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Kathlyn is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:
Kathlyn Curtis (born 1963), Canadian judge
Kathlyn Gilliam (1930–2011), American civil rights activist
Kathlyn Kelly (1919–2006), American athlete
Kathlyn Ragg (born 1962), Fijian cyclist
Kathlyn Williams (1879–1960), American actress
See also
The Adventures of Kathlyn, 1913 film
Kathleen (given name)
Kathryn (name)
Feminine given names
Filipino feminine given names |
```objective-c
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
*/
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <WeexSDK/WXModuleProtocol.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface WXDebugTool : NSObject<WXModuleProtocol>
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance;
//+ (void)showFPS;
+ (void)setDebug:(BOOL)isDebug;
+ (BOOL)isDebug;
+ (void)setDevToolDebug:(BOOL)isDevToolDebug;
+ (BOOL)isDevToolDebug;
+ (void)setReplacedBundleJS:(NSURL*)url;
+ (NSString*)getReplacedBundleJS;
+ (void)setReplacedJSFramework:(NSURL*)url;
+ (NSString*)getReplacedJSFramework;
+ (BOOL) cacheJsService: (NSString *)name withScript: (NSString *)script withOptions: (NSDictionary * _Nullable) options;
+ (BOOL) removeCacheJsService: (NSString *)name;
+ (NSDictionary *) jsServiceCache;
+ (BOOL)isRemoteTracing;
+ (void)setRemoteTracing:(BOOL)isRemoteTracing;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
``` |
Bhalevadivi Basu is a 2001 Telugu-language action comedy film directed by P. A. Arun Prasad. It stars Nandamuri Balakrishna, Anjala Zhaveri, Shilpa Shetty and the music was composed by Mani Sharma. The film was produced by Sivalenka Krishna Prasad under the Sridevi Movies banner. Bhalevadivi Basu created a lot of hype since it followed the stupendous hit of Narasimha Naidu and was intended to be an image make-over for Nandamuri Balakrishna from action hero to family hero. The film was not commercially successful.
Plot
The film begins at an airport where foreigners are red-handedly caught for Wildlife smuggling and customs officer Benerjee shoots them. At the hospital, they confess their chieftain as Banerjee when the blackguard blasts. The Government of India posts a dynamic ranger Sagar a new appointee to Sileru forest. Taking charge with his driver Balu, he snatches traffickers and runs an affinity with subordinates & local tribes. Subsequently, a tribal girl Nemali infatuated with him. In bridge, Swetha senior to Sagar lands that too loves him, and a compete starts between the two. After a few comic scenes, an anonymous woman Kavitha arrives as a social worker who is suspected as a spy of a brutal. Ongoing, Banerjee ploys a high range of poaching which Sagar & Swetha seize. Accordingly, Govt rewarded Sagar for his achievement which he contributes by constructing a hospital. During its inauguration, Kavitha declares him as an imposter by showing the photograph of the original Sagar. Here as a flabbergast, Sagar proclaims it as true and declares him as Prabhu. Plus, Kavitha is Sagar’s sister Sunitha and spins rearward.
Prabhu & Jaggu are hardcore thieves and act as mock witnesses in court. Once, a wicked cop CI Bhushan hires them for a charge against an innocent but they are honest when Bhushan is suspended and avenged. Currently, Prabhu pickpocket Sagar but feels regret reading a letter and retrieves it. Whereat, Sagar divulges his story, from childhood, he is passionate about education for which his mother Lalithamma strived hard with Sunitha. This minute, he is under IFS selection temporarily, sending his hard earnings home. Listening to it, Prabhu discloses his real face still Sagar respects him. Therefrom, amity between them, and Prabhu treats Sagar as his sibling. In parallel, Prabhu is cognizant that Lalithamma is ailing and operated on soon. Thus, Prabhu words to save his mother and asks Sagar to proceed. Exploiting it, CI Bhushan incriminates Prabhu & Jaggu as homicides but they abscond and reach the forest where sight an accident. Sagar is gravely wounded in it and leaves his breath. Hence, Prabhu is determined to keep Sagar alive for the survival of his mother & sister. Hearing it, Sunitha comprehends Prabhu's virtue. Next, Lalithamma fixes Sunitha's alliance when to conceal Sagar’s death Prabhu moves and performs the nuptial. Despite being aware of the fact, Lalithamma withstands and accepts Prabhu as her elder. Soon after, Prabhu hunts one of the tribes Anji as Benerjee's agent, rushes to the forest where they unwrap their dealings, and Sagar is assassinated by them. As of today, Banerjee wiles to destroy the forest. At last, Prabhu ceases the baddies and proves himself non-guilty. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with Prabhu fusing with the two.
Cast
Nandamuri Balakrishna as Sagar/Prabhu
Shilpa Shetty as Swetha
Anjala Zaveri as Nemali
Venkat as Sagar
Prakash Raj as Benerjee
Brahmanandam as Cook Bhima Rao
Sumitra as Lalithamma (Sagar's mother)
Sudhakar as Balu / Jaggu
Mallikarjuna Rao as Ammi Raju
Bhupinder Singh as Anji
M. Balayya as Judge
Raghunatha Reddy as Judge
Sivaji Raja as Kamal
Kallu Chidambaram as Manmadha Rao
Gundu Hanumantha Rao
Gautam Raju
Satya Prakash as C. I. Bhushan
Juttu Narasimham as Kodi Rammurthy
Swathi as Sunitha
Vichitra as Pushpa
Indu Anand
Soundtrack
Music composed by Mani Sharma. Music released on Supreme Music Company.
References
External links
2001 films
Films scored by Mani Sharma
2000s Telugu-language films
Films directed by P. A. Arun Prasad |
Benjamin Griffin (born 1977) is a British peace activist, and former British Army infantry soldier.
Early life
Griffin was born in 1977 in London, England, to a family with military connections. He spent his childhood years in South London, his family relocating to Machynlleth in Wales when he was nine, and he received his formal education there and later in Swansea. During his teenage years he received early military training with the Army Cadet Force.
Military career
In 1997 at the age of nineteen he enlisted with the British Army's Parachute Regiment, going on to serve with its 2nd Battalion in garrison duty in Northern Ireland in the winding down of Operation Banner in the late 1990s-early 2000s, and in the Balkans where the battalion assisted with the disarming of the Macedonia National Liberation Army in the Western Macedonia mountains in 2001. In 2002 the battalion deployed to Afghanistan for 2 months, conducting policing operations, and training the Afghan National Army in the city of Kabul. Griffin subsequently applied to join the Special Air Service Regiment, and having passed its aptitude trials, he was attached to the S.A.S. in 2003.
At the beginning of 2005 he was deployed with the 22nd Special Air Service Regiment's 'G' Squadron in counter-insurgency operations in Baghdad in the aftermath of the 2nd Persian Gulf War. Griffin had already possessed personal political unease at the actions of the British Government in initiating the United Kingdom's entry into the conflict before his deployment in theatre, and during three months in the environs of the capital city he became disillusioned with the nature of the work in which he was engaged. He later cited concerns about the occupation demeanor towards the local population of United States Army units of 'Multi-National Force - Iraq' that he was working with, accusing them of being "trigger happy" compared with British Army's fire discipline, overtly racially prejudiced, and morally objected to detainees that his Squadron were responsible for locating and arresting being handed over to United States Army custody, in which he believed they were being physically abused in pursuance of information. A low point was reached during the deployment when the Commanding Officer of 22. Special Air Service Regiment on a visit to Griffin's Squadron in Baghdad expressed the view, openly to unit's personnel, that he himself had declining confidence in their mission, and that he was uneasy that they were in jeopardy of being turned in to a secret police force in the Iraqi state under United States' authority. In consequence, whilst on leave in the United Kingdom Griffin sought and obtained permission to resign from the British Army in 2005.
Political activism
On leaving the British Army he was employed briefly in corporate security work, before becoming involved in anti-war activism. His initial public pronouncements involved a critique of the use of the British military to facilitate the foreign policy of the United States, but subsequently he broadened his criticism against what he perceives as a subliminal militaristic culture that is socially inherent in the United Kingdom.
In 2008 the British Government imposed a legal injunction upon Griffin to prevent him publicly discussing operations that he had been involved in whilst in Iraq in 2005, where he alleged that Iraqi civilian detainees were severely mistreated by the United States forces in pursuance of intelligence information, which the British military was complicit in.
Griffin is the Co-ordinator of the United Kingdom branch of Veterans for Peace.
In 2011 Griffin took part in a demonstration outside the American Embassy in London in support of Chelsea Manning, a United States Army soldier who had released a mass of classified military documents to public view via an internet outlet.
In April 2013 Griffin took part in a debate at the Oxford Union supporting the proposition "We will not fight for Queen and Country", during which he stated that patriotism is a "false religion", that was propagated self-servingly by influential elitist groups in society who financially benefited from it. He also stated that the professional British Army is composed primarily of the modern equivalent of men-at-arms, whose military service is motivated by other causes than patriotism, and the British Army's esprit de corps is "to go to war, any war" for self-possessed warlike motivation, rather than for more principled aspirations.
In March 2015, as a representative of Veterans for Peace, Griffin went to Northern Ireland to meet with ex-paramilitaries from the Provisional Irish Republican Army, including Seanna Breathnach. At the conclusion of the meeting Griffin and other representatives of Veterans for Peace expressed a new understanding of the IRA's perspective during The Troubles, and expressed remorse about aspects of their military service with the British Army during Operation Banner. The ex-IRA participants expressed in return a new understanding of the "programming" that the Veterans for Peace representatives had explained they had been subjected to in the British Army, but stated they shared no reciprocal regrets about their own activities in the conflict.
In December 2015 Griffin along with two other members of Veterans for Peace publicly discarded their military service medals and service berets, and renounced their military Oath of Allegiance outside the gates of Downing Street in a protest demonstration against the British Government's entry into the Syrian Civil War.
See also
List of peace activists
References
1977 births
Living people
Special Air Service soldiers
Military personnel from London
Date of birth missing (living people)
British human rights activists |
Pop-Up Dynamo! is the debut studio album by Swedish pop band PG Roxette, released on 19 October 2022 by Elevator Entertainment and Parlophone. The band was formed by Roxette songwriter Per Gessle following the death of vocalist Marie Fredriksson in 2019. The album was recorded alongside several long-time Roxette contributors, including keyboardist and producer Clarence Öfwerman, bassist Magnus Börjeson, guitarists Jonas Isacsson and Christoffer Lundquist, and vocalists Helena Josefsson and Dea Norberg. The record also features vocals from Swedish singer Léon.
Five singles were released from the album: "The Loneliest Girl in the World", "Walking on Air", "My Chosen One", "Headphones On", and a Lost Boys remix of "The Craziest Thing". Several other releases were issued by the band during the album's promotion cycle, including the non-album single "Wish You the Best for Xmas", and the four track Incognito EP. The band also released a cover version of the Metallica song "Nothing Else Matters".
The album received generally positive reviews upon release, with reviews commending Gessle for continuing to record using the traditional Roxette sound. It was a commercial success as well, debuting at number two in Gessle's native Sweden, and charting in several other European territories.
Background and recording
Swedish pop music duo Roxette were formed in 1986 by songwriter Per Gessle and vocalist Marie Fredriksson. Fredriksson died on 9 December 2019; she had been diagnosed with a brain tumour in 2002. Gessle had written the majority of Roxette's songs, but said he would not continue recording under the Roxette name following Fredriksson's death, saying instead that he wanted to find a new way to "keep the legacy of Roxette alive. I've written almost every song Roxette has recorded over the years, and they mean the world to me." He said: "Replacing Marie is impossible, and that was never my intention. Our Roxette era was a fantasy come true that we got to experience together. I look forward to continuing this journey, but in a different way. If Marie were still with us, we would of course do it together."
Gessle created the band name PG Roxette, and chose vocalists Helena Josefsson and Dea Norberg to sing on Pop-Up Dynamo!. Both singers had provided vocals on Gessle's previous work, either on his solo material or as backing vocalists on Roxette's later discography. The album was recorded alongside several other long-time contributors to Roxette, including keyboardist and producer Clarence Öfwerman, bassist Magnus Börjeson, and guitarists Jonas Isacsson and Christoffer Lundquist. "My Chosen One" features vocals from Swedish singer Léon. Pop-Up Dynamo! is dedicated to both Fredrikson and Roxette drummer Per "Pelle" Alsing, who died in 2020.
Composition and style
"Walking on Air" was the first song Gessle wrote for Pop-Up Dynamo!, and was the template used to create the rest of the album. He sought to mix modern production techniques with the sound of previous Roxette albums Look Sharp! (1988) and Joyride (1991). The song was written at the request of the producers of Top Gun: Maverick, who asked him to compose a song for a scene in the film where a character is "dancing on a beach." He said the producers "never came back to me, so I kept the song for myself. I don't know if they didn't like it, or if they skipped that particular scene." Helena Josefsson sings lead vocals in the chorus, with overdubbed vocals by Dea Norberg.
Renowned for Sound described "Me and You and Everything In Between" as one of the album's highlights, and a possible single. The song was demoed by Gessle and Mats Persson in May 2020 at Tits & Ass Studio in Halmstad. Their demo was predominantly acoustic, but Clarence Öfwerman and Magnus Börjeson's production resulted in the song become more electronic; Gessle said their production made the song sound "like a hit single from a different era." "Headphones On" was written in March 2021 and was the last song composed for the album; it was written because Gessle felt the record needed another uptempo track. The track features a guitar solo by Roxette guitarist Jonas Isacsson, and the chorus features layered vocals from Gessle, Josefsson and Norberg. Co-producer Christoffer Lundquist was the vocal producer of the track.
"You Hurt the One You Love the Most" was co-written by Gessle with German producer Giorgio Tuinfort, who had previously worked with artists including Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston and Lady Gaga. The song was written in February 2020 after Tuinfort commented during a writing session that he wanted to compose a song in the vein of Roxette's 1988 single "Listen to Your Heart". Gessle was initially dismissive and said he "laughed at bit" at the idea, but described the song as "beautiful". Numerous reviews favourably compared it to "Listen to You Heart". "Watch Me Come Undone" is a mid-tempo synth-pop ballad that features Dea Norberg singing lead vocals on the chorus.
Gessle wrote the majority of "The Craziest Thing" in February 2021, but said he struggled to write a chorus for the song. The eventual chorus was taken from an unreleased demo he co-wrote with Swedish musician Eddie Jonsson in the mid-1980s. Gessle said producers Öfwerman and Börjeson turned the song into an "80's bonanza ... with orchestra hits and everything. It made me laugh but I liked it." Barometern compared the track to the work of the Pet Shop Boys, as did Renowned for Sound, who also compared it to Kylie Minogue and the theme to the video game Mortal Kombat. "Debris" was written in June 2019, with its demo recorded at Tits & Ass Studio in the summer of 2020. The album version features vocals from Helena Josefsson and Dea Norberg in the chorus, with Lundquist performing Ondes Martenot.
"The Loneliest Girl in the World" was written in March 2020, and was initially more guitar-driven than the version that appears on Pop-Up Dynamo!. Gessle said producers Öfwerman and Börjeson altered the track considerably to make it fit alongside the rest of the album, a process which included removing the song's bridge. Renowned for Sound described it as an "infectious pop gem", and Barometern compared it to the work of The Cars. "Jezebel" was originally written as a country song, and was first demoed for Gessle's 2018 solo album Small Town Talk. The Pop-Up Dynamo! version was recorded in the spring of 2021 at Aerosol Grey Machine in Scania, and is the only song on the album produced by Lundquist. Gessle was initially reluctant to include it on the album, noting how different it was to the rest of the material. Barometern compared the song to Fleetwood Mac.
"My Chosen One" was written and demoed in December 2019 at Tits & Ass Studio, with lead vocals performed by Helena Josefsson. However, after Gessle heard a Léon song on Swedish radio, he invited her to sing lead on the track. Léon's vocals were recorded at Martin's Place in Stockholm, a studio owned by Dutch musician Martin Garrix. "Walk Right In" was composed by Gessle on piano in May 2020. He said its chord progression came "by accident. I played E minor then G minor instead of G major, which is the standard companion to the E minor chord." The song features extended vocal phrasing at the end of each line; Gessle realised he would be unable to perform the vocal, so invited Josefsson to sing on the demo. According to Gessle, producers Öfwerman and Börjeson "found a whole new angle" that was not present on the song's demo, explaining: "They created this bass and groove in a Giorgio Moroder-style that I didn't have on my demo at all. I thought it was really clever." Renowned for Sound said the song begins as "a sweet slow-burner, [but] quickly transforms into a disco-inspired Blondie/Donna Summer toe-tapper", describing it as a "memorable closing to the record."
Release and promotion
The first release by PG Roxette was a cover of the Metallica song "Nothing Else Matters". The recording appeared on tribute album The Metallica Blacklist, released digitally in September 2021 and physically the following month, with all proceeds donated to charity. "The Loneliest Girl in the World" was released as the first single from Pop-Up Dynamo! on 3 June 2022, with a limited edition 7" vinyl single containing the b-side "Sunflower". A four-track digital EP was released on 15 July, featuring "Sunflower" and two remixes of the a-side by Bridge & Mountain.
"Walking on Air" was issued as the album's second single on 23 September. The limited edition 7" vinyl featured the b-side "Necessary", and a remix of the a-side by Bridge & Mountain. A five-track digital EP containing "Walking on Air", "The Loneliest Girl in the World", "Necessary", "Sunflower", and the Bridge & Mountain remix of "Walking on Air" was also released that same date. "Walking on Air" peaked at number 37 on the Argentine Airplay Chart. "My Chosen One" was released as a digital single on 24 October, containing a remix of album track "Jezebel" by Bridge & Mountain as the b-side. "My Chosen One" peaked at number 39 on the Swiss Airplay Chart.
The non-album single "Wish You the Best for Xmas" followed on 18 November. It was issued as a limited edition red-coloured 7" vinyl single, backed by another Christmas song titled "Wishing on the Same Christmas Star". Digital versions of the single contained instrumental versions of both tracks. The single peaked at number fifty on the Swedish DigiListan chart. "Headphones On" was released as a single on 13 January 2023. The four-track Incognito EP was issued digitally and as a limited edition 7" vinyl on 28 April, featuring four previously unreleased tracks: "Incognito", "Jelly Moon", "When She Needed Me the Most", and a remix of "Incognito" by Lost Boys. A Lost Boys remix of "The Craziest Thing" was released as a single on 18 August, containing an exclusive b-side titled "Just Perfect". It will be used as the official song for the 2023 European Table Tennis Championships, set to be held in September 2023 in Malmö.
Critical reception
The album received generally positive reviews from the Swedish music press, with several publications praising Gessle for expanding on the sound of previous Roxette albums. In their review, Aftonbladet said the ballads were the best songs on the album, but said Roxette fans would find the "danceable melodies and disco-pulsing synths" of the uptempo tracks appealing. Although they said Marie Fredriksson could never be replaced, and said the album plays like a tribute to her, they praised the vocals of Helena Josefsson and Dea Norberg. Expressen commented on the album's production aesthetic, saying Gessle "takes Roxette's legacy forward by glancing back fondly", summarising that Pop-Up Dynamo! is "a pretty fun retro rocker." Dagens Nyheter also described the album as "fun", and full of "exuberant and lustful sounds of the eighties". They went on to call Gessle a "pop genius", but said he should compose more challenging material to be successful artistically.
The album received some mixed reviews as well. Barometern lamented the loss of the acoustic sound of Gessle's latter solo work, describing the production of Pop-Up Dynamo! as "three steps back and one forward". Göteborgs-Posten criticised Gessle for continuing Roxette after the death of Marie Fredriksson, as did Gaffa, which said: "Instead of accepting defeat, Per Gessle chose to dust off his old synths and create a full-length album in the same style that gave Roxette four Billboard number ones."
International reception of the record was positive. Belgischer Rundfunk dubbed it the album of the week, saying that although Pop-Up Dynamo! signified the beginning of a new era of Gessle's discography, Roxette fans would "discover a lot of familiar elements in it, both musically and in the people involved". Renowned for Sound gave a glowing, detailed review of every track on the album, praising Gessle's decision to continue under the Roxette name. They summarised by saying Fredriksson would be "proud of the new songs Gessle has produced here. She may be gone, but she will always be within the very fabric of the Roxette name and the incredible legacy that she helped build and that will continue, hopefully for many years to come."
Track listing
All lyrics are written by Per Gessle; all music is composed by Gessle, except track 4 by Gessle and Giorgio Tuinfort and track 6 by Gessle and Eddie Jonsson.
Notes
signifies a co-producer
signifies a remixer
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Pop-Up Dynamo!.
All songs recorded at Tits & Ass Studio in Halmstad, Farozon in Malmö, and Aerosol Grey Machine in Scania between May 2020 and April 2021.
Additional recording at Sweetspot in Harplinge, Martin's Place in Stockholm, and Jam Studio in Halmstad.
All songs mixed by Ronny Lahti at Denebi Studios, Stockholm, except "Jezebel" mixed by Christoffer Lundquist at Aerosol Grey Machine, Scania.
All songs mastered by Björn Engelmann at Cutting Room Studios in Stockholm.
Musicians and technical personnel
Per Gessle – lead and background vocals, guitars, keyboards and production
Helena Josefsson – lead and background vocals
Dea Norberg – lead and background vocals
Léon – lead vocals on "My Chosen One"
Magnus Börjeson – bass guitar, guitars, keyboards, programming and engineering (at Farozon); production on all tracks except "Jezebel"
Micke Ek – additional recording and engineering (at Jam Studio)
Fredrik Etoall – photography
Jonas Isacsson – guitar
Staffan Karlsson – additional recording and engineering (at Sweetspot)
Christoffer Lundquist – guitars, keyboards, ondes martenot and engineering (at Aerosol Grey Machine); co-production on all tracks except "Jezebel"; production on "Jezebel"
Clarence Öfwerman – keyboards and programming; production on all tracks except "Jezebel"
Mats "MP" Persson – engineering (at Tits & Ass Studio)
Martin Stilling – additional recording and engineering (at Martin's Place)
Pär Wickholm – sleeve design
Charts
Release history
References
2022 albums
Roxette albums
Parlophone albums |
Nagasandra Hanumantha Shivashankara Reddy is an Indian politician who is a former Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from the INC. He is the former deputy speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly and 2018 Agriculture minister of Karnataka.He was a Member of Karnataka Legislative Assembly for five consecutive terms and for the sixth time he contested unsuccessfully..
Political career
Reddy was first elected to the Karnataka legislative assembly in 1999 as an independent candidate after being denied an INC ticket. Prior to this, he had served at the village council level. In the subsequent three State legislative assembly elections, Reddy contested as an INC nominee and won each time.
In July 2013, he was elected the Deputy Speaker of the Assembly in a unanimous election upon being the only candidate to file the nomination papers.
He was the Minister for Agriculture for Karnataka state, in H D Kumarswamy's second cabinet.
In 2023 General Elections to Legislative Assembly, Gauribidanur constituency, he lost by a margin of about 37,000 votes to K H Puttaswamy Gowda(Independent).
Personal life and education
Reddy was born on 24 September 1954 in a Vokkaliga family in H. Nagasandra, a village in Gowribidanur taluk, (in present-day Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka) to Subhashanamma and N. S. Hanumantha Reddy. An affluent family, it consisted of multiple independence activists. Reddy holds a bachelor's degree in agricultural sciences from the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.
References
External links
N. H. Shivashankara Reddy bio in Kannada
1954 births
Living people
Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka
Karnataka MLAs 1999–2004
Karnataka MLAs 2004–2007
Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013 |
Sergey Bukreyev (born 20 June 1976) is a Russian rower. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics.
References
1976 births
Living people
Russian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Russia
Rowers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Rowers from Moscow |
Significant form refers to an aesthetic theory developed by English art critic Clive Bell which specified a set of criteria for what qualified as a work of art. In his 1914 book, Art, Bell postulated that for an object to be deemed a work of art it required potential to provoke aesthetic emotion in its viewer, a quality he termed "significant form." Bell's definition explicitly separated significant form from beauty; in order to possess significant form, an object need not be attractive as long as it elicits an emotional response.
As Bell put it succinctly: "The important thing about a picture, however, is not how it is painted, but whether it provokes aesthetic emotion."
Semir Zeki, the neurobiologist, has written that the term "significant configuration" may be a better choice since, by Bell's definition, "significant form" is restricted to lines and colours whereas "significant configuration" is broader and may include features such as faces or bodies which must have a significant configuration to be recognized as such.
References
Sources
Text of Art Gutenberg Project
Concepts in aesthetics
Art criticism |
Black Field is a 2009 Canadian historical drama film and the debut of filmmaker Danishka Esterhazy. It is set in the 1870s and tells the story of a love triangle between a man and two sisters Maggie (Sara Canning) and Rose McGregor (Ferron Guerreiro).
Premise
Black Field is an historical drama set in the 1870s that tells of a love triangle about two British sisters Maggie (Sara Canning) and Rose McGregor (Ferron Guerreiro) and the man that comes between them.
Cast
Production
Black Field began principal filming on April 27, 2009 in Manitoba with development support from Canada's Super Channel.
Reception
Of its filming, Aaron Graham of Uptown wrote "writer/director Danishka Esterhazy's feature-length debut, Black Field, is shaping up to be a striking period piece". Reel West magazine gave the cover spot and presented a featured article on Black Field. After its premiere at the Vancouver International Film Festival, Marina Antunes of Row Three wrote "The film is notable for both its visuals and Canning's performance but also for its score..'" and summarized "Black Field is a gorgeous film which delivers a remarkable story of survival".
References
External links
2009 films
2000s historical drama films
English-language Canadian films
Films set in the 1870s
Films shot in Manitoba
Canadian historical drama films
2009 drama films
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films |
Rabah Driassa (19 August 1934 – 8 October 2021) was an Algerian painter and singer interpreting folk music. He was mostly active between the 1950s through 1980s where a number of his songs ("Hizia", "Nejma Qotbia", "El Goumri") became national hits in Algeria.
Biography
Drissa was born in 1934 in Blida. He lost his mother at the age of 12, and his father at 15. Being an orphan with five brothers to help, he started his career by sculpting on glass and working on miniatures. His introduction to the music world happened in 1953, when the radio broadcasting at Khaldoun in Algiers proposed him to sing his own musical composition.
Discography
Rabah Driassa has a rich discography compiled over the years through his career. Among his most famous hits:
"Ya Lhouta"
"Ya Tayr Lwarchane"
"Ya Tafaha"
"Al Momarida£"
"Ya Zayr Lemqam"
"Hizia"
"Nejma Qotbia"
"El Goumri"
References
External links
1934 births
2021 deaths
20th-century Algerian painters
People from Blida
Male painters
20th-century male artists
20th-century Algerian male singers
21st-century Algerian people |
The Toyota Ha:mo (from Harmonious Mobility) is a system for organizing public transport, integrating short-term rental of public electric vehicles with public transport. The second pillar of the system is the portal available in the browser and as a mobile application, suggesting the best combinations of connections and means of transport, taking into account public transport and automatic vehicle pickup points located in various points of the city. The portal and mobile application allow you to reserve a vehicle at a selected point.
The most used vehicle in the Ha:mo short-term rental system is the Toyota i-Road, a small three-wheeled vehicle that combines the features of a car and a scooter. The Ha:mo systems also use the COMS electric microcar produced by Toyota Auto Body.
So far (October 2015), Ha:mo has been implemented as a pilot program in three cities - Toyota, Grenoble and Tokyo.
Toyota declares that "The aim of the Ha:mo project is to try to organize low-emission, individual urban transport, i.e. producing minimal amounts of exhaust gas, without limiting the mobility of the society. The program is to lead to an effective increase in mobility thanks to new technological achievements. As part of Ha:mo, Toyota is constantly develops research on supercompact electric vehicles for short distances around the city."
References
Toyota
Carsharing
Road transport in Japan |
Chesalles-sur-Moudon is a former municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. In 2017 the former municipalities of Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Brenles, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens.
History
Chesalles-sur-Moudon is first mentioned in 1273 as Chesales.
Geography
Chesalles-sur-Moudon had an area, , of . Of this area, or 77.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 11.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 10.2% is settled (buildings or roads).
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 58.1% is used for growing crops and 17.4% is pastures, while 2.4% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The former municipality was part of the Moudon District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Chesalles-sur-Moudon became part of the new district of Broye-Vully.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per bend Gules and Argent, overall behind a Lion passant guardant holding a Scimitar a rising Sun all of Or.
Demographics
Corcelles-sur-Chavornay had a population () of 353. , 4.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -7.2%. It has changed at a rate of -9% due to migration and at a rate of 1.2% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (149 or 93.7%), with German being second most common (3 or 1.9%) and Dutch being third (2 or 1.3%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.
Of the population in the municipality 58 or about 36.5% were born in Chesalles-sur-Moudon and lived there in 2000. There were 61 or 38.4% who were born in the same canton, while 17 or 10.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 18 or 11.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 2 live births to Swiss citizens and . Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population remained the same. There was 1 Swiss man who emigrated from Switzerland and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 4 and the non-Swiss population decreased by 2 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.3%.
The age distribution, , in Chesalles-sur-Moudon is; 8 children or 5.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 26 teenagers or 16.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 22 people or 14.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 16 people or 10.3% are between 30 and 39, 28 people or 18.1% are between 40 and 49, and 22 people or 14.2% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 14 people or 9.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 10 people or 6.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 8 people or 5.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there is 1 person who is 90 and older.
, there were 75 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 80 married individuals, 1 widows or widowers and 3 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 54 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.9 persons per household. There were 12 households that consist of only one person and 10 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 55 households that answered this question, 21.8% were households made up of just one person. Of the rest of the households, there are 14 married couples without children, 26 married couples with children There were 2 single parents with a child or children.
there were 19 single-family homes (or 48.7% of the total) out of a total of 39 inhabited buildings. There were 8 multi-family buildings (20.5%), along with 10 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (25.6%) and 2 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.1%). Of the single-family homes 3 were built before 1919, while 8 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single-family homes (8) were built between 1991 and 1995. The most multi-family homes (3) were built before 1919 and the next most (2) were built between 1961 and 1970.
there were 60 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 18. There were 1 single-room apartment and 26 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 53 apartments (88.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5 apartments (8.3%) were seasonally occupied and 2 apartments (3.3%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 39.45% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (19.2%), the Green Party (12.24%) and the Other (9.7%). In the federal election, a total of 53 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 47.3%.
Economy
, Chesalles-sur-Moudon had an unemployment rate of 2.4%. , there were 23 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 1 person was employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business in this sector. 2 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 1 business in this sector. There were 71 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.4% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 16. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1, in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1, in education.
, there were 3 workers who commuted into the municipality and 49 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 16.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 8.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 63.4% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 17 or 10.7% were Roman Catholic, while 116 or 73.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church who belonged. 18 (or about 11.32% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7 individuals (or about 4.40% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Chesalles-sur-Moudon about 49 or (30.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 22 or (13.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 22 who completed tertiary schooling, 54.5% were Swiss men, 27.3% were Swiss women.
In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 23 students in the Chesalles-sur-Moudon school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 155 children of which 83 children (53.5%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 8 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 15 students in those schools.
, there were 8 students in Chesalles-sur-Moudon who came from another municipality, while 35 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
Former municipalities of the canton of Vaud |
The Wegelius family is originally from the county of Ilmajoki in Ostrobothnia, the family's forefather is considered to be Jakob Eriksson Uppa who was the master of the Seinäjoki-based Uppala house in the early 17th century. The Wegelius family consists of many famous individual political figures, bankers, engineers, musicians and sportsmen. The family name Wegelius derives from the name of the Finnish city Seinäjoki. Literally translated to Swedish, Seinäjoki is vägg-älv, or wegg-elf in former Swedish spelling, in Latin form Wegelius.
Notable members
Martin Wegelius (1846–1906), Finnish composer and musicologist, primarily remembered as the founder of the Helsinki Music Institute
Theodor Wegelius, politician and the governor of the Bank of Finland 1898–1906
Magnus Wegelius, Olympic sportsman
, Finnish aeronautical engineer and general manager of VTT
Christopher Wegelius, Finnish showjumper and banker, father of Charly Wegelius
Charly Wegelius, professional road cyclist, son of Christopher
Kristiina Wegelius, Olympic sportswoman
, Swedish TV presenter
Finnish families
Latin-language surnames |
Masolo United Football Club (simply known as Masolo United) is an Indonesian football club based in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi. They currently compete in the Liga 3.
Honours
Liga 3 South Sulawesi
Third-place: 2021
References
External links
Masolo United FC Instagram
Football clubs in Indonesia
Football clubs in South Sulawesi
Association football clubs established in 2020
2020 establishments in Indonesia |
Within the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or North Korea, propaganda slogans play an important role in the propagation of society.
Slogans in North Korea are written onto long red signs in white writing or on large propaganda posters.
List
See also
Propaganda in North Korea
References
Propaganda in North Korea
North Korea
North Korea communications-related lists |
Boris Nikolić (Fashion designer) (; 1974-2008) was a Serbian fashion designer who had become something of an icon since his death in 2008. In his ten-year career, he became a respected and award-winning designer in Serbia. He was known for combining contrasting elements and using striped motifs, as well as for employing unusual titles for his collections.
Career
Nikolić studied at the Academy of Applied Arts in Belgrade. In 1998, Nikolić began working as a fashion designer in Belgrade, Serbia. He and fellow designer Ana Ljubinković opened the shop "Peekaboo" together in 2006. Nikolić also worked as a stylist at the B92 Television network. In 1998, 1999 and 2001, Nikolić was a finalist at the Smirnoff Fashion Awards. He also won the BazArt Prize three times at Belgrade Fashion Week, where he presented his clothing line in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2004. His collections often had unexpected names such as "Consequences of Falling" or "Breakfast on the Grass".
Death and legacy
Nikolić died on 5 April 2008 after short illness aged 33.
Soon after his death, Belgrade Fashion Week gave him a posthumous award for contributing to the development of fashion as an art. The fashion show also named one of their competition awards after him. Sponsored by B92, the prize includes $2,000 Euros to be used towards the winner's next collection. In 2006, Nikolić was included in a group retrospective at the 40th edition of the festival which is held twice a year. In 2018, to commemorate the ten years since his passing, Belgrade Fashion Week held a special show in his honour where past winners of his namesake award presented their clothing lines.
Controversy
Boris Nikolić the fashion designer is not the Boris Nikolić (b. 1971 Zagreb) who was appointed an executor of pedophile Jeffrey Epstein's estate.
References
External links
"Belgrade Fashion Week Videos".
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BY6mt2NlUM
Fashion designers from Belgrade
1974 births
2008 deaths |
Anna Pawlusiak (born 10 February 1952) is a Polish cross-country skier. She competed in three events at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
Cross-country skiing results
Olympic Games
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
Polish female cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Poland
Cross-country skiers at the 1976 Winter Olympics
People from Bielsko County
Skiers from Silesian Voivodeship |
Moodysson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Coco Moodysson (born 1970), Swedish cartoonist
Lukas Moodysson (born 1969), Swedish writer and film director
Patronymic surnames |
The 1922 association football match between New Zealand and Australia was not only the first international match for both sides, but the first international held in Oceania. New Zealand won 3–1, initiating a long-time rivalry between both teams, that have met more than 60 times since that first encounter.
Match details
See also
Australia–New Zealand soccer rivalry
History of the Australia national soccer team
History of the New Zealand national football team
1872 Scotland v England football match
References
International association football matches
Australia men's national soccer team matches
New Zealand men's national football team matches
June 1922 sports events |
The 2007 Nottingham Open was the 2007 edition of the Nottingham Open men's tennis tournament that was part of the International Series of the 2007 ATP Tour. It was the 18th edition of the tournament and was held from 18 June until 25 June and played on outdoor grass courts at the Nottingham Tennis Centre in Nottingham, United Kingdom. Second-seeded Ivo Karlović won the singles title.
Finals
Singles
Ivo Karlović defeated Arnaud Clément, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
It was Karlović's 2nd singles title of the year and of his career.
Doubles
Eric Butorac / Jamie Murray defeated Joshua Goodall / Ross Hutchins, 4–6, 6–3, [10–5]
References
External links
ATP singles draw
ATP doubles draw |
Abe Deutschendorf (February 12, 1935 – December 23, 2012) was an American politician who
served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 1994 to 2006, as a Democrat representing the Lawton area in District 62. Deutschendorf was author of the first law giving Oklahomans free access to proposed legislation via the Internet. He was required to vacate his seat in 2006 because of the term limits law.
Before his legislative tenure, he was a longtime educator, serving as the first principal of Eisenhower Junior High School in Lawton. He also served as teacher, coach, counselor and assistant principal at the same school for a total of 25 years.
He was also an uncle of singer John Denver. The singer's birth name was Henry John Deutschendorf Jr.
Deutschendorf died on December 23, 2012.
Notes
1935 births
2012 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives |
Mary Mackall "Mamie" Gwinn Hodder (February 2, 1860 – November 11, 1940) was an American educator. She taught at Bryn Mawr College, and was one of the founders of the Bryn Mawr School in Baltimore. Her relationships with M. Carey Thomas and Alfred Hodder were fictionalized in Gertrude Stein's short novel Fernhurst (1905).
Early life and education
Gwinn was born in Baltimore, the daughter of Charles John Morris Gwinn and Matilda Elizabeth Bowie Johnson Gwinn. Her father was a lawyer associated with Johns Hopkins University. Her maternal grandfather, Reverdy Johnson, was a senator, an ambassador, and United States Attorney General.
Gwinn was the youngest founding member of the "Friday Night Club", a women's study group in Baltimore, together with Mary Elizabeth Garrett, Julia Rebecca Rogers, Bessie Tabor King, and M. Carey Thomas. The members founded the Bryn Mawr School in 1885, and ensured that women would be admitted to the medical school at Johns Hopkins in the 1890s.
Gwinn and Thomas traveled and studied together in Europe from 1879 to 1883, in Leipzig and Zurich. Gwinn was granted a doctoral degree from Bryn Mawr in 1888.
Career
Gwinn taught English literature at Bryn Mawr College, and worked on a translation of Beowulf, until she married a male colleague, writer Alfred Hodder, and moved to New York City.
Personal life and legacy
Gwinn was the partner of M. Carey Thomas for over 20 years. They lived together in the Deanery at Bryn Mawr, from the 1880s until 1904, when Gwinn married Alfred Hodder, former common-law husband of activist Jessie Donaldson Hodder, and moved to New York City. He died in 1907. Mamie Gwinn Hodder died in 1940, at the age of 80, in Princeton, New Jersey.
The romantic entanglements of Thomas, Gwinn, Mary Elizabeth Garrett and the Hodders are fictionalized in Gertrude Stein's short novel Fernhurst (1905). The Mary Mackall Gwinn Hodder Fund at Princeton University supports graduate students in the arts. Princeton also holds the Alfred and Mary Gwinn Hodder Papers.
References
External links
"The Bryn Mawr Scandal of 1904, with Marne Litfin", Research Hole Podcast (November 8, 2021); a podcast episode about Mamie Gwinn, M. Carey Thomas, and Mary Garrett
1860 births
1940 deaths
Educators from Baltimore
Bryn Mawr College alumni
Bryn Mawr College faculty |
Moana Waialiki of Motunui is the title character of Walt Disney Animation Studios' 56th animated feature film Moana (2016). Created by directors Ron Clements and John Musker, Moana is voiced by Hawaiian actress and singer Auliʻi Cravalho. As a toddler, she is voiced by Louise Bush. Moana is set to appear in the Disney+ sequel series Moana: The Series, which will premiere in 2024.
Inspired by Polynesian mythology, Moana is depicted as the strong-willed daughter of a chief of a Polynesian village, who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic with the goddess Te Fiti. When a blight strikes her island, Moana sets sail in search of Maui (Dwayne Johnson), a legendary demigod, in the hope of returning the relic to Te Fiti and saving her people.
Moana received widespread critical acclaim for her independence as well as Cravalho for her vocal performance. By 2019, Moana was officially inducted into the Disney Princess line-up, becoming the twelfth member.
Development
Conception and writing
After directing The Princess and the Frog (2009), Clements and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort, but problems with acquiring the necessary film rights prevented them from continuing with that project. To avoid a recurrence of that issue, they pitched three original ideas. The genesis of one of those ideas (the one that was ultimately green-lit) occurred in 2011, when Musker began reading up on Polynesian mythology and learned of the heroic exploits of the demigod Māui. Intrigued with the rich culture of Polynesia, he felt it would be a suitable subject for an animated film. Shortly thereafter, Musker and Clements wrote a treatment and pitched it to John Lasseter, who recommended that both of them should go on research trips. Accordingly, in 2012, Clements and Musker went on research trips to Fiji, Samoa, and Tahiti to meet the people of the South Pacific Ocean and learn about their culture. At first, they had planned to make the film entirely about Maui, but their initial research trips inspired Clements to pitch a new idea focused on the young daughter of a chief.
Clements and Musker were fascinated to learn during their research that the people of Polynesia abruptly stopped making long-distance voyages about three thousand years ago. Their navigational traditions predated those of European explorers, beginning around 300 CE. Native people of the Pacific possessed knowledge of the world and their place in it prior to the incursion of foreigners. For example, Kānaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians) were well aware of the existence of far away islands, had names for these places, and were interested in exploring them to benefit their societies. This voyaging heritage was made possible by a geographical knowledge system based on individual perspectives rather than the European cardinal direction system. The reasons for the halt of this voyaging tradition remain unknown, but scholars have offered climate change and resulting shifts in ocean currents and wind patterns as one possible explanation. Native peoples of the Pacific resumed voyaging again a thousand years later; Clements and Musker set the film at that point in time, about two thousand years ago. The setting on a fictional island in the central Pacific Ocean drew inspiration from elements of the real-life island nations of Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga.
Taika Waititi wrote the initial screenplay, but went home to New Zealand in 2012 to focus on his newborn first child and What We Do in the Shadows (2014). The first draft focused on Moana as the sole daughter in a family with "five or six brothers", in which gender played into the story. However, the brothers and gender-based themes were deleted from the story, as the directors thought Moana's journey should be about finding herself. A subsequent draft presented Moana's father as the one who wanted to resume voyage navigation, but it was rewritten to have him oppose navigation so he would not overshadow Moana. Instead, Pamela Ribon came up with the idea of a grandmother character for the film, who would serve as a mentor linking Moana to ancient traditions. Another version focused on Moana rescuing her father, who had been lost at sea. The film's story changed drastically during the development phase, and that idea ultimately survived only as a subtle element of the father's backstory.
Voice
In late 2014, a global casting call for the role of Moana began. Cravalho did not consider auditioning for Moana as there had "already been so many great submissions over YouTube" and decided to focus on school instead as she was in her first year which was "confusing as it is". Cravalho was discovered at an audition to perform as entertainment at a non-profit event, without knowing that the agent who had attended those auditions was the same for Moana. Agent Rachel Sutton asked Cravalho if she wanted to audition for Moana; she was the last girl to be seen on the last day of casting. During her audition, Cravalho sang 30 seconds of her favorite Disney song—"I See the Light" from Tangled—as well as Hawaiian songs. Cravalho stated she was confused throughout the entire audition—especially the process of slating—but felt she "gave it [her] best in the audition and it worked really well." In October 2015, Cravalho was officially chosen as Moana's voice actress. Producer Osnat Shurer said: "We were looking for someone who could embody the character, with all the strength and commitment, humor, heart and compassion. When we met Auliʻi, she was just bringing Moana to life."
Cravalho described Moana as being brave, beautiful, kind and strong, explaining she could list adjectives "all day". She called her a model for everyone, not just for girls. Furthermore, she stated that Moana recognises her desires and is eager to obtain them. The actress enjoyed viewing her development and her assistance to grow her culture. Cravalho stated Moana is "different" from other Disney characters since she was "truly described as a Disney heroine", being both "empowered and empowering" and not having a love interest. She compared her to Mulan since they were both "kick butt". Cravalho "thoroughly enjoyed and will always feel deeply connected to Moana and voicing her as the strong, independent, beautiful heroine that she is."
Since Cravalho had never done professional film work before, she was surprised about many things in the process. She recorded a line up to "30 or 40 times". She explained a different stress or emphasis on a particular word could create different emotions. 40 engineers would listen to her and listen to every grunt, voice change and volume change Cravalho made, listening for the exact emotion that they wanted to give in the film. Usually, the directors decided which take they would put in the final film. She also felt it was hard to be comfortable in the recording booth; usually, there were cameras for the animators to be able to add realistic facial expressions to the character. She was not sure how she should act while cameras were filming her recording her lines. When she sang, Cravalho needed the lights to be turned down. She asked for this since she did not want to feel like anybody was watching her since there were directors, animators, and writers watching her, sometimes sketching her and sometimes watching how she pronounced words. Cravalho was not used to the cameras and the "lights, camera, action" process and never recorded with co-stars Dwayne Johnson, Temuera Morrison, or Rachel House. Cravalho reprised the role in 2017, dubbing the character again in the special Hawaiian-language dubbing of the movie.
Personality and design
Musker explained he and Clements invited a story without romance and alternatively have a focus on female empowerment with True Grit-quality: "the determined girl who teams up with a washed-up guy. They have this adventure and she finds her true calling—and saves the world in the process." He also said he appreciated the idea of an "action-adventure princess that could dive off cliffs and battle monsters". Shurer said, to make a female protagonist, they needed to "make her whole in and of herself". Furthermore, she said they wanted Moana to be self-assertive and have both compassion and courage to set her apart from other characters.
The creative team decided to create for Moana a realistic model with which girls could identify themselves, strong enough to be credible in activities, such as swimming, climbing a tree and jumping off a cliff. Shurer stated it was an "absolutely" conscious decision, further explaining that since they were writing a "hero's journey", she needed to be identifiable to all. Musker said this was intentional and partially prompted by hopes for her to be distinctive. Additionally, they aimed to create an experienced "action hero". The visual development drawings of the people of the South Pacific also had realistic bodies. Musker said it "seemed right" for her to have this body as Moana performed many stunts that require a lot of physicality. There were also women who worked on Moana who greatly hoped for her to have a realistic body.
To make the hair more realistic and expressive, a new program, Quicksilver, was created. Disney Elastic Rods was created to support twist for Moana's curly hair and the Multicurve for new twist information. To make the hair look realistic when wet, animators had models with similar hair to Moana's dunk their head in water. There were "collision driven hair rigs" which opened up "the possibilities of what the character's hair was able to do". Artistic direction and continuity was influenced by the freedom of motion, with most of the performance made through simulation. A new grab node was developed to help the curls of Moana's hair interact and collide. Various levels of wind were required for the character's hair since the film was set outside; as a result, the majority of the hair shots were the first time the Disney animators had animated such shots.
The costume designers wanted to make Moana's dress as authentic to her culture as possible. For example, the red color of Moana's dress was used to signify royalty at the time and since buttons did not exist, visual development artist Neysa Bové added a boar's tusk to keep the dress together. Bové stated Moana's top is made of mulberry while her skirt is made of pandanas. Bové added a slit at the front of Moana's dress so she could do the different activities she did in the film. She stated that with Moana, a large amount of research occurred at the Pacific Islands, where the film takes place. The film, however, was intended to be set 2,000 years before, making photo references impossible. Instead, they acquired material references from their Oceanic Trust. Much exploration was done for Moana's necklace, which is seen throughout most of the film.
International versions
When the movie had its first theatrical release worldwide, it numbered 45 versions overall, including a special Tahitian-language dubbing created specifically for the movie. In June 2017, a Māori-language version of the movie, featuring four voice-actors from the original English cast, was announced. Three weeks later, New Zealander Jaedyn Randell was introduced as Moana's voice. The movie was released in September 2017. In the same year, Shruti Rane (Hindi) reprised her role in the Bengali-language version of the movie. In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be underway, with Auliʻi Cravalho reprising her role as Moana. The movie premiered on June 10, 2018.
In many European countries, Moana's name was changed to "Vaiana" due to a trademark conflict. The film was released in those countries to bear the alternative name in the title.
Appearances
Films
Moana
Moana's grandmother, Tala, tells the story of Maui, the shape-shifting demigod of the wind and sea and master of sailing who stole goddess Te Fiti's heart. However, Te Fiti disintegrates, and Maui is attacked by Te Kā, a volcanic demon. His magical fishhook and Te Fiti's heart are lost in the ocean. The ocean then chooses Moana to return the heart to Te Fiti. Tui and Sina, Moana's mother, try to keep her away from the ocean to prepare her to become the island's chief. Sixteen years later, blight strikes her island and to attempt to prevent it, Moana suggests going beyond the reef which her father forbids her to. She tries with Pua the Pig but is overpowered by the waves and is shipwrecked back to shore. Tala shows Moana a secret cavern full of ships, revealing her ancestors were voyagers but stopped after Te Fiti's heart was stolen due to the ocean no longer being safe. She further explains Te Kā is causing the blight and she must seek Maui and the heart to stop it. On her deathbed, Tala convinces Moana to do so.
Setting sail on a camakau from the cavern, Moana is caught in a typhoon and shipwrecked on an island where she finds Maui, who boasts about his achievements. She demands that Maui return the heart, but he refuses and traps her in a cave. She escapes and confronts Maui who reluctantly lets her onto the camakau. They are then attacked by Kakamora—coconut pirates—who, like other creatures, seek the heart. Moana and Maui escape them and Moana convinces Maui to help her by saying Maui is no longer a hero and should redeem himself by returning the heart. First, Moana and Maui must retrieve Maui's fishhook in Lalotoi, the Realm of Monsters, from Tamatoa, a giant coconut crab. Maui takes his fishhook, only to find he does not have control over his shape-shifting anymore. Moana outwits Tamatoa and they escape. Maui reveals to Moana he became a demigod after his mortal parents abandoned him, the gods took pity on him and granted him powers. After Maui's confession, the two grow closer.
They are attacked by Te Kā after they arrive at Te Fiti's island. Moana refuses to turn back, resulting in Maui's hook being badly damaged. Unwilling to lose his hook in another confrontation, Maui abandons a tearful Moana who asks the ocean to find someone else to restore the heart and loses hope. The ocean obliges and takes the heart, but Tala's spirit appears, inspiring Moana to find her true calling. She retrieves the heart and sails back to confront Te Kā. Maui returns, having had a change of heart, and buys Moana time to reach Te Fiti by fighting Te Kā, destroying his hook in the process. Moana discovers Te Fiti is missing, and realizes Te Kā is Te Fiti, corrupted without her heart. Moana tells the ocean to clear a path, allowing her to return Te Fiti's heart, and the restored goddess heals the ocean and islands of the blight. Maui apologizes to Te Fiti, who restores his hook and gives Moana a new boat before falling into a deep sleep and becoming a mountain. Moana bids farewell to Te Fiti, returning home where she reunites with her parents. She takes up her role as chief and wayfinder, leading her people as they resume voyaging.
Ralph Breaks the Internet
A "meta" version of the character appears with other Disney princesses and Elsa and Anna from Frozen (2013) in the Wreck-It Ralph (2012) sequel, Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018). When some of the princesses describe to Vanellope von Schweetz how they stare at "important water" to gain inspiration for their songs, Moana says she stares at the ocean. Later, when Ralph is falling from a tower and needs saving by the princesses, Moana causes water from a fountain to spiral upwards so that Elsa can freeze it into a slide to slow Ralph's fall, saying "You're Welcome" after saving him.
Television
Lego Disney Princess: The Castle Quest
Moana appears as one of the main characters in Lego's animated special Lego Disney Princess: The Castle Quest, released on Disney+ on August 18, 2023.
Moana: The Series
In December 2020, it was announced that Moana would have a self-titled spin-off TV series debuting on Disney+ in 2023. The release date was later pushed back to 2024.
Merchandise
By 2019, Moana was inducted into the Disney Princess line-up, becoming the twelfth member of the media franchise, and toyline featuring female protagonists from various Disney animated films. In 2016, Disney released a Moana doll with sustainable packaging. On November 17, 2016, Disney released Moana: Rhythm Run, a premium mobile game as well as adding Moana content to Disney Stickers, Disney Crossy Road, Disney Emoji Blitz, Disney Story Central, and Disney Jigsaw Puzzles. On January 2, 2017, Disney released Moana: Island Life, a free-to-play mobile game.
Theme parks
On November 16, 2016, prior to her film's release, Moana made her debut at Walt Disney World, doing meet-and-greets at Disney's Polynesian Resort. On November 18, 2016, Moana appeared in a surprise pre-parade of the Happy Birthday Mickey cavalcade in Disneyland Paris. On November 20, 2016, in Disneyland Paris, Moana began doing meet-and-greets at the Animation Station interactive post-show area of Art of Disney Animation. Since its debut on May 12, 2017, Moana appeared in Happily Ever After in Magic Kingdom, singing "How Far I'll Go". After Tokyo Disneyland's refurbishment of "It's A Small World", Moana and Pua were featured in the Polynesian scene. Since the stage show's opening on May 25, 2018, Moana performed in Moana: A Homecoming Celebration in Hong Kong Disneyland. Moana has also appeared in Summer Blast in Shanghai Disneyland since 2019.
Reception
Critical reviews
The Verge stated that Moana is a fully-rounded character with a believable, while still idealized body. They also praised her resourcefulness and the fact she does not end up partnered at the end of the film. IGN conveyed that she is a wonderful role model for her perseverance and courage. Victoria McNally states that she is the most revolutionary Disney Princess by not having a love interest, being a good leader, and embracing her culture. A. O. Scott of The New York Times said Moana was "inspiring" due to her smartness, bravery and decency. The fact Moana did not aim to meet a prince was praised by Firstpost. Plugged In writer Bob Hoose lauded Moana's focus, determination, and the fact she was able to face death to fix the wrongs of the past. The Times of India wrote "she also conquers your heart. You won't regret setting sail and voyaging with her." The Guardian commended Moana since she cared about nature and was willing to face the challenges of the future. Variety described her as "one of Disney's most remarkable heroines yet" since she did not await a prince and took control of her own destiny. The Stanford Daily praised Moana's development and her "human traits" which were not present in previous Disney Princesses.
Cravalho was also praised for her voice acting and singing. Screen Rant called her performance "lively and charismatic". Common Sense Media stated Cravalho and Johnson shared a "refreshingly student-and-mentor-like chemistry". Firstpost said she was going to be a "huge star" in the future and felt her "insane" singing range was one of the most surprising things in the film. Rolling Stone described Cravalho's performance as sassy. The Guardian and Radio Times felt Cravalho's voice acting and singing were beautiful. RogerEbert.com said Cravalho showed skills beyond her age and praised her grace, timing and energy. Flixist wrote Cravalho was an "absolute delight". The New Zealand Herald compared her voice acting to that of Mickey Mouse Club. The Hollywood Reporter was impressed by Cravalho's voice acting and complimented her singing range. Entertainment Weekly wrote Cravalho "show[ed] off her pipes" during Moana's "I Want" song "How Far I'll Go".
The character has not been without criticism, however. ScreenCrush said it was "not impossible" to criticize Moana's "underwhelming qualities". Film Inquiry felt Moana lacked originality and unpredictability in her arc, calling her a "carbon copy of every other Disney Princess". Similarly, Den of Geek found it unfortunate that Moana was an "inversion" of Ariel from The Little Mermaid.
Accolades
Moana received a nomination for Best Animated Female from the Alliance of Women Film Journalists, tying for the award with Judy Hopps from Zootopia. Additionally, Moana and Maui were nominated for Favourite Frenemies at the 2017 Kids' Choice Awards, losing the award to characters from Zootopia. Cravalho has also received and been nominated for several other awards including winning an Annie Award for Outstanding Voice Acting and being nominated for two Teen Choice Awards, winning one for Choice Breakout Movie Actress.
References
Notes
External links
Moana at Disney Princess
-
Animated characters introduced in 2016
Film characters introduced in 2016
Disney Princess characters
Walt Disney Animation Studios characters
Female characters in animated films
Fictional explorers
Fictional navigators
Fictional Polynesian people
Fictional sailors
Fictional tribal chiefs |
Luís Miguel Assunção Joaquim (born 5 March 1979), known as Alhandra, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played mainly as a left back – he could also appear as a midfielder.
Club career
Alhandra was born in Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon District. An unsuccessful graduate of Sporting CP's youth academy he started professionally with its farm team, Sporting Clube Lourinhanense. After a brief spell with FC Porto's reserves he lived his most steady period with U.D. Leiria, helping the side to participations in the UEFA Intertoto Cup and being regularly used over the course of six Primeira Liga seasons (a maximum of 30 league games in 2005–06 and a minimum of 16 in 2007–08, with the latter campaign ending in relegation).
On 2 April 2008, Alhandra signed a two-year contract with Enosis Neon Paralimni FC, adding to the massive Portuguese contingent at the Cypriot club. He returned to Portugal after one sole season, joining second level team Gil Vicente F.C. and being released at the end of the campaign.
Subsequently, Alhandra resumed his career in the lower leagues of his country, retiring in 2012 at the age of 33.
External links
1979 births
Living people
People from Vila Franca de Xira
Portuguese men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Segunda Divisão players
Sporting CP footballers
F.C. Alverca players
FC Porto B players
Académica de Coimbra (football) players
U.D. Leiria players
Gil Vicente F.C. players
Eléctrico F.C. players
Cypriot First Division players
Enosis Neon Paralimni FC players
Portugal men's youth international footballers
Portugal men's under-21 international footballers
Portuguese expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Footballers from Lisbon District |
The Ridpath Hotel is a complex of four buildings in Spokane, Washington – the Ridpath Tower (completed in 1952), the Halliday Building (completed 1889), the Y Building (completed 1906), and the Executive Court building (completed in 1963). The Ridpath Tower, the main portion of the hotel, was designed by San Francisco architect Ned Hyman Abrams and is the second iteration of the Ridpath Hotel – the original building was destroyed by fire in 1950. The hotel, originally opened in 1900 and closed in 2008, and has now been fully renovated and opened as a low-income apartment complex called Ridpath Club Apartments in 2017. It has the distinction of being Spokane's longest continuously run hotel through those 108 years. The Ridpath reopened as the Ridpath Club Apartments in March 2018. The building offers the first micro apartments available in the city, which are essentially a converted hotel room designed to be affordable housing units or workforce housing.
History
The Ridpath Hotel was established by Colonel William Ridpath in 1899, with its original building opening in 1900. The first building suffered through two fires, the first in 1902 (and was subsequently restored), and another in 1950 which damaged the building beyond repair. The fire, which broke out on the evening of February 28, 1950, burned through the night for thirteen hours and caused an estimated in damages to the 5-story building as well as adjacent structures. The original hotel was demolished and a new 12-story tower was constructed in its place, which opened in 1952. The Ridpath was used for filming the 1985 movie "Vision Quest".
The new Ridpath Tower
In June 1950, just a short three months after fire damaged the original Ridpath Hotel beyond repair, construction work began on a replacement: a steel-framed, 250-room, 12-story high building to be called the Ridpath Tower. The building, which was erected on the same site of the old hotel, was originally envisioned to be an 8-story building, 200-room hotel. The new, modernistic hotel incorporated many features that were unique to hotels of its time including a drive-in ramp garage with parking in the basement, all rooms with an exterior view, modern bathrooms with tub/shower combos that had walls tiled up to the ceiling, and high-speed, self-leveling elevators. The building also incorporated mixed-use functions, with street level store fronts and the entire third floor dedicated as office space to be rented out. Plans later added a glass-enclosed 13th floor which housed a club and restaurant.
The new hotel was completed at a price tag of over and was dedicated in April 1952 to much fanfare. Through the 1950s, 1960's, and 1970's the Ridpath was the top hotel in Spokane and hosted many balls, art shows, and other conventions and events in its facilities. The hotel welcomed in guests like Elvis Presley, numerous politicians, and reportedly, Michael Jackson. These decades also became a time of expansion for the hotel. In 1961, the historic Spokane Hotel across the street was razed and an addition to the Ridpath (what is now known as the Executive Court Building) was completed in 1963. In 1971, plans were announced by the hotel owners to acquire the adjacent, 6-story Halliday building (constructed in 1889). Although they demolished the upper 5 floors of the Halliday building, the ground floor was adaptively reused and renovated to tie into the existing hotel building to create a first class commercial facility with air conditioning and a central heating system. The ownership of the hotel remained within the Ridpath family until the hotel was sold to an outside investment group in a 1988 sale.
Architectural significance
The Ridpath Tower, which was designed by architect Ned Hyman Abrams of San Francisco, was the first all-welded steel frame high-rise building west of the Mississippi River at the time of its construction. Abrams is also notable for designing the General Mills Cereal Plant in Lodi, California in 1946 (just six years before the Ridpath Tower opened). That cereal plant was the first pre-cast concrete building to be erected in the State of California. Abrams also expanded on the use of pre-cast concrete technology, later designing the first tilt-up, pre-cast building in Northern California in 1948.
Decline
After leaving the hands of the Ridpath family in a 1988 sale to an outside investment group, the hotel began to decline. Prior to the sale, the Ridpath family had consistently reinvested in the hotel and kept it up to date with the latest trends and features in hotel design. This was evidenced by the continual expansion of the hotel during its peak and the fact that the 1952 tower incorporated features like modern bathrooms and a drive-up ramp garage. The new ownership group, however, let the hotel age. The hotel needed upgrades such as new elevators and updates to the look and feel of the interior. Because the owners let it remain in stagnant state, many of the hotel's amenities became obsolete by virtue of changing market conditions. The hotel began to become an after-thought, especially when the market conditions began to call for larger rooms. The hotel's original rooms, though once considered large and state-of-the-art, were no longer selling as well as they once did.
Multiple sales, fragmentation, and closure
After several years of decline, the hotel sold again just 10 years later in 1998. Just a quick six years later, in 2004, the newest ownership group sold the hotel in order to raise capital for improvements to other hotels in their portfolio. 2004 marked the beginning of the fragmentation of the Ridpath; up until this point, the entire property was owned by one entity. The Executive Court building portion of the complex was sold to investors looking to convert it into condominiums. The rest of the hotel was purchased in 2006 by a boutique hotelier out of Las Vegas, Nevada, but over the next two years, the physical condition of the hotel along with its business continued to decline. In an effort to raise capital to make improvements to the hotel which by then only had an average 50% occupancy levels, the Las Vegas hotelier decided to sell portions of the hotel to many different owners despite an offer by investors to purchase the entire property.
The hotel abruptly closed in August 2008. Due to the fact that multiple owners own different portions of the building, the complex has been tangled in a web of foreclosures due to the bad economy. Additionally, many legal battles have arisen regarding shared costs, maintenance, and code-compliance of the building. In June 2011, the property owners were ordered by the City of Spokane to clean up the property and the property had a no-occupancy order declared just 6 months later due to a lack of a functioning fire-suppression system.
Preservation and redevelopment
Spokane has had a successful track record of historic preservation and adaptive re-use. Just several blocks down Sprague Avenue from the Ridpath Hotel, the Fox Theater, Davenport Hotel, and Steam Plant Square restoration and adaptive re-use projects that took place in the early 2000s have played an integral role in revitalizing that area of Downtown Spokane into a vibrant district. While the building could be demolished for $500,000 to $1,000,000, there is a strong belief among city leaders that a redeveloped/restored Ridpath Hotel can play a key role in "stabilizing downtown" (similar to the aforementioned projects down the road) and as such, they are working with developers to find a solution to save and redevelop the property. City leaders understand the role that the area around the Ridpath Hotel will play in Spokane's future. They believe it can be a bridge in linking the thriving core of Downtown (which contains the restored Davenport Hotel and Fox Theater) with the developing University District to the east, and they envision a renewed Ridpath to be the anchor of this district."
Current proposal
, a group of developers share the same vision and have lined up $25 million and have plans to purchase the entire complex and turn it into an "entertainment Mecca." While not everything would be preserved in its original state (the iconic "R-I-D-P-A-T-H" letters at the top of the hotel would be removed), the proposed changes and alterations for the hotel would renew the relevance of the property for current times, renewing the spirit and attitude of the original Ridpath Hotel owners to constantly update the hotel during its peak decades. The tiny hotel rooms that seemed to be the root of the decline of the Ridpath in the late 1980s would not be a problem under the new proposal as multiple rooms could be grouped together to form multi-room suites. Additionally, to compete in the convention business, the old Halliday Building (which already has a history of being adaptively reused) would be transformed into a grand entrance to the hotel with an additional three floors added to the top of it for ballrooms, a nightclub, and rooftop patio for weddings and other events.
Philosophical aspects of the renewal of the Ridpath
While notions of memory and the nostalgia of returning to the hotel's glory years exist, the hotel (under the current proposal) would not be restored to its original state like the Fox Theater and lobby areas of the nearby Davenport Hotel were. City leaders and developers are excited about a contemporary intervention for the old hotel, similar to the adaptive re-use of the nearby Steam Plant Square. Their visions of renewal will incorporate philosophical and theoretical issues of preservation in the larger context of what role the building will play as part Spokane's urban fabric.
The current visions for the hotel parallel the preservation philosophies of prominent people such as architectural critic Ada Louise Huxtable. Huxtable's view is that the recycling and adaptation of buildings (into the contemporary context) "will keep them a living part of today's cities and communities." The standpoint that the small rooms of the Ridpath will not be a problem and that Halliday building will have brand new convention spaces added to it speaks to this adaptation of buildings into the contemporary context. Additionally, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, a prominent French architect and theorist, argued that restoration is not to "repair nor rebuild it" but to "reestablish it in a finished state which may in fact never have actually existed." Lastly, the proposed architectural intervention would "safeguard the foundation of the historic city without treating history as a stage set" and "give new life to the historic city or building," according to Manuel J. Martin-Hernandez, a professor of architectural composition and former school dean at the University of Las Palmas in Spain.
References
Buildings and structures in Spokane, Washington
Skyscraper hotels in Washington (state)
Skyscrapers in Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Spokane, Washington
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state) |
Ndume (born October 10, 1981) is a male western lowland gorilla known for having learned a limited amount of a modified version of American Sign Language (ASL) and for being at the center of lawsuit over his custody between the Cincinnati Zoo and the Gorilla Foundation. Ndume has lived most of his life at the Gorilla Foundation's sanctuary at Woodside, California, but has also lived at the Cincinnati Zoo and the Brookfield Zoo. Following a lawsuit, which raged on for months, Ndume was transferred back to the Cincinnati Zoo from the Gorilla Foundation on June 14, 2019.
Early life
Ndume was born at the Cincinnati Zoo in 1981 to his father, Ramses and mother, Rosie. Ramses currently lives at the Fort Worth Zoo and Rosie lived to be 43. Ndume also has an aunt Samantha who lived to be 50 and an aunt Gigi who lived to be 47. As a young gorilla, Ndume was playful and highly social. Ndume grew up with three or four gorilla peers. At the age of 3, Ndume began to be cared for by Ron Evans, who was 17 at the time, and is currently the Curator of Primates at the Cincinnati Zoo.
Ndume was transferred to the Brookfield Zoo when he was seven. There he fathered three children, including Baraka, Mtu Chuma and Zuza. At the age of 10, Ndume was transferred to the Gorilla Foundation to live with Michael and to serve as a potential mate to Koko.
Later life
Gorilla Foundation
At the Gorilla Foundation, Koko and Ndume failed to mate. Penny Patterson who serves as the President and Research Director at The Gorilla Foundation has said that there needs to be "...several females and one male..." in order for a gorilla family to form. While having multiple females is optimal, there were other factors in play. When he arrived at The Gorilla Foundation, he interacted with a much larger and dominant female. This along with the fact that Koko had not ovulated for at least 19 years prior to her death, most likely played a significant part. After more than 27 years at the Gorilla Foundation, Ndume was transferred back to the Cincinnati Zoo following a months-long court battle. The Gorilla Foundation said, "We are deeply saddened that our beloved Ndume is leaving and wish the very best for his happiness, good health and peace of mind."
Cincinnati Zoo
Ndume arrived at the Cincinnati Zoo in the morning of June 14, 2019 after being flown in from the Gorilla Foundation. The move went "perfectly smooth" and he "slept most of the way," according to the Cincinnati Zoo's Curator of Primates, Ron Evans. Ndume was not tranquilized when being moved, but was given food and water along the way.
Upon arrival, Ndume was given his own bedroom suite or "play land" that was in close proximity to the zoo’s two gorilla troops.
The zoo created a third family group with Ndume. The zoo introduced Ndume to other gorillas at his pace and he determined which female gorillas were the best fit for him. Once Ndume was acclimated to the zoo environment, he was put on exhibit and introduced to zoo guests. He has been introduced to a troop with two female gorillas, Chewie and Mara.
Center of lawsuit
After Koko died, the Cincinnati Zoo along with the AZA contacted the Gorilla Foundation and requested that Ndume be transferred back to the Cincinnati Zoo. However, the Gorilla Foundation and Penny Patterson said "...There is a significant probability that proceeding down the path proposed by the American Zoo Association may kill Ndume — either during transfer, or within weeks or months thereafter." In response, the Cincinnati Zoo stated that since 2007 there have been 150 gorilla transfers that have resulted in no problems or transfer-related deaths. The Cincinnati Zoo has also said that gorillas as old as 45 have been successfully transferred and have lived to be over 50 years old.
The Cincinnati Zoo also accused the Gorilla Foundation of risking Ndume's mental health by refusing to give him up because he has had no contact with other gorillas since Koko's passing. Ron Evans, the Curator of Primates at the Cincinnati Zoo, said, "Having gorillas around other gorillas is a foundation need for gorillas." The foundation defended keeping Ndume in isolation, claiming, "He is with a strong family support group of human great apes, from whom he takes great comfort." The Gorilla Foundation also stated that "[when Ndume] overheard a discussion about his possible transfer to the zoo,” he reacted by "crying, screaming, banging and shoving objects for 14 hours."
On October 25, 2018, the Cincinnati Zoo filed a federal lawsuit against the Gorilla Foundation on the grounds that they failed to comply with the loan agreement that was mutually agreed-upon and updated in 2015. The agreement stated, "Upon the death of Koko, Ndume will be placed at an AZA institution recommended by the Gorilla Species Survival Plan and the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden."
During the case, PETA filed an amicus brief in support of the Cincinnati Zoo's lawsuit.
On February 1, 2019, Judge Richard Seeborg announced that Ndume will be transferred back to the Cincinnati Zoo. Seeborg wrote, "There is no legal basis to negate that agreement now. Given that both sides represent that the well-being of Ndume is their paramount interest, however, they are expected to cooperate now to ensure the conditions under which he is transported to the Zoo and begins living there are as optimal as can reasonably be achieved."
It was announced that Ndume would be sent back to the Cincinnati Zoo from the Gorilla Foundation on May 13. Before being transferred, Ndume began to go through crate training.
Ndume was scheduled to be transferred to the Cincinnati Zoo on May 13 and later June 4, but both transfer dates were delayed. On June 4, the Cincinnati Zoo filed a joint status update asking Judge Richard Seeborg to set Ndume's transfer date for June 12. The Gorilla Foundation notified the Cincinnati Zoo that they would not allow Ndume's transfer on June 4 because of a doctor finding Balantidium coli (B. coli) in Ndume's fecal matter. An attorney for the Gorilla Foundation suggested that Ndume was suffering from "...extreme stress [after] hearing the transfer crate being closed..." and transferring Ndume "could prove fatal." However, the Cincinnati Zoo disagreed with the Gorilla Foundation stating they "are not concerned that the presence of this trace amount of the non-active form of the protozoal organism poses a health risk to Ndume or should prevent his transfer."
Ndume was successfully transferred back to the Cincinnati Zoo on June 14 after being flown into Cincinnati. Following Ndume's arrival back to the zoo, PETA said in a statement "After years of pressure from PETA, Ndume is now back where he was born, in a place where he’s supported by expert care and has a chance to socialize with other gorillas." The Cincinnati Zoo introduced Ndume to female gorillas and they formed a troop.
See also
List of individual apes
References
Individual apes involved in language studies
1981 animal births
Individual gorillas
Individual primates in the United States
History of the San Francisco Bay Area
History of Cincinnati
Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area
Male mammals |
Çardaklı is a town (belde) in the Atkaracalar District, Çankırı Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,079 (2021). The town consists of 5 quarters: Bozkuş, Cumhuriyet, Nevzatayaz, Hürriyet and Mustafakemal.
References
Populated places in Atkaracalar District
Town municipalities in Turkey |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package oci
import (
"testing"
specs "github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
)
func TestWithEnv(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s := specs.Spec{}
s.Process = &specs.Process{
Env: []string{"DEFAULT=test"},
}
WithEnv([]string{"env=1"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Process.Env) != 2 {
t.Fatal("didn't append")
}
WithEnv([]string{"env2=1"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Process.Env) != 3 {
t.Fatal("didn't append")
}
WithEnv([]string{"env2=2"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if s.Process.Env[2] != "env2=2" {
t.Fatal("could't update")
}
WithEnv([]string{"env2"})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Process.Env) != 2 {
t.Fatal("coudn't unset")
}
}
func TestWithMounts(t *testing.T) {
t.Parallel()
s := specs.Spec{
Mounts: []specs.Mount{
{
Source: "default-source",
Destination: "default-dest",
},
},
}
WithMounts([]specs.Mount{
{
Source: "new-source",
Destination: "new-dest",
},
})(nil, nil, nil, &s)
if len(s.Mounts) != 2 {
t.Fatal("didn't append")
}
if s.Mounts[1].Source != "new-source" {
t.Fatal("invaid mount")
}
if s.Mounts[1].Destination != "new-dest" {
t.Fatal("invaid mount")
}
}
``` |
A dead heat is a rare situation in various racing sports in which the performances of competitors are judged to be so close that no difference between them can be resolved. The result is declared a tie and the competitors are awarded a joint ranking. Dead heats can occur in both head-to-head races and competitions where competitors race sequentially and are ranked by finishing time.
Photo finishes have been a long-standing method of resolving outcomes too ambiguous to be distinguished by the naked eye. Improvements in technology, including digital super-slow motion replay and pressure-sensitive digital timers, have increased precision in resolving dead heats. Consequently, dead heats are declared less often than they once were.
Etymology
The Oxford English Dictionary attributes the term to horse racing. Meets formerly had the same horses run several "heats" in a day, with victors being decided by the total number of wins. A heat which had no clear single winner was discounted from these tallies and was therefore "dead".
Occurrence
Dead heats are very rare, and situations with three (or more) competitors in a dead heat are exceptionally so. The frequency of dead heats varies between sports, depending on the typical variance in performances and the precision of the technology available. The use of the photo finish, first introduced in horse racing in second quarter of the 20th century, notably decreased the number of dead heats. Both of the two recorded quadruple dead heats in horse racing occurred in England in the 1850s.
Swimming has a relatively high number of dead heats because, under FINA rules (which includes Olympic events), positions are based on race timings which are limited in precision to hundredths of a second; this is despite the availability of technology that could provide further precision.
The reason for this is that the length of lanes can vary by up to , with lower-precision timing compensating for the possible differences between the distances competitors have travelled.
Occasionally racers will try to deliberately engineer a dead heat. During the mid-1940s, twin distance runners H. Ross Hume and Robert H. Hume became known as the "dead heat twins" for their practice of finishing their races hand-in-hand in intentional efforts to share victory. At the 2002 United States Grand Prix auto racing teammates Rubens Barrichello and Michael Schumacher attempted to tie for first place, however Barrichello was adjudicated to have won by 0.011 seconds.
Outcome
If a dead heat is declared, all tied competitors are considered to have jointly achieved the superior position (unless a tie-breaking method is used to separate them). This does not affect awards for subsequent finishers. For example, in the final of the Women's 100 metre freestyle at the 2016 Summer Olympics, Penny Oleksiak and Simone Manuel finished in a dead heat for first place. Both were awarded gold medals, no silver medal was awarded, and the next finisher, Sarah Sjöström, received bronze.
Prizes for the tied competitors may be divided. The rules of Formula 1, for example, specify that a dead heat in a race would result in the World Championship points for both the superior and inferior position being added together and divided equally between the tied competitors. Complications can occur if the reward cannot be divided or duplicated: at the Women's 100 meters at the 2012 United States Olympic Track Trials, Jeneba Tarmoh and Allyson Felix finished in a dead heat for the third and final place in the US Olympic team, with there being no provision in the rules to resolve the situation (a head-to-head run-off was proposed, but Tarmoh eventually conceded the place).
In Grand Prix motorcycle racing, joint rankings are resolved by using fastest lap times as a tiebreaker. This rule resulted in Héctor Faubel winning the 125cc classification of the 2011 German motorcycle Grand Prix after a photo finish could not separate him and Johann Zarco.
Special provision is made for dead heats in the rules of sports betting: punters' stakes are divided proportionally by the number of tied competitors.
See also
List of dead heat horse races
Photo finish
References
Racing
Sports officiating technology
Sport of athletics terminology |
Captain John Holden Illingworth (1903 – 7 March 1980) was an English naval engineer in the Royal Navy who achieved fame as a yacht racer and yacht designer. Described on his death as "the father of post-war offshore sailing racing", he held most of the senior positions in British yachting and pioneered several innovations in the sport.
Career
In pre-war England Illingworth was a Royal Navy officer serving on submarines. In his leisure time, he designed sailing boats and raced offshore. During World War II he served as a captain in the Navy.
In 1945, after the end of the war, Illingworth was in Australia, organising repairs in Sydney for the British Pacific Fleet. He was invited to join other yachtsmen in a cruise to Hobart in Tasmania, which he promptly suggested should be a race. Illingworth skippered his newly acquired yacht Rani to win both on elapsed time and on handicap. The Sydney to Hobart Race has since become one of the great offshore yacht races.
Back in England, Illingworth stayed with the navy, commanding a naval air station. He became Commodore of the Royal Ocean Racing Club, and in 1947 he launched the boat which made his name: Myth of Malham.
Myth of Malham
Myth of Malham was a sloop built at Greenock, designed by Laurent Giles to Illingworth's specifications. In a radical departure from the norms of the time, Myth of Malham was of light displacement, with short overhangs in contrast to the elongated overhangs of other yachts. Other innovations included a masthead rig, in which the forestay is carried all the way to the head of the mast, rather than terminating lower down the mast as on the fractional rigs which were the norm at the time. The rating rules at the time attached less significance to the area of headsails than of the mainsail, so the masthead rig effectively gave the boat "free" sail area.
Myth of Malham won the Fastnet Race in 1947 and 1949, and in 1957 was part of the winning team for the first Admiral's Cup.
"Gipsy Moth IV" was a 54-foot ketch he designed, in 1964, for Sir Frances Chichester. Its purpose was for a singled-handed circumnavigation. As described in Chichester's book Gipsy Moth Circles The World (Coward-McCann, Inc NY), she was an ill-mannered lady.
Junior Offshore Group
Illingworth believed that offshore racing could be conducted safely in boats which were much smaller, lighter and simpler than was the norm at the time. Shortly after the launch of Myth of Malham, he worked with Laurent Giles to create the RNSA 24 class of yachts, at LOA and LWL, with a displacement of . In 1950, he was a founding member and elected the first president of the Junior Offshore Group, an offshore racing club catering for smaller yachts than the Royal Ocean Racing Club allowed at the time.
References
1903 births
1980 deaths
British yacht designers
English male sailors (sport)
Royal Navy officers of World War II |
Martijn van der Linden (born 1979) is a Dutch illustrator.
Career
Van der Linden illustrated the book Stem op de okapi written by Edward van de Vendel and they both won the Woutertje Pieterse Prijs in 2016 for this work. For this book he also received a Vlag en Wimpel award in 2016.
In 2017, van der Linden won the Gouden Penseel award for illustrating the book Tangramkat, written by his wife Maranke Rinck. The book includes a seven-piece tangram puzzle which can be reorganised into pictures of various animals. The illustrations in this book were also part of an exhibition in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam that year. In 2018, he received a Vlag en Wimpel award for illustrating the book Van wie is die staart? written by Joukje Akveld.
In 2020, he donated a large part of his personal collection of illustrations to the Literatuurmuseum in The Hague, Netherlands.
Van der Linden has illustrated books by numerous Dutch authors, including Carli Biessels, Benny Lindelauf, Jan Terlouw, Lieneke Dijkzeul and Dolf Verroen. Other authors include Bibi Dumon Tak, Paul van Loon and Annie M.G. Schmidt.
Awards
2016: Woutertje Pieterse Prijs, Stem op de okapi
2016: Vlag en Wimpel, Stem op de okapi
2017: Gouden Penseel, Tangramkat
2018: Vlag en Wimpel, Van wie is die staart?
2020: Zilveren Griffel, Wat je moet doen als je over een nijlpaard struikelt
References
External links
Martijn van der Linden, Nederlands Letterenfonds
1979 births
Living people
Dutch children's book illustrators
Woutertje Pieterse Prize winners
Gouden Penseel winners
21st-century Dutch people |
Bezpraw () is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Kołobrzeg, within Kołobrzeg County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Bezpraw |
Samira Merai Friaa (born 10 January 1963) is a Tunisian doctor and politician who served as Minister of Public Health from 2016 to 2017.
Early life and education
Merai was born on 10 January 1963 in Zarzis. She attended the technical high school in Medenine and obtained a degree in mathematics and science in 1981. She graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in Tunis in 1986, specialising in pulmonology.
Career
Merai began working at the Abderrahmen-Mami Hospital in Aryanah in 1993. In 2003, she was appointed Associate Professor of Respirology at the Faculty of Medicine in Tunis. She is a member of the European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society.
Merai is a member of the Afek Tounes party and joined its central committee in May 2011. She was elected to the Constituent Assembly for the constituency of Medenine on 23 October 2011. On 1 February 2012, she was elected Deputy Speaker of the NCA. After the dissolution of Afek Tounes, she became a member of the Republican Party, but resigned on 10 July 2013. She was not re-elected at the 2014 legislative elections.
Merai served as the Chair of the Committee on Women's Rights of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean in 2014.
On 2 February 2015, Merai was appointed Minister of Women, Family and Children in the government of Prime Minister Habib Essid. On 20 August 2016, she was appointed Minister of Public Health in the cabinet of Youssef Chahed.
Personal life
Merai is married and has three children.
References
Living people
1963 births
Members of the Constituent Assembly of Tunisia
Afek Tounes politicians
Government ministers of Tunisia
Women government ministers of Tunisia
People from Zarzis
Tunisian pulmonologists
Tunisian women physicians
Women's ministers
21st-century Tunisian women politicians
21st-century Tunisian politicians
Public health ministers |
Alikhan Lukmanovich Zhabrailov (; born 14 April 1994) is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Chechen ethnicity who competes at 97 and 92 kilograms. At 92, Zhabrailov was the 2020 Individual World Cup champion, a 2019 World Championship bronze medalist, the Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2020 silver medalist and a two–time Russian National champion (2019 and 2020). In 2021, he made the move up to 97 kilos, and has claimed the 2021 European Continental Championship and the 2021 Russian National Championship. He also competed at 86 kilos earlier in his career, claiming the 2017 U23 World Championship.
Career
At the 2017 World U23 Wrestling Championship held in Bydgoszcz, Poland, he won the gold medal in the 86 kg event.
In 2020, he won the gold medal in the men's 92 kg event at the Individual Wrestling World Cup held in Belgrade, Serbia.
Zhabrailov came in first at the 2021 European Wrestling Championships in the 97 kg event.
In 2022, he won the silver medal in his event at the Yasar Dogu Tournament held in Istanbul, Turkey.
Major results
Freestyle record
! colspan="7"| Senior Freestyle Matches
|-
! Res.
! Record
! Opponent
! Score
! Date
! Event
! Location
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|68–18
|align=left| Mohammad Hossein Mohammadian
|style="font-size:88%"|3–4
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|26 February 2022
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2022 Yasar Dogu International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Istanbul, Turkey
|-
|Win
|68–17
|align=left| Kollin Moore
|style="font-size:88%"|8–2
|-
|Win
|67–17
|align=left| Shamil Musaev
|style="font-size:88%"|7–3
|-
|Win
|66–17
|align=left| Burak Şahin
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|65–17
|align=left| Süleyman Karadeniz
|style="font-size:88%"|6–4
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|19–20 April 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2021 European Continental Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
Warsaw, Poland
|-
|Win
|64–17
|align=left| Radosław Baran
|style="font-size:88%"|3–3
|-
|Win
|63–17
|align=left| Murazi Mchedlidze
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 13–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|62–17
|align=left| Aslanbek Sotiev
|style="font-size:88%"|5–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|10–15 March 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2021 Russian National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5|
Ulan-Ude, Buryatia
|-
|Win
|61–17
|align=left| Khokh Khugaev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|60–17
|align=left| Azret Shogenov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|59–17
|align=left| Asadula Ibragimov
|style="font-size:88%"|5–2
|-
|Win
|58–17
|align=left| Georgy Gogaev
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|64–17
|align=left| Georgii Rubaev
|style="font-size:88%"|6–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|12–18 December 2020
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2020 Individual World Cup
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
Belgrade, Serbia
|-
|Win
|63–17
|align=left| Arkadzi Pahasian
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|62–17
|align=left| Samuel Scherrer
|style="font-size:88%"|7–2
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|61–17
|align=left| Magomed Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|3–2
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|15–18 October 2020
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2020 Russian National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Naro-Fominsk, Moscow Oblast
|-
|Win
|60–17
|align=left| Anzor Urishev
|style="font-size:88%"|4–0
|-
|Win
|59–17
|align=left| Yuri Ivanov
|style="font-size:88%"|9–0
|-
|Win
|58–17
|align=left| Gadzhimagomed Nazhmudinov
|style="font-size:88%"|5–1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|57–17
|align=left| Batyrbek Tsakulov
|style="font-size:88%"|3–6
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|23–26 January 2020
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2020
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
|-
|Win
|57–16
|align=left| Anzor Urishev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–1
|-
|Win
|56–16
|align=left| Abdimanap Baigenzheyev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|55–16
|align=left| Tsogtgerel Munkhbaatar
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|54–16
|align=left| Sharif Sharifov
|style="font-size:88%"|5–2
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|29–30 November 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2019 Alrosa Cup Prix
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
Moscow, Russia
|-
|Win
|53–16
|align=left| Reineris Salas
|style="font-size:88%"|7–6
|-
|Win
|52–16
|align=left| Anzor Urishev
|style="font-size:88%"|5–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|51–16
|align=left| Magomed Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|1–6
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|24–28 October 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2019 Vladimir Semenov's Ugra Cup
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Nefteyugansk, Russia
|-
|Win
|51–15
|align=left| Alan Bagaev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|-
|Win
|50–15
|align=left| Tazhudin Mukhtarov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|-
|Win
|49–15
|align=left| Vsevolod Grigoryev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|48–15
|align=left| Georgii Rubaev
|style="font-size:88%"|3–2
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|20–21 September 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2019 World Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
|-
|Loss
|47–15
|align=left| Alireza Karimi
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 0–10
|-
|Win
|47–14
|align=left| Süleyman Karadeniz
|style="font-size:88%"|4–3
|-
|Win
|46–14
|align=left| Ivan Yankouski
|style="font-size:88%"|8–1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|45–14
|align=left| Magomed Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|2–1
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|4–8 July 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2019 Russian National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5|
Sochi, Russia
|-
|Win
|44–14
|align=left| Anzor Urishev
|style="font-size:88%"|5–4
|-
|Win
|43–14
|align=left| Radik Nartikoev
|style="font-size:88%"|4–1
|-
|Win
|42–14
|align=left| Tsedashi Dugarov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|41–14
|align=left| Magomedmurad Baibekov
|style="font-size:88%"|4–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|40–14
|align=left| Sharif Sharifov
|style="font-size:88%"|4–7
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|1–3 May 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2019 Ali Aliev Memorial International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Kaspiysk, Dagestan
|-
|Win
|40–13
|align=left| Ivan Yankouski
|style="font-size:88%"|3–1
|-
|Win
|39–13
|align=left| Anzor Urishev
|style="font-size:88%"|7–5
|-
|Win
|38–13
|align=left| Javid Sadigov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|37–13
|align=left| Süleyman Karadeniz
|style="font-size:88%"|4–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|16–17 March 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2019 World Cup
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
Yakutsk, Sakha
|-
|Win
|36–13
|align=left| Atsushi Matsumoto
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|35–13
|align=left| Danan Xu
|style="font-size:88%"|INJ
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|24–27 January 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2019
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Krai
|-
|Loss
|34–13
|align=left| Ulziisaikhan Baasantsogt
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 0–12
|-
|Loss
|34–12
|align=left| Magomed Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|0–3
|-
|Win
|34–11
|align=left| Batyrbek Tsakulov
|style="font-size:88%"|7–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|33–11
|align=left| Irakli Mtsituri
|style="font-size:88%"|6–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|7–9 December 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2018 Alans International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Vladikavkas, North Ossetia–Alania
|-
|Loss
|32–11
|align=left| Magomed Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|5–6
|-
|Win
|32–10
|align=left| Muslim Magomedov
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|31–10
|align=left| Magomedgadzhi Khatiyev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–2
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|30–10
|align=left| Ahmed Bataev
|style="font-size:88%"|4–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|23–26 November 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2018 Akhmat Kadyrov Cup
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
Grozny, Chechnya
|-
|Loss
|29–10
|align=left| Sharif Sharifov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 2–13
|-
|Win
|29–9
|align=left| Chinbat Altangerel
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|28–9
|align=left| Azamat Zakuev
|style="font-size:88%"|1–3
|style="font-size:88%"|15–19 November 2018
|style="font-size:88%"|2018 Intercontinental Cup
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;"|
Khasavyurt, Dagestan
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|28–8
|align=left| Sharif Sharifov
|style="font-size:88%"|4–6
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|14–16 September 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2018 Alexandr Medved Prizes
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
Minsk, Belarus
|-
|Win
|28–7
|align=left| Magomed Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|5–0
|-
|Win
|27–7
|align=left| Ivan Yankouski
|style="font-size:88%"|INJ (4–0)
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|26–7
|align=left| Guram Chertkoev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|3–5 August 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2018 Russian National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5|
Odintsovo, Moscow Oblast
|-
|Win
|25–7
|align=left| Sharap Alikhanov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Loss
|24–7
|align=left| Anzor Urishev
|style="font-size:88%"|4–4
|-
|Win
|24–6
|align=left| Ahmed Hasanov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|23–6
|align=left| Yuri Ivanov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|22–6
|align=left| Kanzula Magomedov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|10–14 May 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2018 Ali Aliev Memorial International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
Kaspiysk, Dagestan
|-
|Loss
|21–6
|align=left| Aslanbek Alborov
|style="font-size:88%"|1–4
|-
|Win
|21–5
|align=left| Baasantsegt Ulzisaikhan
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|20–5
|align=left| Chinbat Altangerel
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|10–11 March 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2018 Prix of Buryatia Republic's President
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Ulan-Ude, Buryatia
|-
|Loss
|19–5
|align=left| Anzor Urishev
|style="font-size:88%"|2–6
|-
|Win
|19–4
|align=left| Abubakar Turgayev
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|18–4
|align=left| Abdimanap Baigenzheyev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|17–4
|align=left| Azamat Dauletbekov
|style="font-size:88%"|8–7
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|25 November 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2017 U23 World Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Bydgoszcz, Poland
|-
|Win
|16–4
|align=left| Raman Chytadze
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|15–4
|align=left| Uri Kalashnikov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
|Win
|14–4
|align=left| Alireza Karimi
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 14–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|13–4
|align=left| Zbigniew Baranowski
|style="font-size:88%"|5–4
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|12–13 October 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2017 Intercontinental Cup
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Khasavyurt, Dagestan
|-
|Win
|12–4
|align=left| Amarhajy Mahamedau
|style="font-size:88%"|3–2
|-
|Win
|11–4
|align=left| Aleksander Gostiev
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|10–4
|align=left| Sebastian Jezierzański
|style="font-size:88%"|6–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|9–4
|align=left| Dauren Kurugliev
|style="font-size:88%"|PP
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|23 November 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2017 Akhmat Kadyrov Cup
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Grozny, Chechnya
|-
|Win
|9–3
|align=left| Rashid Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|8–2
|-
|Loss
|8–3
|align=left| Zbigniew Baranowski
|style="font-size:88%"|3–6
|-
|Win
|8–2
|align=left| Dinislambek Taalaibek Uulu
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|7–2
|align=left| Aleksander Gostiev
|style="font-size:88%"|5–1
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|6–10 July 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2017 Ali Aliev Memorial International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
Kaspiysk, Dagestan
|-
|Win
|6–2
|align=left| Tamerlan Akhmedov
|style="font-size:88%"|10–4
|-
|Win
|5–2
|align=left| Elkhan Asadov
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|4–2
|align=left| Suleyman Omarov
|style="font-size:88%"|8–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|3–2
|align=left| Arsen-Ali Musalaliev
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|14 June 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2017 Russian National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5|
Nazran, Ingushetia
|-
|Win
|3–1
|align=left| Magomed Kurbanov
|style="font-size:88%"|8–4
|-
|Loss
|2–1
|align=left| Vladislav Valiev
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 0–11
|-
|Win
|2–0
|align=left| Umakhan Magomedkhanov
|style="font-size:88%"|4–2
|-
|Win
|1–0
|align=left| Muslim Magomedov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|-
References
External links
Living people
Russian male sport wrestlers
World Wrestling Championships medalists
1994 births
European Wrestling Championships medalists
European Wrestling Champions
Sportspeople from Makhachkala
21st-century Russian people |
Female entrepreneurs are women who organize and manage an enterprise, especially a business. Female entrepreneurship has steadily increased in the United States during the 20th and 21st century, with female owned businesses increasing at a rate of 5% since 1997. This increase gave rise to wealthy self-made females such as Coco Chanel, Diane Hendricks, Meg Whitman, and Oprah Winfrey.
History
The first female-owned business in the United States is recorded in 1739 when Eliza Lucas Pinckney took over her family's plantations in South Carolina when she was 16 years old. In the 18th and 19th centuries, women operated small businesses that they attained from inheritance or to supplement their income. In many cases, they were trying to avoid poverty or were replacing the income from the loss of a spouse. At that time, the ventures that these women undertook were not thought of as entrepreneurial. Many of them had to focus on their domestic responsibilities. For instance, with longstanding and significant barriers to educational and alternative employment opportunities, Black women were historically relegated to low-paying jobs and domestic work—particularly in the Jim Crow South. As a result, Black women of the early 20th century developed entrepreneurial niches in dressmaking, Black hair care, private home domestic work and midwifery. Lower levels of wealth, access to capital, racial discrimination and inadequate networks have been and continue to be barriers to entrepreneurship women of colour face.
The term entrepreneur is used to describe individuals who have ideas for products and/or services that they turn into a working business. In earlier times, this term was reserved for men.
Women became more involved in the business world only when the idea of women in business became palatable to the general public; however, this does not mean that there were no female entrepreneurs until that time. In the 17th century, Dutch colonists who came to what is now known as New York City, operated under a matriarchal society. In this society, many women inherited money and lands, and through this inheritance, became business owners. One of the most successful women of this time was Margaret Hardenbrook Philipse, who was a merchant, a shipowner, and was involved in the trading of goods.
During the mid-18th century, it was popular for women to own certain businesses like brothels, alehouses, taverns, and retail shops. Most of these businesses were not perceived with good reputations because it was considered shameful for women to be in these positions. Society frowned upon women involved in such businesses; because they detracted from the women's supposed gentle and frail nature. During the 18th and 19th centuries, more women came out from under the oppression of society's limits, and began to emerge into the public eye. Despite the disapproval of society, women such as Rebecca Lukens flourished. In 1825, Lukens took over the family business, Brandywine Iron Works & Nail Factory, and turned it into a profit-generating steel business.
In the 1900s, due to a more progressive way of thinking, and the rise of feminism, female entrepreneurs began to be a widely accepted term. Although these female entrepreneurs serviced mostly female consumers, they were making great strides. Women gained the right to vote in 1920, and two years later, Clara and Lillian Westropp started the institution of Women's Savings & Loan as a way of teaching women how to be smart with their money. As society progressed, female entrepreneurs became more influential. With the boom of the textile industry and the development of the railroad and telegraph system, women such as Madame C. J. Walker took advantage of the changing times. Walker was able to market her hair care products in a successful way, becoming the first African American female millionaire. Carrie Crawford Smith was the owner of an employment agency that opened in 1918, and like Madame C. J. Walker, sought to provide help to many women by giving them opportunities to work.
During the Great Depression, some of the opportunities afforded to women took a backseat and society seemed to reverse its views, reverting to more traditional roles. This affected women working in business; however, it also served as a push to those involved in the entrepreneurial world. More women began to start their own businesses, looking to survive during this time of hardship. In 1938, Hattie Moseley Austin, who had begun to sell chicken and biscuits after her husband died, opened Hattie's Chicken Shack in Saratoga Springs, New York.
During World War II, many women entered the workforce, filling jobs that men had left behind to serve in the military. Some women, of their own accord, took these jobs as a patriotic duty while others started businesses of their own. One of these women was Pauline Trigere, who came to New York from Paris in 1937, started a tailoring business that later turned into a high-end fashion house. Another woman was Estée Lauder, who was working on the idea for her beauty products which officially launched in 1946, a year after the war ended. When the war ended, many women still had to maintain their place in the business world; because, many of the men who returned were injured.
The National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs were sources of encouragement to female entrepreneurs. They often would hold workshops with already established entrepreneurs, such as Elizabeth Arden, who would give advice. During the 1950s, women found themselves surrounded by messages everywhere, stating what their role should be. Domesticity was the overall public concern and a theme that was highly stressed during this time, and women had to juggle combined home responsibilities and their careers.
Home-based businesses helped to solve a good part of the problem for those women who worried about being mothers. Lillian Vernon, while pregnant with her first child, started her own business dealing with catalogues by investing money from wedding gifts and started filling orders right at her kitchen table. Mary Crowley founded Home Decorating and Interiors as a way of helping women to work from home by throwing parties to sell the products right in the comfort of their own home. In an effort to avoid criticism and lost business from those who did not support women in business, Bette Nesmith, who developed the product "Mistake Out," a liquid that painted over mistakes in typing, would sign her orders B. Smith so no one would know she was a female.
From the 1960s to the late 1970s, another change came about when divorce rates rose and many women were forced back into the role of being the sole provider. This pushed them back into the working world, where they were not well received. When the recession hit, many of these women were the first to be without work. Once again, the entrepreneurial endeavours of women came to the rescue as an effort of asserting themselves and aiding other women in being a part of the workforce. Mary Kay Ash and Ruth Fertel of Ruth's Chris Steak House were part of that movement.
The 1980s and 1990s were a time of reaping the benefits from the hard work of women who worked tirelessly for their rightful place in the workforce as employees and entrepreneurs. Martha Stewart and Vera Bradley were among the twenty-first per cent women who owned businesses. The public was also becoming more receptive and encouraging to these female entrepreneurs, acknowledging the valuable contribution they were making to the economy. The National Association of Women Business Owners helped to push Congress to pass the Women's Business Ownership Act in 1988, which would end discrimination in lending and also strike down laws that required married women to acquire their husband's signature for all loans. In addition, the Act also gave women-owned businesses a chance to compete for government contracts.
Another monumental moment for women in business was the appointment of Susan Engeleiter as head of the US government's Small Business Administration in 1989. In the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, there was more of a focus on networking opportunities in the world of female entrepreneurs. There were many opportunities that came about to help those who were interested in starting up their own businesses. Support groups, organizations for educating the female entrepreneur, and other opportunities like seminars and help with financing came from many different sources, such as the Women's Business Development Center and Count Me In. Despite all these advances, the female entrepreneurs still fell behind when compared to their male counterparts.
As the 1990s came in, the availability of computers and the increasing popularity of the internet gave a much-needed boost to women in business. This technology allowed them to be more prevalent in the business world and showcase their skills to their competitors. Even with the increased popularity of women in business, the availability of technology and the support from different organizations, female entrepreneurs today are still struggling. The economic downturn of 2008 did not serve to help them in their quest. However, with the continual attention given to female entrepreneurs and the educational programs afforded to women who seek to start out with their own business ventures, there is much information and help available. Since 2000, there has been an increase in small and big ventures by women, including one of their biggest obstacles—financing.
Vartika Manasvi is among those who chose Canada over the US. According to her, "there’s no longevity there."
Demographics
Studies have shown that successful female entrepreneurs start their businesses as a second or third profession. Because of their previous careers, female entrepreneurs enter the business world later on in life, around 40–60 years old. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report, “women are nearly one-third more likely to start businesses out of necessity than men.” Because women are overtaking their male peers in the level of education obtained, having higher education degrees is one of the significant characteristics that many successful female entrepreneurs have in common. The average self-employment rate for women under 25 years old in OECD countries is 7.2%.
The number of self-employed women has steadily increased over the past three decades, putting them at an approximate thirty-three per cent increase. Many female-owned businesses continue to be home-based operations. These types of businesses usually have limited revenue with about eighty per cent of them making less than $50,000 in 2002. This group made up about six per cent of total women-owned businesses. Children of these female entrepreneurs are expected to boost that number as they contribute to the growing number of female entrepreneurs. Most women-owned businesses are in wholesale, retail trade, and manufacturing. Female entrepreneurs have also made a name for themselves in professional, scientific, and technical services, as well as in healthcare and social assistance. In the majority of OECD countries, female entrepreneurs are more likely to work in the services industry than their male counterparts.
In 1972, women-owned businesses accounted for 4.6 per cent of all U.S. businesses—that was about 1.5 million self-employed women. That number increased to 2.1 million in 1979 and 3.5 million in 1984. In 1997, there were about 5.4 million women-owned businesses and in 2007, that number increased to 7.8 million. The participation of females in entrepreneurial activities does of course vary in different levels around the world. For example, in Pakistan, female entrepreneurs account for only 1% of this gender's population, while in Zambia 40% of women are engaged in this activity. The highest number of females involved in entrepreneurial activities can be seen in Sub-Saharan Africa, with 27% of the female population. Latin America/Caribbean economies show comparatively high percentages as well (15%). The lower numbers are seen in the MENA/Mid-Asia region with entrepreneurial activities registering at 4%. Developed Europe and Asia, as well as Israel, also show low rates of 5%.
International implications
A recent international study found that women from low to middle income countries (such as Russia and the Philippines) are more likely to enter early-stage entrepreneurship when compared to those of higher-income countries (such as Belgium, Sweden, and Australia). A significant factor that may play a role in this disparity can be attributed to the fact that women from low-income countries often seek additional means of income to support themselves and their families. Overall, 40 to 50 per cent of all small businesses are owned by women in developing countries. Alternatively, this may also be because in western business practices, it is not seen as beneficial to exhibit perceived feminine traits. While eastern businesses tend to follow methods based around mutual respect and understanding, western businesses' expectations are for business leaders to be more ruthless, headstrong, and less sensitive or respectful.
"In the grab for power, women use whatever means available to them, whereas a man would take a club to his opponents head, a woman is more likely use other less forceful and more subversive measures. Let's just own it, we have different weapons in our arsenal." Female entrepreneurs make up approximately 1/3 of all entrepreneurs globally. According to one study, in 2012 there was an approximate 126 million women that were either starting or already running new businesses in various economies all over the world. As far as those who were already established, there was an approximate 98 million. Not only are these women running or starting their own businesses but they are also employing others so that they are participating in the growth of their respective economies.
A study in India, entitled "Barriers of Women Entrepreneurs: A Study in Bangalore Urban District", has concluded that despite all these constraints, successful female entrepreneurs do exist. Female entrepreneurs have evidently more to ‘acquire’ than their male counterparts. But, the socio-cultural environment in which women are born and raised hinders them. Social customs, caste restrictions, cultural restraints, and norms leave women lagging behind men.
Present challenges
Even though female entrepreneurship and the formation of female-owned business networks is steadily rising, there are a number of challenges and obstacles that female entrepreneurs face. One major challenge for female entrepreneurs faces traditional gender roles that are structurally internalized by society. Entrepreneurship is still considered as a male-dominated field, and it may be difficult to surpass these conventional views. Other than dealing with the dominant stereotype, female entrepreneurs are facing several obstacles related to their businesses.
Human, social, financial capital barriers
One of the arguments the study of gender discrimination in venture capital funding is that the demand for skilled women entrepreneurs is greater than the supply. In 1999, the Diana Project showed that contrary to conventional wisdom, many of the women who were not financed through growth capital had the necessary skills to build a high-growth business.
Other research has shown that women entrepreneurs are already launching ambitious businesses in the high-technology industry, expanding their social networks, and making their pitches more relatable to the male-dominated VC industry, despite many industry people believing that women are not doing that. Some studies, though, have looked at the social networks of women entrepreneurs, showing that their networks are different from that of their male counterparts and aren't overlapping as much with financial networks. An entrepreneur's social capital is defined by the networks they have access to, and receiving private equity funding is heavily influenced by an entrepreneur's social capital and whether it overlaps with that of venture capitalists. Thus, women continue being disadvantaged in that respect when looking for private equity funding.
Another important factor in receiving private equity funding is an entrepreneur's human capital, derived from education, training and experience. Some studies have shown that women were less likely to have the necessary experience in executive or technical management since they tended to be more present in the retail, finance, service and real estate sectors. This has led other researchers to study female entrepreneurs with extensive human capital, to identify whether they still face discrimination in their funding search. In a study that used data from MIT Venture Mentoring Service, it was found that women with strong human capital were still less likely to pursue their high-growth business ideas full-time. Education, especially in the STEM fields, is another barrier that women face in achieving the necessary human capital.
Obstacles in Supply Specifically in STEM
STEM related fields are heavily populated by men, and women are extremely underrepresented. Many people believe this issue to be getting better, and although it may be, it is still a large issue that must be addressed on a larger scale. From a study done in 2010 by AAUW, it seems as though the underrepresentation stems from societal norms that cause barriers. Some of these barriers include stereotypes and gender bias. But one of the most important aspects that is often not recognized as much is that some of these barriers come from the way that engineering and mathematics programs at universities are geared more towards men. An example outlined in this study was that a woman going into a math exam naturally feels more pressure due to the idea that men are better at math, and the environment of being in a room with more men would subconsciously affect performance as well. In addition, women having the ability to get out of the mindset that they have a fixed amount of intelligence is imperative in achieving more in the scientific world. There are hundreds of peer-reviewed research papers written focusing on many different aspects of education, specifically regarding STEM, that explain the implicit bias against women. For example, a review, “Males under-estimate academic performance of their female peers in undergraduate biology classrooms”, stated that men rank their fellow male classmates as more knowledgeable than their female peers.
There are also issues regarding occupational sex segregation because there is hiring discrimination in the technology and mathematics fields. This is partially due to the way society makes it seem as though it is socially abnormal for women to work in STEM-related fields. In addition, this issue is extremely hard to fix because it is so ingrained in society, but it is important that there are options for girls to get involved in STEM related classes and extracurriculars at a young age in order to create less of an inequality of opportunity. This will also help break the norm that STEM is a man's field.
Gendered processes in finding financing
A different approach to researching gender discrimination in venture capital funding is studying the gendered processes of looking into financing.
It has been shown that in the venture capital world there is a strong tendency towards homophily, meaning that people with a certain background will associate themselves to individuals with a similar background. This leads to entrepreneurs seeking financing from members of their sex. Their results confirm this hypothesis since only 8.9% of proposals brought to VCs were put forward by women, even though the authors couldn't find a statistically significant difference between the probability for women and men to receive equity. This poses a huge challenge for women entrepreneurs seeking financing from other women, since the number of women venture capitalists has decreased from 10% in 1999 to 6% in 2014, which is why the Diana Project argues that for increasing women-led ventures' access to capital there should be more women VCs.
At the same time, these statistics could also be explained by the higher requirements that women face when submitting a proposal for VC financing. In one study, it was found that financing evaluators see women without a technical background as less capable than males without a technical background. Women with a technical background had an advantage to their male counterparts for being evaluated as more sociable and having better leadership skills. This also meant that for women to be seen as legitimate entrepreneurs they needed to exhibit higher qualifications than male entrepreneurs, needing both a technical background and a higher social capital, thus strong social ties with people from the industry. This shows that for evaluators to trust women entrepreneur's abilities they need to see a greater potential in them than in their male counterparts, likely due to gender stereotypes.
Other studies, though, have shown that these are not the only obstacles women face due to the stereotypes associated to their gender. Multiple studies on discrimination faced by women seeking financing for their ventures have been built on top of the gender role congruity theory, which states that individuals expect men and women to act in ways that match their gender stereotypes. In one study it was observed that qualities associated to successful entrepreneurs converged to attributes that evaluators assigned to male entrepreneurs, while the characteristics opposite to those of an ideal entrepreneur were generally attributed by evaluators to femininity. This highlights the fact that gender stereotyping is consistently being used in venture capitalists' decision-making process. Gender stereotyping in the VCs' decision making was also emphasised in a different study that showed that men and women get asked different questions during their pitches. The questions targeted towards the women entrepreneurs are focused on prevention and loss, while their male counterparts receive questions focused on potential gains. While women got asked questions like: "How predictable are your future cash flows?", men were asked: "What major milestones are you targeting for this year?". The authors note that this approach sets up women for failure from the very beginning.
Entrepreneurs are not the only ones affected by gender stereotypes. The whole process of seeking financing, from the relationships between entrepreneurs and investors to the human and social capital, have been shown to have gender embedded in them. It has been shown that women tend to emphasise the human and social capital they have, in an effort to compensate for the lack of resources usually associated with the ideal entrepreneur, especially since other studies have shown that the ideal entrepreneur usually has attributes generally associated to male entrepreneurs.[3]In an effort to emphasise their potential, women also tend to stress the involvement of men as board members and board chairs in their ventures. The authors have classified women entrepreneur's strategies that emphasise more "masculine" attributes of their venture, such as growth ambitions, as compensatory signalling strategies. Another aspect highlighted by this study is that industry experience in "feminine" industries, such as the spa and fitness industry, is seen as less valuable by investors than experience in industries generally associated to masculinity, such as the petrol industry.
Venture capitalist's gendered view of entrepreneur's experience is only one of the examples of having women entrepreneurs held at different standards than their male counterparts. In a study focusing on the financing received by entrepreneurs from banks, it was found that male entrepreneurs received more funding than their female counterparts, despite having the same number of employees and past performance track record (two factors that show viability for a business). Thus, women's strong track records did not correlate as strongly with the funding received as for men, and so for the same business attributes their reward was lower.
Obstacles specific to starting new firms
The theory of "homophily," is a concept described by social scientists as the tendency for people to seek out or be attracted to those who are similar to themselves. This theory impacts the number of women who are able to start new firms because there are fewer women than men who own their own companies; women compose about half of the labour force but own only 36 per cent of US companies. This statistic shows how it is evident that the number of women in this field is disproportionate to the population. Recent data suggests that when female entrepreneurs start their businesses, they have significantly lower levels of capital than men. A disproportionate access to capital, compared to male entrepreneurs, also serves a systemic barrier to creating a new firm. Women who start their own firms have a higher likelihood of success if they have disposable financial or social capital. Without this opportunity, there are many more obstacles that place women at a disadvantage compared to their male counterparts. Women entrepreneurs are starting with a disadvantage when starting their firms, making it more difficult to navigate the initial stages of growing a personal business. Other obstacles include the fact that firms owned by women tend to be smaller than men, are more likely to fail, and have lower levels of sale, profits and employment. Knowing that these barriers exist may serve as a deterrent to female entrepreneurs, or alternatively increase the chance of less successful firms. Structural elements include sex discrimination and internalized stereotypes that create these barriers. Furthermore, firms owned by women are predominately part of the service and retail sector. Consolidation of female-run firms in a specific sector highlights internalized stereotypes regarding abilities and interests of female entrepreneurs.
External finance and sex discrimination.
In general, women have lower personal financial assets than men. This means that for a given opportunity and equally capable individual, women must secure additional resources compared to men in order to exploit the opportunity; because they control less capital. The question of whether women have a harder time getting finance than men for the same business opportunity has developed into its own sub-field. One possible issue in raising outside capital is that 96% of senior venture capitalists are men and may not be as understanding of female-centric businesses. However, the situation seems to be improving. A study by Babson College showed that in 1999, fewer than 5% of venture capital investments went to companies with a woman on the executive team. In 2011, it was 9% and in 2013 it had jumped to 18%.
A specific solution for solving women's difficulties for obtaining financing has been micro-financing. Microfinance is a financial institution that has become exceptionally popular, especially in developing economies. Female entrepreneurs have also been especially successful in getting funded through crowdfunding platforms like Kickstarter.
Due to lack of funding for women in new businesses many women founders have had to hire or create fake male profiles to act as co-founders, executives, or the face of their businesses to make progress.
Obstacles to managing a small firm
Studies on female entrepreneurs show that women have to cope with stereotypical attitudes towards them on a daily basis. Business relations—from customers to suppliers and banks—constantly remind the entrepreneur that she is different, sometimes in a positive way such as by praising her for being a successful entrepreneur even though she is a woman. Employees tend to mix the perceptions of the manager with their images of female role models, leading to mixed expectations on a female manager to be a manager as well as a "mother". The workload associated with being a small business manager is also not easily combined with taking care of children and a family. However, even if the revenues are somewhat smaller, female entrepreneurs feel more in control and happier with their situation than if they worked as an employee.
Female entrepreneurship has been recognized as an important source of economic growth. Female entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and also provide society with different solutions to management, organisation, and business problems. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. Female entrepreneurs often face gender-based barriers to starting and growing their businesses, like discriminatory property; matrimonial and inheritance laws, and/or cultural practices; lack of access to formal finance mechanisms; limited mobility and access to information and networks, etc.
A woman's entrepreneurship can make a particularly strong contribution to the economic well-being of the family and communities, poverty reduction and women's empowerment, thus contributing to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Thus, governments across the world, as well as various developmental organizations, are actively undertaking the promotion of female entrepreneurs through various schemes, incentives and promotional measures. Female entrepreneurs in the four southern states and Maharashtra account for over 50% of all women-led small-scale industrial units in India.
Obstacles to growing firms
A specific problem of female entrepreneurs seems to be their inability to achieve growth, especially sales growth.
Another issue is finance and, as stated previously, the entrepreneurial process is somewhat dependent on initial conditions. In other words, as women often have a difficult time assembling external resources, they start as less ambitious firms that can be financed to a greater degree by their own available resources. This also has consequences for the future growth of the firm. Basically, firms with more resources at start-up have a higher probability to grow than firms with fewer resources. Resources include the following: societal position, human resources, and financial resources. This initial endowment in the firm is of great importance for firm survival and especially for firm growth.
A study by the Kauffman Foundation of 570 high-tech firms started in 2004 showed that women-owned firms were more likely to be organized as sole proprietorships, both during their startup year and in the years to follow. Female entrepreneurs were also much more likely to start their firms out of their homes and were less likely to have employees. This fact may serve as an indication that women either anticipated having smaller firms or were operating under resource constraints that did not allow them to launch firms requiring more assets, employees, or financial resources. This study also found that women only raised 70% of the amount that men raised to start their firms, which ultimately impacted their ability to introduce new products and services or expand their business in terms of employees or geographic locations.
Despite the fact that many female entrepreneurs face growth barriers, they are still able to achieve substantial firm growth. Organizations such as Gritty in Pink - a platform associated with Melissa Etheridge to empower women in music - have succeeded through partnerships with programs like the Long Beach Accelerator, which works with Sunstone Management to invest in tech startups, placing an emphasis on diversity.
Encouragement
In 1993, "Take Our Daughters To Work Day" was popularized to support career exploration for girls, and later expanded to Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day. Hillary Clinton stated that "Investing in women is not only the right thing to do but also the smart thing to do." Research shows that there are many support groups for women in business, for female entrepreneurs, and for women looking for business advice. Women in different areas are willing to show the support that in some cases, they never had. They offer encouragement, advice, and support to moms who seek to provide for their families through their own visions for the business. HerCorner, is a group located in Washington, D.C. This group seeks to bring women business owners together to collaborate with each other for the betterment of their businesses. There are government-backed programs available to female entrepreneurs and information can be found on their website at SBA Online and their Facebook group SBAgov. Female-only taxi companies in India, the UAE, and Brazil support working women. One example of successful female entrepreneurship in rural villages of Bangladesh is the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme (ISEP). Norway celebrates Female Entrepreneur of the Year.
Reasons for launching firms
Many studies show that women start their own businesses for a variety of reasons. These reasons include the following: having an idea for a business plan, having a passion for solving a specifically related career problem, wanting to be more in control of their careers, maintaining a more balanced life, having a flexible work schedule, and taking a personal vision and turning it into a lucrative business.
Along with the intense desire to see their vision carried out, these women also have a great ability to multi-task and never feared the risks involved in being self-employed. Women are still facing many issues in the workforce, and being their own boss certainly is more appealing to some of the everyday issues they face outside of entrepreneurship.
Gender roles are still very much a part of their lives, but some female entrepreneurs, they feel more in control when working for themselves.
Feminism
A feminist entrepreneur is an individual who applies feminist values and approaches through entrepreneurship, with the goal of improving the quality of life and wellbeing of girls and women. Many are doing so by creating ‘for women, by women’ enterprises.’ Feminist entrepreneurs are motivated to enter commercial markets by desire to create wealth and social change, based on the ethics of cooperation, equality, and mutual respect.
See also
Fortune Most Powerful Women Entrepreneurs
The Dressmaker of Khair Khana by Gayle Tzemach Lemmon
Appreneur
Confederation of Women Entrepreneurs
See also
Joan Dant
References
Business occupations
Management occupations
Entrepreneurship
Women and employment |
Gilligan's Island is an American sitcom created and produced by Sherwood Schwartz. The show's ensemble cast features Bob Denver, Alan Hale Jr., Jim Backus, Natalie Schafer, Tina Louise, Russell Johnson and Dawn Wells. It aired for three seasons on the CBS network from September 26, 1964, to April 17, 1967. The series follows the comic adventures of seven castaways as they try to survive on an island where they are shipwrecked. Most episodes revolve around the dissimilar castaways' conflicts and their unsuccessful attempts to escape their plight, with the ship's first mate, Gilligan, usually being responsible for the failures.
Gilligan's Island ran for 98 episodes. All 36 episodes of the first season were filmed in black and white and were later colorized for syndication. The show's second and third seasons (62 episodes) and the three television film sequels (broadcast between 1978 and 1982) were filmed in color.
Gilligan's Island received solid ratings during its original run, then grew in popularity during decades of syndication, especially in the 1970s and '80s when many markets ran the show in the late afternoon. Today, all of the characters of Gilligan's Island are recognized as American cultural icons.
Premise
The two-man crew of the charter boat SS Minnow and five passengers on a "three-hour tour" from Honolulu run into a storm and are shipwrecked on an uncharted island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. (The exact location is said to be in conflicting longitudes/latitudes in three episodes.) Their efforts to be rescued are typically thwarted by the inadvertent conduct of the hapless first mate, Gilligan. In 1997, show creator Sherwood Schwartz explained that the underlying concept, people with different characters and backgrounds being in a situation where they need to learn how to get along and cooperate with each other to survive, is still "the most important idea in the world today".
Cast and characters
Bob Denver as Gilligan, the hapless first mate of the S.S. Minnow.
Alan Hale Jr. as Captain Jonas Grumby ("The Skipper"), the captain of the S.S. Minnow
Jim Backus as Thurston Howell III, a Wall Street millionaire
Natalie Schafer as Eunice "Lovey" Howell, Thurston's wife
Tina Louise as Ginger Grant, a Hollywood movie star
Russell Johnson as Professor Roy Hinkley, Ph.D. ("The Professor")
Dawn Wells as Mary Ann Summers, a wholesome farm girl from Winfield, Kansas, who won the trip and tour in a lottery
Charles Maxwell (uncredited) as the voice of the recurring radio announcer
Episodes
Pilot episode
The pilot episode, "Marooned", was filmed in November 1963. The pilot featured seven characters (as in the series), but only four of the characters—and their associated actors—were carried forward into the series: Gilligan (Denver), the Skipper (Hale) and the Howells (Backus and Schafer).
Because of the three significant character and casting changes between the pilot episode and the first series episode, the pilot was not shown before the series first aired on September 26, 1964. The original pilot eventually aired over 29 years later on TBS.
The three characters who did not carry forward from the pilot were two secretaries and a high school teacher. In the pilot, the scientifically inclined Professor was instead a high school teacher played by John Gabriel. Ginger the movie star was still red-haired Ginger, but she worked as a secretary and was played by Kit Smythe. She was more sarcastic than the later incarnation. Mary Ann the Kansas farm girl was instead Bunny, Ginger's co-worker, played as a cheerful "dumb blonde" by Nancy McCarthy.
The pilot's opening and ending songs were two similar calypso-styled tracks written by John Williams and performed by Sherwood Schwartz impersonating singer Sir Lancelot. The lyrics of both differ from those of the TV series and the pilot's opening theme song was longer. The short scenes during this initial music include Gilligan taking the Howells' luggage to the boat before cast-off and Gilligan trying to give a cup of coffee to the Skipper during the storm that would ultimately maroon the boat.
After the opening theme song and credits end, the pilot proper begins with the seven castaways waking up on the beached SS Minnow. It continues with them performing various tasks including exploring the island, trying to fix the transmitter, building huts and finding food. Contrary to some descriptions, the pilot contained no detailed accounts of the characters' backgrounds. It concludes with the ending theme song and credits. The background music and even the laugh tracks of the pilot appear nearly identical to those used during the series.
First broadcast episode
The first episode actually broadcast, "Two on a Raft", is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the series pilot. This episode begins with the same scene of Gilligan and the Skipper awakening on the boat as in the pilot (though slightly differently cut, to eliminate most shots of the departed actors) and continues with the characters sitting on the beach listening to a radio news report about their disappearance. No equivalent scene or background information is in the pilot, except for the description of the passengers in the original theme song. Rather than reshooting the rest of the pilot story for broadcast, the show just proceeded. The plot thus skips over the topics of the pilot; the bulk of the episode tells of Gilligan and the Skipper setting off on a raft to try to bring help but unknowingly landing back on the other side of the same island.
The scene with the radio report is one of two scenes that reveal the names of the Skipper (Jonas Grumby) and the Professor (Roy Hinkley); the names are used in a similar radio report early in the series. The name Jonas Grumby appears nowhere else in the series except for an episode in which the Maritime Board of Review blames the Skipper for the loss of the Minnow. The name Roy Hinkley is used one other time when Mr. Howell introduces the Professor as Roy Huntley and the Professor corrects him, to which Mr. Howell replies, "Brinkley, Brinkley."
The plot for the pilot episode was recycled into that season's Christmas episode, "Birds Gotta Fly, Fish Gotta Talk", in which the story of the pilot episode, concerning the practical problems on landing, is related through a series of flashbacks. Footage featuring characters that had been recast was reshot using the current actors. For scenes including only Denver, Hale, Backus and Schafer, the original footage was reused.
Last broadcast episode
The last episode of the show, "Gilligan the Goddess", aired on April 17, 1967, and ended just like the rest, with the castaways still stranded on the island. It was not known at the time that it would be the series finale, as a fourth season was expected but then canceled.
Typical plots
The shipwrecked castaways are desperate to leave the island and various opportunities frequently present themselves but invariably fail, nearly always due to some bumbling error committed by Gilligan. Sometimes this results in Gilligan saving the others from some unforeseen flaw in their plan.
Most episodes of Gilligan's Island use variations of five recurring basic plots:
Life on the island. A running gag is the castaways' ability to fashion an array of useful objects from bamboo, coconuts, gourds, vines and other local materials. Some are everyday items, such as eating and cooking utensils, while others (such as a dental drill and a remarkably efficient lie detector apparatus) are stretches of the imagination. Russell Johnson noted in his autobiography that the production crew enjoyed the challenge of building these props. These bamboo items include framed huts with thatched grass sides and roofs, along with bamboo closets strong enough to withstand hurricane-force winds and rain, the communal dining table and chairs, pipes for Gilligan's hot water, a stethoscope and a pedal-powered car.
Visitors to the island. Another challenge to a viewer's suspension of disbelief is the remarkable frequency with which the remote, uncharted island is visited by an assortment of people all of whom either refuse or fail to help rescue the castaways.
Dream sequences in which one of the castaways dreams they are some character related to that week's story line. All of the castaways appeared as other characters within the dream. In later interviews and memoirs, nearly all the actors stated that the dream episodes were among their favorites.
A piece of news concerning one or more of the castaways is heard over the radio and causes distress or discord among them.
The appearance or arrival of unusual objects to the island, such as a World War II naval mine, an old silent motion picture camera and costumes, a crate of radioactive vegetable seeds, plastic explosives, a robot, a live lion, a jet pack, or a wayward "Mars Lander" that the scientists who launched it think is sending them pictures of life on Mars.
Most of the slapstick comedic sequences between Hale and Denver were inspired by Laurel and Hardy, particularly when Hale breaks the fourth wall by looking directly into the camera, expressing his frustration with Denver's clumsiness, as Oliver Hardy often did.
Dream sequences
One of the trademarks of Gilligan's Island was its frequent use of dream sequences. The showrunners used this device as a way to keep the setting of the show from becoming redundant and to showcase the acting talents of the cast. Many episodes that feature dream sequences are ranked among the most memorable episodes of the show, as most of them parodied or drew inspiration from works of literature, film, and other television shows of the day.
The dream sequences always corresponded to the real-life situation of the episode and usually featured symbolism that prompted a change of heart in whichever castaway was dreaming. Of the seven castaways, Ginger was the only one who never had a dream sequence.
The Sound of Quacking (S1E7) — Parody of Gunsmoke. Afraid that the starving castaways will eat his pet duck Emily, Gilligan dreams that he is U.S. Marshall Gilligan, whose primary task is keeping the rowdy citizens of his town from eating Emily, who he keeps locked in a jail cell. Features the Skipper as the Marshall's limping deputy, Ginger as a sultry saloon girl, Mary Ann as the Marshall's sweetheart, Mrs. Howell as a duck-gravy-making Spanish señora, and Mr. Howell and the Professor as a lynch mob.
St. Gilligan and the Dragon (S1E20) — All four men react to the girls' recent demand for equal rights by having dreams that reflect what they expect from their women. The Skipper dreams that he is a sultan with Ginger, Mary Ann, and Mrs. Howell as his dancing girls. Mr. Howell dreams that he is relaxing in a spa with all three girls catering to his every whim. The Professor dreams that he is Cary Grant emerging from his dressing room only to be assaulted by the girls, his crazed fans. Gilligan, always childlike, dreams that he is a bullfighter and that the girls each bring him a gift.
My Fair Gilligan (S1E35) — Gilligan's fears of his new life as the Howells' adopted son are manifested when he dreams that he is a spoiled prince who callously orders the beheadings of any supplicant who displeases him in the slightest. Features Mr. and Mrs. Howell as the pampering King and Queen, Mary Ann as a shepherd girl, the Professor as a wizardly astronomer, Ginger as a simpering court lady, and the Skipper as a naval admiral.
The Little Dictator (S2E3) — Having just been appointed the puppet ruler of the island, Gilligan dreams that he is the dictator of a small foreign country on the brink of war, and the other castaways serve as his cabinet, who desperately try to convince him to look out his window at the chaos outside. Features Mr. Howell as the minister of finance, the Skipper as the secretary of the navy, Ginger as an undercover agent, the other castaways as cabinet members, and guest star Nehemiah Persoff as the masterminding dictator. Notable for being the only dream sequence to feature a guest star as a main character.
The Sweepstakes (S2E5) — Obsessed with finding Gilligan's lost sweepstake ticket, Mr. Howell dreams that he is a grizzled prospector in the Old West who has just struck millions of dollars' worth of gold, but the kingly treatment he receives in town is quickly revoked when he realizes that he doesn't have proof of his claim. Features the Professor as a crooked bank owner, Gilligan as the corrupt U.S. Marshall, Ginger as a smooth-talking saloon owner, Mary Ann as an impoverished country girl, and the Skipper as a cheating gambler. Notable for being one of the few dream sequences in which one of the castaways does not appear (Mrs. Howell, in this case). Jim Backus reprised his role as the prospector in the three-part Grand Canyon episode in the third season of The Brady Bunch.
The Postman Cometh (S2E18) — Inspired by Dr. Kildare and Ben Casey. Afraid that she is going to die from eating poison mushrooms, Mary Ann falls asleep listening to her medical soap opera radio show and dreams that she is a patient in a hospital for a fatal disease. Features Mr. Howell as the kooky Dr. Zorbagillespie, Gilligan as Dr. Charles Boyer, the Skipper as Dr. Matt Dillon, the Professor as Dr. Cary Grant, and Mrs. Howell and Ginger as somewhat sympathetic nurses.
V for Vitamins (S2E30) — Inspired by Jack and the Beanstalk. Gilligan falls asleep while guarding the last of the castaways' citrus rations and dreams that he is a farm boy named Jack tasked with retrieving oranges for his starving family, but he ends up buying magic beans, climbing a beanstalk, and entering a giant's castle. Features Mrs. Howell as Jack's mother, Mr. Howell as a W.C. Fields-inspired gangster, Mary Ann as the Giant's helpful maid, the Skipper as the Giant, and Ginger and the Professor as elderly captives in the Giant's dungeon. In the sequence where Jack runs from the Giant, Bob Denver's young son Patrick played Jack in combination with forced perspective to make Jack look extra small.
Meet the Meteor (S2E32) — When the Professor's measurements of radiation on a newly-crashed meteor show it to be lethal, Gilligan dreams that the castaways have aged to extreme feebleness in only a few days. The castaways hobble from their huts to the dining table to celebrate one final anniversary on the island before they die of old age or before an electrical storm destroys the island.
Up at Bat (S3E1) — Inspired by Dracula and Sherlock Holmes. After supposedly being bitten by a vampire bat, Gilligan dreams that he is a ghoulish vampire inhabiting a haunted castle and eagerly awaiting the arrival of his guests, who also double as his dinner. Features Ginger as the vampire's ghostly wife, the Professor as Sherlock Holmes, the Skipper as Dr. Watson, Mr. and Mrs. Howell as unsuspecting guests in the house, and Mary Ann as the hideous housekeeper. Notable for being filmed on the same haunted mansion set from the earlier episode "The Friendly Physician" (S2E29) and climaxes with a brawl with onomatopoeic words superimposed on the visual like the competing series, Batman .
The Invasion (S3E11) — Inspired by James Bond. Gilligan's fears of being hunted down by secret agents show up in his dream, in which he is suave spy Agent 014 fighting against a criminal empire and its formidable group of assassins out to kill him and take away his top-secret briefcase. Features the Professor as the Chief Good Guy, Mr. Howell as Mr. Evil (inspired by Ernst Stavro Blofeld), Mrs. Howell as Mr. Evil's moll, Mary Ann as the deadly receptionist, Ginger as Gilligan's treacherous fiancée, and the Skipper as an evil agent disguised as Gilligan's mother.
And Then There Were None (S3E13) — Inspired by Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde. Gilligan believes that he may be a murderous psychopath and dreams that he is on trial as an Oscar Wilde-style Doctor Gilligan, who transforms into a hideous monster at the mention of food. Features Mrs. Howell as his defense attorney Mary Poppins, Mary Ann as the loyal Eliza Doolittle (who has apparently confused Henry Jekyll for Henry Higgins), Ginger as the Lady in Red, Mr. Howell as a biased judge, the Professor as the prosecuting attorney, and the Skipper as the bailiff.
Court-Martial (S3E17) — Gilligan dreams that he is Lord Admiral Gilligan, the youngest in the British fleet, charged with protecting the three noble ladies onboard when the ship is attacked and captured by uncouth pirates. Features Mr. Howell as Captain Hook, the Professor as Long John Silver, the Skipper as Captain Kidd, Mrs. Howell as the queen mother, and Ginger and Mary Ann as her daughters.
Lovey's Secret Admirer (S3E19) — Inspired by Cinderella. After a fight with her husband, Mrs. Howell dreams that she is Cinderella, oppressed by her wicked stepfamily but determined to attend the royal ball and meet the prince. Features the Skipper as Cinderella's stepmother, Ginger and Mary Ann as the ugly stepsisters, Gilligan as the inept Fairy Godfather, Mr. Howell as the self-absorbed prince, and the Skipper and the Professor as pages.
The Secret of Gilligan's Island (S3E25) — Gilligan's discovery of an ancient stone tablet on the island leads him to dream that he and the castaways are cave people, each with a goal or fear about leaving their familiar caves in search of a better land. Features Gilligan as an artistic stonecutter, the Skipper as his best friend, Mr. Howell as the dictatorial chief, Mrs. Howell as his jealous wife, Ginger and Mary Ann as cave girls seeking husbands, and the Professor as an inventor.
Production
The show was filmed at the CBS Radford Studios complex in Studio City, Los Angeles. The same stage was later used for The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Roseanne, the latter of which featured a daydream parodying Gilligan's Island in one episode. The lagoon was drained and used as a parking lot during the show's off-season and was the last surviving element of the show when it was demolished in 1997 as part of an expansion project.
Four boats were used as the SS Minnow. One was used in the opening credits and rented in Ala Wai Yacht Harbor in Honolulu. Another, the Bluejacket, was used in the opening credits shown during the second and third seasons and eventually turned up for sale on Vancouver Island in August 2006, after running aground on a reef in the Hecate Strait on the way south from Alaska. One boat was used for beach scenes after being towed to Kauai in Hawaii. The fourth Minnow was built on the CBS Studios set in the second season. The Minnow was named in reference to Newton Minow, chairman of the U.S. FCC, in response to Minow's landmark 1961 speech "Television and the Public Interest"; the speech lambasted television producers for producing, among other things, "formula comedies about totally unbelievable" characters and creating a "vast wasteland" of bad television.
The final day of filming the pilot was Friday, November 22, 1963, the day of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The cast and crew learned of the assassination late that morning, Hawaii time. Between the filming of scenes, they crowded around a radio listening to news bulletins. A reminder of the tragedy appears in the opening sequence of the show's first season, when the theme song is played. As the Minnow is leaving the harbor and heading out to sea, an American flag flying at half staff can be seen in the background.
The United States Coast Guard occasionally received telegrams and letters from concerned citizens, who apparently did not realize it was a scripted show, pleading for them to rescue the people on the deserted island. The Coast Guard forwarded these to producer Sherwood Schwartz. In homage to those telegrams, the film Rescue from Gilligan's Island showed the successful rescue where Gilligan lights a fire aboard the castaways' makeshift raft and is chastised for a thoughtless, dangerous action by the others. However, the resultant smoke attracts the attention of a US Coast Guard helicopter, whose pilot commends Gilligan's fire; otherwise, the castaways would have been adrift and unnoticed.
Casting
Bob Denver was not the first choice to play Gilligan; actor Jerry Van Dyke was offered the role, but he turned it down, believing that the show would never be successful. He chose instead to play the lead in My Mother the Car, which premiered the following year and is frequently cited as one of the worst television shows of all time; it was canceled after one season. The producers looked to Bob Denver, the actor who had played Maynard G. Krebs, the beatnik in The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.
Natalie Schafer had it written into her contract that no close-ups would be made of her, but after a while in the series it was forgotten. Schafer was 63 when the pilot was shot, although reportedly no one on the set or in the cast knew her real age and she refused to divulge it. Originally, she accepted the role only because the pilot was filmed on location in Hawaii. She looked at the job as nothing more than a free vacation, as she was convinced that a show this silly would "never go".
Tina Louise clashed with producer Sherwood Schwartz because she initially believed that she was hired as the central character. The character of Ginger was originally written as a hard-nosed, sharp-tongued temptress, but Louise argued that this portrayal was too harsh and refused to play her as written. A compromise was reached; Louise agreed to play Ginger as a Marilyn Monroe/Jayne Mansfield type. Her temperament reportedly made her difficult to work with, but when it came time to shoot, she was always professional. Louise continued to disagree with producers over her role and was the only cast member who refused to appear in any of the three post-series TV movies. After many years of distancing herself from the show, she appeared in a reunion of the cast on two television talk shows in 1982 and 1988 and on an episode of Roseanne in 1995 when the Roseanne cast re-enacted Gilligan's Island. In the pilot episode, the character of Ginger was played by actress Kit Smythe.
John Gabriel was originally cast as the academic character, a high school teacher. After testing, the network didn't believe the character scored well with the audience. Auditions were held for the revised role of the Professor, which included Dabney Coleman, but the part was ultimately won by Russell Johnson. Prior to his acting career, Johnson had served as a bombardier in 44 combat missions over the Pacific during World War II. On March 4, 1945, the B-25 he was flying as the navigator was shot down, killing the copilot and breaking both of Johnson's ankles. At the time of his audition he was working in film and not very interested in a television show unless it was going to be his own. His film career had been going well, tallying several science fiction and western film credits, including a role opposite Ronald Reagan in the 1953 film Law and Order. In addition to film, Johnson had landed roles on multiple popular television series such as The Adventures of Superman, The Twilight Zone and The Outer Limits. With six other leads, his agent had to talk him into going to the audition, but after meeting Sherwood Schwartz, he started to warm up to the idea of playing the Professor. In discussing his role, he laughingly said he was unsure what was more difficult, remembering the Professor's technically oriented lines, or looking up what they meant.
Dawn Wells was a former Miss Nevada when she auditioned for the Mary Ann role. Her competition included Raquel Welch and Pat Priest. The pilot episode featured a different character ("Bunny") played by actress Nancy McCarthy. After it was shot, the network decided to recast the roles of the Professor and the two young women. Mary Ann became a simple farm girl from Winfield, Kansas.
Theme song
The music and lyrics for the theme song, "The Ballad of Gilligan's Isle", were written by Sherwood Schwartz and George Wyle. One version was used for the first season and another for the second and third seasons. In the original song, the Professor and Mary Ann, originally considered "second-billed co-stars", were referred to as "the rest", but with the growing popularity of those characters, their names were inserted into the lyrics in the second season. The Gilligan theme song underwent this one major change because star Bob Denver personally asked studio executives to add Johnson and Wells to the song. When the studio at first refused, saying it would be too expensive to reshoot, Denver insisted, even going so far as to state that if Johnson and Wells were not included, he wanted his name out of the song as well. The studio caved in and "the Professor and Mary Ann" were added. The theme song in the original pilot did not even mention the character Ginger, with the last two mentioned by name being "the Millionaire and Mrs. Millionaire" followed by "...and the other tourists".
The first-season version was recorded by the folk group The Wellingtons. The second-season version, which incorporated more of a sea shanty sound, was uncredited, but according to Russell Johnson in his book Here on Gilligan's Isle, it was performed by a group called the Eligibles.
The show's original pilot episode featured a calypso theme song by future film composer John Williams and different lyrics. The original length of the voyage was "a six-hour ride", not "a three-hour tour". John Williams (or Johnny Williams as he was often listed in the show credits) also started out as the composer of the incidental music for the show (from 1964 to 1965), but was replaced by Gerald Fried for the remaining seasons (1965–1967).
Later parodies and homages
The band Little Roger and the Goosebumps recorded "Stairway to Gilligan's Island", a parody of Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven", substituting the words to the Gilligan's Island theme song. In 1987, The Iceman parodied Madonna's "La Isla Bonita" as "La Isla Gilligan". "Weird Al" Yankovic recorded a song called "Isle Thing", a parody of Tone Lōc's "Wild Thing", about a rapper whose girlfriend introduces him to the show. Yankovic also mentions the show in his song "Stop Draggin' My Car Around" and he used one verse from the closing theme lyrics in "Amish Paradise" (1996), a parody of Coolio's "Gangsta's Paradise" (1995). The song has also been covered by many bands, including Bowling for Soup for the TBS show The Real Gilligan's Island. Israel Kamakawiwoole also recorded a comic tribute to the theme song on his album E Ala E. The chorus to rap group Big Tymers' Still Fly is based on the Gilligan's Island theme song.
Cancellation
During the 1966–1967 television season, Gilligan's Island aired on Mondays at 7:30 p.m. Eastern time. Although the sitcom's ratings had fallen well out of the top-30 programs, during the last few weeks of its third season, the series was still winning its timeslot against its main competition, The Monkees, which aired at the same time on NBC-TV. Therefore, CBS assured Sherwood Schwartz that Gilligan's Island would definitely be picked up for a fourth year.
CBS, however, had signaled its intention to cancel the long-running Western series Gunsmoke, which had been airing late on Saturday nights during the 1966–1967 television season. Under pressure from CBS network president William S. Paley and his wife Babe, along with many network affiliates and longtime fans of Gunsmoke, CBS rescheduled the Western to an earlier time slot on Mondays at 7:30 p.m. Eastern time. As a result, Gilligan's Island was quietly canceled at practically the last minute, while the cast members were all on vacation. Some of the cast had bought houses near the set, based on Sherwood Schwartz's verbal confirmation that the series would be renewed for a fourth season.
Nielsen ratings/television schedule
Film sequels
Three television film sequels were made—the first independently, the other two by MCA/Universal Television.
In the 1978 television film, Rescue from Gilligan's Island, the castaways successfully leave the island but have difficulty reintegrating into society. During a reunion cruise on the first Christmas after their rescue, fate intervenes and they find themselves wrecked on the same island at the end of the film. It starred the original cast, except for Tina Louise, who refused to participate because of her disputes with the producers and who was replaced by Judith Baldwin. The plot involved Soviet agents seeking a memory disc from a spy satellite that landed on the island and facilitated the protagonists' rescue.
In a 1979 sequel, The Castaways on Gilligan's Island, they are rescued once again and the Howells convert the island into a getaway resort with the other five castaways as "silent partners". Ginger was again played by Judith Baldwin.
In a second sequel, The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island (1981), villains played by Martin Landau and then-wife Barbara Bain try to take over the island to gain access to a vein of "supremium", a valuable but volatile fictional element. This time, Ginger was played by Constance Forslund. They are thwarted by the timely intervention of the Harlem Globetrotters. Jim Backus, who was in poor health at the time, was written out of the script by saying Thurston Howell III was tending to Howell Industries back on the mainland. David Ruprecht played the role of his son, Thurston Howell IV, who was asked to manage the resort. However, Backus insisted on keeping continuity and made a cameo appearance at the end of the film.
In 2008, Sherwood Schwartz stated he would like a modern-day movie adaptation of Gilligan's Island with Michael Cera as Gilligan and Beyonce Knowles as Ginger.
Spin-offs and timelines
The New Adventures of Gilligan is a Filmation-produced animated remake that aired on ABC on Saturday mornings from September 7, 1974, to September 4, 1977, for 24 episodes (16 installments airing in 1974–75 and eight new ones combined with repeats in 1975–76). The voices were provided by the original cast except for Ginger and Mary Ann (both were voiced by Jane Webb). Dawn Wells could not participate because she was in a touring production. An additional character was Gilligan's pet, Snubby the Monkey.
Gilligan's Planet is an animated science-fiction version produced by Filmation and starring the voices of the Gilligan's Island cast, save for Tina Louise (Dawn Wells voiced both Mary Ann and Ginger). In a follow-up to The New Adventures of Gilligan, the castaways escape from the island by building a spaceship and get shipwrecked on a distant planet. Only 12 episodes aired on CBS between September 18, 1982, and September 3, 1983. In the episode "Let Sleeping Minnows Lie", they travel to an island, get shipwrecked there and Gilligan observes, "First we were stranded on an island, then we were stranded on a planet and now we're stranded on an island on a planet."
Reunions and documentaries
Good Morning America featured a Gilligan's Island reunion presided over by guest host Kathie Lee Gifford on November 26, 1982. The entire cast was present, except for Jim Backus who was unable to attend but appeared via a live video remote from Los Angeles.
All seven of the original cast members (along with Sherwood Schwartz) reunited on television for one last time on a 1988 episode of The Late Show with Ross Shafer.
In the Baywatch episode "Now Sit Right Back and You'll Hear a Tale", first aired in February 1992, Bob Denver and Dawn Wells reprise their original roles in a sequence dreamed by the lifeguard Eddie Kramer. The Baywatch co-creator, Douglas Schwartz, is a nephew of Sherwood Schwartz. The episode was written by Lloyd J. Schwartz, a son of Sherwood.
The TV series ALF had a 2-part episode "Somewhere Over the Rerun"/"The Ballad of Gilligan's Island" in which ALF dreams he's on Gilligan's Island; guest stars Bob Denver, Alan Hale, Dawn Wells and Russell Johnson reprise their Gilligan's Island roles.
Gilligan's Island: Underneath the Grass Skirt is a 1999 documentary featuring Denver and Louise.
E! True Hollywood Story presented a backstage history of the show in 2000, featuring interviews with some of the stars or their widows.
Surviving Gilligan's Island (2001) is a docudrama in which Bob Denver, Dawn Wells and Russell Johnson reminisce about the show.
Related productions
Gilligan's Island: The Musical was first produced in the early 1990s, with a script by Lloyd Schwartz, Sherwood Schwartz's son and songs by Schwartz's daughter and son-in-law, Hope and Laurence Juber.
Gilligan's Wake is a 2003 parallel novel loosely based on the 1960s CBS sitcom, from the viewpoints of the seven major characters, written by Esquire film and television critic Tom Carson. The title is derived from the title of the TV show and Finnegans Wake, the seminal work of Irish novelist James Joyce.
On November 30, 2004, the TBS network launched a reality series titled The Real Gilligan's Island, which placed two groups of people on an island, leaving them to fend for themselves in the manner of Survivor – the catch being that each islander matched a character type established in the original series (a klutz, a sea captain, a movie star, a millionaire's wife, etc.). While heavily marketed by TBS, the show turned out to be a flop with a very Survivor-like feel, but little of its success. A second season began June 8, 2005, with two-hour episodes for four weeks. TBS announced in July 2005 that a third season of the show would not be produced.
Syndication
Syndication is handled by Warner Bros. Television (under Turner Entertainment Co., which in 1986 acquired United Artists Television's share of the series as part of the classic pre-1986 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer library). It aired on TBS from 1986 to 2003, where it also aired with colorization on season one for a while. TBS aired Gilligan's Island weekday mornings at 8:05 a.m. ET throughout the 1990s, often paired with Bewitched. TNT aired it at some point in the 1990s and also aired the colorized season one. Nick at Nite later aired the series from 2000 to 2001. It then shifted to TV Land, where it aired from 2001 to 2003, and again from January to June 2014. In 2004, it aired on Hallmark Channel.
In 2015, the show started to air nationally on MeTV.
Warner/Turner also handles the two Filmation-produced animated sequel series. The three TV movie sequels are handled by other companies.
In the UK Gilligan's Island had a very brief run on ITV in April 1965, but was dropped after 13 episodes.
It has briefly aired on MBC in the MENA region.
Home media
Warner Home Video released all three seasons of Gilligan's Island on DVD in Region 1 between 2004 and 2005. The Complete First Season features all 36 episodes unedited with the original theme song in their original black-and-white format. The special features include the rare pilot episode with commentary with creator Sherwood Schwartz and three other featurettes.
The Complete Second Season includes all 32 season-two episodes in color. Bonuses for this set include: a season-two introduction with Russell Johnson and Sherwood Schwartz and audio commentary on the season's third episode, "The Little Dictator".
The Complete Third Season includes all 30 season-three episodes. Special features include a season introduction with Russell Johnson and Sherwood Schwartz, commentary on the season's fourth episode, "The Producer", guest-starring Phil Silvers and a 15-minute documentary titled Gilligan's Island: A Pop Culture Phenomenon.
The Complete Series Collection contains all the same bonuses and featurettes for a complete series box set in 2007. In April 2012, the series was reissued in new DVD releases.
The series is also available at the iTunes Store.
In August 2006, an executive at Warner Bros. announced plans that Gilligan's Island, in addition to other classic TV series owned by the studio, would be digitally re-mastered in HD. The original TV series was shot on high-resolution film but scaled down for broadcast.
On January 20, 2014, TV Land became the first network to air theatrical-style widescreen HD remastered episodes of Gilligan's Island. This marked the first time the WB remastered episodes were seen by fans and the general public.
HD remastered episodes have been made available for purchase through streaming media sources.
In other media
Two board games based on the show, both called The Gilligan's Island Game featuring a monkey, Thurston Howell III, Gilligan and the Skipper on the box cover, were manufactured by Game Gems and released in 1965. The New Adventures of Gilligan, based on the short-lived cartoon of the same name and featuring all castaways, was manufactured by Milton Bradley and was released in 1974.
A set of trading cards was released by Topps in 1965.
A pinball machine, manufactured by Bally and based on the show, was released in May 1991.
A video game based on the series, called The Adventures of Gilligan's Island and manufactured by Bandai, was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in July 1990. The game features the likenesses of all the original castaways except for Ginger, who is completely absent from the game. A video slot machine, manufactured by International Game Technology and loosely based on the show, was released in 2004.
An officially-licensed Gilligan's Island-themed mini-golf course known as Gilligan's Island Funland Golf is in operation in Garden City, South Carolina. The facility boasts 2 18-hole courses, the "Minnow" course and the "Castaways" course. Both are listed as "challenging", but all holes are presumably rated at Par 3.
Ginger or Mary Ann?
The question of which of these two characters fans of the show prefer has endured long after the end of the series. The question has inspired commercials, essays, videos and a sermon. By most accounts, the wholesome Mary Ann has consistently outpolled the glamorous movie-star Ginger by a sizable margin. Bob Denver admitted he was a Mary Ann fan. According to Denver in a 2001 interview, Wells received 3,000–5,000 fan letters weekly, whereas Louise may have had 1,500 or 2,000.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Gilligan's Island – The Complete First Season (DVD), 2004, Turner Home Entertainment, UPC 053939673425.
Gilligan's Island – The Complete Second Season (DVD), 2005, Turner Home Entertainment, UPC 053939692624.
Gilligan's Island – The Complete Third Season (DVD), 2005, Turner Home Entertainment, UPC 053939733129.
External links
Sept 2014 interview with Dawn Wells
1960s American sitcoms
1964 American television series debuts
1967 American television series endings
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
Nautical television series
Television shows adapted into films
Television shows adapted into video games
Television series about being lost from home
Television series set on fictional islands
Television series created by Sherwood Schwartz
Television series by United Artists Television
Comedy franchises |
is a 2015 Japanese comedy drama film directed by Toshio Lee (ja). It was released on January 17, 2015.
Cast
Shinichi Tsutsumi
Machiko Ono
Naoto Inti Raymi
Nanao
Hiroshi Tamaki
Reception
The film has earned ¥45,070,100 at the Japanese box office.
References
External links
2015 comedy-drama films
2015 films
Japanese comedy-drama films
2010s Japanese films
2010s Japanese-language films |
The 2019 season was the Detroit Lions' 90th in the National Football League (NFL) and their second year under head coach Matt Patricia. The Lions had a promising start to the season with a 2–0–1 record. However, they lost 12 of their last 13 games and were mathematically eliminated from postseason contention following a Thanksgiving Day loss to the Chicago Bears in week 13. After franchise quarterback Matthew Stafford broke his backbone in a Week 9 loss to the Oakland Raiders, the Lions were forced to turn to former Cincinnati Bengals backup quarterback Jeff Driskel and later undrafted free agent David Blough, neither of whom was able to lead the Lions to a single win. The Lions failed to improve on their 6–10 record from last season, finishing the season with a 3–12–1 record and nine consecutive losses. This resulted in the 3rd pick of the 2020 NFL Draft. They also posted consecutive losing seasons for the first time since 2012–2013. Not only that, they also got swept by their division rivals for the first time since 2012.
Offseason
Coaching changes
On January 1, the Lions announced that Jim Bob Cooter would not return as offensive coordinator.
On January 16, the Lions hired Darrell Bevell as offensive coordinator.
On January 22, the Lions hired John Bonamego as special teams coordinator.
On February 26, the Lions hired Kyle Caskey as running backs coach.
On March 11, the Lions hired Stephen Thomas as defensive quality control coach, Rodney Hill as assistant strength and performance coach, Leon Washington as WCF minority coaching assistantship/offense and special teams coach, and Marquice Williams as assistant special teams coach.
Additions
Departures
Re-signings
Trades
On June 13, the Lions originally traded tight end Michael Roberts to the New England Patriots in exchange for a conditional seventh-round pick in the 2020 NFL Draft. The trade was rescinded the next day, and Roberts was subsequently released by the Lions.
On October 22, the Lions traded safety Quandre Diggs and a seventh-round pick in the 2021 NFL Draft to the Seattle Seahawks for a fifth-round pick in the 2020 NFL Draft.
NFL Draft
Draft trades
The Lions acquired a fourth-round selection (No. 114) from the New England Patriots in the 2018 draft in exchange for a third-round selection in the 2019 draft.
The Lions received a third round selection from the Philadelphia Eagles in exchange for wide receiver Golden Tate.
The Lions acquired a third-round selection (No. 81) from the Minnesota Vikings in exchange for their original third-round selection (No. 88) and a sixth-round selection (No. 204).
The Lions acquired a fourth-round selection (No. 117) and a sixth-round selection (No. 186) from the Atlanta Falcons in exchange for their original fourth-round selection (No. 111).
The Miami Dolphins traded a conditional seventh-round selection to Detroit in exchange for defensive tackle Akeem Spence.
Detroit traded a fifth-round selection to the New York Giants in exchange for defensive tackle Damon Harrison. The condition was that the Giants would receive the higher of Detroit or San Francisco's 5th round selections.
The San Francisco 49ers traded their fifth-round selection to Detroit in exchange for guard Laken Tomlinson.
Staff
Final roster
Preseason
Regular season
Schedule
Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text.
Game summaries
Week 1: at Arizona Cardinals
The Lions began the regular season on the road against the Arizona Cardinals. After a scoreless first quarter, the Lions took a big lead by scoring 17 points in the second quarter via a 55-yard field goal by Matt Prater, a 47-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Danny Amendola and a nine-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Kenny Golladay. Arizona responded with a 20-yard field goal by Zane Gonzalez to make the score 17–3 in favor of Detroit at half-time. Arizona scored the only points of the third quarter via a 42-yard field goal by Gonzalez. Detroit extended their lead in the fourth quarter via a 23-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to T. J. Hockenson. The Cardinals responded with 18 points in the fourth quarter, via a 34-yard field goal by Gonzalez, a 27-yard touchdown pass from Kyler Murray to David Johnson, and a four-yard touchdown pass from Murray to Larry Fitzgerald, followed by a two-point conversion pass from Murray to Christian Kirk to tie the game and force overtime. In overtime, the Cardinals scored via a 28-yard field goal by Gonzalez, and the Lions scored via a 33-yard field goal by Prater to re-tie the score before time expired. This was the first tie by the Lions since 1984 against Philadelphia.
Week 2: vs. Los Angeles Chargers
In week 2, the Lions began their home schedule against the Los Angeles Chargers. The Chargers took an early lead in the first quarter via a one-yard touchdown run from Austin Ekeler. The Lions responded with a 36-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Kerryon Johnson, and after a failed extra point conversion, the Lions trailed by a point. The Chargers extended their lead in the second quarter via a 39-yard field goal by Ty Long, making the score 10–6 in favor of Los Angeles at half-time. After a scoreless third quarter, Detroit scored the only points of the second half via a 31-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Kenny Golladay to take a 13–10 lead. The Chargers' attempted comeback failed when a Philip Rivers pass was intercepted by Darius Slay in the end zone with 1:03 to play in the game, giving the Lions their first win of the season.
Week 3: at Philadelphia Eagles
In week 3, the Lions visited the Philadelphia Eagles. The Eagles opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 25-yard field goal by Jake Elliott. The Lions then took the lead when Jamal Agnew returned a kickoff 100 yards for a touchdown, but Philadelphia responded with a one-yard touchdown run from Jordan Howard to take it back. The Lions added 13 points in the second quarter via a one-yard touchdown run from Kerryon Johnson and a pair of field goals by Matt Prater, from 25 and 33 yards, respectively, making the score 20–10 in favor of Detroit at half-time. The Eagles scored the only points of the third quarter via a 20-yard touchdown pass from Carson Wentz to Nelson Agholor. The Lions extended their lead in the fourth quarter via a 12-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Marvin Jones. The Eagles responded with a two-yard touchdown pass from Wentz to Agholor, making the final score 27–24 in favor of Detroit.
Week 4: vs. Kansas City Chiefs
In week 4, the Lions hosted the Kansas City Chiefs. The Lions opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 25-yard field goal by Matt Prater, before extending their lead through a five-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to T. J. Hockenson. The Chiefs scored 13 points in the second quarter via a pair of field goals by Harrison Butker from 23 yards and 44 yards, respectively, and a one-yard touchdown run from LeSean McCoy. The Lions scored via a 48-yard field goal by Prater, tying the score at 13–13 at halftime. The Chiefs took their first lead of the game in the third quarter via a 100-yard fumble recovery by Bashaud Breeland. The Lions responded with 10 points via a 53-yard field goal by Prater and a nine-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Kenny Golladay to regain the lead. The teams exchanged touchdowns in the fourth quarter via a one-yard touchdown run from Darrel Williams for the Chiefs and a six-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Golladay for the Lions. The Chiefs scored the game's final points via a one-yard touchdown run from Williams, making the final score 34–30 in favor of Kansas City, and giving the Lions their first loss of the season, going into their bye week with a 2–1–1 record. The Lions also failed to start the season with 3 wins for the first time since 2011.
Week 6: at Green Bay Packers
After their bye week, for week 6, the Lions visited their divisional rival, the Green Bay Packers, on Monday Night Football. The Lions scored 10 points in the first quarter via a 26-yard field goal by Matt Prater and a one-yard touchdown run from Kerryon Johnson, and extended their lead in the second quarter via a 22-yard field goal by Prater. The Packers responded with 10 points via a five-yard touchdown pass from Aaron Rodgers to Jamaal Williams and a 37-yard field goal by Mason Crosby, making the score 13–10 in favor of Detroit at half-time. The Packers opened the scoring in the third quarter via a 48-yard field goal by Crosby to tie the game. The Lions responded with two field goals by Prater, from 41 and 51 yards to regain the lead. The Lions extended their lead in the fourth quarter via a 54-yard field goal by Prater. The Packers responded with 10 points via a 35-yard touchdown pass from Rodgers to Allen Lazard, and a 23-yard field goal by Crosby as time expired, making the final score 23–22 in favor of Green Bay.
Week 7: vs. Minnesota Vikings
In week 7, the Lions hosted another divisional rival, the Minnesota Vikings. The Lions scored 14 points in the first quarter via two touchdown passes from Matthew Stafford to Marvin Jones from 16-yards, and three-yards, respectively. The Vikings responded with a 25-yard touchdown pass from Kirk Cousins to Adam Thielen. The Vikings scored 14 points in the second quarter via a one-yard touchdown pass from Cousins to Bisi Johnson and an eight-yard touchdown run from Dalvin Cook to take their first lead of the game. The Lions responded with a 10-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Jones, tying the score at 21–21 at halftime. Minnesota regained the lead in the third quarter via a five-yard touchdown pass from Cousins to C. J. Ham. The Lions responded with a 46-yard field goal by Matt Prater. The Vikings scored 14 points in the fourth quarter via a 15-yard touchdown pass from Cousins to Kyle Rudolph and a four-yard touchdown run from Cook. The Lions responded with a two-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Jones, making the final score 42–30 in favor of Minnesota, for Detroit's third consecutive loss. Jones became the first Lions player with four touchdown receptions in a game since Cloyce Box did so against the Baltimore Colts in 1950. Stafford became the fastest quarterback to throw for 40,000 yards, reaching the milestone in 147 games.
Week 8: vs. New York Giants
In week 8, the Lions hosted the New York Giants. The Lions scored 14 points in the first quarter via a 13-yard fumble return by Devon Kennard and a 49-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Marvin Hall. The Giants added 13 points in the second quarter via two touchdown passes from Daniel Jones to Darius Slayton, from 22-yards, and 28-yards, respectively. The Lions responded with a 52-yard field goal by Matt Prater, making the score 17–13 in favor of Detroit at half-time. The teams exchanged touchdowns in the third quarter via a nine-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Kenny Golladay for Detroit and a two-yard touchdown pass from Jones to Evan Engram for New York. The teams exchanged touchdowns in the fourth quarter via a 41-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Golladay for Detroit and a four-yard touchdown pass from Jones to Saquon Barkley for New York, making the final score 31–26 in favor of Detroit, snapping their three-game losing streak.
Week 9: at Oakland Raiders
In week 9, the Lions visited the Oakland Raiders. The teams exchanged touchdowns in the first quarter via a two-yard touchdown run from Josh Jacobs for the Raiders and a two-yard touchdown pass from Matthew Stafford to Marvin Jones for the Lions. The Raiders regained the lead in the second quarter via a 32-yard field goal by Daniel Carlson. The Lions responded with a 59-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to Kenny Golladay to take their first lead of the game. The Raiders responded with a three-yard touchdown run from Jacobs, making the score 17–14 in favor of Oakland at half-time. The Lions scored the only points of the third quarter via a 23-yard field goal by Matt Prater to tie the game. The teams exchanged touchdowns in the fourth quarter via a three-yard touchdown pass from Derek Carr to Foster Moreau for the Raiders and a 26-yard touchdown pass from Stafford to J. D. McKissic for the Lions. The Raiders scored the final points of the game via a nine-yard touchdown pass from Carr to Hunter Renfrow, making the final score 31–24 in favor of Oakland. The Lions' attempt to tie the game fell short when they moved the ball to the Oakland 1-yard line with eight seconds on the clock, but were unable to score on the final play of the game.
Week 10: at Chicago Bears
In week 10, the Lions visited their divisional rival, the Chicago Bears. The Lions opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 23-yard field goal by Matt Prater and extended their lead in the second quarter via a 54-yard field goal by Prater. The Bears responded with an 18-yard touchdown pass from Mitchell Trubisky to Ben Braunecker, making the score 7–6 in favor of Chicago at half-time. The Bears added 13 points in the third quarter via a 9-yard touchdown pass from Trubisky to Tarik Cohen and a 24-yard touchdown pass from Trubisky to Taylor Gabriel. The Lions scored the only points of the fourth quarter via a 47-yard touchdown pass from Jeff Driskel to Kenny Golladay, making the final score 20–13 in favor of Chicago. Due to a back injury the previous week, this was the first regular season game Matthew Stafford missed since the 2010 season, ending his streak of 136 consecutive games played.
Week 11: vs. Dallas Cowboys
In week 11, the Lions hosted the Dallas Cowboys wearing white jerseys at a home game for the first time since 1970. The Lions opened the scoring in the first quarter via a five-yard touchdown run from Bo Scarbrough. The Cowboys responded with a 30-yard field goal by Brett Maher. The teams exchanged touchdowns in the second quarter via a 21-yard touchdown pass from Dak Prescott to Tony Pollard for the Cowboys to take their first lead of the game. The Lions responded with a two-yard touchdown run from Jeff Driskel to regain the lead. The Cowboys added 10 points via a one-yard touchdown run from Ezekiel Elliott, and a 19-yard touchdown pass from Prescott to Randall Cobb, making the score 24–14 in favor of Dallas at half-time. In the third quarter the Lions scored via an 11-yard touchdown pass from Driskel to Marvin Jones. The Cowboys responded with a 34-yard field goal by Maher. The teams exchanged touchdowns in the fourth quarter via a 17-yard touchdown pass from Prescott to Elliott, followed by a two-point conversion run from Pollard. The Lions scored the final points of the game via a 25-yard touchdown pass from Driskel to Jones, followed by a failed two-point conversion pass, making the final score 35–27 in favor of Dallas.
Week 12: at Washington Redskins
In week 12, the Lions visited the Washington Redskins. The Redskins opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 28-yard field goal by Dustin Hopkins. In the second quarter, the Lions responded with a 24-yard field goal by Matt Prater to tie the game. Washington responded with 10 points via a 91-yard kickoff return by Steven Sims and a 37-yard field goal by Hopkins to regain the lead. The Lions added a 49-yard field goal by Prater at the end of the first half, making the score 13–6 in favor of Washington at half-time. The Lions scored the only points of the third quarter via a 12-yard touchdown pass from Jeff Driskel to Logan Thomas to tie the game. In the fourth quarter the Lions scored via a 21-yard field goal by Prater, to take their first and only lead of the game. The Redskins responded with two field goals by Hopkins, from 42-yards, and 39-yards, respectively, making the final score 19–16 in favor of Washington, for Detroit's fourth consecutive loss.
Week 13: vs. Chicago Bears
In week 13, the Lions hosted a rematch with their divisional rival, the Chicago Bears, in their annual Thanksgiving Day game. The Bears opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 10-yard touchdown pass from Mitchell Trubisky to Allen Robinson. The Lions responded with 14 points when third-string quarterback David Blough, in his NFL debut, threw two touchdown passes, one from 75-yards out to Kenny Golladay and one from eight-yards out to Marvin Jones. Both teams kicked field goals in the second quarter, first Detroit's Matt Prater from 25-yards, then Chicago's Eddy Pineiro from 30-yards, making the score 17–10 in favor of Detroit at half-time. The Bears scored the only points of the third quarter via an 18-yard touchdown pass from Trubisky to Jesper Horsted to tie the game at 17 points each. In the fourth quarter, the Lions responded with a 24-yard field goal by Prater to regain the lead. The Bears took their first lead of the game via a three-yard touchdown pass from Trubisky to David Montgomery. Detroit's attempted comeback failed when Robinson intercepted a pass from Blough in the final seconds, making the final score 24–20 in favor of Chicago, for Detroit's fifth consecutive loss. Also with the loss, the Lions would be eliminated from playoff contention.
Week 14: at Minnesota Vikings
In week 14, the Lions visited their divisional rival the Minnesota Vikings, for a rematch of week 7. The Vikings opened the scoring in the first quarter via a nine-yard touchdown pass from Kirk Cousins to Bisi Johnson. The Vikings added 10 points in the second quarter via a 27-yard field goal by Dan Bailey and a three-yard touchdown run from Dalvin Cook, making the score 17–0 in favor of Minnesota at half-time. After a scoreless third quarter, the Vikings extended their lead in the fourth quarter via a 50-yard field goal by Bailey. The Lions finally got on the board late in the fourth quarter via a 10-yard touchdown pass from David Blough to Kenny Golladay, making the final score 20–7 in favor of Minnesota, for Detroit's sixth consecutive loss.
Week 15: vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
In week 15, the Lions hosted the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Buccaneers scored 14 points in the first quarter via a 34-yard touchdown pass from Jameis Winston to Breshad Perriman and a 33-yard touchdown pass from Winston to Scott Miller. The Buccaneers extended their lead in the second quarter via a 25-yard touchdown pass from Winston to Perriman. The Lions finally got on the board via a 44-yard field goal by Matt Prater, making the score 21–3 in favor of Tampa Bay at half-time. In the third quarter the Buccaneers added a 46-yard field goal by Matt Gay. The Lions responded with a one-yard touchdown run from Wes Hills. In the fourth quarter the Lions added a one-yard touchdown run from Hills, reducing the Buccaneers lead to seven points. The Lions attempted comeback failed when David Blough's pass was intercepted by Sean Murphy-Bunting and returned 70-yards for a touchdown. The Buccaneers extended their lead via a 25-yard touchdown pass from Winston to Perriman, making the final score 38–17 in favor of Tampa Bay, for Detroit's seventh consecutive loss.
Week 16: at Denver Broncos
In week 16, the Lions visited the Denver Broncos. The Lions opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 26-yard field goal by Matt Prater. In the second quarter the Lions extended their lead via a 64-yard punt return by Jamal Agnew. The Broncos responded with 10 points via a one-yard touchdown run from Royce Freeman and a 34-yard field goal by Brandon McManus, tying the score at 10–10 at halftime. In the third quarter the Broncos took their first lead of the game via a 26-yard field goal by McManus. The Lions responded with a three-yard touchdown pass from David Blough to Kenny Golladay to regain the lead. The Broncos scored 14 points in the fourth quarter via a three-yard touchdown pass from Drew Lock to DaeSean Hamilton and a 27-yard touchdown run from Phillip Lindsay, making the final score 27–17 in favor of Denver, for Detroit's eighth consecutive loss.
Week 17: vs. Green Bay Packers
To end the season, the Lions hosted a rematch with their divisional rival, the Green Bay Packers. The Lions opened the scoring in the first quarter via a 19-yard pass from Danny Amendola to David Blough. The Lions extended their lead in the second quarter via a one-yard touchdown run from Kerryon Johnson. The Packers finally got on the board late in the first half via a 32-yard field goal by Mason Crosby. The Lions responded with a 42-yard field goal by Matt Prater as time expired, making the score 17–3 in favor of Detroit at half-time. The Packers scored the only points of the third quarter via a 20-yard touchdown pass from Aaron Rodgers to Davante Adams. The teams exchanged field goals in the fourth quarter via a 40-yard field goal by Crosby for the Packers, and a 56-yard field goal by Prater for the Lions. The Packers responded with 10 points via a 28-yard touchdown pass from Rodgers to Allen Lazard to tie the game, and a 33-yard field goal by Crosby as time expired, making the final score 23–20 in favor of Green Bay, for Detroit's ninth consecutive loss.
Standings
Division
Conference
References
External links
Detroit
Detroit Lions seasons
Detroit Lions |
El Mezerra is a town and commune in Tébessa Province in north-eastern Algeria.
References
Communes of Tébessa Province |
Louise Boitard (20 May 1907 – 4 April 2001), also known as Jeanine Boitard and Jeanine Gille, was a member of the French Resistance during the Second World War. Later a local politician, she was one of France's most decorated women.
Career in the Resistance
Boitard, the daughter of a wine merchant, joined the Resistance in 1941, becoming known by the code name "Jeanine". She helped many people to escape from occupied France. In October 1943, she hid two small Jewish children at a farm near Lisieux. In 1944, during the invasion of Normandy, she rescued a Canadian airman, Jack Verbout, and hid him in her home. A character based on Jeanine appeared in the film The Longest Day, played by Irina Demick. When the film was released in 1962, she travelled to Chicago to meet Verbout again.
Post-war activity
Immediately after the war, she married Léonard Gille, a lawyer and Resistance worker whose secretary she had been since 1940. She was a board member of the weekly publication Liberté de Normandie. In 1945 she went to Sweden to work with childcare experts, subsequently setting up several crèches to support families separated by the war.
On 18 April 1971, Jeanine Gille became the first woman to sit on the conseil général of Calvados, in succession to her husband, who had died two months earlier. She was re-elected in 1973, but defeated by eight votes in 1979.
She was buried beside her husband in the cemetery at Poirier, in the commune of Frénouville, east of Caen. In 2015, the "square Jeanine Boitard" was named after her, in the Saint-Paul district of Caen.
Références
1907 births
2001 deaths
20th-century French politicians
French Resistance members
20th-century French women politicians |
Cochrane District is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1921 from parts of Timiskaming and Thunder Bay districts.
In 2016, the population was 79,682. The land area of this district is , making it slightly smaller than the US state of Michigan and the second largest district in Ontario after Kenora District. The district seat is Cochrane.
Bennet Lake Esker Kame Complex Conservation Reserve is located in Cochrane District.
Subdivisions
City
Towns
Townships
Cree Nation reserves
Abitibi Indian Reserve No. 70 (Wahgoshig First Nation)
Constance Lake 92 (Constance Lake First Nation)
Factory Island 1 (Moose Cree First Nation)
Flying Post 73 (Flying Post First Nation)
Fort Albany 67 (Fort Albany First Nation)
Moose Factory 68 (Moose Cree First Nation)
New Post 69 (Taykwa Tagamou Nation)
New Post 69A (Taykwa Tagamou Nation)
Unorganized areas
North Part (includes the local services boards of Hallébourg, Jogues, Lac-Sainte-Thérèse, and Moose Factory)
South East Part
South West Part
Geographic Townships
This list is incomplete.
Ben Nevis
Gardiner
Demographics
As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Cochrane District had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of −2.2% from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
See also
List of townships in Ontario
List of secondary schools in Ontario#Cochrane District
References
External links |
Peter John Seabrook MBE (2 November 1935 – 14 January 2022) was a British gardening writer and television broadcaster, presenting programmes including the BBC's Gardeners' World. He wrote a gardening column in The Sun newspaper for over 40 years. He was appointed an MBE in 2005.
Early life
Seabrook was born in Chelmsford, Essex, on 2 November 1935, as the son of a farmer. He grew up in Galleywood, near Chelmsford. With the help of international contacts, he started work in the horticultural industry aged 10, taking up full-time employment by 16. He paid for a nursery tour of the Netherlands with money raised selling sweet peas from his back garden to a local florist. He attended King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford.
Training and career
After working for two years on seed trial grounds, Seabrook studied horticulture at Writtle College in Essex, earning a diploma in 1956. During his national service, the British Army paid for his florist training. He became a director of seed and garden company Cramphorn, then a technical representative of Bord na Mona (Irish Peat Board) and finally a consultant and director of two garden centres.
Seabrook's broadcasting career began in 1965 on radio, with the BBC Home Service's In Your Garden and Gardeners' Question Time. On BBC television, beginning in 1975, he presented programmes including Gardeners' World, Pebble Mill at One and the Chelsea Flower Show. From 1977 until his death he was the gardening editor of The Sun. In America he hosted segments of The Victory Garden on PBS for over 20 years.
Personal life and death
For 60 years Seabrook was married to Margaret, with whom he had two children. In 2020, she died of COVID-19 after living with dementia for nine years. He created in her honour the flower Margaret's Memory, a pale pink verbena, and donated the proceeds to Alzheimer's Research UK. He died of a heart attack at his home in Chelmsford on 14 January 2022, at the age of 86. He was gardening, campaigning and writing columns until the end; he had visited RHS Hyde Hall and W. D. Smith's Nurseries the day before he died.
Honours
Seabrook was appointed an MBE in 2005. and he was the only person in the UK to hold the top three RHS awards for services to horticulture: the Victoria Medal of Honour (2003), the RHS Associate of Honour (1996) and the Harlow Carr Medal.
References
1935 births
2022 deaths
English gardeners
English television presenters
British garden writers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford
People from Romford
Victoria Medal of Honour recipients
Writers from Essex
Military personnel from Chelmsford
20th-century British Army personnel
British Army soldiers |
The Armstrong Siddeley, later Bristol Siddeley Gamma was a family of rocket engines used in British rocketry, including the Black Knight and Black Arrow launch vehicles. They burned kerosene fuel and hydrogen peroxide. Their construction was based on a common combustion chamber design, used either singly or in clusters of up to eight.
They were developed by Armstrong Siddeley in Coventry, which later became Bristol Siddeley in 1959, and finally Rolls-Royce in 1966.
Engine static testing was carried out at High Down Rocket Test Site, near The Needles on the Isle of Wight (). (Spadeadam in Cumbria wasn't used for testing until Blue Streak, after Gamma).
Advantages of kerosene / peroxide engines
Use of kerosene / hydrogen peroxide engines has been a particularly British trait in rocket development, there being few comparable engines (such as the LR-40) from the US.
The combustion of kerosene with hydrogen peroxide is given by the formula
CH2 + 3H2O2 → CO2 + 4H2O
where CH2 is the approximate formula of kerosene (see RP-1 for a discussion of kerosene rocket fuels). This compares with the combustion of kerosene and liquid oxygen (LOX)
CH2 + 1.5O2 → CO2 + H2O
showing that the exhaust from kerosene / peroxide is predominantly water. This results in a very clean exhaust (second only to cryogenic LO2/LH2) and a distinctive clear flame. The low molecular mass of water also helps to increase rocket thrust performance.
The oxidiser used with Gamma was 85% high-test peroxide (HTP), H2O2. Gamma used a silver-plated on nickel-gauze catalyst to first decompose the peroxide. For higher concentrations of H2O2 another catalyst would have been required, such as platinum. No ignition source was required since the very hot decomposed H2O2 is hypergolic (will spontaneously combust) with kerosene. Due to the high ratio (8:1) of the mass of H2O2 used compared to the kerosene, and also its superior heat characteristics, the H2O2 may also be used to regeneratively cool the engine nozzle before combustion. Any pre-combustion chamber used to power the pump turbines needs only to decompose H2O2 to provide the energy. This gives the efficiency advantages of closed cycle operation, without its usual major engineering problems.
All of these characteristics lead to kerosene / hydrogen peroxide engines being simpler and more reliable to construct than other liquid propellant chemistries. Gamma had a remarkably reliable service record for a rocket engine. Of the 22 Black Knight and 4 Black Arrow launchers, involving 128 Gamma engines, there were no engine failures.
Stentor
The Gamma began as the smaller cruise chamber of the two-chamber Stentor rocket engine produced by Armstrong Siddeley for the Blue Steel stand-off missile.
Gamma 201
Bristol-Siddeley developed this stand-alone four-chamber engine from 1955 to 1957 for the Black Knight test vehicles. Gamma 201 was used for the first twelve Black Knight launches (14 in total), Gamma 301 for most of the later flights.
The initial Black Knight vehicles were single-stage rockets designed to test prototype re-entry heads for the proposed Blue Streak strategic ballistic missile. Testing of the Black Knight began at Woomera, Australia in 1958, but the Blue Streak project was cancelled in 1960. The rockets continued to be tested until 1965, as part of a planned two-stage space launcher, using the Gamma 201 for the first stage until August 1962, when it was replaced by the more powerful Gamma 301.
Gamma 301
This was basically the same as the Gamma 201, but had automatic mixture-ratio control for improved thrust. There were nine initial test firings of the Gamma 301 engine at High Down from 16 April to 31 May 1957, all of which were largely successful. Black Knight launches BK16 and BK18 used the Gamma 301. These two were the beginning of the Project Dazzle high-speed re-entry vehicle trials, where a solid fuel Cuckoo was mounted pointing downwards in the second stage, so as to increase re-entry speeds. Eight Gamma 301 launches were made in total.
Gamma 2 / Double Gamma
A two chamber version of Gamma, used for the second stage of the Black Arrow satellite launch vehicle. As the only Gamma not required to operate at sea level, the nozzles were extended to allow better expansion.
Gamma 8
This was an 8 chamber development of Gamma, used for the first stage of the Black Arrow satellite launch vehicle. Gamma thrust chambers were mounted in pairs radially, each pair on a one-axis tangential gimbal. Collective movement gave roll control, differential movement pitch.
Gallery
References
Rocket engines using hot cycle hydrogen peroxide propellant
Gamma
Gamma
Rocket engines using the staged combustion cycle
gl:Gamma 8 |
Thomas Frye Lewis Evans (1845–1920) was a Canadian Anglican priest.
Evans was born in Simcoe, Ontario; and educated at Upper Canada College and Trinity College, Toronto. He was ordained deacon in 1869; and priest in 1870. He was a missionary at Norwich, Ontario from 1869 to 1871; then Curate at Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal from 1871 to 1874. He was Rector of St Stephen, Lachine from 1874 until 1902; and Archdeacon of Montreal from 1886 to 1902. He was Dean of Montreal from 1902.
References
1845 births
Upper Canada College alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian Anglican priests
Deans of Montreal
Archdeacons of Montreal
People from Norfolk County, Ontario
1920 deaths |
Qandhar (, also Romanized as Qandhār) is a village in Leylan-e Jonubi Rural District, Leylan District, Malekan County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,176, in 237 families.
References
Populated places in Malekan County |
The UEFA European Under-18 Championship 1979 Final Tournament was held in Austria.
Qualification
Group 2
Group 12
Other groups
|}
Teams
The following teams qualified for the tournament:
(host)
Squads
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Semifinals
Third place match
Final
External links
Results by RSSSF
UEFA European Under-19 Championship
1979
Under-18
UEFA European Under-18 Championship
1970s in Vienna
Sports competitions in Vienna
UEFA European Under-18 Championship
UEFA European Under-18 Championship
1979 in youth association football |
```java
/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at path_to_url For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program. If not, see <path_to_url
*/
package com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.filters;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfName;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Encapsulates filter behavior for PDF streams. Classes generally interace with this
* using the static getDefaultFilterHandlers() method, then obtain the desired {@link IFilterHandler}
* via a lookup.
*/
// Dev note: we eventually want to refactor PdfReader so all of the existing filter functionality is moved into this class
// it may also be better to split the sub-classes out into a separate package
public final class FilterHandlers {
/**
* The default {@link IFilterHandler}s used by iText
*/
private static final Map<PdfName, IFilterHandler> defaults;
static {
Map<PdfName, IFilterHandler> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(PdfName.FlateDecode, new FlateDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.Fl, new FlateDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.ASCIIHexDecode, new ASCIIHexDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.AHx, new ASCIIHexDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.ASCII85Decode, new ASCII85DecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.A85, new ASCII85DecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.LZWDecode, new LZWDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.CCITTFaxDecode, new CCITTFaxDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.Crypt, new DoNothingFilter());
map.put(PdfName.RunLengthDecode, new RunLengthDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.DCTDecode, new DctDecodeFilter());
map.put(PdfName.JPXDecode, new JpxDecodeFilter());
defaults = Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
}
/**
* @return the default {@link IFilterHandler}s used by iText
*/
public static Map<PdfName, IFilterHandler> getDefaultFilterHandlers() {
return defaults;
}
}
``` |
My Secret Hotel () is a 2014 South Korean mystery-romantic comedy television series starring Yoo In-na, Jin Yi-han, Namkoong Min and Lee Young-eun. It aired on tvN from August 18 to October 14, 2014 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 23:00 (KST) time slot for 16 episodes.
Synopsis
Nam Sang-hyo (Yoo In-na) is the head of the wedding planning division of The Secret Hotel, one of Korea's most elite and luxurious hotels and considered among the top wedding destinations in the country. Optimistic, cheerful and a perfectionist, she works hard and dreams of becoming the hotel's general manager someday. Sang-hyo faces the biggest challenge of her job when her next client turns out to be architect Gu Hae-young (Jin Yi-han), her ex-husband. Seven years ago, Sang-hyo and Hae-young fell madly in love and got hitched in Las Vegas, but because of Hae-young's easy-come-easy-go attitude towards relationships, they fought and broke up. Since the marriage lasted only 100 days, they never filed the paperwork to legally register it, so their short-lived marriage remains a secret.
Meanwhile, Sang-hyo has caught the eye of her boss Jo Sung-gyeom (Namkoong Min), a strict but thoughtful hotel managing director who has all the female employees swooning. But there's also ambitious public relations manager Yeo Eun-joo (Lee Young-eun), who competes with Sang-hyo for both a promotion and Sung-gyeom's heart.
To make matters even more complicated, a murder turns the hotel topsy-turvy. Sung-gyeom may be connected to the case, while Eun-joo attempts to use the circumstances surrounding the murder to get a leg up on the corporate ladder. As Sang-hyo and Hae-young juggle their sudden reunion under awkward circumstances, the exes also get sucked into the murder investigation.
Cast
Main
Yoo In-na as Nam Sang-hyo
Jin Yi-han as Gu Hae-young
Namkoong Min as Jo Sung-gyeom
Lee Young-eun as Yeo Eun-joo
Supporting
Ha Yeon-joo as Jung Soo-ah, Gu Hae-young's fiancée.
Choi Jung-won as Yoo Shi-chan, Gu Hae-young's best friend.
Hwang So-hee as Joo Jung-eun, Gu Hae-young's stalker.
Kim Jae-seung as Kim Ki-ho, Jung Soo-ah's chauffeur.
Choi Jung-woo as Lee Moo-yang, general manager of The Secret Hotel.
Uhm Soo-jung as Yang Kyung-hee, employee of wedding planning division of The Secret Hotel.
Kim Bo-mi as Heo Young-mi, employee of wedding planning division of The Secret Hotel.
Choi Tae-hwan as Jang Ki-chul, employee of wedding planning division of The Secret Hotel.
Go Yoon-hoo as Cha Dong-min, head of security team of The Secret Hotel.
Ahn Gil-kang as Kim Geum-bo, police detective.
Lee Kwang-hoon as Simon, Jo Sung-gyeom's secretary.
Kim Byung-choon as Hwang Dong-bae, employee of wedding planning division of The Secret Hotel, murder victim.
Ahn Bo-hyun as Sang-hoon.
Special appearances
Hong Seok-cheon as Chef Andre Hong
Hong Jin-young as herself looking for her husband Goong Min who looks like Jo Sung-gyeom (Hong Jin-young and Namkoong Min were pair in reality variety show We Got Married (season 4) aired at same time as this TV series) – ep. 7-8.
Ratings
In this table, represent the lowest ratings and represent the highest ratings.
References
External links
My Secret Hotel official tvN website
TVN (South Korean TV channel) television dramas
2014 South Korean television series debuts
2014 South Korean television series endings
Works set in hotels
South Korean romantic comedy television series
South Korean mystery television series |
Złotniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koźminek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Koźminek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Villages in Kalisz County |
Bukowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Leśna Podlaska, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Biała Podlaska and north of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Villages in Biała Podlaska County |
Sigh is a 2000 Chinese drama film directed by Feng Xiaogang, written by Wang Shuo, starring Zhang Guoli, Liu Bei, Xu Fan and Fu Biao. Like most of Feng's films, the film is set mostly in Beijing.
Plot
Liang Yazhou (Zhang) is a successful, middle-aged TV screenwriter from Beijing. While in Hainan working on a new script, Liu Dawei (Fu) assigns young and beautiful Li Xiaodan (Liu) to him as an assistant. Yazhou and Xiaodan are mutually attracted to each other, but Yazhou is already married to Song Xiaoying (Xu), with whom he has a daughter. To break off the connection, he changes his plans and returns to Beijing. However, as soon as Yazhou and Xiaoying return to Beijing, they begin having an affair.
When Xiaoying finds out about Yazhou's affair, she is furious and initially demands a divorce. Relations between Yazhou and Xiaoying become extremely strained. They separate, and Xiaoying eventually accepts Yazhou's affair for the sake of their young daughter Yueyue. Despite Xiaoying's tolerance, Yazhou remains caught between the two women, on one hand being spoiled by Xiaodan and, on the other, being an attentive father in front of Xiaoying and Yueyue. Even with Xiaodan demanding marriage, Yazhou finds himself unable to divorce his wife, due to the harmful impact their separation has already had on Yueyue.
Xiaoying immerses herself in renovating the home she and Yazhou purchased before their fall out. When she injures her back after falling off a ladder, Yazhou is forced to leave Xiaodan to care for Xiaoying. He finally comes to appreciate how much his wife did for him - cooking, cleaning, taking care of their daughter, attending to his needs - so that he could write without distraction. During this time, Yazhou and Xiaodan rarely see each other, and Yazhou and Xiaoying appear to have fully repaired their relationship.
On Yazhou's 42nd birthday, Xiaodan goes to his home with a gift, only to be spotted by Xiaoying. Xiaoying insists that she come inside, saying that they should temporarily put aside their hostility, and celebrate Yazhou's birthday. She reminisces about her relationship with her husband, telling Xiaodan about how they met and fell in love. After this visit, Yazhou and Xiaodan end their affair.
The film ends with Yazhou and his family happily playing on a beach in Hainan. He receives a mysterious phone call. The last shot is of his surprised face when he turns around and presumably sees someone.
Cast
Zhang Guoli as Liang Yazhou ()
Liu Bei as Li Xiaodan ()
Xu Fan as Song Xiaoying ()
Fu Biao as Liu Dawei ()
External links
A Sigh at the Chinese Movie Database
2000 films
2000s Mandarin-language films
Films set in Beijing
Films shot in Beijing
Films directed by Feng Xiaogang
Chinese drama films
2000 drama films
Films set in Hainan
Films shot in Hainan
2000s Chinese films |
Tashiding Gewog is a gewog (sub district) of Dagana District, Bhutan. It also comprises part of Dagapela Dungkhag (sub-district), along with Dorona and Goshi Gewogs.
Notable residents
Namgay Peldon, judge and politician serving as Gup, or administrator
References
Gewogs of Bhutan
Dagana District |
T.H.E. Fox is a furry comic strip by Joe Ekaitis which ran from 1986 to 1998. It is among the earliest online comics, predating Where the Buffalo Roam by over five years. T.H.E. Fox was published on CompuServe, Q-Link and GEnie, and later on the Web as Thaddeus. Despite running weekly for several years, the comic never achieved Ekaitis' goal of print syndication. Updates became less frequent, and eventually stopped altogether.
Production
Initial strips—consisting of one panel each—were drawn as pixel art on a C64 KoalaPad, first using KoalaPainter, then Advanced OCP Art Studio. Each panel had a resolution of 160x200 in sixteen colors (or 320x200 in eight), and took from two hours to half a day to complete. Later strips were inked, then scanned onto a PC and touched up with Paintbrush. Characters were typically presented in a single plane, though some strips used oblique or perspective projection.
Characters and themes
The comic consisted almost entirely of gags; some concerned the characters' animal natures, but Ekaitis preferred to cover news and exaggerate events of everyday life. The main character—Thaddeus Horatio Eberhard, or simply Thaddeus Fox—was often seen interacting with his roommate, Bunnington Ellsworth Rabbit (Bunn E. Rabbit). Other regulars included Grizz Lee, M.D.; Wilt the Wolf; an unnamed coyote, and Thaddaeus' nephew, Ferdinand.
Other appearances
Thaddeus (in fursuit form) and his creator appeared on the Rapid T. Rabbit and Friends show several times and the cable TV show carried most episodes of the comic strip for a number of years. Thaddeus also appeared with Rapid T. Rabbit in the Pasadena Doo Dah Parade. The comic was mentioned in the magazines .info and RUN, and was the subject of an interview by the Commodore 64/128 RoundTable. Thaddeus and Bunn also featured in editorial cartoons for the San Bernardino Sun regarding the O. J. Simpson murder case and the price of groceries, and appeared on the covers of Commodore journal Twin Cities 128 (TC-128).
Notes
References
External links
T.H.E. Fox in the GEnie Commodore File Library
Thaddeus (archived at Internet Archive) the website for the web published comic strips.
Furry webcomics
1990s webcomics
Fictional foxes |
The 8th IBF World Championships (World Badminton Championships) were held in Birmingham, England in 1993. Following the results of the women's singles.
Main stage
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Final stage
External links
BWF Results
1993 IBF World Championships
IBF |
C9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene C9orf72.
The human C9orf72 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, from base pair 27,546,546 to base pair 27,573,866 (GRCh38). Its cytogenetic location is at 9p21.2.
The protein is found in many regions of the brain, in the cytoplasm of neurons as well as in presynaptic terminals. Disease-causing mutations in the gene were first discovered by two independent research teams, led by Rosa Rademakers of Mayo Clinic and Bryan Traynor of the National Institutes of Health, and were first reported in October 2011. The mutations in C9orf72 are significant because it is the first pathogenic mechanism identified to be a genetic link between familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is the most common mutation identified that is associated with familial FTD and/or ALS.
Gene location
Cytogenetic Location: 9p21.2
Molecular Location on chromosome 9: base pairs 27,546,546 to 27,573,866
Mutations
The mutation of C9ORF72 is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion of the six letter string of nucleotides GGGGCC. In a person without the mutation, there are few repeats of this hexanucleotide, typically fewer than 20–30, but in people with the mutation, the repeat can occur in the order of hundreds. It is known that the mutation interferes with normal expression of the protein made by C9orf72, however the function of this protein remains speculative. There are two major theories about the way that the C9ORF72 mutation causes FTD and/or ALS. One theory is that accumulation of RNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm becomes toxic, and RNA binding protein sequestration occurs. The other is that the lack of half of the C9ORF72 protein (haploinsufficiency) in the body causes the diseases. Additionally, RNA transcribed from the C9ORF72 gene, containing expanded GGGGCC repeats, is translated through a non-ATG initiated mechanism, which is the same mechanism as other repeat disorders. This hexanucleotide variant of a trinucleotide repeat disorder produces five different dipeptides by RAN translation, these dipeptides aggregating to contribute to overall toxicity of the mutation. The GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9orf72 is also believed to compromise nucleocytoplasmic transport through several possible mechanisms.
Clinical significance
The C9ORF72 mutation is the first mutation found to be a link between familial FTD and ALS. Numerous published studies have confirmed the commonality of the C9ORF72 repeat expansion in FTD and ALS, which are both diseases without cures that have affected millions of people. Frontotemporal dementia is the second most common form of early-onset dementia after Alzheimer's disease in people under the age of 65. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is also devastating; it is characterized by motor neuron degeneration that eventually causes respiratory failure with a median survival of three years after onset.
C9orf72 mutation is present in approximately 40% of familial ALS and 8-10 % of sporadic ALS. It is currently the most common demonstrated mutation related to ALS - far more common than SOD1 or TDP-43.
While different mutations of various genes have been linked to different phenotypes of FTD in the past, C9orf72 specifically has been linked to behavioral variant FTD. Certain pathology in FTD caused by the C9orf72 mutation can also include:
TDP-43 in all C9 carriers
Ubiquitin-binding protein 62
C9ORF72 is specifically linked to familial ALS, which affects about 10% of ALS patients. Traditionally, familial and sporadic cases of ALS have been clinically indistinguishable, which has made diagnosis difficult. The identification of this gene will therefore help in the future diagnosis of familial ALS.
Slow diagnosis is also common for FTD, which can often take up to a year with many patients initially misdiagnosed with another condition. Testing for a specific gene that is known to cause the diseases would help with faster diagnoses. Possibly most importantly, the identification of this hexanucleotide repeat expansion is an extremely promising avenue for possible future therapies of both familial FTD and familial ALS, once the mechanism and function of the C9ORF72 protein is better comprehended. Furthermore, present research is being done to see if there is a correlation between C9ORF72 and other neurological diseases, such as motor neuron disease and Huntington's disease.
Gene heritability
It is possible that genetic anticipation may exist for this mutation. However, only 1 in 4 families exhibited significant anticipation in this study (n=63) It has been proposed that the amount of the repeat expansion increases with each successive generation, possibly causing the disease to be more severe in the next generation, showing onset up to a decade earlier with each successive generation after the carrier. The buildup of a repeat expansion with each generation is typically thought to occur because the DNA is unstable and therefore accumulates exponentially every time the gene is copied. No genetic evidence for this has yet been demonstrated for this mutation. There is also a demographic factor that should be considered in genetic predisposition, as some cohorts have found that there might be a founder effect for the C9orf72 mutation, which might have led to higher frequencies of the mutation in specific populations than others. Specifically this founder has been linked to Northern Europeans populations, namely Finland.
Gene testing
Since this mutation has been found to be the most common mutation identified in familial FTD and/or ALS, it is considered one of if not the most dependable candidates for genetic testing. Patients are considered eligible if the mother or father has had FTD and/or another family member has had ALS. There are also population and location risk factors in determining eligibility. Some studies have found that the mutation has a higher frequency in certain cohorts. Athena Diagnostics (Quest Diagnostics) announced in Spring 2012 the first clinically available testing service for detecting the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. Genetic counseling is recommended for the patients before a genetic test is ordered.
Likely function of C9ORF72 protein
C9ORF72 is predicted to be a full-length homologue of DENN proteins (where DENN stands for "differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells"). These proteins have a conserved DENN module consisting of an N-terminal longin domain, followed by the central DENN and C-terminal alpha-helical d-DENN domains. This led to DENNL72 being suggested as a new name for C9orf72.
Given the molecular role of known DENN modules, the C9ORF72-like proteins were predicted to function as Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF), which activate small GTPases, most likely a Rab. Studies have provided some evidence to confirm this: C9ORF72 was found to regulate endosomal trafficking and autophagy in neuronal cells and primary neurons. This suggested that certain aspects of the ALS and FTD disease pathology might result from haploinsufficiency of C9ORF72, leading to a defect in intracellular membrane traffic, which adds to neuronal damage from RNA-mediated and dipeptide toxicities by reducing function of microglia, the macrophage-like cells of the brain.
GTPase targets of a stable C9ORF72-SMCR8-WDR41 complex include the Rag GTPases that simulate mTORC1 and so regulate macro-autophagy. Also, C9ORF72 and SMCR8 regulate the function of lysosomes. Although the GTPase involved on lysosomes is not yet identified, it might feasibly be Rab7A, which along with Rab5A and Rab11A, is activated by C9ORF72-SMCR8-WDR41 functioning as a GEF.
As well as activating GTPases (GEF), the same C9ORF72-SMCR8-WDR41 complex is proposed to inactivate GTPases, i.e. as a GTPase activating protein (GAP). This activity is proposed for Rag GTPases, paralleling the Rag-GAP activity of the FLCN-FNIP complex, which it resembles. In addition, the complex is a GAP for Rab8a and Rab11a, with cryo-EM identifying an arginine finger conserved between FLCN and SMCR8.
DNA damage response
Repeat sequence expansion mutations in C9orf72 that lead to neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD display dysfunction of the nucleolus and of R-loop formation. Such dysfunctions can lead to DNA damage. Motor neurons with C9orf72 mutations were found to activate the DNA damage response (DDR) as indicated by up-regulation of DDR markers. If the DDR is insufficient to repair these DNA damages, apoptosis of the motor neurons is the likely result.
Evolutionary history
Sequence analysis further suggests that the C9ORF72 protein emerged early in eukaryotic evolution, and whereas most eukaryotes usually possess a single copy of the gene encoding the C9ORF72 protein, the eukaryotes Entamoeba and Trichomonas vaginalis possess multiple copies, suggestive of independent lineage-specific expansions in these species. The family is lost in most fungi (except Rhizopus) and plants.
Implications for future therapies
Overall, the C9ORF72 mutation holds great promise for future therapies for familial FTD and/or ALS to be developed. Currently, there is focus on more research to be done on C9ORF72 to further understand the exact mechanisms involved in the cause of the diseases by this mutation. A clearer understanding of the exact pathogenic mechanism will aid in a more focused drug therapies. Possible drug targets currently include the repeat expansion itself as well as increasing levels of C9ORF72. Blocking the toxic gain of RNA foci to prevent RNA sequestration might be helpful as well as making up for the lack of C9ORF72. Either of these targets as well as a combination of them might be promising future targets in minimizing the effects of the C9ORF72 repeat expansion.
Interactions
C9ORF72 has been shown to interact with:
ELAVL1,
UBC, and
ADARB2
See also
Trinucleotide repeat disorder
RAN translation
References
External links
Genes on human chromosome 9 |
Chris Hass (born February 19, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for ČEZ Basketball Nymburk in the Czech Republic National Basketball League. Hass played his college basketball at Bucknell University for the Bucknell Bison of the Patriot League.
On June 1, 2017 Hass signed a one-year deal with ČEZ Nymburk a basketball club based in the Czech Republic. In 8 games Hass averaged 8.9 points, 1.7 rebounds and 1.4 assists per game in his first professional season.
References
External links
Chris Hass at realGM
1994 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in the Czech Republic
Basketball players from Michigan
Bucknell Bison men's basketball players
People from Emmet County, Michigan
Shooting guards
American men's basketball players |
Events from the year 1957 in Michigan.
Top stories
The Associated Press, United Press and Detroit Free Press each ranked the top Michigan news stories of 1957 as follows:
The November 1 opening of the Mackinac Bridge between the state's Upper and Lower Peninsulas (AP-1, UP-1, DFP-5)
The September 12 death of Detroit Mayor Albert Cobo and Louis Miriani taking over as the new mayor (AP-5, DFP-1)
The sweep of statewide offices by Democratic Party candidates in April elections (AP-2, UP-6, DFP-2)
The gun battle between two killers and police officers on the night of September 30 and early morning of October 1 that crossed from Indiana into Michigan and resulted in the death of a Michigan State Trooper and an Indiana State Trooper (UP-2)
The debate over taxes and their impact on Michigan industry. The debate followed comments in April by General Motors President Harlow Curtice that high taxes were preventing the company from expanding its operations in Michigan. (AP-3, UP-3)
The Detroit Lions won the NFL Western Division (and ultimately the NFL Championship Game) after George Wilson replaced Buddy Parker as the team's head coach (AP-8, DFP-4)
The Asian flu outbreak that resulted in more than 40 deaths in Michigan in the fall (UP-4)
Mackie's 10-year highway program (AP-4)
The conviction by a jury in Muskegon of ex-convict Herman Barmore in the murder of a 12-year-old Boy Scout Peter Gorham. Gorham was shot in the wilderness as he returned from a hike in July 1955 to Camp Wabaningo, located 12 miles north of Muskegon. The trial was the longest in Muskegon County history. (UP-5)
The state's campaign to cut highway deaths (AP-6)
The death on October 30 of eight members of the Carrick family in a house fire in the Upper Peninsula community of Pickford, Michigan. (UP-7)
Mackinac County Prosecutor James J. Brown rescue of his son's life by pushing a disabled raft in Lake Huron for four hours with his chin (AP-7)
The October crash of a Navy space balloon near Hermansville, Michigan (UP-8)
The rape and murder of Mary de Caussin, a six-year-old first-grader from Ecorse Township, Michigan, in mid-June 1957
The arrest in Texas of Anna and Floyd Thorpe of St. Clair Shores on charges of embezzling state funds (AP-9 [tie])
The plunge of Dick and Doris Robbins, a sister and brother from Detroit, over Tahquamenon Falls (AP-9 [tie])
Office holders
State office holders
Governor of Michigan: G. Mennen Williams (Democrat)
Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: Philip Hart (Democrat)
Michigan Attorney General: Thomas M. Kavanagh (Democrat)/Paul Adams
Michigan Secretary of State: James M. Hare (Democrat)
Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives: George Van Peursem (Republican)
Majority Leader of the Michigan Senate:
Chief Justice, Michigan Supreme Court:
Mayors of major cities
Mayor of Detroit: Albert Cobo (Republican)/Louis Miriani
Mayor of Grand Rapids: Paul G. Goebel
Mayor of Flint: George M. Algoe
Mayor of Saginaw: Maurice E. Brown/R. James Harvey
Mayor of Dearborn: Orville L. Hubbard
Mayor of Lansing: Ralph Crego
Mayor of Ann Arbor: William E. Brown Jr./Samuel J. Eldersveld
Federal office holders
U.S. Senator from Michigan: Patrick V. McNamara (Democrat)
U.S. Senator from Michigan: Charles E. Potter (Republican)
House District 1: Thaddeus M. Machrowicz (Democrat)
House District 2: George Meader (Republican)
House District 3: August E. Johansen (Republican)
House District 4: Clare Hoffman (Republican)
House District 5: Gerald Ford (Republican)
House District 6: Charles E. Chamberlain (Republican)
House District 7: Robert J. McIntosh (Republican)
House District 8: Alvin Morell Bentley (Republican)
House District 9: Robert P. Griffin (Republican)
House District 10: Elford Albin Cederberg (Republican)
House District 11: Victor A. Knox (Republican)
House District 12: John B. Bennett (Republican)
House District 13: Charles Diggs (Democrat)
House District 14: Louis C. Rabaut (Democrat)
House District 15: John Dingell Jr. (Democrat)
House District 16: John Lesinski Jr. (Democrat)
House District 17: Martha Griffiths (Democrat)
House District 18: William Broomfield (Republican)
Population
Sports
Baseball
1957 Detroit Tigers season – Under manager Jack Tighe, the Tigers compiled a 78–76 record and finished in fourth place in the American League. The team's statistical leaders included Al Kaline with a .295 batting average and 90 RBIs, Charlie Maxwell with 24 home runs, and Jim Bunning with 20 wins and a 2.69 earned run average.
1957 Michigan Wolverines baseball team - Under head coach Ray Fisher, the Wolverines compiled a 17–7 record. Ken Tippery was the team captain.
American football
1957 Detroit Lions season – The Lions, under head coach George Wilson, compiled an 8–4 record, finished in first place in the NFL Western Conference, and defeated the Cleveland Browns in the 1957 NFL Championship Game. The team's statistical leaders included Bobby Layne with 1,169 passing yards and 43 points scored (25 extra points, and 6 field goals), John Henry Johnson with 621 rushing yards, and Jim Doran with 624 receiving yards.
1957 Michigan State Spartans football team – Under head coach Duffy Daugherty, the Spartans compiled an 8–1 record and were ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Jim Ninowski with 718 passing yards, Walt Kowalczyk with 545 rushing yards, and Dave Kaiser with 267 receiving yards.
1957 Michigan Wolverines football team – Under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, the Wolverines compiled a 5-3-1 record. Jim Pace won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the Big Ten Conference. The team's statistical leaders included Jim Van Pelt with 629 passing yards, Jim Pace with 664 rushing yards and 54 points scored, and Gary Prahst with 233 receiving yards.
1957 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team – Under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 6–3 record and won the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference championship.
1957 Central Michigan Chippewas football team – Under head coach Kenneth "Bill" Kelly, the Chippewas compiled a 4–6 record.
1957 Western Michigan Broncos football team – Under head coach Merle Schlosser, the Broncos compiled a 4–4–1 record.
1957 Detroit Titans football team – The Titans compiled a 6–3 record under head coach Wally Fromhart.
Basketball
Detroit Pistons - On February 14, 1957, Fort Wayne Pistons owner Fred Zollner announced that he had signed a six-year deal with the Detroit Olympia to move the Pistons to Detroit for six years starting in the fall of 1957. In their first home game in Detroit, the Pistons lost to the NBA champion Boston Celtics on October 23 by a 105-94 score. The game was played at the Olympia before a crowd of 10,965.
1956–57 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team – Under head coach Forddy Anderson, the Spartans compiled a 16–10 record. Jack Quiggle led the team with an average of 15.4 points per game.
1956–57 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team – Under head coach William Perigo, the Wolverines compiled a 13–9 record. Ron Kramer established the school career scoring record with 1,119 points. Kramer earned team MVP for the third year in a row.
1956–57 Western Michigan Broncos men's basketball team – Under head coach Joseph Hoy, the Broncos compiled an 8–13 record.
1956–57 Detroit Titans men's basketball team – The Titans compiled an 11–15 record under head coach Bob Calihan.
Ice hockey
1956–57 Detroit Red Wings season – Under head coach Jimmy Skinner, the Red Wings compiled a 38–20–12 record and finished in first place in the National Hockey League, but lost to the Boston Bruins in the first round of the playoffs. Gordie Howe led the team with 44 goals and 89 points and Ted Lindsay led the team with 55 assists. The team's goaltender was Glenn Hall.
1956–57 Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey season – Under head coach Vic Heyliger, the Wolverines compiled an 18–5–2 record and finished second in the 1957 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament.
1956–57 Michigan Tech Huskies men's ice hockey team – Under head coach John MacInnes, Michigan Tech compiled a 14–9–5 record.
1956–57 Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey team – Under head coach Amo Bessone, the Spartans compiled a 7–15 record.
Boat racing
Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race –
Golf
Michigan Open –
Motor City Open -
Chronology of events
January
January 1 - G. Mennen Williams was sworn in for his record fifth term as Governor of Michigan.
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Births
May 3 - William Clay Ford Jr., former president, CEO, and COO of Ford Motor Co., in Detroit
May 4 - Rick Leach, U-M quarterback (1975–1978), Major League Baseball player (1981–1990), in Ann Arbor, Michigan
May 28 - Kirk Gibson, Major League Baseball player (1979–1995) and manager (2010–2014), 2x World Series champion, 1988 National League MVP, in Pontiac, Michigan
June 12 - Timothy Busfield, Emmy-winning actor (The West Wing, Thirtysomething), in Lansing, Michigan
July 6 - Susan Ford, daughter of Gerald Ford, author, photojournalist, and former chair of the board of the Betty Ford Center, in Washington, D.C.
July 30 - Clint Hurdle, Major League Baseball player (1977–1987) and manager (2002–present), National League Manager of the Year in 2013, in Big Rapids, Michigan
Gallery of 1957 births
Deaths
April 13 - Fred L. Crawford, Congressman from Michigan's 8th District (1935-1953), at age 69 in Washington, D.C.
July 4 - Earl C. Michener, Congressman from Michigan (1919-1933, 1935-1951), at age 80 in Adrian, Michigan
July 30 - Charles Bowles, Mayor of Detroit for six months in 1930, at age 73 in Detroit
July 31 - Solanus Casey, Roman Catholic Capuchin priest and wonderworker, beatified by Pope Francis in 2017, at age 86 in Detroit
September 12 - Albert Cobo, Mayor of Detroit (1950-1957), at 63 in Detroit
September - William Cunningham, first Michigan football player to be recognized as first-team All-American, at age 84 in Grove City, Pennsylvania
October 20 - Jason E. Hammond, Michigan Superintendent of Public Instruction (1897-1900), at age 95 in New York City
October 25 - George D. O'Brien, U.S. Congressman (1937-1939, 1941-1947, 1949-1955), at age 57
Gallery of 1957 deaths
See also
History of Michigan
History of Detroit
References |
Joseph Hansen (July 19, 1923 – November 24, 2004) was an American crime writer and poet, best known for a series of novels featuring private eye Dave Brandstetter.
Life and works
Hansen was born on July 19, 1923, in Aberdeen, South Dakota. His father owned a shoe store in Aberdeen, but it closed during the Great Depression. When Hansen was ten, the family moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota; later, the family moved to Altadena, California, where a sister lived.
Hansen had begun writing at the age of nine; his first published work, a poem, appeared in The New Yorker, in 1952. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, he had several part-time jobs in bookstores and magazines. He continued writing poetry for various magazines, one of which was ONE, the first pro-gay publication in the United States. In 1965, Hansen wrote his first novel Strange Marriage, published under the pseudonym "James Colton". He also briefly sang as a part of a folk music group, hosted a radio show called Homosexuality Today, and helped organize the first Gay Pride Parade in Hollywood.
In 1970, Hansen published Fadeout, his first novel to be published under his own name. The novel also introduces his character Dave Brandstetter, an openly gay insurance investigator who still embodied the tough, no-nonsense personality of the classic hardboiled private investigator protagonist. Brandstetter has been cited as a groundbreaking character in gay fiction and crime fiction. Hansen published eleven further books featuring Brandstetter, ending with A Country of Old Men in 1991. Hansen won the 1992 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Private Eye Writers of America, as well as a Lambda Literary Award for Gay Mystery from the Lambda Literary Foundation for A Country of Old Men. Hansen created a second private investigator character, Hack Bohannon, a former deputy sheriff who quits the force after fourteen years because of his disapproval of a whitewashed homicide inquiry and runs a horse farm. He collected five novellas in his 1988 book Bohannon's Book (Countryman Press, 1988; paperback reprint, Penguin, 1989 [). A sequel, also collecting five novellas, appeared in 1993 as Bohannon's Country (Penguin, 1993 ). In 1993, Hansen won another Lambda Literary Award for Gay Fiction for Living Upstairs (1993).
In addition to crime novels, Hansen wrote the more mainstream novel A Smile In His Lifetime (1981), a non-genre novel about a married gay man who achieves fame, divorces his wife, and heads into a string of homosexual relationships both good and bad. Another mainstream novel Job's Year, was published in 1983. He also wrote two suspense novels in the early 1980s, and two gothic novels in the 1970s under the pseudonym "Rose Brock".
Personal life
Hansen was married to artist Jane Bancroft, a lesbian, from 1943 to her death in 1994. He said their relationship was that of "a gay man and a woman who happened to love each other." They were married for 51 years. Bancroft was an artist, scholar and teacher. She was born in Boston on February 4, 1917, and grew up in El Paso. She was an animal lover and rescued and sheltered strays. She died on September 9, 1994, following a stroke. Following her death, Joseph Hansen wrote the poem The Dark/The Diary (In memoriam: J.B.H., 1917-1994). The couple had one daughter, Barbara, who later transitioned and changed his name to Daniel James Hansen. According to a friend quoted in an obituary, Hansen also had two long-term male lovers.
Hansen disliked the term "gay" and always described himself as "homosexual".
Hansen died from heart failure in 2004 at his home in Laguna Beach, California.
Bibliography
One Foot in the Boat (poetry) (1977) (Momentum Press)
The Dog and Other Stories (1979) (Momentum Press)
Backtrack (1982) (Foul Play Press)
Pretty Boy Dead (1984) (Gay Sunshine Press)
Brandstetter & Others: Five Fictions (1984) (Foul Play Press)
A Smile in his Lifetime (1985) (Plume)
Steps Going Down (1985) (Foul Play Press) (1986) (Arlington)
Bohannon's Book: Five Mysteries (1988) (Foul Play Press)
Bohannon's Country (1993) (Viking Penguin)
Living Upstairs (1994) (Plume)
Jack of Hearts (1995) (Dutton)
A Few Doors West of Hope : The Life and Times of Dauntless Don Slater (1998) (Homosexual Information Center)
Blood, Snow, & Classic Cars: Mystery Stories (2001) (Leyland Publications)
Bohannon's Women (2003) (Five Star)
Dave Brandstetter mysteries
Fadeout (1970) (Harper and Row)
Death Claims (1973) (Harper and Row) (1973) (Harrap)
Troublemaker (1975) (Harper and Row)
The Man Everybody Was Afraid Of (1978) (Holt, Rinehart) (1978) (Faber)
Skinflick (1979) (Holt, Rinehart)
Gravedigger (1982) (Holt, Rinehart)
Nightwork (1984) (Holt, Rinehart)
Brandstetter & Others: Five Fictions (1984) (Norton)
The Little Dog Laughed (1986) (Holt, Rinehart)
Early Graves (1987) (Mysterious Press)
Obedience (1988) (Mysterious Press)
The Boy Who Was Buried This Morning (1990) (Viking Penguin)
A Country of Old Men (1991) (Viking Penguin)
The Complete Brandstetter: Twelve Novels (No Exit Press, 2007)
As Rose Brock
Longleaf (1974) (Harrap)
Tarn House (1975) (Harrap)
As James Colton
Strange Marriage (1965) (Argyle) (1966) (Paperback Library)
The Corrupter and other stories (1968) (Greenleaf)
Gard (1969) (Award Books)
The Outward Side (1971) (Traveller's Companion) (1995) (Hard Candy, Masquerade Books)
Todd (1995) (Hard Candy, Masquerade Books)
References
External links
Books by Joseph Hansen, mystery author
Joseph Hansen at the GLBTQ Encyclopedia
Column about Dave Brandstetter books in historical context
1923 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American short story writers
21st-century American male writers
American male novelists
American male short story writers
American crime writers
American mystery writers
American gay writers
Lambda Literary Award for Gay Fiction winners
American LGBT novelists
LGBT people from South Dakota
People from Aberdeen, South Dakota
Shamus Award winners
Writers from California
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American LGBT people |
Būdai (formerly , ) is a village in Kėdainiai district municipality, in Kaunas County, in central Lithuania. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 10 people. It is located from Lančiūnava, alongside the A8 highway, surrounded by the Lančiūnava-Šventybrastis Forest.
Demography
References
Villages in Kaunas County
Kėdainiai District Municipality |
Nikola III Zrinski (1488 or 1489? – 1534) was a Croatian nobleman, a member of the Zrinski noble family, influential in the Kingdom of Croatia.
Life
Nikola was born as the son of Petar II Zrinski (1435–1493) and Jelena Babonić. His father had fallen in the battle of Krbava field, and as such Nikola lived on his large Zrin estate in central Croatia. He was married to Jelena Karlović, the princess of Krbava, a sister of Ivan Karlović, future Ban (Viceroy) of Croatia. They had six children, among them Nikola IV Zrinski, one of the greatest military leaders in Croatian history and a national hero both in Croatia and in Hungary.
Nikola is known for his attendance of the 1527 election in Cetin when Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria was elected the new king of Croatia. Among the seals of six Croatian noblemen on the charter confirming the election, there is also his seal. Moreover, some historians believe that Zrinski was the one who played a crucial role in Ferdinand's choice.
In his Gvozdansko Castle, not far from Zrin, he had his own silver coins minted, as his father had done before. There were silver, gold, and lead ore mines, smelteries, foundries and mints in his property.
In the time of the threatening Ottoman danger, Nikola III Zrinski died in Zrin and was buried in the neighboring Franciscan church of St. Margaret (according to some historians: church of St. Mary Magdalene). He was succeeded by his son Nikola IV, future Ban of Croatia, and hero of the Siege of Szigetvár (1566).
External links
Nikola III Zrinski in an essay of the archaeological topography of the regions Kostajnica and Dvor (author: Ivan Mirnik)
The mining and minting rights of Croatian aristocracy
The genealogy of Nikola III Zrinski
The mining and minting rights of Croatian aristocracy
Zrinski
Croatian Roman Catholics
16th-century Croatian people
15th-century Croatian people
1534 deaths
16th-century Croatian military personnel
15th-century Croatian nobility
16th-century Croatian nobility
1520s in Croatia |
UFC 18: The Road to the Heavyweight Title was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship on January 8, 1999 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The event was seen live on pay per view in the United States, and later released on home video.
History
The event featured a UFC Lightweight Championship (now known as the Welterweight Championship) bout and six other bouts. UFC 18 was technically part two of what the UFC called "The Road To The Heavyweight Title", a tournament, spanning four events, held to crown the new UFC Heavyweight Champion after the title was vacated by Randy Couture (due to contract disputes).
Part one was held at UFC Brazil, with Tsuyoshi Kosaka taking a win to advance to UFC 18. UFC 18 featured the first US appearance of MMA legend Bas Rutten, and the first appearance of the late Evan Tanner, who would go on to become the UFC Middleweight Champion.
UFC 18 marked the first card where the initials "UFC" replaced "The Ultimate Fighting Championship" in the logo and when mentioned by the announcers/commentators. The new logo used the similar character from the old logo (with hands on his hips instead of punching the globe) combined with the letters UFC on the bottom.
Results
See also
Ultimate Fighting Championship
List of UFC champions
List of UFC events
1999 in UFC
References
External links
UFC 18 results at Sherdog.com
Ultimate Fighting Championship events
1999 in mixed martial arts
Mixed martial arts in New Orleans
MMA
1999 in sports in Louisiana
Events in New Orleans |
The Sea Vultures ( and also known as Predators of the Sea) is a 1916 Swedish silent drama film directed by Victor Sjöström. Filmed on the island of Landsort, the plot entails smuggling. The film starred Richard Lund, Greta Almroth, and John Ekman.
Cast
Greta Almroth as Gabriele
John Ekman as Birger
Nils Elffors as Anton
Richard Lund as Arnold
Rasmus Rasmussen as Hornung
Jenny Tschernichin-Larsson as Mrs. Arnold
References
External links
1916 films
1910s Swedish-language films
Swedish drama short films
Swedish silent short films
Swedish black-and-white films
1916 drama films
1916 short films
Films directed by Victor Sjöström
Silent Swedish drama films |
North Avondale is an economically diverse neighborhood in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is home to Xavier University and the Avon Woods Preserve. The population was 3,405 at the 2020 census.
Education
North Avondale is home to two elementary schools. North Avondale Montessori serves preschool through 6th grade and is part of the Cincinnati Public Schools system. The New School Montessori is a private elementary school serving preschool through 6th grade, and is accredited by the American Montessori Society.
Xavier University is partially located in North Avondale, and also offers a Montessori laboratory school for students ages 3-12.
References
External links
North Avondale Neighborhood Association
History of North Avondale
Neighborhoods in Cincinnati |
Davao Doctors Hospital is a privately owned hospital located in Davao City, Philippines. It was founded in 1969 in the Southern Philippines. It has 250 beds and a 10-storey Medical Tower Building that houses more than 130 active members of medical staff in varied specialties and sub-specialties.
Background
In 1961, Dr. Honorio Hilario, owner of Botica Villa, invited Dr. Luisito Guanlao to set up a clinic in the pharmacy. Within four years, more doctors set up clinics there as well.
In August 1966, Clinica Hilario, Inc. was incorporated by doctors Honorio Hilario Sr., Luisito Guanlao, Agusto Abela, Juan Belisario Jr., Rodrigo Casiño, Honorio dela Cruz, Jose Gantioqui, Jr., Benigno Magpantay, Gerino Pangan, Pacita San Vicente, Crisostomo Serrano Sr., Herminio Villano Sr., and Amador Villanueva. From the original 15 incorporators with Php400,000 capitalization in 1966, the corporation's stockholders increased to 154 with a capitalization of Php2 million in 1969. Starting with a 50-bed occupancy, Davao Doctors Hospital opened its doors to the public.
In the 1970s, Davao Doctors Hospital bed capacity increased to 150 and provisions for an intensive-care unit was set in place, along with an Annex for doctors' clinics. To complement the hospital's nursing care, DDH opened the Davao Doctors Hospital School of Nursing, which eventually became as the subsidiary now known as Davao Doctors College.
The construction and expansion of building complexes continued from 1979 to 1986. The DDH extension building for the renovation of the operating room and delivery room was done in 1991, the Medical Arts building in 1994, and the Medical Tower for doctors' offices in 1999.
In 2000, Davao Doctors Hospital became the first ISO-accredited hospital in the region and the second in the Philippines, having been awarded the ISO 9001 Certification. The hospital continued to foster many other first in the region, such as its Radiation Oncology Department becoming fully functional.
By May 2008, Metro Pacific Investments Corporation or MPIC bought a 34% shareholding in Davao Doctors Hospital. Under the chairmanship of Mr. Manuel V. Pangilinan, a new board of directors was set in place.
Davao Doctors Hospital offers diagnostic, therapeutic, and intensive care facilities and medical specialties- cardiovascular medicine, orthopedics, gastroenterology and endocrinology, obstetrics-gynecology, neurology and neurosurgery, ophthalmology, nephrology, digestive and liver diseases, radiology and radiation oncology.
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1969
Private hospitals in the Philippines
Buildings and structures in Davao City
1969 establishments in the Philippines
20th-century architecture in the Philippines |
Grammar of the Gothic Language is a book by Joseph Wright describing the extinct Gothic language, first published in 1910. It includes the language's development from Proto-Indo-European (then known as Indo-Germanic) and Proto-Germanic (Primitive Germanic), and part of Ulfilas's bible translation. It superseded Wright's earlier A Primer of the Gothic Language, and has been reprinted many times throughout the 20th century.
External links
Grammar of the Gothic Language available at ling.upenn.edu
1910 non-fiction books
Grammar books
Gothic language
Clarendon Press books |
Finland participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Why?" written by Mika Toivanen and Steven Stewart. The song was performed by Geir Rönning. The Finnish broadcaster Yleisradio (Yle) organised the national final Euroviisut 2005 in order to select the Finnish entry for the 2005 contest in Kyiv, Ukraine. 24 entries were selected to compete in the national final, which consisted of four semi-finals and a final, taking place in January and February 2005. Six entries competed in each semi-final and the top three from each semi-final, as selected solely by a public vote, advanced to the final. Twelve entries competed in the final on 19 February where votes from six regional juries first selected the top six to advance to a second round. In the second round, votes from the public selected "Why?" performed by Geir Rönning as the winner with 30,648 votes.
Finland competed in the semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 19 May 2005. Performing during the show in position 16, "Why?" was not announced among the top 10 entries of the semi-final and therefore did not qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Finland placed eighteenth out of the 25 participating countries in the semi-final with 50 points.
Background
Prior to the 2005 contest, Finland had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest thirty-eight times since its first entry in 1961. Finland's best result in the contest achieved in 1973 where the song "Tom Tom Tom" performed by Marion Rung placed sixth.
The Finnish national broadcaster, Yleisradio (Yle), broadcasts the event within Finland and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. Yle confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest on 22 June 2004. Finland's entries for the Eurovision Song Contest have been selected through national final competitions that have varied in format over the years. Since 1961, a selection show that was often titled Euroviisukarsinta highlighted that the purpose of the program was to select a song for Eurovision. Along with their participation confirmation, the broadcaster announced that the Finnish entry for the 2005 contest would be selected through the Euroviisut selection show.
Before Eurovision
Euroviisut 2005
Euroviisut 2005 was the national final that selected Finland's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2005. The competition consisted of five shows that commenced with the first of four semi-finals on 14 January 2005 and concluded with a final on 19 February 2005. All shows were broadcast on Yle TV2 and via radio on Yle Radio Vega. The final was also broadcast via radio on Yle Radio Suomi.
Format
The format of the competition consisted of five shows: four semi-finals and a final. Six songs competed in each semi-final and the top three entries from each semi-final qualified to complete the twelve-song lineup in the final. The results for the semi-finals were determined exclusively by a public vote, while the results in the final were determined by public voting and jury voting. Public voting included the options of telephone and SMS.
Competing entries
A submission period was opened by Yle which lasted between 22 June 2004 and 1 October 2004. Both the writers and singer(s) had to hold Finnish citizenship or live in Finland permanently in order for the entry to qualify to compete. Song performed in Finnish or Swedish were preferred. A panel of twelve experts appointed by Yle selected sixteen entries for the competition from a record number of 503 received submissions, while an additional eight entries came from composers directly invited by Yle: Maki Kolehmainen, Samuli Laiho, Kristian Maukonen, Petri Munck, Esa Nieminen, Sipe Santapukki, Mikko Tamminen and Arttu Peljo, and Mika Toivanen. The experts were Ilkka Talasranta (Head of Entertainment at Yle), Kjell Ekholm (Director of Entertainment at Yle FST), Jukka Haarma (Director of Popular Music at Yle Radio Suomi), Mikko Harjunp (music director of Radio Nova), Jorma Hietamäki (music director of Yle Radio Suomi), Asko Kallonen (record producer), Hannu Korkeamäki (record producer), Pirkko Kotirinta (editor at Helsingin Sanomat), Pia Ljungman (producer at YLEXQ), Asko Murtomäki (Eurovision expert), Rainer Savander (music director of Sävelradio) and Laura Voutilainen (singer). The competing entries were presented on 1 November 2004.
Prior to the competition, "I Can't Believe It", written by Patrick Linman and Ola Larsson, was disqualified due to the song having been released on a compilation album in Sweden and replaced with "Kihlaus" performed by Wäinötär. The song "Du ger kärleken ett svar" performed by Geir Rönning and Nina Tapio was translated from Swedish to English and titled "My One and Only Love", while "Joo joo" performed by I'Dees was translated from Finnish to English and titled "Yeah, yeah".
Shows
Semi-finals
The four semi-final shows took place on 14 January, 21 January, 4 February and 11 February 2005, hosted by Finnish presenters Jaana Pelkonen and Heikki Paasonen. The semi-finals took place in different cities across Finland: the Sibelius Hall in Lahti for the first semi-final, the Paviljonki in Jyväskylä for the second semi-final, Hall 994 of the Holiday Club Caribia in Turku for the third semi-final and the Kulttuurikeskus in Imatra for the fourth semi-final. The top three from the six competing entries in each semi-final qualified to the final based on the results from the public vote, which were revealed by Finland's five telephone regions along with the SMS voting results. In addition to the competing entries, Boney M, Frederik and 2002 Finnish Eurovision entrant Laura performed as the interval acts in all four semi-finals.
Final
The final took place on 19 February 2005 at the Tampere Hall in Tampere, hosted by Finnish presenters Jaana Pelkonen, Heikki Paasonen and Antero Mertaranta. The twelve entries that qualified from the preceding four semi-finals competed and the winner was selected over two rounds of voting. In the first round, the top six from the twelve competing entries qualified to the second round based on the votes of six regional juries. Each jury group distributed their points as follows: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 points. In the second round, "Why?" performed by Geir Rönning was selected as the winner based on the results from the public vote, which were revealed by Finland's five telephone regions along with the SMS voting results. A total of 122,008 votes were cast in the superfinal: 67,257 through telephone and 54,751 through SMS. In addition to the performances of the competing entries, the interval act featured Frederik, 2002 Finnish Eurovision entrant Laura and 2004 Finnish Eurovision entrant Jari Sillanpää.
At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country, the "Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) and the ten highest placed finishers in the 2004 contest are required to qualify from the semi-final on 19 May 2005 in order to compete for the final on 21 May 2005; the top ten countries from the semi-final progress to the final. On 22 March 2005, a special allocation draw was held which determined the running order for the semi-final and Finland was set to perform in position 16, following the entry from Hungary and before the entry from Macedonia. At the end of the semi-final, Finland was not announced among the top 10 entries and therefore failed to qualify to compete in the final. It was later revealed that Finland placed eighteenth in the semi-final, receiving a total of 50 points.
The semi-final and the final were televised in Finland on Yle TV2 with commentary in Finnish by Jaana Pelkonen, Heikki Paasonen and Asko Murtomäki. The three shows were also broadcast on Yle FST with commentary in Swedish by Thomas Lundin as well as via radio with Finnish commentary by Sanna Pirkkalainen and Jorma Hietamäki on Yle Radio Suomi. The Finnish spokesperson, who announced the Finnish votes during the final, was 2004 Finnish Eurovision entrant Jari Sillanpää.
Voting
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Finland and awarded by Finland in the semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Norway in the semi-final and the final of the contest.
Points awarded to Finland
Points awarded by Finland
References
External links
Full national final on Yle Elävä Arkisto
2005
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005
Eurovision
Eurovision |
Kenyon Jones (October 12, 1977 – August 18, 2005) was an American professional basketball player. At 6'10" (2.08 m) tall, he played at the center position. He played four seasons in Greece's top league, the Greek Basket League.
College career
Jones, from Beach High School, in Savannah, Georgia, signed with head coach Todd Bozeman at the University of California, Berkeley. Jones played three seasons for the Golden Bears, averaging 6.0 points and 3.0 rebounds per game as a junior in the 1997–98 season.
Jones then transferred to the University of San Francisco for his senior season. There he averaged 16.5 points and was named West Coast Conference player of the year.
Professional career
After graduation, Jones played four seasons in the Greek top-tier level Greek Basket League, with Panionios, Panathinaikos, and Maroussi. He also played with the Russian club Dynamo Moscow, during the 2003–04 season. Jones was invited to play with the Denver Nuggets NBA Summer League squad in 2005, but he did not make the team.
National team career
Jones was also a part of the senior North Macedonia national basketball team.
Death
Jones died on August 18, 2005, at his home in Atlanta, Georgia. The basketball website Eurobasket.com, reported that he died of a heart attack.
References
External links
FIBA Europe profile
Euroleague profile
1977 births
2005 deaths
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Savannah, Georgia
BC Dynamo Moscow players
California Golden Bears men's basketball players
Centers (basketball)
Macedonian men's basketball players
Maroussi B.C. players
Panathinaikos B.C. players
Panionios B.C. players
San Francisco Dons men's basketball players
STB Le Havre players
Vaqueros de Bayamón basketball players |
Eastlawn Memorial Gardens (a.k.a. City of Lubbock Cemetery) is a cemetery in Lubbock, Texas housing over 60,000 graves.
Notable burials
George Andrew Davis Jr., Korean War Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient
Buddy Holly, musician
Virgil Johnson, singer
Bobby Layne, Hall of Fame Professional football player
References
External links
Cemeteries in Texas
Lubbock, Texas |
The 1934 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College as an independent during the 1934 college football season. The Eagles were led by seventh-year head coach Joe McKenney and played their home games at Alumni Field in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. The team finished with a record of 5–4. At the conclusion of the season, McKenney resigned as head coach, seemingly at the height of his career at 30 years old, to accept a position as assistant director of physical education for Boston Public Schools. McKenney was 44–18–3 while serving as head coach of Boston College.
Schedule
References
Boston College
Boston College Eagles football seasons
Boston College Eagles football
1930s in Boston |
Exchange Place is a modern skyscraper located at the block of 43–53 State Street or 1 Exchange Place, between Congress and Kilby Streets, in the Financial District of Boston, Massachusetts. Built in 1981–1985, it is tied for Boston's 17th tallest building, standing 510 feet (155 m) tall, and containing 40 floors. The glass tower portion rises out of a previous building, the 12-story Boston Stock Exchange, built in 1889–1891 and designed by Peabody and Stearns. The intent was to demolish the older building in order to construct the skyscraper, but preservationists succeeded in rescuing a portion of the Stock Exchange's facade.
Brookfield Office Properties, which had previously purchased the building from Harold Theran in 2006, sold Exchange Place to UBS Realty Investors LLC in 2011. It is home to the Boston Consulting Group, advertising agency Hill Holliday, marketing agency Optaros, software company Acquia, Hachette Book Group, the Macquarie Group, The Blackstone Group, and AllianceBernstein. In June 2017, The Boston Globe moved into Exchange Place from its longtime headquarters on Morrissey Boulevard in Dorchester, Boston.
The original Exchange Building was designated a Boston Landmark by the Boston Landmarks Commission in 1980.
The building is inter-connected by Metro-Boston's district heating system helping it also achieve LEED Platinum and Energy Star Certification for energy conservation.
An Amalgamated Bank branch is at street level, with ATMs located at the intersection of Congress Street and State Street.
Accessibility and transportation
Close to the southwestern corner of the building near the junction of Congress Street with Exchange Place, the building sits directly atop the State Street MBTA station, featuring direct access to the Blue-Line Wonderland-bound platform and by extension the Orange Line.
Bus connections
At the main entrance on Congress Street a number of MBTA bus routes stop adjacent to the building and entrance to State street station. These include local routes to Charlestown, and North Station.
: –Tide Street (Northbound only)
: –Downtown via Main Street
: Sullivan Square station–Downtown via Bunker Hill Street
See also
List of tallest buildings in Boston
References
External links
Exchange Place at Emporis.com
Brookfield Properties buildings
Office buildings completed in 1985
Skyscraper office buildings in Boston |
John Monash (AS 3051) was a cargo ship operated by the Australian Army between 1965 and 1975.
Service history
John Monash was built for the Associated Steamships Co. and was completed in 1955. She was purchased by the Australian Army in 1965 to provide a means of transporting cargo which was unsuitable for the Army's four Landing Ship Medium and was assigned to the 32nd Small Ship Squadron, Royal Australian Engineers. She was also used as a training ship and to supply Army units deployed in South Vietnam. In the later role she completed eleven voyages to South Vietnam between 1965 and 1972. The ship was sold in 1975 to a foreign company.
Notes
References
Cargo ships of the Australian Army
1955 ships
Vietnam War ships of Australia |
Rahul Roushan (born 29 January 1980) is an Indian blogger and businessman. Roushan founded Faking News, a satirical news website, and is the CEO of OpIndia, a right-wing news portal that has been found publishing fake news on multiple occasions. Originally from Patna, he is now based in Mumbai and is an alumnus of Indian Institute of Mass Communication and IIM-A.
He served as the editor of Faking News until 2016 and previously also worked as chief strategy officer for Swarajya, a conservative Indian magazine.
In March 2020, he published his autobiography titled "Sanghi Who Never Went To A Shakha." The book received positive reception from many including Kangana Ranaut, Vivek Ranjan Agnihotri and Madhav Sharma.
Life
Roushan comes from the city of Patna in Bihar. He graduated in Mathematics from Patna University in year 2001, and then received a postgraduate diploma in broadcast journalism from the Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) in New Delhi in 2002. Roushan is also an alumnus of IIM Ahmedabad with a Post Graduate Diploma in Management granted in 2007. Roushan is settled in Mumbai, where he lives with his wife, with who he has a daughter.
Career
After graduating from IIMC, Roushan worked as a copy editor, bulletin producer, and news anchor with the Hindi news channel Sahara Samay for two and a half years. He left journalism to pursue higher studies at IIM Ahmedabad, wherein he turned an entrepreneur.
While still being a student, he had launched crickstock.com, a virtual gaming website, ahead of the 2007 Cricket World Cup. Crickstock.com was later sold off to a US based online gaming company and Roushan chose a freelancing career as management consultant; one of his projects included helping the Bihar government set up a management institute in Patna, in 2008.
In 2008, inspired by the American news satire website The Onion, Roushan started Faking News as a blog and wrote under the pseudonym Pagal Patrakaar (crazy journalist). In 2009, the blog was turned into a full-fledged website. In 2013, Faking News was acquired by Firstpost, a news portal of the Network 18 group, for an undisclosed amount. Roushan went on to serve as its editor till September 2016, when he switched to Swarajya as Chief Strategy Officer.
In November 2018, he became the CEO of a spin-off digital media startup – Aadhyaasi Media & Content Services, which took over the production of OpIndia from Swarajya. Ideologically oriented towards right-wing populism, OpIndia claims to be a fact-checking website, but has published fake news on multiple occasions. In May 2019, the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN), an affiliate of the Poynter Institute, rejected Roushan's application to have OpIndia certified as a fact checker.
Influence
Priyanka Sharma wrote in the Business Standard that several authors followed Roushan's lead to start similar ventures as Faking News, including the founders of newsthatmattersnot.com and The UnReal Times.
References
21st-century Indian journalists
Hindi-language journalists
Indian satirists
21st-century Indian businesspeople
1980 births
Living people |
The 3rd 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 25 July 1954 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.
Final standings
Started: 39
Classified: 23
See also
Messina Grand Prix (auto race that replaced it)
References
External links
Ai fratelli Sgorbati la "10 ore" di Messina at Istituto Luce archive
La 10 Ore di Messina, la storia
10 Hours of Messina |
Saint-Clément-Rancoudray () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintclementrancoudray |
Anthony Oluwakayode Oseyemi (born 17 January 1977) is a British–South African actor of Nigerian descent. He is best known for the roles in the films and teleserials Five Fingers for Marseilles, The Congo Murders and Isidingo. Apart from acting, he is also a writer, musician and producer.
Personal life
He was born on 17 January 1977 in the UK to a Nigerian family. Later he relocated to South Africa, where he received his BA degree in Performing Arts from the University of North London. He completed postgraduate studies in the UK. After the studies, he returned to South Africa and settled there.
Career
He started his acting career on stage as part of Lewisham Youth Theatre. He performed at the London International Festival of Theatre, the Tricycle Theatre and the Albany with Project Phakama. He played the lead role in the play The Amen Corner by James Baldwin. He also co-produced and appeared in the play Performance with Multi media production.
From 2002 to 2003, he had a recurring role in the television series Is Harry On The Boat? He also had guest roles in series including The Bill (2003) and Holby City (2005), and Coming Up (2005). After obtaining a Performing Arts degree, he had lead roles in other TV series including Jacob's Cross, Room 9, Traffick and Isidingo. He also appeared in Wild at Heart, The Runaway, Strike Back, The Book of Negroes and Mzansi Love: Ekasi Style.
In 2017, he played Congo in the South African Western thriller film Five Fingers for Marseilles, directed by Michael Matthews. He also starred in the romantic comedy Hector's Search for Happiness and in the American direct-to-video action film SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines'.
Other than acting, he also wrote the South African television series Tempy Pushas, broadcast on SABC 1. He then wrote the serial Room 9'', which earned him a nomination at the 2014 South African Film and Television Awards Nomination.
Filmography
See also
Survivor (franchise)
References
External links
Living people
1977 births
21st-century South African male actors
Black British male actors
British emigrants to South Africa
People from Alexandra, Gauteng
South African people of Nigerian descent
South African male film actors
South African male television actors |
Safaiyeh is an alternate name of Kahriz Sang, a city in Isfahan province, Iran
Safaiyeh or Safayyeh () may also refer to various places in Iran:
Safaiyeh, alternate name of Tolombeh-ye Safaiyeh, Anar, Kerman province
Safaiyeh, Kermanshah
Safaiyeh, Ravansar, Kermanshah province
Safaiyeh, Khuzestan
Safaiyeh Rural District, in Razavi Khorasan province
Safayyeh, city in Rafsanjan County, Kerman province
Safayyeh Rural District, in Isfahan province |
The 2017 Badminton Asia Junior Championships is the 20th edition of the Asia continental junior championships to crown the best U-19 badminton players across Asia. This tournament was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, between 22 and 30 July 2017. There were 23 countries across Asia competing in this tournament.
Venue
This tournament was held at Jaya Raya Sports Hall Training Center.
Medalists
In the mixed team event, South Korea team clinched the gold medal after upset the host country Indonesia with the score 3–2. Japan and Malaysia share the bronze medals after lose in the semi-final match. In the individual event, China won 2 golds in the girls' singles and boys' doubles. Malaysia, South Korea, and Indonesia won a gold in boys' singles, girls' doubles and mixed doubles respectively.
Team Competition
Final round
Medal table
References
External links
Team Event at Tournamentsoftware.com
Individual Event at Tournamentsoftware.com
Badminton Asia Junior Championships
Asia Junior Championships
Asia Junior Championships
International sports competitions hosted by Indonesia
Badminton Asia Junior Championships
Badminton Asia Junior Championships
July 2017 sports events in Indonesia |
Johanna Antoinette Petronella ("Saskia") van Hintum (born 24 April 1970 in Vught, North Brabant) is a retired female volleyball player and later coach from the Netherlands, who represented her place of origin/ native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, finishing in fifth place.
References
Dutch Olympic Committee
1970 births
Living people
Dutch women's volleyball players
Volleyball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic volleyball players for the Netherlands
People from Vught
Dutch volleyball coaches
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate volleyball players in Italy
Expatriate volleyball players in Germany
Dutch expatriate volleyball players |
Robert Conover "Bob" Macauley (December 11, 1923 – December 26, 2010) was an American businessman who left his paper company to create the charity Americares, which he established in 1982 and which has provided billions of dollars of aid to needy people in crisis situations in countries around the world. Macauley had been aiding South Vietnamese orphans starting in the early 1970s and expanded his personal involvement in philanthropic causes after the 1975 crash of a U.S. military jet evacuating children stranded the survivors and others trying to leave the country.
Biography
Macauley was born on December 11, 1923, in Manhattan. Raised in Greenwich, Connecticut, he attended Phillips Academy and then Yale University, where he shared a room with George H. W. Bush. He served in North Africa with the United States Army Air Corps and earned his undergraduate degree from Yale after completing his military service. He joined his family business and established the Virginia Fibre Corporation in 1972.
Macauley first became involved in major charitable efforts following the Tan Son Nhut C-5 accident in April 1975, in which a United States Air Force Lockheed C-5 Galaxy carrying South Vietnamese orphans as part of Operation Babylift, crashed on landing killing more than 150 and leaving 175 survivors, many of them among the 2,000 children awaiting transportation to the United States in the days before Fall of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces later that month. When he learned that it would take more than a week to evacuate the surviving orphans due to the lack of military transport planes, Macauley chartered a Boeing 747 from Pan American World Airways and arranged for 300 orphaned children to leave the country, paying for the trip by mortgaging his house.
Macauley founded Americares in 1982, a year after he organized shipments of humanitarian aid to Poland at the behest of Pope John Paul II and had organized an airlift to provide medicine to victims of the Lebanese Civil War. Accepting no pay, he served as chief executive officer of the charity until 2002, distributing material collected from companies to people in need in trouble spots around the world.
In 1991, Macauley received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.
A resident of North Palm Beach, Florida, New Canaan, Connecticut and Brewster, New York, Macauley died at the age of 87 at his Florida home on December 26, 2010, due to emphysema. He was survived by his wife Leila, as well as by a daughter, a son, a stepson and four grandchildren.
References
1923 births
2010 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Deaths from emphysema
Businesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut
People from North Palm Beach, Florida
Phillips Academy alumni
United States Army Air Forces soldiers
Yale University alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists |
Soil health is a state of a soil meeting its range of ecosystem functions as appropriate to its environment. In more colloquial terms, the health of soil arises from favorable interactions of all soil components (living and non-living) that belong together, as in microbiota, plants and animals. It is possible that a soil can be healthy in terms of ecosystem functioning but not necessarily serve crop production or human nutrition directly, hence the scientific debate on terms and measurements.
Soil health testing is pursued as an assessment of this status but tends to be confined largely to agronomic objectives, for obvious reasons. Soil health depends on soil biodiversity (with a robust soil biota), and it can be improved via soil management, especially by care to keep protective living covers on the soil and by natural (carbon-containing) soil amendments. Inorganic fertilizers do not necessarily damage soil health if 1) used at appropriate and not excessive rates and 2) if they bring about a general improvement of overall plant growth which contributes more carbon-containing residues to the soil.
Aspects
The term soil health is used to describe the state of a soil in:
Sustaining plant and animal productivity (agronomic focus);
Enhancing biodiversity (Soil biodiversity) (ecological focus);
Maintaining or enhancing water and air quality (environmental/climate focus);
Supporting human health and habitation.
sequestering carbon
Soil Health has partly if not largely replaced the expression "Soil Quality" that was extant in the 1990s. The primary difference between the two expressions is that soil quality was focused on individual traits within a functional group, as in "quality of soil for maize production" or "quality of soil for roadbed preparation" and so on. The addition of the word "health" shifted the perception to be integrative, holistic and systematic. The two expressions still overlap considerably. Soil Health as an expression derives from organic or "biological farming" movements in Europe, however, well before soil quality was first applied as a discipline around 1990. In 1978, Swiss soil biologist Dr Otto Buess wrote an essay "The Health of Soil and Plants" which largely defines the field even today.
The underlying principle in the use of the term "soil health" is that soil is not just an inert, lifeless growing medium, which modern intensive farming tends to represent, rather it is a living, dynamic and ever-so-subtly changing whole environment. It turns out that soils highly fertile from the point of view of crop productivity are also lively from a biological point of view. It is now commonly recognized that soil microbial biomass is large: in temperate grassland soil the bacterial and fungal biomass have been documented to be 1–/hectare and 2–/ha, respectively.
Some microbiologists now believe that 80% of soil nutrient functions are essentially controlled by microbes.
Using the human health analogy, a healthy soil can be categorized as one:
In a state of composite well-being in terms of biological, chemical and physical properties;
Not diseased or infirmed (i.e. not degraded, nor degrading), nor causing negative off-site impacts;
With each of its qualities cooperatively functioning such that the soil reaches its full potential and resists degradation;
Providing a full range of functions (especially nutrient, carbon and water cycling) and in such a way that it maintains this capacity into the future.
Conceptualisation
Soil health is the condition of the soil in a defined space and at a defined scale relative to a set of benchmarks that encompass healthy functioning. It would not be appropriate to refer to soil health for soil-roadbed preparation, as in the analogy of soil quality in a functional class.
The definition of soil health may vary between users of the term as alternative users may place differing priorities upon the multiple functions of a soil.
Therefore, the term soil health can only be understood within the context of the user of the term, and their aspirations of a soil, as well as by the boundary definition of the soil at issue. Finally, intrinsic to the discussion on soil health are many potentially conflicting interpretations, especially ecological landscape assessment vs agronomic objectives, each claiming to have soil health criteria.
Interpretation
Different soils will have different benchmarks of health depending on the "inherited" qualities, and on the geographic circumstance of the soil.
The generic aspects defining a healthy soil can be considered as follows:
"Productive" options are broad;
Life diversity is broad;
Absorbency, storing, recycling and processing is high in relation to limits set by climate;
Water runoff quality is of high standard;
Low entropy; and,
No damage to, or loss of the fundamental components.
This translates to:
A comprehensive cover of vegetation;
Carbon levels relatively close to the limits set by soil type and climate;
Little leakage of nutrients from the ecosystem;
Biological and agricultural productivity relatively close to the limits set by the soil environment and climate;
Only geological rates of erosion;
No accumulation of contaminants; and,
An unhealthy soil thus is the simple converse of the above.
Measurement
On the basis of the above, soil health will be measured in terms of individual ecosystem services provided relative to the benchmark. Specific benchmarks used to evaluate soil health include CO2 release, humus levels, microbial activity, and available calcium.
Soil health testing is spreading in the United States, Australia and South Africa.
Cornell University, a land-grant college in NY State, has had a Soil Health Test since 2006. Woods End Laboratories, a private soil lab founded in Maine in 1975, has offered a soil quality package since 1985. Bost these services combine test for physical (aggregate stability) chemical (mineral balance) and biology (CO2 respiration) which today are considered hallmarks of soil health testing. The approach of other soil labs also entering the soil health field is to add into common chemical nutrient testing a biological set of factors not normally included in routine soil testing. The best example is adding biological soil respiration ("CO2-Burst") as a test procedure; this has already been adapted to modern commercial labs in the period since 2006.
There is however resistance among soil testing labs and university scientists to add new biological tests, primarily since interpretation of soil fertility is based on models from "crop response" studies which match yield to test levels of specific chemical nutrients, and no similar models for interpretation appear to exist for soil health tests. Critics of novel soil health tests argue that they may be insensitive to management changes.
Soil test methods have evolved slowly over the past 40 years. However, in this same time USA soils have also lost up to 75% of their carbon (humus), causing biological fertility and ecosystem functioning to decline; how much is debatable. Many critics of the conventional system say the loss of soil quality is sufficient evidence that the old soil testing models have failed us, and need to be replaced with new approaches. These older models have stressed "maximum yield" and " yield calibration" to such an extent that related factors have been overlooked. Thus, surface and groundwater pollution with excess nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) has grown enormously, and early 2000s measures were reported (in the United States) to be the worst it has been since the 1970s, before the advent of environmental consciousness.
Soil health gap
Importance of soil for global food security, agro-ecosystem, environment, and human life has exponentially shifted the trends of research towards soil health. However, lack of a site/region specific benchmark has limited the research effort towards understanding the true effect of different agronomic managements on soil health. In 2020, Maharjan and his team, introduces a new term and concept "Soil Health Gap" and described how native land in particular region can help in establishing the benchmark to compare the efficacies of different management practices and at the same time it can be used in understanding quantitative difference in soil health status.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Improving Soil pH, Reducing Soil Born Disease and Improving Crop Production
Living Soils (Greenpeace)
NRCS Soil Health and NPK (NRCS)
NRCS Soil Health in Field and Forage Crop Production (NRCS)
WEBINARS on SOIL HEALTH
Soil Health Tool in The Prairie Star
Soil Quality Indicator Sheets
National Look at Groundwater Pollution (USGS)
Land management
Health
Soil science |
Elections to the Highland Council were held on 3 May 2007; the same day as elections to the Scottish Parliament and to the 31 other councils in Scotland. Previous elections to the council had been conducted using the single member plurality system (a.k.a. 'First Past the Post'). Changes implemented by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 meant that future local government elections were to be conducted using the Single Transferable Vote, beginning with those in 2007. The 80 Highland Councillors were now to be elected from 22 wards, returning either three or four members.
The election saw Independent councillors retain their plurality, despite losing a significant number of members, and the Liberal Democrats and Scottish National Party both increasing their representation, with that of the Labour Party decreasing. The Independent and SNP groups subsequently went into coalition to form the Administration of the council.
Election result
Ward results
Incumbent councillors are marked with *
North, West and Central Sutherland
Thurso
Wick
Landward Caithness
East Sutherland and Edderton
Wester Ross, Strathpeffer and Lochalsh
Cromarty Firth
Tain and Easter Ross
Dingwall and Seaforth
Black Isle
Eilean a' Cheò
Caol and Mallaig
Aird and Loch Ness
Inverness West
Inverness Central
Inverness Ness-side
Inverness Millburn
Culloden and Ardersier
Nairn
Inverness South
Badenoch and Strathspey
Fort William and Ardnamurchan
Post-election changes
On 6 May 2007, Badenoch and Strathspey Cllr Gregor Rimell became a Liberal Democrat and ceased to be an Independent
On 26 October 2007, Tain and Easter Ross Cllr Richard Durham became an Independent after leaving the Liberal Democrats
On 12 December 2007, Tain and Easter Ross Cllr Alan Torrance became a member of the Scottish National Party and ceased to be an Independent
On 3 April 2008, Landward Caithness Cllr David Bremner became an Independent, separate from the Administration, after being expelled from the Scottish National Party
In 2008, Wick Cllr Graeme Smith became a member of the Independent Members Group after leaving the Liberal Democrats
On 13 March 2009, North, West and Central Sutherland Cllr Linda Munro became a Liberal Democrat and ceased to be an Independent
On 17 February 2011 Inverness Central Cllr Janet Campbell became a member of the Independent Members Group after leaving the Liberal Democrats.
On 17 February 2011 Culloden and Ardersier Cllr Glynis Sinclair became an Independent after leaving the Liberal Democrats. She joined the Scottish National Party on 24 May 2011
2007-2011 by-elections
Inverness West
On 23 April 2009 the Liberal Democrat's Alasdair Christie won a by-election which arose following the death of former Independent Councillor Jimmy MacDonald on 31 January 2009
Wick
On 7 April 2011 the SNP's Gail Ross won a by-election which arose following the resignation of Independent Councillor Katrina MacNab
Tain and Easter Ross
On 9 June 2011 Independent Fiona Robertson won a by-election which arose following the death of SNP Councillor Alan Torrance
Inverness South
On 3 November 2011 the Liberal Democrat's Carolyn Caddick won a by-election which arose following the resignation of Labour Councillor John Holden
References
2007
2007 Scottish local elections |
Whippersnapper was an English folk band formed in 1984, consisting of Dave Swarbrick (fiddle, mandolin, vocals), Chris Leslie (fiddle, mandolin, vocals), Kevin Dempsey (guitar, vocals) and Martin Jenkins (mando-cello, flute, vocals).
Swarbrick left the group in 1989, and the band continued as a trio until 1993, with the only album recorded that line-up being Stories. During that time, Dempsey and Leslie released an album called Always With You as a duo. The band split when Jenkins left the group in 1993. However, they did tour briefly again in 1994.
Following Swarbrick's recovery from illness, Whippersnapper toured again as a full four piece in both 2008 and 2009.
Martin Jenkins (born 17 July 1946, London, England) died on 17 May 2011, in Sofia, Bulgaria, from a heart attack.
They are not to be confused with the Australian indie rock group, The Whipper Snappers, who coincidentally played during the period 1988 to 1993.
Discography
Promises (1985)
Tsubo (1987)
These Foolish Strings (1988)
Fortune (1990)
Stories (1991)
References
English folk musical groups |
Festliches Nürnberg () is a short 1937 propaganda film chronicling the Nazi Party rallies in Nuremberg, Germany in 1936 and 1937. The film was directed by Hans Weidemann.
Synopsis
The film runs in colour for only 21 minutes (the downloadable version at the Internet archive is monochrome only and has no English translation of the little commentary that exists), containing footage of the 8th and 9th Nuremberg Rallies. Particularly notable scenes of both the rally and the film are images of Albert Speer's lighting techniques during the 9th Nuremberg rally on 10 September 1937, in which he positioned 134 searchlights circling the Zeppelin field on which the rally was taking place. The beams of these spotlights, forming the "cathedral of light", merged into the general glow at an estimated height of 20,000 feet, and would be used for more practical purposes after war was declared in 1939.
The film is relatively short at only about 21 minutes compared with the longer Triumph des Willens and Der Sieg des Glaubens made by Leni Riefenstahl in 1934 and 1933 respectively. It adopts the same heavy style of adoration of Hitler with many scenes of marching SS men and Wehrmacht soldiers as well as navy personnel and flying aircraft overhead. With some prescience, scenes of soldiers parading in tanks and other vehicles (with guns firing) assume great prominence. The film concludes with sequences of folk dances and gymnastic displays, followed by a torchlight parade and a brief speech from Hitler.
Background
Since the formation of the Nazi Party in 1923, annual rallies had taken place at Nuremberg, mainly orchestrated by the Minister for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda Joseph Goebbels. The Nazi party also called upon architect Albert Speer to create a number of spectacles to inspire the German population. The 8th and 9th of these rallies were known as the "Rally of Honor" (Reichsparteitag der Ehre) and the "Rally of Labor" (Reichsparteitag der Arbeit) respectively for 1937 and 1938. The rally for 1939 would be known as the "Rally for Peace" but was postponed indefinitely as war approached in September 1939.
The film followed the much longer Riefenstahl films of 1933 and 1934 and the reason for the smaller movie is not known. Many of the film sequences follow Riefenstahl quite closely, such as the introduction using aerial shots of the city of Nuremberg. The score uses Richard Wagner's Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg for musical accompaniment.
References
External links
Historylearningsite.co.uk
Museen.nuernberg.de
Nazi propaganda films
1937 documentary films
1937 films
Films of Nazi Germany
Nuremberg Rally films
German documentary films
1930s German-language films
German black-and-white films
1930s German films |
Gonbaki County () is in Kerman province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Gonbaki, whose population at the 2016 census was 7,210 people in 1,869 households.
In 2023, Gonbaki District was separated from Rigan County in the establishment of Gonbaki County, which was divided into two districts and four rural districts, with the city of Gonbaki as its capital.
Administrative divisions
References
Counties of Kerman Province |
Walter Newman Haldeman (April 27, 1821 – May 14, 1902) was an American newspaper publisher, owner, and businessman from Louisville, Kentucky, in the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the founder of the Louisville Courier, which would later merge to become Louisville Courier-Journal. He was the founder of the city of Naples, Florida, and the owner of the Major League Baseball team Louisville Grays.
Early life
Walter Newman Haldeman was born on April 27, 1821, in Maysville, Kentucky, to Elizabeth and John Haldeman. He spent his childhood years in Maysville and attended Maysville Academy with future prominent Americans' Ulysses S. Grant, William H. Wadsworth, Thomas H. Nelson, and William "Bull" Nelson under the tutelage of Professor William A. Richardson. At age 16, Haldeman moved with his family to Louisville, Kentucky, where he worked in a grocery store called Rogers & Dunham and commission house. In 1840, Haldeman started his newspaper career in a clerical position at the Louisville Journal, but within a few years he had opened his own bookstore and print shop.
Career
In 1843, Haldeman started the publication of a small newspaper called the Daily Dime. Haldeman renamed the newspaper in 1844 to the Louisville Courier. It was a pro-secessionist newspaper both before and during the Civil War. It was shut down by General Robert Anderson in September 1861, but Haldeman fearing arrest as a traitor, removed to Bowling Green, Kentucky, where he continued publication. After the war, in 1868, the Courier merged with its cross-town rival—the pro-Union Louisville Journal—to form the Louisville Courier-Journal. Haldeman became president of the new corporation. The combined paper is still in circulation and currently owned by the Gannett Company.
Haldeman is also known as the founder of Naples, Florida, and the owner of the Major League Baseball team, the Louisville Grays; a charter member of the National League. His son, John Haldeman, played in one game for the Grays in 1877.
Haldeman shied away from the spotlight, as a New York Times article from May 14, 1902, described him as "a man of unusual force of character, but remarkably modest, so that he resented any form of publicity about himself"; thus providing the spotlight for the Courier-Journal editor, Henry Watterson.
Personal life
Haldeman married Eliza Metcalfe of Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1844. They had six children, one who died in infancy and Lizzie, Isabel, William, Bruce and John.
Haldeman died in Louisville on the morning of May 14, 1902, from peritonitis following an injury from being hit by a street car a week prior.
References
External links
Louisville Courier Journal, The Encyclopedia of Louisville
Louisville Grays, The Encyclopedia of Louisville
Naples, FL history
1821 births
1902 deaths
People from Maysville, Kentucky
Businesspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
American newspaper founders
Courier Journal people
19th-century American businesspeople |
Sam is a 1967 American Western film directed by Larry Buchanan.
See also
List of American films of 1967
External links
1967 films
1967 Western (genre) films
American Western (genre) films
Films directed by Larry Buchanan
1960s English-language films
1960s American films |
Jandiala Assembly constituency (Sl. No.: 14) is a Punjab Legislative Assembly constituency in Amritsar district, Punjab state, India. It includes Jandiala Guru town.
Members of Legislative Assembly
2012: Baljit Singh Jalal Usma, Shiromani Akali Dal
Election results
2022
2017
References
External links
Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India
Amritsar district |
William Helu (born 19 April 1986) is a Tongan rugby union player. His usual position is on the wing or at centre. He is part of the Tonga national rugby union team and was part of the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
Helu was part of the Tongan squad that defeated France in the pool games at the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand. He signed with Bristol on a two-year deal but chose to leave the club for personal reasons after the 2011–2012 season.
He was part of the squad that beat Scotland 21–15 at Pittodrie in 2012. In 2013 he signed with London Wasps together with Taione Vea. where he quickly made a name for himself in the aviva premiership and European Challenge cup. He had some impressive performances for the club which was recognised by his peers and was voted the award for London Wasps players player award for the 2013–2014 season. He played in the 2013 Pacific Nations Cup. In 2015 he was part of the World Cup hosted in the United Kingdom where he played in 3 games, his last international appearance was vs New Zealand All Blacks in Newcastle, the last pool game for Tonga in the 2015 World Cup.
Helu signed a two-year deal with Edinburgh in 2015.
References
External links
Edinburgh Profile
2011 Rugby World Cup Profile
1986 births
Living people
Tongan rugby union players
Tonga international rugby union players
Tongan expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in Italy
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Rugby Roma Olimpic players
Rugby union players from Auckland
Rugby union centres
Wasps RFC players
Bristol Bears players
USA Limoges players
FC Grenoble Rugby players
SCM Rugby Timișoara players
Edinburgh Rugby players
Expatriate rugby union players in Scotland
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Expatriate rugby union players in Romania
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in France
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Tongan expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate rugby union players in Australia
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players
Manly RUFC players |
The men's national under-17 basketball team of the Philippines represents the country in junior men's under-16 and under-17 FIBA tournaments and is governed by the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas. The team is currently being handled by Josh Reyes.
Current roster
2023 FIBA U16 Asian Championship
Philippines roster at the 2023 FIBA U16 Asian Championship:
Competitions
FIBA U-17 Basketball World Cup
FIBA Asia U-16 Championship
SEABA U-16 Championship
Past rosters
2022 FIBA Under-16 Asian Championship
Philippines roster at the 2022 FIBA Under-16 Asian Championship:
2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup
Philippines roster at the 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup:
2018 FIBA Under-16 Asian Championship
Philippines roster at the 5th FIBA Under-16 Asian Championship:
2017 SEABA Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 4th SEABA Under-16 Championship:
2015 FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 4th FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship:
2015 SEABA Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 3rd SEABA Under-16 Championship:
2014 FIBA Under-17 World Championship
Philippines roster at the 3rd FIBA Under-17 World Championship:
2013 FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 3rd FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship:
2013 SEABA Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 2nd SEABA Under-16 Championship:
2011 FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 2nd FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship:
2011 SEABA Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 1st SEABA Under-16 Championship:
2009 FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship
Philippines roster at the 1st FIBA Asia Under-16 Championship:
References
External links
Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas Official Website
under
Men's national under-17 basketball teams |
Duelo de Pasiones (English: Duel of Passions) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Juan Osorio for Televisa. The telenovela based on radionovela Flor del Campo. It premiered on April 17, 2006 and ended on October 27, 2006.
Erika Buenfil, Ludwika Paleta and Pablo Montero starred as protagonists, while Sergio Goyri, Fabiola Campomanes, Alejandro Ávila and Rafael Rojas starred as antagonists. Zaide Silvia Gutiérrez and Ana Martin starred as stellar performances.
Plot
Álvaro Montellano receives a letter addressed for his wife and written by his farmhand, José Gómez. Upon reading it he thinks his wife is in love with the farmhand and was planning to run away. In reality, the letter was meant for his sister Mariana Montellano, who loves José and even has a daughter with him, but Alfonsina, who is still in love with Álvaro, intercepted it and made him believe it was for his wife. Álvaro suffers from a disease called celotipia, caused by a traumatic experience as a child when his father committed suicide after learning his wife had cheated on him with their farmhand.
Consumed by jealousy and hatred toward his wife and her affair, he shuns her and their daughter, Alina, and exiles his wife to another, Sierra Escondida, where she continues to suffer his abuse and humiliation. Believing Alina to be the result of this liaison and not his daughter, Álvaro threatens the life of Alina's mother and forces Alina to live in a cave, leaving her in the care of the local healer, Luba and her son Gaspar, while Soledad. Here, Alina becomes known by the name of 'Flor del Campo'.
To make matters worse, before being taken away by her father, Alina had met Emilio Valtierra, a military officer, at a party. They both had fallen in love and had promised to meet each other in a cafe, a date which Alina never made. His girlfriend, Thelma, looking for Emilio, falls prey to Gaspar, and in a drunken frenzy sleeps with him. Thelma makes Emilio believe she is carrying his child, and he accepts staying with her.
Two years pass and Emilio still believes Alina left him. When he is assigned to a mission on Sierra Escondida, he meets Flor del Campo, and does not recognize her as Alina, due to her simple dress. Álvaro, wanting Alina to suffer, makes Emilio believe she died in an accident. Emilio believes him, and as soon as he sees Flor del Campo (really Alina), he thinks its Álvaro's illegitimate daughter and initially makes her suffer because of what Alina did to him. Pretty soon the couple engages in a Duel of Pasions as they try to fight for their love even though others stand in their way.
Later, Emilio learns that Flor is really Alina after Alina goes into his house to get back her heart necklace which was the one he had given her at the beginning of the story. He tries to take her but she refuses to let him help after being threatened by her father saying that he will kill her mother.
Cast
Main
Erika Buenfil as Soledad Fuentes Montellano
Ludwika Paleta as Alina Montellano Fuentes/Flor del Campo
Pablo Montero as Emilio Valtierra Beltrán
Sergio Goyri as Álvaro Montellano
Fabiola Campomanes as Thelma Castelo de Valtierra
Ana Martín as Luba López
Rafael Rojas as Máximo Valtierra
Alejandro Avila as Orlando Villaseñor
Supporting
Rene Gomez as Gaspar López
José María Torre as Ángel Valtierra Beltrán
Jorge de Silva as José Gómez
Liz Vega as Coral
Alejandra Procuna as Mariana Montellano de Gómez
Joana Brito as Adela
Ana Brenda Contreras as Claudia
Andrew Jacobson as El Jefe
Tania Vazquez as Carla Sánchez
David Ostrosky as Elías Bernal
Isaura Espinoza as Blanca de Bernal
Aída Pierce as Rebeca Castelo
Eduardo Rivera as Hugo Torres
Ximena Herrera as Rosa de Valtierra
Rafael Hernán as Santos Valtierra García
Zaide Silvia Gutiérrez as Vera
Luis Uribe as Jaime
Rafael Valderrama as Granillo
Fernando Robles as Braulio
Jaime Lozano as Rutilio
Carlos Ignacio as Padre Cristobal
Luis Reynoso as Arcadio
Mariana Ríos as Dr. Aída Cortés
Theo Tapia as Dr. Vásquez
Rafael del Villar as Dr. Ricardo Fonseca
Alicia Villareal as Raquel
Humberto Elizondo as Lic. Mauro Peña
Patricia Martínez as Malena
Xavier Ortíz as Rodrigo Ochoa
Ricardo Vera as General Ochoa
Juan Verduzco as Vargas
Nashla Aguilar as Gaby
Flor Procuna as Tina
Awards
References
External links
at esmas.com
2006 telenovelas
2006 Mexican television series debuts
2006 Mexican television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Veracruz
Televisa telenovelas |
The Blue Grey is a cattle hybrid traditional in south-western Scotland and north-western England. It is blue roan in colour, and results from breeding a black Galloway cow to a white Shorthorn bull. It is reared principally as a suckler cow, and is particularly well suited to upland grazing.
History
In south-western Scotland and north-western England, Shorthorn bulls were used from the early nineteenth century on black Galloway cows to produce vigorous hybrid calves. If the bull was white, the calf was blue roan in colour; these were easily recognisable and were much in demand. In the later nineteenth century, selection of the Whitebred Shorthorn was begun specifically to supply white sires for production of these calves.
Characteristics
The Blue Grey is blue roan in colour, and is polled (without horns). Cows have high amounts of body fat compared to other hybrids in similar overall condition, and are able to produce adequate quantities of milk even on poor grazing.
Use
The Blue Grey is used principally as a suckler cow on uplands where grazing is sparse, where cows are nevertheless able to produce adequate quantities of milk for their calves. It has been used for conservation grazing in the Yorkshire Dales, where it grazes more lightly than sheep and is able to survive the winter on the coarse grasses of the limestone hills.
References
Cattle crossbreeds |
The Showcase Showdown was an American band that was a fixture in Boston's punk rock scene in the 1990s. The band toured the Northeast extensively and became notorious for their tongue-in-cheek songs, often about obscure cultural icons from political history, television shows and comic books. Its name was among these references, referring to the "Showcase Showdown," a game play element on the game show The Price Is Right.
Background
Showcase Showdown released only two full-length albums, Appetite of Kings and Permanent Stains. They released much of their work on 7" vinyl singles and cassettes, and were featured on several split EPs including a split with Blanks 77 entitled "Drunk at the Karaoke Bar" featuring duets by mostly inebriated members of both bands.
The lineup of the group consisted of Albert "Ping Pong" Genna on vocals, Victoria Arthur on bass, Tom Cloherty on guitar, and Steve "Chez Nips" Maxwell on drums. Arthur was a medical student at the University of Massachusetts Medical School through much of the band's career, and her husband, Cloherty, was working as a social worker. After Showcase Showdown's breakup, Arthur and Cloherty formed the group The Spitzz.
Reception
Allmusic's review of the album Appetite of Kings noted the influence of the Sex Pistols, along with "aggressive pogo-punk". Critic Sarah Bee of Melody Maker, in a favorable review of the album Permanent Stains, wrote, "These men are in touch with their inner deviants."
Critic Ian D'Giff of Newsday wrote that Showcase Showdown's cover version of the Sex Pistols' song "Friggin' in the Riggin'", from the album Never Mind the Sex Pistols... Here's the Tribute, was "raging", and it "nearly makes up for the album's shortcomings".
Discography
Albums
Appetite of Kings (1996) Elevator Music
Permanent Stains (1999) Damaged Goods Records
Cassettes
Self-titled Tape (1993) Tario Records
6 Foot Sofa (1993) Tario Records
All The Presidents' Heads & Chickens Tape (1994) Tario Records
Vinyl
Showcase Showdown 7" (1993) Tario Records
Chickens 7" (1994) Tario Records
All The Presidents' Heads 7" (1994) Pogostick Records
Christmas 7" (1995) Tario Records
Soothing Moments 7" (1996) Beer City Records
Split w/ Twerps 8" (1997) 702 Records
Assemble Your Own Dictator (split w/ August Spies) 7" (1997) Tario Records
Drunk at the Karaoke Bar (w/ Blanks 77) 7"(1997) Tario Records
We Are Showcase Showdown 7" Picture Disc (1998) Tario Records
Compilation exclusive tracks
"Drano" Runt of the Litter CD (1996) Fan Attic Records
"Forgery" Suburban Voice No. 38 7" (1996) Suburban Voice
"The Devil Speaks French/Here Come the Televampires" I've Got My Friends CD (1996) Flat Records
"Johnny Wont Go To Heaven" Joey Vindictive Presents: That Was Now, This is Then CD (1997) VML Records
"The Only Thing Scary About Halloween Is Your Fucking Face" Songs for the Witching Season 7" (1998) Creep Records
"Get Out" Scene Killer Vol.2 CD (1999) Outsider Records
"Friggin' in the Riggin'" Never Mind the Sex Pistols, Here's the Tribute CD (2000) Radical Records
References
Musical groups from Boston
Punk rock groups from Massachusetts
Oi! groups |
Jody Jeremy Nunley (September 19, 1971 – February 5, 2018) was an American football defensive tackle. After a college career at Alabama, he spent three seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Houston Oilers in the second round of the 1994 NFL Draft.
Personal life and death
Nunley was born to Jody and Edith Nunley in Tullahoma, Tennessee on September 19, 1971. Nunley was a national champion athlete at the University of Alabama and a professional football player in the National Football League. Nunley had two daughters, Karsyn and Raegan, who both attended the University of Alabama, with his wife, Marti Watson, who was a student-athlete on the 1991 National Championship Gymnastics team.
Nunley died suddenly of unknown causes at his home on February 5, 2018, at the age of 46.
References
1971 births
2018 deaths
People from Winchester, Tennessee
Players of American football from Tennessee
American football defensive ends
Alabama Crimson Tide football players
Houston Oilers players
Carolina Panthers players |
She-crab soup is a rich soup, similar to bisque, made of milk or heavy cream, crab or fish stock, Atlantic blue crab meat, and (traditionally) crab roe, and a small amount of dry sherry added as it is plated. It may be thickened either by heat reduction or with a purée of boiled rice; it may also include such seasonings as mace and shallots or onions. The soup is a regional specialty from the South Carolina Lowcountry. It is commonly featured on the menus of many Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia restaurants.
The soup is named for the "she-crab", or female crab, originally a gravid (roe-carrying) crab, as the orange crab roe comprise a chief ingredient in traditional she-crab soup. As with turtle soup, other ingredients may be added to the soup or substituted for others, although crabmeat is found in all versions.
Regulations in Maryland and other states restrict the collection of egg-bearing female crabs.
See also
Partan bree
List of cream soups
List of regional dishes of the United States
List of soups
References
Cream soups
Cuisine of the Southern United States
Crab dishes
Fish and seafood soups |
Survivor România 2023 is the fourth season of the Pro TV incarnation of the competitive reality TV show Survivor România. As with the previous seasons, the season features 24 contestants divided into two tribes: "Faimoșii", composed of twelve high-achievers who excelled in their fields, and "Războinicii", composed of twelve everyday Romanians and was filmed in La Romana, Dominican Republic from January to May 2022.
The season premiered on 9 January 2023 and concluded on 24 May 2023. The winner was 40-year-old Dan Ursa, a regional sales manager from Tășnad, Satu Mare. He defeated Andrei Krișan at the live finale and take the grand prize of €100.000 and title of Sole Survivor. Ursa is the oldest Survivor Romania winner.
Production
Development
Like previous seasons, this fourth season is produced by Acun Media Global. The season was first announced on September 29, 2022. A press release for the show's renewal confirmed that Daniel Pavel would return as a host. Casting began also on September 29, 2022. Online applications opened upon the start of casting and closed on November, 2022. On December 23, 2022, it was announced that the season would premiere on January 9, 2023.
Wildcard
The first member of Războinicii tribe was chosen by a public vote. On 10 October, it was announced that the public would decide the first castaway of the series and the vote was opened for the viewers to choose between four women and four men. The casting was open from 24 October to 1 December.
Mentors
In week 12, right before the merge, former Survivor winners Edmond Zannidache and Alex Delea alongside Elena Chiriac and Oana Ciocan returned as mentors to the castaways. Neither mentor was in contention to win prize.
Contestants
Andreea Moromete was chosen by fans. The Faimoșii tribe was announced by Pro TV on December 15, 2022. Notable cast included kickboxing champion, Ionuț Iftimoaie, former elite gymnast Ștefania Stănilă and Silicon Valley's youngest self-made millionaire, Sebastian Dobrincu. The Războinicii tribe was announced by Pro TV on January 2, 2023.
Six contestants were added later in the game in both tribes. On Week 12, the thirteen remaining players merged into one tribe, named Taíno.
Season summary
Nomination mechanism
The tribe(s) attend Tribal Council to nominate a certain number of players.
Cycle 1 - Cycle 4: There was only one Tribal Immunity Challenge, the losing tribe would have three nominees, one by vote and two chosen by the Individual Immunity winners.
Cycle 5: Two Tribal Immunity Challenges are performed, after each challenge the losing tribe must attend Tribal Council and nominate one of its members by vote. If the same tribe loses both challenges, the Immunity Necklace winners would nominate another member, for a total of three nominees.
Voting history
References
External links
Television shows filmed in the Dominican Republic
2022 Romanian television seasons
Survivor Romania seasons |
Rovt pod Menino () is a dispersed settlement in the hills south of Šmartno ob Dreti in the Municipality of Nazarje in Slovenia. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Sveti Jošt (literally, 'Saint Jodocus') to Rovte pri Nazarjih (literally, 'clearing near Nazarje') in 1955. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. The name of the settlement was changed again from Rovte pri Nazarjih to Rovt pod Menino in 1963.
Churches
The local church built on an isolated hill in the east of the settlement, is dedicated to Saint Josse and belongs to the Parish of Šmartno ob Dreti. It dates to the late 13th and early 14th centuries with some later additions. There is a second church close by. It is dedicated to Saints Gervasius and Protasius.
References
External links
Rovt pod Menino on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Nazarje |
Aaron Michael Gray (born December 7, 1984) is an American former professional basketball player who played seven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). A heart condition forced him into early retirement in 2015.
Early life and education
Gray was born December 7, 1984 in Tarzana, California, and attended Emmaus High School in Emmaus, Pennsylvania.
High school career
Gray played high school basketball for Emmaus High School, which is a member of Pennsylvania's highly competitive East Penn Conference. Gray did not begin playing for the varsity team until the middle of his sophomore season. In Gray's senior season at Emmaus High School, he was named Pennsylvania's Gatorade Player of the Year.
Gray was recruited by major collegiate basketball programs, including Penn State, Pitt, and Rutgers, and committed to Pitt.
College career
While at Pitt, Gray was named a Third Team All-American after helping lead Pitt to the Sweet 16 in the 2007 NCAA Division I tournament in March 2007.
National Basketball Association
At the NBA's pre-draft camp in 2007, Gray was the only player whose height measured at least seven feet without shoes. He was selected with the 49th overall selection by the Chicago Bulls in the 2007 NBA draft.
Chicago Bulls (2007–2010)
On November 2, 2007, Gray made his NBA debut with the Chicago Bulls against the Philadelphia 76ers. On April 16, 2008 against the Toronto Raptors, he recorded 19 points, 22 rebounds, and two assists in 35 minutes of play. In the 2007–08 season, Gray scored 262 points and recorded 168 rebounds for the Bulls.
New Orleans Hornets (2010–2011)
On January 25, 2010, the Bulls traded Gray to the New Orleans Hornets for Devin Brown.
On July 15, 2010, the Hornets re-signed Gray.
Toronto Raptors (2011–2013)
On December 11, 2011, Gray was signed to a one-year contract by the Toronto Raptors.
On July 27, 2012, Gray was re-signed by the Raptors.
On January 28, 2013, Gray recorded a career high 22 points, along with 10 rebounds, in a 114–102 loss to Golden State Warriors.
Sacramento Kings (2013–2014)
On December 9, 2013, the Raptors traded Gray, Rudy Gay, and Quincy Acy, to the Sacramento Kings for Greivis Vásquez, Patrick Patterson, John Salmons, and Chuck Hayes.
Detroit Pistons (2014)
On August 18, 2014, Gray signed with the Detroit Pistons. On September 29, 2014, the Pistons announced Gray would miss training camp while rehabbing from a cardiac episode suffered following a voluntary workout in late August. On October 26, 2014, he was waived by the Pistons.
On June 19, 2015, Gray retired after a blood clot was discovered in his heart in the summer of 2014.
Coaching career
Detroit Pistons (2015–2018)
Following the end of his playing career, Gray joined Stan Van Gundy's staff with the Detroit Pistons as an assistant coach to work with the team's big men and with young prospects of the Grand Rapids Drive, team's NBA G League.
NBA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Chicago
| 61 || 1 || 10.0 || .505 || .000 || .566 || 2.8 || .7 || .3 || .3 || 4.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Chicago
| 56 || 18 || 12.8 || .485 || .000 || .576 || 3.9 || .8 || .3 || .3 || 3.5
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Chicago
| 8 || 0 || 6.3 || .381 || .000 || .286 || 2.0 || .3 || .0 || .0 || 2.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 24 || 0 || 10.9 || .557 || .000 || .857 || 3.8 || .8 || .4 || .5 || 3.6
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 41 || 6 || 13.0 || .566 || .000 || .500 || 4.2 || .4 || .3 || .3 || 3.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Toronto
| 49 || 40 || 16.6 || .516 || .000 || .532 || 5.7 || .6 || .4 || .3 || 3.9
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Toronto
| 42 || 16 || 12.2 || .533 || .000 || .523 || 3.2 || .8 || .2 || .1 || 2.8
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Toronto
| 4 || 0 || 5.0 || .667 || .000 || .500 || 2.0 || .8 || 0 || 0 || 1.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Sacramento
| 33 || 6 || 10.2 || .431 || .000 || .556 || 3.1 || .6 || .3 || .2 || 1.8
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"| Career
| 318 || 87 || 12.1 || .509 || .000 || .562 || 3.7 || .7 || .3 || .3 || 3.4
Playoffs
|-
| align="left" | 2009
| align="left" | Chicago
| 2 || 0 || 4.5 || .000 || .000 || .000 || .5 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0
|-
| align="left" | 2011
| align="left" | New Orleans
| 6 || 0 || 14.5 || .692 || .000 || .375 || 3.5 || .3 || .3 || .3 || 3.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"| Career
| 8 || 0 || 12.0 || .600 || .000 || .375 || 2.8 || .3 || .3 || .3 || 2.6
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Canada
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from California
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
Basketball players from Los Angeles
Basketball players from Pennsylvania
Centers (basketball)
Chicago Bulls draft picks
Chicago Bulls players
Detroit Pistons assistant coaches
Emmaus High School alumni
New Orleans Hornets players
People from Tarzana, Los Angeles
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball players
Sacramento Kings players
Sportspeople from Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
Toronto Raptors players |
Nicolas Florine, born Nikolay Florin (19 July 1891 (Batumi, Georgia, Russian Empire) – 21 January 1972 (Brussels, Belgium)), was a Russian born engineer who settled in Belgium. He built the first tandem rotor helicopter in 1927 - a flying scale model and full size helicopter was built in 1933.
Biography
Nicolas Florine was born to Anatole Victorovich Florin (1856-1936) and Aimee Lioubov (1862-1935) and had a sister Olga (30 oktober 1893 -) and a brother Victor Anatolyevich Florin (7 December 1899 - 1960). He spent his childhood and youth in St. Petersburg, to which his parents had moved in the early 20th century. There, he studied mathematics at the university. He completed his military service in 1914. After the advent of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, Florine took refuge in Germany before returning to the Soviet Union. His family background (of minor Russian nobility) and his status as an engineer trained under the Tsar put him under threat from the communists, from which he fled by raft across the Gulf of Finland to a refugee camp in Helsinki before settling in Belgium in 1920, the only country (of the 26 to which he applied) to accept his asylum application.
Nicolas Florine worked at l'Administration de l'aéronautique, based in the buildings of the Hotel des Monnaies in Saint-Gilles (Brussels). In 1926 he was responsible for initiating the Centre d'aérodynamisme located in Rhode-Saint-Genèse, on the outskirts of Brussels, whose first director was Professor Émile Allard. He was involved in the creation of Belgium's first wind tunnel, together with the initiators, Alfred Renard and Emile Allard. From wind tunnel installations there the Stampe SV.4, by Jean Stampe, a school and acrobatics aircraft used in Belgium, France and many other countries, was begun, as well as the prototype Alfred Renard R.35 tri-motor pressurized airliner. Today, the center has been renamed as the 'von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics'.
The studies Florine performed here in 1926 led to patents related to helicopter control and in particular how to counteract the torque resulting from using two rotors. The results of the studies were published in the article Eléments du calcul de stabilité d'un hélicoptère. Herein, the principle was described of a helicopter with two rotors. These rotors turned in the same direction, in contrast to the current tandem helicopters. In order to counteract the torque, the rotors were angled inwards at 7 to 10° from the vertical. This publication formed the basis of all his designs that would follow.
In 1927 Nicolas Florine received financial support from the Belgian airline SNETA and the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique for the development of a helicopter. This resulted in three prototypes.
The helicopters
The first was built in 1927 and made its first flight in 1929. Nicolas Florine built a helicopter with two rotors in tandem, turning in the same direction. To balance the reaction torques, he used his principle of inclining the axes of rotation of the rotors with respect to each other. After the implementation of scale models, one of which weighed 36 kg and left the ground several times, he built a first device (the "Type I") able to carry a pilot, propelled by a Hispano-Suiza water-cooled engine of 180 CV. In 1930 it was partially destroyed during a static trial following a failure in its mechanical transmission.
The pioneer gave the following description:
In 1931 a second, lighter, design was built, and baptized "Type II". This was largely built at Sociéte Anonyme Avions et Moteurs Renard. It was equipped with an air-cooled 240-hp Renard engine with a vertical axis. Like its predecessor, the Type II was equipped with two tandem rotors (one at the front and one at the rear) rotating in the same direction. In order to balance the reaction torques, the axes of rotation of the rotors were inclined about 7° on either side of the longitudinal axis of the fuselage, laterally (one to the left and the other to the right). Its chassis, made of welded steel tubes, gave it a total working weight of 950 kg, i.e. 60% of the weight of the Type I wooden fuselage.
The aircraft was equipped with magnesium alloy 'elephant legs' as landing gear. This model made many test flights, and eventually set an unofficial record flight duration of 9 minutes and 58 seconds. The flights began on April 12, 1933, and on October 25 of the same year, near the beech forest of Soignes, the aircraft piloted by Mr. Robert Collin, engineer at the Belgian Aeronautics Technical Service, officially beat the record for time in the air of 9 min 58 s. A few months later, in 1934, when tested in Haren the team tried to beat the record of altitude of 18 meters realized in Rome by the machine designed by Ascanio. During the attempt, there was a malfunction of one of the clutches of the transmission, which unbalanced the device which turned and crashed. Robert Collin, very well protected, got away without a scratch. The Florine II made more than thirty test flights between April 1933 and May 1934.
A third model was then built, this time with a twin-engine configuration. The fuselage was lighter while the two Salmson 60 hp engines were placed at the front on either side of the fuselage. The blades of the rotors were folded when stationary. The first flight was made by Collin on 15 September 1936 and tests were carried out until the autumn of 1937. However, the results were disappointing, especially in comparison with the prototype Florine II. In 1937, further development stopped. This helicopter was destroyed during World War II.
Later years
The onset of World War II, with the cost of national rearmament, deprived Florine of a budget. Robert Collin went to the Belgian Congo in 1938 to work in civil engineering until his retirement in 1967. Florine worked on a quadrirotor project until 1949 and remained attached to the Service technique de l'aéronautique (STAé) until his retirement In 1956. He died in Brussels in 1972, aged 81 years.
Nicolas Florine is also known to have devised a system of three lenses coupled to three filters allowing the superposition of colored images. This principle was developed in the 1930s for the projection of films in relief.
An area in the Air and Space section of the Royal Museum of the Army and Military History in Brussels is reserved for Florine; it presents documents (photos, plans, drawings, etc.) as well as a complete wind-tunnel model (scale 1/5) of the Florine IV project, his quadrirotor.
Bibliography
Alphonse Dumoulin, Les hélicoptères Florine, 1920-1950 : la Belgique à l'avant-garde de la giraviation, Fonds national Alfred Renard, Bruxelles, 1999, 216 pages
André Hauet, Les avions Renard, Brussels, Éditions AELR, 1984
Jean Boulet, Histoire de l’hélicoptère racontée par ses pionniers 1907–1956, France-Empire, 1991 (), 264 pages
Ivàn FLORINE, 'L'Explorair', 2011, 120 pages
References
External links
Nicolas Florine, pionnier belge de l'hélicoptère
Soviet emigrants to Belgium
1891 births
1972 deaths
People from Batumi
20th-century Belgian inventors
Russian scientists |
Karalla is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, ponyfishes from the family Leiognathidae which are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Species
There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
Karalla daura (G. Cuvier, 1829) (Goldstripe ponyfish)
Karalla dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835) (Dussumier's ponyfish)
References
Leiognathidae
Taxa named by Prosanta Chakrabarty
Ray-finned fish genera |
Hugh O'Neill (born July 16, 1954) is a retired American soccer player who played professionally in the North American Soccer League, Scottish First Division, American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League.
Early life
Born and raised in Kearny, New Jersey, O'Neill graduated from Essex Catholic High School before playing soccer at the Scots Club, and the University of Bridgeport where he was a 1973 and 1975 All American soccer player.
Playing career
Club
In 1975, O'Neill turned professional with the Hartford Bicentennials of the North American Soccer League.
The following fall, the Bicentennials sent him on loan to Glasgow Rangers F.C. of the Scottish League. The Bicentennials failed to perceive that O'Neill's Roman Catholic faith and his family history of supporting Celtic could present a problem. Despite this, O'Neill played every reserve game that season, except for the games against the Celtic reserves. The Bicentennials became the Connecticut Bicentennials for the 1977 season. The Bicentennials sent him to the Dallas Tornado during the season.
In 1978, he became the first player signed by the Memphis Rogues. He later played for the Carolina Lightnin' of the American Soccer League. In September 1981, he scored the game-winning goal as the Lightnin' took the ASL championship. He continued with the Lightnin' in 1982, but lost part of the season when he returned to New Jersey to be with his dying father. He played the 1980 indoor season with the Cleveland Force of the Major Indoor Soccer League.
International
O'Neill played for the 1976 U.S. Olympic Soccer team during its qualification campaign for the Olympic tournament.
References
External links
NASL stats
1954 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
American expatriate men's soccer players
Essex Catholic High School alumni
People from Kearny, New Jersey
Soccer players from Hudson County, New Jersey
American Soccer League (1933–1983) players
Connecticut Bicentennials players
Rangers F.C. players
Dallas Tornado players
Memphis Rogues players
Carolina Lightnin' players
Cleveland Force (original MISL) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards |
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