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Waconda USD 272 is a public unified school district headquartered in Cawker City, Kansas, United States. The district includes the communities of Cawker City, Downs, Glen Elder, Tipton, and nearby rural areas.
Schools
The school district operates the following schools:
Lakeside Junior-Senior High School in Downs.
Lakeside Elementary School in Cawker City.
Lakeside Elementary was formerly known as Cawker City Elementary School, and it received its current name in 2015.
Former
Schools previously in operation:
High schools:
Downs High School (Downs)
Waconda East High School (Cawker City)
Junior high schools:
Downs Junior High School (Downs)
Glen Elder Junior High School (Glen Elder)
Tipton Junior High School (Tipton)
Primary schools:
Downs Elementary School
Glen Elder Elementary School
Tipton Elementary School
See also
Kansas State Department of Education
Kansas State High School Activities Association
List of high schools in Kansas
List of unified school districts in Kansas
References
External links
School districts in Kansas
Education in Mitchell County, Kansas
Osborne County, Kansas |
Cosmopterix ingeniosa is a moth of the family Cosmopterigidae. It is known from India.
References
ingeniosa |
The 29th Golden Disc Awards ceremony was held on January 14–15, 2015, at the MasterCard Center in Beijing, China. It was the third time the event had been hosted outside South Korea, following ceremonies in Japan in 2012 and Malaysia in 2013. Kim Sung-joo, Kim Jong-kook and Fei served as hosts on the first day, with Jun Hyun-moo, Leeteuk and Tiffany on the second.
Winners and nominees
Main awards
Winners and nominees are listed in alphabetical order. Winners are listed first and emphasized in bold.
Special awards
Controversy
Due to visa issues, several artists were unable to perform onstage during the ceremony, including members of Beast, Got7 and BTS. The organisers apologised for the error afterwards. The show also drew criticism for not being broadcast live in South Korea, with only a recorded version available on JTBC; the sole livestream was hosted on Chinese video platform iQiyi.
References
2015 in South Korean music
2015 music awards
Golden Disc Awards ceremonies |
```go
package migrations
import (
"context"
"database/sql"
"github.com/pressly/goose/v3"
)
func init() {
goose.AddMigrationContext(Up20200419222708, Down20200419222708)
}
func Up20200419222708(_ context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
notice(tx, "A full rescan will be performed to change the search behaviour")
return forceFullRescan(tx)
}
func Down20200419222708(_ context.Context, tx *sql.Tx) error {
return nil
}
``` |
The 1979–80 WHL season was the 14th season for the Western Hockey League. Eleven teams completed a 72-game season. The Regina Pats won the President's Cup.
League notes
The Edmonton Oil Kings relocated to Great Falls, Montana to become the Great Falls Americans, however the team only lasted 28 games, as the Americans ceased operations on December 16, 1979.
The WHL abandoned the three division format, opting instead for a two division format of eight teams in the East and four in the West.
Regular season
Final standings
1Folded mid-season
Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes
1980 WHL Playoffs
First round
Regina defeated Lethbridge 4 games to 0
Brandon defeated Calgary 4 games to 3
Medicine Hat defeated Billings 4 games to 3
Division semi-finals
Round Robin format
Medicine Hat (3–1) advanced
Regina (2–2) advanced
Brandon (1–3) eliminated
Victoria (5–3) advanced
Seattle (4–4) advanced
Portland (3–5) eliminated
Division finals
Regina defeated Medicine Hat 4 games to 1
Victoria defeated Seattle 4 games to 0
WHL Championship
Regina defeated Victoria 4 games to 1
All-Star game
There was no All-Star game in 1979–80.
WHL awards
All-Star Teams
See also
1980 Memorial Cup
1980 NHL Entry Draft
1979 in sports
1980 in sports
References
whl.ca
2005–06 WHL Guide
Western Hockey League seasons
WCHL
WCHL |
Jack Radey (born 1947, Chicago, Illinois) is an American military historian and wargame designer. He set up People's War Games. He was a draft resister, and activist in the Vietnam anti-war movement.
He became interested in wargames when his school friend, David D. Friedman taught him how to play Tactics II. Radey related how Friedman and himself wrote to Charles S. Roberts claiming that they had found a first turn winning strategy foreach of the two sides. Roberts replied that their interpretation of the rules was valid. He later moved to Merced, California where he graduated in 1964.
Jack also developed an early interest in politics: his mother's family were refugees from the Nazi regime in Germany. He was influenced by both the Civil Rights Movement and the Cuban Revolution, and went to work for the Communist Party of the United States of America both as a chauffeur/body guard for Gus Hall as well as for their education department. In 1964 he went to the University of California in Berkeley where he was involved with the Berkeley Free Speech Movement, getting arrested during the Sproul Hall sit-in.
Radey's political sympathies influenced his decision to publish his first game Korsun Pocket, which dealt with the Soviet Union's Red Army's victory at the Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket. When interviewed by Fire & Movement he denied that his sympathies made his game biased, but rather condemned writers such as Paul Carell and Simulations Publications, Inc. for bias. He argued that the role of a wargame designer was to "teach something real about history" and said he hoped that the wargaming hobby would "promote peace not war and treat history with the respect it deserves". Radey also said that he supported the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan which had started at the end of 1979.
Games
The following games by Radey were published by People's War Games:
1979 Korsun Pocket: Little Stalingrad on the Dnepr – January 25th to February 17th, 1944
1982 Black Sea Black Death
1983 Kirovograd
1983 Aachen
1985 Duel for Kharkov
1997 Operation Spark: the Relief of Leningrad 1943
Books
The Defense of Moscow 1941: The Northern Flank (with Charles Sharp) (2012)
References
1947 births
Living people
American communists
American game designers
Board game designers |
The Nikanassin Range is a group of mountain ranges in the Canadian Rockies on the eastern edge of Jasper National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is developed south-east of the Fiddle Range, and one of the front ranges. Nikanassin means "first range" in Cree.
The range has an extent of , with a length of from north-west to south-east, and a width of . Its highest point is Blackface Mountain, with a height of .
Numerous seams of coal are found in this range, with past and present mines at Cadomin, Mountain Park and Luscar.
The range gives the name to the Nikanassin Formation, a stratigraphical unit of late Jurassic age that has its stratotype in this region.
Peaks
See also
Ranges of the Canadian Rockies
References
Ranges of the Canadian Rockies
Mountain ranges of Alberta |
Thomm Jutz (born December 27, 1969) is a German-born American singer, songwriter, producer and guitarist based in Nashville, Tennessee.
He has worked with folk singer Nanci Griffith (as a member of her Blue Moon Orchestra), Eric Brace & Peter Cooper, Mary Gauthier, Mac Wiseman, Bobby Bare, Connie Smith, Marty Stuart, David Olney, Otis Gibbs, Kim Richey, Bill Anderson, Amy Speace, Milan Miller and Marc Marshall.
His songs have been recorded by Nanci Griffith, John Prine, Kim Richey, Junior Sisk, Kenny and Amanda Smith, Balsam Range, Buddy Melton, Milan Miller and Terry Baucom.
Jutz co-wrote the top two singles of 2016 listed on the Bluegrass Today Airplay chart.
Jutz signed with Mountain Home Music Company in 2019. New albums "To Live in Two Worlds – Vol 1 & 2" were released in 2020. Singles "Mill Town Blues", "I Long to Hear Them Testify", "Hartford's Bend" and "Jimmie Rodgers Rode a Train" were released in 2019. He also signed as a writer with Asheville Music Publishing in 2018. "To Live In Two Worlds, Vol 1" was nominated for a 2021 Grammy Award in the Bluegrass category.
Jutz is a current lecturer of songwriting at Belmont University and is working on a master’s degree in Appalachian Studies at East Tennessee State University, writing his thesis on Grammy-winner Norman Blake. Additional writings and essays have been published in American Songwriter and the IBMA Songwriter’s Newsletter. Jutz is featured in the Country Music Hall of Fame’s American Currents exhibit, slated to run 2022-2023.
Early life
Jutz originates from Neusatz, Buehl, Baden-Württemberg in the Black Forest of Germany and started playing music at the age of six, initially learning piano and flute.
In 1981 at age 11 he saw country artist Bobby Bare on a German television program performing Detroit City and, inspired by the way Bare stood and held his guitar, took up the guitar and developed an interest in Country, Bluegrass and Folk Music.
Jutz won several nationwide competitions as a teenager before studying classical guitar at the University of Stuttgart under professor Dr. Mario Sicca. Jutz played throughout Central Europe with Blues and Rock Bands, and began studying songwriting and studio engineering.
Career
In 2003, Jutz was granted a Diversity Immigrant Visa into the USA and moved his base to Nashville, where he immediately found favor and started touring worldwide with David Olney, Mary Gauthier and Nanci Griffith.
Jutz then set up as owner and operator of TJ Tunes, the studio he created for writers, players and artists from different places and genres to come together in a relaxed, rural setting, to write and record. He has produced over 70 albums to date.
The 1861 Project
Between 2011 and 2014, Jutz produced and wrote songs for the three volumes of The 1861 Project, a collection of new songs inspired by the people who fought and lived through the American Civil War.
Artists featured on these albums include Marty Stuart, John Anderson, Jerry Douglas, Maura O'Connell, Connie Smith, Chris Jones, Sierra Hull, Bobby Bare, Jason Ringenberg, Kim Richey and Hannah & Caroline Melby. The series received praise from historians, critics, music lovers and Civil War enthusiasts.
"I Sang the Song"
During 2016, Jutz, together with Peter Cooper and 91-year-old country music legend Mac Wiseman, spent nine Sunday afternoons at Wiseman's house writing material based on the stories Wiseman would tell of his life.
In January 2017, Mountain Fever Records released these songs on the "I Sang The Song" album, produced by Jutz and Cooper. Friends and admirers performing on the album include John Prine, Alison Krauss, Jim Lauderdale, Shawn Camp, Sierra Hull, Justin Moses, Andrea Zonn and Mark Fain.
"Nothing But Green Willow"
In 2022, Jutz collaborated with English singer guitarist Martin Simpson to shed light on Appalachian folk songs collected by Cecil Sharp, sung by Jane Gentry and Mary Sands in Madison County, North Carolina. The two women who nobody ever heard sing, unknowingly changed the course of folk music history.
The resulting album, “Nothing But Green Willow”, features, from the UK/Ireland, Cara Dillon, Fay Hield, Seth Lakeman, Angeline Morrison and Emily Portman and from the U.S. Dale Ann Bradley, Sierra Hull, Justin Moses, Tim O’Brien, Tammy Rogers and Odessa Settles. It was released on September 29th, 2023 on Topic Records.
Discography
Solo albums
To Live in Two Worlds, Vol 1 & 2 (Mountain Home, 2020)
Crazy If You Let It (Mountain Fever, 2017)
Volunteer Trail (Self released, 2016)
Work (Self released, 2010)
Collaborative albums
Martin Simpson & Thomm Jutz: Nothing But Green Willow: The Songs Of Mary Sands And Jane Gentry (Topic Records, 2023)
Tim Stafford & Thomm Jutz: Lost Voices (Mountain Fever Records, 2022)
Tammy Rogers & Thomm Jutz: Surely Will Be Singing (Mountain Fever Records, 2021)
Eric Brace, Peter Cooper & Thomm Jutz: Riverland (Red Beet Records, 2018)
Eric Brace, Peter Cooper & Thomm Jutz: Profiles in Courage, Frailty, and Discomfort (Red Beet Records, 2017)
Jefferson Ross & Thomm Jutz: Stable Suite (2015)
Thomm Jutz & Craig Market: Nowhere To Hide (2015)
Billy Goodman & Thomm Jutz: Ghost Town (2011)
As producer
Bill Anderson & Dolly Parton: Someday It’ll All Make Sense (single, MCA Nashville) (co-produced with Bill Anderson)
Bill Anderson: The Hits Re-Imagined (TWI) (co-produced with Bill Anderson)
Nanci Griffith: The Loving Kind (Rounder Records) (co-produced with Pat McInerney)
Mac Wiseman: I Sang The Song (co-produced with Peter Cooper)
Mac Wiseman: Songs From My Mother's Hand (co-produced with Peter Cooper)
Various Artists: The 1861 Project, Vols. 1-3
Sid Griffin: The Trick Is To Breathe
Steve Young: Songlines Revisited Volume One
Eric Brace & Peter Cooper : C&O Canal
Richard Dobson: From A Distant Shore
Otis Gibbs: Harder Than Hammered Hell
Todd Snider : Cheatham Street Warehouse (co-produced with Peter Cooper)
Jason Ringenberg: Christmas on the Farm with Farmer Jason (co-produced with Peter Cooper)
Marc Marshall: Nimm Dir Zeit (co-produced with Frank Lauber)
Other appearances
Mary Gauthier: Mercy Now / Season Of Mercy EP, Limited Edition (Jutz plays on 3 tracks on 2nd disc)
Jon Weisberger: I've Been Mostly Awake (Jutz and Kim Richey are featured on the track Everything is Broken)
Video games
Jutz's song Burning the Midnight Oil, co-written with Peter Cronin, appears on Life Is Strange: Before the Storm.
Awards and recognition
IBMA 2023 International Bluegrass Music Awards – nomination for Songwriter of the Year
IBMA 2022 International Bluegrass Music Awards – nomination for Song of the Year: Riding The Chief
IBMA 2021 International Bluegrass Music Awards – Winner, Songwriter of the Year
Grammy Awards 2021 – nomination in Bluegrass category for To Live in Two Worlds, Vol. 1
IBMA 2019 International Bluegrass Music Awards – nomination for Songwriter of the Year
IBMA 2018 International Bluegrass Music Awards – nomination for Songwriter of the Year
IBMA 2017 International Bluegrass Music Awards – 4 nominations (as writer and producer in Song of the Year category, and as artist and producer in Recorded Event of the Year category)
SESAC 2013 Nashville Music Awards for contributions to the album Thorn In My Heart recorded by Kim Richey
SESAC 2009 Americana Performance Activity Award (with Charley Stefl) for contribution to the album The Loving Kind recorded by Nanci Griffith
Member of IBMA Leadership Bluegrass class of 2015
Member of Nashville's Leadership Music class of 2013
References
External links
Official website
Living people
1969 births
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Record producers from Tennessee
German emigrants to the United States
The Blue Moon Orchestra members |
The Carter Family was a traditional American folk music group that recorded between 1927 and 1956. Their music had a profound impact on bluegrass, country, Southern Gospel, pop and rock music as well as on the U.S. folk revival of the 1960s.
They were the first vocal group to become country music stars, and were among the first groups to record commercially produced country music. Their first recordings were made in Bristol, Tennessee, for the Victor Talking Machine Company under producer Ralph Peer on August 1, 1927, the day before country singer Jimmie Rodgers also made his initial recordings for Victor under Peer. Their recordings of songs such as "Wabash Cannonball", "Can the Circle Be Unbroken", "Wildwood Flower", "Keep on the Sunny Side" and "I'm Thinking Tonight of My Blue Eyes" made these songs country standards. The tune of the last was used for Roy Acuff's "The Great Speckled Bird", Hank Thompson's "The Wild Side of Life" and Kitty Wells' "It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels", making the song a hit all over again in other incarnations.
The original group consisted of Sara Carter, her husband A. P. Carter, and her sister-in-law Maybelle Carter. Maybelle was married to A.P.'s brother Ezra Carter (Eck) and was also Sara's first cousin. All three were born and raised in southwest Virginia, where they were immersed in the tight harmonies of mountain gospel music and shape note singing.
Throughout the group's career, Sara Carter sang lead vocals and played rhythm guitar or autoharp, and Maybelle sang harmony and played lead guitar. On some songs A.P. did not perform at all; on some songs he sang harmony and background vocals and occasionally he sang lead. Maybelle's distinctive guitar-playing style became a hallmark of the group, and her Carter Scratch (a method for playing both lead and rhythm on the guitar) has become one of the most copied styles of guitar playing. The group (in all its incarnations, see below) recorded for a number of companies, including RCA Victor, ARC group, Columbia, Okeh and various imprint labels.
History
The Carter Family made their first recordings on August 1, 1927. The previous day, A.P. Carter had persuaded his wife Sara Carter and his sister-in-law Maybelle Carter to make the journey from Maces Spring, Virginia, to Bristol, Tennessee, to audition for record producer Ralph Peer. Peer was seeking new talent for the relatively embryonic recording industry. The initial sessions are part of what are now called the Bristol Sessions. The band received $50 for each song recorded, plus a half-cent royalty on every copy sold of each song for which they had registered a copyright. On November 4, 1927, the Victor Talking Machine Company (later RCA Victor) released a double-sided 78 rpm record of the group performing "Wandering Boy" and "Poor Orphan Child". On December 2, 1928, Victor released "The Storms Are on the Ocean" / "Single Girl, Married Girl", which became very popular.
By the end of 1930, they had sold 300,000 records in the United States. Realizing that he would benefit financially with each new song he collected and copyrighted, A.P. traveled around the southwestern Virginia area in search of new songs; he also composed new songs. In the early 1930s, he befriended Lesley "Esley" Riddle, a black guitar player from Kingsport, Tennessee. Lesley accompanied A.P. on his song-collecting trips. In June 1931, the Carters did a recording session in Benton, Kentucky, along with Jimmie Rodgers. In 1933, Maybelle met the Speer Family at a fair in Ceredo, West Virginia, fell in love with their signature sound, and asked them to tour with the Carter Family.
Second generation
In the winter of 1938–39, the Carter Family traveled to Texas, where they had a twice-daily program on the border radio station XERA (later XERF) in Villa Acuña (now Ciudad Acuña, Mexico), across the border from Del Rio, Texas. In the 1939–40 season the children of A.P. and Sara (Janette Carter, Joe Carter) and those of Maybelle (Helen Carter, June Carter, Anita Carter) joined the group for radio performances, now in San Antonio, Texas, where the programs were prerecorded and distributed to multiple border radio stations. (The children did not, however, perform on the group's records.) In the fall of 1942, the Carters moved their program to WBT radio in Charlotte, North Carolina, for a one-year contract. They occupied the sunrise slot, with the program airing between 5:15 and 6:15 a.m.
By 1936, A.P. and Sara's marriage had dissolved. Sara married A.P.'s cousin, Coy Bayes, and moved to California, and the group disbanded in 1944.
Maybelle continued to perform with her daughters Anita Carter, June Carter, and Helen Carter and recorded on 3 labels (RCA Victor, Columbia and Coronet) as "The Carter Sisters and Mother Maybelle" (sometimes billed as "The Carter Sisters" or "Maybelle Carter and the Carter Sisters" or "Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters"). In 1943, Maybelle Carter and her daughters, using the name "the Carter Sisters and Mother Maybelle" had a program on WRNL in Richmond, Virginia. Maybelle's brother, Hugh Jack (Doc) Addington Jr., and Carl McConnell, known as the Original Virginia Boys, also played music and sang on the radio show.
Chet Atkins joined them playing electric guitar in 1949 at WNOX radio in Knoxville, Tennessee and then moved with them in Oct. of 1949 to KWTO radio in Springfield, Missouri. Opry management didn't want the Carters to bring Chet with them when they were offered a regular spot on the Grand Ole Opry but Ezra (their father and manager) insisted that Chet come with them as he was a part of their troupe or band now. Finally the Opry management agreed and Chet went with them when they were hired by WSM and the Grand Ole Opry with their first day being May 29, 1950. Chester worked with them when they did "personals" off and on for 8 years but mostly on the live Grand Ole Opry performances.
A.P., Sara, and their children Joe and Janette recorded 3 albums in the 1950s under the name of The A.P. Carter Family. Mother Maybelle Carter and the Carter Sisters began using the name "the Carter Family" after the death of A.P. Carter in 1960 for their act during the 1960s and 1970s. Maybelle and Sara briefly reunited, recorded a reunion album (An Historic Reunion), and toured in the 1960s during the height of folk music's popularity.
A documentary about the family, Sunny Side of Life, was released in 1985.
In 1987, reunited sisters June Carter Cash and Helen and Anita Carter, along with June's daughter Carlene Carter, appeared as the Carter Family and were featured on a 1987 television episode of Austin City Limits along with June's husband Johnny Cash.
Third generation
The Carter Family name was revived for a third time, under the name Carter Family III. A project of descendants of the original Carter Family, John Carter Cash (grandson of Maybelle Carter, son of June Carter Cash and Johnny Cash) and Dale Jett (grandson of A.P. and Sara Carter) along with John's then-wife Laura (Weber) Cash. They released their first album, Past & Present, in 2010.
Rosie Nix Adams, daughter of June Carter Cash, was also a semi-regular performing member of the Carter Family.
Third Generation family member Carlene Carter (granddaughter of Maybelle Carter) had for some time ventured into pop music when she became part of the 1987 Carter Family's second generation revival.
Personnel
A. P. Carter (1927–1944, 1952–1956)
Maybelle Carter (1927–1978)
Sara Carter (1927–1944, 1952–1956, 1960–1971)
Janette Carter (1939–1940, 1952–1956)
Helen Carter (1939–1940, 1944–1996)
June Carter Cash (1939–1940, 1944–1969, 1971–1996)
Anita Carter (1939–1940, 1944–1996)
Joe Carter (1952–1956)
John Carter Cash (2012–present)
Dale Jett (2012–present)
Carlene Carter (1987–present)
Laura Cash (2012–2016)
Extended family
June Carter and her sisters were distant cousins of U.S. president Jimmy Carter.
This family tree shows the extended Carter family back four generations.
Notes:
Legacy and musical style
As important to country music as the family's repertoire of songs was Maybelle's guitar playing. She developed her innovative guitar technique largely in isolation; her style is today widely known as the "Carter scratch" or "Carter Family picking". While Maybelle did use a flatpick on occasion, her major method of guitar playing was the use of her thumb (with a thumbpick) along with one or two fingers. What her guitar style accomplished was to allow her to play melody lines (on the low strings of the guitar) while still maintaining rhythm using her fingers, brushing across the higher strings.
Before the Carter family's recordings, the guitar was rarely used as a lead or solo instrument among white musicians. Maybelle's interweaving of a melodic line on the bass strings with intermittent strums is now a staple of steel string guitar technique. Flatpickers such as Doc Watson, Clarence White and Norman Blake took flatpicking to a higher technical level, but all acknowledge Maybelle's playing as their inspiration.
The Carter Family was elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1970 and were given the nickname "The First Family of Country Music".
In 1988, the Carter Family was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and received its Award for the song "Will the Circle Be Unbroken". In 1993, the U.S. Postal Service issued a commemorative postage stamp honoring A.P., Sara, and Maybelle. In 2001, the group was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor. In 2005, the group received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Keep on the Sunny Side, a musical play chronicling the Carter Family's rise to stardom, premiered at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia, in 2001. Conceived and written by Douglas Pote, the play enjoyed a multiyear run, a national tour spanning 23 states, and an original cast recording; the Barter has also mounted numerous revivals amid lasting popularity.
Renewed attention to the Carter Family tune "When I'm Gone" occurred after several covers performed a cappella with a cup used to provide percussion, as in the cup game and dubbed the Cups song, went viral and culminated with a short performance in the movie Pitch Perfect. Afterwards it was released as a single by Anna Kendrick.
The A. P. and Sara Carter House, A. P. Carter Homeplace, A. P. Carter Store, Maybelle and Ezra Carter House, and Mt. Vernon Methodist Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as components of the Carter Family Thematic Resource.
In 2017, the Carter Family's story was told in the award-winning documentary series American Epic. The film featured unseen film footage of The Carter Family performing and being interviewed, and radically improved restorations of their 1920s recordings. Director Bernard MacMahon commented that "we first came to the Carters through their records, but one of the other things that struck us about them is that they were involved in both of the main waves of America hearing itself for the first time. They made their first impact in that early wave of rural recordings, and then the next stage was the arrival of radio, and in the late 1930s, they went to Texas and were on XERA, a border station based in Mexico that could be heard all over the central and western United States." The Carter Family's story was profiled in the accompanying book, American Epic: The First Time America Heard Itself.
Discography
Selected 78 rpm records: The Carter Family's career predated any sort of best-selling chart of country music records. (Billboard did not have a country best sellers chart until 1944.) Below is a select list of their 78 rpm releases.
Citations
General and cited references
Among My Klediments, June Carter Cash, Grand Rapids, MI, Zondervan, 1979.
In the Country of Country: A Journey to the Roots of American Music, Nicholas Dawidoff, Vintage Books, 1998.
Will You Miss Me When I'm Gone?: The Carter Family and Their Legacy in American Music, Mark Zwonitzer with Charles Hirshberg, New York, Simon & Schuster, 2002
External links
Country Music's First Family
The Carter Family Memorial Music Center, Inc.
The Carter Family Complete Song Texts
Carter Family Fold, Hiltons, Virginia
The Carter Family Discography
The Carter Family: Will the Circle be Unbroken
Carter Family recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
1927 establishments in Virginia
1956 disestablishments in Virginia
American country music groups
American folk singers
Banner Records artists
Country Music Hall of Fame inductees
Family musical groups
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Johnny Cash
Liberty Records artists
Musical groups disestablished in 1956
Musical groups established in 1927
Musical groups from Appalachia
Musical groups from Virginia
RCA Victor artists
Victor Records artists
Virginia culture
Vocalion Records artists |
Dəllər Daşbulaq (also, Daşbulaq and Dashbulak) is a village and municipality in the Shamkir Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,101.
References
Populated places in Shamkir District |
LVII Panzer Corps was a panzer corps in the German Army during World War II.
This corps was activated in Augsburg in February 1941 as the LVII Army Corps, for the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which commenced on 22 June 1941. It fought in the Battle of Białystok–Minsk and in the Battle of Moscow.
On 21 June 1942, the Corps was renamed LVII Panzer Corps . It fought at Rostov, and then in the Battle of the Caucasus. It fought south-west of Stalingrad and then retreated along the Don. In 1943 it was active in the Donets region and in Kursk. It retreated over the Romanian border before being attached to the 3rd Hungarian Army and transferred to the south of Hungary. There it fought in the Battle of Budapest and ended the war in Silesia.
Commanders
General of the Tank Troops (General der Panzertruppe) Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen - From 15 February 1941 to 15 November 1941.
General of the Tank Troops (General der Panzertruppe) Friedrich Kirchner - From 15 November 1941 to 12 January 1942
General of the Tank Troops (General der Panzertruppe) Adolf-Friedrich Kuntzen - From 12 to 31 January 1942
General of the Tank Troops (General der Panzertruppe) Friedrich Kirchner - From 31 January 1942 to 30 November 1943
General of the Tank Troops (General der Panzertruppe) Hans-Karl Freiherr von Esebeck - From 30 November 1943 to 19 February 1944
General of the Tank Troops (General der Panzertruppe) Friedrich Kirchner - From 19 February 1944 to 25 May 1944
Infantry General (General der Infanterie) Franz Beyer - From 25 May 1944 to 2 June 1944
* General of the Tank Troops (General der Panzertruppe) Friedrich Kirchner - From 2 June 1944 to 8 May 1945
Area of operations
Eastern Front, central sector - From June 1942 to July 1944
Southern Hungary - From July 1944 to January 1945
Silesia - From January 1945 to May 1945
source
LVII. Panzerkorps on lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de
P057
Military units and formations established in 1941
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945 |
The South Campus Historic District is a historic district in Chico, California which was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 through efforts of the Chico Heritage Association. The district is situated entirely within the South Campus Neighborhood. The historical district extends from Salem Street to Cherry Street, and from West Second Street to West Sixth Street. Whereas, the neighborhood extends from West Second Street south to West Ninth Street and west from Salem Street all the way to the city limits, which, in that area, is called the "Green Line." The South Campus Neighborhood Association represents the interests of the neighborhood to the community. There are several fraternity and sorority houses in the area, and the city has designated the South Campus Fraternity/Sorority Overlay Zone which is largely contiguous with the neighborhood and district.
Historically, this area was the first residential area established in the city. The area was surveyed for laying out streets in 1860. South Campus is home of the Stansbury House, the Southern Pacific Depot, and the Language Houses.
Currently, South Campus is a dynamic residential neighborhood consisting overwhelmingly of young renters under thirty-five, and specifically Chico State students. It is one of the most densely populated areas of the city. The intersection of Fifth and Ivy Streets is a neighborhood commercial core referred to locally as "Five and I".
Buildings listed as contributing to the Historic District
The historic district consists of 114 individual buildings which have been named in the register as contributing to the historical district. They include:
The Language Houses consist of six houses on West Third Street which had previously been owned by Chico State University's Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures. The houses had been used as student housing with each house having a language theme. The houses had fallen into disrepair under university management of the properties, and the sale of the properties to a developer interested in restoring the historical nature of the houses was a drawn out matter requiring the intervention of the state legislature. Today the houses are privately owned, have been restored and are occupied student housing. The Language Houses are named:
H.W. Crew House (also called the Spanish House and Alpha Phi House)
Rouke-Halle House (also called the German House)
C.C. Richardson House (also called the Italian House)
J.V. Richardson House
Charles Ball House (also called the International House)
French House (also called the Kappa Sigma Delta House)
228 Ivy Street
319 West Fourth Street
322 Normal Avenue
324 West Sixth Street
325 Ivy Street
330 West Fourth Street
345 West Fifth Street
345 West Sixth Street
411 West Sixth Street
414 West Fourth Street
414 West Sixth Street
417 Normal Avenue
419 West Sixth Street
420 West Fourth Street
420 West Sixth Street
421 West Third Street
428 West Fifth Street
428 West Fourth Street
429 Normal Avenue
429 West Third Street
430 West Third Street
431 West Sixth Street
441 West Fourth Street
511 West Fifth Street
514 Ivy Street
518 West Sixth Street
519 West Fifth Street
527 West Fifth Street
527 West Sixth Street
529 Ivy Street
529 Normal Avenue
530 Normal Avenue
530 West Sixth Street
541 West Fifth Street
543 West Sixth Street
544 West Sixth Street
611 West Fourth Street
621 West Sixth Street
625 West Third Street
626 West Fourth Street
627 West Second Street
629 West Sixth Street
635 West Second Street
706 West Sixth Street
718 West Sixth Street
719 West Sixth Street
720 West Fourth Street
727 West Sixth Street
728 West Third Street
729 West Second Street
737 West Second Street
745 West Third Street
Abraham House
Allen-Sommer-Gage House
As You Like It
Bicknell Cottages
Bicknell House
Bidwell Chapel
Big Red Barn
C.C. Mathews House
Chester Cole Residence
Copeland Residence
Cosby-McLain Home
Costar House
Crosette House
Eames Cottages
Eames House
F.M. Jackson House
Fifth Street Rooming House
House of Vinson
J.F. Fordham House
Kate Bower House
Kennedy House
L.A. McIntosh House
Lizzie Crew Canfield House
Miller House
Notre Dame School
Nottleman House
Ormsby House
P.E. O'Hair House
Presbyterian Parsonage
Rev. Jesse Wood House
Reynolds House
Sapp Hall
Sherwood House
Sierra Hall
Stansbury House (Chico, California)
Theodore Schwein Home
W.H. Schooler House
Walker House
Waterland Apartments
White House
South Campus Neighborhood Association
In September 1996, a group of residents, property owners, business owners, and student organization representatives got together to form the South Campus Neighborhood Association. This was, in part a result of the City Council, in May of that year, directing the Planning Commission to study zoning for "Student Living Groups" (i.e. fraternities and sororities, etc.). The group prepared a Constitution for the neighborhood association, and an outline for a neighborhood plan; both of which were presented at a neighborhood meeting in March 1997.
The association has successfully lobbied the city for increased lighting, infrastructure repairs (such as sidewalks), increased community involvement in police strategies, and amendments to the city's noise ordinance. The neighborhood association requested that the city consider creating a Special Events Permit, so as to address some of the issues arising from the youth of its residents. Although the city, did not establish such a permit, the proposed zone which was to be associated with this permit eventually was approved by the council as a unique Fraternity/Sorority Overlay Zone.
South Campus Fraternity/Sorority Overlay Zone
The land use regulations in the zone are combined with those of the base district, except that fraternities and sororities shall be a permitted use, with the approval of a ministerial permit by the Planning Director.
External links
References
Neighborhoods in Chico, California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Special districts of California
Student culture in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Butte County, California |
The 2023–24 season is Levante UD's 115th season in existence and second consecutive in the Segunda División, the second division of association football in Spain. They will also compete in the Copa del Rey.
Players
First-team squad
.
Reserve team
Out on loan
Transfers
In
Out
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overall record
Segunda División
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
The league fixtures were unveiled on 28 June 2023.
Copa del Rey
References
External links
Levante UD seasons
Levante |
Notes
References
See also
Mohs scale of mineral hardness
Mohs hardness of materials (data page)
Vickers hardness test
Brinell scale
Properties of chemical elements
Chemical element data pages |
Newman's Own is an American food company headquartered in Connecticut. Founded in 1982 by actor Paul Newman and author A. E. Hotchner, the company donates all of its after-tax profits to charity through Newman's Own Foundation, a private nonprofit foundation that supports child-focused programs.
History
The brand started in 1982 with a homemade salad dressing that Paul Newman and A. E. Hotchner prepared themselves and gave to friends as gifts. The successful reception of the salad dressing led Newman and Hotchner to commercialize it for sale, financing it with $20,000 each as seed money. Afterward, they also produced spaghetti sauce, lemonade, popcorn, fruit cocktail juices, frozen pizza, salsa, grape juice, and several other products. Newman's Own premium wines was launched in 2008. Each label features a picture of Newman, dressed in a different costume to represent the product. The company incorporated humor into its label packaging, as in the label for its first salad dressing in 1982, "Fine Foods Since February". Many of the stories on the food labels were made up.
In 1993, Newman's daughter Nell Newman founded Newman's Own Organics as a division of the company, later to become a separate company in late 2001. It produced organic foods, including chocolate, cookies, pretzels and pet food. Her father posed with her for the photographs on the labels. In 2014, Nell's license with Newman's Own was not renewed, and Newman's Own Organics was transferred back to Newman's Own.
Newman and Hotchner co-wrote a memoir about their company and the Hole in the Wall Gang Camps, Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good (), published in 2003. Newman and CEO Robert Forrester arranged for the continuation of the distribution of Newman's Own profits to charity after Newman's death through the establishment of the Newman's Own Foundation.
Following Newman's death in 2008, control of the company and foundation passed to CEO Robert Forrester. Since taking over, Forrester has expanded and diversified the company. Newman's daughter, Susan, has alleged that Forrester had taken her family "hostage" and pushed them off the board of the Newman's Own Foundation, the body set up to distribute company profits to charitable causes. Forrester said that the company and foundation are continuing to be operated in accordance with the late Paul Newman's expressed wishes. Forrester's salary increased from $185,000 to $295,000 from 2010 to 2013. Forrester was fired in 2019 as a result of an internal review following allegations of inappropriate behavior, and the board appointed Jennifer Smith Turner as interim president and CEO. In January 2020, Dr. Miriam Nelson took over those roles, and the board finalized the positions in January 2021.
Charitable funding and beneficiaries
According to the Newman's Own Foundation website, over $600 million has been generated for charity since 1982. In 2016, the company donated profits of $30 million after gross sales of $600 million. The company co-sponsored the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award, which was presented annually to a United States resident who had fought courageously, despite adversity, to safeguard the First Amendment right to freedom of expression as it applied to the written word.
A sampling of grantees is available at the Newman's Own Foundation website along with a description of funding areas. One beneficiary of this charity is the SeriousFun Children's Network (previously the Association of Hole in the Wall Camps), residential summer camps and programs for seriously ill children, which Newman co-founded in 1988. Today, there are camps, programs, and initiatives operating across five continents. Over 1.5 million camp experiences have been provided to children and families free of charge. While proceeds from Newman's Own helped finance the startup of the first camp, the network and its member camps now receive funding from many other sources. Additionally, Newman's Own Foundation also provided a grant to The MINDS Foundation to fund US operations of the non-profit that works in rural India. Other beneficiaries of the profits from Newman's Own have included The New York Times Neediest Cases Fund (from 1983 onwards), Shining Hope for Communities, Safe Water Network, Edible Schoolyard NYC, Fisher House Foundation, the WILD Young Women Programme (New Zealand), and Pilgrims Hospices (UK).
References
Further reading
External links
Newman's Own Foundation
Food manufacturers of the United States
Food and drink companies established in 1982
Salad dressings
Social enterprises
Food and drink companies based in Connecticut
Companies based in Westport, Connecticut
1982 establishments in Connecticut
Condiment companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in Connecticut |
In transportation infrastructure, a bidirectional traffic system divides travellers into two streams of traffic that flow in opposite directions.
In the design and construction of tunnels, bidirectional traffic can markedly affect ventilation considerations.
Microscopic traffic flow models have been proposed for bidirectional automobile, pedestrian, and railway traffic. Bidirectional traffic can be observed in ant trails which have been researched for insight into human traffic models. In a macroscopic theory proposed by Laval, the interaction between fast and slow vehicles conforms to the Newell kinematic wave model of moving bottlenecks.
In air traffic control traffic is normally separated by elevation, with east bound flights at odd thousand feet elevations and west bound flights at even thousand feet elevations (1000 ft ≈ 305m). Above 28,000 ft (~8.5 km) only odd flight levels are used, with FL 290, 330, 370, etc., for eastbound flights and FL 310, 350, 390, etc., for westbound flights. Entry to and exit from airports is always one-way traffic, as runways are chosen to allow aircraft to take off and land into the wind, to reduce ground speed. Even in no wind cases, a preferred calm wind runway and direction is normally chosen and used by all flights, to avoid collisions. In uncontrolled airports, airport information can be obtained from anyone at the airport. Traffic follows a specific traffic pattern, with designated entry and exits. Radio announcements are made, whether anyone is listening or not, to allow any other traffic to be aware of other traffic in the area.
In the earliest days of railways in the United Kingdom, most lines were built double tracked because of the difficulty of coordinating operations in pre-telegraphy times.
Most modern roads carry bidirectional traffic, although one-way traffic is common in dense urban centres. Bidirectional traffic flow is believed to influence the rate of traffic collisions. In an analysis of head-on, rear-end, and lane-changing collisions based on the Simon-Gutowitz bidirectional traffic model, it was concluded that "the risk of collisions is important when the density of cars in one lane is small and ... the other lane['s] is high enough," and that "heavy vehicles cause an important reduction of traffic flow on the home lane and provoke an increase of the risk of car accident."
Bidirectional traffic is the most common form of flow observed in trails, however, some larger pedestrian concourses exhibit multidirectional traffic.
References
Further reading
"As shown, the two links 100, 102 have mutually opposite traffic directions. This means that in the joining, the complex road junction can get a bidirectional traffic indication."
Air traffic control
Chirality
Pedestrian infrastructure
Public transport by mode
Rail infrastructure
Road traffic management
Waterways |
Castle Maine, also recorded as Castle Magne and Castlemaine, was a medieval castle located at what is now Castlemaine, County Kerry. The castle, built in 1215, stood on a bridge over the River Maine. A defensive structure of considerable importance in Munster, it belonged first to the Earls of Desmond and later to the English Crown. Castle Maine was besieged on several occasions, including during the Nine Years' War when the garrison resisted for thirteen months. It was destroyed in 1652 during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
History
Castle Maine was built by Maurice Fitzgerald, possibly a son of Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald, in 1215. The structure was located in the middle of a substantial stone bridge crossing the River Maine, which marked the southern boundary of territory newly conquered by the FitzGeralds from the MacCarthy Mor dynasty in the early thirteenth century. The river regularly flooded during heavy rains and became impassable, giving the crossing point at Castle Maine strategic significance. A drawing of the castle from 1600 survives, showing the castle as having two central towers of unequal height, protected by walls and with a portcullis and drawbridge facing towards the southern end of the bridge. The foundations of the bridge remain, and are unusually broad with large arches, indicating the size of the structure which once stood above them. A local legend that the castle was built jointly by the FitzGeralds and MacCarthy Mor is fictitious.
Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Desmond is recorded as having died at the castle in 1358. In 1510, an army led by Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare took the castle, although it later returned to the control of the Desmonds.
Desmond Rebellions
During the Desmond Rebellions, Castle Maine became one of the last remaining possessions of the Desmonds and was attacked by the English army of John Perrot in 1571. Perrot summoned the chieftains of Munster to meet him at the castle with their forces on 24 June 1571, in order to lay siege to the fortress. In a letter to Lord Burghley, Perrot emphasised the importance of the castle and the "necessity of winning it". Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond directed his cousin, James Fitzmaurice, to defend the castle. Despite use of cannon against the castle walls, Perrot was forced to abandon the siege at the end of July 1571 as he was running out of gunpowder.
A year later, in June 1572, Perrot again laid siege to the castle assisted by Maurice Roche, 6th Viscount Fermoy and Donald McCarthy, 1st Earl of Clancare. Perrot's forces reputedly included Scottish gallowglass and native Irish components. The garrison of thirty men, defending Castle Maine, surrendered after a twelve-week siege had exhausted their provisions. From this point Castle Maine became an English Crown fortress. The castle was occupied by English soldiers with a standing garrison of twelve men and placed under the command of a Constable, the first of which was John Herbert. Perrot submitted a report to London in which he recommended that the castle should be re-edified and that the lands of the nearby Killagha Abbey be annexed to it.
On the night of 24 December 1573, the castle gates were unlocked to a group of men loyal to Desmond, who seized the castle and ejected the English garrison. The following day, the Prior of Killagha Abbey came to the castle to give thanks for its return to Desmond control. An English Crown inquiry into the loss of Castle Maine was opened in 1574; in January 1574 Queen Elizabeth I wrote to Sir William FitzWilliam complaining of Desmond's "undutiful behaviour in taking Castle Maine". In September 1574, Desmond surrendered Castle Maine to the English as part of the settlement to end the rebellion.
In 1576 the castle had a garrison of "3 horsemen, 13 footmen". On 15 February 1578, Desmond petitioned the Queen to be "restored to the possession of Castle Maine"; this request was rejected.
In 1580, during the Second Desmond Rebellion, the castle was visited by William Pelham and reinforced with men and supplies in anticipation of a Spanish attack, which did not materialise. Nonetheless, the Constable of Castle Maine, Andrew Martyn, was killed while leading the castle's garrison in the Siege of Smerwick.
In 1587, Queen Elizabeth sent an order to the Dublin Castle administration to disband Castle Maine's garrison and give the property to Sir Valentine Browne, however the order was never enacted. In 1588, Sir William Herbert petitioned to have the castle demolished on the basis of its cost and insinuating that its Constable, Thomas Spring, was more loyal to the Irish than to England.
Nine Years' War
The castle returned to importance during the Nine Years' War. By December 1597, Sir Thomas Norris recorded that it was the last remaining castle in Munster outside Cork which had not surrendered to forces loyal to Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone. In October 1598, a force led by the rebel James FitzThomas FitzGerald laid siege to the castle. In January 1599, he departed, leaving 200 men to continue the siege. The castle surrendered the following November, having endured thirteenth months of siege without support from the English garrison at Cork. The Constable, Sir Warham St Leger was heavily criticised for the castle's loss.
James FitzThomas FitzGerald appointed Thomas Oge Fitzgerald as the Constable and moved his personal correspondence to be stored at the castle. Oge, who had been loyal to Desmond, subsequently surrendered the castle to the English Lord President of Munster, George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes, in November 1600. Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot was appointed Constable for the Crown.
Seventeenth century
In 1620 the records of the Privy Council of Ireland noted that the bridge at Castle Maine was still in need of repair, having suffered from successive sieges. When the Irish Rebellion of 1641 broke out, Patrick Fitzmaurice, 19th Baron Kerry was directed to appoint Thomas Spring (the second son the earlier constable) as Constable. Soon afterwards, the castle was attacked by Daniel McCarthy of the Irish Catholic Confederates and taken after a few days siege, along with some stores and two obsolete cannon. The castle was held by the Irish Confederates until 1649, when it was surrendered to David Crosbie acting on behalf of Murrough O'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin. The castle was demolished shortly thereafter, in 1652, after it fell to New Model Army troops under the command of Edmund Ludlow.
Despite the destruction of the castle, Constables (with a salary of 2s 3d per day), continued to be appointed as an office of sinecure until 1828.
Constables of Castle Maine
The Constables of Castle Maine were appointed by the English Crown between 1572 and 1828 to command the castle's small garrison and maintain English authority over the locality. Constables were permitted to hold two fairs and were granted rights to fisheries on the River Maine and in Castlemaine Harbour as a source of income additional to their salary. In 1788 the appointment is recorded as having been worth £300 per year in income.
John Herbert: 1572–1573
Andrew Herbert (Vice-Constable): 1573
Captain William Apsley: 1574–1579
Andrew Martyn: 1579–1580
Captain Cheston: 1580–1583
Edward Spring (Vice-Constable): 1583
John Savage: 1583–1584
Captain Thomas Spring: 1584–1597
Sir Warham St Leger: 1597–1599
Sir Edward Denny (Vice-Constable): 1597
Thomas Oge Fitzgerald of Ardnagragh: 1599–1600
Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot: 1601–1608
Thomas Roper, 1st Viscount Baltinglass: 1608–1638
Sir Edward Denny: 1638–1641
Thomas Spring: 1641
Vacant: 1641–1691
Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet: 1691–1733
Charles Bodens: ?–1762–?
Major William Botet: ?–1810
Colonel James Cuffe: 1810–1828
References
Notes
Sources
1215 establishments in Ireland
Buildings and structures in County Kerry
Castles in County Kerry
** |
Baroque in Croatia (Barok u Hrvatskoj) is a 1942 documentary short directed by Oktavijan Miletić about the life of Janko Drašković. Music for the film was produced by Croatian composer Boris Papandopulo.
External links
Strastveni filmofil
1942 films
Croatian-language films
Croatian short documentary films
1942 documentary films
Biographical documentary films
1940s short documentary films
Croatian black-and-white films |
Araucaria muelleri is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is a medium size tree, 10–25 meters in height, with larger leaves than most other New Caledonian Araucarias. It is found only in New Caledonia, in several sites in the far south of Grande Terre, the main island.
Conservation
The species is threatened by habitat loss, with both forest fires and nickel mining activities posing ongoing threats to the remaining populations, although some stands of trees are located within protected national park areas.
References
muelleri
Conservation dependent plants
Endemic flora of New Caledonia
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Adolphe-Théodore Brongniart
Taxa named by Jean Antoine Arthur Gris
Taxa named by Élie-Abel Carrière |
Lungmar is a village and township in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.
See also
List of towns and villages in Tibet
Populated places in Shigatse
Township-level divisions of Tibet |
Leptosteges fuscipunctalis is a moth in the family Crambidae described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in Espírito Santo, Brazil.
The wingspan is about 24 mm. The forewings are pure shining white, but the costa is dusky fulvous with a dusky spot at the lower angle of the cell.
References
Moths described in 1896
Schoenobiinae |
Röchling shells were bunker-busting artillery shells, developed by German engineer August Cönders during World War II, based on the theory of increasing the sectional density to improve penetration.
Description
The subcaliber shells made from chrome-vanadium steel were able to penetrate much more than of reinforced concrete roof before burying the shell through the floor and into earth. They resembled fin-stabilized arrow shells, but had a discarding flange acting as a driving band instead of fins. Despite high penetration, these shells had a low muzzle velocity, and thus a high dispersion, on range. As a result, they saw very limited use during World War II; only about 200 shells were ever fired even though 6,000 such shells were made for the very large howitzers like the 21 cm mortar.
Röchling shells were developed for the 21 cm Mörser 18, a captured French 34 cm railway gun 674(f), and the 35.5 cm Haubitze M1 only. In addition, many experimental HE shells were made for the 3.7 cm Pak 36 and 5 cm Pak 38 anti-tank guns.
Use
Röchling shells were tested in 1942 and 1943 first against the Belgian Fort de Battice then against the Belgian Fort d'Aubin-Neufchâteau. They were also tested against the fortresses of Hůrka, Hanička and Dobrošov (today's Czech Republic), the Gössler wall, Toplitzsee (Austria) and at the Hillersleben test facility (Germany).
They were regarded as a German secret weapon, and there is speculation that their use was limited in order to reduce the chance of dud shells being recovered and exploited by the Allied forces. A more likely reason, however, is their poor accuracy.
Preserved small-size fin-stabilized prototype of Röchling shell (36 cm long) is since 2020 exhibited in the Museum of Czechoslovakian fortifications, inside the . Remnants of full-sized test shells are still visible in the walls of the fort.
See also
Kinetic energy penetrator
Impact depth
References
Artillery shells
Anti-fortification weapons
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1942 |
The Uganda women's national handball team is the national team of Uganda. It is governed by the Uganda Handball Federation and takes part in international handball competitions.
African Championship record
1974 – 4th
1976 – 4th
1979 – 5th
External links
IHF profile
Women's national handball teams
Handball
National team |
Three on a Ticket is a 1947 American crime film directed by Sam Newfield and written by Fred Myton. It is based on the 1942 novel The Corpse Came Calling by Brett Halliday. The film stars Hugh Beaumont, Cheryl Walker, Paul Bryar, Ralph Dunn, Louise Currie, Gavin Gordon, Charles Quigley and Douglas Fowley. The film was released on April 4, 1947, by Producers Releasing Corporation.
Plot
Cast
Hugh Beaumont as Michael Shayne
Cheryl Walker as Phyllis Hamilton
Paul Bryar as Tim Rourke
Ralph Dunn as Inspector Pete Rafferty
Louise Currie as Helen Brimstead
Gavin Gordon as Pearson aka Barton
Charles Quigley as Kurt Leroy
Douglas Fowley as Mace Morgan
Noel Cravat as Trigger
Charles King as Drunk
Brooks Benedict as Jim Lacy
References
External links
1947 films
1940s English-language films
American crime films
1947 crime films
Producers Releasing Corporation films
Films directed by Sam Newfield
American black-and-white films
1940s American films |
France competed at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, United States.
Medalists
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
Figure skating
Pairs
References
Olympic Winter Games 1932, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1932 Winter Olympics
1932
Olympics, Winter |
Norwalk is a city in and the county seat of Huron County, Ohio, United States. The population was 17,068 at the 2020 census. The city is the center of the Norwalk micropolitan area and part of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton combined statistical area. Norwalk is located approximately south of Lake Erie, west/southwest of Cleveland, southeast of Toledo, and west/northwest of Akron.
History
On July 11, 1779, Norwalk, Connecticut, was burned by British Loyalists under Lieutenant-general William Tryon. In 1800, the U.S. federal government gave an area in the Connecticut Western Reserve as compensation; and in 1806, 13 men arrived to make the first survey of what would be called the Firelands.
Between 1806 and 1810, many families made the trip to look over land they had purchased in the Firelands. During the War of 1812, because of the fear of British and Indian raids, settlement of the Huron County area came almost to a standstill. However, in 1815, Platt Benedict of Danbury, Connecticut, visited and examined the present site of Norwalk. He returned to Danbury and purchased of land with an eye toward establishing a town.
In July 1817, Benedict returned to Norwalk with his family and immediately built a house. This was the first permanent residence established within the limits of Norwalk. In May 1818, the county seat was successfully removed from Avery, Ohio, to Norwalk.
Benedict was the first white permanent settler in Norwalk, when he came with his wife, Sarah DeForest, and their children. His descendants remained prominent in the area. On January 19, 1936, the Sandusky Daily Register published the obituary of John L. Severance, the multi-millionaire businessman and Standard Oil founding member. In the obituary, he is listed as "a great grandson of Platt Benedict, one of the founders of [Norwalk, Ohio]".
Among the earliest settlers of Norwalk were other men of wealth and education. They brought with them not only the customs, but also the architecture of New England. Many of their homes are still standing today. In 1881, Norwalk's population reached the required minimum to incorporate as a city, and the City of Norwalk dates from April 12, 1881.
The gastroenteritis-causing virus norovirus is named after the city. It was initially named the "Norwalk Agent". The virus was discovered via electron microscopy of a stool sample from the town in 1972.
Geography
Norwalk is located at , at the center of the Firelands, a subregion of the Connecticut Western Reserve. The subregion's name recalls the founding of the area as one for settlers from cities in Connecticut that were largely destroyed by fire during the Revolutionary War. Several locations in the Firelands were named in honor of those cities, including Danbury, Greenwich, Groton, New Haven, New London, Norwalk, Norwich, and Ridgefield. Other locations were named for the settlers, including Clarksfield, Perkins, and Sherman.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The city of Norwalk is bound by Norwalk Township in each direction and a small portion of the west side is bound by Ridgefield Township. The city is located approximately south of Lake Erie.
Climate
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 17,012 people, 6,764 households, and 4,385 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 7,446 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White, 1.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 3.2% from other races, and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.2% of the population.
There were 6,764 households, of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.2% were non-families. 29.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.02.
The median age in the city was 37 years. 26.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.2% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.8% male and 52.2% female.
2000 census
At the 2000 census, there were 16,238 people, 6,377 households and 4,234 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 6,687 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 94.53% White, 1.95% African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 1.86% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.82% of the population.
There were 6,377 households, of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.06.
Age distribution was 27.9% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 28.9% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.
The median household income was $37,778, and the median family income was $45,789. Males had a median income of $36,582 versus $22,165 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,519. About 6.8% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Due to city annexations and previously determined school district boundaries, Norwalk is served by four public school districts. The majority of the city is served by the Norwalk City School District. Outlying portions of the city are also served by the Edison Local, Monroeville Local and Western Reserve Local School Districts.
Norwalk is also home to multiple religious schools, including Norwalk Catholic Schools / Saint Paul High School (Roman Catholic), and Trinity Christian Academy.
Transportation
Interstates 80 and 90, also known as the Ohio Turnpike, are approximately north of Norwalk's city limits with an interchange at U.S. Route 250. The U.S. highways that run through Norwalk include U.S. Route 20 and U.S. Route 250. State highways that run through Norwalk include Ohio State Route 13, State Route 18, and State Route 61. Furthermore, State Route 601 is an alternate two-lane highway that acts as a de facto eastern bypass of Norwalk and US 250, running from State Route 113 at Milan to State Route 18 southeast of Norwalk.
Norwalk's general aviation needs are met by Huron County Airport.
One active freight railroad line runs through Norwalk, the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad.
Notable people
Fred Baker, founder of Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Alice Rufie Jordan Blake, first female law graduate at Yale
Paul Brown, Hall of Fame American football coach
Ray Gandolf, sportscaster
Lefty Grove, Hall of Fame baseball pitcher
Ron Hackenberger, car collector, with 700 vehicles in Norwalk
Frank Avery Hutchins, librarian
Ban Johnson, first president of baseball's American League
Vahdah Olcott-Bickford, classical guitarist
Dennis A. Reed, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Stephen M. Young, Ohio U.S. Senator and House member
References
External links
City website
Cities in Ohio
Cities in Huron County, Ohio
Populated places established in 1817
County seats in Ohio |
Buchchi (, also Romanized as Būchchī) is a village in Talang Rural District, Talang District, Qasr-e Qand County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 116, in 26 families.
References
Populated places in Qasr-e Qand County |
Joselyn Alejandra Niño (died on 13 April 2015), commonly referred to by her alias La Flaca (English: The Skinny One), was a Mexican suspected assassin of the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico. She gained popularity on social media on 5 January 2015, when an anonymous person uploaded a picture of her posing with a firearm in an organized crime leak page. The post identified her as a Gulf Cartel member based out of Río Bravo. As a foot soldier, she was responsible for fighting off cells of Los Metros, a rival faction of Los Ciclones, a Gulf Cartel subgroup she belonged to.
She was found dead on 13 April 2015, when Mexican authorities discovered her dismembered body inside an ice cooler at a parking lot in Matamoros. Her body had visible signs of torture. She was identified by her distinctive tattoo on her forearm displaying "Niño", her surname. At the scene, investigators also found another dismembered female and a decapitated man who were reportedly also members of Los Ciclones. A written message at the scene stated she was killed by Los Metros.
Career
Joselyn Alejandra Niño was a suspected assassin of the Gulf Cartel, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas. She was commonly referred by her alias La Flaca (English: The Skinny One). This nickname was given to her by the Gulf Cartel for her slim body. This moniker is also a reference to Our Lady of Holy Death, a female skeleton saint venerated by thousands in Mexico and popular among some drug traffickers. Organized crime groups in Mexico often recruit females like Niño for their build and girly looks to disguise them from rival gangsters and law enforcement. Women like Niño sometimes begin their criminal careers as organized crime lookouts or prostitutes before they climb their way up to foot soldier ranks.
Niño gained notoriety on social media on 5 January 2015, when an anonymous online user leaked a picture of her to Valor por Tamaulipas, a citizen journalist page that post security updates and organized crime leaks. Her pictures made it to Facebook and Twitter. The picture identified her as a Gulf Cartel hitwoman based out of Río Bravo, Tamaulipas; she was smiling in front of the camera and posing with a firearm and bullet proof vest. She was resting her sunglasses on her head and was wearing a golden necklace. The picture's background stirred commentary on the apparent low-income lifestyle of cartel-employed assassins, which seemed to contradict the notion that those working for organized crime groups in Mexico live luxuriously. In addition, others discussed in the comment section whether or not lifestyles like Niño's were worth the risk when organized crime bosses reportedly enjoy most of the luxuries. Her picture was shared more than 40 times and had over 1,500 likes on Facebook.
According to investigators, the leak was likely done by a member of Los Metros, a Gulf Cartel faction that was at war with Los Ciclones, the faction that Niño reportedly belonged to. Infighting between these groups had started in January 2015. They suspect this was done to weaken Los Ciclones and promote more leaks of its members on social media platforms. Throughout early 2015, members of the Gulf Cartel leaked information of their rivals on social media to display them publicly in hopes that they could be arrested by security forces or killed by rival gangsters. Niño's faction was headed by suspected Gulf Cartel leader Ángel Eduardo Prado Rodríguez (alias "Ciclón 7"); Los Metros faction was headed by suspected leaders José Hugo Rodríguez Sánchez (alias "El Gafe"), Juan Manuel Loisa Salinas (alias "Comandante Toro"), and Juan Francisco Carrizales (alias "Metro 98").
Niño worked under Ciclón 7 and was responsible for fighting off Los Metros for at least four months. Her group was entasked with preventing incursions of Los Metros in Río Bravo from Reynosa, Tamaulipas. Río Bravo, where Niño was based, was mostly a turf controlled by Los Metros, which meant that Los Ciclones were at greater risk when conducting operations there. When Niño's picture was leaked on social media, she was identified by members of Los Metros. Sometime between 12 and 13 April, Los Metros captured her along with two accomplices from Los Ciclones.
Death
On 13 April 2015, Mexican authorities in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, discovered Niño's dismembered body inside an ice cooler. The cooler was abandoned at a Soriana parking lot. The rest of her remains were found inside plastic bags. At the scene, the perpetrators also left another dismembered female corpse and a decapitated man. Investigators suspect that the two people killed with Niño were also members of Los Ciclones. The bodies showed signs of torture, likely done to extract information of their criminal activities. They were then believed to have been executed with a headshot and dismembered. Investigators were able to identify her remains due to her distinctive tattoo with the word "Niño", her surname, on her forearm. She was estimated to be in her late teens or early twenties.
Pictures of the dismembered bodies were first posted on Twitter by Los Metros. The pictures were intended to be a warning for Niño's faction. In one of the pictures, Niño was shown beaten on the ground with the two other victims prior to her dismemberment. In a second photo, her remains were seen inside the cooler. Alongside the bodies, Los Metros left a written message threatening Los Ciclones. "This will happen to all the filthy who support Los Ciclones ... Keep sending these fucking assholes", the message read. The message also criticized Los Ciclones for using female foot soldiers, and told them they were going to be killing more people in their turf. The message was signed by a member of Los Metros who goes by the moniker "65".
See also
Mexican drug war
Sources
Footnotes
References
Further reading
1990s births
2015 deaths
21st-century criminals
Gulf Cartel members
People from Tamaulipas
People of the Mexican Drug War
Contract killers
Female assassins
Female child soldiers
Mexican assassins
Mexican female gangsters
Mexican female murderers
Mexican torture victims
People murdered by Mexican organized crime
Victims of the Mexican Drug War |
Wijdan Alsayegh (Arabic: وجدان الصائغ) is an Iraqi writer, poet, and critic born in Baghdad in 1967. She earned a master's degree with a grade of excellence in 1992 from University of Mosul on her thesis (the Rhetorical image in the poetry of Omar Abu Risha). Local and Arabic magazines have published tens of her poetry and studies and she is currently the managing editor of the New Poetry Magazine – Middle Eastern studies department in Michigan, United States. Wijdan Alsayegh is the president of the Arab American Poetry House Association.
Early life
The Iraqi poet, writer, and critic Wijdan Al-Sayegh was born in Baghdad in 1967. She earned a master's degree with a grade of excellence in 1992 from University of Mosul on her thesis (the Rhetorical image in the poetry of Omar Abu Risha). She also earned a doctorate degree from the same university in rhetorical criticism in 1995 on her dissertation (Imagery in the poetry of al-Akhtal al-Saghir). She also earned a diploma in media studies in 2001 from the University of Colorado in the United States. Al-Sayegh started teaching in 1992 and supervised numerous M.A theses of which the last were Character Portrayal in Muhammed al-Shurafi's Literature, Heritage in the Poetry of Hassan al-Sharafi, and the Poetry of Umara al-Yamani: A Stylistic Reading, College of Arts, Thamar University, 2005–2006. Arabic and local magazines published tens of her poems and studies, and she is currently the managing editor of the New Poetry Magazine and the Arabic Journal – middle eastern studies department in Michigan, United States. She was a member of the evaluative committee of the President of Yemen's Prize for Poetry for the years 2004, 2005, and 2006 and a member of the Al Owais Cultural Award for Poetry committee in the years 2015 and 2016.
Works
The Rhetorical Image in the Poetry of Omar Abu Risha, Dar al-Hayat, 1997.
The Rhetorical Image in Feminist Texts from the United Arab Emirates, the Egyptian-Lebanese Corporation, 1999
The Sparkle of Creation and the Hearth of Disclosure: Readings in Contemporary Texts, Ubadi Foundation for Studies and Publication, Sana’a, 2001
The Lotus Flower: Readings in the Poeticism of Ali Abdullah Khalifa, Dar El Ilm Lilmalayin, 2002
The Rhetorical Image in Modern Arabic Poetry, Arab Foundation for Studies and Publication, Beirut, 2003
The Throne and the Hoopoe: Exegetical Analogies of Images in Yemeni Poetic Discourse, Al-Afif Foundation, Sana’a, 2003
Feminist Scriptures: Readings in Feminist Texts, Union of Yemeni Writers, Sana’a, 2003
The Female and the Mirrors of the Text: Arabic Feminist Literature, Ninawa House, Damascus, 2004
Poets from Dilmun, Ministry of Culture, Sana’a, 2004
The Poem and the Interpretative Space, Ministry of Culture, Sana’a, 2004
The Feminist Arabic Poem: Reading through the Disciplines, Ministry of Culture, Sana’a, 2005
Arabic Feminist Narrative: Reading through the Disciplines, Ubadi Foundation, Sana’a, 2006
The Carbuncle Rose: The Formation of Misery in the Contemporary Poem, Ubadi Foundation, 2006
The Swallow and the Spring: Readings in Yemeni Poetry, Dhamar University Press, Dhamar, 2006
Pearl Necklaces: Readings in the Contemporary Poem, Aden University Press, Aden, 2006
Awards
Laureate of Women's Literary Creation, Sharjah, November 1998, for her book the Rhetorical Image in Feminist Texts from the United Arab Emirates
Al-Afif Cultural Award for Literature, Sana’a, April 2003, for her book the Throne and the Hoopoe: Exegetical Analogies of Images in Yemeni Poetic Discourse
Her book The Lotus Flower was selected for distribution at the Bahraini Cultural Forum in its new location, January, 2002
She got awarded the Testimonial Plaque of the Mu’assasat al-Muthaqqaf al-‘Arabi for her career as a critic, Cairo, 2004
References
1967 births
Living people
Iraqi women academics
Iraqi writers
Iraqi critics |
The Seoul Metropolitan Council () is the local council of Seoul.
There are a total of 112 members, with 101 members elected in the First-past-the-post voting system and 11 members elected in Party-list proportional representation.
Current composition
Negotiation groups can be formed by 10 or more members.
List of council members
Organization
The structure of Council consists of:
Chairman
Two Vice Chairmen
Standing Committees
Council Steering Committee
Administration & Autonomy Committee
Planning & Economy Committee
Environment & Water Resources Committee
Culture, Sports & Tourism Committee
Health & Social Affairs Committee
Public Safety & Construction Committee
City Planning & Management Committee
Transportation Committee
Education Committee
Special Committees
Special Committees on Budget & Accounts
Special Committees on Ethics
Recent election results
2018
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" colspan="3" width="200" | Party
! colspan="4" | Constituency
! colspan="4" | Party list
! colspan="2" | Total seats
|- style="text-align:center;"
! width="70" | Votes
! width="40" | %
! width="40" | Seats
! width="32" | ±
! width="70" | Votes
! width="40" | %
! width="40" | Seats
! width="32" | ±
! width="40" | Seats
! width="32" | ±
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Democratic Party of Korea
| 3,022,905 || 61.89 || 97 || 25
| 2,523,110 || 50.92 || 5 || 0
| 102 || 25
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Liberty Korea Party
| 1,400,927 || 28.68 || 3 || 21
| 1,250,856 || 25.24 || 3 || 2
| 6 || 23
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Bareunmirae Party
| 419,635 || 8.59 || 0 || new
| 569,224 || 11.48 || 1 || new
| 1 || new
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Justice Party
| colspan=4
| 480,371 || 9.69 || 1 || 1
| 1 || 1
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Party for Democracy and Peace
| 10,668 || 0.22 || 0 || new
| 43,839 || 0.88 || 0 || new
| 0 || new
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Green Party Korea
| colspan=4
| 37,974 || 0.76 || 0 || 0
| 0 || 0
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Minjung Party
| 12,989 || 0.27 || 0 || new
| 17,249 || 0.34 || 0 || new
| 0 || new
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Korean Patriots' Party
| 789 || 0.02 || 0 || new
| 15,726 || 0.31 || 0 || new
| 0 || new
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:grey" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Other parties
| 1,537 || 0.03 || 0 || 0
| colspan=4
| 0 || 0
|-
| width="1" style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan=2| Independents
| 14,560 || 0.30 || 0 || 0
| colspan=4
| 0 || 0
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Total
| 4,884,010 || 100.00 || 100 || –
| 4,954,933 || 100.00 || 10 || –
| 110 || –
|}
See also
Seoul Metropolitan Government
Seoul City Hall
References
Government of Seoul
Provincial councils of South Korea |
The Colman Building is a historic office building on First Avenue in downtown Seattle, Washington. It occupies a half of a block in proximity to Pioneer Square, and is bound by First Avenue, Marion, and Columbia Streets. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a City of Seattle landmark.
The building was built in several stages with a change of design between 1889 and 1906. It was commissioned by Scottish immigrant and master machinist James Murray Colman who arrived in Seattle in 1872 and would later build Seattle's first brick office building (1875) and Colman Dock which originally was the city's main coal shipping point. Colman owned large tracts of lands along Seattle's waterfront and was instrumental in bringing the first railroad (Seattle and Walla Walla Railroad) to the city as well as helping start the city's first street car line.
Architect Stephen J. Meany drew the original plans in a Victorian style while the reconstruction that is visible today was the work of August Tidemand, inspired by the Chicago School with less ornamentation and large pivoting windows. The architectural cast-iron elements from the original design remain on the first floor, while the second floor was re-faced rusticated stone. Four floors of red brick trimmed with marble were built on top of this. The building is crowned with a copper cornice. The Colman building was one of the largest office buildings in Seattle in the 1900s and was the centerpiece of Colman's multi-million dollar estate at the time of his death in 1906 shortly after its completion.
History
James Colman and the first Colman Building
Among his numerous land holdings along Seattle's waterfront, James Colman owned the entire block of First Avenue between Columbia and Marion Streets. According to legend, he came to acquire the property when he towed the wrecked ship Windward to shore there intending to salvage it. When the Colman building was later built on the site, the ship's hull was surrounded by land and buried under the foundation where it still lies in the sub-basement.
In 1888, Colman commissioned architect Stephen Meany to design a large office building that would occupy his property. His design was an ornate five story Victorian/Romanesque edifice faced in cement and featuring a large central tower. While the cornerstone was laid and foundation begun in early 1889, a shortage of stone plaguing the city forced Colman to put off construction in order to keep collecting rents on buildings still on the property as long as possible. Construction of the building was made easier when the Great Seattle Fire of 1889 wiped out all of the buildings on the block. Construction commenced as soon as the debris was cleared.
During the rebuilding of Seattle in the aftermath of the fire, a huge surplus of office space was being created with all of the multi-story structures being built simultaneously. Noticing this, Colman halted construction of the building, which had only reached its second floor. It remained in this unfinished form for the next fifteen years. Despite its stunted growth, the Colman became an important business address in the city and housed many notable businesses and social clubs like the Elks and the Seattle Bureau of Information, whose sole purpose was to keep the newspapers in on the East coast supplied with good news about the city. The Customs House operated within the Colman Building as well as the Circuit Court. Architect Meany moved his offices into the building and The Dexter Horton Bank, a predecessor to Seafirst Bank, relocated to the building in 1890 while their new building was being built.
In July 1895 the corrugated iron-clad warehouses occupying the other half of the block burned to the ground. Colman replaced them with a 3-story stone warehouse building, known as The Colman Block Annex, which eventually functioned for many years as a candy factory, before being demolished in the mid-20th century for a parking lot. Today, this is the site of Griffis Seattle Waterfront (Formerly known as The Post Apartments.)
Reconstruction
Construction of the Colman Building was finally resumed in February 1904 and by this time, architectural tastes had changed, and Colman hired Norwegian architect August Tidemand, who had designed the Colman Block Annex ten years prior, to completely rebuild the building in a Chicago School style while still echoing the building's intended 1889 layout. Tenants were moved to the nearby Burke Building until construction finished. Perks of the new building would include 300 offices, fireproof construction and stair fire escapes. Another improvement over the old building would be the addition of three elevators with 24-hour operators. As construction began in early 1904 The Seattle Times noted the improved service over that of the Colman Building at the time:
Reconstruction of the building involved removing most of the brick facade and arches to be replaced with stone, with the floors above to be executed in brick trimmed with stone, all crowned by a projecting copper cornice. Several cast-iron elements from Meany's original design including the entrance arch and storefront columns were retained and integrated into the new facade. When completed in 1906, the new building rose six stories high and cost $150,000.
The Colman Building housed several businesses that catered to miners during the Alaska Gold Rush as well as housing several administrative offices for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in 1908-9.
The lobby of the building was completely rebuilt in 1930 with designs by Seattle architect Arthur Loveless.
Recent history
On March 16, 1972, the Colman Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In October 1978, the building was purchased by CHG-City Center Investors, who began a ten-year, three phase process of restoring the building to its original grandeur. On March 19, 1990, the Colman Building became a City of Seattle Landmark (Ordinance #114993) on nomination by CHG International of Federal Way, Washington, with James Mason as their agent.
The Colman Building was brought back to local ownership in 1997 when Triad Development purchased the building for $7.1 million from Plaza Realty Holdings Inc. of Long Beach, California. They had in turn purchased the building out of foreclosure in 1996. Triad spent over $2 million in renovations including new air conditioning and better interior lighting as well improving street level businesses. In 2019, Unico Properties purchased the Colman Building for approximately $37 million.
See also
Colman Dock
National Register of Historic Places listings in King County, Washington#Seattle
List of landmarks in Seattle
References
1900s architecture in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Seattle
Buildings and structures in Seattle
Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Downtown Seattle
Chicago school architecture in Washington (state)
1906 establishments in Washington (state)
Office buildings completed in 1906 |
Mirosternus vestitus is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae.
References
Further reading
Ptinidae
Beetles described in 1910 |
The International Race Grand Prix Doliny Baryczy Milicz is a one-day cycling race held annually in Poland. It was first held in 2016 and has been part of the UCI Europe Tour in category 1.2 since 2018.
Winners
References
Cycle races in Poland
2016 establishments in Poland
Recurring sporting events established in 2016
UCI Europe Tour races
Summer events in Poland |
Josephine Crease (August 7, 1864 – December 24, 1947) was a Canadian artist.
Life
She was the daughter of Sir Henry Pering Pellew Crease and Lady Sarah Lindley Crease. She was born in New Westminster and moved to Victoria with her family in 1869. She attended art classes at King's College in London with her sister Susan.
Crease took sketching trips around Vancouver Island and painted watercolours of local landscapes. She was a founding member of the Island Arts and Crafts Society, serving as its honorary president in 1939, and a member of the Victoria Sketch Club, serving as its president in 1903. She was included in exhibitions by the British Columbia Society of Fine Arts, at the Vancouver Art Gallery, which exhibited her work in 1978, and at the Victoria Fair.
She died in Victoria at the age of 83.
Her work is held in the collections of the Provincial Archives of British Columbia and the Art Gallery of Greater Victoria.
Further reading
For more on the Crease's participation in the arts, see Christina B Johnson-Dean, The Crease family and the arts in Victoria, British Columbia, Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 1983.
References
External links
1864 births
1947 deaths
Artists from British Columbia
Canadian watercolourists
Canadian landscape painters
Canadian women artists
Alumni of King's College London
People from New Westminster
Women watercolorists
Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866) people |
Arthur S. De Vany (born August 29, 1937) is an American economist who has studied the Hollywood film industry and developed theories of evolutionary fitness focusing on nutrition and exercise in the paleo (caveman) manner. He is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of California, Irvine.
Education
De Vany earned his B.A. in economics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1963; his M.A. in economics from UCLA in 1965; and his Ph.D. in economics from UCLA in 1970. He also trained at the Legal Institute for Economists at Emory University in 1982.
Motion picture economics
De Vany has researched motion picture economics, having created mathematical and statistical models of the dynamics of information to precisely describe the motion picture market in terms of kurtosis, skewness, wildness and uncertainty. His work has also covered other industries including water and energy.
His theses were collectively published in 2003 as Hollywood Economics: How Extreme Uncertainty Shapes the Film Industry. Using the motion picture industry's film budget and box office data provided by third-party information services such as Rentrak and Variety magazine, De Vany found that the historical relationship between a motion picture's cost and revenue converge to a group of stable distributions he describes as the Paretian distribution, i.e., the relationship between a motion picture's cost and revenue was wildly unpredictable compared to other investments.
In 1991, along with Ross Eckert, he published his Paramount Antitrust paper, an economic analysis of the landmark United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. decision, in which he found historical and economic reasons for the practices that were challenged by the Department of Justice, and in which most of his key ideas were expressed far before he confirmed them statistically.
In 1996, along with W. David Walls, he published the Bose-Einstein paper in the Economic Journal. Using the Bose–Einstein statistics concept used for quantum physics, he showed the complex convergence toward the Pareto distribution during the theatrical run and the way word-of-mouth drove a theatrical run's almost chaotic behavior. He was able to show that the film industry was able to adjust to such phenomena using adaptive, exhibition contracts and decentralizing decisions to be allocated to the local exhibitor through the hold-over and rental terms of the contract.
In an article co-authored with W. David Walls and published in Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, he also coined the phrase "superstar's curse" to describe the dilemma film producers face in hiring movie stars. Producers calculate the expected increase that a star will provide to a film's profit, then pay that star the difference. However, the returns of film are heavily skewed, such that the expected return (in statistical terms, the mean) is higher than the most common return (the mode). 80% of the time, the film will return less than the expected return. Thus, 80% of the time, the film will lose money.
Evolutionary fitness
De Vany has worked on the concept of evolutionary fitness (similar to the Paleolithic lifestyle). He outlines his approach in The New Evolution Diet: What Our Paleolithic Ancestors Can Teach Us about Weight Loss, Fitness, and Aging (December 2010). His ideas about fitness include a diet and fitness regime that promotes a more random behavior that mimics the natural way ancestral people lived in place of the steady and regular eating and sparse exercise that are the norm in Western societies. He follows a diet that mimics the diet of ancient humans during the Paleolithic period with carefully selected modern foods such as vegetables, lean meat and seafood, fresh fruits and nuts. He also advocates glucose restriction and intermittent fasting as methods to turn down the aging pathways.
Career
Co-founder and Chief Scientist, Extremal Film Partners, Santa Monica, CA, 2007
Member, Evolution, Complexity and Cognition Group, Free University of Brussels, 2010
Professor of Economics and member of Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 1984–2003
Associate, Center for Computable Economics, UCLA, 1995–1998
Professor, University of Houston, University Park, Houston, Texas, 1981–1984
Professor, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada, 1980–1981
Fellow, University of Chicago, Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, and the Law School, Chicago, Illinois, 1978–1979
President and co-founder, Resources Research Corporation, College Station, Texas, 1977–1979
Professor, Department of Economics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1977–1979
Associate Professor, Texas A&M University, Department of Economics, College Station, Texas, 1971–1977
Published research on motion picture economics
De Vany, Arthur. "Uncertainty, waiting time and capacity utilization – a stochastic theory of product quality". Journal of Political Economy, 84: 523–541, 1976
De Vany, Arthur. "Contracting in the movies when 'nobody knows anything'". In Victor Ginsburg, editor, Proceedings of the Rotterdam Conference on Cultural Economics, North-Holland, 2003
DeVany, Arthur S. and Cassey Lee. "Motion pictures and the stable Paretian hypothesis". IMBS working paper, University of California at Irvine, 2000
De Vany, Arthur S. and Cassey Lee. "Quality signals in information cascades and the dynamics of the distribution of motion picture box office revenues". Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 25: 593–614, 2001
De Vany, Arthur S. and Ross Eckert. "Motion picture antitrust: the Paramount cases revisited". Research in Law and Economics, 14: 51–112, 1991
De Vany, Arthur and Hank McMillan. "Markets, hierarchies, and antitrust in the motion picture industry". Working paper, Economics Department, University of California, Irvine, 1993
De Vany, Arthur S. and W. David Walls. "Innovation tournaments: an analysis of rank, diffusion and survival in motion pictures". Paper presented, NBER Conference on New Products, Cambridge, MA, 1993
De Vany, Arthur S. and W. David Walls. "Bose–Einstein dynamics and adaptive contracting in the motion picture industry". Economic Journal, 439(106): 1493–1514, 1996. [Reprinted in Hollywood Economics.]
De Vany, Arthur S. and W. David Walls. "The market for motion pictures: Rank, revenue and survival". Economic Inquiry, 4(35): 783–797, November 1997. [Reprinted in Hollywood Economics.]
De Vany, Arthur S. and W. David Walls. "Private information, demand cascades and the blockbuster strategy". IMBS working paper, University of California at Irvine, 2000. [Reprinted in Hollywood Economics.]
De Vany, Arthur and W. David Walls. "Does Hollywood make too many R-rated movies? Risk, stochastic dominance, and the illusion of expectation". Journal of Business, 75(3): 425–451, April 2002. [Reprinted in Hollywood Economics.]
De Vany, Arthur and W. David Walls. "Motion picture profit, the stable Paretian hypothesis, and the curse of the superstar". Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2002. [Reprinted in Hollywood Economics.]
De Vany, Arthur and W. David Walls. "Quality evaluations and the breakdown of statistical herding in the dynamics of box office revenues". IMBS working paper, University of California at Irvine, 2002. [Reprinted in Hollywood Economics.]
De Vany, Arthur S. and W. David Walls. "Uncertainty in the movie industry: does star power reduce the terror of the box office?". Journal of Cultural Economics, 23(4): 285–318, November 1999. [Reprinted in Hollywood Economics.]
References
External links
UC Irvine faculty page
1937 births
Living people
Economists from California
University of California, Irvine faculty
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
University of Houston faculty
Academic staff of Simon Fraser University
Texas A&M University faculty
Place of birth missing (living people)
Paleolithic diet advocates
Economists from Texas |
This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 377 of the United States Reports:
External links
1964 in United States case law |
Violent Rome () is an Italian 1975 poliziottesco film directed by Marino Girolami It obtained a great commercial success and launched the career of Maurizio Merli. The film is the first entry into the Commissioner Betti Trilogy.
Cast
Maurizio Merli as Commissioner Betti
Richard Conte as Lawyer Sartori
Silvano Tranquilli as capo della Squadra Mobile
Ray Lovelock as Biondi
John Steiner as Franco Spadoni aka 'Chiodo'
Daniela Giordano as Lover of Betti
Luciano Rossi as Delivery Man
Production
After the financial success of High Crime, producer Edmondo Amati offered director Enzo G. Castellari to direct another film in the same vein. Castellari stated that he asked for more money but could not come to an agreement with the producer which led to Amati calling Castellari's father Marino Girolami to direct the film and cast Maurizio Merli. The film was shot at Incir – De Paolis in Rome.
Release
Violent Rome was released on 13 August 1975 where it was distributed by Fida. The film grossed a total of 2,495,950,443 Italian lire domestically. In the United Kingdom the film was released as Street Killers.
Notes
References
External links
Commissioner Betti
1975 films
Poliziotteschi films
Films directed by Marino Girolami
Films scored by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis
1970s Italian films |
Marketisation or marketization is a restructuring process that enables state enterprises to operate as market-oriented firms by changing the legal environment in which they operate.
This is achieved through reduction of state subsidies, organizational restructuring of management (corporatization), decentralization and in some cases partial privatization. These steps, it is argued, will lead to the creation of a functioning market system by converting the previous state enterprises to operate under market pressures as state-owned commercial enterprises.
Aspects
Marketized solutions of government and market externalities
Here the government seeks to solve market and government externalities with market-based solutions rather than through direct administrative means. Supporters argue that the market externality of pollution can be addressed through the sale of pollution permits to companies and corporations, thus allowing the market to "see" the information and "realize" the harm done by allowing the market to transmit pollution costs to society. This is presented as an alternative to direct administrative means, whereby the government would use command and control means to direct state enterprises and private firms to comply with the guidelines.
Marketization of government branches
This is often described as "competitive federalism" or "limited government". Proponents argue that markets perform better than government administration. Therefore, marketisation seeks to make government agencies and branches compete with each other when government branches and agencies are absolutely necessary (i.e. remaining agencies and branches not privatized or liberalized away). For example, supporters argue that a voucher system for public education would make public schools compete with one another thus making them more accountable and efficient.
Theory
Critics of globalization, privatization, and liberalization have deemed that it is unworkable without major government regulations to balance the forces involved. They argue that marketization can result in market failure.
Free Market thinkers like Hayek, Friedman and von Mises believe markets can work with far less government regulation. As they see it, the combination of liberalization, privatization, and marketization ensure that globalization fulfills the promises of peace, prosperity, and cooperation that its liberal scholars and philosophers have promised. Without marketization, supporters argue that government created externalities can distort the information available to the market which in turn makes the market not work as well as it could.
Examples
Milton Friedman offers examples of what marketized government solutions can look like. Friedman's proposed education voucher system promotes competition between public schools (and private) thus creating a market-based solution to educational issues.
See Private prison. This phenomenon is now permeating into Higher Education in general, with research suggesting that students rather than being perceived as learners are now viewed as customers and therefore a critical component in the business model of many universities
Marketization of the nonprofit and voluntary sector
Overview of nonprofit organizations
Nonprofit organizations came to fruition when people began to recognize that society had needs for services rendered by neither the government nor the private sector. These organizations were created to address these needs. However, due to their overall missions, it is frowned upon for these organizations to make a profit. Therefore, by their very nature, their funding sources remain ambiguous. This results in nonprofits becoming resource dependent and continuing to struggle to find and maintain funding. This struggle has resulted in marketization of NPOs.
Rationale behind the marketization of nonprofits
Commercialization or marketization (the terms are often used interchangeably in the marketization debate among scholars) occurs when an NPO decides to provide goods or services with the intent of turning a profit. Nonprofits' resource dependency often lead them to constantly look for additional, nonconventional for nonprofit, funding. Factors behind a nonprofits decision to marketize are usually compounded by issues such as increased demand for services, inability to tax, and other funding sources' inability to cover operational and service costs for the NPO. In return, the NPO enters into a mixed marketplace and thus begins to compete either with other NPO's or for-profit entities.
Funding sources
Nonprofit organizations have been notoriously plagued with funding issues since their inception. This is due largely in part to the basic concept of nonprofits: to provide a service that neither the government nor the private sector provides a population. Nonprofit organizations receive funding in three ways: 1. Public sources and subsidies; 2. Charitable giving, endowments, major donors; 3. Fee-based services and venture enterprises.
Public sources and subsidies
A public source refers to government assistance either through awarded grants or appropriated funding. Prior to the 1960s, nonprofit organizations relied mostly on fee-for-services and charitable giving. However, with the political climate changing significantly, it became apparent that society was using nonprofit organizations more than before. Additionally, governmental entities realized that by entering into a public-private partnership, they could fund nonprofit organizations and essentially hire then to provide services that governments did not want to provide. Nonprofit organizations began to apply and receive grant awards and appropriations for services. This trend in funding began to decline in the 1980s under the Reagan administration. With the reduction in funding available from the federal government, nonprofits have become increasingly competitive amongst each other.
Additionally, grant money often comes with performance measures or quotas that are required to meet in order to maintain funding. Many nonprofits do not have either the administrative capacity to track this data or the ability to physically meet the performance measures.
Charitable giving, endowments, and major donors
Charitable giving, endowments and donations do play a significant role in funding for NPOs. However, this still does not provide enough funding for NPOs to maintain sustainability and provide adequate services.
Fee-for-services
A fee-based service is not a new concept for nonprofit organizations. Prior to the 1960s, nonprofits quite often utilized a fee-for-service model. This most commonly is seen in nonprofit hospitals. Additionally, gift shops at museums are another form of revenue often associated with fee-for-service models.
Perspectives on marketization: A pro/con discussion of current literature
Literature related to the marketization of the nonprofit and voluntary sector is broad in scope and enhanced marketization of the sector is the subject of “considerable debate among both scholars and practitioners." One side of the debate asserts potential positive effects from increased marketization and one side engages the idea that primarily negative effects are associated with the integration of commercial ideology within nonprofit organizations.
Pro
Marketization is seen by some to hold the ability to provide positive outcomes for nonprofit organizations. One such potential benefit is the diversification of revenue streams and enhanced financial stability. With commercial and market approaches gaining popularity as alternative or supplementary funding sources, their flexibility and less-restrictive nature as revenue sources are noted.
Portions of the literature surrounding nonprofit marketization also consider the positive effects that result from the aforementioned diversified and more sustainable collection of revenue streams. The ability of market-associated activities to “contribute to an organization’s self sufficiency and ability to attract and retain staff” is discussed. The efficiency and effectiveness of organizations utilizing market-based revenue strategies are said to see potential enhancement “by reducing the need for donated funds, by providing a more reliable, diversified funding base”, or by enhancing the overall quality of programs “by instilling market discipline".
Studies conducted of commercial activity in national nonprofit services associations and voluntary social agencies "discovered that such initiatives were generally related to and contributed substantively to mission accomplishment". In the same vein, it has been said that leaders within the nonprofit sector can see benefit from understanding and finding ways to employ commercial forces for social good.
Con
Negative associations between marketization and the nonprofit sector are also present within the literature. One of the main criticisms brought forth against the integration of commercial principles and activities within voluntary organizations is the potential for diversion from the original organization mission. According to Tuckman, a “strong likelihood exists that the missions of nonprofits engaged in commercial activities will grow more ambiguous over time.” The potential tendency of leadership to increasingly look at activities in terms of revenue is also as a result of increased commercial activity is discussed.
Structural organizational changes are also mentioned as a potential negative impact of enhanced commercial activity among nonprofits. From organizational changes necessary to accommodate market-based endeavors, such as growth in “number and scope” of administrative offices that manage profit-seeking efforts, to the “tendency to replace traditional, social problem-focused board members with entrepreneurial, business-oriented individuals,” changes take effort from work directly related to mission accomplishment.
Aside from diversion from mission and structural/staffing changes, the literature notes the potential for lost sector legitimacy as the “distinctions between the business, government, and nonprofit sectors continue to blur and their efforts overlap." Related to this blurring effect, is the theory that civil society is at risk as a result of enhanced marketization within the voluntary organizations. Eikenberry and Kluver, in their article entitled, “The Marketization of the Nonprofit Sector: Civil Society at Risk,” describes the idea that marketization trends negatively impact the unique roles nonprofit organizations play within society. Overall, this theory stands on the thesis that marketization “may harm democracy and citizenship because of its impact on nonprofit organizations’ ability to create and maintain a strong civil society."
The responsibility of nonprofits to those in need is said to become potentially overshadowed by economic and competition-centered values that result from enhanced market-based and commercial activities. Increased desire of voluntary organizations to “secure competitive advantage in the pursuit of producing individual-level goods and services for those who can afford them,” rather than those defined in the original organizational mission.
Marketisation and existing Market Theory
In considering the applicability of the existing literature on contingency theory and perspectives on competitive advantage to the marketised social care sector in the UK, Dearnaley identified a number of areas in each that restrict its value in analysing and responding to the new market environment: the retrospective nature of theories of competitive advantage and foci on differentiation and cost leadership make these inappropriate for this new marketplace; the intangibility of competitive advantage, and particularly sustainable competitive advantage; the relative inflexibility of classical contingency theory.
See also
Corporatization
Deregulation
Privatization
Liberalization
Globalization
Capitalism
Free market
Classic liberalism
State capitalism
Market socialism
References
Further reading
Academic Entrepreneurialism and Its Related Concepts: A Review of the Literature by Hei-hang Hayes Tang; Published 2009, Research Studies in Education 7: 42–49;.
Democracy, the Economy and the Marketisation of Education by Hugh Lauder; Published 1992, Victoria University Press; .
Globalization and Marketization in Education: A Comparative Study of Hong Kong and Singapore by Ka-Ho Mok, Jason Tan; Published 2004, Edward Elgar Publishing; .
Governance And Marketisation In Vocational And Continuing Education by Rudolf Husemann, Anja Heikkinen; Published 2004, Peter Lang Publishing, Incorporated; .
Marketisation of Governance: Critical Feminist Perspectives from the South by Viviene Taylor; Published 2000, SADEP, University of Cape Town; .
Marketization and Democracy: East Asian Experiences by Samantha Fay Ravich; Published 2000, Cambridge University Press; .
Marketisation of the Careers Service by Jane V.Helmsley Brown, Nicholas Foskett; Published 1998, University of Southampton, Centre for Research in Education Marketing; .
Marketization, Restructuring and Competition in Transition Industries of Central and Eastern Europe by Marvin R. Jackson, Wouter Biesbrouck; Published 1995, Avebury; .
Pluralism and Marketisation in the Health Sector: Meeting Health Needs in Contexts of Social Change in Low and Middle Income Countries by Gerald Bloom, Hilary Standing; Published 2001, Institute of Development Studies; .
Politics of Marketization in Rural China by Wei Pan; Published 2001, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated; .
Social Welfare and the Market: Papers from a Conference on Marketisation by Frances Millard; Published 1988, Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines; .
The Marketization of Social Security by John E. Dixon, Mark Hyde; Published 2001, Quorum/Greenwood; .
Understanding Marketisation Within the Chinese Information Sector by Doris Fischer; Published 2003, Institut für Rundfunkökonomie (Institute for Broadcasting Economics, Cologne University); .
The Marketization of Society: Economizing the Non-Economic by Uwe Schimank and Ute Volkmann; Published 2012; Bremen: Research Cluster “Welfare Societies”.
Decentralization
Economic liberalization
Market (economics)
Economic globalization |
Rudolf Kleiner (21 June 1924 – 9 September 2012) was a Swiss speed skater. He competed in two events at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
References
External links
1924 births
2012 deaths
Swiss male speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for Switzerland
Speed skaters at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Basel-Stadt |
The 2015 European Champions Cup was a European baseball competition, held from June 2, to August 9, 2015. This was the fifty-third iteration of the Cup since its inaugural tournament in 1963. The champions were Dutch team Curaçao Neptunus, winning their eighth title.
List of competing teams
First round
Paris Group
|}
Unipolsai Bologna and T&A San Marino advance to playoff with best HTH.
Playoff
Rotterdam Group
Draci Brno advances to playoff with better HTH.
|}
Playoff
Championship
Game 1
Game 2
Game 3
Statistics leaders
Batting
Pitching
See also
European Baseball Championship
Asia Series
Caribbean Series
References
European Cup (baseball)
International baseball competitions in Europe
2015 in baseball |
The Dirty Dozen: The Fatal Mission is a 1988 made-for-TV film directed by Lee H. Katzin, and is the third sequel to the 1967 film The Dirty Dozen. It features an all-new "dirty dozen", with the exception of the returning Joe Stern, under the leadership of Major Wright (performed by Telly Savalas). The plot concerns Major Wright and his convict commando squad attempting to stop 12 top Nazis, who are trying to organize a Fourth Reich.
Synopsis
Opening
The film opens with Major Wright leading a group of commandos in Nazi-occupied Denmark. The group is on their way to meet up with a "good German," Naval Captain Carl Ludwig. As Ludwig appears through the fog to Major Wright and his men, they are glad to see he's alone, however, he is actually being followed by a German patrol. Realizing that they cannot allow Ludwig to be captured alive, the commandos spring into action. Ludwig is shot by the patrol, as Major Wright and his commandos arrive and kill them. Before he succumbs to his wounds, Ludwig utters the phrase, "vierundzwanzig, zwanzig" (2420), which Major Wright does not understand.
Back in England, Major Wright, Major General Worden, Lieutenant Carol Campbell and a British Lieutenant Colonel are driving along when they happen upon two American GIs brawling outside a pub. Major Wright has the two men, Fred Collins and Tom Ricketts, arrested, because "they might come in handy on the next mission."
At U.S. Army Headquarters in London, the Colonel and others are seen discussing the Germans' plans for developing a Fourth Reich (in case they lose the war) in the Middle East under the guidance of SS General Kurt Richter who has selected 12 loyal and influential Nazis under age 35 to be transported to Istanbul and build the new Reich over the course of 10 years, 20 years or a century if necessary. The 12 men will be boarding a train in Munich and will travel along the old Orient Express route to Istanbul in neutral Turkey.
Major Wright is ordered to recruit 12 men from Forbes Road Military Prison for a suicide mission aimed at preventing the train from reaching its destination and killing Richter's selected 12 Nazis.
Before making his selections at Forbes Road, Major Wright is joined by Major General Worden, who reveals that SS Gruppenführer Richter's 12 men will be riding in Orient Express train car #2420, which explains Captain Ludwig's words.
Training
Once again, Major Wright is joined by Sergeant Holt, who assists in keeping the 'dirty dozen' in line.
The group is shown practicing their bayonet technique, during which a few of the men display their disdain for the major.
Meanwhile, at SS Headquarters in Berlin, numerous SS officers are shown being briefed by General Richter on the exploits of Major Wright and Richter informs them that he has recruited a new 'dirty dozen' and intends to try to stop the Orient Express from reaching its destination. Richter reveals that this info was supplied by an informant who is close to the situation.
The 'dirty dozen' are to take their first and last training jumps at night due to time constraints. When his turn comes to jump, D'Agostino panics and has to be 'persuaded' out of the plane. The last member of the dozen to jump is Hoffman, however, his chute never opens and he 'bounces.'
The next day, Major Wright brings the Colonel and Lieutenant Campbell out to reveal that upon recovering Hoffman's body, he found that Hoffman's chute had been sabotaged. Having lost his European 'expert,' Campbell volunteers her services to Major Wright, as she had spent her formative years in Europe while her father served as a diplomat and possesses extensive knowledge of various European languages and customs, including Yugoslavia. Major Wright is skeptical at first and tells her of the danger, but he ultimately accepts, making Campbell the first female member of the 'dirty dozen.'
In the film room the rest of the dozen are introduced to Lieutenant Campbell and then go through identifying Richter's 12 and their importance to the Fourth Reich mission. Afterwards, the dozen are supposed to view a film on Nazi-occupied Yugoslavia, however, that film was switched with a blue film.
On their final day of training, the 'dirty dozen' undergo a train jumping exercise, which involves them staying out of sight and then dropping down onto a train from bridge supports. When the dozen completes this successfully, Major Wright knows they are ready, and rewards them with a final night of drunken debauchery and female companionship. As the men celebrate, General Worden and the Colonel arrive, which we learn was at Major Wright's request. The major reveals that he believes there is a traitor in the 'dirty dozen' who is feeding information to the Germans. Both General Worden and (particularly) the Colonel want to abort the mission, but Major Wright talks them out of it, saying down the line he'll figure out who the traitor is and get rid of him.
Mission
Major Wright, figuring the Germans will be waiting at the drop zone, orders the pilots to drop the 'dirty dozen' some 20 miles away from Skopje. The Yugoslavian Resistance Fighters who were stationed at the original drop zone are surrounded by the SS and shot. One is "allowed" to survive for "interrogation purposes."
In Skopje, Major Wright and Demchuk don civilian clothes and go to the apartment of Resistance leader Yelena Voskovic where they are greeted suspiciously due to the disappearance of the Resistance fighters sent to meet the dozen at the drop zone. Major Wright is able to defuse the tenuous situation and the 'dirty dozen' and the Resistance fighters band together.
Meanwhile, the SS are shown torturing the lone surviving Resistance fighter, who happens to be Yelena's brother. He passes out before giving them any information.
As the dozen and the Resistance group are resting at a farmhouse, Major Wright reveals to a concerned Stern and Hamilton that there is a traitor in the dirty dozen this time, and that's why plans have changed.
Back on the trail, the 'dirty dozen' and the partisans disguise themselves as Macedonian Orthodox mourners transporting a coffin (carrying Hamilton) to cross through a checkpoint. A German guard checks the coffin and is met by machine gun fire from Hamilton and a battle ensues, with the group successfully destroying the checkpoint with only one casualty, Munoz.
Later on, while the group is resting in the woods at night, Major Wright reveals the new attack point - east of Sofia. It is here that Stern and Lieutenant Campbell share a tender moment and kiss.
Back in England at U.S. Army Headquarters, the Colonel informs General Worden that no attack has taken place yet and that he has put the 12th Fighter Command on standby.
Now in Sofia, and dressed as civilians, Major Wright, Demchuk, Yelena and one of her men kill the Bulgarian soldier and an officer, who guards at a major bridge checkpoint. The helmets of the Bulgarian soldiers have the Bulgarian national flag on the right, but the colors are in a wrong order: White on top, green in the middle, red on the bottom. The green and red are switched. The rest of the dozen to get ready for the forthcoming train. Meanwhile, aboard the train, General Richter addresses his 12 men. One of them, Kranz, reveals that Hitler has given him a letter that names Richter as Hitler's successor and leader of the Fourth Reich.
As the train reaches the bridge, the 'dirty dozen' infiltrate it and the battle begins. While heading through the train cars to get to Richter's 12, Hamilton is wounded in the leg. Demchuk makes his way to the locomotive and seizes control of the train. Echevarria is wounded in the shoulder and Wilson and Porter are killed while clearing out the train. Major Wright and Yelena secure the rear, completing total control of the train. With the targets locked in car #2420, Major Wright decides to hold them as hostages instead of killing them.
The Germans (Actually, Bulgarian soldiers, wearing Bulgarian uniforms and speaking Bulgarian language), in an attempt to block the train, move a tanker car in its path, causing Demchuk to bring the train to a screeching halt. Major Wright goes to check the situation and is followed by D'Agostino who decides to "provide cover." Sensing trouble, Major Wright catches D'Agostino placing a grenade on the tanker. After removing the grenade, Major Wright confronts D'Agostino, questions him as to why he would sell out his country and then shoots him. The major then decides to attach the tanker to the front of the train as "insurance."
As the train approaches Dranos, Greece, the Germans set up a road block. Seeing and expecting the road block, Major Wright orders everyone (but Richter's 12) off the train as the Germans, led by Richter, open fire.
In the ensuing battle, Ricketts is mortally wounded and Mitchell is killed while leaping from the train, and Demchuk is killed before he can even exit the locomotive. The train (and tanker), now just carrying Richter's 12 plows through the German road block creating a chain reaction of explosions that destroys the German unit stationed there, General Richter, and the 12 men in car #2420.
Major Wright and the survivors move out to link up with a British submarine in the Aegean Sea and head back to England, however, Yelena opts to go back to Yugoslavia and join up with Tito's partisans because "[her] life is here, always."
Besides Major Wright and Sergeant Holt, the survivors of the 'dirty dozen' are: Joseph Stern, Lieutenant Campbell, Joseph Hamilton, Fred Collins and Roberto Echevarria.
Cast
References
External links
1988 television films
1988 films
1980s English-language films
Films directed by Lee H. Katzin
Television sequel films
American action television films
War adventure films
Films set on trains
War films set in Partisan Yugoslavia
World War II films based on actual events
Films set in Axis-occupied Greece
Films set in Bulgaria
Films shot in Croatia
American World War II films
Films about the United States Army
1980s American films
World War II television films |
Utah State Route 98 may refer to:
Utah State Route 98 (1969–2000), a former state highway in western Weber County, Utah, United States, that connected Utah State Route 27 in Hooper with Utah State Route 108 in Roy (it was added to Utah State Route 97 in 2000)
Utah State Route 98 (1935-1969), a former state highway in western Iron County, Utah, United States, that connected Utah State Route 56 at Beryl Junction with Beryl
See also
List of state highways in Utah
List of highways numbered 98 |
This is a timeline documenting the events of heavy metal music in the year 1993.
Newly formed bands
Abigor
Ablaze My Sorrow
Acid King
Adorned Brood
Aeternus
Anata
Apocalyptica
Arckanum
Artension
Aura Noir
Avalanch
Bestial Warlust
Botch
Breach
Burst
Capharnaum
Children of Bodom (as Inearthed)
Cirith Gorgor
Cirrha Niva
Coal Chamber
Dark Funeral
Dark Moor
Darkwoods My Betrothed
Deeds of Flesh
Defeated Sanity
Demoniac
Diabolical Masquerade
Dimmu Borgir
The Donnas
Dub War
Einherjer
Electric Wizard
Enthroned
Extol
Filter
Forgotten Silence
Funeral Mist
Gehenna
God Lives Underwater
Grip Inc.
HammerFall
Hanzel und Gretyl
Hecate Enthroned
Horna
Keep of Kalessin
Korn
Korpiklaani
Lacrimas Profundere
Limbonic Art
Madder Mortem
Manes
Mass Hysteria
Melechesh
Midvinter
Misery Loves Co.
Mournful Congregation
Mushroomhead
Nagelfar
Nazxul
Nile
Nocte Obducta
Nothingface
Old Man's Child
Orphanage
Panzerchrist
Papa Roach
Pegazus
Pist.On
Rhapsody of Fire
Rotten Sound
Sacrificium
Sear Bliss
Setherial
Sheavy
Six Feet Under
Slash's Snakepit
Spastic Ink
Storm
Strongarm
Summoning
Superjoint
Taake
Theatre of Tragedy
Thou Art Lord
To/Die/For
Tsjuder
Tulus
Ulver
Unholy Grave
Ved Buens Ende
Vlad Tepes
Voodoocult
Waylander
Zao
Reformed bands
Atheist
Cream- for a few shows
Dio
Dokken
Albums
Accept – Objection Overruled
Aerosmith – Get a Grip
Alleycat Scratch – Deadboys in Trash City
Aggressor – Procreate the Petrifactions
Amorphis - Privilege of Evil (EP)
Anacrusis – Screams and Whispers
Anathema – Serenades
Anal Cunt - Everyone Should Be Killed
Angra – Angels Cry
Annihilator – Set the World on Fire
Anthrax – Sound of White Noise
April Wine - Attitude
Arcade – Arcade
At the Gates - With Fear I Kiss the Burning Darkness
Atheist – Elements
Bad Brains – Rise
Believer – Dimensions
Beherit – Drawing Down the Moon
Benediction - Transcend the Rubicon
Beowülf – Un-Sentimental
Blue Murder – Nothin but Trouble
Brujería - Matando Güeros
Brutality - Screams of Anguish
Brutal Truth - Perpetual Conversion (EP)
Bulletboys – Za-Za
Burzum – Aske (EP)
Burzum – Det som engang var
Cancer - The Sins of Mankind
Cannibal Corpse – Hammer Smashed Face (EP)
Carcass – Heartwork
Cathedral - The Ethereal Mirror
Cherry St. – Squeeze it Dry
Child'ƨ Play – Long Way
Clawfinger – Deaf Dumb Blind
Comecon - Converging Conspiracies
Conception – Parallel Minds
Coverdale/Page – Coverdale/Page
Craig Goldy – Insufficient Therapy
Cro-Mags – Near Death Experience
Crowbar – Crowbar
Cynic – Focus
Damaged - Do Not Spit
Danzig – Thrall-Demonsweatlive
Darkthrone – Under a Funeral Moon
Dark Tranquillity – Skydancer
Death – Individual Thought Patterns
Deceased - 13 Frightened Souls (EP)
Deep Purple – The Battle Rages On
Def Leppard – Retro Active (compilation)
Deliverance – Learn
Desultory - Into Eternity
Dio – Strange Highways (Europe release)
Disincarnate – Dreams of the Carrion Kind
Dismember - Indecent & Obscene
Dissection – The Somberlain
Dream Theater - Live at the Marquee
Earth (American band) - Earth 2 (album)
Earthshaker – Real
Earthshaker – Yesterday & Tomorrow
Edge of Sanity - The Spectral Sorrows
Entombed – Wolverine Blues
Entombed – Hollowman (EP)
Enuff Z'nuff - Animals with Human Intelligence
Europe – 1982–1992 (compilation)
Every Mothers Nightmare – Wake up Screaming
Eyehategod – Take as Needed for Pain
Fight – War of Words
Fishbone - Give a Monkey a Brain and He'll Swear He's the Center of the Universe
Gamma Ray – Insanity and Genius
The Gathering - Almost a Dance
Genitorturers - 120 Days of Genitorture
Gorguts - The Erosion of Sanity
Grave - ...And Here I Die... Satisfied (EP)
Guns N' Roses - The Spaghetti Incident?
Helloween – Chameleon
Hypocrisy - Osculum Obscenum
Hypocrisy - Pleasure of Molestation (EP)
Illdisposed - Four Depressive Seasons
Immortal – Pure Holocaust
Impaled Nazarene – Ugra Karma
Iron Maiden – A Real Live One (Live)
Iron Maiden – A Real Dead One (Live)
Iron Maiden – Live at Donington (Live)
Judas Priest – Metal Works '73–'93 (Compilation)
Kataklysm - The Mystical Gate of Reincarnation (EP)
Katatonia – Dance of December Souls
Kiss – Alive III (live)
KMFDM – Angst
Konkhra - Sexual Affective Disorder
Krabathor - Cool Mortification
Lacrimosa – Satura
Life of Agony – River Runs Red
Living Colour – Stain
Love/Hate - Let's Rumble
Macabre – Sinister Slaughter
Tony MacAlpine – Madness
Marduk - Those of the Unlight
Malevolent Creation - Stillborn
Duff McKagan – Believe in Me
Melvins – Houdini
Mercyful Fate – In the Shadows
Metal Church – Hanging in the Balance
Metallica – Live Shit: Binge & Purge (live box set)
Morbid Angel – Covenant
Morgana Lefay – Knowing Just as I
Morgana Lefay – The Secret Doctrine
Morgoth - Odium
Mortician - Mortal Massacre (EP)
Mortification - Post Momentary Affliction
Monster Magnet – Superjudge
Motörhead – Bastards
Mr Big – Bump Ahead
My Dying Bride – Turn Loose the Swans
My Dying Bride – The Thrash of Naked Limbs (EP)
Necrophobic – The Nocturnal Silence
Necrophobic – The Call (EP)
Neurosis – Enemy of the Sun
Ningen Isu – Rashōmon
Nirvana - In Utero
Nuclear Assault – Something Wicked
Overkill – I Hear Black
Pan.Thy.Monium - Khaooohs
Paradise Lost – Icon
Pearl Jam – Vs.
Pestilence – Spheres
Phantom Blue - Built to Perform
Pitchshifter – Desensitized
Pungent Stench - Dirty Rhymes & Psychotronic Beats (EP)
Quiet Riot – Terrified
Rage – The Missing Link
Robert Plant – Fate of Nations
Rotting Christ - Thy Mighty Contract
Rush – Counterparts
Sacred Reich – Independent
Satyricon - Dark Medieval Times
Savatage – Edge of Thorns
Scorpions – Face the Heat
Sentenced - North from Here
Sepultura – Chaos A.D.
Shotgun Messiah – Violent New Breed
Sick of It All – Live in a World Full of Hate (live)
Sinister – Diabolical Summoning
Sinner – Respect
Sleep – Sleep's Holy Mountain
Smashing Pumpkins – Siamese Dream
Steve Vai – Sex & Religion
Suffocation - Breeding the Spawn
Tad – Inhaler
Tad Morose – Leaving the Past Behind
Talisman – Genesis
Therapy? – Hats Off to the Insane
Therion - Symphony Masses: Ho Drakon Ho Megas
Tool – Undertow
Transmetal - Dante's Inferno
Treponem Pal – Excess and Overdrive
Type O Negative – Bloody Kisses
Unanimated - In the Forest of the Dreaming Dead
Uncle Slam – Will Work for Food
Unleashed – Across the Open Sea
Van Halen – Live: Right Here, Right Now (live)
Vince Neil – Exposed
Vio-lence – Nothing to Gain
Voïvod – The Outer Limits
Warrior Soul – Chill Pill
Winger – Pull
X Japan – Art of Life
Events
Accept reforms with Udo Dirkshneider on vocals for a new album and European/American tour
After a brief hiatus, Atheist reform to record their final album, Elements, in order to finish their third album contract to their record label. After this, the band breaks up again a year later.
Bruce Dickinson leaves Iron Maiden. Wolfsbane's singer Blaze Bayley is chosen to replace him.
Rob Halford of Judas Priest leaves the band to start his own project Fight
The band Betrayer assumes the name Belphegor
Michael Kiske of Helloween leaves the band due to personal reasons. He was replaced by Andi Deris.
Alex Skolnick and Louie Clemente of Testament are out of the band and replaced by James Murphy on guitar and John Tempesta on drums. Skolnick later joins Savatage to replace the late Criss Oliva.
Euronymous - guitarist and mainman of Norwegian black metal band Mayhem as well as founder and manager of record label Deathlike Silence Productions and Oslo store Helvete - was murdered on August 10, by fellow black metal musician Varg Vikernes (aka Count Grishnackh) of one-man band Burzum as well as bassist of Mayhem.
Criss Oliva of Savatage was killed in a car crash on October 17 by a drunk driver.
Japanese power metal band X changes their name to "X Japan".
References
1990s in heavy metal music
Metal |
Rudnik Wielki () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamienica Polska, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south of Częstochowa and north of the regional capital Katowice.
References
Rudnik Wielki |
The king brown snake (Pseudechis australis) is a species of highly venomous snake of the family Elapidae, native to northern, western, and Central Australia. Despite its common name, it is a member of the genus Pseudechis (black snakes) and only distantly related to true brown snakes. Its alternative common name is the mulga snake, although it lives in many habitats apart from mulga. First described by English zoologist John Edward Gray in 1842, it is a robust snake up to long. It is variable in appearance, with individuals from northern Australia having tan upper parts, while those from southern Australia are dark brown to blackish. Sometimes, it is seen in a reddish-green texture. The dorsal scales are two-toned, sometimes giving the snake a patterned appearance. Its underside is cream or white, often with orange splotches. The species is oviparous. The snake is considered to be a least-concern species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, though may have declined with the spread of the cane toad.
Its venom is not as potent as those of Australia's other dangerous snakes, but can still cause severe effects if delivered in large enough quantities. Its main effect is on striated muscle tissue, causing paralysis from muscle damage, and also commonly affects blood clotting (coagulopathy). Often, extensive pain and swelling occur, rarely with necrosis, at the bite site. Deaths from its bites have been recorded, with the most recent being in 1969. Its victims are treated with black snake (not brown snake) antivenom.
Taxonomy
The species was first described by English zoologist John Edward Gray in 1842 from a specimen collected at Port Essington in the Northern Territory. Gray saw little distinction from the Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) in his single preserved specimen—excepting the variation in ocular plates—and assigned the name Naja australis. On obtaining a second specimen from the College of Surgeons, Albert Günther of the British Museum recognised an affinity with the Australian species described as Pseudechis porphyriacus, resulting in the current combination as Pseudechis australis in the black snake genus Pseudechis. Scottish-Australian naturalist William Macleay described Pseudechis darwiniensis in 1878, from a more slender specimen that he thought was distinct from P. australis. Belgian-British zoologist George Albert Boulenger described P. cupreus in 1896 from a specimen collected from the Murray River, distinguishing P. darwiniensis from P. australis by the shape of the frontal scale. Austrian zoologist Franz Werner described Pseudechis denisonioides from Eradu, Western Australia in 1909. Australian naturalist Donald Thomson obtained a skull of a large specimen with a wide head collected from East Alligator River in Arnhem Land in 1914, naming it Pseudechis platycephalus in 1933. He distinguished it from P. australis on the basis of it having anteriorly grooved palatine and pterygoid teeth, and having blunt ridges and keels on the dorsal scales.
In 1955, Australian herpetologist Roy Mackay concluded that several species previously described were synonymous with P. australis, recognising that it was a highly variable taxon. He noted that P. australis had frontal scales of variable shape, and that grooves were present on the teeth of many specimens of Pseudechis, so these features did not support separate species. Australian herpetologists Richard W. Wells and C. Ross Wellington described Cannia centralis in 1985 from a specimen collected north of Tennant Creek in 1977, distinguishing it on the basis of a narrow head; however, the distinction was not supported by other authors. Two new species and a new genus have been described within this complex by Australian snake-handler Raymond Hoser—the eastern dwarf mulga snake (P. pailsei) from near Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia, and the Papuan pygmy mulga snake (P. rossignolii), found in Irian Jaya. Hoser later also resurrected the pygmy mulga snake (P. weigeli, originally described as Cannia weigeli by Wells and Wellington in 1987). These descriptions were initially received with skepticism due to the low level of evidence provided in the original descriptions.
The species was long regarded as monotypic and highly variable until German biologist Ulrich Kuch and colleagues analysed the mitochondrial DNA of specimens across its range in 2005. They recovered four distinct lineages (clades); cladeI (a New Guinea lineage of smaller snakes) diverged from the rest between six and four million years ago (Late Miocene to Early Pliocene), with the other three diverging in the Pleistocene. CladeII corresponded to a lineage of large snakes found across Australia, cladeIII was a dwarf form from the Kimberley, and cladeIV contained two dwarf forms from northwestern Queensland and the Northern Territory, each of which was likely to be a distinct species. In 2017, British herpetologist Simon Maddock and colleagues published a genetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA on the genus, and confirmed cladeI was P. rossignoli, cladeII was P. australis, cladeIII is an as yet unnamed dwarf species, and cladeIV is P. pailsi and P. weigeli. They also determined that P. australis was most closely related to P. butleri, the spotted mulga snake.
Australian medical researcher Struan Sutherland pointed out that the name "king brown snake" is a problem, as its venom is not neutralised by brown snake antivenom, which could endanger snake bite victims; he recommended dropping the name and the old term "Darwin brown snake", and using "mulga snake", instead. Further complicating the issue, the term "king brown snake" has been applied to any large brown snake. Australian snake expert Glenn Shea has also pointed out that "mulga snake" has issues in that the species lives in a wide range of habitats in addition to mulga. It has also been called the "Pilbara cobra". Australian zoologist Gerard Krefft called it the orange-bellied brown snake. In the Kaytetye language spoken in Central Australia, it is known as atetherr-ayne-wene, "budgerigar-eater". The term "king brown" refers to the great size of individuals in the north and northwest of Australia, which can exceed in length; it is the largest and most dangerous elapid of those regions. In Southwest Australia, where the species is up to , it is also known as the common mulga snake, distinguishing it from the spotted mulga snake Pseudechis butleri.
Description
Australia's largest venomous snake, the king brown snake can reach in length with a weight of , with males around 20% larger than females. The longest confirmed individual was in length. The king brown snake is robust, with a head slightly wider than the body, prominent cheeks and small eyes with red-brown irises, and a dark tongue. The head is demarcated from the body by a slight neck. Scales on the upper-parts, flanks and tail are two toned—pale or greenish yellow at the base and various shades of tan or copper, or all shades of brown from pale to blackish towards the rear. This gives the snake a reticulated pattern. The tail is often darker, while the crown is the same colour as the body. The belly is cream, white or salmon and can have orange marks.
The colours of the snakes' upper parts and sides differ from area to area within their range; those from northern Australia are tan, those from deserts in Central Australia have prominent white marks on each scale, giving a patterned appearance, and those from southern parts of its range are darker, even blackish. In Western Australia, king brown snakes south of a line through Jurien Bay, Badgingarra, New Norcia, and Quairading are significantly darker in colour.
Scalation
The number and arrangement of scales on a snake's body are key elements of identification to species level. The king brown snake has 17 rows of dorsal scales at mid-body, 185 to 225 ventral scales, 50 to 75 subcaudal scales (all undivided, or anterior ones undivided and posterior divided, or all divided), and a divided anal scale. The temporolabial scale and last (sixth) supralabial scale (both above the snake's mouth) are fused in the eastern brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) but separate in the king brown snake.
The king brown snake can be confused with brown snakes of the genus Pseudonaja, the olive python (Liasis olivaceus), water python (Liasis fuscus), spotted mulga snake, or coastal taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) where they co-occur.
Distribution and habitat
King brown snakes occur in all states of Australia except for Victoria and Tasmania. It has become rare or vanished from parts of coastal Queensland. The eastern limit of its range runs from Gladstone in central Queensland, and south through Gayndah, Dalby, the Warrumbungles, southwest to Condobolin and the vicinity of Balranald and then across to Port Pirie in South Australia. The southwestern limit of its range runs from Ceduna in South Australia, west through the northern Nullarbor Plain to Kalgoorlie, Narrogin and on coastal plains north of Perth.
King brown snakes are habitat generalists, inhabiting woodlands, hummock grasslands, chenopod scrublands, and gibber or sandy deserts nearly devoid of vegetation. Within the arid to semiarid parts of their range, however, they prefer areas of greater moisture such as watercourses.
They are often observed at modified habitats such as wheat fields, rubbish piles, and vacated buildings; individuals may become trapped in mine shafts and wellbores. Fieldwork near Alice Springs showed that they prefer areas with buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris), a common introduced weed in Central Australia, possibly because of the dense, year-round cover it provides.
Behaviour
The king brown snake is mostly crepuscular—active at dusk, and is less active during the middle of the day and between midnight and dawn, retiring to crevices in the soil, old animal burrows, or under rocks or logs. During warmer months, its activity shifts to later after dusk and into the evening. Across its range, it is more active during the day in cooler climates and at night in hotter climates.
Reproduction
The breeding season begins with males engaging in wrestling combat, each attempting to push the other over for the right to mate with a female. Mating follows—in the early Southern Hemisphere spring in southwest Western Australia, mid-spring in the Eyre Peninsula, and with the wet season in the north of the country. The species is oviparous, with one unverified claim of viviparity. Females produce a clutch of four to 19 eggs, averaging around 10, with longer females laying larger clutches, generally 39 to 45 days after mating has taken place. Eggs take about 70 to 100 days to hatch. The incubating temperature has been recorded as between . The eggs average in length by in width and weigh each. Baby snakes average in length and weigh on hatching.
King brown snakes have been reported to live up to 25 years in captivity.
Diet
The king brown snake is a generalist predator, preying on frogs, lizards including small monitors, skinks, geckos and agamids, other snakes including whip snakes, brown snakes, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), southern shovel-nosed snake (Brachyurophis semifasciatus), Gould's hooded snake (Parasuta gouldii) and crowned snake (Elapognathus coronatus), birds such as thornbills, and small mammals such as rodents and dasyurids. and spiders such as the infamous funnel web spiders, mouse spiders and tarantulas. The species has been reported eating roadkill, as well as the sloughed skins of other reptiles, and is known to exhibit cannibalism. Specimens in captivity have been observed eating their own faeces. It is opportunistic, eating a higher proportion of frogs in wetter areas.
King brown snakes are sensitive to cane toad toxins and have died after eating them. Despite this, field research before and after the arrival of cane toads to the Adelaide River floodplain in the Northern Territory did not show a decline in king brown snake numbers, though this could have been coincidental; the population of this species had already declined in the region.
Venom
The king brown snake accounted for 4% of identified snakebite attacks in Australia between 2005 and 2015, with no deaths recorded. The last recorded death occurred in 1969, when a 20-year-old man was bitten while reaching around for a packet of cigarettes under his bed in Three Springs, Western Australia. The man was treated over two days, with twice daily injections of death adder, brown snake and tiger snake antivenin, yet died in 37 hours despite this medical attention. This incident led to the introduction of Papuan black snake antivenom for treatment of king brown snake envenomation. Before this it had been confirmed in one fatality and suspected in another in the early 1960s. Venomous snakes normally only bite humans when disturbed. King brown snakes have been noted, however, to bite people who were asleep at the time. Furthermore, a significant number of victims have been snake handlers. These have resulted in a high proportion of bites occurring on upper limbs. The king brown snake is classified as a snake of medical importance by the World Health Organization.
The king brown snake can bite repeatedly and chew to envenomate a victim. Considerable pain, swelling, and tissue damage often occur at the site of a king brown snake bite. Local necrosis has been recorded. In 1998, a person bitten 9–12 times on his arm required an amputation of the envenomed limb. He reported later that he had impulsively decided to commit suicide by placing his hand in a bag with a king brown snake inside and stirring it up. A large king brown snake delivers on average 180mg of venom in one bite. A long king brown snake milked by snake handler John Cann produced 1350mg, and then 580, 920, and 780mg at three, four, and five months after the first milking. This record was broken in 2016, when a king brown snake called "chewi"—also long—produced 1500mg of venom at the Australian Reptile Park. The volume of venom produced in laboratories is equivalent to the amounts produced by the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) and gaboon adder (Bitis gabonica). In a laboratory experiment on mice, not only did the king brown snake inject far more venom than other species of dangerous snake, very little of its venom (0.07mg of 62mg) was left on the skin. When using 0.1% bovine serum albumin in saline rather than saline alone, the venom has a murine median lethal dose () of 1.91mg/kg (0.866mg/lb) when administered subcutaneously.
The main toxic agents of king brown snake venom are myotoxins hazardous to striated muscles and kidney cells. Toxic effects are proportional to the amount of venom in the victim. Nonspecific symptoms of poisoning are common and include nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, generalized sweating (diaphoresis), and headache. Impaired clotting (coagulopathy) is common, and can be diagnosed with an elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Symptoms of myotoxicity (muscle damage) include muscle pain and weakness in the presence of an elevated creatine kinase (CK). King brown snake venom has some haemolytic activity, and some patients get a short-term fall in red blood cells.
A major component of king brown snake venom are phospholipase A2 enzymes, which have diverse effects that are commonly found in snake venoms. These proteins are directly toxic on muscle tissue due to their sheer volume in the venom, and are destructive to cell membranes and liberate lysophospholipids (involved in cell lysis) and arachidonate (a precursor in inflammatory response). Despite containing a number of agents with phospholipase A2 activity, king brown snake venom exhibits little neurotoxicity.
The venom has multiple proteins with antibiotic activity, including two L-amino-acid oxidases (LAO1 and LAO2) that exhibit activity against the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, which is commonly present in frogs. Also present are three protein isoforms of transferrin; transferrin binds serum iron (Fe3+), which makes the environment less hospitable for bacteria and hence has an antibiotic effect. Pseudechetoxin and pseudecin are two proteins that block cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channels, including those present in retinal photoreceptors and olfactory receptor neurons.
Treatment
Standard first-aid treatment for any suspected bite from a venomous snake uses a pressure bandage to the bite site. The victims should move as little as possible and be conveyed to a hospital or clinic, where they should be monitored for at least 24 hours. The tetanus vaccine is given, though the mainstay of treatment is the administration of the appropriate antivenom. Black-snake antivenom is used to treat bites from this species. Christopher Johnston and colleagues propose giving antivenom immediately if king brown snake envenoming is suspected, as a delay of more than two hours did not prevent muscle damage in a review of treated snakebite victims. They add that it is reasonable to assume that if a snakebite victim had a raised aPTT and signs of haemolysis, then a king brown snake is the culprit. Shahab Razavi and colleagues add that more than one vial of antivenom might be needed if envenoming is severe.
Captivity
King brown snakes are readily available in Australia via breeding in captivity. They are regarded as straightforward to keep, due to the low likelihood of biting and relatively low toxicity of their venom, though the potentially large amount injected makes it more hazardous.
Conservation and threats
The king brown snake is considered to be a least-concern species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Small snakes may be eaten by birds of prey. In contrast, old snakes are frequently infested with ticks.
Culture
Mutitjulu Waterhole at Uluru marks the site between two Central Australian ancestral beings Kuniya (woma python woman) and Liru (king brown snake man). Here, Kuniya avenged the death of her nephew, who was fatally speared by Liru, by striking him with her digging stick.
Among the Djambarrpuyngu clan of the Yolngu people in northeastern Arnhem Land, King Brown Snake is the Ngurruyurrtjurr ancestor, and its homeland is Flinders Point in Arnhem Land.
Known as darrpa to indigenous people of East Arnhem land, the king brown snake was historically responsible for deaths there. Folk treatment involved capturing the snake and watching it bleed, which would supposedly make the victim recover. If the snake were killed, its victim would die also. Another folk remedy involved blowing smoke through a hollow branch or pandanus leaf onto the victim sitting by a campfire. If the smoke resembled the mali, or immaterial form, of a snake, then the person would die, as the victim of a ragalk (sorcerer).
In Kunwinjku country in West Arnhem Land, the king brown snake is known as dadbe. The Kurulk clan would not collect white paint from a site in the wet season, as they believed it was the snake's faeces, and they were afraid of its anger.
Kurrmurnnyini is a lagoon and complex of sandstone outcrops near Borroloola in the southwestern Gulf Country in the Northern Territory. Here the King Brown Snake Ancestral Being—balngarrangarra in Gudanji and ngulwa in Yanyuwa—was sleeping about north of the lagoon when it was disturbed by ngabaya—ancestral spirit men. Angrily, he bit the rocks, which became tainted and poisonous, and an instrument of narnu‐bulabula (sorcery). Local sorcerers would cast a spell by inserting a potential victim's item of clothing in a hole in the rock or sharpening a stick and calling out their name while inserting it in the rock face. The victim would then perish. Only men descended from King Brown Snake Ancestor could be sorcerers, though others might hire them. Local people feared and avoided the location.
The title character picks up a king brown snake in the 1986 film Crocodile Dundee.
Notes
References
Cited texts
External links
Pseudechis
Snakes of Australia
Reptiles of New South Wales
Reptiles of Queensland
Reptiles of Western Australia
Reptiles described in 1842
Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
The Denmark men's national field hockey team represents Denmark in men's international field hockey and is controlled by the Danish Hockey Union, the governing body for field hockey in Denmark.
Denmark has participated in five Olympic Games and has won one silver medal, in 1920. They have never qualified for the World Cup, but they have participated in two European Championships.
Competitive record
Summer Olympics
European championships
References
European men's national field hockey teams
Field hockey
National team
Men's sport in Denmark
da:Danmarks hockeylandshold |
Empire of the Ants is a video game released in 2000, developed by Microïds, and based on a novel of the same name written by Bernard Werber.
Gameplay
The game is playable on a network with up to 8 players, and the game contains more than 60 species of insects and different animals. Requiring strategy and management, it is set in the combative world of ants and their anthills.
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Dan Adams, in reviewing the game for IGN, concluded the game has the potential but criticized the lack of characters and poor graphics.
References
External links
Empire of the Ants at Microïds
2000 video games
Biological simulation video games
Multiplayer video games
Real-time strategy video games
Strategy First games
Video games about insects
Video games based on novels
Video games developed in France
Windows games
Windows-only games
Microïds games
Video games about ants |
Hellinsia falsus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae first described by William Barnes and Arthur Ward Lindsey in 1921. It is found in the US states of California and Arizona and in Mexico's Baja California.
The wingspan is 22–25.5 mm. Adults are entirely chalky white. There is a faint brownish shade in the costal region of forewings, sometimes with the entire surface underlain with brownish gray or rarely dark. The hindwings are tinged with brownish gray. All fringes are concolorous. Adults are on wing in March, August and December.
References
falsus
Moths of Central America
Moths of North America
Fauna of California
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Fauna of the Baja California Peninsula
Fauna of the Colorado Desert
Natural history of Arizona
Moths described in 1921 |
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R12B gene.
Myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) consists of three subunits- catalytic subunit, large subunit/myosin binding subunit (MBS) and small subunit (sm-M20). This gene is a multi-functional gene which encodes both MBS and sm-M20. MLCP regulates myosins and the dephosphorylation is enhanced by the presence of MBS. The sm-M20 is suggested to play a regulatory role in muscle contraction by binding to MBS. MBS is also encoded by another gene, myosin light chain phosphatase target subunit 1. sm-M20 shows higher binding affinity to this gene product than to myosin light chain phosphatase target subunit 2-MBS even though the two MBS proteins are highly similar. Although both MBSs increase the activity of MLCP, myosin light chain phosphatase target subunit 1-MBS is a more efficient activator. There are four alternatively spliced transcript variants described; two alter the MBS coding region and two alter the sm-M20 coding region of this gene.
Interactions
PPP1R12B has been shown to interact with Interleukin 16.
References
Further reading |
Field of Screams is an American attraction, located in Mountville, Pennsylvania. They estimate that around 75 000 people visit the attraction per annum. Field of Screams is best known for its wide range of horror “theme-park” attractions and branded events such as the Extreme Blackout, Zombie Fun Run, and Friday the 13th.
History
Brothers Gene and Jim Schopf opened the 35- acre attraction in 1993. That year, the first attraction was launched on their family farm.
In 1995, the second Field of Scream attraction, Den of Darkness was opened. It was converted from a farm barn. Also, the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry together with the PA Department of Agriculture checked and approved the location.
In 2002, the team of Field of Screams launched The Frightmare Asylum.
More than a decade later, in 2013 (on Friday, September 13) the 4th Haunt attraction – Nocturnal Wasteland was presented.
Areas and attractions
Haunted Hayride
The Haunted Hayride was Field of Screams' original attraction, with guests riding a 35-foot wagon for 20 minutes through a cornfield. Throughout the ride, there are different graphic displays and performances. In 2011, Hauntworld magazine considered the ride to be one of the top 5 attractions in America.
Den of Darkness
The second Field of Scream attraction, Den of Darkness opened in 1995. Den of Darkness is one of America's original Haunted Houses that offers scare scenes and a physically interactive experience with actors and a mechanized interior.
Frightmare Asylum
In 2002, the Schopf brothers added this attraction, concentrates on more of a hospital-type setting, on horror displays that involve doctors and patients of an insane asylum, such as operations and autopsies.
Nocturnal Wasteland
The Nocturnal Wasteland is an outdoor trail that opened in 2013. In 2014, a 3.5 million volt Tesla coil was added to the attraction.
Corn Cob Acres
Gene and Jim Schopf also own and operate Corn Cob Acres, which is a family attraction aimed at children aged between 2 and 12. This includes a range of activities, such as milking a cow, a corn maze and picking pumpkins, amongst others.
Escape Games
Field of Screams also houses an array of escape games, in which guests can participate for an additional fee. These are a 5-minute version of an escape room on various topics: ‘The Heist’, ‘Lockdown’, ‘Captured’.
Events
Extreme Blackout
Extreme Blackout was added to Field of Screams in 2015, and has continued since as a separate ticketed event. This is the most extreme form of Field of Screams. All four of the haunted attractions at the park are scarier, more intense, and more hands-on. Field of Screams' extreme blackout events occurs once a year in November. Cosmopolitan magazine reported that the event utilised "extreme scare tactics and fear-inducing techniques". There are some claims that this has included guests being 'buried alive'.
Christmas
In 2019, Field of Screams announced the start of the off-season event starting in December. Its experience is the regular Field of Screams but with a creepy Christmas twist, including photos with a scary Santa, and demented elves.
Halfway to Halloween
Field of Screams hosts a Halfway to Halloween event. The team of the park demonstrates what has been added and changed so far in preparation for this year's Halloween season. The show includes the “Den of Darkness”, “Frightmare Asylum”, “Nocturnal Wasteland” attractions with the entertainment area – home to live bands, games, activities for children etc.
Friday the 13th with St. Patrick’s Day twist
In 2020, for the first time in the venue's 28 years of operation, the Lancaster County attraction opened outside its regular fall operating season around Halloween to celebrate two events at the same time. Attractions to a Friday the 13th were decorated with St. Patrick's Day-themed additions.
Zombie Fun Run
Zombie Fun Run is an event where participants are being chased by zombies throughout the park, which is illuminated with movie-quality scenes. Participants are running through mud, crawling over obstacles, jumping through fire, and more.
In popular culture
Travel Channel featured the attraction in their 2007 TV special, America's Scariest Halloween Attractions II.
Awards and recognition
In 2015, USA Today ranked the park number 1 in their reader's choice awards.
References |
Striding Into the Wind is a 2020 Chinese road movie directed by Wei Shujun.
References
External links
2020s road movies
Chinese comedy films |
Michael Hamersley is a tax lawyer who, in 2003, became a corporate whistleblower against the accounting firm KPMG's tax shelter fraud. In 2006 he was a candidate for the U.S. Congress in California's 4th congressional district, obtaining third place in the Democratic party primary. Hamersley worked in the Legal Division of California's Franchise Tax Board, as a member of its Abusive Tax Shelter Task Force, from 2004 through 2009.
Background
Hamersley graduated from Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C. in 1995, where he earned a J.D. degree. Prior to attending law school, Hamersley earned Bachelor of Business Administration and MBA degrees from Florida International University.
KPMG Whistleblower
Hamersley first worked for KPMG in 1998 in the Mergers and Acquisitions Group of its Washington National Tax office. He relocated to KPMG's downtown Los Angeles office in March 2000. In June 2003, Hamersley filed a whistleblower lawsuit against KPMG in Los Angeles Superior Court.
On October 21, 2003, Hamersely testified before the United States Senate Committee on Finance outlining KPMG's abuse of tax shelters, describing the firm's active role in developing improper tax shelters, and noting that tax professionals who participated in the abuse were rewarded by the firm. KPMG categorically denied Hamersley's allegations stating that the conclusions in his Senate Finance Committee testimony are "simply wrong."
Hamersley assisted the United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations in its examination of the KPMG tax shelters, which culminated in a two-day hearing
and a voluminous report detailing the nature of the KPMG's tax shelter activities. A total of nineteen senior executives of KPMG were indicted on criminal conspiracy and tax evasion charges in what the U.S. Department of Justice referred to as "the largest criminal tax case in U.S. history."
KPMG subsequently admitted criminal wrongdoing relating to abusive tax shelter activities and entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice pursuant to which KPMG paid $456 million in fines, restitution, and penalties. Several of KPMG's tax shelter clients also sued KPMG as a result of their tax liability exposure.
The February 2004 PBS Frontline documentary "Tax Me If You Can" about abusive tax shelters included interviews with Hamersley. His KPMG experience appears as a case study in the Legal Ethics: Law Stories textbook. See Chapter 3: Travails in Tax, KPMG and the Tax Shelter Controversy.
California Franchise Tax Board
Hamersley joined the Abusive Tax Shelter Task Force in the Legal Department of California's Franchise Tax Board in 2004. He has since lectured at tax seminars and professional ethics lectures at Georgetown University Law Center. In July 2009, Hamersley left the California Franchise Tax Board to head up Hamersley Partners, a tax consulting firm.
U.S. Congressional campaign
In June 2006 he was a candidate for the U.S. Congress in California's 4th congressional district, obtaining third place in the Democratic party primary with 20.1% of the vote. He ran against Democrats Charles Brown and Lisa Rae. Brown went on to lose to then-incumbent Republican John Doolittle.
Hamersley ran on a campaign of reform, seeking to tie Rep. Doolittle to disgraced politicians and lobbyists such as Duke Cunningham and Jack Abramoff, and generally accusing Doolittle of participating in "pay-to-play politics". Doolittle did not seek reelection in 2008 after his home was raided by the FBI in an alleged political corruption investigation.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Activists from California
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Florida International University alumni
KPMG people
People from El Dorado Hills, California |
Australian Western, also known as meat pie Western or kangaroo Western, is a genre of Western-style films or TV series set in the Australian outback or "the bush". Films about bushrangers (sometimes called bushranger films) are included in this genre. Some films categorised as meat-pie or Australian Westerns also fulfil the criteria for other genres, such as drama, revisionist Western, crime or thriller. A sub-genre of the Australian Western, the Northern, has been coined by the makers of High Ground (2020), to describe a film set in the Northern Territory that accurately depicts historical events in a fictionalised form, that has aspects of a thriller.
The term "meat pie Western" is a play on the term Spaghetti Western, used for Italian-made Westerns. Since Westerns are a genre associated with the United States, the food qualifiers indicate the origin of other cultures that play with the characteristics of the genre. Historically some Australian Westerns were made specifically with the influence of US Westerns in mind. The Ealing Westerns, made in Australia, are particular examples of this, though they depict Australian history.
One connection has been the parallel between the two native people, and their treatment by settlers and the white colonial people. In the case of Australia, Aboriginal Australians, and in the US, the Native Americans. Cattle ranches and vast tracts of land are both similar themes, being borrowed from US Westerns and used in Australia, in particular the movie The Overlanders (1946).
History
Terminology
The definition of what is an Australian Western (i.e. taking its influence from US cinema) and what is simply an Australian historical film set in the era that covers similar themes, is fluid. Cinema about bushrangers, which some regard as Australian Westerns, goes back to some of the first Australian feature films. Ned Kelly, as subject of a feature film, was first made in 1906, in The Story of the Kelly Gang. The British company Ealing Studios, made a number of Westerns in Australian in the 1940s and '50s, including The Overlanders (1946), about a cattle drive, which was marketed in Australia as a drama, but marketed overseas as an "Australian Western". It starred Australian actor Chips Rafferty and was successful at the box office. Another British film production house, Rank, made Robbery Under Arms in 1957. One of the prominent post-war productions made in Australia was the technicolour Western, Kangaroo. This was a big budget (800,000 pounds) film made by 20th Century Fox in 1952, starring imported stars Maureen O'Hara and Peter Lawford. Mad Dog Morgan, was made in the 1970s, carrying Western themes along with Ozploitation cinema
The term "kangaroo Western" is used in an article about The Man from Snowy River (1982) in that year, and Stuart Cunningham refers to Charles Chauvel’s Greenhide (1926) as a “kangaroo Western” in 1989.
Grayson Cooke attributes the first use of the term "meat-pie Western" to Eric Reade in his History and Heartburn (1979), referring to Russell Hagg's Raw Deal (1977). This term is again used in 1981 in an Australian Women's Weekly column by John-Michael Howson (about a film planned to be made in Australia by James Komack, but apparently never made). Howson compares the term to the "Spaghetti Western". Historian Troy Lennon (2018) says that meat pie Westerns have been around for more than a century.
Cooke (2014) posits that the Australian Western genre never developed a "classic" or mature phase. He lists the following as broad categories: "the early bushranger and bush adventure films; Westerns shot in Australia by foreign production studios; contemporary re-makes of bushranger films; and contemporary revisionist Westerns, noting that most fall into the bushranger category (with only The Tracker and The Proposition falling into the latter category at that time). Other recent films, such as Ivan Sen's Mystery Road (2013), a crime film, also uses some of the Western themes.
Emma Hamilton, of the University of Newcastle, refers to the Australian Western, kangaroo Western and meat-pie Western as alternative terms, in her exploration of the development of the Western genre in Australia comparing film representations of Ned Kelly. She refers to the work of Cooke and other writers, paraphrasing Peter Limbrick's view that the Western is basically "about societies making sense of imperial-colonial relationships", and considers the parallels between American and Australian histories. Hamilton lists a number of films which can be termed Australian Westerns by virtue of being set in Australia but maintaining elements of American Western conventions. The list includes, amongst many others, Robbery Under Arms (1920), Captain Fury (1939), Eureka Stockade (1949) and The Shiralee (1957).
Director Stephen Johnson and his team of filmmakers dubbed their creation, High Ground, set in the Northern Territory, a "Northern". Johnson said "We really feel it's a film that immerses the audience in a time and place and that perhaps hasn't happened in this way before", and producer Witiyana Marika called it a "northern action thriller". The feature fiction film is based on many stories of the First Nations people of Arnhem Land that are not told in the history books. Johnson also said "There's a thriller aspect to it. It's not a Western, it's a Northern".
Films
The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906) could be said to be the first in the genre (and possibly the world's first feature film), with "good guys, bad guys, gunfights [and] horseback chases". In 1911 and 1912, the state governments of South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria all banned depictions of bushrangers in films, which lasted for about 30 years and at first had a significantly deleterious effect on the Australian film industry.
Films in the Western genre continued to be made through the rest of the 20th century, many with Hollywood collaboration (such as Rangle River based on a Zane Grey novel in 1936), and some British (such as the Ealing Studios' The Overlanders in 1946). Ned Kelly (1970) and The Man from Snowy River (1982) were the most notable examples of the genre in the second half of the century.
Some films in the genre, such as Red Hill, The Proposition, and Sweet Country, re-examine the treatment of Aboriginal Australians and focus on racism and sexism in Australian history, with the latter two of these being successful with both critics and box-office.
A range of modern Westerns have been made since 1990. Ned Kelly, Australia's most famous bank robber, features, with two films, Ned Kelly made in 2003 and The True History of the Kelly Gang in 2019., also The Legend of Ben Hall in 2017 and as well as The Tracker in 2002. The Proposition, made in 2005, is an anti Western, and was influenced by Robert Altman and Sam Peckinpah's anti Western work The 2008 film Australia is an epic Western which concocts other genres such as adventure, action, drama, war and romance. Sweet Country, about settlers incursions into the Australian First Nation's people (once again following similar themes to settlers encroaching on Native Americans) was made in 2017.
Examples
The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906)
Rangle River (1936)
Captain Fury (1939)
The Overlanders (1946)
Eureka Stockade (1949)
Sons of Matthew (1949)
The Kangaroo Kid (1950)
Kangaroo (1952)
The Phantom Stockman (1953)
The Sundowners (1960)
Shadow of the Boomerang (1960)
Whiplash (1960–61) – TV series
Ned Kelly (1970)
Rush (1974–76) – TV series
Cash and Company (1975) – TV series
Inn of the Damned (1975)
Mad Dog Morgan (1976)
Tandarra (1976) – TV series
Raw Deal (1977)
Mad Max (1979)
The Man from Snowy River (1982)
Five Mile Creek (1983–85) – TV series
The Man from Snowy River II (1988)
Quigley Down Under (1990)
The Tracker (2002)
Ned Kelly (2003)
The Proposition (2005)
Luck Country (2009)
The Outlaw Michael Howe (2013) – TV film
Mystery Road (2013)
The Rover (2014)
The Legend of Ben Hall (2016)
Goldstone (2016)
Sweet Country (2017)
The Nightingale (2018)
True History of the Kelly Gang (2019)
High Ground (2020)
See also
Cinema of Australia
Ozploitation
List of Western subgenres
Footnotes
References
External links
Cinema of Australia
Film genres
Western (genre) films by genre
Western (genre) staples and terminology
Australian outback
Western (genre) subgenres |
Frank Gasperik (November 5, 1942 – May 3, 2007) was an author, writer, songwriter and filk singer.
Frank appeared as a character in several science fiction novels including Lucifer's Hammer (as Mark Czescu), Footfall (as Harry Reddington aka Hairy Red)<ref
name="chaosmanor">
</ref> and Fallen Angels, all by the writing team of Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle. He maintained a close friendship with Niven and Pournelle throughout their careers, serving as Pournelle's editorial assistant on his Byte column. He also co-wrote a story, "Janesfort War", with Leslie Fish that was published in Pournelle's War World collection, CoDominium: Revolt on War World.
References
External links
LosCon 30 guest biography
Memorial page on Larry Niven fan website
1942 births
2007 deaths
American male songwriters
20th-century American writers
American science fiction writers
Filkers
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male writers |
David Ross (born November 16, 1940) is an American sports shooter. He competed in the men's 50 metre rifle, prone event at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
References
1940 births
Living people
American male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for the United States
Shooters at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from New York City
Pan American Games medalists in shooting
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Shooters at the 1967 Pan American Games
20th-century American people
21st-century American people |
The Isfahan School () is a school of Islamic philosophy. It was founded by Mir Damad and reached its fullest development in the work of Mulla Sadra. The name was coined by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Henry Corbin.
Because of the attention of Shah Abbas during the Safavid Dynasty in Iran to intellectual tradition in Islam, Isfahan became a famous academic city and the intellectual center of Iran at the time, along with the cities of Rey and Shiraz.
Historical context
This school of thought began to develop once Iran was economically and politically stable. The Safavid court also provided funding for the arts, which also contributed to the development. At the time, there were many disputes between Shiite scholars, such as Ahamad Alavi, and Christian and Jewish scholars. In this period the intellectual life of Suhrevardi was revived by Mir Damad and Mulla Sadra. According to Seyyed Hosein Nasr, this school of thought plays an important role both in terms of the relation between philosophy and prophecy, and in the training of Mulla Sadra. The school of Isfahan is a subsidiary of the Shiraz school of philosophy. Several philosophers that were not part of the Shiraz school of thought had very important roles in preparing the Isfahan school, such as Ibn Turkah, Qadi Maybudi and Ibn Abi Jomhour Ahsaei. The group of founders then announced Shia as formal religion in Persia, in an attempt to unify the entire country, with Isfahan as their capital.
Founder
Mir Damad founded the Isfahan philosophical school. He was the nephew of Muhaqiq Karaki, an important Shia scholar who had influence in the Shia jurisprudence. Some consider him familiar with philosophical prophecy as a result to the problem of Time. Corbin describes Mir Damad as having an analytic mind and aware of religious foundation of knowledge. Perhaps the most important characteristic of Mira Damad's philosophy is a synthesis between Avicennism and Averroism, or his synthesis is between the intellectual and the spiritual. Mir Damad's theory on Time is as popular as Huduth Dahri's, though Damad's philosophical opinion is criticized by Huduth's pupil, Mulla Sadra. Historically, there was great strife between Mulla Sadra and Mir Damad, as a result of the differences of their philosophical theories on subjects such as time.
Other teachers
Mir Fendereski
Mir Abul Qasim Findiriski was a peripatetic philosopher and follower of Farabi and Avicenna. He was a Peripatetic, as opposed to the illuminationists. As a scholar, he taught several scientific subjects in the Isfahan school, such as mathematics and medicine. it is debated whether or not Mulla Sadra studied under him, though the two worked together extensivally. Mir Findiriski also studied other religions, such as Zoroastrianism and Hindi. He also wrote several works on Indian philosophy, a series of treatises on the fine arts, and one on his mystical experiences. According to Nasr, he was well-versed in different philosophies, poetry, alchemy, and the philosophy of Yoga. Mir Findiriski collaborated with Mir Damad to write the Treatise of Sanaiyyah, attempting to link philosophy and prophecy. Mir Findiriski also attempted to translate several Indian philosophical works into Persian.
Shaykh-i Baha’i
Shaykh-i Baha’i was one of the three masters of Mulla Sadra, worked in the Isfahan school, and served as chief jurist on the Safavid Court. Like many Islamic scholars of the era, he was both a scientist and a man of wisdom; like Mir Damad and Mir Fenedereski, he was skilled in several sciences. At the time, he attempted to harmonize the relationship between Shariah and Tariqah. He coined the term Hikmate Yamani (wisdom of believing.) He believed that humans were the only being capable of intelligence in a philosophy called "The Place of Illumination for Existence".
Philosophers of Mir Damad's School
Sayyed Ahmad Alavi
Shams Addin Muhammad Gilani
Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji
Qutb Addin Muhammad Eshkevari
Philosophers of Shaykh-i Baha’i's School
Mulla Sadra
Mohsen Fayz Kashani
Mirza Rafiaa Naeini
Philosophers of Mir Finidiriski's School
Agha Hosein khansari
Muhammad Baqir Sabzevari
Philosophers of Rajab Ali Tabrizi's school
Qazi Saeed Qomi
Mir Qavam Addin Razi
Muhammad Sadiq Ardestani
Other philosophers of Isfahan School
Mulla Muhammad Sadiq Ardestan
Muhammad Ismaeil Khajouei
Molla Naima Taleghani
Abdu Al Rahim Damavandi
Agha Muhammad Bid Abadi
Mulla Mahdi Naraqi
Mulla Ali Nuri
Mulla Nazar Ali gilani
Molla Esmaeel Isfahani
Molla Abdollah Zonuzi
Molla hadi Sabzevari
Molla Muhammad Esmaeel Darb Koushki
Molla Muhammad kashani
Jahangir khan Qashqaei
References
Sources
Andrew J. Newman, Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire, Issue 5 of Library of Middle East History, Publisher I.B.Tauris, 2006, , 9781860646676
Rula Jurdi Abisaab, Converting Persia: Religion and Power in the Safavid Empire, Volume 1 of International Library of Iranian Studies, I.B.Tauris, 2004, 186064970X, 9781860649707
Roger Savory, Iran Under the Safavids, Cambridge University Press, 2007, 0521042518, 9780521042512
Further reading
Encyclopædia Iranica: Isfahan School of Philosophy.
Islamic philosophical schools
Philosophical schools and traditions
Persian philosophy
Safavid Iran
Iranian philosophy |
The Scenic Rim Region is a local government area in West Moreton region of South East Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by several previous local government areas with histories extending back to the early 1900s and beyond. The main town of the region is Beaudesert.
It has an estimated operating budget of A$33 million.
History
Prior to 2008, the new Scenic Rim Region was an entire area of three previous and distinct local government areas:
the Shire of Boonah;
the southern part of the Shire of Beaudesert;
and the Harrisville and Peak Crossing areas from the City of Ipswich.
In July 2007, the Local Government Reform Commission released its report and recommended that the areas amalgamate. It identified a rural community of interest as well as ecotourism potential from the Scenic Rim, a group of mountain ranges forming part of the Great Dividing Range, and recommended the transfer of the entire urban growth corridor previously within Beaudesert to Logan City. Along with Lockyer Valley and Somerset, it was expected to provide a rural hinterland for urban South East Queensland. The arrangement was Boonah's second preference (its first was simply absorbing the rural areas of Ipswich) while Beaudesert opposed splitting or amalgamation.
The legislation passed to effect the merger on 10 August 2007. A Local Transition Committee made up of staff and councillors of the dissolving entities was formed to manage the process. On 15 March 2008, the Shires formally ceased to exist, and elections were held on the same day to elect councillors and a mayor to the Regional Council.
Geography
The region is mostly rural, with Beaudesert and Boonah the main towns. It lies within the catchment areas of the Bremer River, the Logan River/Albert River and the Coomera River/Nerang River. The centre of the area is dominated by the Flinders Peak Group and broad sweep of mountainous terrain forming a southern boundary with the local government area on Queensland's southern border with New South Wales. Many high-altitude areas are covered by forests and protected in national parks (including World Heritage listings) at Tamborine Mountain, McPherson Range, Main Range National Park, Mount Barney National Park and landforms including Cunninghams Gap and Fassifern Valley. South East Queensland's highest mountain is Mount Barney, reaching above sea level. Wyaralong Dam is the region's newest reservoir.
In the south east of the local government area is the Lamington National Park. It includes villages such as Canungra, Kooralbyn, Rathdowney, Beechmont and Harrisville. The peak at Mount French, part of Moogerah Peaks National Park is noted for its traditional rock climbing and does not have bolted climbing routes. The peak also boasts a '32' rated climb (one of the hardest in the world) which attracts international rock climbing visitors to the area. The area of Boonah is fairly flat with large areas of very productive soils for the growing of vegetables and other crops. Beechmont and O'Reillys are mountainous areas overlooking the Gold Coast hinterland. These areas attract visitors for camping, bushwalking and bird watching.
Divisions and councillors
The council is split into 6 divisions, each returning one councillor, plus a mayor.
Current composition of council
Mayors
John Brent was the region's first mayor. He was first elected as a councillor in the Shire of Boonah in 1976 and was chairman of the Shire of Boonah beginning on 12 April 1994, becoming mayor of the Scenic Rim Region following the amalgamation.
Deputy mayors
In 2016, the council resolved to review the position of deputy mayor annually, instead of having it be the longer-term position it was from 2008 to 2016.
2008–2012: Dave Cockburn
2012–2016: Virginia West
2016–2017: Nigel Waistell
2017–2018: Nadia O'Carroll
2018–2019: Rick Stanfield
2019–2021: Duncan McInnes
2021–2022: Michael Enright
2022–present: Jeff McConnell
List of councillors
Division 1
Division 2
Division 3
Division 4
Division 5
Division 6
Source: Electoral Commission of Queensland
Towns and localities
The Scenic Rim Region includes the following settlements:
Beaudesert area:
Beaudesert
Beechmont
Benobble
Biddaddaba
Birnam
Boyland
Bromelton
Canungra
Christmas Creek
Cryna
Gleneagle
Hillview
Innisplain
Josephville
Kerry
Kooralbyn
Lamington
Lamington National Park
Laravale
Palen Creek
Rathdowney
Tabooba
Tabragalba
Tamborine Mountain
Tamrookum
Tamrookum Creek
Witheren
Wonglepong
Boonah area:
Boonah
Aratula
Charlwood
Coulson
Fassifern
Harrisville1
Kalbar
Maroon
Moogerah
Mount Alford
Mount Walker
Roadvale
Rosevale
Silverdale
Tarome
Templin
Warrill View
Other areas:
Allandale
Allenview
Anthony
Barney View
Binna Burra
Blantyre
Bunburra
Bunjurgen
Burnett Creek
Cainbable
Cannon Creek
Carneys Creek
Chinghee Creek
Clumber
Coleyville
Coochin
Croftby
Darlington
Dugandan
Fassifern Valley
Ferny Glen
Flying Fox
Frazerview
Frenches Creek
Hoya
Illinbah
Kagaru
Kents Lagoon
Kents Pocket
Knapp Creek
Kulgun
Limestone Ridges1
Lower Mount Walker
Merryvale
Milbong
Milford
Milora
Moorang
Morwincha
Mount Barney
Mount Edwards
Mount Forbes1
Mount French
Mount Gipps
Mount Lindesay
Mount Walker West
Munbilla
Mutdapilly1
Nindooinbah
North Tamborine
Oaky Creek
Obum Obum
O'Reilly
Peak Crossing1
Radford
Running Creek
Sarabah
Southern Lamington
Tamborine2
Teviotville
Undullah2
Veresdale2
Veresdale Scrub2
Wallaces Creek
Washpool
Wilsons Plains
Woolooman
Wyaralong
1 - split with the City of Ipswich
2 - split with Logan City
Population
The populations given relate to the component entities prior to 2008.
Heritage register
In 2014, the Scenic Rim Regional Council established its local heritage register as required by the Queensland Heritage Act 1992. In February 2015, it listed 54 places based on criteria in the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter 1999.
Libraries
The Scenic Rim Regional Council operate libraries in Beaudesert, Boonah, Canungra and Tamborine Mountain. The council commenced a mobile library service in 2008, which serves Beechmont, Harrisville, Hillview, Kalbar, Kooralbyn, Peak Crossing, Rathdowney and Tamborine.
References
Further reading
External links
Scenic Rim
2008 establishments in Australia |
The European Association of Libraries and Information Services on Addictions (ELISAD) – previously called, until end of 2011, European Association of Libraries and Information Services on Alcohol and other Drugs – was a European non-governmental and non-profit making social network of libraries, documentation centres and information services situated in Europe and specialised in alcohol, drugs, tobacco and all other behavioural addictions.
Aims and tasks
ELISAD’s key purpose was to provide those working in the field of drug, alcohol, tobacco and other addictions information with a network for exchanging knowledge, ideas and sharing experiences.
ELISAD's tasks were:
To stimulate and enhance European cooperation between libraries, information services, documentation centres and individuals working in the field of addictions.
To stimulate the use and the development of information management technologies.
To promote the role of libraries and documentation centres as important means for communicating research findings to different audiences.
To enable professionals, practitioners, social workers and others working in the field of both licit and illicit drugs to gather information easily.
ELISAD organises an annual conference each year on topics relevant to information, research and documentation and addictions. It provides a mailing list for members to exchange information about new books, meetings and other resources.
History
Following meetings in 1988 Lyon, France and 1989 Stockholm, Sweden of European librarians, documentalists and information professionals working in drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, it was recognised that there was a need to set up an association to enable the exchange of experiences, skills and knowledge. Annual meetings were felt to be a way of meeting this need, with the formal establishment of Elisad in 1990. Jasper Woodcock, Head of the Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence, UK – that became DrugScope in 2000 – was elected as Elisad’s first President.
Many existing library associations were models and encouraged the Elisad foundation:
SALIS (Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists), Elisad’s sister organisation in North America
EAHIL (European Association for Health Information and Libraries)
IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions)
ALA (American Library Association)
ASIST (American Society for Information Science and Technology)
Over the years the annual conferences have covered many subjects.
In 1999, at the annual ELISAD meeting at the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in Lisbon, presentations focused on the growth of information about addictions on the World Wide Web and raised concerns about the quality and accuracy of such resources. Presenters also found that their searches were producing thousands of results because addictions encompasses various research disciplines, including health, social sciences, medicine, law, politics, psychology, neurosciences, toxicology, and so on…
In 2000, at the annual meeting held in Prague, Czech Republic, ELISAD members issued their Ethical Charta to stress the fundamental importance of ethics in the field of drug information.
In 2002, at the annual meeting held in Bremen, Germany, given the national and international emphasis on provision and need for high quality and accurate information on drugs and other addictions, ELISAD members issued the Bremen Declaration. This declaration supported the need for high quality information whilst drawing attention to the deterioration of financial support for specialist addiction libraries across Europe. A response from ELISAD on this was to consider how they could contribute to the need for high quality resources and this resulted in funding from the European Commission to develop an internet portal on addiction resources from 32 countries in Europe.
Between 2003 and 2005 members of ELISAD developed the internet portal on addictions. This online European Gateway on Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions, provided descriptions of and links to evaluated European websites and other Internet resources on the use and misuse of drugs covering 32 countries.
From 2005 to 2007, a second development phase of the European Gateway was completed, again funded by the European Commission. The Gateway was updated and provides descriptions and links to more than 1100 evaluated websites on addictions, and is searchable in 17 languages. Visitors to the site can search for information on education and prevention, treatment, policy and research, find resources in their own countries or abroad and identify other European organisations of interest. The central challenge for this project was the language barrier within the different EU countries and considerable work was done on standardising the terminology among European countries and on the taxonomy used within this gateway.
More recent annual conferences have focused on how to address the problems many libraries and information services encounter due to the expansion of drug information on the Internet and the impact of finances being reduced. Their themes are :
Addictions information in the Google era: dealing with challenges, Brussels, 2007
Addictions information: Designing the future, Turin, 2008
Addictions in society: what information services contribute, Budapest, 2009
European ATOD libraries in challenging economic times, Utrecht, 2010
Monitoring information on addictions - Sources and tools, Paris, 2011
In 2014 Elisad ceased existence and has joined with Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists, an international association for those working in libraries and documentation centres on addictions and substance use disorders.
References
External links
ELISAD website
ELISAD Gateway website
European medical and health organizations
Library associations
Library-related professional associations
International organizations based in Europe
Addiction and substance abuse organizations |
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air (often shortened to Dream Chronicles 4 or The Book of Air) is a 2010 adventure and puzzle casual game developed by KatGames, originally published by PlayFirst. It is the fourth installment in the Dream Chronicles series, the third sequel to 2007's award-winning game Dream Chronicles, and the opening part of the second unfinished trilogy titled Lyra's Destiny.
Re-opening the story ten years after the conclusion of the third game, Dream Chronicles: The Chosen Child, players now take on the role of Lyra, whose daughter of the previous main character Faye, as her destiny unfolds. Set in a mystical world of realistic fantasy where mortal and fairy realms collide, the game opens on the eve of Lyra’s 18th birthday when she is magically transported to an alternate dimension. Following clues left behind by her grandfather and taking the helm of a flying airship, Lyra explores the mystical landmarks of the gorgeous, yet mysterious Dream world, in search of the mystical Clockmaker who is the only one that can restore time and return her to her family.
The Book of Air was first presented limitedly as a beta version on March 12, 2010. It was released worldwide as a digital download under two editions, Collector's and Standard, on June 24 and July 8, 2010 respectively by PlayFirst. Each edition was quickly available on PlayFirst's exclusive partner, Big Fish Games, on the following day of each release date. Both editions feature the optional double-mode game, while the Collector's one contains an extra location, seven mini-puzzles, some concept artworks, six wallpapers, the game soundtrack, a detailed walkthrough, a PC screensaver, and a sneak peek (actually some artworks) at the fifth game The Book of Water. On May 5, 2011, a high-definition version of this game was available via App Store for iPad device, becoming the first game in the series to be released there.
Unlike three previous games, it was met with mixed to positive reviews from casual game critics, describing it as "a beautiful point-and-click fantasy game that mixes puzzles and slight hidden object hunting to create a beautiful adventure series," though they criticized it for not matching the highly-polished standards of three previous games and its very short length. The game itself still proved to be commercially successful, and reached the top of seven major casual game charts. The Book of Air spawned a direct sequel named Dream Chronicles: The Book of Water (2011).
Gameplay
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air is structured much like other three previous games in the series with some major twists. There are many improvements in gameplay overall compared to others. It is more of a quest-like adventure than a traditional hidden object game, a mixing of adventure and puzzle game. Featuring loads of puzzles and logical quests with different difficulties, The Book of Air still assure that puzzles are well-tricky and tightly blended with the story, which is a typical feature of quest or click-and-point games, such as: putting together parts of broken statues, reconstructing tricky mechanisms, unscrambling messages using the power of Dream Jewels and many more. There are no lists of items to find but a huge amount of inventory based puzzles, logical riddles and quests to solve, which have been scattered through the locations in the game. The objects that players find may be used in a scene other than the one they found it in. Objects will stay in inventory until players need to use them. All objects that players are able to pick up will serve a purpose, whether they are used in that scene or not. A lot of times in this game the pieces players pick up may only be used as they get to the next scene. Some items may not become visible in a scene right away, players must perform other tasks first before they become visible.
One of the biggest improvements The Book of Air has over its predecessors is a system of hints for locating difficult items. Although it is still possible to get hung up on some of the game's more taxing brainteasers, players will no longer find themselves stuck trying to find items thanks to a recharging magnifying glass 'hint power' that can be used to reveal an object's location. But if there are not any, the power of hints is not used. There are two difficulty modes to play, Casual and Challenge. Each mode has the same puzzles but their complexities are different. At the beginning, the game offers players the option to play in either Casual or Challenge Mode, and if they want the game to offer the slightest bit of resistance they would pick the former. While Casual Mode offers simpler puzzles and the ability to skip them if players get stuck long enough, Challenge Mode offers slightly harder puzzles, but will not let players skip any. Players cannot change the difficulty once they have chosen it.
Unlike three previous games, Dream Chronicles’ feature factor called Dream Jewels come with five special powers. Now they can be used to decode fairy words ("Decipher"), make hidden fairy things visible ("Reveal"), transmute gold into wood ("Transmute"), illuminate dark rooms ("Illuminate"), and create thunder or rain ("Thunder"). In order to activate Dream Jewels, players need to fill them with Dream Pieces which are thrown throughout. And they can also use the "hint power" to find Dream Pieces. At the end of the game, players earn a high score. The faster how players can complete the game, the more Dream Jewels and Dream Pieces they can find, the fewer times they skip puzzles, the better score they will earn. When players play again under the same name, some of the key items themselves will be in different places the second times around.
Synopsis
Setting
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air spans several distinct areas that can be traveled to by airship once players discover the correct coordinates for a location and use colored stones to fill up the fuel device. There are 14 main scenes and six large areas featured in the game:
The Village of Wish: This is the tiny town of Wish, where Lyra lives with her parents, Fidget and Faye, and her grandparents, Tangle and Aeval. It's an insular place, far from cities and civilization. The town is surrounded by tall walls, not to keep the residents inside, for they have no desire to leave the safety and warmth of their community. The walls are there to keep the outside world outside, and are secured with complex weighted locks first seen in Dream Chronicles. The streets are cobbled, lined with colorful dwellings and stores. Beyond the walls of Wish lie lush forests and winding roads that, eventually, lead to other larger towns. But the folk of Wish have little desire to visit those distant places. Their homes are secure in their beloved village where, they believe, no harm can come to them.
The Clockmaker's House: This is a distant frozen tundra from where the Clockmaker, a powerful if solitary fairy, synchronizes time both in the mortal and fairy worlds. The low temperatures at the Clockmaker's house are useful for slowing any clocks that might consider racing ahead. The eternal snow keeps the Clockmaker’s parts pristine. No plants grow in his frozen wasteland but long ago Aeval brought him flowers from a more hospitable clime, and their image is now pressed into various pieces throughout the Clockmaker’s domain. Obsessing with his eternal job, the Clockmaker never leaves, and tries to prevent any person from coming to his hideout.
The Treehouse Village: The people of this village believe that strange occurrences will befall them if they don't live high in tree tops. This is also a part of the green belt that runs through the fairy world. It is all part of Aeval’s plant network. Though others may doubt it, Aeval always knew that the trees saw and remembered everything. Over time they have been used to hide treasures and secrets. In The Book of Air, someone within the fairy world has turned the trees to gold, keeping them from “speaking” with Aeval. The trees are being used to protect a key – the very key the Clockmaker needs to fix his Time Synchronization Machine. Lyra must help the trees in order for the trees to help Lyra.
The Wind Music Island: This is the place where fairies created the first music, using the instruments that can be found there. Mortal music, it is said, is born when mortals hear bits of fairy music while they sleep. In the distance, looming ominously, it's the Tower of Dreams, where Faye searched for Fidget in Dream Chronicles 2. Before the fairies moved on from Wind Music Island, they created a stone instrument band—musical instruments of stone that played music on their own so that the music would continue forever.
The Water Collector: This is the basis of the infrastructure for fairy civilization. Here water is collected, purified, and dispersed. For many years Aeval took a proprietary interest in the Water Collector, to be certain all plants were adequately nourished. There is a system inside the cottage which tests not only the purity of the water, but the amount of elements within each measure of water. Water from different sources carries different properties, which are utilized by fairies responsible for different aspects of the world.
The Barge City: This is a town built over the water, well south of the Village of Wish, and is the home of many fishermen and merchants.
Plot
On the eve of the 18th birthday, a half-fairy half-mortal girl named Lyra had a strange dream. All her friends and family were there tonight to celebrate that special event, and Lyra's grandfather Tangle had prepared an amazing gift for her. But then Lyra heard a whisper, and everyone quickly disappeared. Waking up from that dream, Lyra finds herself alone in her beloved Town of Wish as she is being trapped in a parallel dimension which is very similar to her original one. Guided by the messages left by Tangle plus using her father's magically hidden airship, Lyra breaks out to find Tangle's odd fairy friend simply called the Clockmaker, who is the only stranger could help her get back home, and reunite with family and friends. She finds the Clockmaker in his hideout and thankfully, he agrees to help. Lyra have to find three magical keys in three separately hidden areas; Treehouse Village, Wind Music Island, and Water Collector; to re-activate the Clockmaker's Time Synchronization Machine.
On arriving to the Wind Music Island, Lyra is notified by Tangle that the music eons in this island were once created by fairies, who also used to live there. Lyra finds his notification confusing, though she gradually understands that fairies are responsible of what have been happening to her: the magical chalkboard, the hidden airship, a stranger's whisper...; and not to mention those five powerful powers that Lyra is granted to use. But still she have known her fairy roots yet, as Tangle keeps it from her. After finding all three keys, Lyra returns to the Clockmaker's house and finishes her mission there. She is able to head back to her original dimension, also questioning the adventure that she has taken. But instead of welcoming Lyra with sunshine and daylight, her Town of Wish becomes dark and full of thunders. Lyra wonders what will await for her next.
In the bonus chapter, Lyra has a new dream. She was in the Town of Wish, her family was calling for her, but Lyra couldn't hear them over the sound of rushing water. Her body became light as if she had been floating. Lyra held her breath and fell deeper into that strange dream. Once again, she finds herself alone in another unrecognizable place, a small office in the Barge City, and looks for a magical map.
Development
When the publisher PlayFirst's blog staff interviewed with the game's producer Ryan Sindledecker, he gave players an in depth look at Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air. Taking about coming up with the new features, Ryan shared that the developer, Kat Games came up with all the new features, including using Dream Jewels as powers. With each Dream Chronicles game, Dream Jewels were used differently. In The Book of Air there was a need to add these powers and a need to have a new use for the Jewels and they just fit together perfectly. After the Standard Edition of the game was released, Sindledecker uploaded a special walkthrough for The Book of Air on PlayFirst's blog.
Design
On June 2, 2010, the first sneak peek at The Book of Air, including two artworks "Airship" and "Streets of Wish", was revealed on the official PlayFirst's blog, Inside PlayFirst. Art director at the developer KatGames, Pablo Vietto, explained the ideas behind "Airship" artwork that KatGames wanted to make a "very rustic and compact interior where they could place everything necessary for the navigation of the airship." The artistic inspiration came from the old machines designed by Da Vinci and used in the Jules Verne stories, but adapted to their own style. Meanwhile, adding comments about "Streets of Wish" artwork, Vietto expressed that he wanted to "keep the essence of the Wish village from the first Dream [Chronicles], respecting the roofs and cupules in green tonalities." The idea of having a house with a cupule for a roof was in his mind since the first Dream Chronicles, so this was the perfect opportunity to use it again. According to Vietto, some other details, like the iron works and lights, were inspired by works done by Hector Guimard, a French architect and one of the most important ones during Modernism.
On June 22, the second sneak peek containing three artworks "Wind Music Island", "Wind Music Island Cave", and "Water Collector" was posted on Inside PlayFirst. Pablo Vietto returned to talk about designing artworks in the game. Talking about "Wind Music Island" artwork, Vietto said that KatGames needed an extravagant scenario showing antique constructions made with rocks and natural things around, like coral. Part of the spaces and forms were inspired by the Güell park from Antoni Gaudí. The sculptures and instruments resulted from a combination of the natural forms coming from coral, other sea elements and the figure of a woman (which is always present in their style).
Audio
For the first time in the Dream Chronicles series, players can hear characters' in-game voices. There was also an original soundtrack included exclusively in the Collector's Edition of The Book of Air.
Marketing
On June 15, 2010, PlayFirst updated for the second time the Dream Chronicles official brand page on their website with an interactive map. By clicking on notable spots on the map, players can get more details about all important places which have appeared in the Dream Chronicles series. However, the map was removed a year later when The Book of Water was released.
To celebrate the official launch of The Book of Air Collector's Edition, PlayFirst invited four local Dream Chronicles fans in San Francisco, United States. The invitation included one and a half hour to preview the game, a trip to the California Academy of Sciences, a tour around their office, and time to speak with a panel of the local Dream Chronicles team about the inspiration, story, and future of the Dream Chronicles series. Here, the fans got a chance to speak with Kenny Dinkin, PlayFirst's Chief Creative Officer then about the inspiration for Dream Chronicles, and how they work with the developer KatGames. PlayFirst also hosted seven members of the media, three of their local Dream Chronicles fans, their CEO Mari Baker, and senior product marketing manager Becky Ann Hughes on a real airship ride over San Francisco Bay Area, mimicking Lyra’s own travels in the game.
Release and post-release
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air was first presented limitedly as a beta version on March 12, 2010 for the publisher PlayFirst's players. On June 9, 2010, The Book of Air'''s teaser trailer and game preview were both posted on Gamezebo. It was officially first released as Collector's Edition digitally on June 24, 2010 by PlayFirst and was promoted: "The Dream Chronicles series has earned a reputation for its stunning art, extraordinary puzzles, and intricate, evolving storylines [...] With Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air, these hallmarks of the series are taken to new heights, with the addition of features that will delight both the casual and expert player. Fans will not believe where the story of this new trilogy takes them." The Standard Edition was released shortly later on July 8, 2010 on PlayFirst.
Each edition was quickly available on PlayFirst's exclusive partner, Big Fish Games, on the following day of each release date. Both editions feature the optional double-mode game, while the Collector's one also includes an extra location, seven mini-puzzles, some concept artworks, six wallpapers, the game soundtrack, a detailed walkthrough, a PC screensaver, and a sneak peek (actually some artworks) at the fifth game The Book of Water. These extra features (excluding the bonus game) was released exclusively as a stand-alone piece named "Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air Strategy Guide", along with the release of the Standard Edition, on Big Fish Games on July 9. This Strategy Guide was also available on July 16 on PlayFirst.The Book of Air was another commercially successful Dream Chronicles game, peaking at number-one on seven major casual game charts: PlayFirst, Big Fish Games, iWin.com, SpinTop Games, GameHouse, MSN Games, and Pogo.com; number-three on Yahoo! Games; number-four on Amazon.com, Mac Game Store... and many more.
On May 5, 2011, a high-definition version of this game was available via App Store for iPad device, and the latest version was updated on April 20, 2012. It is the first game in the Dream Chronicles series to be released under the iOS platform.
Reception
Unlike its predecessors, The Book of Air was earned mixed to positive reviews from casual game critics. Positive reviews praised its Dream Chronicles-trademarked high-qualified production values and well-tricky gameplay, while negative reviews criticized its very short length (only 14 scenes to explore, which is even shorter than the original 18-scene Dream Chronicles) and some repetitious puzzles like jigsaw puzzles, placing gears, deciphering letters, and collapse-style fuel puzzles that must be played each time the airship takes off.
Gamezebo's Erin Bell praised the game's animated sequences and highly detailed environments, which made the game easy on the eye, its character voice-overs, and pleasant soundtrack rounded out the high production values that she had come to expect from a Dream Chronicles game. But mostly in her review, Bell cited that The Book of Air lacked some of the outstanding factor of previous games in the series as she said that most of the mini-games were variations on things she had seen dozens of times before. Bell also felt that the story ultimately fell a bit flat as players were simply searching for a bunch of keys. Concluding the review, she said: "The Book of Air is still an enjoyable casual adventure/HOG, but compared to the high standards set by previous games in the series, it comes up a little short. Let's hope that Lyra's next adventure is a more memorable one" and eventually gave it 3.5 stars out of 5.
Meanwhile, DoraDoraBoBora from Jay Is Games described the game as a beautiful point-and-click fantasy game that "mixes puzzles and slight hidden-object hunting to create a beautiful adventure series that might not pose too great of a challenge to some players, but is still a captivating experience while it lasts. [...] Visually the game is striking, and wandering through it feels appropriately dreamlike." Like Gamezebo's Erin Bell, Dora noted that The Book of Air was "to set the stage for the next", and said: "The Book of Air mostly just sends you from place to place solving puzzles. After a while, it starts to feel more like a virtual tour of the world as you fly from place to place. [...] If you've been champing [sic] at the bit for another foray into the Dream Chronicles world, you might be disappointed by how quickly the game is over."
Adventure Gamers noted that "The Book of Air is so short and uninspired it feels like a step back for the series" and gave it 2.5 stars out of 5.
In late 2010, The Book of Air was awarded for the "2nd Runner-Up Best Adventure Game of 2010", and picked into the 2010 Customer Favorites list by Big Fish Games. This was the third time (and second in a row) a game from the Dream Chronicles'' series to enter Big Fish Games' most popular games annual list.
References
External links
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air Standard Edition for iPad on PlayFirst
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air Collector's Edition for PC/Mac on Big Fish Games
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air Standard Edition for PC/Mac on Big Fish Games
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air Strategy Guide for PC/Mac on Big Fish Games
Dream Chronicles: The Book of Air Standard Edition for iPad on iTunes
Dream Chronicles games
2010 video games
Windows games
MacOS games
IOS games
Video game sequels
First-person adventure games
Games built with Playground SDK
Point-and-click adventure games
Video games developed in Spain
Video games scored by Adam Gubman
PlayFirst games
Single-player video games |
Philip Holland (1721 – 2 January 1789) was an English nonconformist minister.
Family and education
The eldest son of Thomas Holland, he was born at Wem, Shropshire. His father, Thomas Holland, a pupil of James Coningham, was ordained in August 1714 as presbyterian minister at Kingsley, Cheshire, and moved to Wem, Shropshire, in 1717. His mother was Mary Savage, granddaughter of Philip Henry.
Philip Holland entered Philip Doddridge's dissenting academy at Northampton in 1739. He was followed in 1744 by his brother John, who conformed; and in 1751 by his brother Henry, who was transferred to Caleb Ashworth's Daventry Academy, and became minister at Prescot and (1765) at Ormskirk, where he died on 10 December 1781.
Minister
Philip first preached at Wolverhampton, Staffordshire; he then became his father's successor at Wem. In the autumn of 1755 he became minister of Bank Street Unitarian Chapel, Bolton, Lancashire, in succession to Thomas Dixon. On account of the popularity of his ministry, the chapel was enlarged in 1760. He kept a boarding-school also. From 1785 William Hawkes (1759–1820) was his colleague.
In theology Holland was of the Arian school, influenced by John Seddon of Warrington, who introduced him to the philosophy of Francis Hutcheson. He assisted Seddon in setting up (1757) Warrington Academy, and wrote the third service in a collection of forms of prayer (1763) edited by Seddon, and generally known as the Liverpool Liturgy. He took an active part in the movement for the repeal (1779) of the doctrinal subscription required by the Toleration Act; after this date his views became somewhat more heterodox. In politics he was an advocate of the independence of the American colonies.
He died at Bolton on 2 January 1789, aged 67. There was a mural monument to his memory in Bank Street Chapel. He married Catharine Holland of Mobberley, Cheshire, and had a son and daughter.
Works
He published sermons, including: ‘The Importance of Learning,’ &c., Warrington, 1760, (reprinted in English Preacher, 1773, vol. ix.) Posthumous was: ‘Sermons on Practical Subjects,’ &c., Warrington, 1792, 2 vols. (this collection, to which a silhouette likeness is prefixed, includes his separate publications, and was edited by John Holland and William Turner). Some of his letters to Seddon are printed in the ‘Seddon Papers’ in the Christian Reformer, 1854 and 1855.
References
Attribution
1721 births
1789 deaths
English Dissenters
People from Wem |
The Office of Technical Service (OTS; formerly known as the Technical Services Division (TSD) and Technical Services Staff (TSS)) is a component of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, responsible for supporting CIA's clandestine operations with gadgets, disguises, forgeries, secret writings, and weapons. The OTS traces its history to October 1942, when OSS director William J. Donovan created the OSS Research and Development Branch, a technical group tasked with creating "dirty tricks and deadly weapons" to combat the US's World War II enemies. Donovan named Cornell University-trained chemist and executive Stanley Platt Lovell as the branch's first head, a man whom the CIA remembers as the "founding father" of the OTS. In the 1950s and early 1960s it also researched, investigated, and experimented with the use of drugs, chemicals, hypnosis, and isolation to extract information during interrogation, as well as to make it easier for American captives to resist interrogation. OTS is part of CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology.
Many film makers have been inspired by OTS, although the information around it is kept highly secret, with only dated projects being revealed and much left it up to interpretation.
See also
Canadian Caper
Tony Mendez
CIA cryptonym
Project MKULTRA
Sidney Gottlieb
United States biological weapons program
Frank Olson
Jonna Mendez
Allen Dulles
References
Further reading
External links
With Release of “Family Jewels,” CIA Acknowledges Years of Assassination Plots, Coerced Drug Tests and Domestic Spying
Central Intelligence Agency |
```javascript
// Mark transpiled classes as __PURE__ so that UglifyJS can remove them
module.exports = function visitor() {
return {
visitor: {
ClassExpression: function ClassExpression(path) {
path.addComment('leading', '#__PURE__');
}
}
};
};
``` |
Matt Saunders (born 1975) is a contemporary artist who is known for his work across diverse media, including painting, photography, video installation and printmaking.
Life
Saunders was born in Tacoma, Washington and grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. After earning degrees from Harvard College (1997, AB, Visual and Environmental Studies). and the Yale School of Art (2002, MFA in Painting and Printmaking), Saunders lived and worked for about a decade in Berlin, Germany before returning to teach at Harvard University, where he is currently Harris K. Weston Associate Professor of the Humanities.
Work
Grounded in a practice of painting, Saunders works in a variety of media, most notably large format photographs produced without a camera, as well as complex installations of hand-painted animated videos, which are projected across canvases and other "screens."
Saunders’ earliest work included ink drawings and oil paintings on mylar, and later a series of "silver paintings" using silver ink and oils. Beginning around 2008 he started the exploration of photography that he continues to this day. In the past several years, Saunders has collaborated with the printmaker Niels Borch Jensen on large-scale and experimental photogravures and etchings from copper plates.
For his photographs, Saunders creates paintings, which he uses as negatives. "Canvas, oil paint, mylar, and related media — what, in other hands, might be framed and put on a wall — become the ‘negatives’ through which light is passed onto photographic paper," explains Rob Colvin for Hyperallergic. These often-unique prints sit provocatively between painting and photography.
In his video installations, Saunders is just as attentive to light and materials, animating "elliptical, often abstract" passages that range freely between representation and abstraction.
Since the beginning of his career, Saunders often references the history of film. "Drawing imagery from his own idiosyncratic photo archive of old cinema and television, Saunders breathes new life into them through a process both labored and tender," writes curator Matthew Thompson. Hamza Walker observes that "[b]ased on Matt Saunders’ work, painting is capable of soliciting from cinema an uncanny dimension of cultural memory." Saunders uses source material in personal and self-reflexive ways. In an article on the artist in Artforum, Lisa Turvey writes: "Saunders’ immediate precursors are, of course, the Pictures-generation artists, and like many of his contemporaries he has internalized their use of photobased, preexisting imagery in the service of a practice unbound by medium or temporality. But he refuses the abjuration of self typical of that art, and closes up the distinction on which it turned." Although often portrait-based, "technique is as much a protagonist as the portraits themselves," and Saunders interrogates the medium of painting through multiple means, in works that can be figurative, landscape or abstract.
Exhibitions
Solo museum and institutional exhibitions include the Renaissance Society, Chicago (2010); Tate Liverpool (2012); Tank Shanghai (2017) and the St. Louis Museum of Art (2017).
He has mounted numerous solo gallery exhibitions including with the Marian Goodman Gallery in New York (2015), London (2018) and Paris (2011, 2014, 2016); with Blum & Poe in Los Angeles (2011, 2014) and Tokyo (2016); with Harris Lieberman in New York (2006, 2009, 2010, 2013) and also with Niels Borch Jensen (Berlin), Martin Asbaek (Copenhagen), Analix Forever (Geneva), Almine Rech (Paris) and Grimm Rosenfeld/ Andreas Grimm (Munich).
His work has been included in notable group exhibitions in venues such as the Whitney Museum, MassMOCA, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Deutsche Guggenheim, Drawing Room (London), Aspen Art Museum, Adams Art Gallery (Wellington, NZ), Presentation House (Vancouver), deCordova Museum (Lincoln, MA), Sabanci Museum (Istanbul), the Prague Biennial 2003 and the 2011 Sharjah Biennial.
Collections:
Saunders’ work is found in many public collections including the Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Solomon B. Guggenheim Museum, Tate Collection, San Franciscso Museum of Modern Art, Hammer Museum, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, St. Louis Museum of Art, Istanbul Modern and the Museum Brandhorst.
Awards:
Saunders is the recipient of the 2015 Rappaport Prize, the 2013 Prix Jean-François Prat and a 2009 Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation award
References
1975 births
Living people
American contemporary artists
Harvard College alumni
Yale School of Art alumni |
```objective-c
/*
* Blowfish algorithm
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef AVUTIL_BLOWFISH_H
#define AVUTIL_BLOWFISH_H
#include <stdint.h>
/**
* @defgroup lavu_blowfish Blowfish
* @ingroup lavu_crypto
* @{
*/
#define AV_BF_ROUNDS 16
typedef struct AVBlowfish {
uint32_t p[AV_BF_ROUNDS + 2];
uint32_t s[4][256];
} AVBlowfish;
/**
* Allocate an AVBlowfish context.
*/
AVBlowfish *av_blowfish_alloc(void);
/**
* Initialize an AVBlowfish context.
*
* @param ctx an AVBlowfish context
* @param key a key
* @param key_len length of the key
*/
void av_blowfish_init(struct AVBlowfish *ctx, const uint8_t *key, int key_len);
/**
* Encrypt or decrypt a buffer using a previously initialized context.
*
* @param ctx an AVBlowfish context
* @param xl left four bytes halves of input to be encrypted
* @param xr right four bytes halves of input to be encrypted
* @param decrypt 0 for encryption, 1 for decryption
*/
void av_blowfish_crypt_ecb(struct AVBlowfish *ctx, uint32_t *xl, uint32_t *xr,
int decrypt);
/**
* Encrypt or decrypt a buffer using a previously initialized context.
*
* @param ctx an AVBlowfish context
* @param dst destination array, can be equal to src
* @param src source array, can be equal to dst
* @param count number of 8 byte blocks
* @param iv initialization vector for CBC mode, if NULL ECB will be used
* @param decrypt 0 for encryption, 1 for decryption
*/
void av_blowfish_crypt(struct AVBlowfish *ctx, uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src,
int count, uint8_t *iv, int decrypt);
/**
* @}
*/
#endif /* AVUTIL_BLOWFISH_H */
``` |
Chester Anton Chesney (March 9, 1916 – September 20, 1986) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois.
Early life and education
Chesney was born in Chicago, Illinois, of Polish descent. He attended St. Hyacinth and Lane Technical High School. He graduated from the DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, in 1938.
Early career
Chesney later played professional football with the Chicago Bears in 1939 and 1940.
He entered the United States Air Force in June 1941 as a private and was discharged as a major in 1946 with service in the Pacific and European Theaters. He served as assistant chief of special service, Veterans Administration, Hines, Illinois, in 1946 and 1947.
After the war, he took graduate work at Northwestern University Graduate Commerce School in 1947. He became an Executive with Montgomery Ward & Co., in 1948 and 1949. He later served as vice-president and director of Avondale Savings & Loan Association.
Political career
Chesney was elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-first Congress (January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1950 to the Eighty-second Congress, though served as delegate to the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
Personal life
He was a resident of Marco Island, Florida, until his death there September 20, 1986. He was interred in St. Adalbert Cemetery, Niles, Illinois.
References
External links
1916 births
1986 deaths
American athlete-politicians
Politicians from Chicago
United States Army Air Forces officers
Chicago Bears players
American politicians of Polish descent
20th-century American politicians
People from Marco Island, Florida
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Military personnel from Illinois |
Ignacy Aleksander Gierymski (30 January 1850, Warsaw – d. 6–8 March 1901, Rome) was a Polish painter of the late 19th century, the younger brother of Maksymilian Gierymski. He was a representative of Realism as well as an important precursor of Impressionism in Poland.
Biography
Aleksander Gierymski completed Secondary State School nr III in Warsaw in 1867, and in the same year commenced drawing studies in Warsaw. Between 1868 and 1872 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich and graduated with a gold medal. He received a commendation for his diploma work The Merchant of Venice. Between 1873 and 1874 he stayed in Italy, mostly in Rome. There he completed his first famous works: Roman Inn and Morra Game, which Gierymski brought to Warsaw in the beginning of 1875 and exhibited at Zachęta Gallery. Both paintings received the attention of audiences and critics.
From late 1875 until 1879 the artist returned to Rome, where he worked to improve his work, particularly spending much time studying Italian paintings. The most important work of the Roman period was his painting In the Arbour. It was an approach to impressionism, which was preceded by extensive studies in this area (for example Cylinder on a table, Man in red tail-coat among others). In the painting In the Arbour, we can see the scene of an 18th-century social gathering, which takes place in a gazebo filled with light from behind. Such scenes allowed him to play with colours and light. Gierymski's work can be compared to contemporary French impressionists, even though he had not yet been in Paris and there was no evidence that he had seen their work.
The greatest period for Gierymski was between the years 1879 and 1888 which he spent in Warsaw. In this time he worked with a group of young positivist writers and painters, clustered around the periodical Wędrowiec (Eng. Wanderer). Responsible for art affairs in these magazines was Stanisław Witkiewicz, who took up a battle for Gierymski's public recognition.
Paintings, which Gierymski made in this period, for example, Jewish women selling oranges; The Old Town Gate, Solec’s Marina, The Feast of Trumpets and Sandblasters and others are based on the lives of poor people from two districts in Warsaw – Powiśle and Old Town. Unfortunately, his works were never understood and respected in contemporary Poland. As other unappreciated persons in his motherland, without livelihoods, he left Warsaw behind and went abroad in 1888.
Following his departure from Poland he lived largely in Germany and France. As his environment changed, his work changed as well. Away from his homeland, he started to paint subjects that weren't so personal. He was mostly painting landscapes (Kufstein Castel Outlook, Part of Rothenburg, sea landscapes). He was frequently painting at night, which allowed him to paint objects under artificial light, such as (Munich nocturnes, Paris Opera at Night, Twilight over Seine).
He came back to Poland in 1893 and stayed till 1895, in order to apply for a position at the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow. This journey revived his interest in human subjects. The Peasant's Coffin is one of the paintings from that period.
For the last years of his life he remained in Italy. From that latter period came works like Interior of Basilica of San Marco in Venice, Piazza del Popolo in Rome or outlooks of Verona.
His bitter disappointments in life are revealed on his self-portrait painted a year prior to his death. He looked at the world with the eye of a naturalist, despite his hot-temper. Tragically, the last years of his life were spent in a mental hospital; nevertheless he left a unique heritage. His works represented realism, like Courbet’s, and he wasn't afraid to represent all matters of life, including the lives of humble people.
Gierymski died between 6 and 8 of March 1901 in Rome in a mental hospital on Via della Lungara Street. He was buried at the Campo Verano Cemetery in Rome on 10 March 1901.
Gallery
Major works
Jewish Woman Selling Lemons (1881), Silesian Museum, Katowice, Poland
Jewess with Oranges (1881), National Museum in Warsaw (stolen in 1944, found in Germany in 2010)
In the Arbour (1882), The National Museum in Warsaw
Powiśle (1883), National Museum in Kraków, Gallery of 19th Century Polish Art at Sukiennice
Feast of Trumpets I (1884), The National Museum in Warsaw
Sandblasters (1887), The National Museum in Warsaw
Wittelsbach Square in Munich at night (1890), The National Museum in Warsaw
Twilight over Seine (1892–1893), The National Museum in Kraków Gallery of 19th Century Polish Art at Sukiennice
Peasant's Coffin (1894–1895), The National Museum in Warsaw
A boy carrying a shaft (1895), National Museum in Wrocław
Lake on the sunset (1900), private collection
Stone Pine near Villa Borghese in Rome (1900), The National Museum in Kraków Gallery of 19th Century Polish Art st Sukiennice
The Sea (1891), The National Museum in Warsaw
See also
List of Polish painters
References
External links
1850 births
1901 deaths
Painters from Warsaw
19th-century Polish painters
19th-century Polish male artists
Polish male painters
Expatriates in Italy
Artists from Congress Poland
Painters from the Russian Empire |
Sabrina De Leeuw (born 19 August 1974) is a retired Belgian high jumper.
She won the 1993 European Junior Championships, and the gold medal at the 1997 Jeux de la Francophonie, She also competed at the 1993 World Championships without reaching the final. She was given the Golden Spike Award in 1993.
She became Belgian champion in 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Her main domestic competitor was Natalja Jonckheere, before Tia Hellebaut took over the hegemony. De Leeuw also became French champion in 1998 and 2000. Her personal best jump is , achieved in August 1993 in Sheffield.
References
1974 births
Living people
Belgian female high jumpers |
Tatarka may refer to:
Tatarka (musician), hip-hop artist from Tatarstan, Russia
Tatarka, old name of , a village in Odesa Raion, Ukraine, site of the alleged WWII Tatarka common graves
, a neighbourhood in Kyiv, Ukraine
several places with the name in Russia and Belarus, see :be:Татарка and :ru:Татарка
Tatarka (Babka), a river in Russia
several other Russian rivers with the name, see :ru:Татарка#Реки
286162 Tatarka, a minor planet
Dominik Tatarka (1913–1989), Slovak author
See also
Tatarca (disambiguation)
Tatarşa (disambiguation)
Tatar (disambiguation) |
Susan Walsh may refer to:
Susan Walsh (actress) (1948–2009), American actress
Susan Walsh (missing person)
Susan Walsh (swimmer) (born 1962), American swimmer
Susan Smith-Walsh (born 1971), Irish hurdler |
Yitzhak Ze'ev Pindrus (, born 20 July 1971) is an Israeli politician currently serving as a member of the Knesset for United Torah Judaism.
Biography
Pindrus is the eldest son of American immigrants Moshe and Zelda, who moved to Israel and settled in Jerusalem. He attended Yeshivat Aderet Eliyahu, before marrying at the age of 19 and moving to the Beitar Illit settlement. Between 1991 and 1996 he worked as an advisor to Moshe Leibovitz, the head of Beitar Illit local council, before being elected deputy leader of the council in 1996 on behalf of Degel HaTorah.
In 2001 Pindrus ran for mayor of Beitar Illit, unseating the incumbent mayor Yehuda Gerlitz. Pindrus won by just 162 votes after he received 2,688 votes to Gerlitz's 2,526. In 2007, Pindrus lost the mayoral election to Meir Rubinstein. After his election defeat as mayor of Beitar Illit, Pindrus moved back to the Old City of Jerusalem, where he lives with his wife and six children. He is fluent in Hebrew, English, and Yiddish. He subsequently became a member of Jerusalem City Council in 2008, becoming deputy mayor and portfolio holder for sanitation and city improvements. He was eighteenth on the United Torah Judaism list (an alliance of Degel HaTorah and Agudat Yisrael) for the 2013 elections, but the alliance won only seven seats. He was twenty-second on the list for the 2015 Knesset elections, in which UTJ won six seats. In 2016 he became acting mayor of Jerusalem.
Prior to the 2018 local elections he resigned from Jerusalem City Council and as deputy mayor in order to contest the mayoral election in El'ad. However, he was subsequently barred from contesting the elections as he was not a permanent resident of the city. In the build-up to the April 2019 Knesset elections he was placed eighth on the UTJ list. He was subsequently elected to the Knesset as the faction won eight seats. However, he lost his seat in the September 2019 elections when UTJ was reduced to seven seats. He re-entered the Knesset in June 2020 as a replacement for Meir Porush, who had resigned under the Norwegian Law after being appointed to the cabinet.
Views and opinions
Conversion to Judaism through the IDF — Pindrus has publicly opposed the validity of conversion to Judaism conducted through an Israeli military program. In a panel on religion and state held by ITIM: Resources and Advocacy for Jewish Life and the 'Kippah' website held prior to the 2021 Israeli Knesset elections, Pindrus said that he did not recognize the Judaism of IDF Nativ graduates, despite their approval by the Chief Rabbinate. Pindrus later apologized on Israel's Channel 12 for his use of the term “shiksa” when referring to women who converted to Judaism through the IDF. Pindrus said the use of the term was not appropriate, although he continued to insist that these women were not Jewish according to halakha. Pidrus was reportedly criticized by MK Yair Lapid who responded that Pindrus' view was reflective of his ignorance of the commitment of these women to preserving Jewish life in Israel.
Women's prayer at the Western Wall — Pindrus reportedly helped organize Haredi opposition campaign against Women of the Wall, a pluralistic Jewish prayer group at the Western Wall.
Death penalty for rapists - Pindrus has publicly expressed support for rapists to be "shot at point blank range."
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
Degel HaTorah politicians
Deputy Mayors of Jerusalem
Israeli Ashkenazi Jews
Israeli Orthodox Jews
Israeli people of American-Jewish descent
Israeli settlers
Jewish Israeli politicians
Mayors of places in Israel
Members of the 21st Knesset (2019)
Members of the 23rd Knesset (2020–2021)
Members of the 24th Knesset (2021–2022)
Members of the 25th Knesset (2022–)
Politicians from Jerusalem
United Torah Judaism politicians |
```java
package io.jpress.model.base;
import io.jboot.db.model.JbootModel;
import com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.IBean;
/**
* Generated by JPress, do not modify this file.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public abstract class BaseOption<M extends BaseOption<M>> extends JbootModel<M> implements IBean {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* ID
*/
public void setId(java.lang.Long id) {
set("id", id);
}
/**
* ID
*/
public java.lang.Long getId() {
return getLong("id");
}
/**
* KEY
*/
public void setKey(java.lang.String key) {
set("key", key);
}
/**
* KEY
*/
public java.lang.String getKey() {
return getStr("key");
}
/**
*
*/
public void setValue(java.lang.String value) {
set("value", value);
}
/**
*
*/
public java.lang.String getValue() {
return getStr("value");
}
/**
* ID
*/
public void setSiteId(java.lang.Long siteId) {
set("site_id", siteId);
}
/**
* ID
*/
public java.lang.Long getSiteId() {
return getLong("site_id");
}
}
``` |
Alberta Adams (July 26, 1917 – December 25, 2014) was an American blues singer.
Raised in Detroit, Michigan, she began performing as a tap dancer and nightclub singer in the 1930s. In 1952, she signed a recording contract with Chess Records and recorded with Red Saunders for the label. She toured with Duke Ellington, Eddie Vinson, Louis Jordan, Lionel Hampton, and T-Bone Walker, among others.
In her solo career, she secured a recording contract with the now-defunct Cannonball Records and recorded two albums for them: Born with the Blues (1999) and Say Baby Say (2000). Her 2004 album, I'm on the Move, was released by Eastlawn Records. In 2006 she released the EP Detroit's Queen of the Blues, which was named Outstanding Blues/R&B Recording at the 2006 Detroit Music Awards. At age 91 she recorded Detroit Is My Home, with Ann Rabson and Thornetta Davis.
Early life
Adams was born as Roberta Louise Osborn on July 26, 1917, in Indianapolis, Indiana. She was raised in Detroit by family members, initially an aunt. From an early age she wanted to be an entertainer. Escaping a difficult home life at age fourteen, she began living on her own, getting a small apartment near Woodward, where she stayed for five or six years.
She began performing as a tap dancer in Detroit's Hastings Street clubs in Detroit and began singing shortly after. In the 1940s, she appeared at the B&C club as a tap dancer, among artists such as John Lee Hooker. When headliner Kitty Stevenson was too ill to perform one night, Adams gave an impromptu two-song performance, as a result of which the club hired her as a vocalist for a five-year stint. Among her contemporaries and musical teachers on Hastings Street were Hooker, Big Maceo Merriweather, Eddie "Guitar" Burns, and Eddie Kirkland.
Music career
Early years
Phil and Leonard Chess, of Chess Records, heard Adams performing on Hastings Street and signed her as a vocalist in the 1950s. With Chess she recorded with Red Saunders's band, among other artists. Several of her recordings were included on Chess compilations in the 1990s. For a time she was a member of the Bluesettes, a vocal group that toured as part of Tiny Bradshaw's big band. She also recorded for Savoy Records in Newark, New Jersey, releasing the single "Say Baby Say", with the T.J. Fowler Band.
Adams toured with Louis Jordan, T-Bone Walker, Duke Ellington, Eddie Vinson, and Lionel Hampton, among others. After a hiatus from heavy performing and recording, she began touring with the guitarist Johnnie Bassett in the 1990s.
In 1997 she contributed to the Detroit edition of Blues Across America. AllMusic stated that, "Chanteuse Alberta Adams, a long time fixture on the scene, closes things out with four wonderful sides using a core band that revolves around Johnnie Bassett. With this entry in this important series, it's obvious that Detroit blues is alive, well and thriving." According to AllMusic, the album gave her career a boost and led to a recording contract for her upcoming solo albums.
Solo albums
Cannonball Records
In her solo career, Adams secured a recording contract with the now-defunct Cannonball Records and recorded two albums for them: Born with the Blues (1999) and Say Baby Say (2000). According to AllMusic, "Both albums were well received by blues critics and blues DJs, and they helped relaunch her touring career, as she frequented festivals around the U.S. and Canada in the late '90s and in 2000."
Her debut solo album, Born with the Blues, was released on February 16, 1999. She composed most of the songs and recorded them with a band featuring the guitarist Johnnie Bassett and the pianist Bill Heid. Born with the Blues made Living Blues magazine's Top 25 Albums for 1999. It received a positive review from AllMusic: "Adams runs through a batch of tunes ranging from jump blues, New Orleans R&B, smoky ballads and jazzy slow blues. A seasoned performer, Adams still has a sizable amount of honey in her voice...just solid singing by a true American music treasure."
Her second solo album, Say Baby Say, released on June 6, 2000, was recorded in October 1999. She again composed many of the songs. Bill Heid, the pianist from her previous release, produced the album and contributed to the composition of some songs. The drummer R.J. Spangler was a co-producer. MTV praised the backing band, saying they offered "tasteful support" and stating that "the main attraction here is the forcefully husky-voiced Adams. Emphasizing her candid attitude and masterful timing helps overcome the occasional moments where her expressive voice has been thinned by age." According to MTV, Adams "stared down considerable challenges and wastes no time with pity or tact on her new album Say Baby Say: Life’s Trials and Tribulations According to Miss Alberta Adams." The album received four out of five stars from AllMusic, which stated that in the album "Adams looked back on a life raising three children and three stepchildren, four marriages, and decades of blues performance. Such a life has its contrasts of ups and downs reflected in the album."
Eastlawn Records
According to JP Blues, "her solo career enjoyed a resurgence starting in the 1990s with her association with manager and musician R.J. Spangler [of Eastlawn Records]."
Her 2004 album, I'm on the Move, was released by Eastlawn Records, a Detroit label operated by Spangler. Backing musicians on the album, billed as the Rhythm Rockers, included Paul Carey (guitarist and co-producer) and Spangler (bandleader, drummer, and co-producer). The album was recorded in July 2003 and released in 2004. AllMusic gave it a glowing review and 4.5 out of 5 stars, stating the album "finds Adams at the top of her game and seeming to enjoy herself." The review also praised the production team, stating that Carey and Spangler "add an electric R&B aesthetic to the proceedings riding nicely between gutbucket shouters, mid-tempo swing and funky urban blues."
In 2006 her EP Detroit's Queen of the Blues with the Rhythm Rockers was released by Eastlawn. It was named Outstanding Blues/R&B Recording at the 2006 Detroit Music Awards.
At age 91, Adams recorded Detroit Is My Home, released by Eastlawn in 2008. She composed many of the songs. Background vocals were contributed by CeeCee Collins and Thornetta Davis. Among the band members were Shawn McDonald (organ), Ann Rabson (piano and composition), and Spangler (drums and production).
Final years and death
Adams was active as a performer and recording artist in her final years. In 2009 she contributed vocals and composition to the album Local Boys, by the Motor City Horns, and in 2010 she was a composer and guest artist on Blowin' Away the Blues, by Planet D Nonet. The following year she was a primary artist on the compilation album The Eternal Myth Revealed Vol. 1, featuring her older tracks with Red Saunders on Chess Records, and in 2013 she was a primary artist on the compilation album Definitive Detroit Blues, released by Not Now Music.
In February 2014, the singers Thornetta Davis and Tosha Owens were featured in the concert "To Alberta with Love", a tribute to Adams, who was then 96 years old.
Adams died on December 25, 2014, at the age of 97, in Dearborn, Michigan.
A tribute concert was given by her niece, singer Lily Delois Adams, in Detroit in July 2016.
Style
AllMusic has called her "the personification of the Detroit blues scene," stating that "the undisputed, unrivaled, peerless Detroit Queen of the Blues is Alberta Adams." Mostly a self-taught vocalist, Adams mentioned the blues shouter Big Joe Turner and the singer-songwriters Dinah Washington, Sarah Vaughan, and LaVern Baker as some of her earliest musical influences.
Discography
Solo recordings
Studio albums
EPs
Singles (incomplete list)
Composition and performance credits
See also
Detroit blues
References
External links
Alberta Adams profile, EastlawnRecords.com; accessed December 25, 2014.
Alberta Adams at AllMusic
Alberta Adams at Discogs
1917 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
American blues singers
Chess Records artists
Chicago blues musicians
Detroit blues musicians
Eastlawn Records artists
Jump blues musicians
Singers from Detroit |
The 2001 Asian Fencing Championships were held in Bangkok, Thailand from 4 August to 9 August 2001.
Medal summary
Men
Women
Medal table
References
FIE Magazine
Individual Results
Team Results
External links
Official website
Asian Championship
F
Asian Fencing Championships
International fencing competitions hosted by Thailand |
John Henry Albert "Daisy" Davis (November 28, 1858November 5, 1902) was a right-handed professional baseball pitcher who played at the major league level in 1884 and 1885 for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Beaneaters.
Career
Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Davis made his big league debut on May 6, 1884, for the Browns. In 25 games with them (24 starts), he went 10–12 with 20 complete games and an ERA of 2.90. His 6.49 strikeouts per nine innings pitched were second in the American Association that year, and 4.09 strikeout to walk ratio was eighth. He then appeared in four games for the Beaneaters, completing all of them but going only 1–3 with a 7.84 ERA. Overall, he went 11–15 with 23 complete games in 29 games (28 starts). He had a 3.57 ERA.
In 1885, he appeared in 11 games, completing 10 of them. He went 5–6 with a 4.29 ERA.
He played his final game on July 29. Overall, Davis went 16–21 with a 3.78 ERA in 40 games. He completed 33 of the games he pitched. As a batter, he hit .157 in 140 at-bats, and he had a .826 fielding percentage. Statistically, he is most similar to Stan Yerkes, according to the Similarity Scores at Baseball-Reference.com.
Following his death of consumption at the age of 43, he was interred at Pine Grove Cemetery in Lynn.
References
External links
1858 births
1902 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
19th-century baseball players
St. Louis Browns players
Boston Beaneaters players
Baseball players from Boston
Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players
Toronto Canucks players
Portsmouth Lillies players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Massachusetts |
pwdump is the name of various Windows programs that outputs the LM and NTLM password hashes of local user accounts from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database and from the Active Directory domain's users cache on the operating system.
It is widely used, to perform both the famous pass-the-hash attack, or also can be used to brute-force users' password directly. In order to work, it must be run under an Administrator account, or be able to access an Administrator account on the computer where the hashes are to be dumped. Pwdump could be said to compromise security because it could allow a malicious administrator to access user's passwords.
History
The initial program called pwdump was written by Jeremy Allison. He published the source code in 1997 (see open-source). Since then there have been further developments by other programmers:
pwdump (1997) — original program by Jeremy Allison.
pwdump2 (2000) — by Todd Sabin of Bindview (GPL), uses DLL injection.
pwdump3 — by Phil Staubs (GPL), works over the network.
pwdump3e — by Phil Staubs (GPL), sends encrypted over network.
pwdump4 — by bingle (GPL), improvement on pwdump3 and pwdump2.
pwdump5 — by AntonYo! (freeware).
pwdump6 (c. 2006) — by fizzgig (GPL), improvement of pwdump3e. No source code.
fgdump (2007) — by fizzgig, improvement of pwdump6 w/ addons. No source code.
pwdump7 — by Andres Tarasco (freeware), uses own filesystem drivers. No source code.
pwdump8 — by Fulvio Zanetti and Andrea Petralia, supports AES128 encrypted hashes (Windows 10 and later). No source code.
Notes
References
Windows security software
Cryptographic attacks
Free security software
Command-line software |
A Nirvana Phone was a marketing phrase coined by Citrix for a smartphone that could be docked with external displays and keyboards to create an alternative desktop or laptop computer system. It was to define a new category of mobile device with a capability beyond a conventional smartphone computer.
The NirvanaPhone provides the processor, storage media, display adapter, communication channels, and operating system. The docking station provides power, and connectivity. To be useful the NirvanaPhone differs from a simple smartphone by having significant processing power, video output at high resolution, plus keyboard and mouse input. A smartphone is generally accepted as a device that has both mobile phone capability as well as an operating system that can run applications such as email, web browser, media player and personal organizers. The NirvanaPhone adds external monitor capability which could be a computer monitor, an HDTV, or a video projector. The dock could be a cradle, cable or a wireless connection. This allows the NirvanaPhone to run applications that can utilize a full-sized display for better readability or collaboration. Or in combination with a keyboard and mouse, perhaps using Bluetooth, the NirvanaPhone could act as a thin client connected to a virtual desktop for business use.
History
The concept of using a smartphone as a PC has been around for a number of years.
As early as 2002, the Treo 180 running Palm OS could be docked with a keyboard but lacked data communications. By 2007, the Nokia N93/N95 smartphone running Symbian OS included a TV-out feature, but the NTSC video was only adequate for photo and low resolution video viewing and the phone did not support many applications. The newer Nokia phones have HD video-out capability and their application set and connectivity options have grown. The i-Mate 8501/8502, also released in 2007, was perhaps the first smartphone that provided a full 1024×768 XVGA resolution which could support a full desktop user interface. While short-lived, the i-Mate with a receiver application installed and network linked to a remote server with desktop virtualization software could provide a full PC experience.
As early as 2008,
Citrix Systems coined the phrase Nirvana Phone and articulated the benefits. To minimize the processing, memory, and storage requirements on the phone, Citrix and Open Kernel Labs developed a thin client - virtual server software suite that was first demonstrated in 2010.
In 2010 a new generation of smartphones appeared including many that have the required video-out capability to qualify as a NirvanaPhone. The HTC EVO phone includes HDMI capability which can output 720p resolution, high enough for virtual desktop usage. The Dell Streak also includes HDMI through a docking station. The iPhone 4 provide an optional VGA connector that can support up to 1024×768 resolution, also potentially capable of a desktop experience when connected to an external monitor. This movement included Nvidia's Tegra 2 system-on-a-chip that integrated both multiple CPUs and a GPU.
By 2011, the Motorola Atrix 4G was introduced as a fully operational NirvanaPhone. Using the Atrix's 1280×720 video output through a mini-HDMI connector, Motorola developed a light docking station that converts the Atrix into an instant laptop. The Atrix smartphone also has a dual-core 1 GHz processor, giving it better performance than many contemporary smartphones and tablets. The concept used by the Atrix received positive reviews and awards such as best smartphone CES 2011 However the Atrix specifically has also had negative reviews based on the cost of the docking stations.
See also
Docking station
Portable computer
Mobile computing
Mobile device
Smartphone
References
External links
The Nirvana Phone Concept Spec and Reference Architecture
Nirvana Phone Reference Architecture white paper
4 Reasons Why Windows Phone 7 Will Beat iPhone and Android
Smartphones |
The 3rd Division () is the fourth tier of the Danish football league system since the 2021–22 season. It is a semi-professional association football league for men. It is organised by the Divisionsforeningen on behalf of the Danish Football Association (DBU) as part of the nationwide football competitions and is positioned between the third-tier 2nd Division and the fifth-tier Denmark Series in the league pyramid.
History
In 2020, the Danish Football Association announced the creation of one new division, which would split the existing third tier 2nd Division in two, creating a new fourth tier: the 3rd Division. Therefore, it replaced the Denmark Series as the fourth tier, which instead became the new fifth tier.
League format
The 3rd Division is made up of a total of 12 clubs. After 22 rounds the group will be split in a promotion group and a relegation group. The top two teams of the promotion group will be promoted to the Danish 2nd Division, while the bottom four in the relegation group are relegated to the Denmark Series.
References
4
Fourth level football leagues in Europe
Professional sports leagues in Denmark |
```xml
// Next.js API route support: path_to_url
import type { NextApiRequest, NextApiResponse } from "next";
import { FliptApiClient } from "@flipt-io/flipt";
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from "uuid";
const client = new FliptApiClient({
environment: process.env.FLIPT_ADDR ?? "path_to_url",
});
type Data = {
name: string;
};
export default async function handler(
_req: NextApiRequest,
res: NextApiResponse<Data>
) {
let language = "english";
try {
const evaluation = await client.evaluation.variant({
namespaceKey: "default",
flagKey: "language",
entityId: uuidv4(),
context: {},
});
language = evaluation.variantKey;
} catch (err) {
console.log(err);
}
let response: any = {
greeting:
language == "spanish"
? "Hola, from Next.js API route"
: "Hello, from Next.js API route",
};
res.status(200).json(response);
}
``` |
The Plains Algonquian languages are commonly grouped together as a subgroup of the larger Algonquian family, itself a member of the Algic family. Though the grouping is often encountered in the literature, it is an areal grouping rather than a genetic one. In other words, the languages are grouped together because they were spoken near one another, not because they are more closely related to one another than to any other Algonquian language. Most studies indicate that within the Algonquian family, only Eastern Algonquian constitutes a separate genetic subgroup.
Family
The Plains Algonquian languages are well known for having diverged significantly from Proto-Algonquian (the parent of all Algonquian languages), both phonologically and lexically. For example, Proto-Algonquian *keriwa, "eagle", becomes Cheyenne netse; Proto-Algonquian *weθali, "her husband", becomes Arapaho ííx, *nepyi, "water" becomes Gros Ventre níc, *wa·poswa, "hare" becomes Arapaho nóóku, *maθkwa, "bear" becomes Arapaho wox, and *sakime·wa, "fly" becomes Arapaho noubee. Proto-Algonquian *eθkwe·wa 'woman' becomes Arapaho hisei, Cheyenne hé’e, Gros Ventre iiθe, and Nitsitapi skiima "female animal" and -ohkiimi- "have a wife".
Family division
The languages are listed below along with dialects and subdialects. This classification follows Goddard (1996, 2001) and Mithun (1999).
1. Blackfoot (also known as Blackfeet)
2. Arapahoan
i. Arapaho-Atsina
Arapaho (also known as Arapahoe or Arapafoe)
Gros Ventre (also known as Atsina, Aáni, Ahahnelin, Ahe, A'aninin, A'ane, or A'ananin) (†)
Besawunena (†)
Nawathinehena (†)
Ha’anahawunena (†)
3. Cheyenne
Cheyenne
Sutaio (also known as Soʼtaaʼe) (†)
See also
Algonquian peoples
References
External links
Algonquian Family
Algonquian languages
Bibliography
Berman, Howard (2006). "Studies in Blackfoot prehistory". International Journal of American Linguistics, vol. 72, no. 2, 264–284.
Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. .
Goddard, Ives (1994). "The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialectology." In William Cowan, ed., Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference 187-211. Ottawa: Carleton University.
———— (1996). "Introduction". In Ives Goddard, ed., "Languages". Vol. 17 of William Sturtevant, ed., The Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
———— (2001). "The Algonquian Languages of the Plains". In Raymond J. DeMaille, ed., "Plains". Vol. 13 of William Sturtevant, ed., The Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
Mithun, Marianne (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (hbk); .
Algonquian languages
Indigenous languages of the North American Plains
Indigenous languages of North America |
Resseropsis is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the late Atdabanian stage, which lasted from 530 to 524 million years ago during the early part of the Cambrian Period.
References
Trilobite genera
Cambrian trilobites |
I Have Dreamed is an album recorded by The Lettermen.
Track listing
"I Have Dreamed" (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II)
"Traces" (Buddy Buie, James Cobb, Emory Gordy)
"Me About You" (Garry Bonner, Alan Gordon)
"I Love How You Love Me" (Barry Mann, Larry Kolber)
"California Dreamin'" (John Phillips, Michelle Phillips)
"I'm Gonna Make You Love Me" (Kenny Gamble, Jerry Ross, Jerry Williams, Jr.)
"You Showed Me" (Roger McGuinn, Gene Clark)
"Wichita Lineman" (Jimmy Webb)
"The Worst That Could Happen" (Webb)
"No Other Love" (Bob Russell, Paul Weston)
"T.K.E. Sweetheart Song (Of All The Girls That I Have Known)" (Albert M. Rockwell)
The Lettermen albums
1969 albums
Capitol Records albums |
Merissa Ria Aguilleira (born 14 December 1985) is a Trinidadian former cricketer who played as a right-handed wicket-keeper batter. She played for the West Indies between 2008 and 2019, appearing in 112 One Day Internationals and 95 Twenty20 Internationals before announcing her retirement from international cricket in April 2019. She played domestic cricket for Trinidad and Tobago.
Career
In 2007, she was named captain of Trinidad and Tobago. Another role Merissa has is as the Sports Ambassador for Atlantic LNG.
Aguillera captained the West Indies in the 2009 Women's Cricket World Cup. A wicket keeper and top order batsman, she has played 15 One Day Internationals since making her début against the Netherlands in 2008.
In 2011, in Bangladesh, Aguilleira, along with the rest of the West Indies team, won (ICC Women’s World Cup Qualifier) four-nation tournament. She and her team also played in the 50-over World Cup Final in 2013. They played against Australia and were defeated. Earlier in Merissa’s life, she went to Moruga Composite School where she played windball cricket.
In 2015 Aguilleira was removed as captain when Pakistan women's cricket team toured West Indies, three days before they were announced as a new team. Jamaican’s Stafanie Taylor replaced her.
Aguilleira was captain of the West Indies from 2007-2015. While she was captain she took the team to the finals of the 2013 Women's Cricket World Cup and took the team to the semi-finals the last three Twenty20 World Cups.
Aguilleira along with reserve players are a part of a squad that is currently in a training camp at the West Indies High Performance Centre in Barbados. On 17 February 2013 West Indies were defeated by Australia by 114 runs in the finals. This was the ICC Women’s world cup at Barbourne Stadium. Also in 2013 Merissa Aguilleira was a nominee for Sportswoman of the Year at First Citizens Sports Foundation Awards ceremony, this was held at Queen's Hall.
In 2016 Merissa Aguilleira and the rest of the West Indies defeated New Zealand. This was in the semi-finals in the Women's ICC World Twenty20 in Mumbai, India.
She holds the record for playing the most number of WT20I matches as captain who also has kept wicket (62 matches).
In October 2018, Cricket West Indies (CWI) awarded her a women's contract for the 2018–19 season. Later the same month, she was named in the West Indies' squad for the 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament in the West Indies.
Outside of cricket
In 2002, alongside the Trinidad and Tobago Under-23's, Merissa played hardball cricket. Aguilleira is a part of the annual book drive in her community of Moruga. Doing this she partnered with Atlantic to help support the students in her community.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago women cricketers
Trinidad and Tobago women cricket captains
West Indian women cricketers
West Indies women Twenty20 International cricketers
West Indies women One Day International cricketers
West Indian women cricket captains
Wicket-keepers |
Vater Seidl und sein Sohn is a German television series. It is a remake of the 1954 television series of the same title.
See also
List of German television series
External links
1976 German television series debuts
1979 German television series endings
Television shows set in Munich
German-language television shows
Das Erste original programming |
A distributed cost is a cost that is spread over many individuals, transactions, or users, rather than being concentrated on few of these. The term can be used generally of costs that are naturally distributed; it is also a specific accounting term for total costs that are calculated to include a fair share of indirect costs.
Generally, distributed costs are easy to ignore because no one person has a great stake in avoiding them. The classic example of this is "the tragedy of the commons." If a village has some common land, it is to each individual's advantage to graze their own herd on it, thus distributing their own herd's cost over everyone. Of course, if many people do this the commons is destroyed. Email spam may be considered a present-day example, because the cost of emails is spread over countless users and service providers, providing a free benefit to spammers; though again if enough people use the common resource for their own gain, the cost becomes unacceptable.
Specifically, in accounting, an accurate measure of a product or service's cost may include not only direct costs (such as parts and labor in manufacturing), but also an appropriate share of indirect costs shared over many products, such as manufacturing space, utilities, maintenance of machine tools, licenses, staff training, and so on. The latter costs are said to be distributed.
In his book Principles of Programming Languages, Bruce MacLennon uses the term to describe a problem in some programming languages, where a little-used feature introduces costs that are seen even in the commonly-used cases. He introduced the term "localized cost" to describe a desirable design concept where a feature does not cause other use cases to have additional costs. The canonical example of such a distributed cost in this definition is the For loop in the language ALGOL; it offered extreme flexibility but at the cost of making even simple loops slower to perform.
References
Bibliography
Costs |
The 1922 Copa Ibarguren was the 10th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. It was played by the champions of both leagues, Primera División and Liga Rosarina de Football crowned during 1922.
Huracán (Primera División champion) faced Newell's Old Boys (Liga Rosarina champion) in a match held in Estadio Sportivo Barracas on March 4, 1923. As the match ended in a tie, both teams played a new game on April 22 at the same venue, where Huracán defeated Newell's 1–0 taking revenge from the previous edition and therefore winning its first Ibarguren trophy.
Qualified teams
Note
Match details
Final
Playoff
References
i
i
1922 in Argentine football
1922 in South American football |
William Morgan (1815 – ) was a leading member of the Birmingham Anti-Slavery Society, whose members were very influential in abolitionist movements in Britain.
Career
Morgan was trained as a solicitor and worked in Birmingham.
He was an active member of the Birmingham Anti-Slavery Society, which campaigned for abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1838. On the anniversary of the abolition a celebration was again held in Birmingham and it was Morgan who distributed information and invitations to the local Sunday Schools.
Morgan was a founder of the local Baptist Union and served as secretary to the Birmingham Anti-Slavery Society revived around 1835, when British slavery was made illegal (in 1838). The picture shows him at the 1840 Anti-Slavery Convention which was organised by Morgan's colleague Joseph Sturge. Morgan served as a secretary at the 1840 convention. He continued to work with Sturge during the 1850s.
He became the Town clerk in Birmingham and gave a collection of books to Birmingham Library. In 1866, the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society sent Morgan to Jamaica.
Family
Morgan was the third son of the Reverend Thomas Morgan. He married Henrietta Barnard, from Nailsworth in Gloucestershire, on 6 March 1841.
Works
The Arabs of tía City or a Plea for Brotherhood with the Outcast - Address to the YMCA, Birmingham, 1853 (when he was Town Clerk of Birmingham), Hudson and Son, London
References
1815 births
1890 deaths
Activists from Birmingham, West Midlands
English abolitionists
Local government officers in England |
Maria Elisa Domingues, known as Maria Elisa (born June 4, 1950) is a Portuguese journalist and television presenter.
Early years
Maria Elisa was born in Lisbon, Portugal. After attending the Medical School of the University of Lisbon for two years and the Drama School for another two (1967–1972), she trained as a professional journalist at the Centre de Formation des Journalistes, in Paris (1974–1977).
Career
As a journalist with RTP, the Portuguese Public Television, she was the author and hostess of her own political and cultural talk shows since 1977. She received and interviewed most of the Presidents, Prime Ministers and other politicians, writers, painters and many other relevant cultural Portuguese personalities as well as business men and union leaders, among many others. She was the hostess of The Greatest Portuguese, a BBC format (October 2006 to March 2007).
In her life Maria Elisa Domingues had other professional experiences: she was the Press Counselor to Prime Minister Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo (1979/1980); Program Director of RTP (1980–1983 and 1998–1999); Press Counselor with the Portuguese Embassy in Madrid (1986–1987); Director of Communication of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (1995–1998) and Cultural Counselor with the Portuguese Embassy in London (2004–2006).
Maria Elisa nowadays is the President of Associação dos Jornalistas Europeus (the Portuguese association of European Journalists) and also a regular contributor to some of Portugal's largest newspapers and news magazines, such as Diário de Notícias, Público, Expresso and Visão.
Honours and decorations
She received the Ordem do Mérito from President Mário Soares in 1987.
Personal life
In January 2001, Maria Elisa was diagnosed with fibromyalgia. She is a member of Myos—Associação Nacional Contra a Fibromialgia e Síndrome de Fadiga Crónica (Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue National Association).
References
1950 births
Living people
Portuguese women journalists
Portuguese television presenters
Lisbon Theatre and Film School alumni
University of Lisbon alumni
Portuguese women television presenters |
Vivek Oberoi (born Vivek Anand Oberoi; 3 September 1976) is an Indian actor who predominantly appears in Hindi films. He made his film debut with Ram Gopal Varma's Company (2002) which was a superhit at the box office and he won Filmfare Best Debut, Filmfare Best Supporting Actor and Filmfare Best Actor.
His next release was Saathiya (2002) which too was a superhit at the box office and he won Filmfare Best Actor and Superstar of Tomorrow-Male at Stardust Awards. But many of his films flopped at the box office and created a setback in his film career. But then his performance got noted in films like Yuva (2004) and Omkara (2006) and won Best Supporting Actor for the former and for the latter he won Best Supporting Actor at Bollywood Movie Awards.
His Performance in negative roles got noticed at Shootout at Lokhandwala (2007) and Lucifer (2019) and for the former he won Star Screen Award Best Villain and for the latter
he won Best Actor at Negative Role 7th South Indian International Movie Awards, Asianet Film Awards and Vanitha Film Awards.
Films
Hindi
Other language films
Television
Music video
Dubbing
References
Indian filmographies
Male actor filmographies |
En passant is a 1997 album recorded by the French singer-songwriter Jean-Jacques Goldman. The CD was produced between April and August 1997 in collaboration with Erick Benzi at the Kevin Mobile, Mega and Gimmick studios, and was released on the Columbia/Sony BMG record label on 26 August 1997.
Album information
The CD uses the HDCD format, which improves the quality of the audio (compared to regular CDs) when played back in a suitable player. The album is intimate and contains acoustic and blues melodies. It mainly deals with death ("On ira", "En passant") and love ("Sache que je", "Quand tu danses", "Les Murailles").
The album went straight to number one on the SNEP albums chart in France and remained for 82 weeks in the top 200. In Belgium (Wallonia), it also debuted at number one and totaled 65 weeks on the chart. It was only ranked for ten weeks in Switzerland, but earned a Platinum disc. It was less successful in Belgium (Flanders) where it stayed for six weeks on the charts (top 50).
The album provided three singles, but only the first one was a hit : "Sache que je" reached No. 19 in France and No. 18 in Belgium (Wallonia), while the other two singles ("Quand tu danses" and "Bonne idée") failed to enter the top 50 (#66 and No. 68 in France).
Track listing
All tracks written, composed and performed by Goldman.
"Sache que je" – 5:25
"Bonne idée" – 3:27
"Tout était dit" – 4:18
"Quand tu danses" – 4:25
"Le coureur" – 4:14
"Juste quelques hommes" – 4:44
"Nos mains" – 3:18
"Natacha" – 3:01
"Les murailles" – 2:28
"On ira" – 4:25
"En passant" – 7:18
Personnel
Jean-Jacques Goldman – guitar, vocals
Erick Benzi – engineer
Claude Gassian – photography
Alexis Grosbois – coordination
Release history
Certifications and sales
Charts
References
1997 albums
Jean-Jacques Goldman albums
Albums produced by Erick Benzi |
Little Miss Hoover is a 1918 American silent romantic drama film directed by John S. Robertson and stars Marguerite Clark. The film is based on the novel The Golden Bird, by Maria Thompson Daviess. A 35mm print of the film is preserved at the Library of Congress.
Cast
Marguerite Clark as Nancy Craddock
Eugene O'Brien as Major Adam Baldwin
Alfred Hickman as Matthew Berry
Forrest Robinson as Colonel William Craddock
Hal Reid as Major J. Craddock
Frances Kaye as Polly Beasley
John Tansey as Bud
J.M. Mason as Silas Beasley
J.J. Williams as Rastus
Dorothy Walters (uncredited)
References
External links
Still at silenthollywood.com
Clip of Little Miss Hoover available for free download at Internet Archive
1918 films
1918 romantic drama films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Famous Players-Lasky films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by John S. Robertson
Paramount Pictures films
1910s American films
Silent American romantic drama films
1910s English-language films
English-language romantic drama films |
Exercise-induced collapse (EIC) is a genetic disorder that causes dogs of certain breeds to collapse after a period of intense exercise. The breeds affected are primarily sporting dogs (retrievers, spaniels).
Description
Exercise-induced collapse (EIC) is a genetic disorder, mainly found in Labrador Retrievers, Chesapeake Bay Retrievers , Curly Coated Retrievers, and Boykin Spaniels. The genetic mutation has also been seen in a few cases in Cocker spaniels, German wire-haired pointers, Old English Sheepdogs, Bouvier des Flandres, Pembroke Welsh Corgis and Clumber Spaniels. Signs are most likely to first become apparent in young dogs when they enter heavy training, which is usually between 5 months and 1 year of age. Dogs of either sex can be affected. Dogs with this condition are always normal at rest and are described as being extremely fit, prime athletic specimens of their breed.
Dogs affected with this have no problem with regular exercise. The collapse occurs only with very strenuous exercise such as retrieving or participating in trials. Added excitement coincidental with the heavy exercise is more likely to bring on the collapse. Not all dogs with the disorder have an episode each time they exercise. It appears that the condition is more likely to occur with warmer temperatures. The lives of dogs with EIC are normal if extreme exercise is avoided.
Symptoms and diagnosis
During collapse the dog’s hind legs become weak until they are no longer able to support the dog’s weight. In the most extreme cases the dog’s front legs also go weak and the dog collapses, its leg muscles loose. [3] The episode generally lasts no more than 15 minutes over which time the dog returns to normal. The dog does not appear to be in pain during the collapse.
Physiological systems (nervous system, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems) all appear normal in these dogs, as is a blood analysis both apart from and during an episode of collapse. Although tests have revealed elevated body temperature during collapse (average 107.1F (41.7C), many up to 108F (42.2C)), these temperatures are no different to those in normal dogs who have undertaken the same level of exercise.
Research
Research into the condition has been done at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan, the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Minnesota, and the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory at the School of Medicine of the University of California. The cause has been identified as a mutation is in the gene for dynamin-1 (DNM1). This gene is a protein that plays a key role in repackaging synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters. The action of DNM1 is only triggered with a high level of sustained exercise when it is needed for synaptic transmission in the brain and spinal cord.
The gene is recessive and for the dog to exhibit the exercise-induced collapse it must have two copies of the gene.[4] Nearly 40% of all Labrador retrievers that were tested for the gene between 2008 and 2017 were carriers, meaning they had one copy of the mutation. Approximately 6% had two copies of the gene and therefore had the potential to exhibit the collapse during exercise. There has been widespread testing and selective breeding in the years since the test for EIC was developed which has led to a decline in EIC in Labrador retrievers.
Testing
Through grants from the AKC CHF a patented DNA test was developed by the University of MN. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals provides a public database for those dogs that are DNA tested.
Other collapse disorders
The UMN VBS Genetics Lab is also investigating cases of "atypical collapse" and also "Border Collie Collapse" where the dog is a carrier or clear of the disease on the DNA test, but continues to exhibit signs of the EIC disease.
References
Dog diseases
Exercise physiology |
Czerwin is a village in Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Czerwin. It lies approximately south-east of Ostrołęka and north-east of Warsaw.
References
External links
Jewish Community in Czerwin on Virtual Shtetl
Czerwin
Łomża Governorate
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939) |
Gari is a Japanese electro rock band, formed in 1997 in Tokyo. The band debuted on the independent label Deadstocksandwich Records in 1999. In 2005, the band moved to Victor Entertainment. In France, Gari performed concerts at the Japan Expo anime convention in 2007 and 2009.
Discography
Albums
E・go・is・tick (2005)
Masked (2006)
Colorful Talk (2010)
Mini-albums
Flight Recorder (2000)
Neo Radio Station (2006)
Tokyo Soldier (2009)
Remix albums
Al・tru・is・tick (2005)
Singles
"Brainshooter" (2000)
External links
MySpace
Japanese rock music groups
Musical groups established in 1997
Japanese electronic music groups
Musical groups from Tokyo |
is an underground metro station located in Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan operated by the Nagoya Municipal Subway. It is an interchange station between the Tsurumai Line and the Meijō Line, and is located 8.8 rail kilometers from the terminus of the Tsurumai Line at Kami-Otai Station and 1.6 rail kilometers from the terminus of the Meijō Line at Kanayama Station.
The station is located in the south eastern corner of the Osu Shopping Arcade area (大須商店街、Ōsu Shōtengai).
History
Kamemaezu Station was opened on 30 March 1967 as a station on the Meijō Line. The Tsurumai Line connected to the station on 18 March 1977.
Lines
(Station number: T09)
(Station number: M03)
Layout
Kamimaezu Station has two pairs of underground opposed side platforms.
Platforms
References
External links
Ran no Yakata
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1967
Railway stations in Aichi Prefecture |
The XAP processor is a RISC processor architecture developed by Cambridge Consultants since 1994. XAP processors are a family of 16-bit and 32-bit cores, all of which are intended for use in an application-specific integrated circuit or ASIC chip design. XAP processors were designed for use in mixed-signal integrated circuits for sensor or wireless applications including Bluetooth, Zigbee, GPS, RFID or Near Field Communication chips. Typically, these integrated circuits are used in low-cost, high-volume products that are battery-powered and must have low energy consumption. There are other applications where XAP processors have been used to good effect, such as wireless sensor networks and medical devices, e.g. hearing aids.
The XAP soft microprocessor has been implemented in several on-chip design styles, including self-timed asynchronous circuit,
1-of-4 encoding,
fully synchronous circuit,
and FPGA.
This makes it useful for making fair comparisons between on-chip design styles.
History
XAP1
The first XAP processor was XAP1, designed in 1994 and used for a number of wireless and sensor ASIC projects at Cambridge Consultants. It was a very small, 3,000-gate, Harvard architecture, 16-bit processor with a 16-bit data bus and an 18-bit instruction bus intended for running programs stored in on-chip read-only memory or ROM. Data and instructions were each addressed by separate 16-bit address bus.
XAP2
A more powerful XAP2 was developed and used from 1999. It also had a Harvard architecture and 16-bit data, and it adopted a more conventional 16-bit instruction width suitable for program storage in Flash or other off-chip memories. Large programs were accommodated by a 24-bit address bus for instructions and there was a 16-bit address bus for data. XAP2 was a 12,000-gate processor with support for interrupts and a software tool chain including a C compiler and the XAPASM assembler for its assembly language. XAP2 was also used in Cambridge Consultants' ASIC designs, and it was also provided to other semiconductor companies as a semiconductor intellectual property core, or IP core.
XAP2 was adopted by three fabless semiconductor companies that emerged from Cambridge Consultants: CSR plc (Cambridge Silicon Radio) is the main provider of Bluetooth chips for mobile phones and headsets; Ember Corporation is a leading supplier of Zigbee chips; and Cyan Technology supplies XAP2-powered microcontrollers. As a consequence and combined with other licensees and Cambridge Consultants’ ASIC projects, there are now over one billion (1,000 million) XAP processors in use worldwide.
XAP3
XAP3 was an experimental 32-bit processor designed at Cambridge Consultants in 2003. It was optimised for low cost, low energy ASIC implementations using modern CMOS semiconductor process technologies. The instruction set was optimised for GNU GCC to achieve high code density. The XAP3 was the first of Cambridge Consultants’ processors to use a Von Neumann architecture with a logically shared address space for Program and Data. The physical program memory could be Flash or one-time programmable EPROM or SRAM. ASIC design was simplified by using a single memory where there was no need to pre-determine the split between Program (instructions) and Data at design time. The XAP3's instruction set with the GCC compiler produced very high code density. This reduced the size of the program memory, which reduced the chip unit cost and reduced the energy consumption.
XAP4
In 2005, further project requirements saw a new 16-bit processor, the XAP4, designed to supersede the XAP2 taking into account the experience gained on XAP3 and the evolving requirements of ASIC designs. XAP4 is a very small, 12,000-gate, Von Neumann bus, 16-bit processor core capable of addressing a total of 64 Kbytes of memory for programs, data and peripherals. It offers high code density combined with good performance in the region of 50 Dhrystone MIPS when clocked at 80 MHz
XAP4 was designed for use in modern ASIC or microcontroller applications capable of processing real-world data captured by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or similar sources. The processor's 16-bit integer word supports the precision of most ADCs without carrying the overhead of a 32-bit processor. XAP4 also offers a migration path from 8-bit processors, such as 8051, in applications that need increased performance and program size, but cannot justify the cost and overhead of a 32-bit processor. The XAP4 registers (all 16-bit) are; 8 General Purpose, Program Counter, Vector Pointer, FLAGS, INFO, BRKE, 2 Breakpoint. The XAP4 instructions are 16 and 32-bit. The XAP4 compile chain is based on GNU GCC and Binutils.
XAP5
Development of an extended version of this architecture commenced in 2006 and resulted in the XAP5, which was announced in July 2008. XAP5 is a 16-bit processor with a 24-bit address bus making it capable of running programs from memory up to 16 MBytes. XAP4 and XAP5 are both implemented with a two-stage instruction pipeline, which maximises their performance when clocked at low frequencies. This is tailored to the requirements of small, low-energy ASICs as it minimises processor hardware size (the XAP5 core uses 18,000-gates), and it fits designs that are clocked relatively slowly to reduce an ASIC's dynamic power consumption and run programs direct from Flash or OTP memory that has a slow access time. Typical clock speeds for XAP5 are in the range of 16 to 100 MHz on a 0.13 process. XAP5 has particular design features making it suitable for executing programs from Flash including a Vector Pointer and an Address Translation Window, which combine to allow in-place execution of programs and relocation of programs regardless of where they are stored in physical memory. The XAP4 registers (16 and 24-bit) are; 8 General Purpose, Program Counter, Vector Pointer, FLAGS, INFO, BRKE, 4 Breakpoint. The XAP5 instructions are 16, 32 and 48-bit. The XAP5 compile chain is based on GNU GCC and Binutils.
XAP6
XAP6 is a 32-bit processor and was launched in 2013. It has the same type of load-store architecture as the XAP4 and XAP5, but has 32-bit registers and 32-bit buses for Data and Address. The XAP6a implementation has a three-stage instruction pipeline. Like all the XAP processors, the XAP6 has been optimised for low-cost, low-energy and easy verification. XAP6 is tailored for small low-energy ASICs and minimises processor hardware size (the XAP6 core uses 30,000-gates). The XAP6 registers (all 32-bit) are; 8 General Purpose, Program Counter, Vector Pointer, Global Pointer, FLAGS, INFO, BRKE, 4 Breakpoint. The XAP6 instructions are 16, 32 and 48-bit. The XAP6 compile chain is based on GNU GCC and Binutils.
Features
XAP4, XAP5 and XAP6 are all designed with a load-store RISC architecture that is complemented with multi-cycle instructions for multiplication, division, block copy/store and function entry/exit for maximum efficiency. Cambridge Consultants’ engineers recognised the requirement for these processors to run real-time operating systems capable of handling pre-emptive events and with a fast interrupt response. Consequently the processors are designed with hardware and instruction set support for protected software operating modes that partition user code from privileged operating system and interrupt handler code. The XAP processor hardware manages the mode transitions and call stack in response to events and this approach ensures a fast and deterministic interrupt response. The protected operating modes enable a system on a chip to be designed that is a secure or trustworthy system and offers high availability.
The current XAP processors are designed using the Verilog hardware description language and provided as RTL code ready for logic simulation and logic synthesis with a test bench. They are supported with Cambridge Consultants’ xIDE software development tools and SIF debug technology. These processors and tools enable functional verification and software verification that reduces the project risk, accelerates time-scales and cuts cost of ownership, especially for software engineering.
References
External links
Cambridge Consultants homepage
XAP information from Cambridge Consultants
Embedded microprocessors |
Joseph Jean Étienne Stanislas Cattarinich (November 13, 1881 – December 7, 1938), was a Canadian professional Ice hockey player, and co-owner of horse racing tracks in Canada and the United States as well as a co-owner of the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League.
Biography
Joseph Cattarinich's father was a Croatian sailor. Cattarinich was originally spelt Katarinic, and other immediate surnames in the family tree included Bradicic and Nikolic. He went to sea with fellow Croats Zaninovich, Soussich and Lukinovilch. He visited Greenland and Russian islands with them and others.
Sports career
Cattarinich grew up in Quebec City and played ice hockey and lacrosse as a young man. Later, he lived in Levis near Quebec City. He is best known as the first goaltender of the professional Montreal Canadiens, then known as 'Les Canadiens', playing for the team during the inaugural 1910 National Hockey Association (NHA) season. He retired after Georges Vézina shut out Cattarinich's club in a game with Vézina's amateur Chicoutimi team (the Canadiens had been on a pre-season barnstorming tour to promote the upcoming season of the NHA. He was so impressed, that he recommended the Canadiens sign Vézina, and voluntarily stepped down from his place on the team. In those days ice hockey teams carried only one goaltender, as a rule.
Business career
With longtime business partner Leo Dandurand, Cattarinich became prominent in the Montreal tobacco wholesaling business, but it was their popularization of the Parimutuel betting system at local tracks that provided their greatest commercial success. With the re-introduction of race track betting in the United States after World War I, the pair, known popularly as "Catta-Léo", extended their activities to racetracks in Chicago, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, New Orleans, and others in St. Louis and further afield.
In 1921, along with Dandurand and Louis Letourneau, Cattarinich purchased the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League from the estate of George Kennedy for $11,000. Although Dandurand was the active partner during their tenure (Cattarinich was known as "The Silent One" and Letourneau sold his stake in 1930), the Canadiens won three Stanley Cups with players such as Howie Morenz, Aurel Joliat, and Georges Vezina. After a series of losses (amounting to $40,000 for the 1934–35 season alone), Cattarinich and Dandurand sold the club to a syndicate comprising J. Ernest Savard, Maurice Forget, and Louis Gélinas in 1935 for $165,000.
In 1932, Cattarinich, Dandurand, and Letourneau purchased Blue Bonnets Raceway. A shareholder with Robert S. Eddy, Jr. and others in Arlington Park racetrack in Chicago and Jefferson Park Racetrack in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, in 1934 their group purchased the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans from prominent horseman Edward R. Bradley. Cattarinich and Dandurand continued their betting business throughout the challenging economic environment of the Great Depression in the 1930s. Despite several attempts, they did not succeed in acquiring another NHL club.
While recovering from an eye operation, he suffered a heart attack and died on December 7, 1938 in New Orleans. Catarinich is buried in Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery in Montreal, Quebec.
He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, inducted in 1977 as a builder.
References
External links
1881 births
1938 deaths
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Canadian people of Croatian descent
French Quebecers
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Quebec City
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) players
Montreal Canadiens coaches
Montreal Canadiens executives
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League owners
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Sportspeople from Lévis, Quebec
Stanley Cup champions |
The 2021–22 Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball team represented Oklahoma State University during the 2021–22 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by fifth-year head coach Mike Boynton, and played their home games at Gallagher-Iba Arena in Stillwater, Oklahoma as a member of the Big 12 Conference.
On November 3, 2021, the NCAA ruled Oklahoma State ineligible for postseason play for the season due to player receiving improper benefits.
Previous season
In a season limited due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Cowboys finished the 2020–21 season 21–9, 11–7 in Big 12 play to finish in fifth place. They defeated West Virginia and Baylor in the Big 12 tournament before losing to Texas in the championship game. They received an at-large bid in the NCAA tournament as the No. 4 seed in the Midwest Region where they defeated Liberty in the first round before losing to Oregon State in the second round.
Offseason
Departures
Incoming transfers
Recruiting classes
2021 recruiting class
There were no incoming recruiting class of 2021.
2022 recruiting class
Roster
Schedule and results
The Big 12 allows all 10 teams to participate in the Big 12 Tournament to determine the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament with every team being guaranteed at least one game. However, due to the Cowboys being ineligible for NCAA Tournament, they did not participate in the Big 12 Tournament.
|-
!colspan=12 style=| Exhibition
|-
!colspan=12 style=|Regular Season
References
Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball seasons
Oklahoma State Cowboys
Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball
Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball |
Kalateh-ye Mohammad Reza Khan (, also Romanized as Kalāteh-ye Moḩammad Reẕā Khān; also known as Moḩammad Reẕā Khān) is a village in Faruj Rural District, in the Central District of Faruj County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 349, in 80 families.
References
Populated places in Faruj County |
Admiral was a career naval officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
Biography
Takasu was a native of Sakuragawa Village, (currently part of Inashiki, Ibaraki), and graduated from the 35th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, where his classmates included future admirals Nobutake Kondō and Naokuni Nomura. He served his midshipman duty on the cruisers and , and as sublieutenant on the battleship , cruiser , and battlecruiser .
Takasu was commissioned as a lieutenant in December 1913, serving on the battleship , followed by the cruiser . He attended the 17th class of the Naval Staff College and was promoted to lieutenant commander upon graduation in December 1919. On June 23, he was assigned as a military attaché to the United Kingdom and was promoted to commander in December of the same year. During his time in the UK, Takasu was instrumental in intelligence activities to obtain British naval aviation technology for the Japanese navy to use. This work included recruiting both the Sempill Mission and Frederick Rutland to come to Japan.
After his return to Japan in 1924, he served as executive officer on the cruiser . A year later, he was assigned as an instructor at the Naval War College and promoted to captain in December 1928, after which he received his first command, the cruiser in 1929.
Takasu returned to England again in December 1930 to serve as military advisor on the ambassador’s staff, where he recruited Frederick Rutland to work for the Japanese Navy for a second time. He served on the court marshal of the perpetrators of the May 15 Incident in 1932. He was promoted to rear admiral on November 15, 1934 and reassigned to head the 3rd Bureau of the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, which was in charge of military intelligence. An outspoken opponent to the Tripartite Alliance between Japan, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, he was a member of the naval faction led by Isoroku Yamamoto and Mitsumasa Yonai opposed to war with the western powers. From 1936-1937, he commanded the First Carrier Division, which was active in combat in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and was a naval advisor to the fledgling state of Manchukuo in 1937. Promoted to vice admiral on November 15, 1938, he then became commandant of the Naval War College. He was assigned as commander of the IJN 5th Fleet on September 29, 1939.
On April 29, 1940, Takasu was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, 1st class.
On November 15, 1940, Takasu was assigned to command the IJN 4th Fleet, and from August 11, 1941, the IJN 1st Fleet. As the military position of Japan became precarious in the Solomon Islands and other areas of the Southwest Pacific, Takasu was assigned to command the Southwest Area Fleet from September 15, 1942. The IJN 13th Air Fleet also came under his command from September 20, 1943. Promoted to full admiral on March 1, 1944, he was recalled to Japan on June 18, to assume the position of military councilor. However, he died of sickness only two months later and his grave is at the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo.
Notes
References
Evans, David C. and Mark R. Peattie. (1997). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ;
Drabkin, Ron, and Bradley W. Hart. “Agent Shinkawa Revisited: The Japanese Navy’s Establishment of the Rutland Intelligence Network in Southern California.” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 35, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1871252.
External links
1884 births
1944 deaths
Military personnel from Ibaraki Prefecture
Military personnel of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Japanese admirals of World War II |
TikTok, Boom. is a 2022 documentary film about the social media app TikTok.
Production
The film is presented by Olive Hill Media, directed by Shalini Kantayya and produced by Campfire Studios. Campfire's Ross M. Dinerstein and Danni Mynard served as producers on the film alongside Executive Producers Rebecca Evans, Ross Girard, Michael Cho, Mimi Rode, and Tim Lee.
Release
TikTok, Boom. premiered in competition at the 2022 Sundance Film Festival and was released on the PBS program Independent Lens on October 24, 2022. The film also became available that year in the US to stream on Prime Video.
Reception
Writing for Variety, film critic Owen Gleiberman applauded the film for its informative deep-dive into TikTok, citing its evaluation of censorship and ethics concerns as highlights. Conversely, he took issue with what he described as the film's "eagerness to accept and endorse the way TikTok operates", especially concerning its complicated algorithm.
The film was nominated for a News and Documentary Emmy for Outstanding Business and Economic Documentary on July 27, 2023.
References
External links
TikTok, Boom.
2022 films
2022 documentary films
Films about social media |
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