text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
The Markham Regional Arboretum () is a natural arboretum located at 1202 La Vista Avenue, Concord, California, United States. The arboretum was founded in and is a work in progress, with most of the site still in a natural state.
History
Ira and "Bee" Markham, the original owners of the property, sold the parcel of land to the city of Concord in 1966. They requested that the area be kept as natural as possible, growing primarily local plants and trees for the area's residents to enjoy.
Markham Nature Park
Located closest to Cowell Road is the Markham Nature Park and Science Center. This park has an old farmhouse, used now as a classroom for GATE (Gifted and Talented Education) students. For one week at a time, GATE students come to the park and learn about the surroundings, and other science related topics. The students go on hikes and learn about the trees and birds, take a day to collect samples from Galindo Creek which flows through the park, and care for the many animals that reside in the Markhams' old farmhouse. The animals range from snakes to mice to turtles, and a toad named "Alligator" who lives in the bathtub. For the night, most of the children receive an assigned animal, taking it home and caring for it.
See also
List of botanical gardens in the United States
External links
Markham Nature Park and Arboretum official site
Botanical gardens in California
Arboreta in California
Concord, California
Protected areas of Contra Costa County, California
Education in Contra Costa County, California |
Rajkumar Thukral is an Indian politician and a former member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Thukral is a member of the Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly from the Rudrapur constituency in Udham Singh Nagar district. He tendered his resignation to the top leadership of the Bharatiya Janata Party on 27 January 2022 after District President of Bharatiya Janata Party. Shiv Arora got ticket from Rudrapur Constituency for Assembly Elections 2022. Shiv Arora won 2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election from 60602 votes.
References
People from Udham Singh Nagar district
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand MLAs 2017–2022
Living people
21st-century Indian politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Yongsheng County () is located in the northwest of Yunnan province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Lijiang. In 2019 the county had a population of 406,757 including 34.42% ethnic minorities.
The Chenghai Lake is located in Yongsheng. Yongsheng has a strong agricultural output consisting especially of fruits including pomegranate, oranges, grapes, mangoes, longan, and Sugar-apple.
Administrative divisions
Yongsheng County has 9 towns and 6 ethnic townships.
9 towns
6 ethnic townships
Ethnic groups
The Yongsheng County Gazetteer (1989:637) lists the following ethnic Yi subgroups. Population statistics are as of 1985.
Shuitian 水田: 12,279 persons in Renhe District 仁和区 (in Xinping 新坪, Huiyuan 汇源, and Xintian 新田); Songping District 松坪区 (in Guangmin 光明 and Yonghong 永红); Taoyuan District 涛源区 (in Jiahe 嘉禾 and Xi'an 西安); Xinaqu District 期纳区 (in Banping 半坪); Xunzhou District 顺州区 (in Ximachang 西马场, Xinhe 新河, and Banqiao 板桥); Pianjiao District 片角区 (in Shuichong 水冲)
Shuitian 水田 (autonym: Naru 纳儒)
Shui Yi 水彝 subgroup (autonym: Naruo 纳若)
Luoluo 倮倮 subgroup (autonym: Xiqima 洗期麻; also called Li 傈/黎)
Taliu 他留 (autonym: Talusu 他鲁苏): 4,489 persons in Shuanghe 双河, Yushui 玉水, Yunshan 云山, and Liude 六德 townships of Liude District 六德区
Lang'e 崀峨 (autonym: Liwusu 里乌苏): 3,490 persons in Lang'e 崀峨 and Jifu 吉福 townships of Xinghu District 星湖区
Xiangtan 乡谈 (autonym: Awupu 阿乌浦, Awudu 阿乌堵): 2,923 persons in Peiyuan 培元, Shuiping 水坪, and Yongle 永乐 townships of Da'an District 大安区
Tagu 他谷 (autonym: Tagupo 他谷泼): 1,200 persons in Dongshan Township 东山乡, Dongshan District 东山区
Tujia 土家 (autonym: Lipa 利帕): 1,165 persons in Shuichong 水冲, Bujia 卜甲, and Sijiaoshan 四角山 townships of Pianjiao District 片角区
Nazan 纳咱 (autonym: Nazansu 纳咱苏): 1,072 persons in Nazan Village 纳咱村, Liude Township 六德乡, Liude District 六德区
Zhili 支里 (autonym: Naruo 那若): more than 300 persons in Xinying Village 新营村, Nanhua Township 南华乡, Beisheng District 北胜区; and in Xianrenhe Village 仙人河村, Dachang Township 大厂乡
Climate
References
External links
Lijiang City Official Site
Further information
County-level divisions of Lijiang |
Gene Winston Walter (born November 22, 1960) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher for the San Diego Padres (-), New York Mets (-), and Seattle Mariners (1988).
On July 18, 1988, Walter set a Mariners record and tied an American League record for most balks in a game with 4.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Appleton Foxes players
Baseball players from Chicago
Calgary Cannons players
Eastern Kentucky Colonels baseball players
Edmonton Trappers players
Louisville Redbirds players
Major League Baseball pitchers
New Britain Red Sox players
New York Mets players
Omaha Royals players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
San Diego Padres players
Seattle Mariners players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tidewater Tides players
Tucson Toros players
Beaumont Golden Gators players
Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players
Walla Walla Padres players |
George Taylor (March 31, 1840 – March 26, 1919) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Lansdowne, Leeds County, Ontario, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Leeds South in the 1882 federal election. A Conservative, he would be re-elected 7 more times until being summoned to the Senate of Canada representing the senatorial division of Leeds, Ontario in 1911. He would sit in the Senate until his death in 1919 after having served in parliament for 37 years.
From 1891 to 1896, he was the Chief Government Whip and from 1901 to 1907 the Chief Opposition Whip.
References
1840 births
1919 deaths
Canadian senators from Ontario
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
People from Leeds and Grenville United Counties |
Sir Edmund Trelawny Backhouse, 2nd Baronet (20 October 1873 – 8 January 1944) was a British oriental scholar, Sinologist, and linguist whose books exerted a powerful influence on the Western view of the last decades of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). Since his death, however, it has been established that the major source of his China Under the Empress Dowager is a forgery, most likely by Backhouse himself.
His biographer, Hugh Trevor-Roper, unmasked Backhouse as "a confidence man with few equals," who had also duped the British government, Oxford University, the American Bank Note Company and John Brown & Company. Derek Sandhaus, the editor of Backhouse's memoirs Décadence Mandchoue, argues that they are also an undoubted confabulation but contain plausible recollections of scenes and details.
Early life
Backhouse was born into a Quaker family in Darlington; his relatives included many churchmen and scholars. In 1918, he inherited the family baronetcy from his father, Sir Jonathan Backhouse, 1st Baronet, a director of Barclays Bank. His youngest brother was Sir Roger Backhouse, who was First Sea Lord from 1938 to 1939. Backhouse told The Literary Digest: "My name is pronounced back'us"
When reflecting on his childhood he wrote that "I was born of wealthy parents who had everything they wanted and were miserable...I heard not a kind word nor received a grudging dole of sympathy..." Backhouse attended Winchester College and Merton College, Oxford. While at Oxford he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1894, and although he returned to the university in 1895, he never completed his degree, instead fleeing the country due to the massive debts he had accumulated.
China
In 1899, he arrived in Peking where he soon began collaborating with the influential Times correspondent George Ernest Morrison, translating works from Chinese to English, as Morrison could not read or speak Chinese. Backhouse fed Morrison what he said was insider information about the Manchu court, but there is no evidence of him having any significant ties with anyone of prominence. At this time, he had already learned several languages, including Russian, Japanese and Chinese. He spent most of the rest of his life in Peking, in the employment of various companies and individuals, who made use of his language skills and alleged connections to the Chinese imperial court for the negotiation of business deals. None of these deals was ever successful.
In 1910, he published a history, China Under the Empress Dowager and in 1914, Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Peking, both with British journalist J.O.P. Bland. With these books he established his reputation as an oriental scholar. In 1913, Backhouse began to donate a great many Chinese manuscripts to the Bodleian Library, hoping to receive a professorship in return. This endeavour was ultimately unsuccessful. He delivered a total of eight tons of manuscripts to the Bodleian between 1913 and 1923. The provenance of several of the manuscripts was later cast into serious doubt. Nevertheless, he donated over 17,000 items, some of which "were a real treasure", including half a dozen volumes of the rare Yongle Encyclopedia of the early 15th century. The Library describes the gift: The acquisition of the Backhouse collection, one of the finest and most generous gifts in the Library's history, between 1913 and 1922, greatly enriched the Bodleian's Chinese collections.
He also worked as a secret agent for the British legation during the First World War, managing an arms deal between Chinese sources and the UK. In 1916 he presented himself as a representative of the Imperial Court and negotiated two fraudulent deals with the American Bank Note Company and John Brown & Company, a British shipbuilder. Neither company received any confirmation from the court. When they tried to contact Backhouse, he had left the country. After he returned to Peking in 1922 he refused to speak about the deals.
Backhouse's life was led in alternate periods of total reclusion and alienation from his Western origins, and work for Western companies and governments. In 1939, the Austrian Embassy offered him refuge, and he made the acquaintance of the Swiss consul, Richard Hoeppli, whom he impressed with tales of his sexual adventures and homosexual life in old Beijing. Hoeppli persuaded him to write his memoirs, which were consulted by Trevor-Roper. Décadence Mandchoue was not published until 2011 by Earnshaw Books., while the memoir dealing with his early life in Europe The Dead Past was finally published in 2017 by Alchemie Books.
Peking, during that period of World War II, was occupied by Imperial Japan, with whom Britain was at war from 1941. By then Backhouse's political views were fascist and he became a Japanese collaborator who wished fervently for an Axis victory that would destroy Great Britain. Backhouse died in the Hospital St Michel in Peking in 1944 aged 70, unmarried, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his nephew John Edmund Backhouse, son of Roger Backhouse. He had converted to Roman Catholicism in 1942 and was buried at Chala Catholic Cemetery near Pingzemen. Apparently regardless of his loyalties he was commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission among its list of British civilian war dead in China.
Accusations of forgery and fabrication
There are two major accusations levelled at Backhouse.
His claim that much of his China Under the Empress Dowager was based on the diary of the high court official Ching-shan (; pinyin: Jǐngshàn), which Backhouse claimed to have found in the house of its recently deceased author when he occupied it after the Boxer Uprising of 1900, is contested.
The authenticity of the diary has been questioned by scholars, notably Morrison, but initially defended by J. J. L. Duyvendak in 1924, who studied the matter further and changed his mind in 1940. In 1991, Lo Hui-min published a definitive proof of its fraudulence.
In 1973 the British historian Hugh Trevor-Roper received the manuscript of Backhouse's memoirs, in which Backhouse boasted of having had affairs with prominent people, including Lord Rosebery, Paul Verlaine, an Ottoman princess, Oscar Wilde, and especially the Empress Dowager Cixi of China. Backhouse also claimed to have visited Leo Tolstoy and acted opposite Sarah Bernhardt.
Trevor-Roper described the diary as "pornographic", considered its claims, and eventually declared its contents to be figments of Backhouse's fertile imagination.
Robert Bickers, in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, calls Backhouse a "fraudster", and declares that he "may indeed in his memoirs have been the chronicler of, for example, male brothel life in late-imperial Peking, and there may be many small truths in those manuscripts that fill out the picture of his life, but we know now that not a word he ever said or wrote can be trusted."
Derek Sandhaus, however, notes that Trevor-Roper did not consult specialists in Chinese affairs, and seems to have read only enough of the text to have been disgusted by its homosexuality. While conceding that Backhouse fabricated or imagined many of these assignations, Sandhaus finds that others are plausible or independently confirmed and he reasons that Backhouse spoke Chinese, Manchu, and Mongolian, the languages of the imperial household, and his account of the atmosphere and customs of the Empress Dowager's court may be more reliable than Trevor-Roper allowed.
Works
China under the empress dowager
Wayback Machine
Notes
References
Edmund Trelawny Backhouse, Derek Sandhaus, ed., Décadence Mandchoue: the China Memoirs of Edmund Trelawny Backhouse (Hong Kong: Earnshaw Books, 2011 ) Amazon Preview
Edmund Trelawny Backhouse, Dr Reinhard Hoeppli, ed., The Dead Past (Alchemy Books, 2017 )The Dead Past
Sir Hugh Trevor-Roper: A Hidden Life - The Enigma of Sir Edmund Backhouse (Published in the US, and in later Eland editions in the UK, as Hermit of Peking, The Hidden Life of Sir Edmund Backhouse) (1976)
"Hugh Trevor Roper on Sir Edmund Backhouse"
Dictionary of National Biography article by Robert Bickers, 'Backhouse, Sir Edmund Trelawny, second baronet (1873–1944)' 2004 Backhouse, Sir Edmund Trelawny, second baronet (1873–1944), Sinologist and fraudster, accessed 4 Jan 2007.
External links
China under the Empress Dowager: Being the History of the Life and Times of Tzu Hsi, by J. O. P. Bland and E. Backhouse
1873 births
1944 deaths
19th-century English LGBT people
20th-century English LGBT people
20th-century English historians
20th-century English memoirists
English Quakers
Forgers
Edmund
English gay writers
2
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
People educated at Winchester College
British sinologists
Academic staff of Peking University
People from Darlington
LGBT nobility
LGBT Christians
Linguists from the United Kingdom
English LGBT scientists
Gay academics
Gay scientists
British collaborators with Imperial Japan
English expatriates in China
Historians of China
British people of World War I
Confidence tricksters |
PBCom Rural Bank, formerly Banco Dipolog, Inc., was the 54th rural bank opened in the Philippines after the enactment of the Rural Banking Act of 1952. The late Justice Florentino Saguin, with the strong support of his son, Atty. Augusto “Tuting” Saguin, originally established it as the Rural Bank of Dipolog, Inc. (RBDI) on October 17, 1957, and opened its welcoming doors to the banking public on November 2, 1957.
History
Rural Bank of Dipolog, Incorporated (1957 to 2010)
Banco Dipolog started in 1957 by Justice Florentino Saguin who retired from government service due to his various capacities. Having his retirement funds, he was given an option together with his son Augusto G. Saguin if they would investing a lot in Makati City, or to put up his funds for the establishment of a Rural Bank in Dipolog. Florentino said to his son, ”I want to spend what little time I have left and what little resources I possess for the benefit of the small people from where I came.” And so the decision was final.
Complying with all the requirements of the Central Bank and the Securities and Exchange Commission the Rural Bank of Dipolog, Inc. was granted its charter in October 1957 and was inaugurated on November 2, 1957.
They started with a “paid in capital” of only Php 50,000. with a rented office at the Lacaya Building which was the only concrete building of consequence in Dipolog at the time. Justice Florentino Saguin was the first Bank President. His only previous exposure at finance was as Chairman of the Mindanao Emergency Currency Board which printed and issued Emergency Money for the use of the Guerrilla movement in Mindanao and to support the local economy during the war. This was the so-called “Saguin Money”.
They started with a manpower of only three people with Augusto as the Manager, Mrs. Gregoria Espiritu, CPA as the Bookkeeper – Accountant, and Mrs. Araceli Zapanta as Cashier – Teller. The workings and methods of Rural Banking then were so simplified and was so designed for untrained folks to do in the rural areas.
In 1965, Justice Florentino Saguin died and the management was passed on to his wife, Doña Consuelo Galleposo Saguin. Doña Consuelo spent the last ten years of her life in proficiently nurturing the viability of the bank at its early growth stage until a fine – tuned change of leadership was experienced by the bank after her death.
In June 1975, following the death of Doña Consuelo, the son who then became an attorney, Atty. Augusto Saguin, formally took his sublime oath as chairman and President. At his management, the bank was cited by Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas as the Top Rural Bank for Region IX in 1989.
RBDI expanded in the 1990s. In 1998, a branch in Dapitan opened on January 8, then in Sindangan on July 8. In 2000, it started offering its consumer loan products as such as their microfinance which they dubbed as “TIGUM” (Visayan: to collect) or “Tubag sa Gikinahanglan Ug Magmalambuon” (Visayan: A solution for the needy abound) loan product. At that time it was the first and only accredited rural bank of the Microenterprise Access to Banking Services (MABS) within the province. More branches and “other banking offices” were later opened within the provinces of Zamboanga Sibugay, Misamis Occidental and Zamboanga del Sur.
In 2009, Atty. Augusto G. Saguin pass the management to Mr. Jude Martin Raymund B. Saguin whom was elected as the President and chairman of the board of directors. The granddaughter of Atty. Saguin, Ms. Ma. Katrina Francesca S. Herrera was designated as the Vice President for Administration and Finance.
Banco Dipolog, Incorporated (2010 to 2018)
On April 17, 2010, the name Rural Bank of Dipolog was rebranded to what is now the Banco Dipolog, Inc. As of September 30, 2010, RBDI ranks 14th in terms of total capital, 29th in terms of total gross loan portfolio and 42nd in terms of total assets among over 600 rural banks.
PBCom Acquisition
In 2014, The Philippine Bank of Communications (PBCOM) signed a memorandum of agreement with the Controlling Stockholders of Banco Dipolog. The agreement will give PBCOM a majority stake of Banco Dipolog, subject to the Central Bank's approval. PBCOM President and CEO Nina D. Aguas said that PBCOM's investment in Banco Dipolog will allow PBCOM to strengthen its presence in Mindanao, while bringing Banco Dipolog's client base an expanded suite of products and services that PBCOM offers as a commercial bank.
Producers Bank acquisition (2018 to 2019)
In 2018, Banco Dipolog, Inc. is officially renamed as PBCom Rural Bank.
In 2019, Producers Savings Bank Corporation acquired ninety-nine point ninety-eight percent (99.98%) of PBCom Rural Bank's stock capital making the rural bank a fully owned subsidiary until it is merged with Producers Bank.
Branches
To date, they have 16 branches and 9 Branch Lites, nationwide:
Dipolog (Main Office)
Dapitan
Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte
Ipil, Zamboanga sibugay
Pagadian City
Dumaguete
Cebu City
Ozamiz City
Cagayan de Oro
Iligan City
Valencia City, Bukidnon
City of Calamba, Laguna
Los Baños, Laguna
Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay
Nagcarlan, Laguna
San Pablo, Laguna
Branch Lites
Mandaue City, Cebu
Aurora, Zamboanga del Sur
Calamba, Misamis Occidental
Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte
Manukan, Zamboanga del Norte
Manukan, Zamboanga del Sur
Oroquieta City
Piñan, Zamboanga del Norte
Siayan, Zamboanga del Norte
See also
Producers Bank
List of banks in the Philippines
References
Banks established in 1957
Banks of the Philippines
Companies based in Dipolog
Privately held companies of the Philippines |
George Davies (February 1900 – November 1942) was an English professional footballer who scored 18 goals in 92 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham and Southend United.
Davies was born in Wellington, Shropshire. He played football for Wellington St George's and Ironbridge and made guest appearances for Wrexham during the First World War, before joining Birmingham of the Football League Second Division in 1918; he was recommended to the club by Birmingham player Jack Elkes, who came from the same area. He made his debut in a 2–0 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers on 15 November 1919, and played regularly in the second half on that season. The following season, he lost his place to Ted Linley, but returned for the last eight games of the 1920–21 season to score five goals and help the club to the Second Division title. Davies played only three games in the First Division, and had a brief spell with Wellington Town before signing for Southend United of the Third Division South in June 1922. After 13 goals from 70 games in all competitions for Southend, Davies returned to Wellington Town at the end of the 1923–24 season. In June 1934 he was appointed to the club's committee.
References
1900 births
1942 deaths
People from Wellington, Shropshire
English men's footballers
Men's association football outside forwards
Wellington St George's F.C. players
Ironbridge F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
English Football League players
Place of death missing
Footballers from Shropshire |
Vasco Fernandes (c. 1475 – c. 1542), better known as Grão Vasco ("The Great Vasco"), was one of the main Portuguese Renaissance painters.
Life
According to local tradition, the painter Vasco Fernandes, known as Grão Vasco (the Great Vasco) from the 17th century onwards, was born somewhere in the area around Viseu, but there is no document recording his place or date of birth, nor the names of his parents. The oldest chronological reference to his name, dating back to the financial year of 1501–1502, refers to him as already married and working as a painter in Viseu, which allows us to infer that he was born around 1475. Between the end of 1542 and the beginning of the next year, as is indirectly confirmed by some documents, he died in this same city, leaving behind a widow and two daughters.
To help us reconstruct his family background, as well as his economic and artistic life, there are roughly fifty written documents, mostly kept at the Viseu District Archives and the Torre do Tombo, in Lisbon. Through these documents, and through the presence of some paintings that have remained in places of worship until the present day, it is known that he worked for the bishops of Viseu and Lamego, namely for the two cathedrals, and for important convents and monasteries in the Douro and Beiras regions, such as Santa Maria de Salzedas, São Francisco de Orgens and Santa Cruz de Coimbra.
Influences and style
As there is no biographical document dating back to that period, the precise place where he learned the art of painting is not known. However, considering that there was no grand master who preceded him in Viseu and that he was on friendly terms with Jorge Afonso, the official painter of Dom Manuel I, it is quite likely that he learned his skills in Lisbon, just like the other painters who studied and plied their trade there.
The basis for identifying the creative process of the grand master of the Portuguese Renaissance, or the works that are definitely known to have been produced by Grão Vasco, are the two paintings that he signed – the Lamentation with Franciscan Saints, dating from roughly 1520, known as the Cook Triptych because it was sold to an English collector, which is currently to be found at the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, and the altarpiece with the theme of Pentecost, painted in 1535, which is kept at the sacristy of the Igreja de Santa Cruz de Coimbra – as well as the five panels remaining from the former altarpiece of the chancel of Lamego Cathedral, exhibited in the museum of that city, and the magnificent Saint Peter of this collection, painted around 1529 for Viseu Cathedral. Starting from this safe base, it is possible to include another thirty-three panels in his creative universe, or in other words it is possible to identify Grão Vasco's participation and individual involvement in a total of forty-one paintings, even though some of them are the result of a work of collaboration, as is the case with the fourteen panels of the cathedral's former altarpiece.
As far as the course of our master's aesthetic development is concerned, it can be said that it evolved from markedly Nordic influences – clearly evident in the altarpiece from Viseu Cathedral, where he worked with painters of Flemish origin – to Italianate influences. A decisive event in his artistic development was the arrival of Dom Miguel da Silva from Rome to take over as bishop of Viseu (1525-1540). This was the patron who, amongst other works, commissioned from him the five great altarpieces for the cathedral, one of which was Saint Peter.
Working with a highly personalised and easily characterisable artistic language, which can be defined by his use of a darker palette than the other Portuguese painters of his time, yet nonetheless one that had infinite gradations of tone, his sensitive use of light fundamentally to represent space in depth and to spatialise the form, the extraordinary plasticity of the fabrics, the powerful characterisation of the faces and the dramatic involvement of the figures, the realism and minute descriptive detail of scenarios and ornaments, habitually making use of simple objects from family life, Grão Vasco is a central and deservedly major figure in the history of Portuguese painting.
Legacy
The economic importance of the dioceses of Viseu and Lamego, the social, political and cultural prestige of their bishops, members of the prime nobility and advisers to the king, the region's powerful religious centres, the success enjoyed by painting at the time, and, of course, the painter's artistic merit, all these factors enabled his workshop to be transformed into one of the country's most important centres of production. In fact, after 1520, besides Vasco Fernandes, there were various painters active in Viseu, related both professionally and by ties of kinship, who followed his artistic development closely. The most important of these was the Viseu-born Gaspar Vaz, who frequently worked as his collaborator.
Artworks
Namesakes
A line of Portuguese wines are labelled with his masterpiece under the name Grão Vasco.
References
http://www.masterworksartgallery.com/FERNANDES-Vasco
Sources
External links
Paintings by Vasco Fernandes in Six Centuries of Portuguese Painting website.
Year of death unknown
1470s births
1540s deaths
People from Viseu
Portuguese Renaissance painters
15th-century Portuguese painters
Painters |
Taiwan and the World Health Organization have a complicated history due to Taiwan's relationship with China.
History
Ever since United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 recognising the People's Republic of China (PRC) as "the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations" and removing "the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek" from the United Nations, Taiwan lost its UN seat and the PRC has blocked it from participation in UN-affiliated entities.
Taiwan's participation in the World Health Organization was as an observer in the World Health Assembly from 2009 to 2016, under the designation "Chinese Taipei". China, which claims Taiwan as its own territory, blocked it from participating in the assembly following the election of pro-Taiwanese independence Tsai Ing-wen as president in 2016. Due to Taiwan's successful response to the COVID-19 pandemic, its inclusion in the WHO gained international attention in 2020, with strong support from the United States, Japan, Germany and Australia.
On December 31, 2019, Taiwan's government expressed concerns to the World Health Organization (WHO) about the virus's potential for human-to-human transmission, but received no reply. The WHO instead endorsed China's denial of human-to-human transmission until January 21, when China confirmed it. Having experienced the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak, Taiwan immediately adopted vigorous measures for screening, testing, contact tracing, and enforcing quarantines, in what was widely considered a successful pandemic response.
In February 2020, Taiwan became more vocal about its exclusion from World Health Organization meetings.
In an April 2020 interview, Assistant Director-General Bruce Aylward appeared to dodge a question from RTHK reporter Yvonne Tong about Taiwan's response to the pandemic and inclusion in the WHO, saying he couldn't hear her and asking to move to another question. When the video chat was restarted, he was asked another question about Taiwan. He responded by indicating that they had already discussed China and formally ended the interview. The incident led to accusations about the PRC's political influence over the international organization.
In May 2020, Taiwan rejected China's main condition for it to be able to part of the World Health Organization, that it accept that is part of China.
In May 2023 two reporters from Taiwan's Central News Agency were denied access to the World Health Assembly. The exclusion of Taiwanese journalists was criticized by international journalists organizations and the Taiwanese government.
See also
China and the United Nations
Political status of Taiwan
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758
References
Foreign relations of Taiwan
World Health Organization
COVID-19 |
Amina Alaoui (; born 1964) is a Moroccan interpreter of Andalusian classical music. She sings in Arabic, Classic Persian, Haketia, Spanish, and Portuguese.
Amina was born in 1964 in an aristocratic family in Fez, Morocco. At the age of six, she started to learn Andalusi classical music in her own family environment. She learned to play the piano and was initiated in European classical music by the conductor Mohamed Abou Drar. Amina also studied at the conservatory of Rabat from 1979 to 1981 with Ahmed Aydoun and Mohammed Ouassini and studied modern dancing with Marie-Odile Loakira and classic dancing with Vera Likatchova.
Amina went to school at Lycée Descartes and studied philology and Spanish and Arabic linguistics at the University of Madrid and the University of Granada.
Andalusian classical music
While studying in Granada, Amina did research on Arab-Andalusian and oriental music and specialized in Andalusian classical music, specifically in the gharnati (Arabic for "of Granada") style of music. She moved to Paris in 1986, where she continued her practical studies of gharnati music with Rachid Guerbas and Ahmed Piro. There she also studied European Medieval music with Henri Agnel and Persian classical music with Djalal Akhbari. In 2011 she released Arco Iris (ECM), which bridged musical traditions of Portuguese fado, Spanish flamenco, and Persian and Arab-Andalusi classical music.
Discography
Gharnati:Musique arabo-andalouse du Maroc (1995)
Alcántara (1998)
Gharnati: En Concert (2009)
Siwan (ECM, 2009) with Jon Balke
Arco Iris (2011, ECM)
Collaborations
Lluís Llach: Un Pont de Mar Blava (1993)
Rachid Taha: Diwan (1998)
Music From The Heart of the World: Sounds True Anthology (2000)
Women's Sacred Chants (2003)
Rachid Taha: Diwan Live in Concert (2005)
References
1964 births
20th-century Moroccan women singers
21st-century Moroccan women singers
Living people
People from Fez, Morocco |
The Power and the Prize is a 1956 American drama film directed by Henry Koster and starring Robert Taylor, Elisabeth Muller, Burl Ives, Mary Astor and Cedric Hardwicke. It was produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The screenplay was written by Robert Ardrey, adapted from the 1954 novel The Power and the Prize by Howard Swiggett. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1957 for costume design.
Plot
Although he is scheduled to wed his boss George Salt's niece that weekend, Amalgamated World Metals vice chairman Cliff Barton is sent to London to conduct a business deal that will enrich the firm. Salt considers him a protege and intends to turn over control of the company to Barton someday, insisting to him that business always comes first.
Cliff must hide the fact from Mr. Carew, who runs the British company, that Salt intends to unscrupulously assume control of the company rather than simply merge with it. While following through on Mrs. Salt's request to drop by her pet London-based charity, Cliff learns that it is operated by an Austrian refugee, and former Nazi concentration camp prisoner, named Miriam Linka.
Although his loyalties are with the company, Cliff wants no part of betraying Carew's trust. He also, against all odds, falls in love with Miriam and persuades her to return to America with him to be married. Salt angrily tries to spin the guilt so that it appears Cliff was the one defrauding the British, while accusations fly that Miriam is not only a prostitute but a Communist as well. Cliff is prepared to resign his position rather than give up Miriam, but board member Guy Elliot has investigated Miriam and clears the rumors about her with an Army Intelligence report. Elliot then presses Salt to retire, making Barton chairman as was always planned. Barton is made chairman and leaves on a honeymoon with Miriam.
Cast
Robert Taylor as Cliff Barton
Elisabeth Muller as Miriam
Burl Ives as George Salt
Mary Astor as Mrs. Salt
Cedric Hardwicke as Carew
Charles Coburn as Guy Elliot
Niki Dantine as Joan Salt
Cameron Prud'Homme as Rev. John Barton
Richard Erdman as Lester Everett
Ben Wright as Mr. Chutwell
Jack Raine as Mr. Pitt-Semphill
Thomas Browne Henry as Paul F. Farragut
Richard Deacon as Howard Carruthers
Tol Avery as Dan Slocum
John Banner as Mr. Ruloff
John Zaremba as Fred Delehanty
Violet Rensing as Berta
Leslie Parrish as Telephone Operator
Reception
According to MGM records the film earned only $570,000 in the US and Canada and $500,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $883,000.
See also
List of American films of 1956
References
External links
1956 films
CinemaScope films
Films directed by Henry Koster
Films with screenplays by Robert Ardrey
1956 drama films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films scored by Bronisław Kaper
American black-and-white films
Films set in London
Films based on American novels
1950s English-language films
American drama films |
Kamengrad may refer to:
Kamengrad Fort, a medieval ruin near Sanski Most, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Donji Kamengrad, a village near Sanski Most, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gornji Kamengrad, a village near Sanski Most, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Kamengrad coal mine, a coal mine in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Andrićgrad, a construction project in Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Attila Schneider (14 April 1955 – 7 July 2003) was a Hungarian chess International Master (1984). He was a Hungarian Chess Championship twice winner (1982, 1989) and a European Team Chess Championship bronze medalist (1983).
Biography
In the 1980s Attila Schneider was one of the top Hungarian chess players. He competed many times in the finals of the individual Hungarian Chess Championships and twice in 1982 and 1989 won gold medals.
His successes in international chess tournaments include: in Delmenhorst (1986, shared 3rd place), Hamburg (1987, HSV, 1st place), as well as many times in Budapest (1981, Elekes mem-A, shared 1st place, 1987, Noviki-C, shared 1st place, 1991, Escom IM-B, shared 2nd place, 1991, Cansys IM-B, 1st place, 1993, Budapest FS07 IM-A, shared 2nd place, 1993, Budapest FS09 IM-A, shared 2nd place, 1997, Budapest FS08 IM, shared 1st place, 1999, Budapest FS04 IM-B, 1st place, 2002, Budapest FS09 IM-B, 2nd place.).
Attila Schneider played for Hungary in the European Team Chess Championship:
In 1983, at first reserve board in the 8th European Team Chess Championship in Plovdiv (+3, =1, -1), and won team bronze medal.
Attila Schneider played for chess club Spartacus Budapest in the European Men's Chess Club Cups:
In 1982, in the 3rd European Chess Club Cup (+3, =1, -0) and won team tournament,
In 1984, in the 4th European Chess Club Cup (+0, =4, -2),
In 1986, in the 5th European Chess Club Cup (+3, =1, -2).
In 1984, Attila Schneider was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title. The highest chess ranking in his career was reached on January 1, 1987, with a score of 2445 points he was ranked 15th among Hungarian chess players at the time.
Chess writer
Attila Schneider chess literary activity is also very rich. His first work, written with László Sápi, is The Dragon's Path. After that, several successful books were published, in addition to which he also launched his trilingual website, the Chess Clinic.
Journey of the Dragon I-IV
The semi-open openings
Semi-Open Games, Caissa Chess Books, Kecskemét, 2003
The art of matting
The treasure house of openings - Open openings 1. e4 e5., Caissa Chess-Könyvkiadó, Kecskemét, 2002
The romance of chess, Kalandor publishing house, 2004. ISBN 963-955-710-2
The Sicilian Defense I.
The Sicilian defense II., Caissa Kft., Kecskemét (2004)
Chess cafe - Open: from 2 moves to 10, Caissa Kft., Kecskemét, 1999
References
External links
1955 births
2003 deaths
Sportspeople from Budapest
Chess International Masters
Hungarian chess players
Hungarian chess writers |
Noble Academy is an independent day school in Greensboro, North Carolina. The school exclusively serves students with diagnosed learning disabilities or learning differences such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia or Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). Noble Academy's mission is to empower students with learning differences to pursue their highest potential within a comprehensive, supportive educational environment.
History
Noble Academy was founded in 1987 under the name "Unlimited Learning" by Ginger Parnell and Rita Rice as a testing and tutorial service in Greensboro. In 1990, the school changed its name to Guilford Day School and adopted the Knight as the school mascot. In 1992, the school relocated to its current property on Horse Pen Creek Road. In 2010, the school went through a re-branding process that recommended that the school change its name. Based on feedback from students and parents, the Knight was kept as the school mascot, and the name was changed to Noble Academy to align with that symbolism. In 2012, Noble Academy opened a new building for its Upper School (6th–12th grades), allowing its Lower School to expand within the previous building. The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Independent Schools.
Programs
In addition to its college prep curriculum following the North Carolina standard course of study, Noble Academy offers a variety of opportunities to its students:
Noble Academy is a SMART Showcase school, and has SMART interactive whiteboards in all of its classrooms. The technology is used extensively within the classroom.
Noble Academy is a full day school program that includes visual and performing arts as electives as well as extracurricular activities and a year-round athletics program. Sports offered include soccer, basketball, volleyball, golf, cross country, flag football, and eSports.
References
Schools in Greensboro, North Carolina |
The 1961–62 season was Cardiff City F.C.'s 35th season in the Football League. They competed in the 22-team Division One, then the first tier of English football, finishing twenty-first, suffering relegation to Division Two. The 1961–62 season remained the last time Cardiff City appeared in the top tier of the English league system until promotion to Premier League after the 2012–13 season.
Players
League standings
Results by round
Fixtures and results
First Division
League Cup
FA Cup
Welsh Cup
See also
Cardiff City F.C. seasons
References
Welsh Football Data Archive
Cardiff City F.C. seasons
Card
Card |
Montricher is a municipality of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland, located in the district of Morges.
History
Montricher is first mentioned in 1049 as Mons Richarius. In 1301 it was mentioned as Montricher.
Geography
Montricher has an area, , of . Of this area, or 38.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 57.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 3.0% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.7% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 53.9% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 17.3% is used for growing crops and 9.4% is pastures and 11.6% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality was part of the Cossonay District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Montricher became part of the new district of Morges.
The municipality is located in the forested foothills of the Jura Mountains. The municipality includes the peak of Mont Tendre, which is the highest peak in the Swiss Jura Mountains. It has an elevation of .
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, in Chief Gules three Escallops Or.
Demographics
Montricher has a population () of . , 8.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 14.9%. It has changed at a rate of 11.4% due to migration and at a rate of 3% due to births and deaths.
Most of the population () speaks French (642 or 92.2%), with German being second most common (25 or 3.6%) and English being third (11 or 1.6%). There are 6 people who speak Italian.
Of the population in the municipality 247 or about 35.5% were born in Montricher and lived there in 2000. There were 266 or 38.2% who were born in the same canton, while 96 or 13.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 87 or 12.5% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 5 live births to Swiss citizens and were 5 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens remained the same while the foreign population decreased by 1. At the same time, there were 3 non-Swiss men and 7 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 3 and the non-Swiss population increased by 8 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.4%.
The age distribution, , in Montricher is; 95 children or 11.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 125 teenagers or 15.5% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 59 people or 7.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 114 people or 14.1% are between 30 and 39, 143 people or 17.7% are between 40 and 49, and 99 people or 12.3% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 97 people or 12.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 43 people or 5.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 31 people or 3.8% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 2 people or 0.2% who are 90 and older.
, there were 292 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 341 married individuals, 28 widows or widowers and 35 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 290 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.3 persons per household. There were 98 households that consist of only one person and 20 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 295 households that answered this question, 33.2% were households made up of just one person. Of the rest of the households, there are 87 married couples without children, 90 married couples with children There were 13 single parents with a child or children. There were 2 households that were made up of unrelated people and 5 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 108 single family homes (or 50.5% of the total) out of a total of 214 inhabited buildings. There were 49 multi-family buildings (22.9%), along with 46 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (21.5%) and 11 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.1%). Of the single family homes 46 were built before 1919, while 8 were built between 1990 and 2000. The most multi-family homes (28) were built before 1919 and the next most (6) were built between 1971 and 1980.
there were 333 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 103. There were 11 single room apartments and 101 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 286 apartments (85.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 31 apartments (9.3%) were seasonally occupied and 16 apartments (4.8%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.86%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 23.11% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (22.04%), the FDP (19.83%) and the Green Party (16.64%). In the federal election, a total of 280 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 52.8%.
Economy
, Montricher had an unemployment rate of 3.8%. , there were 61 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 26 businesses involved in this sector. 14 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 9 businesses in this sector. 122 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 27 businesses in this sector. There were 386 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.5% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 157. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 47, of which 35 were in agriculture and 12 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 13 of which 4 or (30.8%) were in manufacturing and 9 (69.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 97. In the tertiary sector; 35 or 36.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 2.1% were in the movement and storage of goods, 10 or 10.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 11 or 11.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 26 or 26.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 8 or 8.2% were in education.
, there were 44 workers who commuted into the municipality and 245 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 5.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 7% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.7% used a private car.
The municipality is served by a station on the Bière–Apples–Morges railway.
Religion
From the , 99 or 14.2% were Roman Catholic, while 430 or 61.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 36 individuals (or about 5.17% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 individuals (or about 0.29% of the population) who were Jewish, and 3 (or about 0.43% of the population) who were Islamic. 133 (or about 19.11% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7 individuals (or about 1.01% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Montricher about 301 or (43.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 81 or (11.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 81 who completed tertiary schooling, 53.1% were Swiss men, 38.3% were Swiss women and 6.2% were non-Swiss women.
In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 122 students in the Montricher school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 631 children of which 203 children (32.2%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 59 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 63 students in those schools.
, there were 26 students in Montricher who came from another municipality, while 78 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
Municipalities of the canton of Vaud |
Charles Simonton may refer to:
Charles Bryson Simonton (1838-1911), member of the United States Congress
Charles Henry Simonton (1829–1904), United States federal judge |
Triund is a small hill station in the Kangra district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Triund is a part of Dharamkot. Triund is at the foot of the Dhauladhar ranges and is at a height of .
See also
List of hill stations in India
Dharamshala
McLeodGanj
Kangra district
References
Government website
Genuine website
Other websites
Villages in Kangra district
Hill stations in Himachal Pradesh
Dharamshala |
Amalda danilai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ancillariidae.
Description
Distribution
First noted in 1996, at the Saya de Malha Bank, Western Indo-Pacific realm.
References
danilai
Gastropods described in 1996 |
The Asa Lincoln House is a historic house located at 171 Shores Street in Taunton, Massachusetts.
Description and history
The simple vernacular house was built in about 1760, and is locally significant for its status as the original homestead of Asa Lincoln, one of Taunton's first settlers. The asymmetrically bayed, -story house features a central chimney, entrance and 6/6 sash windows that are irregularly spaced. The small house is next door to a newer, larger (non-NRHP listed) 18th century house located 173 Shores Street, that has been added on to.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1984. Since that time, the historic house has been significantly altered with three large dormers added to the upper level. A new garage has also been constructed on the property.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Taunton, Massachusetts
References
National Register of Historic Places in Taunton, Massachusetts
Houses in Taunton, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Bristol County, Massachusetts |
Adam Jason Archuleta (born November 27, 1977) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Arizona State Sun Devils, and was selected in the first round of the 2001 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Rams with the 20th overall pick.
After five seasons with the Rams, Archuleta played a season each for the Washington Redskins and Chicago Bears, and was in camp with the Oakland Raiders in 2008.
High school years
Born in Rock Springs, Wyoming, Archuleta attended Chandler High School in Chandler, Arizona, a suburb southeast of Phoenix. He was a letterman in football in which he was a two-time first-team All-Central Region honoree and a two-time All-State Honorable Mention honoree. Jerry Loper was his high school head football coach.
College career
Archuleta played college football at nearby Arizona State University, where he started three years as a linebacker. Initially without a scholarship, he redshirted as a true freshman in 1996 after making the team as a walk-on.
Archuleta played in every game during his redshirt freshman season in 1997 as a reserve inside linebacker, recording 17 tackles (11 solos) while appearing mostly on special teams.
He moved into the starting lineup as a sophomore at weakside linebacker, playing in every game in 1998 and finished with 75 tackles (39 solos), five sacks and 18 stops for losses. As a junior in 1999, he was named to the All-Pac-10 Conference First Team as well as team most valuable player. He started the final eleven games at weakside outside linebacker and led the team with 111 tackles (59 solos) with five sacks and 21 stops for losses.
As a senior in 2000, he was named the Pac-10 Defensive Player of the Year and was a First-team All-Pac-10 Conference selection as a linebacker. He also was one of three finalists for the Butkus Award, given annually to the top linebacker in college football. As a senior, he started at weakside outside linebacker and led ASU with a career-high 127 tackles (93 solos) with four sacks and 15 stops for losses. He was a First-team All-America selection by The Sports Xchange and earned Second-team All-American from the Walter Camp Foundation.
During his four year career Archuleta ranks fourth in school history with 54 stops behind the line of scrimmage while recording 330 tackles (202 solos) with 14 quarterback sacks, six fumble recoveries and five forced fumbles.
Professional career
Pre-draft
St. Louis Rams
The St. Louis Rams drafted Archuleta as the 20th overall selection in the 2001 NFL Draft. He spent his first five years in St. Louis, where he excelled in Lovie Smith's Cover 2 base defense. He signed a five-year $7 million contract with the Rams, with a signing bonus of $3 million.
In 2001 Archuleta was named to All-rookie teams by The Football News and Pro Football Weekly after playing in 13 games and starting 12 at strong safety. He Finished sixth on the Rams with 81 tackles (43 solo) and tied for second with seven tackles for loss while notching two sacks, five passes defensed, two forced fumbles and one fumble recovery. In 2002, he started all 16 contests, 15 at strong safety, one at weakside linebacker and he led team with 149 tackles (101 solo) with 2.5 sacks, one interception, four passes defensed, three QB pressures, one fumble recovery, three tackles for loss, and eight special teams tackles. In 2003, he started 13 games at strong safety and had his second consecutive 100-plus tackle season, collecting 101 stops (77 solo) and had five sacks, five tackles for loss, one interception, eight passes defensed, nine QB pressures, one forced fumble, and one fumble recovery. His Five sacks led all NFL defensive backs in 2003, was the most sacks by an NFL defensive back since 2000. He was also named NFC Defensive Player of the Month for November 2003.
In 2004 Archuleta played in all 16 regular season games, starting 14, and started both playoff games despite being hampered by a back injury. He had his third consecutive 100-plus tackle season, collecting 123 tackles (73 solo) and had two sacks, five tackles for loss, three passes defensed, one forced fumble, one fumble recovery, and nine special teams tackles. He earned Co-"Horse Trailer Player of the Game" honors (along with Torry Holt) for his performance on Monday Night Football vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers 10/18, as he collected six tackles (three solo) and forced Bucs' RB Michael Pittman to fumble, recovering the fumble, and returned it 93 yards for a touchdown. Had 10 tackles (six solo), and earned NFC Special Teams Player of the Week honors with two solo special teams tackles vs. Seattle Seahawks November 14, 2004. In 2005 Archuleta appeared in and started 14 games and collected 93 tackles (66 solo), 3.5 sacks, five pass deflections and one interception. In Week 3 against the Tennessee Titans, he intercepted a pass and returned it 85 yards for a touchdown. He also recorded six tackles, all solo, in that game. A month later, in Week 7 vs. New Orleans Saints, he recorded two sacks, seven tackles (six solo) and logged a fumble recovery.
Washington Redskins
After the 2005 season ended, he was one of the most sought after free agent safeties. The Redskins made him the highest paid safety, up to that point, in NFL history by signing Archuleta to a six-year, $30 million contract (with approximately $10 million guaranteed) on March 14, 2006 Archuleta started at strong safety for 7 of 16 games played with the Redskins, registering 50 tackles and one sack to go along with career-high 17 special teams tackles. He appeared in all 16 regular season contests for the third time in his career, registering a sack for sixth consecutive season, the longest active streak for an NFL safety. However, after struggles in the deep passing game for the Redskins, Archuleta was replaced at the strong safety position with Troy Vincent, and played only on special teams the last half of the season. On December 28, 2006, Archuleta expressed his displeasure with the way the Redskins were using him, and the lack of communication from the coaching staff, under head coach Joe Gibbs.
Chicago Bears
On March 20, 2007, the Redskins traded Archuleta to the Chicago Bears for their sixth round selection in the upcoming 2007 NFL Draft. The Bears agreed to pay him $8.1 million over three years. Archuleta was reunited with Lovie Smith, but never lived up to the expectations the team had for him during the 2007 season. Archuleta played 15 games with only ten starts and he intercepted a pass, forced a fumble and recovered a fumble. He knocked down three passes and had 61 tackles, numbers that were below his career averages. The Bears released him on May 6, 2008. In his season with the Bears, Archuleta was paid $5.1 million of his contract, which the Bears picked up from the Redskins.
Oakland Raiders
On August 11, 2008, the Oakland Raiders signed Archuleta with the intention of moving him to linebacker. He was released on August 30 in final roster cuts, to comply with the 53-man roster requirement.
Post NFL
Archuleta is now a local and national sports commentator for ESPN and Fox, and was inducted into ASU's Sports Hall of Fame in 2011.
Archuleta joined the new Pac-12 Network in 2012 as a game analyst for college football telecasts. As of the 2023 season, Archuleta is partnered with Spero Dedes.
NFL statistics
Personal life
Archuleta married Playboy Playmate Jennifer Walcott in 2010. They had their first child, a son, on April 10, 2008. The family was featured on an episode of Football Wives on E! True Hollywood Story in 2009. He was also featured in Moves magazine alongside his wife, Jennifer.
References
External links
Arizona State Sun Devils bio
1977 births
Living people
Players of American football from Wyoming
American football linebackers
American football safeties
Arizona State Sun Devils football players
St. Louis Rams players
Washington Redskins players
Chicago Bears players
Oakland Raiders players
Las Vegas Locomotives players
Players of American football from Chandler, Arizona
People from Rock Springs, Wyoming
College football announcers
National Football League announcers
Alliance of American Football announcers
Chandler High School (Arizona) alumni |
Blowfly's Party is the 1980 album by Clarence Reid as his alter ego Blowfly. It was released on the Weird World Records label, a subsidiary of T.K. Records. This album featured a reworked version of the classic "Rap Dirty" and also managed to chart in the US pop albums chart at No. 82 and on the Black Albums chart at No. 26.
The album was originally released under the name Blowfly's Disco Party but was reissued under the alternate title to avoid confusion with the 1977 album Disco.
Track listing
Personnel
Blowfly – Vocals, producer
Benny Latimore - Keyboards
George "Chocolate" Perry - Bass
Jerome Smith - Guitar
Little Beaver - Guitar
Mike Lewis Orchestra - Strings, horns
Rich Finch - Bass
Robert Ferguson - Drums
Timmy Thomas - Keyboards
Wildfire - Backing vocals
References
External links
RateYourMusic
Discogs
Henry Stone Official Website
Official Blowfly Discography
1980 albums
Blowfly (musician) albums |
Eryon is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans from the Late Jurassic of Germany. Its remains are known from the Solnhofen limestone. It reached a length of around , and may have fed on particulate matter on the sea bed.
References
External links
Polychelida
Jurassic crustaceans
Solnhofen fauna
Fossil taxa described in 1817 |
Francisco Cerúndolo won the men's singles title, defeating Tommy Paul in the final, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4.
Taylor Fritz was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Mackenzie McDonald.
Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
Qualifying
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky loser
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
References
External links
Main draw
Qualifying draw
Eastbourne International - Men's singles
2022 Men's singles |
```java
package com.ctrip.framework.xpipe.redis.utils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.JarURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class JarFileUrlJar {
public static final String TMP_PATH = "/tmp/redis/proxy/";
private JarFile jarFile;
private JarEntry entry;
private String fileName;
public JarFileUrlJar(URL url) throws IOException {
try {
// jar:file:...
JarURLConnection jarConn = (JarURLConnection) url.openConnection();
jarConn.setUseCaches(false);
jarFile = jarConn.getJarFile();
entry = jarConn.getJarEntry();
fileName = TMP_PATH + entry.getName();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IOException(jarFile.getName() + ":" + jarFile.size(), e);
}
}
public void close() {
if (jarFile != null) {
try {
jarFile.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
// Ignore
}
}
}
private InputStream getEntryInputStream() throws IOException {
if (entry == null) {
return null;
} else {
return jarFile.getInputStream(entry);
}
}
public String getJarFilePath() throws IOException {
InputStream inputStream = getEntryInputStream();
Files.copy(inputStream, getDistFile(fileName));
return fileName;
}
private Path getDistFile(String path) throws IOException {
Path dist = Paths.get(path);
Path parent = dist.getParent();
if (parent != null) {
if (Files.exists(parent)) {
delete(parent);
}
Files.createDirectories(parent);
}
return dist;
}
private void delete(Path root) throws IOException {
Stream<Path> children = Files.list(root);
children.forEach(p -> {
try {
Files.deleteIfExists(p);
} catch (IOException e) {
}
});
}
}
``` |
A New and Universal History, Description and Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster, the Borough of Southwark, and their Adjacent Parts... by Walter Harrison is a 1775 book illustrated with 102 monochrome plates, describing the appearance of London at that time. It was published by John Cooke in 70 parts. These were issued weekly, each with one or two of the plates. The illustrations were prints made using engraved copper plates.
References
Further reading
Adams, Bernard (1983) London Illustrated 1604-1850: a survey and index of topographical books and their plates
Crace, John Gregory (1878) A Catalogue of Maps, Plans and Views of London, Westminster and Southwark
External links
1775 non-fiction books
1770s in London
Books about London
Illustrated books |
Fordham Park is a public park in New Cross, London, England, owned and managed by the London Borough of Lewisham. It lies in between New Cross and New Cross Gate railway stations, and just north of the A2 road between London and Dover. It is immediately south to Deptford Green School, and is often used by students as a sports area.
The park in New Cross was regenerated in 2010 with new lighting, trees, furniture and play elements being added to the park.
The park contains a public memorial plaque and bench dedicated to the victims of the New Cross house fire of 1981; the memorials were installed in 2012.
Deptford Urban Free festival
From 1990 to 1996 Fordham park was the venue of the annual Deptford Urban Free Festival. Such bands as Back to the Planet and Test Dept played at the festival.
References
External sources
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Lewisham
Deptford
New Cross |
Ory is a surname, and may refer to;
Birgitt Ory (born 1964), German diplomat
Carlos Edmundo de Ory (1923–2010), born in the Spanish city of Cadiz, Spanish avant-garde poet
Csaba Őry (born 1952), Hungarian politician and Member of the European Parliament with the Hungarian Civic Party
Gisèle Ory (born 1956), Swiss politician from the Canton of Neuchâtel
Kid Ory (1886–1973), Edward "Kid" Ory - American jazz trombonist and bandleader
Matthieu Ory (born 1492), French Dominican theologian and Inquisitor
Meghan Ory (born 1982), Canadian television and film actress
Michel Ory (born 1966), Swiss amateur astronomer
Pascal Ory (born 1948), French historian
Teresa Hurtado de Ory (born 1983), Spanish actress
See also
Ory (disambiguation)
Fritz d'Orey, Brazilian race car driver
Marcello d'Orey, Portuguese rugby union player and lawyer
Surnames of French origin |
The semilunar hiatus is a crescent-shaped/semicircular/curved slit/groove upon the lateral wall of the nasal cavity at the middle nasal meatus. It is bounded (sources differ) either inferiorly/anteriorly by the ethmoid bulla, anteriorly by the uncinate process of ethmoid bone. It leads into the ethmoidal infundibulum; it marks the medial limit of the ethmoidal infundibulum.
References
External links
Nose |
David Bennett may refer to:
Politics and law
David Bennett (barrister) (born 1941), Australian barrister and former Solicitor-General of Australia
David Bennett (New Zealand politician) (born 1970), Member of the New Zealand House of Representatives since 2005
David S. Bennett (1811–1894), U.S. Representative from New York
David Bennett (Rhode Island politician) (born 1955), member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
Sports
Association football
Dave Bennett (footballer, born 1938), Scottish footballer
Dave Bennett (footballer, born 1939) (1939–2009), English footballer
Dave Bennett (footballer, born 1959), English footballer
Dave Bennett (footballer, born 1960), English footballer
Other sports
David Bennett (American football) (born 1961), American football coach
Dave Bennett (baseball) (born 1945), American baseball pitcher in 1960s
David Jeffrey Bennett or Jeff Bennett (baseball) (born 1980), American baseball pitcher in 2000s
Dave Bennett (hurler) (born 1976), Irish hurler
Other
Avie Bennett (David Bennett, 1928–2017), Canadian businessman and philanthropist
David Bennett (consultant) (born 1955), British civil servant
David Bennett (musician) (1823–1902), Canadian musician
David Bennett (opera director) (born c. 1963), American opera director
Dave Bennett (software) (born 1965), chief technology officer, Axway
David Bennett Sr. (1964–2022), first recipient of a genetically modified pig heart xenotransplant
David Michael Bennett (born 1986), guitarist for Steam Powered Giraffe
David "Pinkfish" Bennett, lead developer of Discworld MUD
See also
David Bannett (1921–2022), American-Israeli electronics engineer
David Bennet, 4th Baronet (died 1741), of the Bennet baronets |
Edmund Butler, 1st Earl of Kilkenny, 12th Viscount Mountgarret (6 January 1771 – 16 July 1846) was created Earl of Kilkenny on 20 December 1793. The son of Edmund Butler, 11th Viscount Mountgarret and Henrietta Butler, he was thus a member of the powerful Butler Dynasty descended from the illustrious House of Butler of Ormond, who purchased and resided at Kilkenny Castle from 1391 to 1967.
He married Mildred Fowler, daughter of Robert Fowler, Archbishop of Dublin, without issue. On his death the Earldom thus became extinct and his nephew, Henry Edmund Butler, became the 13th Lord Viscount Mountgarret in 1846.
References
1771 births
1846 deaths
Edmund
Earls in the Peerage of Ireland |
Igor Nikolayevich Yerokhin or Erokhin (, 4 September 1985 in Saransk) is a Russian former race walker. He was a participant of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and finished in 5th place in the 50 kilometres walk. In 2011, he placed second at the European Race Walking Cup.
Career
Yerokhin competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing but tested positive for prohibited substances and was subsequently disqualified for two years.
In August 2013 the Russian Athletics Federation announced that Yerokhin had received a further ban after abnormal hematological profile indicators were found on his biological passport. He received a life ban and was stripped of all his results since 25 February 2011. This included his 5th-place finish at the 2012 Summer Olympics and his 2nd place at the European Race Walking Cup.
See also
List of doping cases in athletics
References
External links
Living people
1985 births
Sportspeople from Saransk
Russian male racewalkers
Olympic male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Russia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Russia
Russian Athletics Championships winners
Doping cases in athletics
Russian sportspeople in doping cases |
The 1991 Bracknell Forest Borough Council election took place on 2 May 1991, to elect all 40 members in 19 wards for Bracknell Forest Borough Council in England. The election was held on the same day as other local elections as part of the 1991 United Kingdom local elections. For the first time since 1979, opposition parties re-entered the council at an all-out council election, but the Conservative Party still managed to secure a landslide victory.
Summary
Votes for the Liberal Democrats are compared against the SDP–Liberal Alliance in 1987.
Ward results
An asterisk (*) denotes an incumbent councillor standing for re-election.
Votes for the Liberal Democrats are compared against the SDP–Liberal Alliance in 1987.
Ascot
Binfield
Bullbrook
College Town
Cranbourne
Crowthorne
Garth
Great Hollands North
Great Hollands South
Hanworth
Harmanswater
Little Sandhurst
Old Bracknell
Owlsmoor
Priestwood
Sandhurst
St. Marys
Warfield
Wildridings
Footnotes
References
Bracknell
Bracknell Forest Borough Council elections |
KACT-FM (105.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Andrews, Texas, United States, the station serves the Odessa-Midland area. The station is currently owned by Jessica May Reid and Gerald K. Reid, through licensee Zia Broadcasting Company, and features programming from Westwood One.
References
External links
ACT-FM |
Sönmez Köksal (born 8 March 1940) is a career Turkish civil servant. He served in a variety of positions largely in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in international organisations representing Turkey, and was Turkey's Ambassador to Iraq (1986–1990). He was head of the National Intelligence Organization (, MİT) from 1992 to 1998, and subsequently Turkey's Ambassador to France (1998–2002). Köksal was the first civilian head of the MIT, breaking the tradition of appointing generals.
References
1940 births
Living people
People of the National Intelligence Organization (Turkey)
Directors of intelligence agencies
Ambassadors of Turkey to France
Ambassadors of Turkey to Iraq |
The Consolidation Act was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain passed in 1749 to reorganize the Royal Navy.
See also
Act of Parliament
Destination Tables
History of the Royal Navy
1749 in military history
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1749 |
Nguyên Bình is a township () and capital of Nguyên Bình District, Cao Bằng Province, Vietnam.
References
Populated places in Cao Bằng province
District capitals in Vietnam
Townships in Vietnam |
```java
/*
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
* permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
* conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
* with the distribution.
*
* 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to
* endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written
* permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
* GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
* NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
* OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
package com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.interop.access;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Cached;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.GenerateAOT;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.GenerateUncached;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.Specialization;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.InteropLibrary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.UnsupportedMessageException;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.library.CachedLibrary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.profiles.BranchProfile;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.except.LLVMPolyglotException;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.interop.access.LLVMInteropType.SpecialStruct;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.interop.access.LLVMInteropType.SpecialStructAccessor;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.interop.access.LLVMInteropType.Structured;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.interop.convert.ToLLVM;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.interop.convert.ForeignToLLVM.ForeignToLLVMType;
import com.oracle.truffle.llvm.runtime.nodes.api.LLVMNode;
@GenerateUncached
public abstract class LLVMInteropSpecialAccessNode extends LLVMNode {
public abstract Object execute(Object foreign, ForeignToLLVMType accessType, Structured type, long offset);
protected SpecialStructAccessor notNullOrException(SpecialStruct type, long offset, SpecialStructAccessor accessor) {
if (accessor == null) {
throw new LLVMPolyglotException(this, "The type '%s' has no node at offset %d.", type.toDisplayString(false), offset);
}
return accessor;
}
protected Object doAccess(Object foreign, ForeignToLLVMType accessType, SpecialStruct type, long offset, SpecialStructAccessor accessor, ToLLVM toLLVM, BranchProfile exception1,
BranchProfile exception2, BranchProfile exception3, InteropLibrary interop) {
if (accessor == null) {
exception1.enter();
throw new LLVMPolyglotException(this, "The type '%s' has no node at offset %d.", type.toDisplayString(false), offset);
}
if (accessor.type instanceof LLVMInteropType.Value) {
try {
return toLLVM.executeWithType(accessor.getter.get(foreign, interop), (LLVMInteropType.Value) accessor.type, accessType);
} catch (UnsupportedMessageException ex) {
exception3.enter();
throw new LLVMPolyglotException(this, "Special read failed with unsupported message exception.");
}
} else {
exception2.enter();
throw new LLVMPolyglotException(this, "Special read of type '%s' is not supported.", accessor.type.toDisplayString(false));
}
}
@TruffleBoundary
SpecialStructAccessor findAccessor(SpecialStruct type, long offset) {
return type.findAccessor(offset);
}
@Specialization(guards = {"type == cachedType", "offset == cachedOffset"})
@GenerateAOT.Exclude
public Object doSpecialized(Object foreign, ForeignToLLVMType accessType,
@SuppressWarnings("unused") SpecialStruct type, @SuppressWarnings("unused") long offset,
@Cached("type") SpecialStruct cachedType,
@Cached("offset") long cachedOffset,
@Cached("findAccessor(cachedType, cachedOffset)") SpecialStructAccessor accessor,
@Cached ToLLVM toLLVM,
@Cached BranchProfile exception1,
@Cached BranchProfile exception2,
@Cached BranchProfile exception3,
@CachedLibrary(limit = "3") InteropLibrary interop) {
return doAccess(foreign, accessType, cachedType, cachedOffset, accessor, toLLVM, exception1, exception2, exception3, interop);
}
@Specialization(replaces = "doSpecialized")
@GenerateAOT.Exclude
public Object doUnspecialized(Object foreign, ForeignToLLVMType accessType,
SpecialStruct type, long offset,
@Cached ToLLVM toLLVM,
@Cached BranchProfile exception1,
@Cached BranchProfile exception2,
@Cached BranchProfile exception3,
@CachedLibrary(limit = "3") InteropLibrary interop) {
SpecialStructAccessor accessor = findAccessor(type, offset);
return doAccess(foreign, accessType, type, offset, accessor, toLLVM, exception1, exception2, exception3, interop);
}
public static LLVMInteropSpecialAccessNode create() {
return LLVMInteropSpecialAccessNodeGen.create();
}
}
``` |
Main Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Roxbury in Delaware County, New York. The district contains 86 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, three contributing structures, and one contributing object. The southern end of the district is dominated by the Gothic Revival style Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church (1892), the Roxbury Central School (1939), and the Kirkside estate. Located nearby is a Greek Revival style Methodist church erected in 1858. Financier Jay Gould was raised nearby and in the 1890s began an interest in the development of Roxbury.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
Gallery
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, New York
References
External links
History of the Reformed Church of Roxbury, NY
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Delaware County, New York
Neoclassical architecture in New York (state)
Italianate architecture in New York (state)
Historic districts in Delaware County, New York |
Alex T. Smith (born ) is a British author and illustrator of children's books, including Primrose, Egg, Ella, and the Claude book series. He was the illustrator for World Book Day 2014 in September 2013. His books have been published in several languages including Welsh, French, German, Swedish, Italian, Hungarian and Chinese.
Education
He graduated in 2006 from Coventry University with a degree in illustration.
Claude series
The adventures of Claude were published in a series of 10 books from 2011 to 2016. Recurring characters include Sir Bobblysock who accompanies Claude, and Mr & Mrs Shinyshoes, Claude's owners.
Claude was chosen as one of Clara Vulliamy's five favorite fictional characters and appears on gift cards produced by National Book Tokens.
In October 2013, it was announced that Claude had been optioned by Sixteen South for television aimed at boys and girls aged 4–6, and premiered on Disney Junior in June 2018.
Bibliography
Eliot Jones, Midnight Superhero (2009) - illustrator; text by Anne Cottringer
Home (2010)
My Mum has X-Ray Vision (2010) - illustrator; text by Angela McAllister
Bella and Monty: A Hairy, Scary Night (2010)
Egg (2011)
Fantastic Frankie and the Brain-drain Machine (2011) - illustrator; text by Anna Kemp
Ella (2012)
Eliot, Midnight Superhero (2012 revised edition) - illustrator; text by Anne Cottringer
Happy Birthday, Bunny! (2012) - illustrator; text by Anna Schaub
Primrose (2013)
Catch Us If You Can-Can (2013)
Hector and the BIG BAD KNIGHT (2014)
Little Red and the Very Hungry Lion (2015)
Grave Matter (2017) - illustrator; text by Juno Dawson
How Winston Delivered Christmas: A Christmas Story in Twenty-Four-and-a-Half Chapters (2019)
Tom & Matt Series
The Baddie (2010) - illustrator; text by Anna Maxted
The Horrible Princess (2010) - illustrator; text by Anna Maxted
Claude Series
Claude in the City (2011)
Claude on Holiday (2011) (republished as 'Claude at the Beach')
Claude at the Circus (2012)
Claude in the Country (2012)
Claude in the Spotlight (2013)
Claude on the Slopes (2013)
Claude at Sea (2016) (picture book)
Claude: Lights! Camera! Action! (2016)
Claude Going for Gold (2016)
Santa Claude (2016)
Claude at the Palace (2020)
Mr Penguin Series
Mr Penguin and the Lost Treasure (2017)
Mr Penguin and the Fortress of Secrets (2018)
Mr Penguin and the Catastrophic Cruise (2019)
Mr Penguin and the Tomb of Doom (2021)
Critical reception of books
Catch Us If You Can-Can has been called "hilarious" by The Guardian.
Claude in the Spotlight is thought of as "a very funny book, with lots of great pictures" by The Guardian and Booktrust described it as "An utterly charming book for emerging readers." Metro appreciated the "quirky illustrations and plenty of humour."
Claude in the City reminded Martin Chilton writing in The Telegraph of "the fine stories of Allan Ahlberg." TheBookBag "loved everything about this book" and especially enjoyed the sense of fun, and how rich the text and pictures were for younger readers.". Claude in the City was described by the kidlit blog, There's a Book, as the "perfect transition from picture books to chapter books."
Awards and recognitions
2006 Second prize in the Macmillan Prize for Children's Picture Book Illustration.
2009 Longlisted for the Kate Greenaway Medal.
2011 Stockport School's Book Award for My mum has X-ray Vision by Alex T. Smith and Angela McAllister.
2011 Dundee Picture Book Award for Bella & Monty.
2013 Longlisted for the Kate Greenaway Medal for Claude at the Circus.
2014 Longlisted for the Kate Greenaway Medal for Claude in the Spotlight.
2016 Longlisted for the Kate Greenaway Medal for The Hundred and One Dalmatians.
References
External links
Official website
Official Blog - Link printed on all Alex T. Smith's books. Sketchbook images shared on this blog.
Official Twitter
1985 births
Living people
British illustrators
Alumni of Coventry University
Artists from Coventry
English children's writers |
Parthenon Huxley (born January 19, 1956) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and producer who is known for his solo albums and for his involvement in ELO Part II and The Orchestra, both of which are latter-day offshoots of the 1970s–80s symphonic rock band Electric Light Orchestra. He has also made cameo appearances in several films including Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story and The Flintstones.
Early life
Huxley was born Richard Willett Miller in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and grew up in New Jersey and Athens, Greece before moving to North Carolina to attend UNC-Chapel Hill. His stage name (now legal name) honors two of his varied interests: his love for Greece, and the British writer Aldous Huxley. He began his recording career as guitarist on Matt Barrett's EP The Ruse (Moonlight Records), produced by Don Dixon and Mitch Easter.
The Blazers, P. Hux and VeG
His touring career began as a member of the Chapel Hill, NC rock band The Blazers, which consisted of Huxley (credited under his original name Rick Miller), Sherman Tate (lead & harmony vocals, rhythm guitar), Ronnie Taylor (drums & percussion) and Lee Gildersleeve (bass). The band recorded one album, How to Rock: Ten Easy Lessons (Moonlight Records, 1980), again produced by Don Dixon.
His first solo recording (released under the pseudonym "Rick Rock") was the self-produced, self-financed single "Buddha, Buddha" / "Sputnik" (Big Groovy, 1983). Despite its modest recording budget of US $400 "Buddha, Buddha" was named one of the ten best records ever made in North Carolina by the Greensboro Record. During this period Huxley also toured as guitarist with Don Dixon under the name Me & Dixon. He relocated to Los Angeles in 1987 and signed with Columbia Records; the following year he recorded his first solo album, Sunny Nights (Columbia 1988), produced by Huxley and Paul McCartney producer David Kahne. Three of its tracks ("Double Our Numbers", "Guest Host for the Holy Ghost" and "Chance to Be Loved") were released as singles during that year. Although the album received favorable reviews (Rolling Stone Magazine called it a "monumental debut"), it did not sell well and this ended his association with Columbia.
It was five years before Huxley's next album; in the intervening period he co-produced the two solo albums by Eels frontman E, 1992's A Man Called E and 1994's Broken Toy Shop. The first single from A Man Called E ("Hello Cruel World" – co-written by Huxley) reached #8 on the Modern Rock chart. Huxley also produced an eponymous album with power pop singer Kyle Vincent (Carport/Hollywood Records). The album's first single, "Wake Me Up (When the World's Worth Waking Up For)", reached #101 on Billboard's singles chart and stayed there for eight weeks, setting a curious record for "bubbling under" the Hot 100.
Huxley's next album, Deluxe, was credited to P. Hux, a power-pop trio comprising Huxley, Gordon Townsend (drums, vocals) and Rob Miller (bass, vocals). The album was released in the US in 1995 on the Black Olive label, and was also released in Japan, Australia and France (where it was retitled Every Minute). The songs on the album were largely inspired by Huxley's recent marriage to screenwriter Janet Heaney. The album was well received by critics and was voted as 1995 Album of the Year by Audites Magazine. A single from the album, "Every Minute", appeared on the Rhino Records compilation Poptopia! Power Pop Classics of the '90s.
Huxley's next recording was the self-titled album recorded by Huxley's side project VeG (1997), another three-piece group with Winston Watson (drums, lap steel) and Paul Martinez (bass, background vocals). Watson was Bob Dylan's drummer for five years in the '90s.
ELO Part II and The Orchestra
In January 1997, Huxley's wife, Janet, died, and it was several years before he resumed his solo career. In the meantime, he joined Electric Light Orchestra Part II in January 1999, replacing singer-guitarist Phil Bates, and he toured with them through the year. In November that year Bev Bevan played his last show with the band; in early 2000 he issued a press statement announcing that the group had dissolved, and he then sold his 50% share of the rights to the ELO name back to the group's founder, Jeff Lynne. The remaining members then recruited drummer Gordon Townsend and, following legal action by Lynne, renamed itself The Orchestra. Later in 2001 he recorded with The Orchestra for their album No Rewind, which featured four songs written or co-written by Huxley: "Jewel and Johnny", "Can't Wait to See You", "Over London Skies" and "Before We Go." The band continued to tour with this lineup until 2007, when Huxley left the band to spend more time with his family. Huxley was replaced by Bates, who rejoined The Orchestra after a nine-year absence.
Meanwhile, Huxley had restarted his solo career in 2001 with two albums. The second P. Hux studio album, Purgatory Falls, was a deeply personal and sometimes harrowing song cycle that chronicled the devastating experience of his wife's untimely death. Huxley signed with Universal and a single, "I Loved Everything", reached #1 on Rolling Stone Magazine's Exclusive Download Chart. This was followed by a solo live album, Live in Your Living Room. Later in 2001 he contributed to The Orchestra's No Rewind.
Huxley followed No Rewind with another solo acoustic live album, In Your Parlour (Nine18 Records), in 2003 and then began work on Homemade Spaceship, an album of ELO covers commissioned by Lakeshore Records of Hollywood, CA. Homemade Spaceship: The Music of ELO as Performed by P. Hux was awarded 2005 Tribute Album of the Year by Just Plain Folks, the world's largest online musicians community.
In October 2011, Phil Bates again left the band and Huxley returned as Orchestra guitarist and singer. With Huxley back on board, The Orchestra completed a successful 17-date tour of Eastern Europe in December 2011.
Later career
Huxley moved to Maryland in 2004, where he began work on the third P. Hux studio album, Kiss the Monster. It was released in 2007 by English label Voiceprint in conjunction with Nine18 (Huxley's imprint) and BeanBagOne, a label owned by Huxley's American manager David Bean of Carmel, California. Kiss the Monster was nominated for 'Album of the Year' by Just Plain Folks.
In 2006 Nine18/Not Lame Records released Mile High Fan, an album of songs recorded in Los Angeles in the late '80s and early '90s. Tracks from Mile High Fan had originally been intended for the follow-up to 1988's Sunny Nights.
In 2011, Huxley released Tracks & Treasure Vol. 1, a collection of songs that had appeared on compilations as well as previously unreleased master recordings. The album featured performances by McCartney guitarist Rusty Anderson, Go-Go's drummer Gina Schock, ELO/ELO Part II/The Orchestra violinist Mik Kaminski, and others. The album's title was a pun, referencing "trash and treasure" days in Maryland.
On April 2, 2013, Nine18 Records issued Thank You Bethesda, a collection of new songs that Huxley considers some of his best work. A successful Kickstarter campaign in the fall of 2012 aided in the album's post-production and release. The 24-page CD booklet contains names and pictures of Huxley's Kickstarter supporters.
In Fall 2015, Nine18 Records released P. Hux Live Deluxe, a remastered 1996 recording of the original P. Hux lineup captured live in Durham, North Carolina.
On September 18, 2018, Nine18 Records released This Is The One, Huxley's most recent collection of new songs and featuring the singles "Just Sayin and "Running Home To You." The album's songs and sounds were hailed by well-known fans of Huxley, including Don Dixon, Al Stewart, McCartney guitarist Rusty Anderson and many more.
Discography
Studio albums
How to Rock (1980)
Sunny Nights (1988)
Deluxe (1995)
VeG (1997)
No Rewind (2001)
Purgatory Falls (2001)
Homemade Spaceship: The Music of ELO as Performed by P. Hux (2005)
Mile High Fan (2006)
Kiss the Monster (2007)
Tracks & Treasure Vol.1 (2011)
Thank You Bethesda (2013)
This Is The One (2018)
As Good As Advertised (2023)
Singles
"Buddha, Buddha" b/w "Sputnik" (1982) (as Rick Rock)
"Chance to Be Loved" (1988)
"Double Our Numbers" (1988)
"Guest Host for the Holy Ghost" (1988)
"It'll Be Alright" (1995)
"Every Minute" (1995)
"Here Comes the Savior" (1995)
"I Loved Everything" (2001)
"Love Is The Greatest Thing" (2014)
"Just Sayin'" (2018)
Live albums
Live in Your Living Room (2001)
In Your Parlour (2003)
The Orchestra LIVE (2006)
Live Deluxe (2015)
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
Musicians from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Electric Light Orchestra
Eels (band) members
American male singer-songwriters
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Record producers from California
Guitarists from Los Angeles
Guitarists from Louisiana
20th-century American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from California
Singer-songwriters from Louisiana |
The 2022 Judo Grand Slam Paris was held in Paris, France, from 5–6 February 2022.
Event videos
The event was aired freely on the IJF YouTube channel.
Medal summary
Medal table
Men's events
Women's events
Source Results
Prize money
The sums written are per medalist, bringing the total prizes awarded to 154,000€. (retrieved from: )
References
External links
2022 IJF World Tour
2022 Judo Grand Slam
Judo
Judo
Judo
2022 |
Summer House is the debut studio album by Gold Motel, released on June 1, 2010 on Good As Gold Records.
Track listing
References
2010 albums |
Verkh-Cherga (; , Ĵaan Çargı) is a rural locality (a selo) in Shebalinsky District, the Altai Republic, Russia. The population was 211 as of 2016. There are 4 streets.
Geography
Verkh-Cherga is located 27 km northwest of Shebalino (the district's administrative centre) by road. Malaya Cherga is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Shebalinsky District |
Haplincourt () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
A farming village situated southwest of Arras, at the junction of the D7 and the D20 roads.
Population
Places of interest
The church of St.Nicholas, rebuilt along with much of the village, after World War I.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
The M1918 helmet (also known as M18) is a steel military combat helmet used by Switzerland from its introduction in 1918 to its replacement by the M1971. In 1943 improvements would be made to the design to which it would be called the M1918/40. The helmet would be seen used by Swiss servicemen until the late 20th century.
Design
The design was drawn up by Dr. Edward A. Gessler and Paul Boesh, director of the Swiss National Museum and sculptor in the Swiss General staff as a Lieutenant, respectively.
The shape drawing from the German M16 Stahlhelm and sometimes being confused with the coincidentally developed experimental combat helmet Model 5 by the United States sharing the near-same general shape and liner design. The shell being made from 1.15 mm manganese steel and painted in a drab green with the liner being similar to the M16 Stahlhelm's M17 liner with its three pads and clamp and hook chin strap attaching directly to the liner. The liner being attached to the shell not by rivets but by clamps keeping it in place, the shell having two ventilation holes towards the rear.
In 1940 a version of the M18 was made but with a shallower skirt and in 1943 most M18s and M18/40s were given a coat of matte black paint mixed with sawdust for a textured finish, as well as a new liner that only went around three-quarters of the circumference of the inside of the shell designated M18/43. New production helmets after this year having more shallow side skirts to its former model. The M1931 camouflage covers for the helmet were introduced in 1943; reversible from one of two patterns depending on the conditions. A second type of camouflage cover was adopted in 1956 featuring a variant of the Swiss TAZ 57 pattern. The earlier M18 was exported to Argentina in the late 1930s and issued - as the M1938 - as its first combat steel helmet. It was also used as a civil defense helmet painted a fluorescent yellow.
Around 603,000 units of all models would be produced throughout its career.
References
External links
Combat helmets of Switzerland |
The Medellín Cartel () was a powerful and highly organized Colombian drug cartel and terrorist organization originating in the city of Medellín, Colombia, that was founded and led by Pablo Escobar. It is often considered to be the first major "drug cartel" and was referred to as such; (a cartel) due to the organization's upper echelons and overall power-structure being built on a partnership between multiple Colombian traffickers operating alongside Escobar. Included were Jorge Luis Ochoa Vásquez, Fabio Ochoa Vásquez, Juan David Ochoa Vásquez, José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha and Carlos Lehder. Escobar's main partner in the organization however was his cousin Gustavo Gaviria who handled much of the cartel's shipping arrangements and the more general and detailed logistical aspects of the cocaine trafficking routes and international smuggling networks which were supplying at least 80% of the world's cocaine during its peak. Gustavo, also known as León seems to have also had a strong hand in the cartel's unprecedented acts of narcoterrorism, right alongside his cousin Pablo and was considered to be second in command of the cartel and therefore one of Colombia's most wanted men, with both him and Escobar having arrest warrants pending from other nations where their criminal activity had spread to, such as in Spain and the U.S. Meanwhile, Pablo Escobar's brother Roberto Escobar acted as the organization's accountant. The cartel operated from 1976 to 1993 in Colombia (Antioquia), Bolivia, Panama, Central America, Peru, the Bahamas, the United States (namely in cities such as Los Angeles, New York and Miami), as well as in Canada.
Although Escobar started profitably smuggling contraband by the early 1970s, the true beginnings of what would eventually become the notorious mafia-like organization itself officially turned to trafficking cocaine as their main contraband product by 1976, (largely through the assistance of Carlos Lehder and George Jung) which greatly influenced the infamous sociocultural cocaine boom phenomenon of late 70s and early 80s in the United States. This "boom" was noticeably demonstrated by the impact of the violent street crimes which characterized the Miami drug war due to the cartel's trafficking operations significantly increasing the drug's overall availability and access through these newly enhanced markets as well as the further complexified and proliferated distribution networks. At the height of its operations, the Medellín Cartel smuggled multiple tons of cocaine each week into countries around the world and brought in an upwards of US$200 million daily in drug profits, and thus billions per year. Additionally, despite being well-known for once dominating the international illicit cocaine trade (along with expanding it) throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, the organization, particularly in its later years, was also noted for its use of violence for political aims (mainly in protest of judicial extradition to the U.S.) as demonstrated by their societally straining and volatile asymmetric war against the Colombian state itself, primarily in the form of bombings, kidnappings, indiscriminate murder of law enforcement and political assassinations. Many of the victims included non-combatants or random citizens as attempts to negotiate with the government using fear through unambiguous acts of terror.
At its height, (during the early 80s) the Medellín Cartel was recognized as being the largest drug-trafficking syndicate in the world, estimated to have been smuggling three times as much cocaine as their main competitor, the Cali Cartel, an international drug-trafficking organization based in the Valle del Cauca department of Colombia. However, some experts and U.S. government officials have claimed the opposite, or said that most data compiled during this period was potentially skewed since most of the national security-based focus was mostly centered on the Medellín organization specifically due its more ostentatious acts of violence and "vindictive" nature.
Relations between the Medellín and Cali trafficking organizations
Traditionally, Pablo and the Medellín Cartel originally had a strategic alliance and specific smuggling arrangement with the Cali Cartel "godfathers" Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela and Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela early on. This arrangement resulted in Medellín controlling the cocaine trade in Los Angeles, Cali controlling New York City, while both of them agreed to share Miami and Houston. Eventually however, a personal dispute between Escobar and one of the Cali Cartel leaders named Pacho Herrera surfaced over a disagreement on territory in one or more of these distribution hubs. Although the two organizations had scrimmages beforehand; by 1988 (supposedly after the Monaco Apartment bombing) the Medellín and Cali organizations became perpetual enemies, a feud which continued until Medellín's eventual demise in 1993. A demise which was largely due to the rise of the anti-Escobar "vigilante" group known as Los Pepes, which was officially formed in January of 1993. "Los Pepes" was a diminutive form of the phrase "Perseguidos por Pablo Escobar" (meaning: "[Those] Persecuted by Pablo Escobar"). The group was largely financed by the Cali Cartel and led by brothers Carlos and Fidel Castaño whom were right-wing paramilitary leading commanders that were actually once part of the Medellín Cartel. Los Pepe's tactics, which were stylized to reflect Escobar's own violent methods now turned against him, and which proved ultimately instrumental to the progressive defeat of the Medellín Cartel reign, was further accentuated by Pablo's accumulation of enemies within his own organization (helping to characterize the formation of Los Pepes), as well as Pablo's ongoing and relentless war against the Colombian government and American law-enforcement agencies; a combination of factors which cornered Escobar during the last year of his life, along with his quickly diminishing sphere of power as the now final and last-standing leader of his once dominant cartel.
During the initial days of their mutual alliance however, before these intense conflicts; the Cali and Medellín groups each showcased differing philosophies over how to "ameliorate" their situations with the authorities. While the more 'businesslike' Orejuela brothers of Cali wanted to solve such legal issues through corruption, Escobar instead sought to do so mostly through violence and intimidation. Particularly when his (often minimal) attempts to bribe officials were not immediately accepted. Notably, Escobar and the Medellín crew also garnered a unique reputation, even in their earlier days for murdering not only those who crossed them, but oftentimes their immediate family members or other relatives as well, unless otherwise stipulated such as when Pablo's enemies "turned themselves in" instead of fleeing the region or pleading for protection from the authorities (many of whom were already compromised). This method of "webbed" violence resulting from one person's mistakes against Escobar was reportedly explained directly to American smuggler George Jung when he first met Pablo in 1978 moments after witnessing a man get shot in the chest after he "voluntarily" gave himself up to Escobar upon the knowledge that the man's entire family would be killed if he did not.
While Pablo Escobar seemingly viewed fear through violence and extortion (threats) as an effective motivator and more straightforward measure, Cali leader Gilberto in particular thought violence should only be used as a last resort, considering it to be generally bad for business due to the practical understanding that; "dead people do not pay what they owe". The Cali Cartel leaders even required their employees to fill out "application forms"; elucidating their personal information, not necessarily for the sake of threats but rather for the purpose of thorough background checks and security. This included not just names and addresses of Cali Cartel hopefuls, but financial assets and personal possessions such as automobiles. The Orejuela brothers wanted to be seen as "the Kennedys of Colombia" while Escobar similarly dreamed of one day becoming president of the nation. When this failed however due to scandals over his criminal reputation, Escobar thereafter began a brutal; nearly decade-long terroristic campaign against the government from April of 1984 starting with the assassination of Rodrigo Lara Bonilla (Colombia's Minister of Justice who favored extradition), to April of 1993 with the massive 440 pound bomb detonation in Bogotá's busy Center 93 shopping mall on the city's popular 15th Avenue neighborhood.
History
Background & early 1970s
1960s cocaine trade in Latin America
In the 1960s, Colombia was not yet viewed or stereotyped as being a conventional geophysical, narcotrafficking corridor for the world's cocaine trade like it seems to have been for marijuana trafficking at this time. By the late 1960s, Colombia's marijuana trade resulted from booming production in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Urabá peninsula where it was then smuggled within hidden northbound shipments of bananas. Reportedly when it came to the international cocaine trade during the 60s; Argentina, Brazil and Chile were the countries with the biggest hand in the international transferring of cocaine. Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Valparaiso (Chile) acted as some of the most common starting points for the 1960s maritime trafficking routes while Havana, Cuba was commonly used as an intermediary transshipment point north. Then it would go to locations like Panama City in Florida or Barcelona in Spain which both regularly functioned as final points of destination for the international transporting of cocaine or other related contraband from South America. Cartagena, in Colombia and Miami, Florida still seemed to play a modest role however. However, marijuana was still said to dominate the loads of shipments which traveled through these routes at the time. Therefore, cocaine's prevalence by then still went largely under the radar due to how in the United States, even though cocaine use was steadily rising by the 1960s, it was still only marginally - moderately more popular when compared to its relative scope of prevalence during the 1950s when the use of cocaine was considered to be at an all-time low and was essentially considered by many to mostly be "a problem of the past".
Colombian smugglers & Chileans (1972–1976)
In contrast to his law-abiding parents, Escobar began a life of crime early on; stealing tombstones from cemeteries, sanding down the headstones to make them appear unused, reselling them, stealing cars, kidnapping people for ransom; including a wealthy businessman at one point before eventually settling into the criminal occupation known as contraband smuggling which characterized a large swath and subcultural domain of Colombia's criminal underworld at this time. This is presumably around when his gang-like organizational abilities and his criminal racketeering predilections seems to have come together in what was now the early 1970s in Medellín, Colombia. Escobar would go on to take advantage of Colombia's fertile and expanding marijuana trade as well as the apparent smuggling and illegal trade of cigarettes. There are several claims that he was allegedly a noteworthy figure in the region's supposed "Marlboro wars"; a seemingly violent set of scrimmages or conflicts over the control of Colombia's illicit cigarette smuggling market. This implying that he was priming his sensibilities in street crime and violent black market schemes in what would come out in a much more organized and violent fashion not far down the line.
In 1973, there was a military coup in Chile which led to a strong crackdown on Chilean drug traffickers. This caused some drug traffickers to either flee the country and/or immediately start to use different trafficking routes. This frequently resulted in Chilean traffickers setting their eyes on Colombia to use as a trade route further north. Around the same time, the prevalence and social acceptance of contraband in Colombia was at an all-time high.
Late 1970searly 1980s
Background
In the mid to late 1970s, specifically around 1975 and 1976; the illegal cocaine trade started to become a growing and significant problem for American law enforcement as the drug's prevalence began to quickly takeoff in unanticipated ways. Initially, its first phase of substantial growth in popularity started out among the affluent, particularly among those in the entertainment industry in Hollywood, California before quickly spreading to other major hotspots such as Miami.
Because of cocaine's socially prestigious reputation as a cultural symbol of high-status, especially as it related to wealth and glamor among Americans during the late 1970s (mainly due to its high cost); the Colombian criminals who were already accomplished smugglers of various goods and commercialized black market trade networks began to see cocaine as an irresistibly lucrative item for smuggling. A product like cocaine which "packs tighter" than other types of drugs or contraband indicated a greater, more eased potential for logistical transportability, with less of a chance for interdiction or complications during the product's long journey across borders and to various regional markets around the globe. This further maximized the profit potential since its volume and weight relative to its final monetary value would now be exponentially greater than it would have been from trafficking the same or similar weight and volume of a less valuable a product like marijuana. Also, unlike marijuana, which can already be produced within close proximity to the desirable North American drug markets; cocaine production was basically exclusive to South America at this time and therefore easier for South American criminal groups to control and monopolize on.
At this time during the 1970s, many of the most well-established, entrepreneurial, and capable contraband smugglers or trafficking groups were composed of Colombian nationals. But even among them, the soon-to-be-massively wealthy drug lord Pablo Escobar stood out from the rest. Escobar soon became characterized by his strategy of providing protection and mutually beneficial collaboration to other smugglers who partnered with him and helped further distribute the organization's cocaine into markets of high demand such as New York City and eventually Miami. Thus soon after forming a larger and more formidable criminal web of suppliers and combined trade networks that now further empowered Escobar and his cousin's operations via this newly formed collaborative criminal effort and structural design made up of different traffickers now working together (hence the term cartel), this imparted unparalleled degrees of strength and wealth to the organization causing it to eventually, at its height move 2,500 - 3,500 kilos per day.
Since the organizational-criminal power structure already present to a degree within Escobar and Gustavo's earlier proto-trafficking organization or smuggling network ascended itself as a result of cocaine's unusually high profit margins after even just brief exposure to the cocaine business and North American market distribution, the level of power and influence which naturally followed these unprecedented levels of wealth, the then "cartel-style" model for Pablo and Gustavo's criminal organization began to reach fruition between 1976 and 1979 roughly, where it now also incorporated the contraband smuggling networks of the Ochoas (Jorge Luis Ochoa Vásquez, Fabio Ochoa Vásquez and Juan David Ochoa Vásquez), as well as the trafficking enterprise and muscle (armed men) working under José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha; nicknamed "the Mexican", and the eccentric German Colombian figure Carlos Lehder who initially partnered up with the infamous American smuggler George Jung or "Boston George" who he was bunkmates with in prison at the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury where Jung was incarcerated at the same time as Lehder on charges of marijuana trafficking.
Prior to this, Escobar's initial smuggling ring and control over small gangs of hired gunmen on his payroll was merely just a precursor to the final and full-fledged massive criminal organization (economic cartel) itself. Once these other successful smugglers already acquainted with Escobar stepped in to combine their trafficking power and capabilities with Escobar's after seeing the level of wealth amassed from cocaine when marketed in the North American transportation hubs of and ever-growing demand; this is when the label "cartel" came into play, although the organization's members did not originally refer to themselves as such. The term cartel in reference to the economical-organizational nature of these now commonplace Latin American drug trafficking groups in particular, seems to have been a label first coined by the US State Department or intelligence community in order to distinguish these higher-level crime mobs from traditional moderate-sized gangs. Eventually with the drug cartel label becoming a household name where it likely later on then became a label embraced by the criminal group itself during its later years. This kind of economic bolstering resulting from collaborations between the power structures of once separate groups essentially gave way to a type of positive feedback loop, where a further gain in drug profits after their initial expansion in size inevitably led to an even greater consolidation of power and growth which then subsequently led to another cycle of increased profiting and so on and so forth.
Carlos Lehder and George Jung (1976–1978)
Jung described the Danbury prison facility located in Connecticut as a "medium-low security prison" that was "full of mob guys". He goes on to point out the "irony" (likely due to his marijuana charges) of him being assigned Colombian Carlos Lehder as a bunkmate who was serving a sentence for stealing cars and shipping them to South America. They casually discussed their charges, Jung mentioning he was caught flying marijuana out of Mexico; Lehder responded by asking him if he "knew anything about cocaine". He did not at the time, but became immediately entranced when Lehder went on to say; "you know it costs $60,000 a kilo". A proclamation that functioned as a compelling sales pitch for Jung; they both waited until getting out before attempting to get involved in the cocaine business.
While incarcerated together, Jung benefited Lehder by giving him valuable input and tips on how to smuggle drugs effectively. Jung was knowledgeable in this area due to his past experience flying shipments of marijuana across international borders—from Mexico into the US, and within the US, from California to New England. Lehder, however, would also be of benefit to Jung, once they were both released from prison, by introducing him to Colombia's most powerful drug smuggler: Pablo Escobar. This would prove useful to Jung in the future, when later he and Lehder had a falling out and were no longer in business together.
Around 1976, both men were out of prison (Jung being released slightly after Lehder). Lehder's behavior became increasingly erratic, supposedly "crazed" and "megalomaniacal" in the last two or three years of the 1970s, spiraling even further during the early 1980s. By decade's end (around 1978), Lehder had betrayed Jung. Lehder did this by trying to push Jung out of the business and began setting up his own major cocaine transshipment operation for Escobar and the Medellín organization on an island in the Bahamas called Norman's Cay. Here, Lehder would take up an unconventional, hedonistic, drug-fueled lifestyle after getting the island's residents to leave, either by force or by bribery. Jung from that point on just attempted to steer clear of Lehder, so he simply went back to Colombia to meet with Escobar directly, in order to establish a new, but now more modestly-sized, trafficking endeavor. This was to continue to operate under Escobar's network, since the two still had a good relationship, and Escobar could directly utilize Lehder as a reliable connection for acquiring sizable amounts of South American powdered cocaine.
Both Jung and Lehder made millions of dollars, not just for themselves, but for the cartel too, with their highly successful cocaine-distribution operation, that arguably may have been a factor in triggering America's cultural "cocaine era"; the take-off of this cultural phenomenon noticeably coincided with the beginning of Jung and Lehder's involvement in cocaine distribution. Despite their incredibly profitable smuggling operation, it only lasted from roughly 1976 to 1978. In this short period, however, they were able to achieve a historically unprecedented drug-trafficking operation that proved invaluable to Escobar's and the Medellín Cartel's overall initial rise to being the preeminent cocaine enterprise. Both Jung and Lehder were in the unique position of not only having been around during the very earliest days of the Medellín trafficking conglomerate which later birthed the cartel, but were also both in many ways directly responsible for the accelerated growth during its beginnings. Although Escobar and the others were highly capable and ingenious smugglers, they technically still did not have a major market in the United States or a major transportation system for their product. It was Jung and Lehder who effectively provided this.
From independent smuggling ring to collaborative cartel (1976–1979)
Pablo Escobar and his cousin Gustavo's mid-70s newly transformed trafficking operation aimed at moving cocaine powder into America after first fully ascertaining the indispensable distribution network capabilities and other logistical elements both Carlos Lehder and George Jung could facilitate for the sale of their product in the now major emerging markets was about to undergo another type of expansion. After carrying out their new cocaine operations with this augmented distribution system, this soon led the two cousins (Pablo and Gustavo) to amass a staggering amount of wealth in such a short timeframe (primarily due to Jung and Lehder), that their other fellow Colombian criminal acquaintances who were already noteworthy regional figures in the smuggling world, such as José Rodriguez Gacha and the Ochoas who were not yet part of the organization but began to more seriously consider getting involved with the two cousins and the cocaine business eventually came into the fold.
At this point, Pablo and Gustavo converged the increasing power and wealth of their single "independent" smuggling-ring towards a conglomerate made up of the multiple aforementioned smuggling rings coupled together in a collaborative fashion so as to give the overall organization a stronger backbone and structural apparatus by allowing Gacha and the Ochoas to pair up and synergize the relative power-spheres of their own trafficking networks with Escobar's, so as to maximize and concentrate their power instead of keeping it divided. After seeing the results of Pablo and Gustavo's impressive rates of profit and success (which now surpassed the Ochoas), they all soon began to prioritize the smuggling of cocaine over virtually all other forms of 'goods' and contraband, such as the items of commerce that had already served to profit them in years past.
1980s cocaine boom
This lucrative and newfound, expansive network of traffickers began to creatively utilize many novel methods of getting their cocaine product into the U.S. at that point; implementing increased ingenuity and novel strategies into the smuggling logistics. This ranged from cocaine-stuffed hollow pellets, multilayered condoms, or balloons which are then swallowed by mules to make it through customs or international borders (especially in commercial flight transportation) without detection, to hefty amounts loaded onto Cessnas; these now being recognized as a favorite method for smugglers throughout the years because of their ability to fly slowly which permit more accurate deliveries to drop zones. Some smuggling strategies also purportedly included diverting law-enforcement's attention away from one smuggled load of cocaine in order to smuggle in an even larger amount when authorities' attention and related interdiction resources were distracted or compromised. These rapid and clever innovations in illegal drug trafficking techniques by increasingly and well-funded organized criminal groups; such as Escobar and his Medellín associates proved to be too much for American law enforcement to effectively catch up with or curtail, especially with the price of cocaine dropping by 1980 and becoming yet even more popular and now among a much wider demographic instead of mostly just the affluent as it was in the late 70s. This would inevitably result in the manifestation of widespread cocaine use and cultural normalization, simultaneous crime waves in almost all major US cities, as well as small "drug wars" within the evermore relevant transshipment point areas or cities like Miami (see: Miami drug war) as well as in the ghettos of Los Angeles (see: Freeway Ricky Ross). Therefore, by the turn of the decade it was no longer just a drug of the sybaritic and wealthy despite still being a cultural status symbol of class and wealth in the early 80s.
The United States' "cocaine boom" era enriched the Colombian smugglers and catapulted them into massive levels of profit and wealth that now was in the billions of dollars, essentially all in the form of cash. During the cartel's peak, Escobar oversaw the import of large shipments of coca paste from Andean nations such as Peru and Bolivia into Colombia, where it was then processed into powdered cocaine in jungle labs such as in the case of Tranquilandia, before being flown into the United States in amounts of up to 15 tons per day at some points.
By 1982, cocaine surpassed coffee as the chief Colombian export (see: Coffee production in Colombia). Around this time in the early 1980s, kidnappings made by guerrilla groups led the State to collaborate with criminal groups like those formed by Escobar and the Ochoas. The abduction of Carlos Lehder as well as the 1981 kidnapping of the sister of the Ochoas; Martha Ochoa which led to the creation of cartel-funded private armies that were created to fight off guerrillas who were trying to either redistribute their lands to local peasants, kidnap them, or extort the gramaje money that the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia or FARC) attempted to steal.
"Death to Kidnappers" (1981)
At the end of 1981 and the beginning of 1982, members of the Medellín Cartel, Cali Cartel, the Colombian military, the U.S.-based corporation Texas Petroleum, the Colombian legislature, small industrialists, and wealthy cattle ranchers came together in a series of meetings in Puerto Boyacá and formed a paramilitary organization known as Muerte a Secuestradores ("Death to Kidnappers", MAS) to defend their economic interests, and to provide protection for local elites from kidnappings and extortion. By 1983, Colombian internal affairs had registered 240 political killings by MAS death squads, mostly community leaders, elected officials, and farmers.
The following year, the Asociación Campesina de Ganaderos y Agricultores del Magdalena Medio ("Association of Middle Magdalena Ranchers and Farmers", ACDEGAM) was created to handle both the logistics and the public relations of the organization, and to provide a legal front for various paramilitary groups. ACDEGAM worked to promote anti-labor policies, and threatened anyone involved with organizing for labor or peasants' rights. The threats were backed up by the MAS, which would attack or assassinate anyone who was suspected of being a "subversive". ACDEGAM also built schools whose stated purpose was the creation of a "patriotic and anti-Communist" educational environment, and built roads, bridges, and health clinics. Paramilitary recruiting, weapons storage, communications, propaganda, and medical services were all run out of ACDEGAM headquarters.
By the mid-1980s, ACDEGAM and MAS had undergone significant growth. In 1985, Pablo Escobar began funneling large amounts of cash into the organization to pay for equipment, training, and weaponry. Money for social projects was cut off and redirected towards strengthening the MAS. Modern battle rifles, such as the AKM, FN FAL, Galil, and HK G3, were purchased from the military, INDUMIL, and drug-funded private sales. The organization had computers and ran a communications center that worked in coordination with the state telecommunications office. They had 30 pilots, and an assortment of fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. British, Israeli, and U.S. military instructors were hired to teach at paramilitary training centers.
Middlelate 1980s
Following this time in the mid-80s, Escobar's hold on Medellín further increased when he founded a criminal debt collection service known as the "Oficina de Envigado" (The Office), which was considered their first "oficina de cobro" (collections service). This was an actual physical office located in the town hall of Envigado, a small municipality next to Medellín where Escobar grew up. Escobar used the municipal office to collect debts owed to him by other drug traffickers and set the "sicarios" or hired killers on those who refused. Escobar was known to flaunt his wealth and went on to make Forbes' Billionaires list for seven years straight, between 1987 and 1993. His luxurious multimillion-dollar "Hacienda Nápoles" estate had its own zoo, and he reportedly ate from solid gold dinner sets. Escobar was known for investing profits from the drug trade in luxury goods, property, and works of art. He is also reported to have stashed his cash in "hidden coves", allegedly burying it on his farms and under floors in many of his houses.
"Los Extraditables" (1984)
Early 1990s
Pablo Escobar's death (December, 1993)
After a long, drawn-out manhunt that lasted many months; on the 2nd of December, 1993 Escobar was finally found with only one bodyguard left by his side; Limón (Alvaro de Jesús Agudelo) who was also his longtime chauffeur (driver). They were found hiding out in a house in a middle-class residential area of his hometown of Medellín (Carrera 79B No. 45D – 94, Los Olivos neighborhood) by Colombian special forces supposedly using tracking technology provided by the United States. This was a direct consequence of Escobar the day before; on his 44th birthday (Wednesday) making a call from the hideout location to his family who were being protected by the government in a luxury hotel in the nation's capital of Bogota. This was also just after the family had returned from an unsuccessful attempt to travel by plane and take refuge in Germany. The authorities, going off the traceable data from the hotel which received Escobar's call began to utilize an electronic tracking system in order to pinpoint the geographical positioning that the call had originated from. At this time, Escobar who now had a long beard according to witnesses had apparently been hiding out there for almost six weeks. First after some initial troubleshooting, both the drug lord and Limón were eventually located the next day. Police tried to arrest Escobar upon arrival, but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of gunfire. By the time Pablo and Limón escaped the inside of the building and tried to outrun the authorities on a tiled terracotta rooftop, Limón was soon shot and killed. Moments later Escobar himself was then shot and killed as he continued to try and make his way from the pursuing officers whilst still running across the top of the roof to escape. He was hit by bullets in the torso and feet, and a bullet which struck him in the ear, killing him.
This has sparked debate however about whether he killed himself or whether he was actually shot dead by the Colombian authorities, with his son Sebastián Marroquín (formerly named; Juan Pablo Escobar) still believing to this day that he shot himself due to the positioning of the bullet's entry wound behind his ear where he says his father would've apparently aimed for if he was going to attempt to kill himself. Escobar's primary objective in an end scenario such as this was simply to not allow himself to be captured alive and suffer for the rest of his life in the U.S. prison system via extradition or to be captured and tortured like he did to so many others. Escobar's legacy remains controversial; while many denounce the heinous nature of his crimes and terrorism, he was still seen as a "Robin Hood-like" figure for many in Colombia, as he provided many amenities such as the funding of infrastructure and residencies for the poor, especially in barrios throughout the areas surrounding Medellín. His death was mourned and his funeral attended by over 25,000 people. Additionally, his private estate, Hacienda Nápoles was thereafter eventually transformed into a theme park. His life as a major cocaine trafficker and incredibly wealthy criminal (bandido) has been dramatized widely in film and has served as inspiration for pop cultural references and the retelling of his gripping story as a prominent drug lord in both television, books and music.
Political relations
During the later years of the Cold War, the number of left-wing guerrillas spread in Latin America skyrocketed. The conflicts between them and the right-wing paramilitaries groups and dictatorships, mostly backed by CIA, made the Cartel's search for new allies while it was forced to be involved in corruption outside Colombia for political protection.
Relations with the Colombian government
Once U.S. authorities were made aware of "questionable activities", the group was put under Federal Drug Task Force surveillance. Evidence was gathered, compiled, and presented to a grand jury, resulting in indictments, arrests, and prison sentences for those convicted in the United States. However, very few Colombian cartel leaders were actually taken into custody as a result of these operations. Mostly, non-Colombians conspiring with the cartel were the "fruits" of these indictments in the United States.
Most Colombians targeted, as well as those named in such indictments, lived and stayed in Colombia, or fled before indictments were unsealed. However, by 1993 most, if not all, cartel fugitives had been either imprisoned, or located and shot dead, by the Colombian National Police trained and assisted by specialized military units and the CIA.
The last of Escobar's lieutenants to be assassinated was Juan Diego Arcila Henao, who had been released from a Colombian prison in 2002 and hidden in Venezuela to avoid the vengeance of "Los Pepes". However he was shot and killed in his Jeep Cherokee as he exited the parking area of his home in Cumaná, Venezuela, in April 2007.
While it is broadly believed that Los Pepes have been instrumental in the assassination of the cartel's members over the last 21 years, it is still in dispute whether the mantle is just a screen designed to deflect political repercussions from both the Colombian and United States governments' involvement in these assassinations.
Relations with the CIA
The Kerry Committee report had reached the conclusion that the CIA provided the political protection for the Contras to smuggle cocaine into the US, as the money from these operations was employed in the fight against the Sandinista government. Also the same report made public that Juan Matta-Ballesteros, the link between the Medellin Cartel and the Guadalajara one and responsible for most of cocaine logistics from Colombia to Mexico, was collaborating with the Contras, sending weapons, general supplies and the cocaine itself - this leads to the conclusion that the cocaine supplied to the Contras was Medellin Cartel's product.
Things began changing after the report was published as the CIA was forced to save face in the scandal. The agency blamed the cocaine smuggling to the Colombian guerrillas and explored the links between the Medellin Cartel and the left-wing organizations, making the right-wing paramilitaries in Colombia turn against the Medellin Cartel, helping forming the Los Pepes death squad. This would also allow the CIA to participate more directly in the Colombian armed conflict.
Another action from the CIA to clean its image was the removal of support for Manuel Noriega, who was prosecuted for conspiracy with drug smuggling activities between 1989 and 1990. The CIA, once one of Noriega's allies, was one of the minds back the Operation Just Cause, which effectively ended Noriega's term and led to his arrest. The end of the Panamian connection was one of the hardest hits on the Cartel operations, speeding up its decline.
Relations with Nicaraguan government
The Carlos Lehder's Norman's Cay strategy was shut down in 1982 after the Bahamian government started chasing the drug traffic. Hence, Central America was the path chosen by the Cartel to reach the US. In 1985, the DEA, knowing about Barry Seal ties with both the Medellin Cartel, made the pilot take pictures of the cartel's landing stripes in Nicaragua. The DEA prior investigation appointed that the cartel had the protection from the FSLN, the Sandinist party, to use Nicaragua as a "warehouse" for Matta-Ballesteros' logistic operation for either Medellin and Guadalajara cartels.
Knowing Seal's activity as a DEA informant, the cartel put a contract on him, having him murdered in February 1986. In March 16 the same year, during a TV national address, the president of the United States Ronald Reagan used surveillance pictures taken on Seal's undercover mission that showed Escobar, Gacha, the Nicaraguan government official Federico Vaughan and several other men loading a plane with cocaine.
Relations with Panamanian government
After Manuel Noriega arrest, the DEA and FBI got several tips linking the former dictator to the Medellin Cartel. The Nicaraguan and Colombian conflicts in remote areas could make both countries unsafe to operate, and the cartel was searching for new places to use as a stopover. Manuel Noriega, in exchange of bribes and share on profits, agreed using Panama as another stopover for the cartel logistics. Also, the links between him and the Cartel ensured that Panama could be a hideout for the group leadership and that the government would ignore their money laundering operations in the country.
The CIA turned a blind eye to the link between Medellin Cartel and Noriega, as he had an aggressive anticommunist policy. However, the agency stopped supporting Noriega after his ties with the Cartel came to public.
Relations with Cuban government
During the 1980 decade, the decrease and later end of Soviet Union subsidies almost wiped out the Cuban economy. During Manuel Noriega judgement, Carlos Lehder, the cartel member responsible for ensuring that the cocaine would reach Florida, testified that, as the drug smuggling to the USA was doing billions of dollars, Cuban intelligence helped manage Nicaraguan operations and the island's government agreed to using Cuba as one of the stopovers for the cartel. This was made with knowledge of the Castro brothers, having the younger, Raúl Castro, met with Lehder.
Fear of extradition
Perhaps the greatest threat posed to the Medellín Cartel and the other traffickers was the implementation of an extradition treaty between the United States and Colombia. It allowed Colombia to extradite to the US any Colombian suspected of drug trafficking and to be tried there for their crimes. This was a major problem for the cartel, since the drug traffickers had little access to their local power and influence in the US, and a trial there would most likely lead to imprisonment. Among the staunch supporters of the extradition treaty were Colombian Justice Minister Rodrigo Lara (who was pushing for more action against the drug cartels), Police Officer Jaime Ramírez, and numerous Colombian Supreme Court judges.
However, the cartel applied a "bend or break" strategy towards several of these supporters, using bribery, extortion, or violence. Nevertheless, when police efforts began to cause major losses, some of the major drug lords themselves were temporarily pushed out of Colombia, forcing them into hiding from which they ordered cartel members to take out key supporters of the extradition treaty.
The cartel issued death threats to the Supreme Court Judges, asking them to denounce the Extradition Treaty. The warnings were ignored.
This led Escobar and the group he called Los Extraditables ("The Extraditables") to start a violent campaign to pressure the Colombian government by committing a series of kidnappings, murders, and narco-terrorist actions.
Alleged relation with the M-19
In November 1985, 35 heavily armed members of the M-19 guerrilla group stormed the Colombian Supreme Court in Bogotá, leading to the Palace of Justice siege. Some claimed at the time that the cartel's influence was behind the M-19's raid, because of its interest in intimidating the Supreme Court. Others state that the alleged cartel-guerrilla relationship was unlikely to occur at the time because the two organizations had been having several standoffs and confrontations, like the kidnappings by M-19 of drug lord Carlos Lehder and of Marta Nieves Ochoa, the sister of Juan David Ochoa. These kidnappings led to the creation of the MAS/Muerte a Secuestradores ("Death to Kidnappers") paramilitary group by Pablo Escobar. Former guerrilla members have also denied that the cartel had any part in this event. The issue continues to be debated inside Colombia.
Assassinations
As a means of intimidation, the cartel conducted thousands of assassinations throughout the country. Escobar and his associates made it clear that whoever stood against them would risk being killed along with their families. Some estimates put the total around 3,500 killed during the height of the cartel's activities, including over 500 police officers in Medellín, but the entire list is impossible to assemble, due to the limitation of the judiciary power in Colombia. The following is a brief list of the most notorious assassinations conducted by the cartel:
Luis Vasco and Gilberto Hernandez, two DAS agents who had arrested Pablo Escobar in 1976. Among the earliest assassinations of authority figures by the cartel.
Rodrigo Lara, Minister of Justice, killed on a Bogotá highway on April 30, 1984, when two gunmen riding a motorcycle approached his vehicle in traffic and opened fire.
Tulio Manuel Castro Gil, Superior Judge which investigating Escobar for the assassination of two DAS agents which in 1977 arrested Escobar and his cousin Gustavo Gaviria, killed by motorcycle gunmen in July 1985, shortly after indicting Escobar.
Hernando Baquero Borda, Supreme Court Justice; rapporteur and defender of the Extradition Treaty with the United States, killed by gunmen in Bogotá on July 31, 1986.
Jaime Ramírez Gómez, Police Colonel and head of the anti-narcotics unit of the National Police of Colombia. Killed near Fontibon on his way to Bogota on November 17, 1986, when assassins in a green Renault 18 beside his red Mitsubishi Montero and opened fire. Ramírez was killed instantly; his wife and two sons were unharmed
Guillermo Cano Isaza, director of El Espectador who revealed publicly Escobar's criminal past, killed on December 17, 1986, in Bogotá by gunmen riding a motorcycle.
Jaime Pardo Leal, presidential candidate and head of the Patriotic Union party, killed by a gunman in October 1987.
Carlos Mauro Hoyos, Attorney General, kidnapped then killed by gunmen in Medellín in January 1988.
Antonio Roldan Betancur, governor of Antioquia, killed by a car bomb in July 1989.
Waldemar Franklin Quintero, Commander of the Antioquia police, killed by gunmen in Medellín in August 1989.
Luis Carlos Galán, presidential candidate, killed by gunmen during a rally in Soacha in August 1989. The assassination was carried out on the same day the commander of the Antioquia police was gunned down by the cartel.
Carlos Ernesto Valencia, Superior Judge, killed by gunmen shortly after indicting Escobar on the death of Guillermo Cano, in August 1989.
Jorge Enrique Pulido, journalist, director of Jorge Enrique Pulido TV, killed by gunmen in Bogotá in November 1989.
Diana Turbay, journalist, chief editor of the Hoy por Hoy magazine and former president Julio César Turbay Ayala's daughter, killed by Colombian military during a rescue attempt in January 1991. Actually, the bullet found in her body came from a police helicopter.
Enrique Low Murtra, Minister of Justice, killed by gunmen in downtown Bogotá in May 1991.
Myriam Rocio Velez, Superior Judge, killed by gunmen shortly before she was to sentence Escobar on the assassination of Galán, in September 1992.
Miguel Maza Márquez was targeted in the DAS Building Bombing, resulting in the death of 52 civilians caught in the blast. Miguel escaped unharmed.
In 1993, shortly before Escobar's death, the cartel lieutenants were also targeted by the vigilante group Los Pepes (or PEPES, People Persecuted by Pablo Escobar).
With the assassination of Juan Diego Arcila Henao in 2007, most if not all of Escobar's lieutenants who were not in prison had been killed by the Colombian National Police Search Bloc (trained and assisted by U.S. Delta Force and CIA operatives), or by the Los Pepes vigilantes.
DEA agents considered that their four-pronged "Kingpin Strategy", specifically targeting senior cartel figures, was a major contributing factor to the collapse of the organization.
Legacy
La Oficina de Envigado is believed to be a partial successor to the Medellín organization. It was founded by Don Berna as an enforcement wing for the Medellín Cartel. When Don Berna fell out with Escobar, La Oficina caused Escobar's rivals to oust Escobar. The organization then inherited the Medellín turf and its criminal connections in the US, Mexico, and the UK, and began to affiliate with the paramilitary United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, organizing drug trafficking operations on their behalf.
In popular culture
The cartel has been both featured and referenced in numerous works of popular culture.
Kings of Cocaine: Inside the Medellín Cartel - An Astonishing True Story of Murder, Money and International Corruption, Book by Guy Gugliotta
Blow: 2001 film about drug smuggler George Jung, Carlos Lehder (named Diego Delgado in the film) and the Medellín Cartel
Narcos is a Netflix original television series (2015–2017) that chronicles the life of Pablo Escobar and the rise of the Medellín Cartel. The first and second season depict his rise to the status of a powerful drug lord as well his narcoterrorist acts, war against the Colombian government and finally, his death. The role of Escobar is played by Brazilian actor Wagner Moura. The Medellín organization is also briefly depicted and mentioned in the spinoff series Narcos: Mexico.
Cocaine Cowboys and Cocaine Cowboys 2: documentary series about the Miami Drug War and Griselda Blanco
American Desperado: a book by journalist Evan Wright and former Medellín Cartel trafficker Jon Roberts
The Two Escobars: an ESPN 30 for 30 film details the link between the Medellín Cartel and the rise of Colombian football
American Made: 2017 fictionalised film about drug smuggler Barry Seal (Tom Cruise) and the Medellín Cartel, led by Jorge Ochoa (Alejandro Edda)
Season 2 episode 7 of Deadliest Warrior pitted the Medellín Cartel against the Somali Pirates with Michael Corleone Blanco, Son Of Griselda Blanco and gangster turned informant Kenny "Kenji" Gallo testing the cartel's weapons.
See also
Colombian Conflict
Drug barons of Colombia
Miami Drug War
Narcoterrorism
Narcotrafficking in Colombia
Tranquilandia
Juan Matta-Ballesteros
Max Mermelstein
Mickey Munday
Jack Carlton Reed
Jon Roberts
Virginia Vallejo
References
Further reading
A book that details the efforts by the governments of the United States and Colombia, their respective military and intelligence forces, and Los Pepes (controlled by the Cali cartel) to stop illegal activities committed by Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar and his subordinates. It relates how Escobar was killed and his cartel dismantled.
External links
Organizations established in 1972
1972 establishments in Colombia
Organizations disestablished in 1993
1993 disestablishments in Colombia
Disbanded Colombian drug cartels
Medellín
Terrorism in Colombia
Transnational organized crime
Organized crime groups in the United States
Gangs in Florida
Former gangs in New York City
Organised crime groups in Spain
Pablo Escobar
Colombian Mafia |
Trichilia florbranca is a species of plant in the family Meliaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
florbranca
Endemic flora of Brazil
Critically endangered plants
Critically endangered biota of South America
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# ==============================================================================
"""
Train the program by launching it with random parametters
"""
from tqdm import tqdm
import os
def main():
"""
Launch the training with different parametters
"""
# TODO: define:
# step+noize
# log scale instead of uniform
# Define parametter: [min, max]
dictParams = {
"batchSize": [int, [1, 3]]
"learningRate": [float, [1, 3]]
}
# Training multiple times with different parametters
for i in range(10):
# Generate the command line arguments
trainingArgs = ""
for keyArg, valueArg in dictParams:
value = str(random(valueArg[0], max=valueArg[1]))
trainingArgs += " --" + keyArg + " " + value
# Launch the program
os.run("main.py" + trainingArgs)
# TODO: Save params/results ? or already inside training args ?
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
``` |
The Takelma–Kalapuyan languages (also Takelman) are a proposed small language family that comprises the Kalapuyan languages and Takelma, which were formerly spoken in the Willamette Valley and the Rogue Valley in Oregon.
Proposal
The idea of a special relation between Takelma and the Kalapuyan languages was first developed by Leo Frachtenberg (1918), who listed 55 lexical correspondences between Takelma and Central Kalapuya. Based on Frachtenberg's observations, Edward Sapir (1921) included both Takelma and Kalapuyan in his extended version of the Penutian "stock", listing them however as individual members without positing a special relationship between the two.
The first explicit proposal for a family comprising only Takelma and Kalapuyan (as member of the Penutian "stock") was made by Morris Swadesh (1965) in a lexicostatistic study, who found a lexical similarity of 48% between Takelma and Kalapuyan, although this figure was based on rather bold assumptions about lexical matches. Shipley (1969) made the first attempt towards establishing regular sound correspondences by strictly applying the comparative method, and listed sixty-five preliminary reconstructions for "Proto-Takelman". Further lexical cognate sets were given by Berman (1988), while Kendall (1997) presented phonological and morphological correspondences.
Reception
Lyle Campbell (1997) considered the proposed Takelma-Kalapuyan hypothesis "highly likely, if not fully demonstrated", and listed them as a single subgroup in an overview of Native American language families that is otherwise characterized by a very critical stance against wide-range proposals. Takelma-Kalapuyan is also tentatively accepted by Victor Golla (2011).
In an unpublished, but widely cited conference paper, Tarpent and Kendall (1998) critically evaluated the evidence for Takelma-Kalapuyan, and concluded that a grouping which exclusively comprises Takelma and Kalapuyan is not justified, and that features shared between the two have to be assessed in a wider Penutian context (a similar position was taken before by Silverstein (1979)). Marianne Mithun (1999) accepts Tarpent and Kendall's findings, but remains sceptical about the validity of the Penutian hypothesis, and therefore lists Takelma as a language isolate and Kalapuyan as a primary language family.
Grant (2002) maintains that even though the relation between Takelma and Kalapuyan is not as close as previously assumed, Tarpent and Kendall's discussion does not invalidate the hypothesis that Takelma and Kalapuyan are "each other's closest genetic relatives", albeit only at an extremely distant level.
Prehistory
The Kalapuyan languages and Takelma were spoken in two discontiguous areas: while Kalapuyan speakers inhabited the Willamette Valley, Takelma speakers lived in the Rogue Valley in the southernmost part of Oregon. Inbetween, the Athabaskan Upper Umpqua language was spoken. This suggests that Takelma was initially spoken in the direct neighborhood of the Kalapuyan area, being separated from the Kalapuyans, and pushed southwards by intruding Athabaskan speakers. Golla (2011) suggests that Takelma replaced an earlier Karuk-like language in the Rogue Valley, based on aeral features shared by Takelma and Karuk. This event is possibly related to archaeological evidence of a transition in the material cultures of the Rogue Valley that occurred around 300 CE, from the "Glade Tradition" to the "Siskiyou Pattern".
Proto-language
Proto-Takelma–Kalapuyan ("Proto-Takelman") reconstructions by William Shipley (1969):
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! no. !! gloss !! Proto-Takelman
|-
| 1 || alder || *po·ph
|-
| 2 || ant || **tipusì·
|-
| 3 || arise || *te·p
|-
| 4 || arrive || *wok
|-
| 5 || aunt, paternal || *thàth
|-
| 6 || bite || *ye·kʷ
|-
| 7 || blood || *yó·m
|-
| 8 || blow || *pho·ł
|-
| 9 || camass || *ti·ph
|-
| 10 || cedar || *l- -m
|-
| 11 || chipmunk || *kʷis
|-
| 12 || climb || **hilu, huwil
|-
| 13 || cold || *thu·ku(n)
|-
| 14 || cry || *tha·k
|-
| 15 || cut || *(s)k- -p
|-
| 16 || daughter || **peyane
|-
| 17 || dirt || *pólo
|-
| 18 || dive || *yalk
|-
| 19 || drink || *ʔu·kʷit
|-
| 20 || dust || *(s)khò·p
|-
| 21 || elk || *thkám
|-
| 22 || father || *ham
|-
| 23 || father || *mà
|-
| 24 || fear || *ni·w
|-
| 25 || finish || *takh
|-
| 26 || flea || *te·wek
|-
| 27 || fly || *thkàn(ak)
|-
| 28 || go for || *wo·(t)
|-
| 29 || grass || **lu·kʷá·y
|-
| 30 || I || **kí·
|-
| 31 || know || **yokʷhoy
|-
| 32 || left || **(s)kày
|-
| 33 || liver || *páL
|-
| 34 || long || **páLs
|-
| 35 || marry || *yo·kʷ
|-
| 36 || mother || *ni
|-
| 37 || name || *kʷet(éy)
|-
| 38 || neck || *pò·kh(t)
|-
| 39 || new || *pa(n)lá(w)
|-
| 40 || otter || **kʷin
|-
| 41 || owl || *thukwal-
|-
| 42 || owl, screech || *(t)popó(ph)
|-
| 43 || panther || *huLikh
|-
| 44 || path || *kʷaL(i), kawL(i)
|-
| 45 || penis || *khál
|-
| 46 || pierce || *t(w)al
|-
| 47 || push || *tuyk
|-
| 48 || rattlesnake || *tk- -m
|-
| 49 || red || *cil
|-
| 50 || river || *kel
|-
| 51 || rock || *tá(n)
|-
| 52 || say || *naka
|-
| 53 || seek || *ʔo·t
|-
| 54 || shout || *la(·)law
|-
| 55 || sit || *yo·
|-
| 56 || sleep || *way(a·)n
|-
| 57 || snail || *thpáLith
|-
| 58 || spider || *to·m
|-
| 59 || squirrel || *poyakh
|-
| 60 || sun || **pyan
|-
| 61 || tears || *yét
|-
| 62 || this || *ha·
|-
| 63 || thou || *ma·
|-
| 64 || three || **xùpsiní
|-
| 65 || tie || *takh(t)
|-
| 66 || two || *ka·m(i)
|-
| 67 || uncle, maternal || *has
|-
| 68 || wildcat || *ya·kʷh(a)
|-
| 69 || yellowjacket || **tyał
|}
References
Citations
Bibliography
Penutian languages
Indigenous languages of Oregon
Takelma-Kalapuyan |
Gerhard Rohlfs (July 14, 1892 – September 12, 1986) was a German linguist. He taught Romance languages and literature at the universities in Tübingen and Munich. He was described as an "archeologist of words".
Biography
Rohlfs was born in Berlin-Lichterfelde. His main interest was the languages and dialects spoken in Southern Italy and he travelled extensively in this region. He studied Italiot Greek (a language still spoken in a few places in Salento, southern Apulia, and in Bovesia, southern Calabria) and found several indications suggesting that Italiot-Greek is a direct descendant of the language originally spoken by the Greek colonists of Magna Grecia. He first advanced this theory in his book Griechen und Romanen in Unteritalien (1924). He also published two complete vocabularies of the dialects spoken in Bovesia (1938-1939) and in Salento (1956-1961).
His main work is considered to be his Historical Grammar of the Italian Language and its Dialects (Historische Grammatik der italienischen Sprache und ihrer Mundarten, 1949-1954). He received honorary degrees from the University of Calabria in Cosenza and the University of Salento in Lecce. He died in Tübingen.
Selected works
Romanische Sprachgeographie: Geschichte und Grundlagen, Aspekte und Probleme mit dem Versuch eines Sprachatlas der romanischen Sprachen. C. H. Beck, München 1971.
Historische Grammatik der italienischen Sprache und ihrer Mundarten, 3 Bände, Francke, Bern 1949–1954; Neubearb. unter dem Titel Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti, 3 Bde., Einaudi, Turin 1966–1969 und mehrere Nachdrucke.
Vocabolario dei dialetti salentini (Terra d'Otranto). Verlag der Bayer. Akad. d. Wiss., München, 2 volumes (1956-1957) and 1 supplement (1961) - reprinted by Congedo Editore, (Galatina) in 1976.
Rätoromanisch. Die Sonderstellung des Rätoromanischen zwischen Italienisch und Französisch; eine kulturgeschichtliche und linguistische Einführung. C. H. Beck, München 1975, .
Le Gascon. Etudes de philologie pyrénéenne. Editions Marrimpouey Jeune, Pau & Niemeyer, Tübingen 1977.
Sermo vulgaris Latinus. Vulgärlateinisches Lesebuch. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1951 (Sammlung kurzer Lehrbücher der romanischen Sprachen und Literaturen; Band 13).
Lexicon graecanicum Italiae inferioris. 2., erw. u. völlig neubearb. Aufl. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1964 (1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der unteritalienischen Gräzität).
Nuovo dizionario dialettale della Calabria. Con repertorio italo-calabro. Nuova ed. interamente rielab., ampl. ed aggiornata, 3. rist. Longo Ravenna 1982.
Soprannomi siciliani. Palermo 1984 (Centro di Studi Filologici e Linguistici Siciliani. Lessici siciliani; Band 2).
Gerhard Rohlfs - La Calabria contadina - Scavo linguistico e fotografie del primo Novecento, a cura di/Hrsg. Antonio Panzarella, Edizioni Scientifiche Calabresi, Rende 2006, (Bildband mit Fotos, die Rohlfs aufgenommenen und sprachwissenschaftlich kommentiert hat).
Primitive Kuppelbauten in Europa. BAdW. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung München 1957 (it. Ausg. Primitive costruzioni a cupola in Europa, Firenze 1963)
Bibliography
Hans Helmut Christmann: Gerhard Rohlfs (1892–1986). In: Eikasmós 4, 1993, S. 317–320 (PDF).
Salvatore Gemelli: Gerhard Rohlfs (1892–1986). Una vita per l’Italia dei dialetti. Rom 1990 (mit Schriftenverzeichnis von Liselotte Bihl, S. 237–290, insgesamt 727 Titel).
Utz Maas: Verfolgung und Auswanderung deutschsprachiger Sprachforscher 1933-1945. Band 1: Dokumentation. Biobibliographische Daten A-Z. Stauffenburg Verlag, Tübingen 2010, S. 841
References
External links
Veröffentlichungen von Gerhard Rohlfs im Opac der Regesta Imperii
Eintrag "Rohlfs, Gerhard" in Munzinger Online/Personen - Internationales Biographisches Archiv, URL: http://www.munzinger.de/document/00000005329
1892 births
1986 deaths
Writers from Berlin
Linguists from Germany
Literature educators
Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
Dialectologists
Grammarians from Germany
Grammarians of Italian
German male writers
Members of the Institute for Catalan Studies
20th-century linguists
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
"Space Age Love Song" is a 1982 single released by the British band A Flock of Seagulls. It was their fourth single. Lead guitarist Paul Reynolds remarked on their 1984 video album Through the Looking Glass that, as the band could not come up with a title for the track, he suggested "Space Age Love Song" because he thought it sounded like a space age love song. The song reached the top 30 in the UK and the US in June 1982 and February 1983 respectively.
In 2018, a re-recorded version of the song, featuring the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, was released as a 5-track and 8-track special edition EP. It is the first single from the band's sixth album, Ascension.
A music video of the song was produced in 1982 and featured the band miming a performance of the song. The 1982 music video also took place on top of the Danceteria nightclub in New York City. The band made another video in 2018 to coincide with the release of Ascension.
Lead singer Mike Score has said of the song's meaning, ""Space Age" was just about intimacy, if you'd like. When you meet somebody there is an instant eye contact if the chemistry is right. If everything is right, you catch their eye... that whole "across the crowded room/caught your eye" thing. The lyrics explain that: 'I saw your eyes and you made me smile.'"
Track listing
Chart performance
References
1982 songs
1982 singles
A Flock of Seagulls songs
Jive Records singles
Song recordings produced by Mike Howlett
Teldec singles |
The 2018 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships took place, for the third time, from 12–14 January 2018 in Dresden, Germany.
Medal summary
Medal table
Men's events
The results of the Championships:
Women's events
The results of the Championships:
Participating nations
See also
Short track speed skating
European Short Track Speed Skating Championships
References
External links
Official website
Results book
European Short Track Speed Skating Championships
European Short Track Speed Skating Championships
European Short Track Speed Skating Championships
International speed skating competitions hosted by Germany
Sport in Dresden
European Short Track Speed Skating Championships |
Markenzy Lapointe is an American lawyer who serves as United States attorney for the Southern District of Florida since January 2023.
Early life and education
Lapointe was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Lapointe moved to Miami with his family at the age of 16. After graduating from Miami Edison Senior High School in 1987, he attended Miami Dade College and joined the United States Marine Corps Reserve. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in finance from the Florida State University in 1993 and a Juris Doctor from the Florida State University College of Law in 1999.
Career
From 1999 to 2001, he worked as a law clerk for Florida Supreme Court Justice Harry Lee Anstead. From 2002 to 2006, he served as an assistant United States attorney for the Southern District of Florida. Lapointe was a partner at Boies Schiller Flexner LLP and joined Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman as partner in 2017.
U.S. attorney for the Southern District of Florida
On September 15, 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Lapointe to be the United States attorney for the Southern District of Florida. On December 1, 2022, his nomination was reported out of the Senate Judiciary Committee by voice vote. On December 6, 2022, his nomination was confirmed in the Senate by voice vote. He was sworn in on January 9, 2023, by Chief U.S. District Judge Cecilia Altonaga.
Personal life
Lapointe is multilingual, speaking English, Creole and French.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
Assistant United States Attorneys
Boies Schiller Flexner people
Florida lawyers
Florida State University alumni
Florida State University College of Law alumni
Haitian emigrants to the United States
People from Port-au-Prince
United States Attorneys for the Southern District of Florida |
Vriesea pardalina is a plant species in the genus Vriesea. This species is native to Brazil.
References
pardalina
Flora of Brazil |
Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FHL3 gene.
LIM proteins are defined by the possession of a highly conserved double zinc finger motif called the LIM domain.[supplied by OMIM]
Function
FHL3 plays a role in myogenesis and also stimulates the development of neural crest by enhancing BMP signaling.
Interactions
FHL3 has been shown to interact with:
CREB1,
CTBP2,
FHL2,
ITGA7 and
KLF3.
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors |
Songs for Sanity is the second solo studio album by American guitarist John 5. The album was released on September 13, 2005, through Shrapnel Records. It features guest appearances from Albert Lee and Steve Vai.
Track listing
Credits
John 5 – guitar, banjo, bass guitar (except on "Fiddler's"), associate producer album
Steve Vai – guitar on second half of each of the main two solos on "Perineum"
Albert Lee - guitar on the first solo on "Death Valley"
Larry Klein – bass guitar on "Fiddler's"
Josh Jones – bass guitar on "Fiddler's"
Rodger Carter – drums on tracks 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12
Aaron Rossi – drums on tracks 1, 2, 4, 7, and 11
Sid Riggs – keyboards (except on tracks 6, 8, and 9), producer, engineer, programming, mixing album
Kevin Savigar – keyboards on tracks 6, 8, and 9, producer, additional engineering
Mike Varney – executive producer
Shaun Evans – mixing assistant engineer
Maryanne Bilham – photography
Dave Stepens – graphic design, layout
Tim Gennert – mastering album
John 5 (guitarist) albums
2005 albums
Instrumental albums
Shrapnel Records albums |
Prodyscherus is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:
Prodyscherus alluaudi (Bänninger, 1934)
Prodyscherus androyanus Jeannel, 1946, 1946
Prodyscherus anosyensis Basilewsky, 1972
Prodyscherus australis Jeannel, 1946
Prodyscherus basilewskyi Bulirsch, Janák & P. Moravec, 2005
Prodyscherus curtipennis (Fairmaire, 1901)
Prodyscherus decaryi Jeannel, 1946
Prodyscherus externus (Fairmaire, 1901)
Prodyscherus grandidieri Jeannel, 1946
Prodyscherus granulatus Jeannel, 1946
Prodyscherus mandibularis (Fairmaire, 1901)
Prodyscherus meridionalis Jeannel, 1955
Prodyscherus morondavae Basilewsky, 1976
Prodyscherus nigrita (Bänninger, 1934)
Prodyscherus ovatus (Bänninger, 1934)
Prodyscherus pluto (Künckel, 1887)
Prodyscherus praelongus (Fairmaire, 1898)
Prodyscherus pseudomandibularis (Bänninger, 1934)
Prodyscherus rapax (Fairmaire, 1883)
Prodyscherus rugatus (Bänninger, 1934)
Prodyscherus sexiessetosus Jeannel, 1946
References
Scaritinae |
Sulfite reductases () are enzymes that participate in sulfur metabolism. They catalyze the reduction of sulfite to hydrogen sulfide and water. Electrons for the reaction are provided by a dissociable molecule of either NADPH, bound flavins, or ferredoxins.
SO32− (sulfite) + electron donor H2S (hydrogen sulfide) + oxidized donor + 3 H2O
Sulfite reductases, which belong to the oxidoreductase family, are found in archaea, bacteria, fungi, and plants. They are grouped as either assimilatory or dissimilatory sulfite reductases depending on their function, their spectroscopic properties, and their catalytic properties. This enzyme participates in selenoamino acid metabolism and sulfur assimilation. It employs two covalently coupled cofactors - an iron sulfur cluster and a siroheme - which deliver electrons to the substrate via this coupling.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydrogen-sulfide:acceptor oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include assimilatory sulfite reductase, assimilatory-type sulfite reductase, and hydrogen-sulfide:(acceptor) oxidoreductase.
References
Further reading
EC 1.8.99
Iron enzymes
Sulfur metabolism |
The 1963 Japan Series was the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) championship series for the 1963 season. It was the 14th Japan Series and featured the Pacific League champions, the Nishitetsu Lions, against the Central League champions, the Yomiuri Giants.
Summary
Matchups
Game 1
Saturday, October 26, 1963 – 1:00 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka
Game 2
Sunday, October 27, 1963 – 1:00 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka
Game 3
Wednesday, October 30, 1963 – 1:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunkyō, Tokyo
Game 4
Thursday, October 31, 1963 – 1:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunkyō, Tokyo
Game 5
Friday, November 1, 1963 – 1:00 pm at Korakuen Stadium in Bunkyō, Tokyo
Game 6
Sunday, November 3, 1963 – 12:59 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture
Game 7
Monday, November 4, 1963 – 12:59 pm at Heiwadai Stadium in Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture
See also
1963 World Series
References
Japan Series
Japan Series
Japan Series
Japan Series
Japan Series |
Klara Thormalm (born 29 March 1998) is a Swedish swimmer. She competed in the women's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2020 European Aquatics Championships, in Budapest, Hungary.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Swedish female breaststroke swimmers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
21st-century Swedish women |
Current listings
|}
Former listing
|}
References
North Portland, Oregon
North |
The 99th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1985, to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States census.
The Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives – albeit with both majorities slightly reduced from the 98th Congress.
This is the most recent Congress to feature a Republican senator from Maryland, Charles Mathias, who retired at the end of the Congress.
This is also the most recent Congress in which no Democratic women Senators served and the most recent Congress in which more Republican women Senators served than Democratic women Senators.
This was the most recent session of Congress prior to the 116th to feature a Republican Senate/Democratic House split and had a third-party House member.
Major events
January 20, 1985: Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a second term as president (publicly sworn in, January 21).
January 28, 1986: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Destruction of the shuttle and death of the crew shortly after lift-off.
April 15, 1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.
June 2, 1986: First regular television broadcast of Senate proceedings on C-SPAN2.
October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.
November 3, 1986: Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.
November 4, 1986: 1986 United States elections; Congressional Democrats regained (+8) their Senate majority (55-45), and slightly increased (+5) their House majority (258-177).
Major legislation
December 12, 1985: Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act) (title II)
December 17, 1985: Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985,
April 7, 1986: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) (including Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)
May 19, 1986: Firearm Owners Protection Act,
October 1, 1986: Goldwater–Nichols Act (Defense Reorganization),
October 2, 1986: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act,
October 17, 1986: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, (title III)
October 21, 1986: Electronic Communications Privacy Act,
October 22, 1986: Tax Reform Act of 1986,
October 27, 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986,
October 31, 1986: Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1986,
November 6, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), ,
November 17, 1986: Water Resources Development Act of 1986,
Party summary
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate
President: George H. W. Bush (R)
President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Majority Leader: Bob Dole
Majority Whip: Alan Simpson
Republican Conference Chairman: John Chafee
Republican Conference Secretary: Thad Cochran
National Senatorial Committee Chair: John Heinz
Policy Committee Chairman: William L. Armstrong
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Minority Leader: Robert Byrd
Minority Whip: Alan Cranston
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Daniel Inouye
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: George J. Mitchell
House of Representatives
Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: Jim Wright
Majority Whip: Tom Foley
Chief Deputy Majority Whip: William Vollie Alexander Jr.
Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dick Gephardt
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Mary Rose Oakar
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Tony Coelho
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
Minority Whip: Trent Lott
Chief Deputy Whip: Tom Loeffler
Republican Conference Chairman: Jack Kemp
Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Lynn Morley Martin
Republican Conference Secretary: Robert J. Lagomarsino
Policy Committee Chairman: Dick Cheney
Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander Jagt
Caucuses
Congressional Arts Caucus
Congressional Automotive Caucus
Congressional Black Caucus
Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
Congressional Hispanic Caucus
Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
Congresswomen's Caucus
House Democratic Caucus
Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1986; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1988; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1990.
Alabama
2. Howell Heflin (D)
3. Jeremiah Denton (R)
Alaska
2. Ted Stevens (R)
3. Frank Murkowski (R)
Arizona
1. Dennis DeConcini (D)
3. Barry Goldwater (R)
Arkansas
2. David Pryor (D)
3. Dale Bumpers (D)
California
1. Pete Wilson (R)
3. Alan Cranston (D)
Colorado
2. William L. Armstrong (R)
3. Gary Hart (D)
Connecticut
1. Lowell Weicker (R)
3. Chris Dodd (D)
Delaware
1. William Roth (R)
2. Joe Biden (D)
Florida
1. Lawton Chiles (D)
3. Paula Hawkins (R)
Georgia
2. Sam Nunn (D)
3. Mack Mattingly (R)
Hawaii
1. Spark Matsunaga (D)
3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho
2. James A. McClure (R)
3. Steve Symms (R)
Illinois
2. Paul Simon (D)
3. Alan J. Dixon (D)
Indiana
1. Richard Lugar (R)
3. Dan Quayle (R)
Iowa
2. Tom Harkin (D)
3. Chuck Grassley (R)
Kansas
2. Nancy Kassebaum (R)
3. Bob Dole (R)
Kentucky
2. Mitch McConnell (R)
3. Wendell Ford (D)
Louisiana
2. J. Bennett Johnston (D)
3. Russell B. Long (D)
Maine
1. George J. Mitchell (D)
2. William Cohen (R)
Maryland
1. Paul Sarbanes (D)
3. Charles Mathias (R)
Massachusetts
1. Ted Kennedy (D)
2. John Kerry (D)
Michigan
1. Donald Riegle (D)
2. Carl Levin (D)
Minnesota
1. David Durenberger (R)
2. Rudy Boschwitz (R)
Mississippi
1. John C. Stennis (D)
2. Thad Cochran (R)
Missouri
1. John Danforth (R)
3. Thomas Eagleton (D)
Montana
1. John Melcher (D)
2. Max Baucus (D)
Nebraska
1. Edward Zorinsky (D)
2. J. James Exon (D)
Nevada
1. Chic Hecht (R)
3. Paul Laxalt (R)
New Hampshire
2. Gordon J. Humphrey (R)
3. Warren Rudman (R)
New Jersey
1. Frank Lautenberg (D)
2. Bill Bradley (D)
New Mexico
1. Jeff Bingaman (D)
2. Pete Domenici (R)
New York
1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D)
3. Al D'Amato (R)
North Carolina
2. Jesse Helms (R)
3. John Porter East (R), until June 29, 1986
Jim Broyhill (R), from July 14 to November 4, 1986
Terry Sanford (D), from November 5, 1986
North Dakota
1. Quentin Burdick (D-NPL)
3. Mark Andrews (R)
Ohio
1. Howard Metzenbaum (D)
3. John Glenn (D)
Oklahoma
2. David Boren (D)
3. Don Nickles (R)
Oregon
2. Mark Hatfield (R)
3. Bob Packwood (R)
Pennsylvania
1. John Heinz (R)
3. Arlen Specter (R)
Rhode Island
1. John Chafee (R)
2. Claiborne Pell (D)
South Carolina
2. Strom Thurmond (R)
3. Fritz Hollings (D)
South Dakota
2. Larry Pressler (R)
3. James Abdnor (R)
Tennessee
1. Jim Sasser (D)
2. Al Gore (D)
Texas
1. Lloyd Bentsen (D)
2. Phil Gramm (R)
Utah
1. Orrin Hatch (R)
3. Jake Garn (R)
Vermont
1. Robert Stafford (R)
3. Patrick Leahy (D)
Virginia
1. Paul Trible (R)
2. John Warner (R)
Washington
1. Daniel J. Evans (R)
3. Slade Gorton (R)
West Virginia
1. Robert Byrd (D)
2. Jay Rockefeller (D), from January 15, 1985
Wisconsin
1. William Proxmire (D)
3. Bob Kasten (R)
Wyoming
1. Malcolm Wallop (R)
2. Alan Simpson (R)
House of Representatives
Alabama
. Sonny Callahan (R)
. William Louis Dickinson (R)
. Bill Nichols (D)
. Tom Bevill (D)
. Ronnie Flippo (D)
. Ben Erdreich (D)
. Dick Shelby (D)
Alaska
. Don Young (R)
Arizona
. John McCain (R)
. Mo Udall (D)
. Bob Stump (R)
. Eldon Rudd (R)
. Jim Kolbe (R)
Arkansas
. William Vollie Alexander Jr. (D)
. Tommy F. Robinson (D)
. John Paul Hammerschmidt (R)
. Beryl Anthony Jr. (D)
California
. Douglas H. Bosco (D)
. Eugene A. Chappie (R)
. Bob Matsui (D)
. Vic Fazio (D)
. Sala Burton (D)
. Barbara Boxer (D)
. George Miller (D)
. Ron Dellums (D)
. Pete Stark (D)
. Don Edwards (D)
. Tom Lantos (D)
. Ed Zschau (R)
. Norman Mineta (D)
. Norman D. Shumway (R)
. Tony Coelho (D)
. Leon Panetta (D)
. Chip Pashayan (R)
. Richard H. Lehman (D)
. Robert J. Lagomarsino (R)
. Bill Thomas (R)
. Bobbi Fiedler (R)
. Carlos Moorhead (R)
. Anthony Beilenson (D)
. Henry Waxman (D)
. Edward R. Roybal (D)
. Howard Berman (D)
. Mel Levine (D)
. Julian Dixon (D)
. Augustus Hawkins (D)
. Matthew G. Martínez (D)
. Mervyn Dymally (D)
. Glenn M. Anderson (D)
. David Dreier (R)
. Esteban Edward Torres (D)
. Jerry Lewis (R)
. George Brown Jr. (D)
. Al McCandless (R)
. Bob Dornan (R)
. William E. Dannemeyer (R)
. Robert Badham (R)
. Bill Lowery (R)
. Dan Lungren (R)
. Ron Packard (R)
. Jim Bates (D)
. Duncan L. Hunter (R)
Colorado
. Pat Schroeder (D)
. Tim Wirth (D)
. Michael L. Strang (R)
. Hank Brown (R)
. Ken Kramer (R)
. Dan Schaefer (R)
Connecticut
. Barbara B. Kennelly (D)
. Sam Gejdenson (D)
. Bruce Morrison (D)
. Stewart McKinney (R)
. John G. Rowland (R)
. Nancy Johnson (R)
Delaware
. Tom Carper (D)
Florida
. Earl Hutto (D)
. Don Fuqua (D)
. Charles E. Bennett (D)
. Bill Chappell (D)
. Bill McCollum (R)
. Buddy MacKay (D)
. Sam Gibbons (D)
. Bill Young (R)
. Michael Bilirakis (R)
. Andy Ireland (R)
. Bill Nelson (D)
. Tom Lewis (R)
. Connie Mack III (R)
. Dan Mica (D)
. Clay Shaw (R)
. Lawrence J. Smith (D)
. William Lehman (D)
. Claude Pepper (D)
. Dante Fascell (D)
Georgia
. Lindsay Thomas (D)
. Charles Floyd Hatcher (D)
. Richard Ray (D)
. Pat Swindall (R)
. Wyche Fowler (D)
. Newt Gingrich (R)
. George Darden (D)
. J. Roy Rowland (D)
. Ed Jenkins (D)
. Doug Barnard Jr. (D)
Hawaii
. Cecil Heftel (D), until July 11, 1986
. Neil Abercrombie (D), from September 20, 1986
. Daniel Akaka (D)
Idaho
. Larry Craig (R)
. Richard H. Stallings (D)
Illinois
. Charles Hayes (D)
. Gus Savage (D)
. Marty Russo (D)
. George M. O'Brien (R), until July 17, 1986
. Bill Lipinski (D)
. Henry Hyde (R)
. Cardiss Collins (D)
. Dan Rostenkowski (D)
. Sidney R. Yates (D)
. John Porter (R)
. Frank Annunzio (D)
. Phil Crane (R)
. Harris Fawell (R)
. John E. Grotberg (R), until November 15, 1986
. Edward Rell Madigan (R)
. Lynn Morley Martin (R)
. Lane Evans (D)
. Robert H. Michel (R)
. Terry L. Bruce (D)
. Dick Durbin (D)
. Melvin Price (D)
. Kenneth J. Gray (D)
Indiana
. Pete Visclosky (D)
. Philip Sharp (D)
. John P. Hiler (R)
. Dan Coats (R)
. Elwood Hillis (R)
. Dan Burton (R)
. John T. Myers (R)
. Frank McCloskey (D), from May 1, 1985
. Lee Hamilton (D)
. Andrew Jacobs Jr. (D)
Iowa
. Jim Leach (R)
. Tom Tauke (R)
. T. Cooper Evans (R)
. Neal Smith (D)
. Jim Ross Lightfoot (R)
. Berkley Bedell (D)
Kansas
. Pat Roberts (R)
. Jim Slattery (D)
. Jan Meyers (R)
. Dan Glickman (D)
. Bob Whittaker (R)
Kentucky
. Carroll Hubbard (D)
. William Natcher (D)
. Romano Mazzoli (D)
. Gene Snyder (R)
. Hal Rogers (R)
. Larry J. Hopkins (R)
. Chris Perkins (D)
Louisiana
. Bob Livingston (R)
. Lindy Boggs (D)
. Billy Tauzin (D)
. Buddy Roemer (D)
. Jerry Huckaby (D)
. Henson Moore (R)
. John Breaux (D)
. Gillis William Long (D), until January 20, 1985
Catherine Small Long (D), from March 30, 1985
Maine
. John R. McKernan Jr. (R)
. Olympia Snowe (R)
Maryland
. Roy Dyson (D)
. Helen Delich Bentley (R)
. Barbara Mikulski (D)
. Marjorie Holt (R)
. Steny Hoyer (D)
. Beverly Byron (D)
. Parren Mitchell (D)
. Michael D. Barnes (D)
Massachusetts
. Silvio O. Conte (R)
. Edward Boland (D)
. Joseph D. Early (D)
. Barney Frank (D)
. Chester G. Atkins (D)
. Nicholas Mavroules (D)
. Ed Markey (D)
. Tip O'Neill (D)
. Joe Moakley (D)
. Gerry Studds (D)
. Brian J. Donnelly (D)
Michigan
. John Conyers (D)
. Carl Pursell (R)
. Howard Wolpe (D)
. Mark D. Siljander (R)
. Paul B. Henry (R)
. Milton Robert Carr (D)
. Dale Kildee (D)
. Bob Traxler (D)
. Guy Vander Jagt (R)
. Bill Schuette (R)
. Robert William Davis (R)
. David Bonior (D)
. George Crockett Jr. (D)
. Dennis Hertel (D)
. William D. Ford (D)
. John Dingell (D)
. Sander Levin (D)
. William Broomfield (R)
Minnesota
. Tim Penny (DFL)
. Vin Weber (R)
. Bill Frenzel (R)
. Bruce Vento (DFL)
. Martin Olav Sabo (DFL)
. Gerry Sikorski (DFL)
. Arlan Stangeland (R)
. Jim Oberstar (DFL)
Mississippi
. Jamie Whitten (D)
. Webb Franklin (R)
. Sonny Montgomery (D)
. Wayne Dowdy (D)
. Trent Lott (R)
Missouri
. Bill Clay (D)
. Robert A. Young (D)
. Dick Gephardt (D)
. Ike Skelton (D)
. Alan Wheat (D)
. Tom Coleman (R)
. Gene Taylor (R)
. Bill Emerson (R)
. Harold Volkmer (D)
Montana
. Pat Williams (D)
. Ron Marlenee (R)
Nebraska
. Doug Bereuter (R)
. Hal Daub (R)
. Virginia D. Smith (R)
Nevada
. Harry Reid (D)
. Barbara Vucanovich (R)
New Hampshire
. Bob Smith (R)
. Judd Gregg (R)
New Jersey
. James Florio (D)
. William J. Hughes (D)
. James J. Howard (D)
. Chris Smith (R)
. Marge Roukema (R)
. Bernard J. Dwyer (D)
. Matthew John Rinaldo (R)
. Robert A. Roe (D)
. Robert Torricelli (D)
. Peter W. Rodino (D)
. Dean Gallo (R)
. Jim Courter (R)
. Jim Saxton (R)
. Frank Joseph Guarini (D)
New Mexico
. Manuel Lujan Jr. (R)
. Joe Skeen (R)
. Bill Richardson (D)
New York
. William Carney (C; changed to R on October 7, 1985)
. Thomas Downey (D)
. Robert J. Mrazek (D)
. Norman F. Lent (R)
. Raymond J. McGrath (R)
. Joseph P. Addabbo (D), until April 10, 1986
Alton Waldon (D), from June 10, 1986
. Gary Ackerman (D)
. James H. Scheuer (D)
. Thomas J. Manton (D)
. Chuck Schumer (D)
. Edolphus Towns (D)
. Major Owens (D)
. Stephen Solarz (D)
. Guy Molinari (R)
. Bill Green (R)
. Charles Rangel (D)
. Ted Weiss (D)
. Robert Garcia (D)
. Mario Biaggi (D)
. Joe DioGuardi (R)
. Hamilton Fish IV (R)
. Benjamin Gilman (R)
. Samuel S. Stratton (D)
. Gerald Solomon (R)
. Sherwood Boehlert (R)
. David O'Brien Martin (R)
. George C. Wortley (R)
. Matthew F. McHugh (D)
. Frank Horton (R)
. Fred J. Eckert (R)
. Jack Kemp (R)
. John LaFalce (D)
. Henry J. Nowak (D)
. Stan Lundine (D), until December 31, 1986
North Carolina
. Walter B. Jones Sr. (D)
. Tim Valentine (D)
. Charles Orville Whitley (D), until December 31, 1986
. Bill Cobey (R)
. Stephen L. Neal (D)
. Howard Coble (R)
. Charlie Rose (D)
. Bill Hefner (D)
. Alex McMillan (R)
. Jim Broyhill (R), until July 14, 1986
Cass Ballenger (R), from November 4, 1986
. Bill Hendon (R)
North Dakota
. Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)
Ohio
. Tom Luken (D)
. Bill Gradison (R)
. Tony P. Hall (D)
. Mike Oxley (R)
. Del Latta (R)
. Bob McEwen (R)
. Mike DeWine (R)
. Tom Kindness (R)
. Marcy Kaptur (D)
. Clarence E. Miller (R)
. Dennis E. Eckart (D)
. John Kasich (R)
. Don Pease (D)
. John F. Seiberling (D)
. Chalmers Wylie (R)
. Ralph Regula (R)
. Jim Traficant (D)
. Douglas Applegate (D)
. Ed Feighan (D)
. Mary Rose Oakar (D)
. Louis Stokes (D)
Oklahoma
. James R. Jones (D)
. Mike Synar (D)
. Wes Watkins (D)
. Dave McCurdy (D)
. Mickey Edwards (R)
. Glenn English (D)
Oregon
. Les AuCoin (D)
. Bob Smith (R)
. Ron Wyden (D)
. Jim Weaver (D)
. Denny Smith (R)
Pennsylvania
. Thomas M. Foglietta (D)
. William H. Gray III (D)
. Robert A. Borski Jr. (D)
. Joseph P. Kolter (D)
. Richard T. Schulze (R)
. Gus Yatron (D)
. Robert W. Edgar (D)
. Peter H. Kostmayer (D)
. Bud Shuster (R)
. Joseph M. McDade (R)
. Paul Kanjorski (D)
. John Murtha (D)
. Lawrence Coughlin (R)
. William J. Coyne (D)
. Donald L. Ritter (R)
. Bob Walker (R)
. George Gekas (R)
. Doug Walgren (D)
. Bill Goodling (R)
. Joseph M. Gaydos (D)
. Tom Ridge (R)
. Austin Murphy (D)
. William Clinger (R)
Rhode Island
. Fernand St. Germain (D)
. Claudine Schneider (R)
South Carolina
. Thomas F. Hartnett (R)
. Floyd Spence (R)
. Butler Derrick (D)
. Carroll A. Campbell Jr. (R)
. John Spratt (D)
. Robin Tallon (D)
South Dakota
. Tom Daschle (D)
Tennessee
. Jimmy Quillen (R)
. John Duncan Sr. (R)
. Marilyn Lloyd (D)
. Jim Cooper (D)
. Bill Boner (D)
. Bart Gordon (D)
. Don Sundquist (R)
. Ed Jones (D)
. Harold Ford Sr. (D)
Texas
. Sam B. Hall Jr. (D), until May 27, 1985
Jim Chapman (D), from August 3, 1985
. Charlie Wilson (D)
. Steve Bartlett (R)
. Ralph Hall (D)
. John Bryant (D)
. Joe Barton (R)
. Bill Archer (R)
. Jack Fields (R)
. Jack Brooks (D)
. J. J. Pickle (D)
. Marvin Leath (D)
. Jim Wright (D)
. Beau Boulter (R)
. Mac Sweeney (R)
. Kika de la Garza (D)
. Ron Coleman (D)
. Charles Stenholm (D)
. Mickey Leland (D)
. Larry Combest (R)
. Henry B. González (D)
. Tom Loeffler (R)
. Tom DeLay (R)
. Albert Bustamante (D)
. Martin Frost (D)
. Michael A. Andrews (D)
. Dick Armey (R)
. Solomon P. Ortiz (D)
Utah
. Jim Hansen (R)
. David Smith Monson (R)
. Howard C. Nielson (R)
Vermont
. Jim Jeffords (R)
Virginia
. Herbert H. Bateman (R)
. G. William Whitehurst (R)
. Thomas J. Bliley Jr. (R)
. Norman Sisisky (D)
. Dan Daniel (D)
. Jim Olin (D)
. D. French Slaughter Jr. (R)
. Stanford Parris (R)
. Rick Boucher (D)
. Frank Wolf (R)
Washington
. John Miller (R)
. Al Swift (D)
. Don Bonker (D)
. Sid Morrison (R)
. Tom Foley (D)
. Norm Dicks (D)
. Mike Lowry (D)
. Rod Chandler (R)
West Virginia
. Alan Mollohan (D)
. Harley O. Staggers Jr. (D)
. Bob Wise (D)
. Nick Rahall (D)
Wisconsin
. Les Aspin (D)
. Robert Kastenmeier (D)
. Steve Gunderson (R)
. Jerry Kleczka (D)
. Jim Moody (D)
. Tom Petri (R)
. Dave Obey (D)
. Toby Roth (R)
. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)
Wyoming
. Dick Cheney (R)
Non-voting members
. Fofō Iosefa Fiti Sunia (D)
. Walter Fauntroy (D)
. Vicente T. Blaz (R)
. Jaime Fuster (PPD)
. Ron de Lugo (D)
Changes in membership
Senate
|-
| West Virginia(2)
| Vacant
| Senator-elect chose to wait until finishing term as Governor of West Virginia.
| nowrap | Jay Rockefeller (D)
| January 15, 1985
|-
| North Carolina(3)
| nowrap | John Porter East (R)
| Died June 29, 1986.Successor appointed to continue the term.
| nowrap | Jim Broyhill (R)
| July 14, 1986
|-
| North Carolina(3)
| nowrap | Jim Broyhill (R)
| Interim appointee lost special election.Successor elected to finish the term.
| nowrap | Terry Sanford (D)
| November 5, 1986
|}
House of Representatives
|-
| Indiana's 8th
| Disputed
| House declared McCloskey the winner after auditors from the US General Accounting Office conducted a recount and Republican floor votes were rejected.
| | Frank McCloskey (D)
| May 1, 1985
|-
| Louisiana's 8th
| | Gillis William Long (D)
| Died January 20, 1985.
| | Catherine Small Long (D)
| March 30, 1985
|-
| Texas's 1st
| | Sam B. Hall Jr. (D)
| Resigned May 27, 1985, to become judge for the US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas.
| | Jim Chapman (D)
| August 3, 1985
|-
| New York's 1st
| | William Carney (C)
| Changed parties October 7, 1985.
| | William Carney (R)
| October 7, 1985
|-
| New York's 6th
| | Joseph P. Addabbo (D)
| Died April 10, 1986.
| | Alton Waldon (D)
| June 10, 1986
|-
| Hawaii's 1st
| | Cecil Heftel (D)
| Resigned July 11, 1986.
| | Neil Abercrombie (D)
| September 20, 1986
|-
| North Carolina's 10th
| | Jim Broyhill (R)
| Resigned July 14, 1986, to become U.S. Senator.
| | Cass Ballenger (R)
| November 4, 1986
|-
| Illinois's 4th
| | George M. O'Brien (R)
| Died July 17, 1986.
| rowspan=4 |Vacant
| rowspan=4 |Not filled this term
|-
| Illinois's 14th
| | John E. Grotberg (R)
| Died November 15, 1986.
|-
| New York's 34th
| | Stan Lundine (D)
| Resigned December 31, 1986.
|-
| North Carolina's 3rd
| | Charles Orville Whitley (D)
| Resigned December 31, 1986.
|}
Committees
Senate
Aging (Special) (Chair: H. John Heinz III)
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Jesse Helms; Ranking Member: Edward Zorinsky)
Appropriations (Chair: Mark Hatfield; Ranking Member: John C. Stennis)
Agriculture and Related Agencies (Chair: Thad Cochran; Ranking Member: Quentin N. Burdick)
Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary (Chair: Paul Laxalt; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
Defense (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: John C. Stennis)
District of Columbia (Chair: Arlen Specter; Ranking Member: Frank Lautenberg)
Energy and Water Development (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: J. Bennett Johnston)
Foreign Operations (Chair: Bob Kasten; Ranking Member: Daniel K. Inouye)
HUD-Independent Agencies (Chair: Jake Garn; Ranking Member: Patrick Leahy)
Interior (Chair: James A. McClure; Ranking Member: Robert C. Byrd)
Labor-Health, Education and Welfare (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker; Ranking Member: William Proxmire)
Legislative Branch (Chair: Al D'Amato; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
Military Construction (Chair: Mack Mattingly; Ranking Member: Jim Sasser)
Transportation (Chair: Mark Andrews; Ranking Member: Lawton Chiles)
Treasury, Postal Service and General Government (Chair: James Abdnor; Ranking Member: Dennis DeConcini)
Armed Services (Chair: Barry Goldwater; Ranking Member: Sam Nunn)
Military Construction (Chair: Strom Thurmond; Ranking Member: Jeff Bingaman)
Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces (Chair: John W. Warner; Ranking Member: John W. Warner)
Preparedness (Chair: Gordon J. Humphrey; Ranking Member: Alan J. Dixon)
Sea Power and Force Projection (Chair: William S. Cohen; Ranking Member: J. James Exon)
Manpower and Personnel (Chair: Pete Wilson; Ranking Member: John Glenn)
Defense Acquisition Policy (Chair: Dan Quayle; Ranking Member: Carl Levin)
Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Jake Garn; Ranking Member: William Proxmire)
Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Chic Hecht; Ranking Member: Donald W. Riegle Jr.)
International Finance and Monetary Policy (Chair: H. John Heinz III; Ranking Member: William Proxmire)
Financial Institutions and Consumer Affairs (Chair: Slade Gorton; Ranking Member: Paul Sarbanes)
Securities (Chair: Al D'Amato; Ranking Member: Alan Cranston)
Economic Policy (Chair: Mack Mattingly; Ranking Member: Chris Dodd)
Budget (Chair: Pete Domenici; Ranking Member: Lawton Chiles)
Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: John Danforth; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
Aviation (Chair: Nancy Kassebaum; Ranking Member: J. James Exon)
Business, Trade and Tourism (Chair: Larry Pressler; Ranking Member: Al Gore)
Communications (Chair: Barry Goldwater; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
Consumer (Chair: Bob Kasten; Ranking Member: Wendell Ford)
Merchant Marine (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: Daniel K. Inouye)
Science, Technology and Space (Chair: Slade Gorton; Ranking Member: Donald W. Riegle Jr.)
Surface Transportation (Chair: Bob Packwood; Ranking Member: Russell B. Long)
National Ocean Policy Study (Chair: John Danforth; Ranking Member: Ernest F. Hollings)
Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: James A. McClure; Ranking Member: J. Bennett Johnston)
Energy Regulation and Conservation (Chair: Don Nickles; Ranking Member: Howard M. Metzenbaum)
Natural Resources Development and Production (Chair: John Warner; Ranking Member: John Melcher)
Energy Research and Development (Chair: Pete Domenici; Ranking Member: Bill Bradley)
Water and Power (Chair: Frank Murkowski; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
Public Lands, Reserved Water and Resource Conservation (Chair: Malcolm Wallop; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
Environment and Public Works (Chair: Robert Stafford; Ranking Member: Lloyd Bentsen)
Environmental Pollution (Chair: John Chafee; Ranking Member: George J. Mitchell)
Nuclear Regulation (Chair: Alan K. Simpson; Ranking Member: Gary Hart)
Water Resources (Chair: James Abdnor; Ranking Member: Daniel Moynihan)
Transportation (Chair: Steve Symms; Ranking Member: Quentin N. Burdick)
Regional and Community Development (Chair: Gordon J. Humphrey; Ranking Member: Frank R. Lautenberg)
Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight (Chair: David Durenberger; Ranking Member: Max Baucus)
Ethics (Select) (Chair: Warren Rudman; Vice Chair: Howell Heflin)
Finance (Chair: Bob Packwood; Ranking Member: Russell B. Long)
Taxation and Debt Management (Chair: John H. Chafee; Ranking Member: Spark Matsunaga)
International Trade (Chair: John C. Danforth; Ranking Member: Lloyd Bentsen)
Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy (Chair: H. John Heinz III; Ranking Member: George J. Mitchell)
Energy and Agricultural Taxation (Chair: Malcolm Wallop; Ranking Member: Bill Bradley)
Health (Chair: David Durenberger; Ranking Member: Max Baucus)
Social Security and Income Maintenance Programs (Chair: William L. Armstrong; Ranking Member: Daniel Moynihan)
Estate and Gift Taxation (Chair: Steve Symms; Ranking Member: Bill Bradley)
Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service (Chair: Bob Dole; Ranking Member: David Pryor)
Foreign Relations (Chair: Richard Lugar; Ranking Member: Claiborne Pell)
Western Hemisphere Affairs (Chair: Jesse Helms; Ranking Member: Edward Zorinsky)
International Economic Policy, Oceans and Environment (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Chris Dodd)
African Affairs (Chair: Nancy Kassebaum; Ranking Member: John Kerry)
Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs (Chair: Rudy Boschwitz; Ranking Member: Paul Sarbanes)
European Affairs (Chair: Larry Pressler; Ranking Member: Joe Biden)
East Asian and Pacific Affairs (Chair: Frank Murkowski; Ranking Member: Alan Cranston)
Governmental Affairs (Chair: Bill Roth; Ranking Member: Thomas F. Eagleton)
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (Chair: Bill Roth; Ranking Member: Sam Nunn)
Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Thomas F. Eagleton)
Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services (Chair: Thad Cochran; Ranking Member: John Glenn)
Intergovernmental Relations (Chair: David Durenberger; Ranking Member: Lawton Chiles)
Civil Service, Post Office and General Services (Chair: Ted Stevens; Ranking Member: Al Gore)
Oversight of Government Management (Chair: William S. Cohen; Ranking Member: Carl Levin)
Impeachment of Harry E. Claiborne (Select) (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: )
Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: Mark Andrews)
Judiciary (Chair: Strom Thurmond; Ranking Member: Joe Biden)
Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Patrick Leahy)
Criminal Law (Chair: Paul Laxalt; Ranking Member: Joe Biden)
Constitution (Chair: Orrin Hatch; Ranking Member: Dennis DeConcini)
Immigration and Refugee Policy (Chair: Alan K. Simpson; Ranking Member: Ted Kennedy)
Courts (Chair: John P. East; Ranking Member: Howell Heflin)
Administration Practice and Procedure (Chair: Chuck Grassley; Ranking Member: Howard M. Metzenbaum)
Security and Terrorism (Chair: Jeremiah Denton; Ranking Member: Patrick Leahy)
Juvenile Justice (Chair: Arlen Specter; Ranking Member: Paul Simon)
Intelligence (Select) (Chair: David Durenberger; Vice Chairman: Patrick Leahy)
Labor and Human Resources (Chair: Orrin Hatch; Ranking Member: Ted Kennedy)
Labor (Chair: Don Nickles; Ranking Member: Howard M. Metzenbaum)
Education, Arts and Humanities (Chair: Robert Stafford; Ranking Member: Claiborne Pell)
Employment and Productivity (Chair: Dan Quayle; Ranking Member: Paul Simon)
Handicapped (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker; Ranking Member: John Kerry)
Children, Family, Drugs and Alcoholism (Chair: Paula Hawkins; Ranking Member: Chris Dodd)
Aging (Chair: Chuck Grassley; Ranking Member: Spark Matsunaga)
Nutrition and Human Needs (Select) (Chair: )
Rules and Administration (Chair: Charles Mathias; Ranking Member: Wendell H. Ford)
Security and Cooperation in Europe (Special) (Chair: )
Small Business (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker Jr.; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
Urban and Rural Economic Development (Chair: Al D'Amato; Ranking Member: Alan J. Dixon)
Government Procurement (Chair: Don Nickles; Ranking Member: Carl Levin)
Productivity and Competition (Chair: Slade Gorton; Ranking Member: Dale Bumpers)
Innovation and Technology (Chair: Warren Rudman; Ranking Member: David L. Boren)
Export Promotion and Market Development (Chair: Rudy Boschwitz; Ranking Member: Max Baucus)
Small Business Family Farm (Chair: Larry Pressler; Ranking Member: Sam Nunn)
Entrepreneurship and Special Problems Facing Small Business (Chair: Bob Kasten; Ranking Member: Jim Sasser)
Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Frank Murkowski; Ranking Member: Alan Cranston)
Whole
House of Representatives
Aging (Select) (Chair: Edward Roybal)
Agriculture (Chair: Kika de la Garza; Ranking Member: Edward Madigan)
Cotton, Rice and Sugar (Chair: Jerry Huckaby; Ranking Member: Arlan Stangeland)
Livestock, Dairy and Poultry (Chair: Tony Coelho; Ranking Member: Jim Jeffords)
Tobacco and Peanuts (Chair: Charlie Rose; Ranking Member: Larry J. Hopkins)
Wheat, Soybeans and Feed Grains (Chair: Tom Foley; Ranking Member: Ron Marlenee)
Conservation Credit and Rural Development (Chair: Ed Jones; Ranking Member: E. Thomas Coleman)
Department Operations Research and Foreign Agriculture (Chair: Berkley Bedell; Ranking Member: Pat Roberts)
Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition (Chair: Leon Panetta; Ranking Member: Bill Emerson)
Forests, Family Farms and Energy (Chair: Charles Whitley)
Appropriations (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten; Ranking Member: Sid Morrison)
Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies (Chair: Jamie Whitten; Ranking Member: Silvio O. Conte)
Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary (Chair: Neal Edward Smith; Ranking Member: Virginia Smith)
Defense (Chair: Joseph P. Addabbo; Ranking Member: George M. O'Brien)
District of Columbia (Chair: Julian C. Dixon; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
Energy and Water Development (Chair: Tom Bevill; Ranking Member: Lawrence Coughlin)
Foreign Operations (Chair: David Obey; Ranking Member: John T. Myers)
HUD-Independent Agencies (Chair: Edward P. Boland; Ranking Member: Bill Green)
Interior (Chair: Sidney Yates; Ranking Member: Ralph Regula)
Labor-Health and Human Services (Chair: William H. Natcher; Ranking Member: Silvio O. Conte)
Legislative (Chair: Victor Fazio; Ranking Member: Jerry Lewis)
Military Construction (Chair: Bill Hefner; Ranking Member: Mickey Edwards)
Transportation (Chair: William Lehman; Ranking Member: Lawrence Coughlin)
Treasury, Postal Service and General Government (Chair: Edward Roybal; Ranking Member: Joe Skeen)
Armed Services (Chair: Les Aspin; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
Military Personnel and Compensation (Chair: Edward Roybal; Ranking Member: Elwood Hillis)
Research and Development (Chair: Charles Melvin Price; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials (Chair: Charles Edward Bennett; Ranking Member: Floyd Spence)
Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems (Chair: Samuel S. Stratton; Ranking Member: Marjorie S. Holt)
Investigations (Chair: Bill Nichols; Ranking Member: Larry J. Hopkins)
Readiness (Chair: Dan Daniel; Ranking Member: G. William Whitehurst)
Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) Panel (Chair: Dan Daniel; Ranking Member: G. William Whitehurst)
Military Installations and Facilities (Chair: Ron Dellums; Ranking Member: Ken Kramer)
Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Fernand St. Germain; Ranking Member: Chalmers P. Wylie)
Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance (Chair: Fernand St. Germain; Ranking Member: Chalmers P. Wylie)
Housing and Community Development (Chair: Henry B. Gonzalez; Ranking Member: Stewart B. McKinney)
Consumer Affairs and Coinage (Chair: Frank Annunzio; Ranking Member: John P. Hiler)
Domestic Monetary Policy (Chair: Walter E. Fauntroy; Ranking Member: Bill McCollum)
International Finance, Trade and Monetary Policy (Chair: Stephen L. Neal; Ranking Member: Jim Leach)
General Oversight and Renegotiation (Chair: Carroll Hubbard; Ranking Member: Stanford Parris)
Economic Stabilization (Chair: John J. LaFalce; Ranking Member: Norman D. Shumway)
International Development Institutions and Finance (Chair: Stan Lundine; Ranking Member: Doug Bereuter)
Budget (Chair: William H. Gray; Ranking Member: Del Latta)
Defense and International Affairs (Chair: Thomas J. Downey; Ranking Member: Bobbi Fiedler)
Economic Policy (Chair: Mike Lowry; Ranking Member: Jack Kemp)
Budget Process (Chair: Butler Derrick; Ranking Member: Lynn Morley Martin)
State and Local Government (Chair: George Miller; Ranking Member: Connie Mack III)
Human Resources (Chair: Pat Williams; Ranking Member: Bill Goodling)
Community and Natural Resources (Chair: Howard Wolpe; Ranking Member: Tom Loeffler)
Health (Chair: Martin Frost; Ranking Member: Willis D. Gradison Jr.)
Income Security (Chair: Victor H. Fazio; Ranking Member: W. Henson Moore)
Children, Youth and Families (Select) (Chair: George Miller)
District of Columbia (Chair: Ron Dellums; Ranking Member: Stewart B. McKinney)
Fiscal Affairs and Health (Chair: Walter E. Fauntroy; Ranking Member: Stewart McKinney)
Government Operations and Metropolitan Affairs (Chair: Michael D. Barnes; Ranking Member: Stanford Parris)
Judiciary and Education (Chair: Mervyn M. Dymally; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Bliley Jr.)
Education and Labor (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins; Ranking Member: Jim Jeffords)
Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins; Ranking Member: William F. Goodling)
Postsecondary Education (Chair: William D. Ford; Ranking Member: E. Thomas Coleman)
Health and Safety (Chair: Joseph M. Gaydos; Ranking Member: Rod Chandler)
Labor-Management Relations (Chair: Bill Clay; Ranking Member: Tom Petri)
Labor Standards (Chair: Austin J. Murphy; Ranking Member: Tom Petri)
Human Resources (Chair: Dale E. Kildee; Ranking Member: Tom Tauke)
Select Education (Chair: Pat Williams; Ranking Member: Steve Bartlett)
Employment Opportunities (Chair: Matthew G. Martinez; Ranking Member: Steve Gunderson)
Energy and Commerce (Chair: John Dingell; Ranking Member: Jim Broyhill)
Oversight and Investigations (Chair: John Dingell; Ranking Member: Jim Broyhill)
Health and the Environment (Chair: Henry Waxman; Ranking Member: Edward Madigan)
Telecommunications, Consumer Protection and Finance (Chair: Timothy Wirth; Ranking Member: Matthew J. Rinaldo)
Fossil and Synthetic Fuels (Chair: Phil Sharp; Ranking Member: William E. Dannemeyer)
Commerce, Transportation and Tourism (Chair: James J. Florio; Ranking Member: Norman F. Lent)
Energy Conservation and Power (Chair: Ed Markey; Ranking Member: Carlos J. Moorhead)
Foreign Affairs (Chair: Dante Fascell; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
Arms Control, International Security and Science (Chair: Dante Fascell; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
Europe and the Middle East (Chair: Lee H. Hamilton; Ranking Member: Benjamin A. Gilman)
Human Rights and International Organizations (Chair: Gus Yatron; Ranking Member: Gerald B.H. Solomon)
International Economic Policy and Trade (Chair: Stephen J. Solarz; Ranking Member: Toby Roth)
Asian and Pacific Affairs (Chair: Don Bonker; Ranking Member: Jim Leach)
International Operations (Chair: Dan Mica; Ranking Member: Olympia J. Snowe)
Western Hemisphere Affairs (Chair: Michael D. Barnes; Ranking Member: Robert J. Lagomarsino)
Africa (Chair: Howard Wolpe; Ranking Member: Mark Siljander)
Government Operations (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
Legislation and National Security (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
Government Activities and Transportation (Chair: Cardiss Collins; Ranking Member: Al McCandless)
Government Information and Individual Rights (Chair: Glenn English; Ranking Member: Thomas N. Kindness)
Ingovernmental Relations and Human Resources (Chair: Ted Weiss; Ranking Member: Robert S. Walker)
Environment, Energy and Natural Resources (Chair: Mike Synar; Ranking Member: William F. Clinger Jr.)
Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs (Chair: Doug Barnard; Ranking Member: Larry E. Craig)
Employment and Housing (Chair: Barney Frank; Ranking Member: Howard C. Nielson)
House Administration (Chair: Frank Annunzio; Ranking Member: Bill Frenzel)
Accounts (Chair: Joseph Gaydos; Ranking Member: Robert E. Badham)
Services (Chair: Ed Jones; Ranking Member: William L. Dickinson)
Office Systems (Chair: Charlie Rose; Ranking Member: Bill Thomas)
Personnel and Police (Chair: Leon Panetta; Ranking Member: Pat Roberts)
Elections (Chair: Al Swift; Ranking Member: Bill Thomas)
Procurement and Printing (Chair: Tom Foley; Ranking Member: Newt Gingrich)
Hunger (Select) (Chair: Mickey Leland)
Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: Mo Udall; Ranking Member: Don Young)
Energy and the Environment (Chair: Mo Udall; Ranking Member: Manuel Lujan Jr.)
Public Lands (Chair: John F. Seiberling; Ranking Member: Ron Marlenee)
General Oversight, Northwest Power and Forest Management (Chair: Jim Weaver; Ranking Member: Chip Pashayan)
Water and Power Resources (Chair: George Miller; Ranking Member: Dick Cheney)
Mining and Natural Resources (Chair: Nick Rahall; Ranking Member: Larry E. Craig)
National Parks and Recreation (Chair: Bruce Vento; Ranking Member: Robert J. Lagomarsino)
Judiciary (Chair: Peter W. Rodino; Ranking Member: Hamilton Fish IV)
Immigration, Refugees and International Law (Chair: Romano L. Mazzoli; Ranking Member: Dan Lungren)
Administrative Law and Governmental Relations (Chair: Sam B. Hall Jr.; Ranking Member: Thomas N. Kindness)
Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of Justice (Chair: Robert W. Kastenmeier; Ranking Member: Carlos J. Moorhead)
Civil and Constitutional Rights (Chair: Don Edwards; Ranking Member: Jim Sensenbrenner)
Monopolies and Commercial Law (Chair: Peter W. Rodino; Ranking Member: Hamilton Fish IV)
Crime (Chair: William J. Hughes; Ranking Member: Bill McCollum)
Criminal Justice (Chair: John Conyers; Ranking Member: George W. Gekas)
Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.; Ranking Member: Norman F. Lent)
Merchant Marine (Chair: Mario Biaggi; Ranking Member: Gene Snyder)
Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment (Chair: John Breaux; Ranking Member: Don Young)
Oceangraphy (Chair: Barbara Mikulski; Ranking Member: Norman D. Shumway)
Panama Canal and Outer Continental Stuff (Chair: Mike Lowry; Ranking Member: Jack Fields)
Coast Guard and Navigation (Chair: Gerry Studds; Ranking Member: Robert W. Davis)
Oversight and Investigations (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.; Ranking Member: William Carney)
Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select) (Chair: Charles B. Rangel)
Post Office and Civil Service (Chair: Jack Brooks; Ranking Member: Gene Taylor)
Civil Service (Chair: Patricia Schroeder; Ranking Member: Chip Pashayan)
Census and Population (Chair: Robert Garcia; Ranking Member: James V. Hansen)
Postal Operations and Services (Chair: Mickey Leland; Ranking Member: Frank Horton)
Compensation and Employee Benefits (Chair: Mary Rose Oakar; Ranking Member: John T. Myers)
Human Resources (Chair: Gary Ackerman; Ranking Member: Dan Burton)
Investigations (Chair: Gerry Sikorski; Ranking Member: Gene Taylor)
Postal Personnel and Modernization (Chair: Mervyn M. Dymally; Ranking Member: Dan Burton)
Public Works and Transportation (Chair: James J. Howard; Ranking Member: Gene Snyder)
Aviation (Chair: Norman Y. Mineta; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
Economic Development (Chair: Henry J. Nowak; Ranking Member: William F. Clinger Jr.)
Investigations and Oversight (Chair: Jim Oberstar; Ranking Member: Newt Gingrich)
Public Buildings and Grounds (Chair: Robert A. Young; Ranking Member: E. Clay Shaw Jr.)
Surface Transportation (Chair: Glenn M. Anderson; Ranking Member: Bud Shuster)
Water Resources (Chair: Robert A. Roe; Ranking Member: Arlan Stangeland)
Rules (Chair: Claude Pepper; Ranking Member: Jimmy Quillen)
The Legislative Process (Chair: Butler Derrick; Ranking Member: Trent Lott)
Rules of the House (Chair: Joe Moakley; Ranking Member: Gene Taylor)
Science and Technology (Chair: Don Fuqua; Ranking Member: Manuel Lujan Jr.)
Energy Development and Applications (Chair: Don Fuqua; Ranking Member: Jim Sensenbrenner)
Natural Resources, Agriculture Research and Environment (Chair: James H. Scheuer; Ranking Member: Claudine Schneider)
Energy Research and Production (Chair: Marilyn Lloyd; Ranking Member: Sid Morrison)
Science, Research and Technology (Chair: Doug Walgren; Ranking Member: Sherwood Boehlert)
Transportation, Aviation and Materials (Chair: Dan Glickman; Ranking Member: Tom Lewis)
Investigations and Oversight (Chair: Harold Volkmer; Ranking Member: Ron Packard)
Space Science and Applications (Chair: Bill Nelson; Ranking Member: Robert S. Walker)
Small Business (Chair: Parren Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems (Chair: Parren Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph M. McDade)
General Oversight and the Economy (Chair: Nicholas Mavroules; Ranking Member: Silvio O. Conte)
Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business (Chair: Charles Floyd Hatcher; Ranking Member: Vin Weber)
Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business (Chair: Charles W. Stenholm; Ranking Member: William S. Broomfield)
Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities (Chair: Tom Luken; Ranking Member: John P. Hiler)
Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems (Chair: Ike Skelton; Ranking Member: Andy Ireland)
Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: Julian C. Dixon; Ranking Member: Floyd Spence)
Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Gillespie V. Montgomery; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
Oversight and Investigations (Chair: Sonny Montgomery; Ranking Member: Elwood Hillis)
Hospitals and Health Care (Chair: Bob Edgar; Ranking Member: John Paul Hammerschmidt)
Education, Training and Employment (Chair: Tom Daschle; Ranking Member: Bob McEwen)
Compensation, Pension and Insurance (Chair: Douglas Applegate; Ranking Member: Gerald B.H. Solomon)
Housing and Memorial Affairs (Chair: Richard Shelby; Ranking Member: Chris Smith)
Ways and Means (Chair: Dan Rostenkowski; Ranking Member: John J. Duncan)
Trade (Chair: Sam Gibbons; Ranking Member: Phil Crane)
Oversight (Chair: J.J. Pickle; Ranking Member: Richard T. Schulze)
Select Revenue Measures (Chair: Charles Rangel; Ranking Member: Guy Vander Jagt)
Health (Chair: Pete Stark; Ranking Member: Bill Gradison)
Social Security (Chair: James Robert Jones; Ranking Member: Bill Archer)
Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation (Chair: Harold Ford Sr.; Ranking Member: Carroll A. Campbell Jr.)
Whole
Joint committees
Economic (Chair: Rep. David Obey; Vice Chair: Sen. James Abdnor)
Taxation (Chair: Rep. Dan Rostenkowski; Vice Chair: Sen. Bob Packwood)
The Library (Chair: Rep. Frank Annunzio; Vice Chair: Sen. Charles Mathias)
Printing (Chair: Sen. Charles Mathias; Vice Chair: Rep. Frank Annunzio)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary, until 1986
William Narva, from 1986
Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Rudolph G. Penner
Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
Public Printer of the United States: Ralph E. Kennickell Jr.
Senate
Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson (Presbyterian)
Curator: James R. Ketchum
Historian: Richard A. Baker
Parliamentarian: Bob Dove
Secretary: Jo-Anne L. Coe
Librarian: Roger K. Haley
Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene Jr.
Secretary for the Minority: David Pratt
Sergeant at Arms: Larry E. Smith, until June 3, 1985
Ernest E. Garcia, from June 3, 1985
House of Representatives
Chaplain: James David Ford (Lutheran)
Clerk: Benjamin J. Guthrie
Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
Historian: Ray Smock
Reading Clerks: Meg Goetz (D) and Bob Berry (R)
Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
Sergeant at Arms: Jack Russ
See also
List of new members of the 99th United States Congress
1984 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1984 United States presidential election
1984 United States Senate elections
1984 United States House of Representatives elections
1986 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1986 United States Senate elections
1986 United States House of Representatives elections
Related articles on a diagram
Notes
References
External links
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists |
Yousef Abad Seyrafi (, also Romanized as Yousef Abad Seirafi; also known as Yousef Abad Seirafi) is a village in Ferdows Rural District of the Central District of Shahriar County, Tehran province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 2,023 in 499 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,351 people in 664 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 5,308 people in 1,658 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.
Yousef Abad Seyrafi takes its name from the Seyrafi family of magnates who owned Yousef Abad and nearby Shahriar. They are credited with giving away lands to the Ministry of Post and Telegraph to bring communications infrastructure to the town. Yousef Abad Seyrafi was the site to a fortress which has been destroyed.
References
Shahriar County
Populated places in Shahriar County |
The Midnight Venus () is a 1951 West German comedy film directed by Ferdinand Dörfler and starring Theo Lingen, Paul Kemp and Maria Andergast. It was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Franz Neumann and Erwin Tiebe.
Cast
Theo Lingen as Meister Anton
Paul Kemp as Hansl
Maria Andergast as Frau Anna
Hans Schwarz Jr. as Reitersepp
Hubert von Meyerinck as Director Meyer
Fita Benkhoff as Madame Lavable
Hella Lexington as Miss Spleen
Guenther R. Ewers as von Kitschampur
Lotte Stein as van der Gould
Lotte Lang as Marei
References
Bibliography
Hans-Michael Bock and Tim Bergfelder. The Concise Cinegraph: An Encyclopedia of German Cinema. Berghahn Books, 2009.
External links
1951 films
German comedy films
1951 comedy films
West German films
1950s German-language films
Films directed by Ferdinand Dörfler
Films about fashion designers
German black-and-white films
1950s German films
Films shot at Bavaria Studios |
The Goddess () is a 1934 Chinese silent film released by the Lianhua Film Company (United Photoplay). The film tells the story of an unnamed woman, who lives as a streetwalker by night and devoted mother by day in order to get her young son an education amid social injustice in the streets of Shanghai, China. It stars Ruan Lingyu in one of her final roles, and was directed by Wu Yonggang. Lo Ming Yau produced the film and Hong Weilie was the cinematographer.
The public responded with enthusiasm, largely due to Ruan Lingyu's popularity in Shanghai in the early 1930s. Four years after the original release of Goddess, Yonggang Wu remade the film as Yanzhi Lei) with changes made to the cast, the setting, and parts of the storyline. After Stanley Kwan's revival of Ruan Lingyu's story through the biopic Center Stage (1991) starring Maggie Cheung as Ruan, widespread public interest in the Chinese classic cinema was reinvigorated .
Today, Goddess is one of the best-known films of China's cinematic golden age, and has been named as one of China's top 100 films by the Hong Kong Film Awards in 2005.
Cast
Ruan Lingyu as the "Goddess", a loving mother who is forced into prostitution in order to provide for her young son.
Zhang Zhizhi as "Boss" Zhang, a thug who exploits the Goddess and acts as her pimp after he offers her protection from the police.
Lai Hang as the Goddess's son, who faces discrimination as he grows up because of his mother's occupation.
Li Junpan as the Principal, a well-meaning older man who stands up for the Goddess' son, after the members of the school board discovers that his mother is a prostitute and want to expel him. The old principal also represents the voice of the Director Wu Yonggang.
Plot
An unnamed single mother (Ruan Lingyu) works as a prostitute to support herself and her baby son in 1930s Shanghai. One night, fleeing from a police sweep, she runs into the room of a thug called, "the Boss", (Zhang Zhizhi) who then forces her to have sex with him in exchange for hiding her from the police.
She agrees and later, the Boss, with two of his henchmen, tracks her down and shows up at her place and claims her as his own private property. From then on, he steals all her earnings to finance his gambling habit. The mother attempts to flee, to avoid him and find a respectable job, by moving to a new apartment. However, after pawning her jewelry to buy a toy for her son, she returns home to find out that the Boss tracked her down again. He threatens her, frightening her by claiming to have sold her son and the mother decides to submit to him again to retrieve her son. While living with the thug, she secretly stashes her nights’ earnings behind a hole in the wall, in order to provide her son with an education.
After years, she enrolls her son in a private school. But soon after, other kids at school begin to bully him and call him a "bastard" and the parents also learn that the boy's mother is a prostitute, which leads them to send reproachful letters to the school, demanding the school to expel the boy, complaining that they cannot allow their children to study together with a child from mother with a disreputable profession. Without a choice, the principal pays a visit to the goddess’ home to investigate the accusations of her profession, but the rumors prove to be true. As he sets his mind on expelling the boy, he is swayed by the mother's genuine love for her son and her heartfelt cries, questioning why her son cannot receive what is best for him. Realizing his mistake, the principal goes back to the school to convince other members of the school committee but they do not listen to him. Upon his failure, the principal resigns from his position and the boy's expulsion goes through.
Subsequently, the mother plans to move to a new place with her son where nobody will recognize who they are. When she tries to take out her savings from the hole in the wall, she realizes that the thug has stolen the money to support his gambling habits. When she asks him to return her money, he mocks her and informs that he has already spent it. In a moment of anger, she inadvertently kills the thug by smashing a bottle on his head.
In the end, the mother is convicted of the murder of the thug, the Boss, and sentenced to 12 years in jail. When the school principal reads of this news in a newspaper, he visits her behind prison bars and promises her that he would adopt her son from the orphanage and raise him well, providing a good education. Worried for her son's future and not wanting him to be burdened with his mother's dark history, she asks the principal to tell her son that his mother is dead. After the principal leaves, the young mother smiles as she envisions a bright future for her son, but her smile quickly fades away as she comes back to the cold reality of her life in the prison cell.
Title
The film's title contains several layers of meaning. The word "goddess" is meaningful in that it represents the dual identities of the main character. During the day, the word refers the character as a divine "goddess," a loving mother and guardian for her son, while at night, it refers to her occupation; the Chinese term shennü also serves as an old euphemism for prostitute. At the time of the film's release, this euphemism was particularly relevant as Shanghai was believed to be home to 100,000 women working as prostitutes. Wu's use of the euphemism portrays his views of seeing beyond the stereotype of the fallen women and calls attention to the themes of class struggle and social inequality through the complex character of Ruan Lingyu, who is both victimized and empowered at times. Although she faces the prejudice of the society, she continuously fights against social pressure and attempts to seek justice in the system.
The Goddess in Historical Shanghai
In The Goddess, Ruan appears in front of the camera wearing a cheongsam (also called a qipao), a popular style worn by women since the 1920s China. By the 1930s, qipao became the exemplary dress for modern women in urban Shanghai. Well-to-do women, courtesans, dance hostesses, actresses, girl students, and female workers almost all accepted the characteristic style of qipao.
They dressed in qipao along with short bob or permed hair, stockings, high heels, and makeup not so different as seen on the Western flappers. In this sense, Qipao represents the blend of Chinese culture and Western colonization and reflects Shanghai's weakened state. Qipao are also published in pictorial magazines, fashion designs enriched clothing styles. The fetish for appearance and fashion occurred in the cinema together with the female-featured advertisement calendar posters (yuefenpai 月份牌).
As early examples of Chinese commercial advertising, calendar posters exclusively portray women, many wearing Qipao, as the conveyor of modern marketing messages. They include pictures of women seated with crossed legs, a specific bodily posture that, both in China and in the West, can be read both as a signifier of modernity and as a possible reminder of sexual availability. Calendar posters contributed to create a hybrid format of gender representation where women are portrayed simultaneously as both subject and object of market and sexual consumption, and more precisely where "the boundaries of subject and object, active and passive, owner and owned, unique and general, break down in an endless reflexive interplay of consumer and consumed.
Qipao, as a style of the commodified women on the calendar posters reflects a society which objectified female bodies as a source of pleasure and turned them into tradable commodities which led to the rise of prostitution in Shanghai. Based on the data collected from the sociologist Gamble: In 1917, Shanghai had the highest population of prostitutes compared to other cities, such as London, Berlin and Beijing. Records show that in 1935, there was 1 woman out of 9 - 15 female adults who resorted to prostitution in order to make a living. These numbers are the reason why Wu chose Shanghai as the Goddess’ background, to depict Shanghai's submission to foreign forces and the fallen women of Shanghai. On the other hand, prostitutes, as the visual harbinger of Chinese modernity became the negative side of this metropolitan city, as their roles took on meanings of the "victimized" and the "disorderly."
In this film, Ruan played a prostitute, standing on the night street with her long qipao. However, she was not fashioned as sexy in the traditional sense. While the film tells a story about a prostitute, it did not focus on the "erotic implications" of prostitution, not to mention the connection with moral decline. Instead, it focuses on the suffering of Ruan's character from the prejudice of the education system, the humiliation from neighbours and the abuses of the thug. The temporary status of prostitute and implication of qipao together depict the suffering of these fallen women as characterized by Ruan's character.
The Practice of Self-Censorship
During the time period revolving around the goddess, a large fraction of Shanghai's female population had been designated as prostitutes—one-thirteenth of the female population. Having spent his time observing these "street walkers" and the fact that much of Wu Yonggang's early experience in cinema education revolved around the fallen women genre. Wu Yonggang had initially wished to write a screenplay to draw sympathy for them.
Despite Wu's wishes to show more of the realities of the women in Shanghai, he was forced to undergo self-censorship in order to navigate the diffuse and pervasive anxieties about ideology, politics and market confronting China's filmmakers in 1934. This is shown by Wu Yonggang response to contemporary critics, "‘When I first set out to write about the goddesses, I wished to show more of their real lives, but circumstances would not permit me to do so."
The circumstances that he refers to were the strict conservative restrictions and state surveillance in place by China's Kuomintang (KMT) Nationalist Party during the film's production in October and November 1934. When the KMT came to power, they set up the "Film Censorship Law" in 1930, and the Film Censorship committee (FCC) in 1931.
In the 1930s New Life Movement, film makers were encouraged to promote Confucian values, along with ideals of self-sacrifice and discipline in everyday life. Films would have to present their scripts to the FCC to ensure the upholding of New Life Movement values. The New Life Movement also emphasized the censoring of illicit scenes. The female lead of Goddess is a prostitute, but there are never any illicit scenes, and are implied instead (the Goddess’ child). Despite the lack of evidence which pointed to any formal orders requesting changes to Goddess, Wu may still have felt the governmental pressure, as reported by Lianhua's weekly newsletter that New Life organizational committee members, as well as high-ranking government ministers like Chen Gongbo, had paid several visits to the set half-way through the shooting of the Goddess.
The Confucian Convention: Motherhood in a Patriarchal Society
This film contains several themes alluding to certain ideas that had been present in China. In a short essay published before the film's release in 1934, Wu writes,"When starting to write the script, I wanted to focus more on ['the prostitutes’] actual life experiences. But my circumstances made this impossible. To hide this weakness, I shifted to maternal love while consigning prostitution to the background by depicting an illegal prostitute struggling between two lives for the sake of her child. I used an exploitative thug to propel the plot. I also put words of justice into the mouth of an upright school headmaster, letting him expose the social cause of prostitution. I did not offer a solution to the problem."He intentionally used motherhood as an entry point for a more gritty examination of the conditions for prostitutes in Shanghai in the 1930s.
While this film is reminiscent of the genre conventions seen in the movies containing "fallen woman" figure, it also draws on the questions of motherhood at the front and centre. The film starts with an Art Deco image in the back, with the title superimposed on this image. This image portrays a naked woman with her hands tied behind her back, leaning forward over the naked infant. This portrayal of a woman leaning over the child seems to recall the theme of motherhood to the viewers’ minds. This image reappears as the background for later intertitles, signifying the importance of the motherhood as a theme in this film. "Maternal melodramas", in which mothers sacrifice themselves for their children was a Hollywood staple since the 1920s and China had a similar motivation for this theme; Confucian convention taught women to be a "virtuous wife and good mother" (xianqi linangmu). This model of womanhood was revived by China's Nationalist government which launched its campaign, "New Life Movement" in February 1934.
On the top of this conservative model, another long-standing model of idealized womanhood seems to be at work in this film, and that is the legend of "Mencius's mother." The famous story named "Three Moves", in which Mencius's mother strives to keep her son away from bad influences, explains that Mencius's mother decided to move when she noticed that Mencius started to imitate the actions of the funeral director while they were living near a cemetery and when they moved to a place which was near a marketplace, her son began to imitate the loud voice of salespeople. Therefore, Mencius's mother decided to move to a place which was close to a school. Finally, Mencius began to imitate the students and teachers working on their study.
The film also reflects a strong sense of patriarchy in the way that the problem the mother is facing is resolved. The film portrays the elderly principal, who is a man, stepping in to resolve the dilemma for the mother. He stands up for her son when the school board tries to expel the son. Facing directly the camera, he says, "It's true the child's mother is a streetwalker, but this is due to broader social problems ... Education is our responsibility, and we must rescue this child from adversity." The son is still expelled and the mother ends up in a prison cell, and when it seems there is no hope for the powerless mother, the principal reappears to provide the ultimate solution to her; he offers to become a surrogate father to her son and raise him himself. Film historians have argued that this conclusion and narrative leave the patriarchal system unchanged and assert the primacy of male agency, where the male with a position of respectability and authority tries to correct the wrong and turns into a savior, intervening in the victimized female's situation to offer the ultimate solution to the problem. While one could say that this film is reflecting the reality Chinese people during that particular time experienced in everyday life, it also seems to act as an agency to reinforce the central ideas of patriarchists; the female mother is vulnerable and in need of help from the male principal, who is able to resolve the problems for her.
Hollywood Influence
Many early Shanghai-produced films were heavily influenced by Hollywood, a characteristic commonly seen in the filmography of the Lianhua Film Company. Goddess remains one of their most well-known films, and exhibits some of the camera techniques characteristic to Hollywood that can also be identified as part of the Lianhua Film style. Through the use of intertitles, lighting and distinctive close up shots of the protagonist's face, Cinematographer Hong Weilie humanizes the Goddess, creating a strong emotional connection between her character and the audience.
More than just being influenced by cinematic techniques originating in Hollywood, Goddess also borrows generic conventions, particularly from the "fallen woman" films popularized in the 1920s and 30s like Stella Dallas (1925),Stella Dallas (1937), Madame X (1929), The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931) and Blonde Venus (1932). Some similarities include the Goddess's fall from grace in society, although in contrast to many fallen women films this occurs before the start of the film, and her devotion to her child, willing to make great personal sacrifices to ensure a better life for him. However, while Goddess owes a narrative debt to these earlier Hollywood films, its quality has been enough to immortalize it as a worthy contemporary of them, particularly based on the strength of Ruan Lingyu's performance. In contemporary international film festivals, Ruan Lingyu has been featured alongside other prolific "fallen woman" actresses such as Marlene Dietrich and Barbara Stanwyck, and even nicknamed the "Garbo of the Orient", a reference to Greta Garbo.
Reception
Wu's directorial debut was received well back in 1934. Ruan Lingyu's popularity was cited as an influence, as well as the emotional appeal, with the Cultural Revolution affecting the acceptability of film content and styles. Interest in the "classic" film era for Chinese cinema returned internationally after Maggie Cheung's portrayal of Ruan Lingyu in the biopic Center Stage (1991), which recreates one of its scenes.
Cinematic techniques
Montage
A rapidly cut, rather kaleidoscope series of images that often condense but sometimes expand time and space.
Montage of iconic images of the streets: a passing tram car, people on a busy sidewalk in front of a window display of a mannequin in a swimsuit, and a fortune teller. (5:03 - 5:24) The montage here demonstrates that the Night Shanghai is a bustling, lively place where a variety of shops, peddlers are doing business. The fallen woman, Ruan's character, is also trying to make a living similar to the others.
Rapid montage of the police conducting a sweep on the streets for some unknown reasons. (8:51 - 9:15). This montage indicates the panic and fearfulness of the crowd and Ruan's character as they run, hide and escape in fast paces. It also shows that the residents do not have a positive impression on the police in 1930s China. Instead, they are scared of the police.
Dissolve
dissolve is a type of soft editing used to create a sense of dynamism within a single scene and between scenes. A series of dissolves at the climactic moment (between 1:10 and 1:11) shows the goddess's disorientation when she hits the thug over the head, which dissolves into the court sentencing her, and then her arrival in jail
Matte image
A type of special effect in which one area of the image is filmed, either by shooting a real background directly or painting one and shooting the painting while the remaining area is left blank by blocking a corresponding area of the lens, the blank area is then filled by filming with the opposite area being blocked, after which the two areas are combined in processing. In the perspective of the grinning thug, the Shanghai nightscape appears, and what makes him smile is a vision of the goddess, smiling and radiant over the city of night. (12:26) The matte image, made using the same double-exposure technique used in Laborer's love (1922), juxtaposes city and woman. Seen through the eyes of this lustful man, the city itself is personified as a sexually inviting woman who is out there and available. The matte image also demonstrates the prejudices that the vulnerable fallen women experience in Shanghai as powerful male oppression can perceive them as personal possessions arbitrarily.
Framing
The individual rectangular photographs on a strip of motion picture film, which when run through a projector, yield the impression of movement owing to slight variations in the position of the object being photographed.
The thug is often framed, from a low angle in medium close up, which emphasizes his larger than life presence. He literally takes up more of the screen space. When Ruan's character picks up the broken toy on the floor and looks up at the thug, the camera cuts to a shot of the mother crouching with her child framed between the man's legs. (24:46)
Ruan's character's crouching position between the man's legs demonstrates that she, as a victimized, weak woman is unable to escape from the terrifying and powerful man.
Ellipsis
When Ruan's character, now wearing a white dress, abruptly appears - her costume signaling a time jump between shots of her apartment and the night streets. (8:43)
The ellipsis makes the plot move forward and faster by excluding the unnecessary scenes and allowing the director to focus on the key plot directly.
Set Design:
Show the simplicity of the goddess's living quarters: a bed, a table, a few chairs, a hot water bottle, a couple of dresses and a few other possessions. (2:01 - 2:21) (2:56) When the fat, towering thug is in the room with her, the interior space becomes claustrophobic. (22:25). This indicates that the thug, as a significant figure, invades Ruan and her son, a suffering woman and a poor child's small, personal space as a male oppressor. Set design is stripped down to bare iconography - this is a space in which four nameless people - a woman, her child, a male oppressor and a male savior act out an elemental moral drama.
Editing
The process of splicing one shot to another; synonyms with cutting.
Brisk: A shot of only a few seconds. Overhead shot of the woman picking up a new client on the street, transition between scenes. (7:00 - 7:05) Shots of Shanghai's neon nightscape, inserted into a scene set in the woman's apartment, repeatedly contrast the vast, opaque city with the proximate and concrete image of one struggling individual. (8:24 -8:30) The alternation of interior and exterior scenes mimics the goddess's double life. The Shanghai neon nightscape represents her exterior status as a glamorous street walker while the small, sweet apartment represents her interior status as a caring domestic mother.
Normal: Editing of school talent show brings together the atomized narrative of the woman and her child and a broader narrative of social intolerance. Shots of the stage alternate with shots of the audience reaction, especially the woman's beaming face, conveying a sense of harmony and unity between performer and audience. (47:14) The shot of the goddess' beaming face and happy expression indicate that despite her profession, she is proud of her son as a caring and loving mother. This breaks down when her neighbor starts gossiping to the others about her profession; the cuts then seem to contrast the innocence of the children (46:38) with the depravity of the judgmental adults. (47:46)
Production release
December 7, 1934 Shanghai, China
April 22, 2014 China (4th Beijing International Film Festival) (restored version)
June 15, 2014 China (Shanghai International Film Festival) (restored version)
June 24, 2014 France (French Film archive) (restored version)
October 14, 2014 British (London Film Festival) (restored version)
Other release versions
In 2003, a DVD was released of the film, made from 35mm prints provided by The China Film Archive. This version came with a newly composed piano score by Kevin Purrone.
The University of Hong Kong Press repackaged the DVD film in 2005, combining it with a biography of Ruan Lingyu called Ruan Lingyu: The Goddess of Shanghai. While the original film only used Chinese intertitles for the silent film, both 2003 and 2005 versions of the DVD have English intertitles available.
Further reading
Henriot, Christian (2001). Prostitution and Sexuality in Shanghai: A Social History, 1849-1949. Cambridge University Press.
Hershatter, Gail (1999). Dangerous Pleasures: Prostitution and Modernity in Twentieth-Century Shanghai. University of California Press; First edition.
Harris, Kristine (2008). “The Goddess: Fallen Woman of Shanghai.” Chinese Films in Focus II, pp. 128–136.
Li, Guo (2012). Rethinking the Female Voice and the Ideology of Sound:On Stanley Kwan's film Center Stage (Ruan Lingyu, 1992). Film International vol. 10, no. 4, 2012, pp. 72-81.
References
External links
Goddess 神女 (1934) with English subtitles on YouTube
Chinese Film Classics online course, Module 3: Goddess (1934): full film with English subtitles and two video lectures, clips, links, at the scholarly website chinesefilmclassics.org
(English intertitles)
Translated intertitles for The Goddess
Essay on the film
More production information reference: Wood, Bret. "The Goddess (1934)." Turner Classic Movies. N.p., n.d. Web. May 2017.
1934 films
1934 drama films
Chinese silent films
Chinese drama films
1934 directorial debut films
Films about prostitution in China
Lianhua Film Company films
Films directed by Wu Yonggang
Chinese black-and-white films
Silent drama films |
```objective-c
*
* This file is in the Public Domain.
*
* For jurisdictions in which the Public Domain does not exist
* or it is not otherwise applicable, this file is licensed CC0
* (Creative Commons Zero).
*/
/* This file contains definitions for non-standard macros defined by
* glibc, but quite commonly used in packages.
*
* Because they are non-standard, musl does not define those macros.
* It does not provide cdefs.h either.
*
* This file is a compatibility header written from scratch, to be
* installed when the C library is musl.
*
* Not all macros from the glibc's cdefs.h are available, only the
* most commonly used ones.
*
* Please refer to the glibc documentation and source code for
* explanations about those macros.
*/
#ifndef BUILDROOT_SYS_CDEFS_H
#define BUILDROOT_SYS_CDEFS_H
/* Function prototypes. */
#undef __P
#define __P(arg) arg
/* C declarations in C++ mode. */
#ifdef __cplusplus
# define __BEGIN_DECLS extern "C" {
# define __END_DECLS }
#else
# define __BEGIN_DECLS
# define __END_DECLS
#endif
/* Don't throw exceptions in C functions. */
#ifndef __cplusplus
# define __THROW __attribute__ ((__nothrow__))
# define __NTH(f) __attribute__ ((__nothrow__)) f
#else
# define __THROW
# define __NTH(f) f
#endif
#endif /* ifndef BUILDROOT_SYS_CDEFS_H */
``` |
Ghora Ras Ghona railway station is part of the Kolkata Suburban Railway system and operated by Eastern Railway. It is located on the Barasat–Hasnabad line in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Layout
See also
References
External links
Ghora Ras Ghona Station Map
Railway stations in India opened in 1962
Sealdah railway division
Railway stations in North 24 Parganas district
Kolkata Suburban Railway stations |
Meddon Moor is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Cornwall, England. The moor is located in the very north-eastern corner of Cornwall, on the border with Devon, within the civil parish of Morwenstow. The Devon village of Meddon lies to the north-east of the moor.
The Meddon Moor SSSI is noted for its biodiversity, and sits on the Carboniferous Culm Measures of North Cornwall. It contains the largest single area of remaining Culm grassland in Cornwall.
See also
Meddon Green Local Nature Reserve
References
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cornwall
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1992
Conservation in the United Kingdom
Moorlands of England |
Doyana is a town in the Coalla Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 1,052.
References
External links
Satellite map at Maplandia.com
Populated places in the Est Region (Burkina Faso)
Gnagna Province |
The third round of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification was played from 26 March 2017 to 27 March 2018.
Format
A total of 24 teams (16 teams which advanced from the second round and eight teams which advanced from the play-off round) compete in the third round to compete for the final 12 slots in the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. Since the hosts United Arab Emirates advanced to the third round of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification, the automatic slot for the hosts is no longer necessary.
The 24 teams were divided into six groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The top two teams of each group qualified for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup, where they were joined by the 12 teams which qualified directly from the second round.
Qualified teams
Teams qualified from second round
Notes
Teams qualified from play-off round
Teams qualified from Solidarity Cup
Due to the withdrawal of Guam and the suspension of Kuwait, the AFC invited both Nepal and Macau, the top two teams of the 2016 AFC Solidarity Cup, to re-enter 2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification as replacements in order to maintain 24 teams in the third round of the competition.
Draw
The draw for the third round was held on 23 January 2017, 16:00 GST (UTC+4), in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. It was initially scheduled for 18 January 2017, but was delayed.
The 24 teams were drawn into six groups of four. They were seeded using the January 2017 FIFA World Rankings (indicated in parentheses below).
The national teams which eventually qualified are presented in bold.
Schedule
The schedule of each matchday was as follows.
Groups
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Goalscorers
Notes
References
External links
, the-AFC.com
AFC Asian Cup UAE 2019, stats.the-AFC.com
Qual3
Qual3
3
March 2017 sports events in Asia
June 2017 sports events in Asia
September 2017 sports events in Asia
October 2017 sports events in Asia
November 2017 sports events in Asia
March 2018 sports events in Asia |
The was a commission belonging to Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Members of the commission were appointed by the transport minister to investigate the causes of aircraft and railway accidents and to make recommendations on improvements to prevent similar accidents. It was housed in the 2nd Building of the Central Common Government Office at 2-1-2 Kasumigasaeki in Chiyoda, Tokyo.
It was founded on October 1, 2001, replacing the Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission. After a train accident occurred on the Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line on March 8, 2000 the former AAIC was restructured to ARAIC to also deal with railway accidents.
The Japan Transport Safety Board began on October 1, 2008 as a merger between the Japan Marine Accident Inquiry Agency (JMAIA) and the ARAIC.
Investigations
2001 Japan Airlines mid-air incident
China Airlines Flight 120
See also
Japan Civil Aviation Bureau
References
External links
AIRAIC in English (Archive)
ARAIC in Japanese (Archive)
Transport disasters in Japan
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Rail accident investigators
Organizations investigating aviation accidents and incidents
2001 establishments in Japan
Organizations established in 2001
Organizations disestablished in 2008
Aviation organizations based in Japan |
Copeland is an unincorporated community located in eastern Collier County, Florida, United States. It lies at the junction of State Road 29 and Janes Memorial Scenic Drive (County Road 837). Copeland lies along the western border of the Big Cypress National Preserve, and wedged beside the Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park to the east. The hamlet of Jerome is a few miles to the north, while Carnestown lies a few miles to the south at the intersection of State Road 29 and U.S. Route 41.
Logging era: 1943-1957
Copeland was founded in 1932 and named in honor of David Graham Copeland, a U.S. Navy engineer who helped plan the Tamiami Trail and began a family-owned farming business at this location.
During the Second World War, the demand for cypress brought the timber industry to southwest Florida. The newly established Lee Cypress Lumber Company began operations in 1943 and made Copeland a company town. The operation was overseen by superintendent J.R. Terill, and Copeland served as the base camp for over three hundred sawyers, railroad workers, and their families. Homes were made of cypress and built on-site as the population increased. Most of the people living at Copeland were black and the community was segregated with separate facilities for white and black workers. The town boasted a commissary and a few "jukes" for entertainment. Almost all functions including entertainment were overseen by the Lee Cypress Company. A large railroad depot handled the logs that were brought out of the Fakahatchee Strand and other parts of the Big Cypress Swamp, the current Jane's Scenic Drive following the route of the main railroad line through Fakahatchee. The logs were sent to the massive sawmill complex in Perry, Florida, four hundred miles north. The last steam locomotive used to carry timber is on display at the Collier County Museum in Naples. Copeland's population dwindled quickly in the late Fifties as the timber industry concluded its operations in 1957.
The population was estimated at 275 people in 2006. Copeland also lies within a Florida panther habitat.
Copeland is part of the Naples–Marco Island Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Copeland was also the location of the low-budget, 1976 horror movie, Blood Stalkers.
References
Unincorporated communities in Collier County, Florida
Unincorporated communities in Florida |
Imaclava asaedai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.
Description
The shell grows to a length of 27 mm.
Distribution
This species occurs in the demersal zone of the Pacific Ocean off the Gulf of California, Western Mexico
References
Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295
External links
asaedai
Gastropods described in 1951 |
James L. Perry is a career academic, American professor, and co-editor of the Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration.
Perry, who has only worked in academia, began his career in 1974 at University of California, Irvine. After 11 years at UC – Irvine, which included positions as associate dean and doctoral program coordinator, Perry began his tenure at Indiana University Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs (O'Neill School). During his 28 years at the O'Neill School, he served as a visiting professor at Chinese University of Hong Kong on a Fulbright Scholarship, visiting professor at the Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, and distinguished visiting professor at Yonsei University in South Korea on a second Fulbright Scholarship. He has held numerous leadership positions during his tenure at Indiana University, including director of Indiana University American Democracy Project, associate dean at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, chair of Policy and Administration Faculty, and director of the Joint PhD program in public policy. From 1998 to 2000 Perry served as the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Public Affairs Education. He also served as editor-in-chief of Public Administration Review between 2012 and 2017, and is currently the co-editor of Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration. Perry won the 2008 Dwight Waldo Award (presented by American Society for Public Administration) and the John Gaus Award (American Political Science Association) in 2017 and the 2018 Routledge Prize for outstanding contributions to public management research (International Research Society for Public Management). He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.
Bibliography
Managing Organizations to Sustain Passion for Public Service (2021)
Public Service and Good Governance for the Twenty-first Century (2020)Handbook of Public Administration, 3rd Edition (2015)
Motivation in Public Management: The Call of Public Service (2008)
Civic Service: What Difference Does It Make? (2004)
References
External links
https://oneill.indiana.edu/faculty-research/directory/profiles/faculty/full-time/perry-james.html
Indiana University faculty
Writers from Bloomington, Indiana
People from Two Rivers, Wisconsin
Writers from Wisconsin
Public administration scholars
1948 births
Living people
University of California, Irvine faculty
Academic journal editors
Fulbright alumni |
Hyposmocoma niveiceps is a species of moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian islands of Molokai and Lanai.
External links
niveiceps
Endemic moths of Hawaii
Biota of Molokai
Moths described in 1907
Taxa named by Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham |
Pouteria aristata is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Cuba.
References
aristata
Endemic flora of Cuba
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Charles Baehni
Taxa named by Nathaniel Lord Britton
Taxa named by Percy Wilson |
Loyola High School, Vinukonda is a private Catholic primary and secondary school located in Vinukonda, Guntur, in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. The school was established in the 1960s by the Society of Jesus in conjunction with the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception.
Overview
Loyola High School is part of the Vinukonda Mission that was founded in 1960. With the help of the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, Rev. Fr. T. Baliah, SJ set up a dispensary, a high school for girls, and then in 1970 a primary school both for boys and girls. With a large number of students, Rev. Baliah started a Telugu language high school for boys.
In 2009 an English medium high school was launched.
See also
List of Jesuit schools
References
Jesuit secondary schools in India
Jesuit primary schools in India
Schools in Guntur district
Christian schools in Andhra Pradesh
1960s establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Educational institutions established in the 1960s |
The Bachelor () is a 1990 English-language historical drama film directed by Roberto Faenza, based on the novel Dr. Gräsler, Badearzt by Arthur Schnitzler. It stars Keith Carradine, Miranda Richardson, Kristin Scott Thomas and Sarah-Jane Fenton. Set in the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the First World War, the film follows Doctor Emil Gräsler, a distinguished physician who is forced to choose between two women he loves.
Cast
Keith Carradine as Doctor Emil Gräsler
Miranda Richardson as Frederica / Widow
Kristin Scott Thomas as Sabine
Sarah-Jane Fenton as Katerina
Mari Törőcsik as Mrs. von Schleheim
Mario Adorf as L'amico di Gräsler
Max von Sydow as Von Schleheim
Franco Diogene
References
External links
1990 films
1990 drama films
1990s historical drama films
1990s English-language films
English-language Hungarian films
English-language Italian films
Films about physicians
Films based on Austrian novels
Films based on works by Arthur Schnitzler
Films directed by Roberto Faenza
Films scored by Ennio Morricone
Films set in the 1910s
Films set in Austria
Films shot in Budapest
Hungarian historical drama films
Italian historical drama films
Films set in Austria-Hungary
1990s Italian films |
Laphria ferox is a robber fly in the genus Laphria ("bee-like robber flies"), in the order Diptera ("flies").
References
Further reading
External links
ferox
Insects described in 1883
Taxa named by Samuel Wendell Williston |
Gyraulus pamphylicus is a species of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snail, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The species is endemic to Taurus Mountains in Turkey.
References
Gyraulus
Gastropods described in 2009
Endemic fauna of Turkey |
Makkoshotyka is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary.
References
Populated places in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County |
Giżyce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Michów, within Lubartów County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Michów, north-west of Lubartów, and north of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Villages in Lubartów County |
The Czechoslovak Player of the Year (, ) award was an annual prize given to the best Czechoslovak football player by the Czechoslovak Football Association since 1965. Award for coach of the year was also awarded since 1985.
Winners
References
Historie ankety Fotbalista roku at ČMFS website
Association football player of the year awards by nationality
Awards established in 1965
1965 establishments in Czechoslovakia
1992 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia
Annual events in Czechoslovakia
Awards disestablished in 1992
Association football player non-biographical articles |
Olivia Grégoire (born 30 September 1978) is a French politician of Renaissance (RE) who has been serving as Minister for Small and Medium Enterprises, Trade, Crafts and Tourism under President Emmanuel Macron since 2022.
Grégoire previously served as Government Spokesperson in the government of Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne (2022) and as Secretary of State for Social Economy in the government of Prime Minister Jean Castex (2020–2022). She was a member of the National Assembly for the 12th constituency of Paris between 2017 and 2020.
Early life and career
After a khâgne in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Grégoire gained a Licence in history from Paris Nanterre University in 1999. She graduated from Sciences Po in 2001, the same year as Emmanuel Macron, then completed a master's degree in marketing at ESSEC Business School in 2002.
From 2002 to 2005, Grégoire worked for the press office of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, as well as from 2005 until 2007 as an adviser and strategist for Health Minister Xavier Bertrand. Between 2007 and 2014 she worked in communications and marketing for the multinational companies DDB Worldwide, Havas and Saint-Gobain, and for the government communications agency Etalab. She founded Olicare, a communications and strategy consultancy, in 2014.
Political career
Grégoire joined Emmanuel Macron’s En Marche! movement in March 2016, a month before it was publicly launched, and was involved in designing the movement’s policies on health-care. In the 2017 legislative elections she was elected with 56.36% of the vote, defeating Philippe Goujon of The Republicans.
Within her parliamentary group, Grégoire was one of the spokespersons. She was also a member of the Finance Committee, a parliamentary committee that scrutinizes public spending. At the beginning of the term, Grégoire and Valérie Oppelt launched an informal group of around 50 LREM members in support of strengthening entrepreneurship.
She was re-elected to parliament in the 2022 French legislative election, but returned to government, and so was replaced by her substitute Fanta Berete.
Political positions
In July 2019, Grégoire voted in favor of the French ratification of the European Union’s Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with Canada.
References
1978 births
Living people
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 16th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Renaissance (French political party) politicians
21st-century French women politicians
Politicians from Paris
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Paris Nanterre University alumni
Sciences Po alumni
ESSEC Business School alumni
Secretaries of State of France
Members of Parliament for Paris
Members of the Borne government
Women government ministers of France |
Ernie Tapai (born 14 February 1967) is an Australian former professional soccer player who spent the majority of his career in the Australian National Soccer League (NSL). He also had stints in England, Portugal and Singapore. Tapai played 52 times for Australia, including 37 times in full international matches.
Early life
Tapai was born in Subotica, Yugoslavia (now in Serbia). He migrated to Australia with his parents as a young child.
Club career
After playing as a junior for Melbourne Hungaria, Tapai signed for Footscray JUST ahead of the 1985 National Soccer League season. He made at age 18 in the National Soccer League. After playing with Sunshine George Cross and Adelaide City Tapai moved to Europe to play for English side Stoke City.Stoke City. He never got much of a chance at Stoke making just once appearance for the club which came as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Crewe Alexandra in the Football League Trophy on 6 January 1993.
Tapai then signed with Portuguese club Estoril, participating in the 1993–94 Primeira Divisão season, where he scored his only goal against Benfica, but moved back to play in Australia. He went on to play for Gippsland Falcons and Perth Glory before playing for three years in Singapore with Home United and Clementi Khalsa and retired after the 2002 season with Westgate.
After ending his playing career Tapai went into coaching.
International career
Tapai played 52 games (37 'A' games) for the Australia national team between 1986 and 1998. He was part of the Australia squad that claimed 2nd place at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup. Australian manager Terry Venables received criticism for bringing on Tapai in the 1997 World Cup Qualifier against Iran. Australia needed a goal and Tapai was not the man many viewed as being a viable attacking option.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Australia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Tapai goal.
References
1967 births
Living people
Australian men's soccer players
Australian expatriate men's soccer players
Australia men's international soccer players
Adelaide City FC players
Footscray JUST players
Perth Glory FC players
Stoke City F.C. players
Caroline Springs George Cross FC players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Australian people of Hungarian descent
Lion City Sailors FC players
Balestier Khalsa FC players
Singapore Premier League players
Collingwood Warriors SC players
G.D. Estoril Praia players
Primeira Liga players
Men's association football midfielders
Falcons 2000 SC players
1996 OFC Nations Cup players
1997 FIFA Confederations Cup players
1998 OFC Nations Cup players
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Singapore
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Singapore
Sportspeople from Subotica |
"Nee Nee Na Na Na Na Nu Nu" is a song released in 1958 by Dicky Doo and the Don'ts. Aside from the nonsense syllables of the title, which are repeated three times, it is an instrumental. "Nee Nee Na Na Na Na Nu Nu" reached No. 40 on the Billboard "Top 100 Sides", while reaching No. 42 on Billboards chart of "Best Selling Pop Singles in Stores".
In 1980, a version titled "Ne-Ne Na-Na Na-Na Nu-Nu" was released by Bad Manners, which spent 14 weeks on the UK Singles Chart, reaching No. 28.
References
1958 songs
1958 singles
1980 singles
Swan Records singles
Magnet Records singles
Bad Manners songs |
It was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia.
See also
List of castra
Notes
External links
Roman castra from Romania - Google Maps / Earth
Roman legionary fortresses in Romania
History of Muntenia |
Grown Ups was an American emo band from Chicago, Illinois and Furnessville, Indiana.
History
Their sound combined Emo and Screamo with Indie rock, Math rock and Pop punk. They released one full-length album, More Songs, under the London, Britain-based Big Scary Monsters label, later re-released by American label, Topshelf Records.
They have toured Europe and the United Kingdom.
They released "Hand Holder" EP/7" on Doghouse Records in 2011.
Doyle Martin went on to form the band Cloakroom, as well as play guitar in the band Nothing.
Members
Jacob Bonham – drums
Doyle Martin – vocals, guitar
Adam Sheets – guitar
Andy Tokarski – bass
Discography
Studio album
More Songs (Big Scary Monsters, Topshelf Records) (2010)
EPs
Songs (Kid Sister Everything) (2009)
Handholder (Doghouse Records) (2011)
Splits
Gotta Groove SXSW Promo 2011: Split with The Clippers, Empire! Empire! (I Was a Lonely Estate) (Count Your Lucky Stars, Topshelf Records) (2011)
Split with Brighter Arrows, Raw Nerve, Cloud Mouth (2011)
References
External links
Biography on Top Shelf Records website
Biography on Big Scary Monsters Recording Company's website.
Grown Ups on Myspace
American emo musical groups
Topshelf Records artists
Doghouse Records artists |
New Ways of Analyzing Variation Asia-Pacific (often shortened to NWAV Asia-Pacific or NWAV-AP) is a biennial academic conference in sociolinguistics and the first sister conference of New Ways of Analyzing Variation. NWAV Asia-Pacific focuses on research based on empirical data with an emphasis on quantitative analysis of variation and change across the Asia-Pacific region, including speech communities, multilingualism, urbanization and migration, sociophonetics, style-shifting, language contact, variation in minority languages, dialect variation and change, dialect contact, variation in acquisition, language change across the lifespan, perceptual dialectology, and other related topics such as technological resources for sociolinguistic research. The first NWAV Asia-Pacific conference was held at University of Delhi, India in February, 2011, which included an inaugural conference address by William Labov.
The NWAV Asia/Pacific conference series has also led to the founding of a new peer-reviewed journal focused on language variation and change in this region:
Asia-Pacific Language Variation (Benjamins Publishing).
Past conferences
See also
New Ways of Analyzing Variation
Researching language variation and change
Dialectology
Linguistics conferences
Sociolinguistics
Variable rules analysis
Sociolinguistics |
Patty Jean Judge (née Poole; born November 2, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 45th lieutenant governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011 and previously the 13th Secretary of Agriculture of Iowa from 1999 to 2007. She unsuccessfully ran for reelection as lieutenant governor in 2010 after being elected to the office in 2006 with Chet Culver as governor.
On March 4, 2016, she announced her candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate and won the primary on June 7. She lost the general election to Republican incumbent Chuck Grassley.
Early life, education and career
Judge was born in Fort Madison, Iowa. She graduated from Albia High School. She received a Registered Nursing degree from Iowa Methodist School of Nursing which merged in the 1960s to be part of St. Luke's Regional Medical Center. She also attended the University of Iowa. As a registered nurse Judge has worked in public health. She developed the first in-service education program and first utilization review program for the Monroe County Hospital.
With her interest in economic development she was prompted to earn a real estate broker's license and set up a small business specializing in the selling and appraising of farms. During the farm crisis of the 1980s she was a mediator for the Iowa Farmer Creditor Mediation Service.
Judge is a lifelong resident of southern Iowa. She was raised in Albia, Iowa. She and her husband John have owned a cow-calf farm in Monroe County for thirty-five years. Her husband also served in the Iowa Senate. They have three sons and five grandchildren. She has been dedicated to community service, serving on the Albia Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors, as a 4-H leader, a member of PEO, an honorary FFA Chapter Farmer and a member of the Iowa State Fair Board.
In 2011 Judge's son Joe, a high school U.S. history & government teacher also in Albia, announced his intent to be the second generation of the family to serve in Iowa government by running for the Iowa House of Representatives in the 80th district in 2012. Joe was unsuccessful in this attempt and lost to Larry Sheets in the general election.
Political career
Iowa State Senate
Judge was elected to the Iowa State Senate from Iowa's 46th District in 1992 and then re-elected in 1996. During her time in the Senate she served in the roles of assistant majority leader and assistant minority leader. She was the ranking member of the Agriculture Committee. Other committees she served on were the Senate Natural Resources, Ways and Means, Appropriations, Small Business and Economic Development, and Human Services.
Iowa Secretary of Agriculture
Judge was first elected to the office of Iowa Secretary of Agriculture in 1998 and then re-elected in 2002. She holds the honor of being the first woman to serve as Iowa Secretary of Agriculture. Judge brought to the office a strong background in production agriculture, personnel management, finance, and the management of state government.
Iowa Lieutenant Governor
On February 15, 2006, Judge stepped down as a candidate for Governor of Iowa, announced her endorsement of Iowa Secretary of State Chet Culver for the office, and became his running mate as lieutenant governor. On November 7, 2006, she was elected Lieutenant Governor of Iowa.
Culver and Judge lost in their bid for re-election in 2010.
Judge announced on December 30, 2012, that she declined to run for lieutenant governor in 2014.
Co-chair of America's Renewable Future
In 2015, Judge was appointed the co-chair of a new bi-partisan PAC, whose sole purpose is to make candidates visiting Iowa aware of the need for the Renewable Fuel Standard. Judge has long been seen as a champion of agricultural issues and known for breaking barriers in being the first woman to serve as the Iowan Secretary of Agriculture. Judge has since met with many potential candidates to show them the importance of the RFS. Judge will continue to serve in this role throughout the 2016 Election Cycle.
2016 U.S. Senate election
On March 4, 2016, Judge announced her plan to run for the Senate Seat currently held by Senator Charles Grassley. The New York Times deemed her a "formidable challenger" to Grassley. Judge lost the election by a 24.4% margin.
See also
List of female lieutenant governors in the United States
References
External links
Patty Judge for Senate campaign site
Campaign contributions for Gov/Lt. Gov. at the National Institute for Money in State Politics
|-
|-
|-
1943 births
American nurses
American women nurses
American women farmers
Farmers from Iowa
Democratic Party Iowa state senators
Lieutenant Governors of Iowa
Living people
People from Albia, Iowa
People from Fort Madison, Iowa
Secretaries of Agriculture of Iowa
Women state legislators in Iowa
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Candidates in the 2016 United States Senate elections
21st-century women farmers
21st-century American farmers
20th-century women farmers
20th-century American farmers |
Graeme Killick (born 26 February 1989) is a Canadian cross-country skier on the Canadian national team. He participated in the 2009 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships in Praz de Lys-Sommand, France, where he placed 14th in the classic sprint, 15th in the 20 km pursuit, and 25th in the 10 km skate. He also competed in the 2010 Nordic U23 World Championships in Hinterzarten, Germany, where he recorded a 47th in the skate sprint, 25th in the 15 km classic, and 7th in the 30 km pursuit. At the end of the 2009–2010 season Killick recorded two national championship Open Men titles in the 15 km skate by a very large gap of 22.0 seconds and getting the win in the 10 km classic by 3.9seconds.
References
External links
http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=CC&competitorid=140197&type=result&rec_start=0&limit=100
https://web.archive.org/web/20071119191647/http://www.cccski.com/main.asp?cmd=doc&ID=4622&lan=0
Canadian male cross-country skiers
Living people
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic cross-country skiers for Canada
1989 births |
Under the old Model-year nomenclature system many different Pieces of equipment had the same Model number.
M1919 Browning machine gun
16"/50 caliber M1919 gun
M1919 Christie 57mm Gun Medium Tank
See also
M1918 (disambiguation)
M1920 (disambiguation) |
This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Uplawmoor in East Renfrewshire, Scotland.
List
|}
Key
See also
List of listed buildings in East Renfrewshire
Notes
References
All entries, addresses and coordinates are based on data from Historic Scotland. This data falls under the Open Government Licence
Uplawmoor |
Neunkirchen Hauptbahnhof is a railway station in the district town of Neunkirchen in the German state of Saarland. Here the Nahe Valley Railway (Nahetalbahn) intersects with the Homburg–Neunkirchen railway and the Fischbach Valley Railway (Fischbachtalbahn). It is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 3 station.
History
In July 1850, construction of the first Neunkirchen station started during the construction of the Saarbrücken Railway from Bexbach to Saarbrücken. On 15 November 1850, the station was opened for freight traffic by the Palatine Ludwig Railway (Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn). The first passenger trains ran daily from April 1851 to Ludwigshafen and back. The station itself was officially opened on 15 or 16 November 1852 together with the Neunkirchen–Saarbrücken line. Eight years later, on 25 May 1860, the double-track Rhine–Nahe Railway (Rhein-Nahebahn) was completed to a new station building, the so-called Nahebahnhof ("Nahe station") built in its current location. The old station, dating from 1850, was completely demolished in the process.
As early as 7 September 1850, the first coal train ran on the branch line from Heinitz via Neunkirchen. In 1872, this was followed by the line to the König ("king") colliery. On 15 October 1879, the single-track line to Wemmetsweiler (now part of the Fischbach Valley Railway), was opened; this line was duplicated in 1891.
The station's tracks were remodelled between 1910 and 1922. A new marshalling yard was built in 1912 in the district originally called Schlawerie (now Sinnerthal). In December 1914, the underpasses and the five platforms were finished. The outbreak of war on 1 August 1914 delayed the construction of the station building considerably. The building was completed only in 1923; it was regarded as the most beautiful station built by the Deutsche Reichsbahn railway division of the Saarland. In 1937, daily traffic amounted to more than 3,000 carriages. At the same time it had 17 sidings.
On 27 May 1944, the station was severely damaged in an air raid. The station building was severely damaged. Only the right pavilion was largely undamaged. On 21 March 1945 Neunkirchen was taken by American troops. Reconstruction began and rail traffic was resumed. On 31 May 1945, the first scheduled passenger trains ran between Neunkirchen and Türkismühle. Since the line between Saarbrücken and Homburg (the Palatine Ludwig Railway) was heavily damaged, the less damaged lines from Saarbrücken to Neunkirchen (the Nahe Valley Railway via Sulzbach and the Fischbach Valley Railway) was repaired and returned to operations on 25 June 1945. Also re-opened were the Neunkirchen–Homburg line (with Homburg Central Station still closed) and the Nahe Valley Railway from Neunkirchen to Bad Kreuznach.
The badly damaged Neunkirchen station was not rebuilt until the end of 1947. The left wing was rebuilt and the roof was replaced completely. The entrance building and the pavilion, which had previously been separate were now joined by a hipped roof. In the following years only minor architectural changes were made to the exterior and the interior. Otherwise, the building has been preserved in this form until today.
The station played a major role because of the heavy industrialisation of Neunkirchen with coal mines and the steel works. In 1955, there were up to 275 passenger train arrivals and departures daily, including four express trains. The number of freight trains was very high. In November 1965, 3 new signal boxes with relay interlockings went into operation and replaced 10 old signal boxes. The signals from Bexbach to Dudweiler are remotely controlled from the signal box Nof.
On 13 May 1966, electric trains began running through Neunkirchen on the line from Wemmetsweiler to Homburg. Freight traffic to Heinitz was abandoned in 1963 and all traffic was abandoned to the König colliery in 1970.
Platforms
Following the upgrade of 1914 there were six platforms in Neunkirchen:
platform 1: for trains to Homburg and to and from Heinitz, now tracks 26 and 27,
platform 2: arrival of the trains from Homburg, now track 25,
platform 3: for trains towards Bingen, Mainz and Frankfurt/M, now track 1,
platform 4: for trains towards Saarbrücken, now tracks 2 and 3,
platform 5 (closed since ca 1990): for trains to and from Wemmetsweiler/Lebach, also towards Bingen, today tracks 4 (dismantled) and 7 (unused for passenger trains)
platform 6 (closed since 1965): for trains to and from different destinations (mostly regional), goods services, luggage, mail services and used for shunting coaches, today tracks 8 and 9 (used for shunting and goods trains).
Current situation
After the decline of the coal and steel industry in Neunkirchen more railway lines were closed. Of the previous five platforms only 4 are now in operation. Neunkirchen is a through station for the Nahe Valley Railway from Saarbrücken to Bingen (timetable route—KBS—680), the Neunkirchen–Wemmetsweiler line (KBS 683) and the Illingen–Homburg line (KBS 683).
Rail services
Neunkirchen station is served by the following regional rail services:
References
Footnotes
Sources
Railway stations in the Saarland
Buildings and structures in Neunkirchen, Saarland
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1852 |
Bernard Cheong (born April 10, 1958) is a Singaporean physician and watch collector.
Medical career
Cheong became a medical doctor in 1982 after receiving a degree in medicine and surgery from NUS in Singapore. His earlier days were spent practicing medicine in hospitals in Singapore, and India. He subsequently became a specialist medical officer in emergency medicine, orthopaedics, paediatrics, and internal medicine before he resigned to set up his own firm. In 1987, he founded Lifeline Medical Group (YTL Community), which he expanded into one of Singapore's five largest medical groups during his twenty-three years as CEO and partner.
Watch collecting and horology
Cheong began watch collecting in 1973, when his parents gave him a Flyback Seiko Chronograph.
Cheong often writes about his support of innovative, unique and controversial watches, and has claimed to have helped to bring many of them into the mainstream. Ever since he was young, he has chosen the path less travelled in watch collecting. When he was 23, he bought his first watch, an Omega Seamaster Titanium, while his friends opted for Rolex Submariners. His interest and passion in esoteric watches, and collecting them are thought to have evolved out of his "fascination with photography, cinema history and architecture".
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, as Cheong grew his business, he expanded his watch collection, particularly those of academic and cultural relevance. In 1993, he directed his attention to marine chronometers and military clocks from 1940 to 1945, and in the following year, trained himself with a focus on pocket watches and their historical significance. His close friendships with innovative watchmakers, such as Rolf W. Schnyder, Vianney Halter, Maximilian Büsser, and the late Gunther Blumlein, in his early years of collecting gave him an unusual heritage of connections deep within the watch industry.
Cheong also gained attention in the watch community through sharing his insights and perspectives online. For years he has exchanged thoughts and opinions with manufacturers and other collectors on websites such as WatchProSite, ThePuristS, and Horomundi Horology-Switzerland. Cheong was part of the first team of unpaid Internet columnists in Timezone.com, and thePurists.com.
Cheong writes syndicated monthly columns translated into nine languages in twelve countries.
Since 1998, Cheong has regularly been invited to speak at financial conferences about wristwatches as portable assets. He was well rewarded for his work of investing in innovative and obscure brands, which later became mainstream and increased in value, such as his Panerai collection. He reportedly finds watches to be much more promising, lasting and meaningful investments than wines, cars or jewelry. Subsequently, he has been sought after by watch collectors, connoisseurs, reviewers and investors to name the "next new wave". His focus on investing and sometimes vague connections to the watchmaking industry are however not always well-received within the collectors community, for example causing many stirs on the well-respected PuristPro forums.
In April 2008, investigative French journalists from Economie LeHepDo Paris described Cheong as one of the hidden influences in an already highly covert industry. He was to become part of the formative committee of the Grand Prix Haute Horology in Asia, and later a juror in the Geneva GPHH.
References
External links
Official website
1958 births
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Living people |
Henry Marvin Bailey (April 24, 1893 – November 1, 1972) was an American sport shooter who competed in the 1924 Summer Olympics, winning the gold medal in the 25 m rapid fire pistol event. He was born in Colleton County, South Carolina and died in Walterboro, South Carolina.
References
External links
Henry Bailey at databaseOlympics.com
1893 births
1972 deaths
American male sport shooters
ISSF pistol shooters
Shooters at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in shooting
Olympic medalists in shooting
Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
People from Walterboro, South Carolina |
HMIS Sutlej (U95) was a modified Bittern-class sloop, later known as the Black Swan class, which served in the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) during World War II.
After India became a republic on 26 January 1950, the vessel was renamed as the Indian Navy's INS Sutlej.
History
HMIS Sutlej was ordered on 8 September 1939 under the 1939 Programme for the Royal Indian Navy. She was built by William Denny and Brothers and commissioned on 23 April 1941.
With World War II underway at the time, she was immediately deployed for convoy defence in the Irish Sea. In August, she was deployed as a part of the escort for convoy WS11 through the Northwest approaches, with , , , , and . When the convoy was split into fast and slow vessels, she and Totland escorted the slow section to Freetown. She then joined Repulse, Encounter, Derbyshire and as an escort to the Indian Ocean.
Mid-way, in September, she received orders to join the British Mediterranean Fleet and proceeded to the Suez, where she was deployed for anti-aircraft defence.
After Japan entered the war, she was transferred to the East Indies in December 1941. She was then deployed to escort military convoys to Singapore, in the Bay of Bengal, on the West coast of India, as well as to the Persian Gulf and Aden all through 1942 and early 1943.
In May 1943, she joined the Mediterranean Fleet again in Alexandria, where she continued on escort duty. In July, she was part of the amphibious task force for Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily. In September, she supported military operations during the defence of the Aegean Islands.
In December 1943, she was transferred back to the Eastern Fleet and deployed for convoy escort in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. In June 1944, she was deployed for anti-submarine operations in the Indian Ocean.
After a refit in Bombay, she was deployed back in the Bay of Bengal, and supported amphibious assaults in Burma and Malaya. She was part of the task force during Operation Dracula for the amphibious assault on Rangoon by the British Indian Army and the British Army. The other members of this task force were , , , , and .
The task force then continued on a mission to intercept Japanese troops withdrawing from the Andamans. At the end of the war, she was on refit in Bombay.
After Indian Independence, she was commissioned into the Indian Navy as INS Sutlej and reclassified as a frigate. In 1955, she was converted into a survey ship. She was decommissioned in 1978, and sold for scrap in 1979. She was scrapped in 1980.
Notes
References
Black Swan-class sloops of the Royal Indian Navy
Black Swan-class sloops of the Indian Navy
1940 ships |
Bertram Stapleton (born 19 October 1970) is a Vincentian cricketer. He played in three first-class and seven List A matches for the Windward Islands from 1994 to 2003.
See also
List of Windward Islands first-class cricketers
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines cricketers
Windward Islands cricketers |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.