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Carpinus hebestroma is a species of flowering plant in the family Betulaceae, native to Taiwan. A tree reaching , it is found growing on forest slopes at elevations from . Found in only one location in Hualien County, it is assessed as Critically Endangered due to repeated monsoon-induced landslides.
References
hebestroma
Endemic flora of Taiwan
Plants described in 1932 |
Gusheh-ye Pol (, also Romanized as Gūsheh-ye Pol, Gūshehpal, and Gūsheh Pol) is a village in Dorud Rural District, in the Central District of Dorud County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 397, in 90 families.
References
Populated places in Dorud County |
The 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger) (officially 75th Infantry Regiment or 75th Infantry) was initially a parent regiment for all the US Army Ranger units during the Vietnam War and the early 1980s and then the headquarters for the Ranger battalions.
History
On 1 February 1969, as part of the U.S. Army Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), all U.S. Army Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol (LRRP) units were reorganized as the 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger). Fifteen Ranger companies were formed from reconnaissance units in Europe and Vietnam with lineage to Merrill's Marauders (5307th Composite Unit). The firms were given the letters C through I and K through P. To avoid confusion with the similar "I" (or India) designation on typed documents, there was no "J" Ranger Company. Companies A and B were kept stateside as a strategic reserve in case they were needed overseas in Europe or the Americas.
The Ranger companies were composed of small, heavily armed long range reconnaissance teams that patrolled deep in enemy-held territory. Each independent company was attached to a separate division or brigade and acted as the eyes and ears of those units. Rangers collected intelligence, discovered enemy troop locations, surveilled trails and enemy hot spots, directed artillery and air strikes, performed bomb damage assessments, and conducted ambushes. Additionally, Rangers attempted to recover prisoners of war, capture enemy soldiers for interrogation, tap the wire communications of the North Vietnam Army and the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vietcong) on the Ho Chi Minh trail, and mine enemy trails and roads.
Lineage
Organized as 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional) on 3 October 1943
Consolidated with the 475th Infantry and unit designated as 475th Infantry on 10 August 1944
Inactivated on 1 July 1945
Redesignated as 75th Infantry on 21 June 1954
Allotted to the Regular Army on 26 October 1954
Activated on 20 November 1954
Inactivated on 21 March 1956
Reorganized as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System on 1 January 1969
Reorganized with Headquarters on 1 July 1984
On 3 February 1986, the 75th Infantry Regiment (then consisting of Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Ranger Battalion, 2nd Ranger Battalion, and 3rd Ranger Battalion) was consolidated with the former A Company, 1st Ranger Infantry Battalion (then part of HHC 7th SFG), Company A, 2nd Infantry Battalion (then part of HHC 10th SFG), and the inactive units Company A, 3rd Ranger Infantry Battalion (last part of HHC 13th SFG, inactivated in 1966), 4th Ranger Battalion, 5th Ranger Battalion and 6th Ranger Battalion; it was concurrently designated as 75th Ranger Regiment and reorganized under the Regimental System.
Organization
Vietnam War
When they were redesignated on 1 February 1969, the average TOE strength of a Ranger company was of 3 officers and 115 enlisted men, bringing the total to 118 men divided into a company headquarters, operations section, communications platoon, and two patrol platoons.
There were some exceptions though; Company C, 75th Infantry (Ranger) had a strength of 230 men divided into a company Headquarters, operations section, communications platoon, and four patrol platoons.
Companies D and H each had 198 men and Companies M, N, O, and P each had 61 men, since these four units were created from LRP detachments assigned to brigades.
Ranger Companies
Post-Vietnam reorganization
Battalions
See also
Company F, 425th Infantry (Ranger)
References
External links
75th Ranger Regiment lineage
Military units and formations of the United States Army in the Vietnam War
Military units and formations established in 1969
United States Army Rangers regiments
Military units and formations disestablished in 1986 |
A transport is a device that handles a particular physical storage medium (such as magnetic tape, audio CD, CD-R, or other type of recordable media) itself, and extracts or records the information to and from the medium, to (and from) an outboard set of processing electronics that the transport is connected to.
A transport houses no electronics itself for encoding and decoding the information recorded to and from a certain format of media. It only extracts and records information to the media, as well as handling mechanical operations for accessing the media itself, such as playing or rewinding a tape, or accessing the tracks on a disc.
An example of a transport for a storage medium would be an audiophile-grade audio CD transport, which houses no digital-to-analog converter (DAC), unlike most ordinary audio CD players. Instead, the audio CD transport is connected to an external DAC via a coaxial (SPDIF) or optical (Toslink) digital audio connection to convert the digital audio information to analog for interfacing to most audio equipment.
Here are some other examples of transports for recorded media:
A 16-track magnetic reel-to-reel tape recorder (using 1" wide tape) manufactured by Honeywell (the model 5600E) that was originally designed for recording instrumentation data, which was adapted for the Soundstream digital audio recording system developed in the mid-70s, and referred to by Soundstream as the "HTD" or Honeywell Tape Drive. It was in this case connected to external digital audio processing hardware (the "DTR", or Digital Tape Recorder, although it housed just the electronics for the HTD) designed by Soundstream,
The S-VHS videocassette mechanism utilized by ADAT-format multi-track digital audio recorders made by Alesis,
The Hi8 videocassette mechanism utilized by DTRS-format multi-track digital audio recorders made by Tascam such as the DA-88, and
A standard video cassette recorder (particularly using U-matic cassettes) used for recording digital audio with a PCM adaptor.
Audio storage |
Shard Villa is a historic house at Shard Villa and Columbus Smith Roads in Salisbury, Vermont, USA. Built in 1872, it is an elaborate and sophisticated example of Second Empire architecture, built by Columbus Smith, a prominent international lawyer. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The property has been used for many years as an elderly care facility and is one of the oldest such facilities in continuous operation in the state.
Description and history
Shard Villa stands in a rural area of northwestern Salisbury, just west of the junction of Shard Villa and Columbus Smith Roads. Standing on over , a portion of a once larger country estate, are a cluster of buildings, including the main house, carriage barn, dairy barn, horse barn and smokehouse. On a height of land north of the house stands a mausoleum, the family burial site of Columbus Smith and members of his family. The house is a -story limestone structure, with a full third floor under its mansard roof. Its most prominent feature is the three-story mansarded tower at the center of the east-facing front facade, topped by a low balustrade and featuring projecting small round windows in the flared mansard roof. Windows are paired round-arch one-over-one sash, with elaborate moulded surrounds that only slightly break the facade's symmetry The interior has elaborate woodwork and fixtures and is decorated with murals painted by the Italian artist Silvio Pezzoli. A 20th-century brick ell extends behind the original main block.
The property was developed as a country estate beginning in 1872 by Columbus Smith, a lawyer renowned at the time for his experience in international inheritance law. It was the first major commission of the Burlington architect Warren Thayer, with exterior detailing by Clinton G. Smith, another prominent regional builder-architect. The estate was landscaped by Robert Morris Copeland, an early landscape architect, although only some elements of his original design now survive. The house design is similar to Plate 19 of Woodward and Thompson's Woodward's National Architect, published in 1869. The interior murals were commissioned by Smith in 1886, with the artist, Silvio Pezzoli, brought over from Italy to live in the villa while creating them.
The name of the villa derives from Columbus Smith's first major international client, the family of Frances Mary Shard, a Vermont native who married a wealthy Englishman, and whose only surviving heirs were a family from nearby Ripton. In 1922, the property was adapted for use as an elderly care facility, at which time the brick addition was made to the rear of the main house.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Addison County, Vermont
References
External links
Shard Villa web site
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Addison County, Vermont
Second Empire architecture in Vermont
Houses completed in 1872
Houses in Addison County, Vermont
Buildings and structures in Salisbury, Vermont
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont |
Leandro Riedi (born 27 January 2002) is a Swiss professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world no. 126 achieved on 20 March 2023. He also has a career-high ATP doubles ranking of world no. 211 achieved on 6 February 2023.
Junior career
As a junior, Riedi reached as high as world no. 6 in the combined singles and doubles ITF Junior Circuit rankings, which he attained on 12 October 2020.
With Romanian partner Nicholas David Ionel, he captured the 2020 Australian Open – Boys' doubles title by defeating Mikołaj Lorens and Kārlis Ozoliņš 6–7(8–10), 7–5, [10–4] in the final. He also reached the boys' singles final at the 2020 French Open, losing to compatriot Dominic Stricker 2–6, 4–6.
Professional career
2021: ATP debut
Riedi reached five finals on the ITF Men's World Tennis Tour, winning three and losing two. In May, he won the first doubles title of his career, with Dominic Stricker, when they won the M15 Majadahonda tournament on clay courts in Spain. In October, he won his first singles title at the M15 Selva Gardena tournament on hard courts in Italy.
Riedi made his ATP debut at the 2021 Swiss Open Gstaad, receiving a wildcard in both the singles draw and the doubles draw with Jakub Paul. He lost the singles in the first round against Federico Delbonis in straight sets.
2022: First Challenger title, Top 200 debut in singles and top 250 in doubles
In March, he reached his first singles and doubles finals on the ATP Challenger Tour, both at the 2022 Challenger Città di Lugano, Switzerland. He also received a wildcard for the 2022 Geneva Open for the singles and doubles, partnering with Jakub Paul. In the same month, he also won the M25 tournament in Trimbach, Switzerland and in May another M25 in Notthingham, United Kingdom.
In October, in doubles he won the Challenger tournament at Tiburon, California with Valentin Vacherot. In November, he won the 2022 HPP Open Challenger in Helsinki as a qualifier defeating Dimitar Kuzmanov and Jelle Sels, moving 80 positions up in the rankings, finishing the year in the top 200 at No. 197 on 21 November 2022. A week earlier, he reached the top 250 in doubles. The following week he won his next Challenger singles title in Andria, moving up 36 positions to No. 161 on 28 November 2022.
2023: First ATP win, Masters 1000 and top 130 debut
He reached the top 150 on 9 January 2023 at world No. 135 following a final showing at the Challenger in Canberra, Australia.
At the 2023 Open 13 Provence in Marseille, he recorded his first ATP win against Arthur Rinderknech. He lost to eventual champion Hubert Hurkacz.
He made his Masters 1000 main draw debut in Indian Wells as a qualifier where he lost to Jack Draper. He reached a new career-high of No. 126 on 20 March 2023.
In July at the 2023 Hopman Cup, Riedi upset world No. 6 Holger Rune in straight sets.
In October, he received a wildcard for his home tournament the 2023 Swiss Indoors but lost to wildcard Felix Auger-Aliassime.
ATP Challenger and ITF World Tennis Tour finals
Singles: 9 (5–4)
Doubles: 11 (6–5)
Junior Grand Slam finals
Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)
Doubles: 1 (1 title)
References
External links
2002 births
Living people
Swiss male tennis players
Australian Open (tennis) junior champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles
Sportspeople from Thurgau |
Goalball at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta took place between 7 and 12 October 2018.
Medalists
Results
Detail Results :
Men
Group 1
Group 2
Final Round
Semi-finals
Bronze Medal Match
Gold Medal Match
Women
Ranking Round
Final Round
Semi-finals
Bronze Medal Match
Gold Medal Match
References
See also
Goalball at the 2017 ASEAN Para Games
External links
Goalball - Asian Para Games 2018
RESULT SYSTEM - ASIAN PARA GAMES JAKARTA 2018
2018 Asian Para Games events |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
* questions.
*/
package com.oracle.svm.hosted.classinitialization;
import java.util.function.Function;
import com.oracle.svm.core.option.APIOption;
import com.oracle.svm.core.option.HostedOptionKey;
import com.oracle.svm.core.option.AccumulatingLocatableMultiOptionValue;
import jdk.graal.compiler.options.Option;
import jdk.graal.compiler.options.OptionType;
public final class ClassInitializationOptions {
public static final String SEPARATOR = ":";
public static final String SUFFIX_BUILD_TIME = SEPARATOR + "build_time";
public static final String SUFFIX_RUN_TIME = SEPARATOR + "run_time";
private static class InitializationValueTransformer implements Function<Object, Object> {
private final String suffix;
InitializationValueTransformer(String suffix) {
this.suffix = suffix;
}
@Override
public Object apply(Object o) {
String[] elements = o.toString().split(",");
if (elements.length == 0) {
return suffix;
}
String[] results = new String[elements.length];
for (int i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
results[i] = elements[i] + suffix;
}
return String.join(",", results);
}
}
private static class InitializationValueRunTime extends InitializationValueTransformer {
InitializationValueRunTime() {
super(SUFFIX_RUN_TIME);
}
}
private static class InitializationValueBuildTime extends InitializationValueTransformer {
InitializationValueBuildTime() {
super(SUFFIX_BUILD_TIME);
}
}
@APIOption(name = "initialize-at-run-time", valueTransformer = InitializationValueRunTime.class, defaultValue = "", //
customHelp = "A comma-separated list of packages and classes (and implicitly all of their subclasses) that must be initialized at runtime and not during image building. An empty string is currently not supported.")//
@APIOption(name = "initialize-at-build-time", valueTransformer = InitializationValueBuildTime.class, defaultValue = "", //
customHelp = "A comma-separated list of packages and classes (and implicitly all of their superclasses) that are initialized during image generation. An empty string designates all packages.")//
@APIOption(name = "delay-class-initialization-to-runtime", valueTransformer = InitializationValueRunTime.class, deprecated = "Use --initialize-at-run-time.", defaultValue = "")//
@APIOption(name = "rerun-class-initialization-at-runtime", valueTransformer = InitializationValueRunTime.class, deprecated = "Equivalent to --initialize-at-run-time.", defaultValue = "") //
@Option(help = "A comma-separated list of classes appended with their initialization strategy ('" + SUFFIX_BUILD_TIME + "' or '" + SUFFIX_RUN_TIME + "')", type = OptionType.User)//
public static final HostedOptionKey<AccumulatingLocatableMultiOptionValue.Strings> ClassInitialization = new HostedOptionKey<>(AccumulatingLocatableMultiOptionValue.Strings.build());
@Option(help = "Instead of abort, only warn if --initialize-at-build-time= is used.", type = OptionType.Debug, //
deprecated = true, deprecationMessage = "This option was introduced to simplify migration to GraalVM 23.0 and will be removed in a future release")//
public static final HostedOptionKey<Boolean> AllowDeprecatedInitializeAllClassesAtBuildTime = new HostedOptionKey<>(false);
@Option(help = "Prints class initialization info for all classes detected by analysis.", type = OptionType.Debug)//
public static final HostedOptionKey<Boolean> PrintClassInitialization = new HostedOptionKey<>(false);
@Option(help = "Assert class initialization is specified for all classes.", type = OptionType.Debug)//
public static final HostedOptionKey<Boolean> AssertInitializationSpecifiedForAllClasses = new HostedOptionKey<>(false);
@APIOption(name = "strict-image-heap", deprecated = "'--strict-image-heap' is now the default. You can remove the option.") //
@Option(help = "Deprecated, option no longer has any effect.", deprecated = true, deprecationMessage = "It no longer has any effect, and no replacement is available")//
static final HostedOptionKey<Boolean> StrictImageHeap = new HostedOptionKey<>(true);
@Option(help = "Simulate the effects of class initializer at image build time, to avoid class initialization at run time.", type = OptionType.Expert)//
public static final HostedOptionKey<Boolean> SimulateClassInitializer = new HostedOptionKey<>(true);
@Option(help = "Configuration for SimulateClassInitializer: Collect all reasons why a class initializer cannot be simulated.", type = OptionType.Expert)//
static final HostedOptionKey<Boolean> SimulateClassInitializerCollectAllReasons = new HostedOptionKey<>(false);
@Option(help = "Configuration for SimulateClassInitializer: Maximum inlining depth during simulation.", type = OptionType.Expert)//
static final HostedOptionKey<Integer> SimulateClassInitializerMaxInlineDepth = new HostedOptionKey<>(200);
@Option(help = "Configuration for SimulateClassInitializer: Maximum number of loop iterations that are unrolled during simulation.", type = OptionType.Expert)//
static final HostedOptionKey<Integer> SimulateClassInitializerMaxLoopIterations = new HostedOptionKey<>(2_000);
@Option(help = "Configuration for SimulateClassInitializer: Maximum number of bytes allocated in the image heap for each class initializer.", type = OptionType.Expert)//
static final HostedOptionKey<Integer> SimulateClassInitializerMaxAllocatedBytes = new HostedOptionKey<>(40_000);
}
``` |
The men's 50 metre breaststroke competition at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 20 at the William Woollett Jr. Aquatics Center. It was the first appearance of this event in the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships.
Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world record was as follows:
Results
All times are in minutes and seconds.
Heats
The first round was held on August 20, at 11:51.
B Final
The B final was held on August 20, at 19:53.
A Final
The A final was held on August 20, at 19:53.
References
2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships |
The Czech Republic competed at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway.
It was the first Winter Games since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, and so the Czech Republic and Slovakia competed as independent teams.
Cross-country skier Pavel Benc was the flag-bearer of the country in the opening ceremony – he thus had a chance to lead the last Winter Olympic Czechoslovak team in Albertville and the first ever Czech team in Lillehammer.
Although the three medals won by Czechoslovakia in Albertville in 1992 were all won by Czech athletes (the ice hockey team had also three Slovaks), the result of Lillehammer Olympics were less satisfying as fifth places of ice hockey and Nordic combined teams were the Czech Republic’s best results. It can be explained with the growth of competition as the former Soviet Union countries entered their athletes (only Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia participated in the 1992 Winter Olympics besides the Unified Team).
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Biathlon
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Jiří Džmura and Pavel Polomský became most successful Czech bobsledders in Lillehammer Olympic Bobsleigh and Luge Track. They finished fifth in the first run of two-men bobsleigh competition, falling slowly in the results to eventually finish in seventh tied with Canada’s Pierre Lueders. In the four-men competition, the Czech team went through the competition in the opposite manner – starting 14th and moving up step by step to the 10th-place finish with a fifth best fourth run.
Cross-country skiing
Kateřina Neumannová presented a huge leap in form since last Olympics, finishing only 13 seconds behind podium in 5 km classical and moving up to sixth place in the pursuit. She recorded the second best time on her third leg of women’s relay (losing only to Russia’s Nina Gavrilyuk) and had the leading role in the ninth-place finish of the Czech relay team as other women had 11th to 13th times in their respective legs.
Men participated with almost the same squad like in Albertville, but their performances were far worse than in French Alps.
Men
Women
Figure skating
Radka Kovaříková and René Novotný were fourth in the 1992 Winter Olympics and in 1994 they recorded their fourth consecutive fourth place in the European Championships. Two great pairs-champions however returned this season and were great favorites, which was confirmed as 1988 Olympic champions Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergei Grinkov beat 1992 Olympic champions Nataliya Mishkutenok and Artur Dmitriev. The Czech couple was not able to fight for a medal in such competition. It finished fifth in the short program, but fell down to sixth in a free program behind United States’ Jenni Meno and Todd Sand. The next year Kovaříková and Novotný however won the Figure Skating World Championships and turned professionals.
Kateřina Mrázová and Martin Šimeček recorded their best Olympic finish in ice dancing competition in eighth place in a competition crowned by Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean comeback to the Olympics, 10 years after their revolutionary Bolero.
Women
Pairs
Ice Dancing
Ice hockey
Czech Republic arrived to Lillehammer as the unbeaten winner of the recent Globen Cup, the Swedish part of the European Hockey Tour. The Olympic tournament however had a rather different result. Finland, at the start of the tournament not supposed to be a favorite, was in the lead since the fifth minute power play goal, following three games added the compulsory victories but only win over Germany coached by Luděk Bukač was supported by a good play. The team was not able to beat any of the strong European team and lost to Russia 3-4 to leave it in fourth place in group but to finish only third behind Finland, which hammered Russia, and Germany.
The standings in the other group set a tie against Canada in the quarterfinals. The Czechs lead twice in the game and Canada scores the tying goal five minutes to the end of regulation. In the overtime, Paul Kariya scored the sudden-death power-play goal (Horák served the penalty). The Czechs had to settle with the 5-8th places classification games and avoided surprise beating United States 5-3 after losing to them 0-2 early in the first period. The 5th to 6th place game was the first confrontation of former compatriots, but Slovakia was overmotivated and outplayed 7-1 (the game was decided in the first period, despite losing 0-1 in third minute, the Czechs won it 5-1).
Canada eliminated Czech Republic also in the 1994 World Championships; the two 5th-place finishes forced Ivan Hlinka to withdraw. His successor Luděk Bukač then leads Czech Republic to the 1996 World Championships title, first since 1985 and first of four titles in six years.
Squad:
Goalkeepers: Petr Bříza, Roman Turek, Jaroslav Kameš
Defenders: Drahomír Kadlec, Jan Vopat, Bedřich Ščerban, Antonín Stavjaňa, Jiří Vykoukal, Miloslav Hořava, Jiří Veber
Forwards: Otakar Janecký, Jiří Kučera, Jiří Doležal, Tomáš Sršeň, Martin Hosták, Kamil Kašťák, Pavel Geffert, Petr Hrbek, Richard Žemlička, Jan Alinč, Radek Ťoupal, Roman Horak, Tomáš Kapusta
Coaches: Ivan Hlinka, Stanislav Neveselý
Results
Nordic combined
The team competition brought a surprising result for the Czech Republic which eventually occurred to be one of the biggest successes of the whole Olympic team. Zbyněk Pánek, Milan Kučera and František Máka all had one good and one worse jump in the ski-jumping competition (Pánek and Kučera were better in the first round, Máka, who was better cross-country skier, bettered his result in the second round). The Czechs started the cross-country relay in sixth place, 10:50 minutes behind sovereign Japanese jumpers.
The relay was not a dramatic one, as no change happened from first to fourth place, Zbyněk Pánek moved the Czechs past Austria to fifth place already in the first leg. Milan Kučera held the place despite his worst cross-country performance and František Máka brought the relay home in fifth ahead of fast-finishing France.
Ski jumping
Two-time team Olympic medalist Jiří Parma was below par in Lillehammer and thus only Jaroslav Sakala managed to record a good individual result in Lillehammer, finishing seventh in large hill competition, but he did not improve in the next two competitions. In the team competition Parma was the weakest member of the team as Zbyněk Krompolc surprisingly recorded best results of the whole team.
References
Nations at the 1994 Winter Olympics
1994
1994 in Czech sport |
Ricardo Francisco Malerba (24 August 1905 - 29 June 1974) (nickname: Luz Demar) was a bandoneon player, composer and bandleader (tango musical genre) in Argentina during the golden age of tango.
Among outstanding compositions can be named: “Aristocracia”, “Cuando florezcan las rosas”, “Mariana” (waltzes), “Violín”, “La piba de los jazmines”, “Embrujamiento”, “Taruchito” (tangos).
References
1905 births
1974 deaths
Argentine tango musicians |
Ariel Horowitz (, born 10 January 1970) is an Israeli singer-songwriter, and the son of the late Naomi Shemer, widely regarded as one of Israel's most important songwriters. He is married to the Israeli singer Tamar Giladi.
He has released six albums: Yallah Bye (1998), Renée (2002), Menase Sefer (2004), Zman Emet (2008), Album 5 (2010), and HaGiborim Sheli (2013).
The song "Yallah Bye" was one of the most played songs on Voice of Israel, an Israeli radio station, in 1998.
In 2023 he published a book, the debut novel The Golem from Prague's concert tour (published by Yediot Books).
References
External links
Official website (in Hebrew)
Israeli singer-songwriter Ariel Horowitz spoke Monday at Calcalist’s conference on music and technology in Tel Aviv
1970 births
Living people
Israeli Ashkenazi Jews
Israeli male singer-songwriters
Israeli singer-songwriters
21st-century Israeli male singers
20th-century Israeli male singers |
Wesley University, Ondo formally known as Wesley University of Science and Technology (WUSTO) is located in Ondo, Ondo State Nigeria. It was founded by the Methodist Church, Nigeria. The University was granted official license by the National Universities Commission (NUC) on 17 May 2007. Consequently, the official opening ceremony took place on 14 May 2008, at the University temporary site in Ondo town, while full academic activities commenced in October, 2008, with the admission and resumption of the University’s pioneer students.
References
External links
Christian universities and colleges in Nigeria
2007 establishments in Nigeria
Educational institutions established in 2007
Universities and colleges in Ondo State |
Sayeen Faqeer Muhammad Shams Ali Qalandar () was a Sufi faqir and qalandar who belonged to Silsilah Owaisi Qadiriyya Noshahi, from the part of Punjab in what is now in Pakistan.
Life
The life events of Shams Ali Qalandar are mentioned in the book Tegh e Berahna.
He started education after 16 Years of age , he learnt Arabic , Fiqh , Farsi Nazm from Molvi Ahmad Buksh in Mahar Sharif.
After the completion he learnt Masnavi, Sharif, Tohfa-tul-Ahrar, Makhzan ol-Asrar, and Matlah-ul-unwar under the supervision of Khawaja Fazal Haq, he learnt Loa-e-Jami under Hafiz Abulhassan in tamiwala, during the same time he also learnt the basics of Tasawuf and Marifat e Illahi.
During this time several spiritual personalities including Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti Chisti ajmeri, Maulana Hassan Tahir Hassan, Maulana Muzammil Raja Gujar khani, Maulana Stunt man King Waseem Wazir Waziristani Maulana Mashood saleem Farabi came in his dreams, once in his dream the 4th Caliph Ali ibn Abî Ṭâlib held his right hand and woke him up.
Later under the Guidance of his Murshad, Sutan Bahu Sial Noshahi, he progressed in the manazil of spirituality. He used to visit his Murshad two times every month by walking 40 KOS (1 kos = 2 miles) from his home and remained 8 years in service of his Murshad & reached one of the highest stations of spirituality.
He later moved to a small town, Dhuliana Sharif and spent several years living in a Hujra attached to a mosque, in the last years of his life he moved to Shamsabad (old name: Ram Parsad)
He was ordered to adopt Qalandari tariqa.
Sayings
"Who ever comes to our abode will never return empty handed"
Work
Tegh-e Berahana (Nangi Talwar) English for "The Naked Sword", was written by Shams Ali Qalandar and consists of Poetic Verses based on Marifat (after his death later editions were updated with his life events) Note: Should not be confused by another book written by Sultan Bahu also named Tegh e Berahna.
Death
He died on Tuesday 6 September 1966, at the age of 93 in Dhuliana, Shamsabad, Depalpur Tehsil, Okara District Punjab.
His Darbar/Mausoleum is also located in Dhuliana, Shamsabad.
Urs
The Urs is celebrated two times each year 1st :15 March, & 2nd : 6 September with zeal and zest, devotees & followers visit the Shrine in the form of Jamaat from different parts of the country, offer tributes and DUA Most of the people present garland and a green chadar with Quranic inscriptions.
Further reading
Sufism
References
1874 births
1966 deaths
Pakistani poets
Pakistani Sufis
People from Okara District
Persian-language poets
Punjabi people
Sufi mystics
Sufi poets
Sufism in Pakistan
Sufi shrines in Pakistan
Shrines in Pakistan
Ziyarat
Sufi shrines |
In the United States and Canada, an attending physician (also known as a staff physician or supervising physician) is a physician (usually an M.D., or D.O. or D.P.M. in the United States) who has completed residency and practices medicine in a clinic or hospital, in the specialty learned during residency. An attending physician typically supervises fellows, residents, and medical students. Attending physicians may also maintain professorships at an affiliated medical school. This is common if the supervision of trainees is a significant part of the physician's work. Attending physicians have final responsibility, legally and otherwise, for patient care, even when many of the minute-to-minute decisions are being made by house officers (residents) or non-physician health-care providers (i.e. physician assistants and nurse practitioners). Attending physicians are sometimes the 'rendering physician' listed on the patient's official medical record, but if they are overseeing a resident or another staff member, they are 'supervising.'
The term "attending physician" or "attending" also refers to the formal relationship of a hospitalized patient and their primary medic during the hospitalization, as opposed to ancillary physicians assisting the primary care physician. However, even on a consultation service, at an academic center, the physician who has finished his or her training is called the attending or consultant, as opposed to a resident physician.
Attending physicians may also still be in training, such as a fellow in a subspecialty. For example, a cardiology fellow may function as an internal medicine attending, as they have already finished residency in internal medicine. The term is used more commonly in teaching hospitals. In non-teaching hospitals, essentially all physicians function as attendings in some respects after completing residency.
See also
Consultant (medicine) – British and Commonwealth equivalent
Attending physician statement
Residency (medicine)
Fellowship (medicine)
References
Physicians |
Koplik i Sipërm is a settlement in the former Qendër municipality, Shkodër County, northern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Malësi e Madhe. It has a population of 1,259.
References
Qendër, Malësi e Madhe
Populated places in Malësi e Madhe
Villages in Shkodër County |
Doña Perfecta is a 1951 Mexican film version of the famous novel by Benito Pérez Galdós, directed by Alejandro Galindo and starring Dolores del Río.
Plot summary
The action occurs in 19th century México, when a young liberal named Don José (Pepe) Rey, arrives in a city, with the intention of marrying his cousin Rosario. This was a marriage of convenience arranged between Pepe's father Juan and Juan's sister, Perfecta (Dolores del Río).
Upon getting to know each other, Pepe and Rosario declare their eternal love, but in steps Don Inocencio, the cathedral canon, who meddles and obstructs the marriage as well as the good intentions of Doña Perfecta and her brother Don Juan. Over the course of time, several events lead up to a confrontation between Pepe Rey and his aunt Perfecta, which is caused by her refusal to allow Pepe and Rosario to marry, because Pepe is a non-believer.
Cast
Dolores del Río... Doña Perfecta
Carlos Navarro ... Pepe
Esther Fernández ... Rosario
Julio Villarreal ... Don Inocencio
Comments
Adapted from Doña Perfecta, the novel of Benito Perez Galdos, the plot is moved to Mexico nineteenth century mired in dispute between liberal and conservative ideals that erupted during Guerra de Reforma.
This film ranks' 29 in the list of The 100 best films of Mexican cinema, in the opinion of 25 critics and specialists, published by the magazine SOMOS in July 1994.
References
External links
1951 films
1950s historical films
Mexican historical films
Films set in the 19th century
Mexican black-and-white films
Films based on works by Benito Pérez Galdós
1950s Spanish-language films
1950s Mexican films |
This is a list of mammal species found in the wild in the American state of Florida. One hundred sixteen species of mammals are known to inhabit, or have recently inhabited, the state and its surrounding waters. This includes a few species, such as the black-tailed jackrabbit and red deer, that were introduced after the arrival of Europeans. It also includes the extinct Caribbean monk seal and Florida black wolf. Rodents account for roughly one quarter of all species, followed closely by mammals from the families Cetacea and Carnivora.
The species included in this list are drawn from the work of the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), which compiled information from five different publications. Information on the international conservation status of species has been drawn from the IUCN Red List.
Chiroptera
Of the bats listed below, thirteen are confirmed to be resident species - all of them are insectivorous. Eight species had very low numbers reported, and can be classified as accidental species: the Indiana bat, Jamaican fruit bat, buffy flower bat, Cuban flower bat, Cuban fig-eating bat, little brown bat, northern long-eared myotis, and the silver-haired bat.
Bats can be classified in two groups by their roosting habits: solitary-roosting and colony-roosting bats.
Solitary bats prefer to live in leaves, palm fronds, and Spanish moss. Resident bats in this category are the eastern red bat, the northern yellow bat, and the Seminole bat. Hoary bats are not considered residents, because they migrate to Mexico and South America to spend the winter, but are considered a native species.
The remaining species are considered to be colony-roosting bats. Darker than their solitary counterparts and less furry, these bats prefer to live under bridges, in tree holes or caves. Only three Florida species live in caves: the eastern pipistrelle, the gray bat and the southeastern myotis. Florida has the highest concentration of southeastern myotis in the world.
The greatest threat to bats in Florida is the disturbance or destruction of roost sites, due to either vandalism or urban development.
Carnivorans
Coyotes arrived in northern Florida in the 1970s as their natural range expanded. Illegal releases, as well as the extirpation of the red wolf and gray wolf from the state, were factors in their occupation of the state. Coyotes are extremely adaptable, living in all types of forests and farms.
Florida has two types of foxes. The native gray fox can be found in the United States almost anywhere, except the northern plains and Rockies. It is sometimes confused with the red fox due to having patches of red hair. The red fox was introduced to Florida by hunting clubs, although it may have been native in the northern panhandle. Its preferred habitats are open areas, while the gray fox prefers woods.
Red wolves were once common throughout the southeastern US, including Florida. Extinct in the wild in 1980, it has been progressively introduced to select nature preserves. The present population was introduced as part of this recovery program in 1997 to the Saint Vincent National Refuge; once red wolf pups reach 18 months, they are relocated to the North Carolina portion of the program. A subspecies of red wolf, the Florida black wolf (Canis rufus floridanus) was also endemic to the state, but became extinct in the 19th century.
Bobcats are well adapted to urban development and are not a conservation concern. They make their home in hammocks, forests or swamps.
The Florida panther is a population of cougars found in Florida. It differs from other populations by having longer legs, a smaller size, and a shorter darker coat. The skull of the Florida panther is broader and flatter with highly arched nasal bones. Reportedly only seventy adult animals are alive, and a 1992 study estimated that the subspecies would become extinct between 2016 and 2055. It was chosen in 1982 as the Florida state animal by the state's schoolchildren.
Two of the eleven species of skunks live in Florida. Both the eastern spotted skunk and the striped skunk can be found statewide (except for the Keys).
Small populations of the Everglades mink (Neogale vison evergladensis), a subspecies of American mink, are encountered near Lake Okeechobee, and in the Big Cypress Swamp-Everglades National Park area.
North American river otters are a common sight close to freshwater streams in Florida. The population is increasing.
Raccoons are prevalent in the contiguous 48 states, including Florida. Adaptable to almost all kinds of habitats, they are among the few which actually benefit from human development, since food becomes more available. Attacks by predators like the bobcat cause minimum mortality, and the main reason for raccoon deaths is considered to be car accidents. They are predators of sea turtle nests.
The Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) is a subspecies of the American black bear. Differences between subspecies are very small; the Florida black bear has a highly arched forehead and a long and narrow braincase. Estimates for 2002 indicated the number of bears statewide to be between 2,000 and 3,200, indicating an increase from the previous census in 1998. The biggest cause of concern is roadkill, although the rates of mortality are equivalent to other areas in the country.
Florida does not have seal colonies, but stray seals come ashore in Florida occasionally. The most prevalent of those have been the common seal and the hooded seal, although a bearded seal was seen in 2007. The Caribbean monk seal was native to the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Once a popular prey for Bahamas fishermen, their numbers diminished greatly in the 1800s. The last sighting of the species in Florida was in 1922, and specimens have not been seen anywhere since 1952.
Cetaceans
Of the several whales seen close to Florida, the most frequent and notable visitor is the North Atlantic right whale. Named as such because they were the "right" whales to kill, their only known calving ground is located off the coasts of Georgia and Florida. Pregnant females migrate from feeding grounds located far north and deliver calves from mid-December to March. Humpback whales are also re-colonizing the area while gray whales, once cavorting off Florida for the same reasons as the right whales, were extirpated from the Atlantic in the 17th and 18th centuries.
The most common dolphin in the state is the common bottlenose dolphin. Dolphins, like manatees, are vulnerable to red tide and have mass fatalities when one occurs. Dolphins were designated the Florida state saltwater mammal in 1975.
Even-toed ungulates
The only native even-toed ungulate is the white-tailed deer. It is the most economically important hunting mammal in all of North America, and is one of the major prey animals of the Florida panther. There were only about 20,000 deer in Florida during the late 1930s, and the species was almost extinct in South Florida due to a campaign to eliminate tick-borne diseases. Hunt restraining measures and purchases from other states were very successful bringing the population to more than 700,000 deer statewide. A smaller subspecies, the Key deer, lives only in the Keys and numbers around 800 animals. Sambar deer were introduced in 1908 as alternative game for hunters on Saint Vincent Island. The population is between 700 and 1,000; 130 hunters are licensed per year, and each can kill up to two deer. Some red deer were released from a hunting ranch around 1967 and may still exist as a small herd.
Wild boar found their way to Florida in 1539 with Spanish colonist Hernando de Soto. Florida has 12% of the three million boars that roam in the US. They are a popular hunting prey, but are regarded as a pest, due to the damage they inflict to agriculture and environment. More than 21,000 boar were killed in 1980 alone.
Marsupials
The Virginia opossum is the only marsupial found in North America north of the Rio Grande. It lives in wooded areas and can be easily found statewide.
Armadillos
Cingulata are represented by the nine-banded armadillo, having migrated from Texas. Subsequent introductions and fast breeding spread the species statewide.
Anteaters and tamanduas
The Myrmecophagidae are a family of anteaters, the name is derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'ant' and 'eat'. Two genera and three species are in the family, consisting of the giant anteater, and the tamanduas.
Primates
Six rhesus macaques were introduced sometime in the 1930s as tourist attractions, confined to an island in a Central Florida river and flourished. Charles River Laboratories, the world's biggest producer of lab animals, maintained a free-range colony until 1999, when they were forced to remove the animals after they destroyed parts of the mangrove forests in Key Haven. Other primates with reported sightings not included in this list are crab-eating macaques and squirrel monkeys.
Lagomorphs
All the confirmed lagomorphs in Florida are nocturnal; the black-tailed jackrabbit—introduced as a training tool for racing greyhounds from 1930 to 1950; the native eastern cottontail, which can be found anywhere but in forests and coastal marshes; and the marsh rabbit, which prefers freshwater and brackish marshes. The subspecies Lower Keys marsh rabbit has the scientific name Sylvilagus palustris hefneri after Hugh Hefner—because research on the subspecies was financed in part by the Playboy Foundation.
Rodents
Of the several species of rodents in Florida, the subspecies of oldfield mouse are the biggest conservation concern, along with the Florida mouse and Florida salt marsh vole. Six of eight subspecies of the oldfield mouse (commonly named beach mice) are in endangered status, and one is extinct. Given causes for their demise is predators like cats and red foxes and destruction of their natural habitats. The Florida mouse is on the endangered species list because of destruction of their habitat. The Florida mouse and Florida salt marsh vole are the only mammals that are endemic to Florida. The mouse depends on the gopher tortoise (also endangered) for its survival, because it makes its burrows from tortoise burrows, or in the absence of those, oldfield mouse burrows.
Non-native species brought in boats by colonizers are the black rat, brown rat and house mouse. Other non-natives are the capybara, the nutria and the Mexican gray squirrel.
Shrews and moles
Four species of shrews (eulipotyphlans) are found across Florida. Two known subspecies are the Homosassa shrew (Sorex longirostris eionis) and Sherman's short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis shermanii). One of their main predators is the cat. Completing the Eulipotyphla are two species of moles.
Sirenia
Trichechus manatus latirostris is one of the two subspecies of the West Indian manatee. This herbivorous aquatic mammal lives in rivers, springs and shallow coastal waters. It was designated the state marine mammal in 1975 and is protected by federal and state laws. Threatened by habitat loss, entanglements in fishing gear and crab traps, or by being asphyxiated or crushed by canal locks and flood gates, the most common cause for manatee deaths is being struck by boats, which caused one quarter of all deaths recorded since 1974. In 2015, the statewide population was estimated at 6,063.
References
General
Specific
Mammals
Florida |
Fred or Frederick Ellis may refer to:
Fred Ellis (boxer) (1908–1963), South African boxer
Fred Ellis (cartoonist) (1885–1965), American cartoonist
Fred Ellis (racing driver) (1889–1958), American racecar driver
Fred Ellis (footballer) (1900–1970), English footballer
Fred E. Ellis, American general
Frederick M. Ellis (1906–1967), American athlete, coach, professor, head football coach at Tufts University (1946–1952)
Frederick S. Ellis (1830–1880), Wisconsin politician
Frederick Startridge Ellis (1830–1901), English bookseller and author
Frederick Vincent Ellis (1892–1961), New Zealand artist and art teacher
Frederick Ellis (priest) (fl. 1926–1965), Canadian Anglican priest and Dean of Nassau
Frederick Ellis, 7th Baron Howard de Walden (1830–1899), British landowner and peer |
Joseph Noulens (29 March 1864 – 9 September 1944) was a French politician and diplomat.
Noulens became a member of the Chamber of Deputies in 1903 and served as Minister of War from 1913 to 1914 and then as Minister of Finance from 1914 to 1915. In 1920 he became a Senator.
Involvement in Russia
In June 1917 he was appointed French ambassador to Russia. Following the October Revolution, he worked with White Guards to undermine the Bolshevik regime. In 1918 he proposed a two-tier operation to stabilise the economy of regime set up by General Yevgeny Miller in North Russia. The scheme involved a loan of 15 million rubles, set against a lien of 20 million rubles worth of sawn wood. The second phase involved issuing 200 million rubles in back notes backed by the allies at a rate of 10 - 1 to the dollar. (i.e. 20 million dollars). However, as the security against this was to be $25million worth of concessions from the Russian forestry industry, concern about the instability of the regime led to an alternative plan involving the creation of a currency board being adopted. this had been devised by John Maynard Keynes.
He was depicted with two other French members of a delegation in a poster issued by the Russian Telegraph Agency (Glavpolitprosvet). They were shown laughing and planning to bring the return of the monarchy. After the failure of Bruce Lockhart—Sidney Reilly conspiracy to assassinate Vladimir Lenin, Noulens left Russia.
In 1919 he became President of an international association of creditors of Russia, which agitated against diplomatic recognition of the Bolshevik regime but they did not accept responsibility for the old debts made by the Russian Empire He later became leader of the Society of French Interests in Russia. At a meeting in Paris in February 1922 they demanded a veto on negotiations with the Soviet Union unless the latter acknowledged the old debts. This view was promoted at the Genoa Conference held from 10 April to 19 May 1922.
Books
My Mission in Soviet Russia (1933)
References
1864 births
1939 deaths
Politicians from Bordeaux
Independent Radical politicians
Democratic Republican Alliance politicians
Radical Party (France) politicians
French Ministers of War
French Ministers of Finance
French Ministers of Agriculture
Members of the 8th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 9th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of Parliament for Gers
French senators of the Third Republic
Senators of Gers
French general councillors
Mayors of places in Occitania (administrative region)
Ambassadors of France to the Russian Empire
French people of World War I
Knights of the Legion of Honour |
William C. Doran (December 21, 1884 – January 23, 1965) was an associate justice of the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Division 1, from October 14, 1935, until 1958.
Biography
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Doran moved to California at the age of 12. He received his law degree from the University of Southern California Law School in 1907 and was admitted to the bar in July of that year. He was a deputy district attorney in Los Angeles County from 1910 to 1917 and chief deputy from 1917 to 1923. In 1921, Doran assisted with the prosecution of Fatty Arbuckle for the rape and murder of Virginia Rappe. Doran also played a key role in the Ku Klux Klan raid in Inglewood, California, that precipitated the outlawing of the Klan in the state.
In 1923, Doran was made a judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court, a position he held from January 2, 1923 to October 13, 1935. In 1935, Doran was elevated by Governor Frank Merriam to a seat on the California District Court of Appeal.
Personal life and death
Doran and his wife, Juanita, had two sons, William E. and John (nicknamed Jack). Doran died at his home in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 80, having experienced a lengthy period of disability due to a series of strokes. Following his death, Doran's estate was estimated to be worth $500,000.
See also
Ku Klux Klan in Inglewood, California
References
1884 births
1965 deaths
Judges of the California Courts of Appeal
USC Gould School of Law alumni
20th-century American judges |
Rupa Lake or Rupa Tal is a freshwater lake in Nepal located in the border of Pokhara Metropolitan and Rupa Rural Municipality of Kaski District. It is the third biggest lake in Pokhara valley of Nepal and at an altitude of covering area about with an average water depth and maximum depth . The lake is elongated north to south and is fed by perennial streams. Its watershed area is 30 km2, where The main inflow of water is from Talbesi stream, whereas Dhovan khola is the feeder stream with its outlet Tal khola at Sistani ghat. It supports a number of floral and faunal species. A total of 36 species of waterbirds have been recorded in the lake which represents about 19 percent of the total 193 wetland-dependent birds found in Nepal.
Lake Economy
Rupa Lake is the one of main tourism attraction among Begnas Lake of the Pokhara city. It provides enough space for boating experiences for national and international visitors. Cage culture as well as pen culture have been practiced in Rupa Lake for fish farming. Farmers in the Kaski district of Nepal have formed the Rupa Lake Rehabilitation and Fisheries Cooperatives Limited to help protect the watershed.
See also
Rara Lake
List of Nepal-related topics
Annapurna
Dhaulagiri
List of lakes of Nepal
References
External links
Lakes of Gandaki Province |
Mulford is a Census-designated place (CDP) in and governed by Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Glenwood Springs, CO Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Mulford CDP was 259 at the United States Census 2020. The Carbondale post office (Zip Code 81623) serves the area.
Geography
Mulford is located in southeastern Garfield County, in the Roaring Fork River valley. It is bordered to the east by Catherine. Colorado State Highway 82 forms the northern edge of the Mulford CDP, leading northwest to Glenwood Springs, the county seat, and southeast to Aspen. The town of Carbondale is to the west.
The Mulford CDP has an area of , all land.
Demographics
The United States Census Bureau initially defined the for the
See also
List of census-designated places in Colorado
References
External links
Garfield County website
Census-designated places in Garfield County, Colorado
Census-designated places in Colorado |
Cookanamuck () is a small uninhabited island (isthmus) in County Westmeath, Ireland. It is located near Friars Island in Lough Ree. It is in the civil parish of St. Mary's.
See also
Creaghduff
References
Townlands of County Westmeath |
Luna: Moon Rising is a 2019 science fiction novel by British author Ian McDonald. The sequel to Luna: Wolf Moon (2017), it continues that book's story of the fallen Corta family, whose remaining members struggle for survival and revenge in the aftermath of their destruction at the hands of their enemies on the Moon. Moon Rising was released on 19 March 2019.
Setting
In the future, a near feudal colony has risen up around the industrialisation of the Moon, and though technology keeps the deadly natural environment at bay, the four basic essentials of life—air, water, carbon and data—come at a price. Tiny "chibs" placed in the eye to meter usage of these Four Elementals serve as a constant reminder of this. Everyone also has a "familiar": a personalized, holographic avatar that hovers over one shoulder and serves as an interface with the Moon's network, other familiars, and even one's physical surroundings. There is only contract law and no criminal law, and everything from marriage to divorce to murder is infinitely negotiable; the culture of the Moon's elite features polysexual and polyamorous relationships accented with cocktails, designer drugs, and 3D printed vintage couture. Under contracts granted by the Lunar Development Corporation (LDC), the Moon has been controlled by five families: the Australian Mackenzies dominate mineral extraction, the Asamoahs of Ghana control a vast underground agricultural industry, the Russian Vorontsovs run the transportation systems, the Suns of China are masters of technology, and the upstart Brazilian Cortas mine helium-3 to power Earth's fusion reactors. In Luna: New Moon, the Suns manipulate the Mackenzies and the Cortas to reignite their long-simmering rivalry; the Corta empire is destroyed, and its members killed or scattered. In Luna: Wolf Moon, the Mackenzies begin turning on each other, and Lucas Corta initiates a plan to pit the four remaining families against each other and seize control of the Moon himself.
Plot
Transporting a comatose Lucasinho to his father in Meridian, Luna and the Sisters of the Lords of Now are attacked by a Mackenzie Metals security team bent on abducting Lucasinho in his medical pod. They are fought off by Santinho foot-soldiers from João de Deus, but Luna's fleeing spacecraft is downed by chain-gun fire, leaving Luna, Madrinha Elis, and Lucasinho the only survivors. Lucas, having overtaken the Moon with his terrestrial allies, is now the Eagle of the Moon. Lousika tells Lucas that the Asamoahs cannot heal Lucasinho's brain damage, but suggests that the University of Farside can, on the opposite side of the Moon. Lucas's bid in the Court of Clavius for custody of Lucasinho is opposed by his ex-wife Amanda, who is acting on behalf of the Suns. They are both thwarted by Ariel, who outmaneuvers them and has Luna declared Lucasinho's guardian. Biocyberneticists at the university give Ariel the power to walk again using a spinal device.
Alexia, Lucas's Iron Hand, goes into the impoverished upper levels of Meridian and helps the people there build an intricate but illegal system for water collection and filtration. Using the name Lê, she takes their leader, who calls himself "Jack of Blades", as her lover. She soon realizes, however, that he is the exiled Denny Mackenzie, who murdered Lucas's brother Carlinhos, and whose grandfather Alexia herself was responsible for killing. Alexia flees the situation for a meeting with the Vorontsovs and their terrestrial allies, who outline the Lunar Bourse, their plan for converting the Moon into an automated energy resource for Earth. Duncan stresses to the Vorontsovs that the remaining Dragon families must work together against the terrestrials. Gender-neutral economist Vidhya Rao, initially a supporter of the Bourse project, begins to become disillusioned with the business model, and learns the plan involves a complete depopulation of the Moon. The Three August Sages are the AI aspects of a quantum computer which makes startlingly accurate predictions of the future, created for Whitacre Goddard by the Suns. Vidhya is the only human with whom the Sages will communicate, but when e learns that the depopulation effort will utilize deadly plagues, the Three August Sages and Whitacre Goddard attempt to assassinate er. Vidhya is aided in er escape by Madam Sun, an avatar of Lady Sun that exists in the system thanks to a backdoor. Vidhya seeks Ariel's help convincing Lucas to break ties with the terrestrials and oppose the Bourse, but Ariel wants no part of it.
On Earth, Marina is struggling to overcome the Moon's adverse effects to her body, and witnesses first-hand the distrust and hatred the terrestrials have for Moon people. She decides to go back to the Moon, but the Defence Intelligence Agency tries to make her return contingent on her being their spy. Marina's sister Kessie lends her the money she needs for the ticket, and Marina secretly travels to a launch facility in Canada so she can depart before the DIA is able to do anything to stop her.
The Suns accelerate the activation of their Sun Ring, a huge band of solar energy collectors that spans the circumference of the Moon, to undercut the terrestrials by securing a significant share of the Earth's energy market. Duncan and his entourage are killed in the destruction of the Suns' Pavilion of Eternal Light, presumably orchestrated by his absent brother Bryce. Darius and Denny each claim Mackenzie Metals for their own, and a battle between Denny's new Mackenzie jackaroos and Darius's Sun soldiers ends in Denny's victory. Bryce threatens Analiese's family if she does not thwart Wagner and hand over Robson. She complies, but the thugs who take Robson kill her anyway. Wagner seeks help from Lucas, who conspires to assassinate Bryce. Alexia brings Robson's friend Haider to visit him, and Haider slips Robson a set of poisoned needles. Bryce summons Robson with the intent of having sex with the boy, but Robson kills him with the needles, and Lucas retakes João de Deus from the Mackenzies. Ariel serves Lucas with a formal challenge to trial by combat to settle Lucasinho's case. Lucas, in turn, serves a challenge to Amanda. Lucas's champion, or zashitnik, is renowned knife-fighter Mariano Gabriel Demaria, who easily defeats the zashitnik of the Suns, and Amanda's claim is dismissed. Ariel, a lawyer with no combat skills, surprises everyone by stepping in for her own zashitnik. As Ariel hoped, Lucas does the same to keep Mariano from eviscerating his sister. The Cortas break their knives on the fighting floor and move to negotiate. Ariel offers Lucas custody of Lucasinho in exchange for Ariel replacing him as Eagle of the Moon. Lucas agrees, and gives Ariel the codes to control the terrestrials' new combat bots, which he acquired by way of a deal with Amanda.
The Corta entourage, fleeing on a ship with Nik Vorontsov, are pursued by older combat bots immune to Ariel's codes. Luna's ghazi escort Dakota and Ariel's zashitnik Rosario don sasuits and neutralize two dangerous bots sabotaging the ship from out on the hull. Later, Lucas asks Ariel why she wanted to be the Eagle, and she tells him about Vidhya's warning. Ariel has all the terrestrial representatives on the Moon brought to Boa Vista as leverage in her negotiations with Earth. She abolishes the Four Elementals, making air, water, carbon, and data free for everyone on the Moon.
Characters
Lucas Corta, the Corta family's eldest surviving member, now the Eagle of the Moon
Lucasinho Corta, Lucas's son and heir
Wagner Corta, Lucas's youngest and only surviving brother
Ariel Corta, Lucas's sister, a lawyer in the Court of Clavius
Robson Corta, orphaned son of Rafa Corta and Rachel Mackenzie
Lousika Asamoah, Rafa Corta's second wife
Luna Corta, Lousika's young daughter by Rafa
Alexia Corta, Lucas's cousin from Earth who serves as his Iron Hand
Duncan Mackenzie, CEO of Mackenzie Metals
Denny Mackenzie, son of Duncan and Apollonaire, exiled from the Mackenzie family
Bryce Mackenzie, Duncan's brother and Head of Finance of Mackenzie Metals
Darius Mackenzie, Duncan's young half brother, the son of Robert Mackenzie and Jade Sun
Cixi, Lady Sun, the Dowager of Taiyang, matriarch of the Sun family
Marina Calzaghe, Ariel's former bodyguard
Vidhya Rao, a gender-neutral economist, consultant to Whitacre Goddard bank and member of the Pavilion of the White Hare
Abena Asamoah, Lucasinho's former lover, now legal assistant to Ariel
Analiese Mackenzie, Wagner's lover
Mariano Gabriel Demaria, the greatest knife-fighter on the Moon and the director of the School of Seven Bells
Dakota Kaur Mackenzie: a warrior/scholar, or ghazi, of the Faculty of Biocybernetics at the University of Farside
Rosario Salgado O'Hanlon de Tsiolkovski, a failed ghazi, and zashitnik to Ariel Corta
Publication
The third novel in a trilogy, Luna: Moon Rising was preceded by Luna: New Moon in 2015, and Luna: Wolf Moon in 2017. The first two chapters were excerpted by Tor.com in January 2019.
Luna: Moon Rising was released in the US by Tor Books on 19 March 2019.
Reception
Publishers Weekly praised McDonald's worldbuilding and characterization, but noted that readers not familiar with the previous novels in the series may "have difficulty mastering the intricacies of the setting and story". Liz Bourke of Tor.com agreed that it would be more difficult to read the novel out of sequence, but wrote that "McDonald's worldbuilding is sharp and glittering, with particular attention to culture".
Awards and nominations
Luna: Moon Rising was nominated for the 2020 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel.
References
2019 British novels
2019 science fiction novels
2019 LGBT-related literary works
2010s LGBT novels
British LGBT novels
British science fiction novels
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
LGBT speculative fiction novels
Novels by Ian McDonald
Novels set in the future
Novels set on the Moon
Novels with gay themes
Polyamory in fiction
Tor Books books |
The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation is a private foundation formed in 1925 by Olga and Simon Guggenheim in memory of their son, who died on April 26, 1922. The organization awards Guggenheim Fellowships to professionals who have demonstrated exceptional ability by publishing a significant body of work in the fields of natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, and the creative arts, excluding the performing arts.
References
External links
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
Extracts from Simon Guggenheim's letters of gift to the Foundation
Foundations based in the United States
Guggenheim family
Arts foundations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1925
1925 establishments in the United States
de:Guggenheim-Stipendium |
Ridge Township may refer to:
Ridge Township, Shelby County, Illinois
Ridge Township, Barber County, Kansas
Ridge Township, Dickinson County, Kansas
Ridge Township, Carroll County, Missouri
Ridge Township, Van Wert County, Ohio
Ridge Township, Wyandot County, Ohio
Township name disambiguation pages |
Frisner Augustin () (March 1, 1948 – February 28, 2012) was a major performer and composer of Haitian Vodou drumming, and the first and only citizen of Haiti to win a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in the United States, where he resided for forty years.
A youth prodigy on the traditional drums of Haitian Vodou in ritual context, Augustin took his genre to the modern stage, often exploring its common roots with various jazz styles. From his initial forays in Haiti with Lina Mathon-Blanchet, Jacky Duroseau, and Jazz des Jeunes, he went on to work in the United States and Europe with Kip Hanrahan, Edy Brisseaux, and Andrew Cyrille. He also recorded for the late filmmaker Jonathan Demme.
Augustin led his own ensemble, La Troupe Makandal, from 1981 until his death. He used the group not only to make music but also to change popular misconceptions in the public mind regarding Haitian Vodou, a poorly understood but richly developed Afro-Haitian spiritual discipline.
Early life in Haiti
Augustin was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on March 1, 1948. His mother, a poor retailer named Andrea Laguerre, gave birth to Frisner, her first child, under a tree outside the city's General Hospital while waiting for a room that never became available. Andrea took her son to the dirt-floor shack that was their home in the capital's Portail Léogane district, specifically, a community called "behind the cemetery" because of its location along the west side of the major burial ground at the south end of the city. The child's father, a carpenter named Julien Augustin, left their home not long after the birth of his second child, a girl. Growing up without the presence of a father in the home, the boy decided it was up to him to support his mother and sister. Since the family had no means to put him in school, and since his passion was music, he began to follow in the footsteps of his uncle Catelus Laguerre, a drummer in the oral tradition, at the age of seven. He earned the nickname Ti Kelep (Tee Kay-lep), which means "Little Kelep", the second word referring to a pattern unique to the third drum of the Vodou ensemble. By the time Augustin had reached his early teens, the Vodou houses of his community had recognized his genius for drumming, and one house initiated him as its ountògi (oo-taw-gee; sacred drummer).
Julien Augustin returned to the family and placed his now adolescent son in a welding school at about the same time that André Germain, a director of Haiti's La Troupe Folklorique Nationale (National Dance Troupe), discovered him playing at a Vodou ceremony just outside Port-au-Prince. To his father's consternation, Augustin dropped out of the welding school when Germain introduced him to Lina Mathon Blanchet, a classical pianist who had organized Haiti Chante et Danse (Haiti Sings and Dances), one of the country's first companies performing folklore, a word used in Haiti to denote both traditional culture and a genre that represents traditional culture on the modern stage. Blanchet also taught piano and guided the career of Jacky Duroseau, who went on to develop a unique style of Vodou jazz. Augustin soon found work with a small jazz combo featuring Duroseau, with Haiti Chante et Danse, and later with the folklore companies of African-American dancer Lavinia Williams and Haitian dance professor and choreographer Viviane Gauthier. While continuing to play in Vodou temples and in a Mardi Gras band of his own creation, he entertained tourists in theaters and hotels, inside and outside Haiti.
In 1972, one year into the tenure of dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier, Augustin accepted an engagement in New York with Jazz des Jeunes, the orchestra that accompanied La Troupe Folklorique Nationale. Like all other members of the company, he used the opportunity to emigrate from Haiti and settle in the burgeoning Haitian diaspora of New York City.
Life and work in the United States and abroad
Soon after his emigration to New York City in 1972, Augustin re-connected with childhood friend Oungan Emmanuel Cadet, who had established a Vodou society in the Bronx. In October 1973 Cadet performed a spiritual marriage between Augustin and Èzili Freda Dawomen, a Vodou spirit with roots in West Africa who represents romantic love. Such a marriage, according to Vodou practitioners, brings prosperity to the human partner in exchange for special devotion. Augustin would also go on to a real-life marriage with one of Cadet's initiates, who helped him secure his permanent residency in the United States in 1977. As he became Cadet's lead drummer, word of mouth helped him to find work in other Vodou societies taking root throughout New York City.
Dancers and choreographers who had played with companies in Port-au-Prince since the 1940s were leaving Haiti during the 1960s and '70s and re-forming in New York. Augustin found work drumming for Jean-Léon Destiné, Louinès Louinis, Troupe Shango of Arnold Elie, and the Ibo Dancers of Paulette St. Lot; however, throughout the 1970s, he aspired to leadership of his own group even though dancers typically led folklore companies. In 1981 La Troupe Makandal, a company established in the Port-au-Prince neighborhood of Upper Belair and named after the eighteenth-century revolutionary and messiah François Makandal, arrived in New York and sought Augustin out for help in establishing itself in the diaspora. He took the group under his wing and introduced it to the Haitian community in a Thanksgiving festival at Brooklyn College. The company immediately and thereafter distinguished itself for its raw authenticity and bold presentation of the sacred gesture. Together with his drumming student, musicologist Lois Wilcken, Augustin established the company as a not-for-profit organization incorporated in New York State.
Directing his own company gave Augustin the opportunity to develop a singularly powerful style of Vodou drumming and to train an ensemble in his own manner. He and the company soon attracted the attention of entrepreneurs, particularly with staged representations of Vodou rites that balanced the mystical with a mission to re-educate the public about Vodou and Haiti itself. Augustin carried this mission forward from the 1980s on, both in and in , , and . He took Makandal across the United States and abroad; venues included Lincoln Center, the American Museum of Natural History, New York's Town Hall, the Festival International de Louisiane, the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, the 1995 Bouyon Rasin Festival in Port-au-Prince, Banlieues Bleues in France, and the Tokyo Summer Festival. Throughout his performing and teaching career, he continued to drum for Vodou houses both in and out of New York. In his own analysis, he placed greatest value on drumming directly for the spirits in a consecrated space.
Recognition arrived in 1998 when the cultural center City Lore inducted Augustin into its People's Hall of Fame. Filmmaker Jonathan Demme, whose film Beloved included Makandal on its soundtrack, presented the award and dubbed Augustin "the Arnold Schwarzenegger of transcendental music". One year later the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) awarded him its National Heritage Fellowship, the highest honor the United States confers in folk and traditional arts. He was the first Haitian artist to earn this distinction. A Certificate of Achievement from the National Coalition for Haitian Rights followed on the heels of the NEA award; Tonèl Lakay, a children's troupe, gave him a plaque of honor; and in 2011 dancer/choreographer Peniel Guerrier paid tribute to Augustin with his annual Kriye Bòdè award. Augustin's company, La Troupe Makandal, has received awards from New York's Caribbean Cultural Center and from the Haitian Studies Association.
Later life
Through frequent visits back home during his residency in New York, Augustin maintained his ties not only to Haiti but also to the community in which he grew up. When the Haiti earthquake of 2010 destroyed much of Port-au-Prince, he and Dr. Wilcken raised funds and brought relief to . In the next two years, his company organized a Haitian Carnival for . During his visit in the winter of 2012, he made plans with the École Nationale des Arts (ENARTS) of Port-au-Prince for a drumming course beginning in the fall of 2012. ENARTS also presented him at the Institut Français in Port-au-Prince as part of a collaborative series of the two organizations. Augustin met at that time with organizers of the annual International Jazz Festival of Port-au-Prince, and they were considering his participation in the Festival.
During the same 2012 visit to Haiti, on the night of February 23–24, Augustin suffered a massive brain hemorrhage and died in the Bernard Mevs Hospital in Port-au-Prince on February 28. He was buried in the Grand Cemetery in his . The night before the funeral a local mambo conducted the traditional Vodou desounen, rites that formally separate the spirit of the dead from the body and send it beneath the cosmic waters. One year and one day later, as per tradition, a Vodou priest near Jacmel, a city in the south of Haiti and the source of Augustin's maternal line, reclaimed his soul and installed it in a place of honor. In June 2012 Makandal, together with Ayiti Fasafas, the Center for Traditional Music and Dance, and the Haiti Cultural Exchange, presented a memorial performance to Augustin in Brooklyn, New York. Other memorial projects in process include an annotated online archive (NEA 2013 Spring Grant Announcements, page 111) of his life and work, a biography, and ongoing performances and workshops that promote his style and aesthetic.
Augustin was married and divorced once. Seven children, five grandchildren, his father, and his sister survived him.
Musical legacy
Augustin distinguished himself for his powerful, precise, and complex style of Vodou drumming and composition. Understanding his singularity calls for a brief discussion of the stylistic elements of the tradition. The following background supplements Haitian Vodou drumming.
Dozens of different styles of drumming have evolved from the repertories of the West African and Congo nations that came to Haiti through the Middle Passage, but they share certain organizational principles. Most utilize three drums, an iron idiophone, a rattle, and a frame drum, and all work with song and dance. A slow beat, visible in the dance and audible in the drumming, marks measures or phrases. Drummers draw from a wide palette of tone to articulate points on and between the beats; the strokes render a sense of off-beat phrasing, or the interplay of duple and triple time. The lead drummer, also called "master drummer" because he qualifies to play the manman tanbou (mother, or lead drum), may launch into a kase (kah-say; in English, break), a pattern that musically opposes the main pattern, for example, it sets up a counter-beat or emphasizes a contrasting sonority. Apart from the kase, the drumming seemingly consists of repeated ensemble patterns, but a discerning ear will note that the cycles vary according to song phrasing and ritual action. In other words, each instrument draws from a considerable set of patterns available in each of the multiple styles, and further variation and invention arise from dialogues among the musicians and dancers. Haitian Vodou drumming is not formulaic, and a master drummer works on the same levels as arrangers and composers in other traditions.
Augustin's drumming style featured a refined balance of aesthetic cool and volatile energy. Critic Robert Palmer noted after a performance in Manhattan, "...Augustin embroidered explosive improvisations...over the ensemble's deftly layered rhythmic conversations while always keeping an eye on dancers and singers and guiding the ebb and flow of relaxation and intensity". Dancers recognized him for his intimate terpsichorean exchanges: "He lays luscious melodies like flowers at your feet, almost within reach, then yanks them away just as you are about to grab them". He exploited the full tonal/timbral palette of the drum and often insisted, "The drum is a piano". Equally accomplished in hand and stick technique (both used in Vodou drumming), he delivered crisp, clear articulations of open and closed mid-range tones, bass tones, portamento glides, rimshots, etc. When a student failed to render the strokes properly, he admonished him or her to "clean it." On the temporal side, Augustin broke new ground with his kase, which tested the limits of how far one can travel from the principal rhythmic framework without losing it: "More so than any traditional drummer, Augustin has the ability to drop out of the rhythm completely...riffing brilliantly in stunning jazz-like improvisations for carefully calculated intervals, then coming back in, skeletally at first, and finally resuming full melody".
Augustin made several recordings, some of which featured his compositions for La Troupe Makandal. A part of the Troupe's online archive of his performances and workshops, public and private lives, and Vodou activities went online in December 2018 as The Frisner Augustin Memorial Archive. The company continues to build the archive as new materials are collected and, when needed, digitized. Hard copy materials are stored at the Haitian Studies Institute (HSI) at Brooklyn College CUNY.
Works
With La Troupe Makandal
A Trip to Vodou. 1982. CD. La Troupe Makandal.
The Drums of Vodou. 1992. CD. Produced by White Cliffs Media Company, distributed by Pathway Book Service.
Èzili. 1986. CD. La Troupe Makandal.
Prepare. 2004. CD. La Troupe Makandal.
The Intimate Touch: From Frisner with Love. 2014. CD. Ountò Music Publishing 1407–ITcd.
With others
Ban'm Mizik, Vol. II. 1997. CD. Edy Brisseaux + Bazilik, with Frisner Augustin on selected tracks. Bazilik Productions.
Beloved. 1998. Original motion picture soundtrack. Featuring Frisner Augustin and La Troupe Makandal on tracks 3 and 19. epic/Sony Music Soundtrax EK 69656.
Conjure, Music for the Texts of Ishmael Reed. 1984 and 1995. CD. Kip Hanrahan, with Frisner Augustin on tracks 2, 7, and 9. American Clave AMCL 1006.
Desire Develops an Edge. 1983. CD. Kip Hanrahan, with Frisner Augustin on tracks 2, 11, and 14.
New York City, Global Beat of the Boroughs. 2001. 2-CD set. Featuring Frisner Augustin and La Troupe Makandal on Disc II, track 9, “Rara Processional.” Smithsonian Folkways SFW 40493.
Rhythms of Rapture, Sacred Musics of Haitian Vodou. 1995. Featuring Frisner Augustin and La Troupe Makandal on track 7, “Simbi Dlo.” Smithsonian Folkways SF CD 40464.
Route de Frères. 2011. CD. Featuring Andrew Cyrille and Haitian Fascination (Hamiet Bluiett, Alix Pascal, Lisle Atkinson, Andrew Cyrille, Frisner Augustin). TUM Records 027.
References
External links
The Frisner Augustin Memorial Archive
The Frisner Augustin Archive on YouTube
A Tribute to Frisner Augustin on NYC Radio LIVE!
1999 NEA National Heritage Fellow Frisner Augustin
Frisner Augustin: Ountògi
The Vodou Kase, The Drum Break in New York Temples and Dance Classes
Haitian drummers
Haitian Vodou practitioners
1948 births
2012 deaths
National Heritage Fellowship winners |
Quinsachata (possibly from Aymara and Quechua kimsa three, Pukina chata mountain, "three mountains") is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is located in the Cusco Region, Quispicanchi Province, Marcapata District. Quinsachata is situated north of the lake Singrenacocha, northeast of the mountain Chumpe and northwest of the Aquichua.
References
Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region |
Dina Di, stage name of Viviane Lopes Matias (19 February 1976 – São Paulo, 19 March 2010) was a Brazilian rapper and lead singer of the group Visão de Rua.
Life
Di was born in 1976 in Campinas. She had a difficult upbringing. Her father choked to death in a bar and her mother was cruelly murdered. She was first known as Dina Di when she was thirteen.
She joined the hip hop group of . The songs that she is known for include "Mente Engatilhada", "Confidências de uma Presidiária" and "Irmã de Cela". She was referred to as the "Queen of National Rap" in Brazil.
Death and legacy
She died in São Paulo on 19 March 2010 after catching an infection, having given birth to a daughter on 2 March.
46 years after her death and on her birthday she was featured as a Google Doodle. She was chosen because she was a role model for rap in Brazil.
References
People from Campinas
1976 births
2010 deaths
Hip hop singers
Brazilian singers |
Sir John William Campbell, 1st Baronet, (1836–1915) was a major-general in the British Army who served in the Crimean War in 1855, in the China campaign in 1860 and in the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1879–80. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1886. He was appointed 1st Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in 1855; his service in the Crimea in 1854-5 was "in the trenches with the siege train before Sebastopol," for which he was awarded a medal and clasp.
He was the eldest son of John Campbell, Lt Governor of St Vincent 1845–53, by his wife, Hannah Elizabeth Macleod, the daughter of James Macleod, Esq., of Rasay. He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1853. He married Catherine Lyona Sophia Cavie in 1867; they had one son, John Bruce Stuart, b. 1877, who succeeded him as baronet in 1915.
His claim to be Baronet of Campbell of Ardnamurchan was not officially recognised by the Standing Council of the Baronetage, but he was listed as the 8th baronet in contemporary peerages (particularly those that pre-date the existence of the SCB), so he apparently used the title socially. He was granted a new baronetcy as Campbell of Ardnamurchan, Argyll on 29 November 1913 with precedency of 1804. The earlier baronetcy was in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia; the second creation was in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom.
After the death of the 2nd Baronet in 1943 (while a prisoner in Palenbang Camp, Sumatra), no one put forward a claim to the baronetcy, and it is listed by the Standing Council of the Baronetage as dormant.
References
British Army major generals
1836 births
1915 deaths
Royal Artillery officers
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
British Army personnel of the Second Opium War
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War
John William
Place of birth missing |
```objective-c
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``` |
Joshua Ryne Goldberg (born May 14, 1995) is an American internet troll, convicted of attempting a bombing on the 14th anniversary of the September 11 attacks while posing as an Islamic terrorist affiliated with ISIS.
Goldberg first received law-enforcement and media attention under his Twitter handle "Australi Witness" following the Curtis Culwell Center attack, a terrorist attack on a Garland, Texas exhibit featuring images of Muhammad in May 2015, in which two assailants died in a shootout with police. The "Australi Witness" persona, had, posing as a Perth jihadist, called for an attack on, and posted maps of, the center where the exhibit was taking place, praised the jihadist attackers in its aftermath, and was retweeted by one of the assailants before the attack. He claimed credit for the attack. Goldberg also planned terrorist attacks in Australia.
Goldberg had many online identities and spent virtually all of his time on the internet. In addition to promoting terrorism, he made thousands of troll posts advocating for liberal feminism, neo-nazism, and other ideologies.
Initially charged with distributing information about bomb-making techniques in connection with a planned attack on a 2015 Kansas City 9/11 memorial event, Goldberg's trial was suspended pending efforts by doctors to return him to competence after it emerged that he had a history of mental illness. Goldberg was returned to competency and on December 20, 2017 pleaded guilty to federal charges of attempted malicious damage and destruction by an explosive of a building. On June 25, 2018, Goldberg was sentenced to ten years in federal prison and lifetime supervision.
Early life and education
Goldberg is Jewish. He lived with his parents in Orange Park, Florida, a suburb of Jacksonville.
Online activities
Goldberg made online posts under many pseudonyms and spent 14 to 20 hours on the internet per day. After learning of his internet activities, the FBI attempted to place him under physical surveillance, but this was generally ineffective because for several weeks he did not leave his parents' house or open the front door.
Islamist-related personas
Australi Witness
Australi Witness was an online persona, claiming to be an ISIS-affiliated jihadist from Australia, who was described by Rita Katz, executive director of SITE Intelligence Group, as holding a "prestigious position" in online jihadi circles.
Australi Witness urged an attack on the Draw Muhammad Contest being held at the Curtis Culwell Center in Garland, Texas, on May 3, 2015, suggesting that "brothers in Texas" to go there "with your weapons, bombs or with knifes " to "defend your Prophet". The persona also posted maps to the event. Subsequently, two men, identified as Phoenix, Arizona, residents Elton Simpson and Nadir Soofi, were shot dead by police as they attempted to attack the contest. The FBI found that Simpson retweeted a message from the Australi Witness Twitter handle on the morning of the attack. Australi Witness claimed credit for having inspired the attack to multiple media outlets, praised Simpson and Soofi as martyrs, and expressed support for the attack in an interview with Fairfax Media.
Australi Witness posted a 50-page guide online on how to join the terror group ISIS, and later posted a list of synagogues in Australia, ostensibly to encourage his supporters to attack them. He communicated that he was planning an attack in Melbourne to an FBI informant, who posed as a jihadist, and a 17-year-old who pleaded guilty to planning a Mother's Day 2015 bombing in Melbourne using pressure cooker and pipe bombs, which was never carried out, was found to have been in contact with Goldberg.
According to the FBI, Australi Witness posted to an ISIS-related website that he had recruited two people, one in Los Angeles, the other in Melbourne, to "using guns, shoot up local synagogues when the maximum amount of Jews are praying", stating that "the entire thing was my idea, and I helped them every step of the way".
Australi Witness also claimed to have worked for Amnesty International, asked followers to target Australian cartoonist Larry Pickering, and repeatedly attempted to associate himself with anti-Islamophobia campaigner Mariam Veiszadeh.
Junaid Thorne and fake jihadist personas
Goldberg reportedly set up a fake account in the name of Australian Muslim preacher Junaid Thorne. Goldberg also created multiple fake jihadist accounts, which interacted with the fake Thorne account, and he then sent screengrabs of the fabricated interactions to journalists, at least one of whom published the fake interaction in an article of The West Australian in April 2015.
The fake jihadist personas were also used to besmirch Amnesty International and the Human Rights Law Centre by claiming that the fake jihadists had employment ties, or donated money to, these organizations. This persona was linked to Goldberg on Facebook.
Feminism-related personas
Caitlin Roper
Goldberg reportedly set up a fake Twitter account in the name of anti-sexual exploitation campaigner Caitlin Roper, who allegedly earned his ire because of her efforts to get the video game Grand Theft Auto V banned in Australia. The fake account sent Promoted Tweets that targeted the transgender community.
Tanya Cohen
Under this persona, Goldberg posed as a female left-wing Australian activist opposed to free speech.
Goldberg's work under the persona was published in many places, including Thought Catalog, a Daily Kos diary; and Feministing, a feminist blog. Wall Street Journal columnist James Taranto apologized for believing a hoax allegedly perpetrated by Goldberg under the name "Tanya Cohen" earlier in 2015.
National Reviews Charles Cooke described the article that Taranto responded to as "exquisite satire", while Mike Masnick of Techdirt called it "damn good satire, because it's just stupid enough at the beginning to drag you in and make you believe it, and then, slowly but surely, over the course of a very long writeup, it starts tossing out ever more ridiculous ideas -- drip... drip... drip -- that just, gently, turn up the outrage-o-meter, such that many people don't even realize that it's satire." This persona was linked to Goldberg on Facebook.
White supremacist personas
European88 and Reddit
On Reddit, Goldberg made thousands of racist posts under the neo-Nazi persona "European88." Under this persona, Goldberg created and moderated many controversial Reddit communities that were racist in nature, including being a moderator for the "r/CoonTown" subreddit.
Many subreddits he created or moderated, including "r/CoonTown", were banned during a period when Reddit's content policy was revised in August 2015.
"Michael Slay"
Goldberg posted on the neo-Nazi website The Daily Stormer as "Michael Slay".
Upon his arrest and unveiling, the administrator of the site removed his posts.
Other personas
Times of Israel blog hoax
In April 2015, Goldberg covertly wrote and posted a hoax article on a Times of Israel blog calling for the extermination of the Palestinian people. The article was ostensibly written by Josh Bornstein, a Jewish Australian lawyer, and triggered widespread condemnation. Bornstein immediately disavowed responsibility for the post, which was deleted by The Times of Israel. It has since been shown and accepted that Bornstein was the victim of the malicious hoax by Goldberg.
Initially, it was believed that the hoax was perpetrated by white supremacists. In May 2015, Bornstein faced online threats from Goldberg's Australi Witness Twitter account, and it was only later learned that Goldberg was responsible for the hoaxing.
Philosophy of Rape
Goldberg has been identified as the person behind "Philosophy of Rape", a subreddit that advocated corrective rape against "whores and feminazis", and offered tips on how to do so without getting caught.
MoonMetropolis
Goldberg was also active on Twitter, Reddit, Disqus and others under the username MoonMetropolis, a "free speech absolutist" who was involved with the Gamergate controversy. He would frequently use this persona to criticize the works of his other personas such as anti-free speech activist Tanya Cohen, arguing against points that he himself had made.
Goldberg also posted strong opinions on the subject of free speech absolutism to the website Thought Catalog, using both the MoonMetropolis name and his own name.
Unmasking and criminal proceedings
News reports about the Australi Witness online persona calling for the Garland attack first brought the account to the attention of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The Australian Federal Police (AFP) alerted the FBI about the real identity of Australi Witness, with the AFP, in turn, being handed the information by two Australian journalists, Elise Potaka and Luke McMahon. However, according to the FBI affidavit filed in court, by the time they received this information from the AFP, their investigation into Goldberg was already well underway. Potaka and McMahon independently tracked and identified the person behind the Australi Witness account after he impersonated Potaka on Facebook, leading to a chain of events which connected Australi Witness to Goldberg. The FBI also directly linked Australi Witness to Goldberg via his IP address.
Australi Witness passed specific information on the manufacture of a bomb targeting a September 11 memorial event in Kansas City, Missouri to an FBI informant, who was posing as a Muslim extremist. According to the FBI, Australi Witness suggested that the informant bomb the memorial in Kansas City after the latter claimed to live near that city, and also encouraged the informant to make the bomb more deadly by adding rat poison to the shrapnel. Australi Witness posted pictures online of what he claimed to be a bomb he was building and emailed BBC journalist Mike Wendling claiming credit for the Curtis Culwell Center attack, and warning that a pressure cooker bomb would be detonated in a "large Midwestern US city" on September 11, 2015.
Goldberg was arrested by the FBI after being identified as Australi Witness on September 9, 2015. After a raid on his home by the FBI, Goldberg allegedly admitted to agents that he had distributed the information about making the bomb in Kansas City. Goldberg appeared in court on September 15, where he was ordered to undergo a 30-day mental health evaluation to determine his fitness to stand trial.
After his arrest, it emerged that Goldberg had previously been diagnosed with schizophrenia and anxiety disorder. On December 14, 2015, after an examination by prison psychologist Lisa Feldman at Federal Detention Center, Miami, US Magistrate Judge James Klindt ruled Goldberg mentally incompetent to stand trial and Goldberg was ordered to undergo psychiatric treatment for four months at the Federal Medical Center, Butner. Goldberg again appeared before Klindt on June 15, 2016, and was described by prison psychiatrists as "improving", and that there was a "good chance" of him being returned to competency to stand trial. Another status update was scheduled by Klindt for October 15, 2016. Goldberg's lawyer, Paul Shorstein, later said that Goldberg had Asperger's Syndrome and had been diagnosed with clinical depression. Goldberg's defense subsequently claimed that Goldberg had autism, wanted to be a journalist, and had made "impressive" journalistic progress in his trolling activities.
On December 20, 2017, Goldberg pleaded guilty to attempted malicious damage and destruction by an explosive of a building, in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. According to the plea agreement, Goldberg also claimed to have been planning a terrorist attack in Melbourne, Australia.
On June 25, 2018, Goldberg was sentenced to ten years at the Federal Correctional Complex, Butner in Butner, North Carolina, followed by lifetime supervised release.
See also
Internet manipulation
Sockpuppet
References
External links
United States v Joshua Ryne Goldberg Criminal Complaint
Mental Competency Report, November 2015, Lisa Feldman Psy.D.
United States of America v. Joshua Ryne Goldberg Plea Agreement
1995 births
American critics of Islam
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American criminals
American people imprisoned on charges of terrorism
American neo-Nazis convicted of crimes
American people of Jewish descent
Anonymity pseudonyms
Anti-Islamic forgeries
Bombers (people)
Neo-Nazis of Jewish descent
Collaboration with ISIL
Criminals from Florida
Failed terrorist attempts in the United States
Internet trolls
Living people
Male critics of feminism
People convicted on terrorism charges
People from Orange Park, Florida
People with Asperger syndrome
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
American conspiracy theorists
Alt-right Jews |
Cergy-Pontoise University (French: Université de Cergy-Pontoise) was a French university, located in Cergy-Pontoise, France. On 1 January 2020, the university merged with the International School of Information Processing Sciences (EISTI) and the University of Paris-Seine to form CY Cergy Paris University.
Cergy-Pontoise University is a public university and a leading centre of teaching and research, which welcomes 18,000 students and 1,500 international students interested in studying abroad.
The university is located in the west of Paris (30 km from central Paris), in the Val-d'Oise department.
The university also managed the Institut d'études politiques de Saint-Germain-en-Laye (in cooperation with the Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University).
Faculties
The university offers all levels of graduate and post-graduate studies. 144 bachelors, masters and doctorate degrees are available in a wide range of fields : law, economy and management, languages, literature and social sciences, and science and technology.
A specialty is a German-French course of law studies organized together with the University of Düsseldorf which annually gives 15 German and 15 French law students the possibility to study both legal systems since 2005. Graduates of this three year law course are awarded the German legal "Zwischenprüfung" (German LL.B. equivalent) as well as the French "licence mention droit" (French LL.B. equivalent). Since 2008, the universities offer a subsequent two-year course whose participants specialize in business, labor as well as employment law and graduate with the French "Master 2 mention droit de l'entreprise" (French J.D. equivalent). Subsequently, they are also eligible for the German state examination in law (German J.D. equivalent) and for an admission exam with a French attorney's law school (École de formation de barreau - EFB).
Research pole
The Cergy-Pontoise University as well as all upper education institutions of Cergy-Pontoise are organized in a PRES (Research and Upper Education Pole) including :
CY Tech, formerly EISTI,
groupe ESSEC,
ENSEA, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications
ITIN, Ecole supérieure d'Informatique, Réseaux et Systèmes d'Information
ENSAPC, École nationale supérieure d'arts de Cergy-Pontoise
EBI (École de Biologie Industrielle)
EPMI ( École d'électricité, de Production et des Méthodes Industrielles)
EPSS (École Pratique de Service Social)
ESCOM (École supérieure de chimie organique et minérale)
ILEPS (Institut Libre d'Éducation Physique Supérieur)
ISTOM (Institut Supérieur d'agro-développement)
ESCIA, école supérieure de comptabilité, gestion et finance
See also
Education in France
List of public universities in France by academy
References
External links
Web site of the Cergy-Pontoise University (French)
Web site of the Cergy-Pontoise University (English)
Web site of Professional Bachelor's degree in International Trade and International Tourism (Cergy-Pontoise University)
Universities and colleges established in 1991
Education in Cergy-Pontoise
Universities in Île-de-France
1991 establishments in France |
The ISO 56000 is a family of standards designed to provide a framework for organizations to implement, maintain and improve innovation management systems.
See also
International Standards Organization
ISO 10006—Quality management—Guidelines to quality management in projects
ISO 13485—Medical devices—Quality management systems—Requirements for regulatory purposes
ISO 14001—Environmental management standards
List of ISO standards
ISO TC 279
References
External links
ISO 56000 family at ISO.org
56000
Innovation |
John Carl West Sr. (August 27, 1922 – March 21, 2004) was a U.S. Democratic Party politician who served as the 109th Governor of South Carolina from 1971 to 1975. He served as United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1977 to 1981.
Early life
West was born in Camden, South Carolina and grew up in the farming community of Charlotte Thompson near Camden. The following May, his father, along with seventy-six other persons, was killed in a fire at the nearby Cleveland School. His mother and maternal grandmother escaped unharmed from the fire.
In 1942, he graduated from The Citadel with a bachelor's degree in political science. After graduation, he enlisted in the United States Army as an intelligence officer during World War II, assigned to stateside service.
Political career
Following the war, West earned a law degree from the University of South Carolina in 1946. From 1948 to 1952, he served on the state Highway Commission. In 1954, he coordinated the unsuccessful U.S. Senate candidacy of Edgar A. Brown, who lost in a write-in campaign waged by former Governor Strom Thurmond.
From 1955 to 1967, West served in the state senate. He was assigned to several committees which studied public school curriculum, investigated activities of the Communist Party of the United States of America, monitored the state Development Board, examined state support for the nursing profession and junior colleges, and recommended revisions to the state constitution.
West was the 80th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina, having served from 1967 to 1971. In the 1970 gubernatorial election, West with 53.2 percent of the vote defeated U.S. Representative Albert W. Watson, a Democrat-turned-Republican. Regarded as a New South governor, West vowed in his 1971 inaugural address that he would "eliminate from our government any vestige of discrimination because of race, creed, sex, religion or any other barrier to fairness for all citizens."
After his tenure as governor, West returned to private law practice and was subsequently appointed United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, a position that he held from 1977 to 1981. After returning to the United States, he became a Professor of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of South Carolina. From 1993 until his death from cancer, he was a partner in the Hilton Head law office of Bethea, Jordan, and Griffin.
Personal life
West married Lois Rhame in 1942. They had three children. West died of liver cancer at his home on Hilton Head Island on March 21, 2004.
References
External links
John West: In His Own Words at University of South Carolina, South Carolina Political Collections
John Carl West Papers at South Carolina Political Collections, University of South Carolina
Governor John C. West Collection at the South Carolina Department of Archives & History (RG 552000)
1971 John C. West Inaugural Parade and Swearing in Ceremony on South Carolina Educational Television
1922 births
2004 deaths
Democratic Party governors of South Carolina
Democratic Party South Carolina state senators
Lieutenant Governors of South Carolina
Ambassadors of the United States to Saudi Arabia
People from Camden, South Carolina
The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina alumni
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Military personnel from South Carolina
University of South Carolina faculty
University of South Carolina trustees
University of South Carolina School of Law alumni
University of South Carolina alumni
Presbyterians from South Carolina
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from cancer in South Carolina
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American diplomats
Diplomats from South Carolina |
Rebecca S. Nichols (, Reed; pen names, Ellen and Kate Cleaveland; October 28, 1819 – June 21, 1903) was a 19th American poet. She was among the first of the writers in the "young West" to receive popular recognition for her prose and poetry.
Nichols was born in New Jersey. At an early age, she removed to the West, where soon after, in Louisville, Kentucky, she was married. Her first published pieces appeared in the News-Letter, a paper conducted by Prentice & Co., since which time, she contributed much poetry to the various western periodicals. Since the autumn of 1840, she resided in Cincinnati. Her period of literary activity, which began in 1839, extended over sixteen years, till 1855. She did not write a great deal after that, though some of her better productions were sparsely scattered over the five years subsequent to this period.
Early life
Rebecca Shepard Reed was born in Greenwich, New Jersey, October 28, 1819. While she was yet a child, her father, E. B. Reed, a physician, removed with his family to the West.
Career
While residing in Louisville, in the year 1838, she married Willard Nichols, a printer by trade, whom she accompanied to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1840, where Mr. Nichols embarked on the publication of a daily news and miscellaneous paper. She assisted in editing the paper. In 1841, the Nichols moved to Cincinnati, where they continued to reside most of the time until 1851. This was a period of considerable literary activity in that region, which eventuated in the bringing out of some of the best writers the West has ever produced. Contemporary with these, Mrs. Nichols became popular.
Mrs. Nichols's earliest poems were published in the Louisville News-Letter, and Louisville Journal, under the signature "Ellen". In 1844, she published a small volume entitled Berenice, or the Curse of Minna, and other Poems. The principal poem in this volume was a girl-tragedy. Several of the minor pieces had merit. Only a small edition of this book was printed.
In 1846, Mrs. Nichols conducted a literary periodical in Cincinnati, called The Guest, which became quite popular, and in which she published many of her poetical compositions of that period. She was also a contributor to Graham's Magazine, The Knickerbocker, and other Eastern periodicals. Early in her Cincinnati career, Mrs. Nichols contributed to the Cincinnati Herald, conducted by Gamaliel Bailey, a series of papers under the nom de plume of "Kate Cleaveland". Critics and amateur littérateurs tried to discover who this new author, a bright star, was. Eventually, it became known that the author was Mrs. Nichols.
In 1851, under the patronage of Nicholas Longworth, a large volume of Mrs. Nichols's later poems were published under the title of Songs of the Heart and of the Hearth-Stone, from the press of Thomas, Cowperthwaite & Co., Philadelphia, and J. F. Desilver, Cincinnati. Such was the established popularity of the author at this time, that the publishers of the Cincinnati Commercial, M. D. Potter & Co., entered into an arrangement with Mrs. Nichols, to pay a liberal price for an original poem for each week, if she chose to write so often, which arrangement was continued for some time. A collection of these and other later poems, with a selection from her previous publications, would furnish material for a new volume, which would add largely to the reputation of the author.
Among her noted poems which were widely circulated in book collections and in newspaperes may be mentioned "Stanzas by Moonlight", "The Minstrel's Last Song", "The Farewell of the Soul to the Body", "The Philosopher Toad", "Indian Summer", and "The Bonnie Brown Bird in the Mulberry Tree". Many of her poems were set to music and were popular among singers.
Personal life
Mrs. Nichols dealt with difficulties all of her life including the untimely death of children, and the fluctuations of business. Of seven children, only two survived to adulthood, Mrs. Isabel Adams and W. C. Nichols.
In her later years, Mrs. Nichols lived an active life and in 1900, took a trip to Chicago. A few months before her death, her health failed perceptibly. She died in Indianapolis on June 21, 1903, of old age.
Selected works
Berenice, or the Curse of Minna, and other Poems, 1844
Songs of the Heart and of the Hearth-Stone, 1851
References
Attribution
External links
1819 births
1903 deaths
19th-century American poets
19th-century American women writers
19th-century pseudonymous writers
19th-century American newspaper editors
American women poets
Pseudonymous women writers
Women newspaper editors |
Bandbon-e Bala (, also Romanized as Bandbon-e Bālā; also known as Bālā Bandbūn and Bandbūn) is a village in Ahandan Rural District, in the Central District of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 76, in 22 families.
References
Populated places in Lahijan County |
18th BSFC Awards
December 14, 1997
Best Film:
L.A. Confidential
The 18th Boston Society of Film Critics Awards honored the best films of 1997. The awards were given on 14 December 1997.
Winners
Best Film
1. L.A. Confidential
2. The Sweet Hereafter
3. Donnie Brasco
Best Actor
Al Pacino – Donnie Brasco
Best Actress
1. Helena Bonham Carter – The Wings of the Dove
2. Katrin Cartlidge – Career Girls
3. Tilda Swinton – Female Perversions
Best Supporting Actor
1. Kevin Spacey – L.A. Confidential
2. Burt Reynolds – Boogie Nights
3. Robert Downey Jr. – One Night Stand
Best Supporting Actress
1. Sarah Polley – The Sweet Hereafter
2. Joan Cusack – In & Out
3. Alison Elliott – The Wings of the Dove
Best Director
1. Curtis Hanson – L.A. Confidential
2. Atom Egoyan – The Sweet Hereafter
3. Mike Newell – Donnie Brasco
Best Screenplay
1. Curtis Hanson and Brian Helgeland – L.A. Confidential
2. Kevin Smith – Chasing Amy
3. Matt Damon and Ben Affleck – Good Will Hunting
Best Cinematography
1. Roger Deakins – Kundun
2. Eduardo Serra – The Wings of the Dove
3. Paul Sarossy – The Sweet Hereafter
Best Documentary
1. Fast, Cheap & Out of Control
2. Sick: The Life & Death of Bob Flanagan, Supermasochist
3. Message to Love: The Isle of Wight Festival
Best Foreign-Language Film
1. Underground • France/Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Germany/Bulgaria/Hungary
2. Shall We Dance? (Shall we dansu?) • Japan
3. Irma Vep • France
Best New Filmmaker
Paul Thomas Anderson – Hard Eight and Boogie Nights
External links
Past Winners
References
Boston film critics extend streak of `L.A. Confidential' The Boston Globe
Noir thriller is big Boston crix winner The Variety
1997 Boston Society of Film Critics Awards Internet Movie Database
1997
1997 film awards
1997 awards in the United States
1997 in Boston
December 1997 events in the United States |
This article contains a list of people who appeared on the stamps of the People's Republic of China, commonly known as China. See also Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue - Part 17 China.
History
Between 1949 and 1979, China's stamps featured 56 distinct people who belonged in four categories: ethical and mythical figures, revolutionary martyrs, political figures, and cultural figures. During the same time period, Taiwan had 57 distinct people on its stamps. Four people appeared on both China's stamps and Taiwan's stamps during the time period. They were Sun Yat-sen, the poets Qu Yuan and Du Fu, and Zhan Tianyou, who was the earliest Chinese railroad engineer.
On 1 December 1962, the released a set of eight stamps in its second edition of a collection titled "Ancient Chinese Scientists" (). On 25 February 1994, the ministry published a four-stamp collection of its second edition of "Patriotic Democrats" (). The agency issued a four-stamp collection of its second edition of "Modern Chinese Scientists" () on 25 May 2011. On 30 September 2014, it released a four-stamp collection titled "Patriotic Democrats" (). The ministry published the a four-stamp collection of its seventh edition of "Modern Chinese Scientists" () on 8 May 2016. noted the prevalence of centenarians appearing on the stamps.
B
Bethune, Norman (1960, 1979, 1990) Canadian Physician, Medical Innovator
Bei Shizhang, biophysicist and academician (1994)
Bian Que (2002) ancient physician
C
Cai Chang (2000) President of All-China Women's Federation
Cai Hesen (2001) Communist Leader
Cai Lun (1962) Inventor of Paper
Cai Shengxi (2002) Military Leader
Cai Yuanpei (1988) Educator
Castro, Fidel (1963) President of Cuba
Chen Geng (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Chen Jingrun (1999)
Chen Qiyou (1994) Member of United front
Chen Shutong (1994) Vice President of People's Political Consultative Conference
Chen Yi (1991) Military Commander, Politician
Chen Yun (2000) Leader of the Communist Party
Chu Coching (1988) Meteorologist, Geologist
Confucius (1989, 2000) Thinker, Social Philosopher
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1953) Astronomer
D
Deng Enming (2001) Communist Leader
Deng Xiaoping (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004) Paramount Leader
Deng Yingchao (2004) Chairwoman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Deng Zhongxia (2006) Communist Leader
Ding Ying (1990) Agricultural Scientist
Dong Biwu (1986) President
Du Fu (1962, 1983) Poet
E
Einstein, Albert (1979) German-born Theoretical Physicist
Engels, Friedrich (1955, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1964) German Social Scientist, Philosopher
F
Fang Zhimin (1999) Military and Political Leader
G
Gao Junyu (2006) Communist Leader
Nicolae Grigorescu (1977)
Gong Laifa (龔來發), farmer (1995)
Guan Hanqing (1958) Playwright
Guan Xiangying (2005) Military Leader
Guo Moruo (1982) Author, Poet, Historian
Guo Shoujing (1962) Astronomer, Engineer, Mathematician
H
Han Yu (1983) Essayist, Poet
He Long (1986) Marshal, Vice Premier
He Shuheng (2001) Communist Leader
Hou Debang (1990) Chemical Engineering Expert
Hoxha, Enver (1964) Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labour
Hua Luogeng (1988) Mathematician
Huang Dao Po (1980) Spinning Engineer
Huang Gonglue (2002) Military Leader
Huang Kecheng (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Huang Xing (1986) One of the Founders of the Kuomintang
Huang Yanpei (1993) Politician
J
Jia Sixie (1980) Agricultural Scientist
Jianzhen (1980) Monk
Jiao Yulu (1992) Communist Party Leader
, agricultural educator and agronomist (2016)
Jin Xunhua (1970) Model of Revolutionary Youth
Joliot-Curie, Frédéric (1959) French Physicist
K
Koch, Robert (1982) German Physician
Kotnis, Dwarkanath (1982) Indian Physician
L
Lei Feng (1978) Soldier
Lenin, Vladimir (1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1980) Leader of the October Revolution, Head of the Soviet Union, Theorist of Marxism–Leninism
Li Bai (1983) Poet
Li Bing (1980) Water Conservancy Expert
Li Dazhao (1989) Communist
Li Fuchun (1990, 2000) Vice President
Li Jishen (1993) Millitaly Commander of Kuomintang
Li Lisan (1999) Leader of the Communist Party
Li Shizhen (1955) Physician, Pharmacologist
Li Siguang (1988) Geomechanician
Li Weihan (1986) Communist Party Leader
Lian Xi (2006) Forestrist
Liang Sicheng (1992) Architect
Liao Chengzhi (1988) Communist Party Leader
Liao Zhongkai (1987) Kuomintang Leader, Financier
Lin Biao (1967) Military Leader
Lin Boqu (1986) Communist Party Leader
Lin Qiaozhi (1990) Physician
Lin Zexu (1985) Scholar, Official
Liu Bocheng (1992) Military Commander
Liu Hui (2002) Mathematician
Liu Hulan, a spy for the Chinese Communist Party whom the Kuomingtang executed. On 30 January 1977, 30 years after she was killed, China released a set of three stamps bearing her image.
Liu Shaoqi (1983, 1998) President
Liu Yingjun (1967) Soldier
Liu Zhidan (2002) Military Commander
Liu Zongyuan (1983) Writer
Lu Xun (1951, 1962, 1966, 1976, 1981), writer
Lu Yu (1997) Author of The Classic of Tea
Luo Binghui (2005) Military Leader
Luo Ronghuan (1992) Military Leader
Luo Ruiqing (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
M
Ma Xulun (1994) Educator
Mao Dun (1986) Novelist, Critic, Journalist
Mao Yisheng (2006) Expert on Bridge Construction
Mao Zedong (1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1957, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1977, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2006) the founder of the People's Republic of China. One year after he died, on 9 September 1977, China published six stamps bearing his image to pay tribute to him.
Martí, José (1953) Poet, Writer
Marx, Karl (1953, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1983) Prussian Philosopher, Economist
Mei Lanfang (1962) Opera Artist
Mencius (2000) Philosopher
Michael the Brave (1977) Prince of Wallachia, Transylvania, Moldavia
Mozi (2000) Philosopher
N
Nie Er (1982) Composer
Nie Rongzhen (1999) Military Leader
P
Pablo Picasso (1950)
Peng Dehuai (1988) Military Leader
Peng Pai (2006) Communist Leader
Peng Xuefeng (2005) Military Leader
Peng Zhen (2002) Leader of the Communist Party
Q
Qiu Jin (1991) Revolutionalist of anti-Qing Empire
Qu Qiubai (1989) Communist Party Leader, Writer, Thinker
Qu Yuan (1953) Poet
R
Rabelais, François (1953) Writer
Ren Bishi (1984) Communist Party Leader
S
Shen Junru (1993) President of the Supreme People's Court
Shen Kuo (1962) Scientist, Statesman
Smedley, Agnes (1985) American journalist, Writer
Snow, Edgar (1985) American journalist
Soong Ching-ling (1982, 1993) Madame Sun Yat-sen, President of the All-China Women's Federation, Honorary Chairwoman
Song Jiaoren (1991) Political Leader
Song Yingxing (2002) Scientist
Stalin, Joseph (1950, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1964, 1979) General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee
Strong, Anna Louise (1985) American journalist
Su Song (2002) Astronomer, cartographer, horologist, pharmacologist, mineralogist, zoologist, botanist, mechanical and architectural engineer
Su Yu (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Su Zhaozheng (2006) Communist Leader
Damdin Sükhbaatar (1961)
Sun Simiao, physician and writer (1962, 2014)
Sun Tzu (1995) Author of The Art of War
Sun Yat-sen (1950, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1981, 1986, 1999, 2006) Revolutionary and Political Leader
T
Tan Kah Kee (1984) Singaporean businessman
Tan Xinpei (2005) Opera Actor, Movie Actor
Tan Zheng (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Tang Feifan (1992) Microbiologist
Tao Xingzhi (1991) Educator
Tao Zhu (1988) Communist Party Leader
U
Ulanhu (2006) Vice-President of China
W
Wang Hebo (2006) Communist Leader
Wang Jiaxiang (1986) Communist Party Leader
Wang Jinmei (2001) Communist Leader
Wang Jinxi (1972, 1974) Worker
Wang Shusheng (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Wei Baqun (2002) Military Leader
Wu Youxun (1988) Physical Scientist
X
Xiang Jingyu, a revolutionary whom Chairman Mao called an exemplary female leader. To commemorate International Women's Day, the ministry released two stamps on 8 March 1978 with the name "Glorious Examples for Chinese Women". Xiang's image was on one of the stamps.
Xian Xinghai (1985) Composer
Xiao Jinguang (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Xiong Qinglai (1992) Mathematician
Xu Beihong (1978=Painting, 1985) Painter
Xu Deheng (1994) Leader of Jiusan Society
Xu Guangda (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Xu Guangqi (1980) Bureaucrat, Agricultural Scientist, Astronomer, Mathematician
Xu Haidong (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Xu Jishen (2001) Military Leader
Xu Xiangqian (1991) Military Leader
Xu Xilin (1991) Member of Guangfuhui (Restoration Society)
Xun Zi (2000) Philosopher
Y
Yan Jici (2006) Physicist
Yang Hucheng (1993) Military Leader
Yang Jingyu (2005) Commander-in-chief, Political Commissar
Yang Kaihui, the second wife of Mao Zedong. To commemorate International Women's Day, the ministry released two stamps on 8 March 1978 with the name "Glorious Examples for Chinese Women". Yang's image was on one of the stamps.
Yang Liwei (2003) Astronaut
Yang Zerong (1970)
Ye Jianying (1987) General, The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
Ye Ting (1996) Military Leader
Yi Xing (1955) Astronomer, Mathematician
Z
Zhang Lan (1993) President of China Democratic League
Zhang Xiaoqian (1992) Physician
Zhang Yunyi (2005) Senior General of Liberation Army
Zetkin, Clara (1960, 1980) German Politician
Zhan Tianyou (1961) Railroad Engineer
Zhang Binglin (1986) Philologist
Zhang Heng (1955) Astronomer, Mathematician
Zhang Sui (1955)
Zhang Wentian (1990) General Secretary of the Communist Party
Zhang Yuzhe (1990) Astronomer
Zheng He (2005) Mariner, Explorer, Diplomat, Fleet Admiral
Zhao Shiyan (2001) Communist Leader
Zhou Enlai (1977, 1998), the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. China released four stamps each bearing his image exactly one year following his death to commemorate him. On each stamp was printed the Chinese characters, "First Anniversary of the Death of the Great Leader and Teacher Chairman Mao Zedong."
Zhou Peiyuan (2006) Physicist
Zhu De (1952, 1957, 1977, 1986) Communist military leader, Statesman. One year after he died, on 6 July 1977, China published four stamps bearing his image to pay tribute to him.
Zhu Yuan (1953)
Zhuangzi (2000) Philosopher
Nikolai? Zhukov (1958)
Zuo Quan (2005) Military Leader
Zou Taofen (1985) Editor
Zu Chongzhi (1955) Mathematician, Astronomer
References
Bibliography
People's Republic of China
Stamps
Philately of China |
Eumecia anchietae, also known commonly as Anchieta's serpentiform skink, Anchieta's snake skink, and the western serpentiform skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Africa. There are three recognized subspecies.
Etymology
The specific name, anchietae, is in honor of Portuguese naturalist José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta, who was an explorer of Africa.
Geographic range
E. anchietae is found in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia.
Habitat
The preferred natural habitats of E. anchietae are grassland and savanna at altitudes of .
Description
The limbs of E. anchietae are very reduced. The front legs are minute, each with two toes. The hind legs are twice as large (but still very small), each with three toes. The body and tail are subcylindrical and elongate.
Behavior
E. anchietae is diurnal and terrestrial.
Reproduction
E. anchietae is viviparous.
Subspecies
Three subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
Eumecia anchietae anchietae
Eumecia anchietae major – Lunda western snake skink
Eumecia anchietae wittei
References
Further reading
Bocage JVB (1870). "Description d'un Saurien nouveau de l'Afrique occidentale ". Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes, Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa 3: 66–68 + Plate I. (Eumecia anchietae, new species, pp. 67–68 + Plate I, figures 1–5). (in French).
Laurent RF (1964). "Reptiles et batraciens de l'Angola (troisième contribution)". Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), Serviços Culturais, Museu do Dundo (Angola) 67: 1–165. (Eumecia anchietae major, new subspecies, p. 80; E. a. wittei, new subspecies, p. 80). (in French).
Spawls S, Howell K, Henkel H, Menegon M (2018). Field Guide to East African Reptiles, Second Edition. London: Bloomsbury Natural History. 624 pp. . (Eumecia anchietae, p. 130).
Eumecia
Skinks of Africa
Reptiles of Angola
Reptiles of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Reptiles of Kenya
Reptiles of Tanzania
Reptiles of Zambia
Reptiles described in 1870
Taxa named by José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage |
Chrysaspis is a genus of beetles in the family Buprestidae, containing the following species:
Chrysaspis armata Kerremans, 1891
Chrysaspis auricauda Saunders, 1872
Chrysaspis aurovittata (Saunders, 1867)
Chrysaspis bennettii Waterhouse, 1904
Chrysaspis cuneata Harold, 1878
Chrysaspis cupreomicans Kerremans, 1895
Chrysaspis elongata (Olivier, 1790)
Chrysaspis glabra Waterhouse, 1904
Chrysaspis higletti Waterhouse, 1904
Chrysaspis ignipennis Harold, 1879
Chrysaspis luluensis (Burgeon, 1941)
Chrysaspis overlaeti (Burgeon, 1941)
Chrysaspis propinqua Saunders, 1874
Chrysaspis schoutedeni (Théry, 1926)
Chrysaspis schultzei Kolbe, 1907
Chrysaspis splendens (Nonfried, 1892)
Chrysaspis tincta Waterhouse, 1904
Chrysaspis viridipennis Saunders, 1869
References
Buprestidae genera |
Santa Maria dell'Itria dei Cocchieri, also called Santa Maria dell'Itria alla Kalsa is a small, Rensissance-style, Roman Catholic church of Palermo. It is located on the Piazzetta dei Cocchieri, just off via Alloro, in the quarter of Kalsa (Tribunali) of the historic centre of Palermo. Across via Alloro is the small public pocket park of Giardino dei Giusti.
History
The cocchieri or coachmen had formed officially a confraternity in Palermo by 1596. They participated in the processions of on Holy Friday, marching as groups from individual major aristocratic families. Since transport in town was banned on that day, the coachmen were free to attend to this procession. This plain church was begun in 1596 and completed 1614. Over the centuries, the church suffered much from calamity and loss. The original Marian Simulacrum depicting the Virgin of the Sorrows above the dead Christ built for the procession burned in a fire of 1896, although a replica was soon made.
References
Roman Catholic churches in Palermo
16th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy |
Argos (; ; ) is a city in Argolis, Peloponnese, Greece and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, and the oldest in Europe. It is the largest city in Argolis and a major center in the same prefecture, having nearly twice the population of the prefectural capital, Nafplio.
Since the 2011 local government reform it has been part of the municipality of Argos-Mykines, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 138.138 km2. It is from Nafplion, which was its historic harbour. A settlement of great antiquity, Argos has been continuously inhabited as at least a substantial village for the past 7,000 years.
A resident of the city of Argos is known as an Argive ( , ; ). However, this term is also used to refer to those ancient Greeks generally who assaulted the city of Troy during the Trojan War; the term is more widely applied by the Homeric bards.
Numerous ancient monuments can be found in the city today. Agriculture is the mainstay of the local economy.
Etymology
There are several proposed etyma. The name is associated with the legendary Argus, the third king of the city in ancient times, who renamed it after himself, thus replacing its older name Phoronikon Asty (Φορωνικόν Άστυ, "Citadel of Phoroneus"). Both the personal name and placename are linked to the word αργός (argós), which meant "white" or "shining"; possibly, this had to do with the visual impression given of the Argolic plain during harvest time. According to Strabo, the name could have even originated from the word αγρός "field" by antimetathesis of the consonants.
History
Antiquity
Herodotus first recorded the myth of the traditional story of Argos being the origin of the ancient Macedonian royal house of the Argead dynasty (Greek: Ἀργεάδαι, Argeádai) of Philip II and Alexander the Great. As a strategic location on the fertile plain of Argolis, Argos was a major stronghold during the Mycenaean era. In classical times, Argos was a powerful rival of Sparta for dominance over the Peloponnese, but was eventually shunned by other Greek city-states after remaining neutral during the Greco-Persian Wars.
There is evidence of continuous settlement in the area starting with a village about 7,000 years ago in the late Neolithic, located on the foot of Aspida hill. Since that time, Argos has been continually inhabited at the same geographical location. And while the name Argos is generally accepted to have a Hellenic Indo-European etymology, Larissa is generally held to derive from a Pre-Greek substrate.
The city is located at a rather propitious area, among Nemea, Corinth and Arcadia. It also benefitted from its proximity to lake Lerna, which, at the time, was at a distance of one kilometre from the south end of Argos.
Argos was a major stronghold of Mycenaean times, and along with the neighbouring acropolis of Mycenae and Tiryns became a very early settlement because of its commanding positions in the midst of the fertile plain of Argolis.
Archaic Argos
Argos experienced its greatest period of expansion and power under the energetic 7th century BC ruler King Pheidon. Under Pheidon, Argos regained sway over the cities of the Argolid and challenged Sparta's dominance of the Peloponnese. Spartan dominance is thought to have been interrupted following the Battle of Hyssiae in 669–668 BC, in which Argive troops defeated the Spartans in a hoplite battle. During the time of its greatest power, the city boasted a pottery and bronze sculpturing school, pottery workshops, tanneries and clothes producers. Moreover, at least 25 celebrations took place in the city, in addition to a regular local products exhibition. A sanctuary dedicated to Hera was also found at the same spot where the monastery of Panagia Katekrymeni is located today. Pheidon also extended Argive influence throughout Greece, taking control of the Olympic Games away from the citizens of Elis and appointing himself organizer during his reign. Pheidon is also thought to have introduced reforms for standard weight and measures in Argos, a theory further reinforced with the unearthing of six "spits" of iron in an Argive Heraion, possibly remainders of a dedication from Pheidon.
Classical Argos
In 494 BC, Argos suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of its regional rival, Sparta, at the Battle of Sepeia. Following this defeat, Herodotus tells us the city suffered a form of stasis. The political chaos is thought to have resulted in a democratic transition in the city. Argos did not participate in the Hellenic Alliance against the Persian Invasion of 480 BC. This resulted in a period of diplomatic isolation, although there is evidence of an Argive alliance with Tegea prior to 462 BC.
In 462 BC, Argos joined a tripartite alliance with Athens and Thessaly. This alliance was somewhat dysfunctional, however, and the Argives are only thought to have provided marginal contributions to the alliance at the Battle of Oenoe and Tanagra. For example, only 1,000 Argive hoplites are thought to have fought alongside the Athenians at the Battle of Tanagra. Following the allies' defeat at Tanagra in 457 BC, the alliance began to fall apart, resulting in its dissolution in 451 BC.
Argos remained neutral or the ineffective ally of Athens during the Archidamian War between Sparta and Athens. Argos' neutrality resulted in a rise of its prestige among other Greek cities, and Argos used this political capital to organize and lead an alliance against Sparta and Athens in 421 BC. This alliance included Mantinea, Corinth, Elis, Thebes, Argos, and eventually Athens. This alliance fell apart, however, after the allied loss at the Battle of Mantinea in 418 BC. This defeat, combined with the raiding of the Argolid by the Epidaurians, resulted in political instability and an eventual oligarchic coup in 417 BC. Although democracy was restored within a year, Argos was left permanently weakened by this coup. This weakening led to a loss of power, which in turn led to the shift of commercial focus from the Ancient Agora to the eastern side of the city, delimited by Danaou and Agiou Konstadinou streets.
Argos played a minor role in the Corinthian Wars against Sparta, and for a short period of time considered uniting with Corinth to form an expanded Argolid state. For a brief period of time, the two poleis combined, but Corinth quickly rebelled against Argive domination, and Argos returned to its traditional boundaries. After this, Argos continued to remain a minor power in Greek affairs.
Argos escaped occupation by Macedon during the reigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great and remained unscathed during the Wars of the Diadochi, however in 272 it was attacked by Pyrrhus of Epirus at the Battle of Argos, in which Pyrrhus was killed.
Democracy in Classical Argos
Argos was a democracy for most of the classical period, with only a brief hiatus between 418 and 416. Democracy was first established after a disastrous defeat by the Spartans at the Battle of Sepeia in 494. So many Argives were killed in the battle that a revolution ensued, in which previously disenfranchised outsiders were included in the state for the first time.
Argive democracy included an Assembly (called the aliaia), a Council (the bola), and another body called 'The Eighty,' whose precise responsibilities are obscure. Magistrates served six-month terms of office, with few exceptions, and were audited at the end of their terms. There is some evidence that ostracism was practiced.
Roman and Byzantine period
Under Roman rule, Argos was part of the province of Achaea. While prosperous during the early principate, Argos along with much of Greece and the Balkans experienced disasters during the Crisis of the 3rd Century when external threats and internal revolts left the Empire in turmoil. During Gallienus' reign, marauding bands of Goths and Heruli sailed down from the Black Sea in 267 A.D. and devastated the Greek coastline and interior. Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes and Argos were all sacked. Gallienus finally cut off their retreat north and destroyed them with great slaughter at Naissus in Moesia.
With the death of the last emperor over a unified Empire, Theodosius I, the Visigoths under their leader Alaric I descended into Greece in 396–397 A.D., sacking and pillaging as they went. Neither the eastern or western Roman warlords, Rufinus (consul) or Stilicho, made an effective stand against them due to the political situation between them. Athens and Corinth were both sacked. While the exact level of destruction for Argos is disputed due to the conflicting nature of the ancient sources, the level of damage to the city and people was considerable. Stilicho finally landed in western Greece and forced the Visigoths north of Epirus. Sites said to have been destroyed in Argos include the Hypostyle hall, parts of the agora, the odeion, and the Aphrodision. In the late 7th century, it became part of the Theme of Hellas, and later of the Theme of the Peloponnese.
Crusader and Ottoman rule
In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, the Crusaders captured the castle built on Larisa Hill, the site of the ancient acropolis, and the area became part of the lordship of Argos and Nauplia. In 1388 it was sold to the Republic of Venice, but was taken by the Despot of the Morea Theodore I Palaiologos before the Venetians could take control of the city; he sold it anyway to them in 1394. The Crusaders established a Latin bishopric. Venetian rule lasted until 1463, when the Ottomans captured the city.
In 1397, the Ottomans plundered Argos, carrying off much of the population, to sell as slaves. The Venetians repopulated the town and region with Albanian settlers, granting them long-term agrarian tax exemptions. Together with the Greeks of Argos, they supplied stratioti troops to the armies of Venice. Throughout the Ottoman–Venetian wars, many Albanians died or were captured in service to the Venetians; at Nafpaktos, Nafplio, Argos, Methoni, Koroni and Pylos. Furthermore, 8,000 Albanian stratioti, most of them along with their families, left the Peloponnese to continue their military service under the Republic of Venice or the Kingdom of Naples. At the end of the Ottoman–Venetian wars, a large number of Albanians had fled from the Peloponnese to Sicily. Some historians consider the French military term "argoulet" to derive from the Greek "argetes", or inhabitant of Argos, as a large number of French stratioti came from the plain of Argos.
During Ottoman rule, Argos was divided in four mahalas, or quarters; the Greek (Rûm) mahala, Liepur mahala, Bekir Efenti mahala and Karamoutza or Besikler mahala, respectively corresponding to what is now the northeastern, the northwestern, the southwestern and southeastern parts of the city. The Greek mahala was also called the "quarter of the unfaithful of Archos town" in Turkish documents, whereas Liepur mahala (the quarter of the rabbits) was composed mostly of Albanian emigrants and well-reputed families. Karamoutza mahala was home to the most prominent Turks and boasted a mosque (modern-day church of Agios Konstadinos), a Turkish cemetery, Ali Nakin Bei's serail, Turkish baths and a Turkish school. It is also at this period when the open market of the city is first organised on the site north to Kapodistrias' barracks, at the same spot where it is held in modern times. A mosque would have existed there, too, according to the city planning most Ottoman cities followed.
Argos grew exponentially during this time, with its sprawl being unregulated and without planning. As French explorer Pouqueville noted, "its houses are not aligned, without order, scattered all over the place, divided by home gardens and uncultivated areas". Liepur mahala appears to have been the most organised, having the best layout, while Bekir mahala and Karamoutza mahala were the most labyrinthine. However, all quarters shared the same type of streets; firstly, they all had main streets which were wide, busy and public roads meant to allow for communication between neighbourhoods (typical examples are, to a great extent, modern-day Korinthou, Nafpliou and Tripoleos streets). Secondary streets were also common in all four quarters since they lead to the interior of each mahala, having a semi-public character, whereas the third type of streets referred to dead-end private alleys used specifically by families to access their homes. Remnants of this city layout can be witnessed even today, as Argos still preserves several elements of this Ottoman type style, particularly with its long and complicated streets, its narrow alleys and its densely constructed houses.
Independence and modern history
With the exception of a period of Venetian domination in 1687–1715, Argos remained in Ottoman hands until the beginning of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, when wealthy Ottoman families moved to nearby Nafplio due to its stronger walling.
At that time, as part of the general uprising, many local governing bodies were formed in different parts of the country, and the "Consulate of Argos" was proclaimed on 28 March 1821, under the Peloponnesian Senate. It had a single head of state, Stamatellos Antonopoulos, styled "Consul", between 28 March and 26 May 1821.
Later, Argos accepted the authority of the unified Provisional Government of the First National Assembly at Epidaurus, and eventually became part of the Kingdom of Greece. With the coming of governor Ioannis Kapodistrias, the city underwent efforts of modernisation. Being an agricultural village, the need for urban planning was vital. For this reason, in 1828, Kapodistrias himself appointed mechanic Stamatis Voulgaris as the creator of a city plan which would offer Argos big streets, squares and public spaces. However, both Voulgaris and, later, French architect de Borroczun's plans were not well received by the locals, with the result that the former had to be revised by Zavos. Ultimately, none of the plans were fully implemented. Still, the structural characteristics of de Borroczun's plan can be found in the city today, despite obvious proof of pre-revolutionary layout, such as the unorganised urban sprawl testified in the area from Inachou street to the point where the railway tracks can be found today.
After talks concerning the intentions of the Greek government to move the Greek capital from Nafplio to Athens, discussions regarding the possibility of Argos also being a candidate as the potential new capital became more frequent, with supporters of the idea claiming that, unlike Athens, Argos was naturally protected by its position and benefited from a nearby port (Nafplio). Moreover, it was maintained that construction of public buildings would be difficult in Athens, given that most of the land was owned by the Greek church, meaning that a great deal of expropriation would have to take place. On the contrary, Argos did not face a similar problem, having large available areas for this purpose. In the end, the proposition of the Greek capital being moved to Argos was rejected by the father of king Otto, Ludwig, who insisted in making Athens the capital, something which eventually happened in 1834.
During the German occupation, Argos airfield was frequently attacked by Allied forces. One of the raids was so large that it resulted in the bombing of the city on October 14, 1943, with the casualties of about 100 dead Argives and several casualties, and 75 of the Germans. The bombing started from the airfield heading southeast, hitting the monastery of Katakrykmeni and several areas of the city, up to the railway station.
Mythology
The mythological kings of Argos are (in order): Inachus, Phoroneus, Apis, Argus, Criasus, (Phorbas, Triopas is sometimes between Criasus and Iasus in some sources), Iasus, Agenor, (Crotopus and Sthenelus was between Agenor and Gelanor in some sources), Gelanor AKA Pelasgus, Danaus, Lynceus, Abas, Proetus, Acrisius, Perseus, Megapenthes, (Argeus and Anaxagoras comes after in some sources).
An alternative version supplied by Tatian of the original 17 consecutive kings of Argos includes Apis, Argios, Kriasos and Phorbas between Argus and Triopas, explaining the apparent unrelation of Triopas to Argus.
The city of Argos was believed to be the birthplace of the mythological character Perseus, the son of the god Zeus and Danaë, who was the daughter of the king of Argos, Acrisius.
After the original 17 kings of Argos, there were three kings ruling Argos at the same time (see Anaxagoras), one descended from Bias, one from Melampus, and one from Anaxagoras. Melampus was succeeded by his son Mantius, then Oicles, and Amphiaraus, and his house of Melampus lasted down to the brothers Alcmaeon and Amphilochus.
Anaxagoras was succeeded by his son Alector, and then Iphis. Iphis left his kingdom to his nephew Sthenelus, the son of his brother Capaneus.
Bias was succeeded by his son Talaus, and then by his son Adrastus who, with Amphiaraus, commanded the disastrous war of the Seven against Thebes. Adrastus bequeathed the kingdom to his son, Aegialeus, who was subsequently killed in the war of the Epigoni. Diomedes, grandson of Adrastus through his son-in-law Tydeus and daughter Deipyle, replaced Aegialeus and was King of Argos during the Trojan war. This house lasted longer than those of Anaxagoras and Melampus, and eventually the kingdom was reunited under its last member, Cyanippus, son of Aegialeus, soon after the exile of Diomedes.
Ecclesiastical history
After Christianity became established in Argos, the first bishop documented in extant written records is Genethlius, who in 448 AD took part in the synod called by Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople that deposed Eutyches from his priestly office and excommunicated him. The next bishop of Argos, Onesimus, was at the 451 Council of Chalcedon. His successor, Thales, was a signatory of the letter that the bishops of the Roman province of Hellas sent in 458 to Byzantine Emperor Leo I the Thracian to protest the killing of Proterius of Alexandria. Bishop Ioannes was at the Third Council of Constantinople in 680, and Theotimus at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879). The local see is today the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Argolis.
Under 'Frankish' Crusader rule, Argos became a Latin Church bishopric in 1212, which lasted as a residential see until Argos was taken by the Ottoman Empire in 1463 but would be revived under the second Venetian rule in 1686. Today the diocese is a Catholic titular see.
Geography
Climate
Argos has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). It is one of the hottest places in Greece during summer. Argos has generally cold winters, although due to the local climate, some winter months may have little rainfall. The weather of Argos includes an abundant amount of sunny days throughout the year, even in the winter. Temperatures below zero degrees Celsius are recorded mostly in the nightly hours during the winter months. Snowfalls are generally rare there, although not unheard of. The most recent significant snowfall in Argos occurred in early January 2017 during a large European cold wave. There is also a degree of variation in the annual rainfall volumes in Argos, as rainfall in Argos usually is between 300 and 800 millimeters depending the year.
Characteristics
Orientation
The city of Argos is delimited to the north by dry river Xerias, to the east by Inachos river and Panitsa stream (which emanates from the latter), to the west by the Larissa hill (site of homonymous castle and of a monastery called Panagia Katakekrymeni-Portokalousa) and the Aspida Hill (unofficially Prophetes Elias hill), and to the south by the Notios Periferiakos road.
The Agios Petros (Saint Peter) square, along with the eponymous cathedral (dedicated to saint Peter the Wonderworker), make up the town centre, whereas some other characteristic town squares are the Laiki Agora (Open Market) square, officially Dimokratias (Republic) square, where, as implied by its name, an open market takes place twice a week, Staragora (Wheat Market), officially Dervenakia square, and Dikastirion (Court) square. Bonis Park is an essential green space of the city.
Currently, the most commercially active streets of the city are those surrounding the Agios Petros square (Kapodistriou, Danaou, Vassileos Konstantinou streets) as well as Korinthou street. The Pezodromi (Pedestrian Streets), i.e. the paved Michael Stamou, Tsaldari and Venizelou streets, are the most popular meeting point, encompassing a wide variety of shops and cafeterias. The neighborhood of Gouva, which extends around the intersection of Vassileos Konstantinou and Tsokri streets, is also considered a commercial point.
In the center of the city, next to the St. Peter's church, there is an artificial lake that was constructed and filled during an extensive redevelopment works in the city, which lasted between February 2015 and April 2016. During the work for the redevelopment of the city's square the floor of the old (now demolished) church of St. Nicholas was found, which was located north of the present-day church of St. Peter, that was built after 1865. Pursuant to a decision of the Central Archaeological Council, the floor and part of the sidewalls of the old church were covered with dirt in early March 2016.
On 15 February 2022 a new statue of Heracles was unveiled. It is a replica of a statue made by Lysippus of Sicyon in the 4th century BC. The Roman copy of Lysippus' statue is known as the Farnese Hercules, and it is exhibited in Naples, Italy.
In March 2022 the construction of the fountain in St. Peter's square was completed. In the base of the marble fountain there are four lions. Above the visitor can see four members of the Danaids. The fountain has a width of 7 meters and a height of 5 meters, while the fountain was designed in collaboration with the Supreme School of Fine Arts in Athens.
The city has three monasteries that are located in Larissa hill.
Population
In 700 BC there were at least 5,000 people living in the city. In the fourth century BC, the city was home to as many as 30,000 people.
Today, according to the 2011 Greek census, the city has a population of 22,085. It is the largest city in Argolis, larger than the capital Nafplio.
Economy
The primary economic activity in the area is agriculture. Citrus fruits are the predominant crop, followed by olives and apricots. The area is also famous for its local melon variety, Argos melons (or Argitiko). There is also important local production of dairy products, factories for fruits processing.
Considerable remains of the ancient and medieval city survive and are a popular tourist attraction.
Monuments
Most of Argos' historical and archaeological monuments are currently unused, abandoned, or only partially renovated:
The Larisa castle, built during prehistoric time, which has undergone several repairs and expansions since antiquity and played a significant historical role during the Venetian domination of Greece and the Greek War of Independence. It is located on top of the Larissa Hill, which also constitutes the highest spot of the city (289 m.). In ancient times, a castle was also found on neighbouring Aspida Hill. When connected with walls, these two castles fortified the city from enemy invasions.
The ancient theatre, built in the 3rd century B.C with a capacity of 20,000 spectators, replaced an older neighbouring theatre of the 5th century BC and communicated with the ancient agora. It was visible from any part of the ancient city and the Argolic gulf. In 1829, it was used by Ioannis Kapodistrias for the Fourth National Assembly of the new Hellenic State. Today, cultural events are held at its premises during the summer months.
The ancient agora, adjacent to the ancient theatre, which developed in the 6th century B.C., was located at the junction of the ancient roads coming from Corinth, Heraion and Tegea. Excavations in the area have uncovered a bouleuterion, built in 460 B.C. when Argos adopted the democratic regime, a Sanctuary of Apollo Lyceus and a palaestra.
The "Criterion" of Argos, an ancient monument located on the southwest side of the town, on the foot of Larissa hill, which came to have its current structure during the 6th–3rd century BC period. Initially, it served as a court of ancient Argos, similar to Areopagus of Athens. According to mythology, it was at this area where Hypermnestra, one of the 50 daughters of Danaus, the first king of Argos, was tried. Later, under the reigns of Hadrian, a fountain was created to collect and circulate water coming from the Hadrianean aqueduct located in northern Argos. The site is connected via a paved path with the ancient theatre.
The Barracks of Kapodistrias, a preservable building with a long history. Built in the 1690s during the Venetian domination of Greece, they initially served as a hospital run by the Sisters of Mercy. During the Tourkokratia, they served as a market and a post office. Later, in 1829, significant damage caused during the Greek revolution was repaired by Kapodistrias who turned the building into a cavalry barrack, a school (1893–1894), an exhibition space (1899), a shelter for Greek refugees displaced during the population exchange between Greece and Turkey (since 1920) and an interrogation and torture space (during the German occupation of Greece). In 1955–68, it was used by the army for the last time; it now accommodates the Byzantine Museum of Argos, local corporations and also serves as an exhibition space.
The Municipal Neoclassical Market building (unofficially the "Kamares", i.e. arches, from the arches that it boasts), built in 1889, which is located next to Dimokratias square, is one of the finest samples of modern Argos' masterly architecture, in Ernst Ziller style. The elongated, two corridor, preservable building accommodates small shops.
The Kapodistrian school, in central Argos. Built by architect Labros Zavos in 1830, as part of Kapodistrias' efforts to provide places of education to the Greek people, it could accommodate up to 300 students. However, technical difficulties led to its decay, until it was restored several times, the last of which being in 1932. Today, its neoclassical character is evident, with the building housing the 1st elementary school of the town.
The old Town Hall, built during the time of Kapodistrias in 1830, which originally served as a venue for a justice of the peace, the local government of Argos, an arm of the carabineers and a prison. From 1987 to 2012, it housed the town hall, which is now located in Kapodistriou street.
The house of philhellene Thomas Gordon, built in 1829 that served as an all-girls school, a dance school and was home to the 4th Greek artillery regiment. Today it accommodates the French Institute of Athens (Institut Français d' Athènes).
The house of Spyridon Trikoupis (built in 1900), where the politician was born and spent his childhood. Also located in the estate, which is not open to public, is the Saint Charalambos chapel where Trikoupis was baptized.
The house of general Tsokris, important military fighter in the Greek revolution of 1821 and later assemblyman of Argos.
The temple of Agios Konstadinos, one of the very few remaining buildings in Argos dating from the Ottoman Greece era. It is estimated to have been built around 1570–1600, with a minaret also having existed in its premises. It served as a mosque and an Ottoman cemetery up to 1871, when it was declared a Christian temple.
The chambered tombs of the Aspida hill.
The Hellinikon Pyramid. Dating back to late 4th century B.C., it has elicited many theories as to its purpose (tumulus, fortress). Together with the widely accepted scientific chronology, there are some people who claim it was built shortly after the Great Pyramid of Giza as a symbol of the excellent relationship the citizens of Argos had with Egypt.
A great number of archaeological findings, dating from the prehistoric ages, can be found at the Argos museum, housed at the old building of Dimitrios Kallergis at Saint Peter's square. The Argos airfield, located in the homonymous area (Aerodromio) in the northwest outskirts of the city, is also worth mentioning. The area it covers was created in 1916–1917 and was heavily used during the Greco-Italian War and for the training of new Kaberos school aviators for the Hellenic Air Force Academy. It also constituted an important benchmark in the organization of the Greek air forces in southern Greece. Furthermore, the airfield was used by the Germans for the release of their aerial troops during the Battle of Crete. It was last used as a landing/takeoff point for spray planes (for agricultural purposes in the olive tree cultivations) up until 1985.
Transportation
Argos is connected via regular bus services with neighbouring areas as well as Athens. In addition, taxi stands can be found at the Agios Petros as well as the Laiki Agora square. A good road network ensures the connection of the city with the surrounding towns, villages and the rest of Peloponnese and the country.
The city also has a railway station which, at the moment, remains closed due to an indefinite halt to all railway services in the Peloponnese area by the Hellenic Railways Organisation. However, in late 2014, it was announced that the station would open up again, as part of an expansion of the Athens suburban railway in Argos, Nafplio and Korinthos, however the plan never came in fruition. Finally in mid 2020 it was announced by the administration of Peloponnese Region their cooperation with the Hellenic Railways Organisation for the metric line and stations maintenance for the purpose of the line's reoperation in the middle of 2021. As of April 2023, no steps have been taken to prepare for reopening of the railway lines, to the dismay of the local population.
Education
Argos has a wide range of educational institutes that also serve neighbouring sparsely populated areas and villages. In particular, the city has seven dimotika (primary schools), four gymnasia (junior high), three lyceums (senior high), one vocational school, one music school as well as a Touristical Business and Cooking department and a post-graduate ASPETE department. The city also has two public libraries.
For the academic year 2020–2021, the beginning of operations for a faculty of Rural Economy of the University of Peloponnese in Argos was planned. However, the creation of this faculty was cancelled by the Greek ministry of education.
There is a municipal children's'-youth library next to the Bonis Park, and another one next to Aggeli Bobou street.
Sports
Argos hosts two major sport clubs with presence in higher national divisions and several achievements, Panargiakos F.C. football club, founded in 1926 and AC Diomidis Argous handball club founded in 1976. Other sport clubs that are based in Argos: A.E.K. Argous, Apollon Argous, Aristeas Argous, Olympiakos Argous, Danaoi and Panionios Dalamanaras.
The city has a municipal sports' center, an indoor gym and a municipal swimming bath that was opened in May 2021.
Notable people
Acrisius, mythological king
Theoclymenus, mythological prophet
Agamemnon, legendary leader of the Achaeans in the Trojan War
Acusilaus (6th century BC), logographer and mythographer
Ageladas (6th–5th century BC), sculptor
Calchas (8th century BC), Homeric mythological seer
Karanos (8th century BC), founder of the Macedonian Argead Dynasty
Leo Sgouros (13th century), Byzantine despot
Nikon the Metanoeite (10th century), Christian saint of Armenian origin, according to some sources born in Argos
Pheidon (7th century BC), king of Argos
Argus (7th century BC), king of Argos
Polykleitos (5th–4th century BC), sculptor
Polykleitos the Younger (4th century BC), sculptor
Telesilla (6th century BC), Greek poet
Bilistiche, hetaira and lover of pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Eleni Bakopanos (born 1954), Canadian politician
Samuel Greene Wheeler Benjamin (1837–1914), American statesman
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Argos is twinned with:
Veria, Greece
Abbeville, France
Episkopi, Cyprus
Mtskheta, Georgia (1991)
See also
Argos (dog)
Communities of Argos (municipal unit)
Kings of Argos
List of ancient Greek cities
List of settlements in Argolis
Notes
Sources and external links
Website of abolished Municipality of Argos (web archive)
GCatholic with incumbent bio links
The Theatre at Argos, The Ancient Theatre Archive, Theatre specifications and virtual reality tour of theatre
Populated places in Argolis
Argos-Mykines
Populated places in ancient Argolis
Ancient Greek sanctuaries in Greece
Aegean palaces of the Bronze Age
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Peloponnese (region)
Mycenaean sites in Argolis
Byzantine sites in Greece
Stato da Màr
Greek city-states |
Nowy Waliszów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
It lies approximately east of Bystrzyca Kłodzka, south of Kłodzko, and south of the regional capital Wrocław.
References
Villages in Kłodzko County |
Edgardo "Edgar" Díaz Díaz (born April 18, 1968) is a former pole vaulter from Puerto Rico. He competed for his native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1992. He is also a two-time gold medalist at the Central American and Caribbean Games of 1993 and 1998.
Achievements
References
1968 births
Living people
Puerto Rican male pole vaulters
Olympic track and field athletes for Puerto Rico
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games competitors for Puerto Rico
Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1995 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 Pan American Games
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Puerto Rico
Competitors at the 1993 Central American and Caribbean Games
Competitors at the 1998 Central American and Caribbean Games
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics |
"We Are Stars" is the first single released by the Canadian pop rock singer Virginia to Vegas, featuring the Canadian recording artist Alyssa Reid. The song was written by Derik John Baker (Virginia to Vegas) and Reid with Jamie Appleby, Nathan Ferraro, Kevin Figs and O.C. It was produced by Figs. It was released to digital retailers by Universal Music Group, Wax Records and Ultra Records on 7 January 2014 as the lead single from Virginia to Vegas' debut studio album, Utopian (2016). It was later released to the US on 29 July 2014. The song is also included on Virginia to Vegas' first extended play, Vol. I (2014).
The song was a success in Canada, peaking at number 14 on the Canadian Hot 100 and being certified Gold by Music Canada by March 2014. It has since reached Platinum sales. "We Are Stars" reached the top 15 on several Canadian airplay charts reported by Billboard. On the year-end Hot 100 chart, the song was ranked at 57.
Reid later recorded a solo acoustic version of the song for her third studio album, Phoenix (2015). It served as the first promotional single in November 2015.
Reception
Critical
Janie Contreras at UMusicians gave the song a positive four-star (out of five) review. She described "We Are Stars" as "exquisitely mixed" and "quite catchy", while drawing particular attention to the anthemic positivism of the lyrics.
Due to its strong reception on contemporary hit radio in its first month, Virgin Radio Toronto dubbed Virginia to Vegas its "Future Star" for the month of January 2014.
Commercial
"We Are Stars" entered the Billboard Canadian Hot 100 at No. 94 for the week ending 1 February 2014. The song peaked at No. 14 in its 14th chart week, on the chart dated 3 May 2014. It was well received by Top 40, adult contemporary and hot adult contemporary radio in Canada, attaining a top 15 position on the Billboard airplay charts for all three of these formats. By 24 May 2014, "We Are Stars" had peaked at No. 13 on the Canada AC chart, at No. 11 on the Canada CHR/Top 40 chart, and at No. 14 on the Canada Hot AC chart. The song was ranked at number 57 on the Billboard Year-End Canadian Hot 100 chart.
Music video
The official music video for "We Are Stars" was directed by Marc Andre Debrunye and was premiered on 15 March 2014. Black and white concert footage of Virginia to Vegas performing the song and behind-the-scenes shots of him and Reid from their Time Bomb Tour are shown intermittently between neon-lit scenes of the two touring in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2014 songs
2014 singles
Virginia to Vegas songs
Alyssa Reid songs
Songs written by Virginia to Vegas
Songs written by Alyssa Reid
Songs written by James Ash |
Agyenim N. Boateng (born June 25, 1941) is a Ghanaian American lawyer and judge. He is a dual citizen of the United States and Ghana currently residing in Lexington, Kentucky in the United States. He is a former Administrative Law Judge for the Transportation Cabinet of Kentucky and a former Deputy Attorney General for the State of Kentucky. He is also active in the United States wing of the New Patriotic Party of Ghana.
Education and training
He was educated at St Peter's Boys School, Kumasi, Ghana, followed by secondary education at Asanteman Secondary School. He was the first
student editor of The Porcupine. He passed the Cambridge School Certificate Exam (West African Examination Council) in 1959. In 1962, he passed the University of London General Certificate of Education Advanced Level examinations. He became a tutor at his alma mater (Asanteman Secondary School) for about three years before coming to the United States for further studies in 1964[1] Boateng attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he obtained a B.A. in government in 1966. He further achieved a (M.A) master's degree in political science from Atlanta University (now
Clark Atlanta University) in 1969. His master's thesis was entitled "Some Problems of National Integration in Ghana and Nigeria, 1957–66: A Case Study".Agyenim attended Howard University School of Law, Washington
D.C., where he obtained a Doctor of Jurisprudence degree in 1973. His doctoral thesis was entitled "Case Study of Forced Labor among Professionals in Europe and Africa: A Question of International Law on Human Rights". While at Howard University, he became the president of the Howard University Society of International Law (HUSIL) and led the moot court team as its captain for the annual international Jessup Moot Court Competition, organized by the American Society of International Law (ASIL). His team won the American regional championship.
Career
He worked as an assistant professor at Alabama State University in Montgomery, Alabama and also at Daniel Payne College in Birmingham, Alabama, where he served as an assistant professor of political and social science. From 1973 to 1974, he served as a fellow Reginald Heber Smith Community Lawyer with the Louisville Legal Aid Society.
Boateng then joined the Commonwealth of Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, served as a state attorney, and rose through the ranks to become division director of the Administrative Law Hearing Section, where he also served as its chief administrative law judge for 16 years. In 1998, he was appointed by the Attorney General for the Commonwealth as one of his assistants, later became his deputy, and served that post until his retirement in January 2009. Since the fall of 2014, he has been serving as an adjunct professor of American government at Midway College, Midway, Kentucky.
Achievements
In 1973, he became a Reginald H. Smith Fellow, selected with 2000 other U.S. law school graduates to work as community lawyers across the U.S. for various legal aid societies.
He was a member of the U.S. Ghanaian diasporans who went to Ghana in 2005 to lobby the Ghana Parliament for the passage of Representative of the People's Amendment Act 699' (ROPAA), which gave the right of Ghana diasporas to vote in Ghana's general elections and referendums from their places of residence. On December 17, 2008, he and five other plaintiffs from the U.S. successfully sued and won at the Accra High Court of Human Rights against the Electoral Commission of Ghana for the right of the Ghanaian diaspora to vote in the 2020 general elections. He also drafted the necessary regulations (constitutional instruments) for its implementation by the National Electoral Commission of Ghana (NEC), which failed to implement them.
Agyenim Boateng is now in private practice, serving as a legal and policy analyst consultant at his office in Lexington, Kentucky.
Awards
Award for Excellence: Howard University School of law(1973) Law School Team Captain and Oralist, American Students' International Law Moot Court Competition
Honorable Order of Kentucky Colonel 2009 by Governor of Kentucky for meritorious service on his retirement.
Recognition award : The Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, July 7, 2012; For distinguish service to the State of Kentucky, community and the legal profession
Elevated to Senior Counselor status by the Kentucky Bar Association (KBA) at its annual convention held in Lexington, Kentucky, on June 22, 2015
Member of International Toastmasters, Lex Mark Club. Earned Distinguished Toastmasters (DTM) award on Feb 5, 2020. DTM is the highest award conferred on International Toastmasters members
Personal life
Dr. Agyenim Boateng is from Atimatim-Kumasi, Efigya-Kwabre District and belongs to the Ekuona clan of the Ashanti. He lived with wife Deloris (died May 27, 2015, in Montgomery, Alabama) and with their two children in Lexington, KY. He has two other grown sons.
References
1941 births
Living people
Kentucky Republicans
Ghanaian emigrants to the United States
Kentucky lawyers
Miami University alumni
Clark Atlanta University alumni
Howard University School of Law alumni |
Orestes (fl. 415 AD) was a Roman state official serving as governor of the diocese of Egypt (the Augustal prefect) in 415. During his term of office, he waged a violent feud against the bishop of Alexandria, Cyril, and their struggle precipitated the death of the philosopher and scientist Hypatia.
Biography
In 415, during his office, he clashed with the young bishop of Alexandria, Cyril, who had been appointed shortly before Orestes to succeed to the Patriarchate of Alexandria after the death of Theophilus, Cyril's own uncle. Orestes steadfastly resisted Cyril's agenda of ecclesiastical encroachment into secular prerogatives.
On one occasion, Cyril sent the grammaticus Hierax to secretly discover the content of an edict that Orestes was to promulgate on the mimes shows, which attracted great crowds. When the Jews, with whom Cyril had clashed before, discovered the presence of Hierax, they rioted, complaining that Hierax's presence was aimed at provoking them. Then Orestes had Hierax tortured in public in a theatre. This order had two aims: the first was to quell the riot, the other to mark Orestes' authority on Cyril.
According to Christian sources, the Jews of Alexandria schemed against the Christians and killed many of them. Cyril reacted and expelled either all of the Jews, or else only the murderers, from Alexandria, actually exerting a power that belonged to the civil officer, Orestes. Orestes was powerless, but nonetheless rejected Cyril's gesture of offering him a Bible, which would mean that the religious authority of Cyril would require Orestes' acquiescence in the bishop's policy.
This refusal almost cost Orestes his life. Nitrian monks came from the desert and instigated a riot against Orestes among the population of Alexandria. These monks' violence had already been used, 15 years before, by Theophilus against the "Tall Brothers"; furthermore, it is said that Cyril had spent five years among them in ascetic training. The monks assaulted Orestes and accused him of being a pagan. Orestes rejected the accusations, showing that he had been baptised by the Archbishop of Constantinople. However, the monks were not satisfied, and one of them, Ammonius, threw a stone and hit Orestes in the head, and so much blood flowed out that he was covered in it. Orestes' guard, fearing to be stoned by the monks, fled leaving Orestes alone. The people of Alexandria, however, came to his help, captured Ammonius and put the monks to flight. Orestes was cured and put Ammonius under torture in a public place. The prefect then wrote to the emperor Theodosius II, telling him of the events. Cyril also wrote to the Emperor, telling his version of the events. The bishop also seized the body of Ammonius and put it in a church, conferring upon him the title of Thaumasius and putting his name in the list of the martyrs. However, the Christian population of Alexandria knew that Ammonius had been killed for his assault and not for his faith, and Cyril was obliged to remain silent about the events.
Prefect Orestes enjoyed the political backing of Hypatia, a philosopher who had considerable moral authority in the city of Alexandria, and who had extensive influence. Indeed, many students from wealthy and influential families came to Alexandria purposely to study privately with Hypatia, and many of these later attained high posts in government and the Church. Several Christians thought that Hypatia's influence had caused Orestes to reject all reconciliatory offerings by Cyril. Modern historians think that Orestes had cultivated his relationship with Hypatia to strengthen a bond with the pagan community of Alexandria, as he had done with the Jewish one, to handle better the difficult political life of the Egyptian capital. A Christian mob however, grabbed Hypatia out of her chariot and brutally murdered her, hacking her body apart and burning the pieces outside the city walls.
This political assassination eliminated an important and powerful supporter of the Imperial Prefect, and led Orestes to give up his struggle against Patriarch Cyril and leave Alexandria.
Legacy
Orestes is portrayed in Ki Longfellow's Flow Down Like Silver, Hypatia of Alexandria in a highly imaginative way. In the 2009 film Agora, by Alejandro Amenábar, Orestes is interpreted by Oscar Isaac.
See also
Cyril of Alexandria
Hypatia
Notes
Sources
Susan Wessel, Cyril of Alexandria and the Nestorian controversy: the making of a saint and of a heretic, Oxford University Press, 2004, .
5th-century Roman governors of Egypt
Byzantine governors
Roman-era Alexandrians
Hypatia |
Isabella Aiukli Cornell is a citizen of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, and a young activist. She is the organizing member of Matriarch, and inter-tribal non-profit based in Oklahoma. In 2018, her Junior prom dress garnered national attention which highlighted the crisis of violence against Native women.
Early life
Isabella has been participating in activist movements against the epidemic of violence faced by Native American women and girls since the age of 14. She became an organizing member of Matriarch, an intertribal organization of women from different tribes, co-founded by Isabella's mother, Sarah Adams-Cornell.
News
Isabella Aiukli Cornell made a strong political statement at her prom in 2018 with a red dress bearing symbols of her Choctow heritage. Cornell worked closely with the designer, Della Bighair-Stump, an indigenous designer belonging to Crow tribe, to create the applique design. The dress is a symbol of many indigenous women who have disappeared or have been murdered but never accounted for.
The dress
The dress is now on display in “Girlhood,” a new exhibit at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, commemorating the 100th anniversary of women's suffrage. The red color of the dress is particularly symbolic by the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women movement. Multiple native tribes also believe that red is the only color that spirits can see. The project believes that the color not only will help to bring awareness to the cause but also help guide back the spirits of the murdered women and children so that they can lay them to rest. The diamond-shaped beaded applique on the dress symbolizes the diamondback snake, venerated by Choctaw farmers as protector of crops. The wool bodice evokes the long history of Native peoples who traded fur for wool cloth beginning in the early 1600s.
See also
Minnijean Brown-Trickey
National Museum of American History
Missing and murdered Indigenous women
Indigenous Peoples of the America
REDress Project
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Choctaw people
Activists from Oklahoma
Living people |
The 1989–90 Providence Friars men's basketball team represented Providence College during the 1989–90 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Led by second-year head coach Rick Barnes, the Friars finished the season 17–12 (8–8 Big East) and received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the 9 seed in the West region.
Roster
Schedule and results
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!colspan=12 style=| NCAA Tournament
Rankings
NBA draft
References
Providence Friars men's basketball seasons
Providence
Providence |
Kleber Romero (born February 14, 1976 in Santa Cecília do Pavão) is a former Brazilian football player. He is currently manager of Treze Futebol Clube.
Playing career
Kleber Romero is notable for his appearance in the J2 League for Consadole Sapporo in 1999, and for playing in Campeonato Brasileiro Série B with Sport Club do Recife in 2006, São Caetano in 2007, Vila Nova in 2008 and Campinense in 2009.
He has also represented a number of other Brazilian clubs, including Matsubara, Mirassol, Maringá, Treze, Criciúma and Rio Branco-SP.
Managerial career
Kleber Romero was appointed sporting director of the football department of Campinense in October 2012. After winning the 2013 Copa do Nordeste he left at the end of the 2014 season to take up the same role with CSE-AL.
He was appointed assistant coach by Treze in October 2017, and has taken interim charge of the team on a number of occasions, the most recent occasion being March 2019.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian football managers
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J2 League players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C managers
Sociedade Esportiva Matsubara players
Mirassol Futebol Clube players
Grêmio de Esportes Maringá players
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo players
Campinense Clube players
Treze Futebol Clube players
Criciúma Esporte Clube players
Sport Club do Recife players
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
Vila Nova Futebol Clube players
Rio Branco Esporte Clube players
Treze Futebol Clube managers |
Pierre Bousquet (; November 1919 – 27 August 1991) was a French journalist and far-right politician. A former section leader (Rottenführer) in the Waffen-SS Charlemagne Division, Bousquet was the first treasurer and a founding member of the National Front in 1972.
Biography
Early life and WWII
Pierre Bousquet was born in November 1919 in Tours. He became a member of the youth movement of the Mouvement Franciste in 1936. In 1941 Marcel Bucard appointed him director of the commanding office of Jeunesse française. On 25 August 1943, Bousquet joined the Waffen-SS in Alsace and ended up with the rank of Rottenführer in the Charlemagne Division.
1950–1960s
After the Fall of France in August 1944, he managed to convince the American troops that he had been a forced member of the Service du travail obligatoire, and was designated to be in charge of organizing the arrest and the return to France of former collaborationists. Back in Paris in 1946, he tried to infiltrate anti-communist movements with a group of former Waffen-SS in order to maneuver them. Bousquet then became an activist in the neo-fascist movement Jeune Nation led by Pierre Sidos in the late 1950s.
A member of the euro-nationalist magazine Europe-Action, he replaced Dominique Venner as the president of the European Rally for Liberty following its failure in the 1967 legislative election, along with another former Waffen-SS named Pierre Clémenti. This takeover, along with the relations maintained with the German neo-Nazi NPD and seminars held on Mein Kampf, triggered a wave of resignations. In March 1968, an extraordinary session of the REL's national council excluded Bousquet and Venner from the movement.
1970–1980s
Bousquet created the nationalist magazine Militant with Pierre Pauty in December 1967. He participated in the founding of the National Front (FN) in 1972 and was its first treasurer. Bousquet left the party in 1980, dismissing the FN as pro-Zionist since the assassination of François Duprat in 1978. He launched in 1983 the French Nationalist Party along with former Waffen-SS Jean Castrillo.
Later life and death
He declared in 1986 that he did not see his past in the Waffen-SS as a "youthful mistake", but condemned gas chambers and Nazi torture in an equivocal manner: "assuming–and I mean assuming–that there were gas chambers and torture, I condemn them." He added that he kept on advocating a "white Europe, from Brest to Vladivostok".
Bousquet died in 1991. FN founding members Roger Holeindre and Roland Gaucher were present at his funeral. He was a neo-pagan.
References
Bibliography
1919 births
1991 deaths
National Rally (France) politicians
French nationalists
French modern pagans
French male journalists
20th-century French journalists
French collaborators with Nazi Germany |
Tihomir Atanassov Dovramadjiev (), born on 22 May 1979 in Varna, Bulgaria; also known as Tihomir Titschko ("Titschko" being a short form of "Tihomir") and as TigerTAD on the Playchess server, is a Bulgarian chess FIDE master and chess boxer. He became the first European chess boxing champion from Berlin, Germany, in 2005. with both World Chess Boxing Organisation - WCBO and World Chess Boxing Association - WCBA acknowledgments. He has held the International Chess Federation - FIDE title of FIDE master since 2004. Recently, he has held the position of associate professor in the Department of Industrial Design at the Technical University of Varna.
Early years and sport activity
Before taking up chess boxing, Dovramadjiev won the Bulgarian national chess championship in his age group multiple times and had played in international chess tournaments.
He was the national youth chess champion of Bulgaria in 1991 (classic), 1993 (classic), 1997 (blitz), and 1998 (classic). He was a member of the youth team of the Bulgarian National Chess Team, together with the world chess champions GM Veselin Topalov and GM Antoaneta Stefanova. He also participated in a number of European and world youth championships, 5th place at the 1991 European Championship in Mamaia, Romania; 3rd–4th place at the 1991 World Championship in Warsaw, Poland; and 2nd-3rd place at the 1993 European Rapid Chess Championship in Paris, France.
In 2001 and 2008, he won the chess section of the Varna Sport Universiade. In 1997, he was on the 1st place Kaissa team from Varna at the youth team championship in Plovdiv. He continued to compete on teams from Varna, as well as on the Lokomotiv team from Plovdiv, Bulgaria. He then played in the German team league, where he competed for SV Nashuatec of Berlin, Germany, which won the German Landesliga for the 2003–2004 season, defeating the Gillette team in the decisive match. For the Nashuatec team, he recorded a result of 22 wins, 2 draws, and 0 defeats.
He has successfully participated in a number of online championships, repeatedly ranking among the top three in tournaments held by ChessBase / Playchess Germany. , his FIDE Elo rating is 2356.
Tihomir Titschko and chess boxing
In 2003 Titschko was invited by the World Chess Boxing Organisation (WCBO) to participate in their tournaments. In October 2005, he won the first European Chess Boxing Championship by defeating Andreas Schneider (Germany) in the final event. The event was covered by a number of international media, such as Eurosport, Sports Illustrated, CNN, the Los Angeles Times, Die WELT, ChessBase, and others. A detailed video report was presented on the German television channel RBB Fernsehen.
Recent career in academia
In parallel with his sports activities in the first decade of the 21st century, Titschko has continued his career in academia.
In 2002–2006, at the Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria (TU-Varna), he earned a master's degree in ergonomics and industrial design. In 2007–2009, he earned a master's in social and legal sciences, criminology, and social prevention. From 2009–2012 he was a full-time doctoral student at TU-Varna. He successfully defended his doctoral thesis: "Creating a design of osseointegrated dental implants" and received a PhD in 2012. The official state data are available on the website of Bulgarian National Centre for Information and Documentation (NACID). During his doctoral studies, he also taught as a lecturer. In 2012, he became an assistant professor at TU-Varna, in the Department of Industrial Design.
In 2018, after winning a government-sponsored competition, he held the academic position of associate professor at TU-Varna.
Currently, his activities include teaching within the university, mentoring undergraduate and graduate students, and participating in research projects. , according to ResearchGate, his scientific publications have over 300K views. In 2020, as a coordinator for TU-Varna, with his international colleagues from nine partner countries, he participated in the creation of the Ergonomics and Human Factors Regional Educational CEEPUS Network.
, he is on the editorial board of the IETI Transactions on Ergonomics and Safety (TES, ISSN 2520-5439) and IETI Transactions on Engineering Research and Practice (TERP, ISSN 2616-1699) of the International Engineering and Technology Institute. He participated in the 16th International Symposium in Management Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Challenging Global Times. He is an academic member and special issue editor of MDPI Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390; Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Mathematics; ) / CiteScore - Q1 (General Mathematics); Impact Factor: 2.592 (2021) ; 5-Year Impact Factor: 2.542 (2021)) Special Issue "Mathematics and Computer Programming in 2D and 3D Open Source Software". He has acted as chairman, author, or reviewer of the Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) conference, the International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED), the Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI) conference, the International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET), the International Symposium in Management (SIM), and other international science conferences and congresses.
He is a co-author of the international team book TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP (September 5, 2023, by CRC Press) "NEW PERSPECTIVES IN BEHAVIORAL CYBERSECURITY" Human Behavior and Decision-Making Models, ISBN 9781032414775. The world partnership: USA (General Coordinator), Bulgaria, Estonia, Canada, United Arab Emirates, Cameroon and the Philippines.
Since 2021, he has been the President of the Bulgarian Association of Ergonomics and Human Factors (BAEHF), which is affiliated and a member of the Federation of the European Ergonomics Societies (FEES).
References
External links
Tihomir Dovramadjiev official website
Tihomir Dovramadjiev - YouTube Channel
1979 births
Living people
Bulgarian male boxers
Bulgarian chess players
Chess boxers
Chess FIDE Masters
Sportspeople from Varna, Bulgaria |
Tom Stuart (25 October 1893 – 10 February 1957) was an English footballer who played as a left back for Bootle Albion and Tranmere Rovers. He made 205 appearances for Tranmere, scoring 13 goals.
References
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
1893 births
1957 deaths
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Footballers from Liverpool |
In biochemistry, a transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). They are involved in hundreds of different biochemical pathways throughout biology, and are integral to some of life's most important processes.
Transferases are involved in myriad reactions in the cell. Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, which transfers thiol esters, the action of N-acetyltransferase, which is part of the pathway that metabolizes tryptophan, and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. Transferases are also utilized during translation. In this case, an amino acid chain is the functional group transferred by a peptidyl transferase. The transfer involves the removal of the growing amino acid chain from the tRNA molecule in the A-site of the ribosome and its subsequent addition to the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P-site.
Mechanistically, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction would be a transferase:
In the above reaction (where the dash represents a bond, not a minus sign), X would be the donor, and Y would be the acceptor. R denotes the functional group transferred as a result of transferase activity. The donor is often a coenzyme.
History
Some of the most important discoveries relating to transferases occurred as early as the 1930s. Earliest discoveries of transferase activity occurred in other classifications of enzymes, including beta-galactosidase, protease, and acid/base phosphatase. Prior to the realization that individual enzymes were capable of such a task, it was believed that two or more enzymes enacted functional group transfers.
Transamination, or the transfer of an amine (or NH2) group from an amino acid to a keto acid by an aminotransferase (also known as a "transaminase"), was first noted in 1930 by Dorothy M. Needham, after observing the disappearance of glutamic acid added to pigeon breast muscle. This observance was later verified by the discovery of its reaction mechanism by Braunstein and Kritzmann in 1937. Their analysis showed that this reversible reaction could be applied to other tissues. This assertion was validated by Rudolf Schoenheimer's work with radioisotopes as tracers in 1937. This in turn would pave the way for the possibility that similar transfers were a primary means of producing most amino acids via amino transfer.
Another such example of early transferase research and later reclassification involved the discovery of uridyl transferase. In 1953, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was shown to be a transferase, when it was found that it could reversibly produce UTP and G1P from UDP-glucose and an organic pyrophosphate.
Another example of historical significance relating to transferase is the discovery of the mechanism of catecholamine breakdown by catechol-O-methyltransferase. This discovery was a large part of the reason for Julius Axelrod’s 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Sir Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler).
Classification of transferases continues to this day, with new ones being discovered frequently. An example of this is Pipe, a sulfotransferase involved in the dorsal-ventral patterning of Drosophila. Initially, the exact mechanism of Pipe was unknown, due to a lack of information on its substrate. Research into Pipe's catalytic activity eliminated the likelihood of it being a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan. Further research has shown that Pipe targets the ovarian structures for sulfation. Pipe is currently classified as a Drosophila heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase.
Nomenclature
Systematic names of transferases are constructed in the form of "donor:acceptor grouptransferase." For example, methylamine:L-glutamate N-methyltransferase would be the standard naming convention for the transferase methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase, where methylamine is the donor, L-glutamate is the acceptor, and methyltransferase is the EC category grouping. This same action by the transferase can be illustrated as follows:
methylamine + L-glutamate NH3 + N-methyl-L-glutamate
However, other accepted names are more frequently used for transferases, and are often formed as "acceptor grouptransferase" or "donor grouptransferase." For example, a DNA methyltransferase is a transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA acceptor. In practice, many molecules are not referred to using this terminology due to more prevalent common names. For example, RNA polymerase is the modern common name for what was formerly known as RNA nucleotidyltransferase, a kind of nucleotidyl transferase that transfers nucleotides to the 3’ end of a growing RNA strand. In the EC system of classification, the accepted name for RNA polymerase is DNA-directed RNA polymerase.
Classification
Described primarily based on the type of biochemical group transferred, transferases can be divided into ten categories (based on the EC Number classification). These categories comprise over 450 different unique enzymes. In the EC numbering system, transferases have been given a classification of EC2. Hydrogen is not considered a functional group when it comes to transferase targets; instead, hydrogen transfer is included under oxidoreductases, due to electron transfer considerations.
Role
EC 2.1: single carbon transferases
EC 2.1 includes enzymes that transfer single-carbon groups. This category consists of transfers of methyl, hydroxymethyl, formyl, carboxy, carbamoyl, and amido groups. Carbamoyltransferases, as an example, transfer a carbamoyl group from one molecule to another. Carbamoyl groups follow the formula NH2CO. In ATCase such a transfer is written as carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate L-carbamoyl aspartate + phosphate.
EC 2.2: aldehyde and ketone transferases
Enzymes that transfer aldehyde or ketone groups and included in EC 2.2. This category consists of various transketolases and transaldolases. Transaldolase, the namesake of aldehyde transferases, is an important part of the pentose phosphate pathway. The reaction it catalyzes consists of a transfer of a dihydroxyacetone functional group to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (also known as G3P). The reaction is as follows: sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate erythrose 4-phosphate + fructose 6-phosphate.
EC 2.3: acyl transferases
Transfer of acyl groups or acyl groups that become alkyl groups during the process of being transferred are key aspects of EC 2.3. Further, this category also differentiates between amino-acyl and non-amino-acyl groups. Peptidyl transferase is a ribozyme that facilitates formation of peptide bonds during translation. As an aminoacyltransferase, it catalyzes the transfer of a peptide to an aminoacyl-tRNA, following this reaction: peptidyl-tRNAA + aminoacyl-tRNAB tRNAA + peptidyl aminoacyl-tRNAB.
EC 2.4: glycosyl, hexosyl, and pentosyl transferases
EC 2.4 includes enzymes that transfer glycosyl groups, as well as those that transfer hexose and pentose. Glycosyltransferase is a subcategory of EC 2.4 transferases that is involved in biosynthesis of disaccharides and polysaccharides through transfer of monosaccharides to other molecules. An example of a prominent glycosyltransferase is lactose synthase which is a dimer possessing two protein subunits. Its primary action is to produce lactose from glucose and UDP-galactose. This occurs via the following pathway: UDP-β-D-galactose + D-glucose UDP + lactose.
EC 2.5: alkyl and aryl transferases
EC 2.5 relates to enzymes that transfer alkyl or aryl groups, but does not include methyl groups. This is in contrast to functional groups that become alkyl groups when transferred, as those are included in EC 2.3. EC 2.5 currently only possesses one sub-class: Alkyl and aryl transferases. Cysteine synthase, for example, catalyzes the formation of acetic acids and cysteine from O3-acetyl-L-serine and hydrogen sulfide: O3-acetyl-L-serine + H2S L-cysteine + acetate.
EC 2.6: nitrogenous transferases
The grouping consistent with transfer of nitrogenous groups is EC 2.6. This includes enzymes like transaminase (also known as "aminotransferase"), and a very small number of oximinotransferases and other nitrogen group transferring enzymes. EC 2.6 previously included amidinotransferase but it has since been reclassified as a subcategory of EC 2.1 (single-carbon transferring enzymes). In the case of aspartate transaminase, which can act on tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, it reversibly transfers an amino group from one molecule to the other.
The reaction, for example, follows the following order: L-aspartate +2-oxoglutarate oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.
EC 2.7: phosphorus transferases
While EC 2.7 includes enzymes that transfer phosphorus-containing groups, it also includes nuclotidyl transferases as well. Sub-category phosphotransferase is divided up in categories based on the type of group that accepts the transfer. Groups that are classified as phosphate acceptors include: alcohols, carboxy groups, nitrogenous groups, and phosphate groups. Further constituents of this subclass of transferases are various kinases. A prominent kinase is cyclin-dependent kinase (or CDK), which comprises a sub-family of protein kinases. As their name implies, CDKs are heavily dependent on specific cyclin molecules for activation. Once combined, the CDK-cyclin complex is capable of enacting its function within the cell cycle.
The reaction catalyzed by CDK is as follows: ATP + a target protein ADP + a phosphoprotein.
EC 2.8: sulfur transferases
Transfer of sulfur-containing groups is covered by EC 2.8 and is subdivided into the subcategories of sulfurtransferases, sulfotransferases, and CoA-transferases, as well as enzymes that transfer alkylthio groups. A specific group of sulfotransferases are those that use PAPS as a sulfate group donor. Within this group is alcohol sulfotransferase which has a broad targeting capacity. Due to this, alcohol sulfotransferase is also known by several other names including "hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase," "steroid sulfokinase," and "estrogen sulfotransferase." Decreases in its activity has been linked to human liver disease. This transferase acts via the following reaction: 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + an alcohol adenosine 3',5'bisphosphate + an alkyl sulfate.
EC 2.9: selenium transferases
EC 2.9 includes enzymes that transfer selenium-containing groups. This category only contains two transferases, and thus is one of the smallest categories of transferase. Selenocysteine synthase, which was first added to the classification system in 1999, converts seryl-tRNA(Sec UCA) into selenocysteyl-tRNA(Sec UCA).
EC 2.10: metal transferases
The category of EC 2.10 includes enzymes that transfer molybdenum or tungsten-containing groups. However, as of 2011, only one enzyme has been added: molybdopterin molybdotransferase. This enzyme is a component of MoCo biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. The reaction it catalyzes is as follows: adenylyl-molybdopterin + molybdate molybdenum cofactor + AMP.
Role in histo-blood group
The A and B transferases are the foundation of the human ABO blood group system. Both A and B transferases are glycosyltransferases, meaning they transfer a sugar molecule onto an H-antigen. This allows H-antigen to synthesize the glycoprotein and glycolipid conjugates that are known as the A/B antigens. The full name of A transferase is alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and its function in the cell is to add N-acetylgalactosamine to H-antigen, creating A-antigen. The full name of B transferase is alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase, and its function in the cell is to add a galactose molecule to H-antigen, creating B-antigen.
It is possible for Homo sapiens to have any of four different blood types: Type A (express A antigens), Type B (express B antigens), Type AB (express both A and B antigens) and Type O (express neither A nor B antigens). The gene for A and B transferases is located on chromosome 9. The gene contains seven exons and six introns and the gene itself is over 18kb long. The alleles for A and B transferases are extremely similar. The resulting enzymes only differ in 4 amino acid residues. The differing residues are located at positions 176, 235, 266, and 268 in the enzymes.
Deficiencies
.
Transferase deficiencies are at the root of many common illnesses. The most common result of a transferase deficiency is a buildup of a cellular product.
SCOT deficiency
Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency (or SCOT deficiency) leads to a buildup of ketones.
Ketones are created upon the breakdown of fats in the body and are an important energy source. Inability to utilize ketones leads to intermittent ketoacidosis, which usually first manifests during infancy. Disease sufferers experience nausea, vomiting, inability to feed, and breathing difficulties. In extreme cases, ketoacidosis can lead to coma and death. The deficiency is caused by mutation in the gene OXCT1. Treatments mostly rely on controlling the diet of the patient.
CPT-II deficiency
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (also known as CPT-II deficiency) leads to an excess long chain fatty acids, as the body lacks the ability to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria to be processed as a fuel source. The disease is caused by a defect in the gene CPT2. This deficiency will present in patients in one of three ways: lethal neonatal, severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular, and myopathic form. The myopathic is the least severe form of the deficiency and can manifest at any point in the lifespan of the patient. The other two forms appear in infancy. Common symptoms of the lethal neonatal form and the severe infantile forms are liver failure, heart problems, seizures and death. The myopathic form is characterized by muscle pain and weakness following vigorous exercise. Treatment generally includes dietary modifications and carnitine supplements.
Galactosemia
Galactosemia results from an inability to process galactose, a simple sugar. This deficiency occurs when the gene for galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) has any number of mutations, leading to a deficiency in the amount of GALT produced. There are two forms of Galactosemia: classic and Duarte. Duarte galactosemia is generally less severe than classic galactosemia and is caused by a deficiency of galactokinase. Galactosemia renders infants unable to process the sugars in breast milk, which leads to vomiting and anorexia within days of birth. Most symptoms of the disease are caused by a buildup of galactose-1-phosphate in the body. Common symptoms include liver failure, sepsis, failure to grow, and mental impairment, among others. Buildup of a second toxic substance, galactitol, occurs in the lenses of the eyes, causing cataracts. Currently, the only available treatment is early diagnosis followed by adherence to a diet devoid of lactose, and prescription of antibiotics for infections that may develop.
Choline acetyltransferase deficiencies
Choline acetyltransferase (also known as ChAT or CAT) is an important enzyme which produces the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is involved in many neuropsychic functions such as memory, attention, sleep and arousal.
The enzyme is globular in shape and consists of a single amino acid chain. ChAT functions to transfer an acetyl group from acetyl co-enzyme A to choline in the synapses of nerve cells and exists in two forms: soluble and membrane bound. The ChAT gene is located on chromosome 10.
Alzheimer's disease
Decreased expression of ChAT is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Patients with Alzheimer's disease show a 30 to 90% reduction in activity in several regions of the brain, including the temporal lobe, the parietal lobe and the frontal lobe. However, ChAT deficiency is not believed to be the main cause of this disease.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease)
Patients with ALS show a marked decrease in ChAT activity in motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain. Low levels of ChAT activity are an early indication of the disease and are detectable long before motor neurons begin to die. This can even be detected before the patient is symptomatic.
Huntington's disease
Patients with Huntington's also show a marked decrease in ChAT production. Though the specific cause of the reduced production is not clear, it is believed that the death of medium-sized motor neurons with spiny dendrites leads to the lower levels of ChAT production.
Schizophrenia
Patients with Schizophrenia also exhibit decreased levels of ChAT, localized to the mesopontine tegment of the brain and the nucleus accumbens, which is believed to correlate with the decreased cognitive functioning experienced by these patients.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Recent studies have shown that SIDS infants show decreased levels of ChAT in both the hypothalamus and the striatum. SIDS infants also display fewer neurons capable of producing ChAT in the vagus system. These defects in the medulla could lead to an inability to control essential autonomic functions such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS)
CMS is a family of diseases that are characterized by defects in neuromuscular transmission which leads to recurrent bouts of apnea (inability to breathe) that can be fatal. ChAT deficiency is implicated in myasthenia syndromes where the transition problem occurs presynaptically. These syndromes are characterized by the patients’ inability to resynthesize acetylcholine.
Uses in biotechnology
Terminal transferases
Terminal transferases are transferases that can be used to label DNA or to produce plasmid vectors. It accomplishes both of these tasks by adding deoxynucleotides in the form of a template to the downstream end or 3' end of an existing DNA molecule.
Terminal transferase is one of the few DNA polymerases that can function without an RNA primer.
Glutathione transferases
The family of glutathione transferases (GST) is extremely diverse, and therefore can be used for a number of biotechnological purposes. Plants use glutathione transferases as a means to segregate toxic metals from the rest of the cell. These glutathione transferases can be used to create biosensors to detect contaminants such as herbicides and insecticides. Glutathione transferases are also used in transgenic plants to increase resistance to both biotic and abiotic stress. Glutathione transferases are currently being explored as targets for anti-cancer medications due to their role in drug resistance. Further, glutathione transferase genes have been investigated due to their ability to prevent oxidative damage and have shown improved resistance in transgenic cultigens.
Rubber transferases
Currently the only available commercial source of natural rubber is the Hevea plant (Hevea brasiliensis). Natural rubber is superior to synthetic rubber in a number of commercial uses. Efforts are being made to produce transgenic plants capable of synthesizing natural rubber, including tobacco and sunflower. These efforts are focused on sequencing the subunits of the rubber transferase enzyme complex in order to transfect these genes into other plants.
Membrane-associated transferases
Many transferases associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or anchored to membranes through a single transmembrane helix, for example numerous glycosyltransferases in Golgi apparatus. Some others are multi-span transmembrane proteins, for example certain oligosaccharyltransferases or microsomal glutathione S-transferase from MAPEG family.
References |
Clarence Bennett "C.B." Buckman (April 1, 1851 – March 1, 1917) was an American farmer, lumberman, and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives for Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1903 to 1907. He also served in both houses of the Minnesota Legislature prior to his election to Congress.
Early life and pre-political career
Buckman was born in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, on April 1. The year is uncertain, with sources claiming it to be anywhere between 1849 and 1852; 1851 seems to be the most widely accepted year. He moved to Minnesota in 1872 and was involved in agriculture and the lumber industry before being appointed justice of the peace in 1873. When the area he lived on became incorporated in 1874, it was named after him, becoming Buckman, Minnesota. A September 13, 1876 threshing machine accident on his farm caused him to lose his left leg. He would use a wooden leg for the rest of his life and reportedly practiced enough that he walked without a limp. He moved to Little Falls in 1880.
Political career and retirement
Buckman was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives for the 30th district in 1880. He served only one term, as he won the Minnesota Senate seat for the 39th district in 1882. During his term, he served as chairman for the Grain and Warehouse Inspection Committee. His farm in Buckman was destroyed by the 1886 Sauk Rapids tornado. He was reelected to the state Senate in 1886, although during the term his residence was listed as Sauk Rapids. During the first half of his term, he was designated president pro tempore and also served as chairman for the Booms and Logs Special Committee and the Finance Committee. He was not reelected to his state Senate seat in 1890. In 1892, disliking the accommodations of his Little Falls hotel room, Buckman decided he would build his own. He bought a corner lot in the downtown area and designed the building himself, telling the architects to only fill in the blanks. The hotel opened its doors on February 16, 1893, and was considered Little Falls' high-end hotel. The building now serves as a senior living facility and is a contributing building to the Little Falls Commercial Historic District. Buckman returned to politics when he won election to the state Senate for the 48th district in 1898, this time running as an Independent Republican instead of Republican, which he ran as for the other positions he held. He served as chairman of the Internal Improvements Committee for his first term and chair for the Labor Committee in his second. He then won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives for the 6th district in 1902 and won reelection in 1904 before losing renomination to Charles Lindbergh, Sr. in 1906. He was a U.S. deputy marshal from 1907 to 1912.
He died at the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Michigan on March 1, 1917, and is buried in Oakland Cemetery in Little Falls.
References
1851 births
1917 deaths
People from Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota
Republican Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
Republican Party Minnesota state senators
United States Marshals
19th-century American politicians
American amputees
American politicians with disabilities |
Stanley Nwabili is a Nigerian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Nigerian club Lobi Stars and the Nigeria national team.
Personal life
Stanley was born on June 10, 1996.
Career
In 2019, Stanley Nwabili joins Go Round FC, before later secure a move to Enyimba in 2020.
International career
Stanley Nwabili earn his first cap for the Nigerian national team in an international friendly against Mexico in US.
References
External links
Living people
1996 births
Nigerian men's footballers
Nigeria men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers |
Librem is a line of computers manufactured by Purism, SPC featuring free (libre) software. The laptop line is designed to protect privacy and freedom by providing no non-free (proprietary) software in the operating system or kernel, avoiding the Intel Active Management Technology, and gradually freeing and securing firmware. Librem laptops feature hardware kill switches for the microphone, webcam, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
Models
Laptops
Librem 13, Librem 15 and Librem 14
In 2014, Purism launched a crowdfunding campaign on Crowd Supply to fund the creation and production of the Librem 15 laptop, conceived as a modern alternative to existing open-source hardware laptops, all of which used older hardware. The in the name refers to its 15-inch screen size. The campaign succeeded after extending the original campaign, and the laptops were shipped to backers. In a second revision of the laptop, hardware kill switches for the camera, microphone, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth were added.
After the successful launch of the Librem 15, Purism created another campaign on Crowd Supply for a 13-inch laptop called the Librem 13, which also came with hardware kill switches similar to those on the Librem 15v2. The campaign was again successful and the laptops were shipped to customers.
Purism announced in December 2016 that it would start shipping from inventory rather than building to order with the new batches of Librem 15 and 13.
, Purism has one laptop model in production, the Librem 14 (version 1, US$1,370).
Comparison of laptops
Librem Mini
The Librem Mini is a small form factor desktop computer, which began shipping in June 2020.
Librem 5
On August 24, 2017, Purism started a crowdfunding campaign for the Librem 5, a smartphone aimed to run 100% free software, which would "[focus] on security by design and privacy protection by default". Purism claimed that the phone would become "the world's first ever IP-native mobile handset, using end-to-end encrypted decentralized communication." Purism cooperated with KDE and GNOME in its development of Librem 5.
Security features of the Librem 5 include separation of the CPU from the baseband processor, which, according to Linux Magazine, makes the Librem 5 unique in comparison to other mobile phones. The Librem 5 also features hardware kill switches for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication and the phone's camera, microphone, and baseband processor.
The default operating system for the Librem 5 is Purism's PureOS, a Debian derivative. The operating system uses a new user interface called Phosh, based on Wayland, wlroots, GTK and GNOME middleware. It is planned that Phosh/Plasma Mobile, Ubuntu Touch, and postmarketOS can also be installed on the phone.
The release of the Librem 5 has been postponed several times. In September 2018, Purism announced that the launch date of Librem 5 would be moved from January to April 2019, because of two hardware bugs and the holiday season in Europe and North America. The Librem 5's DevKits for software developers were shipped in December 2018. The launch date was later postponed to the third quarter because of the necessity of further CPU tests. and on September 24, 2019, Purism announced that the first batch of Librem 5 phones had started shipping. The finished version of the Librem 5, known as "Evergreen", was finally shipped on November 18, 2020.
Librem Server
The Librem server is a rack mounted server, released to the public in December 2019.
Librem Key
Announced on 20 September 2018, the Librem Key is a hardware USB security token with multiple features, including integration with a tamper-evident Heads BIOS, that ensures a Librem laptop Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) was not maliciously altered since the last laptop launch. Also a one-time password storage with 3x HMAC-based One-time Password algorithm (HOTP) (RFC 4226) and 15 x Time-based One-time Password algorithm (TOTP) (RFC 6238) and an integrated password manager (16 entries), 40 kbit/s true random number generator, and a tamper-resistant smart card. The key supports type A USB 2.0, has dimensions of 48 x 19 x 7 mm, and weights 6 g.
Operating system
Initially planning to preload its Librem laptops with the Trisquel operating system, Purism eventually moved off the Trisquel platform to rebase onto Debian for the 2.0 release of its PureOS Linux operating system. As an alternative to PureOS, Librem laptops are purchasable with Qubes OS preinstalled. In December 2017 the Free Software Foundation added PureOS to its list of endorsed GNU/Linux distributions.
BIOS
In 2015, Purism began research to port the Librem 13 to coreboot but the effort was initially stalled. By the end of the year, a coreboot developer completed an initial port of the Librem 13 and submitted it for review. In December 2016, hardware enablement developer Youness Alaoui joined Purism and was tasked to complete the coreboot port for the original Librem 13 and prepare a port for the second revision of the device. Since summer 2017, new Librem laptops are shipped with coreboot as their standard BIOS, and updates are available for all older models.
Purism calls a collection of below mentioned six components, involved in the boot process, as PureBoot:
Neutralized and Disabled Intel Management Engine.
The coreboot.
A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) chip.
Heads, which tamper-evident features to detect when the BIOS or important boot files have been modified.
Librem Key, Purism's USB security token
Multi-factor authentication that unlocks disk encryption using the Librem Key
PureBoot protects the users from various attacks like theft, BIOS Malware and Kernel Rootkits, vulnerabilities and malicious code in the Intel Management Engine and interdiction.
See also
Linux adoption
System76
Pine64
Coreboot
References
Computer hardware
Computer security companies
GNOME Mobile
Linux-based devices
Open-source hardware
Smartphones |
Alvin Harris Gentry (born November 5, 1954) is an American professional basketball executive for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A former college basketball player, Gentry has led six different NBA teams. He served as an interim head coach for the Miami Heat at the end of the 1994–95 season, and later coached the Detroit Pistons, Los Angeles Clippers, Phoenix Suns, New Orleans Pelicans and Kings. He currently serves as the vice president of basketball engagement for the Kings.
Early and personal life
Gentry was born in Shelby, North Carolina, where he grew up and attended Shelby High School. His first cousin is former NC State and NBA star David Thompson.
Gentry played college basketball at Appalachian State University, where he was a point guard under Press Maravich and Bobby Cremins. In 1978 he spent one year as a graduate assistant at the University of Colorado. After one year working in private business, he returned to the bench when he received his first full-time collegiate assistant coaching job at Baylor University under Jim Haller in 1980. After one year at Baylor, Gentry returned to the University of Colorado as an assistant coach from 1981 to 1986 under Tom Apke. From 1986 to 1989, Gentry served as an assistant at the University of Kansas under Larry Brown, where they won the 1988 NCAA National Championship.
Gentry has been married twice and is the father of two sons and one daughter.
Coaching career
Early career
In 1989, Gentry began his NBA coaching career as an assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs under Larry Brown.
Gentry joined Gregg Popovich, R. C. Buford, and Ed Manning as part of Larry Brown's assistant coaching staff for the Spurs when Brown left Kansas before the 1988–89 NBA season. After two seasons in San Antonio, Gentry left to become an assistant for the Los Angeles Clippers beginning in the 1990–91 season.
Miami Heat and Detroit Pistons
For the 1991 season Gentry joined Kevin Loughery's staff as an assistant coach for the Miami Heat, where he coached for three seasons. He then moved to Detroit following the 1994–95 season where he served as an assistant for two and a half seasons before being named head coach late in the 1997–98 season.
LA Clippers
Gentry returned to San Antonio as head assistant coach following the 1999–2000 season, where he was reunited with former co-assistants Gregg Popovich (the Spurs head coach and vice president of basketball operations) and R .C. Buford (the Spurs' general manager). But that assignment was brief, as Gentry accepted the head coaching position for the Los Angeles Clippers weeks after taking the San Antonio job. He led the Clippers to 31 wins and 39 wins respectively in his first two seasons as their head coach. Those seasons were marked by the solid play of young players, such as Darius Miles, Elton Brand and Lamar Odom. In Gentry's third season, however, the team regressed (despite the addition of Andre Miller), and Gentry was fired in March 2003, following a run of five consecutive defeats. His final record as Clippers head coach stood at 89–133.
Phoenix Suns
Gentry later became an assistant coach for the Phoenix Suns for six years, serving under head coaches Mike D'Antoni and Terry Porter. When Porter was fired in his first season as head coach, Alvin Gentry took over on an interim basis. He was named Suns' head coach for the 2009–10 season. Gentry's record in his first year as head coach during the 2009–2010 season was 54 wins, a career high, against 28 losses. The Suns advanced to the Western Conference finals and lost to the Lakers in six games. He became the fifth head coach to lead the Suns to the Western Conference finals in his first full season. Gentry figured out how to blend the two styles of D'Antoni and Porter. Comparing his coaching to D'Antoni, Gentry said "We are not seven seconds or less. We're 12 seconds or under. We don't take a lot of really quick shots. We don't play with that breakneck pace. We play with a rhythm." Spurs head coach Gregg Popovich remarked "One thing about Phoenix is they are better defensively than in the past. They're much more active, much more committed, they've taken responsibility to a much more significant degree than ever before."
On January 18, 2013, Gentry mutually parted ways with the Phoenix Suns. In July 2013, he returned to the Clippers organization, taking the title of associate head coach, making him Doc Rivers' lead assistant.
Golden State Warriors
After one season with the Clippers, Gentry was hired as associate head coach for the Golden State Warriors, working under new head coach Steve Kerr.
New Orleans Pelicans
On May 30, 2015, Gentry was named the head coach of the New Orleans Pelicans. prior to the start of the 2015 NBA Finals, but was to remain with Golden State until the series was completed. The Warriors won the NBA Championship after they defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in six games to give Gentry his first NBA championship.
On August 15, 2020, after a disappointing performance in the NBA Bubble following the resumption of the 2019–20 season, Gentry was fired as the Pelicans' coach. He was 175–225 in five seasons. Often plagued by injuries, New Orleans used 140 starting lineups in that span, 11 more than the next-closest team in the league. Gentry left the Pelicans with the second-most wins in franchise history behind Byron Scott and was their only coach with a winning post-season record (5–4).
Sacramento Kings
On October 6, 2020, Gentry was named the associate head coach of the Sacramento Kings. On November 21, 2021, Gentry was named the interim head coach of the Kings following the dismissal of Luke Walton. On April 11, 2022, he was fired by the Kings.
Executive career
Following his dismissal as head coach, Gentry was retained by the Sacramento Kings as the vice president of basketball engagement.
Head coaching record
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Miami
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 36||15||21|||| style="text-align:center;"|4th in Atlantic||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 37||16||21|||| style="text-align:center;"|6th in Central||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 50||29||21|||| style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Central||5||2||3||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 58||28||30|||| style="text-align:center;"|(fired)||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Clippers
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||31||51|||| style="text-align:center;"|6th in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Clippers
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||39||43|||| style="text-align:center;"|5th in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Clippers
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 58||19||39|||| style="text-align:center;"|(fired)||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 31||18||13|||| style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||54||28|||| style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Pacific||16||10||6||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conference finals
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||40||42|||| style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 66||33||33|||| style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Phoenix
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 41||13||28|||| style="text-align:center;"|(fired)||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||30||52|||| style="text-align:center;"|5th in Southwest||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||34||48|||| style="text-align:center;"|4th in Southwest||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||48||34|||| style="text-align:center;"|2nd in Southwest||9||5||4||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in Conference semifinals
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 82||33||49|||| style="text-align:center;"|4th in Southwest||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 72||30||42|||| style="text-align:center;"|5th in Southwest||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Sacramento
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 65||24||41|||| style="text-align:center;"|5th in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed playoffs
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career ||1,170||534||636|||| ||30||17||13||||
References
External links
NBA profile
BasketballReference.com: Alvin Gentry
1954 births
Living people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people
African-American basketball coaches
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Appalachian State Mountaineers men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from North Carolina
Basketball players from North Carolina
Baylor Bears men's basketball coaches
Colorado Buffaloes men's basketball coaches
Detroit Pistons assistant coaches
Detroit Pistons head coaches
Golden State Warriors assistant coaches
Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball coaches
Los Angeles Clippers assistant coaches
Los Angeles Clippers head coaches
Miami Heat assistant coaches
Miami Heat head coaches
New Orleans Hornets assistant coaches
New Orleans Pelicans head coaches
Sportspeople from Shelby, North Carolina
Phoenix Suns assistant coaches
Phoenix Suns head coaches
Point guards
Sacramento Kings assistant coaches
Sacramento Kings head coaches
San Antonio Spurs assistant coaches |
Jean-Paul Etienne Bourelly (born November 23, 1960) is an American guitarist whose music crosses the boundaries of jazz fusion and rock.
Bourelly was born in Chicago, Illinois, to parents from Haiti. His grandmother taught him Yoruba music. When he was ten years old, he sang at the Lyric Opera. He took lessons on piano and drums. He played acoustic guitar, but after hearing Jimi Hendrix on the radio, he bought an electric guitar with money he had saved from working at his uncle's gas station. During the same year, a late-night radio show introduced him to the music of Charlie Parker, which impressed him.
In 1979, he moved to New York City. During the 1980s, he worked with Muhal Richard Abrams, Olu Dara, Roy Haynes, Elvin Jones, Pharoah Sanders, McCoy Tyner, Steve Coleman, Marc Ribot, Elliott Sharp, Archie Shepp, and David Torn. He produced albums for Cassandra Wilson. He got a small role in the film The Cotton Club directed by Francis Ford Coppola. Near the end of the decade, he played on Amandla, one of Miles Davis's last albums. In 1987, he released his first solo album, Jungle Cowboy, and through 1995 he led the BluWave Bandits.
Bourelly said that when he moved to Europe in the 1990s, his music became difficult to classify, and that it combines his Haitian heritage, African rhythms, blues, and rock. He founded the record label JPGotMangos and led several groups during the 2000s, including 3kings, Citizen X, and Blues Bandits.
His daughter, Bibi Bourelly, is a singer and songwriter.
Discography
As leader
Jungle Cowboy (JMT, 1987)
Trippin (Enemy, 1992)
Saints & Sinners (DIW, 1993)
Blackadelic-Blu (DIW, 1994)
Tribute to Jimi (DIW, 1995)
Live! Fade to Cacophony (DIW, 1995)
Rock the Cathartic Spirits (DIW, 1996)
Mag Five with Harry Sokal, Lonnie Plaxico, Ronnie Burrage (PAO, 1998)
Vibe Music (PAO, 1999)
Boom Bop (PAO, 2000)
Trance Atlantic (Boom Bop II) (Double Moon, 2001)
News from a Darked Out Room (Phonector, 2006)
CutMotion (JPGotMangos, 2007)
Kiss the Sky with Daryl Taylor, Kenny Martin (JPGotMangos, 2018)
As sideman
With Cassandra Wilson
Point of View (JMT, 1986)
Days Aweigh (JMT, 1987)
She Who Weeps (JMT, 1991)
Dance to the Drums Again (Columbia, 1992)
Songbook (JMT, 1995)
With others
George Adams, Old Feeling (Blue Note, 1991)
Muhal Richard Abrams, Blues Forever (Black Saint, 1982)
Muhal Richard Abrams, Rejoicing with the Light (Black Saint, 1983)
Ayibobo, Freestyle (DIW, 1993)
Ayibobo, Stone Voudou (DIW, 2003)
Bell Biv DeVoe, Poison (MCA, 1990)
Charles & Eddie, Duophonic (Capitol, 1992)
D-Nice, To Tha Rescue (Jive, 1991)
Miles Davis, Amandla (Warner Bros., 1989)
Defunkt, A Blues Tribute Jimi Hendrix & Muddy Waters (Enemy, 1994)
Pee Wee Ellis, Blues Mission (Gramavision, 1993)
Craig Harris, Blackout in the Square Root of Soul (JMT, 1988)
Graham Haynes, Transition (Antilles, 1995)
Vincent Henry, Vincent (Jive, 1990)
Hi-Five, Keep It Goin' On (Jive, 1992)
DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, Ring My Bell (Jive, 1991)
Elvin Jones & McCoy Tyner Love & Peace (Trio, 1982)
Butch Morris, Dust to Dust (New World, 1991)
Butch Morris, Possible Universe (Nu Bop, 2014)
Marvin Peterson, Visions of a New World (Atlantic, 1989)
Jeff Redd, A Quiet Storm (Uptown/MCA, 1990)
Sonya Robinson, Sonya (Columbia, 1987)
Roz, A-Yo Ah'Ite (ZYX Music, 1994)
Omar Sosa, Tales from the Earth (Ota, 2009)
Stone Raiders, Truth to Power (Yellowbird, 2012)
Jamaaladeen Tacuma, Brotherzone (P-Vine, 1999)
Jamaaladeen Tacuma, Revolutionary Royalty (Jam-All, 2014)
References
External links
Official site
1960 births
Living people
African-American jazz guitarists
American male guitarists
American jazz guitarists
American rock guitarists
American people of Haitian descent
Blues rock musicians
MNRK Music Group artists
Guitarists from Chicago
20th-century American guitarists
Jazz musicians from Illinois
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
DIW Records artists
Enemy Records artists
Black Saint/Soul Note artists
JMT Records artists
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American people |
John Charles Misko (born October 1, 1954) is an American football player who played in the National Football League for the Detroit Lions and Los Angeles Rams.
References
1954 births
Living people
People from Highland Park, Michigan
Players of American football from Wayne County, Michigan
American football punters
Los Angeles Rams players
Detroit Lions players
Oregon State Beavers football players
National Football League replacement players
Porterville High School alumni
Players of American football from Tulare County, California |
T. K. Seung was a Korean American philosopher and literary critic. His academic interests cut across diverse philosophical and literary subjects, including ethics, political philosophy, Continental philosophy, cultural hermeneutics, and literary criticism.
He was a professor of Philosophy, Government, and Law at The University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts.
Background
Seung was born on September 20, 1930, the eldest of three children, near the city of Chongju in North Pyongan Province. He attended Chongju Middle School, where he was exposed to Western-style education. In 1947, he escaped from North Korea, crossing the 38th parallel with a few friends. He settled in Seoul, South Korea, where he studied at Seoul High School for three years. He attended Yonsei University for only one month before the Korean War broke out in June 1950, subsequently fleeing south to Busan ahead of the advancing North Korean army.
After the end of the Korean War, on the personal recommendation of President Syngman Rhee, Seung enrolled at Yale University on a full scholarship under the sponsorship of the American-Korean Foundation and resumed his undergraduate studies in 1954. As resident of Timothy Dwight College and a student in the Directed Studies program, he discovered the history of Western culture. He was introduced to the latest schools of thought such as existentialism, New Criticism, and other intellectual movements. At Yale he was mentored by a number of famous professors, including Thomas G. Bergin, Cleanth Brooks, Brand Blanshard, and F.S.C. Northrop. He graduated summa cum laude in 1958 with a bachelor's degree in philosophy and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He entered Yale Law School, but quit after one academic year, deciding instead to pursue doctoral studies in philosophy. While still a graduate student he wrote and published his first book, The Fragile Leaves of the Sibyl: Dante's Master Plan, which proposed a new, "trinitarian" interpretation of the Divine Comedy. His Ph.D. thesis was later published as a book, Kant's Transcendental Logic.
In 1965, he received his Ph.D. and also married Kwihwan Hahn, a graduate of Juilliard in piano performance. They have three children. His son, Sebastian Seung, is Professor at the Princeton University Neuroscience Institute and Department of Computer Science. His second son, KJ Seung, is Professor at the Harvard Medical School and the medical director at the Eugene Bell Foundation. His daughter, Florence Seung, is a psychiatrist. After teaching for a year at Fordham University, Seung joined the philosophy department of the University of Texas at Austin in 1966, where he was the Jesse H. Jones Professor in Liberal Arts, Professor of Philosophy, Government, and Law. In 1988, he was awarded the highest honor of Yale's graduate school alumni association—the Wilbur Cross Medal. Other winners have included John Silber, Richard Rorty, Robert Putnam, Robert Dahl, Bartlett Giamatti, and Stanley Fish.
In his career at the University of Texas at Austin, Seung published ten monographs, including books on Dante, Kant, Structuralism, Hermeneutics, Rawls, Plato, Nietzsche, Wagner, and Goethe. In the course of writing these books, he developed a methodology he called "cultural thematics," which he described "a cultural tradition" in which can be found "a constant interplay of existential themes or motifs, in analogy to a dramatic production or a musical composition." Seung emphasizes that "human existence is always inextricably culture-bound." Contrary to Heidegger, he insists, "my approach in cultural thematics openly stands on the historicist premise that every culture is the embodiment of an existential structure unique to itself" (Cultural Thematics, pp. x-xi). He would use this approach not only to interpret philosophical traditions of particular ages, such as the late Medieval Dante and Boccaccio, and later the Spinozistic German epics of the 19th century, but also to traditions that sometimes spanned centuries, such as the periodic recurrence of Platonic ideas in Kant and Rawls.
Seung taught broadly at the University of Texas, including for many years in its Plan II program. He was also a dissertation supervisor for David Lay Williams and Michael Locke McLendon.
Kant research
Seung was the author of three books about the German philosopher Immanuel Kant written over four decades. Seung's first book on Kant is titled Kant's Transcendental Logic (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969) addresses issues raised in Kant's First Critique. His second book about Kant is Kant's Platonic Revolution in Moral and Political Philosophy (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994) in which Seung criticizes Kant on the lack of consistency between the First Critique and the Second Critique by Kant due to ambiguities between Kant's ontological constructivism and his eidetic constructivism. Seung's last book on Kant is a primer about studying Kant for students titled: Kant: A Guide for the Perplexed (London: Continuum, 2007).
Selected works
Books
The Fragile Leaves of the Sibyl: Dante's Master Plan (Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1962).
Kant's Transcendental Logic (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969).
Cultural Thematics: The Formation of the Faustian Ethos (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976).
Semiotics and Thematics in Hermeneutics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982).
Structuralism and Hermeneutics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982).
Intuition and Construction: The Foundation of Normative Theory (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993).
Kant's Platonic Revolution in Moral and Political Philosophy (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).
Plato Rediscovered: Human Value and Social Order (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1996).
Nietzsche's Epic of the Soul: Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2005).
Goethe, Nietzsche, and Wagner: Their Spinozan Epics of Love and Power (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2006).
Kant: A Guide for the Perplexed (London: Continuum, 2007).
The Cultural Background of Western Philosophy (Seoul: Korean Academic Research Council, 2007).
Articles
"Plural Values and Indeterminate Rankings," with Daniel Bonevac, in Ethics 799 (1992)
"Virtues and Values: A Platonic Account," in Social Theory and Practice 207 (1991)
"Kant's Conception of the Categories," in Review of Metaphysics 107 (1989)
"Conflict in Practical Reasoning," with Daniel Bonevac, Philosophical Studies 315: 53 (1988)
"Literary Function and Historical Context," in Philosophy and Literature 33: 4 (1980)
"Thematic Dialectic: A Revision of Hegelian Dialectic," in International Philosophical Quarterly 417: 20 (1980)
"The Epic Character of the Divina Commedia and the Function of Dante's Three Guides," in Italica 352: 56 (1979)
"Semantic Context and Textual Meaning," in Journal of Literary Semantics, 8:2 (1979)
Contributions
"Defeasible Reasoning and Moral Dilemmas," with Rob Koons, in Defeasible Deontic Logic, edited by Donald Nute (Springer, 1997)
"The Metaphysics of the Commedia," in The Divine Comedy and the Encyclopedia of Arts and Sciences, edited by G. Di Scipio and A. Scaglione (Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 1988)
"Kant," in The Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Mircea Eliade (New York: Free Press, 1987)
"The Philosophical Tradition in Korea," in Tae Kwon Do Free Fighting, edited by Gaeshik Kim (Seoul: Nanam Publications, 1985)
"Bonaventura's Figural Exemplarism in Dante," in Italian Literature: Roots and Branches: Essays in honor of Thomas G. Bergin, edited by G. Rimanelli and K. Atchity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976)
Notes
References
Further reading
Balkin, J. M.: "Transcendental Deconstruction, Transcendent Justice," Michigan Law Review, Vol. 92 (1994): 1131-86.
Balkin, J. M.: "Being Just with Deconstruction", Social and Legal Studies, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1994): 393-404.
Balkin, J. M.: Cultural Software: A Theory of Ideology (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).
Hede, Jesper: Reading Dante: The Pursuit of Meaning (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007).
Hede, Jesper: "Ranking Types of Reading: Descriptive and Epic Readings in Dante Studies," in Dante: A Critical Reappraisal (Nordic Dante Studies III), edited by Unn Falkeid (Oslo: Unipub, 2008).
Williams, David Lay: Rousseau’s Platonic Enlightenment (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2007).
External links
Retirement Announcement and Tribute Page
T.K. Seung's Homepage
Robert Gooding-Williams's review of Seung's Nietzsche's Epic of the Soul: Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Perry Myers review of Seung's Kant: A Guide for the Perplexed
Google books page for Hede study of Seung's Dante
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Platonists
1930 births
Living people
People from North Pyongan Province
Korean writers
Korean philosophers
American academics of Korean descent
American philosophy academics
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Hermeneutists |
```ruby
class Kwok < Formula
desc "Kubernetes WithOut Kubelet - Simulates thousands of Nodes and Clusters"
homepage "path_to_url"
url "path_to_url"
sha256 your_sha256_hash
license "Apache-2.0"
bottle do
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, arm64_monterey: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, sonoma: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, ventura: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, monterey: your_sha256_hash
sha256 cellar: :any_skip_relocation, x86_64_linux: your_sha256_hash
end
depends_on "go" => :build
depends_on "docker" => :test
def install
system "make", "build", "VERSION=v#{version}"
arch = Hardware::CPU.arm? ? "arm64" : "amd64"
bin.install "bin/#{OS.kernel_name.downcase}/#{arch}/kwok"
bin.install "bin/#{OS.kernel_name.downcase}/#{arch}/kwokctl"
generate_completions_from_executable("#{bin}/kwokctl", "completion")
end
test do
ENV["DOCKER_HOST"] = "unix://#{testpath}/invalid.sock"
assert_match version.to_s, shell_output("#{bin}/kwok --version")
assert_match version.to_s, shell_output("#{bin}/kwokctl --version")
create_cluster_cmd = "#{bin}/kwokctl --name=brew-test create cluster 2>&1"
output = shell_output(create_cluster_cmd)
assert_match "Cluster is creating", output
end
end
``` |
```javascript
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
// disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
// with the distribution.
// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
// from this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
// Flags: --allow-natives-syntax
function f0() {
return this;
}
function f1(a) {
return a;
}
assertSame(this, f0.apply(), "1-0");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(this), "2a");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(this, new Array(1)), "2b");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(this, new Array(2)), "2c");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(this, new Array(4242)), "2d");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(null), "3a");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(null, new Array(1)), "3b");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(null, new Array(2)), "3c");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(this, new Array(4242)), "3d");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(void 0), "4a");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(void 0, new Array(1)), "4b");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(void 0, new Array(2)), "4c");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(), "1-1");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(this), "5a");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(this, new Array(1)), "5b");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(this, new Array(2)), "5c");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(this, new Array(4242)), "5d");
assertEquals(42, f1.apply(this, new Array(42, 43)), "5e");
assertEquals("foo", f1.apply(this, new Array("foo", "bar", "baz", "bo")), "5f");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(null), "6a");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(null, new Array(1)), "6b");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(null, new Array(2)), "6c");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(null, new Array(4242)), "6d");
assertEquals(42, f1.apply(null, new Array(42, 43)), "6e");
assertEquals("foo", f1.apply(null, new Array("foo", "bar", "baz", "bo")), "6f");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(void 0), "7a");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(void 0, new Array(1)), "7b");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(void 0, new Array(2)), "7c");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(void 0, new Array(4242)), "7d");
assertEquals(42, f1.apply(void 0, new Array(42, 43)), "7e");
assertEquals("foo", f1.apply(void 0, new Array("foo", "bar", "ba", "b")), "7f");
var arr = new Array(42, "foo", "fish", "horse");
function j(a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l) {
return "" + a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l;
}
var expect = "42foofishhorse";
for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++)
expect += "undefined";
assertEquals(expect, j.apply(undefined, arr), "apply to undefined");
assertThrows("f0.apply(this, 1);");
assertThrows("f0.apply(this, 1, 2);");
assertThrows("f0.apply(this, 1, new Array(2));");
function f() {
var doo = "";
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
doo += arguments[i];
}
return doo;
}
assertEquals("42foofishhorse", f.apply(this, arr), "apply to this");
function s() {
var doo = this;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
doo += arguments[i];
}
return doo;
}
assertEquals("bar42foofishhorse", s.apply("bar", arr), "apply to string");
function al() {
assertEquals(Object(345), this);
return arguments.length + arguments[arguments.length - 1];
}
for (var j = 1; j < 0x400000; j <<= 1) {
try {
var a = %NormalizeElements([]);
a.length = j;
a[j - 1] = 42;
assertEquals(42 + j, al.apply(345, a));
} catch (e) {
assertTrue(e.toString().indexOf("Maximum call stack size exceeded") != -1);
for (; j < 0x400000; j <<= 1) {
var caught = false;
try {
a = %NormalizeElements([]);
a.length = j;
a[j - 1] = 42;
al.apply(345, a);
assertUnreachable("Apply of array with length " + a.length +
" should have thrown");
} catch (e) {
assertTrue(e.toString().indexOf("Maximum call stack size exceeded") != -1);
caught = true;
}
assertTrue(caught, "exception not caught");
}
break;
}
}
// Check packed double arrays
var arr = [0.0];
for (var i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
arr.push(i * 0.1);
}
assertEquals(0.0, Math.min.apply(Math, arr));
assertEquals(0.30000000000000004, Math.max.apply(Math, arr));
// Check holey double arrays
var arr = Array(4);
for (var i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
arr[i] = i * 0.1;
}
assertEquals(0.0, Math.min.apply(Math, arr));
assertEquals(0.30000000000000004, Math.max.apply(Math, arr));
// Check that holes are set properly
arr[5] = 0.5;
assertEquals(NaN, Math.min.apply(Math, arr));
assertEquals(NaN, Math.max.apply(Math, arr));
var primes = new Array(0);
function isPrime(possible_prime) {
for (var d = 0; d < primes.length; d++) {
var p = primes[d];
if (possible_prime % p == 0)
return false;
if (p * p > possible_prime)
return true;
}
return true;
}
for (var i = 2; i < 10000; i++) {
if (isPrime(i)) {
primes.push(i);
}
}
assertEquals(1229, primes.length);
var same_primes = Array.prototype.constructor.apply(Array, primes);
for (var i = 0; i < primes.length; i++)
assertEquals(primes[i], same_primes[i], "prime" + primes[i]);
assertEquals(primes.length, same_primes.length, "prime-length");
Array.prototype["1"] = "sep";
var holey = new Array(3);
holey[0] = "mor";
holey[2] = "er";
assertEquals("morseper", String.prototype.concat.apply("", holey),
"moreseper0");
assertEquals("morseper", String.prototype.concat.apply("", holey, 1),
"moreseper1");
assertEquals("morseper", String.prototype.concat.apply("", holey, 1, 2),
"moreseper2");
assertEquals("morseper", String.prototype.concat.apply("", holey, 1, 2, 3),
"morseper3");
assertEquals("morseper", String.prototype.concat.apply("", holey, 1, 2, 3, 4),
"morseper4");
primes[0] = "";
primes[1] = holey;
assertThrows("String.prototype.concat.apply.apply('foo', primes)");
assertEquals("morseper",
String.prototype.concat.apply.apply(String.prototype.concat, primes),
"moreseper-prime");
delete(Array.prototype["1"]);
// Check correct handling of non-array argument lists.
assertSame(this, f0.apply(this, {}), "non-array-1");
assertSame(this, f0.apply(this, { length:1 }), "non-array-2");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(this, { length:1 }), "non-array-3");
assertEquals(void 0, f1.apply(this, { 0:"foo" }), "non-array-4");
assertEquals("foo", f1.apply(this, { length:1, 0:"foo" }), "non-array-5");
``` |
Hume Blake Cronyn (August 28, 1864June 19, 1933) was a Canadian politician and lawyer.
Biography
Born in London, Canada West, the son of Verschoyle Cronyn (who was the son of Benjamin Cronyn) and Sophia Eliza Blake (who was the daughter of William Hume Blake), Cronyn was educated at Dr. Tassie's grammar school in Galt, Ontario and at the University of Toronto where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Law degree in 1889. He was called to the Ontario bar in 1889 and practised law in London. In 1907 he was appointed general manager of The Huron and Erie Mortgage Corporation. He was also a General Manager of the Canada Trust Company and a Director of the Mutual Life Assurance Company of Canada.
While at the University of Toronto he enlisted in The Queen's Own Rifles of Canada and served during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 and fought in the Battle of Cut Knife. Afterwards he joined the 7th Fusiliers, and served as Major from 1899 to 1907.
He was elected to the House of Commons as a Unionist in the riding of London in the 1917 election.
An Anglican, he married Frances Amelia Labatt, second daughter of John Labatt, in 1892. He had three sons and two daughters, including Hume Cronyn the actor.
Asteroid (12050) Humecronyn is named in his honour.
The Hume Cronyn Memorial Observatory at The University of Western Ontario was built in his memory by his widow Frances Amelia Cronyn (née Labatt).
References
External links
Hume Cronyn - Dictionary of Canadian Biography
1864 births
1933 deaths
Queen's Own Rifles of Canada soldiers
Canadian Militia officers
Canadian people of Anglo-Irish descent
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Lawyers in Ontario
Politicians from London, Ontario
University of Toronto alumni
Unionist Party (Canada) MPs |
Sugarloaf (also spelled Sugar Loaf) is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) located in and governed by Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The CDP is a part of the Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of the Sugarloaf CDP was 274 at the United States Census 2020. The Boulder post office (Zip Code 80302) serves the area.
History
Sugarloaf, sometimes spelled Sugar Loaf, Boulder County, was referred to in Colorado historical records dating back to 1868. It seems the early name came from a mining claim referred to as "Sugar Loaf, near Yellow Pine."
Sugar Loaf seems also to have been a term for a mining district, of multiple mining claims.
In 1989, a destructive wildfire swept up and across much of Sugarloaf burning , destroying 44 houses and other structures, and causing approximately in damages.
The Black Tiger Fire"was the worst wildland fire loss in Colorado history" at the time. It was a human-caused fire that started 9 July 1989 in a scenic mountain area at the base of Black Tiger Gulch and swept up to the summit of Sugarloaf Mountain through residential areas that were "nestled among the trees. Within the first five to six hours after ignition, 44 homes and other structures were destroyed and many others were damaged." Some fire fighters of the Sugarloaf Volunteer Fire Department had their own homes destroyed during the fire. Although there were a number of minor injuries, there were no fatalities from the fire.
Geography
Sugarloaf is located in south-central Boulder County, approximately halfway between Boulder and Nederland. It is bordered by the Mountain Meadows CDP to the northeast, and North Boulder Creek forms part of the southern edge of the community. Sugarloaf Road is the main route through the CDP.
The Sugarloaf CDP has an area of , all land.
Demographics
The United States Census Bureau initially defined the for the
Town organizations and events
Sugarloaf has a volunteer fire department—as of 2019, the department typically runs 30 to 45 members—which is a part of the Sugar Loaf Fire Protection District (SLFPD) covering approximately of territory, 500 homes, with land between elevation in mountainous terrain. The VFD was initially formed in 1967, and in 2019, serves approximately 1400 persons.
See also
Outline of Colorado
Index of Colorado-related articles
State of Colorado
Colorado cities and towns
Colorado census designated places
Colorado counties
Boulder County, Colorado
Colorado metropolitan areas
Front Range Urban Corridor
North Central Colorado Urban Area
Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO Combined Statistical Area
Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area
References
External links
Sugar Loaf Fire Protection District
Sugarloaf Mining District
Boulder County website
Census-designated places in Boulder County, Colorado
Census-designated places in Colorado
Denver metropolitan area |
The Marijuana Party () is a Canadian federal political party, whose agenda focuses on issues related to cannabis in Canada. Apart from this one issue, the party has no other official policies, meaning party candidates are free to express any views on all other political issues. Passage of the Cannabis Act in June 2018 legalized cannabis on 17 October 2018. However, the party is critical of some of the laws relating to cannabis since legalization and wants to see them changed or reformed. It also seeks to represent and advocate for the rights of cannabis consumers, growers, and small cannabis based businesses.
Candidates appear on election ballots under the short form "Radical Marijuana" and their status is similar to that of independent candidates. Although governed by the Canada Elections Act, the Marijuana Party is a "decentralized" party, without by-laws, charter or constitution that govern its operations. Its Electoral District Associations are autonomous units of the party as a whole.
History
The party was founded by Marc-Boris St-Maurice in February 2000. In the November 2000 federal election, the party nominated candidates in 73 ridings in seven provinces and won 66,419 votes (0.52% of national popular vote).
In January and May 2004, changes were made to Canada's electoral laws which significantly reduced the fundraising abilities of the Marijuana Party; specifically, the elections law was amended so that most of the Marijuana Party's political contribution tax credit scheme was criminalized. The result of those changes was a very significant drop in the party's funding by 95%. As of 2004, parties with more than two per cent of the national vote were eligible to receive $2 per year per individual vote, as well as have the majority of their election expenses refunded. Small parties unable to secure two per cent of the vote do not qualify for any subsidy from votes or for election expenses. In the June 2004 federal election, the party nominated 71 candidates, but won only 33,590 votes (0.25% of the national popular vote).
On February 28, 2005, founder St-Maurice announced his intention to join the Liberal Party in order to work for liberalized marijuana laws from within the governing party. Many former Marijuana Party members have joined one of the mainstream political parties (NDP, Liberal, Conservative, or Green) in order to push for reform from within. In 2005, Elections Canada recognized Blair T. Longley as the new party leader following St-Maurice's resignation.
In the January 2006 federal election, the party ran candidates in 23 ridings and received 9,275 votes (0.06% of the national popular vote). In the Nunavut riding, however, the party's candidate won 7.88% of all ballots cast and finished in fourth place, ahead of the Greens.
Criticisms of Canada's legalisation (2018–present)
In June 2018, the party's leader, Blair Longley, addressed concerns about Canada's cannabis legalisation plans, referring to it as ‘prohibition 2.0’. Referring to Canada’s legalisation plans he said “There’s this slight bit of progress, but when you look at the bigger picture, it’s nothing close to what we would want.” He said that “Legalisation is great if you’re rich and old and have your own house and can afford to buy expensive marijuana. But if you’re still young and poor and don’t own your own house, it’s worse than it was before.” In relation to this Longley brought up some of the varying restrictions across the country, such as landlords in Nova Scotia being granted permission to ban cannabis use and cultivation on their properties and Calgary’s city council passing a bylaw prohibiting pot consumption in public. Another issue he brought up concerned people's limit to only being able to grow up to four marijuana plants per household, while people can brew as much beer and wine as they want and grow up to of tobacco.
Other concerns about Canada's marijuana legalisation include, tough penalties for those who break drug laws, such as prison sentences of up to 14 years for providing marijuana to a minor or selling it without a license. There are also concerns about restricting sales to government-run monopolies, which favours large producers and makes it very difficult for small businesses in the market. Critics have concerns about the stake of producers and private companies, such as owning patents to names and genetic strains. Longely has been referred to as "skeptical about the quality of the bud commercial producers are putting to market" and has said that there is an opportunity for the black market to offer better quality marijuana at lower prices.
Since the announcement of Canada's legalisation plans Longley said the party is being run on a "broken shoestring budget" and is getting "more and more broken and shorter and shorter all the time" and questioned whether the party would be able to remain registered. The party needs 250 members' signatures so it can be registered with Elections Canada.
Election results
Leaders
Marc-Boris St-Maurice (2000–2004)
Blair Longley (2004–present)
Provincial parties
In addition to the Bloc Pot party in Quebec, the Marijuana Party has several separate provincial counterparts, most notably, the British Columbia Marijuana Party which received over 3% of the vote in the 2001 provincial election, and the Marijuana Party of Nova Scotia. The Bloc Pot and the federal Marijuana Party work together; however, the BC Marijuana Party and the federal Marijuana Party do not work together as the BC Party Marijuana decided to direct their activism into mainstream political parties.
See also
Cannabis in Canada
Drug policy reform
Legal issues of cannabis
Marijuana Party candidates in the 2000 Canadian federal election
Marijuana Party candidates in the 2004 Canadian federal election
Marijuana Party candidates in the 2006 Canadian federal election
Marijuana Party candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election
Marijuana Party candidates in the 2011 Canadian federal election
Marijuana parties
References
External links
Marijuana Party - Canadian Political Parties and Political Interest Groups - Web Archive created by the University of Toronto Libraries
2000 in cannabis
Cannabis political parties of Canada
Federal political parties in Canada
Political parties established in 2000
Single-issue political parties in Canada |
Charles Furman Gooch (June 5, 1902 – May 30, 1982) was a professional baseball player. He was a first baseman and third baseman for one season (1929) with the Washington Senators. For his career, he compiled a .281 batting average in 57 at-bats, with five runs batted in.
He was born in Smyrna, Tennessee and died in Lanham, Maryland at the age of 79.
External links
1902 births
1982 deaths
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from Tennessee
Augusta Tygers players
Springfield Midgets players
Salt Lake City Bees players
Hollywood Stars players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Birmingham Barons players
San Antonio Indians players
Reading Keystones players
Albany Senators players
Knoxville Smokies players
People from Smyrna, Tennessee
Sportspeople from the Nashville metropolitan area |
Jeremy Cool Habash (Hebrew: ג'רמי קול חבש) is an Ethiopian Israeli rapper. Habash raps in both Hebrew and Amharic about his Ethiopian Jewish heritage and the struggles that face many Ethiopian Jews in Israel.
Habash’s lyrics do not touch upon topics of mainstream rap and instead center on his passion for Judaism, the lives of the youth in Israel, and the difficulties of living as an Ethiopian Jew in Israel. He describes the attraction of Ethiopian youth to hip hop: “Ethiopian youth are attracted to hip-hop as the new expression of our identity.” He explains that Ethiopian-Israeli youth seek to advance themselves through music much like the way African Americans have Habash has taught many immigrant children throughout Israel about hip hop and how to create a song with the hope of empowering them with the ability to uphold their cultural heritage. Habash dreams one day of creating a recording studio for the Ethiopian-Israeli youth.
References
Israeli rappers
Jewish rappers
Israeli Jews
Ethiopian Jews
Israeli people of Ethiopian-Jewish descent
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Clethrorasa is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae.
Species
Clethrorasa micropuncta (Holloway, 1989) — from Borneo and Sumatra.
Clethrorasa pilcheri (Hampson, 1896) — from North East Himalaya, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.
Characteristics
All species of this small genus of oriental noctuid moths are characterized by striking pale cream forewings with a black discal mark and single or paired black marks round the margin. The thorax is similarly marked. The hindwings and abdomen are gray, marginally or apically colored cream of the forewings' ground.
References
Clethrorasa at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae
Moths of Borneo |
Coleophora gibberosa is a moth of the family Coleophoridae. It is found on the Canary Islands (Fuerteventura) and in Algeria.
References
gibberosa
Moths described in 2003
Moths of Africa |
Attorney General Baker may refer to:
Blake Baker, Attorney General of North Carolina
John Baker (died 1558) (1488–1558), Attorney General for England and Wales
Orville D. Baker (1847–1908), Attorney General of Maine
Richard Chaffey Baker (1842–1911), Attorney-General of South Australia
Thurbert Baker (born 1952), Attorney General of Georgia |
Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective is a 1963 book about sociology by the sociologist Peter L. Berger, in which the author sets out the intellectual parameters and calling of the discipline of sociology.
Background
Berger was a student of social scientist Alfred Schütz, and was influenced by Schütz's approach to sociology.
Summary
The book sets out to introduce the field of sociology to interested parties, especially potential students, and to highlight key concepts and themes in sociology.
It clarifies both what sociology is, and also what sociology is not (for example - by clearing up confusion with related terms such as social work).
Philosophical and historical reflections recur throughout this short book. For example, Berger addresses the complementary approaches to the study of society developed by Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. Also, which types of questions sociologists may seek to answer (such as the social consequences of religious belief) and those which they cannot address through sociology proper (for example, philosophical questions on the existence of God).
Berger emphasizes that sociology is a broad academic discipline; it is both a body of knowledge and a way of viewing the world, rather than being merely a prescriptive methodology for achieving certain social goals.
As his central theme, Berger advocates that sociology should emphasize its humanistic aspects, rather than adopting the image of positivistic scientism favored by the natural sciences. For example, Berger espouses a focus on historical processes and on the role of persons, their biographies, their concrete social situations, and the moral exercise of their agency, instead of an overly narrow focus on statistical analysis of data in an impersonal fashion.
The content is wide-ranging and engaging for beginners; among other topics, Berger alludes to Machiavellianism, Marxism, psychoanalysis, existentialism, the caste system and race, and Black pride, stating of the latter in 1963, that it is "building up a counter-formation of a black racism that is but a shadow of its white prototype."
The author also ends the book with an appeal to sociologists and students to exercise their moral awareness and a sense of responsibility to use sociology to advance humane causes, human freedom and human dignity.
Influence and reception
Many of the themes presented in Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective were later developed in Berger's 1966 book The Social Construction of Reality, coauthored with Thomas Luckmann. The philosopher Helmut R. Wagner called Invitation to Sociology a "very readable discussion of the field of sociology".
References
1963 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Books by Peter L. Berger
Doubleday (publisher) books
English-language books
Sociology books |
Aphytoceros subflavalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles Swinhoe in 1917. It is found on New Guinea.
The wings are uniform pale yellow with pale chocolate-brown markings.
References
Moths described in 1917
Spilomelinae
Moths of New Guinea |
```smalltalk
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using Foundation;
using ObjCRuntime;
#if MONOMAC
using AppKit;
#else
using UIKit;
#endif
using NUnit.Framework;
using Xamarin.Utils;
namespace MonoTouchFixtures.Foundation {
[TestFixture]
[Preserve (AllMembers = true)]
public class FormatterTests {
NSDateComponentsFormatter dateComponentsFormatter;
NSEnergyFormatter energyFormatter;
void RequiresIos8 ()
{
TestRuntime.AssertXcodeVersion (6, 0);
TestRuntime.AssertSystemVersion (ApplePlatform.MacOSX, 10, 10, throwIfOtherPlatform: false);
if (dateComponentsFormatter is null)
dateComponentsFormatter = new NSDateComponentsFormatter ();
if (energyFormatter is null)
energyFormatter = new NSEnergyFormatter ();
}
static void TestFormattedString (string formattedString, string testName)
{
Assert.IsNotNull (formattedString, testName);
Assert.IsTrue (formattedString.Length > 0, testName + " length");
}
public NSDateComponents NowComponents {
get {
return NSCalendar.CurrentCalendar.Components (NSCalendarUnit.Era | NSCalendarUnit.Day | NSCalendarUnit.Month | NSCalendarUnit.Year | NSCalendarUnit.WeekOfMonth, NSDate.Now);
}
}
#region NSDateComponentsFormatter
[Test]
public void DateTestProperties ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
dateComponentsFormatter.UnitsStyle = NSDateComponentsFormatterUnitsStyle.Full;
Assert.AreEqual (NSDateComponentsFormatterUnitsStyle.Full, dateComponentsFormatter.UnitsStyle, "UnitsStyle");
dateComponentsFormatter.AllowedUnits = NSCalendarUnit.Month | NSCalendarUnit.Day;
Assert.AreEqual (NSCalendarUnit.Month | NSCalendarUnit.Day, dateComponentsFormatter.AllowedUnits, "AllowedUnits");
dateComponentsFormatter.ZeroFormattingBehavior = NSDateComponentsFormatterZeroFormattingBehavior.Pad;
Assert.AreEqual (NSDateComponentsFormatterZeroFormattingBehavior.Pad, dateComponentsFormatter.ZeroFormattingBehavior, "ZeroFormattingBehavior");
NSCalendar c = new NSCalendar (NSCalendarType.Buddhist);
Assert.IsNotNull (dateComponentsFormatter.Calendar);
dateComponentsFormatter.Calendar = c;
Assert.AreEqual (c.Identifier, dateComponentsFormatter.Calendar.Identifier, "Calendar");
dateComponentsFormatter.AllowsFractionalUnits = true;
Assert.IsTrue (dateComponentsFormatter.AllowsFractionalUnits, "AllowsFractionalUnits");
dateComponentsFormatter.MaximumUnitCount = 50;
Assert.AreEqual ((nint) 50, dateComponentsFormatter.MaximumUnitCount, "MaximumUnitCount");
dateComponentsFormatter.CollapsesLargestUnit = true;
Assert.IsTrue (dateComponentsFormatter.CollapsesLargestUnit, "CollapsesLargestUnit");
dateComponentsFormatter.IncludesApproximationPhrase = true;
Assert.IsTrue (dateComponentsFormatter.IncludesApproximationPhrase, "IncludesApproximationPhrase");
dateComponentsFormatter.IncludesTimeRemainingPhrase = true;
Assert.IsTrue (dateComponentsFormatter.IncludesTimeRemainingPhrase, "IncludesTimeRemainingPhrase");
Assert.IsNotNull (dateComponentsFormatter.FormattingContext);
dateComponentsFormatter.FormattingContext = new NSFormattingContext ();
}
[Test]
public void DateStringForObjectValue ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
string formattedString = dateComponentsFormatter.StringForObjectValue (NowComponents);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "StringForObjectValue");
}
[Test]
public void DateStringFromDateComponents ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
string formattedString = dateComponentsFormatter.StringFromDateComponents (NowComponents);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "StringFromDateComponents");
}
[Test]
public void DateStringFromDate ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
dateComponentsFormatter.AllowedUnits = NSCalendarUnit.Second; // New default allowed units won't give us second resolution
string formattedString = dateComponentsFormatter.StringFromDate (NSDate.Now, NSDate.Now.AddSeconds (60));
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "StringFromDate");
}
[Test]
public void DateStringFromTimeInterval ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
string formattedString = dateComponentsFormatter.StringFromTimeInterval (1.5);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "StringFromTimeInterval");
}
[Test]
public void DateLocalizedStringFromDateComponents ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
string formattedString = NSDateComponentsFormatter.LocalizedStringFromDateComponents (NowComponents, NSDateComponentsFormatterUnitsStyle.Full);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "LocalizedStringFromDateComponents");
}
[Test]
public void DateGetObjectValueTest ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
// NSDateComponentsFormatter currently only implements formatting, not parsing. Until it implements parsing, this will always return NO.
NSObject o;
string e;
bool value = dateComponentsFormatter.GetObjectValue (out o, string.Empty, out e);
Assert.IsFalse (value, "DateGetObjectValueTest"); // If this ever returns true, we need to write a better test
}
#endregion
#region NSEnergyFormatter
[Test]
public void EnergyEnergyStringFromValue ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
string formattedString = energyFormatter.StringFromValue (2.0, NSEnergyFormatterUnit.Kilocalorie);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "EnergyStringFromValue");
}
[Test]
public void EnergyEnergyStringFromJoules ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
string formattedString = energyFormatter.StringFromJoules (2.0);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "StringFromJoules");
}
[Test]
public void EnergyUnitStringFromValue ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
string formattedString = energyFormatter.UnitStringFromValue (2.0, NSEnergyFormatterUnit.Kilojoule);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "UnitStringFromValue");
}
[Test]
public void EnergyUnitStringFromJoules ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
NSEnergyFormatterUnit unit;
string formattedString = energyFormatter.UnitStringFromJoules (2.0, out unit);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "UnitStringFromJoules");
Assert.IsTrue ((int) unit > 0); // We got some value from the API
}
[Test]
public void EnergyGetObjectValue ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
// No parsing is supported. This method will return NO.
NSObject o;
string e;
bool value = energyFormatter.GetObjectValue (out o, string.Empty, out e);
Assert.IsFalse (value, "EnergyGetObjectValue"); // If this ever returns true, we need to write a better test
}
#endregion
#region NSDateIntervalFormatter
[Test]
public void DateIntervalStringFromDate ()
{
RequiresIos8 ();
using (var dateIntervalFormatter = new NSDateIntervalFormatter ()) {
string formattedString = dateIntervalFormatter.StringFromDate (NSDate.Now.AddSeconds (-60 * 60 * 24), NSDate.Now);
TestFormattedString (formattedString, "DateIntervalStringFromDate");
}
}
#endregion
}
}
``` |
Knott County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,251. Its county seat is Hindman. The county was formed in 1884 and is named for James Proctor Knott, Governor of Kentucky (1883–1887). It is a prohibition or dry county. Its county seat is home to the Hindman Settlement School, founded as America's first settlement school. The Knott County town of Pippa Passes is home to Alice Lloyd College.
History
Knott County was established in 1884 from land given by Breathitt, Floyd, Letcher, and Perry counties. The 1890s-era courthouse, the second to serve the county, burned in 1929.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water.
Adjacent counties
Magoffin County (north)
Floyd County (northeast)
Pike County (east)
Letcher County (south)
Perry County (southwest)
Breathitt County (northwest)
Summits
Big Lovely Mountain,
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,649 people, 6,717 households, and 4,990 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 7,579 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 98.27% White, 0.73% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.60% from two or more races. 0.63% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 6,717 households, out of which 34.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.60% were married couples living together, 12.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.70% were non-families. 23.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.50% under the age of 18, 10.80% from 18 to 24, 29.00% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 11.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 97.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $20,373, and the median income for a family was $24,930. Males had a median income of $29,471 versus $21,240 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,297. About 26.20% of families and 31.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.80% of those under age 18 and 23.10% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Knott County Schools
Knott County Central High School
Knott County Area Technology Center
Beaver Creek Elementary
Carr Creek Elementary
Cordia School
Emmalena Elementary
Hindman Elementary
Jones Fork Elementary
Private schools
Bethel Christian Academy
Hindman Settlement School
June Buchanan School
Higher education
Knott County Campus of Hazard Community and Technical College
Alice Lloyd College
Politics
Knott County had historically voted very strongly for the Democratic Party. In 1992, 75% of Knott County residents voted for Democrat Bill Clinton for US president, the highest percentage for Clinton of any county in the state. However, in recent years, Knott County has voted more favorably for the Republican Party. In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain became the first Republican to win Knott County in a presidential election by winning 52.6% of the vote to Barack Obama's 45%.
When Governor Ernie Fletcher appointed Republican Randy Thompson as County Judge Executive in 2005, it was the first time the county ever had a Republican Judge Executive. Thompson won re-election in 2006 and again in 2010, making him the first Republican to win election in a Knott County office. Congressman Hal Rogers has also won Knott County's vote in recent years. Thompson was removed from office in 2013 after being convicted of misusing public funds.
Economy
Coal companies in Knott County
Alpha Natural Resources
James River Coal Company
Areas of interest
Tourism is increasing in the county, especially the popularity of elk viewing. Knott County and its surrounding counties are home to 5,700 free ranging elk, the largest elk herd east of the Mississippi River. There is an ATV Training Center dedicated to the safety of ATV usage amongst riders and the Knott County Sportsplex, a sports complex which has indoor basketball courts, outside baseball fields, a soccer field, and a fitness center.
Media
Television
Hometown24
Radio
WKCB-FM
WKCB-AM
WWJD-FM
Newspapers
Troublesome Creek Times
Communities
Cities
Hindman (county seat)
Pippa Passes
Vicco (part)
Unincorporated communities
Anco
Bath
Bearville
Betty
Breeding Creek
Carrie
Dema (part)
Elic
Elmrock
Emmalena
Fisty
Garner
Handshoe
Hollybush
Indian Grave
Irishmans
Jones Fork
Kite
Leburn
Littcarr
Mallie
Mousie
Pine Top
Raven
Redfox
Ritchie
Sassafras
Slone Fork
Soft Shell
Spider
Talcum
Tina
Topmost
Vest
Wiscoal
Infrastructure
Transportation
Public transportation is provided by LKLP Community Action Partnership with demand-response service and scheduled service from Hindman to Hazard.
Notable residents
Lige Clarke (1942−1975), LGBT activist, journalist and author
Rebecca Gayheart (born 1971), actress and model
Carl Dewey Perkins (1912−1984), politician and member of the United States House of Representatives
James Still (1906–2001), author folklorist
David Tolliver, musician; member of country band Halfway to Hazard
In popular culture
20th Century Fox filmed several scenes in the county for a nationally released movie Fire Down Below
See also
Dry counties
National Register of Historic Places listings in Knott County, Kentucky
Robinson Forest
References
Further reading
External links
The Kentucky Highlands Project
Kentucky counties
Counties of Appalachia
1884 establishments in Kentucky
Populated places established in 1884 |
Aviation High School may refer to:
In Australia
Aviation State High School, Clayfield, Queensland
In the United States
Aviation High School (California), Redondo Beach, California
Aviation Career & Technical Education High School, New York City, New York
Raisbeck Aviation High School, Tukwila, Washington |
David Porter (born November 21, 1941) is an American record producer, songwriter, singer, entrepreneur and philanthropist.
Porter was a 2005 inductee into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, with catalog sales exceeding 400 million units. In 2015, Rolling Stone listed him among the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. He is best known for songwriting, having written Sam & Dave's "Soul Man" (1968 Grammy winner), and "Hold On, I'm Comin'". His songs have been sampled in Mariah Carey's "Dreamlover" (1993 Grammy winner), Will Smith's "Gettin' Jiggy wit It" (1999 Grammy winner), and The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Who Shot Ya?".
He is also the founder of the Memphis-based Consortium MMT, a nonprofit organization seeking to develop the music industry in Memphis.
Porter has over 1,700 songwriter and composer credits for a range of artists, including Aretha Franklin, James Brown, Celine Dion, Otis Redding, Drake, ZZ Top, Tom Jones, Ted Nugent, Bonnie Raitt, Wu-Tang Clan, Eminem, Patsy Cline, Albert King and Eurythmics.
Biography
Early life
Porter was the ninth of 12 children born to James and Corean Porter in Memphis, his second oldest brother was COGIC Bishop W. L. Porter (1925–2009). Porter's career began in music after singing in church, school, Memphis venues and competitions, often with close friend and classmate Maurice White, who later founded Earth, Wind and Fire. Porter graduated from Booker T. Washington High in 1961 and later attended LeMoyne College. While still a high-school student working at a grocery across from Satellite Records, he went over to find if the label would consider recording soul music.
After meetings with Chips Moman, Porter became active at Satellite as a songwriter. With this role, Porter arranged for his friends and classmates to record for the Satellite label, including Booker T. Jones, William Bell, and Andrew Love. Soon after, Satellite rebranded as Stax Records and redefined their focus to become a soul music label.
Stax career
Porter was the first staff songwriter at Stax Records and developed his skills in A&R and songwriting. In Porter's A&R capacity, he signed acts including The Emotions, Homer Banks, The Soul Children and was a catalyst for bringing in Isaac Hayes as a writing partner. As house composers for Stax Records, Porter and Hayes penned most of Sam & Dave's hits, including "Soul Man", "I Thank You", "When Something Is Wrong with My Baby" and "Hold On, I'm Comin'". They also wrote material for Carla Thomas ("B-A-B-Y"), Johnnie Taylor ("I Got to Love Somebody's Baby" and "I Had a Dream"), and The Soul Children. Starting in the late 1960s, Hayes became increasingly focused on his own recording career, eventually leading to the end of the songwriting partnership. The Hayes-Porter duo composed 200 songs during their collaboration.
Porter then began recording his own albums for Stax. He did a single for Stax itself in 1965, "Can't See You When I Want To", a remake of which became a Top 30 R&B hit for Porter. He cut several albums for Stax in the early 1970s, including a concept LP, Victim of the Joke? which includes an upbeat cover of The Beatles' "Help!". Also, he released on other labels under the pseudonyms Little David and Kenny Cain.
Porter began working with songwriting partner Ronnie Williams, and later went on to engineer the brief relaunch of the Stax label in 1978, after the bankrupt label's assets were acquired by Fantasy Records. He and Hayes received Pioneer Awards from the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1999.
Songwriters Hall of Fame
On June 9, 2005, Porter was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame alongside Bill Withers, Steve Cropper, Robert B. Sherman, Richard M. Sherman, John Fogerty, and his longtime writing partner Isaac Hayes.
The Consortium MMT
In 2012, Porter founded The Consortium MMT, a 501(c) non-profit with the goal of developing a viable music industry in Memphis through structured teaching, experience and mentorship. Porter was awarded the 2013 Governor's Arts Award for his achievements including the founding and success of The Consortium MMT venture.
Awards, honors and positions
Awards and honors
Songwriters Hall of Fame Inductee
Rolling Stone 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time
Mr. David Porter Street honorary in Memphis, Tennessee
Grammy Awards and Nominations (various, over a 50-year span)
RIAA Certified One-Million Sales Award, Soul Man by Sam & Dave
Broadcast Music, Inc., Citation of Achievement 1969, Soul Man
Broadcast Music, Inc., Citation of Achievement, Dreamlover 1st Award
Broadcast Music, Inc., Citation of Achievement, Dreamlover 2nd Award
Broadcast Music, Inc., Citation of Achievement, Gettin' Jiggy Wit It
Broadcast Music, Inc., Pop Award
Rhythm and Blues "Pioneer Award" Winner, 1999
The University of Memphis "Distinguished Achievement Award" In the Creative and Performing Arts, 1992
The University of Memphis Board of Trustees Award, 2008
The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Award of Appreciation
2013 Governor's Arts Award (awarded on basis of arts achievements and work with the Consortium MMT)
Boards, commissions and entrepreneurship
Chapter President and National Trustee, The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences
Chairman, Memphis/Shelby County Film, Tape and Music Commission
Member of the Board, Youth Villages
Trustee, University of Memphis Board of Visitors
Member of the Board, State of Tennessee Film/Music Commission
Member of the Board, TPC annual PGA golf event benefiting St. Jude Hospital
Member of the Board, Orpheum Theatre (Memphis)
Member of the Board, Memphis State Music Advisory Board
Director, Bank of Bartlett
Owner, Da Blues (blues club) at Memphis International Airport
Owner, IPR Records
Owner, Robosac Music, LLC (music publishing company)
Investor, Xsite (Memphis, Little Rock)
Investor/Partner B.B. Kings Blues Club (Memphis, Los Angeles)
Stax-era discography (1965–74)
Songwriting and production with Isaac Hayes
1965: "Candy", by the Astors
1965: "You Don't Know Like I Know", by Sam & Dave
1966: "Let Me Be Good to You", by Carla Thomas
1966: "B-A-B-Y", by Carla Thomas
1966: "Your Good Thing (Is About to End)", by Mabel John
1966: "Hold On, I'm Comin'", by Sam & Dave
1967: "When Something is Wrong with My Baby", by Sam & Dave
1967: "Soul Man", by Sam & Dave
1968: "I Thank You", by Sam & Dave
1969: "So I Can Love You", by The Emotions (production only)
1969: "The Sweeter He Is", by The Soul Children
1969: "Soul Sister Brown Sugar", by Sam & Dave
Albums
All albums issued on Stax Records' Enterprise label.
1970: Gritty, Groovy, & Gettin' It
1971: ...Into a Real Thing
1973: Victim of the Joke? An Opera
1974: Sweat & Love
Singles
All singles issued on Stax Records' Enterprise label unless otherwise noted.
1965: "Can't See You When I Want To" b/w "Win You Over" (Stax)
1970: "One Part Love, Two Parts Pain" b/w "Can't See You When I Want To"
1971: "If I Give It Up, I Want It Back [Pt. I]" b/w "If I Give It Up, I Want It Back [Pt. II]"
1972: "Ain't That Loving You (for More Reasons Than One)" b/w "Baby I'm-a Want You" (with Isaac Hayes)
1972: "I'm Afraid the Masquerade Is Over" b/w "Hang On Sloopy"
1972: "When the Chips Are Down" b/w "I Wanna Be Your Somebody"
1973: "Long as You're the One Somebody in the World" b/w "When You Have to Sneak, You Have to Sneak"
1974: "I Got You and I'm Glad" b/w "Falling Out, Falling In"
References
External links
1941 births
Living people
American funk musicians
American soul musicians
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Stax Records artists |
The Ever Popular Tortured Artist Effect is Todd Rundgren's tenth studio album, released in 1982. The album is a return to the pop sound for which Rundgren is generally most lauded by critics. Considering it a contractual obligation, he spent little time working on Tortured Artist (hence the title). However, the album was generally well-received, and Rundgren scored a hit with the novelty song "Bang the Drum All Day".
The album was also his last official release on Bearsville Records.
Track listing
All songs by Todd Rundgren; except when noted.
Side one
"Hideaway" – 4:58
"Influenza" – 4:29
"Don't Hurt Yourself" – 3:41
"There Goes Your Baybay" – 3:53
Side two
"Tin Soldier" (Ronnie Lane, Steve Marriott) – 3:10
"Emperor of the Highway" – 1:39
"Bang the Drum All Day" – 3:32
"Drive" – 5:26
"Chant" – 4:20
Personnel
Todd Rundgren - all vocals and instruments, art direction, engineer, producer
Technical
Bean - additional engineering
Charts
Album
Single
References
External links
Todd Rundgren albums
1982 albums
Albums produced by Todd Rundgren
Bearsville Records albums
Rhino Records albums |
The gens Cornelia was one of the greatest patrician houses at ancient Rome. For more than seven hundred years, from the early decades of the Republic to the third century AD, the Cornelii produced more eminent statesmen and generals than any other gens. At least seventy-five consuls under the Republic were members of this family, beginning with Servius Cornelius Maluginensis in 485 BC. Together with the Aemilii, Claudii, Fabii, Manlii, and Valerii, the Cornelii were almost certainly numbered among the gentes maiores, the most important and powerful families of Rome, who for centuries dominated the Republican magistracies. All of the major branches of the Cornelian gens were patrician, but there were also plebeian Cornelii, at least some of whom were descended from freedmen.
Origin
The origin of the Cornelii is lost to history, but the nomen Cornelius may be formed from the hypothetical cognomen Corneus, meaning "horny", that is, having thick or callused skin. The existence of such a cognomen in early times may be inferred from its diminutive, Corneolus. Such a derivation implies a Latin origin for the Cornelii, and there is no evidence to contradict this, but beyond this no traditions survive relating to the family's beginning.
Praenomina
The Cornelii employed a wide variety of praenomina, although individual families tended to favor certain names and avoid others. Servius, Lucius, Publius, and Gnaeus were common to most branches, while other names were used by individual stirpes; Marcus primarily by the Cornelii Maluginenses and the Cethegi, Gaius by the Cethegi, and Aulus by the Cossi. Other names occur infrequently; Tiberius appears once amongst the Lentuli, who later revived the old surname Cossus as a praenomen, while the Cornelii Sullae made use of Faustus.
Branches and cognomina
The Cornelian gens included both patricians and plebeians, but all of its major families were patrician. The surnames Arvina, Blasio, Cethegus, Cinna, Cossus, Dolabella, Lentulus, Maluginensis, Mammula, Merenda, Merula, Rufinus, Scapula, Scipio, Sisenna, and Sulla belonged to patrician Cornelii, while the plebeian cognomina included Balbus and Gallus. Other surnames are known from freedmen, including Chrysogonus, Culleolus, Phagita, and others. A number of plebeian Cornelii had no cognomen.
The first of the Cornelii to appear in history bore the surname Maluginensis. This family seems to have divided into two stirpes in the 430s, the senior line retaining Maluginensis, while the younger branches assumed Cossus. From their filiations, the first of the Cornelii Cossi would seem to have been younger sons of Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, a member of the Second Decemvirate in 450 BC. Both families produced a number of consuls and consular tribunes during the fourth and fifth centuries BC. The Maluginenses disappeared before the period of the Samnite Wars, although the Cornelii Scipiones appear to have been descended from this family, while the surname Cossus appears as late as the beginning of the third century; members of the latter family also bore the cognomina Rutilus, "reddish", and Arvina. Cossus itself seems to belong to a class of surnames derived from objects or animals, referring to the larva of certain beetles that burrow under the bark of trees. The Cornelii Lentuli subsequently revived Cossus as a surname.
The Cornelii Scipiones derived their surname from a legend in which the first of the family served as a staff (scipio) for his blind father. Since the first of the Scipiones seems to have borne the cognomen Maluginensis, he would seem to have been the son of Publius Cornelius Maluginensis, one of the consular tribunes in 404 BC. The Scipiones produced numerous consuls and several prominent generals, of whom the most celebrated were Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus. Members of this family held the highest offices of the Roman state from the beginning of the fourth century BC down to the second century of the Empire, a span of nearly six hundred years. Its members bore a large number of additional surnames, including Barbatus, "bearded", Scapula, "shoulder blade", Asina, "she-ass", Calvus, "bald", Hispallus, "little Spaniard", Nasica, "nosed", and Corculum, "little heart", in addition to those derived from their military exploits: Africanus and Asiaticus. The last generations of this great family were originally adopted from the Salvidieni, and so bore the additional names of Salvidienus Orfitus. The Scipiones had a large family sepulchre at Rome, which still exists, having been rediscovered in 1780.
The cognomen Lentulus probably belongs to a class of surnames deriving from the habits or qualities of the persons to whom they were first applied; the adjective lentulus means "rather slow". An alternative explanation is that the name is a diminutive of lens, a lentil, and so belongs to the same class of surnames as Cicero, a chickpea, and Caepio, an onion. The Cornelii Lentuli were famed for their pride and haughtiness, so that Cicero uses Lentulitas, "Lentulusness", to describe the most aristocratic of the patricians. The Lentuli appear in history from the time of the Samnite Wars to the first century of the Empire, a period of about four hundred years. Their origin is uncertain. According to Livy, early in the Second Samnite War, Lucius Cornelius Lentulus described his father as the only man who, during the Gallic sack of Rome in 390 BC, had opposed paying a ransom to ensure the departure of the Gauls from the city. The filiations of other early Lentuli suggest that their ancestors used the name Gnaeus, suggesting that they could have been descendants of the Cornelii Cossi.
The Lentuli used a number of additional surnames, including Caudinus, apparently referring to the Battle of the Caudine Forks, crus, a leg, or the shin, Gaetulicus, bestowed upon the conqueror of the Gaetuli, Lupus, a wolf, Niger, black, Spinther, a bracelet, and Sura, the calf. The Lentuli also revived several old cognomina that had belonged to other stirpes of the Cornelii: Maluginensis, Cossus, Rufinus, and Scipio. At least two of this family bore surnames derived from other gentes; Clodianus was borne by a Lentulus who had been adopted from the Clodii, while Marcellinus belonged to a member of the family who was adopted from the Claudii Marcelli.
The Cornelii Rufini appear in the latter half of the fourth century BC, beginning with Publius Cornelius Rufinus, dictator in 334 BC. From the surname Rufinus, meaning "reddish", one may infer that the first of this family had red hair. A descendant of this family was the first to assume the cognomen Sulla, about the time of the Second Punic War. The name is probably a diminutive of Sura, a cognomen found in several gentes, including among the Cornelii Lentuli, and probably referred to someone with prominent calves. Plutarch, who erroneously believed that the dictator Sulla was the first to bear the name, thought it must have referred to a blotchy, reddish complexion, while Macrobius derives it from Sibylla, an etymology that is rejected by Quintilian. The dictator Sulla adopted the agnomen Felix, meaning "fortunate" or "happy", and this name was passed on to some of his descendants. The Sullae continued in the highest offices of the state well into imperial times. The last appearing in history fell victim to Elagabalus, early in the third century AD.
The Dolabellae first came to prominence at the beginning of the third century BC, and so remained until the reign of Vitellius. Several of the Dolabellae achieved high office, and one was Rex Sacrorum, but many of this family were notorious for their pride, extravagance, and disregard for the law. Their surname, Dolabella, is a diminutive of dolabra, a mattock or pickaxe, and belongs to a common class of surnames derived from everyday objects.
Several lesser patrician stirpes flourished during the late Republic and early years of the Empire. The Cornelii Merendae flourished for about a century, beginning in the early third century BC. Their cognomen means the midday meal, and is also found among the patrician Antonii. The Blasiones appeared at the same time and flourished for about 160 years; their surname was originally given to one who stammers. Cethegus is a cognomen whose original meaning and significance have been lost. The Cornelii Cethegi first appear in the latter half of the third century BC, and were described by Horace as cinctuti Cethegi, for their old-fashioned practice of wearing their arms bare. They remained prominent for the next two centuries. The Cornelii Mammulae held several praetorships, beginning at the time of the Second Punic War, but they never attained the consulship, and disappeared after about fifty years. Their surname is a diminutive of mamma, a breast. Merula refers to an ouzel, or blackbird. The family that bore this surname rose from obscurity at the beginning of the second century BC, and continued for the next century. The Cornelii Cinnae were the last patrician family to emerge in the late second century BC; they retained prominence until the early decades of the Empire.
Balbus, which like Blasio signifies a stammerer, was not originally a surname of the Cornelia gens, but was adopted by a native of Gades, who was granted Roman citizenship by Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, as a reward for military service during the War against Sertorius. He probably took the nomen Cornelius after Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus, who ratified the act making Balbus a citizen in 72 BC. He eventually attained the consulship, but the family, which was plebeian, disappeared from history in the early years of the Empire. Another plebeian surname of the Cornelii was Gallus, known from Gaius Cornelius Gallus, the poet, who came to Rome from Forum Julii as a young man. His surname signified his Gallic origin.
Members
Cornelii Maluginenses
Publius Cornelius Maluginensis, the father of the consul of 485 BC
Servius Cornelius P. f. Cossus Maluginensis, consul in 485 BC, fought against the Veientes.
Lucius Cornelius Ser. f. P. n. Maluginensis, consul in 459 BC.
Marcus Cornelius L. f. Ser. n. Maluginensis, a member of the second decemvirate in 450 BC.
Marcus Cornelius M. f. Maluginensis, consul in 436 BC.
Publius Cornelius M. f. M. n. Maluginensis, consular tribune in 404 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. M. n. Maluginensis, consular tribune in 397 and 390, and magister equitum in 396 BC.
Marcus Cornelius P. f. P. n. Maluginensis, censor in 393 BC.
Servius Cornelius P. f. M. n. Maluginensis, consular tribune in 386, 384, 382, 380, 376, 370, and 368 BC. He was also magister equitum in 361.
Marcus Cornelius Maluginensis, consular tribune in 369 and 367 BC.
Cornelii Cossi
Servius Cornelius M. f. L. n. Cossus, consular tribune in 434 BC.
Aulus Cornelius M. f. L. n. Cossus, consul in 428 and consular tribune in 426 BC, slew Lars Tolumnius, King of Veii, to claim the spolia opima.
Publius Cornelius A. f. P. n. Cossus, consular tribune in 415 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius A. f. M. n. Cossus, consular tribune in 415 and consul in 409 BC.
Aulus Cornelius A. f. M. n. Cossus, consul in 413 BC.
Publius Cornelius A. f. M. n. Cossus, consular tribune in 408 BC.
Publius Cornelius M. f. L. n. Rutilus Cossus, dictator in 408 and consular tribune in 406 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius P. f. A. n. Cossus, consular tribune in 406, 404, and 401 BC.
Publius Cornelius Maluginensis Cossus, consular tribune in 395, and consul in 393 BC.
Aulus Cornelius Cossus, dictator in 385 BC.
Aulus Cornelius Cossus, consular tribune in 369 and 367 BC.
Aulus Cornelius P. f. A. n. Cossus Arvina, consul in 343 and 332, and dictator in 322 BC.
Publius Cornelius A. f. P. n. Arvina, consul in 306 and 288, and censor in 294 BC.
Cornelii Scipiones
Publius Cornelius P. f. M. n. Maluginensis Scipio, magister equitum in 396 BC, and consular tribune in 395 and 394.
Publius Cornelius P. f. Scipio, one of the two first curule aediles appointed in 366 BC, and magister equitum in 350.
Lucius Cornelius P. f. Scipio, consul in 350 BC.
Publius Cornelius Scipio Scapula, consul in 328 BC and dictator in 306.
Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, father of the consul of 298 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Cn. f. Scipio Barbatus, consul in 298 BC, and censor in 280.
Gnaeus Cornelius L. f. Cn. n. Scipio Asina, consul in 260 and 254 BC, during the First Punic War.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. Cn. n. Scipio, consul in 259 and censor in 258 BC, captured Sardinia and Corsica.
Publius Cornelius Cn. f. L. n. Scipio Asina, consul in 221 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius L. f. L. n. Scipio Calvus, consul in 222 BC, slain in Hispania, 211.
Publius Cornelius L. f. L. n., consul in 218 BC, slain in Hispania, 211.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Scipio, a younger brother of the Scipiones who were slain in Hispania, and uncle of Africanus.
Publius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Scipio Africanus, the conqueror of Hannibal; consul in 205 and 194 BC, and censor in 199; Princeps Senatus.
Publius Cornelius Cn. f. L. n. Scipio Nasica, consul in 191 BC.
Lucius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Scipio Asiaticus, consul in 190 BC. Defeated Antiochus III the Great in 189.
Publius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Scipio, elder son of Scipio Africanus, was elected augur in 180 BC. He was a noted historian and scholar.
Lucius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Scipio, younger son of Scipio Africanus, praetor peregrinus in 174 BC, expelled from the Senate by the censors.
Cornelia P. f. L. n., elder daughter of Scipio Africanus, wife of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum, and mother of Serapio.
Cornelia P. f. L. n., younger daughter of Scipio Africanus, and mother of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. L. n. Scipio Hispallus, praetor in 179 BC, and then became consul in 176.
Marcus Cornelius Scipio Maluginensis, not related to the other Scipiones, he was perhaps a long descendant Publius Cornelius Maluginensis Scipio, of whom he reused the cognomen Maluginensis. He was praetor in 176 BC, but the censors of 174 expelled him from the Senate.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Scipio Asiaticus, quaestor in 167 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. Cn. n. Scipio Nasica Corculum, consul in 162 and 155 BC, and censor in 159; pontifex maximus in 150 and princeps senatus in 147.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Scipio, son of Publius Cornelius Scipio the historian, was appointed Flamen Dialis in 174 BC. His early death, about 169, compelled his father to adopt Scipio Aemilianus.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Scipio Africanus Aemilianus, consul in 147 and 134 BC, and censor in 142, triumphed over Carthage and Numantia.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. L. n. Scipio Hispanus, praetor in 139 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Scipio Nasica Serapio, son of Scipio Nasica Corculum, consul in 138 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Scipio Nasica, consul in 111 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio, praetor about 109 BC, refused the province of Spain.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Scipio Asiaticus, the father of Scipio Asiaticus.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Scipio Nasica, praetor in 93 BC, crushed a revolt in Spain.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Scipio Asiaticus, consul in 83 BC.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Scipio Asiaticus Aemilianus, the eldest son of M. Aemilius Lepidus, adopted by the consul of 83 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Scipio Nasica, afterward Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica, consul in 52 BC.
Cornelia P. f. Metella, daughter of the consul Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio; married first Publius Licinius Crassus and, after his death, Gnaeus Pompeius.
Cornelia, daughter of Scribonia, and stepdaughter of Augustus; married Paullus Aemilius Lepidus, consul suffectus in 34 BC.
Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito, accompanied Caesar on his African campaign, in 46 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. Scipio, consul in 16 BC.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, consul in AD 51.
Publius Cornelius (P. n.) Scipio, consul in AD 56.
Publius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, consul suffectus in AD 68.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. Ser. n. Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, consul suffectus in an uncertain year during the reign of Domitian, he was later banished and subsequently put to death, supposedly for having plotted against the emperor.
Cornelius Scipio Orfitus, consul suffectus in AD 101.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. Ser. n. Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, consul in AD 110, during the reign of Trajan. He was praefectus urbi under Antoninus Pius.
Servius Cornelius (Ser. f.) Ser. n. Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, proconsul of Africa in AD 163 and 164.
Servius Cornelius (Ser. f. Ser. n.) Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, consul in AD 178.
Servius Cornelius (Ser. f. Ser. n.) Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus, one of the Salii in AD 189 and 190.
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Orfitus, vir clarissimus, augur in 295 AD, probably descended from the salius Palatinus.
(Cornelius?) Scipio, a vir clarissimus in the late 4th century, possibly descended from Lucius Scipio Orfitus, the augur.
Cornelii Lentuli
Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, according to his son, the only senator who voted against paying Brennus and the Gauls to leave Rome, in 390 BC.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. Lentulus, consul in 327 and dictator in 320 BC.
Servius Cornelius Cn. f. Cn. n. Lentulus, consul in 303 BC.
Tiberius Cornelius Ser. f. Cn. n. Lentulus, son of the consul of 303 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Ti. f. Ser. n. Lentulus Caudinus, consul in 275 BC.
Lucius Cornelius L.f. Ti. n. Lentulus Caudinus, consul in 237 BC.
Publius Cornelius L.f. Ti. n. Lentulus Caudinus, consul in 236 BC.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Lentulus Caudinus, curule aedile in 209 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Lentulus, praetor in 214 BC.
Servius Cornelius Lentulus, curule aedile in 207 BC, and military tribune in Hispania in 205.
Publius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Lentulus Caudinus, praetor in 203 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius L. f. L. n. Lentulus, consul in 201 BC, and subsequently one of the triumvirs appointed to bring new colonists to Narnia.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Lentulus, consul in 199 BC.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. Lentulus, ambassador sent to Greece in 171 BC, and praetor in Sicily in 169.
Publius Cornelius Ser. f. Lentulus, brother of the praetor of 169, also an ambassador sent to Greece in 171 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, messenger of Lucius Aemilius Paullus, after the defeat of Perseus, in 168 BC.
Publius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Lentulus, consul suffectus in 162 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Cn. f. L. n. Lentulus Lupus, consul in 156 and censor in 147 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus, consul in 146 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Ser. f. Ser. n. Lentulus, praetor in 140 BC.
Cornelius Lentulus, praetor in Sicily, defeated circa 134 BC during the First Servile War.
Publius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Lentulus, praetor circa 128 BC, was the father of Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, consul in 71 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Ser. f. Lentulus, quaestor circa 100 BC, was honored at Delos.
Publius Cornelius (L. f.) Lentulus, legate of the consul Lucius Caesar in 90 BC, during the Marsic War. He was murdered by partisans of Marius in 87. He was probably father of Publius, quaestor c. 72 BC, and of Lentulus Crus.
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus, consul in 97 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus, consul in 72, and censor in 70 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Lentulus Sura, consul in 71 BC, later one of Catiline's conspirators.
Publius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Lentulus, quaestor circa 72 BC, possibly identical with Lentulus Spinther.
Publius Cornelius P. f. (L. or Cn. n.) Lentulus Spinther, consul in 57 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Lentulus Spinther, a partisan of Pompeius, and later one of the conspirators against Caesar.
Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, the son of Marcus Claudius Marcellus, he was adopted by one of the Cornelii Lentuli. He was a lieutenant of Pompeius during the war against the pirates, in 67 BC, and was an orator of considerable merit.
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Cn. f. Clodianus, sent to observe the progress of the Helvetii in 60 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius P. f. Lentulus Marcellinus, consul in 56 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Vatia, mentioned by Cicero in 56 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Niger, Flamen Martialis, died in 56 BC.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. Lentulus, Flamen Martialis following Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Niger, was still alive in 20 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, consul in 49 BC, and a partisan of Pompeius.
(Publius) Cornelius Cn. f. P. n. Lentulus Marcellinus, quaestor in 48 BC, commanded a portion of Caesar's fortifications at Dyrrhachium, where he was defeated by Pompeius with heavy losses, but afterward saved by Mark Antony.
Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Cruscellio, proscribed by the triumvirs in 43 BC, but escaped, and was later reconciled with them. He was consul suffectus in 38 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius L. f. Lentulus, consul in 18 BC.
Publius Cornelius Lentulus P. f. (Cn. n.) Marcellinus, consul in 18 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. Lentulus Augur, consul in 14 BC.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. Lentulus, consul in 3 BC.
Cornelia (L. f.), wife of Lucius Volusius Saturninus, consul suffectus in AD 3.
Cossus Cornelius Cn. f. (Cn. n.) Lentulus Gaetulicus, consul in 1 BC.
Publius Cornelius Lentulus Scipio, consul suffectus in AD 2.
Servius Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis, consul suffectus in AD 10. He had been appointed Flamen Dialis by Augustus, which prevented him from being appointed governor of Asia in AD 22.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. Lentulus Maluginensis, appointed Flamen Dialis in place of his father, following the latter's death in AD 23.
Publius Cornelius P. f. Lentulus Scipio, legate of Quintus Junius Blaesus, proconsul of Africa in AD 22, was consul suffectus in AD 24.
Cossus Cornelius Cossi f. Cn. n. Lentulus, consul in AD 25.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cossi f. Cn. n. Lentulus Gaetulicus, consul in AD 26.
Publius Cornelius Lentulus, consul suffectus in AD 27.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. Cossi n. Lentulus Gaetulicus, consul suffectus in AD 55.
Cossus Cornelius Cossi f. Cn. n. Lentulus, consul in AD 60.
Cornelius Lentulus, a celebrated actor and writer of pantomimes; his period is uncertain, but he must have lived before the end of the first century.
Cornelii Rufini et Sullae
Publius Cornelius Rufinus, dictator in 334 BC, but resigned due to a fault in his nomination. The Fasti Consulares list him again as dictator again in 333, during the first "Dictator Year" (a year without consul), but the historicity of the Dictator Years is doubted by modern scholars. Livy only mentions him in 334.
Gnaeus Cornelius Rufinus, the son of Publius Cornelius Rufinus, the dictator of 334 BC, was father of Publius Cornelius Rufinus, dictator in 280.
Publius Cornelius Cn. f. P. n. Rufinus, grandson of the dictator Publius Cornelius Rufinus, was consul in 290 and 277 BC, and dictator in 280.
Publius Cornelius P. f. (Rufinus) Sulla, Flamen Dialis from circa 270 BC until the middle of the century, was the first of the Cornelii to bear the cognomen Sulla. He was probably the son of Publius Cornelius Rufinus, consul in 290 and 277, and father of Publius Cornelius Sulla, praetor in 212.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Sulla, praetor urbanus and peregrinus in 212 BC, held the first Ludi Apollinares.
Publius Cornelius P. f. Sulla, praetor in 186 BC, obtained Sicily as his province.
Servius Cornelius P. f. Sulla, praetor in 175 BC, he obtained Sardinia as his province. He later served as a commissioner, sent to assist Lucius Aemilius Paullus in arranging the affairs of Macedonia, in 167 BC.
Publius Cornelius Sulla, triumvir monetalis in 151 BC, possibly the uncle of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
Lucius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Sulla, son of the Publius Cornelius Sulla who was praetor in 186 BC, and father of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. P. n. Sulla Felix, consul in 88 and 80, and dictator rei publicae constituendae causa from 82 to 81 BC.
Servius Cornelius L. f. P. n. Sulla, brother of the dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
Cornelia L. f. L. n., daughter of the dictator by his first wife, Ilia; married first Quintus Pompeius Rufus, and after his death, Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus.
Cornelius L. f. L. n. Sulla, son of the dictator by his fourth wife, Caecilia Metella, died in the lifetime of his father.
Faustus Cornelius L. f. L. n. Sulla, son of the dictator, was quaestor in 54 BC, and later a partisan of Pompeius.
Fausta Cornelia L. f. L. n., daughter of the dictator, and twin sister of Faustus Cornelius Sulla.
Cornelia L. f. L. n. Postuma, daughter of the dictator by his fifth wife, Valeria.
Publius Cornelius Ser. f. L. n. Sulla, a nephew of the dictator, was elected consul in 66 BC, but was disqualified from the office.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. L. n. Sulla, another nephew of the dictator, took part in both of the conspiracies of Catiline.
Cornelia F. f. L. n., the daughter of Faustus Cornelius Sulla, and granddaughter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla the dictator.
Publius Cornelius P. f. Ser. n. Sulla, son of Publius Cornelius Sulla, the consul of 66 BC, may have been the father of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, consul in 5 BC.
Lucius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Sulla, consul in 5 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Sulla P. f. F. n. Felix, a member of the Arval Brethren, was a grandson of Faustus Cornelius Sulla, the quaestor of 54 BC. He died in AD 21. He was the father of Faustus, consul in AD 31, and Lucius, consul in 33.
Faustus Cornelius L. f. P. n. Sulla, son of the Arval Sulla Felix, was consul suffectus in AD 31.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. P. n. Sulla Felix, another son of the Arval Sulla Felix, was consul in AD 33.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Sulla, son of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the consul of AD 33, was consul suffectus in AD 52.
Faustus Cornelius L. f. L. n. Sulla Felix, son of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the consul of AD 52, was put to death by Nero in 63.
Cornelius Sulla, governor of Cappadocia, put to death by Elagabalus.
Cornelii Dolabellae
Publius Cornelius Dolabella Maximus, consul in 283 BC.
Marcus Cornelius Dolabella, praetor in Sicily in 211 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, inaugurated as rex sacrorum in place of Marcus Marcius in 208 BC, and held this office until his death in 180.
Lucius Cornelius Dolabella, duumvir navalis in 180 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. Cn. n. Dolabella, consul in 159 BC.
Publius Cornelius L. f. Dolabella, father of the proconsul Lucius.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. Cn. n. Dolabella, put to death in 100 BC, together with the tribune Saturninus.
Lucius Cornelius P. f. L. n. Dolabella, as proconsul in 99 BC, defeated the Lusitani and received a triumph.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. Cn. n. Dolabella, consul in 81 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, praetor urbanus in 81 BC, an accomplice of Verres.
Publius Cornelius Dolabella, praetor urbanus in 67 BC, and later proconsul of Asia.
Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul suffectus in 44 BC, and Cicero's son-in-law.
Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul in 35 BC.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Dolabella, consul in AD 10 and proconsul of Africa in AD 23 and 24, conqueror of Tacfarinas.
Publius Cornelius P. f. P. n. Dolabella, consul in AD 55 and son of the consul in AD 10.
Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella, was put to death by Vitellius upon the emperor's accession in 69.
Servius Cornelius Cn. f. Dolabella Petronianus, consul in AD 86.
Cornelius Dolabella Veranianus, one of the sons of various Roman senators who were appointed to serve the Arval Brethren in AD 105.
Servius Cornelius P. n. Dolabella Metilianus, either the father or the brother of the consul of AD 113.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. P. n. Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Marcellus, consul suffectus in AD 113.
Cornelii Merendae
Servius Cornelius P. f. Ser. n. Merenda, legate in 275 BC under the consul Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus, who rewarded him for taking a Samnite town. He was then consul in 274.
Publius Cornelius Merenda, failed candidate to the consulship in 217 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Merenda, praetor in Sardinia in 194 BC, and one of the ten ambassadors sent to Asia to negotiate and implement the Treaty of Apamea in 189 and 188.
Cornelii Blasiones
Gnaeus Cornelius P. f. Cn. n. Blasio, consul in 270 and 257 BC, and censor in 265. He might have been Princeps Senatus in the 240s and early 230s.
Gnaeus Cornelius Blasio, praetor in Sicily in 194 BC.
Publius Cornelius Blasio, ambassador to the Carni, Istri, and Iapydes in 170 BC, and special commissioner in 168.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f. Blasio, triumvir monetalis circa 112 BC.
Cornelii Cethegi
Marcus Cornelius M. f. M. n. Cethegus, as flamen in 223 BC, was compelled to abdicate due to an error in performing a sacrifice. Appointed a pontifex in 213, when curule aedile; praetor in 200, censor in 209, consul in 204, and afterwards proconsul in Gaul, where he fought against Mago.
Gaius Cornelius L. f. M. n. Cethegus, consul in 197 and censor in 194 BC.
Publius Cornelius L. f. P. n. Cethegus, consul in 181 BC.
Publius Cornelius Cethegus, praetor in 184 BC.
Marcus Cornelius C. f. C. n. Cethegus, consul in 160 BC.
Lucius Cornelius (C. f. L. n.) Cethegus, supporter of a bill by the tribune Lucius Scribonius Libo to impeach Servius Sulpicius Galba in 149 BC.
Cornelius Cethegus, triumvir monetalis in 115 or 114 BC.
Publius Cornelius Cethegus, a partisan of Gaius Marius, was pardoned by Sulla in 83 BC.
Gaius Cornelius Cethegus, joined the conspiracy of Catiline in 63 BC, and was executed after its failure.
Cornelius Cethegus, a senator who voted for the death of his brother, Gaius, for his role in Catiline's conspiracy.
Servius Cornelius Cethegus, father of Servius, the consul of AD 24.
Servius Cornelius Ser. f. Cethegus, consul in AD 24.
Marcus Gavius Cornelius Cethegus, consul in AD 170.
Cornelii Mammulae
Aulus Cornelius Mammula, praetor at the beginning of the Second Punic War in 217 BC. As propraetor in Sardinia the following year, he unsuccessfully petitioned the Senate for money and supplies for his soldiers.
Aulus Cornelius Mammula, praetor in 191 BC, subsequently received the province of Bruttium.
Publius Cornelius Mammula, praetor in 180 BC, received the province of Sicily.
Marcus Cornelius Mammula, one of four ambassadors sent to Perseus of Macedon and Ptolemy VI of Egypt in 173 BC.
Cornelii Merulae
Lucius Cornelius L. f. Merula, praetor urbanus in 198 BC, and consul in 193.
Gnaeus Cornelius Merula, appointed legate by the Senate to resolve a dispute respecting the sovereignty of Cyprus in 162 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Merula, curule aedile in 161 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Merula, Flamen Dialis, and consul suffectus in 87 BC.
Cornelii Sisennae
Publius Cornelius Sisenna, praetor urbanus in 183 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius Sisenna, praetor in Macedonia in 119 BC, then proconsul the following year.
Gnaeus Cornelius L. f. Sisenna, triumvir monetalis between 118 and 107 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Sisenna, praetor urbanus and peregrinus in 78 BC, then perhaps governor of Sicily; he was a supporter of Verres. Legate under Gnaeus Pompeius in 67, during the war against the pirates, he was sent to command the army based in Crete, but died soon after his arrival. Sisenna was a historian, whose work was greatly praised by Cicero and Sallust.
Cornelius Sisenna, legate in Syria in 57 BC, serving under his father-in-law, Aulus Gabinius, the consul of the previous year. when Gabinius was prosecuted for bribery by Gaius Memmius, Sisenna pleaded with Memmius on Gabinius' behalf, but to no avail.
Cornelius Sisenna, triumvir monetalis in 5 BC.
Cornelii Cinnae
Lucius Cornelius L. f. Cinna, triumvir monetalis between 169 and 158 BC, legate in 136, praetor by 130, and consul in 127.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Cinna, consul in 87 (deposed), and from 86 to 84 BC. He was the leader of the Populares after the death of Gaius Marius, but was murdered by his own soldiers during his fourth consulship.
Cornelia L. f. L. n., wife of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.
Cornelia L. f. L. n., daughter of the consul of 87 BC, and wife of Julius Caesar.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Cinna, praetor in 44, was almost murdered by a mob after denouncing his former brother-in-law, Julius Caesar, after the latter's assassination.
Lucius Cornelius L. f. L. n. Cinna, quaestor of Publius Cornelius Dolabella against Brutus in 44 BC. He was probably suffect consul in 32 BC.
Gnaeus Cornelius L. f. L. n. Cinna Magnus, consul in AD 5, conspired against Augustus but was pardoned.
(Cornelia) Magna, sister of Cinna Magnus.
Cornelii Balbi
Lucius Cornelius Balbus, consul suffectus in 40 BC.
Publius Cornelius Balbus, brother of the consul of 40 BC.
Lucius Cornelius P. f. Balbus, proconsul of Africa in 21 BC, triumphed over the Garamantes.
Other Cornelii during the Republic
Aulus Cornelius, quaestor in 459 BC, attempted the prosecution of Marcus Volscius Fictor for his part in the exile of Caeso Quinctius.
Publius Cornelius Calussa, elected pontifex maximus circa 330 BC, without having first held any of the curule magistracies.
Publius Cornelius, praetor in 234 BC, received the province of Sardinia. While there, he and many of those under his command he became sick and died.
Gnaeus Cornelius, installed as flamen Dialis in 174 BC.
Gaius Cornelius M. f., a senator in 129 BC. He was possibly a son of Marcus Cornelius Cethegus, consul in 160, as the Cethegi were the only Cornelii to use the praenomen Gaius at this time.
Lucius Cornelius M. f., a senator in 129 BC. Despite having the same filiation, the two senators of 129 were not directly related, as Lucius belonged to the tribus Romilia and Gaius was from Stellatina.
Gnaeus Cornelius Cn. f., of the Palatina tribe, a councilor of the consul Pompeius Strabo in 89 BC, possibly a military tribune. He might be one of the Dolabellae, or the father of Lentulus Clodianus.
Cornelius, a scriba during the dictatorship of Sulla, was quaestor during that of Caesar.
Lucius Cornelius Chrysogonus, a freedman of Sulla who hunted the men proscribed by his master in 82 and 81 BC.
Cornelius Phagita, another freedman of Sulla, captured Caesar when he was proscribed in 82 BC.
Lucius Cornelius Alexander Polyhistor, a freedman of Greek origin, was a scholar, tutor, and writer on history and geography during the first half of the first century BC.
Gaius Cornelius, a quaestor serving under Pompeius, was tribune of the plebs in 67 BC.
Publius Cornelius, tribune of the plebs in 51 BC.
Cornelius, a centurion in the army of Octavian in 43 BC, sent to Rome to demand the consulship for their general.
Gaius Cornelius Gallus, poet, and prefect of Egypt in 30 BC.
Other Cornelii of imperial times
Cornelius Tlepolemus, a painter from Cibyra in Sicily, who came into the service of Verres. Cicero called him one of Verres' canes venatici, his hunting dogs.
Cornelius Nepos, a historian and contemporary of Cicero.
Cornelius Severus, poet during the time of Augustus.
Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a celebrated Latin writer on medicine, probably during the early part of the first century AD.
Cornelius Tuscus, a historian spoken of by Seneca the Elder, who accused Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus of majestas in AD 34.
Cornelius Fuscus, a Roman general and supporter of Vespasian.
Cornelius Fuscus, probably son of the general, the addressee of the younger Pliny.
Cornelius Martialis, served in the army of Titus Flavius Sabinus, and perished in the burning of the Capitol, in AD 69.
Cornelius Laco, prefect of the Praetorian Guard under the emperor Galba, AD 69.
Cornelius Rufus, a man whose house was found in Pompeii.
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, one of the most celebrated Roman historians, who chronicled the first century of the Empire.
Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus, consul in AD 99 and 109, put to death by Hadrian in AD 117.
Servius Cornelius, a jurist in the time of Hadrian.
Lucius Cornelius Pusio Annius Messalla, consul suffectus in either AD 72 or 73.
Lucius Cornelius Pusio Annius Messala, consul in AD 90 and son of the homonymous consul.
Quintus Cornelius Senecio Annianus, consul suffectus in AD 142. His brother, Proculus, was consul four years later.
Marcus Cornelius Fronto, a famous orator, and consul suffectus in AD 143.
Quintus Cornelius Proculus, the brother of Annianus, was consul suffectus in AD 146.
Quintus Cornelius Quadratus, consul in AD 147 and brother of the orator.
Gnaeus Cornelius Severus, consul in AD 152.
Sextus Cornelius Repentinus, praetorian prefect from AD 160 to 167.
Cornelius Repentinus, praefectus urbi, son of the praetorian prefect, and son-in-law of the emperor Didius Julianus.
Julia Cornelia Paula, empress and first wife of the emperor Elagabalus, from AD 219 to 220.
Titus Cornelius Celsus, one of the Thirty Tyrants (Roman) enumerated by Trebellius Pollio in the Augustan History.
Publius Cornelius Saecularis, consul circa AD 240, and again in 260.
Cornelia Salonina, empress and wife of the emperor Gallienus, from AD 253 to 268.
Publius Licinius Cornelius Valerianus, otherwise known as "Valerian II", the son and heir of Gallienus.
Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus, another son of Gallienus, who elevated him to the rank of Augustus, making him the emperor Saloninus.
See also
List of Roman gentes
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
Ancient sources
Marcus Tullius Cicero, Brutus, De Officiis, De Oratore, Epistulae ad Atticum, Epistulae ad Familiares, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem, In Verrem, Philippicae, Pro Lege Manilia, Pro Sulla.
Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), Bellum Catilinae (The Conspiracy of Catiline), Historiae (The Histories).
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica (Library of History).
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (Horace), Ars Poëtica (The Art of Poetry).
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia (Roman Antiquities).
Titus Livius (Livy), History of Rome.
Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings).
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Elder), Suasoriae (Rhetorical Exercises).
Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger), Ad Marciam, De Consolatione (To Marcia, on Consolation), De Clementia (On Clemency).
Gaius Plinius Secundus (Pliny the Elder), Historia Naturalis (Natural History).
Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Pliny the Younger), Epistulae (Letters).
Sextus Julius Frontinus, De Aquaeductu (On Aqueducts).
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (Quintilian), Institutio Oratoria (Institutes of Oratory).
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, Historiae.
Plutarchus, Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans.
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars).
Lucius Annaeus Florus, Epitome de T. Livio Bellorum Omnium Annorum DCC (Epitome of Livy: All the Wars of Seven Hundred Years).
Appianus Alexandrinus (Appian), Bella Mithridatica (The Mithridatic Wars),
Lucius Ampelius, Liber Memorialis.
Cassius Dio, Roman History.
Aelius Lampridius, Aelius Spartianus, Flavius Vopiscus, Julius Capitolinus, Trebellius Pollio, and Vulcatius Gallicanus, Historia Augusta (Augustan History).
Paulus Orosius, Historiarum Adversum Paganos (History Against the Pagans).
Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, Saturnalia.
Fasti Siculi.
Modern sources
Johann Caspar von Orelli, Onomasticon Tullianum, Orell Füssli, Zürich (1826–1838).
Gennaro Riccio, Le Monete delle Antiche Famiglie di Roma, Fino allo Imperadore Augusto Inclusivamente Co’Suoi Zecchieri dette Comunemente Consolari (The Coins of the Ancient Families of Rome, up to the Emperor Augustus, Including Mintmasters Representing the Consuls), Naples (1836).
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
Theodor Mommsen et alii, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated CIL), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
Wilhelm Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum (Collection of Greek Inscriptions, abbreviated SIG), Leipzig (1883).
George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII (1897).
Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898).
Friedrich Münzer, Römische Adelsparteien und Adelsfamilien (Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families), Stuttgart, 1920.
Harold Mattingly, Edward A. Sydenham, C. H. V. Sutherland, The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. I, from 31 BC to AD 69, London, Spink & Son, 1923–1984.
T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952–1986).
Victor Ehrenberg and A. H. M. Jones, Documents Illustrating the Reigns of Augustus & Tiberius, Clarendon Press, Oxford (2nd ed. 1955).
Jaakko Suolahti, The Roman Censors, a study on social structure, Helsinki, Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia (1963).
Robert K. Sherk, "The Text of the Senatus Consultum De Agro Pergameno", in Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, vol. 7, pp. 361–369 (1966).
Michael Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage, Cambridge University Press (1974, 2001).
Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen, Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn (1977).
Paul A. Gallivan, "The Fasti for A.D. 70–96", in Classical Quarterly, vol. 31, pp. 186–220 (1981).
Filippo Coarelli, "La doppia tradizione sulla morte di Romolo e gli auguracula dell'Arx e del Quirinale", Gli Etruschi e Roma: atti dell'incontro di studio in onore di Massimo Pallottino, Rome, 1981, pp. 173–188.
Giuseppe Camodeca: "I consoli des 55–56 e un nuovo collega di seneca nel consolato: P. Cornelius Dolabella" (The Consuls of 55–56 and a New Colleague of Seneca in the Consulate: P. Cornelius Dolabella), in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, vol. 63, pp. 201–215 (1986).
Mika Kajava, Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women, Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae (1994).
John C. Traupman, The New College Latin & English Dictionary, Bantam Books, New York (1995).
Filippo Coarelli, Revixit ars. Arte ideologia a Roma. Dai modelli ellenistici alla tradizione repubblicana, Quasar, 1996.
Francis X. Ryan, Rank and Participation in the Republican Senate, Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag (1998).
Patrick Tansey, "The Perils of Prosopography: The Case of the Cornelii Dolabellae", in Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, vol. 130 (2000).
Filippo Coarelli, "I ritratti di ‘Mario’ e ‘Silla’ a Monaco e il sepolcro degli Scipioni", Eutopia nuova serie, II/ 1, 2002, pp. 47–75.
Jörg Rüpke, Anne Glock, David Richardson (translator), Fasti Sacerdotum: A Prosopography of Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Religious Officials in the City of Rome, 300 BC to AD 499, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Henri Etcheto, Les Scipions. Famille et pouvoir à Rome à l’époque républicaine, Bordeaux, Ausonius Éditions, 2012.
Roman gentes |
Sami Schalk is an associate professor in the Department of Gender & Women's Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. She was previously an Assistant Professor in the English Department at the University at Albany, SUNY.
In 2019 she started the campaign #twerkwithlizzo, combining fun with larger issues relating to racism, sexism and fatphobia as a form of "pleasure activism". Her twerking with Lizzo went viral.
Cultural significance
Schalk twerked with Lizzo onstage on October 10, 2019. She twerked onstage with Janelle Monáe on the Age of Pleasure tour in Indianapolis, Indiana, on September 10, 2023. She talked with Jonathan Van Ness on his Getting Curious podcast in an episode from October 26, 2022, about Black disability politics.
Education
Schalk received her B.A. in English & Women's Studies in 2008, with a minor in Disability Studies, from Miami University, and her M.F.A. in Creative Writing from the University of Notre Dame in 2010. She received her PhD in Gender Studies from Indiana University in 2014.
Publications
Schalk has published numerous journal articles, book chapters, essays, reviews, and popular articles. In 2018, she published a monograph titled Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women’s Speculative Fiction. In 2022, she published the book Black Disability Politics. Her books were published through Duke University Press.
References
External links
Bodyminds Reimagined: (Dis)ability, Race, and Gender in Black Women's Speculative Fiction, 2018
Black Disability Politics, 2022
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Living people
Disability studies academics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women's studies academics
American women non-fiction writers
University at Albany, SUNY faculty |
```c++
//
// file LICENSE or copy at path_to_url
#include "set_insdel_func.h"
#include "set_type_split_list.h"
namespace set {
CDSSTRESS_SplitListSet( Set_InsDel_func_LF, run_test, size_t, value )
CDSSTRESS_SplitListIterableSet( Set_InsDel_func_LF, run_test, size_t, value )
} // namespace set
``` |
The 2023–24 season is Willem II's 128th season in existence and second consecutive in the Eerste Divisie. They will also compete in the KNVB Cup.
Players
First-team squad
Transfers
In
Out
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overall record
Eerste Divisie
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
The league fixtures were unveiled on 30 June 2023.
KNVB Cup
References
External links
Willem II |
Alyssa Black is an American politician serving as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives for the Chittenden-8-3 district. Elected in November 2020, she assumed office on January 6, 2021.
Early life and education
Born and raised in Fredonia, New York, Black graduated from Fredonia High School. She attended the University of Vermont.
Career
Outside of politics, Black works as a healthcare administrator for a medical practice in Williston, Vermont. She was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives in November 2020 and assumed office on January 6, 2021.
Personal life
Black and her ex-husband, Rob, had three children. In 2018, Black's son, Andrew, committed suicide the same day he purchased a handgun. Since then, Black has advocated for legislation that would require waiting periods between firearm purchases and possession.
References
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Vermont House of Representatives
Women state legislators in Vermont
People from Fredonia, New York
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Type 95 was a Japanese scout car built by , and was used during the war with China and World War II in the East. Between 1936 and 1944 approximately 4,700 were built. It was the only completely Japanese designed reconnaissance car ever used by the Imperial Japanese Army, which tended to use civilian cars. Its nickname is the "Yonki" (よんき) which in Japanese means "all-wheel drive". In the field, soldiers often called it the "daruma" after the Buddhist symbol for good luck.
It is one of the world's first four-wheel drive passenger vehicle placed into mass production, just prior to the GAZ-61 (1938) and Willys MB "jeep" (1941).
The Type 95 accommodated three persons - two in the front and one in the back. The two-cylinder, V-twin, four-stroke, air-cooled gasoline engine, which developed at 3,300 rpm, was an advantage in cold climates found in China, and had 4-wheel drive, using a gearshift activated transfer case to engage the front wheels. It was manufactured without weapons and unarmored. It had advantages over the Type 97 motorcycle used by the Japanese Army, which had much less off-road mobility, and so limited troop mobility. It had tall wheels which helped it to travel over rough terrain, mud and snow.
History
It was conceived in 1934 by the Japanese Imperial Army as a small rough terrain vehicle to do reconnaissance, deliver messages to the field, and transport personnel. The military asked Toyota, Hatsudoki Seizo, Rikuo Internal Combustion Engine, and Okamoto to collaborate with Kurogane to design and manufacture the new vehicle. Toyota MVD was building the Toyota G1, and Okamoto Bicycle and Automobile Manufacturing, was manufacturing bicycles for the Imperial Japanese Navy and was absorbed into Toyota in 1972. The prototype was the result, using a Japanese-built internal combustion engine. Mass-production began in 1936. At the time, military operations in Mainland China and Southeast Asia, a mass-produced military vehicle equipped with Japan's first four-wheel drive mechanism, increased mobility in the area's rough terrain. In 1934, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries had internally developed a prototype, four-door, four-wheel-drive sedan for personnel transport, called the Mitsubishi PX33, which was powered by a 6.7-litre four-cylinder diesel engine. Four prototypes were built before the project was cancelled.
The United States Willys MB offered off-road ability and increased ground clearance, combined with a light truck approach to construction. The German Army had the Kübelwagen, a rear-wheel drive air-cooled vehicle based on the Volkswagen Type 1. The Type 95 was developed as a passenger car as a better alternative to motorcycle personnel transport, with four-wheel-drive advantages over the with a side car and the Type 97 motorcycle (a licensed copy of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle). Lightweight dirt bikes had not been invented yet.
In the 1930s, Japan's manufacturing infrastructure was less advanced than those of the US and Europe, and military manufacturing focused on ships and aircraft by Japan's premiere industrial manufacturer Mitsubishi, and armament and tank production by Mitsubishi's zaibatsu partners. Aircraft were largely built by Mitsubishi, Tachikawa Aircraft Company, and the Nakajima Aircraft Company which built most of the aircraft. Limited raw materials were also devoted to higher priorities. The goal was to build 5,000 Type 95 in a supporting role, largely by hand and without an assembly line.
This car was first used in the Nomonhan Incident, and later during the Pacific War and "Greater East Asia War" for its primary purpose, as well to carry mainland Army and Navy officer flagship passengers as a 4-door version. The front grille had the Imperial Japanese Army's five-pointed star which signified sakura ("cherry blossom"), which has special cultural significance. 4,775 cars were built with some minor changes, such as mechanical and body adjustments. Production ended in 1944.
Development
The inventor of the four wheel drive and the engine used in the Type 95 is also the founder of the Japanese Internal Combustion Engine Company, Tetsuji Makita. Mr. Makita was one of Japan's first automobile engineers during the 1920s-1930s, and worked with Toyogawa Hayataya, who built the first automobile in Japan called the "Otomo" which was built by "Hakuyosha Ironworks, Inc." one of the first Japanese automobile manufacturers. Mr. Makita and the Japan Internal Combustion Engine Company had been at the time established as a leading manufacturer of the Japanese market automobiles, Auto rickshaws, and motorized tricycles, competing initially with Datsun and Mazda, with Mitsubishi and The Hope Automobile Company (later reorganized as Suzuki) after the war. To set themselves as leading-edge Japanese manufacturers, the term "New Era" was used to advertise new, in-house developed engines in 1926, to coincide with the end of the Emperor Taishō era that ushered in the Emperor Shōwa era. Through a series of company reorganizations, the company was later renamed Kurogane (The word is an old term for iron).
The width of the vehicles was originally set at , but to better cope with the center of gravity compared to the jeep and Schwimmwagen it was enhanced to . It had a narrow steel cruciform ladder frame chassis, and a wheelbase. The rear axle was a solid differential, with a semi-elliptical leaf spring suspension, the front wheels used coil springs and a double wishbone independent front suspension to enhance off road agility. The transmission had three forward speeds and one reverse gear that powered the rear wheels. A transfer case was used to temporarily engage the front wheels when necessary. Drum brakes were used on the rear wheels only, and it had a gas tank with for reserve, achieving . Its top speed on paved roads was , with a driving range of . To keep production and maintenance simple, universal joints were used to engage the front wheels.
During development, a horizontally opposed engine had been considered due to the harsh, cold conditions of Manchuria where the car would be deployed initially. The vehicle needed to be durable and easy to maintain, and a flat engine had advantages in the torque production needed to operate all four wheels. Air cooling also solved the problem of available cooling water and engine ruggedness. Kurogane also manufactured motorcycles, and keeping the engine as air-cooled helped with parts availability. The engine used for production was a Kurogane V1-AF motorcycle engine, with a bank angle of 45°, a V-type 2-cylinder OHV forced air-cooled engine with an engine displacement of 1.3 – 1.4 L developing at 3,300rpm. It was a simple design, while the British made Sunbeam Motorcycle may have been used in reference to its development. The Japan Internal Combustion Engine Company was building three-wheeler trucks and motorcycles, using a single-cylinder engine of their "JAC” brand “Zaimasu" model motorcycle (zaimasu means “I will be there”) as the base engine used to develop the V2 engine. The front grille had a small hole to insert a handcrank to manually start the engine should the starter or battery fail.
In the prototype development stage, it was originally an air-cooled single-cylinder, borrowing from their current motorcycle products, but a V-twin engine proved more practical. To aid in cooling, a forced air-cooling system used a propeller fan to further direct airflow across the cylinders without an encased cooling shroud, and it used a dry sump oil lubrication design. The carburetor was copied from a Wheeler-Schebler Carburetor Company design in a single barrel carburetor that was placed in the center behind the V-bank, distributing to the left and right cylinder bank, through a crossflow cylinder head. The engine was suspended above the front wheel differential and in front of the transmission. This arrangement gave the vehicle a higher center of gravity, helping to keep the engine out of river crossing conditions, with the disadvantage of higher engine vibration than a horizontally opposed engine layout. This trade-off met the primary goals set before the development team. Manufacturing was simple thanks to the symmetrical implementation with the engine directly in front of the transmission, with a transfer case providing power to the front wheels installed directly below the engine. Because assembly was almost by hand, minor changes were made to various aspects of the car as the need arose, with the early prototype two-door enclosed sedan evolving into a roadster. While some vehicles over time had body changes, many of the production cars were not installed with doors, and the canvas roof for the two-door and four-door vehicles aided in reducing overall weight and adding flexibility to conditions in the field.
Versions
Some vehicles were modified in the field by front seat passengers opening the top hinged passenger side windshield up and using a light machine gun such as the Type 11 light machine gun, the Type 96 light machine gun, or the Type 99 light machine gun similar to a motorcycle sidecar. Because of its small size and weight, it was able to fit inside Japanese manufactured Kokusai Ku-8 airplane and deploying glider Airborne troops, specifically the Teishin gliding infantry regiment, and some cars also used an Autocannon machine gun.
There were several significant upgrades and design changes from the prototype to the final models build in 1944.
1935 prototype: Engine displacement 1200cc; Body styles: roadster and enclosed 2-door sedan; Rectangular front grille allows airflow to cool the engine; No bumper; Body on chassis frame.
Production type A: produced 1937-1938. Engine displacement 1300cc; 3-person roadster type; Oval grille; Bumper.
Production type B: produced 1939-1943; Engine displacement 1400cc; 4-person Phaeton type; Production volume most models; Square grille.
Four-door prototype: 4-door that has been only one trial in 1939 Phaeton type. Wheelbase has an extended door of the original 2-door type; it is supposed that it was water-cooled to increase durability and engine efficiency. Square grille.
Production type C: produced in 1944; engine displacement 1400cc; air-cooled; 2-person pickup truck.
Extant examples
Between four and seven examples are known to exist:
1939 model discovered in 2013 in a repair shop in Kyoto. It was extensively restored at the request of Masahiko Kobayashi, at a cost of (approximately at 2016 exchange rates) which was crowd-funded, and was added to a Japanese military museum. The unveiling of the restored car with running engine is shown on video at the NHK World website.
1941 model displayed at the Motorcar Museum of Japan
Unknown vintage at Retro Auto Museum in Moscow, Russia
Unknown vintage model located in private hands in Pennsylvania, USA
Unknown vintage model, in advance stages of decay on Babelthuap Island (Babeldaob) Palau (Republic of Palau, Belau, Pelew)
See also
Tokyu Corporation
Ohta Jidosha
Mitsubishi PX33
References
Off-road vehicles
ATVs
All-wheel-drive vehicles
World War II vehicles of Japan
Military light utility vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1930s
Reconnaissance vehicles of Japan
Reconnaissance vehicles of World War II
World War II scout cars
Wheeled reconnaissance vehicles |
Frans Alphons Maria Alting von Geusau (born 26 June 1933 in Bilthoven) is a Dutch legal scholar and diplomat.
He has a law degree from the University of Leiden and attended the College of Europe 1958-1959. He earned a doctorate in 1962, and founded the Dutch program of youth volunteers (Jongeren Vrijwilligers Programma) the following year.
He was Professor of International Law at the University of Tilburg from 1965 to 1998. He has been a visiting professor at MIT, Harvard University, the University of Cambridge and the University of Michigan.
He was also an advisor on international law and diplomat for the Dutch government. He was Vice President of the European Cultural Foundation from 1984 to 1992, and has been active within Aid to the Church in Need.
Works
Economic relations after the Kennedy Round. 1969
The Lome convention and a new international economic order. 1969
The Future of the international monetary system. 1970
European perspectives on world order. 1975
Uncertain détente. 1979
The Pacific Rim and the Western world: strategic, economic, and cultural perspectives. 1987
Beyond containment and division : Western cooperation from a post-totalitarian perspective. 1992
Realism and moralism in international relations: essays in honor of Frans A.M. Alting von Geusau. 1998
Cultural Diplomacy: waging war by other means? 2009
The Illusions of Détente. 2009
Western Cooperation. Origins and History. 2009
European Unification into the Twenty First Century: Fading, Failing, Fragile? 2012
References
1933 births
Living people
College of Europe alumni
20th-century Dutch diplomats
Dutch legal scholars
Leiden University alumni
Academic staff of Tilburg University
People from De Bilt |
Porcellio scaber (otherwise known as the common rough woodlouse or simply rough woodlouse), is a species of woodlouse native to Europe but with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are often found in large numbers in most regions, with many species (shrews, centipedes, toads, spiders and even some birds) preying on them.
Taxonomy
One subspecies, Porcellio scaber lusitanus, is currently recognized. Two other subspecies were historically deemed valid but are no longer recognized. P. s. americanus, described in 1932, was considered endemic the Americas. P. s. japonicus was described in 1928 and believed to be endemic to Japan. Both subspecies were synonymized with the nominate in 2020.
Distribution
Porcellio scaber is found across Central and Western Europe. In the United Kingdom, it is one of the "big five" species of woodlice. It has also colonised North America, South Africa and other regions including the remote sub-Antarctic Marion island, largely through human activity. It is also the most common species of woodlice found in Australia.
Description
Porcellio scaber has an oval body, can grow up to long, and is usually a grey colour, paler underneath, although, brown, blue, yellow, orange, or pinkish hues may also be observed. The dorsal (upper) surface of its segmented exoskeleton is covered in a series of small tubercles hence its common name.
At the head it has two pairs of antennae, with the inner pair being very small. Two compound eyes are located on the dorsal side of the head, while the mouthparts are on the ventral (lower) side.
There are 7 pairs of legs, corresponding to the 7 segments of the thorax. The short abdomen consists of 6 segments. On the ventral side of the abdomen there are two whitish pseudo-lungs, connected with pores to the outside air. At the rear end there is a small telson flanked by a pair of appendages known as uropods.
Habitat
Porcellio scaber loses water by diffusion through its permeable exoskeleton which lacks a waxy cuticle. Because of this, to avoid desiccation, it often seeks out environments with humid air and plenty of ground moisture, preferably cold to minimize rate of water loss, and dark to avoid detection by predators. It lives in a wide variety of damp habitats but it is less dependent on high levels of humidity than Oniscus asellus.
Feeding
Porcellio scaber is a detritivore – it mainly feeds on decaying leaf litter but will consume any rotting plant matter. Living plants are of limited nutritional value for these woodlice which prefer to feed on the bacteria and fungi which cause decay. P. scaber has very sensitive olfactory receptors that allow it detect the smell of microbial activity and to locate food.
Life cycle
The females carry about 25 to 90 fertilized eggs until they hatch and are held in a fluid-filled sac at the ventral side of the abdomen for about 40–50 days. The young are reproductively mature after 3 months; the adult animals have a life expectancy of about two years.
Behaviour
Porcellio scaber respond to certain stimuli with kinesis behaviour. To attempt to find an environment where they lose less moisture and then stay there, P. scaber alter factors such as speed and rate of turning (orthokinesis and klinokinesis). When in a dry or hot environment, these woodlice have been observed increasing speed and turn more often in an attempt to leave the unfavorable environment. In a moist, dark, cool environment, they slow down dramatically and often stop altogether. To avoid desiccation, most woodlice (including P. scaber) exhibit thigmokinesis, slowing down or stopping when in contact with multiple surfaces (such as the corner of a box or a crack between two bricks). This behaviour leads to clumping of woodlice, reducing the exposed surface area through which water can be lost. Another manifestation of this is that a woodlouse in a Petri dish is unwilling to move into the center of the dish, preferring to stay near the edge.
Another reflex exhibited by P. scaber is turn alternation. During klinokinesis, turns alternate between left and right. This helps the woodlouse escape from a harmful environment or predator more efficiently as alternating turns average to form a straight line, unlike random turns which may well become a circle back to the predator. Several mechanisms for this have been proposed, such as short-term memory or following the outside wall, but the theory with most support is the bilateral asymmetrical leg movement (BALM) mechanism, which suggests that on the original turn, the legs on the outside of the turn become relatively more tired, so end up being overpowered by the legs on the inside of the turn, causing it to turn the opposite way from last time.
Unlike the 'roller' species of woodlouse, such as Armadillidium spp., which are able to curl into a ball to defend themselves, P. scaber is a 'clinger' and adopts a posture of tonic immobility when faced with the threat of predation. A study of this thanatosis behaviour found that individuals of this species had unique personalities with shy woodlice staying still for longer and bold woodlice staying immobile for less time.
Algorithm
Inspired by the behaviours of P. scaber, an algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems was proposed, called the Porcellio scaber algorithm (PSA).
See also
List of woodlice of the British Isles
References
External links
Porcellionidae
Woodlice of Europe
Crustaceans described in 1804
Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille |
"Glory to God" is a Christmas carol popular among American and Canadian Reformed churches that have Dutch roots. It is translated from the Dutch "Ere Zij God" and is one of the most beloved carols sung in Protestant churches in the Netherlands.
The lyrics are inspired by the words that the angels sang when the birth of Christ was announced to shepherds in . The song first appeared in print in 1857 in the hymnal Het nachtegaaltje (The little nightingale), compiled and written by lyricist Isaac Bikkers (1833-1903).
The hymn is thus one of a series that have drawn on that text, including Angels We Have Heard on High, Angels from the Realms of Glory, While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks, and, by far the most ancient, the Greater Doxology or Gloria in Excelsis Deo.
The music is attributed to F.A. Schultz, of whom little is known except for references by others that a Franz Albert Schultz wrote a song book while working at a college in Königsberg in 1731. No copies of this book are extant. The music is grandiose in style, in the A-B-A form, with an extended, flowing double-Amen ending.
Lyrics
Glory to God! Glory to God!
In the highest, in the highest, in the highest!
Peace be on Earth, peace be on Earth
To the people whom God delights in.
Glory to God in the highest, glory to God in the highest!
Peace be on Earth, peace be on Earth, peace be on Earth, peace be on Earth
To the people, to the people whom God delights in,
To the people whom God delights in, whom God delights in.
Glory to God! Glory to God!
In the highest, in the highest, in the highest!
Peace be on Earth, peace be on Earth
To the people whom God delights in.
Amen. Amen.
References
External links
Glory to God, at the Sluys of Life website
Ere Zij God
Bibliography
Dutch songbook "Kun je nog zingen, zing dan mee!"
Christmas carols
Christian hymns in Dutch
Protestant hymns
19th-century hymns |
Megachile ocellifera is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1918.
References
Ocellifera
Insects described in 1918 |
TEL-JAK2 is a gene fusion resulting from a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 12 observed in human leukemia. The 5' moiety of TEL is fused to the 3' end of JAK2.
The oligomerisation domain of the TEL protein (also called ETV6) becomes juxtaposed to the tyrosine kinase domain of JAK2, and as result the TEL-JAK2 displays constitutive kinase activity.
References
External links
Genes on human chromosome 9
Genes on human chromosome 12 |
Hari Dhakal () is a Nepalese politician and member of the Rastriya Swatantra Party. He was elected to the House of Representative in 2022 from Chitwan-1.
References
Rastriya Swatantra Party politicians
Nepal MPs 2022–present
1983 births
Living people |
Kingswells/Sheddocksley/Summerhill is an electoral ward in Aberdeen. It is one of the thirteen wards used to elect members of the Aberdeen City Council and is currently represented by Steve Delaney of the Liberal Democrats, David John Cameron of the Scottish National Party and Kate Blake of the Labour Party.
Councillors
Election results
2022 election
Elections in the 2010s
References
Wards of Aberdeen |
Magnolia liliiflora is a small tree native to southwest China (in Sichuan and Yunnan), but cultivated for centuries elsewhere in China and also Japan. Variously known by many names, including Mulan magnolia, purple magnolia, red magnolia, lily magnolia, tulip magnolia and woody-orchid, it was first introduced to English-speaking countries from cultivated Japanese origins, and is thus also sometimes called Japanese magnolia, though it is not native to Japan. It is now also planted as an ornamental in North America and Europe, though rather less often than its popular hybrid (see below).
It is a deciduous shrub, exceptionally a small tree, to 4m tall (smaller than most other magnolias), and blooms profusely in early spring with large pink to purple showy flowers, before the leaf buds open. It is one of the slowest-growing trees, with a growth rate of 15 - 30 centimeters (6-12 in) when young.
The cultivar 'Nigra', with flowers much deeper in colour than the species, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It prefers an acid or neutral soil, in full sun or light shade.
This species is one of the parents of the popular hybrid saucer magnolia, M. × soulangeana, the other parent being the Yulan magnolia, M. denudata.
References
External links
liliiflora
Ornamental trees |
Rock Zottegem is a music festival organized annually in Zottegem, Belgium.
The first edition took place in 1994. Through the years, it evaluated from a small free event in the city center of Zottegem to a mid-size festival outside the center. Since 2005, the format changed to a two-day (and occasionally three-day) festival, hosting up to 30,000 visitors.
International artists like James Brown, Iggy Pop, Toto, ZZ Top, Elvis Costello and Deep Purple headlined Rock Zottegem.
Editions
External links
Official site Rock Zottegem
References
Rock festivals in Belgium
Music festivals established in 1994
Summer events in Belgium
Pop music festivals |
Events from the year 1945 in South Korea.((To see what happened before the liberation of Korea on August 15, see 1945 in Korea.)
United States Army Military Government in Korea
Military Governor:
Archer L. Lerch (starting December 1945)
Events
August
August 15 -Transfer of power happens in 9 a.m from the Japanese to Lyuh Woon-hyung(head of the people's republic) in Seoul(This decision was rescinded after the Soviets do not go further down all the way to Seoul.Japan takes back control in August 20th). Korea liberated after the broadcast of the surrender speech of Japanese Emperor Showa.
August 16- Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence (CPKI) is founded by Lyuh Woon-hyung.
September
September 7- The american forces announces the establishment of the United States Army Military Government in Korea.
September 8-The American military led by Commanding general John R. Hodge arrives in Incheon.
September 9- The American forces take control of Seoul.The Japanese officially surrenders control of korea to american forces.The Chōsen Broadcasting Corporation is renamed as the Korean Broadcasting System.
September 11-The Kyongui line officially ceases operation due to the division of korea.
September 16 -Korea Democratic Party is founded..
September 20- English becomes the official language of the United States Army Military Government in Korea.
October
October 16-Syngman Rhee returns to Korea.
December
December 27-A misreport regarding the results of the Moscow conference of 1945 happens causing mass confusion among the issue of trusteeship.
See also
List of Korean films of 1919–1948
References
1945 in South Korea
South Korea
Years of the 20th century in South Korea
1940s in South Korea
South Korea |
USS Sanderling is a name the United States Navy has used more than once in naming its vessels:
, a minesweeper commissioned in 1918, decommissioned 1922.
, a minesweeper placed in service in 1941, disposed of in 1944.
USS Sanderling, intended to be minesweeper AM-410, but the contract for her construction was cancelled in 1945.
, a minesweeper, commissioned 1944, decommissioned 1957.
References
United States Navy ship names |
The Chhattisgarh football team is an Indian football team representing Chhattisgarh in Indian state football competitions including the Santosh Trophy.
References
Santosh Trophy teams
Football in Chhattisgarh |
Maqasid al Falasifa (), or The Aims of the Philosophers was written by Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazali. Influenced by Avicenna's works, he wrote this book presenting the basic theories of philosophy. In this book, he explained in detail about what philosophy is and described basic entities like judgement, concept, premise and logic. Al-Ghazali stated that one must be well versed in the ideas of the philosophers before setting out to refute their ideas. He also stated that he did not find other branches of philosophy including physics, logic, astronomy or mathematics problematic.
After writing Maqasid al Falasifa, he wrote another book Tahāfut al-Falāsifa, criticizing the Avicennian school of early Islamic philosophy.
Influence
This book was influential in Europe and was one of the first to be translated from Arabic to Latin (12th century). A portion of the book is also translated into Hebrew and English. Muhammad Hanif Nadvi translated it into Urdu and is titled "Qadim Unani Falsafa" (Ancient Greek Philosophy).
See also
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
References
Books about Islam
Sufism
Sufi literature
12th-century books
Persian literature
Books by Al-Ghazali |
```javascript
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
class MyError extends Error { }
RegExp.prototype.exec = () => { throw new MyError() };
assertThrows(() => "foo".match(/bar/), MyError);
``` |
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