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Rush Rhees Library is the main academic library of the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York. It is one of the most visible and recognizable landmarks on the university's River Campus. Construction began in 1927 with the other original River Campus buildings and the library was dedicated in 1930. It is named after Benjamin Rush Rhees, the university's third president. A major addition was added in 1970, which now houses the main computer lab, additional stacks and office space. Rush Rhees is the flagship of the River Campus Libraries System, which holds about 3 million volumes. The library featured an elevator completely original from 1930 until 2021 when it received a full modernization.
Rush Rhees Tower
Rush Rhees Tower stands high and houses the Hopeman Memorial Carillon, the largest musical instrument in the city and one of only six in New York. It features 50 bells imported from the Netherlands and weighs in at 6,668 lb (3,025 kg). The carillon chimes on the quarter-hour and weekly recitals are given by students and guests. An annual recital series is held during the summer.
Rossell Hope Robbins Library
Located on the 4th floor of Rush Rhees is the Rossell Hope Robbins Library, which houses a non-circulating medieval studies collection of more than 20,000 volumes. In addition to its holdings in all aspects of Middle English Literature, it also contains holdings in Old English, Anglo-Norman, and medieval French literature; medieval history, philosophy, theology, and art; manuscript studies; witchcraft; and Arthurian and Robin Hood studies. The collection was donated by medievalist Rossell Hope Robbins and his wife Helen Ann Mins Robbins in 1987 and, at the time, appraised for more than $750,000. Robbins also set provisions for new acquisitions and established a trust of $160,000 for a fellowship program.
References
External links
River Campus Libraries
Rush Rhees Library
Hopeman Memorial Carillon
1930 establishments in New York (state)
Bell towers in the United States
Educational buildings in Rochester, New York
Carillons
Library buildings completed in 1930
Libraries in New York (state)
Tourist attractions in Rochester, New York
University and college academic libraries in the United States
University of Rochester |
University Book Store is an independent and privately owned bookstore headquartered in the University District of Seattle, Washington, United States. University Book Store began serving the University of Washington in 1900, and is the oldest and largest independent bookstore in Washington State.
In 2014, it was reported that University Book Store sold more books and supplies than any other college bookstore in the United States. In 2020, it was the third largest university bookstore in the country.
In addition to its main location, there are several other branches located on the University of Washington campus and elsewhere in western Washington state. A branch located in Bellevue, Washington closed in 2017.
History
University Book Store opened in the University of Washington's Denny Hall in 1900. Its location moved several times on the campus over the years before moving to its present location on University Way in 1924.
The store was incorporated in 1932 and has been governed by a Board of Trustees since 1964. It is one of few college stores that is organized as an independent tax paying corporation with direct student involvement on the board of directors.
References
External links
Independent bookstores of the United States
University of Washington
1900 establishments in Washington (state)
Companies based in Seattle
University District, Seattle
American companies established in 1900 |
Pierangelo Vignati (born 10 December 1970) is a former Italian paralympic cyclist who won a gold medal at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.
Biography
In 2021 he was technical commentator for cycling for RAI, alongside the commentator Stefano Rizzato, at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Piacenza
Paralympic cyclists for Italy
Paralympic gold medalists for Italy
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics |
Trond Sevåg Abrahamsen (born 16 July 1960 in Hammerfest) is a Norwegian ice hockey player. He played for the Norwegian national ice hockey team, and participated at the Winter Olympics in 1980 and 1984. In 1983, he was awarded Gullpucken as best Norwegian ice hockey player. He also played for IL Manglerud/Star.
See also
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
Ice hockey players at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Norwegian ice hockey players
Olympic ice hockey players for Norway
People from Hammerfest
Sportspeople from Troms og Finnmark |
Thekedar Madan Lal Jalalpur (born 19 August 1959) is an Indian politician and a member of INC. In the 2017 Punjab Legislative Assembly election, he was elected as the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Ghanaur.
Member of Legislative Assembly
He won the Ghanaur Assembly constituency on an INC ticket, he beat the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly Harpreet Kaur Mukhmailpur of the SAD by over 36557 votes.
Electoral performance
References
Living people
Indian politicians
Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022
1959 births
Indian National Congress politicians
People from Punjab, India
Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India |
```python
"""
3D Example with offscreen rendering.
If Python and Arcade are installed, this example can be run from the command line with:
python -m arcade.examples.gl.3d_cube_with_cubes
"""
from pyglet.math import Mat4, Vec3
import arcade
from arcade.gl import geometry
class MyGame(arcade.Window):
def __init__(self, width, height, title):
super().__init__(width, height, title, resizable=False)
# Use the standard cube
self.cube = geometry.cube()
# Simple color lighting program for cube
self.program = self.ctx.program(
vertex_shader="""
#version 330
uniform mat4 projection;
uniform mat4 modelview;
in vec3 in_position;
in vec3 in_normal;
in vec2 in_uv;
out vec3 normal;
out vec3 pos;
out vec2 uv;
void main() {
vec4 p = modelview * vec4(in_position, 1.0);
gl_Position = projection * p;
mat3 m_normal = transpose(inverse(mat3(modelview)));
normal = m_normal * in_normal;
pos = p.xyz;
uv = in_uv;
}
""",
fragment_shader="""
#version 330
uniform sampler2D texture0;
uniform bool use_texture;
out vec4 fragColor;
in vec3 normal;
in vec3 pos;
in vec2 uv;
void main()
{
float l = dot(normalize(-pos), normalize(normal));
if (use_texture) {
fragColor = vec4(texture(texture0, uv).rgb * (0.25 + abs(l) * 0.75), 1.0);
} else {
fragColor = vec4(1.0) * (0.25 + abs(l) * 0.75);
}
}
""",
)
# Program for drawing fullscreen quad with texture
self.quad_program = self.ctx.program(
vertex_shader="""
#version 330
in vec2 in_vert;
in vec2 in_uv;
out vec2 uv;
void main() {
gl_Position = vec4(in_vert, 0.0, 1.0);
uv = in_uv;
}
""",
fragment_shader="""
#version 330
uniform sampler2D texture0;
in vec2 uv;
out vec4 fragColor;
void main() {
fragColor = texture(texture0, uv);
}
""",
)
self.quad_fs = geometry.quad_2d_fs()
self.on_resize(*self.get_size())
self.frame = 0
self.fbo1 = self.ctx.framebuffer(
color_attachments=[self.ctx.texture((self.get_size()))],
depth_attachment=self.ctx.depth_texture(self.get_size()),
)
self.fbo2 = self.ctx.framebuffer(
color_attachments=[self.ctx.texture((self.get_size()))],
depth_attachment=self.ctx.depth_texture(self.get_size()),
)
def on_draw(self):
self.ctx.enable_only(self.ctx.CULL_FACE, self.ctx.DEPTH_TEST)
# Draw the current cube using the last one as a texture
self.fbo1.use()
self.fbo1.clear(color_normalized=(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
translate = Mat4.from_translation(Vec3(0, 0, -1.75))
rx = Mat4.from_rotation(self.time, Vec3(1, 0, 0))
ry = Mat4.from_rotation(self.time, Vec3(0, 1, 0))
modelview = translate @ rx @ ry
self.program["use_texture"] = 1
self.fbo2.color_attachments[0].use()
self.program["modelview"] = modelview
self.cube.render(self.program)
self.ctx.disable(self.ctx.DEPTH_TEST)
# Draw the current cube texture
self.use()
self.clear()
self.fbo1.color_attachments[0].use()
self.quad_fs.render(self.quad_program)
# Swap offscreen buffers
self.fbo1, self.fbo2 = self.fbo2, self.fbo1
self.frame += 1
def on_resize(self, width, height):
"""Set up viewport and projection"""
self.ctx.viewport = 0, 0, width, height
self.program["projection"] = (
Mat4.perspective_projection(self.aspect_ratio, 0.1, 100, fov=60)
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
MyGame(720, 720, "3D Cube").run()
``` |
"How Do I Survive" is a song originally sung by The Paul Bliss Band and written by Paul Bliss himself. In 1980, American pop singer Amy Holland recorded her own version for her debut album. Holland often performed this song live on TV programs, such as Music Fair and Young Oh! Oh!. This song is her only Top 40 hit to date, peaking at #22 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and #34 Adult Contemporary.
In that same year, Dan Seals had also recorded this song on his album Stones, although he didn't release it as a single. The song was later covered by The Nolans in 1982, and their version of the song appeared on their 1982 album Portrait.
Info
This song was the first track off of Amy Holland's debut album.
The success of this song helped Amy earn a Grammy Nomination for Best New Artist in 1981, however, she didn't win it.
References
1980 songs
1980 singles
1982 singles
Capitol Records singles
Amy Holland songs
Songs written by Paul Bliss |
Pound Hill & Worth is an electoral division of West Sussex in England, and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.
Extent
The division covers the neighbourhoods of Pound Hill, Tinsley Green and Worth, which form part of the urban area of the town of Crawley.
It falls entirely within the un-parished area of Crawley Borough and comprises the following borough wards: Pound Hill, North Ward and the eastern part of Pound Hill South & Worth Ward.
Election results
2013 Election
Results of the election held on 2 May 2013:
2009 Election
Results of the election held on 4 June 2009:
This division came into existence as the result of a boundary review recommended by the Boundary Committee for England, the results of which were accepted by the Electoral Commission in March 2009.
References
Election Results - West Sussex County Council
External links
West Sussex County Council
Election Maps
Electoral Divisions of West Sussex |
Philadelphia Freedom may refer to:
"Philadelphia Freedom" (song), a 1975 number one song by Elton John
Philadelphia Freedom (soccer), a soccer club that competed in the USISL and the USISL Pro League
Philadelphia Freedom (album), a 1975 album by MFSB
Philadelphia Freedom Concert, a 2005 fundraiser headlined by Elton John
See also
Philadelphia Freedoms, a World TeamTennis franchise
Philadelphia Freedoms (1974), a defunct World TeamTennis franchise |
Roughshod is a 1949 black-and-white Western film starring Gloria Grahame and Robert Sterling and directed by Mark Robson.
Plot
Three escaped convicts in prison garb, led by cold-blooded killer Lednov, ambush and murder three cowboys, taking their clothes and firearms. They burn their prison garb in the smoldering camp fire, and the trio quickly rides on seeking revenge against a rancher named Clay Phillips, who once dogged Lednov all the way to Mexico and wounded him before turning him over to American authorities for a previous crime. Phillips is warned by friend Jed Graham to get out of Aspen.
Early thirtyish Clay and young teenage brother Steve, are headed toward Sonora with a small herd of horses - which is all they've got. They come across four stranded "women of the night," saloon girls that the townsfolks had sent packing. Led by take-charge Mary, the four women are stuck on the Sonora trail with a broken wagon wheel.
A lovestruck local cowboy turns up to take Marcia back and marry her, over his parents' objections. Elaine, who is sick and evidently pregnant, flees when she hears Clay is leading the group to the nearest ranch to leave the girls in its owners' care. Steve corrals her and they continue on. To heartbreak, recrimination, and tentative reconciliation, it turns out Elaine is the Wyatts' runaway daughter. Her father yields to his wife's compassion, but orders the other women to leave. Mary upbraids Clay for his narrow-mindedness, acknowledging that he can't think past his idealized future, of a Simon-pure dream wife in a spotted gingham dress.
Clay reluctantly accepts the pair again as passengers, and softens somewhat towards Mary as he accedes to her teaching his illiterate brother how to read along the way. Following an old alternate trail to avoid the outlaws, they run into an indignant Irish miner, who claims they're after his claim. Upon seeing his cache of gold, Helen decides he's a better prospect than what lies ahead in Sonora.
Another amorous entanglement between Clay and Mary breaks down again in argument over his inability to look beyond her past. Her pride injured again, she flees recklessly in his wagon. With the men in pursuit it jolts loose from its team and plummets down a riverbank. Clay reflexively charges into the water to retrieve Mary. Some of her finery begins to float downstream, leading to yelping at the loss. Once more Clay's caring impulses suffer a jarring reversal. His resolve to put her on the next stage redoubles.
While they wrangle Lednov spies Mary's frillery, which leads him onto the group's trail. En route the outlaws come upon the miner's camp that night. Lednov shoots and kills the Irishman. He then turns on Helen, clearly intent on having his way with her. Recoiling from his stare, the chilling prospect of the desires of all three men are captured in her eyes. She is never seen again.
The next morning Clay flags down a passing coach. He hides his protectiveness and intentions, behind a brusque goodbye to Mary. That afternoon the brothers reach their ranch, no more than a patch of grass and a makeshift horse corral. Knowing what lies ahead, Clay instigates a confrontation with Steve in hopes to spare Steve a likely death in the ensuing gunfight to follow. But before Steve leaves, he sees the gang approaching and stays to fight it out with his brother. Clay manages to kill the two wingmen, but Steve is shot and wounded by Lednov. Clay then circles round and shoots down Lednov.
Clay rushes Steve to the nearest doctor, who patches up the young man. Mary is there, alongside the doc, holding a lamp. Clay and Mary soon embrace, and after an empassioned kiss, Clay wonders aloud if he might find some gingham in town for Mary's new dress.
Cast
Robert Sterling as Clay Phillips
Gloria Grahame as Mary Wells
Claude Jarman, Jr. as Steve Phillips
John Ireland as Lednov
Jeff Donnell as Elaine Wyatt
Myrna Dell as Helen Carter
Martha Hyer as Marcia
George Cooper as Jim Clayton
Jeff Corey as Jed Graham
Sara Haden as Ma Wyatt
James Bell as Pa Wyatt
Sean McClory (aka, Shawn McGlory) as Fowler
Robert Williams as McCall
Steve Savage as Peters
Ed Cassidy as Sheriff Gardner
Reception
The film recorded a loss of $550,000.
References
External links
1949 films
1949 Western (genre) films
American Western (genre) films
American black-and-white films
Films scored by Roy Webb
Films directed by Mark Robson
RKO Pictures films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films |
Wietlin-Osada is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Laszki, within Jarosław County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.
References
Wietlin-Osada |
Qaleh-ye Olya (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Kaleh, Qal‘eh, Qal‘eh Bālā, and Qal‘eh-ye Bālā) is a village in Ujan-e Gharbi Rural District, in the Central District of Bostanabad County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 325, in 57 families.
References
Populated places in Bostanabad County |
Vigo railway station, also known as Vigo-Urzáiz, is a railway terminus in Vigo, Spain. It provides high speed train connection through the Atlantic Axis high-speed rail line with main Galician cities as Pontevedra, Santiago de Compostela and A Coruña every hour. The station is directly connected through the bus stop in Urzaiz street (50 m from the station hall) with the Airport (line 9A) and the Bus Station (line 4C). There is a taxi stop in front of the station.
History
The station is located on the grounds of the original Vigo-Urzáiz station built in 1878, from which the first train left on 18 June 1881 for Ourense, thus inaugurating the railway service in the city of Vigo.
On 27 August 2011 the old Vigo-Urzáiz station ceased to provide rail service, moving all services to the Vigo-Guixar station and proceeding to the demolition of all the facilities including the maintenance warehouses to proceed with the construction of the current underground station 15 metres below the original level.
Work then began on the new station, which was to be completed in March 2015. Initially, a Vialia shopping centre was to be built on top of the railway caisson, but the lack of interest from private developers led to its construction being postponed, with the structures ready for future construction, which began in November 2018 and is expected to last 20 months. As a result, it has been necessary to construct a temporary building outside the station site in order to provide railway services while work is being carried out on the future shopping centre.
On March 6, 2015, the first train to the new station, a Renfe 121 series train, went into service.
On 30 March 2015 the station was visited by the Minister of Public Works at the time, Ana Pastor, who arrived on a test train.
On 18 April 2015 the station was opened to commercial traffic with the entry into service of the new services, with high-speed services being operated from the new station and conventional services and the international link to Portugal being maintained from Vigo-Guixar station. The maintenance workshops were permanently moved to Redondela station in July 2012.
Since November 2018, work has been underway on the definitive station, designed by American architect Thom Mayne, with a Vialia shopping centre by Adif and operated by Ceetrus España.
Vialia Vigo shopping centre
In addition to its railway functions, the Vigo-Urzáiz station is part of the Adif Vialia network, which implies that an important part of the enclosure is used for commercial purposes, housing a shopping center in the upper part of the drawer railway. It's scheduled to go into service in September 2021.
Gallery
See also
Vigo-Guixar railway station
References
External links
Vigo station listing at Adif website
Official webpage available to buy train tickets and check the timetable
Railway stations in Spain opened in 1878
Railway stations in Galicia (Spain) |
The 1994 Arkansas State Indians football team represented Arkansas State University as a member of the Big West Conference during the 1994 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by second-year head coach John Bobo, the Indians compiled an overall record of 1–10 with a mark of 0–6 in conference play, placing last out of ten teams in the Big West.
Schedule
References
Arkansas State
Arkansas State Red Wolves football seasons
Arkansas State Indians football |
Joseph Poirier (December 21, 1839 – February 27, 1917) was a farmer and politician in Quebec. He represented Beauce in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec from 1878 to 1881 as a Liberal and from 1892 to 1897 as a Conservative member.
He was born in Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce, Quebec, the son of Vital Poirier and Marie-des-Anges Thibodeau. Poirier studied at the college in Nicolet. In 1863, he married Marie-Agnès Poulin. In 1879, he married Lucie Dupuis after his first wife's death. Poirier ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons in 1884 and 1887. He also served as secretary-treasurer for Saint-Joseph municipality. In 1897, he resigned his seat to accept the position of sheriff for Beauce district. Poirier died at Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce at the age of 77.
References
1839 births
1917 deaths
Quebec Liberal Party MNAs
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs |
Rasmus Christiansen may refer to:
Rasmus Christiansen (actor) (1885–1964), Danish actor
Rasmus Christiansen (footballer, born 1988), Danish soccer player for Blokhus FC
Rasmus Christiansen (footballer, born 1989), Danish soccer player
(1863-1940), Danish artist who lived in Reventlowsgade
See also
Rasmus Christensen, Danish footballer b. 1991 |
Rilindja Idrettslag is a Norwegian association football club from Oslo.
Founded by Albanian diaspora in the Norwegian capital in 1987, the word Rilindja means Renaissance in the Albanian language. The clubrooms are located at Trosterud, whereas their homefield is Bjølsen stadion.
The men's football team currently plays in the Fourth Division, the fifth tier of Norwegian football. Having languished on even lower tiers throughout the club's existence, since contesting the league system for the first time in 1990, in 2012 they hired David Brocken as part-time coach. The team advanced to the fifth tier, and in 2015 the team advanced to the first round of the Norwegian football cup.
References
External links
Official site
Haugerud Kunstgress - Nordic Stadiums
Football clubs in Norway
Sport in Oslo
Association football clubs established in 1987
1987 establishments in Norway
Diaspora sports clubs |
Ulrich I, Duke of Brno (, , ; 11th century – 5 January 1113) was the Duke of Moravia for twenty one years - between 1092 and 1113. He was the first son and successor of Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia (died 1092) and Wirpirk of Tengling. He did not succeed as half ruler of Moravia (diarch), for all half of Moravia (the west one) as his father Conrad I, but Brno was divided into two parts: Brno and Znojmo and Ulrich was co-ruler in this part with his brother Luitpold of Znojmo. Both brothers together established a benedictine cloister and its St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč and prepared as mausoleum for Brno-Znojmo branch House of Přemyslid.
He had long ruled over Moravia (as diarch in Brno) for 21 years, once interrupted by illegitimate regency: (1099–1100 by Bretislaus II)
By his marriage to an unknown princess, he probably had two children:
Wratislaus of Brno, Duke of Brno from 1125 to 1129 and from 1130 to his death in 1146
Nadia (?),(or Nadine, original Надія, Czech Naděj)
He was succeeded legitimately as prince of Brno by his son Wratislaus of Brno.
Domestic policy
Ulrich and Luitpold initially ruled in the Brno part (the western one) of the duchy of Moravia, until 1099 when they were evicted illegitimately by Bretislaus II. Later they enforced a return of the Brno part of the Moravian duchy - with the help of the Bavarian armed troops as well as indirect support by Emperor Henry IV (whom he visited in early February 1101 in Frankfurt), according to the principles of agnatic seniority. After they returned to the duchy of Brno, the brothers divided it into two subparts named Brno (principality) and Znojmo (principality), where they continued to reign in certain local territorial unions. In 1104 they together founded a Benedictine abbey in Třebíč whose convent church of St. Procopius was intended as their own dynastic mausoleum where they were both buried.
Emperor Henry IV gave Ulrich insignia of rank and banner (vexillum) for their reign in the duchy.
All the Moravian lines of Přemysl dynasty as a whole were systematically associated with dynastic marriages with princesses of major royal and ducal dynasties, especially Árpád dynasty, Rurik dynasty, Piast dynasty, Nemanjić dynasty-senior line Vukanović and houses of bavarian monarchs, as it was the other way around (vice versa). Members of the Moravian dynasty were fully predisposed to take over the central throne (for both countries - Bohemia and Moravia) in Prague, under the principles of agnatic seniority.
Family tree
Ancestry
See also
History of Moravia
Margraviate of Moravia
Otto I of Olomouc
Lands of the Bohemian Crown
Rotunda of Saint Catherine
Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia
Helen of Znojmo
Citations and notes
References
Bibliography
Primary sources
COSMAS, (Canonicus Pragensis); Chronica Boemorum. (Latin)
COSMAS of Prague, (Canon of Prague),Translated by Lisa Wolverton (2009); Chronicle of the Czechs (Chronicle of Bohemias). The Catholic university of America Press. (English)
Secondary sources
KRZEMIEŃSKA, Barbara; MERAHAUTOVÁ, Anežka; TŘEŠTÍK, Dušan (2000). Moravští Přemyslovci ve Znojemské rotundě. Praha: SetOut. 135 p.. . (in Czech)
WOLVERTON, Lisa (2001). Hastening toward Prague. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press. (English)
REITINGER, Lukáš. Nekrologia kláštera Pegau. Pozapomenuté svědectví o Přemyslovcích (nejen) Kosmova věku. In: WIHODA, Martin; REITINGER, Lukáš (2010). Proměna středovýchodní Evropy raného a vrcholného středověku. Brno : Matice moravská, . . p. 373-374 (in Czech)
GROSMANNOVÁ, Dagmar (2010). Medieval Coinage in Moravia. In: GALUŠKA, Luděk; MITÁČEK, Jiří; NOVOTNÁ Lea. Treasures of Moravia. Brno: Moravian Museum Press. . p. 371-374 (English)
MOLECZ, P. (2003):Die Hanthaler-Fälschungen im Lilielnfelder Nekrolog am Beispiel der Schwestern des Heiligen Leopold. Eine Beitrag zur Barocken Wischenschaftsgeschichte und Babenbergergenealogie. MIÖG 111, p. 241-284, exact 360–365. (in German)
SOMMER, Petr; TŘEŠTÍK, Dušan; ŽEMLIČKA, Josef, a kol. Přemyslovci. Budování českého státu. Praha : Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2009. 779 s. .
WIHODA, Martin. Morava v době knížecí 906–1197. Praha : Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2010. 464 s. .
MĚCHUROVÁ, Zdeňka (2010). From the medieval history of Moravia. In: GALUŠKA, Luděk; MITÁČEK, Jiří; NOVOTNÁ Lea. Treasures of Moravia. Brno: Moravian Museum Press. . p. 107-115 (English)
ŽEMLIČKA, Josef (2005). Přemyslovci. Jak žili, vládli, umírali. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, . 497 s. . (in Czech)
External links
The Ducal Rotunda of the Virgin Mary and St Catherine web page
The Ducal Rotunda in Znojmo - A virtual tour
Roman Catholic monarchs
People from Brno
Přemyslid dynasty
Younger sons of dukes
1113 deaths
Year of birth unknown |
Martin H. Foery (May 17, 1913 – June 4, 1994), was a United States Army major general born in Brooklyn, New York. He served as the commanding general of 42nd Infantry Division "Rainbow Division" from 1963 to 1973.
Early years
Martin H. Foery was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1913. He attended St. Johns Prep School (class of 1932) where he was Class President and participated in Dramatics and Track. He then attended St. Johns University (class of 1936) and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree. While at St. John's University he was a member of the Track team and also served as Class Treasurer and Class President. He was also a member of the Omega Gamma Delta fraternity, Alpha Zeta chapter as well as the Skull and Circle Honor Society of St. John's University (New York). He was married to the late Kathryn E. Foery (née Shea) and they had four children.
Military career and background
Foery enlisted in the 165th Infantry (69th Infantry) Army National Guard in 1931. His first assignment was as a private with Company "A", 1st Battalion, 165th Infantry Regiment. He was promoted to corporal in 1933 and sergeant in 1934. He remained with Co. "A" until he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1938, when he was assigned to Company "D", 1st Battalion. In 1940 he was promoted to 1st lieutenant.
World War II
In 1941 the 165th was inducted into Federal service and was assigned to the U.S. Army 27th Infantry Division. At that time he was Executive Officer of Company "D", 1st Btn.
During World War II he served in the Pacific Theater as company commander during the Marianas Campaign. In 1942 he was promoted to captain. He served as executive officer, and subsequently the commanding officer, of the 165th Inf., 3rd Battalion. He was promoted to major in 1943. He was cited for gallantry during the invasions of Makin in 1943 and Saipan in 1944. In July 1944 he was awarded the Silver Star, the nations 3rd highest military decoration for valor, during the Battle of Saipan (27th Infantry Div, GO 47 / 1944).
In addition, he was also awarded the Bronze Star Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster and "V" Device.
In 1945 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Due to a family medical hardship he was transferred stateside and subsequently assigned to a training regiment at the Army Ground Forces Replacement Depot at Fort George Meade, Maryland.
Post World War II
At the conclusion of World War II he left Federal service with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1947 he was assigned as the executive officer of the 165th Infantry Regiment. In 1949 he was promoted to colonel and was made the commanding officer of the 165th Infantry Regiment. Upon his promotion to commanding officer, he completed the military cycle from private to commander of the regiment he had joined eighteen years earlier. He was also a 1952 graduate of the United States Army Command and General Staff College.
In 1957 he was promoted to a federally recognized brigadier general. He served as assistant division commander of the 42nd Infantry Division from 1957 until 1963. In 1963 he was promoted to a federally recognized major general and was subsequently named commanding general by then New York State Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller. He served on the DOD Reserve Forces Policy Board from 1968 to 1971.
In March 1970 he mobilized the 42nd Infantry as part of Operation Graphic Hand to deliver U.S. Mail during the postal strike in New York.
In September 1973 he was awarded the Legion of Merit Medal.
In July 1973 he was awarded the New York State Conspicuous Service Medal, the 2nd highest military decoration of the New York State National Guard.
He retired from service in 1973.
Military published history and other information
General Foery is noted in several published military works, including: "27th Infantry Division in World War II" by Captain Edmund G. Love; "D-Day in the Pacific: The Battle of Saipan" by Harold J. Goldberg; "Battling for Saipan" by Francis A. O'Brien; "The War in the Pacific: Campaign in the Marianas" by Philip A. Crowl; "Not a Gentleman's War: An Inside View of Junior Officers in the Vietnam War" By John R. Milam. He is also mentioned in "The National Guard in War: An Historical Analysis of the 27th Infantry Division (New York National Guard) in World War II" By Charles S. Kaune, MAJ, USA; and "Saipan: The Beginning of the End" by Major Carl W. Hoffman, USMC.
He is also listed under the Honorary Colonels of the (69th) Regiment.
Promotions
Awards and decorations
Foery's awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster and "V" Device, American Defense, American Campaign, Asiatic Pacific Campaign ( w/ two battle stars and Arrowhead device), World War II Victory, Combat Infantry Badge, Armed Forces Reserve (w/ Gold Hourglass device), New York State Conspicuous Service Medal, New York State Military Commendation, New York State Long & Faithful Service, New York State Conspicuous Service Cross, New York State Aid to Civil Authority Medal, Marksmanship Badge(W/ Rifle Bar) and Honorable Service Button.
Civilian career
In his civilian employment, Foery worked as a representative for Prudential Life Insurance Company. He died in June 1994.
References
1913 births
1994 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit |
The Czechoslovak Rugby Union () was the governing body for rugby in Czechoslovakia. It was responsible for the national leagues as well as the national teams.
History
The Union was founded as the Czechoslovak Rugby Football Association () in 1928 with Antonín Trlica as the first president and 160 registered players. Famous Czech writer and illustrator Ondřej Sekora was the second president of the association. In 1990 the name changed to the Czechoslovak Rugby Union () with Miloš Dobrý as the last president before the split of Czechoslovakia.
See also
Rugby union in the Czech Republic
Czech Rugby Union
Czechoslovakia national rugby union team
References
Rugby union in Czechoslovakia
Defunct rugby union governing bodies |
The Chile national badminton team () represents Chile in international badminton team competitions. The Chilean team is managed by the Chile Badminton Federation. Chile competed in the 1997 Sudirman Cup. The team also competed in the Pan American Badminton Championships mixed team event from 2008 to 2016.
The Chilean mixed team also competes in the South American Games. They won bronze at the 2018 South American Games in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Competitive record
Sudirman Cup
Pan American Team Championships
Mixed team
South American Games
Mixed team
South American Team Championships
Mixed team
Bolivarian Games
Mixed team
Junior competitive record
Suhandinata Cup
Mixed team
Pan American Junior Team Championships
Mixed team
South American Junior Team Championships
Mixed team
Players
Current squad
Men's team
Women's team
References
Badminton
National badminton teams
Badminton in Chile |
Grace King (born 21 June 2000) is an English badminton player. She trained in her hometown in Derbyshire under coach James Boxall and Steve Butler. She made her international debut in 2013 at the Danish Junior Cup. King represented Great Britain at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.
Achievements
BWF International Challenge/Series
Women's doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
BWF Future Series tournament
BWF Junior International (1 runner-up)
Girls' singles
BWF Junior International Grand Prix tournament
BWF Junior International Challenge tournament
BWF Junior International Series tournament
BWF Junior Future Series tournament
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Derby
English female badminton players
Badminton players at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics |
Kuokka is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ilmari Kuokka (1901–1981), Finnish long-distance runner
Mauri Kuokka, Finnish sports shooter
Finnish-language surnames |
En (autonym: aiɲ53 or eɲ33ʔ, also known as Nùng Vẻn) is a Kra language spoken in Vietnam. Before its discovery in 1998, En language was undistinguished from Nùng, which is a Central Tai language closely related to Zhuang. In the late 1990s, Vietnamese linguist Hoàng Văn Ma had first recognized that it was not a Tai language, ultimately leading to field work distinguishing En as a separate language. Researchers have determined En to be one of the Buyang languages.
The speakers of En live in northern Vietnam near the border with Jingxi County, Guangxi. In 1998, En speakers were found 12 km to the east of Hà Quảng city in Nội Thôn village, Hà Quảng District, Cao Bằng Province.
Phone
En has 6 tones: (/54, 243, 332, 33, 212, 32/).
References
Further reading
Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. The Tai–Kadai Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008.
Kra languages
Languages of Vietnam |
Solanum marginatum is a species of plant in the family Solanaceae known by the common names purple African nightshade and white-margined nightshade. It is native to Ethiopia and Eritrea, and it is known on other continents as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. It is a hairy shrub growing up to two meters tall. The large, distinctive, gray-green leaves are wavy along the edges, woolly on the undersides, and measure up to 18 centimeters long. The veins are white and lined with large, widely spaced prickles. The inflorescence contains several white flowers, hanging or nodding bisexual flowers and erect staminate flowers with large yellow anthers. The fruit is a yellow berry up to 5 centimeters wide.
This is one of several Solanum species that contain solasodine.
References
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery
marginatum
Plants described in 1782 |
40th Missouri Infantry Regiment was a infantry unit from Missouri that served in the Union Army during the latter part of the American Civil War. The regiment was organized in August and September 1864 to serve for 12 months. Beginning in November, the unit fought in the Franklin–Nashville Campaign. In March and April 1865, the regiment was part of the expedition that captured Mobile, Alabama. The soldiers were mustered out of Federal service in August 1865.
Formation
The 40th Missouri Infantry Regiment organized at Benton Barracks between 8 August to 11 September 1864 to serve for one year. The field officers were Colonel Samuel A. Holmes, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander G. Hequembourg, and Major George Hoffman, with commissions to run from 8 September 1864. The captains were Adam Bax, George W. Gilson, Hermann Kallman, Daniel S. Stillinger, Monroe Harrison, Robert C. Allen, William I. Whitwell, Mosley Greene, John Ruedi, and Philip Anderson. The surgeon was Homer Judd and the chaplain was William Bradley. Captain Anderson was dismissed on 20 June 1865. Each infantry company had one captain, one first lieutenant, and one second lieutenant.
History
The 40th Missouri Infantry was assigned to the District of St Louis, Department of Missouri at its formation. The regiment moved to Mexico, Missouri on 20 October 1864. The unit took part in an expedition to Paris, Missouri on 23–30 October. The regiment traveled to Paducah, Kentucky on 7–10 November, to Nashville, Tennessee on 22 November, and to Columbia, Tennessee on 26 November. From November 1864 to 14 December 1864 the regiment was assigned to the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, IV Corps, Army of the Cumberland. The 3rd Brigade was led by Colonel Frederick Knefler, the 3rd Division was commanded by Thomas J. Wood, and the IV Corps was led by David S. Stanley. John Schofield commanded the IV Corps and XXIII Corps at the start of the campaign.
On 22 November 1864, Federal reports confirmed that John Bell Hood's Confederate Army of Tennessee was advancing north into Tennessee from Florence, Alabama. Schofield's 22,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry began a hurried withdrawal from Pulaski, Tennessee to Columbia. On 24 November, Schofield's troops reached Columbia just ahead of Nathan Bedford Forrest's Confederate cavalry. By the morning of 29 November, Forrest's troopers established a foothold on the north bank of the Duck River and Hood's pontoon bridge was in place. In the Battle of Spring Hill, Hood completely outmaneuvered Schofield, deploying 19,000 Confederate troops against 6,000 Federals in Schofield's rear. Convinced that he would capture the Union troops in the morning, Hood went to bed.
When Schofield finally realized the danger and retreated, the Union troops were forced to make a desperate night march past the Confederate army. As Wood's division marched, a staff officer warned about the nearby campfires, "Boys, this is a Rebel camp lying near the road, and we must march by it as quickly as possible." One Union officer riding along the road noted that Confederates could be clearly seen walking around the campfires. The 40th Missouri Infantry underwent an embarrassing experience. Typical of new recruits, the men carried too much equipment. The clatter from their cooking utensils and other gear made so much noise that the regiment drew fire from Confederate skirmishers, causing the soldiers to lie down in the road. After the firing died down, the men did not immediately get up and continue marching, so the commander of the following 13th Ohio Infantry Regiment ordered his veteran soldiers to march over the Missourians. After this humiliating episode, the men of the 40th Missouri got up and resumed the march. Afterward, Wood's veterans called them the "40th Misery".
During the Battle of Franklin on 30 November 1864, Wood's division was placed on the north bank of the Harpeth River so it missed most of the fighting. After the battle, Wood's division was the army's rearguard and withdrew at 4:00 am on 1 December. The 40th Missouri Infantry was transferred to the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, (Detachment) Army of the Tennessee on 14 December. Colonel Lyman M. Ward led the 1st Brigade, Colonel Jonathan Baker Moore commanded the 3rd Division, and Major General Andrew Jackson Smith led the (Detachment) Army of the Tennessee. The brigade reported only three men wounded at the Battle of Nashville on 15–16 December 1864. On 16 December, Schofield asked for reinforcements and Smith sent the 3rd Division to his support. Subsequently, Smith's 1st and 2nd Divisions made the decisive assault which broke Hood's lines and captured 4,273 Confederates and 24 guns.
The 40th Missouri Infantry engaged in the pursuit of Hood's army on 17–28 December 1864. The regiment traveled to Eastport, Mississippi and remained on duty there until 3 February 1865. At that time, A. J. Smith's command was reconstituted the XVI Corps with the 40th Missouri Infantry still in the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division. The unit moved to Vicksburg, Mississippi and then New Orleans on 3–21 February. In March 1865, the regiment transferred to the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XVI Corps and remained in that formation until it mustered out. The unit first sailed to Lakeport on Mobile Bay and on 3 March arrived at Dauphin Island, Alabama.
The 40th Missouri Infantry participated in the campaign against Mobile, Alabama from 17 March to 12 April 1865. The regiment was part of Ward's 2nd Brigade, Brigadier General Eugene Asa Carr's 3rd Division, A. J. Smith's XVI Corps. Edward Canby was in overall command of Union Army forces. Canby's army counted 45,000 soldiers of which 16,000 belonged to XVI Corps. Dabney H. Maury's Confederate defenders numbered only 12,000. The XVI Corps movement by water from Eastport to New Orleans to Fort Gaines, Alabama to the east side of Mobile Bay totaled in 49 days, of which 20 days were actual movement. The 40th Missouri Infantry took part in the siege and Battle of Spanish Fort on 26 March–8 April. By 7 April, there were 2,827 Confederates and 57 guns holding Spanish Fort. By this date, the 53 Union siege guns were causing great damage to the Confederate defensive works, while the infantry dug trenches closer and closer. On 8 April, Carr's 3rd Brigade captured a section of Confederate trenches; this compelled the defenders to evacuate the fort.
The Battle of Fort Blakely was fought on 9 April. The 2nd Division of XVI Corps participated in the attack, in which 16,000 Union soldiers overran and killed or captured the 4,000 defenders. Smith tried to shift his 1st and 3rd Divisions from Spanish Fort to Fort Blakeley, but they were not needed. The 40th Missouri Infantry marched to Montgomery, Alabama on 12–25 April and performed occupation duty there until August. The soldiers were mustered out of Federal service on 8 August 1865.
Casualties
During its service, 40th Missouri Infantry Regiment lost 10 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, while 58 enlisted men died by disease. In total, 68 men died.
See also
List of Missouri Union Civil War units
Photo shows the captain of Company B.
Notes
References
Further reading
Military units and formations established in 1864
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
Units and formations of the Union Army from Missouri
1864 establishments in Missouri
1865 disestablishments in Missouri |
San Giovanni Bianco (Bergamasque: ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region Lombardy, located about northeast of Milan and about north of Bergamo, located in the Val Brembana.
References
External links
Official website |
Banner - University Medical Center Tucson (BUMCT), formerly University Medical Center and the University of Arizona Medical Center, is a private, non-profit, 649-bed acute-care teaching hospital located on the campus of the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. BUMCT is the clinical partner of the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson and is Southern Arizona's only trauma center for both adult and pediatric patients. BUMCT is one of two University of Arizona affiliated academic medical centers in Tucson with Banner - University Medical Center South (formerly Kino Community Hospital, University Physicians Healthcare Hospital, and University of Arizona Medical Center - South Campus) being the other such institution. The area's only dedicated children's hospital, Banner Children's at Diamond Children's Medical Center, is located within and adjacent to BUMCT, providing care to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21.
History
The 8 story hospital was designed by the Tucson architecture firm of Friedman & Jobusch. The $18.2 Million construction contract was awarded to the Del E. Webb Corporation of Phoenix in March 1968. The adjacent School of Medicine completed a year prior was designed and built by the same firms. The 300 bed hospital was completed in late 1971.
When founded in 1971, the hospital was part of the University of Arizona. In the 1980s, it became a separate entity but, in 2010, was reintegrated into the University of Arizona under the name UA Health Network (UAHN).
In July 2009, the Banner - University Medical Center Tucson was designated a Level 1 Trauma Center by the American College of Surgeons.
The 2011 name change to the University of Arizona Medical Center (UAMC) reflected the need to combine all University of Arizona affiliated medical services: University Medical Center, University Physicians Healthcare, and the College of Medicine. In 2015, Banner Health based in Phoenix, Arizona, merged with UAHN and began a 30-year affiliation with the University of Arizona in which the facility was renamed to its present designation.
Campus
As part of the merger between UAHN and Banner Health, the latter committed $500 million towards the construction of a new hospital and nearby outpatient clinic building. Designed by Shepley Bulfinch and built as a joint venture between Sundt and DPR Construction, groundbreaking occurred in early 2016. The $306 million, nine-story hospital tower contains over 200 new patient rooms and 19 new operating rooms. The tower was topped out February 2017 and was completed in the spring of 2019. It is the 5th tallest building in Tucson.
Notable events
On January 8, 2011, Congresswoman Gabby Giffords was shot in an assassination attempt. Having been critically wounded after suffering a single gunshot wound to the head, she and many of the other 18 wounded individuals were promptly evacuated by helicopter to this facility. Giffords underwent emergency surgery by doctor Peter M. Rhee to save her life and many attribute her survival to the swift actions of the university's doctors. After her condition improved, doctors deemed her safe to travel so that she could begin speech, physical, and occupational therapy. Giffords was flown by plane to Houston's Memorial Hermann Medical Center on January 21, 2011, to continue therapy. In total, 6 people died in the shooting, including federal District Court Chief Judge John Roll; Gabe Zimmerman, one of Rep. Giffords' staffers; and a nine-year-old girl, Christina-Taylor Green.
Graduate medical education
Through the University of Arizona College of Medicine, BUMCT hosts nearly 50 residency and fellowship programs across almost every speciality in medicine. Over 600 residents and fellows train at BUMCT and Banner - University Medical Center South (BUMCS) and all physicians who practice at these facilities have University of Arizona faculty appointments.
Residency programs
Fellowship programs
Associated centers and institutes
Banner - University Medical Center Tucson serves as the primary clinical partner for the University of Arizona Health Sciences' (UAHS) numerous multidisciplinary institutes and centers for excellence. These programs are a collaboration between the five colleges that comprise the UAHS: the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, College of Medicine - Phoenix, College of Nursing, College of Pharmacy, and the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health.
The University of Arizona Arthritis Center
The University of Arizona Cancer Center
Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics
Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine
Arizona Center on Aging
University of Arizona Liver Research Institute
Arizona Emergency Medicine Research Center
Arizona Respiratory Center
The University of Arizona Steele Children's Research Center
The University of Arizona Sarver Heart Center
Valley Fever Center for Excellence
VIPER Institute
Adjacent and interrelated to BUMCT is the Arizona Cancer Center, an NCI cancer research and treatment facility. The medical center serves as the site of the programs' numerous clinical trials. Besides the hospital, Banner Health, via its University Medicine division, operates two hospital-based physician offices in Tucson, one hospital-based physician office in Green Valley, Arizona, and one medical transplant physician office in Phoenix (for pre- and post-transplant patients).
Accreditation and recognition
BUMCT is accredited by Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) and the Council of Teaching Hospitals.
BUMCT is an American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Hospital.
For 2017, U.S. News & World Report ranked BUMCT #39 for Nephrology, #46 for Geriatrics and high-performing in five other specialties.
The hospital specializes in multidisciplinary transplant programs and its blood and marrow transplant programs are among the best in the Southwest.
Since 2005, Banner – University Medical Center Tucson has been listed as one of Solucient's Top 100 Hospitals.
BUMC Tucson has been consistently ranked among the United States' best hospitals, according to U.S. News & World Reports annual guide to "America’s Best Hospitals."
HealthGrades, a healthcare rating company, has found BUMC to be one of the best hospitals in Coronary Intervention.
References
External links
www.bannerhealth.com/tucson
Hospital buildings completed in 1971
Hospitals established in 1971
University of Arizona
Hospitals in Arizona
Buildings and structures in Tucson, Arizona
Trauma centers |
William L. Grayson Stadium is a stadium in Savannah, Georgia. It is primarily used for baseball, and is the home field of the Savannah Bananas, an exhibition baseball team. It was the part-time home of the Savannah State University college baseball team from 2009 to 2011. It was also used from 1927 until 1959 for the annual Thanksgiving Day game between Savannah High School and Benedictine Military School. Known as "Historic Grayson Stadium", it was built in 1926. It holds 4,000 people. It also served as the home of the Savannah Sand Gnats from 1984 to 2015 (known as the Cardinals until 1996).
History
Originally known as Municipal Stadium, it first served as the home field of the minor league Savannah Indians. In 1932, it hosted the Boston Red Sox for spring training. The park underwent major renovations in 1941, following a devastating hurricane in 1940. Spanish–American War veteran General William L. Grayson led the effort to get the $150,000 needed to rebuild the stadium. Half of the funds came from the Works Progress Administration (WPA). In recognition of Grayson's work, the stadium was renamed in his honor.
The first integrated South Atlantic League game took place at Grayson Stadium on April 14, 1953.
The park went through a two-year renovation process that started prior to the 2007 season.
Grayson Stadium was the venue for the 2017 GHSA Baseball Championships for Class 1A Private, Class 2A, Class 3A, and Class 5A. It was also used for the 2018 and 2019 GHSA Baseball Championships.
Timeline
References
External links
The Savannah Bananas
Ball Park Reviews: Grayson Stadium
Stadium Journey: Grayson Stadium
Minor league baseball venues
Baseball venues in Georgia (U.S. state)
Works Progress Administration in Georgia (U.S. state)
Savannah State Tigers baseball
Negro league baseball venues still standing
1926 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Sports venues completed in 1926
College baseball venues in the United States
Boston Red Sox spring training venues
Sports venues in Savannah, Georgia |
Obernau is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Obernau may also refer to:
Obernau (Rottenburg), a suburb of Rottenburg am Neckar in the district of Tübingen in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Obernau (Sieg), a river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
a district of Kriens, canton of Lucerne, Switzerland
a district of Aschaffenburg, Bavaria, Germany
a district of Kitzbühel, Tyrol, Austria |
Cross-cultural may refer to
cross-cultural studies, a comparative tendency in various fields of cultural analysis
cross-cultural communication, a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate
any of various forms of interactivity between members of disparate cultural groups (see also cross-cultural communication, interculturalism, intercultural relations, hybridity, cosmopolitanism, transculturation)
the discourse concerning cultural interactivity, sometimes referred to as cross-culturalism (See also multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, transculturation, cultural diversity)
Cross-cultural communication
By the 1970s, the field of cross-cultural communication (also known as intercultural communication) developed as a prominent application of the cross-cultural paradigm, in response to the pressures of globalization which produced a demand for cross-cultural awareness training in various commercial sectors.
Cultural communication differences can be identified by 8 different criteria:
when to talk;
what to say;
pacing and pausing;
the art of listening;
intonation;
what is conventional and what is not in a language;
degree of indirectness; and
cohesion and coherence.
Cross-cultural pedagogies
The appearance of the term in the titles of a number of college readers and writing textbooks beginning in the late 1980s can be attributed to a convergence of academic multiculturalism and the pedagogical movement known as Writing Across the Curriculum, which gave educators in the social sciences greater influence in composition pedagogy. Popular examples included Ourselves Among Others: Cross-Cultural Readings for Writers (1988), edited by Carol J. Verburg, and Guidelines: A Cross Cultural Reading Writing Text (1990), ed. Ruth Spack.
Cross-cultural studies
Cross-cultural studies is an adaptation of the term cross-cultural to describe a branch of literary and cultural studies dealing with works or writers associated with more than one culture. Practitioners of cross-cultural studies often use the term cross-culturalism to describe discourses involving cultural interactivity, or to promote (or disparage) various forms of cultural interactivity.
Cross-culturalism is nearly synonymous with transculturation, a term coined by Cuban writer Fernando Ortiz in the 1940s to describe processes of cultural hybridity in Latin America. However, there are certain differences of emphasis reflecting the social science derivation of cross-culturalism.
The term "cross-culturalism" became prevalent in cultural studies in the late 1980s and 1990s. An early proponent of the term was the Guyanese writer Wilson Harris, who wrote in The Womb of Space (1983), that "cultural heterogeneity or cross-cultural capacity" gives an "evolutionary thrust" to the imagination.
Anthropology exerted a strong influence on the development of cross-culturalism in literary and cultural studies. French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss was a key figure in the development of structuralism and its successor, post-structuralism. Cross-influences between anthropology and literary/cultural studies in the 1980s were evident in works such as James Clifford and George Marcus's collection, Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics of Ethnography (1986). Harvard anthropologist Clifford Geertz was cited as an influence on literary critics like Stephen Greenblatt, while other literary/cultural scholars turned to works by Victor Turner and Mary Douglas.
Like multiculturalism, cross-culturalism is sometimes construed as ideological, in that it advocates values such as those associated with transculturation, transnationalism, cosmopolitanism, interculturalism, and globalism. Nevertheless, cross-culturalism is a fundamentally neutral term, in that favorable portrayal of other cultures or the processes of cultural mixing are not essential to the categorization of a work or writer as cross-cultural.
Cross-culturalism is distinct from multiculturalism. Whereas multiculturalism deals with cultural diversity within a particular nation or social group, cross-culturalism is concerned with exchange beyond the boundaries of the nation or cultural group.
Cross-culturalism in literary and cultural studies is a useful rubric for works, writers and artists that do not fit within a single cultural tradition. To the extent that cultures are national, the cross-cultural may be considered as overlapping the transnational. The cross-cultural can also be said to incorporate the colonial and the postcolonial, since colonialism is by definition a form of cross-culturalism. Travel literature also makes up a substantial component of cross-cultural literature. Of the various terms, "cross-culturalism" is the most inclusive, since it is free of transnationalism's dependence on the nation-state and colonialism/postcolonialism's restriction to colonized or formerly-colonized regions. This inclusiveness leads to certain definitional ambiguity (albeit one derived from the term culture itself). In practice, "cross-cultural" is usually applied only to situations involving significant cultural divergence. Thus, the term is not usually applied in cases involving crossing between European nations, or between Europe and the United States. However, there is no clear reason why, for example, Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America or even Woody Allen's Annie Hall (in which the protagonist experiences culture shock after traveling to Los Angeles from New York City) could not be considered cross-cultural works.
Although disagreement over what constitutes a "significant" cultural divergence creates difficulties of categorization, "cross-cultural" is nevertheless useful in identifying writers, artists, works, etc., who may otherwise tend to fall between the cracks of various national cultures.
Cross-cultural studies in the social sciences
The term "cross-cultural" emerged in the social sciences in the 1930s, largely as a result of the Cross-Cultural Survey undertaken by George Peter Murdock, a Yale anthropologist. Initially referring to comparative studies based on statistical compilations of cultural data, the term gradually acquired a secondary sense of cultural interactivity. The comparative sense is implied in phrases such as "a cross-cultural perspective," "cross-cultural differences," "a cross-cultural study of..." and so forth, while the interactive sense may be found in works like Attitudes and Adjustment in Cross-Cultural Contact: Recent Studies of Foreign Students, a 1956 issue of The Journal of Social Issues.
Usage of "cross-cultural" was for many decades restricted mainly to the social sciences. Among the more prominent examples are the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP), established in 1972 "to further the study of the role of cultural factors in shaping human behavior," and its associated Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, which aims to provide an interdisciplinary discussion of the effects of cultural differences.
Cross-cultural films
The African Queen
Anna and the King
Babel
Bride and Prejudice
Jodhaa Akbar
Mammoth
Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence
The King and I
The Last Samurai
The Man Who Would Be King
The Namesake
Outsourced
Princess Tam Tam
Cross-cultural theatre
In the early 21st century the term "intercultural theatre" is preferred to "cross-cultural theatre."
Companies
International Centre for Theatre Research
The Bridge Stage of the Arts
TheatreWorks (Singapore)
Darpana Academy of Performing Arts
Plays and theatre pieces
Homebody/Kabul by Tony Kushner
Indian Ink by Tom Stoppard
Madame Butterfly (1900) by David Belasco
Miss Saigon
The Mahabharata by Peter Brook
The Mikado (1885), a comic opera in two acts by Gilbert and Sullivan
The Gondoliers (1889), a comic opera in two acts by Gilbert and Sullivan
Characteristics of cross-cultural narratives
Cross-cultural narrative forms may be described in terms of common characteristics or tropes shared by cross-cultural writers, artists, etc. Examples include primitivism, exoticism, as well as culturally specific forms such as Orientalism, Japonisme.
Cross-cultural narratives tend to incorporate elements such as:
acculturation or resistance to acculturation
culture shock
ethnographic description
overcoming of social obstacles through acculturation, tricksterism, kindness, luck, hard work, etc.
return home (often accompanied by further culture shock)
social obstacles such as discrimination, racism, prejudice, stereotypes, linguistic difficulties, linguicism
travel writing
Cross-cultural music
Music has long been a central medium for cross-cultural exchange. The cross-cultural study of music is referred to as ethnomusicology.
Cross-cultural theatre directors
Peter Brook (United Kingdom)
Cross-cultural visual artists
Leonard Tsuguharu Foujita (Japan, France)
Paul Gauguin (France, Tahiti)
Isamu Noguchi (United States, Japan, France, India)
Cross-cultural writers (autobiography, fiction, poetry)
Meena Alexander (India, Sudan, England, United States)
Elvia Ardalani (Mexico, United States, Iran)
Ruth Benedict (United States, Dutch New Guinea, Japan)
Aimé Césaire (Martinique, France)
Joseph Conrad (Poland, England, Congo)
Charles Eastman (Sioux, United States)
Olaudah Equiano (Igbo, United States, England)
Lafcadio Hearn (Greece, Ireland, United States, Japan)
Joseph Heco (Japan, United States)
Rudyard Kipling (India, England, United States)
Jhumpa Lahiri (England, United States, India)
Anna Leonowens (India, England, Thailand, Canada)
Spike Milligan (India, England, Ireland)
Yone Noguchi (Japan, United States)
Marco Polo (Italy, China)
Victor Segalen (France, China)
Khal Torabully (France, Mauritius)
See also
References
External links
Cross-cultural experience narratives compiled by the Glimpse Foundation
Cross-Cultural Study: Some Considerations
Transtext(e)sTranscultures trilingual (English, Chinese, French) journal of the Institute for Transtextual and Transcultural Studies, University of Lyon, France.
Comparing Nigerians and Canadians: Insights from Social Survey Research, 1990-2005
Modes and models for transcending cultural differences, Journal of Research in International Education, Van Hook, S.R. 2011
Zuckermann, Ghil'ad et al. (2015), ENGAGING - A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property, Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support.
Cultural concepts
Interculturalism |
Alfred Desenclos (7 February 1912 – 3 March 1971) was a French composer of (modern) classical music. Desenclos was a self-described "romantic" whose music is highly expressive and atmospheric and rooted in rigorous compositional technique.
To support his large family (he was one of ten children), Desenclos had to renounce continuing his general studies and work as an industrial designer in the textile industry until the age of 20, but in 1929, he entered the Conservatory in Roubaix, France, to study piano. Until that time, he had played only as an amateur. He was admitted to the Conservatoire de Paris in 1932, where he won prizes in fugue, harmony, composition and accompaniment, supporting himself by fulfilling the role of 'maître de chapelle' (Kapellmeister) at the church of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris.
His sacred music belongs to the tradition begun by Saint-Saëns and continued by Fauré. He won the Prix de Rome in 1942, the year in which he co-wrote (with André Theurer) the music to the film The Blue Veil.
Desenclos was the director of his alma mater, the Conservatoire de Roubaix, from 1943 to 1950 (where one of his pupils was film-maker Claude Chabrol's favourite composer Pierre Jansen) and taught harmony at the Conservatoire de Paris from 1967 to his death at the age of 59.
Desenclos's Messe de requiem was written in 1963 and published by Durand et Fils in 1967. In 1999, the piece was reprinted under the name of Atlanta-based composer Tristan Foison. Foison's mass was given its "American premiere" on 18 May 1999 in a performance by the Capitol Hill Chorale; soon after, the piece was discovered to be a note-for-note duplicate of Desenclos's.
The oeuvre of Alfred Desenclos, most of which was little-known outside the world of liturgic music during his lifetime, has enjoyed a strong revival in the concert hall and the recording studio over the last two decades, his 'Quatuor de saxophones' in particular establishing itself in the 20th century chamber music repertoire.
Alfred Desenclos's son Frédéric Desenclos (1961-) is an instrumentist who has performed internationally and currently is the organist at the Chapelle Royale of the Palace of Versailles.
Selected filmography
The Blue Veil (1942)
Beautiful Love (1951)
Compositions
Aria & Rondo (double bass and piano)
Bucoliques (flute and piano)
Cantilène et divertissements (French horn and piano)
Fantaisie (harp solo)
Incantation, thrène et danse (trumpet and orchestra)
Messe de requiem
Nos autem (SSATBB a cappella)
Plain-Chant et allegretto (trombone and piano)
Préludes (need instrumentation)
Préambule, complainte et final (French horn and piano)
Prélude, cadence et finale (alto saxophone and piano)
In 1997, this piece was arranged for Alto Saxophone and Orchestra by Russell Peterson.
In 1999, this piece was arranged for Alto Saxophone and Winds by Donald Patterson and performed by Miles Smith with "The President's Own" United States Marine Band. The arrangement is available for rental from Theodore Presser Company.
in 2007, this piece was arranged for Alto Saxophone and small wind band by the Dutch saxophone player Karl Veen. However, the ensemble parts of this edition contain mistakes.
Quatuor (saxophone quartet)
Salve Regina (SATB chorus)
Suite breve (piano solo)
Selected recordings
Joël Suhubiette, direction, Les Elements: Desenclos: Requiem (Éditions Hortus, HORT009).
Delphian CD 34136: Desenclos Messe de Requiem Choir of King's College London, 2014
Éric Aubier: incantation, Thrène et danse. CD: The art of the Trumpet, 2015
References
1912 births
1971 deaths
People from Pas-de-Calais
20th-century classical composers
French classical composers
French male classical composers
Prix de Rome for composition
20th-century French composers
20th-century French male musicians |
Mohammad Shoriful Islam (Bengali: মোহাম্মদ শরিফুল ইসলাম; born 3 June 2001) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his international debut for the Bangladesh cricket team in March 2021.
Domestic and under-19 career
Shoriful made his first-class debut for Rajshahi Division in the 2017–18 National Cricket League on 15 September 2017. He made his List A debut for Prime Bank Cricket Club in the 2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League on 7 February 2018.
Shoriful was the joint-leading wicket-taker for Prime Bank Cricket Club in the 2017–18 Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League, with 17 dismissals in 8 matches.
Shoriful made his Twenty20 debut for Bangladesh A against Ireland A on 13 August 2018. The next day, he was one of twelve debutants to be selected for a 31-man preliminary squad for Bangladesh ahead of the 2018 Asia Cup.
In October 2018, Shoriful was named in the squad for the Khulna Titans team, following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League. In December 2018, he was named in Bangladesh's team for the 2018 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. In December 2019, he was named in Bangladesh's squad for the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
International career
In January 2021, Shoriful was one of four uncapped players to be named in a preliminary squad for the One Day International (ODI) series against the West Indies. Later the same month, he was named in Bangladesh's ODI squad for their matches against the West Indies. The following month, he was named in Bangladesh's squad for their series against New Zealand. He made his T20I debut for Bangladesh on 28 March 2021, against New Zealand.
In April 2021, Shoriful was named in Bangladesh's preliminary Test squad for their series against Sri Lanka, before being named in the final 15-man squad for the first Test. He made his Test debut on 29 April 2021, for Bangladesh against Sri Lanka. In May 2021, he was named in Bangladesh's ODI squad for their series against Sri Lanka. He made his ODI debut for Bangladesh on 25 May 2021, against Sri Lanka.
In September 2021, he was named in Bangladesh's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
Bangladeshi cricketers
Bangladesh Test cricketers
Bangladesh One Day International cricketers
Bangladesh Twenty20 International cricketers
Rajshahi Division cricketers
Khulna Tigers cricketers
Prime Bank Cricket Club cricketers
People from Panchagarh District
Sportspeople from Rangpur Division |
Wawakapewin First Nation (Oji-Cree: ᐙᐙᑲᐯᐎᐣ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓂᓂᐗᐠ (Waawaagabewin Nistam Anishininiwag); unpointed: ᐗᐗᑲᐯᐎᐣ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓂᔑᓂᓂᐗᐠ) is an Oji-Cree First Nation reserve located 350 kilometers north of Sioux Lookout, Ontario. It is only accessible by air and the winter road system from Pickle Lake. It is a small community in which the registered population in June 2013 was 73, of which 43 lived on their own Reserve. The current Chief is Anne-Marie Beardy. Wawakapewin First Nation is a member of Shibogama First Nations Council.
Official address
Wawakapewin First Nationc/o Shibogama First Nation CouncilPO Box 449Sioux Lookout, Ontario P8T 1A5
External links
First Nation Connectivity Profile for Wawakapewin First Nation.
AANDC profile
References
Oji-Cree reserves in Ontario
Communities in Kenora District
Nishnawbe Aski Nation |
Rodney Scott may refer to:
Rodney Scott (actor) (born 1978), American actor
Rodney Scott (baseball) (born 1953), infielder in Major League Baseball
Rodney Scott (law enforcement officer), Chief of the United States Border Patrol
Rodney Scott (pitmaster) |
Robert Clayton Robbins (born November 20, 1957), known professionally as Robert C. Robbins or R.C. Robbins, is an American cardiothoracic surgeon and the 22nd and current president of The University of Arizona. In the spring of 2023, the Faculty Senate at the University of Arizona gave R.C. Robbins a vote of “no confidence” due, in part, to the university leadership’s inaction regarding a violent student who would go on to fatally shoot a professor in October of 2022. He received a pay raise in October of 2023 from the Arizona Board of Regents. Previously, he was the president and CEO of the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas, from 2012 to 2017. As an internationally recognized cardiac surgeon, he has focused his clinical efforts on acquired cardiac diseases, including surgical treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiothoracic transplantation. He also serves on the board of the Greater Phoenix Economic Council.
Early life
Robbins was born in Laurel, Mississippi, and raised by his maternal grandparents, where he spent much of his childhood at the local community college, where his grandfather was a math professor. In high school, Robbins was inspired to pursue medicine, in part due to the lack of local physicians. He later earned his first undergraduate degree in Chemistry from Millsaps College. In 1983, he received his medical degree from the University of Mississippi.
Career
After receiving his medical degree in 1983, he continued work as a resident at the University of Mississippi until 1989, with an emphasis in general surgery. He then began a residency at Stanford University Hospital, specializing in cardiothoracic surgery until 1992, before working as a pediatric fellow at Emory University School of Medicine and Royal Children's Hospital in Australia. Beginning in 1993, Robbins acted as the director of the cardiothoracic transplantation laboratory at the Stanford University School of Medicine until 2012, becoming the chair of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery in 2005. During his time at the Stanford University School of Medicine, Robbins maintained active roles in a variety of public and professional service, including serving on the education committee for the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and the strategic planning committee for the American Heart Association.
On November 5, 2012, Robbins left Stanford's school of medicine to work as the president and CEO of the Texas Medical Center, before becoming the 22nd president of the University of Arizona in 2017.
Publications
Robbin's publications include more than 300 peer-reviewed journal articles, spanning a variety of research topics including the investigation of stem cells for cardiac regeneration, cardiac transplant allograft vasculopathy, bioengineered blood vessels, and automated vascular anastomotic devices.
Selected publications
Haematopoietic stem cells adopt mature haematopoietic fates in ischaemic myocardium (2004)
Bridge-to-transplant with the Novacor left-ventricular assist system (1999)
References
1957 births
Living people
Presidents of the University of Arizona
American thoracic surgeons
20th-century American physicians
21st-century American physicians
Millsaps College
University of Mississippi Medical Center alumni
Stanford University School of Medicine faculty
People from Laurel, Mississippi
Physicians from Mississippi |
The "Payroll Room" is how much money in a National Hockey League (NHL) team's salary cap is left to acquire players, whether such players are signed as free agents or join the team via a trade or waivers. The term originated in 2005 with the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA), which was negotiated following a season-long lockout. The new CBA includes a salary cap (formally titled the "Upper Limit" of the Payroll Range in the agreement). Payroll room is often called cap room in the media.
A team can increase its cap room if it trades high-salary players to other teams and gets lower-paid players in their place. A team cannot trade its cap room to another team or defer its cap room to subsequent seasons. Other practices once common in the NHL, such as exchanging cash for players or agreeing to pay a portion of a player's remaining salary after trading him, have been explicitly forbidden in the new CBA to try to prevent wealthier teams from evading the restrictions of the cap.
External links
NHL CBA main page
Text of the CBA (PDF format)
National Hockey League labor relations |
Robert Brandon Teilhet is a Democrat member of the Georgia House of Representatives in the U.S. state of Georgia. He is a representing District 40, which encompasses parts of southeastern Cobb County.
Teilhet graduated from the University of Georgia (UGA) with a Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) degree in 1996 and a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the UGA School of Law in 2000.
A member of the Georgia House of Representatives in Georgia, following a record of service in the Georgia House of Representatives, Teilhet was a 2010 candidate for Attorney General of the State of Georgia but lost the Democratic primary to Ken Hodges.
References
External links
Rob Teilhet for Attorney General
Rob Teilhet's official site
Georgia House of Representatives bio
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Cobb County, Georgia
University of Georgia alumni
Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians |
There are ten states in the United States with container deposit legislation, popularly called "bottle bills" after the Oregon Bottle Bill, the first such legislation that was passed.
Container deposit legislation (CDL) requires a refundable deposit on certain types of recyclable beverage containers in order to ensure an increased recycling rate. Studies show that the recycling rate for beverage containers is vastly increased with a bottle bill. The United States' overall beverage container recycling rate is approximately 33%, while states with container deposit laws have a 70% average rate of beverage container recycling. Michigan's recycling rate of 97% from 1990 to 2008 was the highest in the nation, as is its $0.10 deposit. Studies also show that beverage container legislation has reduced total roadside litter by between 30% and 64% in the states with bottle bills. Numerous instances of criminal offenses motivated by the cash refund value of empty containers have been reported.
Proponents of container deposit legislation have pointed to the small financial responsibilities of the states. Financing these programs are the responsibility of the beverage industry and consumers. Producers are responsible for disposing of returned products, while consumers are responsible for collecting their refunds.
In Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, and Massachusetts the courts have ruled that unclaimed deposits are deemed abandoned by the public and are therefore property of the state. These states use this money to fund other environmental programs. In California and Hawaii uncollected deposits are used to cover the administrative costs of the deposit program. In Iowa and Oregon the beverage distribution industry keeps the unredeemed deposits. Iowa and Oregon's systems are similar and it was found to be highly profitable for beverage distributors in Iowa. Between March 11, 2020, and June 2020, most states with container deposit legislation, except for California and Hawaii, temporarily suspended the bottle bill requirements as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
States with container deposits
California (5¢; for bottles or greater, 10¢), California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act (AB 2020) implemented in 1987, last revision made October 2010. Listed on containers as "California Redemption Value", or "CRV", or "CA Cash Refund" or similar notations. Beverages covered under the act are beer and malt beverages, distilled spirit coolers and wine coolers, and all non-alcoholic beverages except milk, 100 percent vegetable juice in containers larger than 16 ounces, and 100 percent fruit juice in containers 46 ounces or larger. Other notable beverage excluded from CRV are wine, distilled spirits, medical food and baby formula. Container types are aluminum, glass, plastic resins 1–7, bi-metals (exempts refillables). The recycling rate for beverage containers of all materials in 2011 was 82%. California imposes sales tax on the CRV if the beverage is taxable. The sales tax is not refunded to consumers upon redeeming the empty containers to a recycling center. Some recycling centers have attracted drug activity and crimes. In one example in Haight-Ashbury, a recycling was ordered shut by the city in 2012 due to drug activity crime.
Connecticut (5¢), Beverage Container Deposit and Redemption Law 1980; not charged on milk (deposit on water bottles went into effect October 1, 2009). Applies to beer, carbonated soft drinks (including mineral water and soda waters) and non-carbonated beverages; "noncarbonated beverages" means water, including flavored water, nutritionally enhanced water and any beverage that is identified through the use of letters, words or symbols on such beverage's product label as a type of water, but excluding juice and mineral water. Beverage container types include bottles, jars, or cartons made from glass, metal, or plastic.
Hawaii (5¢), Solid Waste Management Deposit Beverage Container Law (Act 176). Enacted in June 2002. In addition, Hawaii charges a nonrefundable 1¢ fee per container to fund the program. This fee increases to 1.5¢ if the redemption rate reaches 70%. Containers of aluminum, bi-metal, glass, plastic (PETE and HDPE) up to . All non-alcoholic beverage (excluding dairy), beer, malt, mixed spirits, and wine. Seventy-six percent redemption rate.
Iowa (5¢ for containers that held carbonated beverages), Beverage Container Deposit Law 1978. Beverages of beer, wine coolers, wine, liquor, soda pop, mineral water. Bottles, cans, jars, or cartons made of glass, plastic, or metal. Iowa code 455C requires that retailers take back containers of what they sell and it is a misdemeanor to fail to comply. The Des Moines Register reports officials say enforcement is almost non-existent and in the example covered by the news in December, 2020, Menards only accepted them after the police were summoned and were told to accept by the police officer.
Maine (5¢ on fruit juice, soda, beer and bottled water; 15¢ for most liquor and wine cans/bottles), Maine Returnable Beverage Container Law 1978. All potable liquids, except dairy and unprocessed cider. All glass, metal, or plastic containers or smaller, excluding blueberry juice and apple cider produced in Maine. Redemption centers are paid a processing fee of 3 to 4¢ per container by the distributor. There are some redemption centers that pay the clients in excess of deposit value, sharing part of the fee they receive from the distributor to encourage them to conduct business at the store. A redemption provider called CLYNK operates a drop-off redemption processing service in collaboration with Hannaford stores. The customer creates an account and drop off bags filled with cans and receive the deposit into their account after the containers have been counted. In October 2019, a CLYNK customer complained to WGME-TV alleging that CLYNK counted incorrectly four out of five times. The news channel's investigative team conducted their own test dropping off two bags that have been counted twice, loaded with $8.85 worth of containers. CLYNK shorted the news team by $1.15.
Massachusetts Bottle Bill (5¢ for containers that held carbonated beverages), Beverage Container Recovery Law enacted in 1982. Beverages include beer, malt, soda, mineral water in jars, cartons, bottles, or cans made of glass, metal, plastic, or a combination. The redemption rate of covered containers is 72.3%, though due to an increase in sales of non-carbonated beverages, over 30% of beverage containers sold are not covered and are recycled at a much lower rate.
Michigan (10¢ non-refillable, 10¢ refillable), Michigan Beverage Container Act of 1976. For beverages of beer, pop, carbonated and mineral water, wine coolers, canned cocktails. In containers made of metal, glass, paper, or plastic under . Ninety-seven percent redemption rate. Escheated deposits are divided as: 75% to State Cleanup and Redevelopment Trust Fund, 25% returned to retailers. Redemption limit per person, per day, is $25 in deposits.
New York (5¢), New York State Returnable Container Law 1982. For containers under one gallon, that held carbonated beverages or water (the law was amended to include water containers on October 31, 2009) Beverages include beer, malt beverages, soda, juice spritzers containing added water or sugar, wine product, and bottled water without added sugar. Hard cider and wine are exempt from the deposit, whether or not they are carbonated. Container types are metal, glass, paper, plastic or a combination under . Overall redemption rates as of 2007 were 66%; 76% for beer, 56.6% for soda, and 64.7% for wine product. Redemption limit is 240 containers per person, per day, but this can be circumvented by notifying the business at least 48 hours in advance, in which case the business is compelled to take any amount. In addition, any store that sells a product with a deposit, is required to take it back and refund the deposit. As of March 2010, all business which sell beverages in beverages containers for consumption off site and are part of a chain of businesses of 10 or more under common ownership are required to install 3–8 reverse vending machines on their premises depending on area of the business.
Oregon (10¢), the Oregon Bottle Bill passed in 1971. Covered beverages carry a mandatory refund value, which means a redemption value must be paid upon presentation of containers, however, retailers are not required to charge the deposit.
Beverages covered include beer, malt, soda, bottled water, juice, coffee, kombucha, coconut water, ready-to-use mixers, nutritional supplements, smoothies, protein shakes, non-alcoholic wine, drinking vinegar, marijuana beverages, sports drinks, energy drinks and most other beverages. The only exceptions are for wine, liquor, dairy or plant-based milk, meal replacement beverages, and infant formula. Included are bottles, cans, or jars made of glass, metal, or plastic. Redemption rate has been as high as 94%, but dropped to 83% by 2005 and to 64.5% in 2015, the decline ultimately triggering a scheduled increase in the redemption value to 10¢ effective April 2017. Redemption limit per person, per day is 144 containers (50 containers for stores less than ).
Vermont (5¢; for most liquor bottles, 15¢), Beverage Container Law 1973. Includes beer, malt, soda, mixed wine drinks, liquor. Containers included are bottles, cans, jars, or cartons composed of glass, metal, paper, plastic, or a combination. Redemption rate is 85%.
Repealed legislation
Delaware (5¢), Beverage Container Regulation 1982 [Repealed in 2009]. Included beer, malt, ale, soft drinks, mineral water, soda water, and covered all containers under (with the exception of aluminum). Container deposit legislation was repealed by Senate Bill 234. As of December 1, 2010, consumers no longer paid a deposit on containers; no refunds were paid after February 1, 2011. Delaware had a non-refundable 4¢ tax per beverage container sold, which retailers remitted to the state monthly. This fee expired as of December 1, 2014.
Proposed legislation
There have regularly been campaigns in the early 21st to introduce container-deposit laws in various U.S. states and territories, or to improve or expand existing legislation, including but not limited to the following initiatives:
Washington state had Washington Beverage Container Deposit on November 6, 1979, ballot as Initiative 61. Had it passed it would have established a minimum 5¢ deposit. However, measure was defeated with 57.63% voters rejecting the proposition.
Texas unsuccessfully attempted to introduce a bottle bill into legislation in 2011. The bill set a redemption goal of 75%, with a deposit rate of 10¢ for containers or less, and 15¢ for larger containers. Beverages covered would have been: beer, malt, carbonated soft drinks, mineral water, wine, coffee, tea, juices, flavored waters, and non-carbonated waters (dairy products excluded). Containers made of glass, plastic or aluminum-containing a beverage of or less would have been covered. The Texas bottle bill did not gather enough votes.
Tennessee had attempted to pass the Tennessee Bottle Bill in 2009 and 2010, which was projected to increase its recycling rate from 10% to 80%.
The Massachusetts legislature failed over several sessions to expand its bottle law to cover bottled water and sports drinks in line with its New England neighbors. Massachusetts environmental activists attempted a ballot petition in November 2014. The bill failed 27% to 73%. The beverage industry funded over 80% of a more than $9 million campaign, which outspent environmental groups by a margin of more than 6 to 1.
Criminal offenses related to container deposits
Numerous instances of criminal offenses have occurred motivated by the cash refund value of empty containers, such as theft of cases of water from a retail store, burglary into a concession stand, welfare fraud, and theft of bagged empties from a private residence. In Salem, Oregon, Douglas McKay High School athletic concession stand was burgled where approximately ten 24 pack cases of beverages were emptied inside the building and empty containers stolen. The vice president of the club suggested the thieves committed the crime of returning empties for cash at the BottleDrop redemption facility nearby. A Medford, Oregon woman was charged with theft of $40 worth of bottled water from Albertsons. A video of the same woman dumping the empty bottles at the BottleDrop facility operated by the Oregon Beverage Recycling Cooperative has circulated on the Internet. A parolee from Wayne County, New York was charged with illegal exchange/sale of items purchased on food stamps following a purchase of 1,000 bottles of bottled water and dumping them out to cash out on the container deposit. A machete-wielding male subject was observed taking a bag of empty cans set aside on the porch in front of the house and was confronted by a neighbor in Medford, Oregon.
In July 2020, an Aloha, Oregon transient attacked another man that was scavenging refundable containers in a residential neighborhood to steal his cans.
See also
Container deposit legislation
Recycling in the United States
Environment of the United States
History of bottle recycling in the United States
References
External links
Map with links to text of U.S. bottle bill laws, LawServer
California's Bottle Bill
Tennessee Bottle Bill Project
Senator Jim Jefford's National Bottle Bill
Hawaii Dept of Health Bottle Deposit Law Site
Texas Bottle Bill
Abstract: Congressional Research Service 93-114 ENR. "Bottle Bills and Curbside Recycling: Are They Compatible?"
Congressional Research Service 93-114 ENR. "Bottle Bills and Curbside Recycling: Are They Compatible?"
Container deposit legislation
Recycling in the United States
Waste legislation in the United States |
Antonio Zoppi (1860–1926) was an Italian painter, mostly of genre and costume scenes, as well as landscapes.
He was born and resident in Novara. In 1881 at Milan he exhibited: Paggio del secolo XVI. In 1881 at Rome he exhibited: Fate la carità e In vino laetitia. To other exhibitions he sent: Winter Sun; Dolci ricordi; Il nonno; Adele; Study of a head; A landscaper of Tobacco; and Savoy and Winter Morning. Vendemmia was exhibited at the Brera Academy in 1822. Another painter by the same name was born in Piacenza on April 8, 1826. He was a decorative painter and one depicting quadratura.
Among his works: a quadratura painting inside the house of Dezzopis; a garden in the house of signor Filippo Guastoni at Piacenza, and another depicting a garden in casa Beltrami, the Sanvitali depicting the sea. He painted also scenography and decorations for the Teatro Municipale.
References
1860 births
1926 deaths
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
20th-century Italian painters
20th-century Italian male artists
Painters from Piedmont
Italian landscape painters
Italian genre painters
Italian costume genre painters
19th-century Italian male artists
People from Novara |
Daisy Speranza was a French tennis player who won the French Championship in doubles and mixed doubles.
Doubles
Speranza won the French Championship in doubles four consecutive times with Jeanne Matthey from 1909 until 1912
Mixed doubles
Speranza won the French Championship in mixed doubles with William Laurentz twice.
References
French female tennis players
Year of death missing
1890 births |
The Chief Medical Officer of Hungary is a government official, head of the National Public Health Center. The current office holder is Cecília Müller. The chief medical officer reports to the Ministry of Human Capacities through the undersecretary for health.
Responsibilities
The chief medical officer has several responsibilities and a complex jurisdiction which is stated in the 5.1 section of 18/2019. (VI. 6.) directive of the Minister of Human Capacities on the organizational and operational rules of the National Public Health Center. These are including but not limited to:
organizational operational duties
supervising, controlling and inspectional roles
managing and supervising duties related to public health
Replacement
In case of the chief medical officer's absence or inability, the deputy chief medical officer I takes over the power and duties of the surgeon general; in case of the deputy chief medical officer I's absence or inability, the deputy chief medical officer II shall fulfill the duties.
History
During the Kingdom of Hungary, the establishment of a public health organization is related to Queen Maria Theresa. The first comprehensive public health regulation was released in 1770 under the title Generale normativum in re sanitatis. The Generale normativum established the office of physicus (chief medical officer).
The chief medical officer is the traditional name of the office. However, the name of the organization responsible for public health administration has changed several times since 2010. The Minister of Human Capacities, by releasing the 18/2019. (VI. 6.) directive on the organizational and operational rules of the National Public Health Center, overruled the 51/2017. (X. 15.) ministerial directive. Previously the Office of the Chief Medical Officer was part of the National Public Health and Medical Officer Service.
Former chief medical officers
1991-1995: Pál Kertai
1995–1997: Endre Morava
1997–2001: Ilona Molnár
2001: Alán Pintér
2001–2002: Katalin Lun
2002–2003: György Ungváry
2004–2006: László Bujdosó
2007–2010: Ferenc Falus
2010–2015: Judit Paller
2016–2018: Tamás Szentes
2018: Attila Kovács
2018– incumbent: Cecília Müller
References
Hungary
Medical and health organisations based in Hungary |
Ashok Kumar Yadav () is a Nepalese politician. He is a former member of Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province from People's Socialist Party, Nepal. Yadav, a resident of Kabilasi, Sarlahi, was elected via 2017 Nepalese provincial elections from Sarlahi 2(B).
Electoral history
2017 Nepalese provincial elections
References
Living people
1977 births
Madhesi people
21st-century Nepalese politicians
Members of the Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province
People's Socialist Party, Nepal politicians |
Jacques Ozanam (16 June 1640, in Sainte-Olive, Ain – 3 April 1718, in Paris) was a French mathematician.
Biography
Jacques Ozanam was born in Sainte-Olive, Ain, France.
In 1670, he published trigonometric and logarithmic tables more accurate than the existing ones of Ulacq, Pitiscus, and Briggs. An act of kindness in lending money to two strangers brought him to the attention of M. d'Aguesseau, father of the chancellor, and he secured an invitation to settle in Paris. There he enjoyed prosperity and contentment for many years. He married, had a large family, and derived an ample income from teaching mathematics to private pupils, chiefly foreigners.
His mathematical publications were numerous and well received. Récréations (published 1694) was later translated into English and is well known today. He was elected a member of the Académie des Sciences in 1701. The death of his wife plunged him into deep sorrow, and the loss of his foreign pupils through the War of the Spanish Succession reduced him to poverty. He died in Paris on April 3, 1718 (frequently cited as 1717 because of an error in "éloge de Fontenelle").
Ozanam was honoured more abroad than at home. He was devout, charitable, courageous, and of simple faith. As a young man he had overcome a passion for gambling. He was wont to say that it was for the doctors of the Sorbonne to dispute, for the pope to decide, and for a mathematician to go to heaven in a perpendicular line.
He also taught Abraham de Moivre.
Selected works
Table des sinus, tangentes, et sécantes (1670)
Methode générale pour tracer des cadrans (1673)
Geometrie pratique (1684)
Traité des lignes du premier genre (1687)
De l'usage du compas (1688)
Dictionnaire mathématique (1691)
Cours de mathématiques (Paris, 1693, 5 vols, tr. into English, London, 1712)
Traité de la fortification (Paris, 1694)
Récréations mathématiques et physiques (1694, 2 vols, revised by Montucla in 1778, 4 vols)
Nouvelle Trigonométrie (1698)
Méthode facile pour arpenter (1699)
Nouveaux Éléments d'Algèbre (1702)
La Géographie et Cosmographie (1711)
La Perspective (1711).
See also
VIII. Formulas for Generating Pythagorean Triples
References
Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle (1790) Eloge de Ozanam, Oeuvres de Fontenelle, Tome 6, p 506, link from Internet Archive.
Sources
Ozanam, Jacques, (1844). Science and Natural Philosophy: Dr. Hutton’s Translation of Montucla’s edition of Ozanam, revised by Edward Riddle, Thomas Tegg, London. Read online- Cornell University
External links
1640 births
1718 deaths
People from Ain
17th-century French mathematicians
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
18th-century French mathematicians |
Marcelino Elena Sierra (born 26 September 1971), known simply as Marcelino, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central defender.
Club career
Sporting and Mallorca
Marcelino was born in Gijón, Asturias, and began his career at local club Sporting de Gijón, where he appeared sporadically with the first team over three seasons before earning a move to RCD Mallorca in January 1996. There, he was instrumental in a promotion to La Liga, forming a formidable partnership with Iván Campo in 1997–98 as they finished fifth.
In the following season the Balearic Islands side finished third in the league and lost the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final to S.S. Lazio, with Marcelino featuring the full 90 minutes in the 2–1 defeat.
Newcastle United
In 1999, Marcelino transferred to Newcastle United for £5.8 million after impressing with Mallorca in Spain and Europe. A lot was expected of him at his new team, but he appeared only 20 times (all competitions) for the club in the first year and a half, being placed with the reserve team for the rest of his spell and finally reaching an agreement to leave in January 2003, having not featured for the main squad since 11 February 2001, against Charlton Athletic.
Marcelino also suffered several different injuries during his time with the Magpies, which stuttered his career there. Scans on the affected areas were occasionally declared to be inconclusive, the most serious of his injuries being a snapped finger tendon which prevented him from playing for two months.
Later years
After one and a half seasons in Segunda División with Polideportivo Ejido, Marcelino retired. He subsequently spent two years as Everton's Spanish scout, and also worked as a football commentator for RTVE's Premier League matches.
Marcelino later worked as a football agent.
International career
Marcelino earned five caps for Spain over a seven-month period, the first coming against Italy in Salerno on 18 November 1998. He would play his last international in an UEFA Euro 2000 qualifier rout of San Marino (9–0 home win, 90 minutes played).
Honours
Mallorca
Supercopa de España: 1998
Copa del Rey runner-up: 1997–98
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup runner-up: 1998–99
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Gijón
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Sporting de Gijón B players
Sporting de Gijón players
RCD Mallorca players
Polideportivo Ejido footballers
Premier League players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Spain men's international footballers
Spanish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in England |
Mangaluru Samachara or Mangalooru Samachara which literally means "The news of Mangalore" is the first newspaper published in Kannada. It was produced by a German, Rev. Hermann Friedrich Mögling of the Basel Mission beginning in 1843. The paper was printed using stone slabs, which exist to this day in the Basel Mission Printing Press in Balmatta, Mangalore. It was a very difficult task to publish a newspaper at that time because there was no simple way of communicating news and other written words to the general public.
History
In 1836 a diminutive German arrived on the shores of Mangalore armed with the Bible, seeking to spread the message of the Gospel.
Seven years later, in 1843, the Christian missionary had mastered Kannada well enough to launch Karnataka’s first vernacular newspaper, Mangalura Samachara. With that enterprising leap in journalism, Hermann Frederick Mogling of the Basel Mission, for which Mangalore was the "most important centre" of its work in India, not just propelled 19th century Karnataka into the world of new, the four-page weekly Mangaluru Samachara even published news on Afghanistan - but took the pioneering step in translating several literary works in Kannada into German.
According to Benet G Ammanna of the archives department of the Karnataka Theological College, the newspaper contained eight different aspects that included ‘voora varthamana’ (local news), ‘sarakarada niroopagalu’ (East India Company and its laws and regulations), ‘sarva rajya varthamanagalu’ (state news), ‘nuthanavada ashcharya suddigalu’ (unusual news), ‘anyara nadathegalu’ (mannerisms), ‘subuddigalu’ (good conduct), ‘kathegalu (moral stories and songs of Purandaradasa) and an announcement stating that "anybody can send the news and it will be published if it is true."
See also
List of Kannada-language newspapers
List of Kannada-language magazines
List of newspapers in India
Media in Karnataka
Media of India
References
Kannada-language newspapers
Newspapers published in Karnataka
1843 establishments in British India
Mass media in Mangalore |
Gallant Defender is a 1935 American Western film directed by David Selman and starring Charles Starrett.
Plot
Roving cowboy is involved in struggle between homesteaders and cattle ranchers.
Cast
Charles Starrett as Johnny Flagg
Joan Perry as Barbara McGrail
Harry Woods as Barr Munro
Edward LeSaint as Harvey Campbell (as Edward Le Saint)
Jack Rube Clifford as Sheriff (as Jack Clifford)
Al Bridge as Salty Smith
Georgie Billings as Jimmy McGrail (as George Billings)
George Chesebro as Joe Swale
Sons of the Pioneers as Musicians
See also
List of American films of 1935
External links
1935 films
1930s English-language films
1935 Western (genre) films
American black-and-white films
Columbia Pictures films
American Western (genre) films
Films directed by David Selman
1930s American films |
Glaucocharis cheesmani is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by David E. Gaskin in 1974. It is found on Vanuatu east of Australia.
References
Diptychophorini
Moths described in 1974 |
Brown's Station was a hamlet in the Esopus Valley of southeastern Ulster County, New York, United States. It was submerged by the waters of the Ashokan Reservoir, an artificial lake built between 1906 and 1915 to supply fresh water to New York City.
The easternmost hamlet in the town of Olive, Brown's Station was named for Alfred Brown, a prominent local farmer. In the village and its environs, there were farms, boarding houses, shops, and a telegraph office. Two streams flowed through the village: the Esopus Creek and the Beaverkill Creek, which merged, at the downhill end of the village, retaining the name, Esopus Creek. Brown's Station was a popular spot, especially for vacationers from New York City, who would come to swim in the creeks, and to enjoy rafting (using rubber inner tubes), boating, and fishing.
The village was served by the Ulster and Delaware Railroad; the railroad depot called Brown's Station, which lent the hamlet its name, was one of the busiest passenger and freight depots in the Esopus Valley. The depot at Brown's Station was an instrument of its own demise; shipments of cement were transported there for use in the construction of the Ashokan Reservoir.
Having already impounded part of the nearby Croton River and most of its tributaries, agents of the City of New York surveyed a number of places to build another reservoir. Eventually, they decided to flood the Esopus Valley. They started building the dam in 1906, using Rosendale cement, a high-quality hydraulic cement produced at Rosendale in the central part of Ulster County. When the dam was completed in 1912, the sluice was closed and water flooded the valley, a process which was completed in 1915. The buildings of Brown's Station had either been moved or abandoned.
Although Brown Station was flooded, some homes retained the town as their address. In the 1950s, letters to Paula Cohen, a nearby resident, were still addressed to Brown Station.
Referenced
See also
Brodhead's Bridge Railroad Station
Submerged settlements in the United States
History of Ulster County, New York |
Jonathon Jason Kingsley (born December 1964) is a British businessman. He is the co-founder and CEO of video game developer Rebellion Developments.
Background
Kingsley was born in Osgathorpe, Leicestershire. He attended Loughborough Grammar School and then Wyggeston and Queen Elizabeth I College. He read zoology at St John's College, Oxford.
Kingsley established the company Rebellion Developments in 1992 with his brother Chris. Kingsley is also the chairman of The Independent Game Developers' Association (TIGA). In 2012, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for service to the economy.
In 2017, Kingsley launched a medieval history YouTube channel called Modern History TV, of which he is the creator, producer, writer, and presenter, along with his brother Chris Kingsley, and senior producer Brian Jenkins, under the banner of Rebellion Productions.
References
1964 births
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
British chief executives
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from North West Leicestershire District
Video game businesspeople |
VARO Energy (VARO) is an energy company headquartered in Zug, Switzerland. It operates in manufacturing, storage and distribution, marketing and trading, with businesses in biofuels, green hydrogen, biomethane & bio-LNG, nature-based carbon removals and e-mobility. The company is focused on the Benelux countries, Germany, France and Switzerland. VARO Energy’s shareholders include the global Investment firm, Carlyle Group and the global energy and commodities company Vitol. The company CEO is Dev Sanyal.
VARO owns a manufacturing hub in Cressier, Switzerland, a majority share in the Bayernoil manufacturing hub, Southern Germany, as well as storage facilities, distribution and marketing businesses in Benelux, France, Germany and Switzerland. The company also owns a 59.8% stake in SilviCarbon, a global leader in nature-based Carbon Dioxide Removals (CDRs) and 67.9% share in Road, an EV charging platform provider.
History
2012
VARO Energy was created with an acquisition of the Cressier refinery in Switzerland, from Petroplus, alongside marketing and storage activities.
It was established as a joint venture between the commodity trader Vitol (75%) and Atlas Invest (25%), a financial holding company owned by the leading energy investor, Marcel van Poecke, who remains the Chairman of VARO Energy.
2013
VARO Energy’ shareholder base was restructured; in place of Atlas Invest, the financial investor Carlyle takes a 50 percent stake
In Germany, VARO acquired Petrotank and Vitol Marketing Germany.
2014
VARO became the owner of 45% of the Bayernoil refinery in Germany through the acquisition of shares held by OMV Deutschland GmbH in Bayernoil Raffineriegesellschaft GmbH and other downstream assets owned by OMV Deutschland GmbH.
The company acquired Total’s heating oil business and general trade business in Switzerland (Huiles Minérales, Mazol, Portales & Bonnet CH). The purchased assets include tank storage facilities in Eclépens near Lausanne and Total’s entire end customer distribution and sales network for domestic heating oil and diesel in Switzerland.
Roger Brown is appointed Chief Executive Officer of VARO.
2015
VARO invested over 50 million Swiss Francs in the Cressier refinery, the most significant investment in the site’s history, allowing it to remain competitive in the long term. The investment is focused on safety, asset integrity and growth, with projects including a partial conversion of the refinery’s energy sourcing to natural gas, a cleaner source of energy, and technical upgrades to allow for the production of gasoline containing up to 5% ethanol produced from renewable sources.
VARO acquired the German wholesale distributors Marol and Gekol.
VARO merged with Dutch-based company Argos leading to gaining full ownership of Rhytank AG, located in Switzerland. Reggeborgh, a private Dutch investment company, enters as a third shareholder with 1/3 participation each.
The company purchased bunkering activities from Vitol in Germany.
2016
The company took full control over two tank storage terminals in the Netherlands: Hydrocarbon Hotel and Enviem Terminal.
VARO expanded its inland bunkering activities by acquiring Fiwado B.V. in the Netherlands.
2017
VARO acquired 100% of shares of Inter Oil B.V., a holding company, expanding retail activities in the Netherlands by gaining the brand names Brand Oil and Amigo.
The company acquired the assets of Schneider Mineralöl Meissen GmbH. (retail and direct sales) in Saxony.
VARO expanded its retail network in the Netherlands with the purchase of United Fuel Group B.V. gaining additional fuel stations.
Hydrocarbon Hotel Tankstorage Terminal, purchased in 2016, is sold to Global Petro Storage.
The former Petrotank terminal situated in Hanau in Germany is sold to Adolf Roth GmbH & Co. KG.
2018
VARO purchased Van den Belt gaining several fuel stations in the process.
VARO acquired Gerber Energie GmbH & retail sites from Wengel & Dettelbacher, and the terminal in Brugges, Belgium.
2019
VARO acquired 100% of the shares in SMD Beheer BV, a Calpam-group company, adding 19 Calpam branded stations to its Dutch retail network.
2020
VARO added an additional 6.4% to its stake in Bayernoil, making the company the majority stakeholder with 51.4%.
2021
Carlyle completes an acquisition of the stake in VARO to hold 66.66% of shares in the company.
VARO completed the purchase of 51% of shares in SilviCarbon.
As of October 1, VARO gains a 67.9% share in E-Flux.
2022
Dev Sanyal is appointed Chief Executive Officer of VARO Energy.
VARO and Group E announced the plan to build the most powerful ground-mounted solar facility in Switzerland, in Cressier.
VARO Energy & GPS Group announced the completion of an integrated biofuels facility in the port of Amsterdam.
VARO announced a new strategy to invest 3.5 billion and help customers meet net zero.
2023
VARO Energy announces the acquisition of 80% of the shares in Bio Energy Coevorden BV (BEC) in The Netherlands, one of the largest biogas manufacturers in Europe.
VARO Energy and Deutsche Lufthansa AG sign a Memorandum of Understanding to explore the production and supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel.
VARO Energy increases its shareholding in E-Flux to 67.9% and commits significant investment for new market entry in France, Italy, Spain and the UK, and market expansion in Germany.
VARO Energy acquires 100% of the share capital in Renewable Energy Services (RES), one of Europe’s leading biogas trading companies, and expands biogas trading capabilities across 10 European countries.
VARO Energy announces its plan to invest $600m to build a major Sustainable Aviation Fuel manufacturing facility in Rotterdam, which will meet up to 7% of the EU's 2030 SAF target.
VARO Energy, Groupe E and CSEM commissioned Switzerland's largest ground-mounted solar power facility, in Cressier and connected a district heating network using excess heat from the Cressier manufacturing hub.
Sustainability
In July 2022 VARO announced a commitment to be Net Zero by 2040 as a key part of its strategy to become the energy transition partner of choice. According to its twin-engine strategy, VARO’s five strategic growth pillars are: Advanced Biofuels; Biomethane & Bio-LNG; Green Hydrogen; E-mobility; Nature-based Carbon Removals.
References
energy companies of Switzerland
Swiss companies established in 2012
Companies based in the canton of Zug |
The corset is a supportive undergarment for women, dating, in Europe, back several centuries, evolving as fashion trends have changed and being known, depending on era and geography, as a pair of bodies, stays and corsets. The appearance of the garment represented a change from people wearing clothes to fit their bodies to changing the shape of their bodies to support and fit their fashionable clothing.
A "pair of bodies" or stays, the supportive garments that predated corsets, first became popular in sixteenth-century Europe, with corsets reaching the zenith of its popularity in the Victorian era. While the corset has typically been worn as an undergarment, it has occasionally been used as an outer-garment; stays as outer-garments can be seen in the national dress of many European countries.
Etymology
The English word corset is derived from the Old French word corps and the diminutive of body, which itself derives from corpus—Latin for body. The term "corset” was in use in the late 14th century, from the French "corset" which meant "a kind of laced bodice." The meaning of it as a "stiff supporting so constricting undergarment for the waist, worn chiefly by women to shape the figure," dates from 1795. The term "stays" was frequently used in English circa 1600 until the early twentieth century, and was used interchangeably with corset in the Renaissance.
Before the 16th century
The earliest known representation of a possible corset appears on a figurine from Minoan art made circa 1600 BCE. The article of clothing depicted might be perceived as a corset, but is worn as an outer garment, and leaves the breasts exposed.
Corsets have been used for centuries among certain tribes of the Caucasus: Circassians and Abkhaz. They were used to "beautify" women and also to ensure modesty. Corsets were laced tightly with as many as fifty laces, and had to be worn from childhood until the wedding night. When the marriage was consummated, a groom had to slowly and carefully undo each lace to demonstrate self-control.
16th and 17th centuries
For most of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries corsets were known, in English, as bodies or stays. These garments could be worn as under or outer wear. The women of the French court saw this corset as "indispensable to the beauty of the female figure."
Early pairs of bodies were typically made out of layered fabrics like linen and silk, stiffened with starch, and were not tightly laced as it was impossible to do so in this era without damaging your expensive and ridiculously time-consuming to make, bust support garment. While a few surviving bodies/stay exist that are structured with steel or iron, these are generally considered to have been either orthopedic or novelty constructions and were not worn as part of mainstream fashion, although some dress historians believe that they were not worn at all.
By the end of the sixteenth century, bodies were commonly worn garment among the elites of Europe. The garments gradually began to incorporate the use of a "busk," a long, flat piece of whalebone or wood sewn into a casing on the corset in order to maintain its stiff shape. The front of the corset was typically covered by a "stomacher," a stiff, V-shaped structure that was worn on the abdomen for decorative purposes.
In the Elizabethan era, whalebone (baleen) was frequently used in corsets so bodices could maintain their stiff appearance. A busk, typically made of wood, ivory, metal, or whalebone, was added to stiffen the front of the bodice. It was then carved and shaped into a thin knife shape and inserted into the Elizabethan bodice, then fastened and held into place by laces, so that the busk could be easily removed and replaced.
18th and early 19th centuries
The most common type of corset in the 1700s was an inverted conical shape, often worn to create a contrast between a rigid quasi-cylindrical torso above the waist and heavy full skirts below. The primary purpose of 18th-century stays was to raise and shape the breasts, tighten the midriff, support the back, improve posture to help a woman stand straight, with the shoulders down and back, and only slightly narrow the waist, creating a "V" shaped upper torso over which the outer garment would be worn; however, "jumps" of quilted linen were also worn instead of stays for informal situations. Deriving from the French word jupe, which in the eighteenth century referred to a short jacket, jumps were only partially boned and padded with cotton to provide support for the breasts while not being restrictive. Jumps were made of silk, cotton, or linen and often embroidered. Jumps fastened over the breasts with ties such as silk ribbons, buttons, and sometimes, metal hooks. Both garments were considered undergarments, and would be seen only under very limited circumstances. Well-fitting eighteenth-century corsets were quite comfortable, did not restrict breathing, and allowed women to work, although they did restrict bending at the waist, forcing one to protect one's back by lifting with the legs.
Transition to the Victorian
By the 1830s, steel stays had begun to replace the classic whalebone. The diarist Emily Eden recorded that she had to obtain a silver "husk" before accompanying her brother to India because a humid climate rusted the usual steel and spoilt the garment. In 1839, a Frenchman by the name of Jean Werly made a patent for women's corsets made on the loom. This type of corset was popular until 1890: when machine-made corsets gained popularity. As seen in various fashion advertisements of the era, the common corset cost one dollar ($1). Before this, all corsets were handmade - and, typically, home-made.
The Victorian corset
Late 19th century
For dress reformists of the late 1800s, corsets were a dangerous moral ‘evil’, promoting promiscuous views of female bodies and superficial dalliance into fashion whims. They exaggerated health risk, claiming that they could remove ribs or rearrange internal organs and compromised fertility; weakness and general depletion of health were also blamed on excessive corsetry. With fashion being the only way many women could express themselves, men did what they could to discourage it. Eventually, the reformers' and male critique of the corset joined a throng of voices clamoring against tightlacing. Though it wasn't common, the horror stories of the women who did often tightlace angered enough people as the 19th century progressed. Preachers inveighed against tightlacing, doctors counseled patients against it.
American women active in the anti-slavery and temperance movements, with experience in public speaking and political agitation, demanded sensible clothing that would not restrict their movement. While support for fashionable dress contested that corsets maintained an upright, ‘good figure’, as a necessary physical structure for moral and well-ordered society, these dress reformists contested that women’s fashions were not only physically detrimental but “the results of male conspiracy to make women subservient by cultivating them in slave psychology.” They believed a change in fashions could change the whole position of women, allowing for greater social mobility, independence from men and marriage, the ability to work for wages, as well as physical movement and comfort.
In 1873 Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward wrote:
The Edwardian corset
Post-Edwardian long line corset
From 1908 to 1914, the fashionable narrow-hipped and narrow-skirted silhouette necessitated the lengthening of the corset at its lower edge. A new type of corset covered the thighs and changed the position of the hip, making the waist appear higher and wider. The new fashion was considered uncomfortable, cumbersome, and required the use of strips of elastic fabric. The development of rubberized elastic materials in 1911 helped the girdle replace the corset.
After World War I
Shortly after the United States' entry into World War I in 1917, the U.S. War Industries Board asked women to stop buying corsets to free up metal for war production. This step liberated some 28,000 tons of metal, enough to build two battleships.
However, these garments were better known as girdle with the express purpose of reducing the hips in size. A return to waist nipping corsets in 1939 caused a stir in fashion circles but World War II ended their return. In 1952, a corset known as 'The Merry Widow' was released by Warner's. Initially, the Merry Widow was a trademark of the famous Maidenform company, which designed it for Lana Turner's role in a 1952 movie of the same name. The Merry Widow differed from earlier corsets in that it separated the breasts, whereas corsets had held them together. Both the Merry Widow and girdles remained popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. However, in 1968 at the feminist Miss America protest, protestors symbolically threw a number of feminine products into a "Freedom Trash Can." These included girdles and corsets, which were among items the protestors called "instruments of female torture".
See also
References
Further reading
Sorge-English, Lynn, Stays and Body Image in London: The Staymaking Trade, 1680–1810 (Pickering & Chatto, 2014)
Steele, Valerie, The Corset: A Cultural History (Yale University Press, 2001)
Vincent, Susan, The Anatomy of Fashion: Dressing the Body from the Renaissance to Today (Berg, 2009)
Corsets
Corsets
Corsets
Corsets
Corsets
corsetry
Corsets |
Fargate is a pedestrian precinct and shopping area in Sheffield, England. It runs between Barker's Pool and High Street opposite the cathedral. It was pedestrianised in 1973.
Fargate also holds a Continental Market approximately 4 times a year, which includes European stalls selling cheeses, confectionery, clothing, plants and crafts including jewellery and ornaments.
History
Joseph Woolhouse, in his "A Description of the Town of Sheffield", written in 1832 while the cholera was raging in Sheffield:
More recently, the street was home to Sheffield Assay Office.
Coles Corner
The corner at bottom the end of Fargate (opposite the cathedral) is known locally as Coles Corner. It was a famous meeting point in the city named after the Cole Brothers department store that occupied the building before it moved in 1963 to Barker's Pool (on the plot originally occupied by the Albert Hall cinema, which burnt down in 1937)
The Fargate site is now home to a modern building, which currently houses Pret a Manger, Starbucks Coffee, Vodafone and The Carphone Warehouse. A plaque has been erected in memory of the old Cole Brothers store. The location was immortalised by Richard Hawley's album and song.
Carmel House
In November 2005, the University of Sheffield´s archaeological consultancy, ARCUS, unearthed a medieval well of over three metres in depth in the sandstone bedrock beneath Carmel House on Fargate. The Sheffield city centre site was being excavated as part of a redevelopment project.
Pottery found in the well suggested that it was in use by 1300 AD, and had been filled in around the time of the English Civil War. Medieval pots included jugs made in the Hallgate area of nearby Doncaster and other items from the Humber Estuary.
This discovery was said to offer significant evidence relating to the medieval town of Sheffield, still a small market town, before its growth during the subsequent Industrial Revolution. Dating of the well indicates that it was probably dug around the time of the rebuilding of Sheffield Castle in stone, in 1270, and the granting of Sheffield's Market Charter by Edward I in 1296.
Due to the conditions in the well, animal bones and plant remains (possibly including microscopic pollen grains) were preserved and analysed by the University's Department of Archaeology laboratories.
In February 2005, Sheffield City Council's Executive Director of Development and Leisure had commented, "Carmel House, at the junction of Fargate and Norfolk Row is an imposing Victorian stone fronted Grade II listed building which, together with the adjoining terrace of attractive Georgian brick properties, is almost completely empty and is in need of refurbishment. Full planning permission was granted in January 2004 for a comprehensive scheme which will involve creating four new modern retail units by demolishing the existing buildings behind the retained façade."
The Council's Conservation Advisory Group "regretted that its advice regarding the development of Carmel House had not been taken into account and it wondered whether Carmel House would be liable to be removed from the List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, in view of the extent of demolition which had taken place."
Goodwin Fountain
The Goodwin Fountain stood on Fargate from 1961 to 1998. It was paid for by a donation by industrialist Sir Stuart Goodwin and his wife, and was originally dedicated to Alderman James Sterling, but the informal name stuck and was eventually made official. It was replaced by a new fountain, bearing the same name, in the nearby Peace Gardens.
Ferris wheel
The Wheel of Sheffield was a tall Ferris wheel assembled on Fargate in mid-July 2009 in ten days and remained at the top of the pedestrian street until January 2010. It had 42 gondolas, each capable of carrying up to eight people.
References
Sheffield City Centre
Streets in Sheffield
Tourist attractions in Sheffield |
Wara is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nozdrzec, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Nozdrzec, north-east of Brzozów, and south-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
References
Wara |
José Orlando Benítez (born 28 February 1990) is a tennis player from Paraguay. Benítez was member of the 2011 Paraguay Davis Cup team.
Sources
External links
1990 births
Living people
Paraguayan male tennis players
Tennis players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Paraguay
21st-century Paraguayan people |
Louise Thérèse Blouin (born 1958/59) is a Canadian magazine publisher. She is owner of Louise Blouin Media, which she founded.
Biography
Blouin was born in the suburbs of Montreal, in Quebec, Canada, the sixth child of parents who owned an insurance brokerage. Her father died when she was fifteen. She studied commerce at McGill University, and later transferred to Concordia University. She did not graduate. She worked as a stock analyst and as a stockbroker.
In the early 1980s, Blouin married David MacDonald Stewart, a member of the Canadian MacDonald tobacco family. The marriage was annulled within a year.
Blouin later married John MacBain and the couple acquired Auto Hebdo, a classified car trading magazine, in 1987. The business grew into Trader Classified Media. Although the couple separated in 2000, Blouin did not sell her remaining shareholding until 2004. After the separation she became chief executive of the London auction house Phillips de Pury, owned by her new companion Simon de Pury; in December 2002, after a year, she resigned. She started Louise Blouin Media in 2003, and moved into art publications.
In 2005 Blouin started the Louise T. Blouin Foundation, an international organisation for creativity and the arts. In October 2006 the foundation opened the Louise T. Blouin Institute in Shepherd's Bush in west London.
Blouin married Mathew Kabatoff, who worked for the Louise Blouin Foundation, in France in June 2011.
In 2016, her name appeared in the Panama Papers as registered owner of five companies in the British Virgin Islands. She commented, "I didn't even know. . . It is not relevant. It is not because you are in the Panama list that you did something wrong. You are the one informing me about that. You can't assume everyone with a BVI [company] has done something wrong".
Blouin lives in Switzerland.
Recognition
In 1993 Blouin was one of approximately 200 "Global Leaders of Tomorrow" listed by the World Economic Forum, a Swiss foundation.
References
1950s births
Living people
Harvard Business School people
Canadian art collectors
Women art collectors
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian philanthropists
Canadian women in business
People named in the Panama Papers
Canadian women philanthropists |
Harald Geisler is an artist known for his typographic projects about the role of writing in society. He was born 1980 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and graduated in 2009 at the University of Art and Design Offenbach am Main.
In 2009 Geisler started creating typefaces and since then released 28 typefaces. With an emphasis on handwriting he developed a method to design fonts that focuses on movement rather than outlines. In 2013 while drawing a font based on Sigmund Freud's manuscripts he started to store multiple versions of each letter in the font instead of fixed ligatures, and created a technique called polyalphabetic substitution that would alter between multiple versions of each letter based on the surrounding letters. This means that when a typist types, the ligatures in each word change so that they are not overused, giving the writing a more realistic look. The technique was based on the rotating barrels of an Enigma encryption machine.
His work is controversially discussed among designers and aims to engage a wider audience in a discourse about typography. His projects are often financed through crowdfunding.
Typefaces
Sigmund Freud Typeface
The idea of the Sigmund Freud typeface is inspired by imagining a person writing a letter to his or hers shrink in Sigmund Freud's handwriting. It is based on eight handwritten documents from 1883 to 1938 selected from the archive of the Sigmund Freud Museum Vienna. in 2015 the font was used in the Times, replacing Times New Roman font in a headline of an article discussing the value of handwriting.
Albert Einstein Font
The Albert Einstein Font is based on Albert Einstein's handwriting. The font holds five variations of each letter that are based on manuscripts from the Albert Einstein Archives in Jerusalem. The letters were recreated using a digital pen to reconstruct the original movement that was used to create them. The project was supported by the Albert Einstein Estate and the production of the font was funded through a Kickstarter Campaign supported by 2334 Backers.
Conspired Lovers
Conspired Lovers is based on Geisler's own handwriting. The design of the font is inspired by love-letter writing.
Notable works
Pen-pals Project
The Pen-pals Project was a historic reenactment of the letter exchange between Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud in 1932, discussing the possibility to "free mankind from the menace of war". In 2017, commemorating the 85th anniversary of the exchange, Geisler reproduced and send the letters from the same location and time of year. Supporters of the project on the crowdfunding platform Kickstarter received copies of the letters or addressed copies to politicians.
Typographic Wall Calendar
The Typographic Wall Calendar is a poster series about the notation of time. It is compiled of the number of used keyboard keys that enumerate the year, laid out in a grid and read from left to right. The first print of the series was produced in 2009.
Typographic Postcards
Started as a spin off from the Typographic Wall Calendar Series and since then produced 28 typographic cards based on the topic of writing.
Publications
Designing Programmes
In collaboration with Karl Gerstner, Geisler created in 2007 an updated version of Gerstner's "Designing Programmes" form 1964.
See also
Albert Einstein in popular culture#In typography
References
German typographers and type designers
21st-century German artists
Artists from Frankfurt
German male artists
1980 births
Living people |
Beyrichoceras is a genus belonging to the goniatitid family Muensteroceratidae, a group of ammonoids, extinct shelled cephalopods related to belemnites and recent coleoids and more distantly to the nautiloids
Description
Beyrichoceratoides has a smooth involute discoidal shell with a very narrow umbilicus, non-crenulate biconvex growth lines, and well-developed ventro-lateral salients and deep hyponomic sinus. The ventral lobe of the suture is moderately narrow and straight sided; bifurcated with short prongs separated by a low median saddle. The first lateral and umbilical lobes are like those of Beyrichoceras, broad and V-shaped, only the first lateral one is more symmetrical in Beyrichoceratoides. The internal dorsal and flanking lobes are also like those of Beyrichoceras but with the flanking lobes set relatively further apart.
Derivation and taxonomy
Beyrichoceratoides was derived from Muensteroceras near the beginning of the Carboniferous (early Mississippian) and is included in the Muesteroceratidae, a family assigned to the Goniatitid superfamily Pericyclaceae.
Beyrichoceratoides was named by Bisat in 1924, based on Goniatites implicatus Phillips, 1836. Schindewolf, 1951, considered Beyrichoceratoides equivalent to Münsteroceras Hyatt 1884 as also presented in the Treatise Part L, 1957. Ruzhentsev, 1960, considered Beyrichoceratoide a distinct genus as do Korn 2006 and Nikolaeva 2008.
Distribution and range
Beyrichoceratoides has been found in the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian). of Great Britain
Paleoecology
Beyrichoceratoides has been described as a "fast-moving nektonic carnivore". However, its somewhat globular discoidal form suggest a small stalking or hovering nektonic or nekto-benthic ambush predator capable of sudden swift movements to either grab prey or escape predation. As with all known cephalopods, Beyrichoceratoides was undoubtedly carnivorous.
References
Goniatitida genera
Pericyclaceae
Mississippian ammonites
Ammonites of Europe |
Gaydar is a 2002 American short comedy film directed by Larry LaFond, written by LaFond and by Terry Ray and Larry Lafond. The film stars Terry Ray, Bryan Dattilo (from Days of Our Lives), Jennifer Echols, and Jim J. Bullock, and also features Charles Nelson Reilly in his last movie appearance.
Production
Gaydar was filmed in West Hollywood, California.
Plot
Randy (Terry Ray) has a crush on a fellow office worker, Jack (Bryan Dattilo). Randy's friend from the next booth over, Frankalina (Jennifer Echols) also has a big crush on Jack, but does not know whether he's gay or straight. Randy comes across a "GAYDAR gun" at a yard sale put on by former partner of Maurice (Jim J. Bullock) which might just put an end to this mystery.
Cast
Terry Ray as Randy
Bryan Dattilo as Jack
Jennifer Echols as Frankalina
Jim J. Bullock as Maurice's Ex
Charles Nelson Reilly as Uncle Vincent
Thomas Cagle as Dewayne
Rachel Winfree as Mary Kay
Reception
The film has "appeared in over 120 film festivals around the world and won numerous awards."
Awards and nominations
2003, won Grand Jury Award for 'Best Narrative Short Comedy' at Bare Bones International Film Festival
2003, won Best Short Comedy Film' at Cinequest San Jose Film Festival
2003, won 'Bronze Plaque Award'for Entertainment' at Columbus International Film & Video Festival
References
External links
Gaydar (film) as originally archived at Wayback Machine - July 11, 2011
Gay Celluloid
2002 films
2002 comedy films
2002 short films
American LGBT-related short films
Gay-related films
American comedy short films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
Sir Tulaga Manuella, GCMG, MBE (born 26 August 1936) is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.
Background
Prior to embarking on a political role, Manuella was previously a civil service accountant and secretary of the Church of Tuvalu.
Governor General of Tuvalu
Manuella was appointed Governor-General of Tuvalu on June 21, 1994, as the representative of Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu. He served in this office until June 26, 1998.
Personal honours
Manuella was appointed to the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George in 1996.
References
1936 births
Living people
Governors-General of Tuvalu
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Tuvaluan Congregationalists
Tuvaluan religious leaders |
The Stockwell Six are a group of black British men who were put on trial for attempted robbery in 1972. Five of them were convicted, but in 2021 the convictions for four of them were overturned.
Arrests
Courtney Harriot, Paul Green and Cleveland Davidson were arrested on the London Underground in February 1972 after travelling from Stockwell tube station. They were aged from 17 to 20 at the time.
Trial
They were tried on charges of assault with intend to rob British Transport Police Detective Sergeant Derek Ridgewell. Ridgewell claimed that Courtney Harriot and his friends has accosted him on an underground train between Stockwell and Oval tube station. Ridgewell claimed that Harriot had snapped fingers at him and said "Give me some bread, man" then produced a knife and said "Your wallet or it's this!".
Ridgewell claimed he then drew his truncheon, then knocked the knife out of Harriot's hand as other undercover officers entered from adjoining compartments. He claimed that Harriot shouted "Fuzz!".
All six defendants pleaded not guilty and testified that the alleged incident had never happened and that they had been arrested at Oval tube station. They testified that police had threatened them, been violent and put words in their mouths.
Verdict
Paul Green was convicted of assault with intent to rob and sent to Borstal. Courtney Harriot was sentenced to three years in prison. Cleveland Davidson, Texo Johnson and Ronald De’Souza were convicted of related offences and Everet Mullins was found not guilty.
Campaigns
In 1973 the BBC television programme Nationwide investigated the case and concluded that Ridgewell's account couldn't be true, as there was not enough time for the events to happen in an Underground stop that took place in less than two minutes.
Ridgewell
Ridgewell was involved in a number of controversial high-profile cases in the early 1970s, until the "Tottenham Court Road Two" were acquitted in 1973. He was then moved into a department investigating mailbag theft where he worked with two criminals to split material stolen from mailbags.
He hid the profits of his crimes in five bank accounts, one in Zurich and a bank deposit box.
He stole over £1m sterling (approx £4m sterling in 2021). Although just a detective sergeant, he owned property and businesses.
Ridgewell was convicted of theft in 1980 and sentenced to seven years.
Convictions overturned
In July 2021 Courtney Harriot, Paul Green and Cleveland Davidson were acquitted at the Royal Courts of Justice. The two other members of the Stockwell Six who were convicted had not then been traced. In November 2021 Texo Johnson‘s conviction was also quashed by the Court of Appeal.
Sir Julian Flaux sat with Mr Justice Linden and Mr Justice Wall and said "It is most unfortunate that it has taken nearly 50 years to rectify the injustice suffered by these appellants.". He added "These appeals are allowed and the convictions are quashed."
The governor of Ford prison asked Ridgewell why he had committed crimes, to which Ridgewell replied "I just went bent".
Aftermath
Cleveland Davidson said after the hearing: "For 50 years, it affected me … I haven’t been the same. My family didn’t believe me, no one believed me because they thought ‘well, you must’ve done something’. We just happened to be at the wrong place at the wrong time with a bad, corrupt police officer." He described Ridgewell as a "corrupt and wicked and evil police officer".
In November 2021, Lucy D'Orsi, the British Transport Police chief constable, apologised to black community in the United Kingdom "for the trauma suffered by the British African community through the criminal actions" of Ridgewell, adding that "In particular, it is of regret that we did not act sooner to end his criminalisation of British Africans, which led to the conviction of innocent people", and said his actions did "not define the BTP of today".
See also
Oval Four – four other men convicted by testimony of Ridgewell and who successfully appealed against their convictions.
References
1972 in England
1972 in British law
2021 in England
2021 in British law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
Overturned convictions in England |
The Porto Alegre Public Market, in downtown Porto Alegre, Brazil, is the city's oldest public market. It also is an important historic landmark and a well-known meeting point, with many coffee shops and restaurants.
The cornerstone was laid on 29 August 1864, and it was constructed over an earlier and smaller market. Frederico Heydtmann designed the building, but his plan was substantially altered and enlarged. The inauguration took place on 3 October 1869. In 1886, 24 small shops were installed in the inner yard.
In 1912, while undergoing renovation, a fire destroyed all the stalls in the inner area. A second floor was added by 1913. The market suffered from a major flood in 1941, and from additional fires in 1976, 1979 and 2013. In the administration of Telmo Thompson Flores, it ran the risk of being demolished, but the outcry led to the reconsideration of the decision.
In 1990 the City administration organized a multidisciplinary team to develop a Restoration Project, which focused on the following goals:
Rescue of the aesthetic quality of the building;
Optimizing supply potentials;
Creation of spaces of sociability.
The works included a modern structure of steel and glass to cover the large area of the inner yard, regained the visual perception of the inner arcades, renewed the internal circulations, created new living spaces, and deployed network infrastructure needed to handle the daily activities of a large and busy market.
The new cover allowed the integration between the ground floor and second floor. The second floor, where there were offices and public offices before, now has several popular establishments such as restaurants, snack bars, and coffee shops. With the works, the market also expanded its number of shops. The inauguration took place on 19 March 1997.
The Public Market is part of the traditions of the city, mainly for its "Banca 40" (an ice cream parlor), its centenary restaurant Gambrinus and one of the most traditional bars in town, the 101 years old Bar Naval (Navy Bar). There are about 109 shops, selling fresh produce and baked goods, locally raised meats and dairy products, and various other food items and also handcrafted goods. There are over 100,000 items for sale.
On 6 July 2013, the Public Market caught fire again. The fire is believed to have started at 20h30 on the upper floor at the corner of Avenida Borges de Medeiros and Júlio de Castilhos. Recent reports say that no people were injured, but 30% of the structure appeared to have burned down.
See also
Architecture of Porto Alegre
Notes
References
Franco, Sérgio da Costa. Guia Histórico de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre: Editora da Universidade (UFRGS)/Prefeitura Municipal, 1988
Buildings and structures in Porto Alegre
Retail markets in Brazil
Tourist attractions in Porto Alegre |
Sportivo Huracán is a Peruvian football club, based in the city of Arequipa, Peru.
The club was founded on January 12, 1927. Sportivo Huracán now plays in the Copa Perú, which is the third division of the Peruvian league after deciding to no longer participate in the Peruvian Segunda División.
History
The club was the 1973 Copa Perú champion, defeating Cienciano, Colegio Nacional Iquitos, and Octavio Espinoza de Ica in the process.
The club once played in the Torneo Descentralizado, the highest level of Peruvian football league, until 1973 when the team opted to move down a division.
In the 2010 Copa Perú, the club classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Alianza Unicachi of Puno in the quarterfinals.
In the 2011 Torneo Intermedio, the club was eliminated by Sport Áncash in the Round of 16.
In the 2011 Copa Perú, the club classified to the National Stage, but was eliminated by Real Garcilaso of Cuzco in the quarterfinals.
It was invited to play in the Peruvian Segunda División from the 2013 season on.
Rivalries
Sportivo Huracán has had a long-standing rivalry with Melgar, Aurora, and Piérola.
Honours
National
Copa Perú:
Winners (1): 1973
Runner-up (2): 1975, 1995
Regional
Región VII:
Winners (3): 2010, 2011, 2012
Liga Departamental de Arequipa:
Winners (12): 1966, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1990, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2018
Runner-up (3): 2010, 2015, 2017
Liga Provincial de Arequipa:
Winners (3): 2003, 2015, 2023
Runner-up (2): 1967, 2017
Liga Superior de Arequipa:
Winners (1): 2010
Liga Distrital de Arequipa:
Winners (3): 2015, 2017, 2018
See also
List of football clubs in Peru
Peruvian football league system
Football clubs in Peru
Association football clubs established in 1927
1927 establishments in Peru |
Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus (died 217) was a Syrian nobleman who had an impressive Roman military and political career.
Background and career
Although Alexianus was a Roman citizen who was born and raised in Emesa (modern Homs, Syria), little is known on his origins. It has been assumed that Alexianus was born in c. 155. What is known about him is from surviving inscriptional and Roman historical evidence. Through marriage he was a relation to the Royal family of Emesa and the ruling Severan dynasty of the Roman Empire.
He was an Equestrian officer serving as a praefectus and tribune in the Roman military, and then as a procurator of the food supply in Rome, being stationed in Ostia.
Later he was promoted to the Senate by the Emperor Septimius Severus, his brother-in-law. Having entered the Senate with the rank of Praetor in 194, Alexianus was made Legatus in the Legio IV Flavia Felix and later served as governor of Raetia, which may be dated to 196/197. During his proconsulship of Raetia, he dedicated an altar to the Emesene God Elagabalus. The altar and its inscription, still intact, mentions him as a priest of the deified Emperor Titus.
Alexianus served as consul in 200, even perhaps as early as 198 or 199. After his consulship, Alexianus was not appointed to further military or political positions, probably due to the enmity of the Praetorian prefect Gaius Fulvius Plautianus. After the death of Plautianus in 205, Alexianus took part in Septimius Severus’ expedition in Britain where he acted as a Comes (Companion) to the emperor from 208 until 211.
Under Septimius Severus’ successor Caracalla, for two years Alexianus served as a Prefect of the Italian orphanages. He served as a Legatus in Dalmatia in c. 214 and later as a Proconsul in Asia and in Mesopotamia. In 216–217, Alexianus became a comes to Caracalla on his campaign against the Parthian Empire. He died from old age on his way to Cyprus, sent there by Caracalla in early 217 to act as an advisor to the Governor.
Marriage and issue
Alexianus married the powerful, influential and rich Syrian noblewoman Julia Maesa, the first daughter of Julius Bassianus, a high priest of the Temple of the Sun. The temple was dedicated to the Syrian Aramaic Sun God El-Gebal (counterpart to the Phoenician Baal) in Emesa. The younger sister of Maesa was Septimius Severus' empress Julia Domna, who was the mother of the emperors Caracalla and Geta.
Maesa bore two distinguished daughters to Alexianus who were born and raised in Syria:
Julia Soaemias Bassiana (c. 180–222)
Julia Avita Mamaea (after 180–235)
Among his grandchildren were the emperors Elagabalus and Severus Alexander.
Severan dynasty family tree
References
Sources
A.R. Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, Routledge, 2002
J. Hazel, Who's who in the Roman World, Psychology Press, 2002
Julius Avitus’ article at ancient library
Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus’ article at Livius.org
Julia Maesa’s article at Livius.org
217 deaths
2nd-century people
2nd-century Romans
3rd-century Romans
Emesene dynasty
Avitus Alexianus, Gaius
Roman governors of Asia
Roman governors of Cyprus
Roman governors of Raetia
Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
Year of birth unknown |
The permanent representative of New Zealand to the United Nations in New York is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative at the headquarters of the United Nations, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission to the United Nations in New York.
The Permanent Delegation is located at the United Nations headquarters in New York City. New Zealand has maintained a resident Permanent Representative to the UN in New York since 1949.
Permanent representatives to the United Nations in New York
Carl Berendsen (1949–52)
Leslie Munro (1952–58)
Foss Shanahan (1958–62)
Frank Corner (1962–67)
Charles Craw (1967–68)
Norm Farrell (1968–69)
John Scott (1969–73)
Malcolm Templeton (1973–78)
Tim Francis (1978–82)
Bryce Harland (1982–85)
David McDowell (1985–88)
Hon. Dame Ann Hercus (1988–90)
Terence O'Brien (1990–93)
Colin Keating (1993–96)
Michael Powles (1996–2001)
Don MacKay (2001–05)
Rosemary Banks (2005–09)
Hon. Jim McLay (2009–15)
Gerard van Bohemen (2015–17)
Craig Hawke (2017–22)
Carolyn Schwalger (2022–present)
See also
List of permanent representatives of New Zealand to the United Nations in Geneva
List of permanent representatives of New Zealand to the United Nations in Vienna
References
United Nations New York, Permanent Representatives from New Zealand to
1
New Zealand |
The New Jersey Volunteers, also known as Jersey Volunteers, "Skinners", Skinner's Corps, and Skinner's Greens (due to their green wool uniform coats), were a British provincial military unit of Loyalists, raised for service by Cortlandt Skinner, during the American Revolutionary War.
Regiment formed in Province of New York
In 1776, American loyalist soldiers, formed the New Jersey Volunteers, which was raised in Province of New York, first, as three battalions and eventually as six, of 500 men each.
Garrison duty
The New Jersey Volunteers saw their first combat at the Battle of Long Island, during the British New York Campaign offensive and following the defeat and flight, of the Patriot forces, was assigned to the initial British garrison, of the occupation army, in New York City.
Campaigns
Brigadier General Cortlandt Skinner conducted regular operations, in the region north of New York City, in Westchester County, New York, between Morrisania and the Croton Rivers, which was known as the "Neutral Ground". Lawlessness and guerrilla warfare occurred between Skinner's "Skinners", marauders and their rivals, the British loyalist raiders, De Lancey's "Cowboys" who, both, stole cattle, looted, and gathered military intelligence, in the New York countryside.
One battalion, of "Skinner's Greens", another nickname, for the loyalist New Jersey Volunteers, because of their green, wool, uniform coats, was later sent to East Florida, assisting in the capture of Savannah, others served in the Battles of Eutaw Springs and King's Mountain, with a detachment, participating in the Siege of Yorktown.
On September 6, 1781, the 3rd Battalion, New Jersey Volunteers, took part in the raid, on New London, Connecticut, commanded by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold and fought at the Battle of Groton Heights.
Regiment disbanded and resettled in British Canada
In 1783, the disbandment of the New Jersey Volunteers regiment, occurred, after the British lost the war, in the loyalist settlement of Digby, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, British Canada.
References
Crary, Catherine S. "Guerrilla Activities of James De Lancey's Cowboys in Westchester County: Conventional Warfare or Self-Interested Freebooting?" In The Loyalist Americans: A Focus on Greater New York. Tarrytown, NY: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1975.
Kemble, Lieut. Col. Stephen. Journals of Lieut. Col. Stephen Kemble, 1773-1789: And British Army Orders: Gen. Sir William Howe, 1775-1778; Gen. Sir Henry Clinton, 1778; and Gen. Daniel Jones, 1778, American Revolutionary series: British accounts of the American Revolution, British accounts of the American Revolution, Volume 16 of Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the year ... New York: Ardent Media, 1972.
Lossing, Benson J. The Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution, 2 vols. Reprint, Rutland, VT.: C. E. Tuttle Co., (1851) 1972.
Shenstone, Susan Burgess. So Obstinately Loyal: James Moody, 1744-1809. Montreal: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2001.
Stryker, William Scudder. "The New Jersey Volunteers" (loyalists) in the Revolutionary War. Trenton, NJ: Naar, Day & Naar, 1887.
Ward, Harry M. Between the Lines: Banditti of the American Revolution. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2002.
External links
Index to New Jersey Volunteers History - The On-Line Institute for Advanced Loyalist Studies
4th Battalion, New Jersey Volunteers, Captain Samuel Hayden's Company, recreated unit
Loyalist military units in the American Revolution |
The West Australian Forest Alliance is an organization made up of a number of Western Australian environmental activist groups concerned with the destruction of old-growth forests in the South West region.
It has published a range of posters and documents. It is a successor to and includes membership of the earlier groups the Campaign to Save Native Forests, South West Forests Defence Foundation, Great Walk Networking, and other member groups of the Conservation Council of Western Australia.
Affiliated groups
The WAFA lists the following member groups (as of May 2023):
Albany Community Environment Centre
Balingup Friends of the Forest
Barrabup Conservation Group
Blackwood Environment Group
Bridgetown-Greenbushes Friends of the Forest
Busselton Dunsborough Environment Centre
Conservation Council of Western Australia
Denmark Environment Centre
Dwellingup Discovery Forest Defenders
Friends of the Earth WA
Friends of Gelorup Corridor
Friends of the Greater Kingston Forest
Friends of Porongurup Ranges
Great Walk Network
Greater Beedelup National Park Society
Jarrahdale Forest Protectors
Margaret River Regional Environment Centre
Nannas For Native Forests
Peel Preservation Group
Quinninup Environmental Documenting
South Coast Environment Group
South West Environment Centre
South-West Forest Defence Foundation
Stop the Forest Losses
Warren Environment Group
Wilderness Society WA
See also
Woodchipping
Newsletter
The Real forest news. Perth, W.A. : Western Australian Forest Alliance, 1992-1995. Ed. 1 (Dec. 1992)-ed. 6 (Feb. 1995).
Forest campaign bulletin. Perth, W.A. : Western Australian Forest Alliance, 1994-
Western Australian forest times. Perth, W.A. : Western Australian Forest Alliance, 1999 irregular
Notes
References
Crawford, Patricia, and Crawford, Ian (2003) Contested country : a history of the Northcliffe area, Western Australia. Nedlands, W.A. : University of Western Australia Press. "The Charles and Joy Stapes South West Region Publications Fund".
Lines, William J. (2006) Patriots : defending Australia's natural heritage St. Lucia, Qld. : University of Queensland Press, 2006.
Schultz, Beth (1997) Giblett Block. - W.A. Forest Alliance outlines the significance of this old growth forest and reasons for its preservation. Great walk news July 1997, p. 1-3,
External links
http://www.wafa.org.au/
Nature conservation in Western Australia
Environmental organisations based in Australia
Forests of Western Australia |
Eubordeta is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae described by Rothschild in 1904.
Species
Eubordeta eichhorni Rothschild, 1904
Eubordeta flammea Jordan, 1912
Eubordeta flammens Bethune-Baker, 1910
References
Geometridae |
Vincent P. Henderson is an English television presenter, actor and street performer. He is known for hosting the Sky Sports Saturday morning show Soccer AM, and the 1996 season of ITV's game show Chain Letters. He made his television debut on the CBBC show Dear Mr. Barker in 1995.
Personal life
He married actress Sophie Aldred on 12 July 1997. They have two sons, Adam and William, who make occasional convention appearances with their mother.
Career
In 1998, he appeared in the Reeltime Pictures video release of Where on Earth Is... Katy Manning Because She'd Really Like to Know as himself. In 2000, he played the role of Mick Thompson in The Fearmonger, a Big Finish Doctor Who audio play, alongside Aldred and McCoy.
Prior to 2008, Henderson presented Off the Rails on Discovery Real Time, where he visited heritage steam railways in Britain, such as the Severn Valley Railway, the North Norfolk Railway and the Colne Valley Railway.
References
External links
English game show hosts
Television presenters from Liverpool
English male voice actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Engine House No. 6 in Wichita, Kansas, at 1300 S. Broadway, is a fire station which was built in 1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.
It is a two-story concrete brick building, in plan, with Tudor Revival-esque features.
It was operational until 1953 when a replacement was built.
References
Fire stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas
National Register of Historic Places in Sedgwick County, Kansas
Tudor Revival architecture in the United States
Fire stations completed in 1909
1909 establishments in Kansas
National Register of Historic Places in Wichita, Kansas |
The 2014 Green Bay Blizzard season was the team's twelfth season as a professional indoor football franchise and fifth in the Indoor Football League (IFL). One of nine teams competing in the IFL for the 2014 season, the Green Bay Blizzard were members of the United Conference. The team played their home games at the Resch Center in the Green Bay suburb of Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin.
The Blizzard began the 2014 season under head coach Chad Baldwin. After the team began the season 0–6, Baldwin was replaced by offensive coordinator Tommie Williams for the remainder of the season.
History
The Blizzard struggled during the 2013 season, replacing head coach Robert Fuller after six games with Chad Baldwin and ending the regular season with a 4–10 record. The team did not qualify for the playoffs but drew an average attendance of 3,812 for their seven regular season games.
After failing to turn reach certain unspecified "financial benchmarks", three of the four principal owners of the team agreed to place the Green Bay franchise for sale in late June 2013. If a new owner was not found by September 1, 2013, the franchise planned to suspend operations for the 2014 IFL season. On September 19, local business people Larry and Kathy Treankler were announced as the new principal owners of the Blizzard with former Green Bay Packers star Ahman Green remaining as a co-owner.
Off-field moves
The team has scheduled a series of promotional events for the 2014 season. These include St. Patrick's Day Hat on March 16, Youth Jersey Night on April 12, Bart Starr Bobblehead Night on May 3, Military Appreciation and Youth Hat Night on May 17, and Receiver Glove Night on May 31.
In mid-April, the team fired head coach Chad Baldwin after the Blizzard lost their first six games of the 2014 season. Baldwin amassed a 3–11 record at Green Bay after taking over from Robert Fuller under similar circumstances the previous season. The team promoted offensive coordinator Tommie Williams to head coach as Baldwin's replacement.
Roster moves
In late January 2014, the Blizzard announced the re-signing of offensive linemen William Maxwell and Tyler Hendrickson plus linebacker Derek Earls for the 2014 season.
Awards and honors
On February 26, 2014, the IFL announced its Week 1 Players of the Week. Honorable Mentions were made for quarterback Taylor Perkins for offense and wide receiver/kick returner Donte Sawyer for special teams play.
On March 12, 2014, the IFL announced its Week 3 Players of the Week. Green Bay Blizzard running back Lucien Walker received an Honorable Mention for offense. On March 19, 2014, the IFL announced its Week 4 Players of the Week. Green Bay Blizzard defensive back James Ackel received an Honorable Mention for defense. On March 26, 2014, the IFL announced its Week 5 Players of the Week. Green Bay Blizzard linebacker Derek Earls received an Honorable Mention for defense.
On April 2, 2014, the IFL announced its Week 6 Players of the Week. Green Bay Blizzard wide receiver Andre London and quarterback Nate Wara each received an Honorable Mention for offense. Wide receiver/kick returner Daron Clark received an Honorable Mention for special teams play. On April 16, 2014, the IFL announced its Week 8 Players of the Week. Green Bay Blizzard running back Lucien Walker received his second Honorable Mention for offense. On April 23, 2014, the IFL announced its Week 9 Players of the Week. Green Bay Blizzard quarterback Nate Wara received an Honorable Mention for offense.
Schedule
Key:
Regular season
♥ Rescheduled from April 26 due to arena scheduling conflicts
Roster
Standings
References
External links
Green Bay Blizzard official website
Green Bay Blizzard official statistics
Green Bay Blizzard at Green Bay Press-Gazette
Green Bay Blizzard seasons
Green Bay Blizzard
Green Bay Blizzard |
Cydia latiferreana, the filbertworm moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was formerly (and sometimes is still) separated in a monotypic genus Melissopus.
It is found in most of North America. The wingspan is about 18 mm. Adults are on wing from July to October depending on the location.
The larvae (filbertworms) feed on the acorns of Quercus alba, Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus rubra and Quercus velutina but are most noted for feeding on hazelnuts, seeds of the genus Corylus, and are a major pest of hazelnut orchards in the Pacific northwest.
References
External links
Bug Guide
Grapholitini
Moths of North America |
Maria di Rohan is a melodramma tragico, or tragic opera, in three acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The Italian libretto was written by Salvadore Cammarano, after Lockroy and Edmond Badon's Un duel sous le cardinal de Richelieu, which had played in Paris in 1832. The story is based on events of the life of Marie de Rohan.
Performance history
The opera premiered at the Kärntnertortheater, Vienna on 5 June 1843. In newer times, it was staged by the Grand Théâtre de Genève in 2001 and by the Donizetti Festival, Bergamo, in 2011. The opera was performed in concert by Opera Rara, London, in 2009 and by Washington Concert Opera in 2018.
Roles
Synopsis
The story of Maria Di Rohan is both simple (the classic love triangle) and complicated. Chalais loves Maria, who has been forced to secretly marry Chevreuse. Chevreuse is in deep trouble, because he has killed a nephew of Richelieu. The opera is divided into three parts: Unfortunate Consequences of Duels; Not Love But Gratitude; Senseless Revenge.
Time: Around 1630
Place: Paris
Act 1
Maria seeks Chalais’ help. Chalais offers it, hoping that Maria will join him, obviously not knowing that she is already married to Chevreuse. Chalais succeeds and Chevreuse is pardoned.
Gondi appears on the scene and insults Maria. Chalais challenges him to a duel, and Chevreuse offers to be the second. Richelieu is suddenly ousted from the court, and Chalais is offered his post. Everything looks great for him, but Maria is terribly worried. Richelieu's demise means that Chevreuse can disclose his marriage without fear. When he points to Maria, Chalais’ world begins to collapse.
Act 2
Chalais writes a love letter to Maria and encloses her portrait. Both are hidden in his desk, to be given to Maria should he perish. He's suddenly visited by Maria who tells him that Richelieu has regained power. She tells Chalais to flee or he will be executed. Chevreuse is heard approaching and Maria hides in an adjoining chamber. Chevreuse tells Chalais that they must leave for the Gondi duel and Chalais says he will follow.
Of course he doesn't follow, but stays to profess his love for Maria and she also admits that she has always and continues to love him. When he finally leaves for the duel, it is too late. Chevreuse has taken his place and is wounded.
Act 3
Chevreuse’s residence
He tells Maria and Chalais that he will arrange to have Chalais escape from the city. Chalais leaves, and again, everything looks good at first, but disaster strikes. Chalais’ letter and Maria's portrait are discovered by one of the courtiers in Chalais’ desk. Chalais tells Maria about the letters and she says all is lost. Once again she tells him to flee through a secret passage, and he does, but tells her he will return if she does not follow him within an hour. Maria sings a prayer, Havvi un Dio che in sua clemenza.
The courtier gives the letter and portrait to Chevreuse and he is alternatively nostalgic and enraged. He confronts Maria and vows revenge. Suddenly Chalais returns for Maria through the secret passage. In a final trio Maria pleads for Chevreuse to kill her, Chalais says he doesn't fear death, and Chevreuse thunders that Chalais’ death is imminent. He gives Chalais a dueling pistol and the two race out. A shot is heard. Chevreuse is furious because Chalais has committed suicide. He throws the letter and portrait to the floor before Maria and cries out La vita coll’infamia A te, donna infidel / "Life with infamy to you, faithless woman".
Note: Donizetti wrote a culminating cabaletta for Maria, but crossed it out, preferring to end the opera in a distinctly non-bel canto, but highly dramatic manner.
Recordings
References
Bibliography
Allitt, John Stewart (1991), Donizetti: in the light of Romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr, Shaftesbury: Element Books, Ltd (UK); Rockport, MA: Element, Inc.(United States)
Ashbrook, William (1982), Donizetti and His Operas, Cambridge University Press.
Ashbrook, William (1998), "Donizetti, Gaetano" in Stanley Sadie (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. One. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc.
Ashbrook, William and Sarah Hibberd (2001), in Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam. . pp. 224 – 247.
Black, John (1982), Donizetti’s Operas in Naples, 1822—1848. London: The Donizetti Society.
Loewenberg, Alfred (1970). Annals of Opera, 1597-1940, 2nd edition. Rowman and Littlefield
Osborne, Charles, (1994), The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press.
Sadie, Stanley, (Ed.); John Tyrell (Exec. Ed.) (2004), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 2nd edition. London: Macmillan. (hardcover). (eBook).
Weinstock, Herbert (1963), Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, New York: Pantheon Books.
External links
Donizetti Society (London) website
Italian libretto
Italian-language operas
Operas by Gaetano Donizetti
1843 operas
Operas
Operas set in Paris
Operas based on plays |
Eduardo Jiménez may refer to:
Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, Uruguayan jurist
Eduardo Jiménez (baseball), Venezuelan baseball pitcher
Eduardo Jiménez (volleyball), Mexican volleyball player
Eduardo Jiménez (sport shooter), Spanish sports shooter |
Mark Jay Meckler (born March 10, 1962) is an American political activist, attorney, and business executive. He currently serves as President of Citizens for Self-Governance and Convention of States Action, and is an active proponent of a convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution. Meckler was a co-founder of the Tea Party Patriots before resigning from the organization in 2012. From February through May 2021, Meckler served as the interim CEO of social media platform Parler.
Early life, education, and early career
Meckler was born in Southern California and grew up in Northridge, in the San Fernando Valley. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from San Diego State University, and in 1988 he received a J.D. degree from the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law.
In the early 1990s, he moved to Nevada County, California, where he and his wife opened a coffeehouse in Nevada City. After selling the cafe in 1997, he started a company that made equipment for the snow-skiing industry. For several years Meckler and his wife also worked together as distributors for Herbalife, where they qualified for the "president's team" of top sellers. Meckler next established a law practice focused on business law. He eventually specialized in Internet advertising law and worked as counsel for Unique Leads and Unique Lists, two closely related online marketing operations. In 2007, he worked with Opt-In Movement to create a list-generation firm that catered to political campaigns.
Political activism
Tea Party movement
Following a call for protests from CNBC Business News editor Rick Santelli and others, Meckler and his family began promoting the idea of a Tea Party protest in Sacramento, California, on February 27, 2009. They arrived at the planned protest location with homemade signs, but without an event permit, which they had to apply for on the spot. Approximately 150 people participated, and Meckler began planning further protests, which led him to make contact with other activists in the burgeoning Tea Party movement. Meckler co-founded the Tea Party Patriots organization in March 2009, along with Rob Neppell, Jenny Beth Martin and Amy Kremer. The organization became one of the largest in the Tea Party movement.
As a spokesperson for the Tea Party Patriots, Meckler was often quoted by journalists in articles about the Tea Party movement. Meckler was outspoken about the Tea Party being a grassroots movement and independent from traditional political parties. He said the movement was "neither left nor right", but consisted of "people of common sense who coalesce around the principles of fiscal responsibility, constitutionally limited government and free markets." He criticized the Tea Party Express organization for being too closely aligned with the Republican Party. Meckler condemned radio personality Mark Williams, then chairman of the Tea Party Express, as "vile" and "racist" after Williams made blog posts about the NAACP that were criticized as racially insensitive.
Meckler and Martin co-authored a book, Tea Party Patriots: The Second American Revolution, which was published in February 2012. Shortly after the book was published, Meckler resigned from the Tea Party Patriots, citing differences with Martin and other board members over how the organization was being managed. On The Dylan Ratigan Show, Meckler said, "The organization had been doing things that associated it with the Republican party. I'm not a Republican, and a large number of people in the Tea Party movement—40%—aren't Republicans. So when they sponsored the Southern Republican Leadership Conference to the tune of $250,000, really it was kind of the final blow for me."
In September 2015, Meckler wrote an article for The Hill noting his satisfaction with Republican John Boehner's resignation from his position as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. Meckler wrote that "Boehner had a long history of selling out the American people" and "America deserves better."
Citizens for Self-Governance
Meckler founded the organization Citizens for Self-Governance (CSG) to "focus on broadening the philosophical reach of the idea of 'self-governance' outside of the Tea Party movement". In April 2012, Meckler became an adviser to the Campaign for Primary Accountability, a SuperPAC.
Through his work with CSG, Meckler has helped to file a class action lawsuit against the Internal Revenue Service, alleging violations under the Privacy Act as well as violations of constitutional rights guaranteeing free expression and equal protection under the law. The lawsuit stemmed from IRS targeting of conservative groups for more scrutiny as they applied for tax-exempt status. In March 2016, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit made a unanimous ruling rebuking the IRS and giving the agency two weeks to produce the names of organizations it targeted based on their political leanings.
Meckler has also been an active proponent of a convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution.
After Marco Rubio endorsed CSG's plans for a convention of states to propose amendments, Meckler said he was glad to see the Convention of States Project "enter the mainstream of presidential politics."
In September 2016, CSG held a simulated convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution in Williamsburg, Virginia. Of the simulation, Meckler said: "People from all states gathered, proposed six amendments and ran a simulated convention. It has never been done before in American history. The point was proof of concept." Meckler said an Article V convention would have three focuses, including imposing financial restraints on the federal government, limiting the power and jurisdiction of the federal government, and imposing term limits on officials and members of Congress.
Parler
Meckler sits on the executive committee of Parler, an American alt-tech microblogging and social networking service popular with supporters of former President Donald Trump. On February 15, 2021, Parler announced that Meckler was interim CEO of the company, after the board fired the previous CEO and Parler founder John Matze. George Farmer took over Parler from Meckler in May 2021.
Personal life
Meckler is married and has two children.
In December 2011, Meckler attempted to check in a hand gun prior to a flight departing from New York's LaGuardia Airport. He was arrested and charged with second degree criminal possession of a weapon. Meckler had a permit to carry the gun in California, but it was not valid under the gun laws in New York. Meckler was released following arraignment. A spokesman for the Port Authority Police said Meckler "had a misunderstanding of the law. He had a permit to carry in California." An attorney for Meckler said Meckler was "in temporary transit" through New York and the gun was "lawful" and in a safe approved by the Transportation Security Administration. After the incident, Meckler said he believed his constitutional rights had been violated. Meckler paid a $250 fine and his gun was destroyed.
See also
Tea Party movement
Citizens for Self-Governance
Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution
References
External links
Mark Meckler at Citizens for Self-Governance
California lawyers
Living people
McGeorge School of Law alumni
People from Greater Los Angeles
People from Nevada County, California
San Diego State University alumni
Tea Party movement activists
1962 births
Activists from California |
Hacienda Vieja is a district of the Orotina canton, in the Alajuela province of Costa Rica.
Geography
Hacienda Vieja has an area of km² and an elevation of metres.
Demographics
For the 2011 census, Hacienda Vieja had a population of inhabitants.
Transportation
Road transportation
The district is covered by the following road routes:
National Route 27
References
Districts of Alajuela Province
Populated places in Alajuela Province |
Frederick Ernest "Fritz" Triebel (December 29, 1865 – 1944 ) American sculptor, best remembered for his two works, marble statues of George Laird Shoup and Henry Mower Rice, located in the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington D.C. He was born in Peoria, Illinois, where his father was a monument maker. His father had been apprenticed as a stone carver in Germany before immigrating to the United States and it was likely from him that Triebel learned the rudiments of sculpting.
At the age of 16 Triebel was apprenticed to a stone carver in Chicago, and from there he moved to first New York and then Boston. In 1882 he won a scholarship to attend the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy where he attended and prospered. While there he married Santina Grosse. Their first two children, Dante and Beatrice were born in Italy. In the early 1890s Triebel was invited to be a part of the international sculpture selection jury for the World's Columbian Exposition. He also exhibited six works at the exposition.
Selected works
regimental and central monuments to Iowa Union soldiers, Shiloh National Military Park, 1906
bronze statue of Robert G. Ingersoll, Peoria, Illinois, 1911
bronze works featured on the Mississippi State Memorial, Vicksburg National Military Park, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1912
References
External links
1865 births
1944 deaths
Artists from Peoria, Illinois
American people of German descent
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century male artists
19th-century American sculptors
19th-century male artists
American male sculptors
Sculptors from Illinois |
Santa Bárbara Castle (, ) is a fortification in the center of Alicante, Spain. It stands on Mount Benacantil (166 m).
History
Bronze Age, Iberian, and Roman artifacts have been found on the slopes of the mountain, but the origins of the castle date to the 9th century at the time of Muslim control of the Iberian Peninsula, from 711 till 1296. The Arab medieval geographer Al-Idrisi calls this mountain Banu-lQatil, and the toponym may derive from the words pinna (Arabic for "peak") and laqanti, adjectival form of Laqant, the Arabic name for Alicante.
On 4 December 1248, the castle was captured by Castilian forces led by Alfonso of Castile. It was named after Saint Barbara, on whose feast day the castle was recaptured from the Arabs. It was conquered by the Aragonese in 1296 during the reign of James II of Aragon, who ordered its reconstruction. Peter IV of Aragon, Charles I of Spain and Philip II of Spain would oversee further reconstructions.
The castle was bombarded in 1691 by a French squadron. During the War of the Spanish Succession, it was held by the British for three years. In 1873, it was bombarded, along with the city, by the cantonalistas from the frigate Numancia.
From the 18th century the military role of the castle has declined and it was used sometimes as a prison. From April 1939, with the end of the Spanish Civil War, it was used as a Francoist concentration camp for Republican prisoners until the end of that year.
The castle remained abandoned until 1963, when it was opened to the public. Lifts have been installed inside the mountain (€2.70 charge in October 2018 but free for adults aged 65 on production of ID). There are some guided tours at €3 per person and there are refreshments and other amenities at and near the summit.
References
External links
Santa Barbara Castle at Alicante City Hall: brief history, detailed history, sketch map
Evolution of fortifications of Santa Barbara Castle, Alicante
Catálogo del Patrimonio Cultural Valenciano
Reportaje Documental sobre el Castillo de Santa Barbara
Castles in the Valencian Community
Buildings and structures in Alicante
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Alicante
Francoist concentration camps |
The following is a list of notable people associated with University of South Dakota, located in the American city of Vermillion, South Dakota.
Notable alumni
Academia
Kay Schallenkamp, president of Emporia State University, and later Black Hills State University
Robert Legvold, former director of the Harriman Institute, Columbia University Sovietologist
Politics and government
James Abourezk, U.S. Senator and U.S. Representative from South Dakota, first Arab-American U.S. Senator
Sigurd Anderson, Governor of South Dakota
Joseph H. Bottum, 27th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota and a member of the United States Senate
Kevin Brady, U.S. Representative from Texas
Dwight W. Burney, 30th Governor of Nebraska
Dan Crippen, Director of the Congressional Budget Office
Dennis Daugaard, 32nd Governor of South Dakota
George E. "Bud" Day, retired Air Force colonel, ex-POW, and most highly decorated military officer since Douglas MacArthur
Frank Farrar, 24th governor of South Dakota
Joe Foss, Marine Corp Medal of Honor recipient, 20th Governor of South Dakota, first commissioner of the American Football League
Carl Gunderson, Governor of South Dakota
Charles R. Hayes, Justice of the South Dakota Supreme Court
Daryl Hecht, Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court
Carole Hillard, Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota
Dusty Johnson, U.S. Representative and PUC Commissioner
Marty Jackley, 30th Attorney General of South Dakota
Bill Janklow, Governor of South Dakota and Representative of South Dakota
Leslie Jensen, Governor of South Dakota
Tim Johnson, U.S. senator from South Dakota
Steve T. Kirby, Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota
Roberto Lange, Judge of U.S. District Court of South Dakota
Richard Barrett Lowe, Governor of American Samoa and Governor of Guam
Matt Michels, current Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota
George S. Mickelson, Governor of South Dakota
John C. Miller Jr., United States Marine Corps Brigadier General
Byron S. Payne, South Dakota Attorney General
Larry Pressler, U.S. Representative and Senator from South Dakota
A. J. Rosier, Wyoming state senator
Merrell Q. Sharpe, Attorney General of South Dakota from 1929 through 1933, and Governor of South Dakota from 1943 through 1947
Harold J. Sykora, National Guard Major General, Adjutant General of South Dakota
John Thune, U.S. senator from South Dakota
Athletics
Dwight Anderson, cornerback and 2010 CFL All-Star
Ordell Braase, 1957–68, drafted in 14th round by the Baltimore Colts, two-time All-Pro, NFL Players Association President
George Burnside, former Racine Legion blocking back
Matt Chatham, former NFL linebacker, (2000–05, New England Patriots, 2006–07, New York Jets)
Tom Compton, offensive lineman for the Washington Redskins
Jack Doyle, former athletic director, former men's basketball coach, former assistant men's basketball coach, inducted into the USD Athletic Hall of Fame 2002, member of the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Hall of Fame
Filip Filipović, former NFL punter (2002–2003 Dallas Cowboys, 2003–2004 San Francisco 49ers, 2004 Minnesota Vikings, 2006 Houston Texans, 2007 Chicago Bears)
Emily Grove, pole vaulter
John Kohler, former offensive lineman, drafted in the 3rd Round, 1969, Denver Broncos
Greg Lansing, basketball head coach, Indiana State
Stefan Logan, return specialist for Detroit Lions
Mark McLoughlin, former Calgary Stampeders kicker
Derek Miles, pole vaulter for USA Track and Field and Olympian
Ko Quaye, defensive lineman for the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League
Joe Robbie, original owner of the Miami Dolphins franchise
A.J. Schable, defensive end for NFL Seattle Seahawks; 2006, Arizona Cardinals
Josh Stamer, former NFL linebacker. (2003–07, Buffalo Bills; 2008, Tennessee Titans; 2009, Cleveland Browns, Buffalo Bills)
Tyler Starr, Atlanta Falcons linebacker, drafted 255th overall in 7th round of 2014 NFL Draft
Johnny Vann, former defensive back, drafted in the 10th round, Washington Redskins, 1973–74
Jamel White, former running back (1999, Indianapolis Colts; 1999, Cleveland Browns; 2004, Tampa Bay Buccaneers; 2005, Detroit Lions)
Other
Tillie Black Bear, anti-domestic violence activist
Norman H. Boke, botanist
Ernest Bormann, rhetorical theorist
Tom Brokaw, longtime NBC News anchorman and retired NBC Nightly News anchor
Pete Dexter, novelist
Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron; winner of 1939 Nobel Prize for Physics; namesake of chemical element 103, lawrencium; participated in the Manhattan Project;
John H. Lawrence, physicist and physician recognized for pioneering work in nuclear medicine; often referred to as the father of modern nuclear medicine
Faye Cashatt Lewis, physician and author, first women to receive an M.D. from Washington University School of Medicine
Kenneth J. Meier, Charles Gregory Professor of Political Science, Texas A&M University
Greg Mortenson, humanitarian and founder of the Central Asia Institute
Al Neuharth, founder of USA Today and the Freedom Forum, former CEO of Gannett
Pat O'Brien, television presenter
Earl Rose, Dallas County medical examiner at the time of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
Faith Spotted Eagle, Yankton Dakota counselor and activist
Gene Vidal, athlete, aviation pioneer, New Deal official and father of Gore Vidal
Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler, mathematician, known for her contributions to infinite dimensional linear algebra
Abby Whiteside, piano teacher and theorist
Faculty
Roger Baron, professor of law
William O. Farber, former professor of political science
Oscar Howe, Native American painter
Patrick Garry, professor of law
Arne B. Larson, founder and curator of the National Music Museum or "Shrine to Music"
Alexander Pell (known in Russia as Sergey Degayev), first Dean of the School of Engineering (1905); researcher in mathematics
Frank Pommersheim, professor of law
See also
South Dakota Coyotes
References
External links
University of South Dakota Alumni Association
University of South Dakota people |
LaSalle Township is located in LaSalle County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 13,565 and it contained 6,356 housing units. LaSalle Township was formed from Peru Township on an unknown date.
Climate
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 96.24%) is land and (or 3.76%) is water.
Demographics
References
External links
US Census
City-data.com
Illinois State Archives
Townships in LaSalle County, Illinois
Townships in Illinois |
The Effect Model law states that a natural relationship exists for each individual between the frequency (observation) or the probability (prediction) of a morbid event without any treatment and the frequency or probability of the same event with a treatment . This relationship applies to a single individual, individuals within a population, or groups.
This law enables the prediction of the (absolute) benefit () of a treatment for a given patient. It has wide-reaching implications in R&D for new pharmaceutical products as well as personalized medicine.
The law was serendipitously discovered in the 1990s by Jean-Pierre Boissel. While studying the effectiveness of class-I antiarrhythmic drugs in the prevention of death after myocardial infarction, he stumbled upon a situation which contradicts one of the basic premises of meta-analysis theory, i.e. that the heterogeneity test was significant at the same time for the assumption “the relative risk () is a constant” and “ is a constant”.
Boissel formulated the hypothesis that the antiarrhythmic drugs efficacy was a function combining a beneficial effect () that is proportional to and a constant adverse effect (), independent of . The mathematical expression of this model is a linear equation with two parameters, the risk of lethal adverse event caused by treatment and the slope of the line which represents the true beneficial risk reduction. This equation gives the treatment net mortality reduction:
Illustration in the (Rc,Rt) plane
In 1987, L'Abbe, Detsky and O'Rourke recommended including a graphical representation of the various trials while designing a meta-analysis. For each trial, on the x-axis the frequency (risk) of the studied criterion in the control group should be represented, and on the y-axis, the risk in the treated group ( and ).
The shape of the resulting scatter plot illustrates some important aspects of the information concerning the effect of the treatment:
On an individual basis, the ability to measure and predict the absolute benefit of a treatment for a patient characterized by his or her idiosyncratic risk parameters (e.g., cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, etc.);
Over a given population (e.g., French, Chinese, etc.), the ability to measure and predict health outcomes for a treatment available on the market or a drug candidate at any stage in the R&D process (from the target identification phase to clinical trials).
The law is expressed in two ways.
the function: or , equation in which is implicit.
the absolute benefit function : , equation in which and are implicit.
The forms above lead to as many values in the plane as there are patients, each one being represented by a dot which is more or less close to the neutrality frontier. The expression of the absolute benefit (i.e. the vertical distance to the neutrality frontier) has the advantage of leading directly to an individual prediction, making personalized medicine a practical reality. The and are, respectively, patients descriptors linked with and with the treatmentpatient interactions.
By summing up over the entire population of interest, the model yields a quantified efficacy metric over “real” patients, called the Number of Prevented Events (NPE).
Since each patient responds to a proposed therapy in a different way, it is too simplistic to consider a digital outcome for a treatment, i.e. efficient or inefficient. Rather, a given patient will benefit by an order of magnitude which will vary depending on his or her risk profile. This magnitude is measured by the quantity:
This illustrates an intuition that all doctors have, and that Kaurer and Kassirer emphasized in 1980: a treatment can yield little benefit; even worse, it can be more harmful than beneficial for "moderately sick" patients.
In the case where the Effect Model is curvilinear, as shown in , it is easy to understand intuitively that:
Low-risk patients (e.g. ) don't benefit from the treatment as much as higher-risk patients;
High-risk patients (e.g. ) are less likely to avoid the clinical event, irrespective of the treatment.
Evidence of the existence of the law
Evidence of the existence of the Effect Model law is supported by empirical observations (the aforementioned study of antiarrhythmic drugs in post-myocardial infarction), simulations as well as a theoretical demonstration.
The simulation approach consists in combining a mathematical model of the disease of interest and the intended treatment, combining it with a population of virtual patients and in applying the disease model and then the therapeutic model (treatment acting on the disease) to every virtual subject. The outcome is always a connection between and (refer to below).
A proof of the intrinsic nature of the Effect Model is that it emerges from the combination of a disease model and a virtual population
without being explicitly accounted for in the modeling process.
Applications: bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap
In a 2011 Nature article, authors showed that it is necessary to develop and use a broad range of methods to be able to bridge the efficacy-effectiveness gap frequently observed in clinical practice. This gap stems from the differences between satisfactory efficacy data from clinical trials and the actual health outcomes observed in real life once the drug enters the market. In this context, the
NPE can serve as a decision-support metric to drive resources allocation across a pipeline of pharmaceutical products, conduct comparative effectiveness analyses versus standard of care and cost-effectiveness studies. All of these combine into a powerful framework to establish the proof of commercial relevance of a drug product to regulators and payers in the context of pricing & reimbursement negotiations.
It is expected that the Effect Model will gradually emerge as an industry standard accepted by regulatory and paying agencies to support their decisions. A first milestone was reached in February 2013 with the publication of a guideline by the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (eunethta) on the Relative Assessment of Pharmaceuticals, which mentions the Effect Model.
Transposability
There are 2 dimensions to transposability studies:
The way clinical trial results – arguably an idealized setting, “transpose” into real-life patient outcomes on a selected population;
In turn, how these results “transpose” from one population to another.
The Effect Model enables the simulation of a drug candidate's impact on real populations. It also provides a powerful framework to explore the drivers of transposability of clinical trials results for a same drug from one population to another.
Comparative effectiveness
With the payer-driven market's shift from buying drug products to buying patient outcomes – as a result of mounting fiscal imbalances, proof of concept is not sufficient anymore. Pharmaceutical companies must establish the proof of commercial relevance, or superiority of their product over the standard of care.
With that in mind, the Effect Model is used to:
Continuously benchmark a drug candidate's value, as it progresses from discovery to clinical development, versus the prevailing comparator;
Identify and characterize subgroups of patients where the drug candidate shows superior efficacy, if and when traditional clinical trials fail to demonstrate, on average, superior value.
Cost effectiveness
The proof of commercial value should explicitly incorporate pricing considerations. What is being calculated in this instance is the Cost per Prevented Event. Given:
The total amount of spending earmarked by a social security system to treat a particular disease;
The treatment's proposed unit price;
One can derive:
The number of individuals who can be treated and the associated threshold;
The Cost per Prevented Event.
Extensions
R&D decision support
The Effect Model and its associated concept of NPE provide an invaluable framework to base resources allocation decisions on an unbiased and informed representation of the predicted health outcomes of the product under development.
A large number of hypotheses can be tested against this NPE metric, from early discovery to clinical development and market access. Examples include:
The identification of optimal therapeutic targets included in the disease model;
The identification of the optimal vector of theranostic biomarkers;
The characterization of optimal patient responders to reduce the size of clinical trials without negatively impacting the statistical significance of results.
Personalized medicine
Given a patient's idiosyncratic risk factor values (e.g. cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, etc.) and other patient descriptors linked with treatment efficacy (i.e. and ), it is possible to locate him or her in the plane and estimate the associated between competing treatments. In this instance, the Effect Model serves as a powerful framework to support prescription decisions in day-to-day medical practice.
Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and Number of Prevented Events (NPE)
The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) is often used to benchmark medicines. The drug with the lowest NNT is said to be more efficient than its competitors. However, the NNT benchmark is fundamentally flawed in its construct.
NNT varies with treatment and/or follow-up duration, as shown by Kassaï et al. and Kristiansen and Gyrd-Hansen. It is therefore impossible to make apples-to-apples comparative analyses with this benchmark. For instance, there is no constant follow-up duration across diverse treatments’ randomized clinical trials that are used to compute the NNT.
A more fundamental weakness is the fact that the NNT changes with each patient's profile. And there are large differences in average patient Rc, a profile marker, between trials in a given domain.
With the Effect Model law and the associated Number of Prevented Events (NPE), it becomes possible to account for this patient profile variability in a structured and cohesive way, thus enabling apples-to-apples benchmarking.
The NNT fallacy has been denounced by several authors since Cook and Sackett, who cautioned that the NNT should not be used in patients with different baseline risks without a correction in the particular context of personalized medical decision. However, the correction these authors suggested does work only if the treatment's absolute benefit is a linear function of the baseline risk, as for the beta-blocker case, which is not always true as shown when the Effect Model is curvilinear.
References
External links
The Novadiscovery’s Effect Model introduction
Medical statistics |
Prof. Basappa Krishnappa (1938–1997) was one of the pioneers of the Dalit literary movement in Kannada and the founder president of Dalit Sangarsha Samiti, later it is named as (Karnataka Dalita Sangharsha samiti) the radical Dalit advocacy group. He taught at the Sir M. Vishweshwariah College in Bhadravathi for thirty years before retiring as principal. He is acknowledged as an important literary critic in Kannada.
Movement
A social revolutionary, Krishnappa's presence is felt in most of the landmark Dalit struggles of Karnataka, especially those aimed at getting land for Dalits and fighting for Dalit women's self-respect.
B. Krishnappa, along with Siddalingaiah, K. B. Siddaiah and others, was one of the founders of Dalita Sangharsha Samiti.
References
Further reading
Satyanarayana, K & Tharu, Susie (2011) No Alphabet in Sight: New Dalit Writing from South Asia, Dossier 1: Tamil and Malayalam, New Delhi: Penguin Books.
Satyanarayana, K & Tharu, Susie (2013) From those Stubs Steel Nibs are Sprouting: New Dalit Writing from South Asia, Dossier 2: Kannada and Telugu, New Delhi: HarperCollins India.
Activists from Karnataka
Kannada-language writers
1938 births
1997 deaths
20th-century Indian lawyers
Writers from Karnataka
People from Davanagere district |
Dennis Lee Dixon Jr. (born January 11, 1985) is a former American football quarterback. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the fifth round of the 2008 NFL Draft and played with the team through 2011. He was a member of the Baltimore Ravens practice squad during the 2012 season in which they won the Super Bowl. He played college football at the University of Oregon.
Early years
Dixon was the starting quarterback for San Leandro High School's football team beginning his sophomore year. In his senior season, Dixon threw for 2,426 yards and 30 touchdowns, leading his team to a 12-1 season in 2002. Dixon completed his high school career with 5,951 yards and 79 touchdowns, guiding San Leandro to a 36-3 record, with his only losses coming in three straight California North Coast Section 4A championship games to perennial powerhouse De La Salle.
Dixon was a consensus four-star recruit, and was ranked among the top passing and rushing quarterbacks in the nation. He eventually decided to attend the University of Oregon, stating that "I am going to Oregon with only one purpose, and that is to win a national championship".
Dixon was also a highly recruited baseball player, and was initially drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 20th round of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft. However, he did not sign because he wanted to go to college and get a degree.
College career
Dixon opted to grayshirt (attend school part-time and retain eligibility) for the 2003 season and played his freshman season in 2004 behind Kellen Clemens. He appeared in six games, passing for 73 and rushing for 40 yards. In his sophomore season of 2005, he was expected to play primarily in a backup role during Clemens's senior season. However, against Arizona, Clemens broke his ankle, and Dixon came into the game, though he later left with a concussion. With Clemens out for the season, Dixon split time with fellow sophomore quarterback Brady Leaf and guided the Ducks to four regular season wins and a second-place finish in the Pac-10, before dropping a 17-14 loss in the Holiday Bowl against Oklahoma.
Prior to his junior season in 2006, Dixon was named full-time starter by head coach Mike Bellotti. He led the Ducks to a 4-0 start, including a 34-33 comeback victory over the Oklahoma Sooners. After a win over Arizona State, the Ducks lost 48-24 to Cal before Dixon's hometown crowd. After being benched in favor of Brady Leaf, Oregon went on to lose three of their four final games and finished with a 7-6 record. Despite his shortened season, Dixon still finished the season fourth in the conference in total offense (219.3 yards per game). Dixon was named the league's second-team academic all-conference quarterback. In June 2007, he graduated from Oregon with a degree in sociology and a 3.27 grade point average.
In 2007, Bellotti again named Dixon, now a senior, the starter prior to the season. The season started off quickly for Dixon against Houston, in which Dixon accumulated 141 yards rushing, the most ever by an Oregon quarterback. The following week against Michigan, Dixon threw for 3 touchdowns and ran for another, generating 368 yards of total offense. Dixon was named Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Week and USA Today National Player of the Week.
In the next two games, he led the Ducks to big wins over Fresno State (where he threw for two touchdowns and ran for another),
and Stanford (where he completed 27 of 36 passes for 367 yards and 4 touchdowns and ran for another).
Against Cal, Dixon threw his first two interceptions of the season, but led the Ducks down the field in the final minute for a potential tying score before Cameron Colvin fumbled the ball through the end zone in the final seconds for Oregon's first loss of the season.
Wins in the following weeks over Pac-10 powers USC and Arizona State pushed Oregon to a #2 ranking in the BCS poll and first place in the Pac-10. During the Arizona State game, he left the game with a knee injury, but was cleared to play two weeks later against Arizona. In the first quarter of that game, he ran 39 yards for a touchdown, but a few plays later, his left knee buckled and he left the game because of the injury, and the Ducks went on to lose 34-24. It was then revealed that Dixon had torn the ACL in his left knee against Arizona State and aggravated it against Arizona. In the last game of the season against archrival Oregon State, they lost and the Beavers broke the streak of the last 10 years in which the home team had always won. Without Dixon, and following an injury to backup Brady Leaf as well as a long list of injuries to the entire Duck team, the Ducks lost the last two games of the season, but went on to defeat South Florida 56-21 in the 2007 Sun Bowl as Dixon watched from the sideline and continued to cheer on his team.
After undergoing surgery to repair his torn ACL, Dixon walked with no apparent limp at the NFL Combine headquarters in Indianapolis in February. Dixon was unable to perform any Combine drills, but worked out at Oregon's Pro Day and held impressive individual workouts later.
Baseball career
Following his junior year at Oregon, Dixon was picked by the Atlanta Braves in the fifth round of the 2007 Major League Baseball Draft. Dixon hit .176 in 74 at bats with two Atlanta Braves rookie league teams, and returned to Oregon for his senior year during the 2007 season.
Professional Football career
Pittsburgh Steelers
In the 2008 NFL Draft, Dixon was taken in the fifth round with the 156th overall pick by the Pittsburgh Steelers. It was speculated that he could be used in the manner that the Steelers used Antwaan Randle El, who was a college quarterback that turned into an NFL wide receiver.
Dixon passed for a combined 12-for-24 in passing attempts in two 2008 preseason games, in addition, he ran for a 47-yard touchdown against the Buffalo Bills. On December 28, 2008, Dixon completed his first official NFL pass to Hines Ward, of which the reception was Ward's 800th of his career.
Dixon made his first career start on November 29, 2009, against the Baltimore Ravens after injuries suffered by Roethlisberger and Charlie Batch a week earlier moved him up the depth chart. In the game, the Steelers went on to lose 20-17 in overtime. Dixon finished 12-of-26 for 145 yards with one touchdown and one interception. In addition, he ran for 27 yards on three carries, including one run for a touchdown. However, his one interception was in the overtime period, allowing the Baltimore Ravens to kick a field goal for the winning score.
Dixon wore the #2 during his first two seasons with the Steelers, but after the trade of Santonio Holmes, Dixon took #10, his college number.
With Roethlisberger being suspended for four games to start the 2010 season, Byron Leftwich was named the Steelers' starter. Even though Dixon threw two interceptions in his only preseason start, a serious knee injury to Leftwich during the preseason finale led to Dixon being named the opening day starter. After winning against the Atlanta Falcons in Week 1, Dixon tore his meniscus while playing against the Tennessee Titans the following week in what would be the final game of his career. He was put on Injured Reserve on October 13.
Baltimore Ravens
On September 2, 2012, the Baltimore Ravens signed Dixon to their practice squad. He was cut from the squad November 7, 2012, and was re-signed to the practice squad again on November 13, 2012. He was the practice squad quarterback when the Ravens won Super Bowl XLVII and earned a ring.
Philadelphia Eagles
Dixon signed a two-year contract with the Philadelphia Eagles on February 14, 2013. The move reunited him with new head coach Chip Kelly, who was the offensive coordinator at Oregon during Dixon's senior year in 2007. Dixon was released during final cuts on August 30.
Buffalo Bills
On October 8, 2013, Dixon was signed to the Buffalo Bills practice squad, following an injury to starting quarterback EJ Manuel. The Bills released him on August 25, 2014.
Arizona Cardinals
On October 7, 2014, Dixon was signed to the Arizona Cardinals practice squad. He was released by the team on October 13, 2014.
Statistics
Awards
2007 Pacific-10 Conference Offensive Player of the Year
2007 first-team All-Pac-10 Conference
Received 17 first-place votes for the Heisman Trophy and finished fifth in the overall voting, while being the frontrunner in votes prior to the Arizona game.
Finalist for the Draddy Trophy, Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award, Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award, Maxwell Award, and the Walter Camp Award.
Winner of NCAA's Today's Top VIII Award.
Hayward award, given to the state of Oregon's best amateur athlete.
References
External links
Official website
Oregon Ducks bio
1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from San Leandro, California
Players of American football from Alameda County, California
African-American baseball players
Baseball players from Oakland, California
Gulf Coast Braves players
Danville Braves players
African-American players of American football
Players of American football from Oakland, California
American football quarterbacks
Oregon Ducks football players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Baltimore Ravens players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Buffalo Bills players
Arizona Cardinals players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
San Leandro High School alumni |
Keysborough Secondary College is an Australian dual campus government coeducational school for students from years 7-12, with campuses located in Springvale South, Victoria and Keysborough, Victoria. The four participating schools were officially merged into Keysborough Secondary College on 6 October 2008. The merger is valued at $43 million.
History
During 2007, DEECD proposed a merger with Chandler Secondary College, Heatherhill Secondary College, Springvale Secondary College and Coomoora Secondary College into two separate year 7-12 super schools capable of holding 1,200 students each. This proposal developed into the a plan for one super school at two campuses, the redeveloped sites of Heatherhill Secondary College and Chandler Secondary College. The interim name of the school before the official merger was briefly Keysborough Springvale Secondary College. Construction and redevelopment of the Acacia (former Chandler) and Banksia (former Heatherhill) campus sites begun early October 2009. Former Principal of Chandler Debbie Locco was killed in May 2020 in a cycling incident in Beaumaris. Locco while Principal of Chandler, was a supporter of the Skyline Foundation alongside her husband Frank.
Curriculum
Years 7, 8, 9
Students in years 7, 8 and 9 are required to undertake studies in English, Mathematics, Science, Humanities, Arts, PE, and a language. These studies are further accompanied by a range of electives offered to the students.
Years 10, 11, 12
Students in year 10 are required to undertake core studies in English, mathematics, science and physical education as well as an additional VCE units 1/2 subject. Students in years 11 and 12 are required to take several Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) or Vocational Education and Training (VET) subjects as part of their senior schooling, as well as a compulsory VCE English units 1/2 or ESL units 1/2. The school also offers the Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL) programme.
Academic competitions
Students are encouraged to participate in competitions such as the Westpac Mathematics Competition and the International Competitions and Assessments for Schools Science Competition.
Campuses
The school operates with two campuses, Acacia (former Chandler Secondary College) and Banksia (former Heatherhill Secondary College).
The site of the former Springvale Secondary College campus was closed at the end of 2010 whilst the Coomoora Secondary College campus site was closed at the end of 2011.
Facilities
Demolition of some existing buildings at the Acacia and Banksia campuses commenced in September 2009, with the first stage of construction of the new buildings worth a combined total of $22.7 million commencing by the end of 2009.
See also
List of schools in Victoria
Wellington Secondary College
References
External links
Keysborough Secondary College official website
Public high schools in Victoria (state)
Buildings and structures in the City of Greater Dandenong
2008 establishments in Australia
Educational institutions established in 2008 |
Alpha Ventus Offshore Wind Park (before renaming known as Borkum West Offshore Wind Park) is a German offshore wind farm. This is Germany’s first offshore wind farm. It is situated in the North Sea, north of the island of Borkum.
History
The application for construction of the wind farm near Borkum was submitted in 1999. The permit was given by the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency in 2001. In 2007, contracts for supplying wind turbines were signed with REpower and Multibrid (later: Areva Wind and Adwen). That same year, a contract for the construction of a subsea cable connection to the German grid was signed. Construction of the alpha ventus substation started in July 2008. On 15 July 2009 the first wind turbine was installed and the first six turbines delivered by Multibrid went operational in August 2009. Installation of another six turbines delivered by REpower started in September 2009. The foundations for the Multibrid turbines were so called tripods designed by OWT. The foundations for the REpower turbines were developed and designed by OWEC Tower. Construction of the wind farm was completed on 16 November 2009 after a seven-month construction period. On 27 April 2010 the farm was officially opened and set into commercial operation.
Description
The wind farm is owned by Deutsche Offshore-Testfeld und Infrastruktur-GmbH & Co. KG, a joint venture of EWE (47.5%), E.ON (26.25%), and Vattenfall (26.25%). It consists of twelve turbines, all with capacity of five megawatts. There are six Adwen AD 5-116 (former Areva Multibrid (M5000)) turbines and six REpower 5M turbines. Turbines stand in 30 m of water and are not visible from land, however they are barely visible from Norderney's lighthouse, and easily from the island of Borkum. The REpower turbines are installed onto jacket foundations (OWEC Jacket Quattropods) by the crane ship Thialf and Adwen turbines are installed onto tripod-style foundations by the jack-up barge Odin. In May 2010, two Multibrid generators went off service due severe overheating in their gearboxes.
Due to delays, the cost of the project grew from 190 million to 250 million euro (US$270 to $357 million), or 4200 €/kW (6000 $/kW).
In 2011, the wind farm had the highest registered capacity factor of 50.8% of most European offshore wind farms. This was exceeded in 2012 with a capacity factor of 55%, a global record. The project team noted that the expected capacity factor of 42% was a considerable underestimation. However, in 2013 the capacity factor was 42.7%. This is likely due to other wind parks nearby being built, since wind turbines slow down the wind slightly.
Research
Because it is the first offshore wind farm in Germany, alpha ventus is accompanied by several research projects sponsored by the Federal Ministry for Environment (BMU). In 2003, the research platform FINO 1 was built approximately 400 m to the west of the wind farm. Research interests include:
investigation of the flow conditions in the wind farm
measurement of wind and wave load
further development and adaptation of wind turbine components to offshore conditions
accompanying ecological research
development of new wind farm control systems
logistic problems and the grid integration of offshore wind farms
Power curve test methodology
Investigation of wind turbine wakes
Assessment of the wind turbine induction zone
See also
Wind power in Germany
References
External links
alpha ventus website
Alpha Ventus Datasheet, LORC
Alpha Ventus Datasheet, 4c
Video of helicopter operations
Wind farms in Germany
Offshore wind farms in the North Sea
E.ON
Vattenfall wind farms
Borkum
2009 establishments in Germany
Energy infrastructure completed in 2009 |
Haunted PS1 is a series of video game compilations curated and published by Irish video game developer Breogán Hackett in collaboration with independent developers on the indie games website itch.io. The most notable releases, Demo Discs, are annual compilations of independent games from various genres influenced by the graphics and visual presentation of the PlayStation as well as menus inspired by actual PS1 demo discs or other PlayStation games such as Namco Museum releases on the platform. The Demo Discs series received praise from several websites for their niche theme, variety of titles and novel method of distribution, with a number of games from the releases receiving sufficient attention to lead to further development and commercial release on their own merit.
History
Irish independent developer Breogán Hackett initially established Haunted PS1 on itch.io in March 2018. Hackett stated the desire to establish Haunted PS1 was influenced by the absence of a community for independent developers at the time, stating "there's a whole load of horror games being made, but very little community around it." Hackett initially created the community as a Discord server to talk and collaborate with "a few developers working on low-res horror games...I just wanted to be able to talk to other developers about things that were relevant to small-scale indie devs making that sort of game." Hackett hosted a series of game jams regularly from October 2018, with the first, The Haunted PS1 Halloween Jam, encouraging "spooky" and "low-res" entries. Hackett cites the growth of participation in the game jams as the primary reason for the expansion of the Haunted PS1 community and Demo Disc compilations.
Games
Haunted PS1 Demo Disc
The Haunted PS1 Demo Disc is an annual series of compilations released through the Haunted PS1 brand, with the first released in February 2020. Demo Discs are releases that imitate the design of demo discs commonly distributed by publications during the era of the PlayStation, with a visual presentation "evoking the feeling and aesthetic of late nineties games", in particular the graphics of PlayStation horror games including Resident Evil and Silent Hill. The games span genres with a focus on horror and exploration games.
Reception of the Demo Disc series has been positive, with praise directed at the variety of titles offered. Writing for Giant Bomb, Nina Freeman praised the initial compilation as one of the best games of 2020, highlighting them as a "good source of discovery" through "hand-done curation" in contrast to algorithm-based recommendations. Heather Alexandra of Kotaku praised the variety of the compilation, stating the game was "packed to the brim with tons of different approaches to horror and tension." Fraser Brown of PC Gamer similarly stated that the compilation showcased "broad range of styles and interpretations of the PS1 aesthetic." The A.V. Club named the 2020 Demo Disc as one of the best games of 2020, stating that each title in the compilation "comes with surprises, whether a twist on an old formula or something new altogether," stating the series provided "precious reminders that there’s still place in the medium for new, unfamiliar directions."
List of compilations
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" |Compilation
! scope="col" |Date
! scope="col" |Number of games
|-
| Haunted PS1 Demo Disc 2020
| 6 February 2020
| 17
|-
| EEK3 2020: Virtual Show Floor
| 20 June 2020
| 40
|-
| The Madvent Calendar 2020
| 1 December 2020
| 24
|-
| Haunted PS1 Demo Disc 2021
| 25 March 2021
| 25
|-
| The Madvent Calendar 2
| 1 December 2021
| 24
|-
| Haunted PS1 Demo Disc 2022: Spectral Mall
| 28 August 2022
| 18
|-
| The Madvent Calendar 3: Necrosis
| 1 December 2022
| 30
|-
|}
Influence
The Demo Disc series has been noted for its role in bringing attention to an emerging genre of independent horror games influenced by the graphics of the PlayStation. Writing for SUPERJUMP, Anthony Wright noted the Demo Disc series was a "great platform for (developers) to gain attention towards their efforts" and "showcase their talents to the industry", as well as "encouraging an increasing number of players to dip their feet into the retro-styled horror landscape." Fraser Brown of PC Gamer similarly remarked that the series "(shone) a spotlight on indie dev projects, which might normally fall through the cracks." Writing for The Verge, Alexander Chatziioannou, in a review of the resurgence of the "retro horror" genre, stated that the series "(has) revitalized a format oddly neglected in the medium".
Several games that have previously appeared on the Demo Disc releases have been continued by their developers into full commercial releases, including Toree 3D, Dread Delusion, and Fatum Betula''.
References
Video game franchises
Music video games
2020s horror video games
Retro-style video games
Video game compilations
Windows games |
The United States sent a delegation to compete at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom and New York City, United States of America. Its athletes finished first in the gold and overall medal count.
The 15 members of the United States Paralympic team at the 1984 Summer Paralympics in Les Autres classes included four people with muscular dystrophy, two with multiple sclerosis, two with Friedreich's ataxia, one with arthrogryposis, three with osteogenesis imperfecta, and one with short stature.
At the 1984 Games, Great Britain won the most medals among all Les Autres events. They claimed 55. Spain was second with 38 and the United States was third with 26.
Medalists
Gold medalists
Silver medalists
Bronze medalists
See also
United States at the Paralympics
United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics
References
External links
International Paralympic Committee Official Website
United States Paralympic Committee Official Website
Nations at the 1984 Summer Paralympics
1984
Summer Paralympics |
Sayeed Quadri is an Indian lyricist and poet who works in Bollywood. He was born in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. He won the Best Lyricist award at the 6th IIFA Awards for Murder, and Standout Performance by Lyricist at the Stardust Awards 2005 for Murder.
Awards
Filmography
References
External links
Sayeed Quadri: A profile
Indian lyricists
People from Jodhpur
Living people
Indian Muslims
Place of birth missing (living people)
1965 births |
Brian Hartley Kemball-Cook (December 12, 1912 – September 19, 2002) was a classicist and headmaster at a direct grant grammar school in Blackburn and Bedford Modern School. Among other works, Kemball-Cook published his translation of Homer's Odyssey into English in the original meter (1993).
He was the son of Basil Kemball-Cook and his wife Nancy Pavitt. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Balliol College, Oxford.
See also
English translations of Homer: Brian Kemball-Cook
References
External links
CalliopePress.co.uk
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
English classical scholars
Heads of schools in England
1912 births
2002 deaths
Translators of Homer |
In mathematics, the standard basis (also called natural basis or canonical basis) of a coordinate vector space (such as or ) is the set of vectors, each of whose components are all zero, except one that equals 1. For example, in the case of the Euclidean plane formed by the pairs of real numbers, the standard basis is formed by the vectors
Similarly, the standard basis for the three-dimensional space is formed by vectors
Here the vector ex points in the x direction, the vector ey points in the y direction, and the vector ez points in the z direction. There are several common notations for standard-basis vectors, including {ex, ey, ez}, {e1, e2, e3}, {i, j, k}, and {x, y, z}. These vectors are sometimes written with a hat to emphasize their status as unit vectors (standard unit vectors).
These vectors are a basis in the sense that any other vector can be expressed uniquely as a linear combination of these. For example, every vector v in three-dimensional space can be written uniquely as
the scalars , , being the scalar components of the vector v.
In the -dimensional Euclidean space , the standard basis consists of n distinct vectors
where ei denotes the vector with a 1 in the th coordinate and 0's elsewhere.
Standard bases can be defined for other vector spaces, whose definition involves coefficients, such as polynomials and matrices. In both cases, the standard basis consists of the elements of the space such that all coefficients but one are 0 and the non-zero one is 1. For polynomials, the standard basis thus consists of the monomials and is commonly called monomial basis. For matrices , the standard basis consists of the m×n-matrices with exactly one non-zero entry, which is 1. For example, the standard basis for 2×2 matrices is formed by the 4 matrices
Properties
By definition, the standard basis is a sequence of orthogonal unit vectors. In other words, it is an ordered and orthonormal basis.
However, an ordered orthonormal basis is not necessarily a standard basis. For instance the two vectors representing a 30° rotation of the 2D standard basis described above, i.e.
are also orthogonal unit vectors, but they are not aligned with the axes of the Cartesian coordinate system, so the basis with these vectors does not meet the definition of standard basis.
Generalizations
There is a standard basis also for the ring of polynomials in n indeterminates over a field, namely the monomials.
All of the preceding are special cases of the indexed family
where is any set and is the Kronecker delta, equal to zero whenever and equal to 1 if .
This family is the canonical basis of the R-module (free module)
of all families
from I into a ring R, which are zero except for a finite number of indices, if we interpret 1 as 1R, the unit in R.
Other usages
The existence of other 'standard' bases has become a topic of interest in algebraic geometry, beginning with work of Hodge from 1943 on Grassmannians. It is now a part of representation theory called standard monomial theory. The idea of standard basis in the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra is established by the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorem.
Gröbner bases are also sometimes called standard bases.
In physics, the standard basis vectors for a given Euclidean space are sometimes referred to as the versors of the axes of the corresponding Cartesian coordinate system.
See also
Canonical units
Citations
References
(page 47)
(page 198)
(page 112)
Linear algebra |
Joseph J. Katz (April 19, 1912, Detroit – January 28, 2008, Chicago) was a chemist at Argonne National Laboratory whose fundamental research on the chemistry of photosynthesis led to his election to the US National Academy of Sciences. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Czarist Russia. Neither parent had any formal education.
Education and independent research
His college education was in chemistry at the College of the City of Detroit (now Wayne State University). He worked for seven years at small companies in Detroit, developing adhesives, metal polishing compounds, lubricants and other specialty chemical formulations used in the automobile industry. While working in Detroit after receiving his bachelor's degree, Katz and several colleagues rented a room in a Detroit office building and used it as a laboratory. They carried out independent research from 1932 through 1939, trying to cure tuberculosis by finding a substance that could dissolve the fatty outer coating of the TB bacillus so that it would be vulnerable to being destroyed by a drug. He and a Detroit colleague published two papers on studies with the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis, a fast-growing and non-pathogenic bacillus with similar physical properties to the tuberculosis bacillus.
Unemployed in summer 1939, he followed a suggestion from a former teacher and applied for graduate school in chemistry at the University of Chicago. His thesis research in physical organic chemistry under the supervision of Frank R. Mayo was a study of the mechanism of addition of hydrogen chloride to isobutene in a solvent of low dielectric constant. He received a PhD degree in March 1942.
Major publications
G. T. Seaborg, J. J. Katz, and W. M. Manning, (eds.) (1949) The Transuranium Elements: Research Papers, Natl. Nucl. En. Ser., Div. IV, 14B, McGraw‐Hill, New York.
Joseph J. Katz and Eugene Rabinowitch, (1951) The Chemistry of Uranium, McGraw-Hill, New York. (Reprinted 1961 by Dover Publications, New York.)
Glenn T. Seaborg and Joseph J. Katz (eds.), The Actinide Elements (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954).
Joseph J. Katz and Glenn T. Seaborg, The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements, Methuen, London and New York, 1957.
Joseph J. Katz and Eugene Rabinowitch (eds.), (1958) Chemistry of Uranium, Collected Papers, 2 vols. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Technical Information Service, Oak Ridge, TN, TID-5290.
J. R. Norris, R. A. Uphaus, H. L. Crespi and J J Katz (1971), Electron spin resonance of chlorophyll and the origin of Signal I in photosynthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68: 625-628
M. C. Thurnauer, J. J. Katz, and J. R. Norris, Triplet-State In Bacterial Photosynthesis - Possible Mechanisms Of Primary Photo-Act, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 3270–3274, 1975.
L. L. Shipman, T. M. Cotton, J. R. Norris, and J. J. Katz, New Proposal for Structure of Special-Pair Chlorophyll, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 1791–1794, 1976.
J. J. Katz, J. R. Norris, L. L. Shipman, M. C. Thurnauer, and M. R. Wasielewski, Chlorophyll Function In Photosynthetic Reaction Center, Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Vol, 7, 393–434, 1978.
Joseph J. Katz, Glenn T. Seaborg, and Lester R. Morss (eds.), The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements, 2nd ed., Chapman & Hall, 1986.
References
Further reading
Joseph Katz and Aaron Lipsitz, Sodium Disecondary Butyl Naphthalene Sulphonate on the Growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis, J. Bacteriol. 1935, 30(4):419.
Joseph Katz and Aaron Lipsitz, Studies on the Effect of Synthetic Surface-active Materials on Bacterial Growth. II, J. Bacteriol. 1937, 33(5):479.
G. T. Seaborg, The Plutonium Story, Ronald L. Kathryn, Jerry B. Gough, and Gary T. Benefiel, eds., Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio, 1994
Jack M. Holl, Argonne National Laboratory 1946–76, University of Illinois Press, 1997.
Bayard Webster, "An Artificial Leaf Helps In Photosynthesis Study," New York Times, December 19, 1975: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/12/19/86379821.pdf
Chemical and Engineering News, Feb. 16, 1976, p 32.
http://www.dep.anl.gov/postdocs/Namedpostdoc.htm
1912 births
Year of death missing
Scientists from Detroit
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
20th-century American chemists
Argonne National Laboratory people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Manhattan Project people |
The Tympylykan (, , Tımpılıkaan) is a river in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia. It is a left tributary of the Lena. Its length is and the area of its basin is .
The basin of the Tympylykan falls fully within the Central Yakutian Lowland. It flows across the Kobyaysky and Vilyuysky districts. The banks of the river are uninhabited.
Geography
The Tympylykan originates in an area of swamps and small lakes of the Central Yakutian Lowland. It flows first in a SSE direction and then roughly southeastwards to the south of the Linde within a wide floodplain. Towards the last stretch of its course it bends and flows northeastwards, meandering among marshes and lakes. Finally it meets the left bank of the Lena upstream of its mouth in the Laptev Sea. The Lyapiske has its mouth roughly on the opposite side of the Lena.
The main tributaries of the Tympylykan are the long Achchygyi-Tympylykan and long Konkyus-Mande from the left, as well as the long Yogdyonyu from the right.
See also
List of rivers of Russia
References
External links
Fishing & Tourism in Yakutia
Rivers of the Sakha Republic
Central Yakutian Lowland |
Kia Kalayeh-ye Olya (, also Romanized as Kīā Kalāyeh-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Kīā Kalāyeh) is a village in Rudbar-e Shahrestan Rural District, Alamut-e Gharbi District, Qazvin County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 5 families.
References
Populated places in Qazvin County |
Ruscus hyrcanus is a perennial evergreen woody shrub-like or small compact bush plant. It is in the asparagus family.
Description and habitat
The species grows to approximately 30-50 centimeters tall and is very prickly. Stems always are green; ordinary woody, rigid, branched at the end in a whorl with spreading-procumbent branches. Cladodes have a length of 10–25 millimeters; they are flattened, ovate, lanceolate, leathery, rigid, and tapering to a thorn at their extremity; their both sides are shiny green. R. hyrcanus leaves are very reduced, small and bractiform.
The flower is purplish or whitish, dioecious, marcescent with six spreading divisions, and solitary or geminate, arising in the axil of a lanceolate, firm bract on the median rib of the upper face of cladodes. Male flower has three stamens and sweating in a tube; female flower has an ovary with three biovulated lobes. The fruit is a red globular berry, about one centimeter in diameter.
It is native to Iran, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Crimea.
Conservation
The species is of conservation concern in Azerbaijan, where it is listed in the Red Book of Azerbaijan. It is protected on lands such as Hirkan National Park.
References
hyrcanus
Flora of Iran
Flora of Armenia
Flora of Azerbaijan
Flora of the Crimean Peninsula |
Macrotyloma is a genus of plants in the legume family which include several species of edible beans. Some species are also used as fodder for livestock.
Species include:
Macrotyloma africanum (Brenan ex R. Wilczek) Verdc.
Macrotyloma axillare (E. Mey.) Verdc. - perennial horse gram
Macrotyloma daltonii
Macrotyloma densiflorum
Macrotyloma ellipticum
Macrotyloma geocarpum - Kersting's groundnut, ground bean
Macrotyloma maranguense
Macrotyloma oliganthum
Macrotyloma rupestre
Macrotyloma stenophyllum (Harms) Verdc.
Macrotyloma stipulosum
Macrotyloma tenuiflorum
Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. - horse gram, kulthi
M. uniflorum var. benadirianum (Chiov.) Verdc.
References
External links
Flora of Zimbabwe
GRIN Species List
Phaseoleae
Fabaceae genera |
Margot O'Neill (born 16 May 1958) is an Australian journalist, writer and producer. She founded Original Thinking Productions, a multi-platform content provider after leaving the ABC in 2019 where she was a journalist for over 25 years. O’Neill worked as a journalist for nearly 40 years in television, radio, newspapers and online in Australia and overseas covering politics, national security and social justice issues and has worked on a variety of ABC programs including the investigative flagship program, Four Corners. O'Neill twice won Australia's Walkley Awards including for Best Investigative Reporting as well as four human rights awards. She also wrote a book called Blind Conscience (UNSW Press 2008) telling the stories of some of the key players in Australia's refugee advocacy movement. It won the 2009 Human Rights award for best non-fiction. She has a Bachelor of Arts (Politics) degree from Melbourne University. She was a Journalist Fellow at the University of Oxford.
Early life, education and personal life
Margot O’Neill is one of five children who grew up in Gippsland, Victoria. She is married to Dr Ken Hudson and lives in Sydney. She has one daughter, Molly, and a step-daughter, Charlotte.
Professional career
O’Neill founded Original Thinking Productions in 2019 after leaving a career as a journalist with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ABC.
She started out as a journalist for radio 3RRR FM in Melbourne before moving to The Age newspaper and then to the ABC where she covered Australian politics in Canberra. She also covered US politics in Washington DC and the South Pacific and worked at Four Corners before joining Lateline and finally, the ABC Investigations Unit.
Awards
2013 - UNAA Media Award - TV Current Affairs - Margot O'Neill, Lateline ABC TV, - 'Aged Care Crisis'
2013 - Human Rights Commission Finalist ‘Aged Care Crisis’ Lateline ABC
2012 - Walkley Finalist Social Equity Journalism ‘Aged Drugs’ Lateline ABC
2010 - Donald McDonald ABC Reuters Journalism Institute Fellowship to Oxford University - University of Oxford - Fellowships
2009 - National Human Rights Award for Best Non-Fiction - Winner - Blind Conscience (UNSW Press)
2009 - John Button Prize - Short Listed - Margot O'Neill: Blind Conscience (UNSW Press)
2008 -Walkley Finalist Best TV Current Affairs (under 20 mins) ‘Tragic Story of Tony Tran’ Lateline ABC
2007 - LOGIE Finalist Most Outstanding News Coverage ‘Sexual Abuse of the Elderly’ Lateline ABC
2006 - UNAA Media Peace Award - Finalist - Best Television - News - Margot O’Neill & Michael Edwards, ABC TV Lateline – ‘Belgrade Exile’, United Nations Association of Australia
2006 - Walkley Social Equity Journalism Commendation ‘Sex Abuse of the Elderly’ Lateline ABC
2006 - LOGIE Finalist Most Outstanding News Coverage ‘Vivian Solon’ Lateline ABC TV
2005 - Walkley Award Winner (All Media) - Investigative Journalism, 'Vivian Solon', Lateline ABC (with Hamish Fitzsimmons, Tom Iggulden & Lisa Millar) National Library of Australia - Trove
2005 - Walkley Finalist TV Current Affairs (less than 20 mins) ‘Vivian Solon’ Lateline ABC
2005 - Human Rights Commission winner TV ‘Vivian Solon’ Lateline ABC
2003 - LOGIE Finalist Most Outstanding Public Affairs program Lateline ABC
2002 - Walkley Award Winner (Television) - TV Current Affairs Reporting (Less Than 10 Minutes), 'Curtin Tape', Australian Broadcasting Corporation -The Australian Women's Register - Walkley Awards
2002 - UNAA Media Peace Award - Finalist - Best Television - Margot O'Neill, Lateline ABC TV, - ‘Curtin Tape’
1998 - UNAA Media Award - TV Current Affairs - Margot O'Neill, Four Corners ABC TV, - 'Death Sentence'
References
1958 births
Living people
Australian reporters and correspondents
Australian television journalists
People from Leongatha
Australian women television journalists |
The Old Guard is a 2020 American superhero film directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood and written by Greg Rucka, based on his comic book of the same name. The film stars Charlize Theron, KiKi Layne, Matthias Schoenaerts, Marwan Kenzari, Luca Marinelli, Harry Melling, Veronica Ngo, and Chiwetel Ejiofor, and follows a team of immortal mercenaries on a revenge mission.
The Old Guard was released on July 10, 2020, on Netflix. It received generally positive reviews from critics, with praise for the action sequences and Theron's performance. A sequel is in production with Victoria Mahoney directing the film.
Plot
Andromache of Scythia ("Andy"), Booker, Joe, and Nicky are centuries-old warriors with unexplained regenerative healing abilities who use their vast experience to work as mercenaries, taking missions that help people. Breaking their rule of never working for the same employers twice, they accept a job from former CIA operative James Copley to rescue a group of kidnapped girls in South Sudan. During the mission, which proves to be a ruse, they are ambushed and killed. After quickly recovering and killing their attackers, they realize that Copley set them up and remotely filmed their regeneration.
Meanwhile, in Afghanistan, U.S. Marine Nile Freeman has her throat slit while taking down a military target during a house search, only to recover without a scratch. Later, she shares a disturbing dream with the other immortals, who are then alerted to her existence, as they experience dreams of any new immortals until found. Andy tracks down a confused Nile and extracts her from Afghanistan before military personnel can transfer her for further testing.
Copley shows the video of the ambush to pharmaceutical executive Steven Merrick, who sends operatives to capture the team. Andy brings Nile to a safe house in France, where she meets the rest of their team. The group shares some of their past and reveal that they are not truly immortal: their ability to heal eventually stops, without warning, which happened to a previous immortal, Lykon. She is also told about the female immortal Quynh, the first of Andy's comrades, who was captured, accused of witchcraft, and lost to them when cast somewhere into the sea in an iron maiden, and has been continually drowning ever since.
The group is ambushed by Merrick's forces; Joe and Nicky are captured while a seemingly deceased Booker is left behind. While Booker regenerates, Andy kills all of their assailants but is wounded and realizes she is not healing. Booker locates Copley, while Nile separates from the group to reunite with her family.
Andy and Booker confront Copley, only for Booker to betray Andy and shoot her, arguing that Merrick might find a way to end the immortality they have both grown weary of. As they are captured, however, Booker realizes that Andy is not healing. Copley has a change of heart when he sees that Merrick is willing to torture the immortals indefinitely to study them. Nile, having realized Booker sold out the group, arrives too late to intervene, but she convinces Copley to assist her in a rescue mission. She storms Merrick's London office and after she frees the rest of the immortals, they fight their way out through the rest of Merrick's security, with Nile saving Andy from Merrick by grabbing him and jumping out of a window, killing him.
As punishment for his betrayal, the group sentence Booker to loneliness - forbidding Booker from contacting them for 100 years. The rest of the group meets with Copley, who explains how his research revealed their past missions had a greater effect than they ever knew, with the descendants of people they had rescued going on to help the world in many different ways. With renewed faith in their existence, the group tasks Copley with maintaining their secret and finding missions where they can have an effect.
Six months later in Paris, a depressed and drunken Booker is astonished to find Quynh in his apartment.
Cast
Production
In March 2017, Skydance Media picked up the rights to adapt the comic The Old Guard, written by Greg Rucka and illustrated by Leandro Fernandez, into a film.
Rucka's contract stipulated that a major scene highlighting the romance between the characters Joe and Nicky from the comic book must also be in the film adaptation.
In July 2018, they hired Gina Prince-Bythewood to direct with Rucka adapting his comic book to screenplay and Skydance's David Ellison, Dana Goldberg and Don Granger producing. With a budget of about $70 million, Prince-Bythewood became the first black woman to direct a big-budget comic book film. In March 2019, Netflix picked up worldwide rights to the film and agreed to finance it with Skydance. Charlize Theron joined the film and also produced with Beth Kono, A.J. Dix, Marc Evans and Skydance's David Ellison, Dana Goldberg, and Don Granger.
KiKi Layne was confirmed to star in the film after Netflix picked up the rights. In May 2019, Marwan Kenzari, Matthias Schoenaerts, and Luca Marinelli joined the cast of the film. In June 2019, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Harry Melling, and Veronica Ngo joined the cast of the film. At Ngo's request, details of her character were changed from the comic book. In an interview, Rucka said, "When Veronica was cast, she said I'm not Japanese, I'm Vietnamese. [Director Gina Prince-Bythewood] reached out to me and said 'Can we accommodate that?' and I was like, 'Absolutely.' [...] Noriko becomes Quynh, Quynh is now Vietnamese. It really was as simple as wanting to honor that, and be respectful of that". The other change to the character was the character's death. "In the comic, Quynh/Noriko is washed overboard during a storm rather than deliberately drowned. According to Rucka, that was partially a logistical change to save money. [...] But Quynh’s new 'death,' solidified by Prince-Bythewood’s suggestion of the iron maiden imagery, served an important narrative and tonal role as well".
Principal photography for the film began in Europe in mid-May 2019. Filming took place in Morocco and the United Kingdom, including at Shepperton Studios in England. Sandwich in Kent was used as a double for the French town Goussainville. Sandwich's Discovery Park doubled as Merrick Pharmaceutical headquarters throughout the film. Filming in the famous pub Prospect of Whitby took place on July 10, 2019.
Volker Bertelmann and Dustin O'Halloran composed the film score. Lakeshore Records released the soundtrack on July 10, 2020, coinciding with the film streaming release.
Release
The Old Guard was released on July 10, 2020 on Netflix. It was the top-streamed item on the site over its first weekend. It ranked second and fourth the following two weekends.
On July 17, Netflix reported the film was on pace to be viewed by 72 million households over its first four weeks, among the top 10 most-successful original launches in the platform's history. That October, Netflix reported the actual figure to have been 78 million. In November, Variety reported the film was the seventh-most watched straight-to-streaming title of 2020 up to that point. In December, The A.V. Club reported that due to "the way Netflix operates, we don't even know whether The Old Guard is a hit in any measurable sense. Netflix itself claims that 78 million households have watched it, and I have no idea whether that's a good number".
Reception
Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The site's critics consensus reads: "The Old Guard is occasionally restricted by genre conventions, but director Gina Prince-Bythewood brings a sophisticated vision to the superhero genre - and some knockout action sequences led by Charlize Theron." At Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 70 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Kate Erbland of IndieWire gave the film a "B+" and said: "Steeped in hand-to-hand action... but with enough ballistic firepower to kit out a small civil war, every action sequence is more than awe-inspiring; they're necessary to the film itself. Superhero battles that are eye popping and narratively motivated? Oh, yeah." Owen Gleiberman of Variety called the film a "watchable franchise wannabe" and wrote: "Chunks of the picture are logy and formulaic (it dawdles on for two hours), but the director, Gina Prince-Bythewood (making a major lane change after Love & Basketball and The Secret Life of Bees), stages the fight scenes with ripe executionary finesse, and she teases out a certain soulful quality in her cast." Bob Chipman of The Escapist gave the film 7 out of 10 and said: "This is a clever, slick, progressive minded, yet also brutally violent, frequently kick ass action film" and that "they clearly want it to be a franchise, I'd certainly watch another one." Tom Breihan, for The A.V. Club, wrote, "The Old Guard is a superhero story; it’s just one of the many superhero stories that attempts to subvert superhero stories. [...] Though The Old Guard tackles superhero-movie clichés in interesting ways, it has more difficulty with the emerging conventions of the Netflix movie".
The film's portrayal of LGBT characters within the superhero genre was praised. Kevin Fallon of The Daily Beast said that The Old Guard "is the first movie with out gay superheroes, or the extremely (extremely) rare action film to feature queer characters and acknowledge their romance. [...] The sexuality of the characters is matter-of-fact and inconsequential to their ability to kick total-and-complete ass, yet also given the dignity of expressing and showing their love". Benjamin Lee, for The Guardian, wrote that "in 2020, it really shouldn't be such a big deal, but watching a form of unfettered queer love exist within the confines of a fantastical comic book adaptation, aimed at a wide audience, felt major to me." Anna Menta of Decider wrote: "I hadn't read The Old Guard comic, and I didn't know that writer Greg Rucka had stipulated in his contract that, whenever or however the film got made, it had to include that scene. So when it happened, well, it felt—and still does feel—like a huge freakin' deal. [...] It's just as passionate, just as charged, and just as sensual as Han and Leia, Peter and MJ, Peeta and Katniss, or any other heterosexual couple who's had a big kiss moment in an action movie over the years".
Accolades
Sequel
On the coda at the beginning of The Old Guards credits, Rucka said, "In case of sequel, break glass. It's very straightforward. You want another one? Here's a way to get into it". A sequel to the original graphic novel, The Old Guard: Force Multiplied, was published in 2019. Theron has expressed her interest in a second film, saying: "Let's have a little resting period, but just given the fact that all of us really want to do it, I'm sure when it's the right time, we'll start the conversation."
It was reported on January 27, 2021 that Netflix had greenlit a sequel. On August 26, it was announced that Victoria Mahoney would replace Prince-Bythewood as director for the sequel. Theron, Layne, Schoenaerts, Kenzari, Marinelli, Ngo, and Ejiofor are to reprise their respective roles from the original movie. In June 2022, Uma Thurman and Henry Golding were cast in undisclosed roles. At least part of the film is being shot at the Italian Cinecittà Studios, with a fire in August 2022 causing temporary disruption to filming.
References
External links
2020 films
2020 action thriller films
2020 LGBT-related films
2020 action adventure films
2020s superhero films
American action adventure films
American action thriller films
American LGBT-related films
American superhero films
Gay-related films
Girls with guns films
LGBT-related superhero films
LGBT-related thriller films
Live-action films based on comics
Superhero thriller films
Films about immortality
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) films
Films set in Afghanistan
Films set in France
Films set in London
Films set in Morocco
Films set in South Sudan
Films shot in Morocco
Films based on Image Comics
Films shot at Shepperton Studios
Films directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood
Films produced by Charlize Theron
Films scored by Dustin O'Halloran
Skydance Media films
English-language Netflix original films
Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form winning works
2020s English-language films
2020s American films |
San Bernardo is a village in the Mexican state of Tabasco, Mexico.
References
Populated places in Tabasco |
Steel Umbrellas is the tenth studio album by Canadian rock band Saga. The songs were written for the US TV series Cobra. The album is the second produced after the reformation of the classic line-up, and the first one to feature two songs sung by keyboardist Jim Gilmour.
Track listing
All lyrics and music written by Saga, except "(You Were) Never Alone" by Saga and Gerald O' Brien; "Push It" by Saga, Craig Van Sickle and Steve Mitchell
Note
Alternate versions of the CD include the track "(Walking On) Thin Ice" in place of "Push It". "(Walking On) Thin Ice" was also used as a b-side for the second single release "(You Were) Never Alone", which also included an "edited version" of the album track that opens with a differently mixed intro. "Why Not?" was the first single from the album and also edited for the single release.
Personnel
Michael Sadler – lead and backing vocals
Ian Crichton – guitars
Jim Gilmour – keyboards, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Shake That Tree" and "Say Goodbye to Hollywood"
Jim Crichton – bass
Steve Negus – drums, percussion
Paula Mattioli, Fred White, Stu "The Rooster" Saddoris – backing vocals
Production
Produced by Jim Crichton & Saga
Music Supervisor – Spencer Proffer, Cherry Lane Music
Recording Engineer – Jim Crichton
Recording Engineer (Keyboards) – Steve Negus
Mixed by Mike Ging
Recorded and mixed at Goodnight L.A.B., Van Nuys, California
Art Direction & Design – Vivid Images
Front Cover Concept – Penny Crichton
Photography – Penny Crichton
Front Cover Images – Joannis and Stephen Jacaruso for Vivid Images
Steel Umbrellas by Heidi Coyle
References
External links
1994 albums
Saga (band) albums
SPV/Steamhammer albums |
The Ballachulish figure is a carved wooden sculpture, dated to c.600BC, which was discovered in North Ballachulish, at the west of Loch Leven in Scotland in 1880, and is the only one of its kind to have been found in Scotland.
Description
The figure is assumed to be of a young girl or woman, holding items in her hands. The figure is around five feet tall, and is made of alder, although initial accounts of its discovery notes it as being oak. The eyes are made of quartz pebbles.
Due to the manner in which it was stored before being transferred to the museum, the wood became warped and cracked, and her appearance now is greatly different from when she was discovered. Her purpose is not known, although she is sometimes described the Ballachulish Goddess, or supposed to be some kind of fertility Goddess, and some modern popular descriptions have posited a connection to the Celtic Cailleach Bheur.
Discovery
The figure was uncovered in November 1880, during digging work being carried out in the grounds of the Reverend J.R.A. Chinnery Haldane, Dean of Argyll. The figure was laid face down, under four and a half feet of peat, surrounded by wicker-like work, and on the site of a raised beach, suggesting that it originally stood by the edge of the loch.
Minister for the parish of Ballachulish and archaeologist Reverend Alexander Steuart wrote an account of the figure's discovery in The Inverness Courier in December 1880, and when the important nature of the figure became apparent, asked Sir Robert Christison, of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, to undertake further research and study. Mr Chinnery Haldane, upon whose land the figure was discovered, gifted the figure to the Society's Museum and precursor of the National Museum of Scotland, then named the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland. Robert Christison published his findings in the Society's journal in November 1881.
The figure suffered some damage during transportation to Edinburgh, and upon arrival was found to be snapped at the ankles. Although the peat water had preserved the figure, problems with conservation in the period following her discovery (the figure was allowed to dry out) resulted in cracking and warping.
Origins
A contemporary account of the discovery was given in The Inverness Courier, on 9 December 1880, by minister for the parish of Ballachulish and archaeologist Reverend Alexander Steuart, who thought it to be a representation of an ancient Scandinavian deity. However, in 1967, Dr Anne Ross suggested that it was of Celtic origin.
In 1970, the figure was estimated to date from the 1st century BC or before, however radiocarbon dating carried out in 1990 suggested that it was in fact much older, at 540 +/- 70 BC.
Although similar figures have been found in Europe, and elsewhere in Britain, the Ballachulish figure is the only one of its kind to have been found in Scotland.
Current location
The Ballachulish figure is on permanent display in the Early Peoples section of the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.
References
1880 archaeological discoveries
Collections of National Museums Scotland
Archaeology of Scotland |
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