangalore AC express train is expected to run shortly and runs via Attur.
Nearest airport is Salem Airport which is 60 km away from the village, nearest International Airport is Trichy which is 95 km away from the village.
Places of Worship
Arungattaman temple
Puthu Mariamman temple (The festival of this temple is celebrated on Vaigasi 1 (14 or 15 May) every year.
Sivan temple
Perumal temple
Periyaee temple
Veerangi Iyannar temple
Kunniyamman temple
Moopanar temple
Sunnath pallivasal(Mosque)
Mangala Mariyamman Temple (The festival of this temple is celebrated on Maasi month every year)
Education
Schools
Government High School, Naduvalur (Up to 10th Standard)
Government Elementary School, Mottur (Up to 5th Standard)
Government Elementary School, Pallakadu (Up to 5th Standard)
Saraswathi Nursery and Primary School (Up to 5th Standard)
National Nursery and Primary School (Up to 5th Standard)
GET Academic cbse school, Naduvalur
GET matriculation school, Naduvalur
Sri Vidhya Bharathi matric higher secondary School, Naduvalur
Colleges
Golden Polytechnic College
Politics
Naduvalur is part of Kallakurichi in terms of Lok Shaba constituency and part of Gangavalli in terms of state assembly constituency.
Festivals
The festival of Puthu Mariamman Temple is being celebrated every year on Vaigasi 1st (14 or 15 May).
As the village is mainly dependent on Agricultural activity Pongal festival is grandly celebrated by the people every year.
Special Economic Zones (SEZ)
The nearest SEZ is Salem. Being one of the fastest growing tier II cities, the Tamil Nadu government and ELCOT are planning to establish an IT park in Salem covering about .
SAIL is planning a Steel SEZ inside the Salem Steel plant covering about .
There is an exclusive Electrical and Electronics Industrial Estate in the Suramangalam area of Salem town.
Yercaud
Yercaud is a hill station near Salem, Tamil Nadu, India in the Servarayan range of hills (anglicized as Shevaroys) in the Eastern Ghats. It is located 70 km from Naduvalur. It is at an altitude of 1515 metres (4969 feet) above the mean sea level. The town gets its name from the lake located at its center — in Tamil "Yeri" means "lake" and "Kaadu" means "forest". Yercaud is known for coffee plantations and orange groves. It also has an orchidarium run by the Botanical Survey of India.
The highest point in Yercaud is the Servarayan temple. Hence the Yercaud hill area is called Shevaroy Hills.
References
Villages in Salem district |
Veettukulle Thiruvizha () is a 1996 Indian Tamil language romantic comedy film directed by K. R. S. Jawahar. The film stars Anand Babu, Sanghavi, Rohini and Vinodhini, with R. Sundarrajan, Vadivukkarasi, Vijaya Chandrika, Jai Ganesh, Kumarimuthu, K. K. Soundar and Pandu playing supporting roles. It was released on 30 December 1996.
Plot
Muthuvel is the son of Ramasamy and Parvathi. Ramasamy wants his son to marry his niece Abhirami while Parvathi wants him to marry her niece Krishnaveni. After finishing his studies in the city, Muthuvel returns to his home. Therefore, Abhirami with her parents and Krishnaveni with her parents enter his home to seduce him. One day, Muthuvel's college lover Gayathri comes to his home and she hugs Muthuvel thus shocking his family.
Muthuvel and Gayathri are in love and they want to get married at any cost. Abhirami and Krishnaveni who were fighting for Muthuvel all along join hands against Gayathri. In the meantime, Muthuvel's little sister becomes pregnant and she reveals that the father is her collegemate Kumaresan. Gounder, Kumaresan's father, is not willing to give his son in marriage but later, he accepts if Muthuvel is ready to marry his daughter Lakshmi. Gayathri then sacrifices her love by orchestrating a fake drama portraying her as a bad person. Meanwhile, Abhirami's parents and Krishnaveni parents don't want their daughter to marry anymore Muthuvel and they all leave his house. When Muthuvel learns about the fake drama, he embarks on a search for his lover. The film ends with Muthuvel and Gayathri embracing.
Cast
Anand Babu as Muthuvel
Sanghavi as Abhirami
Rohini as Gayathri
Vinodhini as Krishnaveni
R. Sundarrajan as Ramasamy
Vadivukkarasi as Parvathi
Vijaya Chandrika as Rasathi
Jai Ganesh as Kathavarayan
Kumarimuthu as Rajasekhar
K. K. Soundar as Gounder
Pandu as Meganathan
Rajkanth
Sheela
Ramya
Jayadevi
Idichapuli Selvaraj as Tirumangalam
Vishnu
Veeramani
Thideer Kannaiah as Kannaiah
Kovai Senthil as Marriage broker
Tharani
Anuja in a special appearance
Soundtrack
The music was composed by Deva, with lyrics written by Vaali and Ponniyin Selvan.
References
1996 films
1990s Tamil-language films
Indian romantic comedy films
Films scored by Deva (composer)
1996 directorial debut films
1996 romantic comedy films |
New Mill is a Grade II listed smock mill in Northbourne, Kent, England that was built in 1848 and which has been converted to residential accommodation.
History
New mill was built in 1848 by Messrs J J and T R Holman, the Canterbury millwrights at a cost of £600. It was originally built with two pairs of millstones, and some of the machinery was to be second hand. A Robey & Co. steam engine was added in 1886 at a cost of £210. and a third pair of millstones added in 1892. The mill was overhauled by Holman's in 1910, including two new cant (corner) posts and a new sail. In July 1915 two sails and the fantail were blown off. The mill was repaired in 1916 and from then on ran with only two sails. The steam engine was scrapped in 1947 but the mill was working by wind until 1949, when it was dismantled. After standing idle for a short time it was run by electric motor from 1951 to 1957. The mill was converted into a house in 1976 and the former engine shed was used as bed and breakfast accommodation until approximately 2013. The mill is now purely residential and has recently (as of 2020) been taken over by new owners.
Description
New Mill is a four-storey smock mill on a single storey single-storey brick base. There is a stage at first-floor level. It had four double Patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The mill was winded by a fantail. It had three pairs of millstones. Some machinery is still present, including the windshaft, one pair of millstones, the engine driveshafts and gearing for the millstones and the governor and associated tentering gear. The cap frame is still in existence, along with the curb and cap centering rollers.
Millers
Richard Fuller 1848 - 1881
Thomas M Fuller 1881 - 1902
Ernest M Fuller 1902 - 1957
Richard J Fuller 1930 - 1957
References for above:-
References
External links
Windmill World page on the mill.
Windmills in Kent
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Smock mills in England
Grade II listed buildings in Kent
Windmills completed in 1848
Octagonal buildings in the United Kingdom
Dover District |
Srameen is a townland near Athlone, County Westmeath, Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish of St. Mary's.
The townland stands to the south of the town, on the banks of the River Shannon which forms the border with County Roscommon.
The townland is bordered by Ballygowlan to the north and Cloonbonny to the east.
References
Townlands of County Westmeath |
Arthur Delisle, (March 15, 1859 – April 10, 1936) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec. He represented Portneuf in the House of Commons of Canada from 1891 to 1896 as a Liberal member.
He was born in Portneuf, Canada East, the son of Jean Delisle and Anathalie Frenette. Delisle was educated at Laval, the Séminaire de Québec and the Université Laval. He was admitted to the Quebec bar in 1883 and set up practice in Quebec City. In 1890, Delisle married Blanche Hudon. He was one of the editors for l'Union Libérale. In 1896, he moved to Montreal and set up practice there. Delisle was named King's Counsel in 1898. He ran unsuccessfully for the same seat in the House of Commons in 1908 as an Independent Liberal. In 1929, he was named registrar for the bankruptcy court in Montreal district. Delisle died in Montreal at the age of 77.
References
Les avocats de la région de Québec (1936) Roy, PG
1859 births
1936 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Canadian King's Counsel |
Ischnura barberi, the desert forktail, is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae. It is found in North America.
The IUCN conservation status of Ischnura barberi is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is stable.
References
Further reading
Ischnura
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1903 |
Plasmodium capistrani is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium.
Like all Plasmodium species P. capistrani has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.
Description
The parasite was first described by Russell in 1932.
Geographical occurrence
This species is found in the Philippines.
Clinical features and host pathology
The hosts for this parasite include the painted quail Excalfactoria lineata.
References
capistrani |
Janet Radcliffe Richards (born 1944) is a British philosopher specialising in bioethics and feminism and Professor of Practical Philosophy at the University of Oxford. She is the author of The Sceptical Feminist (1980), Philosophical Problems of Equality (1995), Human Nature after Darwin (2000), and The Ethics of Transplants (2012).
Biography
Richards was lecturer in Philosophy at the Open University 1979–1999, and Director of the Centre for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine at University College London until 2007. Since 2008, she has been Professor of Practical Philosophy at Oxford University.
She was in a relationship with philosopher Derek Parfit from 1982, and they were married from 2010 until his death in 2017.
Work
Richards is the author of several books, papers and articles, and has sat on a variety of advisory and working committees in areas of philosophy and bioethics. She is also a Distinguished Research Fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics and posts regularly at the University of Oxford's Practical Ethics: Ethical Perspectives on the News website.
Her identification with feminism and her focus on bioethics both occurred "by accident" during the writing of her first book, The Sceptical Feminist: A Philosophical Enquiry (Routledge, 1980; Penguin, 1982) – bioethics being central to the abortion debate. The book proved to be controversial within and without feminism, e.g. in regard to standards of rationality, fashion and style, and her liberal stance.
Her second book, Human Nature After Darwin: A Philosophical Introduction (Routledge, 2001) explores the so-called Darwin Wars, including what implications Darwinism raises for philosophy and the application of critical thinking to various arguments put forward in the debate. It was originally written as an introduction to philosophical techniques for Open University students using the controversies relating to Darwinian thinking and human nature.
Richards is a firm believer in effective altruism and is since April 2014 a member of Giving What We Can, a community of people who have pledged to give at least 10% of their income to effective charities.
Bibliography
The Sceptical Feminist: A Philosophical Enquiry, Routledge, (1980)
Human Nature After Darwin: A Philosophical Introduction, Routledge, (2001)
"Why Feminist Epistemology Isn't" (1997) in The Flight from Science and Reason P. Gross, N. Levitt & M. Lewis; Johns Hopkins University Press.
"Organs For Sale", Janet Radcliffe Richards, Issues Med Ethics. 2001 April–June;9(2)
References
External links
Faculty page at Oxford University
Reason and romance: The world's most cerebral marriage
1944 births
20th-century British philosophers
21st-century British philosophers
Academics of University College London
Bioethicists
British women philosophers
Feminist philosophers
Living people |
```python
""" IMPORTS """
import demistomock as demisto
from CommonServerPython import *
from CommonServerUserPython import *
from collections.abc import Generator
import dateparser
import urllib3
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
# Disable insecure warnings
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
''' CONSTANTS '''
DATE_FORMAT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ'
# todo: add all necessary field types
COMMON_FIELD_TYPES = ['trafficlightprotocol']
DATE_FIELDS_LIST = ["creationdate", "firstseenbysource", "lastseenbysource", "gibdatecompromised"]
IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES = ['asn', 'geocountry', 'geolocation']
EVALUATION_FIELDS = ['evaluation.reliability', 'evaluation.credibility',
'evaluation.admiraltyCode', 'evaluation.severity']
EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES = ['gibreliability', 'gibcredibility', 'gibadmiraltycode', 'gibseverity']
MALWARE_FIELDS = ['malware.name']
MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES = ['gibmalwarename']
THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS = ['threatActor.name', 'threatActor.isAPT', 'threatActor.id']
THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES = ['gibthreatactorname', 'gibthreatactorisapt', 'gibthreatactorid']
MAPPING: dict = {
"compromised/mule": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'account', "main_field_type": 'GIB Compromised Mule',
"add_fields": [
'dateAdd', 'sourceType', *MALWARE_FIELDS,
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'creationdate', 'source', *MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES,
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'cnc.url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'cnc.domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'cnc.ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'cnc.ipv4.asn', 'cnc.ipv4.countryName', 'cnc.ipv4.region',
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, *MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"compromised/imei": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'cnc.url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'cnc.domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'cnc.ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'cnc.ipv4.asn', 'cnc.ipv4.countryName', 'cnc.ipv4.region',
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, *MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'device.imei', "main_field_type": 'GIB Compromised IMEI',
"add_fields": [
'dateDetected', 'dateCompromised', 'device.model',
'client.ipv4.asn', 'client.ipv4.countryName', 'client.ipv4.region', 'client.ipv4.ip',
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'creationdate', 'gibdatecompromised', 'devicemodel', *IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, 'ipaddress',
*MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"attacks/ddos": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'cnc.url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS,
'dateBegin', 'dateEnd',
],
"add_fields_types": [
*MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES,
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource'
]
},
{
"main_field": 'cnc.domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS,
'dateBegin', 'dateEnd',
],
"add_fields_types": [
*MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES,
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource'
]
},
{
"main_field": 'cnc.ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'cnc.ipv4.asn', 'cnc.ipv4.countryName', 'cnc.ipv4.region',
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS,
'dateBegin', 'dateEnd'
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, *MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES,
*EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES,
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource'
]
},
{
"main_field": 'target.ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'GIB Victim IP',
"add_fields": [
'target.ipv4.asn', 'target.ipv4.countryName', 'target.ipv4.region',
*MALWARE_FIELDS, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS,
'dateBegin', 'dateEnd', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, *MALWARE_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES,
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"attacks/deface": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'targetDomain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'targetIp.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'targetIp.asn', 'targetIp.countryName', 'targetIp.region',
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"attacks/phishing": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
'type', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'gibphishingtype', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'phishingDomain.domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
'phishingDomain.dateRegistered', 'dateDetected', 'phishingDomain.registrar',
'phishingDomain.title', 'targetBrand', 'targetCategory', 'targetDomain',
'type', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'creationdate', 'firstseenbysource', 'registrarname',
'gibphishingtitle', 'gibtargetbrand', 'gibtargetcategory', 'gibtargetdomain',
'gibphishingtype', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'ipv4.asn', 'ipv4.countryName', 'ipv4.region', 'type', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, 'gibphishingtype', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"attacks/phishing_kit": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'emails', "main_field_type": 'Email',
"add_fields": [
'dateFirstSeen', 'dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"apt/threat": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.ipv4', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.hashes.md5', "main_field_type": 'File',
"add_fields": [
'indicators.params.name', 'indicators.params.hashes.md5', 'indicators.params.hashes.sha1',
'indicators.params.hashes.sha256', 'indicators.params.size',
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'gibfilename', 'md5', 'sha1', 'sha256', 'size',
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"hi/threat": {
"indicators":
[
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.ipv4', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
},
{
"main_field": 'indicators.params.hashes.md5', "main_field_type": 'File',
"add_fields": [
'indicators.params.name', 'indicators.params.hashes.md5', 'indicators.params.hashes.sha1',
'indicators.params.hashes.sha256', 'indicators.params.size',
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'indicators.dateFirstSeen', 'indicators.dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'gibfilename', 'md5', 'sha1', 'sha256', 'size',
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"suspicious_ip/tor_node": {
'indicators':
[
{
"main_field": 'ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'ipv4.asn', 'ipv4.countryName', 'ipv4.region',
'dateFirstSeen', 'dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"suspicious_ip/open_proxy": {
'indicators':
[
{
"main_field": 'ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'ipv4.asn', 'ipv4.countryName', 'ipv4.region', 'port', 'anonymous', 'source',
'dateFirstSeen', 'dateDetected', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, 'gibproxyport', 'gibproxyanonymous', 'source',
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"suspicious_ip/socks_proxy": {
'indicators':
[
{
"main_field": 'ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'ipv4.asn', 'ipv4.countryName', 'ipv4.region', 'dateFirstSeen',
'dateLastSeen', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
"malware/cnc": {
'indicators':
[
{
'main_field': 'url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'dateDetected', 'dateLastSeen'
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource'
]
},
{
'main_field': 'domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'dateDetected', 'dateLastSeen'
],
"add_fields_types": [
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource'
]
},
{
"main_field": 'ipv4.ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'ipv4.asn', 'ipv4.countryName', 'ipv4.region',
*THREAT_ACTOR_FIELDS, 'dateDetected', 'dateLastSeen'
],
"add_fields_types": [
*IP_COMMON_FIELD_TYPES, *THREAT_ACTOR_FIELD_TYPES, 'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource'
]
}
]
},
"osi/vulnerability": {
'indicators':
[
{
'main_field': 'id', "main_field_type": 'CVE',
"add_fields": [
'cvss.score', 'cvss.vector', 'softwareMixed',
'description', 'dateModified', 'datePublished', *EVALUATION_FIELDS
],
"add_fields_types": [
'cvss', 'gibcvssvector', 'gibsoftwaremixed',
'cvedescription', 'cvemodified', 'published', *EVALUATION_FIELD_TYPES
]
}
]
},
'ioc/common': {
'indicators':
[
{
'main_field': 'url', "main_field_type": 'URL',
"add_fields": [
'dateFirstSeen', 'dateLastSeen',
],
"add_fields_types": [
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource',
]
},
{
'main_field': 'domain', "main_field_type": 'Domain',
"add_fields": [
'dateFirstSeen', 'dateLastSeen',
],
"add_fields_types": [
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource',
]
}, {
'main_field': 'ip', "main_field_type": 'IP',
"add_fields": [
'dateFirstSeen', 'dateLastSeen',
],
"add_fields_types": [
'firstseenbysource', 'lastseenbysource',
]
}
]
}
}
class Client(BaseClient):
"""
Client will implement the service API, and should not contain any Demisto logic.
Should only do requests and return data.
"""
def create_update_generator(self, collection_name: str, date_from: str | None = None,
seq_update: int | str | None = None, limit: int = 200) -> Generator:
"""
Creates generator of lists with feeds class objects for an update session
(feeds are sorted in ascending order) `collection_name` with set parameters.
`seq_update` allows you to receive all relevant feeds. Such a request uses the seq_update parameter,
you will receive a portion of feeds that starts with the next `seq_update` parameter for the current collection.
For all feeds in the Group IB Intelligence continuous numbering is carried out.
For example, the `seq_update` equal to 1999998 can be in the `compromised/accounts` collection,
and a feed with seq_update equal to 1999999 can be in the `attacks/ddos` collection.
If item updates (for example, if new attacks were associated with existing APT by our specialists
or tor node has been detected as active again), the item gets a new parameter and it automatically rises
in the database and "becomes relevant" again.
:param collection_name: collection to update.
:param date_from: start date of update session.
:param seq_update: identification number from which to start the session.
:param limit: size of portion in iteration.
"""
while True:
session = requests.Session()
session.auth = HTTPBasicAuth(self._auth[0], self._auth[1])
session.headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
session.headers["User-Agent"] = f'SOAR/CortexSOAR/{self._auth[0]}/unknown'
params = {'df': date_from, 'limit': limit, 'seqUpdate': seq_update}
params = {key: value for key, value in params.items() if value}
portion = session.get(url=f'{self._base_url}{collection_name}/updated', params=params, timeout=60).json()
# product = f'SOAR/CortexSOAR/Username/unkown}'
# portion = self._http_request(method="GET", url_suffix=collection_name + '/updated',
# params=params, timeout=60.,
# retries=4, status_list_to_retry=[429, 500])
if portion.get("count") == 0:
break
seq_update = portion.get("seqUpdate")
date_from = None
yield portion.get('items')
def create_search_generator(self, collection_name: str, date_from: str = None,
limit: int = 200) -> Generator:
"""
Creates generator of lists with feeds for the search session
(feeds are sorted in descending order) for `collection_name` with set parameters.
:param collection_name: collection to search.
:param date_from: start date of search session.
:param limit: size of portion in iteration.
"""
result_id = None
while True:
session = requests.Session()
session.auth = HTTPBasicAuth(self._auth[0], self._auth[1])
session.headers["Accept"] = "*/*"
session.headers["User-Agent"] = f'SOAR/CortexSOAR/{self._auth[0]}/unknown'
params = {'df': date_from, 'limit': limit, 'resultId': result_id}
params = {key: value for key, value in params.items() if value}
portion = session.get(url=f'{self._base_url}{collection_name}', params=params, timeout=60).json()
# params = {'df': date_from, 'limit': limit, 'resultId': result_id}
# params = {key: value for key, value in params.items() if value}
# portion = self._http_request(method="GET", url_suffix=collection_name,
# params=params, timeout=60.,
# retries=4, status_list_to_retry=[429, 500])
if len(portion.get('items')) == 0:
break
result_id = portion.get("resultId")
date_from = None
yield portion.get('items')
def search_feed_by_id(self, collection_name: str, feed_id: str) -> dict:
"""
Searches for feed with `feed_id` in collection with `collection_name`.
:param collection_name: in what collection to search.
:param feed_id: id of feed to search.
"""
portion = self._http_request(method="GET", url_suffix=collection_name + '/' + feed_id, timeout=60.,
retries=4, status_list_to_retry=[429, 500])
return portion
def test_module(client: Client) -> str:
"""
Returning 'ok' indicates that the integration works like it is supposed to. Connection to the service is successful.
:param client: GIB_TI&A_Feed client
:return: 'ok' if test passed, anything else will fail the test.
"""
generator = client.create_update_generator(collection_name='compromised/mule', limit=10)
generator.__next__()
return 'ok'
""" Support functions """
def find_element_by_key(obj, key):
"""
Recursively finds element or elements in dict.
"""
path = key.split(".", 1)
if len(path) == 1:
if isinstance(obj, list):
return [i.get(path[0]) for i in obj]
elif isinstance(obj, dict):
return obj.get(path[0])
else:
return obj
else:
if isinstance(obj, list):
return [find_element_by_key(i.get(path[0]), path[1]) for i in obj]
elif isinstance(obj, dict):
return find_element_by_key(obj.get(path[0]), path[1])
else:
return obj
def unpack_iocs_from_list(ioc):
# type: (Union[list, str]) -> list
"""
Recursively unpacks all IOCs in one list.
"""
unpacked = []
if isinstance(ioc, list):
for i in ioc:
unpacked.extend(unpack_iocs_from_list(i))
else:
unpacked.append(ioc)
return list(unpacked)
def unpack_iocs(iocs, ioc_type, fields, fields_names, collection_name):
"""
Recursively ties together and transforms indicator data.
"""
unpacked = []
if isinstance(iocs, list):
for i, ioc in enumerate(iocs):
buf_fields = []
for field in fields:
if isinstance(field, list):
buf_fields.append(field[i])
else:
buf_fields.append(field)
unpacked.extend(unpack_iocs(ioc, ioc_type, buf_fields, fields_names, collection_name))
else:
if iocs in ['255.255.255.255', '0.0.0.0', '', None]:
return unpacked
# fields=unpack_iocs_from_list(fields)
fields_dict = {fields_names[i]: fields[i] for i in range(len(fields_names)) if fields[i] is not None}
# Transforming one certain field into a markdown table
if ioc_type == "CVE" and len(fields_dict["gibsoftwaremixed"]) != 0:
soft_mixed = fields_dict.get("gibsoftwaremixed", {})
buffer = ''
for chunk in soft_mixed:
software_name = ', '.join(chunk.get('softwareName'))
software_type = ', '.join(chunk.get('softwareType'))
software_version = ', '.join(chunk.get('softwareVersion'))
if len(software_name) != 0 or len(software_type) != 0 or len(software_version) != 0:
buffer += '| {} | {} | {} |\n'.format(software_name, software_type,
software_version.replace('||', ', '))
if len(buffer) != 0:
buffer = "| Software Name | Software Type | Software Version |\n" \
"| ------------- | ------------- | ---------------- |\n" + buffer
fields_dict["gibsoftwaremixed"] = buffer
else:
del fields_dict["gibsoftwaremixed"]
# Transforming into correct date format
for date_field in DATE_FIELDS_LIST:
if fields_dict.get(date_field):
previous_date = dateparser.parse(fields_dict.get(date_field, ""))
# previous_date = fields_dict.get(date_field, "")
if previous_date:
fields_dict[date_field] = previous_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
# fields_dict[date_field] = convert_to_timestamp(previous_date)
fields_dict.update({'gibcollection': collection_name})
raw_json = {'value': iocs, 'type': ioc_type, **fields_dict}
unpacked.append({'value': iocs, 'type': ioc_type, 'rawJSON': raw_json, 'fields': fields_dict})
return unpacked
def find_iocs_in_feed(feed: dict, collection_name: str, common_fields: dict) -> list:
"""
Finds IOCs in the feed and transform them to the appropriate format to ingest them into Demisto.
:param feed: feed from GIB TI&A.
:param collection_name: which collection this feed belongs to.
:param common_fields: fields defined by user.
"""
indicators = []
indicators_info = MAPPING.get(collection_name, {}).get('indicators', [])
for i in indicators_info:
main_field = find_element_by_key(feed, i['main_field'])
main_field_type = i['main_field_type']
add_fields = []
add_fields_list = i.get('add_fields', []) + ['id']
for j in add_fields_list:
add_fields.append(find_element_by_key(feed, j))
add_fields_types = i.get('add_fields_types', []) + ['gibid']
for field_type in COMMON_FIELD_TYPES:
if common_fields.get(field_type):
add_fields.append(common_fields.get(field_type))
add_fields_types.append(field_type)
if collection_name in ['apt/threat', 'hi/threat', 'malware/cnc']:
add_fields.append(', '.join(find_element_by_key(feed, "malwareList.name")))
add_fields_types = add_fields_types + ['gibmalwarename']
indicators.extend(unpack_iocs(main_field, main_field_type, add_fields,
add_fields_types, collection_name))
return indicators
def get_human_readable_feed(indicators: list, type_: str, collection_name: str) -> str:
headers = ['value', 'type']
for fields in MAPPING.get(collection_name, {}).get('indicators', {}):
if fields.get('main_field_type') == type_:
headers.extend(fields['add_fields_types'])
break
if collection_name in ['apt/threat', 'hi/threat', 'malware/cnc']:
headers.append('gibmalwarename')
return tableToMarkdown(f"{type_} indicators", indicators,
removeNull=True, headers=headers)
def format_result_for_manual(indicators: list) -> dict:
formatted_indicators: dict[str, Any] = {}
for indicator in indicators:
indicator = indicator.get('rawJSON')
type_ = indicator.get('type')
if type_ == 'CVE':
del indicator["gibsoftwaremixed"]
if formatted_indicators.get(type_) is None:
formatted_indicators[type_] = [indicator]
else:
formatted_indicators[type_].append(indicator)
return formatted_indicators
def handle_first_time_fetch(last_run, collection_name, first_fetch_time):
last_fetch = last_run.get('last_fetch', {}).get(collection_name)
# Handle first time fetch
date_from = None
seq_update = None
if not last_fetch:
date_from_for_mypy = dateparser.parse(first_fetch_time)
if date_from_for_mypy is None:
raise DemistoException('Inappropriate indicators_first_fetch format, '
'please use something like this: 2020-01-01 or January 1 2020 or 3 days')
date_from = date_from_for_mypy.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
else:
seq_update = last_fetch
return date_from, seq_update
""" Commands """
def fetch_indicators_command(client: Client, last_run: dict, first_fetch_time: str,
indicator_collections: list, requests_count: int,
common_fields: dict) -> tuple[dict, list]:
"""
This function will execute each interval (default is 1 minute).
:param client: GIB_TI&A_Feed client.
:param last_run: the greatest sequpdate we fetched from last fetch.
:param first_fetch_time: if last_run is None then fetch all incidents since first_fetch_time.
:param indicator_collections: list of collections enabled by client.
:param requests_count: count of requests to API per collection.
:param common_fields: fields defined by user.
:return: next_run will be last_run in the next fetch-indicators; indicators will be created in Demisto.
"""
indicators = []
next_run: dict[str, dict[str, int | Any]] = {"last_fetch": {}}
tags = common_fields.pop("tags", [])
for collection_name in indicator_collections:
date_from, seq_update = handle_first_time_fetch(last_run=last_run, collection_name=collection_name,
first_fetch_time=first_fetch_time)
generator = client.create_update_generator(collection_name=collection_name,
date_from=date_from, seq_update=seq_update)
k = 0
for portion in generator:
for feed in portion:
seq_update = feed.get('seqUpdate')
indicators.extend(find_iocs_in_feed(feed, collection_name, common_fields))
k += 1
if k >= requests_count:
break
if tags:
for indicator in indicators:
indicator["fields"].update({"tags": tags})
indicator["rawJSON"].update({"tags": tags})
next_run['last_fetch'][collection_name] = seq_update
return next_run, indicators
def get_indicators_command(client: Client, args: dict[str, str]):
"""
Returns limited portion of indicators to War Room.
:param client: GIB_TI&A_Feed client.
:param args: arguments, provided by client.
"""
id_, collection_name = args.get('id'), args.get('collection', '')
indicators = []
raw_json = None
try:
limit = int(args.get('limit', '50'))
if limit > 50:
raise Exception('A limit should be lower than 50.')
except ValueError:
raise Exception('A limit should be a number, not a string.')
if collection_name not in MAPPING.keys():
raise Exception('Incorrect collection name. Please, choose one of the displayed options.')
if not id_:
generator = client.create_search_generator(collection_name=collection_name, limit=limit)
for portion in generator:
for feed in portion:
indicators.extend(find_iocs_in_feed(feed, collection_name, {}))
if len(indicators) >= limit:
indicators = indicators[:limit]
break
if len(indicators) >= limit:
break
else:
raw_json = client.search_feed_by_id(collection_name=collection_name, feed_id=id_)
indicators.extend(find_iocs_in_feed(raw_json, collection_name, {}))
if len(indicators) >= limit:
indicators = indicators[:limit]
formatted_indicators = format_result_for_manual(indicators)
results = []
for type_, indicator in formatted_indicators.items():
results.append(CommandResults(
readable_output=get_human_readable_feed(indicator, type_, collection_name),
raw_response=raw_json,
ignore_auto_extract=True
))
return results
def main(): # pragma: no cover
"""
PARSE AND VALIDATE INTEGRATION PARAMS
"""
params = demisto.params()
username = params.get('credentials').get('identifier')
password = params.get('credentials').get('password')
proxy = params.get('proxy', False)
verify_certificate = not params.get('insecure', False)
base_url = str(params.get("url"))
indicator_collections = params.get('indicator_collections', [])
indicators_first_fetch = params.get('indicators_first_fetch', '3 days').strip()
requests_count = int(params.get('requests_count', 2))
args = demisto.args()
command = demisto.command()
LOG(f'Command being called is {command}')
try:
client = Client(
base_url=base_url,
verify=verify_certificate,
auth=(username, password),
proxy=proxy,
headers={
"Accept": "*/*",
"User-Agent": f"SOAR/CortexSOAR/{username}/unknown"
})
commands = {'gibtia-get-indicators': get_indicators_command}
if command == 'test-module':
# This is the call made when pressing the integration Test button.
result = test_module(client)
demisto.results(result)
elif command == 'fetch-indicators':
# Set and define the fetch incidents command to run after activated via integration settings.
common_fields = {
'trafficlightprotocol': params.get("tlp_color"),
'tags': argToList(params.get("feedTags")),
}
next_run, indicators = fetch_indicators_command(client=client, last_run=get_integration_context(),
first_fetch_time=indicators_first_fetch,
indicator_collections=indicator_collections,
requests_count=requests_count,
common_fields=common_fields)
set_integration_context(next_run)
for b in batch(indicators, batch_size=2000):
demisto.createIndicators(b) # type: ignore
else:
return_results(commands[command](client, args))
# Log exceptions
except Exception as e:
return_error(f'Failed to execute {demisto.command()} command. Error: {str(e)}')
if __name__ in ('__main__', '__builtin__', 'builtins'):
main()
``` |
La Faloise is a railway station located in the commune of La Faloise in the Somme department, France. It is served by TER Hauts-de-France trains from Creil to Amiens. Its elevation is 85 m.
It was first opened on 20 June 1846, when the Paris-Amiens section of the Paris–Lille railway was opened.
The monument
The monument located on the platform facing Paris commemorates the fatal accident that occurred on 20 September 1910. Three employees of the Compagnie du Nord, Jean Hein, Adolphe Cras and Alcide Foy, were killed as they were hit by a fast train.
Gallery
See also
List of SNCF stations in Hauts-de-France
References
Railway stations in Somme (department)
Railway stations in France opened in 1846 |
Ram Lallu Vaishya is an Indian politician from the Bhartiya Janata Party. He was elected as the Member of Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh (MLA) from Singrauli constituency in the 2018 polls. He won 4000 approximately votes defeating his immediate rival Renu Shah of Indian National Congress.
References
Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2013–2018
People from Singrauli district
Living people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Edwin Niblock Lightfoot, Jr. (September 25, 1925 – October 2, 2017) was an American chemical engineer and Hilldale Professor Emeritus in the department of chemical and biological engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is known for his research in transport phenomena, including biological mass-transfer processes, mass-transport reaction modeling, and separations processes. He, along with R. Byron Bird and Warren E. Stewart, co-authored the classic textbook Transport Phenomena. In 1974 Lightfoot wrote Transport Phenomena and Living Systems: Biomedical Aspects of Momentum and Mass Transport. He was the recipient of the 2004 National Medal of Science in Engineering Sciences.
Education and career
Lightfoot received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from Cornell University in 1947 and 1950. After graduation he worked as a junior engineer at General Foods in Hoboken, New Jersey. His Ph.D. thesis (Gasification of Coke) was supported by the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company. After graduate school he worked for Pfizer & Co in Brooklyn where he received US Patent US2787578 A for his development of a commercial process for recovering and purifying vitamin B12.
He began his teaching career at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1953. There he co-authored Transport Phenomena with his colleagues R. Byron Bird and Warren E. Stewart. This first edition of this book was in print for 41 years and was translated into five languages. A second edition followed in 2001. In 1974, Lightfoot wrote Transport Phenomena and Living Systems: Biomedical Aspects of Momentum and Mass Transport.
Lightfoot was the Hilldale Professor of Chemical Engineering, and upon his retirement in 1996, Hilldale Professor Emeritus in the department of chemical and biological engineering, as the department was renamed. His research interests were in the development of improved separation processes and controlling the dynamics of biological systems. In later life, he turned his attention to ways of developing scientifically informed intuition in bioengineers (in particular quantum biology).
Lightfoot was an inventor, holding US patents US2996430A for synthetic ion exchange resin recovery of vitamin b12 (Pfizer), US3094936A for fuel cell for sump pumps (A. O. Smith), US7141171 for membrane cascade-based separation (2006), and an additional patent with Michael Cochrem for membrane cascade-based separation, a counter flow cascade system that features a novel separation technique.
Awards and honors
Lightfoot was a 2004 recipient of the National Medal of Science, awarded by President George W. Bush "for his innovative research and leadership in transport phenomena focusing on biochemical and biomedical engineering with application to blood oxygenation, bioseparation techniques, and diabetic responses."
As emeritus in 1996 Lightfoot received the AICHE Keynote Speaker Award, for which he delivered the keynote speech at a convention in Chicago that year.
Lightfoot was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992. He was elected to the membership of both the National Academy of Engineering for "Contributions to mass transfer and separation processes, and research on quantitative design procedures in biochemical and biomedical engineering" in 1979 and the National Academy of Sciences in 1995. He was one of three members to be elected to both academies. He was a Founding Fellow of the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering (1992).
He was awarded the AIChE's William Walker Award for contributions to chemical engineering literature (1985) and its Warren K. Lewis Award for Chemical Engineering Education (1991).
In 1985, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Trondheim (formerly Norwegian Institute of Technology and now the Norwegian University of Science and Technology), where he had worked on a Fulbright Research Scholarship in 1962. In 2000, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Danish Technical University (DTU).
In the spring of 2016, the University of Wisconsin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering hosted qbio 2016, a symposium in honor of Lightfoot's 90th birthday.
Books
Lightfoot is the co-author of several influential books in transport phenomena, including the classic textbook Transport Phenomena, which was translated into many languages, including Spanish, Italian, Czech, Russian, and Chinese.
Transport Phenomena
Transport Phenomena in Living Systems: Biomedical Aspects of Momentum and Mass Transport
References
1925 births
2017 deaths
Engineering academics
American chemical engineers
Fluid dynamicists
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
National Medal of Science laureates
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering |
During the Parade of Nations within the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, which took place on 23 July 2021, athletes and officials from each participating team entered the Olympic Stadium preceded by their flag and placard bearer. Each flag bearer will have been chosen either by the team's National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves. For the first time, each team had the option to allow two flag bearers, one male and one female, in an effort to promote gender equality.
These Olympics were postponed from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and due security measures some countries prevented their athletes to participate on event.
Parade order
As the originator of the Olympics, the Greek team entered first, followed by the IOC Refugee Olympic Team, composed of refugees from several countries. The United States entered antepenultimately as the host of Los Angeles 2028, France entered penultimately as the host of Paris 2024, and finally the host nation Japan entered last. Despite Australia having recently been awarded as the host of Brisbane 2032 exactly 11 years later, Australia entered in its natural position in the Japanese language order between El Salvador and Austria. All other teams entered in between in order, based on the names of countries in Japanese. The names of the teams were announced in French, English, and Japanese, the official languages of the Olympic movement and the host nation, in accordance with Olympic Charter and International Olympic Committee (IOC) guidelines.
The Republic of North Macedonia had previously competed under the provisional name of Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, because of the disputed status of its official name. It was officially renamed to North Macedonia in February 2019 and the Olympic Committee of North Macedonia (NMOC) was officially adopted in February 2020. It was North Macedonia's first appearance at the Summer Olympics under its new name.
Several of the nations marched under their formal Japanese names. For example, the Great Britain delegation marched under the formal name ("United Kingdom") rather than the better known informal (), and China's delegation marched under ("People's Republic of China") instead of the more common ().
Teams and flagbearers
On 4 March 2020, the IOC announced that each team can have the option to allow two flag bearers, one male and one female, in an effort to promote gender equality.
Below is a list of parading teams and their announced flag bearer(s), in the same order as the parade. This is sortable by team name, flag bearer's name, and flag bearer's sport. This was the first time the Parade of Nations was conducted in Japanese order.
Notes
Taiwan (Chinese Taipei)'s parade entrance
Multiple Taiwanese media outlets, as well as Japanese lawmaker Akihisa Nagashima, reported that the Taiwan (Chinese Taipei) delegation had been specially ordered within the parade so that they would march under for either "Taiwan" or ambiguously "Chinese Taipei" rather than or for "Chinese Taipei". However, it would have done this regardless of special ordering, as Chinese Taipei has paraded under "T" or its equivalent in every Parade of Nations language other than Chinese (including, for example, PyeongChang 2018 and Seoul 1988).
NHK, the opening ceremony's official Japanese broadcaster, also specially commented "It's Taiwan!" ( ) after the stadium announcers finished announcing the name "Chinese Taipei", which also received attention from Taiwanese media.
Music
Musical pieces for the Parade of Nations were selected from several video game soundtracks created in Japan. These selections included themes from Square Enix's Dragon Quest, Final Fantasy, SaGa, Nier, Chrono Trigger, and Kingdom Hearts, Bandai Namco's Tales series, Soulcalibur, and Ace Combat, Capcom's Monster Hunter, Konami's Pro Evolution Soccer and Gradius, and Sega Sammy's Sonic the Hedgehog and Phantasy Star.
See also
2020 Summer Paralympics Parade of Nations
1964 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations, also in Tokyo, Japan.
1998 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations
References
External links
2021 in video gaming
2020 Summer Olympics
Lists of Olympic flag bearers
Parades in Japan |
Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 War on May 18, 1948, during the second stage of Operation Barak. It was located 30 km northeast of Gaza city. It was one of three namesake villages, alongside Al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya and Al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya.
History
Remains of a winepress and a hypocausts, belonging to a bathhouse, both dating to the late Roman era, have been excavated here.
Two cemeteries from the Byzantine era, together with many ceramic remains from fifth–seventh centuries CE have been excavated. Two pool areas, building remains, and parts of a potter's wheel, all dating to the Byzantine era have also been found. A Greek inscription has been found on a limestone slab, and the remains of a wall, with numerous pottery sherds, dating to the Byzantine period (fifth–sixth centuries CE).
12 century Crusader church endowments and land deeds mention Latin settlement in Zeophir/al-Sawāfīr. However, it is not clear which village of three Sawafirs these records pertain to.
Pottery sherds from the Mamluk era has also been found.
Ottoman era
Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with the rest of Palestine, and by the 1596 Daftar, the village formed part nahiya (subdistrict) of Gaza under the liwa' (district) of Gaza with a population of 43 households, or an estimated 237 people. All were Muslims. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, as well as on goats, beehives; a total of 8,500 Akçe.
In 1838 the three Sawafir villages were noted located in the Gaza district. The western village was noted as "in ruins or deserted,” while the two others were noted as being Muslim.
In 1863 Victor Guérin found in this village a koubbeh consecrated to a Sheikh Muhammed. He noted that many antique building blocks were used in this sanctuary.
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as one of three Suafir adobe villages. Each had small gardens and wells.
British Mandate era
According to the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya had a population of 572 inhabitants, all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census when it had an all-Muslim population of 723 in 134 houses.
By the 1945 statistics, this had increased to 1,030 Muslims, with a total of 7,523 dunams of land. Of this, 585 dunums were for plantations or irrigable land, 6,663 dunums were for cereals, while 585 dunams were classified as un-cultivable land.
al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya had shared a school with the other two Sawafir villages, and in 1945 it had an enrollment of about 280.
1948 and aftermath
In early May, 1948, the inhabitants of the three Al-Sawafir villages were ordered not to flee, by the Al-Majdal National Committee.
On May 18, the Givati Brigade for a second time conquered Al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya together with Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya. Their operational orders were: "To conquer the villages, to cleanse them of inhabitants (women and children should [also] be expelled), to take several prisoners....[and] to burn the greatest number of houses." The Givati troops torched and blew up several houses, however, after they withdrew, the Palestinian villagers returned. At the 23 May 1948, Israeli reports say that at all the three Al-Sawafir villages the inhabitants slept in the fields at night, but returned to work in the villages by day. By late June, both Al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya and Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya were again "full of Arabs."
Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel, with the villages of Merkaz Shapira and Masu'ot Yitzhak established on Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya land.
References
Bibliography
Nasser, G.A. (1955–1973): "Memoirs" in Journal of Palestine Studies
" “Memoirs of the First Palestine War” in 2, no. 2 (Win. 73): 3–32, pdf-file, downloadable
External links
Welcome To al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya
al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya, Zochrot
Survey of Western Palestine, Map 16: IAA, Wikimedia commons
al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
District of Gaza |
Formally constituted in , Central Power Engineering Service (CPES) is a Group-A & Group- B Central Engineering Services under the administrative control of Ministry of Power (MoP) in India. CPES is the only organized Service under Ministry of Power. It deals with Indian Power sector which is one of the most complex and diverse in the world owing to vast geography, terrains, climatic condition, natural resources available in India.
Recruitment
CPES officers are recruited for the Group-A & Group-B posts on the basis of Engineering Services Examination (ESE) conducted annually by Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Total Sanctioned Cadres strength of the cadre is 541; with Group A strength of 432 and Gr B with 109.
Training
CPES Officers are provided training at Induction level at National Power Training Institute (NPTI) Faridabad for a period of minimum 34 weeks covering various modules on the subjects/ areas like Regulations, Thermal Power, Hydro Power, Transmission, Load dispatch, Renewable, Secretariat training on office procedures and Management training etc. On Job Training is also conducted at Thermal Power Stations, Hydro Power Stations, Sub Stations, Transmission lines, Load Dispatch Centres, Solar Power Parks, Wind Power Stations at various locations in the country. NPTI has been designated as Cadre Training Institute for CPES.
Allocation of Wing/Division/Circle/other units to officers
A candidate recommended by UPSC reports to Central Electricity Authority after his/her allocation to Central Power Engineering Service, to join at the post of Assistant Director/ Assistant Executive Engineer. CEA is an attached office
of Ministry of Power and statutory body under the Electricity Act 2003. CEA formulates technical standards of Indian power sector. Ministry invariably seeks advice of CEA almost in all techno-economic matters. Further, some of the officers at various levels are posted at Ministry of Power (main), four Regional Power Survey Offices (RPSOs), five Regional Power Committees (RPCs) and five Regional Inspectorate Offices (RIOs) located at New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Kolkata and Shillong. CPES has encadred SAG level posts (Board Members) at Krishna River Management Board (KRMB), Godavari River Management Board (GRMB) and Polavaram Project Authority (PPA) with postings at Hyderabad.
Role of Officers
CPES officers play versatile roles, amidst growing challenges, for the development and management of Power Sector of the country.
Some of these are as follows
1. Formulation of National Electricity Plan and National Electricity Policy
2. Thermal Project Monitoring
3. Hydro Power Engineering and Development
4. Hydro Project Concurrence and monitoring
5. Thermal Power Engineering and Technology Development
6. Transmission Planning, appraisal and Monitoring
7. Power System Engineering and Technology Development
8. Management of country's resources pertaining to Power Sector
9. Research and Development in Power Sector
10. Providing technical advice to Central Govt, State Govts, Electricity Regulatory Commissions (CERC and SERCs) and other agencies in the Power Sector
11. Distribution Planning, Development and Monitoring
12. Grid management and formulating various regulation for Power Sector
13. Strive to provide affordable and quality power for all
Career Progression
According to 2015 Recruitment Rules of CPES cadre an officer inducted at Group ‘A’ is expected to put in minimum 4 years of service at JTS level, and 5 years at STS level before his/her promotion to the level of Junior Administrative Grade/ Non Functional Selection Grade (JAG/ NFSG) level.
Officers recruited at Group ‘B’ level need to serve minimum 2 regular years to be eligible for promotion to Group ‘A’ level.
The Career Progression framework has been shown in the table below:
During their tenure at Junior Time Scale (JTS) and Senior Time Scale (STS) level, the officers develop requisite competencies for greater responsibilities at JAG/ NFSG level. A CPES officer may further be promoted to the level of Senior Administrative Grade (SAG) and Higher Administrative Grade (HAG) level after putting in a minimum of 17 years and 25 years of Gr. A service respectively subject to other terms and conditions. There is practically no stagnation at most of the levels in CPES Cadre and promotion takes place at regular intervals.
Further, pay parity with two years junior batch IAS officers, who are on central posting, is ensured for CPES officers with Non-Functional Upgradation (NFU).
CPES is among 38 Central Civil Services eligible for participation in Central Staffing Scheme (CSS) Deputation which provides opportunities to officers to serve in various Ministries of Central govt like MHA, MoD, MoCA, MoC, MEA, DPE, etc.
Officers also go on deputation to various State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs), Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC), Appellate Tribunal of Electricity (APTEL), etc. during the service and post retirement as Members as well.
References
Indian Engineering Services |
This is a list of ukulele players. These musicians and bands are well known for playing the ukulele as their primary instrument and have an associated linked Wikipedia article. It is not intended for everyone that can play the instrument.
A
Danielle Anderson (aka Danielle Ate the Sandwich)
Zee Avi
B
Sara Bareilles
Jim Beloff
Jón Þór Birgisson, more commonly known as Jónsi
Petty Booka
May Singhi Breen
Joe Brown
Sam Brown
C
Graeme Cairns
Dan "Soupy" Campbell
Billy "Uke" Carpenter
Jason Castro
Ryan Choi
Jacob Collier
Zach Condon (Beirut)
Frank Crumit
Albert "Sonny" Cunha
Cavetown
D
J. Chalmers Doane
Zooey Deschanel
E
Andy Eastwood
Billie Eilish
Cliff Edwards ("Ukulele Ike")
F
Wayne Federman
Tom Fletcher
George Formby Jr.
G
Merrill Garbus
Taimane Gardner
Orla Gartland
Imua Garza (Opihi Pickers)
Arthur Godfrey
Roger Greenawalt
H
Wendell Hall
George Harrison
Greg Hawkes
The Hazzards
James Hill
Daniel Ho
Don Ho
Sol Hoʻopiʻi
Honoka & Azita
I
Ingrid Michaelson
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
J
Aidan James
Joji, mostly only in his earlier works
Tyler Joseph
K
Ernest Ka'ai
Kaʻau Crater Boys
Harry Kalahiki
Eddie Kamae
Israel Kamakawiwoʻole
Queen Lili'uokalani Kamakaʻeha
Kaplan Kaye
Buster Keaton
Genoa Keawe
John King
The King Blues
Richard W. Konter
Stanley King
L
Gabby La La
Langley Ukulele Ensemble
John Lennon
Molly Lewis
Malcolm Lowry
LP
M
William H. Macy
Sophie Madeleine
Dent May
Paul McCartney
Nellie McKay
Kate Micucci
Bette Midler
Joni Mitchell
Peter Moon
Bina Mossman
Jason Mraz
mxmtoon
N
King Ben Nawahi
New York Ukulele Ensemble
Noah and the Whale
Julia Nunes
O
Yōko Oginome
Herb Ohta
Tessie O'Shea
Erlend Øye
P
Amanda Palmer
Elvis Presley
Age Pryor
R
Lil' Rev
Lyle Ritz
Gerald Ross
S
Buffy Sainte-Marie
Roy Sakuma
Luthea Salom
Max Schneider
Billy "Uke" Scott
Peter Sellers
Christopher Sembroski
Jake Shimabukuro
Frank Sinatra
Frank Skinner
Roy Smeck
Rebecca Sugar
Jimmy Stafford (Train)
Sarah Stiles
Heidi Swedberg
Taylor Swift
T
Bill Tapia
Tiny Tim
Rachel Trachtenburg
Ayano Tsuji
Tiki King
U
Ukulele Orchestra of Great Britain
V
Eddie Vedder (Pearl Jam)
Grace VanderWaal
Victoria Vox
Vance Joy
W
Walk Off the Earth
Wild Child
Wellington International Ukulele Orchestra
Ian Whitcomb
Patrick Wolf
See also
Lists of musicians
References
Ukulele |
The Grenade, Rifle No. 68 / Anti-Tank was a British anti-tank rifle grenade used during the Second World War and was one of the first operational weapons to utilise the shaped charge principle.
Design
British research into shaped charges in the inter-war period brought about some useful progress but did not result in any weapons. Development of the grenade started in late 1939, after a demonstration arranged for a British military commission of a series of anti-tank rifle grenades and artillery warheads at the Swiss Army Proving Ground at Thun in Switzerland, which had been designed by Henry Mohaupt. Guessing that Mohaupt's weapons were using the hollow charge principle, the British abandoned negotiations and began development of a rifle grenade based on their own previous work.
The No. 68 has some claim to have been the first high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) device in use. The design of the warhead was simple and was capable of penetrating of armour.
The fuze of the grenade was armed by removing a pin in the tail which prevented the firing pin from flying forward. The grenade was launched from a rifle cup. The simple fins gave it some stability in the air and, provided the grenade hit the target at the proper angle (90 degrees), the charge would be effective. Detonation occurred on impact, when a striker in the tail of the grenade overcame the resistance of a creep spring and was thrown forward into a stab detonator.
The grenade was fired, as was the No. 36M Mills bomb, from a specially adapted Lee-Enfield Rifle No. 1 EY, often converted from a rifle that was unfit for general use and had been marked "DP" for drill purpose. The "EY" suffix (for "EmergencY") indicated that it should be used to fire standard "ball" ammunition only in an emergency situation. The converted rifles were strengthened by adding an extra bolt to secure the breech mechanism to the stock, and by a cord binding which was fastened around the forestock. A special Ballistite high-explosive cartridge was required to propel the grenade. The grenade itself was held in place by the discharger cup No. 1 Mk I. With the weapon's introduction into Home Guard use, the Adaptor No. 1 and the Discharger No. 2 Mk I were introduced, which allowed grenades to be launched from the M1917 Enfield rifle with which they were equipped, although a contemporary manual warned that rifles used for that purpose were likely to be "somewhat spoilt as a precision weapon".
Service
The No. 68 grenade entered service with the British Army in November 1940. However, it proved to be not much better than the inadequate Boys anti-tank rifle and could not be improved as the size of the explosive charge was limited by the diameter of the discharger cup. It was introduced into service with the Home Guard in February 1941 and was retained until the force stood-down in 1944.
References
External links
The Home Guard Pocket Manual, by Capt. A. Southworth, M.B.E., p49-50: description of the No. 68 AT Grenade, use and diagram.
World War II infantry weapons of the United Kingdom
World War II grenades of the United Kingdom
Anti-tank grenades
Rifle grenades
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1940 |
The Staatstheater Meiningen (State Theatre Meiningen), also called the Meiningen Theatre, is a four-division theater in the Thuringian town of Meiningen, Germany. The theater was founded in 1831 and was called ″Meininger Hoftheater″ (Meiningen Court Theatre) until 1920.
The theatre offers music theatre (opera, operetta, musicals), drama, concerts and puppet theatre. The programme is further enhanced by the inclusion of ballet performances produced and performed by Landestheater Eisenach. The orchestra affiliated with the theatre is the Meininger Hofkapelle (Meiningen Court Orchestra). Until 2017, the theatre operated as "Südthüringisches Staatstheater" (South Thuringian State Theatre) before changing its name to "Meininger Staatstheater" (Meiningen State Theatre) and 2021 to ″Staatstheater Meiningen″ (State Theatre Meiningen). It is jointly funded by the state, city and county of Schmalkalden-Meiningen under the umbrella of the Cultural Foundation Meiningen-Eisenach, Thuringia.
Meiningen is the birthplace of the modern director's theatre which was famously promoted by the theatre's acting ensemble - dubbed as "Die Meininger" – under the direction of Duke George II during guest appearances throughout Europe in the years 1874 to 1890. They also say: no Hollywood without Meiningen. Between 1880 and 1914, the Meininger Hofkapelle was conducted by Hans von Bülow, Richard Strauss, Wilhelm Berger and Max Reger and as a guest by Johannes Brahms.
To this day, this tradition, its history and further successes has secured the Meininger Theater a special place in the theatre world. The theater is so important for the city that Meiningen is also called a "Theaterstadt" (theater city).
References
External links
State Theatre Meiningen website
Culture in Meiningen
Theatres in Germany |
The Parish of Nocoleche is a cadastral parish of Ularara County in north western New South Wales.
Climate
The climate is semi-arid, featuring low rainfall, very hot summer temperatures and cool nights in winter. The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).
However, the Paroo River at this point has a number of wetlands, which makes the parish somewhat of an oasis in the otherwise arid landscape.
History
The traditional owners of the Paroo River area are the Budjair, Kunja and Mardgany in the north and the Paruntiji, meaning people belonging to the Paroo, in the south. Aboriginal people are known to have lived along the Paroo for at least 14,000 years (Robins, 1999).
The Burke and Wills expedition were the first Europeans to the area, passing a few miles to the west.
Graziers came as squatters to the Paroo in the 1840s. They met resistance from the Aboriginal land owners, and tensions in the area continued well into the 1860s. From the 1850s however a shortage of white labour caused by the exodus to the gold fields saw many in the Aboriginal communities join the pastoral workforce. Aboriginal people continued to be a significant part of this work force for many decades whilst still maintaining their cultural traditions and attending local and regional ceremonies until the 1910s. From the 1920s however, Aboriginal people began to be forcibly removed from
their land by government policy.
From the 1880s to the 1910 drought, overstocking and rabbit infestation led to massive damage to land, soil and native plants and animals.
In 1978 the parish was incorporated into the Nocoleche Nature Reserve.
These Paroo River Wetlands are today an important site under the Ramsar Convention.
References
Sources
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Parishes of Ularara County
Far West (New South Wales) |
```sqlpl
-- +migrate Up
CREATE TABLE asset_stats (
id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES history_assets ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT,
amount BIGINT NOT NULL,
num_accounts INTEGER NOT NULL,
flags SMALLINT NOT NULL,
toml VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL
);
CREATE INDEX asset_by_code ON history_assets USING btree (asset_code);
-- +migrate Down
DROP TABLE asset_stats cascade;
``` |
Carlos Enrique Salazar (1924 – unknown), was a Guatemalan chess player, three times Guatemalan Chess Championship winner (1941, 1943, 1944).
Biography
From the late 1930s to the late 1940s, Carlos Enrique Salazar was one of Guatemala's leading chess players He won Guatemalan Chess Championships in 1941, 1943, and 1944.
Carlos Enrique Salazar played for Guatemala in the Chess Olympiad:
In 1939, at fourth board in the 8th Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires (+4, =4, -7).
References
External links
1924 births
Year of death missing
Guatemalan chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
20th-century chess players |
Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College, Mahe, (MGGAC Mahe, French: Collège des arts du gouvernement Mahatma Gandhi) is a general degree college located in Chalakkara, Mahé, Puducherry. It was established in the year 1970. The college is affiliated with Pondicherry University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce, and science.
Departments
Department of Physics
Department of Chemistry
Department of Mathematics
Department of Zoology
PG Department of Botany
Department of Computer Science
Department of Commerce
Department of Economics
Department of English
PG Department of Hindi
Department of Malayalam
Accreditation
The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
Notable alumni
Late. Kodiyeri Balakrishnan, Politician, Former Minister of Home Affairs State of Kerala
Ramesh Parambath, Politician, Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly
References
External links
Mahatma Gandhi Government Arts College, Mahe - official website
MGGAC Mahe on the Mahe district website
Universities and colleges in Puducherry
Educational institutions established in 1970
1970 establishments in Pondicherry
Colleges affiliated to Pondicherry University |
Spiraculata is an order of Blastoids. These blastoids are characterized by indirect entrance to the hydrospires through canals by way of pores.
Genera
Acentrotremites
Ambolostoma
Arcuoblastus
Auloblastus
Belocrinus
Calycoblastus
Carpenteroblastus
Conuloblastus
Cordyloblastus
Costatoblastus
Cribroblastus
Cryptoblastus
Decemoblastus
Deliablastus
Deltoblastus
Dentiblastus
Devonoblastus,
Diploblastus
Doryblastus
Elaeacrinus
Eleutherocrinus
Ellipticoblastus
Euryoblastus
Globoblastus
Gongyloblastus
Granatocrinus
Heteroblastus
Houiblastus
Iranoblastus
Kadiskoblastus
Lophoblastus
Malchiblastus
Metablastus
Monadoblastus
Monoblastus
Monoschizablastus
Montanablastus
Nodoblastus
Nucleocrinus
Orbiblastus
Orbitremites
Pentephyllum
Pentremites
Pentremoblastus
Perittoblastus
Placoblastus
Poroblastus
Ptychoblastus
Pyramiblastus
Rhopaloblastus
Schizoblastidae
Schizoblastus
Schizotremites
Sinopetaloblastus
Strongyloblastus
Tanablastus
Tricoelocrinus
Troosticrinus
Uyguroblastus
Xinjiangoblastus
Xyeleblastus
References
Blastozoa
Prehistoric animal orders
Echinoderm orders |
The 2013–14 Eredivisie season is the 54th season of the Eredivisie ice hockey league. Six Dutch teams and one Belgian team are taking part in the season.
In the months following the 2012-2013 season, the Amsterdam G's dropped out of the league after a troubled year financially and a last-place record. The Dordrecht Lions, perennial competitors in the Dutch amateur level "First Division" (Eerste Divisie) joined the league to bring the total number of teams back to seven.
The traditional first game (known as the "Ron Berteling Bowl"), was played on 30 September between the winner of the Dutch Cup and the winner of the Dutch championship from the previous year. The 7-team, 36-game regular season will be followed by a playoff of the top 4 teams (a best-of five semi-final and a best-of-five final).
Regular season
(*) The Noptra Eaters Geleen had two points deducted.
Playoffs
References
External links
Results at official website
Ne
Eredivisie (ice hockey) seasons
Ere
Ere |
Guarcello Peak () is a peak, high, located south-southeast of Mount Dolence in the Enterprise Hills of the Heritage Range in Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1961 to 1966, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Dominic Guarcello, a meteorologist at Little America V Station in 1958. Guarcello Peak was first successfully climbed on December 23, 2011, by Simon Abrahams, Ralf Laier and Todd Passey.
See also
Mountains in Antarctica
References
Mountains of Ellsworth Land |
NetTop is an NSA project to run Multiple Single-Level systems with a Security-Enhanced Linux host running VMware with Windows as a guest operating system.
NetTop has .
External links
NSA web page on NetTop
VMware PR page on NetTop
HP NetTop web page
TCS Trusted Workstation based on NetTop
Linux security software
National Security Agency operations |
Mosty is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately east of Żytno, south-east of Radomsko, and south of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Villages in Radomsko County |
Color superconductivity is a phenomenon where matter carries color charge without loss, on analogy to the way conventional superconductors can carry electric charge without loss. Color superconductivity is predicted to occur in quark matter if the baryon density is sufficiently high (i.e., well above the density and energies of an atomic nucleus) and the temperature is not too high (well below 1012 kelvins). Color superconducting phases are to be contrasted with the normal phase of quark matter, which is just a weakly interacting Fermi liquid of quarks.
In theoretical terms, a color superconducting phase is a state in which the quarks near the Fermi surface become correlated in Cooper pairs, which condense. In phenomenological terms, a color superconducting phase breaks some of the symmetries of the underlying theory, and has a very different spectrum of excitations and very different transport properties from the normal phase.
Description
Analogy with superconducting metals
It is well known that at low temperature many metals become superconductors. A metal can be viewed in part as a Fermi liquid of electrons, and below a critical temperature, an attractive phonon-mediated interaction between the electrons near the Fermi surface causes them to pair up and form a condensate of Cooper pairs, which via the Anderson–Higgs mechanism makes the photon massive, leading to characteristic behaviors of a superconductor: infinite conductivity and the exclusion of magnetic fields (Meissner effect). The crucial ingredients for this to occur are:
a liquid of charged fermions.
an attractive interaction between the fermions
low temperature (below the critical temperature)
These ingredients are also present in sufficiently dense quark matter, leading physicists to expect that something similar will happen in that context:
quarks carry both electric charge and color charge;
the strong interaction between two quarks is powerfully attractive;
the critical temperature is expected to be given by the QCD scale, which is of order 100 MeV, or 1012 kelvins, the temperature of the universe a few minutes after the Big Bang, so quark matter that we may currently observe in compact stars or other natural settings will be below this temperature.
The fact that a Cooper pair of quarks carries a net color charge, as well as a net electric charge, means that some of the gluons (which mediate the strong interaction just as photons mediate electromagnetism) become massive in a phase with a condensate of quark Cooper pairs, so such a phase is called a "color superconductor". Actually, in many color superconducting phases the photon itself does not become massive, but mixes with one of the gluons to yield a new massless "rotated photon". This is an MeV-scale echo of the mixing of the hypercharge and W3 bosons that originally yielded the photon at the TeV scale of electroweak symmetry breaking.
Diversity of color superconducting phases
Unlike an electrical superconductor, color-superconducting quark matter comes in many varieties, each of which is a separate phase of matter. This is because quarks, unlike electrons, come in many species. There are three different colors (red, green, blue) and in the core of a compact star we expect three different flavors (up, down, strange), making nine species in all. Thus in forming the Cooper pairs there is a 9×9 color-flavor matrix of possible pairing patterns. The differences between these patterns are very physically significant: different patterns break different symmetries of the underlying theory, leading to different excitation spectra and different transport properties.
It is very hard to predict which pairing patterns will be favored in nature. In principle this question could be decided by a QCD calculation, since QCD is the theory that fully describes the strong interaction. In the limit of infinite density, where the strong interaction becomes weak because of asymptotic freedom, controlled calculations can be performed, and it is known that the favored phase in three-flavor quark matter is the color-flavor-locked phase. But at the densities that exist in nature these calculations are unreliable, and the only known alternative is the brute-force computational approach of lattice QCD, which unfortunately has a technical difficulty (the "sign problem") that renders it useless for calculations at high quark density and low temperature.
Physicists are currently pursuing the following lines of research on color superconductivity:
Performing calculations in the infinite density limit, to get some idea of the behavior at one edge of the phase diagram.
Performing calculations of the phase structure down to medium density using a highly simplified model of QCD, the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model, which is not a controlled approximation, but is expected to yield semi-quantitative insights.
Writing down an effective theory for the excitations of a given phase, and using it to calculate the physical properties of that phase.
Performing astrophysical calculations, using NJL models or effective theories, to see if there are observable signatures by which one could confirm or rule out the presence of specific color superconducting phases in nature (i.e. in compact stars: see next section).
Possible occurrence in nature
The only known place in the universe where the baryon density might possibly be high enough to produce quark matter, and the temperature is low enough for color superconductivity to occur, is the core of a compact star (often called a "neutron star", a term which prejudges the question of its actual makeup). There are many open questions here:
We do not know the critical density at which there would be a phase transition from nuclear matter to some form of quark matter, so we do not know whether compact stars have quark matter cores or not.
On the other extreme, it is conceivable that nuclear matter in bulk is actually metastable, and decays into quark matter (the "stable strange matter hypothesis"). In this case, compact stars would consist completely of quark matter all the way to their surface.
Assuming that compact stars do contain quark matter, we do not know whether that quark matter is in a color superconducting phase or not. At infinite density one expects color superconductivity, and the attractive nature of the dominant strong quark-quark interaction leads one to expect that it will survive down to lower densities, but there may be a transition to some strongly coupled phase (e.g. a Bose–Einstein condensate of spatially bound di- or hexaquarks).
See also
Further reading
References
Phases of matter
Quantum chromodynamics
Quark matter |
The US 31–Pentwater River Bridge is a three-span steel bridge that carries Oceana Drive (Old US Highway 31) over the Pentwater River in northern Hart, Michigan. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
Prior to the construction of the current span, US 31 spanned the river in Hart on a bridge that had become a significant bottleneck by the early 1950s. In 1954, a replacement structure was designed by the Michigan State Highway Department. The bridge was designated as a Federal Aid project and the contract for construction was awarded to Gene Fewell. The bridge was completed the next year for $266,564.
Since construction, the bridge has been altered little and has undergone repairs only for maintenance reasons. In 1988, the bridge was rehabilitated by replacing the pins and hangers of the non-redundant suspended spans. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 1999, and the Michigan Department of Transportation placed it on their list of historic bridges.
Design
The bridge has three spans and a total length of . The two anchor spans are long and cantilever over the piers to support the center span, of which is suspended. The deck is wide and the total width of the bridge is . The bridge is essentially two separate bridges, each with its own structure, separated by a divider strip and connected by a joint along the bridge's length. The bridge has two lanes in each direction and the sidewalks are wide.
The steel girder design of the US 31–Pentwater River Bridge was widely used by State Highway Department in the 1930s and 1940s. The department used similar designs as early as 1905, but it was not until about 1930 that steel manufacturing techniques could produce a span greater than .
See also
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places listings in Oceana County, Michigan
References
Transportation in Oceana County, Michigan
Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Bridges completed in 1956
Steel bridges in the United States
U.S. Route 31
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
National Register of Historic Places in Oceana County, Michigan
Cantilever bridges in the United States
Girder bridges in the United States
Buildings and structures in Oceana County, Michigan |
Capivari de Baixo is a Brazilian municipality located in the southern region of Santa Catarina. In 2010, it had a population estimated at 21,674 inhabitants. As of 2020, the population was estimated to be at 25,177. From 1991 to 2000, the demographic growth has been of 1,51% yearly, while the national average was of 1,63%. From 2000 to 2010, the demographic growth was of 1,56% yearly, while the national average was of 1,17%. Capivari de Baixo has the largest coal-fired thermoelectric power plant of Latin America, Complexo Termoelétrico Jorge Lacerda.
References
Municipalities in Santa Catarina (state) |
Vladimir Evgenievich Lisunov (Russian: Владимир Евгеньевич Лисунов) (21 March 1940 – 27 July 2000) was a Russian nonconformist artist, member of the Leningrad unofficial art tradition of the 1960s–1980s, poet, philosopher, romantic, and mystic known as Lis among artists and close friends.
Biography
Childhood
Vladimir Evgenievich Lisunov was born in Leningrad on the spring equinox 21 March 1940. His father, Evgenii Ivanovich Lisunov (of Greek origin) was a professional financial expert, as was his mother Valentina Filipovna Lisunova (maiden name Minina) His sister Galina Evgenievna Lisunova was born in 1935.
Vladimir Lisunov's early childhood took place during the war years, and he and his mother and sister had to live through the Nazi Siege of Leningrad, and also through bombardment and air raids of the besieged city.
At the age of nine he began drawing, learnt to play the violin and wrote poetry, but by the age of twelve he had realised that his vocation was painting.
Studies
He finished secondary school in 1957. In 1958 he graduated from a children's art school in drawing, painting, sculpture and the history of art, and began studying in the faculty of painting at the Leningrad Repin Institute of Arts. His teachers there included Boris Ioganson, Smirnov and Kiparisov.
Work
He worked in the Leningrad Kirov Theatre of Opera and ballet, where he created sets, sketches of costumes, and makeup.
He made several sketches of costumes for the ballerinas Natalia Makarova and Alla Osipenko.
He earned extra money by making toys out of papier-mâché, which he decorated with paint. He also decorated porcelain in the Leningrad Porcelain Factory.
Creative work
Vladimir Lisunov spent his whole life in constant creative searching. He was always experimenting and honing his painting technique, and explored various themes. Some of Lisunov's paintings are full of mystical images and bring us in to other worlds, whereas others depict stories from the Bible or rural landscapes. He also created a series of drawings called: "Astral wanderings of the soul", "Landscapes of the soul", "Portrait of a woman", "Divas", "Aerial nudes", "Portraits of friends" and "Commuter train people".
Wishing to distract himself from the harsh Soviet reality, Vladimir Lisunov immersed himself in mysticism and occultism, studying works by Papus, Blavatsky, and Castaneda, which had been copied out by hand, and this undoubtedly was reflected in his work.
Not having his own studio and confined by his living conditions, Lisunov painted some of his pictures on a stairway landing, enduring hostile looks from passing neighbours. On his days off he often went out to the countryside in the Leningrad region, where he painted his series of landscapes called "Little villages" and "Winter scenes".
As regards Lisunov's style, he called himself a mystic symbolist.
Destruction of exhibitions
Vladimir Lisunov's work went against Soviet Ideology's notions of art. For this reason he was forbidden to work as an artist. Attempts to organise official exhibitions of his work were unsuccessful. He was turned down even at the very initial stages of negotiations. In the mid 1960s, having begun to exhibit his work illegally, he came under the radar of the KGB, and as a result his personal exhibitions were smashed up, and his paintings barbarically destroyed by members of the militia. But in spite of the bans, threats and hounding on the part of the KGB, Vladimir Lisunov continued to work, and in 1970–71 took part in several joint exhibitions in the studio of the artist Vladimir Ovchinnikov, which were also smashed up by members of the militia. In 1975, Lisunov planned to take part in an exhibition of avant-gardists in the "Nevsky Palace of Culture", but on the eve of the opening he was arrested by members of the KGB, and as a result he spent several days in a cell in the Bolshoy Dom on Liteyny Avenue. In this way, Vladimir Lisunov's participation in the exhibition was sabotaged. But it was there, in the confines of the KGB, sitting in a cell, Vladimir Lisunov used a pencil to draw on paper a sketch which he later used when painting the picture 'The fugitive', which became a 'calling card' of his work.
Unfortunately, most of Vladimir Lisunov's paintings were destroyed by members of the Soviet Militia, with the sanction of the KGB, during the destruction of his exhibitions.
Right up until 1985, Vladimir Lisunov was forced to be in a constant battle with the authorities as he attempted to assert his right to exhibit his works.
"Ostrov" group
In 1985, Vladimir Lisunov joined an independent creative association of Leningrad artists called "Ostrov" (English: "The Island").
Changes
In the same year 1985, with the beginning of perestroika in the Soviet Union, changes began, and forbidden artists began to be treated with more tolerance. They were given permission to exhibit their work, and Vladimir Lisunov got the chance to take part in official exhibitions. During this time he worked a lot, and made plans for future creative work, but a tragic occurrence was to destroy everything.
Death
On 27 July 2000 Vladimir Lisunov's life was cut short at the hand of a murderer. The crime was never solved.
Personality and style
Contemporaries who knew Lisunov well called him Lis, and remember him as a vivid cult figure in the Leningrad underground. Naturally handsome, with a slim figure, he wore a floor-length overcoat and a scarlet scarf thrown carelessly around his neck. His head was always adorned with a wide-brimmed hat. That was his style, which was an inextricable part of his personality. It was a style which he did not change over the course of his whole life, and which was his 'calling card'. People who only saw Vladimir Lisunov once remembered his appearance for many years.
Personal life
In 1971 Vladimir Lisunov married Irina Sarapulova, a student at the Mukhina Art and Industry Academy, and she became his Wife, Friend and Muse for the rest of his life. Irina Sarapulova currently lives in Saint Petersburg, promotes Vladimir Lisunov's work, and organises exhibitions.
Exhibitions
Personal Exhibitions
1965 – Leningrad Institute of Textile and Light Industry of S.M. Kirov
1967 – University of Tartu, (Estonia)
1968 – Moscow State University, Moscow Institute of Chemical Engineering (Moscow); The Student Campus (Leningrad)
1969 – Leningrad State University, Faculty of Journalistics (Leningrad); The Student Campus (Leningrad)
1988 – "Metamorphoses by Vladimir Lisunov", Pishchevikov Culture Hall (Leningrad)
1990 – The Writers' Hall (18, Voinov Street, Leningrad) on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary
2000 – PEN Club (3, Dumskaya Street, St Petersburg) on the occasion of the 60th Anniversary; Shuvalov Palace (21, Fontanka, St Petersburg), posthumous exhibition
2007 – Museum of Nonconformist Art (10, Pushkinskaya Street, Saint Petersburg), paintings
2008 – Museum of Nonconformist Art (10, Pushkinskaya Street, Saint Petersburg), graphic art
2009 – Landscape in the works of Vladimir Lisunov – Gallery "Artliga" – Saint Petersburg
2010 – The Jewish centre (Saint Peterburg) on the occasion of the 70th Anniversary
2013 – (7 – 27 January) – Gallery "Dvoika" (Saint Peterburg)
2013 – (21 March – 14 April) – Gallery "Dvoika" (Saint Petersburg)
2014 – (31 March – 30 April) – Art-Ploshyadka "Art Muza Loft" (Saint Petersburg)
Joint Exhibitions
With "The Island" Group
1987 – Culture Hall of Tsuriupa (Leningrad); Yelagin Palace on Pontonnaya Street (Leningrad); TV Centre (Leningrad)
1988 – On Pontonnaya Street; "Spring '88" Moscow; Pishchevikov Culture Hall (Leningrad), Kuybyshev
1989 – "Spring '89" (Gallery of the Artists Club "Five Corners", Pishchevikov Culture Hall)
1990 – "Ostrov '90" (The State Museum of the History of St Petersburg)
1991 – Saint Petersburg State University
2008 – "The Island 20 Years Later", Exhibition Hall of the Artists Union (St Petersburg)
Jointly with the Association of Experimental Fine Arts
1995 – "The 10th Anniversary of "The Island" Group" (Museum of the Samoylov Family)
1987 – Exhibition Hall of the Artists Union of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on the Okhta, personal exhibition (Leningrad)
1988 – Exhibition Hall "The Swedish Fortress" (Narva, Estonia)
Apartment Exhibitions
1970 – 1971 – Studio of Vladimir Ovchinnikov (Kustarny Lane, Leningrad)
1975 – Apartment of Turovsky on the Okhta, personal exhibition (Leningrad)
1980 – Apartment of Alla Osipenko and John Markovsky on Zheliabov Street (Leningrad)
Other Joint Exhibitions
1978 – Biennale (Venice, Italy)
1985 – "10th Anniversary of Leningrad Avant Garde" (Lenexpo, The Harbour); The Youth Palace
1986 – The Youth Palace (Leningrad)
1987 – 1991 – Exhibition Hall "The Swedish Fortress" (Narva, Estonia)
1987 – 1988 – Theatre of Leninsky Komsomol (Leningrad); The Railway Workers Club; "Modern Leningrad Art" (Manege); Auction-Exhibition in Lenexpo "In the Memory of Vladimir Vysotsky"
1990 – "Leningrad: Traditions and Perestroika" (Gallery on Rue De Richelieu, Paris)
1993 – "All St Petersburg ‘93" (Manege)
1995 – Auction-Exhibition, Joint-Stock Company "Pargolovsky"; Art-Mosaic (Shuvalov Palace, 21, Fontanka)
2000 – Winter Salon "Happy New Year" (City Exhibition Hall "Nevograf", 3, Nevsky Prospekt)
2001 – Spring Salon "Under the Female Sign" (City Exhibition Hall "Nevograf", 3, Nevsky Prospekt.
2013 – VII International Biennale "Art-Bridge-Watercolor" (St-Petersburg, Russia)
The works in museums and collections
The works of artist Vladimir Lisunov can be found in private collections in St Petersburg, Moscow, as well as in Estonia, France, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Italy, Finland, Poland, US, Canada, Australia and Ireland.
Selected works
Poetry
In 2008 the publishing house 'Borey-Art', released a collection of Lisunov's poetry which contained fifty two poems and three long poems.
Filmography
In 1989 he acted in the film "The Moment…", a joint production between Odessa Film Studio and Georgia Film Studio.
In 1990 he acted in the motion picture "A Crystal Story" (Lenfilm), in the role of a wizard.
Literature
In 2008 the album "Vladimir Lisunov, painting, graphics, poetry" was produced, the author-compiler was Natalia Reginskaya, the original was a draft produced by "Alpha Beta Translation Centre St Petersburg Ltd".
In 2012 Sofia Azarkhi's book, "Fashionable people" was published by Ivan Limbakh publishers (St Petersburg). One of the chapters of the book is about Vladimir Lisunov.
In 2009 Aleksandr Radashkevich's novel "Lis, or the Inferno" (Aletheia publishers, St Petersburg). The prototypes of the main characters, the artist Pavel Lisanov and Karina, are Vladimir Lisunov and Irina Sarapulova.
References
External links
Academic article by Natalia Reginskaya "Mystic pilgrim"
Vladimir Lisunov’s personal exhibition "Graphic-poetic novellas"
Vladimir Lisunov’s painting in the Museum of Nonconformist Art
Works by Vladimir Lisunov in the Artliga Gallery
Vladimir Lisunov on the site LeningradArt.com
Vladimir Lisunov on the site Artindex
Article "Ostrov. 20 years later"
Vladimir Lisunov on the Register of professionals artists of Russia
1940 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
Russian people of Greek descent
Soviet painters
Painters from Saint Petersburg
Censorship in the Soviet Union
20th-century Russian male artists |
"Either Way" is a song by English rock band the Twang, released on 28 May 2007 as the second single from the band's debut album Love It When I Feel Like This. By downloads alone, "Either Way" initially entered at 33 on the UK Singles Chart and moved up to a peak position of No. 8 the following week due to sales of the physical release. It stayed on the chart for a total of seven weeks.
A remix of the song by the Streets was released, featuring rapper Professor Green. ShortList included the remix in their list of "The 10 best Mike Skinner remixes, B-sides, and rarities", saying: "Skinner and Professor Green featured on a remix of their (actually quite good (or at least not-that-bad)) track ‘Either Way’ and turned it into an absolute belter."
Track listing
UK CD single
"Either Way" – 4:06
"Lost My Smile" – 3:23
UK 7-inch single 1
A. "Either Way" – 4:06
B. "Wake Up" – 3:26
UK 7-inch single 2
"Either Way" – 4:06
"Your Beats" – 3:47
Charts
References
2007 songs
2007 singles
The Twang songs
B-Unique Records singles |
Tanguy Zenon (born 8 May 2002) is a international rugby league footballer who plays on the or for Catalans Dragons in the Betfred Super League.
Playing career
2022
In 2022, he made his début for the Catalans Dragons in the Super League against the Wigan Warriors.
2023
He made his international début for on 29 April 2023, in a 64-0 defeat to at the Halliwell Jones Stadium.
On 17 June 2023, Zenon made his début for Hull KR in a Challenge Cup Quarter Final fixture, also going onto score his first try for the Red & Whites in a 28-10 victory over the Salford Red Devils.
References
External links
Catalans Dragons profile
2002 births
Living people
AS Saint Estève players
Catalans Dragons players
France national rugby league team players
French rugby league players
Hull Kingston Rovers players
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league wingers |
Pilgrim Lutheran School, Chicago, is a Lutheran private school affiliated with Pilgrim Lutheran Church in Chicago, Illinois. Collectively, the church and school are referred to as Pilgrim Lutheran Church and School.
About the school
Pilgrim Lutheran School is a private preschool and elementary school located at 4300 North Winchester on Chicago's North Side. Students begin at age three and continue through 8th grade.
The school was founded as a summer school in 1920. In 1921, it became a year-round school. Today, headed by Principal Chris Comella, Pilgrim's enrollment averages about 160 students.
The school is fully accredited by the Evangelical Lutheran Education Association and has earned recognition by the Illinois State Board of Education.
About the church
Pilgrim Lutheran Church is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
School philosophy
The stated philosophy of Pilgrim Lutheran School is:
Admissions policy
Pilgrim admits students of any race, color or national and ethnic origin.
Pilgrim Kids Care
Pilgrim Kids Care is a program at Pilgrim Lutheran School that teaches social responsibility through action. Students participate in year-round projects to unite the community in awareness of the prevalence of youth hunger and homelessness.
References
External links
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America schools
Private elementary schools in Chicago
Lutheran schools in Illinois
Private middle schools in Chicago |
```smalltalk
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using LuaInterface;
public class AccessingLuaVariables : MonoBehaviour
{
private string script =
@"
print('Objs2Spawn is: '..Objs2Spawn)
var2read = 42
varTable = {1,2,3,4,5}
varTable.default = 1
varTable.map = {}
varTable.map.name = 'map'
meta = {name = 'meta'}
setmetatable(varTable, meta)
function TestFunc(strs)
print('get func by variable')
end
";
void Start ()
{
#if UNITY_5 || UNITY_2017
Application.logMessageReceived += ShowTips;
#else
Application.RegisterLogCallback(ShowTips);
#endif
new LuaResLoader();
LuaState lua = new LuaState();
lua.Start();
lua["Objs2Spawn"] = 5;
lua.DoString(script);
//LuaState
Debugger.Log("Read var from lua: {0}", lua["var2read"]);
Debugger.Log("Read table var from lua: {0}", lua["varTable.default"]); //LuaState table
LuaFunction func = lua["TestFunc"] as LuaFunction;
func.Call();
func.Dispose();
//cacheLuaTable
LuaTable table = lua.GetTable("varTable");
Debugger.Log("Read varTable from lua, default: {0} name: {1}", table["default"], table["map.name"]);
table["map.name"] = "new"; //table key
Debugger.Log("Modify varTable name: {0}", table["map.name"]);
table.AddTable("newmap");
LuaTable table1 = (LuaTable)table["newmap"];
table1["name"] = "table1";
Debugger.Log("varTable.newmap name: {0}", table1["name"]);
table1.Dispose();
table1 = table.GetMetaTable();
if (table1 != null)
{
Debugger.Log("varTable metatable name: {0}", table1["name"]);
}
object[] list = table.ToArray();
for (int i = 0; i < list.Length; i++)
{
Debugger.Log("varTable[{0}], is {1}", i, list[i]);
}
table.Dispose();
lua.CheckTop();
lua.Dispose();
}
private void OnApplicationQuit()
{
#if UNITY_5 || UNITY_2017
Application.logMessageReceived -= ShowTips;
#else
Application.RegisterLogCallback(null);
#endif
}
string tips = null;
void ShowTips(string msg, string stackTrace, LogType type)
{
tips += msg;
tips += "\r\n";
}
void OnGUI()
{
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - 300, Screen.height / 2 - 200, 600, 400), tips);
}
}
``` |
The Philippine House Committee on Poverty Alleviation, or House Poverty Alleviation Committee is a standing committee of the Philippine House of Representatives.
Jurisdiction
As prescribed by House Rules, the committee's jurisdiction is on the policies and programs that will tackle the poverty situation and similar measures on poverty alleviation including the promotion of the poor's right to equal access to opportunities for a better quality of life.
Members, 18th Congress
Historical members
18th Congress
Member for the Majority
Nestor Fongwan (Benguet–Lone, PDP–Laban)
See also
House of Representatives of the Philippines
List of Philippine House of Representatives committees
National Anti-Poverty Commission
Notes
References
External links
House of Representatives of the Philippines
Poverty
Poverty in the Philippines |
Daniel Constantin may refer to:
Daniel Constantin (administrator) (born 1940), French civil servant
Daniel Constantin (politician) (born 1978), Romanian politician
Constantin Daniel (historian and great Romanian orientalist, 1914–1987) |
Josiane Mathon-Poinat (born 23 August 1954 in La Ricamarie, Loire) is a member of the Senate of France, representing the Loire department. She is a member of the French Communist Party, and of the Communist, Republican, and Citizen Group. Mathon-Poinat was first elected to the Senate on September 3, 2001.
Biography
Mathon-Poinat was originally a secretary, before being elected to the municipal council of La Ricamarie and becoming the first deputy mayor in 2001.
Mathon-Poinat was registered in the Communist Group, as a republican and a citizen and Senators of the Left Party (CRC-GSP). She is a member of the Committee on Constitutional laws, legislation, universal suffrage, regulations, and general administration of the Senate. She is a member of the Delegation for Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities between men and women, and is also a member of the Steering Board of the administrative simplification.
Her term ended on 30 September 2011.
References
Page on the Senate website
1954 births
Living people
People from Loire (department)
Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
French Communist Party politicians
French senators of the Fifth Republic
Senators of Loire (department)
Women members of the Senate (France)
21st-century French women politicians |
UEFA U-19 Championship 2006 (qualifying round) is the first round of qualifications for the Final Tournament of UEFA U-19 Championship 2006. Top two teams from each group and the best third-placed team will enter UEFA U-19 Championship 2006 (Elite Round).
Matches
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
The match between and has been forfeited.
Group 4
Group 5
Group 6
Group 7
Group 8
Group 9
Group 10
Group 11
Group 12
3rd Place table
The best third-placed team was determined by the results against the top two teams of the same group.
See also
2006 UEFA European Under-19 Championship
2006 UEFA European Under-19 Championship elite qualification
References
External links
Results at RSSSF
Results at WorldFootball.net
Qualification
UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification |
William Insco Buchanan (September 10, 1853 – October 17, 1909) was an American diplomat who spent much of his career in Latin America.
Early life
Buchanan was born in Covington, Ohio, on September 10, 1853. He was a son of George Preston Buchanan and Mary Eliza (née Gibson) Buchanan.
Career
After receiving an education at the common schools in Ohio, he served as engrossing clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives from 1874 to 1875. Buchanan moved to Sioux City, Iowa, in 1882 and was an organizer of the Corn Palace Exposition there. He also organized the Academy of Music and an opera house. His work with the Sioux City Corn Palace Exposition led to his appointment as overseer of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, held in Chicago.
On January 26, 1894, President Grover Cleveland (the former mayor of Buffalo and governor of New York) appointed Buchanan United States Minister to Argentina. He presented his credentials on May 19, 1894, and served until he left his post on July 11, 1899. He also served as arbitrator on the special commission to fix the boundary between the Chilean and Argentine governments. After William McKinley became president, he kept Buchanan on, even though he was a Democrat and the new president was a Republican. Once Panama separated from Colombia in 1903, he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt on December 17, 1903, to serve as United States Minister to Panama. Buchanan presented his credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary on special mission in December 1903, however, "he received new credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary only a few days before he was to leave Panama and apparently did not present them. He ceased to act "on special mission," however, and conducted business in the capacity of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary until his departure."
Later career
Buchanan was Director General of the Pan-American Exposition, held in Buffalo, New York, from May 1 through November 2, 1901, and is credited with the construction, operation, and dismantling of the exposition. He was chosen by John G. Milburn, president of the exposition, as the exposition was planned with a Latin American theme and they wanted someone who knew the South American countries well. President McKinley was assassinated at the exposition by anarchist Leon Czolgosz on September 6, 1901, and Roosevelt traveled to Buffalo where he was inaugurated shortly thereafter.
At the time of his death, he was connected with the Westinghouse Company in London.
Personal life
Buchanan was married to Laura "Lulu" Williams (1855–1928), a daughter of John Insco Williams and Mary (née Forman) Williams. Together, they were the parents of:
Florence Buchanan (1879–1941), who married Charles Hoyt Williams.
Donald Insco Buchanan (1887–1928), a graduate of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University.
He died suddenly on October 17, 1909, while in London on business. An autopsy revealed the cause of death was heart failure. His body was returned to the United States and he was buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo, New York.
References
External links
William Insco Buchanan (1853–1909) at the United States Department of State
1853 births
1909 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Argentina
Ambassadors of the United States to Panama
Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Buffalo)
People from Miami County, Ohio
19th-century American diplomats
20th-century American diplomats |
Staro Čiče is a village in Croatia.
References
Populated places in Zagreb County
Velika Gorica |
Maria Cruz or Marie Cruz may refer to:
María Ruiz Cruz (born 1980), Spanish actress
María Patricia Franco Cruz, Mexican politician
María Carolina Santa Cruz, Argentine swimmer
Sacheen Littlefeather (Marie Louise Cruz, 1946–2022), Native American activist
See also
Mari Cruz Díaz (born 1969), Spanish race walker
María Cruz González (born 1971), Spanish field hockey player
María de la Cruz (1912–1995), Chilean political activist |
Newton is a locality, farm and former feudal barony, in the parish of Forgan, south of Wormit in Fife, Scotland.
History
Newton was held by the Lacelles family until the estate passed by the marriage of Marjorie Lascelles to Richard de Moravia in the 13th century. The estate passed by marriage of the heiress Gyles Murray to Thomas Kinnaird, in the 15th century.
References
Baronies in the Baronage of Scotland |
Showtime Movie Channels was a group of Australian pay-TV movie channels, available on the Foxtel, Optus and Austar TV platforms. The service consisted of five original channels (showtime premiere, showcase, showtime action, showtime comedy, showtime drama), three HD simulcasts (showtime premiere HD, showcase HD, showtime action HD) and two timeshift channels (showtime two, showcase two). It was owned and operated by the Premium Movie Partnership (PMP), a joint venture in which Sony Pictures Entertainment, NBCUniversal, Viacom, News Corporation and Liberty Global had equal shares. Foxtel took over managing and producing the Showtime channels as of 31 October 2012, with it purchasing assets of the PMP. On 9 December 2012, it was announced that Movie Network and Showtime (with the exception of Showcase) would be replaced with a new line-up of Foxtel branded movie channels to be named Foxtel Movies
The main competitor to Showtime was Movie Network Channels.
History
Formed in late 1994 through a joint partnership between Australis Media, Columbia TriStar, MCA, Viacom and Tele-Communications Inc., Showtime started broadcasting in 1995 as part of the basic package on the now-defunct Galaxy service, showing first-run films. At the same time its sister channel named Encore was launched, showing older 'classic' movies. Until their launch in March 1995, trailers and previews were broadcast in their channel slots. Both channels were originally programmed in Burbank, California, until local operations commenced in October 1995. It later became available as part of the Austar and Foxtel services when they were launched. In December 2002, the Showtime channels also became available on Optus Television. Encore was renamed Showtime Greats on 1 March 2004, with a move to more contemporary films.
In September 2007 it was announced that a premium channel called showcase would be launched on 1 December 2007 as part of the suite of Showtime channels, ahead of changes that would allow Movie Network to compete directly with Showtime for subscribers.
showcase screens movies (mainly independent, arthouse and documentary features),some comedy programs as well as a number of television series.
On 15 November 2009, Showtime Greats was replaced by showtime action, showtime comedy and showtime drama. In addition, Showtime was renamed showtime premiere.
On 11 October 2012, Foxtel announced they would acquire certain assets of the Premium Movie Partnership, which would result in Foxtel managing and producing the Showtime channels as of 31 October 2012.
Channels
All showtime channels area available on Foxtel, Austar and Optus, unless otherwise noted. showtime premiere and showcase are also available through Xbox 360's IPTV service.
Showcase
Showtime Greats
Internet download services
Launched on 1 October 2009 were two exclusive channels to Foxtel Download. These were:
Showtime Family – featured family friendly movies and was exclusive to Foxtel's download service.
Showtime Horror – featured Classic and modern horror movies and was exclusive to Foxtel's download service.
Showtime Australia
Showtime Australia is unrelated to the American Showtime service, but pays a licence fee for the use of the name and trademark. It also produces some Australian movies, such as Bad Eggs, in conjunction with other companies.
Trademark and branding
Despite the name being Showtime, for branding purposes it is usually spelt in all capitals to match the channel logo. Similarly, Showcase is usually spelt in all lower case. As a matter of fact, the branding for Showtime uses the former logo from the American cable service until 1997.
See also
Hallmark Channel
References
Movie channels in Australia
Television channels and stations established in 1995
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2012
Defunct television channels in Australia
English-language television stations in Australia |
The Sharps-Borchardt Model 1878 is a single-shot hammerless falling-block action rifle designed by Hugo Borchardt and made by the Sharps Rifle Manufacturing Company. It closely resembles older Sharps Rifles but has a firing mechanism that uses a hammerless striker rather than a hammer and firing pin like the old Sharps Rifle. This hammerless dropping-block breech-loader was based on a patent granted to Hugo Borchardt in 1877. It was the last of the Sharps single-shot rifles, and the Borchardt did not sell very well. According to company records 8,700 rifles were made in all models from 1878 until the Sharps Rifle Co. closed down in 1881. Although it was designed for the huge black powder "buffalo" cartridges of the day, it came too late, at the very end of the great bison slaughter.
Several variants were produced: Carbine, Military, Short Range, Mid Range, Long Range, Hunter, Business, Sporting, and Express. The Military Sharps-Borchardt was made only in .45-70 with 32" round barrels and was purchased by the militias of the states of Michigan, North Carolina, and Massachusetts. The other models were manufactured in a variety of calibers, barrel types, sights, stocks, engraving, etc. and were designed for varying purposes. The Hunters variation was the most affordable.
Notwithstanding its lack of commercial success the Sharps-Borchardt is admired for its strength and accuracy: reputed to be one of the strongest if not the strongest rifle action ever built before the latter 20th century. The gun was revolutionary at its time for its use of coil springs as opposed to flat springs. These guns were popular among long-range shooters and Creedmore Match competitors. Many were rechambered for use as small bore varmint rifles. Surviving guns are highly prized by collectors, especially unmodified examples chambered for heavy .45 and .50-caliber Sharps big-game cartridges.
A company known as Borchardt Rifle Corporation has started fabrication of reproduction M1878 Borchardt rifles.
See also
Farquharson rifle
Ruger No. 1
Footnotes
External links
Remodeling an 1878 Sharps Military Rifle into a Midrange Target
Early rifles
Falling-block rifles
Guns of the American West
Hunting rifles
Rifles of Germany
Rifles of the United States |
Hare Rama Hare Krishna may refer to:
Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971 film), a Hindi language film directed by Dev Anand
Hare Rama Hare Krishna (2011 film), a Kannada language film directed by CV. Ashok Kumar
Hare Rama Hare Krishna, the working title of Jalsa, a 2008 Telugu language film directed by Trivikram Srinivas
The Hare Krishna (mantra) mantra, consisting of the words Hare Rama and Hare Krishna
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness
See also
Hare Krishna (disambiguation) |
Len Phillips (29 March 1891 – 21 March 1978) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
1891 births
1978 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Richmond Football Club players
People from Berwick, Victoria |
Catherine Thysmans alias Tishem (died 1595) was an erudite woman from Antwerp who educated her son, the celebrated scholar Jan Gruter, while in exile in England. She was the one woman in England under the bourgeoisie to be known as a classical scholar.
The principal source for Catherine Tishem's life is a worshipful tribute to her son, Jan Gruter, written by one of his pupils, Balthasar Venator. According to Venator, Tishem was a remarkably erudite woman, fluent in Latin, Greek, French, Italian, and English and able to read Galen's original text.
In 1558 in Antwerp, Tishem married a widowed and wealthy merchant and juror, Wouter Gruter (also "Walterus", "de Gruytere", etc.), originally from Breda. They had four children, Jan being born in December 1560. Her husband co-signed the Compromise of Nobles in 1566, and to flee prosecution in the Spanish Netherlands, they moved to the Dutch Calvinist exile community of Norwich. Some biographies of Jan Gruter claim that Tishem was originally from Norwich herself, though Thijsmans/Thysmans was a regular Flemish patronymic. When their son enrolled at the new Leiden University in Holland in 1578/1579, Catherine and Wouter returned to Antwerp, but the Siege of Antwerp in 1584 made them flee again, this time to Lübeck and then Gdańsk. Wouter Gruter died in Gdańsk in 1588, and, according to Peter Fuchs, Catherine died in 1595.
References
1595 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Year of death uncertain
16th-century Dutch women
16th-century Dutch people
Spanish Netherlands emigrants to England
Flemish classical scholars
People from Antwerp
Women classical scholars
People of the Protestant Reformation |
Union Mill or Union Mills may refer to:
British Isles
Communities
Union Mills, a village on the Isle of Man
Windmills
Union Mill, Appledore, a windmill in Kent
Union Mills, Burnham Overy, a combined wind and watermill in Norfolk
Union Mill, Beverley, a windmill in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Union Mill, Cranbrook, a windmill in Kent
Union Mill, Gainsborough, a windmill in Lincolnshire
Union Mill, Gilberdyke, a windmill in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Union Mill, Hackney, a windmill in Middlesex
Union Mill, Lynstead, a windmill in Kent
Union Mill, Onehouse, a windmill in Suffolk
Union Mill, Whitby, a windmill in the North Riding of Yorkshire
Union Mills, Thurning a windmill in Norfolk
Boreas Union Mill, Pontefract, a windmill in the West Riding of Yorkshire
Watermills
Union Mills, Burnham Overy, a combined wind and watermill in Norfolk
Textile mills
Union Mills, Milnsbridge, Yorkshire
United States
(by state)
Communities
Union Mills, Indiana, an unincorporated community
Union Mills, Iowa, an unincorporated community
Union Mills, Maryland, an unincorporated community
Union Mills, Virginia, an unincorporated community
Union Mill, Washington, an unincorporated community
Union Mills, Pleasants County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Watermills
Union Mills (Fall River, Massachusetts), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)
Union Mill Complex, Ballston Spa, NRHP-listed
Other
Union Mills Homestead Historic District, Westminster, Maryland, NRHP-listed
Union Mills Superintendent's House, Olympia, NRHP-listed in Thurston County |
Peter Benjamin Golden (born 1941) is an American historian who is "professor emeritus" of History, Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies at Rutgers University. He has written many books and articles on Turkic and Central Asian studies, such as An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples.
Golden grew up in New York and attended Music & Art High School. He graduated from CUNY Queens College in 1963, before obtaining his M.A. and Ph.D. in History from Columbia University in 1968 and 1970, respectively. Golden also studied at the Dil ve Tarih – Coğrafya Fakültesi (School of Language and History – Geography) in Ankara (1967–1968). He taught at Rutgers University from 1969 until his retirement in 2012. He was Director of the Middle Eastern Studies Program (2008–2011) at Rutgers. He is an honorary member of the Türk Dil Kurumu and Kőrösi Csoma Society of Hungarian Orientalists and was a member of the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton) 2005–2006. In 2019, he was elected an Honorary Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Works
(1980) Khazar studies: An Historico-philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
(1992) An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples: Ethnogenesis and state-formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
(1998) Nomads and sedentary societies in medieval Eurasia, Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association.
(2000) The King's Dictionary. The Rasulid Hexaglot: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, Armenian and Mongol, Leiden: Brill Publishers (book, edited, Vol. 4 in the series Handbuch der Orientalistik, 8. Abteilung Zentralasien).
(2003) Nomads and their Neighbours in the Russian Steppe. Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
(2007) The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives, co-edited with H. Ben-Shammai and A. Róna-Tas. Leiden: Brill Publishers.
(2009) The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age, co-edited with N. Di Cosmo, A.J. Frank, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
(2010) Turks and Khazars: Origins, Institutions, and Interactions in Pre-Mongol Eurasia, Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
(2011) Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes, Bucharest–Brăila: Editura Academiei Române – Muzeul Brăilei Editura Istros.
(2011) Central Asia in World History, Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press.
Festschrift
See also
Euro-Asian Steppe
References
External links
Rutgers faculty website
Curriculum vitae
Living people
21st-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
American Turkologists
Khazar studies
Historians of Central Asia
1941 births
21st-century American male writers |
Sir Jeffrey Mark Donaldson (born 7 December 1962) is a British politician who has served as leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) since June 2021. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lagan Valley since 1997, and leader of the DUP in the UK House of Commons since 2019. As of 2022, he is Northern Ireland's longest-serving MP.
Donaldson was a member of the Orange Order and served in the Ulster Defence Regiment during the Troubles. He was also the campaign manager for the UUP MP Enoch Powell's successful re-election campaigns in 1983 and 1986. He was the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) candidate for Lagan Valley at the 1997 general election, and was elected as an MP to the House of Commons. He simultaneously represented the same constituency as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the Northern Ireland Assembly from 2003 to 2010. Donaldson is known for his opposition to UUP leader David Trimble's support of the Good Friday Agreement during the Northern Ireland peace process, especially from 1998 to 2003. In 2003, Donaldson resigned from the UUP, becoming a member of the DUP in the following year.
Donaldson served in the Northern Ireland Executive from 2008 to 2009 as a Junior Minister for First Minister Peter Robinson. After Nigel Dodds lost his seat at the 2019 general election, Donaldson became the DUP Westminster leader. He was a candidate in the May 2021 Democratic Unionist Party leadership election, losing to Edwin Poots. After Poots resigned the following month, Donaldson was elected unopposed to succeed Poots in the June DUP leadership election; he was confirmed in the post by the party's ruling executive on 30 June. He was once again elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in the 2022 Assembly election, but he subsequently chose to remain as a Westminster MP and not take up his seat.
Early life
Donaldson was born in Kilkeel, County Down, in Northern Ireland, where he was the oldest of five boys and three girls. He attended Kilkeel High School, where he excelled at debating, then Castlereagh College. At the age of sixteen he joined the Orange Order, and then the Ulster Unionist Party's Young Unionists.
Two of Donaldson's cousins were killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army while serving in the Royal Ulster Constabulary: Sam Donaldson was killed in 1970 and Alex Donaldson, a Chief Inspector, died in a mortar attack on a Newry police station in 1985.
Donaldson served with the Kilkeel company of the 3rd Battalion Ulster Defence Regiment (3 UDR), where he was later promoted to corporal.
Donaldson worked as an insurance broker in the 1980s.
Political career
From 1982 to 1984 he was the constituency agent for the Ulster Unionist MP Enoch Powell, managing Powell's successful re-election campaigns in 1983 and 1986. He then worked as personal assistant to the UUP leader James Molyneaux until Molyneaux retired from politics in 1997.
Entering politics
In October 1985, at the age of 22, following the death of Raymond McCullough, Donaldson was elected with a large majority in a by-election to the Northern Ireland Assembly to represent South Down. In April 1986 Donaldson partook in a unionist demonstration attempting to blockade a conference of the Ulster Teachers' Union held in Newcastle, County Down, in protest at the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Demonstrators blocked teachers' cars and scuffled with the police; at one point protestors broke through police lines and attacked Education Minister Brian Mawhinney's car with flag poles. After further violence arrests were made. Donaldson told reporters afterward "What we're saying to Brian Mawhinney here today is that he may think that he is an Ulsterman but the people of Ulster... want no part of a man who has betrayed the people of Ulster." Mawhinney labelled the protestors "thugs". In June that year after Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Tom King ordered the dissolution the Assembly, Donaldson was one of twenty-one unionist representatives who refused to leave the chamber at Stormont and was eventually physically removed from the building by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC).
In 1996 he was first-placed candidate on the UUP list for the Northern Ireland Forum elections, virtually guaranteeing him a seat. Donaldson, by this time serving as Assistant Grand Master of the Orange Order, was a prominent figure in the ongoing Drumcree conflict over a yearly loyalist parade in the town of Portadown. He justified unionist demonstrators cutting off Belfast International Airport by saying "in a democracy people have the right to protest and unfortunately some people get inconvenienced". This led to his selection in January 1997 as a candidate for the Westminster Parliament; he was elected at the 1997 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Lagan Valley constituency, succeeding James Molyneaux. At that time he was tipped as a potential future leader of the Ulster Unionist Party.
Donaldson stated in Richard English's book, Armed Struggle, that because of a "deep sense of injustice that I felt had been perpetrated against my people and specifically against my family", he joined both the Ulster Defence Regiment and the Ulster Unionist Party at the age of 18 to oppose the IRA both militarily and politically.
Role in the peace process
In 1998, Donaldson was in the Ulster Unionist Party's negotiating team for the Good Friday Agreement. However, on the morning of the day the agreement was concluded on 10 April 1998, Donaldson walked out of the delegation. He rejected some of the arrangements, notably the lack of a link between Sinn Féin's admittance to government and IRA decommissioning.
Dissent with the UUP
Donaldson engineered several party council meetings in protest against David Trimble's policies. The council, however, backed Trimble's leadership, and on 23 June 2003, along with fellow MPs David Burnside and Martin Smyth, Donaldson resigned the Ulster Unionist whip at Westminster. The MPs remained party members and in November 2003 Assembly election Donaldson was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly for the UUP as an MLA for Lagan Valley.
Following the success of the rival Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in the same Assembly election of 2003, he reiterated his call for Trimble's immediate resignation, but the party continued to back Trimble. On 18 December 2003 Donaldson, Norah Beare MLA and Arlene Foster announced their resignation from the UUP, and on 5 January 2004 they announced that they had joined the DUP.
After joining the DUP
Donaldson was returned to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in the 2005 UK general election and in 2007 was appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, entitling him to the honorific style of The Right Honourable. At the March 2007 Northern Ireland Assembly election, he was re-elected as an MLA for Lagan Valley.
In July 2009, The Daily Telegraph reported that Donaldson had repaid £555 claimed for pay-to-view films in overnight hotel stays. In total, Donaldson submitted claim forms, including receipts, for 68 pay-to-view movies. The newspaper claimed "hotel sources confirmed that films he put on his expenses during 2004 and 2005 were in the highest price category offered to guests, covering the latest blockbusters and adult movies" although no evidence is offered that he did and Donaldson issued an official statement denying watching any content of an adult or pornographic nature.
Donaldson was appointed to government by First Minister Peter Robinson, and held the position of Junior Minister in the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister from 2008 to 2009. Being also an MP, he lost his position due to the DUP's phasing out of "double jobbing". Following his re-election to the House of Commons at the general election in May 2010, Donaldson stood down from the Northern Ireland Assembly on 10 June, and was replaced on 16 June by Paul Givan.
He was a member of the Public Bill Committee for the Defence Reform Act 2014.
DUP leadership
On 3 May 2021, exactly 100 years from when Northern Ireland was effectively established, Donaldson declared his candidacy for the leadership of the DUP to replace Arlene Foster. On 14 May, he was defeated by Edwin Poots MLA, by 19 votes to 17.
On 17 June, Poots resigned after only 21 days in post. Poots had faced an internal revolt against his decision to proceed without delay to nominate Paul Givan as First Minister after Sinn Féin had reached an agreement with the Westminster government about an Irish Language Act. The Belfast Telegraph described the events as "one of the most tumultuous days in the DUP's 50-year history".
On 21 June, Donaldson declared his candidacy for the leadership of the DUP to replace Edwin Poots, pledging to make the Northern Ireland Protocol his main priority. He was the sole candidate. The party's electoral college, which met on 26 June, endorsed him as leader-designate and he was confirmed in the post by the party's ruling executive on 30 June.
In July 2021 Donaldson said in a UTV interview that he intended to resign his seat as a Westminster MP and become Northern Ireland First Minister before the 2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election, but also said that he did not yet know precisely how he would bring this about.
On 23 August 2021, Prime Minister Boris Johnson appointed Donaldson as the UK's trade envoy to Cameroon, in addition to his role as the trade envoy to Egypt.
It was announced on 24 August 2021, that Donaldson was planning to stand as a candidate for Lagan Valley in the Assembly election the following year, if he is unable to get co-opted to a vacant seat in the time leading up to the election. Plans were drawn up to temporarily re-allow "double jobbing", which would have allowed Donaldson to be in the Assembly and remain an MP. However, these plans were dropped, so, if Donaldson becomes a member of the Assembly, he will cease to be an MP, triggering a by-election. Donaldson was elected to the Assembly in the May 2022 election, but declined to take up his seat, with the party instead co-opting Emma Little-Pengelly. Donaldson said he would not take up his Assembly seat until the situation over the Northern Ireland Protocol is resolved.
Views
Donaldson opposed the Good Friday Agreement (GFA). He supported Brexit, but called for the Northern Ireland Protocol agreement between the UK and the EU in December 2020, which establishes a customs and regulatory border in the Irish Sea separating Northern Ireland from Great Britain, to be reformed or revoked. Despite his earlier rejection of the GFA, he stated in January 2021 that the Protocol "actually undermines the Good Friday agreement".
Donaldson has been accused of making anti-Catholic comments. In 2009, Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) deputy leader Alasdair McDonnell demanded an apology from Donaldson and a retraction of his claim that Catholics owed allegiance in the first instance to the Pope and the Holy See.
In March 2019, Donaldson was one of 21 MPs who voted against LGBT inclusive sex and relationship education in English schools. He opposes same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland, legalised by the British Government in December 2019. Jeffrey Donaldson has repaid £555 to the House of Commons' fees office after charging dozens of pay-to-view movies to the tax payer.The former junior minister made claims for 68 pay-to-view movies at London hotels where he stayed in 2004 and 2005, according to the Daily Telegraph.
Honours
Donaldson was sworn in as a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 2007. This allows him the Honorific Style "The Right Honourable" for life.
He was appointed Knight Bachelor in the 2016 Birthday Honours for political service.
Personal life
On 26 June 1987, Donaldson married Eleanor Mary Elizabeth Cousins, with whom he has two daughters.
He is a member of the mainstream Presbyterian Church in Ireland.
Speaking of his national identity, Donaldson says that he is "Irish and British, Northern Irish and British, and British." He notes that he is a member of the Irish Presbyterian church, which is organised on an all-Ireland basis. He supports Ulster and Ireland in rugby, Lisnagarvey hockey club (which plays for Ireland), Ireland in cricket, and Northern Ireland in football. He describes his national identity as geographically Irish, but also as being "part of a wider group of nations that is British". He believes that there is no contradiction in identifying as Irish, Northern Irish and British.
References
External links
Maiden Speech: House of Commons – 20 May 1997
Appearances on C-SPAN (As UUP member)
Appearances on C-SPAN (As DUP member)
1962 births
Living people
Democratic Unionist Party MLAs
Democratic Unionist Party MPs
Members of the Northern Ireland Forum
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Lagan Valley
Northern Ireland MLAs 2003–2007
Northern Ireland MLAs 2007–2011
Northern Ireland MPAs 1982–1986
Junior ministers of the Northern Ireland Assembly (since 1999)
People educated at Kilkeel High School
People from Kilkeel
People of The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
Presbyterians from Northern Ireland
Ulster Defence Regiment soldiers
Ulster Unionist Party members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Knights Bachelor
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
Ulster Unionist Party MLAs
Northern Ireland MLAs 2022–2027
Leaders of political parties in Northern Ireland |
The 5th 3Music Awards was held on 26 March 2022 at the Grand Arena of the Accra International Conference Centre, in Accra to recognize the works of artists in the year under review. It was broadcast by TV3, 3MUSIC TV, DGN and HD +. The ceremony's theme was ''More Than Music'', and was held in-person with an audience following the previous year's virtual ceremony.
The nominees were announced on 15 February 2022 during a ceremony at the Teelande Tea Garden in Accra, Ghana. Kuami Eugene received the most nominations with 16, followed by Sarkodie who had 13 and KiDi who received 10 nominations.
On 14 March, Boomplay was announced as an official partner of the awards. The media steaming service sponsored three main categories of the awards; The Artiste of the Year, African Song of the Year and Breakthrough Act of the Year.
The artist of the year was won by KiDi for the second consecutive year.
Performances
Hosts
Winners and nominees
This is the list of winners for the 3Music Awards in 2022.
See more
Red carpet photos
References
External links
Official website
3Music Awards 2022 on Facebook
3Music Awards 2022 on Twitter
African music awards |
The , abbreviated (), was a short-lived German supreme court seated in Leipzig, which primarily dealt with appeals concerning commercial law, but later expanded its subject-matter jurisdiction. It was the first German court with local jurisdiction for all German territories since the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.
The court was established in 1870 named , abbreviated (English: Federal High Commercial Court), as a body of the North German Confederation. After the formation of the German Empire in 1871, it was renamed to and now had jurisdiction for the whole empire. In 1879, the court was dissolved and replaced by the newly founded . During the 9 years of its existence, the president of the court was .
History
Background
With the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the judicial activities of the two imperial German supreme courts – the (Imperial Chamber Court) in Wetzlar and the (Aulic Council) in Vienna – ended. For more than six decades no federal supreme court existed in the German territories until the was formed in 1869. During the time of the German Confederation (1815–1866) and the North German Federation (1867–1871) the only court with local jurisdiction for more than one territory was the (High Court of Appeal of the Four Free Cities) in Lübeck (1820–1879), which had territorial jurisdiction for Bremen, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Lübeck.
The German Confederation did not establish a federal supreme court, because the Confederation left the sovereignty of the individual territories and states largely untouched. But due to the lack of a federal supreme court, some concern existed in the confederation about the fragmentation of the law. These concerns intensified after a uniform German commercial law, the (General German Commercial Code), was introduced in the Confederation in 1861 without a federal supreme court being able to ensure its uniform application and interpretation. The (), a deliberative congress of German lawyers, therefore called in 1860, 1861, 1863, 1864 and 1867 for the establishment of such a court. In 1860, the German Jurist Forum argued, that at least for the unified areas of law – meaning commercial law and the law on promissory notes – a federal supreme court would be a necessity to ensure a consistent development of the law.
Legislative process
Two years after the North German Confederation had been formed, the formal legislative process for the establishment of the was started. On 23 February 1869, Richard von Friesen, the delegate of the Kingdom of Saxony, introduced its bill titled (Draft of a law concerning the establishment of a supreme court in commercial matters) in the . The bill proposed the establishment of a Federal High Commercial Court (the ), which should be seated in Leipzig, a Saxon city. The court should be headed by a president and the other members of the court should be a vice-president and a number of ordinary judges. All judges should be appointed on the recommendation of the by its president, the King of Prussia. The bill further set out that the court should have subject-matter jurisdiction for the and the law on promissory notes. The content of the bill had probably been coordinated beforehand with Prussia.
The bill was referred to the judicial committee of the , the , on 1 March 1869. The judicial committee examined it on 17 and 18 March 1869 and submitted its report to the plenum of the a few days later. The judicial committee's report proposed only minor revisions. On 5 April 1869, the plenum of the dealt with the bill. During the plenary session, Hesse, Mecklenburg and Hamburg argued that the establishment of the was beyond the competencies of the North German Confederation and would require an amendment of the federal constitution. Hamburg, together with Lübeck, especially feared that the proposed federal court would result in a loss of influence for its . But these sceptic voices did not prevail, and the bill passed the with only seven votes against it.
On 5 April 1869, the bill was sent to the . In the , the bill was debated between 10 April and 13 May 1869. During the parliamentary deliberations Johannes von Miquel notably argued – with a possible German unification in mind – that "from a legal point of view, this Court is provisional, but from a national point of view, it is definitive". The deliberations once more resulted in minor revisions only and the bill was approved by the on 13 March 1869. According to the legislative process of the North German Confederation, the bill was then sent back to the again, which finally approved it against the opposition of both Mecklenburgs, Bremen and Hamburg.
William I gave his royal assent to the bill on 12 June 1869 and on 18 June 1869 the was published in the official gazette of the North German Confederation, the .
Establishment
After the law establishing the was promulgated, an ordinance dated 22 June 1870 decreed its entry into force on 5 August 1870. On that day, the court constituted itself in Leipzig. Contrary to original plans, Otto von Bismarck – then the Chancellor of the North German Confederation – was unable to attend the court's investiture in the , the seat of the court in Leipzig, due to the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. During the ceremonies, the court' president, , swore in the court's first judges and remarked on the importance of the establishment of the court for future German national and legal unity.
Life of the court
After the formation of the German Empire in 1871, the was no longer a court of the North German Confederation but of the recently founded empire. It was accordingly renamed to on 2 September 1871 by a plenary declaration of its members. The renaming reflected the new responsibilities for the whole of the empire including Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden and Hesse.
In 1871, the court attained minor additions to its subject-matter competence. It was now also responsible for the law of the (timber rafting), some copyright law and tort liability concerning the operation of railways. After the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War, Alsace–Lorraine became part of the German Empire. This territorial gain started the process of expanding the court's subject-matter jurisdiction beyond the confines of commercial law. Shortly after the war, a law dated 14 June 1871 was passed which established the court as the supreme court for Alsace–Lorraine effective 28 August 1871. The court thereby took the place of the French Court of Cassation in Paris for all cases stemming from this territory. This was of major importance because the court was now competent to hear criminal cases from this territory and was thus in a position to rule on the new German Criminal Code of 1871.
In 1873, the court was asked to adjudicate an interstate dispute between Saxe-Meiningen and Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, two states of the German Empire. It should function as a court of arbitration for a dispute about the dominion over the village . After Bismarck's approval, the court agreed to take the case and rendered an arbitral award in 1876.
Between 1873 and 1876, the subject-matter jurisdiction of the court expanded again. The court then, , gained jurisdiction for the adjudication of trademark and banking law. After the passage of the German patent act, discussions concerning the addition of patent law to the court's jurisdiction started in 1877 and the court was asked to compile regulations to handle this new material. After these were finished, the court attained appellate authority for patent law on 1 May 1878 by the passage of an ordnance from the same day.
Succession of the court
Before the of 1878 entered into force on 1 October 1879, the had to conclude its position as a German supreme court on 30 September 1879. On 1 October 1879, the was succeeded by the .
Historical assessment
The case law of the had a lasting influence on the practice and teaching of German promissory notes law and commercial law in general. As a judge of the court, Levin Goldschmidt argued that it was the natural task of the court to preserve unity in the application of the law and to further the development of the unified areas of law. Due to the expansion of its subject-matter jurisdiction, many contemporaries saw the court not as a special court for commercial law but as a general German supreme court, a view that is shared by commentators today. , a legal scholar, argued that the court proved to be the hoped-for keystone for the unification of German commercial law and that its establishment was an unexpectedly large step for the unification of German civil law in general. Fellow legal scholar observed that the court marked the institutional beginning of the end of an epoch of fragmentation in the law.
The establishment of the court commenced an institutional tradition that has continued through the to today's . Exemplary for this tradition is the collection of its important cases named (Judgments of the Imperial High Commercial Court), abbreviated or , in whose tradition the later (Judgments of the Imperial Court), abbreviated /, and the (Judgments of the Federal Court of Justice), abbreviated /, still stand today.
Organisation
Panels
Originally, the had no panels, the decisions therefore had to be taken in plenary sessions. This was rectified with effect from 1 September 1871 when the court formed two panels. The first panel was chaired by the court's president, , while the second panel was led by its vice president . On 9 July 1874, a third panel was formed and chaired by , who became a further vice president. The president distributed the cases to the individual panels. To render a decision seven judges had to participate in a case and a majority for the decision had to be found.
Lawyers before the court
Any qualified lawyer or advocate – a unified bar was not created in the German Empire until 1879 – could plead before the . No singular admission () existed.
Jurisdiction
The could hear appeals when it had local and subject-matter jurisdiction. When it was competent, it replaced the supreme court of the respective German territory for this case.
Local jurisdiction
In 1870, the local jurisdiction of the court extended throughout the North German Confederation. When the North German Confederation was succeeded by the German Empire in 1871, the local jurisdiction of the court was now the Empire's territory. The last extension of the court's local jurisdiction happened on 14 June 1871, when the succeeded the French Court of Cassation for all appeals concerning cases originating from Alsace–Lorraine.
Subject-matter jurisdiction
As the name of the court suggests it was originally conceived as a civil court for commercial law matters. Accordingly, its subject-matter jurisdiction only extended to cases concerning commercial law. Section 13 of the court's establishment statue elaborated what specific commercial law questions were covered. Later the court's subject-matter jurisdiction was rapidly expanded by statute. For example, matters concerning copyright law, patent law and trademark law were added to the court's docket. But not only newly developing matters like intellectual property law were added, even some specific matters of general civil law – for example matters concerning strict liability for operators of trains – were added to the court's subject-matter jurisdiction. For Alsace–Lorraine, the court even gained jurisdiction in criminal matters, but private law still remained firmly at the centre of the court's jurisdiction.
Collection of decisions
All of the 12,173 decisions of the have been preserved in the 82 volumes of the (Collection of all findings of the Imperial High Commercial Court), which is now housed at the Federal Court of Justice in Karlsruhe. Of those 12,173 decisions, the court identified 2,764 () as its most important decisions and published them in its authoritative collection (Judgments of the Imperial High Commercial Court; 25 volumes). A. Stegemann, a lawyer, also collected and published some cases of the court in the 8 volumes of (The case law of the German High Commercial Court in Leipzig).
Judges
During the nine years of its existence, the had only one president, Heinrich Eduard von Pape. The court had two vice-presidents – August Drechsler and Karl Hocheder (the latter joining it in 1873) – and 29 judges in total. The formal requirement to become a judge of the court was the eligibility to serve at a high court in one of the German territories or to be a professor of law in Germany, Levin Goldschmidt being the only professor of law serving at the court in its initial composition (though later other professors joined it, e.g. ). All judges had life tenure.
Of the 32 judges of the , 20 transferred to the service of the newly formed in 1879. The court's president von Pape did not transfer, he became the chairperson of the first commission to draft a German Civil Code, an activity which in 1896 resulted in the momentous promulgation of the (the German Civil Code).
President
Vice-presidents
Members ()
References
Notes
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links
.
.
.
.
.
.
Defunct courts
Legal history of Germany
Former supreme courts
Courts in Germany
Courts and tribunals established in 1870
Courts and tribunals disestablished in 1879 |
Carol Anshaw (born March 22, 1946) is an American novelist and short story writer. Publishing Triangle named her debut novel, Aquamarine, one of "The Triangle's 100 Best" gay and lesbian novels of the 1990s. Four of her books have been finalists for the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction, and Lucky in the Corner won the 2003 Ferro-Grumley Award.
Personal life
Carol Anshaw was born on March 22, 1946, in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. Her mother was Virginia Anshaw Stanley and her father was Henry G. Stanley. During Anshaw's childhood and adolescence, her family lived in Michigan and Florida.
Anshaw received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Michigan State University in 1968. After graduation, she moved to Chicago. She acquired her Master of Fine Arts degree at Vermont College of Fine Arts in 1992.
In 1969, she married Charles White. The couple eventually divorced in 1985.
Since 1996 Anshaw has been partners with the documentary maker and photographer, Jessie Ewing. They were married on May 25, 2014. Now, the couple divides their time between Chicago and Amsterdam.
Career
Anshaw has been writing fiction since 1972. Her stories have appeared in Story magazine, Tin House, The Best American Stories and Do Me: Tales of Sex and Love from Tin House.
She has published five novels. Her first, the critically acclaimed Aquamarine (1992) explores one life lived on parallel paths.
Perhaps Anshaw's most popular novel,Carry the One (2012), has been highly regarded as a portrait of grief and American culture. The novel received warm endorsements from Emma Donoghue and Alison Bechdel. Set mainly in Chicago, Anshaw deftly takes the narrative's point of view from character to character, showing "how time affects relationships, tipping emotional dominoes one way or another within a family or circle of friends."
Her stories have been anthologized in The Best American Short Stories in 1994, 1998, and 2012.
She has won a National Book Critics Circle Citation for Excellence in Reviewing; a National Endowment for the Arts Literature Fellowship; an Illinois Arts Council Fellowship; a Carl Sandburg Award, a Ferro-Grumley Award and Society of Midland Authors Award.
Anshaw is also a painter, and is currently working on a sequence of paintings of the English Channel swimmer, Gertrude Ederle. "Walking Through Leaves," her painted biography of the novelist and poet, Vita Sackville-West was put up in November 2013 at Rockford University, Rockford, IL.
Awards
Publishing Triangle named Aquamarine one of "The Triangle's 100 Best" gay and lesbian novels of the 1990s.
(1993)
Publications
Aquamarine (1992)
Seven Moves (1996)
Lucky in the Corner (2002)
Carry the One (2012)
Right After the Weather (2019)
Anthology contributions
The Best American Short Stories 1994, edited by Tobias Wolff and Katrina Kenison (1994)
The Best American Short Stories 1998, edited by Garrison Keillor and Katrina Kenison(1998)
The Best American Short Stories 2012, edited by Tom Perrotta and Heidi Pitlor (2012)
References
External links
Carol Anshaw's Website
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
American women short story writers
Lesbian novelists
Living people
1946 births
American lesbian writers
American LGBT novelists
LGBT people from Michigan
People from Grosse Pointe, Michigan
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Vermont College of Fine Arts alumni
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
21st-century American LGBT people
Writers from Michigan |
Manon Barbe is a city councillor from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She has served as the borough mayor of LaSalle since 2003. She was a member of the Union Montreal municipal political party.
Barbe was first elected as a city councillor in 1995. She chairs the Regional Conference of Elected Officials () and is also the chair of the city's standing committee on cultural development and quality of life.
References
External links
LaSalle Borough Council (pages 5 & 7)
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Montreal city councillors
Living people
Mayors of places in Quebec
Women mayors of places in Quebec
People from LaSalle, Quebec
Women municipal councillors in Canada
Year of birth missing (living people)
French Quebecers |
Pascal Vigneron (born 23 June 1963) is a French classical musician, both trumpeter, organist, and conductor.
Life
Born in Commercy (Lorraine), Vigneron's genealogy goes back to 1841, when his ancestors lived in the town of Bruley. He has been a professor at the École normale de musique de Paris from 1999 to 2007 and is the initiator and artistic director of the Bach Festival of Toul founded in 2010.
Trumpet
Heir to the tradition of the French Trumpet School bequeathed by his masters Roger Delmotte and Marcel Lagorce, his objective was to make this instrument known through original works from Renaissance music to the present day. Pedagogue, musicologist, passionate about art and instrumental making, he has been a privileged collaborator of the Selmer company for 20 years (http://www.selmer.fr).
Organist
Vigneron was a pupil of Jacques Marichal (organist at the Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral). In 2005, after a work of more than four years, he published Bach's The Art of Fugue with a new instrumentation, for brass, woodwind and organ according to the order of Jacques Chailley.
As an organist, he has recorded Bach's Well Tempered Clavier with Dimitri Vassilakis and Christine Auger. In 2008, he also recorded the Goldberg Variations on the Grand Kurt Schwenkedel Organ of the Toul cathedral and a new setting of The Musical Offering BWV 1079.
Conductor
Vigneron is the conductor of the Orchestre de chambre du Marais. He has conducted Brahms' Ein deutsches Requiem, the great lyrical works of Mozart, Berlioz' Symphonie fantastique, Stravinsky's L'Histoire du soldat with Hae Sun Kang, Dimitri Vassilakis, André Isoir, Michel Chapuis, François Castang, Monique Zanetti, Jérôme Correas, Kun Woo Paik, Sergei Edelmann, Sylvie Hue as soloists... He has recorded Vivaldi's Four seasons with Frédéric Pelassy as solo violinist.
He has to his credit more than 28 recordings: the complete work with trumpet by Jean Langlais, the complete chorals by Johann Ludwig Krebs, the trumpet concertos by Haydn, Hummel, Telemann, numerous baroque pieces including the Concertos for organ Op. 4 by Haendel with Michel Chapuis.
New works are dedicated to him: pieces by Pierre Jansen (Grand Prix symphonique of the Sacem), Antoine Tisné, Pierre-Yves Level, Pierre Lantier.
He also recorded the Paraphrases sur Les Jours de l'Apocalypse after Armel Guerne's poems (Éditions du Zodiaque, 1967), with Marie-Christine Barrault. They also inaugurated together the Saint-Étienne cathedral of Toul on 20 September 2008 with more than 1200 people attending.
Other activities
Vigneron masters digital audio and video techniques. In this capacity he was artistic director of the Orchestre national d'Île-de-France conducted by Yoel Levi, for the complete Camille Saint-Saëns's symphonies. Director of the Quantum classic label, he has been artistic director of the Bach festival of Toul since 2010.
Discography
Johann Sebastian Bach
The Art of fugue BWV 1080 pour cuivres, bois et orgue (Ordonnance des Fugues Jacques Chailley - setting Pascal Vigneron)
Johann Sebatian Bach, The well-tempered clavier, vol.I and II, Recording with the three required instruments (organ, piano, harpsichord) tuned to the temperament Werckmeister III with Dimitri Vassilakis and Christine Auger, recording prefaced by Michel Chapuis and Gilles Cantagrel
Johann Sebastian Bach's The Goldberg Variations first critical recording with the three keyboard instruments - Pascal Vigneron, organ, Dimitri Vassilakis, piano and Christine Auger, harpsichord.
Johann Sebastian Bach's The Musical Offering, Pascal Vigneron, "Curt Schwenkedel" organ of the Temple de l'Annonciation of Paris
Soloists of the Orchestre de Chambre du Marais, Pascal Vigneron's brass ensemble.
Johann Sebastian Bach's Les Arias pour Mezzo-Soprano et instruments obligés, Pascal Vigneron, "Curt Schwenkedel" organ of the Temple de l'Annonciation of Paris, Anne Maugard, mezzo-soprano, Vinh Pham, violin, Patricia Nagle, flute, Pierre Makareenko, oboe.
Johann Sebastian Bach, Partitas I-II-III, Pascal Vigneron, organ Curt Schwenkedel du Temple de l'Annonciation de Paris, de la Cathédrale de Toul et de l'église d'Arques-la-Bataille
Johann Sebastian Bach, Transcriptions for flugelhorn and piano, Preludes Chorales, Sonatas and Arias
Johann Sebastian Bach's Suites for Cello, transcribed for four-piston flugelhorn
Jean-Baptiste Nôtre
Jean-Baptiste Nôtre, Le Livre d'orgue, first world recording
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi's The four seasons, Frédéric Pelassy, violin - Orchestre de Chambre du Marais - P.Vigneron
Baroque and classical musics
Georg Friedrich Haendel's Concertos for Organ and Orchestra, Michel Chapuis, Organ, Orchestre du Marais, Pascal Vigneron
Les Grands Concertos pour Trompette: Haendel, Telemann, Mozart, Haydn, Hummel with the Prague Chamber Orchestra
Various recordings with organ with Pierre Méa, Vincent Warnier, Jacques Amade, Jean-Paul Imbert, Michael Matthes, etc.
Several recitals of Italian, English, German music
Johann Ludwig Krebs: Intégrale des chorals pour trompette et orgue (world premiere)
L’Art du Cantus Firmus vol.1&2, Bach, Précurseurs, Contemporains et Élèves
French music of the 20th and 21st centuries, including several dedicated creations
Jacques Chailley, Pierre Jansen, Antoine Tisné, Pierre Yves Level, Marcel Landowski, Jean Rivier, André Jolivet, Pierre Ancelin (with organ)
Jean Aubain, Pierre Lantier, Georges Enesco, Jean Hubeau, Florent Schmitt (with piano)
Jean Langlais, complete works for trumpet and organ
Paraphrases on Les Jours de l'Apocalypse after Armel Guerne's poems with Marie-Christine Barrault.
L'Anthologie du cornet à pistons, first volume in 2007, out of twenty volumes planned (world premiere)
Pascal Vigneron's Brass ensemble
L'Europe des Cuivres, Bach, Gabrielli, Purcell, Lejeune, ... .
References
External links
Official website
Festival Bach de Toul
1963 births
Living people
People from Commercy
French classical trumpeters
Male trumpeters
French classical organists
French male organists
French male conductors (music)
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century French conductors (music)
21st-century organists
21st-century French male musicians
Male classical organists |
The Green Party of Quebec (GPQ) (; PVQ) is a Quebec political party whose platform is the promotion of green politics. It has not won any seats in the National Assembly of Quebec. Its platform is oriented towards promotion of green values, sustainable development, and participatory democracy.
The Green Party of Quebec is a coalition of activists and citizens for whom environmental questions are a priority. They believe that the government should help in creating a green, just, democratic and equal society. Their main principles are inspired from the Global Greens Charter which revolves around six main ideas: ecological wisdom, social justice, participatory democracy, nonviolence, sustainability and respect for diversity.
It received 0.76% of the popular vote in the 2022 Quebec general election.
History
First Green Party of Quebec (1985–1998)
A first version of the Green Party of Québec was founded in the 1980s and had candidates in the 1985, 1989 and 1994 Quebec general elections. The 1989 elections results were at the time the strongest showing for any Green Party in Canada. On average, candidates collected 5.55% of votes in contested seats. Although the party had a small budget, it attempted to run a province-wide campaign with organizers from Montreal, Québec City and Sherbrooke, as well as some relatively independent local campaigns in rural ridings. Many meetings were held at Le Commensal restaurant in Montréal, a strong supporter. Attempts were made to involve the various environmental groups, but most shied away from officially supporting the PVQ in order to maintain political neutrality and protect financial interests. In the party structure of 1989, sovereignty and economical neutrality were promoted rather than left-wing policies, under the slogan of "not left or right but forward". This caused some strife within the party, as many members were more left-leaning.
The party disintegrated in 1994 due to its leader, Jean Ouimet, and many of his colleagues leaving for the Parti Québécois. Ouimet, a strong sovereigntist, maintained a party wholly independent of the federal Green Party during his leadership. Members of the Green Party of Canada formed an organization called the Green Party of Canada in Quebec, a predominantly anglophone entity that nominated federal candidates only. There was open antipathy between Ouimet and the GPCQ's leader, Rolf Bramann. (Neither was affiliated with Montreal's municipal Green Party of the time, Ecology Montreal/Montréal Écologique, led by Dimitrios Roussopoulos.) At the same time as the PVQ began to collapse due to Ouimet's departure, Rolf Bramann was removed from his position. This led to a precipitous decline in federal organization in the province contemporaneous with the marginalisation of the provincial Greens. A succession of party leaders folllowed: Marian Grant, Éric Ferland, Victor Martel, Saloua Laridhi, Judith Brown, and one or two others. A number of Montreal social and green activists held sway over the party until November 12, 1998, when they deliberately chose to "pull the plug" on the party.
It lost its recognition as an official political party in November 1998 when it ran no candidates in the 1998 Quebec general election. (Quebec law at the time required parties to run at least 20 candidates to maintain their official status. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled minimum candidate laws unconstitutional in 2003.)
Current Green Party of Quebec (since 2001)
The second (and current) version of the PVQ was founded in 2001 by members of the Green Party of Canada in Quebec after receiving more support in Quebec in the 2000 federal election than they had expected. The founding meeting, in the basement of the Montreal Biodome, was attended by about 20 people, and it contested the 2003 provincial election with few candidates and almost no money.
In 2002, three leftist political parties (Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste, Parti de la démocratie socialiste and Parti Communiste du Québec) merged to form the Union des forces progressistes. The PVQ pledged to try to avoid running candidates in ridings where there was a UFP candidate, although it reserved the right to run anywhere it wanted to (even ridings with a UFP candidate), and did not merge with the UFP. In May 2006, the Party pledged to stay independent after several appeals to join Québec solidaire, the UFP's successor.
Scott McKay was elected as party leader in 2006. The party had its most successful showing ever in the 2007 general election, placing fourth with just under four per cent of the popular vote. Unlike the previous version of the party, the new version did not adopt a position on whether Quebec should become sovereign. As a result, it was most competitive in western Montreal where there was a drop in Liberal Party support but little enthusiasm for sovereigntist alternatives such as the Parti Québécois. The Green Party placed second or third in the popular vote in some western Montreal ridings.
In 2008, the PVQ held a leadership review, during which Guy Rainville defeated Scott McKay. McKay then joined the Parti Québécois and was elected as an MNA in the 2008 election, while the Green Party itself fell to two per cent of the popular vote, fifth place among political parties and the only one of the top five parties not to win a seat in the National Assembly. On 10 September 2010, Rainville announced that he would not seek another two-year term as leader. Claude Sabourin narrowly defeated party president Paul-André Martineau for the position. Martineau had been president of the Green Party since 2006, except for a brief period in 2008. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Montreal (1985) and a bachelor's degree in business administration from HEC Montréal (2001). At the time of the leadership contest, he was working in information technology and pursuing a specialized graduate degree in environment and sustainable development from the Université du Québec à Montréal. He has not run for federal or provincial office.
In April 2012, the leader Claude Sabourin went to a meeting in La Pinière riding, where he recruited four future candidates, two of which – Alex Tyrrell & Marc André Beauchemin – would later run for the leadership of the party. Overall the party lost over half its support from the previous election, obtaining 1% of the overall popular vote and running candidates in only 66 of Quebec's 125 ridings during the September 4, 2012 election. Sabourin finished fifth in NDG riding with 1,531 votes and 5.77% of the vote. Alex Tyrrell finished third in Jacques Cartier with 1,522 votes and 4.54% of the vote.
Claude Sabourin resigned as party leader on Sunday, 24 February 2013 at the Green Party of Quebec convention held that weekend in Montreal. Jean Cloutier was elected interim leader that same day.
On 21 September 2013, Alex Tyrrell was elected leader of the PVQ defeating other leadership candidates Patricia Domingos, Marc-André Beauchemin and Pierre-Étienne Loignon. Another candidate Lisa Julie Cahn had withdrawn earlier in the race. At the age of 25 years Mr. Tyrrell became the youngest current party leader in Quebec politics.
The Parti vert du Québec intended to diversify its policies in view of the 2014 general elections, in order to increase its support. Tyrrell explained that the PVQ would be an eco-socialist group. Thus, the environment would remain its priority but the party would also defend a public health system and would propose among other things a universal program of dental care for all Quebecers. It is also in favour of free public transport.
In December 2019, the group Reform GPQ launched a petition asking for a general assembly to be held where a vote of confidence would take place in the leadership of Alex Tyrrell. The members accused him of having voted himself a salary and not having organized a vote of confidence. In October 2020, six members of the party's National Executive removed their trust in Alex Tyrrell's leadership and demanded his resignation, accusing him of poorly preparing the party for the 2022 election and of being responsible for the party's poor relations with his federal equivalent, the Green Party of Canada. Alex Tyrrell obtained 64.6% (with a participation rate of 65.5%) in the following vote of confidence. On October 5, 2020, five members of the Executive resigned, saying that the result were not good enough, that the process was tainted by multiple problems and that the leader acted in bad faith throughout the whole process. In January 2021, Alex Tyrrell expelled the five members of the National Executive and members Chad Walcott and Catherine Polson from the party, accusing them of harming the party's progress.
Leaders
Electoral results
By-elections
See also
List of Green party leaders in Canada
List of Green politicians who have held office in Canada
List of Quebec general elections
Political parties in Quebec
Politics of Quebec
References
External links
(French)
Twitter account
Green parties in North America
1985 establishments in Quebec
2001 establishments in Quebec
Environmental organizations based in Quebec
Non-interventionist parties
Organizations based in Montreal
Political parties established in 1983
Political parties disestablished in 1998
Political parties established in 2001
Provincial political parties in Quebec |
```javascript
(function(){function r(e,n,t){function o(i,f){if(!n[i]){if(!e[i]){var c="function"==typeof require&&require;if(!f&&c)return c(i,!0);if(u)return u(i,!0);var a=new Error("Cannot find module '"+i+"'");throw a.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",a}var p=n[i]={exports:{}};e[i][0].call(p.exports,function(r){var n=e[i][1][r];return o(n||r)},p,p.exports,r,e,n,t)}return n[i].exports}for(var u="function"==typeof require&&require,i=0;i<t.length;i++)o(t[i]);return o}return r})()({1:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var index_1=require("../Calculator/index");var styles_1=require("./styles");function view(calculatorVDom){return calculatorVDom.map(function(calcVNode){return dom_1.div(".app",[dom_1.h1(".title."+styles_1.default.title,"Matrix Multiplication"),calcVNode,dom_1.h2(".footnote."+styles_1.default.footnote,[dom_1.a({attrs:{href:"path_to_url"}},"Built by @andrestaltz with Cycle.js")])])})}function App(sources){var calculatorSinks=index_1.default(sources);var vdom$=view(calculatorSinks.DOM);var reducer$=calculatorSinks.onion;var sinks={DOM:vdom$,onion:reducer$};return sinks}exports.default=App},{"../Calculator/index":3,"./styles":2,"@cycle/dom":49}],2:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var typestyle_1=require("typestyle");var styles_1=require("../styles");typestyle_1.cssRule("body",{margin:0,color:styles_1.pallete.black,fontFamily:'"Source Sans Pro", serif',fontWeight:400});var Styles;(function(Styles){Styles.title=typestyle_1.style({position:"absolute",top:0,left:0,right:0,fontFamily:'"Vesper Libre", serif',fontWeight:400,textAlign:"center",margin:0,paddingTop:"1.5rem",paddingBottom:"3rem",zIndex:10,backgroundImage:"linear-gradient(to bottom, "+"white 0, "+"rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 60%, "+"rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%)"});Styles.footnote=typestyle_1.style({position:"fixed",left:0,right:0,bottom:0,fontFamily:'"Source Sans Pro", serif',fontSize:"14px",textAlign:"center",zIndex:-10,$nest:{"& > *":{color:styles_1.pallete.gray}}})})(Styles||(Styles={}));exports.default=Styles},{"../styles":34,typestyle:97}],3:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var isolate_1=require("@cycle/isolate");var index_1=require("../Matrix/index");var measure_1=require("./measure");var timers_1=require("./timers");var index_2=require("./intent/index");var index_3=require("./model/index");var index_4=require("./view/index");function Calculator(sources){var aSinks=isolate_1.default(index_1.default,"matrixA")(sources);var bSinks=isolate_1.default(index_1.default,"matrixB")(sources);var cSinks=isolate_1.default(index_1.default,"matrixC")(sources);var state$=sources.onion.state$;var measurements$=measure_1.default(sources.DOM);var actions=__assign({},index_2.default(sources.DOM),{allowContinueAction$:timers_1.default(state$)});var reducer$=index_3.default(actions,measurements$);var allReducer$=xstream_1.default.merge(reducer$,aSinks.onion,bSinks.onion);var vdom$=index_4.default(state$,aSinks.DOM,bSinks.DOM,cSinks.DOM);var sinks={DOM:vdom$,onion:allReducer$};return sinks}exports.default=Calculator},{"../Matrix/index":24,"./intent/index":5,"./measure":7,"./model/index":9,"./timers":16,"./view/index":19,"@cycle/isolate":56,xstream:107}],4:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function controlPanelIntent(domSource){var startMultiplyAction$=domSource.select(".multiply").events("click").mapTo(null);var nextStepAction$=domSource.select(".next").events("click").mapTo(null);var endAction$=domSource.select(".end").events("click").mapTo(null);var resetAction$=domSource.select(".reset").events("click").mapTo(null);return{startMultiplyAction$:startMultiplyAction$,nextStepAction$:nextStepAction$,endAction$:endAction$,resetAction$:resetAction$}}exports.controlPanelIntent=controlPanelIntent},{}],5:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var controlPanel_1=require("./controlPanel");var resize_1=require("./resize");function intent(domSource){var resizeAction$=resize_1.resizeIntent(domSource);var controlPanelActions=controlPanel_1.controlPanelIntent(domSource);return __assign({resizeAction$:resizeAction$},controlPanelActions)}exports.default=intent},{"./controlPanel":4,"./resize":6}],6:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");function createResizeAction(target,direction,amount){return{target:target,resizeParam:{direction:direction,amount:amount}}}function resizeIntent(domSource){var decreaseRowA$=domSource.select(".decreaseRowA").events("click").mapTo(createResizeAction("A","row",-1));var increaseRowA$=domSource.select(".increaseRowA").events("click").mapTo(createResizeAction("A","row",+1));var decreaseColA$=xstream_1.default.merge(domSource.select(".decreaseColA").events("click"),domSource.select(".decreaseRowB").events("click")).mapTo(createResizeAction("A","column",-1));var increaseColA$=xstream_1.default.merge(domSource.select(".increaseColA").events("click"),domSource.select(".increaseRowB").events("click")).mapTo(createResizeAction("A","column",+1));var decreaseRowB$=xstream_1.default.merge(domSource.select(".decreaseColA").events("click"),domSource.select(".decreaseRowB").events("click")).mapTo(createResizeAction("B","row",-1));var increaseRowB$=xstream_1.default.merge(domSource.select(".increaseColA").events("click"),domSource.select(".increaseRowB").events("click")).mapTo(createResizeAction("B","row",+1));var decreaseColB$=domSource.select(".decreaseColB").events("click").mapTo(createResizeAction("B","column",-1));var increaseColB$=domSource.select(".increaseColB").events("click").mapTo(createResizeAction("B","column",+1));return xstream_1.default.merge(decreaseRowA$,increaseRowA$,decreaseColA$,increaseColA$,decreaseRowB$,increaseRowB$,decreaseColB$,increaseColB$)}exports.resizeIntent=resizeIntent},{xstream:107}],7:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dropRepeats_1=require("xstream/extra/dropRepeats");var delay_1=require("xstream/extra/delay");function isNotNull(x){return x!==null}function measure(domSource){return domSource.select(".calculator").elements().map(function(e){var actualElement=Array.isArray(e)?e[0]:e;if(!actualElement){return null}var matrixAElem=actualElement.querySelector(".matrixA *");var matrixBElem=actualElement.querySelector(".matrixB *");if(!matrixAElem||!matrixBElem){return null}var someRow=matrixAElem.querySelector(".row");if(!someRow){return null}var measurements={matrixAHeight:matrixAElem.clientHeight,matrixBWidth:matrixBElem.clientWidth,matrixBHeight:matrixBElem.clientHeight,rowHeight:someRow.clientHeight};return measurements}).filter(isNotNull).compose(dropRepeats_1.default(function(m1,m2){return m1.matrixAHeight===m2.matrixAHeight&&m1.matrixBHeight===m2.matrixBHeight&&m1.matrixBWidth===m2.matrixBWidth})).compose(delay_1.default(16))}exports.default=measure},{"xstream/extra/delay":103,"xstream/extra/dropRepeats":104}],8:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function calculateCellMatrixC(i,j,matrixA,matrixB){var m=matrixA.numberColumns;var acc=0;for(var k=0;k<m;k++){var a=matrixA.get(i,k);var b=matrixB.get(k,j);if(a==null){a=1}if(b==null){b=1}acc+=a*b}return acc}function calculateNextMatrixC(nextStep,matrixA,matrixB,matrixC){var newMatrixC=matrixC;matrixC.rows.forEach(function(row,i){row.forEach(function(cellC,j){if(i+j===nextStep-2){var val=calculateCellMatrixC(i,j,matrixA,matrixB);newMatrixC=newMatrixC.set(i,j,val)}})});return newMatrixC}exports.calculateNextMatrixC=calculateNextMatrixC},{}],9:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var MatrixValues_1=require("../../utils/MatrixValues");var measure_1=require("./reducers/measure");var resize_1=require("./reducers/resize");var controlPanel_1=require("./reducers/controlPanel");var timers_1=require("./reducers/timers");var defaultState={step:0,canInteract:true,fastForwardToEnd:false,measurements:{matrixAHeight:0,matrixBWidth:0,matrixBHeight:0,rowHeight:0},matrixA:{values:MatrixValues_1.default.from([[1,2,1],[0,1,0],[2,3,4]]),editable:true,id:"A"},matrixB:{values:MatrixValues_1.default.from([[2,5],[6,7],[1,8]]),editable:true,id:"B"},matrixC:void 0};var initReducer$=xstream_1.default.of(function initReducer(prevState){if(!prevState){return defaultState}else{return prevState}});function model(actions,measurements$){return xstream_1.default.merge(initReducer$,measure_1.updateMeasurementsReducer$(measurements$),resize_1.resizeReducer$(actions.resizeAction$),controlPanel_1.startMultiplyReducer$(actions.startMultiplyAction$),controlPanel_1.nextStepReducer$(actions.nextStepAction$),controlPanel_1.fastForwardToEndReducer$(actions.endAction$),controlPanel_1.resetReducer$(actions.resetAction$),timers_1.allowContinueReducer$(actions.allowContinueAction$))}exports.default=model},{"../../utils/MatrixValues":35,"./reducers/controlPanel":11,"./reducers/measure":12,"./reducers/resize":13,"./reducers/timers":14,xstream:107}],10:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function totalCombSteps(state){return state.matrixA.values.numberRows+state.matrixB.values.numberColumns-2}exports.totalCombSteps=totalCombSteps;function lastCombStep(state){return 2+totalCombSteps(state)}exports.lastCombStep=lastCombStep;function isInCombStep(state){return(state.step===1&&state.canInteract||state.step>1)&&state.step<=lastCombStep(state)}exports.isInCombStep=isInCombStep},{}],11:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var MatrixValues_1=require("../../../utils/MatrixValues");var calculate_1=require("../calculate");var queries_1=require("../queries");function startMultiplyReducer$(action$){return action$.map(function(){return function startMultiplyReducer(prevState){if(prevState.step===0){return __assign({},prevState,{step:1,canInteract:false,fastForwardToEnd:false,matrixA:__assign({},prevState.matrixA,{editable:false}),matrixB:__assign({},prevState.matrixB,{editable:false}),matrixC:{editable:false,values:MatrixValues_1.default.ofDimensions(prevState.matrixA.values.numberRows,prevState.matrixB.values.numberColumns).setAll(null),id:"C"}})}else{return prevState}}})}exports.startMultiplyReducer$=startMultiplyReducer$;function nextStepReducer$(action$){return action$.map(function(){return function nextStepReducer(prevState){if(prevState.step>=1&&prevState.canInteract&&prevState.matrixC){var nextStep=prevState.step+1;return __assign({},prevState,{step:nextStep,canInteract:false,matrixC:__assign({},prevState.matrixC,{values:calculate_1.calculateNextMatrixC(nextStep,prevState.matrixA.values,prevState.matrixB.values,prevState.matrixC.values)})})}else{return prevState}}})}exports.nextStepReducer$=nextStepReducer$;function fastForwardToEndReducer$(action$){return action$.map(function(){return function fastForwardToEndReducer(prevState){if(prevState.step>=1&&prevState.canInteract&&prevState.matrixC){var nextStep=prevState.step+1;return __assign({},prevState,{step:nextStep,canInteract:false,fastForwardToEnd:nextStep<=queries_1.lastCombStep(prevState),matrixC:__assign({},prevState.matrixC,{values:calculate_1.calculateNextMatrixC(nextStep,prevState.matrixA.values,prevState.matrixB.values,prevState.matrixC.values)})})}else{return prevState}}})}exports.fastForwardToEndReducer$=fastForwardToEndReducer$;function resetReducer$(action$){return action$.map(function(){return function resetReducer(prevState){return __assign({},prevState,{step:0,canInteract:true,fastForwardToEnd:false,matrixA:__assign({},prevState.matrixA,{editable:true}),matrixB:__assign({},prevState.matrixB,{editable:true}),matrixC:void 0})}})}exports.resetReducer$=resetReducer$},{"../../../utils/MatrixValues":35,"../calculate":8,"../queries":10}],12:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function updateMeasurementsReducer$(measurements$){return measurements$.map(function(measurements){return function(prevState){return __assign({},prevState,{measurements:measurements})}})}exports.updateMeasurementsReducer$=updateMeasurementsReducer$},{}],13:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function resizeReducer$(action$){return action$.map(function(action){return function resizeReducer(prevState){var targetMatrix="matrix"+action.target;var nextState={step:prevState.step,canInteract:prevState.canInteract,fastForwardToEnd:prevState.fastForwardToEnd,measurements:prevState.measurements,matrixA:prevState.matrixA,matrixB:prevState.matrixB,matrixC:prevState.matrixC};var prevValues=prevState[targetMatrix].values;if(action.resizeParam.direction==="row"){nextState[targetMatrix]=__assign({},prevState[targetMatrix],{values:prevValues.resize(prevValues.numberRows+action.resizeParam.amount,prevValues.numberColumns)})}else{nextState[targetMatrix]=__assign({},prevState[targetMatrix],{values:prevValues.resize(prevValues.numberRows,prevValues.numberColumns+action.resizeParam.amount)})}return nextState}})}exports.resizeReducer$=resizeReducer$},{}],14:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var queries_1=require("../queries");var calculate_1=require("../calculate");function allowContinueReducer$(action$){return action$.map(function(){return function allowContinueReducer(prevState){if(prevState.fastForwardToEnd&&prevState.matrixC){var nextStep=prevState.step+1;return __assign({},prevState,{step:nextStep,canInteract:false,fastForwardToEnd:nextStep<=queries_1.lastCombStep(prevState),matrixC:__assign({},prevState.matrixC,{values:calculate_1.calculateNextMatrixC(nextStep,prevState.matrixA.values,prevState.matrixB.values,prevState.matrixC.values)})})}else{return __assign({},prevState,{canInteract:true,fastForwardToEnd:false})}}})}exports.allowContinueReducer$=allowContinueReducer$},{"../calculate":8,"../queries":10}],15:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var typestyle_1=require("typestyle");var styles_1=require("../Matrix/styles");var styles_2=require("../styles");var Styles;(function(Styles){Styles.matrixBracketWidth=styles_1.default.matrixBracketWidth;Styles.step1Duration1=600;Styles.step1Duration2=900;Styles.nextCombDuration=500;Styles.nextCombCellTransitionDelay=Styles.nextCombDuration*.5;Styles.colorPallete=styles_2.pallete;Styles.cellScaleWhenIntersecting=.55;Styles.cellTranslateXWhenIntersecting=16;Styles.cellTranslateYWhenIntersecting=10;Styles.finalResultDuration=1100;Styles.finalFadeDuration=Styles.finalResultDuration*.8;Styles.calculator=typestyle_1.style({marginTop:"200px",marginBottom:"100px"});Styles.matrices=typestyle_1.style({display:"flex",alignItems:"center",justifyContent:"center"});Styles.matrixWrapperTable=typestyle_1.style({borderSpacing:0});Styles.matrixA=typestyle_1.style({position:"relative"});Styles.matrixB=typestyle_1.style({transition:"opacity "+Styles.finalFadeDuration+"ms"});Styles.matrixC=typestyle_1.style({position:"relative",transitionDuration:"700ms",transitionProperty:"opacity, margin-left",transitionDelay:"300ms"});Styles.matrixCHidden=typestyle_1.style({position:"relative",transitionDuration:"0ms",transitionProperty:"opacity, margin-left",transitionDelay:"0ms"});Styles.resultEqualsSign=typestyle_1.style({fontSize:"24px",color:styles_2.pallete.grayDark,transitionDuration:"700ms",transitionProperty:"opacity, width, margin",transitionDelay:"700ms, 300ms, 300ms"});Styles.animatedCell=typestyle_1.style({transitionProperty:"opacity, color, transform",transitionDuration:"400ms",transitionDelay:Styles.nextCombCellTransitionDelay+"ms"});Styles.operatorGrid=typestyle_1.style({position:"absolute",top:"3px",left:"3px"});Styles.operatorCell=typestyle_1.style({transform:"scale(0.6)",transition:"opacity 300ms ease "+Styles.nextCombCellTransitionDelay+"ms"});Styles.plusSign=typestyle_1.style({$nest:{"&::after":{content:'"+"',display:"block",position:"absolute",top:0,left:"40px",fontSize:"24px",width:"2em",height:"2em",fontFamily:"'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif",lineHeight:"49px",textAlign:"center",border:"none",textIndent:"0",padding:"0",color:styles_2.pallete.black}}});Styles.controlPanel=typestyle_1.style({display:"flex",alignItems:"center",justifyContent:"center",position:"relative",paddingTop:"86px",paddingBottom:"40px",backgroundImage:"linear-gradient(to bottom,\n rgba(255,255,255,0) 0,\n rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 92px,\n rgba(255,255,255,0.8) 126px,\n rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%)\n ",zIndex:2,$nest:{"& > * + *":{marginLeft:"8px"}}});var commonButton={color:styles_2.pallete.white,border:"none",fontSize:"24px",padding:"8px 16px",$nest:{"& > svg":{marginBottom:"-2px",marginRight:"8px"}}};var commonButtonEnabled={boxShadow:"0 1px 1px 0 "+styles_2.pallete.gray,cursor:"pointer"};var commonButtonDisabled=typestyle_1.style(commonButton,{backgroundColor:styles_2.pallete.gray});Styles.multiplyButton=typestyle_1.style(commonButton,commonButtonEnabled,{backgroundColor:styles_2.pallete.blue,$nest:{"&:hover":{backgroundColor:styles_2.pallete.blueWeak}}});Styles.multiplyButtonDisabled=commonButtonDisabled;Styles.nextButton=Styles.multiplyButton;Styles.nextButtonDisabled=commonButtonDisabled;Styles.endButton=typestyle_1.style(commonButton,commonButtonEnabled,{backgroundColor:styles_2.pallete.orange,$nest:{"&:hover":{backgroundColor:styles_2.pallete.orangeWeak}}});Styles.endButtonDisabled=commonButtonDisabled;Styles.resetButton=Styles.multiplyButton;Styles.multiplyOrEqualsSign=typestyle_1.style({margin:"1em",fontSize:"24px",color:styles_2.pallete.grayDark});Styles.rowsResizer=typestyle_1.style({display:"flex",flexDirection:"column",justifyContent:"center",margin:"0 10px",zIndex:3});Styles.colsResizerContainer=typestyle_1.style({position:"relative"});Styles.colsResizer=typestyle_1.style({position:"absolute",minWidth:"76px",left:"-20px",right:"-20px",display:"flex",flexDirection:"row",justifyContent:"center",margin:"10px 0",zIndex:3});Styles.resizerButton=typestyle_1.style({backgroundColor:"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)",boxShadow:"0 1px 1px 0 "+styles_2.pallete.gray,color:styles_2.pallete.grayDark,border:"none",fontSize:"20px",textAlign:"center",width:"30px",height:"30px",lineHeight:"30px",margin:"4px",cursor:"pointer",$nest:{"&:hover":{backgroundColor:styles_2.pallete.grayLight}}})})(Styles||(Styles={}));exports.default=Styles},{"../Matrix/styles":27,"../styles":34,typestyle:97}],16:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var delay_1=require("xstream/extra/delay");var dropRepeats_1=require("xstream/extra/dropRepeats");var queries_1=require("./model/queries");var styles_1=require("./styles");function timers(state$){var stateChange$=state$.compose(dropRepeats_1.default(function(s1,s2){return s1.step===s2.step&&s1.canInteract===s2.canInteract}));var allowContinueFromStartMultiply$=stateChange$.filter(function(state){return state.step===1&&!state.canInteract}).compose(delay_1.default(styles_1.default.step1Duration1+styles_1.default.step1Duration2)).mapTo(null);var allowContinueFromNextComb$=stateChange$.filter(function(state){return queries_1.isInCombStep(state)&&!state.canInteract}).compose(delay_1.default(styles_1.default.nextCombDuration)).mapTo(null);var allowContinueFromEnd$=stateChange$.filter(function(state){return state.step===queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1&&!state.canInteract}).compose(delay_1.default(styles_1.default.finalResultDuration)).mapTo(null);return xstream_1.default.merge(allowContinueFromStartMultiply$,allowContinueFromNextComb$,allowContinueFromEnd$)}exports.default=timers},{"./model/queries":10,"./styles":15,xstream:107,"xstream/extra/delay":103,"xstream/extra/dropRepeats":104}],17:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var styles_1=require("../styles");exports.multiplySign="";exports.zeroWidthSpace="";function renderRowsResizer(id){return dom_1.div(".rowsResizer."+styles_1.default.rowsResizer,[dom_1.div(".decreaseRow"+id+"."+styles_1.default.resizerButton,"-"),dom_1.div(".increaseRow"+id+"."+styles_1.default.resizerButton,"+")])}exports.renderRowsResizer=renderRowsResizer;function renderColsResizer(id){return dom_1.div(".colsResizer."+styles_1.default.colsResizer,[dom_1.div(".decreaseCol"+id+"."+styles_1.default.resizerButton,"-"),dom_1.div(".increaseCol"+id+"."+styles_1.default.resizerButton,"+")])}exports.renderColsResizer=renderColsResizer},{"../styles":15,"@cycle/dom":49}],18:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var queries_1=require("../model/queries");var styles_1=require("../styles");var play_1=require("../../icons/play");var next_1=require("../../icons/next");var end_1=require("../../icons/end");var reset_1=require("../../icons/reset");function getArrayOfButtons(state){var step=state.step;var buttons=[];if(step===0){buttons=[dom_1.div(".multiply."+styles_1.default.multiplyButton,[play_1.default,"Multiply"])]}else if(step===1&&!state.canInteract){buttons=[dom_1.div(".multiply."+styles_1.default.multiplyButtonDisabled,[play_1.default,"Multiply"])]}else if(step>=1&&step<=queries_1.lastCombStep(state)&&state.canInteract){buttons=[dom_1.div(".next."+styles_1.default.nextButton,[next_1.default,"Next"]),dom_1.div(".end."+styles_1.default.endButton,[end_1.default,"End"])]}else if(step>=1&&step<=queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1&&!state.canInteract){buttons=[dom_1.div(".next."+styles_1.default.nextButtonDisabled,[next_1.default,"Next"]),dom_1.div(".end."+styles_1.default.endButtonDisabled,[end_1.default,"End"])]}else if(step===queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1&&state.canInteract){buttons=[dom_1.div(".reset."+styles_1.default.resetButton,[reset_1.default,"Reset"])]}return buttons}function renderControlPanel(state){return dom_1.div(".controlPanel."+styles_1.default.controlPanel,getArrayOfButtons(state))}exports.renderControlPanel=renderControlPanel},{"../../icons/end":29,"../../icons/next":30,"../../icons/play":31,"../../icons/reset":32,"../model/queries":10,"../styles":15,"@cycle/dom":49}],19:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var queries_1=require("../model/queries");var styles_1=require("../styles");var matrixA_1=require("./matrixA");var matrixB_1=require("./matrixB");var matrixC_1=require("./matrixC");var controlPanel_1=require("./controlPanel");var common_1=require("./common");var tweens_1=require("./tweens");function renderSign(state){if(queries_1.isInCombStep(state)){return dom_1.span(".multiplySign."+styles_1.default.multiplyOrEqualsSign,"=")}else{return dom_1.span(".tempEqualsSign."+styles_1.default.multiplyOrEqualsSign,common_1.multiplySign)}}function maybeRenderEqualsSign(state){var style={};if(state.step===queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1){style={margin:"1em",width:"12px",opacity:"1"}}else if(state.step===0){return null}else{style={margin:"0",width:"0",opacity:"0.01"}}return dom_1.span(".resultEqualsSign."+styles_1.default.resultEqualsSign,{style:style},"=")}function view(state$,vdomA$,vdomB$,vdomC$){var transform$=tweens_1.makeTransform$(state$);return xstream_1.default.combine(state$,transform$,vdomA$,vdomB$,vdomC$.startWith(null)).map(function(_a){var state=_a[0],transform=_a[1],matrixA=_a[2],matrixB=_a[3],matrixC=_a[4];return dom_1.div(".calculator."+styles_1.default.calculator,[dom_1.div(".matrices."+styles_1.default.matrices,[matrixA_1.renderMatrixA(matrixA,state),renderSign(state),matrixB_1.renderMatrixB(matrixB,state,transform),maybeRenderEqualsSign(state),matrixC_1.maybeRenderMatrixC(matrixC,state)]),controlPanel_1.renderControlPanel(state)])})}exports.default=view},{"../model/queries":10,"../styles":15,"./common":17,"./controlPanel":18,"./matrixA":20,"./matrixB":21,"./matrixC":22,"./tweens":23,"@cycle/dom":49,xstream:107}],20:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var queries_1=require("../model/queries");var styles_1=require("../../Matrix/styles");var styles_2=require("../styles");var common_1=require("./common");function renderOperatorGrid(state){if(state.step===0){return null}var lastIntersectRow=state.step-2;var firstIntersectRow=state.step-2-state.matrixB.values.numberColumns;var rows=state.matrixA.values.rows;return dom_1.div(".operatorGrid."+styles_2.default.operatorGrid,rows.map(function(row,i){var shouldShowMultiply=firstIntersectRow<i&&i<=lastIntersectRow;return dom_1.div("."+styles_1.default.row,row.map(function(cellVal,j){var shouldShowPlus=j<state.matrixA.values.numberColumns-1;return dom_1.div([dom_1.span(".operator",{class:(_a={},_a[styles_1.default.cell]=true,_a[styles_2.default.operatorCell]=true,_a[styles_2.default.plusSign]=shouldShowPlus,_a),style:{opacity:shouldShowMultiply?1:.01}},[common_1.multiplySign])]);var _a}))}))}function mutateCellStyles(state){var lastIntersectRow=state.step-2;var firstIntersectRow=state.step-2-state.matrixB.values.numberColumns;return function updateHook(prev,next){var all=next.elm.querySelectorAll(".cell");var _loop_1=function(i,N){var cellElem=all.item(i);var rowOfCell=parseInt(cellElem.dataset.row);if(queries_1.isInCombStep(state)){cellElem.classList.add(styles_2.default.animatedCell)}else if(state.step>queries_1.lastCombStep(state)){setTimeout(function(){return cellElem.classList.remove(styles_2.default.animatedCell)},styles_2.default.nextCombDuration)}if(firstIntersectRow<rowOfCell&&rowOfCell<=lastIntersectRow){cellElem.style.transform="\n scale("+styles_2.default.cellScaleWhenIntersecting+")\n translateX("+-styles_2.default.cellTranslateXWhenIntersecting+"px)\n translateY("+styles_2.default.cellTranslateYWhenIntersecting+"px)\n ";cellElem.style.color=styles_2.default.colorPallete.blue}else{cellElem.style.transform=null;cellElem.style.color=null}};for(var i=0,N=all.length;i<N;i++){_loop_1(i,N)}}}function renderMatrixA(matrixA,state){var showResizers=state.step===0;return dom_1.table(".matrixAWrapper."+styles_2.default.matrixWrapperTable,[dom_1.tr([dom_1.td(showResizers?[common_1.renderRowsResizer("A")]:[]),dom_1.td(".matrixA."+styles_2.default.matrixA,{hook:{update:mutateCellStyles(state)}},[matrixA,renderOperatorGrid(state)])]),dom_1.tr([dom_1.td(),dom_1.td(".colsResizerContainer."+styles_2.default.colsResizerContainer,showResizers?[common_1.renderColsResizer("A")]:[])])])}exports.renderMatrixA=renderMatrixA},{"../../Matrix/styles":27,"../model/queries":10,"../styles":15,"./common":17,"@cycle/dom":49}],21:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var queries_1=require("../model/queries");var styles_1=require("../styles");var common_1=require("./common");function getOpacity(state){if(state.step===queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1&&!state.canInteract){return"0.01"}else if(state.step===queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1&&state.canInteract){return"1"}else{return"1"}}function mutateCellStyles(state,transform){var lastIntersectCol=state.step-2;var firstIntersectCol=state.step-2-state.matrixA.values.numberRows;var rotateZTransform=transform.split(" ").filter(function(t){return t.match(/^rotateZ/)!==null}).pop().replace("-","+").trim();return function updateHook(prev,next){var all=next.elm.querySelectorAll(".cell");for(var i=0,N=all.length;i<N;i++){var cellElem=all.item(i);var colOfCell=parseInt(cellElem.dataset.col);if(rotateZTransform==="rotateZ(+90deg)"){cellElem.classList.add(styles_1.default.animatedCell)}else{cellElem.classList.remove(styles_1.default.animatedCell)}if(firstIntersectCol<colOfCell&&colOfCell<=lastIntersectCol){cellElem.style.transform="\n "+rotateZTransform+"\n scale("+styles_1.default.cellScaleWhenIntersecting+")\n translateX("+styles_1.default.cellTranslateXWhenIntersecting+"px)\n translateY("+-styles_1.default.cellTranslateYWhenIntersecting+"px)\n ";cellElem.style.color=styles_1.default.colorPallete.blue}else{cellElem.style.transform=rotateZTransform;cellElem.style.color=null}}}}function renderMatrixB(matrixB,state,transform){var showResizers=state.step===0;var opacity=getOpacity(state);return dom_1.table(".matrixBWrapper."+styles_1.default.matrixWrapperTable,[dom_1.tr([dom_1.td(".matrixB."+styles_1.default.matrixB,{style:{opacity:opacity,transform:transform,transformOrigin:"bottom left"},hook:{update:mutateCellStyles(state,transform)}},[matrixB]),dom_1.td(showResizers?[common_1.renderRowsResizer("B")]:[])]),dom_1.tr([dom_1.td(".colsResizerContainer."+styles_1.default.colsResizerContainer,showResizers?[common_1.renderColsResizer("B")]:[]),dom_1.td()])])}exports.renderMatrixB=renderMatrixB},{"../model/queries":10,"../styles":15,"./common":17,"@cycle/dom":49}],22:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var queries_1=require("../model/queries");var styles_1=require("../styles");function mutateCellStyles(state){return function updateHook(prev,next){var all=next.elm.querySelectorAll(".cell");for(var i=0,N=all.length;i<N;i++){var cellElem=all.item(i);var rowOfCell=parseInt(cellElem.dataset.row);var colOfCell=parseInt(cellElem.dataset.col);if(queries_1.isInCombStep(state)){cellElem.classList.add(styles_1.default.animatedCell)}else{cellElem.classList.remove(styles_1.default.animatedCell)}if(rowOfCell+colOfCell>state.step-2){cellElem.style.color=null;cellElem.style.opacity="0.01"}else if(rowOfCell+colOfCell===state.step-2){cellElem.style.color=styles_1.default.colorPallete.blue;cellElem.style.opacity="1"}else{cellElem.style.color=null;cellElem.style.opacity="1"}}}}function maybeRenderMatrixC(matrixC,state){var step=state.step;if(matrixC===null||step===0||step===1&&!state.canInteract){return dom_1.div(".matrixC",{class:(_a={},_a[styles_1.default.matrixCHidden]=true,_a),style:{opacity:"0.01",marginLeft:"0"}})}else{matrixC.data=matrixC.data||{};matrixC.data.style=matrixC.data.style||{};matrixC.data.style.position="absolute"
;var xDist=state.measurements.matrixBWidth+8;var yDist=state.measurements.matrixAHeight*.5;return dom_1.div(".matrixC",{class:(_b={},_b[styles_1.default.matrixC]=true,_b),style:{transform:"translateX(-"+xDist+"px) translateY(-"+yDist+"px)",opacity:"1",marginLeft:step===queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1?xDist+"px":"0"},hook:{update:mutateCellStyles(state)}},[matrixC])}var _a,_b}exports.maybeRenderMatrixC=maybeRenderMatrixC},{"../model/queries":10,"../styles":15,"@cycle/dom":49}],23:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var concat_1=require("xstream/extra/concat");var delay_1=require("xstream/extra/delay");var tween_1=require("xstream/extra/tween");var dropRepeats_1=require("xstream/extra/dropRepeats");var queries_1=require("../model/queries");var styles_1=require("../styles");var xMove=59.5;var padding=8;function makeStartMultiplyTransform$(state$){return state$.filter(function(state){return state.step===1}).map(function(state){var ease=tween_1.default.power2.easeInOut;var yLift=padding+state.measurements.matrixAHeight*.5+state.measurements.matrixBHeight*.5;return concat_1.default(tween_1.default({from:0,to:yLift,duration:styles_1.default.step1Duration1,ease:ease}).map(function(y){return"\n translateX(0%)\n translateY("+-y+"px)\n rotateZ(0deg)\n "}),tween_1.default({from:0,to:1,duration:styles_1.default.step1Duration2,ease:ease}).map(function(t){return"\n translateX("+-t*xMove+"px)\n translateY("+-yLift+"px)\n rotateZ("+-Math.pow(t,2.3)*90+"deg)\n "}))}).flatten()}function makeNextStepTransform$(state$){return state$.filter(function(state){return state.step>1&&state.step<=queries_1.lastCombStep(state)}).map(function(state){var ease=tween_1.default.power2.easeInOut;var duration=styles_1.default.nextCombDuration;var yLift=padding+state.measurements.matrixAHeight*.5+state.measurements.matrixBHeight*.5;var yPrev=state.step===2?yLift:yLift-padding-styles_1.default.matrixBracketWidth*2-state.measurements.rowHeight*(state.step-2);var yNext=yLift-padding-styles_1.default.matrixBracketWidth*2-state.measurements.rowHeight*(state.step-1);return tween_1.default({from:yPrev,to:yNext,duration:duration,ease:ease}).map(function(y){return"\n translateX("+-xMove+"px)\n translateY("+-y+"px)\n rotateZ(-90deg)\n "})}).flatten()}function makeEndTransform$(state$){return state$.filter(function(state){return state.step===queries_1.lastCombStep(state)+1}).map(function(state){var ease=tween_1.default.power2.easeInOut;var duration=styles_1.default.finalFadeDuration;var timeToReset=styles_1.default.finalResultDuration-duration;var yLift=padding+state.measurements.matrixAHeight*.5+state.measurements.matrixBHeight*.5;var yLastComb=yLift-padding-styles_1.default.matrixBracketWidth*2-state.measurements.rowHeight*(state.step-2);var yOutside=yLastComb-state.measurements.rowHeight-padding*4;return concat_1.default(tween_1.default({from:yLastComb,to:yOutside,duration:duration,ease:ease}).map(function(y){return"\n translateX("+-xMove+"px)\n translateY("+-y+"px)\n rotateZ(-90deg)\n "}),xstream_1.default.of("translateX(0px) translateY(0px) rotateZ(0deg)").compose(delay_1.default(timeToReset*.9)))}).flatten()}function makeTransform$(state$){var stateOnStepChange$=state$.compose(dropRepeats_1.default(function(s1,s2){return s1.step===s2.step}));return xstream_1.default.merge(makeStartMultiplyTransform$(stateOnStepChange$),makeNextStepTransform$(stateOnStepChange$),makeEndTransform$(stateOnStepChange$)).startWith("translateX(0%) translateY(0px) rotateZ(0deg)")}exports.makeTransform$=makeTransform$},{"../model/queries":10,"../styles":15,xstream:107,"xstream/extra/concat":102,"xstream/extra/delay":103,"xstream/extra/dropRepeats":104,"xstream/extra/tween":106}],24:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var intent_1=require("./intent");var model_1=require("./model");var view_1=require("./view");function Matrix(sources){var action$=intent_1.default(sources.DOM);var reducer$=model_1.default(action$);var vdom$=view_1.default(sources.onion.state$);var sinks={DOM:vdom$,onion:reducer$};return sinks}exports.default=Matrix},{"./intent":25,"./model":26,"./view":28}],25:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function intent(domSource){return domSource.select(".cell").events("input").map(function(ev){var inputEl=ev.target;return{row:parseInt(inputEl.attributes["data-row"].value),col:parseInt(inputEl.attributes["data-col"].value),val:parseFloat(inputEl.value)}}).filter(function(action){return!isNaN(action.val)})}exports.default=intent},{}],26:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var MatrixValues_1=require("../utils/MatrixValues");var defaultState={values:MatrixValues_1.default.ofDimensions(1,1),editable:true,id:"matrix"+Math.round(Math.random()*1e3)};function model(action$){var initReducer$=xstream_1.default.of(function initReducer(prevState){if(!prevState){return defaultState}else{return prevState}});var inputReducer$=action$.map(function(action){return function inputReducer(prevState){return __assign({},prevState,{values:prevState.values.set(action.row,action.col,action.val)})}});return xstream_1.default.merge(initReducer$,inputReducer$)}exports.default=model},{"../utils/MatrixValues":35,xstream:107}],27:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var typestyle_1=require("typestyle");var styles_1=require("../styles");var Styles;(function(Styles){Styles.matrixBracketWidth=2;Styles.matrixBracketWidthPx=Styles.matrixBracketWidth+"px";Styles.matrixBracketIngress="9px";Styles.matrixBracketColor=styles_1.pallete.black;Styles.matrix=typestyle_1.style({position:"relative",padding:Styles.matrixBracketWidth});Styles.leftBracket=typestyle_1.style({position:"absolute",left:0,bottom:0,top:0,width:Styles.matrixBracketWidth,backgroundColor:Styles.matrixBracketColor,$nest:{"&::before":{content:"''",backgroundColor:Styles.matrixBracketColor,position:"absolute",top:0,left:0,height:Styles.matrixBracketWidth,width:Styles.matrixBracketIngress},"&::after":{content:"''",backgroundColor:Styles.matrixBracketColor,position:"absolute",bottom:0,left:0,height:Styles.matrixBracketWidth,width:Styles.matrixBracketIngress}}});Styles.rightBracket=typestyle_1.style({position:"absolute",right:0,bottom:0,top:0,width:Styles.matrixBracketWidth,backgroundColor:Styles.matrixBracketColor,$nest:{"&::before":{content:"''",backgroundColor:Styles.matrixBracketColor,position:"absolute",top:0,right:0,height:Styles.matrixBracketWidth,width:Styles.matrixBracketIngress},"&::after":{content:"''",backgroundColor:Styles.matrixBracketColor,position:"absolute",bottom:0,right:0,height:Styles.matrixBracketWidth,width:Styles.matrixBracketIngress}}});var insetBoxShadow={"box-shadow":"inset 0px 1px 2px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5)"};Styles.row=typestyle_1.style({padding:0,margin:0,display:"flex",flexDirection:"row",justifyContent:"space-between"});Styles.cell=typestyle_1.style({display:"block",width:"48px",height:"48px",fontFamily:"'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif",lineHeight:"49px",textAlign:"center",border:"none",textIndent:"0",padding:"0",color:styles_1.pallete.black,backgroundColor:"rgba(255,255,255,0)",$nest:{"input&":{$nest:{"&:hover":insetBoxShadow,"&:focus":insetBoxShadow}}}});Styles.cellFontSize2=24;Styles.cellFontSize3=20;Styles.cellFontSize4=17;Styles.cellFontSize5=15;Styles.cellFontSize6=13;Styles.cellFontSize7=11;Styles.cell2=typestyle_1.style({fontSize:Styles.cellFontSize2+"px"});Styles.cell3=typestyle_1.style({fontSize:Styles.cellFontSize3+"px"});Styles.cell4=typestyle_1.style({fontSize:Styles.cellFontSize4+"px"});Styles.cell5=typestyle_1.style({fontSize:Styles.cellFontSize5+"px"});Styles.cell6=typestyle_1.style({fontSize:Styles.cellFontSize6+"px"});Styles.cell7=typestyle_1.style({fontSize:Styles.cellFontSize7+"px"})})(Styles||(Styles={}));exports.default=Styles},{"../styles":34,typestyle:97}],28:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var styles_1=require("./styles");var zeroWidthSpace="";function renderLeftBracket(state){return dom_1.div(".leftBracket."+styles_1.default.leftBracket,{key:"leftBracket"+state.id})}function renderRightBracket(state){return dom_1.div(".rightBracket."+styles_1.default.rightBracket,{key:"rightBracket"+state.id})}function isNumberHuge(num){return Number(num).toFixed(0).length>5}function isDecimalIrrelevant(decimals){return Math.abs(decimals)<1e-7}function isDecimalOneDigit(decimals){return Number(decimals).toFixed(2)===Number(decimals).toFixed(1)+"0"}function isNumberLengthy(num){return Number(Math.abs(num)).toFixed(0).length>3&&Number(num).toFixed(2).length>7}function formatNumber(num){var decimalPart=num<0?num-Math.ceil(num):num-Math.floor(num);if(isNumberHuge(num))return Number(num).toPrecision(3);if(isDecimalIrrelevant(decimalPart))return Number(num).toFixed(0);if(isDecimalOneDigit(decimalPart))return Number(num).toFixed(1);if(isNumberLengthy(num))return Number(num).toFixed(0);return Number(num).toFixed(2)}function fontSizeFor(num){if(num===null)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize2;var str=formatNumber(num);var len=str.length;var hasDot=str.indexOf(".")>-1;var hasMinus=str.indexOf("-")>-1;if(/^\d\.\d\de\+\d$/.test(str))return styles_1.default.cellFontSize6;if(hasDot||hasMinus){if(len<=3)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize2;if(len===4)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize3;if(len===5)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize4;if(len===6)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize5;if(len===7)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize6;if(len>=8)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize7}else{if(len<=2)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize2;if(len===3)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize3;if(len===4)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize4;if(len===5)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize5;if(len===6)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize6;if(len>=7)return styles_1.default.cellFontSize7}}function fontSizeStyleFor(num){if(fontSizeFor(num)===styles_1.default.cellFontSize2)return styles_1.default.cell2;if(fontSizeFor(num)===styles_1.default.cellFontSize3)return styles_1.default.cell3;if(fontSizeFor(num)===styles_1.default.cellFontSize4)return styles_1.default.cell4;if(fontSizeFor(num)===styles_1.default.cellFontSize5)return styles_1.default.cell5;if(fontSizeFor(num)===styles_1.default.cellFontSize6)return styles_1.default.cell6;if(fontSizeFor(num)===styles_1.default.cellFontSize7)return styles_1.default.cell7;else return styles_1.default.cell2}function updateFontSizeHook(prev,next){var vnode=next?next:prev;if(isNaN(vnode.data.attrs.value))return;if(!vnode.elm)return;var cellValue=0+vnode.data.attrs.value;vnode.elm.style.fontSize=fontSizeFor(cellValue)+"px"}function renderCellAsInput(cellValue,i,j){return dom_1.input(".cell."+styles_1.default.cell,{key:"cell"+i+"-"+j,hook:{insert:updateFontSizeHook,update:updateFontSizeHook},attrs:{type:"text","data-row":i,"data-col":j,value:typeof cellValue==="number"?cellValue:void 0}})}function renderCellAsSpan(cellValue,i,j){return dom_1.span(".cell."+styles_1.default.cell+"."+fontSizeStyleFor(cellValue),{attrs:{"data-row":i,"data-col":j}},typeof cellValue==="number"?[formatNumber(cellValue)]:[zeroWidthSpace])}function renderAllCells(state){return state.values.rows.map(function(row,i){return dom_1.div(".row."+styles_1.default.row,{key:"row"+i},row.map(function(cellValue,j){return dom_1.div(".col",{key:"col"+j},[state.editable?renderCellAsInput(cellValue,i,j):renderCellAsSpan(cellValue,i,j)])}))})}function view(state$){return state$.map(function(state){return dom_1.div(".matrix."+styles_1.default.matrix,{key:state.id},[renderLeftBracket(state)].concat(renderAllCells(state),[renderRightBracket(state)]))})}exports.default=view},{"./styles":27,"@cycle/dom":49}],29:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var endIcon=dom_1.svg({attrs:{width:"20px",height:"20px",viewBox:"0 0 511.63 511.63",space:"preserve"}},[dom_1.svg.g([dom_1.svg.path({attrs:{d:"M506.203,41.968c-3.617-3.617-7.902-5.426-12.851-5.426H456.81c-4.948,0-9.232,1.809-12.847,5.426 c-3.62,3.619-5.427,7.902-5.427,12.851v193.572c-0.955-2.091-2.19-3.899-3.717-5.424L232.11,40.257 c-3.616-3.615-6.658-4.853-9.136-3.709c-2.474,1.141-3.711,4.187-3.711,9.135v202.708c-0.95-2.091-2.187-3.899-3.709-5.424 L12.847,40.257c-3.617-3.615-6.661-4.853-9.135-3.709C1.237,37.689,0,40.735,0,45.683v420.262c0,4.948,1.241,7.998,3.715,9.141 c2.474,1.14,5.518-0.099,9.135-3.72l202.707-202.708c1.52-1.708,2.76-3.519,3.709-5.421v202.708c0,4.948,1.237,7.994,3.711,9.134 s5.52-0.1,9.136-3.717l202.709-202.708c1.523-1.711,2.762-3.524,3.714-5.428v193.571c0,4.948,1.81,9.229,5.427,12.847 c3.614,3.617,7.898,5.425,12.847,5.425h36.546c4.944,0,9.232-1.808,12.85-5.425c3.614-3.617,5.425-7.898,5.425-12.847V54.819 C511.626,49.863,509.82,45.584,506.203,41.968z",fill:"#FFFFFF"}})])]);exports.default=endIcon},{"@cycle/dom":49}],30:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var nextIcon=dom_1.svg({attrs:{width:"20px",height:"20px",viewBox:"0 0 440.25 440.25",space:"preserve"}},[dom_1.svg.g([dom_1.svg.path({attrs:{d:"M434.823,207.279L232.111,4.571c-3.609-3.617-6.655-4.856-9.133-3.713c-2.475,1.143-3.712,4.189-3.712,9.137v202.708 c-0.949-2.091-2.187-3.901-3.711-5.424L12.847,4.571C9.229,0.954,6.186-0.285,3.711,0.858C1.237,2.001,0,5.047,0,9.995v420.262 c0,4.948,1.237,7.994,3.711,9.138c2.474,1.14,5.518-0.1,9.135-3.721l202.708-202.701c1.521-1.711,2.762-3.524,3.711-5.428v202.712 c0,4.948,1.237,7.991,3.712,9.131c2.478,1.143,5.523-0.093,9.133-3.714l202.712-202.708c3.61-3.617,5.428-7.901,5.428-12.847 C440.248,215.178,438.433,210.896,434.823,207.279z",fill:"#FFFFFF"}})])]);exports.default=nextIcon},{"@cycle/dom":49}],31:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var playIcon=dom_1.svg({attrs:{width:"20px",height:"20px",viewBox:"0 0 41.999 41.999",space:"preserve"}},[dom_1.svg.g([dom_1.svg.path({attrs:{d:"M36.068,20.176l-29-20C6.761-0.035,6.363-0.057,6.035,0.114C5.706,0.287,5.5,0.627,5.5,0.999v40 c0,0.372,0.206,0.713,0.535,0.886c0.146,0.076,0.306,0.114,0.465,0.114c0.199,0,0.397-0.06,0.568-0.177l29-20 c0.271-0.187,0.432-0.494,0.432-0.823S36.338,20.363,36.068,20.176z",fill:"#FFFFFF"}})])]);exports.default=playIcon},{"@cycle/dom":49}],32:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var resetIcon=dom_1.svg({attrs:{width:"20px",height:"20px",viewBox:"0 0 438.536 438.536",space:"preserve"}},[dom_1.svg.g([dom_1.svg.path({attrs:{d:"M421.125,134.191c-11.608-27.03-27.217-50.347-46.819-69.949C354.7,44.639,331.384,29.033,304.353,17.42 C277.325,5.807,248.969,0.005,219.275,0.005c-27.978,0-55.052,5.277-81.227,15.843C111.879,26.412,88.61,41.305,68.243,60.531 l-37.12-36.835c-5.711-5.901-12.275-7.232-19.701-3.999C3.807,22.937,0,28.554,0,36.547v127.907c0,4.948,1.809,9.231,5.426,12.847 c3.619,3.617,7.902,5.426,12.85,5.426h127.907c7.996,0,13.61-3.807,16.846-11.421c3.234-7.423,1.903-13.988-3.999-19.701 l-39.115-39.398c13.328-12.563,28.553-22.222,45.683-28.98c17.131-6.757,35.021-10.138,53.675-10.138 c19.793,0,38.687,3.858,56.674,11.563c17.99,7.71,33.544,18.131,46.679,31.265c13.134,13.131,23.555,28.69,31.265,46.679 c7.703,17.987,11.56,36.875,11.56,56.674c0,19.798-3.856,38.686-11.56,56.672c-7.71,17.987-18.131,33.544-31.265,46.679 c-13.135,13.134-28.695,23.558-46.679,31.265c-17.987,7.707-36.881,11.561-56.674,11.561c-22.651,0-44.064-4.949-64.241-14.843 c-20.174-9.894-37.209-23.883-51.104-41.973c-1.331-1.902-3.521-3.046-6.567-3.429c-2.856,0-5.236,0.855-7.139,2.566 l-39.114,39.402c-1.521,1.53-2.33,3.478-2.426,5.853c-0.094,2.385,0.527,4.524,1.858,6.427 c20.749,25.125,45.871,44.587,75.373,58.382c29.502,13.798,60.625,20.701,93.362,20.701c29.694,0,58.05-5.808,85.078-17.416 c27.031-11.607,50.34-27.22,69.949-46.821c19.605-19.609,35.211-42.921,46.822-69.949s17.411-55.392,17.411-85.08 C438.536,189.569,432.732,161.22,421.125,134.191z",fill:"#FFFFFF"}})])]);exports.default=resetIcon},{"@cycle/dom":49}],33:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var run_1=require("@cycle/run");var dom_1=require("@cycle/dom");var cycle_onionify_1=require("cycle-onionify");var index_1=require("./App/index");require("./styles");var typestyle_1=require("typestyle");var main=cycle_onionify_1.default(index_1.default);run_1.run(main,{DOM:dom_1.makeDOMDriver("#main-container")});typestyle_1.forceRenderStyles()},{"./App/index":1,"./styles":34,"@cycle/dom":49,"@cycle/run":59,"cycle-onionify":63,typestyle:97}],34:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var typestyle_1=require("typestyle");typestyle_1.cssRule("@font-face",{fontFamily:'"Source Sans Pro"',src:'url("./fonts/SourceSansPro-Regular.otf")',fontWeight:"normal"});typestyle_1.cssRule("@font-face",{fontFamily:'"Vesper Libre"',src:'url("./fonts/VesperLibre-Regular.ttf")',fontWeight:"normal"});exports.pallete={blue:"rgb(48, 141, 255)",blueWeak:"rgb(93, 166, 252)",orange:"rgb(255, 162, 48)",orangeWeak:"rgb(253, 180, 97)",white:"#FFFFFF",grayLight:"#EEEEEE",gray:"#C5C5C5",grayDark:"#686868",black:"#323232"}},{typestyle:97}],35:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var immutable_1=require("immutable");var MatrixValues=function(){function MatrixValues(){}MatrixValues.prototype.clone=function(){var mv=new MatrixValues;mv.numRows=this.numRows;mv.numCols=this.numCols;mv.values=this.values;return mv};MatrixValues.ofDimensions=function(rows,columns){var mv=new MatrixValues;mv.numRows=Math.max(globalThis.tc39ignoredme1,rows);mv.numCols=Math.max(globalThis.tc39ignoredme1,columns);mv.values=makeValues(rows,columns);return mv};MatrixValues.from=function(vals){var mv=new MatrixValues;mv.numRows=vals.length;mv.numCols=vals[0].length;mv.values=immutable_1.fromJS(vals);return mv};MatrixValues.prototype.resize=function(numRows,numColumns){var _a=this,oldNumRows=_a.numRows,oldNumCols=_a.numCols;var nR=Math.max(1,numRows);var nC=Math.max(1,numColumns);var mv=new MatrixValues;mv.numRows=nR;mv.numCols=nC;mv.values=this.values.setSize(nR).map(function(rows,rowIndex){if(rowIndex>=oldNumRows){return makeRow(nC)}else{return rows.setSize(nC).map(function(v,colIndex){return colIndex>=oldNumCols?1:v})}});return mv};MatrixValues.prototype.set=function(rowIndex,colIndex,value){var mv=this.clone();mv.values=mv.values.setIn([rowIndex,colIndex],value);return mv};MatrixValues.prototype.get=function(rowIndex,colIndex){return this.values.getIn([rowIndex,colIndex])};MatrixValues.prototype.setAll=function(value){var mv=new MatrixValues;mv.numRows=this.numRows;mv.numCols=this.numCols;mv.values=makeValues(mv.numRows,mv.numCols,value);return mv};MatrixValues.prototype.transpose=function(){var mv=new MatrixValues;var numRows=mv.numRows=this.numCols;var numCols=mv.numCols=this.numRows;mv.values=makeValues(numRows,numCols);for(var i=0;i<numRows;i++){for(var j=0;j<numCols;j++){mv.values=mv.values.setIn([i,j],this.get(j,i))}}return mv};Object.defineProperty(MatrixValues.prototype,"numberRows",{get:function(){return this.numRows},enumerable:true,configurable:true});Object.defineProperty(MatrixValues.prototype,"numberColumns",{get:function(){return this.numCols},enumerable:true,configurable:true});Object.defineProperty(MatrixValues.prototype,"rows",{get:function(){return this.values.toJS()},enumerable:true,configurable:true});return MatrixValues}();exports.default=MatrixValues;function makeValues(numRows,numColumns,val){if(val===void 0){val=1}var vals=new Array(numRows);for(var i=0;i<numRows;i++){vals[i]=makeRow(numColumns,val)}return immutable_1.List(vals)}function makeRow(numColumns,val){if(val===void 0){val=1}var row=new Array(numColumns);for(var i=0;i<numColumns;i++){row[i]=val}return immutable_1.List(row)}},{immutable:68}],36:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var adapt_1=require("@cycle/run/lib/adapt");var fromEvent_1=require("./fromEvent");var BodyDOMSource=function(){function BodyDOMSource(_name){this._name=_name}BodyDOMSource.prototype.select=function(selector){return this};BodyDOMSource.prototype.elements=function(){var out=adapt_1.adapt(xstream_1.default.of([document.body]));out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};BodyDOMSource.prototype.element=function(){var out=adapt_1.adapt(xstream_1.default.of(document.body));out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};BodyDOMSource.prototype.events=function(eventType,options){if(options===void 0){options={}}var stream;stream=fromEvent_1.fromEvent(document.body,eventType,options.useCapture,options.preventDefault);var out=adapt_1.adapt(stream);out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};return BodyDOMSource}();exports.BodyDOMSource=BodyDOMSource},{"./fromEvent":47,"@cycle/run/lib/adapt":57,xstream:107}],37:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var adapt_1=require("@cycle/run/lib/adapt");var fromEvent_1=require("./fromEvent");var DocumentDOMSource=function(){function DocumentDOMSource(_name){this._name=_name}DocumentDOMSource.prototype.select=function(selector){return this};DocumentDOMSource.prototype.elements=function(){var out=adapt_1.adapt(xstream_1.default.of([document]));out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};DocumentDOMSource.prototype.element=function(){var out=adapt_1.adapt(xstream_1.default.of(document));out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};DocumentDOMSource.prototype.events=function(eventType,options){if(options===void 0){options={}}var stream;stream=fromEvent_1.fromEvent(document,eventType,options.useCapture,options.preventDefault);var out=adapt_1.adapt(stream);out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};return DocumentDOMSource}();exports.DocumentDOMSource=DocumentDOMSource},{"./fromEvent":47,"@cycle/run/lib/adapt":57,xstream:107}],38:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var ScopeChecker_1=require("./ScopeChecker");var utils_1=require("./utils");function toElArray(input){return Array.prototype.slice.call(input)}var ElementFinder=function(){function ElementFinder(namespace,isolateModule){this.namespace=namespace;this.isolateModule=isolateModule}ElementFinder.prototype.call=function(){var namespace=this.namespace;var selector=utils_1.getSelectors(namespace);var scopeChecker=new ScopeChecker_1.ScopeChecker(namespace,this.isolateModule);var topNode=this.isolateModule.getElement(namespace.filter(function(n){return n.type!=="selector"}));if(topNode===undefined){return[]}if(selector===""){return[topNode]}return toElArray(topNode.querySelectorAll(selector)).filter(scopeChecker.isDirectlyInScope,scopeChecker).concat(topNode.matches(selector)?[topNode]:[])};return ElementFinder}();exports.ElementFinder=ElementFinder},{"./ScopeChecker":44,"./utils":55}],39:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var ScopeChecker_1=require("./ScopeChecker");var utils_1=require("./utils");var ElementFinder_1=require("./ElementFinder");var SymbolTree_1=require("./SymbolTree");var RemovalSet_1=require("./RemovalSet");var PriorityQueue_1=require("./PriorityQueue");var fromEvent_1=require("./fromEvent");exports.eventTypesThatDontBubble=["blur","canplay","canplaythrough","durationchange","emptied","ended","focus","load","loadeddata","loadedmetadata","mouseenter","mouseleave","pause","play","playing","ratechange","reset","scroll","seeked","seeking","stalled","submit","suspend","timeupdate","unload","volumechange","waiting"];var EventDelegator=function(){function EventDelegator(rootElement$,isolateModule){var _this=this;this.rootElement$=rootElement$;this.isolateModule=isolateModule;this.virtualListeners=new SymbolTree_1.default(function(x){return x.scope});this.nonBubblingListenersToAdd=new RemovalSet_1.default;this.virtualNonBubblingListener=[];this.isolateModule.setEventDelegator(this);this.domListeners=new Map;this.domListenersToAdd=new Map;this.nonBubblingListeners=new Map;rootElement$.addListener({next:function(el){if(_this.origin!==el){_this.origin=el;_this.resetEventListeners();_this.domListenersToAdd.forEach(function(passive,type){return _this.setupDOMListener(type,passive)});_this.domListenersToAdd.clear()}_this.resetNonBubblingListeners();_this.nonBubblingListenersToAdd.forEach(function(arr){_this.setupNonBubblingListener(arr)})}})}EventDelegator.prototype.addEventListener=function(eventType,namespace,options,bubbles){var subject=xstream_1.default.never();var scopeChecker=new ScopeChecker_1.ScopeChecker(namespace,this.isolateModule);var dest=this.insertListener(subject,scopeChecker,eventType,options);var shouldBubble=bubbles===undefined?exports.eventTypesThatDontBubble.indexOf(eventType)===-1:bubbles;if(shouldBubble){if(!this.domListeners.has(eventType)){this.setupDOMListener(eventType,!!options.passive)}}else{var finder=new ElementFinder_1.ElementFinder(namespace,this.isolateModule);this.setupNonBubblingListener([eventType,finder,dest])}return subject};EventDelegator.prototype.removeElement=function(element,namespace){if(namespace!==undefined){this.virtualListeners.delete(namespace)}var toRemove=[];this.nonBubblingListeners.forEach(function(map,type){if(map.has(element)){toRemove.push([type,element])}});for(var i=0;i<toRemove.length;i++){var map=this.nonBubblingListeners.get(toRemove[i][0]);if(!map){continue}map.delete(toRemove[i][1]);if(map.size===0){this.nonBubblingListeners.delete(toRemove[i][0])}else{this.nonBubblingListeners.set(toRemove[i][0],map)}}};EventDelegator.prototype.insertListener=function(subject,scopeChecker,eventType,options){var relevantSets=[];var n=scopeChecker._namespace;var max=n.length;do{relevantSets.push(this.getVirtualListeners(eventType,n,true,max));max--}while(max>=0&&n[max].type!=="total");var destination=__assign({},options,{scopeChecker:scopeChecker,subject:subject,bubbles:!!options.bubbles,useCapture:!!options.useCapture,passive:!!options.passive});for(var i=0;i<relevantSets.length;i++){relevantSets[i].add(destination,n.length)}return destination};EventDelegator.prototype.getVirtualListeners=function(eventType,namespace,exact,max){if(exact===void 0){exact=false}var _max=max!==undefined?max:namespace.length;if(!exact){for(var i=_max-1;i>=0;i--){if(namespace[i].type==="total"){_max=i+1;break}_max=i}}var map=this.virtualListeners.getDefault(namespace,function(){return new Map},_max);if(!map.has(eventType)){map.set(eventType,new PriorityQueue_1.default)}return map.get(eventType)};EventDelegator.prototype.setupDOMListener=function(eventType,passive){var _this=this;if(this.origin){var sub=fromEvent_1.fromEvent(this.origin,eventType,false,false,passive).subscribe({next:function(event){return _this.onEvent(eventType,event,passive)},error:function(){},complete:function(){}});this.domListeners.set(eventType,{sub:sub,passive:passive})}else{this.domListenersToAdd.set(eventType,passive)}};EventDelegator.prototype.setupNonBubblingListener=function(input){var _this=this;var eventType=input[0],elementFinder=input[1],destination=input[2];if(!this.origin){this.nonBubblingListenersToAdd.add(input);return}var element=elementFinder.call()[0];if(element){this.nonBubblingListenersToAdd.delete(input);var sub=fromEvent_1.fromEvent(element,eventType,false,false,destination.passive).subscribe({next:function(ev){return _this.onEvent(eventType,ev,!!destination.passive,false)},error:function(){},complete:function(){}});if(!this.nonBubblingListeners.has(eventType)){this.nonBubblingListeners.set(eventType,new Map)}var map=this.nonBubblingListeners.get(eventType);if(!map){return}map.set(element,{sub:sub,destination:destination})}else{this.nonBubblingListenersToAdd.add(input)}};EventDelegator.prototype.resetEventListeners=function(){var iter=this.domListeners.entries();var curr=iter.next();while(!curr.done){var _a=curr.value,type=_a[0],_b=_a[1],sub=_b.sub,passive=_b.passive;sub.unsubscribe();this.setupDOMListener(type,passive);curr=iter.next()}};EventDelegator.prototype.resetNonBubblingListeners=function(){var _this=this;var newMap=new Map;var insert=utils_1.makeInsert(newMap);this.nonBubblingListeners.forEach(function(map,type){map.forEach(function(value,elm){if(!document.body.contains(elm)){var sub=value.sub,destination_1=value.destination;if(sub){sub.unsubscribe()}var elementFinder=new ElementFinder_1.ElementFinder(destination_1.scopeChecker.namespace,_this.isolateModule);var newElm=elementFinder.call()[0];var newSub=fromEvent_1.fromEvent(newElm,type,false,false,destination_1.passive).subscribe({next:function(event){return _this.onEvent(type,event,!!destination_1.passive,false)},error:function(){},complete:function(){}});insert(type,newElm,{sub:newSub,destination:destination_1})}else{insert(type,elm,value)}});_this.nonBubblingListeners=newMap})};EventDelegator.prototype.putNonBubblingListener=function(eventType,elm,useCapture,passive){var map=this.nonBubblingListeners.get(eventType);if(!map){return}var listener=map.get(elm);if(listener&&listener.destination.passive===passive&&listener.destination.useCapture===useCapture){this.virtualNonBubblingListener[0]=listener.destination}};EventDelegator.prototype.onEvent=function(eventType,event,passive,bubbles){if(bubbles===void 0){bubbles=true}var cycleEvent=this.patchEvent(event);var rootElement=this.isolateModule.getRootElement(event.target);if(bubbles){var namespace=this.isolateModule.getNamespace(event.target);if(!namespace){return}var listeners=this.getVirtualListeners(eventType,namespace);this.bubble(eventType,event.target,rootElement,cycleEvent,listeners,namespace,namespace.length-1,true,passive);this.bubble(eventType,event.target,rootElement,cycleEvent,listeners,namespace,namespace.length-1,false,passive)}else{this.putNonBubblingListener(eventType,event.target,true,passive);this.doBubbleStep(eventType,event.target,rootElement,cycleEvent,this.virtualNonBubblingListener,true,passive);this.putNonBubblingListener(eventType,event.target,false,passive);this.doBubbleStep(eventType,event.target,rootElement,cycleEvent,this.virtualNonBubblingListener,false,passive);event.stopPropagation()}};EventDelegator.prototype.bubble=function(eventType,elm,rootElement,event,listeners,namespace,index,useCapture,passive){if(!useCapture&&!event.propagationHasBeenStopped){this.doBubbleStep(eventType,elm,rootElement,event,listeners,useCapture,passive)}var newRoot=rootElement;var newIndex=index;if(elm===rootElement){if(index>=0&&namespace[index].type==="sibling"){newRoot=this.isolateModule.getElement(namespace,index);newIndex--}else{return}}if(elm.parentNode&&newRoot){this.bubble(eventType,elm.parentNode,newRoot,event,listeners,namespace,newIndex,useCapture,passive)}if(useCapture&&!event.propagationHasBeenStopped){this.doBubbleStep(eventType,elm,rootElement,event,listeners,useCapture,passive)}}
;EventDelegator.prototype.doBubbleStep=function(eventType,elm,rootElement,event,listeners,useCapture,passive){if(!rootElement){return}this.mutateEventCurrentTarget(event,elm);listeners.forEach(function(dest){if(dest.passive===passive&&dest.useCapture===useCapture){var sel=utils_1.getSelectors(dest.scopeChecker.namespace);if(!event.propagationHasBeenStopped&&dest.scopeChecker.isDirectlyInScope(elm)&&(sel!==""&&elm.matches(sel)||sel===""&&elm===rootElement)){fromEvent_1.preventDefaultConditional(event,dest.preventDefault);dest.subject.shamefullySendNext(event)}}})};EventDelegator.prototype.patchEvent=function(event){var pEvent=event;pEvent.propagationHasBeenStopped=false;var oldStopPropagation=pEvent.stopPropagation;pEvent.stopPropagation=function stopPropagation(){oldStopPropagation.call(this);this.propagationHasBeenStopped=true};return pEvent};EventDelegator.prototype.mutateEventCurrentTarget=function(event,currentTargetElement){try{Object.defineProperty(event,"currentTarget",{value:currentTargetElement,configurable:true})}catch(err){console.log("please use event.ownerTarget")}event.ownerTarget=currentTargetElement};return EventDelegator}();exports.EventDelegator=EventDelegator},{"./ElementFinder":38,"./PriorityQueue":42,"./RemovalSet":43,"./ScopeChecker":44,"./SymbolTree":45,"./fromEvent":47,"./utils":55,xstream:107}],40:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var utils_1=require("./utils");var SymbolTree_1=require("./SymbolTree");var IsolateModule=function(){function IsolateModule(){this.namespaceTree=new SymbolTree_1.default(function(x){return x.scope});this.namespaceByElement=new Map;this.vnodesBeingRemoved=[]}IsolateModule.prototype.setEventDelegator=function(del){this.eventDelegator=del};IsolateModule.prototype.insertElement=function(namespace,el){this.namespaceByElement.set(el,namespace);this.namespaceTree.set(namespace,el)};IsolateModule.prototype.removeElement=function(elm){this.namespaceByElement.delete(elm);var namespace=this.getNamespace(elm);if(namespace){this.namespaceTree.delete(namespace)}};IsolateModule.prototype.getElement=function(namespace,max){return this.namespaceTree.get(namespace,undefined,max)};IsolateModule.prototype.getRootElement=function(elm){if(this.namespaceByElement.has(elm)){return elm}var curr=elm;while(!this.namespaceByElement.has(curr)){curr=curr.parentNode;if(!curr){return undefined}else if(curr.tagName==="HTML"){throw new Error("No root element found, this should not happen at all")}}return curr};IsolateModule.prototype.getNamespace=function(elm){var rootElement=this.getRootElement(elm);if(!rootElement){return undefined}return this.namespaceByElement.get(rootElement)};IsolateModule.prototype.createModule=function(){var self=this;return{create:function(emptyVNode,vNode){var elm=vNode.elm,_a=vNode.data,data=_a===void 0?{}:_a;var namespace=data.isolate;if(Array.isArray(namespace)){self.insertElement(namespace,elm)}},update:function(oldVNode,vNode){var oldElm=oldVNode.elm,_a=oldVNode.data,oldData=_a===void 0?{}:_a;var elm=vNode.elm,_b=vNode.data,data=_b===void 0?{}:_b;var oldNamespace=oldData.isolate;var namespace=data.isolate;if(!utils_1.isEqualNamespace(oldNamespace,namespace)){if(Array.isArray(oldNamespace)){self.removeElement(oldElm)}}if(Array.isArray(namespace)){self.insertElement(namespace,elm)}},destroy:function(vNode){self.vnodesBeingRemoved.push(vNode)},remove:function(vNode,cb){self.vnodesBeingRemoved.push(vNode);cb()},post:function(){var vnodesBeingRemoved=self.vnodesBeingRemoved;for(var i=vnodesBeingRemoved.length-1;i>=0;i--){var vnode=vnodesBeingRemoved[i];var namespace=vnode.data!==undefined?vnode.data.isolation:undefined;if(namespace!==undefined){self.removeElement(namespace)}self.eventDelegator.removeElement(vnode.elm,namespace)}self.vnodesBeingRemoved=[]}}};return IsolateModule}();exports.IsolateModule=IsolateModule},{"./SymbolTree":45,"./utils":55}],41:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var adapt_1=require("@cycle/run/lib/adapt");var DocumentDOMSource_1=require("./DocumentDOMSource");var BodyDOMSource_1=require("./BodyDOMSource");var ElementFinder_1=require("./ElementFinder");var isolate_1=require("./isolate");var MainDOMSource=function(){function MainDOMSource(_rootElement$,_sanitation$,_namespace,_isolateModule,_eventDelegator,_name){if(_namespace===void 0){_namespace=[]}this._rootElement$=_rootElement$;this._sanitation$=_sanitation$;this._namespace=_namespace;this._isolateModule=_isolateModule;this._eventDelegator=_eventDelegator;this._name=_name;this.isolateSource=function(source,scope){return new MainDOMSource(source._rootElement$,source._sanitation$,source._namespace.concat(isolate_1.getScopeObj(scope)),source._isolateModule,source._eventDelegator,source._name)};this.isolateSink=isolate_1.makeIsolateSink(this._namespace)}MainDOMSource.prototype._elements=function(){if(this._namespace.length===0){return this._rootElement$.map(function(x){return[x]})}else{var elementFinder_1=new ElementFinder_1.ElementFinder(this._namespace,this._isolateModule);return this._rootElement$.map(function(){return elementFinder_1.call()})}};MainDOMSource.prototype.elements=function(){var out=adapt_1.adapt(this._elements().remember());out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};MainDOMSource.prototype.element=function(){var out=adapt_1.adapt(this._elements().filter(function(arr){return arr.length>0}).map(function(arr){return arr[0]}).remember());out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};Object.defineProperty(MainDOMSource.prototype,"namespace",{get:function(){return this._namespace},enumerable:true,configurable:true});MainDOMSource.prototype.select=function(selector){if(typeof selector!=="string"){throw new Error("DOM driver's select() expects the argument to be a "+"string as a CSS selector")}if(selector==="document"){return new DocumentDOMSource_1.DocumentDOMSource(this._name)}if(selector==="body"){return new BodyDOMSource_1.BodyDOMSource(this._name)}var namespace=selector===":root"?[]:this._namespace.concat({type:"selector",scope:selector.trim()});return new MainDOMSource(this._rootElement$,this._sanitation$,namespace,this._isolateModule,this._eventDelegator,this._name)};MainDOMSource.prototype.events=function(eventType,options,bubbles){if(options===void 0){options={}}if(typeof eventType!=="string"){throw new Error("DOM driver's events() expects argument to be a "+"string representing the event type to listen for.")}var event$=this._eventDelegator.addEventListener(eventType,this._namespace,options,bubbles);var out=adapt_1.adapt(event$);out._isCycleSource=this._name;return out};MainDOMSource.prototype.dispose=function(){this._sanitation$.shamefullySendNext(null)};return MainDOMSource}();exports.MainDOMSource=MainDOMSource},{"./BodyDOMSource":36,"./DocumentDOMSource":37,"./ElementFinder":38,"./isolate":50,"@cycle/run/lib/adapt":57}],42:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var PriorityQueue=function(){function PriorityQueue(){this.arr=[];this.prios=[]}PriorityQueue.prototype.add=function(t,prio){for(var i=0;i<this.arr.length;i++){if(this.prios[i]<prio){this.arr.splice(i,0,t);this.prios.splice(i,0,prio);return}}this.arr.push(t);this.prios.push(prio)};PriorityQueue.prototype.forEach=function(f){for(var i=0;i<this.arr.length;i++){f(this.arr[i],i,this.arr)}};PriorityQueue.prototype.delete=function(t){for(var i=0;i<this.arr.length;i++){if(this.arr[i]===t){this.arr.splice(i,1);this.prios.splice(i,1);return}}};return PriorityQueue}();exports.default=PriorityQueue},{}],43:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var RemovalSet=function(){function RemovalSet(){this.toDelete=[];this.toDeleteSize=0;this._set=new Set}RemovalSet.prototype.add=function(t){this._set.add(t)};RemovalSet.prototype.forEach=function(f){this._set.forEach(f);this.flush()};RemovalSet.prototype.delete=function(t){if(this.toDelete.length===this.toDeleteSize){this.toDelete.push(t)}else{this.toDelete[this.toDeleteSize]=t}this.toDeleteSize++};RemovalSet.prototype.flush=function(){for(var i=0;i<this.toDelete.length;i++){if(i<this.toDeleteSize){this._set.delete(this.toDelete[i])}this.toDelete[i]=undefined}this.toDeleteSize=0};return RemovalSet}();exports.default=RemovalSet},{}],44:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var utils_1=require("./utils");var ScopeChecker=function(){function ScopeChecker(namespace,isolateModule){this.namespace=namespace;this.isolateModule=isolateModule;this._namespace=namespace.filter(function(n){return n.type!=="selector"})}ScopeChecker.prototype.isDirectlyInScope=function(leaf){var namespace=this.isolateModule.getNamespace(leaf);if(!namespace){return false}if(this._namespace.length>namespace.length||!utils_1.isEqualNamespace(this._namespace,namespace.slice(0,this._namespace.length))){return false}for(var i=this._namespace.length;i<namespace.length;i++){if(namespace[i].type==="total"){return false}}return true};return ScopeChecker}();exports.ScopeChecker=ScopeChecker},{"./utils":55}],45:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var SymbolTree=function(){function SymbolTree(mapper){this.mapper=mapper;this.tree=[undefined,{}]}SymbolTree.prototype.set=function(path,element,max){var curr=this.tree;var _max=max!==undefined?max:path.length;for(var i=0;i<_max;i++){var n=this.mapper(path[i]);var child=curr[1][n];if(!child){child=[undefined,{}];curr[1][n]=child}curr=child}curr[0]=element};SymbolTree.prototype.getDefault=function(path,mkDefaultElement,max){return this.get(path,mkDefaultElement,max)};SymbolTree.prototype.get=function(path,mkDefaultElement,max){var curr=this.tree;var _max=max!==undefined?max:path.length;for(var i=0;i<_max;i++){var n=this.mapper(path[i]);var child=curr[1][n];if(!child){if(mkDefaultElement){child=[undefined,{}];curr[1][n]=child}else{return undefined}}curr=child}if(mkDefaultElement&&!curr[0]){curr[0]=mkDefaultElement()}return curr[0]};SymbolTree.prototype.delete=function(path){var curr=this.tree;for(var i=0;i<path.length-1;i++){var child=curr[1][this.mapper(path[i])];if(!child){return}curr=child}delete curr[1][this.mapper(path[path.length-1])]};return SymbolTree}();exports.default=SymbolTree},{}],46:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var vnode_1=require("snabbdom/vnode");var h_1=require("snabbdom/h");var snabbdom_selector_1=require("snabbdom-selector");var utils_1=require("./utils");var VNodeWrapper=function(){function VNodeWrapper(rootElement){this.rootElement=rootElement}VNodeWrapper.prototype.call=function(vnode){if(utils_1.isDocFrag(this.rootElement)){return this.wrapDocFrag(vnode===null?[]:[vnode])}if(vnode===null){return this.wrap([])}var _a=snabbdom_selector_1.selectorParser(vnode),selTagName=_a.tagName,selId=_a.id;var vNodeClassName=snabbdom_selector_1.classNameFromVNode(vnode);var vNodeData=vnode.data||{};var vNodeDataProps=vNodeData.props||{};var _b=vNodeDataProps.id,vNodeId=_b===void 0?selId:_b;var isVNodeAndRootElementIdentical=typeof vNodeId==="string"&&vNodeId.toUpperCase()===this.rootElement.id.toUpperCase()&&selTagName.toUpperCase()===this.rootElement.tagName.toUpperCase()&&vNodeClassName.toUpperCase()===this.rootElement.className.toUpperCase();if(isVNodeAndRootElementIdentical){return vnode}return this.wrap([vnode])};VNodeWrapper.prototype.wrapDocFrag=function(children){return vnode_1.vnode("",{isolate:[]},children,undefined,this.rootElement)};VNodeWrapper.prototype.wrap=function(children){var _a=this.rootElement,tagName=_a.tagName,id=_a.id,className=_a.className;var selId=id?"#"+id:"";var selClass=className?"."+className.split(" ").join("."):"";var vnode=h_1.h(""+tagName.toLowerCase()+selId+selClass,{},children);vnode.data=vnode.data||{};vnode.data.isolate=vnode.data.isolate||[];return vnode};return VNodeWrapper}();exports.VNodeWrapper=VNodeWrapper},{"./utils":55,"snabbdom-selector":74,"snabbdom/h":78,"snabbdom/vnode":89}],47:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");function fromEvent(element,eventName,useCapture,preventDefault,passive){if(useCapture===void 0){useCapture=false}if(preventDefault===void 0){preventDefault=false}if(passive===void 0){passive=false}return xstream_1.Stream.create({element:element,next:null,start:function start(listener){if(preventDefault){this.next=function next(event){preventDefaultConditional(event,preventDefault);listener.next(event)}}else{this.next=function next(event){listener.next(event)}}this.element.addEventListener(eventName,this.next,{capture:useCapture,passive:passive})},stop:function stop(){this.element.removeEventListener(eventName,this.next,useCapture)}})}exports.fromEvent=fromEvent;function matchObject(matcher,obj){var keys=Object.keys(matcher);var n=keys.length;for(var i=0;i<n;i++){var k=keys[i];if(typeof matcher[k]==="object"&&typeof obj[k]==="object"){if(!matchObject(matcher[k],obj[k])){return false}}else if(matcher[k]!==obj[k]){return false}}return true}function preventDefaultConditional(event,preventDefault){if(preventDefault){if(typeof preventDefault==="boolean"){event.preventDefault()}else if(typeof preventDefault==="function"){if(preventDefault(event)){event.preventDefault()}}else if(typeof preventDefault==="object"){if(matchObject(preventDefault,event)){event.preventDefault()}}else{throw new Error("preventDefault has to be either a boolean, predicate function or object")}}}exports.preventDefaultConditional=preventDefaultConditional},{xstream:107}],48:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var h_1=require("snabbdom/h");function isValidString(param){return typeof param==="string"&¶m.length>0}function isSelector(param){return isValidString(param)&&(param[0]==="."||param[0]==="#")}function createTagFunction(tagName){return function hyperscript(a,b,c){var hasA=typeof a!=="undefined";var hasB=typeof b!=="undefined";var hasC=typeof c!=="undefined";if(isSelector(a)){if(hasB&&hasC){return h_1.h(tagName+a,b,c)}else if(hasB){return h_1.h(tagName+a,b)}else{return h_1.h(tagName+a,{})}}else if(hasC){return h_1.h(tagName+a,b,c)}else if(hasB){return h_1.h(tagName,a,b)}else if(hasA){return h_1.h(tagName,a)}else{return h_1.h(tagName,{})}}}var SVG_TAG_NAMES=["a","altGlyph","altGlyphDef","altGlyphItem","animate","animateColor","animateMotion","animateTransform","circle","clipPath","colorProfile","cursor","defs","desc","ellipse","feBlend","feColorMatrix","feComponentTransfer","feComposite","feConvolveMatrix","feDiffuseLighting","feDisplacementMap","feDistantLight","feFlood","feFuncA","feFuncB","feFuncG","feFuncR","feGaussianBlur","feImage","feMerge","feMergeNode","feMorphology","feOffset","fePointLight","feSpecularLighting","feSpotlight","feTile","feTurbulence","filter","font","fontFace","fontFaceFormat","fontFaceName","fontFaceSrc","fontFaceUri","foreignObject","g","glyph","glyphRef","hkern","image","line","linearGradient","marker","mask","metadata","missingGlyph","mpath","path","pattern","polygon","polyline","radialGradient","rect","script","set","stop","style","switch","symbol","text","textPath","title","tref","tspan","use","view","vkern"];var svg=createTagFunction("svg");SVG_TAG_NAMES.forEach(function(tag){svg[tag]=createTagFunction(tag)});var TAG_NAMES=["a","abbr","address","area","article","aside","audio","b","base","bdi","bdo","blockquote","body","br","button","canvas","caption","cite","code","col","colgroup","dd","del","details","dfn","dir","div","dl","dt","em","embed","fieldset","figcaption","figure","footer","form","h1","h2","h3","h4","h5","h6","head","header","hgroup","hr","html","i","iframe","img","input","ins","kbd","keygen","label","legend","li","link","main","map","mark","menu","meta","nav","noscript","object","ol","optgroup","option","p","param","pre","progress","q","rp","rt","ruby","s","samp","script","section","select","small","source","span","strong","style","sub","summary","sup","table","tbody","td","textarea","tfoot","th","thead","time","title","tr","u","ul","video"];var exported={SVG_TAG_NAMES:SVG_TAG_NAMES,TAG_NAMES:TAG_NAMES,svg:svg,isSelector:isSelector,createTagFunction:createTagFunction};TAG_NAMES.forEach(function(n){exported[n]=createTagFunction(n)});exports.default=exported},{"snabbdom/h":78}],49:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var thunk_1=require("./thunk");exports.thunk=thunk_1.thunk;var MainDOMSource_1=require("./MainDOMSource");exports.MainDOMSource=MainDOMSource_1.MainDOMSource;var makeDOMDriver_1=require("./makeDOMDriver");exports.makeDOMDriver=makeDOMDriver_1.makeDOMDriver;var mockDOMSource_1=require("./mockDOMSource");exports.mockDOMSource=mockDOMSource_1.mockDOMSource;exports.MockedDOMSource=mockDOMSource_1.MockedDOMSource;var h_1=require("snabbdom/h");exports.h=h_1.h;var hyperscript_helpers_1=require("./hyperscript-helpers");exports.svg=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.svg;exports.a=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.a;exports.abbr=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.abbr;exports.address=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.address;exports.area=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.area;exports.article=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.article;exports.aside=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.aside;exports.audio=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.audio;exports.b=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.b;exports.base=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.base;exports.bdi=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.bdi;exports.bdo=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.bdo;exports.blockquote=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.blockquote;exports.body=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.body;exports.br=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.br;exports.button=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.button;exports.canvas=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.canvas;exports.caption=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.caption;exports.cite=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.cite;exports.code=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.code;exports.col=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.col;exports.colgroup=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.colgroup;exports.dd=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.dd;exports.del=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.del;exports.dfn=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.dfn;exports.dir=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.dir;exports.div=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.div;exports.dl=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.dl;exports.dt=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.dt;exports.em=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.em;exports.embed=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.embed;exports.fieldset=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.fieldset;exports.figcaption=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.figcaption;exports.figure=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.figure;exports.footer=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.footer;exports.form=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.form;exports.h1=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.h1;exports.h2=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.h2;exports.h3=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.h3;exports.h4=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.h4;exports.h5=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.h5;exports.h6=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.h6;exports.head=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.head;exports.header=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.header;exports.hgroup=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.hgroup;exports.hr=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.hr;exports.html=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.html;exports.i=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.i;exports.iframe=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.iframe;exports.img=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.img;exports.input=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.input;exports.ins=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.ins;exports.kbd=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.kbd;exports.keygen=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.keygen;exports.label=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.label;exports.legend=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.legend;exports.li=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.li;exports.link=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.link;exports.main=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.main;exports.map=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.map;exports.mark=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.mark;exports.menu=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.menu;exports.meta=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.meta;exports.nav=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.nav;exports.noscript=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.noscript;exports.object=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.object;exports.ol=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.ol;exports.optgroup=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.optgroup;exports.option=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.option;exports.p=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.p;exports.param=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.param;exports.pre=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.pre;exports.progress=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.progress;exports.q=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.q;exports.rp=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.rp;exports.rt=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.rt;exports.ruby=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.ruby;exports.s=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.s;exports.samp=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.samp;exports.script=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.script;exports.section=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.section;exports.select=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.select;exports.small=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.small;exports.source=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.source;exports.span=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.span;exports.strong=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.strong;exports.style=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.style;exports.sub=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.sub;exports.sup=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.sup;exports.table=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.table;exports.tbody=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.tbody;exports.td=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.td;exports.textarea=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.textarea;exports.tfoot=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.tfoot;exports.th=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.th;exports.thead=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.thead;exports.title=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.title;exports.tr=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.tr;exports.u=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.u;exports.ul=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.ul;exports.video=hyperscript_helpers_1.default.video},{"./MainDOMSource":41,"./hyperscript-helpers":48,"./makeDOMDriver":51,"./mockDOMSource":52,"./thunk":54,"snabbdom/h":78}],50:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var utils_1=require("./utils");function makeIsolateSink(namespace){return function(sink,scope){if(scope===":root"){return sink}return sink.map(function(node){if(!node){return node}var scopeObj=getScopeObj(scope);var newNode=__assign({},node,{data:__assign({},node.data,{isolate:!node.data||!Array.isArray(node.data.isolate)?namespace.concat([scopeObj]):node.data.isolate})});return __assign({},newNode,{key:newNode.key!==undefined?newNode.key:JSON.stringify(newNode.data.isolate)})})}}exports.makeIsolateSink=makeIsolateSink;function getScopeObj(scope){return{type:utils_1.isClassOrId(scope)?"sibling":"total",scope:scope}}exports.getScopeObj=getScopeObj},{"./utils":55}],51:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var snabbdom_1=require("snabbdom");var xstream_1=require("xstream");var concat_1=require("xstream/extra/concat");var sampleCombine_1=require("xstream/extra/sampleCombine");var MainDOMSource_1=require("./MainDOMSource");var tovnode_1=require("snabbdom/tovnode");var VNodeWrapper_1=require("./VNodeWrapper");var utils_1=require("./utils");var modules_1=require("./modules");var IsolateModule_1=require("./IsolateModule");var EventDelegator_1=require("./EventDelegator");function makeDOMDriverInputGuard(modules){if(!Array.isArray(modules)){throw new Error("Optional modules option must be an array for snabbdom modules")}}function domDriverInputGuard(view$){if(!view$||typeof view$.addListener!=="function"||typeof view$.fold!=="function"){throw new Error("The DOM driver function expects as input a Stream of "+"virtual DOM elements")}}function dropCompletion(input){return xstream_1.default.merge(input,xstream_1.default.never())}function unwrapElementFromVNode(vnode){return vnode.elm}function reportSnabbdomError(err){(console.error||console.log)(err)}function makeDOMReady$(){return xstream_1.default.create({start:function(lis){if(document.readyState==="loading"){document.addEventListener("readystatechange",function(){var state=document.readyState;if(state==="interactive"||state==="complete"){lis.next(null);lis.complete()}})}else{lis.next(null);lis.complete()}},stop:function(){}})}function addRootScope(vnode){vnode.data=vnode.data||{};vnode.data.isolate=[];return vnode}function makeDOMDriver(container,options){if(!options){options={}}utils_1.checkValidContainer(container);var modules=options.modules||modules_1.default;makeDOMDriverInputGuard(modules);var isolateModule=new IsolateModule_1.IsolateModule;var patch=snabbdom_1.init([isolateModule.createModule()].concat(modules));var domReady$=makeDOMReady$();var vnodeWrapper;var mutationObserver;var mutationConfirmed$=xstream_1.default.create({start:function(listener){mutationObserver=new MutationObserver(function(){return listener.next(null)})},stop:function(){mutationObserver.disconnect()}});function DOMDriver(vnode$,name){if(name===void 0){name="DOM"}domDriverInputGuard(vnode$);var sanitation$=xstream_1.default.create();var firstRoot$=domReady$.map(function(){var firstRoot=utils_1.getValidNode(container)||document.body;vnodeWrapper=new VNodeWrapper_1.VNodeWrapper(firstRoot);return firstRoot});var rememberedVNode$=vnode$.remember();rememberedVNode$.addListener({});mutationConfirmed$.addListener({});var elementAfterPatch$=firstRoot$.map(function(firstRoot){return xstream_1.default.merge(rememberedVNode$.endWhen(sanitation$),sanitation$).map(function(vnode){return vnodeWrapper.call(vnode)}).startWith(addRootScope(tovnode_1.toVNode(firstRoot))).fold(patch,tovnode_1.toVNode(firstRoot)).drop(1).map(unwrapElementFromVNode).startWith(firstRoot).map(function(el){mutationObserver.observe(el,{childList:true,attributes:true,characterData:true,subtree:true,attributeOldValue:true,characterDataOldValue:true});return el}).compose(dropCompletion)}).flatten();var rootElement$=concat_1.default(domReady$,mutationConfirmed$).endWhen(sanitation$).compose(sampleCombine_1.default(elementAfterPatch$)).map(function(arr){return arr[1]}).remember();rootElement$.addListener({error:reportSnabbdomError});var delegator=new EventDelegator_1.EventDelegator(rootElement$,isolateModule);return new MainDOMSource_1.MainDOMSource(rootElement$,sanitation$,[],isolateModule,delegator,name)}return DOMDriver}exports.makeDOMDriver=makeDOMDriver},{"./EventDelegator":39,"./IsolateModule":40,"./MainDOMSource":41,"./VNodeWrapper":46,"./modules":53,"./utils":55,snabbdom:86,"snabbdom/tovnode":88,xstream:107,"xstream/extra/concat":102,"xstream/extra/sampleCombine":105}],52:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var adapt_1=require("@cycle/run/lib/adapt");var SCOPE_PREFIX="___";var MockedDOMSource=function(){function MockedDOMSource(_mockConfig){this._mockConfig=_mockConfig;if(_mockConfig.elements){this._elements=_mockConfig.elements}else{this._elements=adapt_1.adapt(xstream_1.default.empty())}}MockedDOMSource.prototype.elements=function(){var out=this._elements;out._isCycleSource="MockedDOM";return out};MockedDOMSource.prototype.element=function(){var output$=this.elements().filter(function(arr){return arr.length>0}).map(function(arr){return arr[0]}).remember();var out=adapt_1.adapt(output$);out._isCycleSource="MockedDOM";return out};MockedDOMSource.prototype.events=function(eventType,options){var streamForEventType=this._mockConfig[eventType];var out=adapt_1.adapt(streamForEventType||xstream_1.default.empty());out._isCycleSource="MockedDOM";return out};MockedDOMSource.prototype.select=function(selector){var mockConfigForSelector=this._mockConfig[selector]||{};return new MockedDOMSource(mockConfigForSelector)};MockedDOMSource.prototype.isolateSource=function(source,scope){return source.select("."+SCOPE_PREFIX+scope)};MockedDOMSource.prototype.isolateSink=function(sink,scope){return adapt_1.adapt(xstream_1.default.fromObservable(sink).map(function(vnode){if(vnode.sel&&vnode.sel.indexOf(SCOPE_PREFIX+scope)!==-1){return vnode}else{vnode.sel+="."+SCOPE_PREFIX+scope;return vnode}}))};return MockedDOMSource}();exports.MockedDOMSource=MockedDOMSource;function mockDOMSource(mockConfig){return new MockedDOMSource(mockConfig)}exports.mockDOMSource=mockDOMSource},{"@cycle/run/lib/adapt":57,xstream:107}],53:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var class_1=require("snabbdom/modules/class");exports.ClassModule=class_1.default;var props_1=require("snabbdom/modules/props");exports.PropsModule=props_1.default;var attributes_1=require("snabbdom/modules/attributes");exports.AttrsModule=attributes_1.default;var style_1=require("snabbdom/modules/style");exports.StyleModule=style_1.default;var dataset_1=require("snabbdom/modules/dataset");exports.DatasetModule=dataset_1.default;var modules=[style_1.default,class_1.default,props_1.default,attributes_1.default,dataset_1.default];exports.default=modules},{"snabbdom/modules/attributes":81,"snabbdom/modules/class":82,"snabbdom/modules/dataset":83,"snabbdom/modules/props":84,"snabbdom/modules/style":85}],54:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var h_1=require("snabbdom/h");function copyToThunk(vnode,thunkVNode){thunkVNode.elm=vnode.elm;vnode.data.fn=thunkVNode.data.fn;vnode.data.args=thunkVNode.data.args;vnode.data.isolate=thunkVNode.data.isolate;thunkVNode.data=vnode.data;thunkVNode.children=vnode.children;thunkVNode.text=vnode.text;thunkVNode.elm=vnode.elm}function init(thunkVNode){var cur=thunkVNode.data;var vnode=cur.fn.apply(undefined,cur.args);copyToThunk(vnode,thunkVNode)}function prepatch(oldVnode,thunkVNode){var old=oldVnode.data,cur=thunkVNode.data;var i;var oldArgs=old.args,args=cur.args;if(old.fn!==cur.fn||oldArgs.length!==args.length){copyToThunk(cur.fn.apply(undefined,args),thunkVNode)}for(i=0;i<args.length;++i){if(oldArgs[i]!==args[i]){copyToThunk(cur.fn.apply(undefined,args),thunkVNode);return}}copyToThunk(oldVnode,thunkVNode)}function thunk(sel,key,fn,args){if(args===undefined){args=fn;fn=key;key=undefined}return h_1.h(sel,{key:key,hook:{init:init,prepatch:prepatch},fn:fn,args:args})}exports.thunk=thunk;exports.default=thunk},{"snabbdom/h":78}],55:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function isValidNode(obj){var ELEM_TYPE=1;var FRAG_TYPE=11;return typeof HTMLElement==="object"?obj instanceof HTMLElement||obj instanceof DocumentFragment:obj&&typeof obj==="object"&&obj!==null&&(obj.nodeType===ELEM_TYPE||obj.nodeType===FRAG_TYPE)&&typeof obj.nodeName==="string"}function isClassOrId(str){return str.length>1&&(str[0]==="."||str[0]==="#")}exports.isClassOrId=isClassOrId;function isDocFrag(el){return el.nodeType===11}exports.isDocFrag=isDocFrag;function checkValidContainer(container){if(typeof container!=="string"&&!isValidNode(container)){throw new Error("Given container is not a DOM element neither a selector string.")}}exports.checkValidContainer=checkValidContainer;function getValidNode(selectors){var domElement=typeof selectors==="string"?document.querySelector(selectors):selectors;if(typeof selectors==="string"&&domElement===null){throw new Error("Cannot render into unknown element `"+selectors+"`")}return domElement}exports.getValidNode=getValidNode;function getSelectors(namespace){var res="";for(var i=namespace.length-1;i>=0;i--){if(namespace[i].type!=="selector"){break}res=namespace[i].scope+" "+res}return res.trim()}exports.getSelectors=getSelectors
;function isEqualNamespace(a,b){if(!Array.isArray(a)||!Array.isArray(b)||a.length!==b.length){return false}for(var i=0;i<a.length;i++){if(a[i].type!==b[i].type||a[i].scope!==b[i].scope){return false}}return true}exports.isEqualNamespace=isEqualNamespace;function makeInsert(map){return function(type,elm,value){if(map.has(type)){var innerMap=map.get(type);innerMap.set(elm,value)}else{var innerMap=new Map;innerMap.set(elm,value);map.set(type,innerMap)}}}exports.makeInsert=makeInsert},{}],56:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var adapt_1=require("@cycle/run/lib/adapt");function checkIsolateArgs(dataflowComponent,scope){if(typeof dataflowComponent!=="function"){throw new Error("First argument given to isolate() must be a "+"'dataflowComponent' function")}if(scope===null){throw new Error("Second argument given to isolate() must not be null")}}function normalizeScopes(sources,scopes,randomScope){var perChannel={};Object.keys(sources).forEach(function(channel){if(typeof scopes==="string"){perChannel[channel]=scopes;return}var candidate=scopes[channel];if(typeof candidate!=="undefined"){perChannel[channel]=candidate;return}var wildcard=scopes["*"];if(typeof wildcard!=="undefined"){perChannel[channel]=wildcard;return}perChannel[channel]=randomScope});return perChannel}function isolateAllSources(outerSources,scopes){var innerSources={};for(var channel in outerSources){var outerSource=outerSources[channel];if(outerSources.hasOwnProperty(channel)&&outerSource&&scopes[channel]!==null&&typeof outerSource.isolateSource==="function"){innerSources[channel]=outerSource.isolateSource(outerSource,scopes[channel])}else if(outerSources.hasOwnProperty(channel)){innerSources[channel]=outerSources[channel]}}return innerSources}function isolateAllSinks(sources,innerSinks,scopes){var outerSinks={};for(var channel in innerSinks){var source=sources[channel];var innerSink=innerSinks[channel];if(innerSinks.hasOwnProperty(channel)&&source&&scopes[channel]!==null&&typeof source.isolateSink==="function"){outerSinks[channel]=adapt_1.adapt(source.isolateSink(xstream_1.default.fromObservable(innerSink),scopes[channel]))}else if(innerSinks.hasOwnProperty(channel)){outerSinks[channel]=innerSinks[channel]}}return outerSinks}var counter=0;function newScope(){return"cycle"+ ++counter}function isolate(component,scope){if(scope===void 0){scope=newScope()}checkIsolateArgs(component,scope);var randomScope=typeof scope==="object"?newScope():"";var scopes=typeof scope==="string"||typeof scope==="object"?scope:scope.toString();return function wrappedComponent(outerSources){var rest=[];for(var _i=1;_i<arguments.length;_i++){rest[_i-1]=arguments[_i]}var scopesPerChannel=normalizeScopes(outerSources,scopes,randomScope);var innerSources=isolateAllSources(outerSources,scopesPerChannel);var innerSinks=component.apply(void 0,[innerSources].concat(rest));var outerSinks=isolateAllSinks(outerSources,innerSinks,scopesPerChannel);return outerSinks}}isolate.reset=function(){return counter=0};exports.default=isolate;function toIsolated(scope){if(scope===void 0){scope=newScope()}return function(component){return isolate(component,scope)}}exports.toIsolated=toIsolated},{"@cycle/run/lib/adapt":57,xstream:107}],57:[function(require,module,exports){(function(global){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function getGlobal(){var globalObj;if(typeof window!=="undefined"){globalObj=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){globalObj=global}else{globalObj=this}globalObj.Cyclejs=globalObj.Cyclejs||{};globalObj=globalObj.Cyclejs;globalObj.adaptStream=globalObj.adaptStream||function(x){return x};return globalObj}function setAdapt(f){getGlobal().adaptStream=f}exports.setAdapt=setAdapt;function adapt(stream){return getGlobal().adaptStream(stream)}exports.adapt=adapt}).call(this,typeof global!=="undefined"?global:typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{}],58:[function(require,module,exports){arguments[4][57][0].apply(exports,arguments)},{dup:57}],59:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var internals_1=require("./internals");function setup(main,drivers){if(typeof main!=="function"){throw new Error("First argument given to Cycle must be the 'main' "+"function.")}if(typeof drivers!=="object"||drivers===null){throw new Error("Second argument given to Cycle must be an object "+"with driver functions as properties.")}if(internals_1.isObjectEmpty(drivers)){throw new Error("Second argument given to Cycle must be an object "+"with at least one driver function declared as a property.")}var engine=setupReusable(drivers);var sinks=main(engine.sources);if(typeof window!=="undefined"){window.Cyclejs=window.Cyclejs||{};window.Cyclejs.sinks=sinks}function _run(){var disposeRun=engine.run(sinks);return function dispose(){disposeRun();engine.dispose()}}return{sinks:sinks,sources:engine.sources,run:_run}}exports.setup=setup;function setupReusable(drivers){if(typeof drivers!=="object"||drivers===null){throw new Error("Argument given to setupReusable must be an object "+"with driver functions as properties.")}if(internals_1.isObjectEmpty(drivers)){throw new Error("Argument given to setupReusable must be an object "+"with at least one driver function declared as a property.")}var sinkProxies=internals_1.makeSinkProxies(drivers);var rawSources=internals_1.callDrivers(drivers,sinkProxies);var sources=internals_1.adaptSources(rawSources);function _run(sinks){return internals_1.replicateMany(sinks,sinkProxies)}function disposeEngine(){internals_1.disposeSources(sources);internals_1.disposeSinkProxies(sinkProxies)}return{sources:sources,run:_run,dispose:disposeEngine}}exports.setupReusable=setupReusable;function run(main,drivers){var program=setup(main,drivers);if(typeof window!=="undefined"&&window["CyclejsDevTool_startGraphSerializer"]){window["CyclejsDevTool_startGraphSerializer"](program.sinks)}return program.run()}exports.run=run;exports.default=run},{"./internals":60}],60:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var quicktask_1=require("quicktask");var adapt_1=require("./adapt");var scheduleMicrotask=quicktask_1.default();function makeSinkProxies(drivers){var sinkProxies={};for(var name_1 in drivers){if(drivers.hasOwnProperty(name_1)){sinkProxies[name_1]=xstream_1.default.create()}}return sinkProxies}exports.makeSinkProxies=makeSinkProxies;function callDrivers(drivers,sinkProxies){var sources={};for(var name_2 in drivers){if(drivers.hasOwnProperty(name_2)){sources[name_2]=drivers[name_2](sinkProxies[name_2],name_2);if(sources[name_2]&&typeof sources[name_2]==="object"){sources[name_2]._isCycleSource=name_2}}}return sources}exports.callDrivers=callDrivers;function adaptSources(sources){for(var name_3 in sources){if(sources.hasOwnProperty(name_3)&&sources[name_3]&&typeof sources[name_3]["shamefullySendNext"]==="function"){sources[name_3]=adapt_1.adapt(sources[name_3])}}return sources}exports.adaptSources=adaptSources;function replicateMany(sinks,sinkProxies){var sinkNames=Object.keys(sinks).filter(function(name){return!!sinkProxies[name]});var buffers={};var replicators={};sinkNames.forEach(function(name){buffers[name]={_n:[],_e:[]};replicators[name]={next:function(x){return buffers[name]._n.push(x)},error:function(err){return buffers[name]._e.push(err)},complete:function(){}}});var subscriptions=sinkNames.map(function(name){return xstream_1.default.fromObservable(sinks[name]).subscribe(replicators[name])});sinkNames.forEach(function(name){var listener=sinkProxies[name];var next=function(x){scheduleMicrotask(function(){return listener._n(x)})};var error=function(err){scheduleMicrotask(function(){(console.error||console.log)(err);listener._e(err)})};buffers[name]._n.forEach(next);buffers[name]._e.forEach(error);replicators[name].next=next;replicators[name].error=error;replicators[name]._n=next;replicators[name]._e=error});buffers=null;return function disposeReplication(){subscriptions.forEach(function(s){return s.unsubscribe()})}}exports.replicateMany=replicateMany;function disposeSinkProxies(sinkProxies){Object.keys(sinkProxies).forEach(function(name){return sinkProxies[name]._c()})}exports.disposeSinkProxies=disposeSinkProxies;function disposeSources(sources){for(var k in sources){if(sources.hasOwnProperty(k)&&sources[k]&&sources[k].dispose){sources[k].dispose()}}}exports.disposeSources=disposeSources;function isObjectEmpty(obj){return Object.keys(obj).length===0}exports.isObjectEmpty=isObjectEmpty},{"./adapt":58,quicktask:70,xstream:107}],61:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var adapt_1=require("@cycle/run/lib/adapt");var isolate_1=require("@cycle/isolate");var pickMerge_1=require("./pickMerge");var pickCombine_1=require("./pickCombine");var Instances=function(){function Instances(instances$){this._instances$=instances$}Instances.prototype.pickMerge=function(selector){return adapt_1.adapt(this._instances$.compose(pickMerge_1.pickMerge(selector)))};Instances.prototype.pickCombine=function(selector){return adapt_1.adapt(this._instances$.compose(pickCombine_1.pickCombine(selector)))};return Instances}();exports.Instances=Instances;function defaultItemScope(key){return{"*":null}}function instanceLens(itemKey,key){return{get:function(arr){if(typeof arr==="undefined"){return void 0}else{for(var i=0,n=arr.length;i<n;++i){if(""+itemKey(arr[i],i)===key){return arr[i]}}return void 0}},set:function(arr,item){if(typeof arr==="undefined"){return[item]}else if(typeof item==="undefined"){return arr.filter(function(s,i){return""+itemKey(s,i)!==key})}else{return arr.map(function(s,i){if(""+itemKey(s,i)===key){return item}else{return s}})}}}}var identityLens={get:function(outer){return outer},set:function(outer,inner){return inner}};function makeCollection(opts){return function collectionComponent(sources){var name=opts.channel||"onion";var itemKey=opts.itemKey;var itemScope=opts.itemScope||defaultItemScope;var itemComp=opts.item;var state$=xstream_1.default.fromObservable(sources[name].state$);var instances$=state$.fold(function(acc,nextState){var dict=acc.dict;if(Array.isArray(nextState)){var nextInstArray=Array(nextState.length);var nextKeys_1=new Set;for(var i=0,n=nextState.length;i<n;++i){var key=""+(itemKey?itemKey(nextState[i],i):i);nextKeys_1.add(key);if(!dict.has(key)){var onionScope=itemKey?instanceLens(itemKey,key):""+i;var otherScopes=itemScope(key);var scopes=typeof otherScopes==="string"?(_a={"*":otherScopes},_a[name]=onionScope,_a):__assign({},otherScopes,(_b={},_b[name]=onionScope,_b));var sinks=isolate_1.default(itemComp,scopes)(sources);dict.set(key,sinks);nextInstArray[i]=sinks}else{nextInstArray[i]=dict.get(key)}nextInstArray[i]._key=key}dict.forEach(function(_,key){if(!nextKeys_1.has(key)){dict.delete(key)}});nextKeys_1.clear();return{dict:dict,arr:nextInstArray}}else{dict.clear();var key=""+(itemKey?itemKey(nextState,0):"this");var onionScope=identityLens;var otherScopes=itemScope(key);var scopes=typeof otherScopes==="string"?(_c={"*":otherScopes},_c[name]=onionScope,_c):__assign({},otherScopes,(_d={},_d[name]=onionScope,_d));var sinks=isolate_1.default(itemComp,scopes)(sources);dict.set(key,sinks);return{dict:dict,arr:[sinks]}}var _a,_b,_c,_d},{dict:new Map,arr:[]});return opts.collectSinks(new Instances(instances$))}}exports.makeCollection=makeCollection},{"./pickCombine":65,"./pickMerge":66,"@cycle/isolate":56,"@cycle/run/lib/adapt":57,xstream:107}],62:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var dropRepeats_1=require("xstream/extra/dropRepeats");var adapt_1=require("@cycle/run/lib/adapt");function updateArrayEntry(array,scope,newVal){if(newVal===array[scope]){return array}var index=parseInt(scope);if(typeof newVal==="undefined"){return array.filter(function(val,i){return i!==index})}return array.map(function(val,i){return i===index?newVal:val})}function makeGetter(scope){if(typeof scope==="string"||typeof scope==="number"){return function lensGet(state){if(typeof state==="undefined"){return void 0}else{return state[scope]}}}else{return scope.get}}function makeSetter(scope){if(typeof scope==="string"||typeof scope==="number"){return function lensSet(state,childState){if(Array.isArray(state)){return updateArrayEntry(state,scope,childState)}else if(typeof state==="undefined"){return _a={},_a[scope]=childState,_a}else{return __assign({},state,(_b={},_b[scope]=childState,_b))}var _a,_b}}else{return scope.set}}function isolateSource(source,scope){return source.select(scope)}exports.isolateSource=isolateSource;function isolateSink(innerReducer$,scope){var get=makeGetter(scope);var set=makeSetter(scope);return innerReducer$.map(function(innerReducer){return function outerReducer(outer){var prevInner=get(outer);var nextInner=innerReducer(prevInner);if(prevInner===nextInner){return outer}else{return set(outer,nextInner)}}})}exports.isolateSink=isolateSink;var StateSource=function(){function StateSource(stream,name){this.isolateSource=isolateSource;this.isolateSink=isolateSink;this._state$=stream.filter(function(s){return typeof s!=="undefined"}).compose(dropRepeats_1.default()).remember();this._name=name;this.state$=adapt_1.adapt(this._state$);this._state$._isCycleSource=name}StateSource.prototype.select=function(scope){var get=makeGetter(scope);return new StateSource(this._state$.map(get),this._name)};return StateSource}();exports.StateSource=StateSource},{"@cycle/run/lib/adapt":57,"xstream/extra/dropRepeats":104}],63:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var onionify_1=require("./onionify");var StateSource_1=require("./StateSource");exports.StateSource=StateSource_1.StateSource;exports.isolateSource=StateSource_1.isolateSource;exports.isolateSink=StateSource_1.isolateSink;var Collection_1=require("./Collection");exports.Instances=Collection_1.Instances;exports.makeCollection=Collection_1.makeCollection;var pickMerge_1=require("./pickMerge");exports.pickMerge=pickMerge_1.pickMerge;var pickCombine_1=require("./pickCombine");exports.pickCombine=pickCombine_1.pickCombine;exports.default=onionify_1.onionify},{"./Collection":61,"./StateSource":62,"./onionify":64,"./pickCombine":65,"./pickMerge":66}],64:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var concat_1=require("xstream/extra/concat");var StateSource_1=require("./StateSource");var quicktask_1=require("quicktask");var schedule=quicktask_1.default();function onionify(main,name){if(name===void 0){name="onion"}return function mainOnionified(sources){var reducerMimic$=xstream_1.default.create();var state$=reducerMimic$.fold(function(state,reducer){return reducer(state)},void 0).drop(1);sources[name]=new StateSource_1.StateSource(state$,name);var sinks=main(sources);if(sinks[name]){var stream$=concat_1.default(xstream_1.default.fromObservable(sinks[name]),xstream_1.default.never());stream$.subscribe({next:function(i){return schedule(function(){return reducerMimic$._n(i)})},error:function(err){return schedule(function(){return reducerMimic$._e(err)})},complete:function(){return schedule(function(){return reducerMimic$._c()})}})}return sinks}}exports.onionify=onionify},{"./StateSource":62,quicktask:70,xstream:107,"xstream/extra/concat":102}],65:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var PickCombineListener=function(){function PickCombineListener(key,out,p,ins){this.key=key;this.out=out;this.p=p;this.val=xstream_1.NO;this.ins=ins}PickCombineListener.prototype._n=function(t){var p=this.p,out=this.out;this.val=t;if(out===null){return}this.p.up()};PickCombineListener.prototype._e=function(err){var out=this.out;if(out===null){return}out._e(err)};PickCombineListener.prototype._c=function(){};return PickCombineListener}();var PickCombine=function(){function PickCombine(sel,ins){this.type="combine";this.ins=ins;this.sel=sel;this.out=null;this.ils=new Map;this.inst=null}PickCombine.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};PickCombine.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);var ils=this.ils;ils.forEach(function(il){il.ins._remove(il);il.ins=null;il.out=null;il.val=null});ils.clear();this.out=null;this.ils=new Map;this.inst=null};PickCombine.prototype.up=function(){var arr=this.inst.arr;var n=arr.length;var ils=this.ils;var outArr=Array(n);for(var i=0;i<n;++i){var sinks=arr[i];var key=sinks._key;if(!ils.has(key)){return}var val=ils.get(key).val;if(val===xstream_1.NO){return}outArr[i]=val}this.out._n(outArr)};PickCombine.prototype._n=function(inst){this.inst=inst;var arrSinks=inst.arr;var ils=this.ils;var out=this.out;var sel=this.sel;var dict=inst.dict;var n=arrSinks.length;var removed=false;ils.forEach(function(il,key){if(!dict.has(key)){il.ins._remove(il);il.ins=null;il.out=null;il.val=null;ils.delete(key);removed=true}});if(n===0){out._n([]);return}for(var i=0;i<n;++i){var sinks=arrSinks[i];var key=sinks._key;if(!sinks[sel]){throw new Error("pickCombine found an undefined child sink stream")}var sink=xstream_1.default.fromObservable(sinks[sel]);if(!ils.has(key)){ils.set(key,new PickCombineListener(key,out,this,sink));sink._add(ils.get(key))}}if(removed){this.up()}};PickCombine.prototype._e=function(e){var out=this.out;if(out===null){return}out._e(e)};PickCombine.prototype._c=function(){var out=this.out;if(out===null){return}out._c()};return PickCombine}();function pickCombine(selector){return function pickCombineOperator(inst$){return new xstream_1.Stream(new PickCombine(selector,inst$))}}exports.pickCombine=pickCombine},{xstream:107}],66:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xstream_1=require("xstream");var PickMergeListener=function(){function PickMergeListener(out,p,ins){this.ins=ins;this.out=out;this.p=p}PickMergeListener.prototype._n=function(t){var p=this.p,out=this.out;if(out===null){return}out._n(t)};PickMergeListener.prototype._e=function(err){var out=this.out;if(out===null){return}out._e(err)};PickMergeListener.prototype._c=function(){};return PickMergeListener}();var PickMerge=function(){function PickMerge(sel,ins){this.type="pickMerge";this.ins=ins;this.out=null;this.sel=sel;this.ils=new Map;this.inst=null}PickMerge.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};PickMerge.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);var ils=this.ils;ils.forEach(function(il,key){il.ins._remove(il);il.ins=null;il.out=null;ils.delete(key)});ils.clear();this.out=null;this.ils=new Map;this.inst=null};PickMerge.prototype._n=function(inst){this.inst=inst;var arrSinks=inst.arr;var ils=this.ils;var out=this.out;var sel=this.sel;var n=arrSinks.length;for(var i=0;i<n;++i){var sinks=arrSinks[i];var key=sinks._key;var sink=xstream_1.default.fromObservable(sinks[sel]||xstream_1.default.never());if(!ils.has(key)){ils.set(key,new PickMergeListener(out,this,sink));sink._add(ils.get(key))}}ils.forEach(function(il,key){if(!inst.dict.has(key)||!inst.dict.get(key)){il.ins._remove(il);il.ins=null;il.out=null;ils.delete(key)}})};PickMerge.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===null)return;u._e(err)};PickMerge.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===null)return;u._c()};return PickMerge}();function pickMerge(selector){return function pickMergeOperator(inst$){return new xstream_1.Stream(new PickMerge(selector,inst$))}}exports.pickMerge=pickMerge},{xstream:107}],67:[function(require,module,exports){(function(process){"use strict";var __extends=this&&this.__extends||function(d,b){for(var p in b)if(b.hasOwnProperty(p))d[p]=b[p];function __(){this.constructor=d}d.prototype=b===null?Object.create(b):(__.prototype=b.prototype,new __)};var instanceId=0;var uniqueId=0;exports.IS_UNIQUE="__DO_NOT_DEDUPE_STYLE__";var CSS_NUMBER={"animation-iteration-count":true,"box-flex":true,"box-flex-group":true,"column-count":true,"counter-increment":true,"counter-reset":true,flex:true,"flex-grow":true,"flex-positive":true,"flex-shrink":true,"flex-negative":true,"font-weight":true,"line-clamp":true,"line-height":true,opacity:true,order:true,orphans:true,"tab-size":true,widows:true,"z-index":true,zoom:true,"fill-opacity":true,"stroke-dashoffset":true,"stroke-opacity":true,"stroke-width":true};for(var _i=0,_a=["-webkit-","-ms-","-moz-","-o-"];_i<_a.length;_i++){var prefix=_a[_i];for(var _b=0,_c=Object.keys(CSS_NUMBER);_b<_c.length;_b++){var property=_c[_b];CSS_NUMBER[prefix+property]=true}}function hyphenate(propertyName){return propertyName.replace(/([A-Z])/g,"-$1").replace(/^ms-/,"-ms-").toLowerCase()}function isAtRule(propertyName){return propertyName.charAt(0)==="@"}function isNestedStyle(value){return value!=null&&typeof value==="object"&&!Array.isArray(value)}function stringHash(str){var value=5381;var i=str.length;while(i){value=value*33^str.charCodeAt(--i)}return(value>>>0).toString(36)}exports.stringHash=stringHash;function styleToString(name,value){if(typeof value==="number"&&value!==0&&!CSS_NUMBER[name]){value=value+"px"}return name+":"+String(value).replace(/([\{\}\[\]])/g,"\\$1")}function sortTuples(value){return value.sort(function(a,b){return a[0]>b[0]?1:-1})}function parseUserStyles(styles,hasNestedStyles){var properties=[];var nestedStyles=[];var isUnique=false;for(var _i=0,_a=Object.keys(styles);_i<_a.length;_i++){var key=_a[_i];var value=styles[key];if(key===exports.IS_UNIQUE){isUnique=!!value}else if(isNestedStyle(value)){nestedStyles.push([key.trim(),value])}else{properties.push([hyphenate(key.trim()),value])}}return{properties:sortTuples(properties),nestedStyles:hasNestedStyles?nestedStyles:sortTuples(nestedStyles),isUnique:isUnique}}function stringifyProperties(properties){var result=[];var _loop_1=function(name_1,value){if(value!=null){if(Array.isArray(value)){result.push(value.filter(function(x){return x!=null}).map(function(x){return styleToString(name_1,x)}).join(";"))}else{result.push(styleToString(name_1,value))}}};for(var _i=0,properties_1=properties;_i<properties_1.length;_i++){var _a=properties_1[_i],name_1=_a[0],value=_a[1];_loop_1(name_1,value)}return result.join(";")}function interpolate(selector,parent){if(selector.indexOf("&")>-1){return selector.replace(/&/g,parent)}return parent+" "+selector}function collectHashedStyles(container,userStyles,isStyle,displayName){var styles=[];function stylize(cache,userStyles,selector){var _a=parseUserStyles(userStyles,isStyle),properties=_a.properties,nestedStyles=_a.nestedStyles,isUnique=_a.isUnique;var styleString=stringifyProperties(properties);var pid=styleString;if(styleString){var style=new Style(styleString,cache.hash,isUnique?"u"+(++uniqueId).toString(36):undefined);cache.add(style);styles.push([cache,selector,style])}for(var _i=0,nestedStyles_1=nestedStyles;_i<nestedStyles_1.length;_i++){var _b=nestedStyles_1[_i],name_2=_b[0],value=_b[1];pid+=name_2;if(isAtRule(name_2)){var rule=cache.add(new Rule(name_2,undefined,cache.hash));pid+=stylize(rule,value,selector)}else{pid+=stylize(cache,value,isStyle?interpolate(name_2,selector):name_2)}}return pid}var cache=new Cache(container.hash);var pid=stylize(cache,userStyles,"&");var hash="f"+cache.hash(pid);var id=displayName?displayName+"_"+hash:hash;for(var _i=0,styles_1=styles;_i<styles_1.length;_i++){var _a=styles_1[_i],cache_1=_a[0],selector=_a[1],style=_a[2];var key=isStyle?interpolate(selector,"."+id):selector;cache_1.get(style).add(new Selector(key,style.hash,undefined,pid))}container.merge(cache);return{pid:pid,id:id}}function registerUserStyles(container,styles,displayName){return collectHashedStyles(container,styles,true,displayName).id}function registerUserRule(container,selector,styles){var _a=parseUserStyles(styles,false),properties=_a.properties,nestedStyles=_a.nestedStyles,isUnique=_a.isUnique;if(properties.length&&nestedStyles.length){throw new TypeError("Registering a CSS rule can not use properties with nested styles")}var styleString=stringifyProperties(properties);var rule=new Rule(selector,styleString,container.hash,isUnique?"u"+(++uniqueId).toString(36):undefined);for(var _i=0,nestedStyles_2=nestedStyles;_i<nestedStyles_2.length;_i++){var _b=nestedStyles_2[_i],name_3=_b[0],value=_b[1];registerUserRule(rule,name_3,value)}container.add(rule)}function registerUserHashedRule(container,prefix,styles,displayName){var bucket=new Cache(container.hash);var _a=collectHashedStyles(bucket,styles,false,displayName),pid=_a.pid,id=_a.id;var atRule=new Rule(prefix+" "+id,undefined,container.hash,undefined,pid);atRule.merge(bucket);container.add(atRule);return id}function getStyles(container){return container.values().map(function(style){return style.getStyles()}).join("")}var Cache=function(){function Cache(hash){this.hash=hash;this.changeId=0;this._children={};this._keys=[];this._counts={}}Cache.prototype.values=function(){var _this=this;return this._keys.map(function(x){return _this._children[x]})};Cache.prototype.add=function(style){var count=this._counts[style.id]||0;var item=this._children[style.id]||style.clone();this._counts[style.id]=count+1;if(count===0){this._keys.push(item.id);this._children[item.id]=item;this.changeId++}else{if(item.getIdentifier()!==style.getIdentifier()){throw new TypeError("Hash collision: "+style.getStyles()+" === "+item.getStyles())}this._keys.splice(this._keys.indexOf(style.id),1);this._keys.push(style.id);if(item instanceof Cache&&style instanceof Cache){var prevChangeId=item.changeId;item.merge(style);if(item.changeId!==prevChangeId){this.changeId++}}}return item};Cache.prototype.remove=function(style){var count=this._counts[style.id];if(count>0){this._counts[style.id]=count-1;var item=this._children[style.id];if(count===1){delete this._counts[style.id];delete this._children[style.id];this._keys.splice(this._keys.indexOf(style.id),1);this.changeId++}else if(item instanceof Cache&&style instanceof Cache){var prevChangeId=item.changeId;item.unmerge(style);if(item.changeId!==prevChangeId){this.changeId++}}}};Cache.prototype.get=function(container){return this._children[container.id]};Cache.prototype.merge=function(cache){for(var _i=0,_a=cache.values();_i<_a.length;_i++){var value=_a[_i];this.add(value)}return this};Cache.prototype.unmerge=function(cache){for(var _i=0,_a=cache.values();_i<_a.length;_i++){var value=_a[_i];this.remove(value)}return this};Cache.prototype.clone=function(){return new Cache(this.hash).merge(this)};return Cache}();exports.Cache=Cache;var Selector=function(){function Selector(selector,hash,id,pid){if(id===void 0){id="s"+hash(selector)}if(pid===void 0){pid=""}this.selector=selector;this.hash=hash;this.id=id;this.pid=pid}Selector.prototype.getStyles=function(){return this.selector};Selector.prototype.getIdentifier=function(){return this.pid+"."+this.selector};Selector.prototype.clone=function(){return new Selector(this.selector,this.hash,this.id,this.pid)};return Selector}();exports.Selector=Selector;var Style=function(_super){__extends(Style,_super);function Style(style,hash,id){if(id===void 0){id="c"+hash(style)}var _this=_super.call(this,hash)||this;_this.style=style;_this.hash=hash;_this.id=id;return _this}Style.prototype.getStyles=function(){return this.values().map(function(x){return x.selector}).join(",")+"{"+this.style+"}"};Style.prototype.getIdentifier=function(){return this.style};Style.prototype.clone=function(){return new Style(this.style,this.hash,this.id).merge(this)};return Style}(Cache);exports.Style=Style;var Rule=function(_super){__extends(Rule,_super);function Rule(rule,style,hash,id,pid){if(style===void 0){style=""}if(id===void 0){id="a"+hash(rule+"."+style)}if(pid===void 0){pid=""}var _this=_super.call(this,hash)||this;_this.rule=rule;_this.style=style;_this.hash=hash;_this.id=id;_this.pid=pid;return _this}Rule.prototype.getStyles=function(){return this.rule+"{"+this.style+getStyles(this)+"}"};Rule.prototype.getIdentifier=function(){return this.pid+"."+this.rule+"."+this.style};Rule.prototype.clone=function(){return new Rule(this.rule,this.style,this.hash,this.id,this.pid).merge(this)};return Rule}(Cache);exports.Rule=Rule;var FreeStyle=function(_super){__extends(FreeStyle,_super);function FreeStyle(hash,debug,id){if(id===void 0){id="f"+(++instanceId).toString(36)}var _this=_super.call(this,hash)||this;_this.hash=hash;_this.debug=debug;_this.id=id;return _this}FreeStyle.prototype.registerStyle=function(styles,displayName){return registerUserStyles(this,styles,this.debug?displayName:undefined)};FreeStyle.prototype.registerKeyframes=function(keyframes,displayName){return registerUserHashedRule(this,"@keyframes",keyframes,this.debug?displayName:undefined)};FreeStyle.prototype.registerRule=function(rule,styles){return registerUserRule(this,rule,styles)};FreeStyle.prototype.getStyles=function(){return getStyles(this)};FreeStyle.prototype.getIdentifier=function(){return this.id};FreeStyle.prototype.clone=function(){return new FreeStyle(this.hash,this.debug,this.id).merge(this)};return FreeStyle}(Cache);exports.FreeStyle=FreeStyle;function create(hash,debug){if(hash===void 0){hash=stringHash}if(debug===void 0){debug=process.env.NODE_ENV!=="production"}return new FreeStyle(hash,debug)}exports.create=create}).call(this,require("_process"))},{_process:69}],68:[function(require,module,exports){(function(global,factory){typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module!=="undefined"?module.exports=factory():typeof define==="function"&&define.amd?define(factory):global.Immutable=factory()})(this,function(){"use strict";var SLICE$0=Array.prototype.slice;function createClass(ctor,superClass){if(superClass){ctor.prototype=Object.create(superClass.prototype)}ctor.prototype.constructor=ctor}function Iterable(value){return isIterable(value)?value:Seq(value)}createClass(KeyedIterable,Iterable);function KeyedIterable(value){return isKeyed(value)?value:KeyedSeq(value)}createClass(IndexedIterable,Iterable);function IndexedIterable(value){return isIndexed(value)?value:IndexedSeq(value)}createClass(SetIterable,Iterable);function SetIterable(value){return isIterable(value)&&!isAssociative(value)?value:SetSeq(value)}function isIterable(maybeIterable){return!!(maybeIterable&&maybeIterable[IS_ITERABLE_SENTINEL])}function isKeyed(maybeKeyed){return!!(maybeKeyed&&maybeKeyed[IS_KEYED_SENTINEL])}function isIndexed(maybeIndexed){return!!(maybeIndexed&&maybeIndexed[IS_INDEXED_SENTINEL])}function isAssociative(maybeAssociative){return isKeyed(maybeAssociative)||isIndexed(maybeAssociative)}function isOrdered(maybeOrdered){return!!(maybeOrdered&&maybeOrdered[IS_ORDERED_SENTINEL])}Iterable.isIterable=isIterable;Iterable.isKeyed=isKeyed;Iterable.isIndexed=isIndexed;Iterable.isAssociative=isAssociative;Iterable.isOrdered=isOrdered;Iterable.Keyed=KeyedIterable;Iterable.Indexed=IndexedIterable;Iterable.Set=SetIterable;var IS_ITERABLE_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_ITERABLE__@@";var IS_KEYED_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_KEYED__@@";var IS_INDEXED_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_INDEXED__@@";var IS_ORDERED_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_ORDERED__@@";var DELETE="delete";var SHIFT=5;var SIZE=1<<SHIFT;var MASK=SIZE-1;var NOT_SET={};var CHANGE_LENGTH={value:false};var DID_ALTER={value:false};function MakeRef(ref){ref.value=false;return ref}function SetRef(ref){ref&&(ref.value=true)}function OwnerID(){}
function arrCopy(arr,offset){offset=offset||0;var len=Math.max(0,arr.length-offset);var newArr=new Array(len);for(var ii=0;ii<len;ii++){newArr[ii]=arr[ii+offset]}return newArr}function ensureSize(iter){if(iter.size===undefined){iter.size=iter.__iterate(returnTrue)}return iter.size}function wrapIndex(iter,index){if(typeof index!=="number"){var uint32Index=index>>>0;if(""+uint32Index!==index||uint32Index===4294967295){return NaN}index=uint32Index}return index<0?ensureSize(iter)+index:index}function returnTrue(){return true}function wholeSlice(begin,end,size){return(begin===0||size!==undefined&&begin<=-size)&&(end===undefined||size!==undefined&&end>=size)}function resolveBegin(begin,size){return resolveIndex(begin,size,0)}function resolveEnd(end,size){return resolveIndex(end,size,size)}function resolveIndex(index,size,defaultIndex){return index===undefined?defaultIndex:index<0?Math.max(0,size+index):size===undefined?index:Math.min(size,index)}var ITERATE_KEYS=0;var ITERATE_VALUES=1;var ITERATE_ENTRIES=2;var REAL_ITERATOR_SYMBOL=typeof Symbol==="function"&&Symbol.iterator;var FAUX_ITERATOR_SYMBOL="@@iterator";var ITERATOR_SYMBOL=REAL_ITERATOR_SYMBOL||FAUX_ITERATOR_SYMBOL;function Iterator(next){this.next=next}Iterator.prototype.toString=function(){return"[Iterator]"};Iterator.KEYS=ITERATE_KEYS;Iterator.VALUES=ITERATE_VALUES;Iterator.ENTRIES=ITERATE_ENTRIES;Iterator.prototype.inspect=Iterator.prototype.toSource=function(){return this.toString()};Iterator.prototype[ITERATOR_SYMBOL]=function(){return this};function iteratorValue(type,k,v,iteratorResult){var value=type===0?k:type===1?v:[k,v];iteratorResult?iteratorResult.value=value:iteratorResult={value:value,done:false};return iteratorResult}function iteratorDone(){return{value:undefined,done:true}}function hasIterator(maybeIterable){return!!getIteratorFn(maybeIterable)}function isIterator(maybeIterator){return maybeIterator&&typeof maybeIterator.next==="function"}function getIterator(iterable){var iteratorFn=getIteratorFn(iterable);return iteratorFn&&iteratorFn.call(iterable)}function getIteratorFn(iterable){var iteratorFn=iterable&&(REAL_ITERATOR_SYMBOL&&iterable[REAL_ITERATOR_SYMBOL]||iterable[FAUX_ITERATOR_SYMBOL]);if(typeof iteratorFn==="function"){return iteratorFn}}function isArrayLike(value){return value&&typeof value.length==="number"}createClass(Seq,Iterable);function Seq(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptySequence():isIterable(value)?value.toSeq():seqFromValue(value)}Seq.of=function(){return Seq(arguments)};Seq.prototype.toSeq=function(){return this};Seq.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("Seq {","}")};Seq.prototype.cacheResult=function(){if(!this._cache&&this.__iterateUncached){this._cache=this.entrySeq().toArray();this.size=this._cache.length}return this};Seq.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){return seqIterate(this,fn,reverse,true)};Seq.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){return seqIterator(this,type,reverse,true)};createClass(KeyedSeq,Seq);function KeyedSeq(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptySequence().toKeyedSeq():isIterable(value)?isKeyed(value)?value.toSeq():value.fromEntrySeq():keyedSeqFromValue(value)}KeyedSeq.prototype.toKeyedSeq=function(){return this};createClass(IndexedSeq,Seq);function IndexedSeq(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptySequence():!isIterable(value)?indexedSeqFromValue(value):isKeyed(value)?value.entrySeq():value.toIndexedSeq()}IndexedSeq.of=function(){return IndexedSeq(arguments)};IndexedSeq.prototype.toIndexedSeq=function(){return this};IndexedSeq.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("Seq [","]")};IndexedSeq.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){return seqIterate(this,fn,reverse,false)};IndexedSeq.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){return seqIterator(this,type,reverse,false)};createClass(SetSeq,Seq);function SetSeq(value){return(value===null||value===undefined?emptySequence():!isIterable(value)?indexedSeqFromValue(value):isKeyed(value)?value.entrySeq():value).toSetSeq()}SetSeq.of=function(){return SetSeq(arguments)};SetSeq.prototype.toSetSeq=function(){return this};Seq.isSeq=isSeq;Seq.Keyed=KeyedSeq;Seq.Set=SetSeq;Seq.Indexed=IndexedSeq;var IS_SEQ_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_SEQ__@@";Seq.prototype[IS_SEQ_SENTINEL]=true;createClass(ArraySeq,IndexedSeq);function ArraySeq(array){this._array=array;this.size=array.length}ArraySeq.prototype.get=function(index,notSetValue){return this.has(index)?this._array[wrapIndex(this,index)]:notSetValue};ArraySeq.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var array=this._array;var maxIndex=array.length-1;for(var ii=0;ii<=maxIndex;ii++){if(fn(array[reverse?maxIndex-ii:ii],ii,this)===false){return ii+1}}return ii};ArraySeq.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var array=this._array;var maxIndex=array.length-1;var ii=0;return new Iterator(function(){return ii>maxIndex?iteratorDone():iteratorValue(type,ii,array[reverse?maxIndex-ii++:ii++])})};createClass(ObjectSeq,KeyedSeq);function ObjectSeq(object){var keys=Object.keys(object);this._object=object;this._keys=keys;this.size=keys.length}ObjectSeq.prototype.get=function(key,notSetValue){if(notSetValue!==undefined&&!this.has(key)){return notSetValue}return this._object[key]};ObjectSeq.prototype.has=function(key){return this._object.hasOwnProperty(key)};ObjectSeq.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var object=this._object;var keys=this._keys;var maxIndex=keys.length-1;for(var ii=0;ii<=maxIndex;ii++){var key=keys[reverse?maxIndex-ii:ii];if(fn(object[key],key,this)===false){return ii+1}}return ii};ObjectSeq.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var object=this._object;var keys=this._keys;var maxIndex=keys.length-1;var ii=0;return new Iterator(function(){var key=keys[reverse?maxIndex-ii:ii];return ii++>maxIndex?iteratorDone():iteratorValue(type,key,object[key])})};ObjectSeq.prototype[IS_ORDERED_SENTINEL]=true;createClass(IterableSeq,IndexedSeq);function IterableSeq(iterable){this._iterable=iterable;this.size=iterable.length||iterable.size}IterableSeq.prototype.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterate(fn,reverse)}var iterable=this._iterable;var iterator=getIterator(iterable);var iterations=0;if(isIterator(iterator)){var step;while(!(step=iterator.next()).done){if(fn(step.value,iterations++,this)===false){break}}}return iterations};IterableSeq.prototype.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterator(type,reverse)}var iterable=this._iterable;var iterator=getIterator(iterable);if(!isIterator(iterator)){return new Iterator(iteratorDone)}var iterations=0;return new Iterator(function(){var step=iterator.next();return step.done?step:iteratorValue(type,iterations++,step.value)})};createClass(IteratorSeq,IndexedSeq);function IteratorSeq(iterator){this._iterator=iterator;this._iteratorCache=[]}IteratorSeq.prototype.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterate(fn,reverse)}var iterator=this._iterator;var cache=this._iteratorCache;var iterations=0;while(iterations<cache.length){if(fn(cache[iterations],iterations++,this)===false){return iterations}}var step;while(!(step=iterator.next()).done){var val=step.value;cache[iterations]=val;if(fn(val,iterations++,this)===false){break}}return iterations};IteratorSeq.prototype.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterator(type,reverse)}var iterator=this._iterator;var cache=this._iteratorCache;var iterations=0;return new Iterator(function(){if(iterations>=cache.length){var step=iterator.next();if(step.done){return step}cache[iterations]=step.value}return iteratorValue(type,iterations,cache[iterations++])})};function isSeq(maybeSeq){return!!(maybeSeq&&maybeSeq[IS_SEQ_SENTINEL])}var EMPTY_SEQ;function emptySequence(){return EMPTY_SEQ||(EMPTY_SEQ=new ArraySeq([]))}function keyedSeqFromValue(value){var seq=Array.isArray(value)?new ArraySeq(value).fromEntrySeq():isIterator(value)?new IteratorSeq(value).fromEntrySeq():hasIterator(value)?new IterableSeq(value).fromEntrySeq():typeof value==="object"?new ObjectSeq(value):undefined;if(!seq){throw new TypeError("Expected Array or iterable object of [k, v] entries, "+"or keyed object: "+value)}return seq}function indexedSeqFromValue(value){var seq=maybeIndexedSeqFromValue(value);if(!seq){throw new TypeError("Expected Array or iterable object of values: "+value)}return seq}function seqFromValue(value){var seq=maybeIndexedSeqFromValue(value)||typeof value==="object"&&new ObjectSeq(value);if(!seq){throw new TypeError("Expected Array or iterable object of values, or keyed object: "+value)}return seq}function maybeIndexedSeqFromValue(value){return isArrayLike(value)?new ArraySeq(value):isIterator(value)?new IteratorSeq(value):hasIterator(value)?new IterableSeq(value):undefined}function seqIterate(seq,fn,reverse,useKeys){var cache=seq._cache;if(cache){var maxIndex=cache.length-1;for(var ii=0;ii<=maxIndex;ii++){var entry=cache[reverse?maxIndex-ii:ii];if(fn(entry[1],useKeys?entry[0]:ii,seq)===false){return ii+1}}return ii}return seq.__iterateUncached(fn,reverse)}function seqIterator(seq,type,reverse,useKeys){var cache=seq._cache;if(cache){var maxIndex=cache.length-1;var ii=0;return new Iterator(function(){var entry=cache[reverse?maxIndex-ii:ii];return ii++>maxIndex?iteratorDone():iteratorValue(type,useKeys?entry[0]:ii-1,entry[1])})}return seq.__iteratorUncached(type,reverse)}function fromJS(json,converter){return converter?fromJSWith(converter,json,"",{"":json}):fromJSDefault(json)}function fromJSWith(converter,json,key,parentJSON){if(Array.isArray(json)){return converter.call(parentJSON,key,IndexedSeq(json).map(function(v,k){return fromJSWith(converter,v,k,json)}))}if(isPlainObj(json)){return converter.call(parentJSON,key,KeyedSeq(json).map(function(v,k){return fromJSWith(converter,v,k,json)}))}return json}function fromJSDefault(json){if(Array.isArray(json)){return IndexedSeq(json).map(fromJSDefault).toList()}if(isPlainObj(json)){return KeyedSeq(json).map(fromJSDefault).toMap()}return json}function isPlainObj(value){return value&&(value.constructor===Object||value.constructor===undefined)}function is(valueA,valueB){if(valueA===valueB||valueA!==valueA&&valueB!==valueB){return true}if(!valueA||!valueB){return false}if(typeof valueA.valueOf==="function"&&typeof valueB.valueOf==="function"){valueA=valueA.valueOf();valueB=valueB.valueOf();if(valueA===valueB||valueA!==valueA&&valueB!==valueB){return true}if(!valueA||!valueB){return false}}if(typeof valueA.equals==="function"&&typeof valueB.equals==="function"&&valueA.equals(valueB)){return true}return false}function deepEqual(a,b){if(a===b){return true}if(!isIterable(b)||a.size!==undefined&&b.size!==undefined&&a.size!==b.size||a.__hash!==undefined&&b.__hash!==undefined&&a.__hash!==b.__hash||isKeyed(a)!==isKeyed(b)||isIndexed(a)!==isIndexed(b)||isOrdered(a)!==isOrdered(b)){return false}if(a.size===0&&b.size===0){return true}var notAssociative=!isAssociative(a);if(isOrdered(a)){var entries=a.entries();return b.every(function(v,k){var entry=entries.next().value;return entry&&is(entry[1],v)&&(notAssociative||is(entry[0],k))})&&entries.next().done}var flipped=false;if(a.size===undefined){if(b.size===undefined){if(typeof a.cacheResult==="function"){a.cacheResult()}}else{flipped=true;var _=a;a=b;b=_}}var allEqual=true;var bSize=b.__iterate(function(v,k){if(notAssociative?!a.has(v):flipped?!is(v,a.get(k,NOT_SET)):!is(a.get(k,NOT_SET),v)){allEqual=false;return false}});return allEqual&&a.size===bSize}createClass(Repeat,IndexedSeq);function Repeat(value,times){if(!(this instanceof Repeat)){return new Repeat(value,times)}this._value=value;this.size=times===undefined?Infinity:Math.max(0,times);if(this.size===0){if(EMPTY_REPEAT){return EMPTY_REPEAT}EMPTY_REPEAT=this}}Repeat.prototype.toString=function(){if(this.size===0){return"Repeat []"}return"Repeat [ "+this._value+" "+this.size+" times ]"};Repeat.prototype.get=function(index,notSetValue){return this.has(index)?this._value:notSetValue};Repeat.prototype.includes=function(searchValue){return is(this._value,searchValue)};Repeat.prototype.slice=function(begin,end){var size=this.size;return wholeSlice(begin,end,size)?this:new Repeat(this._value,resolveEnd(end,size)-resolveBegin(begin,size))};Repeat.prototype.reverse=function(){return this};Repeat.prototype.indexOf=function(searchValue){if(is(this._value,searchValue)){return 0}return-1};Repeat.prototype.lastIndexOf=function(searchValue){if(is(this._value,searchValue)){return this.size}return-1};Repeat.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){for(var ii=0;ii<this.size;ii++){if(fn(this._value,ii,this)===false){return ii+1}}return ii};Repeat.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var this$0=this;var ii=0;return new Iterator(function(){return ii<this$0.size?iteratorValue(type,ii++,this$0._value):iteratorDone()})};Repeat.prototype.equals=function(other){return other instanceof Repeat?is(this._value,other._value):deepEqual(other)};var EMPTY_REPEAT;function invariant(condition,error){if(!condition)throw new Error(error)}createClass(Range,IndexedSeq);function Range(start,end,step){if(!(this instanceof Range)){return new Range(start,end,step)}invariant(step!==0,"Cannot step a Range by 0");start=start||0;if(end===undefined){end=Infinity}step=step===undefined?1:Math.abs(step);if(end<start){step=-step}this._start=start;this._end=end;this._step=step;this.size=Math.max(0,Math.ceil((end-start)/step-1)+1);if(this.size===0){if(EMPTY_RANGE){return EMPTY_RANGE}EMPTY_RANGE=this}}Range.prototype.toString=function(){if(this.size===0){return"Range []"}return"Range [ "+this._start+"..."+this._end+(this._step!==1?" by "+this._step:"")+" ]"};Range.prototype.get=function(index,notSetValue){return this.has(index)?this._start+wrapIndex(this,index)*this._step:notSetValue};Range.prototype.includes=function(searchValue){var possibleIndex=(searchValue-this._start)/this._step;return possibleIndex>=0&&possibleIndex<this.size&&possibleIndex===Math.floor(possibleIndex)};Range.prototype.slice=function(begin,end){if(wholeSlice(begin,end,this.size)){return this}begin=resolveBegin(begin,this.size);end=resolveEnd(end,this.size);if(end<=begin){return new Range(0,0)}return new Range(this.get(begin,this._end),this.get(end,this._end),this._step)};Range.prototype.indexOf=function(searchValue){var offsetValue=searchValue-this._start;if(offsetValue%this._step===0){var index=offsetValue/this._step;if(index>=0&&index<this.size){return index}}return-1};Range.prototype.lastIndexOf=function(searchValue){return this.indexOf(searchValue)};Range.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var maxIndex=this.size-1;var step=this._step;var value=reverse?this._start+maxIndex*step:this._start;for(var ii=0;ii<=maxIndex;ii++){if(fn(value,ii,this)===false){return ii+1}value+=reverse?-step:step}return ii};Range.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var maxIndex=this.size-1;var step=this._step;var value=reverse?this._start+maxIndex*step:this._start;var ii=0;return new Iterator(function(){var v=value;value+=reverse?-step:step;return ii>maxIndex?iteratorDone():iteratorValue(type,ii++,v)})};Range.prototype.equals=function(other){return other instanceof Range?this._start===other._start&&this._end===other._end&&this._step===other._step:deepEqual(this,other)};var EMPTY_RANGE;createClass(Collection,Iterable);function Collection(){throw TypeError("Abstract")}createClass(KeyedCollection,Collection);function KeyedCollection(){}createClass(IndexedCollection,Collection);function IndexedCollection(){}createClass(SetCollection,Collection);function SetCollection(){}Collection.Keyed=KeyedCollection;Collection.Indexed=IndexedCollection;Collection.Set=SetCollection;var imul=typeof Math.imul==="function"&&Math.imul(4294967295,2)===-2?Math.imul:function imul(a,b){a=a|0;b=b|0;var c=a&65535;var d=b&65535;return c*d+((a>>>16)*d+c*(b>>>16)<<16>>>0)|0};function smi(i32){return i32>>>1&1073741824|i32&3221225471}function hash(o){if(o===false||o===null||o===undefined){return 0}if(typeof o.valueOf==="function"){o=o.valueOf();if(o===false||o===null||o===undefined){return 0}}if(o===true){return 1}var type=typeof o;if(type==="number"){if(o!==o||o===Infinity){return 0}var h=o|0;if(h!==o){h^=o*4294967295}while(o>4294967295){o/=4294967295;h^=o}return smi(h)}if(type==="string"){return o.length>STRING_HASH_CACHE_MIN_STRLEN?cachedHashString(o):hashString(o)}if(typeof o.hashCode==="function"){return o.hashCode()}if(type==="object"){return hashJSObj(o)}if(typeof o.toString==="function"){return hashString(o.toString())}throw new Error("Value type "+type+" cannot be hashed.")}function cachedHashString(string){var hash=stringHashCache[string];if(hash===undefined){hash=hashString(string);if(STRING_HASH_CACHE_SIZE===STRING_HASH_CACHE_MAX_SIZE){STRING_HASH_CACHE_SIZE=0;stringHashCache={}}STRING_HASH_CACHE_SIZE++;stringHashCache[string]=hash}return hash}function hashString(string){var hash=0;for(var ii=0;ii<string.length;ii++){hash=31*hash+string.charCodeAt(ii)|0}return smi(hash)}function hashJSObj(obj){var hash;if(usingWeakMap){hash=weakMap.get(obj);if(hash!==undefined){return hash}}hash=obj[UID_HASH_KEY];if(hash!==undefined){return hash}if(!canDefineProperty){hash=obj.propertyIsEnumerable&&obj.propertyIsEnumerable[UID_HASH_KEY];if(hash!==undefined){return hash}hash=getIENodeHash(obj);if(hash!==undefined){return hash}}hash=++objHashUID;if(objHashUID&1073741824){objHashUID=0}if(usingWeakMap){weakMap.set(obj,hash)}else if(isExtensible!==undefined&&isExtensible(obj)===false){throw new Error("Non-extensible objects are not allowed as keys.")}else if(canDefineProperty){Object.defineProperty(obj,UID_HASH_KEY,{enumerable:false,configurable:false,writable:false,value:hash})}else if(obj.propertyIsEnumerable!==undefined&&obj.propertyIsEnumerable===obj.constructor.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable){obj.propertyIsEnumerable=function(){return this.constructor.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.apply(this,arguments)};obj.propertyIsEnumerable[UID_HASH_KEY]=hash}else if(obj.nodeType!==undefined){obj[UID_HASH_KEY]=hash}else{throw new Error("Unable to set a non-enumerable property on object.")}return hash}var isExtensible=Object.isExtensible;var canDefineProperty=function(){try{Object.defineProperty({},"@",{});return true}catch(e){return false}}();function getIENodeHash(node){if(node&&node.nodeType>0){switch(node.nodeType){case 1:return node.uniqueID;case 9:return node.documentElement&&node.documentElement.uniqueID}}}var usingWeakMap=typeof WeakMap==="function";var weakMap;if(usingWeakMap){weakMap=new WeakMap}var objHashUID=0;var UID_HASH_KEY="__immutablehash__";if(typeof Symbol==="function"){UID_HASH_KEY=Symbol(UID_HASH_KEY)}var STRING_HASH_CACHE_MIN_STRLEN=16;var STRING_HASH_CACHE_MAX_SIZE=255;var STRING_HASH_CACHE_SIZE=0;var stringHashCache={};function assertNotInfinite(size){invariant(size!==Infinity,"Cannot perform this action with an infinite size.")}createClass(Map,KeyedCollection);function Map(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptyMap():isMap(value)&&!isOrdered(value)?value:emptyMap().withMutations(function(map){var iter=KeyedIterable(value);assertNotInfinite(iter.size);iter.forEach(function(v,k){return map.set(k,v)})})}Map.of=function(){var keyValues=SLICE$0.call(arguments,0);return emptyMap().withMutations(function(map){for(var i=0;i<keyValues.length;i+=2){if(i+1>=keyValues.length){throw new Error("Missing value for key: "+keyValues[i])}map.set(keyValues[i],keyValues[i+1])}})};Map.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("Map {","}")};Map.prototype.get=function(k,notSetValue){return this._root?this._root.get(0,undefined,k,notSetValue):notSetValue};Map.prototype.set=function(k,v){return updateMap(this,k,v)};Map.prototype.setIn=function(keyPath,v){return this.updateIn(keyPath,NOT_SET,function(){return v})};Map.prototype.remove=function(k){return updateMap(this,k,NOT_SET)};Map.prototype.deleteIn=function(keyPath){return this.updateIn(keyPath,function(){return NOT_SET})};Map.prototype.update=function(k,notSetValue,updater){return arguments.length===1?k(this):this.updateIn([k],notSetValue,updater)};Map.prototype.updateIn=function(keyPath,notSetValue,updater){if(!updater){updater=notSetValue;notSetValue=undefined}var updatedValue=updateInDeepMap(this,forceIterator(keyPath),notSetValue,updater);return updatedValue===NOT_SET?undefined:updatedValue};Map.prototype.clear=function(){if(this.size===0){return this}if(this.__ownerID){this.size=0;this._root=null;this.__hash=undefined;this.__altered=true;return this}return emptyMap()};Map.prototype.merge=function(){return mergeIntoMapWith(this,undefined,arguments)};Map.prototype.mergeWith=function(merger){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,1);return mergeIntoMapWith(this,merger,iters)};Map.prototype.mergeIn=function(keyPath){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,1);return this.updateIn(keyPath,emptyMap(),function(m){return typeof m.merge==="function"?m.merge.apply(m,iters):iters[iters.length-1]})};Map.prototype.mergeDeep=function(){return mergeIntoMapWith(this,deepMerger,arguments)};Map.prototype.mergeDeepWith=function(merger){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,1);return mergeIntoMapWith(this,deepMergerWith(merger),iters)};Map.prototype.mergeDeepIn=function(keyPath){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,1);return this.updateIn(keyPath,emptyMap(),function(m){return typeof m.mergeDeep==="function"?m.mergeDeep.apply(m,iters):iters[iters.length-1]})};Map.prototype.sort=function(comparator){return OrderedMap(sortFactory(this,comparator))};Map.prototype.sortBy=function(mapper,comparator){return OrderedMap(sortFactory(this,comparator,mapper))};Map.prototype.withMutations=function(fn){var mutable=this.asMutable();fn(mutable);return mutable.wasAltered()?mutable.__ensureOwner(this.__ownerID):this};Map.prototype.asMutable=function(){return this.__ownerID?this:this.__ensureOwner(new OwnerID)};Map.prototype.asImmutable=function(){return this.__ensureOwner()};Map.prototype.wasAltered=function(){return this.__altered};Map.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){return new MapIterator(this,type,reverse)};Map.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;var iterations=0;this._root&&this._root.iterate(function(entry){iterations++;return fn(entry[1],entry[0],this$0)},reverse);return iterations};Map.prototype.__ensureOwner=function(ownerID){if(ownerID===this.__ownerID){return this}if(!ownerID){this.__ownerID=ownerID;this.__altered=false;return this}return makeMap(this.size,this._root,ownerID,this.__hash)};function isMap(maybeMap){return!!(maybeMap&&maybeMap[IS_MAP_SENTINEL])}Map.isMap=isMap;var IS_MAP_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_MAP__@@";var MapPrototype=Map.prototype;MapPrototype[IS_MAP_SENTINEL]=true;MapPrototype[DELETE]=MapPrototype.remove;MapPrototype.removeIn=MapPrototype.deleteIn;function ArrayMapNode(ownerID,entries){this.ownerID=ownerID;this.entries=entries}ArrayMapNode.prototype.get=function(shift,keyHash,key,notSetValue){var entries=this.entries;for(var ii=0,len=entries.length;ii<len;ii++){if(is(key,entries[ii][0])){return entries[ii][1]}}return notSetValue};ArrayMapNode.prototype.update=function(ownerID,shift,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter){var removed=value===NOT_SET;var entries=this.entries;var idx=0;for(var len=entries.length;idx<len;idx++){if(is(key,entries[idx][0])){break}}var exists=idx<len;if(exists?entries[idx][1]===value:removed){return this}SetRef(didAlter);(removed||!exists)&&SetRef(didChangeSize);if(removed&&entries.length===1){return}if(!exists&&!removed&&entries.length>=MAX_ARRAY_MAP_SIZE){return createNodes(ownerID,entries,key,value)}var isEditable=ownerID&&ownerID===this.ownerID;var newEntries=isEditable?entries:arrCopy(entries);if(exists){if(removed){idx===len-1?newEntries.pop():newEntries[idx]=newEntries.pop()}else{newEntries[idx]=[key,value]}}else{newEntries.push([key,value])}if(isEditable){this.entries=newEntries;return this}return new ArrayMapNode(ownerID,newEntries)};function BitmapIndexedNode(ownerID,bitmap,nodes){this.ownerID=ownerID;this.bitmap=bitmap;this.nodes=nodes}BitmapIndexedNode.prototype.get=function(shift,keyHash,key,notSetValue){if(keyHash===undefined){keyHash=hash(key)}var bit=1<<((shift===0?keyHash:keyHash>>>shift)&MASK);var bitmap=this.bitmap;return(bitmap&bit)===0?notSetValue:this.nodes[popCount(bitmap&bit-1)].get(shift+SHIFT,keyHash,key,notSetValue)};BitmapIndexedNode.prototype.update=function(ownerID,shift,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter){if(keyHash===undefined){keyHash=hash(key)}var keyHashFrag=(shift===0?keyHash:keyHash>>>shift)&MASK;var bit=1<<keyHashFrag;var bitmap=this.bitmap;var exists=(bitmap&bit)!==0;if(!exists&&value===NOT_SET){return this}var idx=popCount(bitmap&bit-1);var nodes=this.nodes;var node=exists?nodes[idx]:undefined;var newNode=updateNode(node,ownerID,shift+SHIFT,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter);if(newNode===node){return this}if(!exists&&newNode&&nodes.length>=MAX_BITMAP_INDEXED_SIZE){return expandNodes(ownerID,nodes,bitmap,keyHashFrag,newNode)}if(exists&&!newNode&&nodes.length===2&&isLeafNode(nodes[idx^1])){return nodes[idx^1]}if(exists&&newNode&&nodes.length===1&&isLeafNode(newNode)){return newNode}var isEditable=ownerID&&ownerID===this.ownerID;var newBitmap=exists?newNode?bitmap:bitmap^bit:bitmap|bit;var newNodes=exists?newNode?setIn(nodes,idx,newNode,isEditable):spliceOut(nodes,idx,isEditable):spliceIn(nodes,idx,newNode,isEditable);if(isEditable){this.bitmap=newBitmap;this.nodes=newNodes;return this}return new BitmapIndexedNode(ownerID,newBitmap,newNodes)};function HashArrayMapNode(ownerID,count,nodes){this.ownerID=ownerID;this.count=count;this.nodes=nodes}HashArrayMapNode.prototype.get=function(shift,keyHash,key,notSetValue){if(keyHash===undefined){keyHash=hash(key)}var idx=(shift===0?keyHash:keyHash>>>shift)&MASK;var node=this.nodes[idx];return node?node.get(shift+SHIFT,keyHash,key,notSetValue):notSetValue};HashArrayMapNode.prototype.update=function(ownerID,shift,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter){if(keyHash===undefined){keyHash=hash(key)}var idx=(shift===0?keyHash:keyHash>>>shift)&MASK;var removed=value===NOT_SET;var nodes=this.nodes;var node=nodes[idx];if(removed&&!node){return this}var newNode=updateNode(node,ownerID,shift+SHIFT,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter);if(newNode===node){return this}var newCount=this.count;if(!node){newCount++}else if(!newNode){newCount--;if(newCount<MIN_HASH_ARRAY_MAP_SIZE){return packNodes(ownerID,nodes,newCount,idx)}}var isEditable=ownerID&&ownerID===this.ownerID;var newNodes=setIn(nodes,idx,newNode,isEditable);if(isEditable){this.count=newCount;this.nodes=newNodes;return this}return new HashArrayMapNode(ownerID,newCount,newNodes)};function HashCollisionNode(ownerID,keyHash,entries){this.ownerID=ownerID;this.keyHash=keyHash;this.entries=entries}HashCollisionNode.prototype.get=function(shift,keyHash,key,notSetValue){var entries=this.entries;for(var ii=0,len=entries.length;ii<len;ii++){if(is(key,entries[ii][0])){return entries[ii][1]}}return notSetValue};HashCollisionNode.prototype.update=function(ownerID,shift,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter){if(keyHash===undefined){keyHash=hash(key)}var removed=value===NOT_SET;if(keyHash!==this.keyHash){if(removed){return this}SetRef(didAlter);SetRef(didChangeSize);return mergeIntoNode(this,ownerID,shift,keyHash,[key,value])}var entries=this.entries;var idx=0;for(var len=entries.length;idx<len;idx++){if(is(key,entries[idx][0])){break}}var exists=idx<len;if(exists?entries[idx][1]===value:removed){return this}SetRef(didAlter);(removed||!exists)&&SetRef(didChangeSize);if(removed&&len===2){return new ValueNode(ownerID,this.keyHash,entries[idx^1])}var isEditable=ownerID&&ownerID===this.ownerID;var newEntries=isEditable?entries:arrCopy(entries);if(exists){if(removed){idx===len-1?newEntries.pop():newEntries[idx]=newEntries.pop()}else{newEntries[idx]=[key,value]}}else{newEntries.push([key,value])}if(isEditable){this.entries=newEntries;return this}return new HashCollisionNode(ownerID,this.keyHash,newEntries)};function ValueNode(ownerID,keyHash,entry){this.ownerID=ownerID;this.keyHash=keyHash;this.entry=entry}ValueNode.prototype.get=function(shift,keyHash,key,notSetValue){return is(key,this.entry[0])?this.entry[1]:notSetValue};ValueNode.prototype.update=function(ownerID,shift,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter){var removed=value===NOT_SET;var keyMatch=is(key,this.entry[0]);if(keyMatch?value===this.entry[1]:removed){return this}SetRef(didAlter);if(removed){SetRef(didChangeSize);return}if(keyMatch){if(ownerID&&ownerID===this.ownerID){this.entry[1]=value;return this}return new ValueNode(ownerID,this.keyHash,[key,value])}SetRef(didChangeSize);return mergeIntoNode(this,ownerID,shift,hash(key),[key,value])};ArrayMapNode.prototype.iterate=HashCollisionNode.prototype.iterate=function(fn,reverse){var entries=this.entries;for(var ii=0,maxIndex=entries.length-1;ii<=maxIndex;ii++){if(fn(entries[reverse?maxIndex-ii:ii])===false){return false}}};BitmapIndexedNode.prototype.iterate=HashArrayMapNode.prototype.iterate=function(fn,reverse){var nodes=this.nodes;for(var ii=0,maxIndex=nodes.length-1;ii<=maxIndex;ii++){var node=nodes[reverse?maxIndex-ii:ii];if(node&&node.iterate(fn,reverse)===false){return false}}};ValueNode.prototype.iterate=function(fn,reverse){return fn(this.entry)};createClass(MapIterator,Iterator);function MapIterator(map,type,reverse){this._type=type;this._reverse=reverse;this._stack=map._root&&mapIteratorFrame(map._root)}MapIterator.prototype.next=function(){var type=this._type;var stack=this._stack;while(stack){var node=stack.node;var index=stack.index++;var maxIndex;if(node.entry){if(index===0){return mapIteratorValue(type,node.entry)}}else if(node.entries){maxIndex=node.entries.length-1;if(index<=maxIndex){return mapIteratorValue(type,node.entries[this._reverse?maxIndex-index:index])}}else{maxIndex=node.nodes.length-1;if(index<=maxIndex){var subNode=node.nodes[this._reverse?maxIndex-index:index];if(subNode){if(subNode.entry){return mapIteratorValue(type,subNode.entry)}stack=this._stack=mapIteratorFrame(subNode,stack)}continue}}stack=this._stack=this._stack.__prev}return iteratorDone()};function mapIteratorValue(type,entry){return iteratorValue(type,entry[0],entry[1])}function mapIteratorFrame(node,prev){return{node:node,index:0,__prev:prev}}function makeMap(size,root,ownerID,hash){var map=Object.create(MapPrototype);map.size=size;map._root=root;map.__ownerID=ownerID;map.__hash=hash;map.__altered=false;return map}var EMPTY_MAP;function emptyMap(){return EMPTY_MAP||(EMPTY_MAP=makeMap(0))}function updateMap(map,k,v){var newRoot;var newSize;if(!map._root){if(v===NOT_SET){return map}newSize=1;newRoot=new ArrayMapNode(map.__ownerID,[[k,v]])}else{var didChangeSize=MakeRef(CHANGE_LENGTH);var didAlter=MakeRef(DID_ALTER);newRoot=updateNode(map._root,map.__ownerID,0,undefined,k,v,didChangeSize,didAlter);if(!didAlter.value){return map}newSize=map.size+(didChangeSize.value?v===NOT_SET?-1:1:0)}if(map.__ownerID){map.size=newSize;map._root=newRoot;map.__hash=undefined;map.__altered=true;return map}return newRoot?makeMap(newSize,newRoot):emptyMap()}function updateNode(node,ownerID,shift,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter){if(!node){if(value===NOT_SET){return node}SetRef(didAlter);SetRef(didChangeSize);return new ValueNode(ownerID,keyHash,[key,value])}return node.update(ownerID,shift,keyHash,key,value,didChangeSize,didAlter)}function isLeafNode(node){return node.constructor===ValueNode||node.constructor===HashCollisionNode}function mergeIntoNode(node,ownerID,shift,keyHash,entry){if(node.keyHash===keyHash){return new HashCollisionNode(ownerID,keyHash,[node.entry,entry])}var idx1=(shift===0?node.keyHash:node.keyHash>>>shift)&MASK;var idx2=(shift===0?keyHash:keyHash>>>shift)&MASK;var newNode;var nodes=idx1===idx2?[mergeIntoNode(node,ownerID,shift+SHIFT,keyHash,entry)]:(newNode=new ValueNode(ownerID,keyHash,entry),idx1<idx2?[node,newNode]:[newNode,node]);return new BitmapIndexedNode(ownerID,1<<idx1|1<<idx2,nodes)}
function createNodes(ownerID,entries,key,value){if(!ownerID){ownerID=new OwnerID}var node=new ValueNode(ownerID,hash(key),[key,value]);for(var ii=0;ii<entries.length;ii++){var entry=entries[ii];node=node.update(ownerID,0,undefined,entry[0],entry[1])}return node}function packNodes(ownerID,nodes,count,excluding){var bitmap=0;var packedII=0;var packedNodes=new Array(count);for(var ii=0,bit=1,len=nodes.length;ii<len;ii++,bit<<=1){var node=nodes[ii];if(node!==undefined&&ii!==excluding){bitmap|=bit;packedNodes[packedII++]=node}}return new BitmapIndexedNode(ownerID,bitmap,packedNodes)}function expandNodes(ownerID,nodes,bitmap,including,node){var count=0;var expandedNodes=new Array(SIZE);for(var ii=0;bitmap!==0;ii++,bitmap>>>=1){expandedNodes[ii]=bitmap&1?nodes[count++]:undefined}expandedNodes[including]=node;return new HashArrayMapNode(ownerID,count+1,expandedNodes)}function mergeIntoMapWith(map,merger,iterables){var iters=[];for(var ii=0;ii<iterables.length;ii++){var value=iterables[ii];var iter=KeyedIterable(value);if(!isIterable(value)){iter=iter.map(function(v){return fromJS(v)})}iters.push(iter)}return mergeIntoCollectionWith(map,merger,iters)}function deepMerger(existing,value,key){return existing&&existing.mergeDeep&&isIterable(value)?existing.mergeDeep(value):is(existing,value)?existing:value}function deepMergerWith(merger){return function(existing,value,key){if(existing&&existing.mergeDeepWith&&isIterable(value)){return existing.mergeDeepWith(merger,value)}var nextValue=merger(existing,value,key);return is(existing,nextValue)?existing:nextValue}}function mergeIntoCollectionWith(collection,merger,iters){iters=iters.filter(function(x){return x.size!==0});if(iters.length===0){return collection}if(collection.size===0&&!collection.__ownerID&&iters.length===1){return collection.constructor(iters[0])}return collection.withMutations(function(collection){var mergeIntoMap=merger?function(value,key){collection.update(key,NOT_SET,function(existing){return existing===NOT_SET?value:merger(existing,value,key)})}:function(value,key){collection.set(key,value)};for(var ii=0;ii<iters.length;ii++){iters[ii].forEach(mergeIntoMap)}})}function updateInDeepMap(existing,keyPathIter,notSetValue,updater){var isNotSet=existing===NOT_SET;var step=keyPathIter.next();if(step.done){var existingValue=isNotSet?notSetValue:existing;var newValue=updater(existingValue);return newValue===existingValue?existing:newValue}invariant(isNotSet||existing&&existing.set,"invalid keyPath");var key=step.value;var nextExisting=isNotSet?NOT_SET:existing.get(key,NOT_SET);var nextUpdated=updateInDeepMap(nextExisting,keyPathIter,notSetValue,updater);return nextUpdated===nextExisting?existing:nextUpdated===NOT_SET?existing.remove(key):(isNotSet?emptyMap():existing).set(key,nextUpdated)}function popCount(x){x=x-(x>>1&1431655765);x=(x&858993459)+(x>>2&858993459);x=x+(x>>4)&252645135;x=x+(x>>8);x=x+(x>>16);return x&127}function setIn(array,idx,val,canEdit){var newArray=canEdit?array:arrCopy(array);newArray[idx]=val;return newArray}function spliceIn(array,idx,val,canEdit){var newLen=array.length+1;if(canEdit&&idx+1===newLen){array[idx]=val;return array}var newArray=new Array(newLen);var after=0;for(var ii=0;ii<newLen;ii++){if(ii===idx){newArray[ii]=val;after=-1}else{newArray[ii]=array[ii+after]}}return newArray}function spliceOut(array,idx,canEdit){var newLen=array.length-1;if(canEdit&&idx===newLen){array.pop();return array}var newArray=new Array(newLen);var after=0;for(var ii=0;ii<newLen;ii++){if(ii===idx){after=1}newArray[ii]=array[ii+after]}return newArray}var MAX_ARRAY_MAP_SIZE=SIZE/4;var MAX_BITMAP_INDEXED_SIZE=SIZE/2;var MIN_HASH_ARRAY_MAP_SIZE=SIZE/4;createClass(List,IndexedCollection);function List(value){var empty=emptyList();if(value===null||value===undefined){return empty}if(isList(value)){return value}var iter=IndexedIterable(value);var size=iter.size;if(size===0){return empty}assertNotInfinite(size);if(size>0&&size<SIZE){return makeList(0,size,SHIFT,null,new VNode(iter.toArray()))}return empty.withMutations(function(list){list.setSize(size);iter.forEach(function(v,i){return list.set(i,v)})})}List.of=function(){return this(arguments)};List.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("List [","]")};List.prototype.get=function(index,notSetValue){index=wrapIndex(this,index);if(index>=0&&index<this.size){index+=this._origin;var node=listNodeFor(this,index);return node&&node.array[index&MASK]}return notSetValue};List.prototype.set=function(index,value){return updateList(this,index,value)};List.prototype.remove=function(index){return!this.has(index)?this:index===0?this.shift():index===this.size-1?this.pop():this.splice(index,1)};List.prototype.insert=function(index,value){return this.splice(index,0,value)};List.prototype.clear=function(){if(this.size===0){return this}if(this.__ownerID){this.size=this._origin=this._capacity=0;this._level=SHIFT;this._root=this._tail=null;this.__hash=undefined;this.__altered=true;return this}return emptyList()};List.prototype.push=function(){var values=arguments;var oldSize=this.size;return this.withMutations(function(list){setListBounds(list,0,oldSize+values.length);for(var ii=0;ii<values.length;ii++){list.set(oldSize+ii,values[ii])}})};List.prototype.pop=function(){return setListBounds(this,0,-1)};List.prototype.unshift=function(){var values=arguments;return this.withMutations(function(list){setListBounds(list,-values.length);for(var ii=0;ii<values.length;ii++){list.set(ii,values[ii])}})};List.prototype.shift=function(){return setListBounds(this,1)};List.prototype.merge=function(){return mergeIntoListWith(this,undefined,arguments)};List.prototype.mergeWith=function(merger){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,1);return mergeIntoListWith(this,merger,iters)};List.prototype.mergeDeep=function(){return mergeIntoListWith(this,deepMerger,arguments)};List.prototype.mergeDeepWith=function(merger){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,1);return mergeIntoListWith(this,deepMergerWith(merger),iters)};List.prototype.setSize=function(size){return setListBounds(this,0,size)};List.prototype.slice=function(begin,end){var size=this.size;if(wholeSlice(begin,end,size)){return this}return setListBounds(this,resolveBegin(begin,size),resolveEnd(end,size))};List.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var index=0;var values=iterateList(this,reverse);return new Iterator(function(){var value=values();return value===DONE?iteratorDone():iteratorValue(type,index++,value)})};List.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var index=0;var values=iterateList(this,reverse);var value;while((value=values())!==DONE){if(fn(value,index++,this)===false){break}}return index};List.prototype.__ensureOwner=function(ownerID){if(ownerID===this.__ownerID){return this}if(!ownerID){this.__ownerID=ownerID;return this}return makeList(this._origin,this._capacity,this._level,this._root,this._tail,ownerID,this.__hash)};function isList(maybeList){return!!(maybeList&&maybeList[IS_LIST_SENTINEL])}List.isList=isList;var IS_LIST_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_LIST__@@";var ListPrototype=List.prototype;ListPrototype[IS_LIST_SENTINEL]=true;ListPrototype[DELETE]=ListPrototype.remove;ListPrototype.setIn=MapPrototype.setIn;ListPrototype.deleteIn=ListPrototype.removeIn=MapPrototype.removeIn;ListPrototype.update=MapPrototype.update;ListPrototype.updateIn=MapPrototype.updateIn;ListPrototype.mergeIn=MapPrototype.mergeIn;ListPrototype.mergeDeepIn=MapPrototype.mergeDeepIn;ListPrototype.withMutations=MapPrototype.withMutations;ListPrototype.asMutable=MapPrototype.asMutable;ListPrototype.asImmutable=MapPrototype.asImmutable;ListPrototype.wasAltered=MapPrototype.wasAltered;function VNode(array,ownerID){this.array=array;this.ownerID=ownerID}VNode.prototype.removeBefore=function(ownerID,level,index){if(index===level?1<<level:0||this.array.length===0){return this}var originIndex=index>>>level&MASK;if(originIndex>=this.array.length){return new VNode([],ownerID)}var removingFirst=originIndex===0;var newChild;if(level>0){var oldChild=this.array[originIndex];newChild=oldChild&&oldChild.removeBefore(ownerID,level-SHIFT,index);if(newChild===oldChild&&removingFirst){return this}}if(removingFirst&&!newChild){return this}var editable=editableVNode(this,ownerID);if(!removingFirst){for(var ii=0;ii<originIndex;ii++){editable.array[ii]=undefined}}if(newChild){editable.array[originIndex]=newChild}return editable};VNode.prototype.removeAfter=function(ownerID,level,index){if(index===(level?1<<level:0)||this.array.length===0){return this}var sizeIndex=index-1>>>level&MASK;if(sizeIndex>=this.array.length){return this}var newChild;if(level>0){var oldChild=this.array[sizeIndex];newChild=oldChild&&oldChild.removeAfter(ownerID,level-SHIFT,index);if(newChild===oldChild&&sizeIndex===this.array.length-1){return this}}var editable=editableVNode(this,ownerID);editable.array.splice(sizeIndex+1);if(newChild){editable.array[sizeIndex]=newChild}return editable};var DONE={};function iterateList(list,reverse){var left=list._origin;var right=list._capacity;var tailPos=getTailOffset(right);var tail=list._tail;return iterateNodeOrLeaf(list._root,list._level,0);function iterateNodeOrLeaf(node,level,offset){return level===0?iterateLeaf(node,offset):iterateNode(node,level,offset)}function iterateLeaf(node,offset){var array=offset===tailPos?tail&&tail.array:node&&node.array;var from=offset>left?0:left-offset;var to=right-offset;if(to>SIZE){to=SIZE}return function(){if(from===to){return DONE}var idx=reverse?--to:from++;return array&&array[idx]}}function iterateNode(node,level,offset){var values;var array=node&&node.array;var from=offset>left?0:left-offset>>level;var to=(right-offset>>level)+1;if(to>SIZE){to=SIZE}return function(){do{if(values){var value=values();if(value!==DONE){return value}values=null}if(from===to){return DONE}var idx=reverse?--to:from++;values=iterateNodeOrLeaf(array&&array[idx],level-SHIFT,offset+(idx<<level))}while(true)}}}function makeList(origin,capacity,level,root,tail,ownerID,hash){var list=Object.create(ListPrototype);list.size=capacity-origin;list._origin=origin;list._capacity=capacity;list._level=level;list._root=root;list._tail=tail;list.__ownerID=ownerID;list.__hash=hash;list.__altered=false;return list}var EMPTY_LIST;function emptyList(){return EMPTY_LIST||(EMPTY_LIST=makeList(0,0,SHIFT))}function updateList(list,index,value){index=wrapIndex(list,index);if(index!==index){return list}if(index>=list.size||index<0){return list.withMutations(function(list){index<0?setListBounds(list,index).set(0,value):setListBounds(list,0,index+1).set(index,value)})}index+=list._origin;var newTail=list._tail;var newRoot=list._root;var didAlter=MakeRef(DID_ALTER);if(index>=getTailOffset(list._capacity)){newTail=updateVNode(newTail,list.__ownerID,0,index,value,didAlter)}else{newRoot=updateVNode(newRoot,list.__ownerID,list._level,index,value,didAlter)}if(!didAlter.value){return list}if(list.__ownerID){list._root=newRoot;list._tail=newTail;list.__hash=undefined;list.__altered=true;return list}return makeList(list._origin,list._capacity,list._level,newRoot,newTail)}function updateVNode(node,ownerID,level,index,value,didAlter){var idx=index>>>level&MASK;var nodeHas=node&&idx<node.array.length;if(!nodeHas&&value===undefined){return node}var newNode;if(level>0){var lowerNode=node&&node.array[idx];var newLowerNode=updateVNode(lowerNode,ownerID,level-SHIFT,index,value,didAlter);if(newLowerNode===lowerNode){return node}newNode=editableVNode(node,ownerID);newNode.array[idx]=newLowerNode;return newNode}if(nodeHas&&node.array[idx]===value){return node}SetRef(didAlter);newNode=editableVNode(node,ownerID);if(value===undefined&&idx===newNode.array.length-1){newNode.array.pop()}else{newNode.array[idx]=value}return newNode}function editableVNode(node,ownerID){if(ownerID&&node&&ownerID===node.ownerID){return node}return new VNode(node?node.array.slice():[],ownerID)}function listNodeFor(list,rawIndex){if(rawIndex>=getTailOffset(list._capacity)){return list._tail}if(rawIndex<1<<list._level+SHIFT){var node=list._root;var level=list._level;while(node&&level>0){node=node.array[rawIndex>>>level&MASK];level-=SHIFT}return node}}function setListBounds(list,begin,end){if(begin!==undefined){begin=begin|0}if(end!==undefined){end=end|0}var owner=list.__ownerID||new OwnerID;var oldOrigin=list._origin;var oldCapacity=list._capacity;var newOrigin=oldOrigin+begin;var newCapacity=end===undefined?oldCapacity:end<0?oldCapacity+end:oldOrigin+end;if(newOrigin===oldOrigin&&newCapacity===oldCapacity){return list}if(newOrigin>=newCapacity){return list.clear()}var newLevel=list._level;var newRoot=list._root;var offsetShift=0;while(newOrigin+offsetShift<0){newRoot=new VNode(newRoot&&newRoot.array.length?[undefined,newRoot]:[],owner);newLevel+=SHIFT;offsetShift+=1<<newLevel}if(offsetShift){newOrigin+=offsetShift;oldOrigin+=offsetShift;newCapacity+=offsetShift;oldCapacity+=offsetShift}var oldTailOffset=getTailOffset(oldCapacity);var newTailOffset=getTailOffset(newCapacity);while(newTailOffset>=1<<newLevel+SHIFT){newRoot=new VNode(newRoot&&newRoot.array.length?[newRoot]:[],owner);newLevel+=SHIFT}var oldTail=list._tail;var newTail=newTailOffset<oldTailOffset?listNodeFor(list,newCapacity-1):newTailOffset>oldTailOffset?new VNode([],owner):oldTail;if(oldTail&&newTailOffset>oldTailOffset&&newOrigin<oldCapacity&&oldTail.array.length){newRoot=editableVNode(newRoot,owner);var node=newRoot;for(var level=newLevel;level>SHIFT;level-=SHIFT){var idx=oldTailOffset>>>level&MASK;node=node.array[idx]=editableVNode(node.array[idx],owner)}node.array[oldTailOffset>>>SHIFT&MASK]=oldTail}if(newCapacity<oldCapacity){newTail=newTail&&newTail.removeAfter(owner,0,newCapacity)}if(newOrigin>=newTailOffset){newOrigin-=newTailOffset;newCapacity-=newTailOffset;newLevel=SHIFT;newRoot=null;newTail=newTail&&newTail.removeBefore(owner,0,newOrigin)}else if(newOrigin>oldOrigin||newTailOffset<oldTailOffset){offsetShift=0;while(newRoot){var beginIndex=newOrigin>>>newLevel&MASK;if(beginIndex!==newTailOffset>>>newLevel&MASK){break}if(beginIndex){offsetShift+=(1<<newLevel)*beginIndex}newLevel-=SHIFT;newRoot=newRoot.array[beginIndex]}if(newRoot&&newOrigin>oldOrigin){newRoot=newRoot.removeBefore(owner,newLevel,newOrigin-offsetShift)}if(newRoot&&newTailOffset<oldTailOffset){newRoot=newRoot.removeAfter(owner,newLevel,newTailOffset-offsetShift)}if(offsetShift){newOrigin-=offsetShift;newCapacity-=offsetShift}}if(list.__ownerID){list.size=newCapacity-newOrigin;list._origin=newOrigin;list._capacity=newCapacity;list._level=newLevel;list._root=newRoot;list._tail=newTail;list.__hash=undefined;list.__altered=true;return list}return makeList(newOrigin,newCapacity,newLevel,newRoot,newTail)}function mergeIntoListWith(list,merger,iterables){var iters=[];var maxSize=0;for(var ii=0;ii<iterables.length;ii++){var value=iterables[ii];var iter=IndexedIterable(value);if(iter.size>maxSize){maxSize=iter.size}if(!isIterable(value)){iter=iter.map(function(v){return fromJS(v)})}iters.push(iter)}if(maxSize>list.size){list=list.setSize(maxSize)}return mergeIntoCollectionWith(list,merger,iters)}function getTailOffset(size){return size<SIZE?0:size-1>>>SHIFT<<SHIFT}createClass(OrderedMap,Map);function OrderedMap(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptyOrderedMap():isOrderedMap(value)?value:emptyOrderedMap().withMutations(function(map){var iter=KeyedIterable(value);assertNotInfinite(iter.size);iter.forEach(function(v,k){return map.set(k,v)})})}OrderedMap.of=function(){return this(arguments)};OrderedMap.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("OrderedMap {","}")};OrderedMap.prototype.get=function(k,notSetValue){var index=this._map.get(k);return index!==undefined?this._list.get(index)[1]:notSetValue};OrderedMap.prototype.clear=function(){if(this.size===0){return this}if(this.__ownerID){this.size=0;this._map.clear();this._list.clear();return this}return emptyOrderedMap()};OrderedMap.prototype.set=function(k,v){return updateOrderedMap(this,k,v)};OrderedMap.prototype.remove=function(k){return updateOrderedMap(this,k,NOT_SET)};OrderedMap.prototype.wasAltered=function(){return this._map.wasAltered()||this._list.wasAltered()};OrderedMap.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return this._list.__iterate(function(entry){return entry&&fn(entry[1],entry[0],this$0)},reverse)};OrderedMap.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){return this._list.fromEntrySeq().__iterator(type,reverse)};OrderedMap.prototype.__ensureOwner=function(ownerID){if(ownerID===this.__ownerID){return this}var newMap=this._map.__ensureOwner(ownerID);var newList=this._list.__ensureOwner(ownerID);if(!ownerID){this.__ownerID=ownerID;this._map=newMap;this._list=newList;return this}return makeOrderedMap(newMap,newList,ownerID,this.__hash)};function isOrderedMap(maybeOrderedMap){return isMap(maybeOrderedMap)&&isOrdered(maybeOrderedMap)}OrderedMap.isOrderedMap=isOrderedMap;OrderedMap.prototype[IS_ORDERED_SENTINEL]=true;OrderedMap.prototype[DELETE]=OrderedMap.prototype.remove;function makeOrderedMap(map,list,ownerID,hash){var omap=Object.create(OrderedMap.prototype);omap.size=map?map.size:0;omap._map=map;omap._list=list;omap.__ownerID=ownerID;omap.__hash=hash;return omap}var EMPTY_ORDERED_MAP;function emptyOrderedMap(){return EMPTY_ORDERED_MAP||(EMPTY_ORDERED_MAP=makeOrderedMap(emptyMap(),emptyList()))}function updateOrderedMap(omap,k,v){var map=omap._map;var list=omap._list;var i=map.get(k);var has=i!==undefined;var newMap;var newList;if(v===NOT_SET){if(!has){return omap}if(list.size>=SIZE&&list.size>=map.size*2){newList=list.filter(function(entry,idx){return entry!==undefined&&i!==idx});newMap=newList.toKeyedSeq().map(function(entry){return entry[0]}).flip().toMap();if(omap.__ownerID){newMap.__ownerID=newList.__ownerID=omap.__ownerID}}else{newMap=map.remove(k);newList=i===list.size-1?list.pop():list.set(i,undefined)}}else{if(has){if(v===list.get(i)[1]){return omap}newMap=map;newList=list.set(i,[k,v])}else{newMap=map.set(k,list.size);newList=list.set(list.size,[k,v])}}if(omap.__ownerID){omap.size=newMap.size;omap._map=newMap;omap._list=newList;omap.__hash=undefined;return omap}return makeOrderedMap(newMap,newList)}createClass(ToKeyedSequence,KeyedSeq);function ToKeyedSequence(indexed,useKeys){this._iter=indexed;this._useKeys=useKeys;this.size=indexed.size}ToKeyedSequence.prototype.get=function(key,notSetValue){return this._iter.get(key,notSetValue)};ToKeyedSequence.prototype.has=function(key){return this._iter.has(key)};ToKeyedSequence.prototype.valueSeq=function(){return this._iter.valueSeq()};ToKeyedSequence.prototype.reverse=function(){var this$0=this;var reversedSequence=reverseFactory(this,true);if(!this._useKeys){reversedSequence.valueSeq=function(){return this$0._iter.toSeq().reverse()}}return reversedSequence};ToKeyedSequence.prototype.map=function(mapper,context){var this$0=this;var mappedSequence=mapFactory(this,mapper,context);if(!this._useKeys){mappedSequence.valueSeq=function(){return this$0._iter.toSeq().map(mapper,context)}}return mappedSequence};ToKeyedSequence.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;var ii;return this._iter.__iterate(this._useKeys?function(v,k){return fn(v,k,this$0)}:(ii=reverse?resolveSize(this):0,function(v){return fn(v,reverse?--ii:ii++,this$0)}),reverse)};ToKeyedSequence.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){if(this._useKeys){return this._iter.__iterator(type,reverse)}var iterator=this._iter.__iterator(ITERATE_VALUES,reverse);var ii=reverse?resolveSize(this):0;return new Iterator(function(){var step=iterator.next();return step.done?step:iteratorValue(type,reverse?--ii:ii++,step.value,step)})};ToKeyedSequence.prototype[IS_ORDERED_SENTINEL]=true;createClass(ToIndexedSequence,IndexedSeq);function ToIndexedSequence(iter){this._iter=iter;this.size=iter.size}ToIndexedSequence.prototype.includes=function(value){return this._iter.includes(value)};ToIndexedSequence.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;var iterations=0;return this._iter.__iterate(function(v){return fn(v,iterations++,this$0)},reverse)};ToIndexedSequence.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var iterator=this._iter.__iterator(ITERATE_VALUES,reverse);var iterations=0;return new Iterator(function(){var step=iterator.next();return step.done?step:iteratorValue(type,iterations++,step.value,step)})};createClass(ToSetSequence,SetSeq);function ToSetSequence(iter){this._iter=iter;this.size=iter.size}ToSetSequence.prototype.has=function(key){return this._iter.includes(key)};ToSetSequence.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return this._iter.__iterate(function(v){return fn(v,v,this$0)},reverse)};ToSetSequence.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var iterator=this._iter.__iterator(ITERATE_VALUES,reverse);return new Iterator(function(){var step=iterator.next();return step.done?step:iteratorValue(type,step.value,step.value,step)})};createClass(FromEntriesSequence,KeyedSeq);function FromEntriesSequence(entries){this._iter=entries;this.size=entries.size}FromEntriesSequence.prototype.entrySeq=function(){return this._iter.toSeq()};FromEntriesSequence.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return this._iter.__iterate(function(entry){if(entry){validateEntry(entry);var indexedIterable=isIterable(entry);return fn(indexedIterable?entry.get(1):entry[1],indexedIterable?entry.get(0):entry[0],this$0)}},reverse)};FromEntriesSequence.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var iterator=this._iter.__iterator(ITERATE_VALUES,reverse);return new Iterator(function(){while(true){var step=iterator.next();if(step.done){return step}var entry=step.value;if(entry){validateEntry(entry);var indexedIterable=isIterable(entry);return iteratorValue(type,indexedIterable?entry.get(0):entry[0],indexedIterable?entry.get(1):entry[1],step)}}})};ToIndexedSequence.prototype.cacheResult=ToKeyedSequence.prototype.cacheResult=ToSetSequence.prototype.cacheResult=FromEntriesSequence.prototype.cacheResult=cacheResultThrough;function flipFactory(iterable){var flipSequence=makeSequence(iterable);flipSequence._iter=iterable;flipSequence.size=iterable.size;flipSequence.flip=function(){return iterable};flipSequence.reverse=function(){var reversedSequence=iterable.reverse.apply(this);reversedSequence.flip=function(){return iterable.reverse()};return reversedSequence};flipSequence.has=function(key){return iterable.includes(key)};flipSequence.includes=function(key){return iterable.has(key)};flipSequence.cacheResult=cacheResultThrough;flipSequence.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return iterable.__iterate(function(v,k){return fn(k,v,this$0)!==false},reverse)};flipSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){if(type===ITERATE_ENTRIES){var iterator=iterable.__iterator(type,reverse);return new Iterator(function(){var step=iterator.next();if(!step.done){var k=step.value[0];step.value[0]=step.value[1];step.value[1]=k}return step})}return iterable.__iterator(type===ITERATE_VALUES?ITERATE_KEYS:ITERATE_VALUES,reverse)};return flipSequence}function mapFactory(iterable,mapper,context){var mappedSequence=makeSequence(iterable);mappedSequence.size=iterable.size;mappedSequence.has=function(key){return iterable.has(key)};mappedSequence.get=function(key,notSetValue){var v=iterable.get(key,NOT_SET);return v===NOT_SET?notSetValue:mapper.call(context,v,key,iterable)};mappedSequence.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return iterable.__iterate(function(v,k,c){return fn(mapper.call(context,v,k,c),k,this$0)!==false},reverse)};mappedSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){var iterator=iterable.__iterator(ITERATE_ENTRIES,reverse);return new Iterator(function(){var step=iterator.next();if(step.done){return step}var entry=step.value;var key=entry[0];return iteratorValue(type,key,mapper.call(context,entry[1],key,iterable),step)})};return mappedSequence}function reverseFactory(iterable,useKeys){var reversedSequence=makeSequence(iterable);reversedSequence._iter=iterable;reversedSequence.size=iterable.size;reversedSequence.reverse=function(){return iterable};if(iterable.flip){reversedSequence.flip=function(){var flipSequence=flipFactory(iterable);flipSequence.reverse=function(){return iterable.flip()};return flipSequence}}reversedSequence.get=function(key,notSetValue){return iterable.get(useKeys?key:-1-key,notSetValue)};reversedSequence.has=function(key){return iterable.has(useKeys?key:-1-key)};reversedSequence.includes=function(value){return iterable.includes(value)};reversedSequence.cacheResult=cacheResultThrough;reversedSequence.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return iterable.__iterate(function(v,k){return fn(v,k,this$0)},!reverse)};reversedSequence.__iterator=function(type,reverse){return iterable.__iterator(type,!reverse)};return reversedSequence}function filterFactory(iterable,predicate,context,useKeys){var filterSequence=makeSequence(iterable);if(useKeys){filterSequence.has=function(key){var v=iterable.get(key,NOT_SET);return v!==NOT_SET&&!!predicate.call(context,v,key,iterable)};filterSequence.get=function(key,notSetValue){var v=iterable.get(key,NOT_SET);return v!==NOT_SET&&predicate.call(context,v,key,iterable)?v:notSetValue}}filterSequence.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;var iterations=0;iterable.__iterate(function(v,k,c){if(predicate.call(context,v,k,c)){iterations++;return fn(v,useKeys?k:iterations-1,this$0)}},reverse);return iterations};filterSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){var iterator=iterable.__iterator(ITERATE_ENTRIES,reverse);var iterations=0;return new Iterator(function(){while(true){var step=iterator.next();if(step.done){return step}var entry=step.value;var key=entry[0];var value=entry[1];if(predicate.call(context,value,key,iterable)){return iteratorValue(type,useKeys?key:iterations++,value,step)}}})};return filterSequence}function countByFactory(iterable,grouper,context){var groups=Map().asMutable();iterable.__iterate(function(v,k){groups.update(grouper.call(context,v,k,iterable),0,function(a){return a+1})});return groups.asImmutable()}function groupByFactory(iterable,grouper,context){var isKeyedIter=isKeyed(iterable);var groups=(isOrdered(iterable)?OrderedMap():Map()).asMutable();iterable.__iterate(function(v,k){groups.update(grouper.call(context,v,k,iterable),function(a){return a=a||[],a.push(isKeyedIter?[k,v]:v),a})});var coerce=iterableClass(iterable);return groups.map(function(arr){return reify(iterable,coerce(arr))})}function sliceFactory(iterable,begin,end,useKeys){var originalSize=iterable.size;if(begin!==undefined){begin=begin|0}if(end!==undefined){if(end===Infinity){end=originalSize}else{end=end|0}}if(wholeSlice(begin,end,originalSize)){return iterable}var resolvedBegin=resolveBegin(begin,originalSize);var resolvedEnd=resolveEnd(end,originalSize);if(resolvedBegin!==resolvedBegin||resolvedEnd!==resolvedEnd){return sliceFactory(iterable.toSeq().cacheResult(),begin,end,useKeys)}var resolvedSize=resolvedEnd-resolvedBegin;var sliceSize;if(resolvedSize===resolvedSize){sliceSize=resolvedSize<0?0:resolvedSize}var sliceSeq=makeSequence(iterable);sliceSeq.size=sliceSize===0?sliceSize:iterable.size&&sliceSize||undefined;if(!useKeys&&isSeq(iterable)&&sliceSize>=0){sliceSeq.get=function(index,notSetValue){index=wrapIndex(this,index);return index>=0&&index<sliceSize?iterable.get(index+resolvedBegin,notSetValue):notSetValue}}sliceSeq.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;if(sliceSize===0){return 0}if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterate(fn,reverse)}var skipped=0;var isSkipping=true;var iterations=0;iterable.__iterate(function(v,k){if(!(isSkipping&&(isSkipping=skipped++<resolvedBegin))){iterations++;return fn(v,useKeys?k:iterations-1,this$0)!==false&&iterations!==sliceSize}});return iterations};sliceSeq.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){if(sliceSize!==0&&reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterator(type,reverse)}var iterator=sliceSize!==0&&iterable.__iterator(type,reverse);var skipped=0;var iterations=0;return new Iterator(function(){while(skipped++<resolvedBegin){iterator.next()}if(++iterations>sliceSize){return iteratorDone()}var step=iterator.next();if(useKeys||type===ITERATE_VALUES){return step}else if(type===ITERATE_KEYS){return iteratorValue(type,iterations-1,undefined,step)}else{return iteratorValue(type,iterations-1,step.value[1],step)}})};return sliceSeq}function takeWhileFactory(iterable,predicate,context){var takeSequence=makeSequence(iterable);takeSequence.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterate(fn,reverse)}var iterations=0;iterable.__iterate(function(v,k,c){return predicate.call(context,v,k,c)&&++iterations&&fn(v,k,this$0)});return iterations};takeSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){var this$0=this;if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterator(type,reverse)}var iterator=iterable.__iterator(ITERATE_ENTRIES,reverse);var iterating=true;return new Iterator(function(){if(!iterating){return iteratorDone()}var step=iterator.next();if(step.done){return step}var entry=step.value;var k=entry[0];var v=entry[1];if(!predicate.call(context,v,k,this$0)){iterating=false;return iteratorDone()}return type===ITERATE_ENTRIES?step:iteratorValue(type,k,v,step)})};return takeSequence}function skipWhileFactory(iterable,predicate,context,useKeys){var skipSequence=makeSequence(iterable);skipSequence.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterate(fn,reverse)}var isSkipping=true;var iterations=0;iterable.__iterate(function(v,k,c){if(!(isSkipping&&(isSkipping=predicate.call(context,v,k,c)))){iterations++;return fn(v,useKeys?k:iterations-1,this$0)}});return iterations};skipSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){var this$0=this;if(reverse){return this.cacheResult().__iterator(type,reverse)}var iterator=iterable.__iterator(ITERATE_ENTRIES,reverse);var skipping=true;var iterations=0;return new Iterator(function(){var step,k,v;do{step=iterator.next();if(step.done){if(useKeys||type===ITERATE_VALUES){return step}else if(type===ITERATE_KEYS){return iteratorValue(type,iterations++,undefined,step)}else{return iteratorValue(type,iterations++,step.value[1],step)}}var entry=step.value;k=entry[0];v=entry[1];skipping&&(skipping=predicate.call(context,v,k,this$0))}while(skipping);return type===ITERATE_ENTRIES?step:iteratorValue(type,k,v,step)})};return skipSequence}function concatFactory(iterable,values){var isKeyedIterable=isKeyed(iterable);var iters=[iterable].concat(values).map(function(v){if(!isIterable(v)){v=isKeyedIterable?keyedSeqFromValue(v):indexedSeqFromValue(Array.isArray(v)?v:[v])}else if(isKeyedIterable){v=KeyedIterable(v)}return v}).filter(function(v){return v.size!==0});if(iters.length===0){return iterable}if(iters.length===1){var singleton=iters[0];if(singleton===iterable||isKeyedIterable&&isKeyed(singleton)||isIndexed(iterable)&&isIndexed(singleton)){return singleton}}var concatSeq=new ArraySeq(iters);if(isKeyedIterable){concatSeq=concatSeq.toKeyedSeq()}else if(!isIndexed(iterable)){concatSeq=concatSeq.toSetSeq()}concatSeq=concatSeq.flatten(true);concatSeq.size=iters.reduce(function(sum,seq){if(sum!==undefined){var size=seq.size;if(size!==undefined){return sum+size}}},0);return concatSeq}function flattenFactory(iterable,depth,useKeys){var flatSequence=makeSequence(iterable);flatSequence.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var iterations=0;var stopped=false;function flatDeep(iter,currentDepth){var this$0=this;iter.__iterate(function(v,k){if((!depth||currentDepth<depth)&&isIterable(v)){flatDeep(v,currentDepth+1)}else if(fn(v,useKeys?k:iterations++,this$0)===false){stopped=true}return!stopped},reverse)}flatDeep(iterable,0);return iterations};flatSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){var iterator=iterable.__iterator(type,reverse);var stack=[];var iterations=0;return new Iterator(function(){while(iterator){var step=iterator.next();if(step.done!==false){iterator=stack.pop();continue}var v=step.value;if(type===ITERATE_ENTRIES){v=v[1]}
if((!depth||stack.length<depth)&&isIterable(v)){stack.push(iterator);iterator=v.__iterator(type,reverse)}else{return useKeys?step:iteratorValue(type,iterations++,v,step)}}return iteratorDone()})};return flatSequence}function flatMapFactory(iterable,mapper,context){var coerce=iterableClass(iterable);return iterable.toSeq().map(function(v,k){return coerce(mapper.call(context,v,k,iterable))}).flatten(true)}function interposeFactory(iterable,separator){var interposedSequence=makeSequence(iterable);interposedSequence.size=iterable.size&&iterable.size*2-1;interposedSequence.__iterateUncached=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;var iterations=0;iterable.__iterate(function(v,k){return(!iterations||fn(separator,iterations++,this$0)!==false)&&fn(v,iterations++,this$0)!==false},reverse);return iterations};interposedSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){var iterator=iterable.__iterator(ITERATE_VALUES,reverse);var iterations=0;var step;return new Iterator(function(){if(!step||iterations%2){step=iterator.next();if(step.done){return step}}return iterations%2?iteratorValue(type,iterations++,separator):iteratorValue(type,iterations++,step.value,step)})};return interposedSequence}function sortFactory(iterable,comparator,mapper){if(!comparator){comparator=defaultComparator}var isKeyedIterable=isKeyed(iterable);var index=0;var entries=iterable.toSeq().map(function(v,k){return[k,v,index++,mapper?mapper(v,k,iterable):v]}).toArray();entries.sort(function(a,b){return comparator(a[3],b[3])||a[2]-b[2]}).forEach(isKeyedIterable?function(v,i){entries[i].length=2}:function(v,i){entries[i]=v[1]});return isKeyedIterable?KeyedSeq(entries):isIndexed(iterable)?IndexedSeq(entries):SetSeq(entries)}function maxFactory(iterable,comparator,mapper){if(!comparator){comparator=defaultComparator}if(mapper){var entry=iterable.toSeq().map(function(v,k){return[v,mapper(v,k,iterable)]}).reduce(function(a,b){return maxCompare(comparator,a[1],b[1])?b:a});return entry&&entry[0]}else{return iterable.reduce(function(a,b){return maxCompare(comparator,a,b)?b:a})}}function maxCompare(comparator,a,b){var comp=comparator(b,a);return comp===0&&b!==a&&(b===undefined||b===null||b!==b)||comp>0}function zipWithFactory(keyIter,zipper,iters){var zipSequence=makeSequence(keyIter);zipSequence.size=new ArraySeq(iters).map(function(i){return i.size}).min();zipSequence.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var iterator=this.__iterator(ITERATE_VALUES,reverse);var step;var iterations=0;while(!(step=iterator.next()).done){if(fn(step.value,iterations++,this)===false){break}}return iterations};zipSequence.__iteratorUncached=function(type,reverse){var iterators=iters.map(function(i){return i=Iterable(i),getIterator(reverse?i.reverse():i)});var iterations=0;var isDone=false;return new Iterator(function(){var steps;if(!isDone){steps=iterators.map(function(i){return i.next()});isDone=steps.some(function(s){return s.done})}if(isDone){return iteratorDone()}return iteratorValue(type,iterations++,zipper.apply(null,steps.map(function(s){return s.value})))})};return zipSequence}function reify(iter,seq){return isSeq(iter)?seq:iter.constructor(seq)}function validateEntry(entry){if(entry!==Object(entry)){throw new TypeError("Expected [K, V] tuple: "+entry)}}function resolveSize(iter){assertNotInfinite(iter.size);return ensureSize(iter)}function iterableClass(iterable){return isKeyed(iterable)?KeyedIterable:isIndexed(iterable)?IndexedIterable:SetIterable}function makeSequence(iterable){return Object.create((isKeyed(iterable)?KeyedSeq:isIndexed(iterable)?IndexedSeq:SetSeq).prototype)}function cacheResultThrough(){if(this._iter.cacheResult){this._iter.cacheResult();this.size=this._iter.size;return this}else{return Seq.prototype.cacheResult.call(this)}}function defaultComparator(a,b){return a>b?1:a<b?-1:0}function forceIterator(keyPath){var iter=getIterator(keyPath);if(!iter){if(!isArrayLike(keyPath)){throw new TypeError("Expected iterable or array-like: "+keyPath)}iter=getIterator(Iterable(keyPath))}return iter}createClass(Record,KeyedCollection);function Record(defaultValues,name){var hasInitialized;var RecordType=function Record(values){if(values instanceof RecordType){return values}if(!(this instanceof RecordType)){return new RecordType(values)}if(!hasInitialized){hasInitialized=true;var keys=Object.keys(defaultValues);setProps(RecordTypePrototype,keys);RecordTypePrototype.size=keys.length;RecordTypePrototype._name=name;RecordTypePrototype._keys=keys;RecordTypePrototype._defaultValues=defaultValues}this._map=Map(values)};var RecordTypePrototype=RecordType.prototype=Object.create(RecordPrototype);RecordTypePrototype.constructor=RecordType;return RecordType}Record.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString(recordName(this)+" {","}")};Record.prototype.has=function(k){return this._defaultValues.hasOwnProperty(k)};Record.prototype.get=function(k,notSetValue){if(!this.has(k)){return notSetValue}var defaultVal=this._defaultValues[k];return this._map?this._map.get(k,defaultVal):defaultVal};Record.prototype.clear=function(){if(this.__ownerID){this._map&&this._map.clear();return this}var RecordType=this.constructor;return RecordType._empty||(RecordType._empty=makeRecord(this,emptyMap()))};Record.prototype.set=function(k,v){if(!this.has(k)){throw new Error('Cannot set unknown key "'+k+'" on '+recordName(this))}if(this._map&&!this._map.has(k)){var defaultVal=this._defaultValues[k];if(v===defaultVal){return this}}var newMap=this._map&&this._map.set(k,v);if(this.__ownerID||newMap===this._map){return this}return makeRecord(this,newMap)};Record.prototype.remove=function(k){if(!this.has(k)){return this}var newMap=this._map&&this._map.remove(k);if(this.__ownerID||newMap===this._map){return this}return makeRecord(this,newMap)};Record.prototype.wasAltered=function(){return this._map.wasAltered()};Record.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){var this$0=this;return KeyedIterable(this._defaultValues).map(function(_,k){return this$0.get(k)}).__iterator(type,reverse)};Record.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return KeyedIterable(this._defaultValues).map(function(_,k){return this$0.get(k)}).__iterate(fn,reverse)};Record.prototype.__ensureOwner=function(ownerID){if(ownerID===this.__ownerID){return this}var newMap=this._map&&this._map.__ensureOwner(ownerID);if(!ownerID){this.__ownerID=ownerID;this._map=newMap;return this}return makeRecord(this,newMap,ownerID)};var RecordPrototype=Record.prototype;RecordPrototype[DELETE]=RecordPrototype.remove;RecordPrototype.deleteIn=RecordPrototype.removeIn=MapPrototype.removeIn;RecordPrototype.merge=MapPrototype.merge;RecordPrototype.mergeWith=MapPrototype.mergeWith;RecordPrototype.mergeIn=MapPrototype.mergeIn;RecordPrototype.mergeDeep=MapPrototype.mergeDeep;RecordPrototype.mergeDeepWith=MapPrototype.mergeDeepWith;RecordPrototype.mergeDeepIn=MapPrototype.mergeDeepIn;RecordPrototype.setIn=MapPrototype.setIn;RecordPrototype.update=MapPrototype.update;RecordPrototype.updateIn=MapPrototype.updateIn;RecordPrototype.withMutations=MapPrototype.withMutations;RecordPrototype.asMutable=MapPrototype.asMutable;RecordPrototype.asImmutable=MapPrototype.asImmutable;function makeRecord(likeRecord,map,ownerID){var record=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(likeRecord));record._map=map;record.__ownerID=ownerID;return record}function recordName(record){return record._name||record.constructor.name||"Record"}function setProps(prototype,names){try{names.forEach(setProp.bind(undefined,prototype))}catch(error){}}function setProp(prototype,name){Object.defineProperty(prototype,name,{get:function(){return this.get(name)},set:function(value){invariant(this.__ownerID,"Cannot set on an immutable record.");this.set(name,value)}})}createClass(Set,SetCollection);function Set(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptySet():isSet(value)&&!isOrdered(value)?value:emptySet().withMutations(function(set){var iter=SetIterable(value);assertNotInfinite(iter.size);iter.forEach(function(v){return set.add(v)})})}Set.of=function(){return this(arguments)};Set.fromKeys=function(value){return this(KeyedIterable(value).keySeq())};Set.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("Set {","}")};Set.prototype.has=function(value){return this._map.has(value)};Set.prototype.add=function(value){return updateSet(this,this._map.set(value,true))};Set.prototype.remove=function(value){return updateSet(this,this._map.remove(value))};Set.prototype.clear=function(){return updateSet(this,this._map.clear())};Set.prototype.union=function(){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,0);iters=iters.filter(function(x){return x.size!==0});if(iters.length===0){return this}if(this.size===0&&!this.__ownerID&&iters.length===1){return this.constructor(iters[0])}return this.withMutations(function(set){for(var ii=0;ii<iters.length;ii++){SetIterable(iters[ii]).forEach(function(value){return set.add(value)})}})};Set.prototype.intersect=function(){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,0);if(iters.length===0){return this}iters=iters.map(function(iter){return SetIterable(iter)});var originalSet=this;return this.withMutations(function(set){originalSet.forEach(function(value){if(!iters.every(function(iter){return iter.includes(value)})){set.remove(value)}})})};Set.prototype.subtract=function(){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,0);if(iters.length===0){return this}iters=iters.map(function(iter){return SetIterable(iter)});var originalSet=this;return this.withMutations(function(set){originalSet.forEach(function(value){if(iters.some(function(iter){return iter.includes(value)})){set.remove(value)}})})};Set.prototype.merge=function(){return this.union.apply(this,arguments)};Set.prototype.mergeWith=function(merger){var iters=SLICE$0.call(arguments,1);return this.union.apply(this,iters)};Set.prototype.sort=function(comparator){return OrderedSet(sortFactory(this,comparator))};Set.prototype.sortBy=function(mapper,comparator){return OrderedSet(sortFactory(this,comparator,mapper))};Set.prototype.wasAltered=function(){return this._map.wasAltered()};Set.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){var this$0=this;return this._map.__iterate(function(_,k){return fn(k,k,this$0)},reverse)};Set.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){return this._map.map(function(_,k){return k}).__iterator(type,reverse)};Set.prototype.__ensureOwner=function(ownerID){if(ownerID===this.__ownerID){return this}var newMap=this._map.__ensureOwner(ownerID);if(!ownerID){this.__ownerID=ownerID;this._map=newMap;return this}return this.__make(newMap,ownerID)};function isSet(maybeSet){return!!(maybeSet&&maybeSet[IS_SET_SENTINEL])}Set.isSet=isSet;var IS_SET_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_SET__@@";var SetPrototype=Set.prototype;SetPrototype[IS_SET_SENTINEL]=true;SetPrototype[DELETE]=SetPrototype.remove;SetPrototype.mergeDeep=SetPrototype.merge;SetPrototype.mergeDeepWith=SetPrototype.mergeWith;SetPrototype.withMutations=MapPrototype.withMutations;SetPrototype.asMutable=MapPrototype.asMutable;SetPrototype.asImmutable=MapPrototype.asImmutable;SetPrototype.__empty=emptySet;SetPrototype.__make=makeSet;function updateSet(set,newMap){if(set.__ownerID){set.size=newMap.size;set._map=newMap;return set}return newMap===set._map?set:newMap.size===0?set.__empty():set.__make(newMap)}function makeSet(map,ownerID){var set=Object.create(SetPrototype);set.size=map?map.size:0;set._map=map;set.__ownerID=ownerID;return set}var EMPTY_SET;function emptySet(){return EMPTY_SET||(EMPTY_SET=makeSet(emptyMap()))}createClass(OrderedSet,Set);function OrderedSet(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptyOrderedSet():isOrderedSet(value)?value:emptyOrderedSet().withMutations(function(set){var iter=SetIterable(value);assertNotInfinite(iter.size);iter.forEach(function(v){return set.add(v)})})}OrderedSet.of=function(){return this(arguments)};OrderedSet.fromKeys=function(value){return this(KeyedIterable(value).keySeq())};OrderedSet.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("OrderedSet {","}")};function isOrderedSet(maybeOrderedSet){return isSet(maybeOrderedSet)&&isOrdered(maybeOrderedSet)}OrderedSet.isOrderedSet=isOrderedSet;var OrderedSetPrototype=OrderedSet.prototype;OrderedSetPrototype[IS_ORDERED_SENTINEL]=true;OrderedSetPrototype.__empty=emptyOrderedSet;OrderedSetPrototype.__make=makeOrderedSet;function makeOrderedSet(map,ownerID){var set=Object.create(OrderedSetPrototype);set.size=map?map.size:0;set._map=map;set.__ownerID=ownerID;return set}var EMPTY_ORDERED_SET;function emptyOrderedSet(){return EMPTY_ORDERED_SET||(EMPTY_ORDERED_SET=makeOrderedSet(emptyOrderedMap()))}createClass(Stack,IndexedCollection);function Stack(value){return value===null||value===undefined?emptyStack():isStack(value)?value:emptyStack().unshiftAll(value)}Stack.of=function(){return this(arguments)};Stack.prototype.toString=function(){return this.__toString("Stack [","]")};Stack.prototype.get=function(index,notSetValue){var head=this._head;index=wrapIndex(this,index);while(head&&index--){head=head.next}return head?head.value:notSetValue};Stack.prototype.peek=function(){return this._head&&this._head.value};Stack.prototype.push=function(){if(arguments.length===0){return this}var newSize=this.size+arguments.length;var head=this._head;for(var ii=arguments.length-1;ii>=0;ii--){head={value:arguments[ii],next:head}}if(this.__ownerID){this.size=newSize;this._head=head;this.__hash=undefined;this.__altered=true;return this}return makeStack(newSize,head)};Stack.prototype.pushAll=function(iter){iter=IndexedIterable(iter);if(iter.size===0){return this}assertNotInfinite(iter.size);var newSize=this.size;var head=this._head;iter.reverse().forEach(function(value){newSize++;head={value:value,next:head}});if(this.__ownerID){this.size=newSize;this._head=head;this.__hash=undefined;this.__altered=true;return this}return makeStack(newSize,head)};Stack.prototype.pop=function(){return this.slice(1)};Stack.prototype.unshift=function(){return this.push.apply(this,arguments)};Stack.prototype.unshiftAll=function(iter){return this.pushAll(iter)};Stack.prototype.shift=function(){return this.pop.apply(this,arguments)};Stack.prototype.clear=function(){if(this.size===0){return this}if(this.__ownerID){this.size=0;this._head=undefined;this.__hash=undefined;this.__altered=true;return this}return emptyStack()};Stack.prototype.slice=function(begin,end){if(wholeSlice(begin,end,this.size)){return this}var resolvedBegin=resolveBegin(begin,this.size);var resolvedEnd=resolveEnd(end,this.size);if(resolvedEnd!==this.size){return IndexedCollection.prototype.slice.call(this,begin,end)}var newSize=this.size-resolvedBegin;var head=this._head;while(resolvedBegin--){head=head.next}if(this.__ownerID){this.size=newSize;this._head=head;this.__hash=undefined;this.__altered=true;return this}return makeStack(newSize,head)};Stack.prototype.__ensureOwner=function(ownerID){if(ownerID===this.__ownerID){return this}if(!ownerID){this.__ownerID=ownerID;this.__altered=false;return this}return makeStack(this.size,this._head,ownerID,this.__hash)};Stack.prototype.__iterate=function(fn,reverse){if(reverse){return this.reverse().__iterate(fn)}var iterations=0;var node=this._head;while(node){if(fn(node.value,iterations++,this)===false){break}node=node.next}return iterations};Stack.prototype.__iterator=function(type,reverse){if(reverse){return this.reverse().__iterator(type)}var iterations=0;var node=this._head;return new Iterator(function(){if(node){var value=node.value;node=node.next;return iteratorValue(type,iterations++,value)}return iteratorDone()})};function isStack(maybeStack){return!!(maybeStack&&maybeStack[IS_STACK_SENTINEL])}Stack.isStack=isStack;var IS_STACK_SENTINEL="@@__IMMUTABLE_STACK__@@";var StackPrototype=Stack.prototype;StackPrototype[IS_STACK_SENTINEL]=true;StackPrototype.withMutations=MapPrototype.withMutations;StackPrototype.asMutable=MapPrototype.asMutable;StackPrototype.asImmutable=MapPrototype.asImmutable;StackPrototype.wasAltered=MapPrototype.wasAltered;function makeStack(size,head,ownerID,hash){var map=Object.create(StackPrototype);map.size=size;map._head=head;map.__ownerID=ownerID;map.__hash=hash;map.__altered=false;return map}var EMPTY_STACK;function emptyStack(){return EMPTY_STACK||(EMPTY_STACK=makeStack(0))}function mixin(ctor,methods){var keyCopier=function(key){ctor.prototype[key]=methods[key]};Object.keys(methods).forEach(keyCopier);Object.getOwnPropertySymbols&&Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(methods).forEach(keyCopier);return ctor}Iterable.Iterator=Iterator;mixin(Iterable,{toArray:function(){assertNotInfinite(this.size);var array=new Array(this.size||0);this.valueSeq().__iterate(function(v,i){array[i]=v});return array},toIndexedSeq:function(){return new ToIndexedSequence(this)},toJS:function(){return this.toSeq().map(function(value){return value&&typeof value.toJS==="function"?value.toJS():value}).__toJS()},toJSON:function(){return this.toSeq().map(function(value){return value&&typeof value.toJSON==="function"?value.toJSON():value}).__toJS()},toKeyedSeq:function(){return new ToKeyedSequence(this,true)},toMap:function(){return Map(this.toKeyedSeq())},toObject:function(){assertNotInfinite(this.size);var object={};this.__iterate(function(v,k){object[k]=v});return object},toOrderedMap:function(){return OrderedMap(this.toKeyedSeq())},toOrderedSet:function(){return OrderedSet(isKeyed(this)?this.valueSeq():this)},toSet:function(){return Set(isKeyed(this)?this.valueSeq():this)},toSetSeq:function(){return new ToSetSequence(this)},toSeq:function(){return isIndexed(this)?this.toIndexedSeq():isKeyed(this)?this.toKeyedSeq():this.toSetSeq()},toStack:function(){return Stack(isKeyed(this)?this.valueSeq():this)},toList:function(){return List(isKeyed(this)?this.valueSeq():this)},toString:function(){return"[Iterable]"},__toString:function(head,tail){if(this.size===0){return head+tail}return head+" "+this.toSeq().map(this.__toStringMapper).join(", ")+" "+tail},concat:function(){var values=SLICE$0.call(arguments,0);return reify(this,concatFactory(this,values))},includes:function(searchValue){return this.some(function(value){return is(value,searchValue)})},entries:function(){return this.__iterator(ITERATE_ENTRIES)},every:function(predicate,context){assertNotInfinite(this.size);var returnValue=true;this.__iterate(function(v,k,c){if(!predicate.call(context,v,k,c)){returnValue=false;return false}});return returnValue},filter:function(predicate,context){return reify(this,filterFactory(this,predicate,context,true))},find:function(predicate,context,notSetValue){var entry=this.findEntry(predicate,context);return entry?entry[1]:notSetValue},forEach:function(sideEffect,context){assertNotInfinite(this.size);return this.__iterate(context?sideEffect.bind(context):sideEffect)},join:function(separator){assertNotInfinite(this.size);separator=separator!==undefined?""+separator:",";var joined="";var isFirst=true;this.__iterate(function(v){isFirst?isFirst=false:joined+=separator;joined+=v!==null&&v!==undefined?v.toString():""});return joined},keys:function(){return this.__iterator(ITERATE_KEYS)},map:function(mapper,context){return reify(this,mapFactory(this,mapper,context))},reduce:function(reducer,initialReduction,context){assertNotInfinite(this.size);var reduction;var useFirst;if(arguments.length<2){useFirst=true}else{reduction=initialReduction}this.__iterate(function(v,k,c){if(useFirst){useFirst=false;reduction=v}else{reduction=reducer.call(context,reduction,v,k,c)}});return reduction},reduceRight:function(reducer,initialReduction,context){var reversed=this.toKeyedSeq().reverse();return reversed.reduce.apply(reversed,arguments)},reverse:function(){return reify(this,reverseFactory(this,true))},slice:function(begin,end){return reify(this,sliceFactory(this,begin,end,true))},some:function(predicate,context){return!this.every(not(predicate),context)},sort:function(comparator){return reify(this,sortFactory(this,comparator))},values:function(){return this.__iterator(ITERATE_VALUES)},butLast:function(){return this.slice(0,-1)},isEmpty:function(){return this.size!==undefined?this.size===0:!this.some(function(){return true})},count:function(predicate,context){return ensureSize(predicate?this.toSeq().filter(predicate,context):this)},countBy:function(grouper,context){return countByFactory(this,grouper,context)},equals:function(other){return deepEqual(this,other)},entrySeq:function(){var iterable=this;if(iterable._cache){return new ArraySeq(iterable._cache)}var entriesSequence=iterable.toSeq().map(entryMapper).toIndexedSeq();entriesSequence.fromEntrySeq=function(){return iterable.toSeq()};return entriesSequence},filterNot:function(predicate,context){return this.filter(not(predicate),context)},findEntry:function(predicate,context,notSetValue){var found=notSetValue;this.__iterate(function(v,k,c){if(predicate.call(context,v,k,c)){found=[k,v];return false}});return found},findKey:function(predicate,context){var entry=this.findEntry(predicate,context);return entry&&entry[0]},findLast:function(predicate,context,notSetValue){return this.toKeyedSeq().reverse().find(predicate,context,notSetValue)},findLastEntry:function(predicate,context,notSetValue){return this.toKeyedSeq().reverse().findEntry(predicate,context,notSetValue)},findLastKey:function(predicate,context){return this.toKeyedSeq().reverse().findKey(predicate,context)},first:function(){return this.find(returnTrue)},flatMap:function(mapper,context){return reify(this,flatMapFactory(this,mapper,context))},flatten:function(depth){return reify(this,flattenFactory(this,depth,true))},fromEntrySeq:function(){return new FromEntriesSequence(this)},get:function(searchKey,notSetValue){return this.find(function(_,key){return is(key,searchKey)},undefined,notSetValue)},getIn:function(searchKeyPath,notSetValue){var nested=this;var iter=forceIterator(searchKeyPath);var step;while(!(step=iter.next()).done){var key=step.value;nested=nested&&nested.get?nested.get(key,NOT_SET):NOT_SET;if(nested===NOT_SET){return notSetValue}}return nested},groupBy:function(grouper,context){return groupByFactory(this,grouper,context)},has:function(searchKey){return this.get(searchKey,NOT_SET)!==NOT_SET},hasIn:function(searchKeyPath){return this.getIn(searchKeyPath,NOT_SET)!==NOT_SET},isSubset:function(iter){iter=typeof iter.includes==="function"?iter:Iterable(iter);return this.every(function(value){return iter.includes(value)})},isSuperset:function(iter){iter=typeof iter.isSubset==="function"?iter:Iterable(iter);return iter.isSubset(this)},keyOf:function(searchValue){return this.findKey(function(value){return is(value,searchValue)})},keySeq:function(){return this.toSeq().map(keyMapper).toIndexedSeq()},last:function(){return this.toSeq().reverse().first()},lastKeyOf:function(searchValue){return this.toKeyedSeq().reverse().keyOf(searchValue)},max:function(comparator){return maxFactory(this,comparator)},maxBy:function(mapper,comparator){return maxFactory(this,comparator,mapper)},min:function(comparator){return maxFactory(this,comparator?neg(comparator):defaultNegComparator)},minBy:function(mapper,comparator){return maxFactory(this,comparator?neg(comparator):defaultNegComparator,mapper)},rest:function(){return this.slice(1)},skip:function(amount){return this.slice(Math.max(0,amount))},skipLast:function(amount){return reify(this,this.toSeq().reverse().skip(amount).reverse())},skipWhile:function(predicate,context){return reify(this,skipWhileFactory(this,predicate,context,true))},skipUntil:function(predicate,context){return this.skipWhile(not(predicate),context)},sortBy:function(mapper,comparator){return reify(this,sortFactory(this,comparator,mapper))},take:function(amount){return this.slice(0,Math.max(0,amount))},takeLast:function(amount){return reify(this,this.toSeq().reverse().take(amount).reverse())},takeWhile:function(predicate,context){return reify(this,takeWhileFactory(this,predicate,context))},takeUntil:function(predicate,context){return this.takeWhile(not(predicate),context)},valueSeq:function(){return this.toIndexedSeq()},hashCode:function(){return this.__hash||(this.__hash=hashIterable(this))}});var IterablePrototype=Iterable.prototype;IterablePrototype[IS_ITERABLE_SENTINEL]=true;IterablePrototype[ITERATOR_SYMBOL]=IterablePrototype.values;IterablePrototype.__toJS=IterablePrototype.toArray;IterablePrototype.__toStringMapper=quoteString;IterablePrototype.inspect=IterablePrototype.toSource=function(){return this.toString()};IterablePrototype.chain=IterablePrototype.flatMap;IterablePrototype.contains=IterablePrototype.includes;mixin(KeyedIterable,{flip:function(){return reify(this,flipFactory(this))},mapEntries:function(mapper,context){var this$0=this;var iterations=0;return reify(this,this.toSeq().map(function(v,k){return mapper.call(context,[k,v],iterations++,this$0)}).fromEntrySeq())},mapKeys:function(mapper,context){var this$0=this;return reify(this,this.toSeq().flip().map(function(k,v){return mapper.call(context,k,v,this$0)}).flip())}});var KeyedIterablePrototype=KeyedIterable.prototype;KeyedIterablePrototype[IS_KEYED_SENTINEL]=true;KeyedIterablePrototype[ITERATOR_SYMBOL]=IterablePrototype.entries;KeyedIterablePrototype.__toJS=IterablePrototype.toObject;KeyedIterablePrototype.__toStringMapper=function(v,k){return JSON.stringify(k)+": "+quoteString(v)};mixin(IndexedIterable,{toKeyedSeq:function(){return new ToKeyedSequence(this,false)},filter:function(predicate,context){return reify(this,filterFactory(this,predicate,context,false))},findIndex:function(predicate,context){var entry=this.findEntry(predicate,context);return entry?entry[0]:-1},indexOf:function(searchValue){var key=this.keyOf(searchValue);return key===undefined?-1:key},lastIndexOf:function(searchValue){var key=this.lastKeyOf(searchValue);return key===undefined?-1:key},reverse:function(){return reify(this,reverseFactory(this,false))},slice:function(begin,end){return reify(this,sliceFactory(this,begin,end,false))},splice:function(index,removeNum){var numArgs=arguments.length;removeNum=Math.max(removeNum|0,0);if(numArgs===0||numArgs===2&&!removeNum){return this}index=resolveBegin(index,index<0?this.count():this.size);var spliced=this.slice(0,index);return reify(this,numArgs===1?spliced:spliced.concat(arrCopy(arguments,2),this.slice(index+removeNum)))},findLastIndex:function(predicate,context){var entry=this.findLastEntry(predicate,context);return entry?entry[0]:-1},first:function(){return this.get(0)},flatten:function(depth){return reify(this,flattenFactory(this,depth,false))},get:function(index,notSetValue){index=wrapIndex(this,index);return index<0||(this.size===Infinity||this.size!==undefined&&index>this.size)?notSetValue:this.find(function(_,key){return key===index},undefined,notSetValue)},has:function(index){index=wrapIndex(this,index);return index>=0&&(this.size!==undefined?this.size===Infinity||index<this.size:this.indexOf(index)!==-1)},interpose:function(separator){return reify(this,interposeFactory(this,separator))},interleave:function(){var iterables=[this].concat(arrCopy(arguments));var zipped=zipWithFactory(this.toSeq(),IndexedSeq.of,iterables);var interleaved=zipped.flatten(true);if(zipped.size){interleaved.size=zipped.size*iterables.length}return reify(this,interleaved)},keySeq:function(){return Range(0,this.size)},last:function(){return this.get(-1)},skipWhile:function(predicate,context){return reify(this,skipWhileFactory(this,predicate,context,false))},zip:function(){var iterables=[this].concat(arrCopy(arguments));return reify(this,zipWithFactory(this,defaultZipper,iterables))},zipWith:function(zipper){var iterables=arrCopy(arguments);iterables[0]=this;return reify(this,zipWithFactory(this,zipper,iterables))}});IndexedIterable.prototype[IS_INDEXED_SENTINEL]=true;IndexedIterable.prototype[IS_ORDERED_SENTINEL]=true;mixin(SetIterable,{get:function(value,notSetValue){return this.has(value)?value:notSetValue},includes:function(value){return this.has(value)},keySeq:function(){return this.valueSeq()}});SetIterable.prototype.has=IterablePrototype.includes;SetIterable.prototype.contains=SetIterable.prototype.includes;mixin(KeyedSeq,KeyedIterable.prototype);mixin(IndexedSeq,IndexedIterable.prototype);mixin(SetSeq,SetIterable.prototype);mixin(KeyedCollection,KeyedIterable.prototype);mixin(IndexedCollection,IndexedIterable.prototype);mixin(SetCollection,SetIterable.prototype);function keyMapper(v,k){return k}function entryMapper(v,k){return[k,v]}function not(predicate){return function(){return!predicate.apply(this,arguments)}}function neg(predicate){return function(){return-predicate.apply(this,arguments)}}function quoteString(value){return typeof value==="string"?JSON.stringify(value):String(value)}function defaultZipper(){return arrCopy(arguments)}function defaultNegComparator(a,b){return a<b?1:a>b?-1:0}function hashIterable(iterable){if(iterable.size===Infinity){return 0}var ordered=isOrdered(iterable);var keyed=isKeyed(iterable);var h=ordered?1:0;var size=iterable.__iterate(keyed?ordered?function(v,k){h=31*h+hashMerge(hash(v),hash(k))|0}:function(v,k){h=h+hashMerge(hash(v),hash(k))|0}:ordered?function(v){h=31*h+hash(v)|0}:function(v){h=h+hash(v)|0});return murmurHashOfSize(size,h)}function murmurHashOfSize(size,h){h=imul(h,3432918353);h=imul(h<<15|h>>>-15,461845907);h=imul(h<<13|h>>>-13,5);h=(h+3864292196|0)^size;h=imul(h^h>>>16,2246822507);h=imul(h^h>>>13,3266489909);h=smi(h^h>>>16);return h}function hashMerge(a,b){return a^b+2654435769+(a<<6)+(a>>2)|0}var Immutable={Iterable:Iterable,Seq:Seq,Collection:Collection,Map:Map,OrderedMap:OrderedMap,List:List,Stack:Stack,Set:Set,OrderedSet:OrderedSet,Record:Record,Range:Range,Repeat:Repeat,is:is,fromJS:fromJS};return Immutable})},{}],69:[function(require,module,exports){var process=module.exports={};var cachedSetTimeout;var cachedClearTimeout;function defaultSetTimout(){throw new Error("setTimeout has not been defined")}function defaultClearTimeout(){throw new Error("clearTimeout has not been defined")}(function(){try{if(typeof setTimeout==="function"){cachedSetTimeout=setTimeout}else{cachedSetTimeout=defaultSetTimout}}catch(e){cachedSetTimeout=defaultSetTimout}try{if(typeof clearTimeout==="function"){cachedClearTimeout=clearTimeout}else{cachedClearTimeout=defaultClearTimeout}}catch(e){cachedClearTimeout=defaultClearTimeout}})();function runTimeout(fun){if(cachedSetTimeout===setTimeout){return setTimeout(fun,0)}if((cachedSetTimeout===defaultSetTimout||!cachedSetTimeout)&&setTimeout){cachedSetTimeout=setTimeout;return setTimeout(fun,0)}try{return cachedSetTimeout(fun,0)}catch(e){try{return cachedSetTimeout.call(null,fun,0)}catch(e){return cachedSetTimeout.call(this,fun,0)}}}function runClearTimeout(marker){if(cachedClearTimeout===clearTimeout){return clearTimeout(marker)}if((cachedClearTimeout===defaultClearTimeout||!cachedClearTimeout)&&clearTimeout){cachedClearTimeout=clearTimeout;return clearTimeout(marker)}try{return cachedClearTimeout(marker)}catch(e){try{return cachedClearTimeout.call(null,marker)}catch(e){return cachedClearTimeout.call(this,marker)}}}var queue=[];var draining=false;var currentQueue;var queueIndex=-1;function cleanUpNextTick(){if(!draining||!currentQueue){return}draining=false;if(currentQueue.length){queue=currentQueue.concat(queue)}else{queueIndex=-1}if(queue.length){drainQueue()}}function drainQueue(){if(draining){return}var timeout=runTimeout(cleanUpNextTick);draining=true;var len=queue.length;while(len){currentQueue=queue;queue=[];while(++queueIndex<len){if(currentQueue){currentQueue[queueIndex].run()}}queueIndex=-1;len=queue.length}currentQueue=null;draining=false;runClearTimeout(timeout)}process.nextTick=function(fun){var args=new Array(arguments.length-1);if(arguments.length>1){for(var i=1;i<arguments.length;i++){args[i-1]=arguments[i]}}queue.push(new Item(fun,args));if(queue.length===1&&!draining){runTimeout(drainQueue)}};function Item(fun,array){this.fun=fun;this.array=array}Item.prototype.run=function(){this.fun.apply(null,this.array)};process.title="browser";process.browser=true;process.env={};process.argv=[];process.version="";process.versions={};function noop(){}process.on=noop;process.addListener=noop;process.once=noop
;process.off=noop;process.removeListener=noop;process.removeAllListeners=noop;process.emit=noop;process.prependListener=noop;process.prependOnceListener=noop;process.listeners=function(name){return[]};process.binding=function(name){throw new Error("process.binding is not supported")};process.cwd=function(){return"/"};process.chdir=function(dir){throw new Error("process.chdir is not supported")};process.umask=function(){return 0}},{}],70:[function(require,module,exports){(function(process,setImmediate){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function microtask(){if(typeof MutationObserver!=="undefined"){var node_1=document.createTextNode("");var queue_1=[];var i_1=0;new MutationObserver(function(){while(queue_1.length){queue_1.shift()()}}).observe(node_1,{characterData:true});return function(fn){queue_1.push(fn);node_1.data=i_1=1-i_1}}else if(typeof setImmediate!=="undefined"){return setImmediate}else if(typeof process!=="undefined"){return process.nextTick}else{return setTimeout}}exports.default=microtask}).call(this,require("_process"),require("timers").setImmediate)},{_process:69,timers:92}],71:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var selectorParser_1=require("./selectorParser");function classNameFromVNode(vNode){var _a=selectorParser_1.selectorParser(vNode).className,cn=_a===void 0?"":_a;if(!vNode.data){return cn}var _b=vNode.data,dataClass=_b.class,props=_b.props;if(dataClass){var c=Object.keys(dataClass).filter(function(cl){return dataClass[cl]});cn+=" "+c.join(" ")}if(props&&props.className){cn+=" "+props.className}return cn&&cn.trim()}exports.classNameFromVNode=classNameFromVNode},{"./selectorParser":77}],72:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function curry2(select){return function selector(sel,vNode){switch(arguments.length){case 0:return select;case 1:return function(_vNode){return select(sel,_vNode)};default:return select(sel,vNode)}}}exports.curry2=curry2},{}],73:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var query_1=require("./query");var parent_symbol_1=require("./parent-symbol");function findMatches(cssSelector,vNode){traverseVNode(vNode,addParent);return query_1.querySelector(cssSelector,vNode)}exports.findMatches=findMatches;function traverseVNode(vNode,f){function recurse(currentNode,isParent,parentVNode){var length=currentNode.children&¤tNode.children.length||0;for(var i=0;i<length;++i){var children=currentNode.children;if(children&&children[i]&&typeof children[i]!=="string"){var child=children[i];recurse(child,false,currentNode)}}f(currentNode,isParent,isParent?void 0:parentVNode)}recurse(vNode,true)}function addParent(vNode,isParent,parent){if(isParent){return void 0}if(!vNode.data){vNode.data={}}if(!vNode.data[parent_symbol_1.default]){Object.defineProperty(vNode.data,parent_symbol_1.default,{value:parent})}}},{"./parent-symbol":75,"./query":76}],74:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var curry2_1=require("./curry2");var findMatches_1=require("./findMatches");exports.select=curry2_1.curry2(findMatches_1.findMatches);var selectorParser_1=require("./selectorParser");exports.selectorParser=selectorParser_1.selectorParser;var classNameFromVNode_1=require("./classNameFromVNode");exports.classNameFromVNode=classNameFromVNode_1.classNameFromVNode},{"./classNameFromVNode":71,"./curry2":72,"./findMatches":73,"./selectorParser":77}],75:[function(require,module,exports){(function(global){"use strict";var root;if(typeof self!=="undefined"){root=self}else if(typeof window!=="undefined"){root=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){root=global}else{root=Function("return this")()}var Symbol=root.Symbol;var parentSymbol;if(typeof Symbol==="function"){parentSymbol=Symbol("parent")}else{parentSymbol="@@snabbdom-selector-parent"}Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});exports.default=parentSymbol}).call(this,typeof global!=="undefined"?global:typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{}],76:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var tree_selector_1=require("tree-selector");var selectorParser_1=require("./selectorParser");var classNameFromVNode_1=require("./classNameFromVNode");var parent_symbol_1=require("./parent-symbol");var options={tag:function(vNode){return selectorParser_1.selectorParser(vNode).tagName},className:function(vNode){return classNameFromVNode_1.classNameFromVNode(vNode)},id:function(vNode){return selectorParser_1.selectorParser(vNode).id||""},children:function(vNode){return vNode.children||[]},parent:function(vNode){return vNode.data[parent_symbol_1.default]||vNode},contents:function(vNode){return vNode.text||""},attr:function(vNode,attr){if(vNode.data){var _a=vNode.data,_b=_a.attrs,attrs=_b===void 0?{}:_b,_c=_a.props,props=_c===void 0?{}:_c;if(attrs[attr]){return attrs[attr]}if(props[attr]){return props[attr]}}}};var matches=tree_selector_1.createMatches(options);function customMatches(sel,vnode){var data=vnode.data;var selector=matches.bind(null,sel);if(data&&data.fn){var n=void 0;if(Array.isArray(data.args)){n=data.fn.apply(null,data.args)}else if(data.args){n=data.fn.call(null,data.args)}else{n=data.fn()}return selector(n)?n:false}return selector(vnode)}exports.querySelector=tree_selector_1.createQuerySelector(options,customMatches)},{"./classNameFromVNode":71,"./parent-symbol":75,"./selectorParser":77,"tree-selector":93}],77:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function selectorParser(node){if(!node.sel){return{tagName:"",id:"",className:""}}var sel=node.sel;var hashIdx=sel.indexOf("#");var dotIdx=sel.indexOf(".",hashIdx);var hash=hashIdx>0?hashIdx:sel.length;var dot=dotIdx>0?dotIdx:sel.length;var tagName=hashIdx!==-1||dotIdx!==-1?sel.slice(0,Math.min(hash,dot)):sel;var id=hash<dot?sel.slice(hash+1,dot):void 0;var className=dotIdx>0?sel.slice(dot+1).replace(/\./g," "):void 0;return{tagName:tagName,id:id,className:className}}exports.selectorParser=selectorParser},{}],78:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var vnode_1=require("./vnode");var is=require("./is");function addNS(data,children,sel){data.ns="path_to_url";if(sel!=="foreignObject"&&children!==undefined){for(var i=0;i<children.length;++i){var childData=children[i].data;if(childData!==undefined){addNS(childData,children[i].children,children[i].sel)}}}}function h(sel,b,c){var data={},children,text,i;if(c!==undefined){data=b;if(is.array(c)){children=c}else if(is.primitive(c)){text=c}else if(c&&c.sel){children=[c]}}else if(b!==undefined){if(is.array(b)){children=b}else if(is.primitive(b)){text=b}else if(b&&b.sel){children=[b]}else{data=b}}if(is.array(children)){for(i=0;i<children.length;++i){if(is.primitive(children[i]))children[i]=vnode_1.vnode(undefined,undefined,undefined,children[i],undefined)}}if(sel[0]==="s"&&sel[1]==="v"&&sel[2]==="g"&&(sel.length===3||sel[3]==="."||sel[3]==="#")){addNS(data,children,sel)}return vnode_1.vnode(sel,data,children,text,undefined)}exports.h=h;exports.default=h},{"./is":80,"./vnode":89}],79:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function createElement(tagName){return document.createElement(tagName)}function createElementNS(namespaceURI,qualifiedName){return document.createElementNS(namespaceURI,qualifiedName)}function createTextNode(text){return document.createTextNode(text)}function createComment(text){return document.createComment(text)}function insertBefore(parentNode,newNode,referenceNode){parentNode.insertBefore(newNode,referenceNode)}function removeChild(node,child){node.removeChild(child)}function appendChild(node,child){node.appendChild(child)}function parentNode(node){return node.parentNode}function nextSibling(node){return node.nextSibling}function tagName(elm){return elm.tagName}function setTextContent(node,text){node.textContent=text}function getTextContent(node){return node.textContent}function isElement(node){return node.nodeType===1}function isText(node){return node.nodeType===3}function isComment(node){return node.nodeType===8}exports.htmlDomApi={createElement:createElement,createElementNS:createElementNS,createTextNode:createTextNode,createComment:createComment,insertBefore:insertBefore,removeChild:removeChild,appendChild:appendChild,parentNode:parentNode,nextSibling:nextSibling,tagName:tagName,setTextContent:setTextContent,getTextContent:getTextContent,isElement:isElement,isText:isText,isComment:isComment};exports.default=exports.htmlDomApi},{}],80:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});exports.array=Array.isArray;function primitive(s){return typeof s==="string"||typeof s==="number"}exports.primitive=primitive},{}],81:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var xlinkNS="path_to_url";var xmlNS="path_to_url";var colonChar=58;var xChar=120;function updateAttrs(oldVnode,vnode){var key,elm=vnode.elm,oldAttrs=oldVnode.data.attrs,attrs=vnode.data.attrs;if(!oldAttrs&&!attrs)return;if(oldAttrs===attrs)return;oldAttrs=oldAttrs||{};attrs=attrs||{};for(key in attrs){var cur=attrs[key];var old=oldAttrs[key];if(old!==cur){if(cur===true){elm.setAttribute(key,"")}else if(cur===false){elm.removeAttribute(key)}else{if(key.charCodeAt(0)!==xChar){elm.setAttribute(key,cur)}else if(key.charCodeAt(3)===colonChar){elm.setAttributeNS(xmlNS,key,cur)}else if(key.charCodeAt(5)===colonChar){elm.setAttributeNS(xlinkNS,key,cur)}else{elm.setAttribute(key,cur)}}}}for(key in oldAttrs){if(!(key in attrs)){elm.removeAttribute(key)}}}exports.attributesModule={create:updateAttrs,update:updateAttrs};exports.default=exports.attributesModule},{}],82:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function updateClass(oldVnode,vnode){var cur,name,elm=vnode.elm,oldClass=oldVnode.data.class,klass=vnode.data.class;if(!oldClass&&!klass)return;if(oldClass===klass)return;oldClass=oldClass||{};klass=klass||{};for(name in oldClass){if(!klass[name]){elm.classList.remove(name)}}for(name in klass){cur=klass[name];if(cur!==oldClass[name]){elm.classList[cur?"add":"remove"](name)}}}exports.classModule={create:updateClass,update:updateClass};exports.default=exports.classModule},{}],83:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var CAPS_REGEX=/[A-Z]/g;function updateDataset(oldVnode,vnode){var elm=vnode.elm,oldDataset=oldVnode.data.dataset,dataset=vnode.data.dataset,key;if(!oldDataset&&!dataset)return;if(oldDataset===dataset)return;oldDataset=oldDataset||{};dataset=dataset||{};var d=elm.dataset;for(key in oldDataset){if(!dataset[key]){if(d){if(key in d){delete d[key]}}else{elm.removeAttribute("data-"+key.replace(CAPS_REGEX,"-$&").toLowerCase())}}}for(key in dataset){if(oldDataset[key]!==dataset[key]){if(d){d[key]=dataset[key]}else{elm.setAttribute("data-"+key.replace(CAPS_REGEX,"-$&").toLowerCase(),dataset[key])}}}}exports.datasetModule={create:updateDataset,update:updateDataset};exports.default=exports.datasetModule},{}],84:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function updateProps(oldVnode,vnode){var key,cur,old,elm=vnode.elm,oldProps=oldVnode.data.props,props=vnode.data.props;if(!oldProps&&!props)return;if(oldProps===props)return;oldProps=oldProps||{};props=props||{};for(key in oldProps){if(!props[key]){delete elm[key]}}for(key in props){cur=props[key];old=oldProps[key];if(old!==cur&&(key!=="value"||elm[key]!==cur)){elm[key]=cur}}}exports.propsModule={create:updateProps,update:updateProps};exports.default=exports.propsModule},{}],85:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var raf=typeof window!=="undefined"&&window.requestAnimationFrame||setTimeout;var nextFrame=function(fn){raf(function(){raf(fn)})};function setNextFrame(obj,prop,val){nextFrame(function(){obj[prop]=val})}function updateStyle(oldVnode,vnode){var cur,name,elm=vnode.elm,oldStyle=oldVnode.data.style,style=vnode.data.style;if(!oldStyle&&!style)return;if(oldStyle===style)return;oldStyle=oldStyle||{};style=style||{};var oldHasDel="delayed"in oldStyle;for(name in oldStyle){if(!style[name]){if(name[0]==="-"&&name[1]==="-"){elm.style.removeProperty(name)}else{elm.style[name]=""}}}for(name in style){cur=style[name];if(name==="delayed"&&style.delayed){for(var name2 in style.delayed){cur=style.delayed[name2];if(!oldHasDel||cur!==oldStyle.delayed[name2]){setNextFrame(elm.style,name2,cur)}}}else if(name!=="remove"&&cur!==oldStyle[name]){if(name[0]==="-"&&name[1]==="-"){elm.style.setProperty(name,cur)}else{elm.style[name]=cur}}}}function applyDestroyStyle(vnode){var style,name,elm=vnode.elm,s=vnode.data.style;if(!s||!(style=s.destroy))return;for(name in style){elm.style[name]=style[name]}}function applyRemoveStyle(vnode,rm){var s=vnode.data.style;if(!s||!s.remove){rm();return}var name,elm=vnode.elm,i=0,compStyle,style=s.remove,amount=0,applied=[];for(name in style){applied.push(name);elm.style[name]=style[name]}compStyle=getComputedStyle(elm);var props=compStyle["transition-property"].split(", ");for(;i<props.length;++i){if(applied.indexOf(props[i])!==-1)amount++}elm.addEventListener("transitionend",function(ev){if(ev.target===elm)--amount;if(amount===0)rm()})}exports.styleModule={create:updateStyle,update:updateStyle,destroy:applyDestroyStyle,remove:applyRemoveStyle};exports.default=exports.styleModule},{}],86:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var vnode_1=require("./vnode");var is=require("./is");var htmldomapi_1=require("./htmldomapi");function isUndef(s){return s===undefined}function isDef(s){return s!==undefined}var emptyNode=vnode_1.default("",{},[],undefined,undefined);function sameVnode(vnode1,vnode2){return vnode1.key===vnode2.key&&vnode1.sel===vnode2.sel}function isVnode(vnode){return vnode.sel!==undefined}function createKeyToOldIdx(children,beginIdx,endIdx){var i,map={},key,ch;for(i=beginIdx;i<=endIdx;++i){ch=children[i];if(ch!=null){key=ch.key;if(key!==undefined)map[key]=i}}return map}var hooks=["create","update","remove","destroy","pre","post"];var h_1=require("./h");exports.h=h_1.h;var thunk_1=require("./thunk");exports.thunk=thunk_1.thunk;function init(modules,domApi){var i,j,cbs={};var api=domApi!==undefined?domApi:htmldomapi_1.default;for(i=0;i<hooks.length;++i){cbs[hooks[i]]=[];for(j=0;j<modules.length;++j){var hook=modules[j][hooks[i]];if(hook!==undefined){cbs[hooks[i]].push(hook)}}}function emptyNodeAt(elm){var id=elm.id?"#"+elm.id:"";var c=elm.className?"."+elm.className.split(" ").join("."):"";return vnode_1.default(api.tagName(elm).toLowerCase()+id+c,{},[],undefined,elm)}function createRmCb(childElm,listeners){return function rmCb(){if(--listeners===0){var parent_1=api.parentNode(childElm);api.removeChild(parent_1,childElm)}}}function createElm(vnode,insertedVnodeQueue){var i,data=vnode.data;if(data!==undefined){if(isDef(i=data.hook)&&isDef(i=i.init)){i(vnode);data=vnode.data}}var children=vnode.children,sel=vnode.sel;if(sel==="!"){if(isUndef(vnode.text)){vnode.text=""}vnode.elm=api.createComment(vnode.text)}else if(sel!==undefined){var hashIdx=sel.indexOf("#");var dotIdx=sel.indexOf(".",hashIdx);var hash=hashIdx>0?hashIdx:sel.length;var dot=dotIdx>0?dotIdx:sel.length;var tag=hashIdx!==-1||dotIdx!==-1?sel.slice(0,Math.min(hash,dot)):sel;var elm=vnode.elm=isDef(data)&&isDef(i=data.ns)?api.createElementNS(i,tag):api.createElement(tag);if(hash<dot)elm.setAttribute("id",sel.slice(hash+1,dot));if(dotIdx>0)elm.setAttribute("class",sel.slice(dot+1).replace(/\./g," "));for(i=0;i<cbs.create.length;++i)cbs.create[i](emptyNode,vnode);if(is.array(children)){for(i=0;i<children.length;++i){var ch=children[i];if(ch!=null){api.appendChild(elm,createElm(ch,insertedVnodeQueue))}}}else if(is.primitive(vnode.text)){api.appendChild(elm,api.createTextNode(vnode.text))}i=vnode.data.hook;if(isDef(i)){if(i.create)i.create(emptyNode,vnode);if(i.insert)insertedVnodeQueue.push(vnode)}}else{vnode.elm=api.createTextNode(vnode.text)}return vnode.elm}function addVnodes(parentElm,before,vnodes,startIdx,endIdx,insertedVnodeQueue){for(;startIdx<=endIdx;++startIdx){var ch=vnodes[startIdx];if(ch!=null){api.insertBefore(parentElm,createElm(ch,insertedVnodeQueue),before)}}}function invokeDestroyHook(vnode){var i,j,data=vnode.data;if(data!==undefined){if(isDef(i=data.hook)&&isDef(i=i.destroy))i(vnode);for(i=0;i<cbs.destroy.length;++i)cbs.destroy[i](vnode);if(vnode.children!==undefined){for(j=0;j<vnode.children.length;++j){i=vnode.children[j];if(i!=null&&typeof i!=="string"){invokeDestroyHook(i)}}}}}function removeVnodes(parentElm,vnodes,startIdx,endIdx){for(;startIdx<=endIdx;++startIdx){var i_1=void 0,listeners=void 0,rm=void 0,ch=vnodes[startIdx];if(ch!=null){if(isDef(ch.sel)){invokeDestroyHook(ch);listeners=cbs.remove.length+1;rm=createRmCb(ch.elm,listeners);for(i_1=0;i_1<cbs.remove.length;++i_1)cbs.remove[i_1](ch,rm);if(isDef(i_1=ch.data)&&isDef(i_1=i_1.hook)&&isDef(i_1=i_1.remove)){i_1(ch,rm)}else{rm()}}else{api.removeChild(parentElm,ch.elm)}}}}function updateChildren(parentElm,oldCh,newCh,insertedVnodeQueue){var oldStartIdx=0,newStartIdx=0;var oldEndIdx=oldCh.length-1;var oldStartVnode=oldCh[0];var oldEndVnode=oldCh[oldEndIdx];var newEndIdx=newCh.length-1;var newStartVnode=newCh[0];var newEndVnode=newCh[newEndIdx];var oldKeyToIdx;var idxInOld;var elmToMove;var before;while(oldStartIdx<=oldEndIdx&&newStartIdx<=newEndIdx){if(oldStartVnode==null){oldStartVnode=oldCh[++oldStartIdx]}else if(oldEndVnode==null){oldEndVnode=oldCh[--oldEndIdx]}else if(newStartVnode==null){newStartVnode=newCh[++newStartIdx]}else if(newEndVnode==null){newEndVnode=newCh[--newEndIdx]}else if(sameVnode(oldStartVnode,newStartVnode)){patchVnode(oldStartVnode,newStartVnode,insertedVnodeQueue);oldStartVnode=oldCh[++oldStartIdx];newStartVnode=newCh[++newStartIdx]}else if(sameVnode(oldEndVnode,newEndVnode)){patchVnode(oldEndVnode,newEndVnode,insertedVnodeQueue);oldEndVnode=oldCh[--oldEndIdx];newEndVnode=newCh[--newEndIdx]}else if(sameVnode(oldStartVnode,newEndVnode)){patchVnode(oldStartVnode,newEndVnode,insertedVnodeQueue);api.insertBefore(parentElm,oldStartVnode.elm,api.nextSibling(oldEndVnode.elm));oldStartVnode=oldCh[++oldStartIdx];newEndVnode=newCh[--newEndIdx]}else if(sameVnode(oldEndVnode,newStartVnode)){patchVnode(oldEndVnode,newStartVnode,insertedVnodeQueue);api.insertBefore(parentElm,oldEndVnode.elm,oldStartVnode.elm);oldEndVnode=oldCh[--oldEndIdx];newStartVnode=newCh[++newStartIdx]}else{if(oldKeyToIdx===undefined){oldKeyToIdx=createKeyToOldIdx(oldCh,oldStartIdx,oldEndIdx)}idxInOld=oldKeyToIdx[newStartVnode.key];if(isUndef(idxInOld)){api.insertBefore(parentElm,createElm(newStartVnode,insertedVnodeQueue),oldStartVnode.elm);newStartVnode=newCh[++newStartIdx]}else{elmToMove=oldCh[idxInOld];if(elmToMove.sel!==newStartVnode.sel){api.insertBefore(parentElm,createElm(newStartVnode,insertedVnodeQueue),oldStartVnode.elm)}else{patchVnode(elmToMove,newStartVnode,insertedVnodeQueue);oldCh[idxInOld]=undefined;api.insertBefore(parentElm,elmToMove.elm,oldStartVnode.elm)}newStartVnode=newCh[++newStartIdx]}}}if(oldStartIdx<=oldEndIdx||newStartIdx<=newEndIdx){if(oldStartIdx>oldEndIdx){before=newCh[newEndIdx+1]==null?null:newCh[newEndIdx+1].elm;addVnodes(parentElm,before,newCh,newStartIdx,newEndIdx,insertedVnodeQueue)}else{removeVnodes(parentElm,oldCh,oldStartIdx,oldEndIdx)}}}function patchVnode(oldVnode,vnode,insertedVnodeQueue){var i,hook;if(isDef(i=vnode.data)&&isDef(hook=i.hook)&&isDef(i=hook.prepatch)){i(oldVnode,vnode)}var elm=vnode.elm=oldVnode.elm;var oldCh=oldVnode.children;var ch=vnode.children;if(oldVnode===vnode)return;if(vnode.data!==undefined){for(i=0;i<cbs.update.length;++i)cbs.update[i](oldVnode,vnode);i=vnode.data.hook;if(isDef(i)&&isDef(i=i.update))i(oldVnode,vnode)}if(isUndef(vnode.text)){if(isDef(oldCh)&&isDef(ch)){if(oldCh!==ch)updateChildren(elm,oldCh,ch,insertedVnodeQueue)}else if(isDef(ch)){if(isDef(oldVnode.text))api.setTextContent(elm,"");addVnodes(elm,null,ch,0,ch.length-1,insertedVnodeQueue)}else if(isDef(oldCh)){removeVnodes(elm,oldCh,0,oldCh.length-1)}else if(isDef(oldVnode.text)){api.setTextContent(elm,"")}}else if(oldVnode.text!==vnode.text){api.setTextContent(elm,vnode.text)}if(isDef(hook)&&isDef(i=hook.postpatch)){i(oldVnode,vnode)}}return function patch(oldVnode,vnode){var i,elm,parent;var insertedVnodeQueue=[];for(i=0;i<cbs.pre.length;++i)cbs.pre[i]();if(!isVnode(oldVnode)){oldVnode=emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)}if(sameVnode(oldVnode,vnode)){patchVnode(oldVnode,vnode,insertedVnodeQueue)}else{elm=oldVnode.elm;parent=api.parentNode(elm);createElm(vnode,insertedVnodeQueue);if(parent!==null){api.insertBefore(parent,vnode.elm,api.nextSibling(elm));removeVnodes(parent,[oldVnode],0,0)}}for(i=0;i<insertedVnodeQueue.length;++i){insertedVnodeQueue[i].data.hook.insert(insertedVnodeQueue[i])}for(i=0;i<cbs.post.length;++i)cbs.post[i]();return vnode}}exports.init=init},{"./h":78,"./htmldomapi":79,"./is":80,"./thunk":87,"./vnode":89}],87:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var h_1=require("./h");function copyToThunk(vnode,thunk){thunk.elm=vnode.elm;vnode.data.fn=thunk.data.fn;vnode.data.args=thunk.data.args;thunk.data=vnode.data;thunk.children=vnode.children;thunk.text=vnode.text;thunk.elm=vnode.elm}function init(thunk){var cur=thunk.data;var vnode=cur.fn.apply(undefined,cur.args);copyToThunk(vnode,thunk)}function prepatch(oldVnode,thunk){var i,old=oldVnode.data,cur=thunk.data;var oldArgs=old.args,args=cur.args;if(old.fn!==cur.fn||oldArgs.length!==args.length){copyToThunk(cur.fn.apply(undefined,args),thunk);return}for(i=0;i<args.length;++i){if(oldArgs[i]!==args[i]){copyToThunk(cur.fn.apply(undefined,args),thunk);return}}copyToThunk(oldVnode,thunk)}exports.thunk=function thunk(sel,key,fn,args){if(args===undefined){args=fn;fn=key;key=undefined}return h_1.h(sel,{key:key,hook:{init:init,prepatch:prepatch},fn:fn,args:args})};exports.default=exports.thunk},{"./h":78}],88:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var vnode_1=require("./vnode");var htmldomapi_1=require("./htmldomapi");function toVNode(node,domApi){var api=domApi!==undefined?domApi:htmldomapi_1.default;var text;if(api.isElement(node)){var id=node.id?"#"+node.id:"";var cn=node.getAttribute("class");var c=cn?"."+cn.split(" ").join("."):"";var sel=api.tagName(node).toLowerCase()+id+c;var attrs={};var children=[];var name_1;var i=void 0,n=void 0;var elmAttrs=node.attributes;var elmChildren=node.childNodes;for(i=0,n=elmAttrs.length;i<n;i++){name_1=elmAttrs[i].nodeName;if(name_1!=="id"&&name_1!=="class"){attrs[name_1]=elmAttrs[i].nodeValue}}for(i=0,n=elmChildren.length;i<n;i++){children.push(toVNode(elmChildren[i]))}return vnode_1.default(sel,{attrs:attrs},children,undefined,node)}else if(api.isText(node)){text=api.getTextContent(node);return vnode_1.default(undefined,undefined,undefined,text,node)}else if(api.isComment(node)){text=api.getTextContent(node);return vnode_1.default("!",{},[],text,node)}else{return vnode_1.default("",{},[],undefined,node)}}exports.toVNode=toVNode;exports.default=toVNode},{"./htmldomapi":79,"./vnode":89}],89:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});function vnode(sel,data,children,text,elm){var key=data===undefined?undefined:data.key;return{sel:sel,data:data,children:children,text:text,elm:elm,key:key}}exports.vnode=vnode;exports.default=vnode},{}],90:[function(require,module,exports){(function(global){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var _ponyfill=require("./ponyfill.js");var _ponyfill2=_interopRequireDefault(_ponyfill);function _interopRequireDefault(obj){return obj&&obj.__esModule?obj:{default:obj}}var root;if(typeof self!=="undefined"){root=self}else if(typeof window!=="undefined"){root=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){root=global}else if(typeof module!=="undefined"){root=module}else{root=Function("return this")()}var result=(0,_ponyfill2["default"])(root);exports["default"]=result}).call(this,typeof global!=="undefined"?global:typeof self!=="undefined"?self:typeof window!=="undefined"?window:{})},{"./ponyfill.js":91}],91:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});exports["default"]=symbolObservablePonyfill;function symbolObservablePonyfill(root){var result;var _Symbol=root.Symbol;if(typeof _Symbol==="function"){if(_Symbol.observable){result=_Symbol.observable}else{result=_Symbol("observable");_Symbol.observable=result}}else{result="@@observable"}return result}},{}],92:[function(require,module,exports){(function(setImmediate,clearImmediate){var nextTick=require("process/browser.js").nextTick;var apply=Function.prototype.apply;var slice=Array.prototype.slice;var immediateIds={};var nextImmediateId=0;exports.setTimeout=function(){return new Timeout(apply.call(setTimeout,window,arguments),clearTimeout)};exports.setInterval=function(){return new Timeout(apply.call(setInterval,window,arguments),clearInterval)};exports.clearTimeout=exports.clearInterval=function(timeout){timeout.close()};function Timeout(id,clearFn){this._id=id;this._clearFn=clearFn}Timeout.prototype.unref=Timeout.prototype.ref=function(){};Timeout.prototype.close=function(){this._clearFn.call(window,this._id)};exports.enroll=function(item,msecs){clearTimeout(item._idleTimeoutId);item._idleTimeout=msecs};exports.unenroll=function(item){clearTimeout(item._idleTimeoutId);item._idleTimeout=-1};exports._unrefActive=exports.active=function(item){clearTimeout(item._idleTimeoutId);var msecs=item._idleTimeout;if(msecs>=0){item._idleTimeoutId=setTimeout(function onTimeout(){if(item._onTimeout)item._onTimeout()},msecs)}};exports.setImmediate=typeof setImmediate==="function"?setImmediate:function(fn){var id=nextImmediateId++;var args=arguments.length<2?false:slice.call(arguments,1);immediateIds[id]=true;nextTick(function onNextTick(){if(immediateIds[id]){if(args){fn.apply(null,args)}else{fn.call(null)}exports.clearImmediate(id)}});return id};exports.clearImmediate=typeof clearImmediate==="function"?clearImmediate:function(id){delete immediateIds[id]}}).call(this,require("timers").setImmediate,require("timers").clearImmediate)},{"process/browser.js":69,timers:92}],93:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function __export(m){for(var p in m)if(!exports.hasOwnProperty(p))exports[p]=m[p]}Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});__export(require("./selectorParser"));var matches_1=require("./matches");exports.createMatches=matches_1.createMatches;var querySelector_1=require("./querySelector");exports.createQuerySelector=querySelector_1.createQuerySelector},{"./matches":94,"./querySelector":95,"./selectorParser":96}],94:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var selectorParser_1=require("./selectorParser");function createMatches(opts){return function matches(selector,node){var _a=typeof selector==="object"?selector:selectorParser_1.parseSelector(selector),tag=_a.tag,id=_a.id,classList=_a.classList,attributes=_a.attributes,nextSelector=_a.nextSelector,pseudos=_a.pseudos;if(nextSelector!==undefined){throw new Error("matches can only process selectors that target a single element")}if(tag&&tag.toLowerCase()!==opts.tag(node).toLowerCase()){return false}if(id&&id!==opts.id(node)){return false}var classes=opts.className(node).split(" ");for(var i=0;i<classList.length;i++){if(classes.indexOf(classList[i])===-1){return false}}for(var key in attributes){var attr=opts.attr(node,key);var t=attributes[key][0];var v=attributes[key][1];if(!attr){return false}if(t==="exact"&&attr!==v){return false}else if(t!=="exact"){if(typeof v!=="string"){throw new Error("All non-string values have to be an exact match")}if(t==="startsWith"&&!attr.startsWith(v)){return false}if(t==="endsWith"&&!attr.endsWith(v)){return false}if(t==="contains"&&attr.indexOf(v)===-1){return false}if(t==="whitespace"&&attr.split(" ").indexOf(v)===-1){return false}if(t==="dash"&&attr.split("-").indexOf(v)===-1){return false}}}for(var i=0;i<pseudos.length;i++){var _b=pseudos[i],t=_b[0],data=_b[1];if(t==="contains"&&data!==opts.contents(node)){return false}if(t==="empty"&&(opts.contents(node)||opts.children(node).length!==0)){return false}if(t==="root"&&opts.parent(node)!==undefined){return false}if(t.indexOf("child")!==-1){if(!opts.parent(node)){return false}var siblings=opts.children(opts.parent(node));if(t==="first-child"&&siblings.indexOf(node)!==0){return false}if(t==="last-child"&&siblings.indexOf(node)!==siblings.length-1){return false}if(t==="nth-child"){var regex=/([\+-]?)(\d*)(n?)(\+\d+)?/;var parseResult=regex.exec(data).slice(1);var index=siblings.indexOf(node);if(!parseResult[0]){parseResult[0]="+"}var factor=parseResult[1]?parseInt(parseResult[0]+parseResult[1]):undefined;var add=parseInt(parseResult[3]||"0");if(factor&&parseResult[2]==="n"&&index%factor!==add){return false}else if(!factor&&parseResult[2]&&(parseResult[0]==="+"&&index-add<0||parseResult[0]==="-"&&index-add>=0)){return false}else if(!parseResult[2]&&factor&&index!==factor-1){return false}}}}return true}}exports.createMatches=createMatches},{"./selectorParser":96}],95:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var selectorParser_1=require("./selectorParser");var matches_1=require("./matches");function createQuerySelector(options,matches){var _matches=matches||matches_1.createMatches(options);function findSubtree(selector,depth,node){var n=_matches(selector,node);var matched=n?typeof n==="object"?[n]:[node]:[];if(depth===0){return matched}var childMatched=options.children(node).filter(function(c){return typeof c!=="string"}).map(function(c){return findSubtree(selector,depth-1,c)}).reduce(function(acc,curr){return acc.concat(curr)},[]);return matched.concat(childMatched)}function findSibling(selector,next,node){if(options.parent(node)===undefined){return[]}var results=[];var siblings=options.children(options.parent(node));for(var i=siblings.indexOf(node)+1;i<siblings.length;i++){if(typeof siblings[i]==="string"){continue}var n=_matches(selector,siblings[i]);if(n){if(typeof n==="object"){results.push(n)}else{results.push(siblings[i])}}if(next){break}}return results}return function querySelector(selector,node){var sel=typeof selector==="object"?selector:selectorParser_1.parseSelector(selector);var results=[node];var currentSelector=sel;var currentCombinator="subtree";var tail=undefined;var _loop_1=function(){tail=currentSelector.nextSelector;currentSelector.nextSelector=undefined;if(currentCombinator==="subtree"||currentCombinator==="child"){var depth_1=currentCombinator==="subtree"?Infinity:1;results=results.map(function(n){return findSubtree(currentSelector,depth_1,n)}).reduce(function(acc,curr){return acc.concat(curr)},[])}else{var next_1=currentCombinator==="nextSibling";results=results.map(function(n){return findSibling(currentSelector,next_1,n)}).reduce(function(acc,curr){return acc.concat(curr)},[])}if(tail){currentSelector=tail[1];currentCombinator=tail[0]}};do{_loop_1()}while(tail!==undefined);return results}}exports.createQuerySelector=createQuerySelector},{"./matches":94,"./selectorParser":96}],96:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __assign=this&&this.__assign||Object.assign||function(t){for(var s,i=1,n=arguments.length;i<n;i++){s=arguments[i];for(var p in s)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(s,p))t[p]=s[p]}return t};Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var IDENT="[\\w-]+";var SPACE="[ \t]*";var VALUE="[^\\]]+";var CLASS="(?:\\."+IDENT+")";var ID="(?:#"+IDENT+")"
;var OP="(?:=|\\$=|\\^=|\\*=|~=|\\|=)";var ATTR="(?:\\["+SPACE+IDENT+SPACE+"(?:"+OP+SPACE+VALUE+SPACE+")?\\])";var SUBTREE="(?:[ \t]+)";var CHILD="(?:"+SPACE+"(>)"+SPACE+")";var NEXT_SIBLING="(?:"+SPACE+"(\\+)"+SPACE+")";var SIBLING="(?:"+SPACE+"(~)"+SPACE+")";var COMBINATOR="(?:"+SUBTREE+"|"+CHILD+"|"+NEXT_SIBLING+"|"+SIBLING+")";var CONTAINS='contains\\("[^"]*"\\)';var FORMULA="(?:even|odd|\\d*(?:-?n(?:\\+\\d+)?)?)";var NTH_CHILD="nth-child\\("+FORMULA+"\\)";var PSEUDO=":(?:first-child|last-child|"+NTH_CHILD+"|empty|root|"+CONTAINS+")";var TAG="(:?"+IDENT+")?";var TOKENS=CLASS+"|"+ID+"|"+ATTR+"|"+PSEUDO+"|"+COMBINATOR;var combinatorRegex=new RegExp("^"+COMBINATOR+"$");function parseSelector(selector){var sel=selector.trim();var tagRegex=new RegExp(TAG,"y");var tag=tagRegex.exec(sel)[0];var regex=new RegExp(TOKENS,"y");regex.lastIndex=tagRegex.lastIndex;var matches=[];var nextSelector=undefined;var lastCombinator=undefined;var index=-1;while(regex.lastIndex<sel.length){var match=regex.exec(sel);if(!match&&lastCombinator===undefined){throw new Error("Parse error, invalid selector")}else if(match&&combinatorRegex.test(match[0])){var comb=combinatorRegex.exec(match[0])[0];lastCombinator=comb;index=regex.lastIndex}else{if(lastCombinator!==undefined){nextSelector=[getCombinator(lastCombinator),parseSelector(sel.substring(index))];break}matches.push(match[0])}}var classList=matches.filter(function(s){return s.startsWith(".")}).map(function(s){return s.substring(1)});var ids=matches.filter(function(s){return s.startsWith("#")}).map(function(s){return s.substring(1)});if(ids.length>1){throw new Error("Invalid selector, only one id is allowed")}var postprocessRegex=new RegExp("("+IDENT+")"+SPACE+"("+OP+")?"+SPACE+"("+VALUE+")?");var attrs=matches.filter(function(s){return s.startsWith("[")}).map(function(s){return postprocessRegex.exec(s).slice(1,4)}).map(function(_a){var attr=_a[0],op=_a[1],val=_a[2];return _b={},_b[attr]=[getOp(op),val?parseAttrValue(val):val],_b;var _b}).reduce(function(acc,curr){return __assign({},acc,curr)},{});var pseudos=matches.filter(function(s){return s.startsWith(":")}).map(function(s){return postProcessPseudos(s.substring(1))});return{id:ids[0]||"",tag:tag,classList:classList,attributes:attrs,nextSelector:nextSelector,pseudos:pseudos}}exports.parseSelector=parseSelector;function parseAttrValue(v){if(v.startsWith('"')){return v.slice(1,-1)}if(v==="true"){return true}if(v==="false"){return false}return parseFloat(v)}function postProcessPseudos(sel){if(sel==="first-child"||sel==="last-child"||sel==="root"||sel==="empty"){return[sel,undefined]}if(sel.startsWith("contains")){var text=sel.slice(10,-2);return["contains",text]}var content=sel.slice(10,-1);if(content==="even"){content="2n"}if(content==="odd"){content="2n+1"}return["nth-child",content]}function getOp(op){switch(op){case"=":return"exact";case"^=":return"startsWith";case"$=":return"endsWith";case"*=":return"contains";case"~=":return"whitespace";case"|=":return"dash";default:return"truthy"}}function getCombinator(comb){switch(comb.trim()){case">":return"child";case"+":return"nextSibling";case"~":return"sibling";default:return"subtree"}}},{}],97:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var typestyle_1=require("./internal/typestyle");var types=require("./types");exports.types=types;var utilities_1=require("./internal/utilities");exports.extend=utilities_1.extend;exports.classes=utilities_1.classes;exports.media=utilities_1.media;var ts=new typestyle_1.TypeStyle({autoGenerateTag:true});exports.setStylesTarget=ts.setStylesTarget;exports.cssRaw=ts.cssRaw;exports.cssRule=ts.cssRule;exports.forceRenderStyles=ts.forceRenderStyles;exports.fontFace=ts.fontFace;exports.getStyles=ts.getStyles;exports.keyframes=ts.keyframes;exports.reinit=ts.reinit;exports.style=ts.style;function createTypeStyle(target){var instance=new typestyle_1.TypeStyle({autoGenerateTag:false});if(target){instance.setStylesTarget(target)}return instance}exports.createTypeStyle=createTypeStyle},{"./internal/typestyle":99,"./internal/utilities":100,"./types":101}],98:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var FreeStyle=require("free-style");function ensureStringObj(object){var result={};var debugName="";for(var key in object){var val=object[key];if(key==="$unique"){result[FreeStyle.IS_UNIQUE]=val}else if(key==="$nest"){var nested=val;for(var selector in nested){var subproperties=nested[selector];result[selector]=ensureStringObj(subproperties).result}}else if(key==="$debugName"){debugName=val}else{result[key]=val}}return{result:result,debugName:debugName}}exports.ensureStringObj=ensureStringObj;function explodeKeyframes(frames){var result={$debugName:undefined,keyframes:{}};for(var offset in frames){var val=frames[offset];if(offset==="$debugName"){result.$debugName=val}else{result.keyframes[offset]=val}}return result}exports.explodeKeyframes=explodeKeyframes},{"free-style":67}],99:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var formatting_1=require("./formatting");var utilities_1=require("./utilities");var FreeStyle=require("free-style");var TypeStyle=function(){function TypeStyle(_a){var autoGenerateTag=_a.autoGenerateTag;var _this=this;this.cssRaw=function(mustBeValidCSS){if(!mustBeValidCSS){return}_this._raw+=mustBeValidCSS||"";_this._pendingRawChange=true;_this._styleUpdated()};this.cssRule=function(selector){var objects=[];for(var _i=1;_i<arguments.length;_i++){objects[_i-1]=arguments[_i]}var object=formatting_1.ensureStringObj(utilities_1.extend.apply(void 0,objects)).result;_this._freeStyle.registerRule(selector,object);_this._styleUpdated();return};this.forceRenderStyles=function(){var target=_this._getTag();if(!target){return}target.textContent=_this.getStyles()};this.fontFace=function(){var fontFace=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){fontFace[_i]=arguments[_i]}var freeStyle=_this._freeStyle;for(var _a=0,fontFace_1=fontFace;_a<fontFace_1.length;_a++){var face=fontFace_1[_a];freeStyle.registerRule("@font-face",face)}_this._styleUpdated();return};this.getStyles=function(){return(_this._raw||"")+_this._freeStyle.getStyles()};this.keyframes=function(frames){var _a=formatting_1.explodeKeyframes(frames),keyframes=_a.keyframes,$debugName=_a.$debugName;var animationName=_this._freeStyle.registerKeyframes(keyframes,$debugName);_this._styleUpdated();return animationName};this.reinit=function(){var freeStyle=FreeStyle.create();_this._freeStyle=freeStyle;_this._lastFreeStyleChangeId=freeStyle.changeId;_this._raw="";_this._pendingRawChange=false;var target=_this._getTag();if(target){target.textContent=""}};this.setStylesTarget=function(tag){if(_this._tag){_this._tag.textContent=""}_this._tag=tag;_this.forceRenderStyles()};this.style=function(){var objects=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){objects[_i]=arguments[_i]}var freeStyle=_this._freeStyle;var _a=formatting_1.ensureStringObj(utilities_1.extend.apply(void 0,objects)),result=_a.result,debugName=_a.debugName;var className=debugName?freeStyle.registerStyle(result,debugName):freeStyle.registerStyle(result);_this._styleUpdated();return className};var freeStyle=FreeStyle.create();this._autoGenerateTag=autoGenerateTag;this._freeStyle=freeStyle;this._lastFreeStyleChangeId=freeStyle.changeId;this._pending=0;this._pendingRawChange=false;this._raw="";this._tag=undefined}TypeStyle.prototype._afterAllSync=function(cb){var _this=this;this._pending++;var pending=this._pending;utilities_1.raf(function(){if(pending!==_this._pending){return}cb()})};TypeStyle.prototype._getTag=function(){if(this._tag){return this._tag}if(this._autoGenerateTag){var tag=typeof window==="undefined"?{textContent:""}:document.createElement("style");if(typeof document!=="undefined"){document.head.appendChild(tag)}this._tag=tag;return tag}return undefined};TypeStyle.prototype._styleUpdated=function(){var _this=this;var changeId=this._freeStyle.changeId;var lastChangeId=this._lastFreeStyleChangeId;if(!this._pendingRawChange&&changeId===lastChangeId){return}this._lastFreeStyleChangeId=changeId;this._pendingRawChange=false;this._afterAllSync(function(){return _this.forceRenderStyles()})};return TypeStyle}();exports.TypeStyle=TypeStyle},{"./formatting":98,"./utilities":100,"free-style":67}],100:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";exports.raf=typeof requestAnimationFrame==="undefined"?setTimeout:requestAnimationFrame.bind(window);function classes(){var classes=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){classes[_i]=arguments[_i]}return classes.filter(function(c){return!!c}).join(" ")}exports.classes=classes;function extend(){var objects=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){objects[_i]=arguments[_i]}var result={};for(var _a=0,objects_1=objects;_a<objects_1.length;_a++){var object=objects_1[_a];if(object==null||object===false){continue}for(var key in object){var val=object[key];if(!val&&val!==0){continue}if(key==="$nest"&&val){result[key]=result["$nest"]?extend(result["$nest"],val):val}else if(key.indexOf("&")!==-1||key.indexOf("@media")===0){result[key]=result[key]?extend(result[key],val):val}else{result[key]=val}}}return result}exports.extend=extend;exports.media=function(mediaQuery){var objects=[];for(var _i=1;_i<arguments.length;_i++){objects[_i-1]=arguments[_i]}var mediaQuerySections=[];if(mediaQuery.type)mediaQuerySections.push(mediaQuery.type);if(mediaQuery.orientation)mediaQuerySections.push(mediaQuery.orientation);if(mediaQuery.minWidth)mediaQuerySections.push("(min-width: "+mediaQuery.minWidth+"px)");if(mediaQuery.maxWidth)mediaQuerySections.push("(max-width: "+mediaQuery.maxWidth+"px)");var stringMediaQuery="@media "+mediaQuerySections.join(" and ");var object={$nest:(_a={},_a[stringMediaQuery]=extend.apply(void 0,objects),_a)};return object;var _a}},{}],101:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict"},{}],102:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var index_1=require("../index");var ConcatProducer=function(){function ConcatProducer(streams){this.streams=streams;this.type="concat";this.out=null;this.i=0}ConcatProducer.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.streams[this.i]._add(this)};ConcatProducer.prototype._stop=function(){var streams=this.streams;if(this.i<streams.length){streams[this.i]._remove(this)}this.i=0;this.out=null};ConcatProducer.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;u._n(t)};ConcatProducer.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;u._e(err)};ConcatProducer.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;var streams=this.streams;streams[this.i]._remove(this);if(++this.i<streams.length){streams[this.i]._add(this)}else{u._c()}};return ConcatProducer}();function concat(){var streams=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){streams[_i]=arguments[_i]}return new index_1.Stream(new ConcatProducer(streams))}exports.default=concat},{"../index":107}],103:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var index_1=require("../index");var DelayOperator=function(){function DelayOperator(dt,ins){this.dt=dt;this.ins=ins;this.type="delay";this.out=null}DelayOperator.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};DelayOperator.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=null};DelayOperator.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;var id=setInterval(function(){u._n(t);clearInterval(id)},this.dt)};DelayOperator.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;var id=setInterval(function(){u._e(err);clearInterval(id)},this.dt)};DelayOperator.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;var id=setInterval(function(){u._c();clearInterval(id)},this.dt)};return DelayOperator}();function delay(period){return function delayOperator(ins){return new index_1.Stream(new DelayOperator(period,ins))}}exports.default=delay},{"../index":107}],104:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var index_1=require("../index");var empty={};var DropRepeatsOperator=function(){function DropRepeatsOperator(ins,fn){this.ins=ins;this.type="dropRepeats";this.out=null;this.v=empty;this.isEq=fn?fn:function(x,y){return x===y}}DropRepeatsOperator.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};DropRepeatsOperator.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=null;this.v=empty};DropRepeatsOperator.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;var v=this.v;if(v!==empty&&this.isEq(t,v))return;this.v=t;u._n(t)};DropRepeatsOperator.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;u._e(err)};DropRepeatsOperator.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(!u)return;u._c()};return DropRepeatsOperator}();exports.DropRepeatsOperator=DropRepeatsOperator;function dropRepeats(isEqual){if(isEqual===void 0){isEqual=void 0}return function dropRepeatsOperator(ins){return new index_1.Stream(new DropRepeatsOperator(ins,isEqual))}}exports.default=dropRepeats},{"../index":107}],105:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var index_1=require("../index");var NO={};var SampleCombineListener=function(){function SampleCombineListener(i,p){this.i=i;this.p=p;p.ils[i]=this}SampleCombineListener.prototype._n=function(t){var p=this.p;if(p.out===NO)return;p.up(t,this.i)};SampleCombineListener.prototype._e=function(err){this.p._e(err)};SampleCombineListener.prototype._c=function(){this.p.down(this.i,this)};return SampleCombineListener}();exports.SampleCombineListener=SampleCombineListener;var SampleCombineOperator=function(){function SampleCombineOperator(ins,streams){this.type="sampleCombine";this.ins=ins;this.others=streams;this.out=NO;this.ils=[];this.Nn=0;this.vals=[]}SampleCombineOperator.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;var s=this.others;var n=this.Nn=s.length;var vals=this.vals=new Array(n);for(var i=0;i<n;i++){vals[i]=NO;s[i]._add(new SampleCombineListener(i,this))}this.ins._add(this)};SampleCombineOperator.prototype._stop=function(){var s=this.others;var n=s.length;var ils=this.ils;this.ins._remove(this);for(var i=0;i<n;i++){s[i]._remove(ils[i])}this.out=NO;this.vals=[];this.ils=[]};SampleCombineOperator.prototype._n=function(t){var out=this.out;if(out===NO)return;if(this.Nn>0)return;out._n([t].concat(this.vals))};SampleCombineOperator.prototype._e=function(err){var out=this.out;if(out===NO)return;out._e(err)};SampleCombineOperator.prototype._c=function(){var out=this.out;if(out===NO)return;out._c()};SampleCombineOperator.prototype.up=function(t,i){var v=this.vals[i];if(this.Nn>0&&v===NO){this.Nn--}this.vals[i]=t};SampleCombineOperator.prototype.down=function(i,l){this.others[i]._remove(l)};return SampleCombineOperator}();exports.SampleCombineOperator=SampleCombineOperator;var sampleCombine;sampleCombine=function sampleCombine(){var streams=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){streams[_i]=arguments[_i]}return function sampleCombineOperator(sampler){return new index_1.Stream(new SampleCombineOperator(sampler,streams))}};exports.default=sampleCombine},{"../index":107}],106:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var index_1=require("../index");var concat_1=require("./concat");function interpolate(y,from,to){return from*(1-y)+to*y}function flip(fn){return function(x){return 1-fn(1-x)}}function createEasing(fn){var fnFlipped=flip(fn);return{easeIn:function(x,from,to){return interpolate(fn(x),from,to)},easeOut:function(x,from,to){return interpolate(fnFlipped(x),from,to)},easeInOut:function(x,from,to){var y=x<.5?fn(2*x)*.5:.5+fnFlipped(2*(x-.5))*.5;return interpolate(y,from,to)}}}var easingPower2=createEasing(function(x){return x*x});var easingPower3=createEasing(function(x){return x*x*x});var easingPower4=createEasing(function(x){var xx=x*x;return xx*xx});var EXP_WEIGHT=6;var EXP_MAX=Math.exp(EXP_WEIGHT)-1;function expFn(x){return(Math.exp(x*EXP_WEIGHT)-1)/EXP_MAX}var easingExponential=createEasing(expFn);var OVERSHOOT=1.70158;var easingBack=createEasing(function(x){return x*x*((OVERSHOOT+1)*x-OVERSHOOT)});var PARAM1=7.5625;var PARAM2=2.75;function easeOutFn(x){var z=x;if(z<1/PARAM2){return PARAM1*z*z}else if(z<2/PARAM2){return PARAM1*(z-=1.5/PARAM2)*z+.75}else if(z<2.5/PARAM2){return PARAM1*(z-=2.25/PARAM2)*z+.9375}else{return PARAM1*(z-=2.625/PARAM2)*z+.984375}}var easingBounce=createEasing(function(x){return 1-easeOutFn(1-x)});var easingCirc=createEasing(function(x){return-(Math.sqrt(1-x*x)-1)});var PERIOD=.3;var OVERSHOOT_ELASTIC=PERIOD/4;var AMPLITUDE=1;function elasticIn(x){var z=x;if(z<=0){return 0}else if(z>=1){return 1}else{z-=1;return-(AMPLITUDE*Math.pow(2,10*z))*Math.sin((z-OVERSHOOT_ELASTIC)*(2*Math.PI)/PERIOD)}}var easingElastic=createEasing(elasticIn);var HALF_PI=Math.PI*.5;var easingSine=createEasing(function(x){return 1-Math.cos(x*HALF_PI)});var DEFAULT_INTERVAL=15;function tween(_a){var from=_a.from,to=_a.to,duration=_a.duration,_b=_a.ease,ease=_b===void 0?tweenFactory.linear.ease:_b,_c=_a.interval,interval=_c===void 0?DEFAULT_INTERVAL:_c;var totalTicks=Math.round(duration/interval);return index_1.Stream.periodic(interval).take(totalTicks).map(function(tick){return ease(tick/totalTicks,from,to)}).compose(function(s){return concat_1.default(s,index_1.Stream.of(to))})}var tweenFactory=tween;tweenFactory.linear={ease:interpolate};tweenFactory.power2=easingPower2;tweenFactory.power3=easingPower3;tweenFactory.power4=easingPower4;tweenFactory.exponential=easingExponential;tweenFactory.back=easingBack;tweenFactory.bounce=easingBounce;tweenFactory.circular=easingCirc;tweenFactory.elastic=easingElastic;tweenFactory.sine=easingSine;exports.default=tweenFactory},{"../index":107,"./concat":102}],107:[function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var __extends=this&&this.__extends||function(){var extendStatics=Object.setPrototypeOf||{__proto__:[]}instanceof Array&&function(d,b){d.__proto__=b}||function(d,b){for(var p in b)if(b.hasOwnProperty(p))d[p]=b[p]};return function(d,b){extendStatics(d,b);function __(){this.constructor=d}d.prototype=b===null?Object.create(b):(__.prototype=b.prototype,new __)}}();Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:true});var symbol_observable_1=require("symbol-observable");var NO={};exports.NO=NO;function noop(){}function cp(a){var l=a.length;var b=Array(l);for(var i=0;i<l;++i)b[i]=a[i];return b}function and(f1,f2){return function andFn(t){return f1(t)&&f2(t)}}function _try(c,t,u){try{return c.f(t)}catch(e){u._e(e);return NO}}var NO_IL={_n:noop,_e:noop,_c:noop};exports.NO_IL=NO_IL;function internalizeProducer(producer){producer._start=function _start(il){il.next=il._n;il.error=il._e;il.complete=il._c;this.start(il)};producer._stop=producer.stop}var StreamSub=function(){function StreamSub(_stream,_listener){this._stream=_stream;this._listener=_listener}StreamSub.prototype.unsubscribe=function(){this._stream._remove(this._listener)};return StreamSub}();var Observer=function(){function Observer(_listener){this._listener=_listener}Observer.prototype.next=function(value){this._listener._n(value)};Observer.prototype.error=function(err){this._listener._e(err)};Observer.prototype.complete=function(){this._listener._c()};return Observer}();var FromObservable=function(){function FromObservable(observable){this.type="fromObservable";this.ins=observable;this.active=false}FromObservable.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.active=true;this._sub=this.ins.subscribe(new Observer(out));if(!this.active)this._sub.unsubscribe()};FromObservable.prototype._stop=function(){if(this._sub)this._sub.unsubscribe();this.active=false};return FromObservable}();var Merge=function(){function Merge(insArr){this.type="merge";this.insArr=insArr;this.out=NO;this.ac=0}Merge.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;var s=this.insArr;var L=s.length;this.ac=L;for(var i=0;i<L;i++)s[i]._add(this)};Merge.prototype._stop=function(){var s=this.insArr;var L=s.length;for(var i=0;i<L;i++)s[i]._remove(this);this.out=NO};Merge.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._n(t)};Merge.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Merge.prototype._c=function(){if(--this.ac<=0){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()}};return Merge}();var CombineListener=function(){function CombineListener(i,out,p){this.i=i;this.out=out;this.p=p;p.ils.push(this)}CombineListener.prototype._n=function(t){var p=this.p,out=this.out;if(out===NO)return;if(p.up(t,this.i)){var a=p.vals;var l=a.length;var b=Array(l);for(var i=0;i<l;++i)b[i]=a[i];out._n(b)}};CombineListener.prototype._e=function(err){var out=this.out;if(out===NO)return;out._e(err)};CombineListener.prototype._c=function(){var p=this.p;if(p.out===NO)return;if(--p.Nc===0)p.out._c()};return CombineListener}();var Combine=function(){function Combine(insArr){this.type="combine";this.insArr=insArr;this.out=NO;this.ils=[];this.Nc=this.Nn=0;this.vals=[]}Combine.prototype.up=function(t,i){var v=this.vals[i];var Nn=!this.Nn?0:v===NO?--this.Nn:this.Nn;this.vals[i]=t;return Nn===0};Combine.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;var s=this.insArr;var n=this.Nc=this.Nn=s.length;var vals=this.vals=new Array(n);if(n===0){out._n([]);out._c()}else{for(var i=0;i<n;i++){vals[i]=NO;s[i]._add(new CombineListener(i,out,this))}}};Combine.prototype._stop=function(){var s=this.insArr;var n=s.length;var ils=this.ils;for(var i=0;i<n;i++)s[i]._remove(ils[i]);this.out=NO;this.ils=[];this.vals=[]};return Combine}();var FromArray=function(){function FromArray(a){this.type="fromArray";this.a=a}FromArray.prototype._start=function(out){var a=this.a;for(var i=0,n=a.length;i<n;i++)out._n(a[i]);out._c()};FromArray.prototype._stop=function(){};return FromArray}();var FromPromise=function(){function FromPromise(p){this.type="fromPromise";this.on=false;this.p=p}FromPromise.prototype._start=function(out){var prod=this;this.on=true;this.p.then(function(v){if(prod.on){out._n(v);out._c()}},function(e){out._e(e)}).then(noop,function(err){setTimeout(function(){throw err})})};FromPromise.prototype._stop=function(){this.on=false};return FromPromise}();var Periodic=function(){function Periodic(period){this.type="periodic";this.period=period;this.intervalID=-1;this.i=0}Periodic.prototype._start=function(out){var self=this;function intervalHandler(){out._n(self.i++)}this.intervalID=setInterval(intervalHandler,this.period)};Periodic.prototype._stop=function(){if(this.intervalID!==-1)clearInterval(this.intervalID);this.intervalID=-1;this.i=0};return Periodic}();var Debug=function(){function Debug(ins,arg){this.type="debug";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.s=noop;this.l="";if(typeof arg==="string")this.l=arg;else if(typeof arg==="function")this.s=arg}Debug.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};Debug.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO};Debug.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;var s=this.s,l=this.l;if(s!==noop){try{s(t)}catch(e){u._e(e)}}else if(l)console.log(l+":",t);else console.log(t);u._n(t)};Debug.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Debug.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};return Debug}();var Drop=function(){function Drop(max,ins){this.type="drop";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.max=max;this.dropped=0}Drop.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.dropped=0;this.ins._add(this)};Drop.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO};Drop.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;if(this.dropped++>=this.max)u._n(t)};Drop.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Drop.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};return Drop}();var EndWhenListener=function(){function EndWhenListener(out,op){this.out=out;this.op=op}EndWhenListener.prototype._n=function(){this.op.end()};EndWhenListener.prototype._e=function(err){this.out._e(err)};EndWhenListener.prototype._c=function(){this.op.end()};return EndWhenListener}();var EndWhen=function(){function EndWhen(o,ins){this.type="endWhen";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.o=o;this.oil=NO_IL}EndWhen.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.o._add(this.oil=new EndWhenListener(out,this));this.ins._add(this)};EndWhen.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.o._remove(this.oil);this.out=NO;this.oil=NO_IL};EndWhen.prototype.end=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};EndWhen.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._n(t)};EndWhen.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};EndWhen.prototype._c=function(){this.end()};return EndWhen}();var Filter=function(){function Filter(passes,ins){this.type="filter";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.f=passes}Filter.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};Filter.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO};Filter.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;var r=_try(this,t,u);if(r===NO||!r)return;u._n(t)};Filter.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Filter.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};return Filter}();var FlattenListener=function(){function FlattenListener(out,op){this.out=out;this.op=op}FlattenListener.prototype._n=function(t){this.out._n(t)};FlattenListener.prototype._e=function(err){this.out._e(err)};FlattenListener.prototype._c=function(){this.op.inner=NO;this.op.less()};return FlattenListener}();var Flatten=function(){function Flatten(ins){this.type="flatten";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.open=true;this.inner=NO;this.il=NO_IL}Flatten.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.open=true;this.inner=NO;this.il=NO_IL;this.ins._add(this)};Flatten.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);if(this.inner!==NO)this.inner._remove(this.il);this.out=NO;this.open=true;this.inner=NO;this.il=NO_IL};Flatten.prototype.less=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;if(!this.open&&this.inner===NO)u._c()};Flatten.prototype._n=function(s){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;var _a=this,inner=_a.inner,il=_a.il;if(inner!==NO&&il!==NO_IL)inner._remove(il);(this.inner=s)._add(this.il=new FlattenListener(u,this))};Flatten.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Flatten.prototype._c=function(){this.open=false;this.less()};return Flatten}();var Fold=function(){function Fold(f,seed,ins){var _this=this;this.type="fold";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.f=function(t){return f(_this.acc,t)};this.acc=this.seed=seed}Fold.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.acc=this.seed;out._n(this.acc);this.ins._add(this)};Fold.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO;this.acc=this.seed};Fold.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;var r=_try(this,t,u);if(r===NO)return;u._n(this.acc=r)};Fold.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Fold.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};return Fold}();var Last=function(){function Last(ins){this.type="last";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.has=false;this.val=NO}Last.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.has=false;this.ins._add(this)};Last.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO;this.val=NO};Last.prototype._n=function(t){this.has=true;this.val=t};Last.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Last.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;if(this.has){u._n(this.val);u._c()}else u._e(new Error("last() failed because input stream completed"))};return Last}();var MapOp=function(){function MapOp(project,ins){this.type="map";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.f=project}MapOp.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};MapOp.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO};MapOp.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;var r=_try(this,t,u);if(r===NO)return;u._n(r)};MapOp.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};MapOp.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};return MapOp}();var Remember=function(){function Remember(ins){this.type="remember";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO}Remember.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(out)};Remember.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this.out);this.out=NO};return Remember}();var ReplaceError=function(){function ReplaceError(replacer,ins){this.type="replaceError";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.f=replacer}ReplaceError.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.ins._add(this)};ReplaceError.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO};ReplaceError.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._n(t)};ReplaceError.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;try{this.ins._remove(this);(this.ins=this.f(err))._add(this)}catch(e){u._e(e)}};ReplaceError.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};return ReplaceError}();var StartWith=function(){function StartWith(ins,val){this.type="startWith";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.val=val}StartWith.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.out._n(this.val);this.ins._add(out)};StartWith.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this.out);this.out=NO};return StartWith}();var Take=function(){function Take(max,ins){this.type="take";this.ins=ins;this.out=NO;this.max=max;this.taken=0}Take.prototype._start=function(out){this.out=out;this.taken=0;if(this.max<=0)out._c();else this.ins._add(this)};Take.prototype._stop=function(){this.ins._remove(this);this.out=NO};Take.prototype._n=function(t){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;var m=++this.taken;if(m<this.max)u._n(t);else if(m===this.max){u._n(t);u._c()}};Take.prototype._e=function(err){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._e(err)};Take.prototype._c=function(){var u=this.out;if(u===NO)return;u._c()};return Take}();var Stream=function(){function Stream(producer){this._prod=producer||NO;this._ils=[];this._stopID=NO;this._dl=NO;this._d=false;this._target=NO;this._err=NO}Stream.prototype._n=function(t){var a=this._ils;var L=a.length;if(this._d)this._dl._n(t);if(L==1)a[0]._n(t);else if(L==0)return;else{var b=cp(a);for(var i=0;i<L;i++)b[i]._n(t)}};Stream.prototype._e=function(err){if(this._err!==NO)return;this._err=err;var a=this._ils;var L=a.length;this._x();if(this._d)this._dl._e(err);if(L==1)a[0]._e(err);else if(L==0)return;else{var b=cp(a);for(var i=0;i<L;i++)b[i]._e(err)}if(!this._d&&L==0)throw this._err};Stream.prototype._c=function(){var a=this._ils;var L=a.length;this._x();if(this._d)this._dl._c();if(L==1)a[0]._c();else if(L==0)return;else{var b=cp(a);for(var i=0;i<L;i++)b[i]._c()}};Stream.prototype._x=function(){if(this._ils.length===0)return;if(this._prod!==NO)this._prod._stop();this._err=NO;this._ils=[]};Stream.prototype._stopNow=function(){this._prod._stop();this._err=NO;this._stopID=NO};Stream.prototype._add=function(il){var ta=this._target;if(ta!==NO)return ta._add(il);var a=this._ils;a.push(il);if(a.length>1)return;if(this._stopID!==NO){clearTimeout(this._stopID);this._stopID=NO}else{var p=this._prod;if(p!==NO)p._start(this)}};Stream.prototype._remove=function(il){var _this=this;var ta=this._target;if(ta!==NO)return ta._remove(il);var a=this._ils;var i=a.indexOf(il);if(i>-1){a.splice(i,1);if(this._prod!==NO&&a.length<=0){this._err=NO;this._stopID=setTimeout(function(){return _this._stopNow()})}else if(a.length===1){this._pruneCycles()}}};Stream.prototype._pruneCycles=function(){if(this._hasNoSinks(this,[]))this._remove(this._ils[0])};Stream.prototype._hasNoSinks=function(x,trace){if(trace.indexOf(x)!==-1)return true;else if(x.out===this)return true;else if(x.out&&x.out!==NO)return this._hasNoSinks(x.out,trace.concat(x));else if(x._ils){for(var i=0,N=x._ils.length;i<N;i++)if(!this._hasNoSinks(x._ils[i],trace.concat(x)))return false;return true}else return false};Stream.prototype.ctor=function(){return this instanceof MemoryStream?MemoryStream:Stream};Stream.prototype.addListener=function(listener){
listener._n=listener.next||noop;listener._e=listener.error||noop;listener._c=listener.complete||noop;this._add(listener)};Stream.prototype.removeListener=function(listener){this._remove(listener)};Stream.prototype.subscribe=function(listener){this.addListener(listener);return new StreamSub(this,listener)};Stream.prototype[symbol_observable_1.default]=function(){return this};Stream.create=function(producer){if(producer){if(typeof producer.start!=="function"||typeof producer.stop!=="function")throw new Error("producer requires both start and stop functions");internalizeProducer(producer)}return new Stream(producer)};Stream.createWithMemory=function(producer){if(producer)internalizeProducer(producer);return new MemoryStream(producer)};Stream.never=function(){return new Stream({_start:noop,_stop:noop})};Stream.empty=function(){return new Stream({_start:function(il){il._c()},_stop:noop})};Stream.throw=function(error){return new Stream({_start:function(il){il._e(error)},_stop:noop})};Stream.from=function(input){if(typeof input[symbol_observable_1.default]==="function")return Stream.fromObservable(input);else if(typeof input.then==="function")return Stream.fromPromise(input);else if(Array.isArray(input))return Stream.fromArray(input);throw new TypeError("Type of input to from() must be an Array, Promise, or Observable")};Stream.of=function(){var items=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){items[_i]=arguments[_i]}return Stream.fromArray(items)};Stream.fromArray=function(array){return new Stream(new FromArray(array))};Stream.fromPromise=function(promise){return new Stream(new FromPromise(promise))};Stream.fromObservable=function(obs){if(obs.endWhen)return obs;var o=typeof obs[symbol_observable_1.default]==="function"?obs[symbol_observable_1.default]():obs;return new Stream(new FromObservable(o))};Stream.periodic=function(period){return new Stream(new Periodic(period))};Stream.prototype._map=function(project){return new(this.ctor())(new MapOp(project,this))};Stream.prototype.map=function(project){return this._map(project)};Stream.prototype.mapTo=function(projectedValue){var s=this.map(function(){return projectedValue});var op=s._prod;op.type="mapTo";return s};Stream.prototype.filter=function(passes){var p=this._prod;if(p instanceof Filter)return new Stream(new Filter(and(p.f,passes),p.ins));return new Stream(new Filter(passes,this))};Stream.prototype.take=function(amount){return new(this.ctor())(new Take(amount,this))};Stream.prototype.drop=function(amount){return new Stream(new Drop(amount,this))};Stream.prototype.last=function(){return new Stream(new Last(this))};Stream.prototype.startWith=function(initial){return new MemoryStream(new StartWith(this,initial))};Stream.prototype.endWhen=function(other){return new(this.ctor())(new EndWhen(other,this))};Stream.prototype.fold=function(accumulate,seed){return new MemoryStream(new Fold(accumulate,seed,this))};Stream.prototype.replaceError=function(replace){return new(this.ctor())(new ReplaceError(replace,this))};Stream.prototype.flatten=function(){var p=this._prod;return new Stream(new Flatten(this))};Stream.prototype.compose=function(operator){return operator(this)};Stream.prototype.remember=function(){return new MemoryStream(new Remember(this))};Stream.prototype.debug=function(labelOrSpy){return new(this.ctor())(new Debug(this,labelOrSpy))};Stream.prototype.imitate=function(target){if(target instanceof MemoryStream)throw new Error("A MemoryStream was given to imitate(), but it only "+"supports a Stream. Read more about this restriction here: "+"path_to_url#faq");this._target=target;for(var ils=this._ils,N=ils.length,i=0;i<N;i++)target._add(ils[i]);this._ils=[]};Stream.prototype.shamefullySendNext=function(value){this._n(value)};Stream.prototype.shamefullySendError=function(error){this._e(error)};Stream.prototype.shamefullySendComplete=function(){this._c()};Stream.prototype.setDebugListener=function(listener){if(!listener){this._d=false;this._dl=NO}else{this._d=true;listener._n=listener.next||noop;listener._e=listener.error||noop;listener._c=listener.complete||noop;this._dl=listener}};Stream.merge=function merge(){var streams=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){streams[_i]=arguments[_i]}return new Stream(new Merge(streams))};Stream.combine=function combine(){var streams=[];for(var _i=0;_i<arguments.length;_i++){streams[_i]=arguments[_i]}return new Stream(new Combine(streams))};return Stream}();exports.Stream=Stream;var MemoryStream=function(_super){__extends(MemoryStream,_super);function MemoryStream(producer){var _this=_super.call(this,producer)||this;_this._has=false;return _this}MemoryStream.prototype._n=function(x){this._v=x;this._has=true;_super.prototype._n.call(this,x)};MemoryStream.prototype._add=function(il){var ta=this._target;if(ta!==NO)return ta._add(il);var a=this._ils;a.push(il);if(a.length>1){if(this._has)il._n(this._v);return}if(this._stopID!==NO){if(this._has)il._n(this._v);clearTimeout(this._stopID);this._stopID=NO}else if(this._has)il._n(this._v);else{var p=this._prod;if(p!==NO)p._start(this)}};MemoryStream.prototype._stopNow=function(){this._has=false;_super.prototype._stopNow.call(this)};MemoryStream.prototype._x=function(){this._has=false;_super.prototype._x.call(this)};MemoryStream.prototype.map=function(project){return this._map(project)};MemoryStream.prototype.mapTo=function(projectedValue){return _super.prototype.mapTo.call(this,projectedValue)};MemoryStream.prototype.take=function(amount){return _super.prototype.take.call(this,amount)};MemoryStream.prototype.endWhen=function(other){return _super.prototype.endWhen.call(this,other)};MemoryStream.prototype.replaceError=function(replace){return _super.prototype.replaceError.call(this,replace)};MemoryStream.prototype.remember=function(){return this};MemoryStream.prototype.debug=function(labelOrSpy){return _super.prototype.debug.call(this,labelOrSpy)};return MemoryStream}(Stream);exports.MemoryStream=MemoryStream;var xs=Stream;exports.default=xs},{"symbol-observable":90}]},{},[33]);
``` |
Paul V. Dugan (born January 1, 1939) is an American former politician. He was the 40th Lieutenant Governor of Kansas from 1979 to 1983. He attended Regis College, earning a business administration degree, and Washburn University in Topeka for a law degree.
References
1939 births
Living people
Kansas Democrats
Kansas lawyers
Lieutenant Governors of Kansas
Regis College alumni
Washburn University alumni
Writers from Kansas |
Alison "Ali" Gass is an American curator and museum director. She is the founding director of the Institute of Contemporary Art San Francisco. She has served as the director of the Institute of Contemporary Art San José, Smart Museum of Art, and chief curator of the Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University.
Biography
Gass is a native of the San Francisco Bay Area. She obtained her BA from Columbia University and MFA from the New York University Institute of Fine Arts.
Gass began her museum career as a curatorial assistant at the Jewish Museum in New York City, then as an assistant curator of painting and sculpture at San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. At SFMOMA, she curated SECA Art Award exhibitions and assisted with the organization of the Luc Tuymans retrospective. She was named a young curator to watch by The New York Times in 2010.
In 2012, she became deputy director and chief curator at the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum at Michigan State University. She helped launch the new building designed by Zaha Hadid and established a global contemporary program featuring artists such as Jessica Jackson Hutchins, Hope Gangloff, Teresita Fernandez, Sharon Hayes.
In 2014, Gass was named associate director for Collections, Exhibitions, and Curatorial Affairs at the Cantor Arts Center of Stanford University. She was chief curator at Stanford when she was appointed director of the University of Chicago's Smart Museum of Art in 2017, serving until 2019. She also taught at California College of the Arts and City College of New York.
Gass was named director of the Institute of Contemporary Art San José (ICA SJ) in 2020. In 2021, Gass joined the Institute of Contemporary Art San Francisco (ICA SF), an experimental, non-collecting museum featuring a range of temporary exhibitions, as its founding director. During the pandemic, she raised 2.5 million for the fledgling institution that is set to open in the fall of 2022.
Personal life
Gass is married to architect Alec Hathaway. The couple has two children.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American art curators
Directors of museums in the United States
Columbia College (New York) alumni
New York University Institute of Fine Arts alumni
Stanford University people
University of Chicago people
Michigan State University people |
Lipová () is a municipality and village in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Liščí is an administrative part of Lipová.
Geography
Lipová is located about northeast of Děčín and northeast of Ústí nad Labem. It lies in the salient region of Šluknov Hook, on the border with Germany. It borders the German municipalities of Steinigtwolmsdorf and Sohland an der Spree. It is situated in the Lusatian Highlands. The highest point of Lipová is the hill Ječný vrch at above sea level. The Liščí Brook originates here and flows across the municipality. The village of Lipová lies on the shore of the Zámecký Pond; the second notable pond in the territory is Solandský.
History
The first written mention of Lipová is from 1344, when the village was owned by the Berka of Dubá family as part of the Tolštejn estate.
Demographics
Economy
The municipality suffers from its location in Šluknov Hook at the periphery of the Czech Republic. The region has persistently high unemployment rate, low supply of services and poor quality of healthcare.
Sights
The main landmark is the Church of Saints Simon and Jude, built in the Baroque style in 1691–1695. The tower was added in 1781.
Lipová Castle was built in 1736–1738. Today it is a ruin. It is surrounded by a park.
References
External links
Villages in Děčín District |
Glos-la-Ferrière () is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche.
See also
Communes of the Orne department
References
Gloslaferriere |
Alphington Grammar School is a private, co-educational secondary school located in Alphington, Victoria, Australia, established by the Orthodox Community of Melbourne in 1988.
The school was designed to reflect the cultural diversity of Melbourne, and is non-denominational with students from around 25 ethnic and religious backgrounds.
History
Alphington Grammar School was established by the Greek Orthodox Community of Melbourne in 1989, the campus having previously been Parade College.
The Greek community of Melbourne is supportive of the school and holds its Greek language classes on campus on Friday evenings as well as weekends.
In 2022 Alphington Grammar came into conflict with the City of Yarra over the illegal erection of gates across Old Heidelberg Road which the school had used to block community access to public land on Darebin Creek. During community consultation the City of Yarra council received more than 300 submissions for opening the road, and only 14 against. Alphington Grammar was initially ordered to remove the gates preventing public access to public land by 16 May, but refused to do so. An extended deadline of 24 May was offered, and upon its expiry council workers removed the gate. In response to the removal of the gate, Alphington Grammar quickly erected a temporary replacement gate. This gate was removed on the same day by a member of the public with an angle grinder in broad daylight.
In the 2023 school year Alphington Grammar reopened its 'International Gateways' program offering overseas travel opportunities to students in years 9 and 10. The program was introduced in 2014 but placed on hold with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2023 Alphington Grammar was accused of stigmatising mental healthcare when the school came under criticism for its response to a proposal to open an outpatient mental healthcare facility at a nearby former aged care home. Alphington Grammar argued that the facility would expose its students to drug-affected or predatory patients. However, despite the stated concerns of the school, the proposed facility would only cater to patients with mild disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The facility would exclude those with a primary diagnosis of substance abuse, and not provide high-acuity psychiatric services, forensic or criminal mental health services, or a mental health emergency service.
Sport
Alphington Grammar is a member of the Eastern Independent Schools of Melbourne (EISM).
EISM Premierships
Alphington Grammar has won the following EISM senior premierships.
Combined:
Cross Country – 2013
Boys:
Basketball – 2014
Cross Country – 2013
Football (2) – 2002, 2003
Football 12's – 2017
Hockey – 2005
Soccer (6) – 2001, 2002, 2003, 2011, 2012, 2018
Soccer five-a-side (3) – 2015, 2017, 2018
Table Tennis (3) – 2015, 2016, 2017
Tennis (5) – 2005, 2006, 2017, 2018, 2020
Volleyball (4) – 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020
Girls:
Netball (2) – 2016, 2019
Soccer (3) – 2013, 2017, 2018
Soccer five-a-side – 2015
Softball – 2004
Tennis – 2009
Volleyball (2) – 2014, 2020
References
External links
Alphington Grammar School website
Educational institutions established in 1989
Grammar schools in Australia
Private secondary schools in Victoria (state)
1989 establishments in Australia
Buildings and structures in the City of Banyule |
This is a list of foreign players in the Úrvalsdeild karla, the men's top-tier football league in Iceland, which commenced play in 1912. The following players must meet both of the following two criteria:
Have played at least one Úrvalsdeild League game. Players who were signed by Úrvalsdeild League clubs, but only played in lower league, cup and/or European games, or did not play in any competitive games at all, are not included.
Are considered foreign, determined by the following:
A player is considered foreign if he is not eligible to play for Iceland national football team, more specifically:
If a player has been capped on international level, the national team is used; if he has been capped by more than one country, the highest level (or the most recent) team is used.
If a player has not been capped on international level, his country of birth is used, except those who were born abroad from Icelandic parents or moved to Iceland at a young age, and those who clearly indicated to have switched his nationality to another nation.
Australia
Dylan Macallister – Breiðablik – 2011
Belgium
Jérémy Serwy – FH – 2015–2016
Jonathan Hendrickx – FH, Breiðablik – 2014–2017, 2018
Muhammed Mert – Víkingur R. – 2017
Danny Schreurs – Leiknir R. – 2015
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Kristijan Jajalo – Grindavík – 2017–
Emir Dokara – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013, 2016–2017
Kenan Turudija – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2016–2017
Izzy Tandir – Breiðablik – 2015
Eldar Masic – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013
Edin Beslija – Þór Akureyri – 2013
Amir Mehica – Haukar – 2010
Brazil
Daniel Bamberg – Breiðablik – 2016
Thiago Pinto Borges – Þróttur R. – 2016
Bulgaria
Iliyan Garov – Víkingur R. – 2014
Ventsislav Ivanov – Víkingur R. – 2014
Todor Hristov – Víkingur R. – 2014
Cameroon
Charley Roussel Fomen – Leiknir R. – 2015
DR Congo
Michee Efete – Breiðablik – 2017
Croatia
Mario Tadejević – Fjölnir – 2016–
Igor Jugović – Fjölnir – 2016–
Marko Perković – Víkingur R. – 2016
Josip Fuček – Víkingur R. – 2016
Matija Dvorneković – FH – 2017
Hrvoje Tokić – Vikingur Ólafsvík, Breiðablik – 2016–
Vedran Turkalj – KA – 2017
Ivica Džolan – Fjölnir – 2017
Tonči Radovniković – Fylkir – 2015–2016
Mario Brlečić – ÍBV – 2015
Zoran Stamenić – Grindavík – 2008–2009
Marinko Skaričić – Grindavík, Fjölnir – 2008–2009
Žankarlo Šimunić – Grindavík – 2008
Curaçao
Prince Rajcomar – Breiðablik, KR – 2007–2009
Czech Republic
Michal Pospíšil – Grindavík – 2011
Denmark
Jeppe Hansen – Stjarnan, KR, Keflavík – 2014–2016, 2018
Denis Fazlagic – KR – 2016
Kennie Chopart – Stjarnan, Fjölnir, KR – 2012–2013, 2015–
Michael Præst – Stjarnan, KR – 2012–2013, 2015–
Morten Beck Andersen – KR – 2016–2017
Morten Beck – KR – 2016–
Martin Lund Pedersen – Fjölnir, Breiðablik – 2016–2017
Tobias Salquist – Fjölnir – 2016
Marcus Solberg – Fjölnir – 2016–2017
Rasmus Christiansen – ÍBV, KR, Valur – 2010–2012, 2015–
Rolf Toft – Stjarnan, Víkingur R., Valur – 2014–2016
Andreas Albech – Valur – 2016
Kristian Gaarde – Valur – 2016
Nikolaj Hansen – Valur, Víkingur R. – 2016–
Martin Svensson – Vikingur Reykjavik, Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2016
Søren Andreasen – ÍBV – 2016
Simon Smidt – ÍBV, Grindavík – 2016–2017
Mikkel Maigaard – ÍBV – 2016–2017
Nicolas Bøgild – Valur – 2017
Patrick Pedersen – Valur – 2013–2015, 2017–
Nicolaj Køhlert – Valur – 2017
Tobias Thomsen – KR, Valur – 2017–
André Bjerregaard – KR – 2017–
Emil Lyng – KA – 2017
Sebastian Svärd – Þróttur R. – 2016
Christian Sørensen – Þróttur R. – 2016
Søren Frederiksen – KR – 2015
Thomas Guldborg Christensen – Valur – 2015
Jacob Schoop – KR – 2015
Mathias Schlie – Valur – 2015
Kristian Larsen – Þróttur R. – 2016
Niclas Vemmelund – Stjarnan – 2014
Martin Rauschenberg – Stjarnan – 2013–2014
Sead Gavranovic – ÍBV – 2015
Thomas Nielsen – Víkingur R. – 2015
Mads Nielsen – Valur – 2014
Nichlas Rohde – Breiðablik – 2012–2013
Mark Tubæk – Þór Akureyri – 2013
Thomas Sørensen – ÍA – 2013
Christian Olsen – ÍBV – 2012
Mads Laudrup – Stjarnan – 2012
Alexander Scholz – Stjarnan – 2012
Jesper Jensen – Stjarnan, ÍA – 2011–2012
Tommy Fredsgaard Nielsen – FH – 2003–2011
Nikolaj Hagelskjær – Stjarnan – 2011
Jacob Neestrup – FH – 2010
Martin Pedersen – Valur – 2010
Danni König – Valur – 2010
Lasse Jörgensen – Keflavík – 2009–2010
Nicolai Jörgensen – Keflavík – 2007–2009
Dennis Danry – Þróttur R., Stjarnan – 2008–2010
Morten Smidt – Þróttur R. – 2009
Dennis Siim – FH – 2005–2009
Henrik Forsberg Bödker – Þróttur R. – 2009
Rasmus Hansen – Valur – 2008
Henrik Eggerts Hansen – Fram, Valur – 2007–2008
Hans Yoo Mathiesen – Fram, Keflavík – 2005, 2007–2008
René Carlsen – Valur – 2007–2008
Casper Jacobsen – Breiðablik – 2007–2008
Allan Dyring – FH, Fylkir – 2006–2008
Peter Gravesen – Fylkir – 2006–2008
Allan Borgvardt – FH – 2003–2005
El Salvador
Pablo Punyed – Fylkir, Stjarnan, ÍBV, KR – 2013–
Derby Carrillo – ÍBV – 2016–
England
Gary Martin – ÍA, KR, Víkingur Reykjavík – 2010–2017
Sam Hewson – Fram, FH, Grindavík – 2011–
Darren Lough – ÍA – 2015–2016
Charles Vernam – ÍBV – 2016
Ian Jeffs – ÍBV, Fylkir, Valur – 2003–2005, 2008–2016
Jonathan Barden – ÍBV – 2015–2016
Archange Nkumu – KA – 2017–
Callum Williams – KA – 2017–
David Atkinson – ÍBV – 2017
Matt Garner – ÍBV – 2004, 2006, 2009–2014, 2017
Rashid Yussuff – ÍA – 2017
Callum Brittain – Þróttur R. – 2016
Kabongo Tshimanga – Þróttur R. – 2016
Dean Morgan – Þróttur R. – 2016
Lewis Ward – Fylkir – 2016
Sam Tillen – Fram, FH – 2008–2013, 2015
Paul Bignot – Keflavík – 2015
James Hurst – ÍBV, Valur – 2010, 2013–2014
Michael Abnett – Víkingur Reykjavík – 2014
Dean Martin – ÍA, KA, ÍBV – 1998, 2002–2007, 2012–2014
Danny Racchi – Valur – 2013
Dominic Furness – FH – 2013
David James – ÍBV – 2013
David Preece – Keflavík – 2013
Theodore Eugene Furness – ÍA – 2012–2013
Bradley Simmonds – ÍBV – 2013
Aaron Spear – ÍBV – 2011–2013
Danny Thomas – FH – 2012
Jake Gallagher – ÍBV – 2012
George Baldock – ÍBV – 2012
Ben Everson – Breiðablik – 2012
Mark Doninger – ÍA, Stjarnan – 2012
Joe Tillen – Fram, Valur, Selfoss – 2008–2010, 2012
Tomi Ameobi – Grindavík – 2012
Jordan Edridge – Grindavík – 2012
Bryan Hughes – ÍBV – 2011
Kelvin Mellor – ÍBV – 2011
Jordan Connerton – ÍBV – 2011
Mark Redshaw – Fram – 2011
Clark Keltie – Þór Akureyri – 2011
Jack Giddens – Grindavík – 2011
Cameron Gayle – Víkingur R. – 2011
Kemar Roofe – Víkingur R. – 2011
Sam Mantom – Haukar – 2010
A-Jay Leitch-Smith – ÍBV – 2009
Chris Clements – ÍBV – 2009
Ben Ryan Long – Grindavík – 2009
Sam Malsom – Þróttur R. – 2009
Stewart Beards – Valur – 1995
Faroe Islands
Hallur Hansson – KR– 2022
Patrik Johannesen – Keflavík – 2022
Gunnar Nielsen – Stjarnan, FH – 2015–
Kaj Leo í Bartalsstovu – FH, ÍBV, Valur, ÍA – 2016–
Sonni Nattestad – FH, Fylkir – 2016
René Joensen – Grindavík – 2017–
Jónas Tór Næs – Valur, ÍBV – 2011–2013, 2017
Pól Jóhannus Justinussen – Valur – 2011
Christian Mouritsen – Valur – 2011
Símun Samuelsen – Keflavík – 2005–2009
Uni Arge – Leiftur, ÍA – 1998–2000
Fróði Benjaminsen – Fram – 2004
Hans Fróði Hansen – Fram – 2004
Jens Martin Knudsen – Leiftur – 1998-2000
Finland
Jan Berg – ÍA – 2013
Denis Abdulahi – Víkingur R. – 2011
France
Cédric D'Ulivo – FH – 2017–
Yacine Si Salem – Grindavík – 2011
Sylvain Soumare – Grindavík – 2009
Gabon
Loic Ondo – Grindavík – 2010, 2012
Gilles Mbang Ondo – Grindavík – 2008–2010
Gambia
Matarr Jobe – Valur – 2012–2014
Ghana
Eric Kwakwa – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2017
Guam
Shawn Nicklaw – Þór Akureyri – 2014
Hungary
Sandor Matus – KA, Þór Akureyri – 2004, 2014
Dávid Disztl – Þór Akureyri – 2011
Iran
Shahab Zahedi – ÍBV – 2017–2018
Ireland
David Elebert – Fylkir – 2012
Diarmuid O'Carroll – Valur – 2010
Ross McLynn - Fram - 2005
Brian O'Callaghan - Keflavík - 2005
Richard Keogh - Víkingur R. - 2004
Charles McCormick - Throttur - 2003
Italy
Giuseppe Funicello – Þór Akureyri – 2013
Ivory Coast
Jean Stéphane Yao Yao – Selfoss – 2010
Jamaica
Duwayne Kerr – Stjarnan – 2016
Kosovo
Avni Pepa – ÍBV – 2015–2017
Benis Krasniqi – Keflavík – 2013
Latvia
Kaspars Ikstens – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013
Maksims Rafaļskis – ÍA – 2013
Lithuania
Eivinas Zagurskas – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2017
Gabrielius Zagurskas – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2017
Arsenij Buinickij – ÍA – 2015
Macedonia
Daniel Ivanovski – Fjölnir – 2015–2016
Goran Jovanovski – Grindavík – 2011
Gjorgi Manevski – Grindavík – 2010
Fikret Alomerović – Valur – 2001
Malaysia
Kiko Insa – Vikingur Ólafsvík, Keflavík – 2013, 2015
Mali
Kassim Doumbia – FH – 2014–2017
Montenegro
Darko Bulatović – KA – 2017
Netherlands
Mees Siers – ÍBV, Fjölnir – 2015–2017
Geoffrey Castillion – Víkingur R., FH, Fylkir 2017–2019
Richard Arends – Keflavík – 2015
Renee Troost – Breiðablik – 2012–2013
Mark Rutgers – KR, Víkingur R. – 2009–2011
New Zealand
Che Bunce – Breiðablik – 1999, 2001
Nicaragua
Renato Punyed – ÍBV – 2017
Northern Ireland
Brian McLean – ÍBV – 2017
Albert Watson - KR - 2018
Norway
Martin Hummervoll – Keflavík, ÍA – 2015–2016
Robert Sandnes – Selfoss, Stjarnan, KR – 2012–2013, 2017
Fredrik Michalsen – Fjölnir – 2017
Ivar Furu – KR – 2014
Tom Skogsrud – ÍBV – 2015
Endre Ove Brenne – Selfoss, Keflavík – 2012–2014
Jonas Grønner – KR – 2013
Steffen Haugland – Fram – 2013
Jon André Røyrane – Selfoss, Fram – 2012–2013
Petar Rnkovic – Breiðablik – 2012
Bernard Brons – Selfoss – 2012
Ivar Skjerve – Selfoss – 2012
Markus Hermo – Selfoss – 2012
Torger Motland – FH – 2010
Lars Ivar Moldskred – KR – 2010
Alexander Søderlund – FH – 2009
André Hansen – KR – 2009
Tor Erik Moen – Grindavík – 2009
Philippines
Ray Anthony Jónsson – Grindavík, Keflavík – 1999–2006, 2008–2014
Poland
Robert Menzel – ÍA – 2017
Patryk Stefański – ÍA – 2017
Tomasz Łuba – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013, 2016–2017
Tomasz Stolpa – Grindavík – 2008
Portugal
Ismael Silva Francisco – Þróttur R. – 2008
São Tomé and Príncipe
Jordão Diogo – KR – 2008–2011
Romania
Constantin Stănici – Valur – 2000–2001
Scotland
Alan Lowing – Fram, Víkingur R. – 2011–
Steven Lennon – Fram, FH – 2011–
Iain Williamson – Grindavík, Valur, ÍA, Víkingur R. – 2012–2016
Robbie Crawford – FH – 2017–
Jordan Halsman – Fram, Breiðablik – 2013–2014
Harry Monaghan – Víkingur R. – 2014
Ian Paul McShane – Grindavík, Fram, Keflavík – 1998–2006, 2008–2012, 2014
Josh Watt – ÍA – 2013
Gavin Morrison – Grindavík – 2012
Scott Mckenna Ramsay – Grindavík, Keflavík – 1998–2002, 2004, 2008–2012
Derek Young – Grindavík – 2011
Jamie McCunnie – Haukar, Grindavík – 2010–2011
Robbie Winters – Grindavík – 2011
Colin Marshall – Víkingur R. – 2011
Greg Ross – Valur – 2010
Barry Smith – Valur – 2006–2008
David Hannah – Grindavík, Fylkir – 2006–2008
Jim Bett – Valur, KR – 1978, 1994
Senegal
Amath Diedhiou – Leiknir R. – 2015
Abdoulaye Ndiaye – Selfoss – 2012
Babacar Sarr – Selfoss – 2012
Moustapha Cissé – Selfoss – 2012
Serbia
Vladimir Tufegdžić – Víkingur R. – 2015–
Igor Tasković – Víkingur R., Fjölnir – 2014–2017
Miloš Žeravica – Grindavík – 2017
Dino Dolmagić – Breiðablik – 2017
Aleksandar Trninić – KA – 2017–
Miloš Ožegović – Víkingur R. – 2017–
Ivica Jovanović – Víkingur R. – 2017
Srđan Rajković – Þór Akureyri, KA – 2011, 2013, 2017
Marko Anđelković – ÍA – 2015
Miloš Živković – Víkingur R. – 2015
Marjan Jugović – Keflavík – 2013
Aleksandar Linta – ÍA, Þór Akureyri – 1997, 2011
Miloš Milojević – Víkingur R. – 2011
Srđan Gašić – Breiðablik – 2006–2008
Nenad Živanović – Breiðablik – 2006–2008
Nenad Petrović – Breiðablik – 2007–2008
Dušan Ivković – Þróttur R. – 2009
Miloš Tanasić – Keflavík, Þróttur R. – 2007, 2009
Sierra Leone
Kwame Quee – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2017
Slovenia
Denis Kramar – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2016
Marko Pridigar – Fylkir – 2016
Janez Vrenko – Þór Akureyri – 2011, 2013–2014
Fuad Gazibegović – Keflavík – 2013
Jernej Leskovar – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013
Denis Selimović – Keflavík – 2012
Gregor Mohar – Keflavík – 2012
Alen Sutej – Keflavík – 2009–2010
Aljoša Gluhovič – Grindavík – 2008
South Africa
Danien Justin Warlem – ÍBV – 2010
Spain
Juan Manuel Ortiz Jiménez – Grindavík – 2017–
Rodrigo Gomes Mateo – Grindavík – 2017–
Fransisco Eduardo Cruz Lemaur – Grindavík – 2017–
Álvaro Montejo – Fylkir, ÍBV – 2016–2017
Alexis Egea – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2016–2017
Alonso Sanchez Gonzalez – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2017
Cristian Martinez Liberato – Vikingur Ólafsvík, KA – 2016–
Ignacio Heras Anglada – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2017
William Dominguez Da Silva – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2016
Sito Seoane – ÍBV, Fykir – 2015–2016
Jonatan Neftalí – Fjölnir – 2015
Samuel Jimenez Hernandez – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013, 2015
Toni Espinosa – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013
Juanma Torres – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013
Sergio Lloves – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2013
Jorge Corella Garcia – ÍA – 2013
Hector Pena – ÍA – 2013
Alexandre Garcia Canedo – Haukar – 2010
Sweden
Johannes Vall – Valur, ÍA – 2021, 2022
Viktor Adebahr – ÍBV – 2017
Linus Olsson – Fjölnir – 2017
Mirza Mujčić – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2017
Pontus Nordenberg – Vikingur Ólafsvík – 2016
Billy Berntsson – Valur – 2014
Lucas Ohlander – Valur – 2013–2014
Sadmir Zekovic – Fylkir – 2014
Jonas Sandqvist – Keflavík – 2014
Isak Nylén – ÍBV – 2014
Emil Berger – Fylkir, Leiknir Reykjavík – 2013, 2021-2022
Joakim Wrele – ÍA – 2013
Mikael Eklund – Grindavík – 2012
Ismet Duracak – Selfoss – 2012
Adam Larsson – Keflavík – 2011
Martin Dohlsten – Selfoss – 2010
Patrik Redo – Fram, Keflavík – 2007–2008
Kenneth Gustafsson – Keflavík – 2005–2008
Eric Gustavsson – Fylkir– 2005
Switzerland
Guy Eschmann – Fylkir – 2013
Togo
Farid Zato-Arouna – Vikingur Ólafsvík, KR, Keflavík – 2013– 2017
Trinidad and Tobago
Jonathan Glenn – ÍBV, Breiðablik, Fylkir – 2014–2016, 2018
Dominic Adams – ÍBV – 2014–2015
Uganda
Tony Mawejje – ÍBV, Valur, Þróttur R. – 2009–2014, 2016
Abel Dhaira – ÍBV – 2011–2012, 2014–2015
Aziz Kemba – ÍBV – 2013
Andrew Mwesigwa – ÍBV – 2006, 2009
Augustine Nsumba – ÍBV – 2009
Ukraine
Denis Sytnik – ÍBV – 2010–2011
United States of America
Dion Acoff – Þróttur R., Valur – 2016–
William Daniels – Grindavík – 2017–
Mark Magee – Fjölnir – 2014–2015
Chukwudi Chijindu – Þór Akureyri, Keflavík – 2013–2015
Sean Reynolds – FH – 2014
Ryan Maduro – Fylkir – 2014
Andrew Sousa – Fylkir – 2014
Matthew Ratajczak – Fjölnir – 2014
Chris Tsonis – Fjölnir – 2014
Josh Wicks – Þór Akureyri – 2013
Evan Schwartz – Breiðablik – 2009
Uruguay
Gonzalo Balbi – KR – 2014–2015
Wales
Rhys Weston – KR – 2012
Richard Hurlin – Stjarnan – 2009
Notes
Sources
ksi.is
Iceland
Association football player non-biographical articles |
The Regenkreis, with Straubing and later Regensburg as its capital, existed between 1806 and 1837 as one of the 15 districts of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Between 1806 and 1808, the Kingdom of Bavaria was divided into 15 (state) districts named after rivers. In English, Regenkreis means "District of Regen" and was named after the Regen River which flowed through the district. Regenkreis was the predecessor of the Regierungsbezirks Oberpfalz (Administrative Regional District of Upper Palatinate).
Independent cities
Amberg (from 1810)
Regensburg (from 1810)
Straubing
Subdivisions
The district was divided in the following judicial districts (Landgerichte = LG), according to the original borders of the districts of the former territories (Herrschaftsgerichte = HG):
Abensberg
Amberg (from 1810)
Barbing (briefly 1811)
Burglengenfeld
Cham
Hemau
Kastl (from 1810)
Kelheim
Kötzting
Laberweinting HG (from 1814)
Mitterfels
Nabburg (from 1810)
Neunburg vorm Wald (from 1810)
Parsberg
Pfaffenberg
Regenstauf (from 1811)
Riedenburg (from 1810)
Roding (from 1814)
Stadtamhof
Straubing (until 1810)
Sulzbach (from 1810)
Viechtach
Vohenstrauß (from 1810)
Waldmünchen (from 1810)
Wetterfeld
Winklarn HG (from 1814)
Wörth (an der Donau) LG (1811-1814, then HG)
Zaitzkofen HG (from 1813)
History
In the years between 1806 and 1808 the Kingdom of Bavaria was divided in 15 (state) districts, whose names were taken from their rivers. The Regenkreis was initially composed of 13 rural divisions and, since 1809, of the independent city of Straubing. In 1810 it was greatly enlarged to include the Principality of Regensburg. Thereafter Regensburg was the headquarters of the District Commissioners-General (Generalkreiskommissariats). But the Regenkreis also gave areas to the Unterdonaukreis. At the request of King Ludwig I, the Territorial Reorganization (Gebietsreform) of 29 November 1837 was made by changing the name of the Regenkreis to the “Kreis Oberpfalz und Regensburg” [District of the Upper Palatinate and Regensburg], now “Oberpfalz”.
Literature
(de) Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799 - 1980 [Guide of the Bavarian Districts, Municipalities and Courts 1799 - 1980], written by Richard Bauer, Reinhard Heydenreuter, Gerhard Heyl, Emma Mages, Max Piendl, August Scherl, Bernhard Zittel and edited by Wilhelm Volkert, Senior Professor at the University of Regensburg, Munich, 1983,
Kingdom of Bavaria |
Bartolomé de las Casas, OP ( ; ; 11 November 1484 – 18 July 1566) was a Spanish clergyman, writer and activist best known for his work as a historian and social reformer. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman, then became a Dominican friar. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.
Arriving as one of the first Spanish settlers in the Americas, Las Casas initially participated in, but eventually felt compelled to oppose the abuses committed by European colonists against the indigenous peoples of the Americas. As a result, in 1515 he gave up his Native American slaves and encomienda, and advocated, before Charles V, on behalf of rights for the natives. In his early writings, he advocated the use of African and white slaves instead of Natives in the West Indian colonies but did so without knowing that the Portuguese were carrying out "brutal and unjust wars in the name of spreading the faith". Later in life, he retracted this position, as he regarded both forms of slavery as equally wrong. In 1522, he tried to launch a new kind of peaceful colonialism on the coast of Venezuela, but this venture failed. Las Casas entered the Dominican Order and became a friar, leaving public life for a decade. He traveled to Central America, acting as a missionary among the Maya of Guatemala and participating in debates among colonial churchmen about how best to bring the natives to the Christian faith.
Travelling back to Spain to recruit more missionaries, he continued lobbying for the abolition of the encomienda, gaining an important victory by the passage of the New Laws in 1542. He was appointed Bishop of Chiapas, but served only for a short time before he was forced to return to Spain because of resistance to the New Laws by the encomenderos, and conflicts with Spanish settlers because of his pro-Indian policies and activist religious stance. He served in the Spanish court for the remainder of his life; there he held great influence over Indies-related issues. In 1550, he participated in the Valladolid debate, in which Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda argued that the Indians were less than human, and required Spanish masters to become civilized. Las Casas maintained that they were fully human, and that forcefully subjugating them was unjustifiable.
Bartolomé de las Casas spent 50 years of his life actively fighting slavery and the colonial abuse of indigenous peoples, especially by trying to convince the Spanish court to adopt a more humane policy of colonization. Unlike some other priests who sought to destroy the indigenous peoples' native books and writings, he strictly opposed this action. Although he did not completely succeed in changing Spanish views on colonization, his efforts did result in improvement of the legal status of the natives, and in an increased colonial focus on the ethics of colonialism.
Life and time
Background and arrival in the New World
Bartolomé de las Casas was born in Seville in 1484, on 11 November. For centuries, Las Casas's birthdate was believed to be 1474; however, in the 1970s, scholars conducting archival work demonstrated this to be an error, after uncovering in the Archivo General de Indias records of a contemporary lawsuit that demonstrated he was born a decade later than had been supposed. Subsequent biographers and authors have generally accepted and reflected this revision. His father, Pedro de las Casas, a merchant, descended from one of the families that had migrated from France to found the Christian Seville; his family also spelled the name Casaus. According to one biographer, his family was of converso heritage, although others refer to them as ancient Christians who migrated from France. Following the testimony of Las Casas's biographer Antonio de Remesal, tradition has it that Las Casas studied a licentiate at Salamanca, but this is never mentioned in Las Casas's own writings.
Las Casas' first encounter with Indigenous peoples happened before he even sailed to the Americas. In his Historia general de las Indias, he wrote of Christopher Columbus' return to Seville, in 1493. Las Casas recorded having seen "seven Indians" in the entourage of Christopher Columbus, being exhibited in the vicinity of the Iglesia de San Nicolás de Bari, along with "beautiful green parrots, vibrant in color" and Indigenous artifacts. Pedro de Las Casas, Bartolomé's merchant father, left in Christopher Columbus' second expedition. Upon his return, in 1499, Pedro de Las Casas brought to his son "a young Amerinidian."
Three years later, in 1502, Las Casas immigrated with his father to the island of Hispaniola, on the expedition of Nicolás de Ovando. Las Casas became a hacendado and slave owner, receiving a piece of land in the province of Cibao. He participated in slave raids and military expeditions against the native Taíno population of Hispaniola. In 1506, he returned to Spain and completed his studies of canon law at Salamanca. That same year, he was ordained a deacon and then traveled to Rome, where he was ordained a secular priest in 1507.
In September 1510, a group of Dominican friars arrived in Santo Domingo led by Pedro de Córdoba; appalled by the injustices they saw committed by the slaveowners against the Indians, they decided to deny slave owners the right to confession. Las Casas was among those denied confession for this reason. In December 1511, a Dominican preacher Fray Antonio de Montesinos preached a fiery sermon that implicated the colonists in the genocide of the native peoples. He is said to have preached: "Tell me by what right of justice do you hold these Indians in such a cruel and horrible servitude? On what authority have you waged such detestable wars against these people who dealt quietly and peacefully on their own lands? Wars in which you have destroyed such an infinite number of them by homicides and slaughters never heard of before. Why do you keep them so oppressed and exhausted, without giving them enough to eat or curing them of the sicknesses they incur from the excessive labor you give them, and they die, or rather you kill them, in order to extract and acquire gold every day." Las Casas himself argued against the Dominicans in favor of the justice of the encomienda. The colonists, led by Diego Columbus, dispatched a complaint against the Dominicans to the King, and the Dominicans were recalled from Hispaniola.
Conquest of Cuba and change of heart
In 1513, as a chaplain, Las Casas participated in Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar's and Pánfilo de Narváez' conquest of Cuba. He participated in campaigns at Bayamo and Camagüey and in the massacre of Hatuey. He witnessed many atrocities committed by Spaniards against the native Ciboney and Guanahatabey peoples. He later wrote: "I saw here cruelty on a scale no living being has ever seen or expects to see." Las Casas and his friend Pedro de la Rentería were awarded a joint encomienda which was rich in gold and slaves, located on the Arimao River close to Cienfuegos. During the next few years, he divided his time between being a colonist and his duties as an ordained priest.
In 1514, Las Casas was studying a passage in the book Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 34:18–22 for a Pentecost sermon and pondering its meaning. Las Casas was finally convinced that all the actions of the Spanish in the New World had been illegal and that they constituted a great injustice. He made up his mind to give up his slaves and encomienda, and started to preach that other colonists should do the same. When his preaching met with resistance, he realized that he would have to go to Spain to fight there against the enslavement and abuse of the native people. Aided by Pedro de Córdoba and accompanied by Antonio de Montesinos, he left for Spain in September 1515, arriving in Seville in November.
Las Casas and King Ferdinand
Las Casas arrived in Spain with the plan of convincing the King to end the encomienda system. This was easier thought than done, as most of the people who were in positions of power were themselves either encomenderos or otherwise profiting from the influx of wealth from the Indies. In the winter of 1515, King Ferdinand lay ill in Plasencia, but Las Casas was able to get a letter of introduction to the king from the Archbishop of Seville, Diego de Deza. On Christmas Eve of 1515, Las Casas met the monarch and discussed the situation in the Indies with him; the king agreed to hear him out in more detail at a later date. While waiting, Las Casas produced a report that he presented to the Bishop of Burgos, Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, and secretary Lope Conchillos, who were functionaries in complete charge of the royal policies regarding the Indies; both were encomenderos. They were not impressed by his account, and Las Casas had to find a different avenue of change. He put his faith in his coming audience with the king, but it never came, for King Ferdinand died on 25 January 1516. The regency of Castile passed on to Ximenez Cisneros and Adrian of Utrecht who were guardians for the under-age Prince Charles. Las Casas was resolved to see Prince Charles who resided in Flanders, but on his way there he passed Madrid and delivered to the regents a written account of the situation in the Indies and his proposed remedies. This was his "Memorial de Remedios para Las Indias" of 1516. In this early work, Las Casas advocated importing black slaves from Africa to relieve the suffering Indians, a stance he later retracted, becoming an advocate for the Africans in the colonies as well. This shows that Las Casas's first concern was not to end slavery as an institution, but to end the physical abuse and suffering of the Indians. In keeping with the legal and moral doctrine of the time Las Casas believed that slavery could be justified if it was the result of Just War, and at the time he assumed that the enslavement of Africans was justified. Worried by Las Casas' descriptions of the situation in the Indies, Cardinal Cisneros decided to send a group of Hieronymite monks to take over the government of the islands.
Protector of the Indians
Three Hieronymite monks, Luis de Figueroa, Bernardino de Manzanedo, and Alonso de Santo Domingo, were selected as commissioners to take over the authority of the Indies. Las Casas had a considerable part in selecting them and writing the instructions under which their new government would be instated, largely based on Las Casas's memorial. Las Casas himself was granted the official title of Protector of the Indians, and given a yearly salary of one hundred pesos. In this new office Las Casas was expected to serve as an advisor to the new governors with regard to Indian issues, to speak the case of the Indians in court, and send reports back to Spain. Las Casas and the commissioners traveled to Santo Domingo on separate ships, and Las Casas arrived two weeks later than the Hieronimytes. During this time the Hieronimytes had time to form a more pragmatic view of the situation than the one advocated by Las Casas; their position was precarious as every encomendero on the Islands was fiercely against any attempts to curtail their use of native labor. Consequently, the commissioners were unable to take any radical steps towards improving the situation of the natives. They did revoke some encomiendas from Spaniards, especially those who were living in Spain and not on the islands themselves; they even repossessed the encomienda of Fonseca, the Bishop of Burgos. They also carried out an inquiry into the Indian question at which all the encomenderos asserted that the Indians were quite incapable of living freely without their supervision. Las Casas was disappointed and infuriated. When he accused the Hieronymites of being complicit in kidnapping Indians, the relationship between Las Casas and the commissioners broke down. Las Casas had become a hated figure by Spaniards all over the islands, and he had to seek refuge in the Dominican monastery. The Dominicans had been the first to indict the encomenderos, and they continued to chastise them and refuse the absolution of confession to slave owners, and even stated that priests who took their confession were committing a mortal sin. In May 1517, Las Casas was forced to travel back to Spain to denounce to the regent the failure of the Hieronymite reforms. Only after Las Casas had left did the Hieronymites begin to congregate Indians into towns similar to what Las Casas had wanted.
Las Casas and Emperor Charles V: The peasant colonization scheme
When he arrived in Spain, his former protector, regent, and Cardinal Ximenez Cisneros, was ill and had become tired of Las Casas's tenacity. Las Casas resolved to meet instead with the young king Charles I. Ximenez died on 8 November, and the young King arrived in Valladolid on 25 November 1517. Las Casas managed to secure the support of the king's Flemish courtiers, including the powerful Chancellor Jean de la Sauvage. Las Casas's influence turned the favor of the court against Secretary Conchillos and Bishop Fonseca. Sauvage spoke highly of Las Casas to the king, who appointed Las Casas and Sauvage to write a new plan for reforming the governmental system of the Indies.
Las Casas suggested a plan where the encomienda would be abolished and Indians would be congregated into self-governing townships to become tribute-paying vassals of the king. He still suggested that the loss of Indian labor for the colonists could be replaced by allowing importation of African slaves. Another important part of the plan was to introduce a new kind of sustainable colonization, and Las Casas advocated supporting the migration of Spanish peasants to the Indies where they would introduce small-scale farming and agriculture, a kind of colonization that did not rely on resource depletion and Indian labor. Las Casas worked to recruit a large number of peasants who would want to travel to the islands, where they would be given lands to farm, cash advances, and the tools and resources they needed to establish themselves there. The recruitment drive was difficult, and during the process the power relation shifted at court when Chancellor Sauvage, Las Casas's main supporter, unexpectedly died. In the end a much smaller number of peasant families were sent than originally planned, and they were supplied with insufficient provisions and no support secured for their arrival. Those who survived the journey were ill-received, and had to work hard even to survive in the hostile colonies. Las Casas was devastated by the tragic result of his peasant migration scheme, which he felt had been thwarted by his enemies. He decided instead to undertake a personal venture which would not rely on the support of others, and fought to win a land grant on the American mainland which was in its earliest stage of colonization.
The Cumaná venture
Following a suggestion by his friend and mentor Pedro de Córdoba, Las Casas petitioned a land grant to be allowed to establish a settlement in northern Venezuela at Cumaná. Founded in 1515, there was already a small Franciscan monastery in Cumana, and a Dominican one at Chiribichi, but the monks there were being harassed by Spaniards operating slave raids from the nearby Island of Cubagua. To make the proposal palatable to the king, Las Casas had to incorporate the prospect of profits for the royal treasury. He suggested fortifying the northern coast of Venezuela, establishing ten royal forts to protect the Indians and starting up a system of trade in gold and pearls. All the Indian slaves of the New World should be brought to live in these towns and become tribute paying subjects to the king. To secure the grant, Las Casas had to go through a long court fight against Bishop Fonseca and his supporters Gonzalo de Oviedo and Bishop Quevedo of Tierra Firme. Las Casas's supporters were Diego Columbus and the new chancellor Gattinara. Las Casas's enemies slandered him to the king, accusing him of planning to escape with the money to Genoa or Rome. In 1520 Las Casas's concession was finally granted, but it was a much smaller grant than he had initially proposed; he was also denied the possibilities of extracting gold and pearls, which made it difficult for him to find investors for the venture. Las Casas committed himself to producing 15,000 ducats of annual revenue, increasing to 60,000 after ten years, and to erecting three Christian towns of at least 40 settlers each. Some privileges were also granted to the initial 50 shareholders in Las Casas's scheme. The king also promised not to give any encomienda grants in Las Casas's area. That said, finding fifty men willing to invest 200 ducats each and three years of unpaid work proved impossible for Las Casas. He ended up leaving in November 1520 with just a small group of peasants, paying for the venture with money borrowed from his brother in-law.
Arriving in Puerto Rico, in January 1521, he received the terrible news that the Dominican convent at Chiribichi had been sacked by Indians, and that the Spaniards of the islands had launched a punitive expedition, led by Gonzalo de Ocampo, into the very heart of the territory that Las Casas wanted to colonize peacefully. The Indians had been provoked to attack the settlement of the monks because of the repeated slave raids by Spaniards operating from Cubagua. As Ocampo's ships began returning with slaves from the land Las Casas had been granted, he went to Hispaniola to complain to the Audiencia. After several months of negotiations Las Casas set sail alone; the peasants he had brought had deserted, and he arrived in his colony already ravaged by Spaniards.
Las Casas worked there in adverse conditions for the following months, being constantly harassed by the Spanish pearl fishers of Cubagua island who traded slaves for alcohol with the natives. Early in 1522, Las Casas left the settlement to complain to the authorities. While he was gone the native Caribs attacked the settlement of Cumaná, burned it to the ground, and killed four of Las Casas's men. He returned to Hispaniola in January 1522, and heard the news of the massacre. The rumours even included him among the dead. To make matters worse, his detractors used the event as evidence of the need to pacify the Indians using military means.
Las Casas as a Dominican friar
Devastated, Las Casas reacted by entering the Dominican monastery of Santa Cruz in Santo Domingo as a novice in 1522 and finally taking holy vows as a Dominican friar in 1523. There he continued his theological studies, being particularly attracted to Thomist philosophy. He oversaw the construction of a monastery in Puerto Plata on the north coast of Hispaniola, subsequently serving as prior of the convent. In 1527 he began working on his History of the Indies, in which he reported much of what he had witnessed first hand in the conquest and colonization of New Spain. In 1531, he wrote a letter to Garcia Manrique, Count of Osorno, protesting again the mistreatment of the Indians and advocating a return to his original reform plan of 1516. In 1531, a complaint was sent by the encomenderos of Hispaniola that Las Casas was again accusing them of mortal sins from the pulpit. In 1533 he contributed to the establishment of a peace treaty between the Spanish and the rebel Taíno band of chief Enriquillo. In 1534, Las Casas made an attempt to travel to Peru to observe the first stages of conquest of that region by Francisco Pizarro. His party made it as far as Panama, but had to turn back to Nicaragua due to adverse weather. Lingering for a while in the Dominican convent of Granada, he got into conflict with Rodrigo de Contreras, Governor of Nicaragua, when Las Casas vehemently opposed slaving expeditions by the Governor. In 1536, Las Casas followed a number of friars to Guatemala, where they began to prepare to undertake a mission among the Maya Indians. They stayed in the convent founded some years earlier by Fray Domingo Betanzos and studied the Kʼicheʼ language with Bishop Francisco Marroquín, before traveling into the interior region called Tuzulutlan, "The Land of War", in 1537.
Also in 1536, before venturing into Tuzulutlan, Las Casas went to Oaxaca, Mexico, to participate in a series of discussions and debates among the bishops of the Dominican and Franciscan orders. The two orders had very different approaches to the conversion of the Indians. The Franciscans used a method of mass conversion, sometimes baptizing many thousands of Indians in a day. This method was championed by prominent Franciscans such as Toribio de Benavente, known as "Motolinia", and Las Casas made many enemies among the Franciscans for arguing that conversions made without adequate understanding were invalid. Las Casas wrote a treatise called "De unico vocationis modo" (On the Only Way of Conversion) based on the missionary principles he had used in Guatemala. Motolinia would later be a fierce critic of Las Casas, accusing him of being all talk and no action when it came to converting the Indians. As a direct result of the debates between the Dominicans and Franciscans and spurred on by Las Casas's treatise, Pope Paul III promulgated the Bull "Sublimis Deus," which stated that the Indians were rational beings and should be brought peacefully to the faith as such.
Las Casas returned to Guatemala in 1537 wanting to employ his new method of conversion based on two principles: 1) to preach the Gospel to all men and treat them as equals, and 2) to assert that conversion must be voluntary and based on knowledge and understanding of the faith. It was important for Las Casas that this method be tested without meddling from secular colonists, so he chose a territory in the heart of Guatemala where there were no previous colonies and where the natives were considered fierce and war-like. Because the land had not been possible to conquer by military means, the governor of Guatemala, Alonso de Maldonado, agreed to sign a contract promising that if the venture was successful he would not establish any new encomiendas in the area. Las Casas's group of friars established a Dominican presence in Rabinal, Sacapulas, and Cobán. Through the efforts of Las Casas's missionaries the so-called "Land of War" came to be called "Verapaz", "True Peace". Las Casas's strategy was to teach Christian songs to merchant Indian Christians who then ventured into the area. In this way he was successful in converting several native chiefs, among them those of Atitlán and Chichicastenango, and in building several churches in the territory named Alta Verapaz. These congregated a group of Christian Indians in the location of what is now the town of Rabinal. In 1538 Las Casas was recalled from his mission by Bishop Marroquín who wanted him to go to Mexico and then on to Spain to seek more Dominicans to assist in the mission. Las Casas left Guatemala for Mexico, where he stayed for more than a year before setting out for Spain in 1540.
The New Laws
In Spain, Las Casas started securing official support for the Guatemalan mission, and he managed to get a royal decree forbidding secular intrusion into the Verapaces for the following five years. He also informed the Theologians of Salamanca, led by Francisco de Vitoria, of the mass baptism practiced by the Franciscans, resulting in a dictum condemning the practice as sacrilegious.
But apart from the clerical business, Las Casas had also traveled to Spain for his own purpose: to continue the struggle against the colonists' mistreatment of the Indians. The encomienda had, in fact, legally been abolished in 1523, but it had been reinstituted in 1526, and in 1530 a general ordinance against slavery was reversed by the Crown. For this reason it was a pressing matter for Bartolomé de las Casas to plead once again for the Indians with Charles V who was by now Holy Roman Emperor and no longer a boy. He wrote a letter asking for permission to stay in Spain a little longer to argue for the emperor that conversion and colonization were best achieved by peaceful means.
When the hearings started in 1542, Las Casas presented a narrative of atrocities against the natives of the Indies that would later be published in 1552 as A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Before a council consisting of Cardinal García de Loaysa, the Count of Osorno, Bishop Fuenleal, and several members of the Council of the Indies, Las Casas argued that the only solution to the problem was to remove all Indians from the care of secular Spaniards, by abolishing the encomienda system and putting them instead directly under the Crown as royal tribute-paying subjects. On 20 November 1542, the emperor signed the New Laws abolishing the encomiendas and removing certain officials from the Council of the Indies. The New Laws made it illegal to use Indians as carriers, except where no other transport was available, it prohibited all taking of Indians as slaves, and it instated a gradual abolition of the encomienda system, with each encomienda reverting to the Crown at the death of its holders. It also exempted the few surviving Indians of Hispaniola, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Jamaica from tribute and all requirements of personal service. However, the reforms were so unpopular in the New World that riots broke out and threats were made against Las Casas's life. The Viceroy of New Spain, himself an encomendero, decided not to implement the laws in his domain, and instead sent a party to Spain to argue against the laws on behalf of the encomenderos. Las Casas himself was also not satisfied with the laws, as they were not drastic enough and the encomienda system was going to function for many years still under the gradual abolition plan. He drafted a suggestion for an amendment arguing that the laws against slavery were formulated in such a way that it presupposed that violent conquest would still be carried out, and he encouraged once again beginning a phase of peaceful colonization by peasants instead of soldiers.
Bishop of Chiapas
Before Las Casas returned to Spain, he was also appointed as Bishop of Chiapas, a newly established diocese of which he took possession in 1545 upon his return to the New World. He was consecrated in the Dominican Church of San Pablo on 30 March 1544. As Archbishop Loaysa strongly disliked Las Casas, the ceremony was officiated by Loaysa's nephew, Diego de Loaysa, Bishop of Modruš, with Pedro Torres, Titular Bishop of Arbanum, and Cristóbal de Pedraza, Bishop of Comayagua, as co-consecrators. As a bishop Las Casas was involved in frequent conflicts with the encomenderos and secular laity of his diocese: among the landowners there was the conquistador Bernal Díaz del Castillo. In a pastoral letter issued on 20 March 1545, Las Casas refused absolution to slave owners and encomenderos even on their death bed, unless all their slaves had been set free and their property returned to them. Las Casas furthermore threatened that anyone who mistreated Indians within his jurisdiction would be excommunicated. He also came into conflict with the Bishop of Guatemala Francisco Marroquín, to whose jurisdiction the diocese had previously belonged. To Las Casas's dismay Bishop Marroquín openly defied the New Laws. While bishop, Las Casas was the principal consecrator of Antonio de Valdivieso, Bishop of Nicaragua (1544).
The New Laws were finally repealed on 20 October 1545, and riots broke out against Las Casas, with shots being fired against him by angry colonists. After a year he had made himself so unpopular among the Spaniards of the area that he had to leave. Having been summoned to a meeting among the bishops of New Spain to be held in Mexico City on 12 January 1546, he left his diocese, never to return. At the meeting, probably after lengthy reflection, and realizing that the New Laws were lost in Mexico, Las Casas presented a moderated view on the problems of confession and restitution of property, Archbishop Juan de Zumárraga of Mexico and Bishop Julián Garcés of Puebla agreed completely with his new moderate stance, Bishop Vasco de Quiroga of Michoacán had minor reservations, and Bishops Francisco Marroquín of Guatemala and Juan Lopez de Zárate of Oaxaca did not object. This resulted in a new resolution to be presented to viceroy Mendoza. His last act as Bishop of Chiapas was writing a confesionario, a manual for the administration of the sacrament of confession in his diocese, still refusing absolution to unrepentant encomenderos. Las Casas appointed a vicar for his diocese and set out for Europe in December 1546, arriving in Lisbon in April 1547 and in Spain on November 1547.
The Valladolid debate
Las Casas returned to Spain, leaving behind many conflicts and unresolved issues. Arriving in Spain he was met by a barrage of accusations, many of them based on his Confesionario and its 12 rules, which many of his opponents found to be in essence a denial of the legitimacy of Spanish rule of its colonies, and hence a form of treason. The Crown had for example received a fifth of the large number of slaves taken in the recent Mixtón War, and so could not be held clean of guilt under Las Casas's strict rules. In 1548, the Crown decreed that all copies of Las Casas's Confesionario be burnt, and his Franciscan adversary, Motolinia, obliged and sent back a report to Spain. Las Casas defended himself by writing two treatises on the "Just Title" – arguing that the only legality with which the Spaniards could claim titles over realms in the New World was through peaceful proselytizing. All warfare was illegal and unjust and only through the papal mandate of peacefully bringing Christianity to heathen peoples could "Just Titles" be acquired.
As a part of Las Casas's defense by offense, he had to argue against Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda. Sepúlveda was a doctor of theology and law who, in his book Democrates Alter, sive de justis causis apud Indos (Another Democrates, or A New Democrates, or on the Just Causes of War against the Indians) had argued that some native peoples were incapable of ruling themselves and should be pacified forcefully. The book was deemed unsound for publication by the theologians of Salamanca and Alcalá for containing unsound doctrine, but the pro-encomendero faction seized on Sepúlveda as their intellectual champion.
To settle the issues, a formal debate was organized, the famous Valladolid debate, which took place in 1550–51 with Sepúlveda and Las Casas each presenting their arguments in front of a council of jurists and theologians. First Sepúlveda read the conclusions of his Democrates Alter, and then the council listened to Las Casas read his counterarguments in the form of an "Apología". Sepúlveda argued that the subjugation of certain Indians was warranted because of their sins against Natural Law; that their low level of civilization required civilized masters to maintain social order; that they should be made Christian and that this in turn required them to be pacified; and that only the Spanish could defend weak Indians against the abuses of the stronger ones. Las Casas countered that the scriptures did not in fact support war against all heathens, only against certain Canaanite tribes; that the Indians were not at all uncivilized nor lacking social order; that peaceful mission was the only true way of converting the natives; and finally that some weak Indians suffering at the hands of stronger ones was preferable to all Indians suffering at the hands of Spaniards.
The judge, Fray Domingo de Soto, summarised the arguments. Sepúlveda addressed Las Casas's arguments with twelve refutations, which were again countered by Las Casas. The judges then deliberated on the arguments presented for several months before coming to a verdict. The verdict was inconclusive, and both debaters claimed that they had won.
In 1552, Las Casas published A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. This book, written a decade earlier and sent to the attention of then-prince Philip II of Spain, contained accounts of the abuses committed by some Spaniards against Native Americans during the early stages of colonization. In 1555 his old Franciscan adversary Toribio de Benavente Motolinia wrote a letter in which he described Las Casas as an ignorant, arrogant troublemaker. Benavente described indignantly how Las Casas had once denied baptism to an aging Indian who had walked many leagues to receive it, only on the grounds that he did not believe that the man had received sufficient doctrinal instruction. This letter, which reinvoked the old conflict over the requirements for the sacrament of baptism between the two orders, was intended to bring Las Casas in disfavour. However, it did not succeed.
Later years and death
Having resigned the Bishopric of Chiapas, Las Casas spent the rest of his life working closely with the imperial court in matters relating to the Indies. In 1551 he rented a cell at the College of San Gregorio, where he lived with his assistant and friend Fray Rodrigo de Ladrada. He continued working as a kind of procurator for the natives of the Indies, many of whom directed petitions to him to speak to the emperor on their behalf. Sometimes indigenous nobility even related their cases to him in Spain, for example, the Nahua noble Francisco Tenamaztle from Nochistlán. His influence at court was so great that some even considered that he had the final word in choosing the members of the Council of the Indies.
One matter in which he invested much effort was the political situation of the Viceroyalty of Peru. In Peru, power struggles between conquistadors and the viceroy became an open civil war in which the conquistadors led by Gonzalo Pizarro rebelled against the New Laws and defeated and executed the viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela in 1546. The emperor sent Pedro de la Gasca, a friend of Las Casas, to reinstate the rule of law, and he in turn defeated Pizarro. To restabilize the political situation the encomenderos started pushing not only for the repeal of the New Laws, but for turning the encomiendas into perpetual patrimony of the encomenderos – the worst possible outcome from Las Casas's point of view. The encomenderos offered to buy the rights to the encomiendas from the Crown, and Charles V was inclined to accept since his wars had left him in deep economic troubles. Las Casas worked hard to convince the emperor that it would be a bad economic decision, that it would return the viceroyalty to the brink of open rebellion, and could result in the Crown losing the colony entirely. The emperor, probably because of the doubts caused by Las Casas's arguments, never took a final decision on the issue of the encomiendas.
In 1561, he finished his Historia de las Indias and signed it over to the College of San Gregorio, stipulating that it could not be published until after forty years. In fact it was not published for 314 years, until 1875. He also had to repeatedly defend himself against accusations of treason: someone, possibly Sepúlveda, denounced him to the Spanish Inquisition, but nothing came from the case. Las Casas also appeared as a witness in the case of the Inquisition for his friend Archbishop Bartolomé Carranza de Miranda, who had been falsely accused of heresy. In 1565, he wrote his last will, signing over his immense library to the college. Bartolomé de Las Casas died on 18 July 1566, in Madrid.
Works
Memorial de Remedios para las Indias
The text, written 1516, starts by describing its purpose: to present "The remedies that seem necessary in order that the evil and harm that exists in the Indies cease, and that God and our Lord the Prince may draw greater benefits than hitherto, and that the republic may be better preserved and consoled."
Las Casas's first proposed remedy was a complete moratorium on the use of Indian labor in the Indies until such time as better regulations of it were set in place. This was meant simply to halt the decimation of the Indian population and to give the surviving Indians time to reconstitute themselves. Las Casas feared that at the rate the exploitation was proceeding it would be too late to hinder their annihilation unless action were taken rapidly. The second was a change in the labor policy so that instead of a colonist owning the labor of specific Indians, he would have a right to man-hours, to be carried out by no specific persons. This required the establishment of self-governing Indian communities on the land of colonists – who would themselves organize to provide the labor for their patron. The colonist would only have rights to a certain portion of the total labor, so that a part of the Indians were always resting and taking care of the sick. He proposed 12 other remedies, all having the specific aim of improving the situation for the Indians and limiting the powers that colonists were able to exercise over them.
The second part of the Memorial described suggestions for the social and political organization of Indian communities relative to colonial ones. Las Casas advocated the dismantlement of the city of Asunción and the subsequent gathering of Indians into communities of about 1,000 Indians to be situated as satellites of Spanish towns or mining areas. Here, Las Casas argued, Indians could be better governed, better taught and indoctrinated in the Christian faith, and would be easier to protect from abuse than if they were in scattered settlements. Each town would have a royal hospital built with four wings in the shape of a cross, where up to 200 sick Indians could be cared for at a time. He described in detail social arrangements, distribution of work, how provisions would be divided and even how table manners were to be introduced. Regarding expenses, he argued that "this should not seem expensive or difficult, because after all, everything comes from them [the Indians] and they work for it and it is theirs." He even drew up a budget of each pueblo's expenses to cover wages for administrators, clerics, Bachelors of Latin, doctors, surgeons, pharmacists, advocates, ranchers, miners, muleteers, hospitalers, pig herders, fishermen, etc.
A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies () is an account written in 1542 (published in Seville in 1552) about the mistreatment of the indigenous peoples of the Americas in colonial times and sent to then-Prince Philip II of Spain.
One of the stated purposes for writing the account was Las Casas's fear of Spain coming under divine punishment and his concern for the souls of the native peoples. The account was one of the first attempts by a Spanish writer of the colonial era to depict the unfair treatment that the indigenous people endured during the early stages of the Spanish conquest of the Greater Antilles, particularly the island of Hispaniola. Las Casas's point of view can be described as being heavily against some of the Spanish methods of colonization, which, as he described them, inflicted great losses on the indigenous occupants of the islands. In addition, his critique towards the colonizers served to bring awareness to his audience on the true meaning of Christianity, to dismantle any misconceptions on evangelization. His account was largely responsible for the adoption of the New Laws of 1542, which abolished native slavery for the first time in European colonial history and led to the Valladolid debate.
The book became an important element in the creation and propagation of the so-called Black Legend – the tradition of describing the Spanish empire as exceptionally morally corrupt and violent. It was republished several times by groups that were critical of the Spanish realm for political or religious reasons. The first edition in translation was published in Dutch in 1578, during the religious persecution of Dutch Protestants by the Spanish crown, followed by editions in French (1578), English (1583), and German (1599) – all countries where religious wars were raging. The first edition published in Spain after Las Casas's death appeared in Barcelona during the Catalan Revolt of 1646. The book was banned by the Aragonese inquisition in 1659.
The images described by Las Casas were later depicted by Theodore de Bry in copper plate engravings that served as a medium of the Black Legend against Spain.
Apologetic History of the Indies
The Apologetic Summary History of the People of These Indies () was first written as the 68th chapter of the General History of the Indies, but Las Casas changed it into a volume of its own, recognizing that the material was not historical. The material contained in the Apologetic History is primarily ethnographic accounts of the indigenous cultures of the Indies – the Taíno, the Ciboney, and the Guanahatabey, but it also contains descriptions of many of the other indigenous cultures that Las Casas learned about through his travels and readings. The history is apologetic because it is written as a defense of the cultural level of the Indians, arguing throughout that indigenous peoples of the Americas were just as civilized as the Roman, Greek and Egyptian civilizationsand more civilized than some European civilizations. It was in essence a comparative ethnography comparing practices and customs of European and American cultures and evaluating them according to whether they were good or bad, seen from a Christian viewpoint.
He wrote: "I have declared and demonstrated openly and concluded, from chapter 22 to the end of this whole book, that all people of these our Indies are human, so far as is possible by the natural and human way and without the light of faith – had their republics, places, towns, and cities most abundant and well provided for, and did not lack anything to live politically and socially, and attain and enjoy civil happiness.... And they equaled many nations of this world that are renowned and considered civilized, and they surpassed many others, and to none were they inferior. Among those they equaled were the Greeks and the Romans, and they surpassed them by many good and better customs. They surpassed also the English and the French and some of the people of our own Spain; and they were incomparably superior to countless others, in having good customs and lacking many evil ones." This work in which Las Casas combined his own ethnographic observations with those of other writers, and compared customs and cultures between different peoples, has been characterized as an early beginning of the discipline of anthropology.
History of the Indies
The History of the Indies is a three-volume work begun in 1527 while Las Casas was in the Convent of Puerto de Plata. It found its final form in 1561, when he was working in the Colegio de San Gregorio. Originally planned as a six-volume work, each volume describes a decade of the history of the Indies from the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 to 1520, and most of it is an eye-witness account. It was in the History of the Indies that Las Casas finally regretted his advocacy for African slavery, and included a sincere apology, writing, "I soon repented and judged myself guilty of ignorance. I came to realize that black slavery was as unjust as Indian slavery... and I was not sure that my ignorance and good faith would secure me in the eyes of God." (Vol II, p. 257)
"History of the Indies" has never been fully translated into English. The only translations into English are the 1971 partial translation by Andrée M. Collard, and partial translations by Cynthia L. Chamberlin, Nigel Griffin, Michael Hammer and Blair Sullivan in UCLA's Repertorium Columbianum (Volumes VI, VII and XI).
Archiving Christopher Columbus' Journal
De Las Casas copied Columbus' diary from his 1492 voyage to modern-day Bahamas. His copy is notable because Columbus' diary itself was lost.
De thesauris in Peru
Legacy
Las Casas's legacy has been highly controversial. In the years following his death, his ideas became taboo in the Spanish realm, and he was seen as a nearly heretical extremist. The accounts written by his enemies Lopez de Gómara and Oviedo were widely read and published in Europe. As the influence of the Spanish Empire was displaced by that of other European powers, Las Casas's accounts were utilized as political tools to justify incursions into Spanish colonies. This historiographic phenomenon has been referred to by some historians as the "Black Legend", a tendency by mostly Protestant authors to portray Spanish Catholicism and colonialism in the worst possible light.
Opposition to Las Casas reached its climax in historiography with Spanish right-wing, nationalist historians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries constructing a pro-Spanish White Legend, arguing that the Spanish Empire was benevolent and just and denying any adverse consequences of Spanish colonialism. Spanish pro-imperial historians such as Menéndez y Pelayo, Menéndez Pidal, and J. Pérez de Barrada depicted Las Casas as a madman, describing him as a "paranoic" and a monomaniac given to exaggeration, and as a traitor towards his own nation. Menéndez Pelayo also accused Las Casas of having been instrumental in suppressing the publication of Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda's "Democrates Alter" (also called Democrates Secundus) out of spite, but other historians find that to be unlikely since it was rejected by the theologians of both Alcalá and Salamanca, who were unlikely to be influenced by Las Casas.
Criticisms
Las Casas has also often been accused of exaggerating the atrocities he described in the Indies, some scholars holding that the initial population figures given by him were too high, which would make the population decline look worse than it actually was, and that epidemics of European disease were the prime cause of the population decline, not violence and exploitation. Demographic studies such as those of colonial Mexico by Sherburne F. Cook in the mid-20th century suggested that the decline in the first years of the conquest was indeed drastic, ranging between 80 and 90%, due to many different causes but all ultimately traceable to the arrival of the Europeans. The overwhelming cause was disease introduced by the Europeans. Historians have also noted that exaggeration and inflation of numbers was the norm in writing in 16th-century accounts, and both contemporary detractors and supporters of Las Casas were guilty of similar exaggerations.
The Dominican friars Antonio de Montesinos and Pedro de Córdoba had reported extensive violence already in the first decade of the colonization of the Americas, and throughout the conquest of the Americas, there were reports of abuse of the natives from friars and priests and ordinary citizens, and many massacres of indigenous people were reported in full by those who perpetrated them. Even some of Las Casas's enemies, such as Toribio de Benavente Motolinia, reported many gruesome atrocities committed against the Indians by the colonizers. All in all, modern historians tend to disregard the numerical figures given by Las Casas, but they maintain that his general picture of a violent and abusive conquest represented reality.
One persistent point of criticism has been Las Casas's repeated suggestions of replacing Indian with African slave labor. Even though he regretted that position later in his life and included an apology in his History of the Indies, some later criticism held him responsible for the institution of the transatlantic slave trade. One detractor, the abolitionist David Walker, called Las Casas a "wretch... stimulated by sordid avarice only," holding him responsible for the enslavement of thousands of Africans. Other historians, such as John Fiske writing in 1900, denied that Las Casas's suggestions affected the development of the slave trade. Benjamin Keen likewise did not consider Las Casas to have had any substantial impact on the slave trade, which was well in place before he began writing. That view is contradicted by Sylvia Wynter, who argued that Las Casas's 1516 Memorial was the direct cause of Charles V granting permission in 1518 to transport the first 4,000 African slaves to Jamaica.
A growing corpus of scholarship has sought to deconstruct and reassess the role of Las Casas in Spanish colonialism. Daniel Castro, in his Another Face of Empire (2007), takes on such a task. He argues that he was more of a politician than a humanitarian and that his liberation policies were always combined with schemes to make colonial extraction of resources from the natives more efficient. He also argues that Las Casas failed to realize that by seeking to replace indigenous spirituality with Christianity, he was undertaking a religious colonialism that was more intrusive than the physical one. The responses to his work are varied. Some claim that Castro's portrayal of Las Casas had an air of anachronism. Others have agreed with Castro's deconstruction of Las Casas as a nuanced and contradictory historical figure.
Cultural legacy
In 1848, Ciudad de San Cristóbal, then the capital of the Mexican state of Chiapas, was renamed San Cristóbal de Las Casas in honor of its first bishop. His work is a particular inspiration behind the work of the Las Casas Institute at Blackfriars Hall, Oxford. He is also often cited as a predecessor of the liberation theology movement. Bartolomé is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 20 July, on 18 July, and at the Evangelical Lutheran Church on 17 July. In the Catholic Church, the Dominicans introduced his cause for canonization in 1976. In 2002 the church began the process for his beatification.
He was among the first to develop a view of unity among humankind in the New World, stating that "All people of the world are humans," and that they had a natural right to liberty – a combination of Thomist rights philosophy with Augustinian political theology. In this capacity, an ecumenical human rights institute located in San Cristóbal de las Casas, the Centro Fray Bartolomé de las Casas de Derechos Humanos, was established by Bishop Samuel Ruiz in 1989.
Residencial Las Casas in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico is named after Las Casas.
He is also featured in the Guatemalan quetzal one cent (Q0.01) coins.
The small town of Lascassas, Tennessee, in the United States has also been named after him.
He is a central character in the H. R. Hays historical novel The Takers of the City, published in 1946.
Valladolid debate is the centre of the story of a novel “Las Casas vor Karl V” by Reinhold Schneider
He is the subject of the poetic sequence "Homage to Bartolomé de Las Casas" by the American poet Daniel Tobin, which appears in his book Double Life.
See also
Fountain to Bartolomé de las Casas
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
Gunst, Laurie. "Bartolomé de las Casas and the Question of Negro Slavery in the Early Spanish Indies." PhD dissertation, Harvard University 1982.
From Apologética historia de las Indias (Madrid, 1909), originally translated for Introduction to Contemporary Civilization in the West (New York: Columbia University Press, 1946, 1954, 1961).
External links
Biblioteca de autor Bartolomé de las Casas
Bartolomé de Las Casas Study Resources
Mirror of the Cruel and Horrible Spanish Tyranny Perpetrated in the Netherlands, by the Tyrant, the Duke of Alba, and Other Commanders of King Philip II From the Collections at the Library of Congress
Bartolomé de las Casas Statement of Opinion, (1542.) From the Collections at the Library of Congress
Narratio Regionum Indicarum per Hispanos Quosdam Deuastatarum Verissima From the Collections at the Library of Congress
Las Casas' Articulation of the Indians' Moral Agency: Looking Back at Las Casas Through Fichte – Rolando Pérez.
1474 births
1566 deaths
16th-century Spanish historians
16th-century Mesoamericanists
16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Mexico
16th-century male writers
Abolitionism in South America
Roman Catholic missionaries in New Spain
People from the Colony of Santo Domingo
Dominican bishops
Encomenderos
Historians of Mesoamerica
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
Clergy from Seville
Philosophers of law
Roman Catholic activists
Roman Catholic writers
Spanish Dominicans
Spanish human rights activists
Spanish Mesoamericanists
University of Salamanca alumni
History of Chiapas
School of Salamanca
Anglican saints
Spanish slave owners |
Enrique Raymondi (born 5 December 1937) is an Ecuadorian footballer. He played in five matches for the Ecuador national football team in 1963, scoring three goals. He was also part of Ecuador's squad for the 1963 South American Championship.
References
1937 births
Living people
Ecuadorian men's footballers
Ecuador men's international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Guayaquil |
Patrizio Lunato Laosio (died 22 April 1602) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Nusco (1578–1602).
Biography
On 15 Oct 1578, Patrizio Lunato Laosio was appointed by Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Nusco.
He served as Bishop of Nusco until his death on 22 April 1602.
References
External links and additional sources
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
1602 deaths
Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIII |
Punanai (; ; sometimes spelled Punani) is a small hamlet in Sri Lanka, made famous in 1920 by a man-eating leopard. This is reflected in the book titled "The Man-Eater of Punanai - A Journey of discovery to the jungles of old Ceylon", by Christopher Ondaatje.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060714024958/http://www.manrecap.com/leopard.html
Location of Punani - top center of map
Villages in Batticaloa District
Koralaipattu West DS Division |
Peter Houck Riehlman (December 10, 1933 – June 6, 2013) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at California State University, Chico from 1968 to 1973 and at Weber State University from 1977 to 1980, compiling a career college football coaching record of 56–48. Riehlman played college football for head coach Jack Curtice at the University of Utah as a tackle in 1954 and 1955, before graduating in 1956. He served as the freshman line coach at his alma mater in the fall of 1956. Riehlman was the head football coach at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo, California from 1959 to 1962, before moving to University of California, Santa Barbara to work as an assistant for Curtice.
Head coaching record
College
References
1933 births
2013 deaths
American football tackles
Chico State Wildcats football coaches
The Hawaiians coaches
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos football coaches
Utah Utes football coaches
Utah Utes football players
Weber State Wildcats football coaches
High school football coaches in California
High school football coaches in Nevada |
```c
/* packet-rip.c
* Routines for RIPv1 and RIPv2 packet disassembly
* RFC1058 (STD 34), RFC1388, RFC1723, RFC2453 (STD 56)
*
* RFC2082 ( Keyed Message Digest Algorithm )
* Emanuele Caratti <wiz@iol.it>
*
* Wireshark - Network traffic analyzer
* By Gerald Combs <gerald@wireshark.org>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/
#define NEW_PROTO_TREE_API
#include "config.h"
#include <epan/packet.h>
#include <epan/expert.h>
#include <epan/prefs.h>
#include <epan/to_str.h>
#define UDP_PORT_RIP 520
#define RIPv1 1
#define RIPv2 2
void proto_register_rip(void);
static const value_string version_vals[] = {
{ RIPv1, "RIPv1" },
{ RIPv2, "RIPv2" },
{ 0, NULL }
};
static const value_string command_vals[] = {
{ 1, "Request" },
{ 2, "Response" },
{ 3, "Traceon" },
{ 4, "Traceoff" },
{ 5, "Vendor specific (Sun)" },
{ 0, NULL }
};
#define AFVAL_UNSPEC 0
#define AFVAL_IP 2
static const value_string family_vals[] = {
{ AFVAL_UNSPEC, "Unspecified" },
{ AFVAL_IP, "IP" },
{ 0, NULL }
};
#define AUTH_IP_ROUTE 1
#define AUTH_PASSWORD 2
#define AUTH_KEYED_MSG_DIGEST 3
static const value_string rip_auth_type[] = {
{ AUTH_IP_ROUTE, "IP Route" },
{ AUTH_PASSWORD, "Simple Password" },
{ AUTH_KEYED_MSG_DIGEST, "Keyed Message Digest" },
{ 0, NULL }
};
#define RIP_HEADER_LENGTH 4
#define RIP_ENTRY_LENGTH 20
#define MD5_AUTH_DATA_LEN 16
static gboolean pref_display_routing_domain = FALSE;
void proto_reg_handoff_rip(void);
static dissector_handle_t rip_handle;
static header_field_info *hfi_rip = NULL;
#define RIP_HFI_INIT HFI_INIT(proto_rip)
static header_field_info hfi_rip_command RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Command", "rip.command", FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC,
VALS(command_vals), 0, "What type of RIP Command is this", HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_version RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Version", "rip.version", FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC,
VALS(version_vals), 0, "Version of the RIP protocol", HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_routing_domain RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Routing Domain", "rip.routing_domain", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC,
NULL, 0, "RIPv2 Routing Domain", HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_ip RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"IP Address", "rip.ip", FT_IPv4, BASE_NONE,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL};
static header_field_info hfi_rip_netmask RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Netmask", "rip.netmask", FT_IPv4, BASE_NETMASK,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL};
static header_field_info hfi_rip_next_hop RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Next Hop", "rip.next_hop", FT_IPv4, BASE_NONE,
NULL, 0, "Next Hop router for this route", HFILL};
static header_field_info hfi_rip_metric RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Metric", "rip.metric", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC,
NULL, 0, "Metric for this route", HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_auth RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Authentication type", "rip.auth.type", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC,
VALS(rip_auth_type), 0, "Type of authentication", HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_auth_passwd RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Password", "rip.auth.passwd", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE,
NULL, 0, "Authentication password", HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_family RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Address Family", "rip.family", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC,
VALS(family_vals), 0, NULL, HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_route_tag RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Route Tag", "rip.route_tag", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_zero_padding RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Zero adding", "rip.zero_padding", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE,
NULL, 0, "Authentication password", HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_digest_offset RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Digest Offset", "rip.digest_offset", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_key_id RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Key ID", "rip.key_id", FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_auth_data_len RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Auth Data Len", "rip.auth_data_len", FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_auth_seq_num RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Seq num", "rip.seq_num", FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL };
static header_field_info hfi_rip_authentication_data RIP_HFI_INIT = {
"Authentication Data", "rip.authentication_data", FT_BYTES, BASE_NONE,
NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL };
static gint ett_rip = -1;
static gint ett_rip_vec = -1;
static gint ett_auth_vec = -1;
static expert_field ei_rip_unknown_address_family = EI_INIT;
static void dissect_unspec_rip_vektor(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, guint8 version,
proto_tree *tree);
static void dissect_ip_rip_vektor(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, guint8 version,
proto_tree *tree);
static gint dissect_rip_authentication(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset,
proto_tree *tree);
static int
dissect_rip(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree, void* data _U_)
{
int offset = 0;
proto_tree *rip_tree = NULL;
proto_item *ti;
guint8 command;
guint8 version;
guint16 family;
gint trailer_len = 0;
gboolean is_md5_auth = FALSE;
col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, "RIP");
col_clear(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO);
command = tvb_get_guint8(tvb, 0);
version = tvb_get_guint8(tvb, 1);
col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL,
val_to_str_const(version, version_vals, "RIP"));
col_add_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO,
val_to_str(command, command_vals, "Unknown command (%u)"));
ti = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hfi_rip, tvb, 0, -1, ENC_NA);
rip_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(ti, ett_rip);
proto_tree_add_uint(rip_tree, &hfi_rip_command, tvb, 0, 1, command);
proto_tree_add_uint(rip_tree, &hfi_rip_version, tvb, 1, 1, version);
if (version == RIPv2 && pref_display_routing_domain == TRUE)
proto_tree_add_uint(rip_tree, &hfi_rip_routing_domain, tvb, 2, 2,
tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, 2));
/* skip header */
offset = RIP_HEADER_LENGTH;
/* zero or more entries */
while (tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) > trailer_len ) {
family = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset);
switch (family) {
case AFVAL_UNSPEC: /* Unspecified */
/*
* There should be one entry in the request, and a metric
* of infinity, meaning "show the entire routing table".
*/
dissect_unspec_rip_vektor(tvb, offset, version, rip_tree);
break;
case AFVAL_IP: /* IP */
dissect_ip_rip_vektor(tvb, offset, version, rip_tree);
break;
case 0xFFFF:
if( offset == RIP_HEADER_LENGTH ) {
trailer_len=dissect_rip_authentication(tvb, offset, rip_tree);
is_md5_auth = TRUE;
break;
}
if(is_md5_auth && tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset) == 20)
break;
/* Intentional fall through: auth Entry MUST be the first! */
default:
proto_tree_add_expert_format(rip_tree, pinfo, &ei_rip_unknown_address_family, tvb, offset,
RIP_ENTRY_LENGTH, "Unknown address family %u", family);
break;
}
offset += RIP_ENTRY_LENGTH;
}
return tvb_captured_length(tvb);
}
static void
dissect_unspec_rip_vektor(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, guint8 version,
proto_tree *tree)
{
proto_tree *rip_vektor_tree;
guint32 metric;
metric = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset+16);
rip_vektor_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset,
RIP_ENTRY_LENGTH, ett_rip_vec, NULL, "Address not specified, Metric: %u",
metric);
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_family, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
if (version == RIPv2) {
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_route_tag, tvb, offset+2, 2,
ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_netmask, tvb, offset+8, 4,
ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_next_hop, tvb, offset+12, 4,
ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
}
proto_tree_add_uint(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_metric, tvb,
offset+16, 4, metric);
}
static void
dissect_ip_rip_vektor(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, guint8 version,
proto_tree *tree)
{
proto_tree *rip_vektor_tree;
guint32 metric;
metric = tvb_get_ntohl(tvb, offset+16);
rip_vektor_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset,
RIP_ENTRY_LENGTH, ett_rip_vec, NULL, "IP Address: %s, Metric: %u",
tvb_ip_to_str(tvb, offset+4), metric);
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_family, tvb, offset, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
if (version == RIPv2) {
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_route_tag, tvb, offset+2, 2,
ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
}
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_ip, tvb, offset+4, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
if (version == RIPv2) {
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_netmask, tvb, offset+8, 4,
ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
proto_tree_add_item(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_next_hop, tvb, offset+12, 4,
ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
}
proto_tree_add_uint(rip_vektor_tree, &hfi_rip_metric, tvb,
offset+16, 4, metric);
}
static gint
dissect_rip_authentication(tvbuff_t *tvb, int offset, proto_tree *tree)
{
proto_tree *rip_authentication_tree;
guint16 authtype;
guint32 digest_off, auth_data_len;
auth_data_len = 0;
authtype = tvb_get_ntohs(tvb, offset + 2);
rip_authentication_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree_format(tree, tvb, offset, RIP_ENTRY_LENGTH,
ett_rip_vec, NULL, "Authentication: %s", val_to_str( authtype, rip_auth_type, "Unknown (%u)" ) );
proto_tree_add_uint(rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_auth, tvb, offset+2, 2,
authtype);
switch ( authtype ) {
case AUTH_PASSWORD: /* Plain text password */
proto_tree_add_item(rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_auth_passwd,
tvb, offset+4, 16, ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA);
break;
case AUTH_KEYED_MSG_DIGEST: /* Keyed MD5 rfc 2082 */
digest_off = tvb_get_ntohs( tvb, offset+4 );
proto_tree_add_item( rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_digest_offset, tvb, offset+4, 2, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
proto_tree_add_item( rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_key_id, tvb, offset+6, 1, ENC_NA);
auth_data_len = tvb_get_guint8( tvb, offset+7 );
proto_tree_add_item( rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_auth_data_len, tvb, offset+7, 1, ENC_NA);
proto_tree_add_item( rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_auth_seq_num, tvb, offset+8, 4, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN);
proto_tree_add_item( rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_zero_padding, tvb, offset+12, 8, ENC_NA);
rip_authentication_tree = proto_tree_add_subtree( rip_authentication_tree, tvb, offset-4+digest_off,
MD5_AUTH_DATA_LEN+4, ett_auth_vec, NULL, "Authentication Data Trailer" );
proto_tree_add_item( rip_authentication_tree, &hfi_rip_authentication_data, tvb, offset-4+digest_off+4,
MD5_AUTH_DATA_LEN, ENC_NA);
break;
}
return auth_data_len;
}
void
proto_register_rip(void)
{
#ifndef HAVE_HFI_SECTION_INIT
static header_field_info *hfi[] = {
&hfi_rip_command,
&hfi_rip_version,
&hfi_rip_routing_domain,
&hfi_rip_ip,
&hfi_rip_netmask,
&hfi_rip_next_hop,
&hfi_rip_metric,
&hfi_rip_auth,
&hfi_rip_auth_passwd,
&hfi_rip_family,
&hfi_rip_route_tag,
&hfi_rip_zero_padding,
&hfi_rip_digest_offset,
&hfi_rip_key_id,
&hfi_rip_auth_data_len,
&hfi_rip_auth_seq_num,
&hfi_rip_authentication_data,
};
#endif /* HAVE_HFI_SECTION_INIT */
static gint *ett[] = {
&ett_rip,
&ett_rip_vec,
&ett_auth_vec,
};
static ei_register_info ei[] = {
{ &ei_rip_unknown_address_family, { "rip.unknown_address_family", PI_PROTOCOL, PI_WARN, "Unknown address family", EXPFILL }},
};
expert_module_t* expert_rip;
module_t *rip_module;
int proto_rip;
proto_rip = proto_register_protocol("Routing Information Protocol", "RIP", "rip");
hfi_rip = proto_registrar_get_nth(proto_rip);
proto_register_fields(proto_rip, hfi, array_length(hfi));
proto_register_subtree_array(ett, array_length(ett));
expert_rip = expert_register_protocol(proto_rip);
expert_register_field_array(expert_rip, ei, array_length(ei));
rip_module = prefs_register_protocol(proto_rip, proto_reg_handoff_rip);
prefs_register_bool_preference(rip_module, "display_routing_domain", "Display Routing Domain field", "Display the third and forth bytes of the RIPv2 header as the Routing Domain field (introduced in RFC 1388 [January 1993] and obsolete as of RFC 1723 [November 1994])", &pref_display_routing_domain);
rip_handle = create_dissector_handle(dissect_rip, proto_rip);
}
void
proto_reg_handoff_rip(void)
{
dissector_add_uint("udp.port", UDP_PORT_RIP, rip_handle);
}
/*
* Editor modelines - path_to_url
*
* Local variables:
* c-basic-offset: 4
* tab-width: 8
* indent-tabs-mode: nil
* End:
*
* vi: set shiftwidth=4 tabstop=8 expandtab:
* :indentSize=4:tabSize=8:noTabs=true:
*/
``` |
HiROS (High Resolution Optical System) is a satellite system operating in the visible and near infra-red (NIR) optical range with a 0.5 m ground resolution. It is developed by the German Aerospace Center and will allegedly be used for espionage purposes, according to classified documents released by WikiLeaks.
The satellite has a mass of 820 kg, and can be launched from various Soyuz, Vega, or Rockot rockets. It has a revisit time of 24 h.
The project was cancelled in 2012.
Instrument performance
The instrument itself has a mass of 190 kg. Its detector has a panchromatic channel between 450 and 900 nm (visible and near IR) with a ground resolution of 0.5 m. In a multichannel operation, it can achieve 2 m ground resolution. It has a signal to noise ratio of 200 and a dynamic range of 1:5000 and uses a 14 bit analog to digital converter.
References
External links
www.ifp.uni-stuttgart.de Presentations from 2009
Spacecraft instruments
Imaging reconnaissance satellites |
Karlo Umek (8 February 1917 – 25 September 2010) was a Slovenian Olympic shooter who represented Yugoslavia at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, competing in the Men's Free Pistol, 50 metres event, where he placed 22nd. He was born in Bojsno. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living Slovenian Olympic athlete.
References
1917 births
2010 deaths
Yugoslav male sport shooters
Slovenian male sport shooters
Shooters at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic shooters for Yugoslavia
People from the Municipality of Brežice |
Karel Černý (born 1 February 1910, date of death unknown) was a Czech football defender who was a member of the Czechoslovakia national team at the 1938 FIFA World Cup. However, he never earned a cap for the national team. At club level, he played for various clubs, most notably SK Slavia Prague, where he won three consecutive league championships in the 1939–40, 1940–41 and 1941–42 seasons.
References
External links
FIFA profile
1910 births
Year of death missing
Czechoslovak men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
FC Viktoria Plzeň players
SK Slavia Prague players
1938 FIFA World Cup players |
Francis Kennedy "Scotty" Neill (November 17, 1895 – July 7, 1963) was an American football and baseball player for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. He won the Bachelor of Ugliness in 1922, Vanderbilt's highest honor for a male undergraduate. Neill was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity, and graduated with an M. D. in 1925.
Early years
Neill was born on November 17, 1895 in Birmingham, Alabama to Peter Neill and Rosina Jones Dollop.
Vanderbilt
Baseball
1921
Neill was a member of the 1921 SIAA champion Vanderbilt baseball team. Neill often batted cleanup in his time with the Commodores, referred to as the "Babe Ruth of the SIAA." Neill led the team in home runs with 13. Vanderbilt's yearbook The Commodore states that in a 1921 game against Southwestern Presbyterian University, the team achieved a world record in scoring 13 runs in one inning, after two men were out. The Tennessean recalls the event: "Neely singled as did Kuhn; Neil fanned but Thomas got his third straight hit and both tallied. Big Tot got hit by a pitched ball and Smith was safe on a fielder's choice with one out. Woodruf flied out to right. Tyner slammed one to center which Jetty juggled and everybody advanced a pair of sacks. Ryan was safe on another error and two runs came over. Neely beat out his second hit of the inning and Kuhn walked. Neil walked. Thomas was safe on an error and Big Tot McCullough picked one over the right field fence, clearing the sacks--but oh, what's the use? Why continue?"
In the game against Camp Benning (GA), Neill netted a home run with a fly ball to left field, which bounced off the outfielder's knee and over the fence.
Neill was ruled ineligible for baseball in 1922.
Football
Neill was also a prominent member of Dan McGugin's Vanderbilt Commodores football teams in 1920 and 1922, which had a win-loss-tie record of 12–3–2 over his two seasons, and won a Southern championship in 1922.
1920
Scotty Neill had fine punts, of 45 to 60 yards, in a 20–0 over the Tennessee Volunteers in the second week of play. In the second half of the final game, a 21–3 victory over the Sewanee Tigers, Neill punted the ball from the 35-yard line to the 4-yard line, picked up by Vanderbilt running back Grailey Berryhill and run into the end zone to score on a "bewildering" onside kick.
1922
In the second a game, a 33 to 0 victory over Henderson-Brown, the final score came late in the fourth quarter. Guard Garland Morrow broke through the line and jumped to block a punt, recovered by Neill for a touchdown. The next week saw the scoreless tie with the Michigan Wolverines at the dedication of Dudley Field, for which Neill was a starter. Before the game in which Vanderbilt was expected to lose, and had sustained many injuries in weeks prior, it was noted the more optimistic Vanderbilt faithful were excited for the return of Neill to the team. His punting matching that of the famed Harry Kipke, with an average of some 42 yards per punt, was cited as a key feature of the contest. Vanderbilt beat Texas the next week 20–10. Neill's punting again received praise. He had punts of 60 and 55 yards that game. Neill had a penalty for slugging that game, for which he would have been ejected had Texas captain and center "Swede" Swenson not protested to keep Neill in the game. In the next game, a 14–6 win over Tennessee, Neill out-punted the Volunteers on nearly every occasion. Neill was on Walter Camp's all names worthy of mention, listed with "punter" beside his name among the ends, as well as Billy Evans's Southern honor roll, the All-Southern team of Zipp Newman, sporting editor of the Birmingham News, and on the second team of All-Southerns chosen by Homer George, sporting editor for the Atlanta Constitution.
References
1895 births
1963 deaths
American football ends
American football punters
Vanderbilt Commodores football players
Vanderbilt Commodores baseball players
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine alumni
All-Southern college football players
Physicians from Alabama
Baseball players from Birmingham, Alabama
Players of American football from Birmingham, Alabama |
Rodarius Lee Williams (born September 12, 1996) is an American football cornerback. He played college football at Oklahoma State.
Early life and high school
Williams grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana and attended Calvary Baptist Academy.
College career
Williams was a member of the Oklahoma State Cowboys for five seasons, redshirting as a true freshman. He became a starter going into his redshirt freshman year. Williams was named second-team All-Big 12 Conference as a redshirt senior after allowing only nine pass completions and breaking up seven passes.
Professional career
New York Giants
In the 2021 NFL Draft, Williams was drafted in the sixth round (201st overall) by the New York Giants. On May 13, 2021, Williams officially signed with the Giants. He suffered a torn ACL in Week 5 and was ruled out for the season.
On August 31, 2022, Williams was placed on injured reserve. He was activated on November 14. Williams recorded his first career interception off of Dak Prescott in a Week 12 loss to the Dallas Cowboys.
On August 19, 2023, Williams was released.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
On August 20, 2023, Williams was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was waived on August 28.
Personal life
Williams is the older brother of NFL defensive back Greedy Williams.
References
External links
Oklahoma State Cowboys bio
1996 births
Living people
Players of American football from Shreveport, Louisiana
American football cornerbacks
Oklahoma State Cowboys football players
New York Giants players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players |
Hugo, Prince of Radolin (; 1 April 1841 – 12 July 1917), born Hugo Julius Raoul Eduard Graf Leszczyc von Radolin-Radolinski, was a Polish-German aristocrat and statesman who served as an ambassador for the Kingdom of Prussia and later, the German Empire, as well as a high-ranking official in the royal and imperial courts.
Early life
Hugo was born into the old Polish noble family of Radolin-Radoliński, the son of Count Ladislaus von Radolin-Radolinski (1808–1879), a member of the Prussian House of Lords who served as a chamberlain in the court of King Frederick William IV, and of his cousin Josephine von Radolin-Radolinski (1809-1880). He was a direct descendant of Piotr Wysz Radoliński, a member of the Leszczyc clan who was one of the witnesses to the signing of the Union of Horodło in 1413. Radolinski had also served as bishop of Kraków and Poznań, as well as royal chancellor of the court during the reign of King Władysław II Jagiełło and Queen Jadwiga.
As a child, Hugo spent much of his time between the family estates in Borzęciczki, Sierniki, and Jarocin, before moving with his mother to Dresden in 1847. He studied political science and law in Bonn, during which he met and befriended Friedrich von Holstein, the future head of the political department of the German Foreign Office. In 1860 he joined the Prussian Army as a one-year volunteer in the 7th Hussars Regiment, before being appointed as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Life-Hussars Regiment. Upon the completion of his military service, Hugo returned to his studies, and graduated from the University of Berlin in December 1862.
Diplomatic career
After working at a district court in Pleschen from 1864 to 1866, Radolin-Radolinski officially entered the diplomatic service. He was firstly an attaché as part of the Prussian legation to Florence in 1869, before serving as a secretary at the Prussian embassy in Paris and later, chargé d'affaires in Stuttgart in that year. During the Franco-Prussian War, he worked at the high command of the occupying forces in France, as a member of the delegation from Prussia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Two years later, in 1874, he was dispatched by Imperial Chancellor Otto von Bismarck to Madrid as Germany's first ambassador to Spain, and in that same year he was transferred to Dresden. In 1876, he became Germany's first ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, representing Russia's interests during the Russo-Turkish War. He inherited his father's seat in the House of Lords in 1880.
Upon his return to Europe in 1881, Radolin-Radolinski worked as ambassador to Weimar before he was appointed marshal of the court () to the German Crown Prince, the future Emperor Frederick III, in 1884. Bismarck initially opposed the appointment, due to Radolin-Radolinski's Polish and Catholic background, but gradually relented; it was even claimed by Franz von Roggenbach that Radolin-Radolinski was a spy for Bismarck. He became a close confidante of the chancellor, as well as the Crown Prince and his wife; similarly to the latter, he shared their favour of a foreign policy friendly to Great Britain, in opposition to Bismarck's pro-Russian policy. It was Radolin-Radolinski who, against the wishes of the Empress, informed Frederick's son Prince Wilhelm of his father's terminal illness. For his services to the imperial family Wilhelm II elevated him to the title of Prince (Fürst) of Radolin in 1888, and appointed him chief seneschal of the court () and a member of the Privy Council.
Later life
Upon his retirement, Radolin returned to Jarocin, where he focused on expanding his estate between 1911 and 1914. On 19 June 1915, the New York Times reported that Radolin and his wife were arrested in April and charged with espionage against the Triple Entente; they later clarified that the couple were simply requested to return to their home, where they were placed under house arrest.
Prince Radolin died in 1917, and was interred in the family crypt in St. Martin's Church in Jarotschin.
Marriages and issue
On 4 July 1863 in London, Radolin-Radolinski married firstly Lucy Catherine Wakefield (1841-1880), the daughter of British Lieutenant-colonel Hon. John Howard Wakefield (1803-1862) and his wife, Maria Suffolk (1814-1852). From this marriage, they had four children.
After Lucy's death from tuberculosis, Radolin married secondly in Oberglogau on 4 June 1892 to Countess Johanna von Oppersdorff (1864–1947), daughter of Count Hans von Oppersdorff (1832-1877) and Elisabeth of Talleyrand-Périgord, daughter of Alexandre de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duke of Dino and granddaughter of Princess Dorothea of Courland. The wedding was a grand affair attended by Wilhelm II himself. They had three children from this marriage.
Titles, honours and awards
Granted the noble title of Prince (Fürst), April 1888
Honorary Citizen of the City of Jarotschin, 1897
Orders and decorations
Notes
References
Bibliography
1841 births
1917 deaths
People from Poznań
People from the Kingdom of Prussia
19th-century Polish nobility
Princes in Germany
Members of the Prussian House of Lords
Ambassadors of Germany to France
Ambassadors of Germany to Russia
Ambassadors of Germany to Spain
Ambassadors of Germany to the Ottoman Empire
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1870), 2nd class
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Knights of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Knights of Malta
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles
Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 1st class
Recipients of the Gold Imtiyaz Medal
Recipients of the Silver Imtiyaz Medal
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
Hugo
20th-century Polish nobility |
Spring Rain may refer to:
spring rain
Art
Spring Rain, 1911, silk screen painting by Kawai Gyokudō
Spring Rain, 1912, painting by John Sloan in Delaware Art Museum
Spring Rain, 1963, painting by Vasily Golubev
Spring Rain, 1992, sculpture by Mark di Suvero in Technoseum, Mannheim
Books
Spring Rain, 1942 Bernard Malamud bibliography
Spring Rain, 1992 first science fiction story of John Meaney
Japan
Harusame (春雨 Spring-rain) Japanese cellophane noodles
Harusame (disambiguation) (春雨 Spring-rain)
Haru no ame (春の雨 Spring Rain) Japanese film by Hiroshi Shimizu (director)
Music
Albums
Spring Rain (album) by Canadian composer Hennie Bekker
Songs
"Spring Rain" (Pat Boone song), 1960
Spring Rain (Bebu Silvetti song) "Lluvia De Primavera" instrumental 1975, theme of The Love Experts
Spring Rain (Max song)
"Spring Rain (Go-Betweens song)", song by The Go-Betweens 1986 from Liberty Belle and the Black Diamond Express and Bellavista Terrace: Best of The Go-Betweens
"Spring Rain", song by Ottmar Liebert from La Semana 2004
"Spring Rain", Korean song by Ji-hye in Brilliant Legacy (찬란한 유산) TV series soundtrack
"Bom Bi" (봄비, Spring Rain), Korean tune by Baek Ji-young in Gu Family Book (구가의 서) TV series soundtrack |
```python
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
import os
import xacro
import tempfile
def to_urdf(xacro_path, parameters=None):
"""Convert the given xacro file to URDF file.
* xacro_path -- the path to the xacro file
* parameters -- to be used when xacro file is parsed.
"""
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(prefix="%s_" % os.path.basename(xacro_path), delete=False) as xacro_file:
urdf_path = xacro_file.name
# open and process file
doc = xacro.process_file(xacro_path, mappings=parameters)
# open the output file
with open(urdf_path, 'w') as urdf_file:
urdf_file.write(doc.toprettyxml(indent=' '))
return urdf_path
``` |
Seedorf is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. On 1 January 2021 the former municipality of Bauen merged into the municipality of Seedorf.
History
The municipality was first mentioned in 1254 as Sedorf.
Bauen
Bauen is first mentioned in 1150 as Bawen.
Geography
Seedorf has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of . Of this area, about 17.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 42.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and 34.5% is unproductive land.
In the 2004/09 survey a total of or about 2.4% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of over the 1981/84 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by and is now about 0.65% of the total area.
Of the agricultural land, is used for orchards and vineyards, is fields and grasslands and consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1981/84 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by . Over the same time period the amount of forested land has increased by .
Rivers and lakes cover in the municipality.
Demographics
Seedorf has a population () of . , 6.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 7 years (2010-2017) the population has changed at a rate of 3.56%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2017, was 10.6, while the death rate was 9.4 per thousand residents.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 58.0% of the population and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.9%. In 2015 there were 781 single residents, 885 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 65 widows or widowers and 76 divorced residents.
In 2017 there were 678 private households in Seedorf with an average household size of 2.64 persons. In 2015 about 58.7% of all buildings in the municipality were single family homes, which is greater than the percentage in the canton (49.2%) and about the same as the percentage nationally (57.4%). Of the 377 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 54.9% were single family homes and 32.4% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 7.7% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 17.5% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2016 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 1.66. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.8%.
Historic Population
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Heritage sites of national significance
The Benedictine nuns convent of St. Lazarus and Apro Castle are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.
Economy
Seedorf was classed in the 2000 census as a semi-tourism focused municipality and in 2012 was classed as a medium-density industry focused peri-urban municipality. The municipality is part of the agglomeration of Altdorf (UR).
, there were a total of 631 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 28 people worked in 13 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 304 workers in 28 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 299 jobs in 67 businesses.
In 2017 a total of 1.7% of the population received social assistance. In 2011 the unemployment rate in the municipality was 0.5%.
In 2015 the average cantonal, municipal and church tax rate in the municipality for a couple with two children making was 5.1% while the rate for a single person making was 11%, both of which are much lower than the average for the canton. The canton has a slightly higher than average tax rate for those making and one of the lowest for those making . In 2013 the average income in the municipality per tax payer was and the per person average was , which is greater than the cantonal averages of but less than the per person amount of . In contrast, the national tax payer average is , while the per person average is .
Politics
In the 2019 Swiss federal election the most popular party was the CVP with 47.7% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the SVP (35.0%) and the SP (16.2%). In the federal election, a total of 674 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 51.5%. The 2019 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2015. The percentage of the vote received by the CVP increased sharply from 24.3% in 2015 to 47.7% in 2019 and the SP increased from 0.0% to 16.2%, while the percentage that the SVP received dropped from 46.9% to 35.0%.
References
Municipalities of the canton of Uri
Populated places on Lake Lucerne |
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to knowledge:
Knowledge – familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, and/or skills acquired through experience or education. It can refer to the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject); and it can be more or less formal or systematic.
Types of knowledge
By form
A priori and a posteriori knowledge – these terms are used with respect to reasoning (epistemology) to distinguish necessary conclusions from first premises...
A priori knowledge or justification – knowledge that is independent of experience, as with mathematics (3+2=5), tautologies ("All bachelors are unmarried"), and deduction from pure reason (e.g., ontological proofs).
A posteriori knowledge or justification – knowledge dependent on experience or empirical evidence, as with most aspects of science and personal knowledge.
Descriptive knowledge – also called declarative knowledge or propositional knowledge, it is the type of knowledge that is, by its very nature, expressed in declarative sentences or indicative propositions (e.g., "Albert is fat", or "It is raining"). This is distinguished from what is commonly known as "know-how" or procedural knowledge (the knowledge of how, and especially how best, to perform some task), and "knowing of", or knowledge by acquaintance (the knowledge of something's existence).
Experience – knowledge or mastery of an event or subject gained through involvement in or exposure to it.
Empirical evidence – also referred to as empirical data, empirical knowledge, and sense experience, it is a collective term for the knowledge or source of knowledge acquired by means of the senses, particularly by observation and experimentation. After Immanuel Kant, it is common in philosophy to call the knowledge thus gained a posteriori knowledge. This is contrasted with a priori knowledge, the knowledge accessible from pure reason alone.
Experiential knowledge –
Explicit knowledge – knowledge that can be readily articulated, codified, accessed and verbalized. It can be easily transmitted to others. Most forms of explicit knowledge can be stored in certain media. The information contained in encyclopedias and textbooks are good examples of explicit knowledge.
Extelligence – term coined by Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen in their 1997 book Figments of Reality. They define it as the cultural capital that is available to us in the form of external media (e.g., tribal legends, folklore, nursery rhymes, books, videotapes, CD-ROMs, etc.).
Knowledge by acquaintance – according to Bertrand Russell, knowledge by acquaintance is obtained through a direct causal (experience-based) interaction between a person and the object that person is perceiving. Sense-data from that object are the only things that people can ever become acquainted with; they can never truly KNOW the physical object itself. The distinction between "knowledge by acquaintance" and "knowledge by description" was promoted by Russell (notably in his 1905 paper On Denoting). Russell was extremely critical of the equivocal nature of the word "know", and believed that the equivocation arose from a failure to distinguish between the two fundamentally different types of knowledge.
Libre knowledge – knowledge released in such a way that users are free to read, listen to, watch, or otherwise experience it; to learn from or with it; to copy, adapt and use it for any purpose; and to share the work (unchanged or modified). Whilst shared tacit knowledge is regarded as implicitly libre, (explicit) libre knowledge is defined as a generalisation of the libre software definition.
Procedural knowledge – also known as imperative knowledge, it is the knowledge exercised in the performance of some task. Commonly referred to as "knowing-how" and opposed to "knowing-that" (descriptive knowledge).
Tacit knowledge – kind of knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it. For example, that London is in the United Kingdom is a piece of explicit knowledge that can be written down, transmitted, and understood by a recipient. However, the ability to speak a language, knead dough, play a musical instrument or design and use complex equipment requires all sorts of knowledge that is not always known explicitly, even by expert practitioners, and which is difficult or impossible to explicitly transfer to other users.
By scope
Common knowledge – knowledge that is known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the term is used.
Customer knowledge – knowledge for, about, or from customers.
Domain knowledge – valid knowledge used to refer to an area of human endeavour, an autonomous computer activity, or other specialized discipline.
Foundational knowledge – the knowledge necessary for understanding or usefully applying further knowledge in a field.
General knowledge – information that has been accumulated over time through various mediums. This definition excludes highly specialized learning that can only be obtained with extensive training and information confined to a single medium. General knowledge is an important component of crystallized intelligence and is strongly associated with general intelligence, and with openness to experience.
Metaknowledge – knowledge about knowledge. Bibliographies are a form of metaknowledge. Patterns within scientific literature is another.
Self-knowledge – information that an individual draws upon when finding an answer to the question "What am I like?".
Traditional knowledge – knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities. Traditional knowledge includes types of knowledge about traditional technologies of subsistence (e.g. tools and techniques for hunting or agriculture), midwifery, ethnobotany and ecological knowledge, traditional medicine, celestial navigation, ethnoastronomy, the climate, and others. These kinds of knowledge, crucial for subsistence and survival, are generally based on accumulations of empirical observation and on interaction with the environment.
Traditional ecological knowledge
Structure of knowledge
Taxonomies
Types of subject taxonomies
Document classification
Library classification
Taxonomy for search engines
Specific taxonomies of knowledge
Figurative System of Human Knowledge
Propædia – first of three parts of the 15th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, presenting its Outline of Knowledge.
Tree of Knowledge System
Types of bodies of recorded knowledge
Academic disciplines – branch of knowledge that is taught and researched as part of higher education. A scholar's discipline is commonly defined and recognized by the university faculties and learned societies to which he or she belongs and the academic journals in which he or she publishes research. However, no formal criteria exist for defining an academic discipline.
Body of knowledge (BOK) – specialized term in knowledge representation meaning the set of concepts, terms and activities that make up a professional domain, as defined by the relevant learned society or professional association.
Curriculi – plural of curriculum, which means the totality of student experiments that occur in the educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view of planned student's experiences in terms of the educator's or school's instructional goals. Curricula may be tightly standardized, or may include a high level of instructor or learner autonomy. Many countries have national curricula in primary and secondary education, such as the United Kingdom's National Curriculum.
Encyclopedias – type of reference work or compendium holding a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries, which are usually accessed alphabetically by article name. Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries. Generally speaking, unlike dictionary entries, which focus on linguistic information about words, encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject for which the article is named.
Knowledge base
Personal knowledge base
Knowledge commons
Libraries – a library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.
Specific bodies of recorded knowledge, by type
Specific BOKs (bodies of knowledge, in the context of the knowledge representation field)
Canadian IT Body of Knowledge
Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge
Common Body of Knowledge
Enterprise Architecture Body of Knowledge
Geographic Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge
Project Management Body of Knowledge
Software Engineering Body of Knowledge
Data Management Body of Knowledge
Specific encyclopedias
Bibliography of encyclopedias
List of encyclopedias by branch of knowledge
List of encyclopedias by language
List of historical encyclopedias
List of online encyclopedias
Wikipedia – largest encyclopedia in the world. It is a free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its more than 20 million articles (over 5.04 million in English) have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world. Almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site, and it has about 100,000 regularly active contributors.
Specific knowledge bases
Knowledge Vault – knowledge base created by Google. As of 2014, it contained 1.6 billion facts which had been collated automatically from the Internet.
Epistemology (philosophy of knowledge)
Epistemology – philosophy of knowledge. It is the study of knowledge and justified belief. It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on the philosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge and how it relates to connected notions such as truth, belief, and justification.
DIKW pyramid – theoretical model of the relationship between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom
Knowledge neglect – failure to apply knowledge
Theory of knowledge (IB course) – a course related to epistemology
Management of knowledge
Knowledge management
Chief knowledge officer
Knowledge balance sheet
Knowledge ecosystem
Knowledge mobilization
Knowledge organization (effort)
Knowledge organization system
Knowledge organization (company or agency)
Knowledge transfer
Knowledge worker
Obtaining knowledge
Methods of obtaining knowledge
Exploration
Space exploration
Revelation
Research
Scientific method
Experimentation
Learning
Autodidactism – self-education; act of self-directed learning about a subject or subjects in which one has had little to no formal education.
Reading
Studying
Knowledge building
Knowledge building communities
Knowledge storage
Knowledge can be stored in:
Books
Knowledge bases
Ontology – formal naming and definition of the types, properties, and interrelationships of the entities that really or fundamentally exist for a particular domain of discourse.
Commonsense knowledge base – database containing all the general knowledge that most people possess, represented in a way that it is available to artificial intelligence programs that use natural language or make inferences about the ordinary world.
Knowledge graph – another name for ontology
Knowledge representation (AI)
Body of knowledge (BOK) – complete set of concepts, terms and activities that make up a professional domain, as defined by the relevant learned society or professional association
Libraries
Memory
Knowledge retrieval
Knowledge retrieval – Stored knowledge can be retrieved by:
Knowledge engine
Wolfram Alpha – computational knowledge engine or answer engine developed by Wolfram Research
Knowledge Engine (Wikimedia Foundation) – search engine project by the Wikimedia Foundation
Google Search – powered by:
Google Knowledge Graph – knowledge base used by Google to enhance its search engine's search results with semantic search information gathered from a wide variety of sources
Knowledge discovery
Reading
Imparting knowledge
Imparting knowledge means spreading or disseminating knowledge to others.
Communication – purposeful activity of information exchange between two or more participants in order to convey or receive the intended meanings through a shared system of signs and semiotic rules. The basic steps of communication are the forming of communicative intent, message composition, message encoding, transmission of signal, reception of signal, message decoding and interpretation of the message by the recipient. Examples of methods of communication used to impart knowledge include: Writing and Publishing.
Education – process of facilitating learning.
Educational methods:
Storytelling
Discussion
Teaching
Training
Directed research
Knowledge sharing – activity through which knowledge (namely, information, skills, or expertise) is exchanged among people, friends, families, communities (for example, Wikipedia), or organizations.
Knowledge café
Knowledge transfer
Knowledge translation
History of the knowledge of humanity
Historiography (History of history)
History of exploration
History of space exploration
History of invention
History of libraries
History of philosophy
History of science
Knowledge deities
Taxes on knowledge
Knowledge and society
Economics of knowledge
Intellectual capital
Knowledge broker
Knowledge Economic Index
Knowledge economy
Knowledge gap hypothesis
Knowledge market
Knowledge services
Knowledge spillover
Knowledge value
Monopolies of knowledge
Politics of knowledge
Access to Knowledge movement
Knowledge assessment methodology
Knowledge society
Local knowledge problem
Open access
Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
Scientia potentia est – Latin for "knowledge is power".
The Cost of Knowledge protest
World Brain
Sociology of knowledge
Sociology of knowledge
Knowledge community
Knowledge space
Knowledge technology
Knowledge-based systems
Knowledge acquisition
Knowledge base
Knowledge engineering
Knowledge engineer
Knowledge extraction
Knowledge level
Knowledge level modeling
Knowledge modeling
Knowledge management (see above)
Knowledge of humanity
The world's knowledge (knowledge possessed by human civilization)
Humanities and arts
Classics
Literature
Performing arts
Dance
Music
Theatre
Religion
Visual arts
Painting
History
Philosophy
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
Trade
Education
Geography (Physical geography is also Earth Science)
Law
Jurisprudence
Linguistics / Language
Political science
Psychology
Sociology
Science
Formal Sciences
Logic
Mathematics
Computer science (is also Technology)
Natural Sciences
Astronomy
Biology
Chemistry
Earth Sciences
Physics
Engineering / Technology
Aerospace engineering
Biotechnology / Biological engineering
Biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Computer science (is also Formal Science) / Computer engineering
Electrical engineering
Electronics engineering
Environmental engineering
Industrial engineering
Marine engineering / Naval architecture
Materials science and engineering
Mechanical engineering
Nuclear science and engineering
Healthcare sciences
Dentistry and oral health
Medicine and surgery
Veterinary medicine / Veterinary surgery
Organizations
Institute of Knowledge Transfer
International Society for Knowledge Organization
Open Knowledge International
Publications
Books
A Guide for the Perplexed – critique of materialist scientism and an exploration of the nature and organization of knowledge. By E. F. Schumacher.
Knowledge and Its Limits
Journals
Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management
Journal of Information & Knowledge Management
Journal of Information Science
Journal of Knowledge Management
Journal of Knowledge Management Practice
Journal of Web Semantics
Knowledge Management Research & Practice
See also
Belief
Data
Information
Truth
Wisdom
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Knowledge building
Knowledge enterprise
Empirical knowledge
Simple Knowledge Organization System
Encyclopedic knowledge
Knowledge intensive business services
Knowledge entrepreneurship
Institutional memory
Omniscience
Knowledge environment
Personal knowledge management
Knowledge management software
Tribal knowledge
Democratization of knowledge
Open Knowledge Base Connectivity
Knowledge integration
Knowledge triangle
Curse of knowledge
Knowledge value chain
Economics of scientific knowledge
Specialization of knowledge
Knowledge ark
Knowledge building communities
Knowledge-based theory of the firm
Half-life of knowledge
Forbidden knowledge
Encapsulated knowledge
Threshold knowledge
History of knowledge
Social knowledge management
List of knowledge management concepts
Knowledge compilation
List of lists of lists
References
External links
Diagrams of knowledge from throughout society and history
Knowledge
Knowledge |
Tarasyevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Kisnemskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 42 as of 2002. There are five streets.
Geography
Tarasyevo is located 25 km northwest of Lipin Bor (the district's administrative centre) by road. Sidorovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Vashkinsky District |
Hotze "Harry" Koch ( ; 22 October 1867 – 21 June 1942) was a Dutch-born American businessman who founded the Quanah Tribune-Chief newspaper. He was the father of Fred C. Koch (1900–1967), founder of Koch Industries.
Early life and education
Koch was born in the Dutch Frisian town of Workum, Netherlands. He was the second child of the physician Johan Anthon Koch (1836–1910) and Gatske Hotzes Jorritsma (1837–1876). Koch's paternal grandfather had been a shipowner from Sande in German East Frisia who had shipwrecked off the coast of Workum, where he eventually married the mayor's daughter. Koch's mother died during the birth of her eighth child, and his father remarried Petronella de Swart, the daughter of a banker. Harry Koch had five surviving siblings and another five half-siblings who all remained in the Netherlands. After working as a printer's apprentice in The Hague and (Germany), Koch emigrated to the United States in 1888. He first lived in Dutch enclaves in Chicago and Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he worked for Dutch-language newspapers.
Career and politics
Around 1890 he moved to Eastern Texas, where the humid climate drove him soon West to settle in the railroad town Quanah. At the time, Quanah had three newspapers, the Quanah Eagle, the Quanah Chief and the Quanah Tribune. He had saved enough to purchase the Quanah Tribune and then merged it with the Quanah Chief in 1897 forming the Quanah Tribune-Chief. He was also a founding shareholder of the Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railway. Koch used his newspaper to promote this railroad as well as his libertarian political ideas. During the depression, he fiercely opposed Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and wrote opinion pieces against trade unions, retirement pensions, and the regulation of banks.
Personal life
In 1898, Koch married Margaret (Mattie) Mixson (born in 1874 in Quanah, TX; died 1941). She was the daughter of Hester (née Blessingame) and John Baptist Mixson (1851–1927) of Quanah, Texas (he was the son of Simeon Mixson and Margaret Campbell). They had two sons:
Anton Koch worked as advertising manager at the Tribune-Chief.
Fred C. Koch (1900–1967) went on to found Koch Industries.
References
External links
Quanah Tribune-Chief frontpage
1867 births
1942 deaths
19th-century Dutch people
American newspaper publishers (people)
American people of Frisian descent
Dutch emigrants to the United States
Dutch printers
Harry
People from Nijefurd
Old Right (United States)
19th-century American businesspeople
Dutch businesspeople
People from Quanah, Texas
American libertarians |
Exilisia perlucida is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Hervé de Toulgoët in 1954. It is found on Madagascar.
References
Exilisia
Moths described in 1954 |
Wesley Deenen (born 24 July 1993, in Venray) is a Dutch footballer who plays as a right winger. He played for FC Oss in the Dutch Eerste Divisie.
Club career
Deenen came through the N.E.C. youth system and joined FC Oss on loan in summer 2012. He made his professional debut on 31 August 2012 against Almere City and left Oss after the 2013/14 season.
He left Germania Groesbeek in summer 2016 for fellow amateurs SV Venray.
References
External links
Voetbal International profile
1993 births
Living people
People from Venray
Men's association football wingers
Dutch men's footballers
TOP Oss players
Eerste Divisie players
Footballers from Limburg (Netherlands)
NEC Nijmegen players |
Judaberg is a village in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern shore of the island of Finnøy. The island is located on the south side of the Boknafjorden, northeast of the large city of Stavanger.
The village has a population (2019) of 850 and a population density of . Judaberg is the commercial centre of the municipality with several small industries as well as shopping. The Rygjabø upper secondary school, the only high school in Finnøy is located here. The newspaper Øyposten has been published in Judaberg since 1999.
Judaberg is a transportation hub of the island municipality with several ferry routes connecting to all the surrounding islands such as Ombo, Sjernarøyane, Halsnøya, and Fogn as well as to the village of Nedstrand on the mainland. There is also high speed ferry service to the city of Stavanger. Judaberg is connected to the mainland by road by a series of bridges and undersea tunnels including the Finnøy Tunnel, Mastrafjord Tunnel, and Byfjord Tunnel.
Prior to 2020, the village was the administrative centre of the old Finnøy municipality.
References
Villages in Rogaland
Stavanger |
Patrick "Pat" McMahon (born 19 September 1945) is a Scottish former footballer who is best known for the time he spent with Aston Villa and Celtic.
Kilsyth Rangers
McMahon began his football career at local Scottish team Kilsyth Rangers. He moved to London, working for the GPO. In April 1967, Kilsyth Rangers sent him a telegram asking him to play for them in the Scottish Junior Cup final as last minute replacement for an injured player. He performed splendidly, and they won the cup.
Celtic
While with Kilsyth Rangers, he wrote to Celtic, asking for trials. Celtic responded promptly and signed him. He spent only two seasons at Celtic Park, and could only manage three league match outings, resulting in two goals.
Aston Villa
In July 1969, Aston Villa manager Tommy Docherty signed him on a free transfer, pipping Dunfermline for his signature. McMahon was in Aston Villa's 1971 Football League Cup Final team and gained a Third Division Championship medal in 1972.
NASL
He left Villa in March 1976 to join goalkeeper teammate Jimmy Cumbes in the North American Soccer League. In the NASL he played for the Portland Timbers, Colorado Caribous and Atlanta Chiefs. He also played one season of indoor with Atlanta. He returned for a final season with Portland in 1982 but did not appear in any matches.
McMahon still works in USA in the aluminum industry.
References
External links
McMahon's young Bio
NASL stats
NASL indoor stats
1945 births
Living people
People from Kilsyth
Footballers from North Lanarkshire
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Kilsyth Rangers F.C. players
Celtic F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Portland Timbers (1975–1982) players
Caribous of Colorado players
Atlanta Chiefs players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
Scottish expatriate men's footballers
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
People from Croy |
was a town located in Mugi District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.
As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,621 and a density of 233.87 persons per km². The total area was 28.31 km².
On February 7, 2005, Mugegawa, along with the town of Mugi, and the villages of Horado, Itadori and Kaminoho (all from Mugi District), was merged into the expanded city of Seki.
Notes
External links
Seki official website
Dissolved municipalities of Gifu Prefecture
Populated places disestablished in 2005
Seki, Gifu
2005 disestablishments in Japan |
Alkanna is a genus of herbaceous plants including about 60 species of the family Boraginaceae.
Selected species
A. amana Rech.f.
A. angustifolia Sümbül
A. areolata Boiss.
A. attilae P.H.Davis
A. aucheriana A.DC.
A. auranitica Mouterde
A. bracteosa Boiss.
A. caliensis Heldr. ex Boiss.
A. cappadocica Boiss. & Balansa
A. confusa Sam. ex Rech.f.
A. corcyrensis Hayek
A. cordifolia K.Koch
A. dumanii Sümbül
A. frigida Boiss.
A. froedinii Rech.f.
A. galilaea Boiss.
A. graeca Boiss. & Spruner
A. haussknechtii Bornm.
A. hirsutissima (Bertol.) A.DC.
A. hispida Hub.-Mor.
A. incana Boiss.
A. jordanovii St.Kozhukharov
A. kotschyana A.DC.
A. leiocarpa Rech.f.
A. leptophylla Rech.f.
A. lutea A.DC.
A. macrophylla Boiss. & Heldr.
A. macrosiphon Boiss. & Heldr.
A. maleolens Bornm.
A. megacarpa A.DC.
A. methanaea Hausskn.
A. milliana Sümbül
A. mughlae H.Duman, Güner& Cagban
A. noneiformis Griseb.
A. oreodaxo Hub.-Mor.
A. orientalis (L.) Boiss.
A. pamphylica Hub.-Mor. & Reese
A. pelia (Halácsy) Rech.f.
A. phrygia Bornm.
A. pinardi Boiss.
A. pindicola Hausskn.
A. prasinophylla Rech.f.
A. primuliflora Griseb.
A. pseudotinctoria Hub.-Mor.
A. pulmonaria Griseb.
A. punctulata Hub.-Mor.
A. sandwithii Rech.f.
A. sartoriana Boiss. & Heldr.
A. saxicola Hub.-Mor.
A. scardica Griseb.
A. shattuckia Post
A. sieberi A.DC.
A. sieheana Rech.f.
A. stojanovii St.Kozhukharov
A. stribrnyi Velen.
A. strigosa Boiss. & Hohen.
A. syriaca (Boiss. & Hohen.) Boiss.
A. tinctoria (L.) Tausch
A. trichophila Hub.-Mor.
A. tubulosa Boiss.
A. verecunda Hub.-Mor.
A. viscidula Boiss.
List sources : NOTE: Each species from the list at Tropicos.org was also checked against its corresponding entry at theplantlist.org for accepted status before being included on this page.
References
Boraginoideae
Boraginaceae genera |
Athena I. Vakali (born 1963) is a Greek computer scientist whose topics of research include social networks, cloud computing, smart cities, and content delivery networks. She is a professor of informatics at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Vakali earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 1985, and a master's degree in computer science from Purdue University in 1988. Returning to Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, she completed a Ph.D. in informatics in 1997, and has been a member of the informatics faculty of the university since 1998.
She is the editor of books including Web Data Management Practices: Emerging Techniques and Technologies (with George Pallis, Idea Group, 2007), Content Delivery Networks (with Rajkumar Buyya and Mukaddim Pathan, Springer, 2008), and New Directions in Web Data Management (with Lakhmi C. Jain, Springer, 2011).
Vakali is an Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Distinguished Speaker.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Greek computer scientists
Greek women computer scientists
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki alumni
Purdue University alumni
Academic staff of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki |
Donnellsmithia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Apiaceae.
Its native range is Mexico to western Venezuela. It is found in the countries of Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá and Venezuela.
The genus name of Donnellsmithia is in honour of John Donnell Smith (1829–1928), an American biologist and taxonomist, it was published in Bot. Gaz. Vol.15 on page 15 in 1890.
Known species:
Donnellsmithia ampulliformis
Donnellsmithia biennis
Donnellsmithia breedlovei
Donnellsmithia coahuilensis
Donnellsmithia cordata
Donnellsmithia dissecta
Donnellsmithia guatemalensis
Donnellsmithia hintonii
Donnellsmithia juncea
Donnellsmithia madrensis
Donnellsmithia mexicana
Donnellsmithia ovata
Donnellsmithia pinnatisecta
Donnellsmithia reticulata
Donnellsmithia serrata
Donnellsmithia silvicola
Donnellsmithia submontana
Donnellsmithia ternata
Donnellsmithia tuberosa
References
Apioideae
Plants described in 1890
Flora of Central America
Flora of Mexico |
Epsilon Tauri b (abbreviated ε Tauri b or ε Tau b), formally named Amateru , is a super-Jupiter exoplanet orbiting the K-type giant star Epsilon Tauri approximately 155 light-years (47.53 parsecs, or nearly km) away from the Earth in the constellation of Taurus. It orbits the star further out than Earth orbits the Sun. It has moderate eccentricity.
The planet orbits one of the four giant stars in the Hyades cluster that is 2.7 times the mass of the Sun, making it the most massive planet-harboring star. This provides evidence that it was an A-type star when it was on the main-sequence.
Name
In July 2014, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets. The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names. In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name was Amateru for this planet. The name was based on that submitted by the Kamagari Astronomical Observatory of Kure, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan: namely 'Amaterasu', the Shinto goddess of the Sun, born from the left eye of the god Izanagi. The IAU substituted 'Amateru' - which is a common Japanese appellation for shrines when they enshrine Amaterasu - because 'Amaterasu' is already used for asteroid 10385 Amaterasu.
Characteristics
Mass, radius and temperature
Epsilon Tauri b is a "super-Jupiter", an exoplanet that has a radius and mass larger than that of the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. It has a temperature of . It has an estimated mass of around 7.6 and a potential radius of around 18% larger than Jupiter (1.18 , or 12 ) based on its mass, since it is more massive than the jovian planet.
Host star
The planet orbits a (K-type) giant star named Epsilon Tauri. It has exhausted the hydrogen supply in its core and is currently fusing helium. The star has a mass of 2.7 and a radius of around 12.6 . It has a surface temperature of 4901 K and is 625 million years old. In comparison, the Sun is about 4.6 billion years old and has a surface temperature of 5778 K.
The star's apparent magnitude, or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 3.53. Therefore, Epsilon Tauri can be seen with the naked eye.
Orbit
Epsilon Tauri b orbits its star with nearly 97 times the Sun's luminosity (97 ) every 645 days at a distance of 1.93 AU (compared to Mars' orbital distance from the Sun, which is 1.52 AU). It has a mildly eccentric orbit, with an eccentricity of 0.15.
Discovery
Epsilon Tauri b was discovered by using the High Dispersion Echelon Spectrograph at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO) as part of a process to study G-type and K-type giant stars to search for exoplanets. Measurements of radial velocity from Epsilon Tauri were taken between December 2003 and July 2006. Wobbles in the star were detected, and after analyzing the data, it was eventually concluded that there was a planetary companion with a mass 7 times that of Jupiter orbiting Epsilon Tauri every 645 days, or nearly 2 years with an eccentricity of 0.15.
See also
4 Ursae Majoris b
Epsilon Eridani b
Epsilon Reticuli Ab
In popular culture
The planet Amateru is mentioned by name in the science fiction book Starsong Chronicles: Exodus by American author JJ Clayborn.
References
External links
Taurus (constellation)
Giant planets
Exoplanets discovered in 2007
Exoplanets detected by radial velocity
Exoplanets with proper names |
Iphitrachelus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Platygastridae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
Iphitrachelus africanus Huggert, 1976
Iphitrachelus canadensis Masner, 1976
References
Platygastridae
Hymenoptera genera |
The Škoda 1000 MB and Škoda 1100 MB are two rear-engined, rear-wheel drive small family cars produced by Czechoslovakian manufacturer AZNP in Mladá Boleslav between 1964 and 1969. The 2-door coupé versions of the 1000 MB and 1100 MB were called 1000 MBX and 1100 MBX.
New layout introduction
In 1955, the year when Škoda 440/445 made its first appearance, Škoda started making plans for a new car for the 1960s. Initial plans for the car were to make it as light and fuel-efficient as possible; it was planned to weigh no more than 700 kg, and the overall fuel consumption was expected not to exceed 6–7 litres per 100 kilometres (33-38mpg).
The next step was to produce the car as a four-door saloon, which would be built using monocoque construction. Like most leading car manufacturers dating from before World War II, Škoda had always built their cars using the traditional and well-proven front-engine and rear-wheel drive layout.
As the front-engined-with-front-wheel-drive option was unsuccessful due to higher cost and design complexity, Škoda opted for the rear-engined-with-rear-wheel-drive format. Even by the early 1960s, the idea of rear-engined small family saloons was still considered to be reasonably popular. In France, there were the Renault Dauphine, Renault 8 and Simca 1000, in Germany the Volkswagen Beetle and NSU Prinz, in Italy the Fiats 500 and 600, and in Britain the Hillman Imp, all of which employed the rear-engined concept.
A new era for Škoda
Škoda 1000 MB (the letters ‘MB’ being the initials of Mladá Boleslav) made its debut in April 1964, as the successor for the Škoda Octavia. This was just the beginning of what was to eventually evolve into a long line of rear-engined Škodas. The engine that powered the 1000 MB was a 988cc (1-litre), 4-cylinder, overhead valve (OHV) unit that produced . It was water-cooled, with an aluminum cylinder block and cast iron cylinder head. The 1000 MB had a four-speed manual all-synchromesh gearbox, all-round independent suspension, swing axle rear suspension, and drum brakes for all wheels.
1000 MB was a stylish four-door saloon, measuring 13 feet 8 inches in length and 5 feet 4 inches in width, with a wheelbase of 7 feet 10 inches. It featured a steeply sloping nose flanked by rounded front wings (not unlike the Ford Anglia 105E of the time). Being a rear-engined car, the 1000 MB's radiator and (engine-driven) cooling fan were situated in the rear engine compartment, so a series of slats were cut into each rear wing and the rear panel to increase the flow of air that was needed for cooling the engine. Apart from these vents, everything else in the 1000 MB's styling was conventional, undoubtedly in an attempt to appeal the conservative-minded buyers in export countries like the UK. The car was highly successful both for the Škoda Works and the Czechoslovak economy in general.
By early 1965, the British were starting to receive the 1000 MB, priced at a reasonable £579, which worked out cheaper than similarly-sized domestic four-door saloons like the Ford Cortina 1200 (at £592) and Hillman Minx Deluxe (at £636). For this low price, the 1000 MB was well equipped, with reclining front seats, a heater and demister, full tool kit, and a generously sized boot up front as well as a useful storage area behind the split/folding rear seat. Many salesman rightly stated over the years that the 1000 MB was “a lot of car for the money.”
The 1000 MB's overall performance was acceptable, especially when you remember how small an engine it had for a car of its size (as mentioned, a 1-litre engine in a car 13 feet 8 inches long by 5 feet 3 inches wide). Its top speed was 120 km/h (75 mph), reaching 100 km/h (62 mph) from standstill in 27 seconds. Overall fuel economy was around 36 miles per gallon (6.5 litres per 100 km).
By the late 1960s, Škoda decided it was time for an update of the ‘MB series, which they did with the introduction of the Škoda 100 and Škoda 110 in August 1969. By this time, a total of 443,141 ‘MBs were built. The ‘MBX series, produced in very limited numbers (2,517 in total), is now an extreme rarity.
Production figures
'MB series timeline
April 2, 1964: Introduction of the 1000 MB (Type 990) four-door saloon. It had a rear-mounted 988cc four-cylinder engine giving at 4650 rpm.
April 1, 1966: Introduction of the 1000 MB de Luxe (Type 721) four-door saloon with a more powerful version of the 988 cc engine. It had better trim than the standard 'MB.
April 3, 1966: Introduction of the 1000 MB (Type 721) and 1000 MBG de Luxe (Type 710) four-door saloons and 1000 MBX de Luxe 2-door coupe (Type 990T). The standard 1000 MB now had the same engine as the MB de Luxe, while the 'MBG and 'MBX had a twin carburettor 52 hp (38 kW) version of the same engine.
1967: The 1100 MB De Luxe and 1100 MBX De Luxe models enter production
September 1969: All 'MB series replaced by the new Škoda 100 series.
Gallery
Models
Details
References
External links
Development history, prototypes, pictures, technical data, spare parts catalog
Škoda 1000 MB road test
1000MB
Cars powered by rear-mounted 4-cylinder engines
Cars introduced in 1964
Coupés
Sedans
Cars discontinued in 1969 |
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