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Rose Katherine Morton-Sayre (December 3, 1925 – November 12, 1999) was an American mathematician known for her work in fluid mechanics. The Morton number, a dimensionless parameter used to describe bubbles, is named after her. Morton was born in Albemarle, North Carolina. She graduated from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (at that time a women's college) with a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1948; at the university, she was president of the Square Circle Club. She worked at the David Taylor Model Basin, a test facility for the U. S. Navy, from 1949 to 1960. Her husband was mechanical engineer Clifford L. Sayre, Jr., who also worked at the David Taylor Model Basin from 1956 to 1960. Selected publications References 1925 births 1999 deaths 20th-century American mathematicians American women mathematicians Fluid dynamicists University of North Carolina at Greensboro alumni 20th-century women mathematicians 20th-century American women
The Port and Airport Development Strategy (PADS) () is an infrastructure project in Hong Kong. It is better known as the Rose Garden Project (). Background In the early 1980s, the Hong Kong Government already foresaw the incapability of the existing airport and container port to keep up with the growth of Hong Kong. The blueprints for the new airport and container port had already been drawn. However, the government decided to postpone the plan owing to the uncertainty of Hong Kong's future. After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, the government reproposed the plan in order to restore confidence among Hong Kong's populace. It presented a rosy picture for the future to the Hong Kong people in order to halt the wave of emigration. Infrastructure Airport Core Programme (ACP) in North Lantau New container ports in Kwai Chung, Stonecutters Island, Tsing Yi Island and East Lantau (plans for the East Lantau port were later abandoned) Railways Highways Politics The government of People's Republic of China (PRC) cast a great concern in the project for fear that the British would withdraw the monetary reserve of Hong Kong to Britain before the reunification with China 1997. There was a lengthy series of conferences on the matter. Some Chinese officials also urged a downscaling of the project such as building one runway at the airport instead of two. Transport in Hong Kong Urban planning in Hong Kong
Ever Changing Times is the fifth studio album by Steve Lukather. It was his first album since leaving Toto. In March 2008, a site was launched in order to promote the album. According to Lukather, the album shows a lot of his influences and music he likes. Track listing "Ever Changing Times" (Steve Lukather, Randy Goodrum) - 5:29 "The Letting Go" (Steve Lukather, Randy Goodrum) - 5:52 "New World" (Steve Lukather, Trevor Lukather, Randy Goodrum) - 4:32 "Tell Me What You Want from Me" (Steve Lukather, Trevor Lukather, Phil Soussan) - 5:13 "I Am" (Steve Lukather, Randy Goodrum) - 3:15 "Jammin' with Jesus" (John Sloman administered by Steve Lukather) - 5:55 "Stab in the Back" (Steve Lukather, Randy Goodrum) - 5:59 "Never Ending Nights" (Steve Lukather, Randy Goodrum) - 5:35 "Ice Bound" (Steve Lukather, Randy Goodrum) - 4:19 "How Many Zeros" (Steve Lukather, Jeff Babko, Stan Lynch) - 4:33 "The Truth" (Steve Lukather featuring Steve Porcaro) - 3:50 Bonus DVD (Japan only): Everchanging Times (Music Video) Everchanging Times (Document) Personnel Steve Lukather – vocals (1-10), guitars (1-10), guitar solo (11) Jeff Babko – keyboards (1-6, 8–10), synthesizers (2, 4-7), Rhodes piano (7) Randy Goodrum – synthesizers (1, 2, 5, 10), backing vocals (5) Jyro Xhan – synthesizers (1), atmospheric sounds (1) Steve MacMillan – additional synthesizers (1, 3, 5, 9) Greg Mathieson – Hammond organ (6, 7) Steve Weingart – synthesizer fills (7), synth solo (9) Olle Romo – synthesizers (8) Steve Porcaro – keyboards (11), orchestration (11), arrangements (11) Trevor Lukather – guitars (3), backing vocals (3, 6), guitar riffs (4) John Pierce – bass (1) Leland Sklar – bass (2, 3, 5-10) Phil Soussan – bass (4), backing vocals (4) Abe Laboriel Jr. – drums (1-10) Lenny Castro – percussion (2, 6-10) Joseph Williams – backing vocals (1, 3, 6, 8, 9) Bernard Fowler – backing vocals (3, 6) Bill Champlin – backing vocals (6, 10) Sharolette Gibson – backing vocals (6) Tina Lukather – backing vocals (7), ooh's and laughter (7) Production Randy Goodrum – executive producer Steve Lukather – producer Steve MacMillan – producer, recording, mixing John Silas Cranfield – assistant engineer Ken Eisennagel – assistant engineer Stephen Marcussen – mastering Naoki Nomura – A&R Micky Suzuki – A&R Rhoda Neal – album coordinator Amy McGuire Lynch – album coordinator Ricky Rodriguez – creative direction Satoshi Hasegawa – CD artwork Maryanne Bilham-Knight – photography Robert Knight – photography Sonny Abelardo – management Mixed at MacMan Digital Mastered at Marcussen Mastering (Hollywood, California). References External links Album information Promotion site for Ever Changing Times http://www.stevelukather.com/news-articles/2008/06/reggie-boyle-ect-tour-rehearsal-and-band-introduction.aspx 2008 albums Steve Lukather albums Frontiers Records albums
Takun (, also Romanized as Tākūn) is a village in Ahram Rural District, in the Central District of Tangestan County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 13, in 4 families. References Populated places in Tangestan County
Gongqingcheng railway station is a railway station located in Gongqingcheng, Jiujiang, in Jiangxi province, eastern China. It serves the Beijing–Kowloon railway and Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railway. The station is accessed by Jiuxian Avenue and close to the G70 Highway. Railway stations in Jiangxi Jiujiang Stations on the Beijing–Kowloon Railway
Throughout the ages, there have been various popular religious traditions practiced on the Korean peninsula. The oldest indigenous religion of Korea is the Korean folk religion (a version of Shamanism), which has been passed down from prehistory to the present. Buddhism was introduced to Korea from China during the Three Kingdoms era in the fourth century, and the religion pervaded the culture until the Joseon Dynasty when Confucianism was established as the state philosophy. During the Late Joseon Dynasty, in the 19th century, Christianity began to gain a foothold in Korea. While both Christianity and Buddhism would play important roles in the resistance to the Japanese occupation of Korea in the first half of the 20th century, only about 4% of Koreans were members of a religious organization in 1940. Since the division of Korea into two sovereign states in 1945—North Korea and South Korea—religious life in the two countries have diverged, shaped by different political structures. Religion in South Korea has been characterized by a rise of Christianity and a revival of Buddhism, though the majority of South Koreans have no religious affiliation or follow folk religions. Religion in North Korea is characterized by state atheism in which freedom of religion is nonexistent. Juche ideology, which promotes the North Korean cult of personality, is regarded by experts as a kind of national religion. Demographics in South Korea History Ancient times Before the formation of ancient tribal states, natural objects and deities were worshipped by indigenous peoples like any other. Trees (樹木) become sallow trees (沙羅樹) for giving birth to children. Bears and tigers turn into human beings, passing on the wisdom of Han Yu and protecting against disasters. Garlic, artemisia argyi, calamus, etc. are auspicious herbs or cinnabar that have the main force to revive life or exorcise evil spirits. On the other hand, there were animisms such as invisible mountain spirits and water spirits. In addition, the sun, moon, and stars (日月星辰) of Han Wei were also deified. In other words, there was a worship of nature and a worship of animism. In the former, objects and heavenly bodies of the earth and Hanul are objects of faith, but the foundation of that belief is the concept of reproduction. Hwanung as the Heavenly King had to marry the bear tribe of the earth, from which Dangun was born, and again from Dangun, Buru (부루; 夫婁) came out, and Buru had a totem of a golden frog. When the price changes, the totem also changes. Also, the Silla family society is a totemic society, where the leader becomes a Cheonwangrang born of the Elyos, and the birth is heterogeneous. That is, they are born in sunlight or are born from eggs. Its birth is believed to be the rebirth of an ordinance (祖靈) or a deity. And since Cheonwangrang is combined with a woman of the indigenous people, the indigenous people believe in the Elyos, and the place where the gods live is the 'Gamteo (감터; 神士)'. In ancient times, rituals such as Yeonggo (영고; 迎鼓), Dongmaeng (동맹; 東盟), and Mucheon (무천; 舞天) were held in Shinto by the gods dedicated to Hanul. Now, Cheon Wang-rang became a priest. So, rituals were shrines, and shrines were political affairs. It was the theocracy that was bestowed in the totem society. Three Kingdoms of Korea period During the Three Kingdoms of Korea, foreign religions were introduced and propagated by the public officials of the rulers, who were built on the foundation of traditional Korean beliefs. Each of the three Kingdoms adopted foreign religions. As a result, Korean traditional beliefs and foreign religions coexisted. In Goguryeo, the indigenous people wanted to build a mausoleum to pray for the well-being of their ancestors, venerate the three Buddhas, and live in the Pure Land, and the Tathagata to come to the land. In addition to the traditional beliefs of Joryong in Baekje, Buddhism's belief in the three lords and Bhaisajyaguru (약사여래; 藥師如來; yaksa George) were added. In the past, this practiced the 12 great circles to cure the diseases of sentient beings in this world, extend their lifespan, annihilate wealth, satisfy clothing and food, and cultivate the Buddha's conduct, the burial of the Immaculate Conception of Bodhi. It is the Buddha who makes us attain (妙果). To this belief, the belief that a thousand Buddhas will appear in each of the three eons of the past, present, and future, and the Amitabha belief were added. This Buddha chooses a great country from many countries, prays for establishing an ideal country, and sets up 48 circles so that he and others can become successful Buddhas. In Silla, the miracle of Buddhism triggered by the martyrdom of Ichadon (이차돈) was recognized by the king. Together with this miracle (奇蹟) belief, the belief of Maitreya's next life and the belief of Chakravarti (전륜성왕; 轉輪聖王; jeollyunseongwang) laid the foundation for Silla society. The belief in Maitreya's next life is that after the death of the Buddha, he ruled Maitreya Bodhisattva at the age of 5.67 billion. Its ruler is the ideal prince, the Chakravarti. According to the Four Yunbos (輪寶) of Gold, Silver, and Copper (金銀銅鐵), this king was called Geumryun (金輪王), Dongryun (銅輪王), or Eunryun (銀輪王). According to this Buddhist belief, the land of Silla is the land of the descendants of Maitreya, and Hwarang (花郞) and Mishirang (未尸郞) are the incarnations of Maitreya who descended from Dosolcheon. He is the incarnation of Maitreya who is transforming, and Nando (郎徒) was soon worshiped as the Longhua Xiangtu (龍華香徒). In addition, Darani (陀羅尼) of the Esoteric religion and Avalokitesvara was widely distributed to the public and became common knowledge. Along with this folkloric Buddhist belief, Buddhism has been studied deeply academically and was even spread to Japan. However, Confucianism, which was introduced, did not lead the common people of the three countries to faith. Goryeo period In the Goryeo Dynasty, religious beliefs were particularly inclined to theft, and as a folk religion, they fell into the god of Seonghwang. With the former belief, he tried to postpone the state, and with the latter, he tried to solve civil affairs. Seonghwangdang became a place for Giza (祈子), chook (招福), and ancestral rites (除厄). However, the Goryeo Dynasty's national poetry was a Confucian political ideology of, Article 6 of the national convention of the arithmetic. In order to enjoy the peace and harmony of the military and gods through the ceremony, policies, and institutions were institutionalized. If you look at the religious system, seunggwa was established along with the Confucian past (科擧), and Gyojongseon (敎宗選) and Seonjongseon (禪宗選) were installed in the seunggwa. put Those who passed the monk's course were granted the qualifications of monks and established the law system. The Confucian Order had the ranks from Daeseon to Seongtong, and the Seonjong had the legal system from Daeseon to Daeseonsa. Seungtong and Daeseonsa were qualified to be kings or nationals, and they were regarded as advisors of the king and of the state. On the other hand, regarding Confucianism in the early Goryeo Dynasty, Seongjong of Goryeo (成宗), namely Gukjahak, Taehak, Samunhak, Yulhak, Seohak, and Industrial Studies. In addition, Jeongjong (靖宗) installed a seungnok in the center in order to have national jurisdiction over Buddhist groups. Seung-gwan (僧官) was placed in the palace, such as the Principal Administrative Office, Buseungnok (副僧錄), Seungjeong (僧正), and Seungjap (僧雜). This was established by King Jinheung (Korean: 진흥왕; Hanja: 眞興王) of Silla, and it can be said that it is a succession of the arrangement of the monks at Hwangnyongsa (皇龍寺). In the heyday of the Goryeo Dynasty, Buddhism was integrated into five religions and two sects. This is because the 9 Mountains were integrated into the Jogye Order because of the Seon sect. Apart from these denominations, there was an organization of dojang (道場) and hyangdo (香徒), and events such as Gyeonghaeng, Sagyeong, Lotus Lantern, and Eight Crowns were held. However, unlike the policy of unifying Buddhism, the Cheontae sect split at the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, and it was further subdivided into about 10 sects including the Chongji sect. In addition, in the case of the race (仁宗), six schools were placed in the center, and the school system was implemented in each province, while the qualifications for admission were restricted. During the reign of King Munjong (治世), there were 9 academies (九齋) and Hagwa (夏課). Also, due to the transmission of the school by the teacher, Gyeonghak was also very popular. Successive kings of the Goryeo dynasty exercised their supervisory powers or suppressed them not only over Buddhism and Confucianism but also over shamanism (巫俗). After entering the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮), the government was divided into Domu (都巫) and Jongmu (從巫). In addition, in the east and west of the province, Twain-SEO (活人署) were placed to accommodate the sick and the poor (貧者), and Mugyeok (巫覡) had them healed or took care of the poor. This has been the case since the Goguryeo period for the state to have Mugyeok work in state institutions. Joseon Dynasty The Joseon dynasty ran an observatory-forecasting service called Gwangsanggam (관상감; 觀象監), in which two members professionalized in myeonggwahak(명과학; 命課學) were to take charge of fortune-telling. The Joseon Dynasty initially adopted Buddhism as a religion and Confucianism as a politics, but gradually moved to a policy of sungyueokbul (숭유억불), where Buddhism was suppressed in state affairs and replaced by Confucian principles. Buddhism was controlled by the Docheopje (도첩제; 度牒制). In the first half of the Joseon dynasty, Buddhist monk Hyujeong (휴정; 休靜) argued that the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism were in agreement with each other on fundamental levels, similar to the Three teachings. Also, there were Confucian scholars like Maewoldang (매월당 김시습; 每月堂) who attempted to explain Buddhist concepts through Confucian principles. Taoism, which has been handed down since the Goguryeo period, had Daecheong-gwan in Kaesong, and after the relocation of Hanseong, Sogyeok-jeon was established and Doryu was placed as a season, taking charge of Samcheong and Seong-jin. In addition, the worship of the Crown Prince (關王) was transmitted to the people. As fortune-telling, secret divination, and Gam-rok spread to the civilian population, ideas such as hermitage, the last days, the rebellious revolution, and fate permeated the people deeply. Catholicism As the Joseon dynasty entered into the modern era whilst keeping the state in relative isolation, it soon faced the problem of the transmission of religions from the West. Catholicism (천주교) or sometimes called seogyo (서교; 西敎) was introduced in the late 18th century as a part of Western thoughts and studies (서학; 西學; soak), but it was banned for the following reasons. By washing away one's sins with salt and water, one receives the favor of God. Jesus came down as God, died, and ascended again to become God, and is said to be the godparent of all things and people's lives. Catholics ignore filial deeds by referring to parents as physical parents, calling the spirits of ancestors the devil, and rejecting ancestral rites as demonic events. It is an unchangeable principle that if there is yin and yang, there must be a couple. They call it virtuous that a man and a woman do not marry or marry, and that is falsehood, and those who are younger than him mix men and women, disturbing public morals. According to the former, the human race will perish; according to the latter, humanity will be clouded. From having no father and no king to even married couples, what else can I say? When various names such as Holy Mother, Bride, Young Se (領洗), and Confirmation (堅振) appear, the more they appear, the more it is like a goblin. As such, Catholicism was secretly spread by missionaries infiltrating the country despite the prohibition, and it led to multiple persecutions by the court during the 19th century. This persecution was not only caused by the religious policy of the court, but also by actions that went against the Confucian ideology and policies of Joseon. For example, the Hwang Sa-Yeong White Book incident, which was caused by Catholics to seek freedom of religious belief, lead to the worsening of Sinyu Persecution (신유박해) in 1801. Donghak Due to internal and external circumstances, the court took a liberal attitude toward Western religions, in 1896. This made it easy for several denominations of Protestant to enter, not just Catholicism. Donghak was born as a national religion amidst the adversity of Western religions. The purpose of Donghak was to exclude seohak. Within two years of Donghak's occurrence, it developed to the point of establishing a system of affiliations and missionaries (접주) in various places and strengthening the organization of the denomination. Eventually, it became Cheondogyo, and by Lee Don-Hwa (이돈화; 李敦化), it was ideologically developed even to the philosophy of a new man. Japanese colonial period During the Japanese colonial period, the Governor-General's Office of Korea applied the Monastery Ordinance (사찰령) and the Honmuk Monastery Act (본말사법) to Buddhism. The Joseon Governor-General's Decree was applied to Yurim, the Foundation Act was applied to Christianity according to the Governor-General's policies, and religious organizations inherent in the Korean people were appointed as similar religious organizations in addition to religion. The Governor-General's Office recognizes Shintoism, Buddhism and Christianity as religions. Chengkyunkwan of Confucianism is regarded as a school of economics, and social education law is applied, and it is regarded as a social education institution. The Confucian temple becomes a club officer currency, and the school (향교) is regarded as a local public body or local educational institution. According to these rules, all religious groups cringe and go down the path of decline, except Christianity. In addition, the government forced all citizens to visit the shrine, but several Protestants refused to do so. The issue of visiting the shrine was triggered by the family members of a Korean church pastor in Ogaki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, before it was forced to visit Korea, shocking the society at that time. At that time, the visit to the shrine was accompanied by a stampede of the Emperor and Jesus. Modern Democratic People's Republic of Korea At the time of liberation, there were about 1.5 million religious people in North Korea, 375,000 Buddhists, 200,000 Protestants, and 57,000 Catholics. There were more than 2 million religious people (22.2 percent of the population at that time). However, due to the regime's policy of stifling religion, North Korea's religious population has been greatly reduced, In a report submitted to the U.N. Human Rights Council in 2001, the North Korean regime recorded a total of 37,800 religious people, including 15,000 Chondoists, 10,000 Buddhists, 12,000 Protestants, and 800 Catholics. The number of facilities for each religion is 800, 60 temples, two churches, and one church. However, North Korean defectors agree that religious activities are impossible in North Korea except for the crackdown on religious activities, and that they will be punished for religious activities. The international community pointed out that many religious people are subjected to human rights repression in political prison camps in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Korean shamanism (Korean folk religion) Shamanism or Folk Religion (Korean: 무속신앙, 무속, or 민간신앙; Hanja: 巫敎, 巫俗, or 民間信仰; musoksinang, music, or mingansinang) is the oldest religious tradition in Korea, dating back as far as Old Joseon. Given its ancient origins, while Shamanism is still practiced, it considered rather heretical and superstitious today. Shamans are typically women who are called mudang (Korean: 무당; Hanja: 巫―). There are many myths and legends surrounding Korean Shamanism, but today, Koreans mostly go to shamans to get advice, interpret the importance of dates and omens, determine compatibility in a couple, or get a Fulu (Korean: 부적; Hanja: 符籍), or talisman, to ward away evil spirits. That said, Shamans may perform gut (a ritualistic dance and song as a prayer to gods or ancestors, or a purification ritual. Korean Buddhism Buddhism was introduced from China during the Three Kingdoms period of Korea and had an important influence on the culture of the Silla and Goryeo dynasties and became the main religion of these two dynasties. Buddhism has far-reaching influence in the Yeongnam region of Korea, Gangwon-do, and Jeju Island. The Jogye Sect is the main sect of Korean Buddhism, and most Korean Buddhist temples belong to the Jogye Sect, including the famous Buddhist temples of Bulguksa, Haeinsa, and Hwaeomsa. Other traditional Buddhist schools in Korea include the Taego Sect and the Cheontae Sect. Won Buddhism Won Buddhism (원불교) is a modern sect of Korean Buddhism. Won Buddhism simplifies Buddhist scriptures and ceremonies. They insist that anyone, regardless of the wise or the ignorant, rich or poor, noble or low, can understand Buddhism. Korean Christianity Christianity in South Korea is mainly Protestant and Catholic; in the 2015 census, there were 9.7 million Protestants and 3.9 million Catholics. In addition to Western churches, South Korea also has members of the Orthodox Church and members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who were imported from Russia in the 19th century. Roman Catholic missionaries arrived in Korea only in 1794, a decade after a Korean diplomat Yi Seung-hun (이승훈) returned to Korea. Protestant missionaries arrived in the Joseon Dynasty in 1880, and they and Catholic missionaries converted a large number of Koreans to Christianity. The Methodist Church and the Presbyterian Church established schools, hospitals, and orphanages in Korea and played an important role in the modernization of Korea. During the Japanese occupation period, Korean Christians played an important role in the struggle for independence. Factors contributing to the rapid growth of Protestants include the corrupt state of Korean Buddhism, support from intellectual elites, Korean church members' encouragement of self-reliance and self-government, and the promotion of Korean nationalism. Before the separation of the two Koreas, a large number of Christians lived in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, and the influence of Confucianism was not as strong as that in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Before 1948 Pyongyang was an important center of the Christian faith. After the establishment of a communist regime in the north of the Korean peninsula, it is estimated that more than one million South Korean Christians fled to the south of the peninsula to escape the persecution of Christianity in North Korea. Christianity saw a huge increase in the number of people professing it in the 1970s and 1980s. Growth continued in the 1990s, but at a slow pace, with numbers declining since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Christianity is an important religion in regions including Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, and Honam. There are four main denominations of Christianity in Korea: Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, and Catholic. Yeouido Full Gospel Church is the largest Pentecostal church in Korea. Korean Catholics can still keep the traditional ritual of worshipping ancestors, just like Catholics in the Chinese world; on the contrary, Protestants have completely abandoned the ritual of worshipping ancestors. Islam There are about 40,000 followers of Islam in South Korea, most of the Muslims in South Korea are foreign migrant workers from South Asia, West Asia, Indonesia, and Malaysia to work in South Korea, and there are less than 30,000 local Korean Muslims. The largest mosque in South Korea is the Seoul Central Mosque, and there are also smaller mosques in other cities. Judaism Jews came to South Korea with the US military stationed in South Korea during the Korean War in 1950, and many Jewish American soldiers came to the Korean peninsula. The Jewish community in South Korea is very small, only in the Seoul area. Very few Koreans believe in Judaism (유태교). Hinduism South Korea's Hindu believers are mainly Indian and Nepalese expatriates living in South Korea. However, Hindu traditions, such as yoga and Vedanta, sparked Koreans' interest in Indian culture. There are two Hindu temples in the Seoul area. Korean Confucianism Among historians, it can be argued that Confucianism has been around on the Korean Peninsula since ancient times. However, not an exact time frame can be pinpointed but it is estimated that Confucianism came to the peninsula prior to the Three Kingdoms period. Even in the third and fourth centuries historians gather that Confucian precepts were used by court nobles and others which means that Confucian thought influenced the intellectuals on the peninsula. Confucian thought began to dominate its influence in the government starting in the fourteenth century and moving into the sixteenth century it became the dominant thought and philosophy on the Korean Peninsula. The rise of Confucianism in Korea led to the rapid decline of Buddhism. During the fifteenth century, King Taejong enacted an anti-Buddhist policy which included reducing the number of monasteries and temples. When Confucianism began to be the dominant philosophy in the sixteenth century, Buddhism became the religion of the uneducated and rural people. The golden age of Confucianism in Korea was during the Joseon Dynasty. In modern Korea, Confucian temples and educational institutions still exist and exhibit modern practices however, after World War II Confucianism disappeared from the school curriculum. There was a revival of Confucianism in the late 1990s and some practices can still be seen being exhibited today such as funeral rites (which are a mixture of both Christian and Confucianism) and the concept of filial piety. Koreans don't like to admit they believe in Confucianism but you can still see some presence of Confucian influence throughout Korean society. Some of these observations include the veneration of elders, a strong commitment to education, and the rituals and rites dedicated to the dead. References Sources
White Sunday is the debut solo album of New Zealand hip-hop artist, Mareko released in 2003. A limited edition of the album was released in 2006. The name is a reference to a Samoan holiday that happens on the second Sunday in October. The album peaked at #4 on the New Zealand album charts. Song information In March 2006, a double CD package was released which not only included the White Sunday album but also included a second disc that had all instrumentals from White Sunday as well as two bonus tracks produced by Mareko. Track listings 2003 edition "Espionage" "Oh Sh" featuring Psycho Les of the Beatnuts "Street Rap" featuring Inspectah Deck "Mareko (Here to Stay)" "Why Is That?" "White Sunday Sermon" "Legacy" "City Line" "Big Dummy" featuring Celph Titled "Don't Need Protection" featuring Scram Jones and Roc Raida of the X-Ecutioners "Suburban Legend" "Let Y'all Know" featuring J-Ro and E-Swift of tha liks "This Is Me" "My Lady" "Major Flavour" featuring Sadat X and DJ Sir-Vere "Stop, Drop and Roll" featuring the Deceptikonz 2006 limited edition Disc one "Espionage" "Oh Sh" featuring Psycho Les "Street Rap" featuring Inspectah Deck "Mareko (Here to Stay)" "Why Is That?" "White Sunday Sermon" "Legacy" "City Line" "Big Dummy" featuring Celph Titled "Don't Need Protection" featuring Scram Jones and Roc Raida "Suburban Legend" "Let Y'all Know" featuring J-Ro and E-Swift "This Is Me" "My Lady" "Major Flavour" featuring Sadat X and DJ Sir-Vere "Stop, Drop and Roll" featuring the Deceptikonz Disc two "Espionage (Instrumental)" "Oh Sh** (Instrumental)" "Street Rap (Instrumental)" "Mareko (Here to Stay) (Instrumental)" "Why Is That? (Instrumental)" "White Sunday Sermon (Instrumental)" "Legacy (Instrumental)" "City Line (Instrumental)" "Big Dummy (Instrumental)" "Don't Need Protection (Instrumental)" "Suburban Legend (Instrumental)" "Let Y'all Know (Instrumental)" "This Is Me (Instrumental)" "My Lady (Instrumental)" "Major Flavour (Instrumental)" "Stop, Drop and Roll (Instrumental)" Bonus tracks "CRUNCH!" featuring Deceptikonz "99 Bottles" References 2003 debut albums Mareko albums Albums produced by Scram Jones Dawn Raid Entertainment albums
Samuel Coxe (1550–1612), of London; later of Fulbrook, Oxfordshire, was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Rochester in 1572 and for Richmond, Yorkshire in 1586. References 1550 births 1612 deaths English MPs 1572–1583 People from West Oxfordshire District English MPs 1586–1587 People from Rochester, Kent People from Richmond, North Yorkshire
Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology (), sometimes published with the subtitle A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology, is a 1943 book by the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. In the book, Sartre develops a philosophical account in support of his existentialism, dealing with topics such as consciousness, perception, social philosophy, self-deception, the existence of "nothingness", psychoanalysis, and the question of free will. While a prisoner of war in 1940 and 1941, Sartre read Martin Heidegger's Being and Time (1927), which uses the method of Husserlian phenomenology as a lens for examining ontology. Sartre attributed the course of his own philosophical inquiries to his exposure to this work. Though influenced by Heidegger, Sartre was profoundly skeptical of any measure by which humanity could achieve a kind of personal state of fulfillment comparable to the hypothetical Heideggerian "re-encounter with Being". In Sartre's account, man is a creature haunted by a vision of "completion" (what Sartre calls the ens causa sui, meaning literally "a being that causes itself"), which many religions and philosophers identify as God. Born into the material reality of one's body, in a material universe, one finds oneself inserted into being. In accordance with Husserl's notion that consciousness can only exist as consciousness of something, Sartre develops the idea that there can be no form of self that is "hidden" inside consciousness. On these grounds, Sartre goes on to offer a philosophical critique of Sigmund Freud's theories, based on the claim that consciousness is essentially self-conscious. Being and Nothingness is regarded as both the most important non-fiction expression of Sartre's existentialism and his most influential philosophical work, original despite its debt to Heidegger. Many have praised the book's central notion that "existence precedes essence", its introduction of the concept of bad faith, and its exploration of "nothingness", as well as its novel contributions to the philosophy of sex. However, the book has been criticized for its abstruseness and for its treatment of Freud. Background Descartes Sartre's existentialism shares its philosophical starting point with René Descartes: The first thing we can be aware of is our existence, even when doubting everything else (Cogito ergo sum). In Nausea, the main character's feeling of dizziness towards his own existence is induced by things, not thinking. This dizziness occurs "in the face of one's freedom and responsibility for giving a meaning to reality". As an important break with Descartes, Sartre rejects the primacy of knowledge (a rejection summed up in the phrase "Existence precedes essence") and offers a different conception of knowledge and consciousness. Husserl Important ideas in Being and Nothingness build on Edmund Husserl's phenomenology. To both philosophers, consciousness is intentional, meaning that there is only consciousness of something. For Sartre, intentionality implies that there is no form of self that is hidden inside consciousness (such as Husserl's transcendental ego). An ego must be a structure outside consciousness, so that there can be consciousness of the ego. Summary In the introduction, Sartre sketches his own theory of consciousness, being, and phenomena through criticism of both earlier phenomenologists (most notably Husserl and Heidegger) as well as idealists, rationalists, and empiricists. According to him, one of the major achievements of modern philosophy is phenomenology because it disproved the kinds of dualism that set the existent up as having a "hidden" nature (such as Immanuel Kant's noumenon); Phenomenology has removed "the illusion of worlds behind the scene". Based on an examination of the nature of phenomena, he describes the nature of two types of being, being-in-itself (the being of things) and being-for-itself. While being-in-itself is something that can only be approximated by human being, being-for-itself is the being of consciousness. Part 1, Chapter 1: The origin of negation From Sartre's phenomenological point of view, nothingness is an experienced reality and cannot be a merely subjective mistake. The absence of a friend and absence of money hint at a being of nothingness. It is part of reality. In the first chapter, Sartre develops a theory of nothingness which is central to the whole book, especially to his account for bad faith and freedom. For him, nothingness is not just a mental concept that sums up negative judgements such as "Pierre is not here" and "I have no money". Though "it is evident that non-being always appears within the limits of a human expectation", the concrete nothingness differs from mere abstract inexistence, such as the square circle. A concrete nothingness, e.g. not being able to see, is part of a totality: the life of the blind man in this world. This totality is modified by the nothingness which is part of it. In the totality of consciousness and phenomenon (Heidegger's being-in-the-world), both can be considered separately, but exist only as a whole (intentionality of consciousness). The human attitude of inquiry, of asking questions, puts consciousness at distance from the world. Every question brings up the possibility of a negative answer, of non-being, e.g. "Who is entering? No one." For Sartre, this is how nothingness can exist at all. Non-being can neither be part of the being-in-itself nor can it be as a complement of it. Being-for-itself is the origin of negation. The relation between being-for-itself and being-in-itself is one of questioning the latter. By bringing nothingness into the world, consciousness does not annihilate the being of things, but changes its relation to it. Part 1, Chapter 2: Bad faith As bad faith, Sartre describes one's self-deception about the human reality. It can take two forms, the first one is making oneself falsely believe not to be what one actually is. The second one is conceiving oneself as an object (e.g. being identical to a job) and thereby denying freedom. This essentially means that in being a waiter, grocer, etc., one must believe that their social role is equivalent to their human existence. Living a life defined by one's occupation, social, racial, or economic class, is the very essence of "bad faith", the condition in which people cannot transcend their situations in order to realize what they must be (human) and what they are not (waiter, grocer, etc.). It is also essential for an existent to understand that negation allows the self to enter what Sartre calls the "great human stream". The great human stream arises from a singular realization that nothingness is a state of mind in which we can become anything, in reference to our situation, that we desire. The difference between existence and identity projection remains at the heart of human subjects who are swept up by their own condition, their "bad faith". An example of projection that Sartre uses is the café waiter who performs the duties, traditions, functions, and expectations of a café waiter: Sartre also gives, as an example of bad faith, the attitude of the homosexual who denies that he is a homosexual, feeling that "a homosexual is not a homosexual" in the same sense that a table is a table or a red-haired man is red-haired. Sartre argues that such an attitude is partially correct since it is based in the "irreducible character of human reality", but that it would be fully correct only if the homosexual accepted that he is a homosexual in the sense that he has adopted a pattern of conduct defined as that of a homosexual, although not one "to the extent that human reality can not be finally defined by patterns of conduct". Sartre consistently mentions that in order to get out of bad faith, one must realize that one's existence and one's formal projection of a self are distinctly separate and within the means of human control. This separation is a form of nothingness. Nothingness, in terms of bad faith, is characterized by Sartre as the internal negation which separates pure existence and identity, and thus we are subject to playing our lives out in a similar manner. An example is something that is what it is (existence) and something that is what it is not (a waiter defined by his occupation). However, Sartre takes a stance against characterizing bad faith in terms of "mere social positions". Says Sartre, "I am never any one of my attitudes, any one of my actions." The good speaker is the one who plays at speaking because he cannot be speaking. This literally means that, like the café waiter, the speaker is not his condition or social categorization, but is a speaker consumed by bad faith. Thus, we must realize what we are (beings who exist) and what we are not (a social/historical preoccupation) in order to step out of bad faith. Yet, existents (human beings) must maintain a balance between existence, their roles, and nothingness to become authentic beings.Additionally, an important tenet of bad faith is that we must enact a bit of "good faith" in order to take advantage of our role to reach an authentic existence. The authentic domain of bad faith is realizing that the role we are playing is the lie. To live and project into the future as a project of a self, while keeping out of bad faith and living by the will of the self is living life authentically. One of the most important implications of bad faith is the abolition of traditional ethics. Being a "moral person" requires one to deny authentic impulses (everything that makes us human) and allow the will of another person to change one's actions. Being "a moral person" is one of the most severe forms of bad faith. Sartre essentially characterizes this as "the faith of bad faith" which is and should not be, in Sartre's opinion, at the heart of one's existence. Sartre has a very low opinion of conventional ethics, condemning it as a tool of the bourgeoisie to control the masses. Bad faith also results when individuals begin to view their life as made up of distinct past events. By viewing one's ego as it once was rather than as it currently is, one ends up negating the current self and replacing it with a past self that no longer exists. Part 3, Chapter 1: The look The mere possible presence of another person causes one to look at oneself as an object and see one's world as it appears to the other. This is not done from a specific location outside oneself, but is non-positional. This is a recognition of the subjectivity in others. This transformation is most clear when one sees a mannequin that one confuses for a real person for a moment. While they believe it is a person, their world is transformed. Objects now partly escape them; they have aspects that belong to the other person, and that are thus unknowable to them. During this time one can no longer have a total subjectivity. The world is now the other person's world, a foreign world that no longer comes from the self, but from the other. The other person is a "threat to the order and arrangement of your whole world...Your world is suddenly haunted by the Other's values, over which you have no control". When they realise it is a mannequin, and is not subjective, the world seems to transfer back, and they are again in the center of a universe. This is back to the pre-reflective mode of being, it is "the eye of the camera that is always present but is never seen". The person is occupied and too busy for self-reflection. This process is continual, unavoidable, and ineluctable. Being for Others Sartre states that many relationships are created by people's attraction not to another person, but rather how that person makes them feel about themselves by how they look at them. This is a state of emotional alienation whereby a person avoids experiencing their subjectivity by identifying themselves with "the look" of the other. The consequence is conflict. In order to maintain the person's own being, the person must control the other, but must also control the freedom of the other "as freedom". These relationships are a profound manifestation of "bad faith" as the for-itself is replaced with the other's freedom. The purpose of either participant is not to exist, but to maintain the other participant's looking at them. This system is often mistakenly called "love", but it is, in fact, nothing more than emotional alienation and denial of freedom through conflict with the other. Sartre believes that it is often created as a means of making the unbearable anguish of a person's relationship to their "facticity" (all of the concrete details against the background of which human freedom exists and is limited, such as birthplace and time) bearable. At its extreme, the alienation can become so intense that due to the guilt of being so radically enslaved by "the look" and therefore radically missing their own freedoms, the participants can experience masochistic and sadistic attitudes. This happens when the participants cause pain to each other, in attempting to prove their control over the other's look, which they cannot escape because they believe themselves to be so enslaved to the look that experiencing their own subjectivity would be equally unbearable. Sex Sartre explains that "the look" is the basis for sexual desire, declaring that a biological motivation for sex does not exist. Instead, "double reciprocal incarnation" is a form of mutual awareness which Sartre takes to be at the heart of the sexual experience. This involves the mutual recognition of subjectivity of some sort, as Sartre describes: "I make myself flesh in order to impel the Other to realize for herself and for me her own flesh. My caress causes my flesh to be born for me insofar as it is for the Other flesh causing her to be born as flesh." Even in sex (perhaps especially in sex), men and women are haunted by a state in which consciousness and bodily being would be in perfect harmony, with desire satisfied. Such a state, however, can never be. We try to bring the beloved's consciousness to the surface of their body by use of magical acts performed, gestures (kisses, desires, etc.), but at the moment of orgasm the illusion is ended and we return to ourselves, just as it is ended when the skier comes to the foot of the mountain or when the commodity that once we desired loses its glow upon our purchase of it. There will be, for Sartre, no such moment of completion because "man is a useless passion" to be the ens causa sui, the God of the ontological proof. Nothingness Sartre contends that human existence is a conundrum whereby each of us exists, for as long as we live, within an overall condition of nothingness (no thing-ness)—that ultimately allows for free consciousness. Yet simultaneously, within our being (in the physical world), we are constrained to make continuous, conscious choices. It is this dichotomy that causes anguish, because choice (subjectivity) represents a limit on freedom within an otherwise unbridled range of thoughts. Subsequently, humans seek to flee our anguish through action-oriented constructs such as escapes, visualizations, or visions (such as dreams) designed to lead us toward some meaningful end, such as necessity, destiny, determinism (God), etc. Thus, in living our lives, we often become unconscious actors—Bourgeois, Feminist, Worker, Party Member, Frenchman, Canadian or American—each doing as we must to fulfill our chosen characters' destinies. However, Sartre contends our conscious choices (leading to often unconscious actions) run counter to our intellectual freedom. Yet we are bound to the conditioned and physical world—in which some form of action is always required. This leads to failed dreams of completion, as Sartre described them, because inevitably we are unable to bridge the void between the purity and spontaneity of thought and all-too constraining action; between the being and the nothingness that inherently coincide in our self. Sartre's recipe for fulfillment is to escape all quests by completing them. This is accomplished by rigorously forcing order onto nothingness, employing the "spirit (or consciousness of mind) of seriousness" and describing the failure to do so in terms such as "bad faith" and "false consciousness". Though Sartre's conclusion seems to be that being diminishes before nothingness since consciousness is probably based more on spontaneity than on stable seriousness, he contends that any person of a serious nature is obliged to continuous struggle between two things: a) The conscious desire for peaceful self-fulfillment through physical actions and social roles—as if living within a portrait that one actively paints of oneself b) The more pure and raging spontaneity of no thing consciousness, of being instantaneously free to overturn one's roles, pull up stakes, and strike out on new paths Phenomenological ontology In Sartre's opinion, consciousness does not make sense by itself: it arises only as an awareness of objects. Consciousness is therefore always and essentially consciousness of something, whether this "something" is a thing, a person, an imaginary object, etc. Phenomenologists often refer to this quality of consciousness as "intentionality". Sartre's contribution, then, is that in addition to always being consciousness of something, consciousness is always consciousness of itself. In other words, all consciousness is, by definition, self-consciousness. By "self-consciousness", Sartre does not mean being aware of oneself thought of as an object (e.g., one's "ego"), but rather that, as a phenomenon in the world, consciousness both appears and appears to itself at the same time. By appearing to itself, Sartre argues that consciousness is fully transparent; unlike an ordinary "object" (a house, for instance, of which it is impossible to perceive all of the sides at the same time), consciousness "sees" all aspects of itself at once. This non-positional quality of consciousness is what makes it a unique type of being, a being that exists for itself. Critique of Freud Sartre offers a critique of the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's theory of the unconscious, based on the claim that consciousness is essentially self-conscious. Sartre also argues that Freud's theory of repression is internally flawed. According to Sartre, in his clinical work, Freud encountered patients who seemed to embody a particular kind of paradox—they appeared to both know and not know the same thing. In response, Freud postulated the existence of the unconscious, which contains the "truth" of the traumas underlying the patients' behavior. This "truth" is actively repressed, which is made evident by the patients' resistance to its revelation during analysis. Yet what does the resisting if the patients are unaware of what they are repressing? Sartre finds the answer in what Freud calls the "censor". "The only level on which we can locate the refusal of the subject", Sartre writes, "is that of the censor." Further: In other words, Sartre views Freud's unconscious to be a scapegoat for the paradox of simultaneously knowing and not knowing the same information. Instead of alleviating the paradox, Freud simply moves it to the censor, establishing "between the unconscious and consciousness an autonomous consciousness in bad faith". Sartre thinks that the postulation of a censor within the psychic economy is therefore redundant: at the level of the censor, we still encounter the same problem of a consciousness that hides something from itself. For Sartre, what Freud identifies as repression is rather indicative of the larger structure of bad faith. Psychoanalysis thus does not yield any special insight, since hiding something from oneself occurs at the level of consciousness as a unified phenomenon, not as part of some intra-psychic mechanism. Special terminology used by Sartre Explanation of terms based on appendix to the English edition of Being and Nothingness by translator Hazel Barnes Being (être): Including both Being-in-itself and Being-for-itself (both as defined below), but the latter is the nihilation of the former. Being is objective, not subjective or individual. Being-in-itself (être-en-soi): Non-conscious Being. The sort of phenomenon that is greater than the knowledge that we have of it. Being-for-itself (être-pour-soi): The nihilation of Being-in-itself; consciousness conceived as a lack of Being, a desire for Being, a relation of Being. The For-itself brings Nothingness into the world and therefore can stand out from Being and form attitudes towards other beings by seeing what it is not. Being-for-others (être-pour-autrui): Here a new dimension arises in which the self exists as an object for others. Each For-itself seeks to recover its own Being by making an object out of the other. Consciousness: The transcending For-itself. Sartre states that "Consciousness is a being such that in its being, its being is in question insofar as this being implies a being other than itself." Existence: Concrete, individual being-for-itself here and now. Existence precedes essence. The subjective existence of reality precedes and defines its nature. Who you are (your essence) is defined by what you do (your existence). Facticity (facticité): Broadly, facts about the world. More precisely, the For-itself's necessary connection with the In-itself, with the world and its own past. Freedom: The very being of the For-itself which is "condemned to be free". It must forever choose for itself and therefore make itself. Nothingness (néant): Although not having being, it is supported by being. It comes into the world by the For-itself. Reflection (reflet): The form in which the For-itself founds its own nothingness through the dyad of "the-reflection-reflecting" Reflection (réflexion):The consciousness attempting to become its own object. ReceptionBeing and Nothingness is considered Sartre's most important philosophical work, and the most important non-fiction expression of his existentialism. Christian existentialist Gabriel Marcel wrote that it was of "incontestable" importance and ranked among the most important contributions made to general philosophy. While Marcel noted the influence of Heidegger on "the form at least" of Being and Nothingness, he also observed that Sartre diverged from the views expressed by Heidegger in Being and Time (1927) in important ways, and that Sartre's contributions were original. Marcel considered Sartre's analysis of bad faith "one of the most outstanding and solid" parts of Being and Nothingness, writing that it prevented Sartre's arguments from being purely abstract. Marcel saw one of the most important merits of the work to be to show "that a form of metaphysics which denies or refuses grace inevitably ends by setting up in front of us the image of an atrophied and contradictory world where the better part of ourselves is finally unable to recognise itself". The philosopher Jean Wahl criticized Sartre's arguments about the topic of "nothing". The philosopher Frederick Copleston described Sartre's view that all human actions are the result of free choice as "highly implausible", though he noted that Sartre had ways of defending his position. He also expressed sympathy for Marcel's criticism of Sartre, and described Sartre's view of freedom as both "nihilistic" and possibly inconsistent with some of Sartre's other views. The philosopher A. J. Ayer wrote that, apart from some psychological insights, the book was "a pretentious metaphysical thesis" and "principally an exercise in misusing the verb 'to be'". The author Susan Sontag praised Sartre's discussions of the body and concrete relations with others. She identified them as part of a French tradition of serious thought about problems of fundamental importance. The literary scholar John B. Vickery wrote that Being and Nothingness resembles Sir James George Frazer's The Golden Bough (1890) in the way its author "merges psychology and the concrete sense of fiction", although he considered it less readable than Frazer's work. The philosopher Iris Murdoch compared Being and Nothingness to Gilbert Ryle's The Concept of Mind (1949). She maintained that continental philosophy shares the same general orientation as English analytic philosophy. According to the philosopher Steven Crowell, Being and Nothingness had come to be seen as outdated by Sartre's death in 1980, since its emphasis on consciousness associated with "the subjectivism and psychologism that structuralism and analytic philosophy had finally laid to rest". The philosopher David Pears criticized Sartre's critique of Freud, describing it as complex but imprecisely formulated and open to potential objections. The philosopher Thomas Baldwin described Being and Nothingness as a work of pessimism. He wrote that Sartre's argument that Freud's theory of repression is internally flawed is based on a misunderstanding of Freud, and that Sartre's attempts to adapt Freud's ideas are of greater interest. The director Richard Eyre recalled that Being and Nothingness was popular among British students in the 1960s, but suggests that among them the work usually went unread. Several authors, including the sociologist Murray S, Davis, the philosophers Roger Scruton and Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, and the physician Frank Gonzalez-Crussi, have praised Sartre for his contributions to the philosophy of sex. Davis credited Sartre with being the first author to present a phenomenological analysis of sex. Scruton credited Sartre with providing "perhaps the most acute philosophical analysis" of sexual desire and correctly arguing that treating sexual desire as equivalent to appetite ignores "the interpersonal component of human sexual responses." He described Sartre's reflections on le visqueux as "celebrated". He has also credited Sartre with providing a "stunning apology for sado-masochism", and characterized Being and Nothingness as a "great work of post-Christian theology". Gonzalez-Crussi credited Sartre with recognizing that it is incorrect to equate sexual desire with desire for sexual acts. Sheets-Johnstone believed Sartre presented a subtle analysis of human sexuality. She praised his understanding of desire in general and suggested that his views about the subject anticipated those of the philosopher Michel Foucault. She believed that his views contained both significant truth and internal contradictions. She suggested that despite his criticism of Freud, his views about women and female sexuality were in some ways similar to Freud's. Naomi Greene, arguing that there is a "distaste for sexuality" in Sartre's work, identifies a clear "anti-sexual bias" present in Being and Nothingness. See also Critique of Dialectical Reason Existentialism is a Humanism Phenomenology of Perception Search for a Method The Imaginary'' References External links Being and nothingness: an essay in phenomenological ontology, By Jean-Paul Sartre, Citadel Press, 2001 Class Lecture Notes on Sartre's Being and Nothingness by Professor Spade at Indiana University. Nothingness and Being "Potentialities of Ontological Evolution" by Dr. Hilmar Alquiros Dr. Bob Zunjic : Sartre's Being and Nothingness (Outline) 1943 non-fiction books Books about the philosophy of love Books about the philosophy of sexuality Books by Jean-Paul Sartre Éditions Gallimard books Existentialist books French non-fiction books Metaphysics books Phenomenology literature
Shauna Bradley is a fictional character from the Australian television soap opera Home and Away, played by Kylie Watson. The actress received an audition for Home And Away in February 1999, but decided not to attend it as she did not think she would be successful. However, her agent persuaded her to go and she won the role of Shauna. As the part was her first acting job, Watson's agent booked her onto some acting classes and she began filming her first scenes in June. Watson made her first appearance as Shauna during the episode broadcast on 16 August 1999, Watson decided to leave Home and Away in 2001 and filmed her final scenes in June 2001, Shauna's final scenes aired on 5 October 2001. Watson returned for a brief stint in early 2002 and made her final appearance on 18 July 2002. Shauna gained a natural skill for lifesaving and went on to compete in various competitions, before progressing to professional lifesaving. When she moved to Summer Bay, Shauna became the town's first resident lifesaver. The character was described as being confident, strong and athletic. Shauna developed relationships with Harry Reynolds (Justin Melvey) and Jude Lawson (Ben Steel), who she later became engaged to. During her time in the show, Shauna began an affair with a married man, learned she was adopted and discovered she had a serious heart condition. Watson earned a nomination for Most Popular New Female Talent at the Logie Awards for her portrayal of Shauna. Casting In February 1999, shortly after she had moved back to Canberra, Watson landed an audition for Home And Away. She initially decided not to attend the audition because she did not think she would get the part. However, her agent told her to go and she won the role of Shauna. Watson revealed "Suddenly I had this opportunity thrown at me, that I'd always dreamed of, and I felt great. I came back to Sydney to start filming in June." As Home and Away was her first acting job, Watson's agent booked her into some acting classes. She commented "I think I was really bad, to be honest, at the beginning. But like anything if you really put your mind to it and love what you do, you invest the time to grow and educate yourself and I did do that." Watson made her first appearance as Shauna in August that same year. Development Characterisation Shauna's "natural skill and ability" at lifesaving began when she was five. She then entered various competitions during her teenage years and progressed to the professional lifesaving circuit. Shauna was working as a professional lifesaver for three years before she arrived in Summer Bay and applied for the job at the surf club. A writer for the official Home and Away website revealed that Shauna chose to leave her previous job because she was having trouble with her flatmate. Vinnie Patterson (Ryan Kwanten) hires Shauna, much to Alf Stewart's (Ray Meagher) surprise. An Inside Soap reporter commented that the last thing Alf expected was for Vinnie to employ a woman, least of all one "as feisty" as Shauna. Shauna's new job saw her become the Bay's first resident lifesaver. Watson described her character as extremely confident and not one to take any nonsense from guys. The Daily Mirror's Nina Myskow commented "Strong and athletic, Shauna is not one to be pushed around." Family Shauna is surprised when her aunt, Kate O'Connor (Kris McQuade), comes to the Bay for a visit and she later starts to suspect that she is adopted. Shauna's mother, Margaret (Sonja Tallis), also comes to the Bay and Shauna asks her why she does not have any baby photos of her. Margaret tries to deflect the question by telling her that she did not have a camera then, but Shauna calls her a liar. Margaret later reveals that she did indeed adopt her, but does not know who her real mother is. Shortly after, Ailsa Stewart (Judy Nunn) reveals to Shauna that she is her biological mother. Ailsa tells Shauna that she was conceived while she was in prison. She was raped by a warden and her cellmate, Kate, organised for her sister to adopt Shauna. A reporter for Inside Soap quipped "Shauna is stunned, asking Ailsa why she hid the truth for long. Ailsa bluffs, saying she didn't think Shauna would want a murderer for a mum." When Ailsa suddenly dies of a heart attack, Shauna is glad that she got to spend a brief time with her. Watson told Herbison "Shauna only discovered that Ailsa was her mum a few months ago, so in her case, she's terribly sad but at the same time grateful that they were able to spend some time together." During the funeral, Shauna says a few words about the time she had with Ailsa and she is able to "feel satisfied" that they parted on good terms. Shauna's older brother, Aidan Bradley (Ben Mortley), comes to the Bay. He ends up "copping a serve" from his sister because he has left behind a broken engagement and kissed Hayley Smith (Bec Hewitt). Relationships A physical attraction develops between Shauna and Harry Reynolds (Justin Melvey), which eventually turns into a "rocky romance". Shauna realises that Harry is keeping a secret and her instincts tell her that she cannot trust him. Watson stated that the most important elements in a relationship are honesty and respect, so Shauna decides to back off from him for a while. Watson told an All About Soap journalist "The relationship between Harry and Shauna is interesting because it hasn't been easy. There are lots of things they need to overcome and if they can do that, hopefully people will like to see them get together by the end of it all." Harry's ex-fiancée, Alison (Jenny Apostolou), comes to the Bay and informs Shauna that she intends to fight her for Harry. Shauna chooses to give Harry some space and he eventually chooses to stay with her. Shauna meets Gavin Campbell (Kim De Lury) when he stops a man from harassing her on the beach. Gavin flirts with Shauna, but he is interrupted by the arrival of his wife and daughter. Shauna is "unimpressed" with him, but Gavin later explains that he is staying in an unhappy marriage because he does not want to lose his daughter. Shauna agrees to go to a concert with him as a friend and she manages to resist his advances. However, she later begins an affair with him. When Shauna decides to end the affair with Gavin, she suffers "a humiliating public showdown" with his wife. Shauna begins dating Jude Lawson (Ben Steel). When he asks her to move in with him, she refuses due to her fear of commitment. Watson explained that because Shauna's relationship with Harry ended badly, there is a part of her that worries her relationship with Jude will go the same way. When he asks her to move in, she panics and states that she is not ready. Shauna's reaction makes Jude question whether she is serious about them and their future, while she tells Sally Fletcher (Kate Ritchie) that she loves him but is afraid to next step in case it does not work out. The next time Shauna sees Jude, she blurts out that she while she does not want to live him she would like to marry him. Despite the impulsive proposal, Jude does not need time to think and he accepts. Watson told Inside Soap's Jason Herbison, "Jude is over the moon about it, and the next morning, word gets out and everyone knows they are engaged. Meanwhile, there's a part of Shauna that thinks 'oh, no, what have I done?' However, Jude is convinced it will work out, which kinds of peps her up too." When Shauna confesses that her major fear about married life is losing the spark in their relationship, Jude organises a romantic breakfast for them on a boat. Shauna thinks the gesture is a great way to celebrate their engagement, however the date turns into a disaster. The sea becomes rough and when Jude goes to put the sail up, he is hit by the mast and falls overboard. Shauna realises that Jude could drown, as he has fallen unconscious, but any strenuous activity could put pressure on her pacemaker. Shauna decides to rescue Jude, but when she gets him back on deck, she starts having breathing difficulties. Jude wakes up and he has to hurry to get them back to dry land, so Shauna can see a doctor. Heart condition When Shauna collapses after a run, hospital tests reveal that she has a serious heart defect. Watson explained "Shauna's condition is called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It's generally found in athletes when there's too much pressure on the heart." The actress revealed that Shauna is shocked because sport and her job as a lifeguard mean everything to her. She is prevented from assisting in rescues and has to undergo surgery to have a pacemaker fitted. Shauna then learns that the condition is hereditary, meaning she could pass it on to her children. Her family also need to be tested and Watson described the situation as "a total nightmare for Shauna." Storylines Shauna arrives in Summer Bay and applies for a permanent lifesaver job. Vinnie Patterson conducts the interview and he hires Shauna because she is attractive. However, she also turns out to be good at the job. Adam Cameron (Mat Stevenson) flirts with Shauna and suggests she move into the spare room at the place he is staying. Shortly after she moves in, Shauna finds someone is stealing her clothes and watching her. She suspects Adam and the new high school teacher, Harry, until the culprit is revealed to be her old flatmate, Jillian Williams (Alexandra Davies). Shauna develops feelings for Harry and they begin dating. When Christian (John Atkinson), a hitman, is sent after Harry, he reveals that he is a research scientist in witness protection. Christian takes Shauna hostage, but she and Harry manage to overcome him. Harry's ex-fiancée, Alison, arrives in the Bay and declares her intention to get Harry back. Shauna refuses to fight Alison for Harry and he ultimately decides to stay with her. Shauna asks Harry to move out of the share house when he humiliates her during a self-defence demonstration and she invites Sally Fletcher and Leah Poulos (Ada Nicodemou) to move in. Shauna's aunt Kate comes to stay, followed by her mother, Margaret. Shauna asks why there are no baby pictures of her and Margaret confesses that she adopted her. Knowing that Kate knew Ailsa Stewart, Shauna realises Ailsa is her biological mother. Ailsa admits that she fell pregnant with Shauna in prison and gave her to Kate to raise, but Kate agreed to let Margaret and her husband adopt her instead. Shauna eventually bonds with Ailsa and her brother, Duncan (Brendan McKensy). Harry and Shauna break up and she begins an affair with Gavin Campbell. When Gavin's wife, Alicia (Caroline Brazier) is found dead, both Shauna and Gavin suspect each other of killing her. Before they can make up, a landslide buries the Stewart house. Gavin helps rescue Shauna, Ailsa, Duncan and Jade Sutherland (Kate Garven), but he dies when the house is destroyed. While out running one day, Shauna collapses. She is diagnosed with a heart condition that requires her to have a pacemaker fitted. Ailsa dies of a heart attack and Shauna is grateful for the time they spent together. Shauna begins a relationship with Jude Lawson and works hard to bond with his brother, Noah (Beau Brady). While Alf lets Shauna stay on the life saving team, he forbids her to take part in any rescues due to her heart condition. She eventually resigns and decides to take up teaching. Shauna is stalked by Kane Phillips (Sam Atwell) and kidnapped by his brother, Scott (Nathaniel Dean). Kane realises Scott intends to kill Shauna and he unties her. Jude asks Shauna to move in with him, but she asks him to marry her instead. Shauna develops feelings for Flynn Saunders (Martin Dingle-Wall) and she tries to make a move on him. However, Flynn is not interested. Jude becomes angry with Shauna and she decides to take a job in Melbourne. A year later, Shauna returns to the Bay to take care of Alf after he suffers a heart attack. Although Jude is dating Charlotte Adams (Stephanie Chaves-Jacobsen), he and Shauna realise they still have feelings for each other and get back together, before departing for Melbourne. Reception For her portrayal of Shauna, Watson earned a nomination for Most Popular New Female Talent at the 2000 Logie Awards. Karman Kregloe of AfterEllen called Shauna "sassy", while The People's Sharon Marshall branded her "feisty". Andrew Mercado, author of Super Aussie Soaps, said Shauna was a "sexy lifesaver". A writer for Inside Soap commented that Shauna's relationship with Harry had "more ups and downs than a kangaroo on a trampoline." While their colleague proclaimed that she played with fire when she got involved with Gavin. In 2012, Channel 5 shortlisted the episode in which Shauna confronts Margaret and learns she is adopted for their "From Day One" feature, which saw viewers vote for their favourite episodes. References External links Shauna Bradley at the Official Home and Away website Shauna Bradley on IMDb Home and Away characters Television characters introduced in 1999 Adoptee characters in television Fictional lifeguards Fictional schoolteachers Fictional offspring of rape Female characters in television
1st Armoured Regiment may refer to: 1st Armoured Regiment (Australia) 1st Armoured Regiment (New Zealand) (c. 1944–1950s), New Zealand Army 1st Armoured Regiment (Poland) (1939—1946)
```java @ExportPackage @PublicApi package com.yahoo.search.query.context; import com.yahoo.api.annotations.PublicApi; import com.yahoo.osgi.annotation.ExportPackage; ```
Jane Sourza (1902–1969) was a French stage and film actress. She was in a long-term relationship with the actor Raymond Souplex. Selected filmography The Duraton Family (1939) Radio Surprises (1940) An Artist with Ladies (1952) Naked in the Wind (1953) Four Days in Paris (1955) The Duratons (1955) Love in Jamaica (1957) Babes a GoGo (1966) References Bibliography Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999. External links 1902 births 1969 deaths French film actresses French stage actresses Actresses from Paris 20th-century French actresses
Makrešane is a village in the municipality of Kruševac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village had a population of 1,618. References Populated places in Rasina District
Atheism, as defined by the entry in Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie, is "the opinion of those who deny the existence of a God in the world. The simple ignorance of God doesn't constitute atheism. To be charged with the odious title of atheism one must have the notion of God and reject it." In the period of the Enlightenment, avowed and open atheism was made possible by the advance of religious toleration, but was also far from encouraged. Accusations of atheism were common, but most of the people suspected by their peers of atheism were not actually atheists. D'Holbach and Denis Diderot seem to be two of the very small number of publicly identified atheists in Europe during this period. Thomas Hobbes was widely viewed as an atheist for his materialist interpretation of scripture—Henry Hammond, a former friend, described him in a letter as a "Christian Atheist". David Hume was accused of atheism for his writings on the "natural history of religion"; Pierre Bayle was accused of atheism for defending the possibility of an ethical atheist society in his Critical Dictionary, and Baruch Spinoza was frequently regarded as an atheist for his "pantheism". However, all three of these figures defended themselves against such accusations. Rise of toleration In the Reformation and Counter-Reformation eras, Europe was a "persecuting society" which did not tolerate religious minorities or atheism. Even in France, where the Edict of Nantes had been issued in 1598, then revoked in 1685, there was very little support for religious toleration at the beginning of the eighteenth century. States were concerned with maintaining religious uniformity for two reasons: first, they believed that their chosen confession was the way to God and other religions were heretical, and second, religious unity was necessary for social and political stability. The advancement of toleration was the result of pragmatic political motives as well as the principles espoused by Enlightenment philosophes. Religion was a central topic of conversation during much of the eighteenth century. It was the subject of debate in the coffeehouses and debate societies of Enlightenment Europe, and a bone of contention among the philosophes. Michael J. Buckley describes the rise of toleration, and of atheism itself, as a response to religious violence in the preceding years: the expulsion of the Huguenots from France, the Spanish inquisition, the witch trials, the civil wars of England, Scotland and the Netherlands. Buckley argues that "religious warfare had irrevocably discredited confessional primacy in the growing secularized sensitivity of much of European culture." This is a view echoed by Ole Peter Brell and Ray Porter. Marisa Linton, however, points out that it was a common conception that religious diversity would lead to unrest and possibly civil war. According to Justin Champion, the question in England was not one of determining religious truth, whether or not there was a god, but rather one of understanding how the priesthood had gained the power to determine what was accepted as truth. Republican radicals like Henry Stubbe, Charles Blount and John Toland understood religion as a social and cultural institution, rather than as transcendent principles. They were primarily motivated by priestly fraud or "priestcraft". The second half of Thomas Hobbes' book Leviathan contains an example of this sort of anticlerical thought. Hobbes, like Toland and other anticlerical writers of the period, understood religion in terms of history. By viewing religious truth and the church as separate, they helped open the way for further religious dissent. Because France was an absolutist monarchy in which the king was seen as ruling by divine right, it was generally thought that French people had to share his religious views. The Edict of Nantes, which granted toleration to the Huguenot minority in France, was revoked in 1685. Marisa Linton argues that while the philosophes did contribute to some extent to the rise of French toleration, the activities of French Huguenots also played a part: they began to worship more publicly in the more remote regions of France, and their continued loyalty to the French crown on the eve of and during the Seven Years' War may have helped to ease the monarch's suspicions about their faith. In the mid-eighteenth century, Jansenist intellectuals began campaigning for religious toleration for Calvinists. Linton argues that together, these causes shifted public opinion towards religious toleration. Religious toleration was not accepted by everyone; for instance, Abbé Houtteville condemned the rise of toleration in France because it weakened ecclesiastical authority and encouraged irreligion. However, in 1787 Louis XVI granted an Edict of Toleration acknowledging their civil rights to marry and own property, although they were still denied the official right to worship and could not hold public office or become teachers. Full religious toleration for Protestants would not be granted until the French Revolution. Writers on toleration The Dutch Jew Spinoza argued for individual freedom to express personal beliefs, while discouraging large congregations unless they belonged to a somewhat deistic idealized state religion. According to Spinoza, freedom of thought, speech and expression were the core values of toleration—as such, Spinoza opposed censorship. Jonathan Israel summarized his position, that anti-toleration laws were engineered "for personal advantage but also at great cost to the state and the public", and that they exacerbated religious conflict rather than diminishing it. Spinoza constructed his theories about toleration based on a freedom to think rather than the right to worship, and was established according to philosophical principles rather than being based on any interpretation of scripture. Consequently, Spinoza was essentially arguing for everyone, atheists, Catholics and Jews included. Pierre Bayle was a strong advocate of tolerance, the basis of a quarrel with Louis XIV. He even defended the idea of an ethical atheist society in his famous dictionary. Martin Fitzpatrick credits him with making a "powerful contribution to the way philosophes would wage war on intolerance and superstition". Although he wanted to diminish the influence of Spinoza, Bayle was treated in a similar fashion by the Huguenots of the United Provinces, who saw him as a dangerous thinker and a potential atheist. John Locke suggested a pragmatic view of toleration, although he advanced a concept of toleration only between certain Christian sects. He vehemently denied the atheists' right to toleration since they did not believe in a god, practiced no recognizable form of worship, and were not seeking to save their souls. He similarly denied toleration to Catholics on the grounds that papal authority made them a danger to the state. In essence, Locke advanced a freedom of worship, not a freedom of thought. The vast majority of eighteenth-century writers, like Locke, had no interest in granting religious tolerance to ideas that deviated from the core of revealed religion. Most of these writers were strongly opposed to Spinoza's ideal of toleration, which is "chiefly about individual freedom and decidedly not the freedom of large ecclesiastical structures to impose themselves on society". Voltaire, in his 1763 "A Treatise on Toleration", continued in the tradition of John Locke, arguing that toleration allowed communication and good relationships between differing confessions in the marketplace. Allowing the Huguenots to return to France would boost the French economy. He would not be the only one to espouse this viewpoint. Opponents tended to conflate the views of those who wrote in favour of toleration under the heading of dangerous anti-orthodoxy and atheism, despite their radically differing viewpoints and confessions. Related philosophical movements Deism Deism is the philosophical belief in a deity based on reason rather than religious revelation or dogma. It was a popular perception among the philosophes, who adopted deistic attitudes to varying degrees. Deism, in this respect, is very different from atheism, which denies the existence of a deity altogether. Voltaire, for instance, was convinced that the existence of god was a demonstrable fact. The deistic god, however, often bore little resemblance to the God of Christian scripture, which meant that deists were often heavily criticized by the adherents of confessional faiths and could be accused of atheism. Deists often pushed for religious toleration, a move which would have supported the open expression of atheism. This is not because they supported atheism—they did not—but because deist philosophers tended to be in favour of the civil freedom of conscience. As Michael J. Buckley writes, "If atheism was unacceptable, superstition and fanaticism were even more so." Deists were not pro-atheist, but their anticlerical leanings indirectly benefited the evolution of atheism. In historiographical terms, it has been quite common to see a close link between deism and atheism. Buckley critiques Peter Gay's view of the direct tie between deism and atheism, writing, "the vectors which Gay charts are certainly there, but the distinction may be somewhat too neat, too overdrawn." Louis Dupré describes deism as "the result of a filtering process that had strained off all historical and dogmatic data from Christian theology and retained only that minimum which, by eighteenth-century standards, reason demands." Atheism is perhaps the same process taken a step further. Buckley credits the rise of atheism with the gradual submission of theology to philosophy—as thinkers, including church leaders, began to argue religion on philosophical terms, they opened the way for disbelief—they made atheism thinkable. Deism is, in this perspective, a complicated waypoint on the path to atheism: deism is the philosophical belief in a deity based on reason. Once belief in God is based on reason, it becomes thinkable to reason one's way into disbelief. Freemasonry Freemasons in continental Europe during the Enlightenment era were accused of atheism. The masonic "Constitutions" of 1723 are vague on the matter of religion, stating that if a Freemason "rightly understands the Art, he will never be a stupid Atheist, nor an irreligious Libertine", while also asking that he follow "that religion to which all men agree, leaving their particular opinions to themselves". Although Masonic literature referred sporadically and vaguely to a "Grand Architect of the Universe", their secretive practices made the religious affiliation of each Freemason a matter of speculation. Freemasonic culture originated in Britain and spread to the Continent, bringing with it ideas about natural rights and the rights of the governed. In some areas, Continental Freemasonry may have drawn from more subversive English sources. Margaret C. Jacob outlines a relationship between John Toland and Dutch Freemasonry; Jean Rousset de Missy, the founder of the Masonic lodge in the Dutch Republic in 1735 was a self-described pantheist, borrowing the term coined by Toland. Jacob argues that "there is a streak of freethinking or deism that turns up at moments in the history of Continental Freemasonry right into, and especially during, the 1790s." This religious ambiguity could be interpreted as contributing to the "thinkability" of atheism. Contemporary perspectives Spinoza Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677), in his 1670 Theologico-Political Treatise, criticized Judaism (his birth religion) and all organized religion. His philosophical orientation is often called "pantheism", a term coined by John Toland after Spinoza's death. However, in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Spinoza's name was often associated with atheism, freethinking, materialism, deism, and any other heterodox religious belief. Whether or not "pantheism" constitutes atheism is still debated by modern scholars. Pierre Bayle Pierre Bayle (1647–1706) was widely accused of atheism for his espousal of religious toleration, although he professed himself a Huguenot. He encountered a great deal of criticism for defending atheism. In his Dictionnaire historique et critique he stated that while atheists were "exceedingly blind and ignorant of the nature of things" there were many atheists "who are no way distinguished for their vices", and that "if atheists exist, who, morally speaking, are well-disposed, it follows that Atheism is not a necessary cause of immorality, but simply an incidental one in regard to those who would have been immoral from disposition or temperament, whether Atheists or not." In response to criticism, he included an essay "Clarifications: On Atheists" in the 1702 edition of the Dictionary. In it, he continued defending his thesis that "there have been atheists and Epicureans whose propriety in moral matters has surpassed that of most idolators", arguing that religion is not the sole basis of morality. It is, he wrote, "a very likely possibility that some men without religion are more motivated to lead a decent, moral life by their constitution, in conjunction with the love of praise and the fear of disgrace, than are some others by the instincts of conscience." David Hume David Hume (1711–1776) was often seen as an atheist in his own day. His skeptical attitude toward religion in such works as "Of Superstition and Religion", "Essays Moral and Political", "On Suicide", "On the Immortality of the Soul", "Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion", as well as his death-bed conversations with Boswell (later published), earned Hume the reputation as a practicing atheist. Hume was even turned down for a teaching position at the University of Edinburgh in the 1740s because of his alleged atheism. Diderot Denis Diderot (1713–1784) was one of the central guests of d'Holbach's salon and the primary editor of the Encyclopédie. Although Diderot wrote extensively about atheism, he was not as polemic as d'Holbach or Naigeon—instead of publishing his atheistic works, he tended to circulate them among his friends or give them to Naigeon for posthumous publishing. Diderot espoused a materialist worldview. He attempted to solve the problems of how the cosmos could begin without a creator, and theorized about how life could come from inorganic matter. According to Dupré, Diderot concluded that if one abandons "the unproved principle that the cosmos must have a beginning" then the need to establish the "efficient cause" of creation is no longer a problem. Diderot thought that the origin of life might be a process of the natural internal evolution of matter. D'Holbach Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789) was the central figure of the 'coterie holbachique' and the salon he hosted in his Paris home. The salon has been interpreted as a meeting place for Parisian atheists, based on an anecdote in which D'Holbach told David Hume, who claimed not to believe anything, that of the eighteen guests at his salon, fifteen were atheists and three had not yet decided. There is some doubt as to the accuracy of this statement. In any case, D'Holbach himself was a professed atheist. The salon was the site of a great deal of discussion about atheism, and the atheistic and theistic guests seem to have spent a great deal of time good-naturedly arguing for their respective positions. Despite claims that the salon was a hotbed of atheism, there seem to only have been three convinced atheists in regular attendance: D'Holbach, Denis Diderot and Jacques-André Naigeon. D'Holbach's written works often included atheistic themes. Alan Charles Kors cites three in particular, Système de la nature, Le Bon-sens and La Morale universelle as being particularly concerned with advancing the cause of atheism. Kors summarized some of the basic themes of these three texts as the idea that rigorous materialism was the only coherent viewpoint, and that "the only humane and beneficial morality was one deduced from the imperatives for the happiness and survival of mankind." What was relatively unique about D'Holbach was that, as Kors writes, he "was an atheist, and he proselytized". The Encyclopédie Although the Encyclopédie (published 1751–1772) was driven and edited by the atheist Denis Diderot, the encyclopedia's articles on atheism and atheists take a negative tone, having been written by the pastor Jean-Henri-Samuel Formey and the abbé Claude Yvon. This was probably the most common conception of atheism by the public and by some of the "philosophes". Yvon identifies the main causes of atheism as ignorance and stupidity, and debauchery and the corruption of morals. The article "Athées" is primarily concerned with refuting Bayle's assertions, insisting that atheists "cannot have an exact and complete understanding of the morality of human actions". Notes Sources Champion, Justin. The Pillars of Priestcraft Shaken: The Church of England and its Enemies, 1660–1730. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Champion, Justin. "Toleration and Citizenship in Enlightenment England: John Toland and the Naturalization of the Jews, 1714–1753." In Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, 133–156. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Dupré, Louis. Religion and the Rise of Modern Culture. Notre Dama, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2008. Grell, Ole Peter and Roy Porter. "Toleration in Enlightenment Europe." In Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, 1–22. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Jacob, Margaret C. Living the Enlightenment: Freemasonry and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Kors, Alan Charles. D'Holbach's Coterie: An Enlightenment in Paris. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1976. Linton, Marisa. "Citizenship and Religious Toleration in France." In Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, 157–174. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Russell, Paul. "The Riddle of Hume's Treatise: Skepticism, Naturalism and Irreligion." New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Tomaselli, Sylvana. "Intolerance, the Virtue of Princes and Radicals." In Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, edited by Ole Peter Grell and Roy Porter, 86–101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Robert Morrissey (ed.) Robert Morrissey (ed.) Further reading Buckley, Michael J. SJ. Denying and Disclosing God: The Ambiguous Process of Modern Atheism Baron d'Holbach, The System of Nature Kors, Alan Charles, Atheism in France, 1650–1729: The Orthodox Sources of Disbelief Atheism Enlightenment philosophy
```smalltalk // snippet-start:[BedrockRuntime.dotnetv3.InvokeModel_Ai21LabsJurassic2] // Use the native inference API to send a text message to AI21 Labs Jurassic-2. using System; using System.IO; using System.Text.Json; using System.Text.Json.Nodes; using Amazon; using Amazon.BedrockRuntime; using Amazon.BedrockRuntime.Model; // Create a Bedrock Runtime client in the AWS Region you want to use. var client = new AmazonBedrockRuntimeClient(RegionEndpoint.USEast1); // Set the model ID, e.g., Jurassic-2 Mid. var modelId = "ai21.j2-mid-v1"; // Define the user message. var userMessage = "Describe the purpose of a 'hello world' program in one line."; //Format the request payload using the model's native structure. var nativeRequest = JsonSerializer.Serialize(new { prompt = userMessage, maxTokens = 512, temperature = 0.5 }); // Create a request with the model ID and the model's native request payload. var request = new InvokeModelRequest() { ModelId = modelId, Body = new MemoryStream(System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(nativeRequest)), ContentType = "application/json" }; try { // Send the request to the Bedrock Runtime and wait for the response. var response = await client.InvokeModelAsync(request); // Decode the response body. var modelResponse = await JsonNode.ParseAsync(response.Body); // Extract and print the response text. var responseText = modelResponse["completions"]?[0]?["data"]?["text"] ?? ""; Console.WriteLine(responseText); } catch (AmazonBedrockRuntimeException e) { Console.WriteLine($"ERROR: Can't invoke '{modelId}'. Reason: {e.Message}"); throw; } // snippet-end:[BedrockRuntime.dotnetv3.InvokeModel_Ai21LabsJurassic2] // Create a partial class to make the top-level script testable. namespace Ai21LabsJurassic2 { public partial class InvokeModel { } } ```
Homenetmen (, ) is a pan-Armenian sports and scouting organization. Homenetmen may also refer to: Homenetmen Lebanon, a multi-sports club based in Lebanon Homenetmen Antelias Homenetmen Beirut Homenetmen Beirut (football) Homenetmen Beirut (basketball) Homenetmen Bourj Hammoud Al-Yarmouk SC, formerly Homenetmen Aleppo, a sports club based in Aleppo, Syria Al-Yarmouk SC (football) Al-Yarmouk SC (men's basketball) Al-Yarmouk SC (women's basketball) FC Pyunik, formerly Homenetmen Yerevan, a sports club based in Yerevan, Armenia Kilikia FC, formerly Homenetmen AOSS Yerevan, a football club based in Yerevan, Armenia See also Homenmen (disambiguation)
Kondoa is a genus of mostly small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Zonitidae. Species Species within the genus Kondoa include: Kondoa kondorum See also — unrelated political division of Tanzania. References Nomenclator Zoologicus.com: information on Kondoa Gastropod genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Józef Pułaski of the house of Ślepowron (17 February 1704 – February 1769) was a Polish noble, starost of Warka, deputy to Sejm, one of the creators and members of the Konfederacja barska (Bar Confederation). He was the father of Casimir Pulaski, Franciszek Ksawery Pułaski and Antoni Pułaski. References 1704 births 1769 deaths Polish nobility Bar confederates Radom confederates Members of the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Jozef
George Roman ( – ) was a professional American football defensive tackle who played three seasons for Boston Yanks/New York Bulldogs and New York Giants in the National Football League (NFL). Roman was born in Rankin, Pennsylvania and grew up in Verona, attending Penn Hills High School in Penn Hills. College and professional career During his college years, Roman was a standout football player at Western Reserve, now known as Case Western Reserve University. He also participated in basketball and track, being a member of the respective teams. Throughout his professional career, he played for a total of three seasons with the Boston Yanks, New York Bulldogs, and New York Giants in the National Football League (NFL) from 1948 to 1950 before sustaining a back injury. Following his tenure in professional football, he returned to Western Reserve University as part of the staff, notably assuming the role of coaching the golf team in 1952 and 1953, as well as serving as an assistant football coach in 1952. Roman received inductions into both the Penn Hills and Case Western Reserve University athletic halls of fame. References External links Pittsburgh Post-Gazette obituary 1926 births 2002 deaths People from Rankin, Pennsylvania Players of American football from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Case Western Spartans football coaches Case Western Spartans football players Case Western Spartans men's basketball players New York Giants players
Lele is an East Manus language of the Austronesian language family spoken in the northeastern part of Manus Island, New Guinea. It has an SVO word order. References External links Kaipuleohone's Robert Blust collection includes written materials from Lele Manus languages Languages of Manus Province Subject–verb–object languages
The MacDonald Brothers, now performing as The Macs, are a Scottish pop folk duo from Ayr, South Ayrshire, Scotland, consisting of brothers Brian and Craig MacDonald. They first rose to prominence in the third UK series of television talent show The X Factor in 2006, and have since gone on to release four studio albums. Their debut studio album, self-titled The MacDonald Brothers was released in April 2007 to positive reviews. The album went on to top the charts in their native Scotland and also performed well on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at number 18. The success of their debut album was followed up the same year with their second studio album, The World Outside which was released in October 2007. Whilst performing well in the charts, it did not meet the success of their debut effort, with The World Outside peaking at number two on the Scottish Album Charts and just missing a place in the top forty of the UK Album Charts, peaking at number forty-one there. A further two albums followed in 2008, With Love failed to make a chart appearance on the UK Album Charts but did peak at number twenty two in Scotland, and their most recent album Young Celts, debuting at number one hundred and twelve in the United Kingdom and number eight in Scotland, their first top ten appearance in the Scottish Album Charts since The World Outside. The brothers are currently signed to Evosound, Hong Kong under their new name "The Macs" but remain living in Scotland. As well as singing, both Craig and Brian play a range of instruments including the violin, accordion, guitar and piano. Their fifth studio album, and first album under their new stage name The Macs, Strumming To Your Beat, was released in December 2013. Music career The X Factor (2006–2007) The MacDonald Brothers auditioned for The X Factor in 2006 in Glasgow, Scotland singing "Don't Worry Baby" originally by The Beach Boys, and the judges comments were positive, with Sharon Osbourne saying "You made that song not sound Californian, you made it sound Scottish ..." and Louis Walsh added "Which Was Good!". The band received three positive votes from the judges Simon Cowell, Osbourne and Walsh. Throughout the show, the boys were mentored and coached by Walsh. The brothers were the ninth contestant eliminated, with Leona Lewis being the eventual winner. The Macdonald Brothers signed a recording contract with Syco Records, along with Sony Music Entertainment. Following this they signed with Scottish Independent label "The Music Kitchen" who released their debut album. The MacDonald Brothers (2007–2008) After The X Factor, the band recorded their debut album, The MacDonald Brothers, which was released on 2 April 2007, produced by Stuart Wood of Scottish super group The Bay City Rollers. The album entered the UK Album Charts at No. 18. The album also charted at No. 1 on the Scottish Albums Chart outselling the likes of Kings of Leon and The Proclaimers on their week of release in Scotland. The album consisted mainly of covers including "Real Gone Kid", "Shang-A-Lang", "When You Say Nothing at All" and "Bye Bye Baby" and "500 Miles". This album was later released by BIG-JOKE records in conjunction with Sony BMG Australia for the Australasian market in 2009. The World Outside and With Love (2008–2009) Their second album, The World Outside was released on 15 October 2007 and included a few of the Macs own songs as well as a track "Runaway (Do You Love Me)" written and given to them by Sir Elton John.. The album peaked at No. 41 on the UK chart. It entered the Scottish album charts at No. 2, just being pipped to the post by the "Stereophonics" on the week of release. The Great Big Scottish Songbook was released on 26 May 2008 by EMI and featured a few of The MacDonald Bros tracks as well as some of Scotland's most well known artists including KT Tunstall, The Proclaimers, Simple Minds and Runrig. "Runaway (Do You Love Me)" was released as a download single, which was written by Elton John. Their third studio album, With Love was released on 18 February 2008, as a limited edition album for mothers day. It featured many love songs including "Wonderful Tonight" and "Unchained Melody." The limited copies of the album sold out within the first two weeks. The same year, they released their fourth studio album entitled Young Celts was released on 13 October 2008 which saw the Macs return to their Scottish roots featuring tracks such as "Loch Lomond" and "Flower of Scotland," as well as some well known covers such as "So Young," by the Corrs. "You Can Always Come Home Son" was released as a download single. The album, distributed only in Scotland peaked at No. 8. Strumming To Your Beat and The Macs (2010–present) The MacDonald Bros recorded a Christmas album in the summer of 2010 which featured nineteen songs which included Christmas songs such as Rockin' Around The Christmas Tree Last Christmas and Merry Christmas Everyone. Originally it was recorded to go on sale exclusively during their "X-MAS" tour Through November and December 2010, however the album was eventually released through digital download format only. In recent years, the band has been performing under the new stage name as "The Macs" as opposed to their former name of The MacDonald Brothers. Their first album as The Macs, but fifth studio album overall, Strumming To Your Beat was released in 2012 through the EvoSound record label. The band travelled to Nashville to record the album and worked with some of Nashvilles biggest recording producers. Their sixth studio album has been released, The Celtic Collection, which is a collection of Scottish Celtic songs. Concert tours X Factor Live 2007 In 2007, "The MacDonald Bros" appeared in some of the UK's largest arenas along with other X Factor contestants on The X Factor Live tour. They closed the first half of the show with their most popular performances from the show, "Shang A Lang," "Cant Take My Eyes Off You," and "500 Miles." Westlife tours (2007–2011) Immediately after X FACTOR arena tour the Macs were delighted to be asked to support Irish superstars Westlife on their "Love" tour of the UK picking up the Scottish dates in Glasgow's SECC and Aberdeen Exhibition Centre. In 2008 the MacDonald Bros toured the length and breath of the UK in support of Westlife which saw them hit every major area in the UK. In 2010 the Macs were invited to support Irish superstars Westlife for their Scottish dates in Glasgow SECC and in 2011 the brothers supported Westlife at Cawdor Castle, Inverness alongside girband "Wonderland." Band members Brian MacDonald – Vocals, Guitar, Piano, Accordion Craig MacDonald – Vocals, Violin Discography Studio albums Singles "You Can Always Come Home Son" (2009) "Runaway (Do You Love Me)" (2008) References External links Scottish pop singers Scottish rock singers Scottish pop music groups 21st-century Scottish male singers Sibling duos The X Factor (British TV series) contestants
IF Attila, or Attila Rugby Club, the association's real name, is the oldest existing rugby club in Sweden. It was started in 1949. The club has been located at a number of grounds over its long history, but currently plays at Bromma Sportsfield in the North of the city of Stockholm. The club has both men's, old boys, women's and junior's teams and also have members of the vintage vikings old boys touring side. The club has won national championships for men XV four times, 1957, 1958, 1961, and 1968 and the Women's team was in the national finals in 2004 but was defeated by Stockholm Exiles RFC. Attila RG is known as perhaps the most social rugby club in Sweden the club can often be found in its sponsor pub in the Old Town after matches. The club is also one of the clubs who go abroad on tour often and only in recent years has been in Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Czech Republic, Spain, Poland, Italy, England, Ireland, France, Germany and Wales and played rugby and spread their own special Attila spirit. The Club brand is a bulldog and the club's colors are blue and red. External links Official website Rugby union teams in Sweden 1949 establishments in Sweden Sports clubs and teams in Stockholm
Krui River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Course and features Krui River rises on the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Oxleys Peak, at Mount Palmer and flows generally southwest, joined by six minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River near Comiala Flat. The river descends over its course. Near the village of Collaroy, the Golden Highway crosses the Krui River. See also Rivers of New South Wales List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K) List of rivers of Australia Goulburn River National Park References External links Water Sharing Rules: Krui River Water Source from the NSW Office of Water Rivers of New South Wales Rivers of the Hunter Region Upper Hunter Shire
India's 'Connect Central Asia' Policy is a broad-based approach, including political, security, economic and cultural connections. The importance of this policy was strengthened when the Prime Minister of India visited all the five countries Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in 2015. History 2012 elucidation On 12 June 2012 India's Minister of State for External Affairs E. Ahamed outlined some of the elements of India's 'Connect Central Asia' policy as follows: 2014–present A number of high-level visits have taken place involving heads of states, Presidents and Prime Ministers, foreign, defence and home ministers, in the respective central Asian countries as well as in India. Multilateral dialogues such as the "Central Asia Dialogue" have been conducted. The most recent and third edition was conducted between 18 and 21 December 2021. See also Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India (TAPI) Pipeline References Further reading Foreign policy doctrines of India Politics of Central Asia Foreign relations of Asia
The 2002 FIA Sportscar Championship Estoril was the second race for the 2002 FIA Sportscar Championship season held at the Autódromo do Estoril and ran a distance of two hours, thirty minutes. It took place on April 14, 2002. Official results Class winners in bold. Cars failing to complete 75% of winner's distance marked as Not Classified (NC). Statistics Pole Position - #14 Team Oreca - 1:29.401 Fastest Lap - #14 Team Oreca - 1:31.442 E 6 Hours of Estoril FIA Sportscar
Giacomo Lubrano (12 September 1619October 1693) was an Italian Jesuit, Marinist poet and preacher. Biography Giacomo Lubrano was born in Naples in 1619. He entered the Society of Jesus on 30 April 1635, at the age of fifteen. Apart from a two-year absence from his native city between 1658 and 1660, and his many preaching commitments in other Italian regions (he received invitations to deliver sermons in Rome, Palermo, Venice, and even Malta), he spent most of his life in and around Naples. Late in life, he was affected by a partial paralysis of the tongue. He died in Naples in 1693. Works Lubrano was widely known during his lifetime as a preacher and poet. He preached before Pope Clement X in November 1670, and in 1671 gave a sermon at the celebration of the canonisation of St. Francis Borgia in the Church of the Gesù in Rome. Giambattista Vico, who cultivated poetry in his youth, called upon him for an opinion of his progress in poetry and submitted for his correction a canzone on the rose. His copious production in Italian and Latin includes two collections of sacred and moral verse, Scintille poetiche (Poetic Sparks, 1674) and Suaviludia musarum ad Sebethi ripam (1690), as well as homilies, letters, and orations. Lubrano's collection of Italian poems was published with the title of Scintille poetiche in 1674 and 1690 under the pseudonym of Paolo Brinacio. Both chronologically and stylistically, his Italian poetry represents one of the most extreme instances of late Neapolitan conceptismo. Lubrano's poetic style was severely criticized by many of his contemporaries, especially his compatriots Nicola Capasso and Francesco Maria Casini. Despite his orthodoxy and piety, Lubrano was subject to criticism from within the Church itself by those who deplored the conceited and hyperbolic style of some religious writers and preachers of the day. His poetry was mocked as absurd for over two centuries, and has been reappraised only recently for those same extreme conceptismo which previously caused it to be dismissed. Many of his lyrics are included in Benedetto Croce's influential anthology of Baroque poetry (Lirici marinisti, Bari, 1910). In his poetry, Lubrano expresses a troubled if deep faith and a view of the natural world more akin to that of Lucretius or Heraclitus than to the philosophy of Nature endorsed by Jesuit authorities of his day. In philosophy he supports Neoplatonism and opposes the subtleties of late Baroque Scholastic Aristotelianism. Notes Bibliography External links 1619 births 1693 deaths Writers from Naples Italian Jesuits Italian poets Italian Baroque people Baroque writers Italian Roman Catholic writers Marinism
Mevlüt Karakaya (born 1 January 1963) is a Turkish politician from the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), who has served as a Member of Parliament for Adana since 7 June 2015. Born in Adana, Karakaya graduated from Gazi University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. He became a professor at the age of 37, having continued as an academic in the United States at Indiana University, Michigan State University and Purdue University. He also briefly worked at the World Bank between 1997 and 1998. He has taught at Gazi University, Hacettepe University, İzmir University of Economics as well as Başkent University. Having been active as a MHP member and serving as a member of the Party Executive Board for 10 years, he was appointed Deputy Leader of the MHP on 19 June 2011 with responsibilities for party finance. He was elected as a MHP Member of Parliament at the June 2015 general election. See also 25th Parliament of Turkey References External links MHP biography Collection of all relevant news items at Haberler.com Collection of all relevant news items at Son Dakika Nationalist Movement Party politicians Deputies of Adana Members of the 25th Parliament of Turkey Living people People from Adana 1963 births Members of the 26th Parliament of Turkey Members of the 27th Parliament of Turkey Members of the 28th Parliament of Turkey 21st-century Turkish politicians
Hirschfeld (Hunsrück) is an – a municipality belonging to a , a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Kirchberg, whose seat is in the like-named town. Geography Location The municipality lies in the central Hunsrück. South of the village lies the Idarwald (forest), and to the north runs Bundesstraße 327, also known as the Hunsrückhöhenstraße (“Hunsrück Heights Road”, a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on Hermann Göring’s orders). A few kilometres to the northeast is Frankfurt-Hahn Airport. Hirschfeld also lies on the Hunsrückquerbahn, now used along this section of the line as a tourist railway. History Bearing witness to Hirschfeld's early habitation are several barrows from prehistory and early history on the Roman road between the Belginum Archaeology Park and Boppard (Hunsrückhöhenstraße). In 1353, Hirschfeld had its first documentary mention when its church was mentioned in a document. The church itself has an interesting history, having begun life before the Reformation as a Catholic church, after which it became a simultaneous church to accommodate both Catholic and Protestant worship in Hirschfeld. It underwent expansion in 1748 and 1749. The simultaneum was dissolved in 1921, whereafter the Hirschfeld Catholic congregation built its own church in 1926, and the older building is now purely an Evangelical church. Two bells there date from 1481 and 1545. Beginning in 1794, Hirschfeld lay under French rule. In 1815 it was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna. Since 1946, it has been part of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Population development What follows is a table of the municipality's population figures for the years 1998 to 2006 (each time at 31 December): Politics Municipal council The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. Mayor Hirschfeld's mayor is Alfred Elz, and his deputies are Guido Schmidt and Joachim Schug. Coat of arms The German blazon reads: Gespalten von Grün und Blau durch eine eingebogene, silberne Spitze, darin ein roter Balken, begleitet von oben 3 und unten 4 schwarzen Schindeln, vorne ein silbernes Hirschgeweih, hinten ein silberner Kirchturm, wachsend mit schwarzer Tür und schwarzen Fenstern. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Tierced in mantle vert a stag's attires fixed to the scalp argent, azure issuant from the line of partition a tower with a conical roof of the second with windows and door sable, and in base argent a fess gules between seven billets fesswise in fess, three above and four below, of the fourth. The charges in base recall the family Kratz von Scharfenstein, once the fiefholders and church lords in Hirschfeld. The hart's antlers (“attires”) are a canting charge, referring to the municipality's name (Hirschfeld means “Hart’s Field” in German). The churchtower on the sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) side refers to the church in the village, which is held to have one of the loveliest Late Romanesque quire towers in the Hunsrück. The arms shown at the municipality's own website are somewhat different from what appears in this article. The division of the field is different, the charges in base are not quite the same, and the tinctures on the dexter (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) side do not match the ones shown at the source cited above. However, the German blazon clearly describes the arms seen here. Culture and sightseeing Buildings The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: Hirschfeld (main centre) Saint Wendelin's Evangelical Church (Kirche St. Wendelin), Unterdorf 19 – quire tower, 13th or 14th century, aisleless church, 1748/1749; whole complex of buildings with old graveyard Saint Wendelin's Catholic Church (Kirche St. Wendalinus), Hauptstraße 14 – aisleless church, 1925/1926; whole complex of buildings with parish hall, 1950s Unterdorf 14 – former Catholic school; timber-frame building, partly solid, plastered and slated, half-hipped roof, early 19th century Unterdorf 23 – timber-frame Quereinhaus (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), 18th century; whole complex of buildings Hirschfeld-Bahnhof Milestone – sandstone, first third of the 19th century References External links Municipality's official webpage Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Alaševce (, ) is a village in the municipality of Lipkovo, North Macedonia. History Descendants of the Krasniqi fis were recorded in the villages of Gošince, Slupčane, Alaševce and Runica in 1965. Demographics As of the 2021 census, Alaševce had 89 residents with the following ethnic composition: Albanians 84 Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 5 According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 126 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include: Albanians 119 Others 7 References Villages in Lipkovo Municipality Albanian communities in North Macedonia
Mazina Delure (born 6 May 1948) is a Canadian rower. She competed in the women's eight event at the 1976 Summer Olympics. References 1948 births Living people Canadian female rowers Olympic rowers for Canada Rowers at the 1976 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Amersfoort
```go // Code generated by private/model/cli/gen-api/main.go. DO NOT EDIT. //go:build go1.16 && integration // +build go1.16,integration package kinesis_test import ( "context" "testing" "time" "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws" "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr" "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request" "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/awstesting/integration" "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/kinesis" ) var _ aws.Config var _ awserr.Error var _ request.Request func TestInteg_00_ListStreams(t testing.T) { ctx, cancelFn := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5time.Second) defer cancelFn() sess := integration.SessionWithDefaultRegion("us-west-2") svc := kinesis.New(sess) params := &kinesis.ListStreamsInput{} _, err := svc.ListStreamsWithContext(ctx, params, func(r request.Request) { r.Handlers.Validate.RemoveByName("core.ValidateParametersHandler") }) if err != nil { t.Errorf("expect no error, got %v", err) } } func TestInteg_01_DescribeStream(t testing.T) { ctx, cancelFn := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5time.Second) defer cancelFn() sess := integration.SessionWithDefaultRegion("us-west-2") svc := kinesis.New(sess) params := &kinesis.DescribeStreamInput{ StreamName: aws.String("bogus-stream-name"), } _, err := svc.DescribeStreamWithContext(ctx, params, func(r request.Request) { r.Handlers.Validate.RemoveByName("core.ValidateParametersHandler") }) if err == nil { t.Fatalf("expect request to fail") } aerr, ok := err.(awserr.RequestFailure) if !ok { t.Fatalf("expect awserr, was %T", err) } if len(aerr.Code()) == 0 { t.Errorf("expect non-empty error code") } if len(aerr.Message()) == 0 { t.Errorf("expect non-empty error message") } if v := aerr.Code(); v == request.ErrCodeSerialization { t.Errorf("expect API error code got serialization failure") } } ```
The 2017 Tyrone Intermediate Football Championship is the 2017 edition of Tyrone GAA's second-tier gaelic football tournament for intermediate clubs in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Sixteen teams compete with the winners receiving promotion to the Tyrone Senior Football Championship the next year and representing Tyrone in the Ulster Intermediate Club Football Championship. Pomeroy Plunkett's won the 2016 IFC final after they defeated Derrylaughan 3-12 to 1-12 in the final in Omagh. Pomeroy Plunkett's, Urney St. Columba's and Donaghmore St. Patrick's returned to senior championship football in 2017. Rock St. Patrick's won the 2016 Tyrone JFC final defeating Tattyreagh 1-9 to 1-6 in Dungannon to earn promotion to the 2017 Tyrone Intermediate Championship. Championship Draw First round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final Tyrone Intermediate Football Championship Gaelic football competitions in County Tyrone
The World Amateur Golf Ranking for men was introduced by The R&A, the governing body of the sport of golf outside the United States and Mexico, on 23 January 2007. It is based on the results of over 2,600 amateur tournaments per year (and amateurs participating in certain professional events) and is updated each Wednesday. Rankings are based on the players' average performances in counting events over a rolling period. This period was 52 weeks initially but was gradually expanded during 2016 to 104 weeks, similar to those of the Official World Golf Ranking. Like the Official World Golf Ranking for male professional golfers, the amateur ranking was initiated by The R&A to provide a more reliable means of selecting an appropriate field for one of its tournaments. The professional ranking was initially used to help set the field for The Open Championship and the amateur ranking plays a role in selecting the field for The Amateur Championship, which was previously selected mainly on the basis of national handicap systems. Other tournament organisers will be able to use the rankings to select players if they so wish. The first set of rankings featured over 1,000 players from 46 countries and was headed by the 2006 U.S. Amateur champion, Richie Ramsay of Scotland. In February 2011, the United States Golf Association (USGA) endorsed the rankings and announced it would use them for an exemption category in all their men's amateur championships, including the U.S. Amateur, beginning in 2011. The women's rankings were started in February 2011. Japan's Mitsuki Katahira was the first number one. American Rose Zhang holds the record for most weeks at the top of the rankings with 142 weeks. Only three male and two female golfers have ever held the No. 1-ranking as both an amateur and a professional. The first to do so was Rory McIlroy, who was when he became the No. 1 amateur and when he first became the world No. 1 professional. Jordan Spieth was the second to accomplish this feat, he was when he topped the amateur rankings and when he reached No. 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking. Jon Rahm, who was ranked no. 1 for 60 weeks, became professional world no. 1 in July 2020. Lydia Ko was the first player to accomplish this feat in the female ranking. She was only and held the ranking for a record 130 consecutive weeks, and she was a mere when she first reached the pinnacle of the Women's World Golf Rankings (WWGR). Atthaya Thitikul held the amateur No. 1 for 12 weeks in 2019–2020 and topped the WWGR on 31 October 2022. Chronology of men's world number ones Key Chronology of women's world number ones Key Elite events Prior to 2020, events were ranked in eight categories: Elite, A, B, C, D, E, F or G. The Elite events are listed below. The calculation of the ranking changed in 2020 and there are no longer any categories. Men The Amateur Championship European Amateur U.S. Amateur Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship Eisenhower Trophy NCAA Division I Men's Golf Championships (beginning in 2016) Women The Women's Amateur Championship European Ladies Amateur Championship U.S. Women's Amateur NCAA Division I Women's Golf Championships Women's Amateur Asia-Pacific (beginning in 2018) Espirito Santo Trophy References External links Amateur golf Golf rankings
```javascript const fields = ['id', 'name', 'username']; const id = '1'; module.exports = /* GraphQL */ ` query getUser { user(id: ${id}) { ${fields.join('\n')} } } `; ```
Lari Michele White Cannon (, ; May 13, 1965 – January 23, 2018) was an American country music singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She made her debut in 1988 after winning You Can Be a Star, a televised talent competition on The Nashville Network. After an unsuccessful stint on Capitol Records Nashville, she signed to RCA Records Nashville in 1993. White released four albums for RCA between then and 1997: Lead Me Not, Wishes, Don't Fence Me In, and the compilation The Best of Lari White. Wishes was certified gold and charted three top-ten hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts: "That's My Baby", "Now I Know", and "That's How You Know (When You're in Love)". In 1998, she was the first artist signed to the former Lyric Street Records; she released Stepping Stone before leaving the label in 2000, and recorded all subsequent projects independently. Her musical style is defined by her vocal delivery and a variety of musical influences including country, blues, and contemporary R&B. In addition to her own work, White has produced albums for Toby Keith and Billy Dean, and has written songs for Tammy Wynette, Travis Tritt, Danny Gokey, and Sarah Buxton. She also acted in the television pilot XXX's and OOO's, the 2000 movie Cast Away, and her own cabaret production My First Affair. White was also married to songwriter Chuck Cannon until her death from peritoneal cancer in 2018. Biography Early life Lari Michele White was born May 13, 1965, in Dunedin, Florida. Her parents, Larry and Yvonne White, were both school teachers. As a child, she sang in her family's gospel group called The White Family Singers. The group included both parents along with her sister (Natasha) and brother (Torne). White took piano lessons starting at age four, and continued to play throughout her childhood despite losing her left pinky finger in an accident. She sang at talent contests, and performed in a local rock band called White Sound. She graduated from Dunedin High School in 1983. In 1987, she graduated from the University of Miami's Frost School of Music, where she studied vocal technique and sound engineering. During this time she also composed music and performed in local clubs. While at Frost School of Music, White was a classmate of Paul Deakin, who would go on to become a founding member of The Mavericks. White made her first national appearance in 1988 on the television talent show You Can Be a Star on the former TNN (The Nashville Network); she won first prize, including a recording contract with Capitol Records Nashville. She released one single through Capitol titled "Flying Above the Rain", which she wrote with Lisa Silver. When it failed to chart, White was dropped from Capitol's roster without releasing anything else. Following her departure, White continued focused on songwriting, which led to Tammy Wynette recording her song "Where's the Fire?" in 1990. She also did radio and television commecial jingles in this time span. 1993: Lead Me Not In the early 1990s, she joined a publishing house owned by Ronnie Milsap, also taking acting lessons and performing at local dinner theaters. White ultimately decided not to pursue acting at the time, as she preferred music. Despite this, she attributed the acting lessons as helping her become more confident on stage. White unsuccessfully auditioned to become lead singer of the band Highway 101 after their previous vocalist (Paulette Carlson) quit. After attending an American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) showcase in 1991, she was discovered by a cousin of country singer Rodney Crowell, who at the time was looking for a backing vocalist in his touring band. Crowell liked her vocals and thus encouraged her to sign with RCA Records Nashville, which she did in January 1992. In 1993, the label released her debut album Lead Me Not. Co-produced with Crowell and guitarist Steuart Smith, the disc included three singles: "What a Woman Wants", the title track, and "Lay Around and Love on You". All three of these singles entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, although none reached the Top 40. Both "What a Woman Wants" and the title track received music videos which were aired on CMT and TNN. The former was the first country music video to be shot in Europe; specifically, at a setting in Rome. Research conducted by music journalist Joseph Fenity in 2021 declared the "Lead Me Not" video to be a lost television broadcast, as RCA Records Nashville executives were unable to find the video in their archives. Smith also played guitar on the album, while Crowell, Claudia Church, Russ Taff, and Radney Foster provided background vocals. Brian Mansfield of AllMusic noted the musical variety on the album, but thought that this variety kept the album's singles from being successful on the charts. Alanna Nash shared a similar opinion in Entertainment Weekly, describing the album as "both dazzling in its diversity and confusing in its direction." 1994–1995: Wishes In 1994, RCA Nashville released White's next studio album titled Wishes. The album was also her most commercially successful. It accounted for three consecutive top-ten entries on the Billboard country charts between then and 1995: "That's My Baby", "Now I Know", and "That's How You Know (When You're in Love)". Of these, "Now I Know" was her highest-ranking single with a peak of number five in 1995, while the other two both peaked at number ten. White co-wrote both "That's My Baby" and "That's How You Know", plus three other songs on the album, with songwriter Chuck Cannon; the two of them married just before the album's release. White said that the collaborations with Cannon came during writing sessions with him on his front porch at his home in Nashville, Tennessee. Other contributing songwriters included Verlon Thompson, Suzi Ragsdale, Tom Shapiro, and Chris Waters. Garth Fundis produced the album; he also sang backing vocals on it alongside Thompson, Cannon, and Hal Ketchum, the last of whom did so on "That's How You Know". "That's My Baby", upon its release, had a music video which received rotation on VH-1. Richard McVey of Cash Box wrote that "Now I Know" was "rich lyrically and vocally". Reviewing the album for AllMusic, Johnny Loftus praised White's "torchy vocal" along with the "grit" of the musicianship. Pete Couture of the Tampa Bay Times called the album "a meditation on love", and praised the vocal performances on the singles in particular. On May 15, 1995, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) gave Wishes a gold certification for shipments of 500,000 copies in the United States. White also received a nomination by the Academy of Country Music awards for Best New Female artist. White accompanied this with an acoustic set at Fan Fair (now CMA Music Festival) in 1994, followed by her first tour in 1995. She also starred in XXX's and OOO's, a 1994 television pilot for CBS. 1996–1997: Don't Fence Me In and other contributions White's next release was Don't Fence Me In in early 1996. The title track was a cover of the Cole Porter-written song made famous by The Andrews Sisters. White's rendition included backing vocals from Shelby Lynne and Trisha Yearwood. White said that she perceived Don't Fence Me In as a concept album with a central theme of "breaking down barriers" and "rising above tough circumstances", according to New Country magazine. The album's lead-off single was "Ready, Willing and Able", previously recorded by Daron Norwood in 1995 as the title track to his second album. White's rendition of the song was a Top 20 hit in 1996, although the follow-up single "Wild at Heart" did not reach Top 40. The latter song's music video was withdrawn from television networks TNN and CMT after only a month due to mental health organizations protesting its use of a psychiatric hospital as a setting. Despite this, the video has since been made available online via Vevo. Writing for Country Standard Time, McVey stated that "With grittier-style vocals, a lot of attitude and definite musical growth, White offers up an album that has finally seen her come into her own". He found influences of contemporary R&B and blues in White's delivery and production. Jim Ridley of New Country magazine praised the album's concepts and the cover songs, along with the slide guitar work of Mike Henderson and the vocal contributions from Lynne and Yearwood, but criticized Josh Leo's production as "slick and syrupy". White and Cannon co-wrote and sang backing vocals on "The Lonely", a track from Toby Keith's 1996 album Blue Moon. She also co-wrote and sang duet vocals on Travis Tritt's mid-1997 single "Helping Me Get Over You", from his album The Restless Kind. Her final release for RCA was a greatest hits package called The Best of Lari White reprising all her singles to that point. Also included on the album was her rendition of the hymn "Amazing Grace", which had previously been released as a single from the 1995 Sparrow Records multi-artist compilation Amazing Grace: A Country Salute to Gospel. She covered another hymn, "There Is Power in the Blood", for the soundtrack of the 1997 Robert Duvall movie The Apostle. After The Best of Lari White, she exited RCA. At the time, she cited "lack of commitment" from RCA executives, as well as the birth of her daughter, as reasons for her departure. 1998–1999: Stepping Stone White's third recording contract came in 1998 when she signed to Lyric Street Records, then a newly-founded country music label owned by Disney Music Group. The label's then-president, Randy Goodman, had selected her as the first act for the new label. Her 1998 single "Stepping Stone" was the label's first release. At the time, Goodman thought that making White the first artist signed to Lyric Street would help raise awareness of the new label, due to her previous chart successes. The song originated with a poem that co-writer David Kent had e-mailed to White prior to her signing. "Stepping Stone" became a top 20 country hit in 1998; it was also her only entry on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 73. The corresponding album, also titled Stepping Stone, came out later in the year. It accounted for two more singles with "Take Me" and "John Wayne Walking Away", which were less successful on the charts. Lyric Street Records executives allowed White to choose her own producer, and she chose Dann Huff. Huff also played lead guitar on the album; he was joined on bass guitar by Mike Brignardello, with whom he previously recorded in the hair metal band Giant. Cannon played acoustic guitar on the album, while Mary Ann Kennedy and Pam Rose were among the backing vocalists. The album included a duet with Toby Keith on the Robert John "Mutt" Lange composition "Only God (Could Stop Me Loving You)", and Keith also co-wrote the track "Tired". "Only God (Could Stop Me Loving You)" was later recorded by Canadian country band Emerson Drive on their 2002 self-titled album, and "Flies on the Butter (You Can't Go Home Again)" by Wynonna Judd on her 2003 album What the World Needs Now Is Love. Jana Pendragon of AllMusic wrote that "while most of the material on this project is not worthy of her talent, she still makes a good showing all across the board." She considered White's vocals the strongest on "Flies on the Butter (You Can't Go Home Again)" and "On a Night Like This". 2000–2017: Later music career and acting concentration White ended her contract with Lyric Street in 2000 when label executives wanted her to record in a more country pop style than her previous albums. The same year, her agent submitted a head shot of her to the producers of the movie Cast Away, who were looking to cast a female country music singer in a role. The producers selected White to play Bettina Peterson, a sculptor with whom the movie's lead character (played by Tom Hanks) interacts at the beginning and end. After the film, she placed her musical career on hiatus. She returned in 2004 with the self-released album Green Eyed Soul. Unlike her previous albums, this one focused more on rhythm and blues and soul music; she chose to do so because she felt at the time that she "wasn't fitting into the format" of country music radio. Thom Jurek of AllMusic rated the album four out of five stars, stating, "Make no mistake, this is a very smooth, slick record; but its depth cannot be denied and as a pop record, one of the majors could have scored big with it." Also during this time span, she produced Billy Dean's 2004 album Let Them Be Little and Toby Keith's 2005 album White Trash with Money. White continued acting in Broadway theatre in the 2000s. One of her roles in this timespan was an original cast member of the Broadway musical Ring of Fire, a musical tribute show to Johnny Cash featuring renditions of his songs. In 2007, she debuted a cabaret production called My First Affair. The cabaret show was at the Oak Room cabaret at the Algonquin Hotel in Manhattan, New York City, on February 12, 2007. The show's set list included both Broadway standards and songs that White wrote herself. Also in 2007, twelve tracks from this production were released on an album of the same name. The album was released on April 6, 2007 on Skinny White Girl Records. White and Cannon co-wrote Sarah Buxton's late-2008 single "Space", as well as Danny Gokey's 2010 single "I Will Not Say Goodbye". In 2014, a group of twenty-four authors and songwriters assembled a collection of stories in a book entitled The Shoe Burnin': Stories of Southern Soul. Included alongside the hardback publication is an audio CD including eighteen original works by the songwriters featured in the book. White is a featured storyteller in The Shoe Burnin as well as the producer of the audio component of the project. In 2017, she released a pair of extended plays titled New Loves and Old Friends. The former consisted of new songs, while the latter included re-recordings of her hit singles. Collaborators on the latter included Buxton, Cannon, Dan Dugmore, and Charlie Worsham. Matt Bjorke of Roughstock wrote that White "gives us reason to believe in classic storytelling and songwriting and makes a case that we should get to hear more of this brilliant kind of music somewhere". Musical styles White's music is defined by her singing voice and stylistic variety. Dave Scheiber of the Tampa Bay Times wrote of White that she had a "strong, crystalline voice that smoothly blends country, rock, pop, and blues stylings". Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly compared her voice favorably to that of K. T. Oslin, while an uncredited review of Wishes in RPM called her "a belter with a soft edge that doesn't allow for tedium". Both this and Pete Couture's review of the same album in the Tampa Bay Times compared her favorably to Linda Ronstadt. Bjorke compared her voice to Bonnie Raitt and Diana Krall; he also thought that the New Loves and Old Friends projects showed influences of jazz and soul music. Writing about her debut album, David Bauder of The Associated Press stated that it "cuts a wide swath from country to gospel to rock and roll...clearly on display is the versatility that's marked her career. Some critics, though, have complained about a lack of focus." Couture wrote of White's delivery on "Now I Know" that she "builds from an understated, almost confessional reading, to one of powerful defiance on the chorus." He also said of her voice that it "is impressive not only in its range, but in its clarity and control." In a 2015 interview, White said that she found difficulty breaking through in the country music scene due to an unusually large number of female acts being played on radio at the time. She also said that much of the material on Don't Fence Me In was inspired by her perception that "the country radio box was a little too small". Personal life White married songwriter and song publisher Chuck Cannon on April 23, 1994. Prior to their marriage, Cannon had co-written her single "What a Woman Wants"; he would also write "That's My Baby" and "That's How You Know (When You're in Love)". The couple had three children together: daughters M'Kenzy and Kyra Ciel, and one son named Jaxon. White and Cannon founded the Skinny White Girl label on which White released her later albums; the two also built their own recording studio and founded a second label called Nashville Underground. In September 2017, just months after the release of her New Loves and Old Friends EPs, White was diagnosed with cancer. Exploratory surgery in October 2017 revealed advanced peritoneal cancer. She died in Nashville, Tennessee, on January 23, 2018, at the age of 52. DiscographyStudio albums'''Lead Me Not (1993)Wishes (1994)Don't Fence Me In (1996)The Best of Lari White (1997)Stepping Stone (1998)Green Eyed Soul (2004)My First Affair'' soundtrack (2007) References External links 1965 births 2018 deaths 21st-century American actresses American women country singers American country singer-songwriters American country guitarists American country pianists American country record producers American soul musicians Country musicians from Florida Deaths from cancer in Tennessee Deaths from peritoneal cancer Dunedin High School alumni Lyric Street Records artists People from Dunedin, Florida RCA Records Nashville artists Singer-songwriters from Florida University of Miami Frost School of Music alumni
was composed by Acharya Jinasena in 783 AD. It is divided into 66 cantos and contains 12,000 slokas. The book aims to narrate the life of Neminatha, the twenty-second Tirthankara in Jainism. According to the Jain sources, Krishna is the first cousin of Tirthankara Neminatha. Therefore, Krishna's adventures too occupy a significant portion of the book. Harivamsa Purana suggests that Draupadi was married to only Arjuna as opposed to Hindu traditional accounts which suggests that she was married to all five Pandavas. Synopsis In general, all Jaina Harivamśa narratives go far beyond what one might consider to be fitting for the Harivamśa, i.e. the story of Krishna and his relatives, or Mahabharata material. They consist of four larger parts: (1) Harivamśa, including the story of Krishna, his ancestors and progeny; (2) Nemicarita, the biography of the 22nd Tīrthankara, Krishna’s cousin; (3) Pāndavacarita, containing the central narrative of the Mahabharata; and (4) Vasudevahindi, the narrative of the wanderings of Krishna’s father Vasudeva, in reality being a Jaina version of the Brhatkathā in which the character of Prince Naravāhanadatta is replaced by Vasudeva. True to the systematic requirements of a Jaina Purana, the first three chapters describe the narrative setting of Mahāvīra’s samavasarana, where Shrenika enquires about the story of the Hari dynasty upon seeing Jitashatru, a monk of the Hari lineage, attaining kevalajñāna. Indrabhūti Gautama, the head of Mahāvīra’s assembly, commences with an exposition of cosmology, chronology, and the rise of the Kulakaras (4–7). The last Kulakara fathers the first Jina, Rishabha, who continues the work of the Kulakaras, giving rise to the basic social and hierarchical structures, and installing professions and classes. He is also the founder of the ikshvākuvamśa, and further, upon his cousins, Nami and Vinami, he bestows vidyās, magical powers, and the land to establish their own dynasty, the vidyādharavamśa (8–10). This is followed by the stories of Bharata and Bāhubali, two sons of Rishabha, and founders of the Solar and the Lunar dynasty (11–12) respectively. In sarga 13 the Harivamśapurāna proper begins, with a sketch of history up to the tenth Jina, Śītalanātha, during whose time the Hari dynasty arises. According to the Harivamśapurāna the harivamśa is named after a king, Hari, the first king of Campā, son of a Vidyādhara couple (14–15). Jinasena then briefly describes several generations of kings in the Hari dynasty, listing some of their extraordinary feats (16–17). The eighteenth sarga presents King Yadu in the Hari dynasty giving rise to the Yādava branch in Mathurā and introduces some of the characters known from their equivalents in the Mahabharata: Andhakavrishni and his ten sons (Daśārhas) and two daughters, Kuntī and Mādrī, Bhojakavrishni and his sons Ugrasena, Mahāsena and Devasena, and Jarāsandha, the king of Rājagriha. Andhakavrishni renounces the world after which his eldest son Samudravijaya becomes king. The youngest of the Daśārhas, the handsome Vasudeva, leaves the palace to roam the world for one hundred years. From sarga 19 onwards, twelve chapters are devoted to his adventures, the Vasudevahindi. With Vasudeva’s return and marriage to Rohinī and the birth of Baladeva, we revert to the more traditional epic material (31–32). Sarga 33 introduces Kamsa, the son of Ugrasena who had been abandoned at birth and grew up in the home of Vasudeva. Together with Vasudeva he overthrows Simharatha for Jarāsandha, thus winning the hand of Jarāsandha’s daughter, Jīvadyaśas. Hearing the story of his parentage Kamsa takes control of Mathurā and imprisons his father. He gives the hand of his sister Devakī to Vasudeva. One day Jīvadyaśas insults the ascetic Atimuktaka, who curses her, swearing that her husband and father will die at the hand of Devakī’s seventh son. After a short doctrinal discourse, including the previous birth stories of the future Tīrthankara Nemi, Devakī’s first six children are exchanged by the god Naigama for stillborns (34–35). The birth of the seventh child is announced by seven dreams, the standard narrative theme in the conception of a future Vāsudeva or Ardhacakravartin. Immediately after the birth Vasudeva and Baladeva interchange the baby boy with the daughter of the herdsman Nanda. The girl is disfigured by Kamsa, who thinks he can avoid death if she would be too ugly to get a husband. The boy, Krishna, grows up in the gokula where he survives several attacks of Kamsa (35–36). Kamsa challenges the cowherds to a wrestling match in Mathurā. Krishna and Baladeva take part and triumph, with Krishna ultimately killing Kamsa. Krishna is reunited with his biological parents and Ugrasena is reinstalled as the king of Mathurā. Jarāsandha wants to avenge the death of Kamsa, his son-in-law, and sends his son Kālayavana and his brother Aparājita after the Yādavas, but to no avail. As a long interlude Jinasena here inserts the account of the conception, birth and consecration of the Tīrthankara Nemi, son of Samudravijaya, the eldest of the Daśārhas and cousin of Krishna (37–39). Sarga 40 reverts to the story of Krishna, with Jarāsandha’s next attack on the Yādavas. Following the instructions of an astrologer, Krishna decides to migrate to the west towards the ocean. The gods create an illusion of funeral pyres burning with the bodies of the Yādava armies, making Jarāsandha’s camp believe that his enemies have committed suicide and abandon the pursuit. Krishna enters the coastal city of Dvāravatī built by Kubera (41). Following the intrigues of Nārada, Krishna marries Rukminī, his second queen after Satyabhāmā (42). The neighbouring king, Duryodhana, promises the hand of his firstborn daughter to Krishna's first son, born to either Rukminī or Satyabhāmā. Rukminī and Satyabhāmā give birth to a son simultaneously but Rukminī’s child, Pradyumna, is by chance recognized as the eldest. However, a god seeking vengeance for insults suffered in a previous life kidnaps the boy and abandons him in Meghakūta where he grows up in a Vidyādhara family. Rukminī is devastated but Nārada comforts her with the promise of her son’s return after sixteen years (43). Satyabhāmā’s son Bhānu grows up in the palace and Krishna marries six other women (44). One day the Pāndavas visit Dvāravatī. King Shrenika requests to hear their full story and Indrabhūti Gautama gives a condensed account of the Mahabharata story up to the great battle (45–46). It begins with a brief description of the kuruvamśa to which the Tīrthankaras Shānti, Kunthu and Ara belonged. After that Shāntanu, Dhritarāshtra, Pāndu, and their children, the Kauravas and the Pāndavas are introduced. After Pāndu's death the kingdom is divided equally between the Pāndavas and the Kauravas. Rivalry between the cousins soon leads to the attack on the Pāndavas' lives in the lacquer house from which the Pāndavas escape to live anonymously as hermits in the forest. After Draupadī’s marriage to Arjuna – and to Arjuna alone – the Pāndavas give up their anonymity and return to Hāstinapura. After renewed conflict culminating in the game of dice and the subsequent exile, the Pāndavas spend eleven years in the forest and one year incognito at the court of Virāta. They return to Hāstinapura where they make every effort at peaceful coexistence but are forced to leave their home again to avoid war with their cousins. They head south and reach Dvāravatī where they each marry one of the Daśārhas’ daughters. After this concise sketch of the Pāndavas' past history the Harivamśapurāna takes us back to Pradyumna, who has now grown up to accomplish many heroic feats, much to the envy of his foster mother and brothers. Following some conflicts and subsequent reconciliation Nārada takes him back to Dvāravatī to rejoin his biological family. On the way Pradyumna raids the caravan that is accompanying Duryodhana’s daughter to Dvāravatī, where she will marry Satyabhāmā’s son Bhānu, and he steals the bride. Rukminī recognizes her son and Nārada introduces him to Krishna after which Pradyumna triumphantly enters Dvāravatī and marries Duryodhana’s daughter (47). Sarga 48 describes the anecdotes of Pradyumna and his half brother Śamba, who is always taunting Satyabhāmā’s younger son Subhānu. In total there are by then three and a half crores of princes in Dvāravatī. Jinasena then inserts the story of Nanda’s daughter who was mutilated by Kamsa (49). She grows up and, disgusted with the world, becomes a nun in the Vindhyas. There she is noticed by some tribal hunters on their way to attack a group of merchants. The hunters pay homage to her as a goddess. Immediately after they leave the nun is devoured by a tiger. When the hunters return, all they find of their goddess are three fingers in a pool of blood. They misinterpret this as a sign that the goddess demands blood and from then on they engage in the practice of sacrificing buffaloes, hence the origin of the Durgā cult. In sarga 50 Jarāsandha one day hears that the Yādavas are alive and prospering in Dvāravatī. He immediately sends a messenger with a declaration of war. The Yādavas accept it and both parties agree to meet in Kuruksetra after six months. The following two sargas describe the great war between the Yādavas and their allies, including the Pāndavas, and Jarāsandha and his allies, among whom are the Kauravas. The Pāndavas gain victory over the Kauravas, who all renounce the material world to go and live as ascetics. In the ultimate battle Krishna, the Vāsudeva, kills Jarāsandha, the Prativāsudeva, with his cakra Sudarśana. After the war Krishna campaigns to conquer half of Bharata and triumphantly returns to Dvāravatī where he is crowned as Ardhacakravartin. One day Draupadī fails to recognize Nārada and forgets to greet him. Spiteful as ever, Nārada entices King Padmanābha of Dhātakīkhanda, a continent lying beyond Jambūdvīpa, to kidnap her. Krishna and the Pāndavas set out to rescue her. They cross the ocean of salt surrounding Jambūdvīpa and reach Dhātakīkhanda, where they subdue Padmanābha’s armies and are reunited with Draupadī. On their return home the Pāndavas, by way of a prank, hide the ferry crossing the Gangā so that Krishna himself has to carry his chariot, charioteer and horses across the river. When he hears that the Pāndavas are responsible for this he angrily banishes them to Mathurā in the south and installs Parīksita, Subhadrā’s grandson, in Hāstinapura (54). In sarga 55 we are briefly told how Aniruddha, Pradyumna’s son, is kidnapped by the daughter of King Bāna. Aniruddha and his bride are rescued and brought back to Dvāravatī. Then Jinasena picks up the biography of Nemi and the story of how he became a Tīrthankara (55–59). Krishna noticed that his young nephew had grown up to a man of unequalled force and becomes worried for his own sovereignty. He also arranges for Nemi to marry. Just before the wedding Nemi wanders around the park where he sees the crying animals lined up to be slaughtered for the wedding feast. He becomes filled with disgust for the world and decides to renounce. The gods come to honour him and take him to Uttarakuru where he begins his meditation. Nemi attains kevala and roams the land to preach to his followers. In sarga 60 Nemi narrates the previous birth stories of Krishna’s wives. Devakī gives birth to another son, Gajakumāra, who, also on his wedding day, renounces the world. All the Daśārhas (except Vasudeva), Vasudeva’s wives (except Devakī and Rohinī), and Krishna’s daughters become mendicants. Questioned by Krishna, Nemi foretells Dvāravatī’s downfall (61). Twelve years later, as predicted, the city and all its inhabitants are burnt by a vengeful god, who, when in a former existence he was an ascetic named Dvīpāyana, was insulted by Dvāravatī’s drunken young princes. Only Krishna and Baladeva escape the burning city alive. On their way south to the Pandavas Krishna rests under a tree while Baladeva goes to fetch some water. Jaratkumāra, Baladeva’s and Krishna's half-brother, who, in order to avoid killing Krishna as Nemi had predicted, had left Dvāravatī twelve years earlier to live in the forest as a hunter, mistakes Krishna's foot for a deer and shoots him. Krishna dies and is reborn in the third hell. Jaratkumāra goes to the Pāndavas to bring them the news of Dvāravatī’s downfall and Krishna’s demise (62). Baladeva cannot accept Krishna’s death and roams around carrying Krishna’s corpse with him. A god, his charioteer in a previous life, brings him to his senses, upon which he renounces the world (63). The Pāndavas install Jaratkumāra as their successor and visit Nemi, from whom they hear about their previous lives (64). Sarga 65 describes the nirvāna of Nemi and the liberation of the main characters. The Hari lineage is continued by Jaratkumāra. In the final sarga the genealogy of the Hari dynasty is enumerated up to Jitaśatru, the monk about whom Shrenika had requested to hear the whole story. Shrenika then returns home and Mahāvīra attains nirvāõa. The Harivamśapurāna ends with an account of Mahāvīra’s lineage up to Caturmuni. See also Neminatha Krishna Balarama Jinasena References Citations Sources Jain texts
The Naypyidaw Zoological Gardens () located in Naypyidaw is the largest zoo in South East Asia. Located on the Yangon-Mandalay highway about 250 miles (400 km) north of Yangon, the 612-acre (247-hectare) zoo opened on Myanmar's Armed Forces Day (27 March) in 2008 with about 420 animals transferred from the Yangon Zoological Gardens. The zoo has elephants, crocodiles, tigers, deer, leopards, monkeys as well as white tigers, zebras and kangaroos. It also comes has an air-conditioned penguin house. In December 2009, the zoo had 634 animals of 89 species, including 304 from 34 different mammal species; 265 from 44 bird species; and 65 from 11 reptile species. See also National Herbal Park Naypyidaw Safari Park Naypyidaw Water Fountain Garden Yadanabon Zoological Gardens Yangon Zoological Gardens References Zoos in Myanmar Buildings and structures in Naypyidaw Zoos established in 2008 2008 establishments in Myanmar
Furnace is an unincorporated community located in Estill County, Kentucky, United States. History Settlers found the surrounding area rich in iron ore. The Estill Steam Furnace, a blast furnace was established in about 1830. A post office was established in the community in 1857, and named for the Estill Steam Furnace. This was shortened to Furnace in 1882. The post office was discontinued in 1975. References External links Unincorporated communities in Estill County, Kentucky Unincorporated communities in Kentucky 1857 establishments in Kentucky
Wilhelm Dittmann (1 November 1874 – 7 August 1954), was a German Social Democratic politician. From 1917 to 1922, he was secretary to the Central Committee of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD). Wilhelm was the son of Josef and Auguste Dittmann. His father was a master wheelwright in Eutin. References 1874 births 1954 deaths People from Eutin People from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians Independent Social Democratic Party politicians Members of the Council of the People's Deputies Members of the 13th Reichstag of the German Empire Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
The Leader of the Christian Social Union (Vorsitzender der Christlich-Sozialen Union) is the most senior political figure within the Christian Social Union in Bavaria. Since 19 January 2019, the office has been held by Markus Söder; who is the 9th leader of the party. The Leader of the Christian Social Union is supported by a General Secretary, which since 2018 has been Markus Blume. Furthermore, the leader is supported by five deputy leaders, which currently are Kurt Gribl, Angelika Niebler, Dorothee Bär, Manfred Weber and Melanie Huml. Leaders of the Christian Social Union (1945–present) A list of the 8 leaders since 1945 See also Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany Leader of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany Social Democratic Party of Germany Christian Democratic Union of Germany Alliance '90/The Greens Notes References Lists of German politicians Christian Social Union in Bavaria politicians
Gav-Yam (), sometimes referred to as Bayside Land Corporation in English, is an Israeli real estate company. The Company went public in 1978 and is traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange market. Gav-Yam share is part of the Tel Aviv 125 index. Some properties associated with Gav-Yam include Totzeret HaAretz Towers, Matam in Haifa, and the Haifa International Convention Center. History Gav-Yam was founded in June 1928 by the Economic Society for the Land of Israel, a company founded by Judge Louis Brandeis's party. The Economic Society established Gav-Yam to develop 5,000 dunams (12,355 acres) purchased in Haifa Bay from the Haifa Bay Training Company. In 1939, Gav-Yam began building a residential neighborhood in Kiryat Yam (initially called Gav-Yam), which later became a city. In partnership with another company, Gav-Yam established a residential neighborhood that includes a commercial center in Kiryat Eliezer in Haifa. Gav-Yam was also responsible for projects in the Carmel. The Company participated in the Jewish land purchase in Palestine. The land in Haifa Bay was bought with the Jewish National Fund. In this project, Gav-Yam planned the gulf area's construction, paved roads and established industrial infrastructure. The company encouraged establishing factories on its lands in Haifa Bay and provided financial assistance to various factories to build and develop an industrial area. Among the assisted companies were Vulcan Automotive, Phoenicia, Telma and the Company for Cables and Wires. With the founding of Israel in 1948, Gav-Yam was involved in developing industrial areas in various places in the country, leased land from the Israel Lands Administration and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and continued to build industrial and commercial buildings for rent. Between 1954 and 1968, Gav-Yam participated in the construction and management of the Kishon Port and provided the port with many land reserves that the company owned. In 2021, Gav-Yam's ToHa Tower in Tel Aviv won award for best skyscraper in the Middle East. Ownership In 1970, PCB (Property and Building Corporation, part of the IDB Group) became the sole owner of Gav-Yam. In June 1978, the company first published a financial prospectus for an IPO, and its shares were registered for trading on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. On July 1, 2019, the assets holding rates and the company's issued capital decreased from 51.7% to 40.0%. Today, the holding rate of properties and a building is about 29.9%. At 2020-2021, Equity Finance Corporation, owned by Aaron Frenkel, acquired control of the company. References External links Official website Jewish businesses established in Mandatory Palestine 1928 establishments in Mandatory Palestine Companies based in Haifa Companies established in 1928
```java * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. / package org.activiti.examples.mgmt; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Map; import org.activiti.engine.impl.test.PluggableFlowableTestCase; import org.flowable.common.engine.api.management.TableMetaData; import org.flowable.engine.ManagementService; /* * Test case for the various operations of the {@link ManagementService} * * @author Tom Baeyens * @author Joram Barrez */ public class ManagementServiceTest extends PluggableFlowableTestCase { public void testTableCount() { Map<String, Long> tableCount = managementService.getTableCount(); String tablePrefix = processEngineConfiguration.getDatabaseTablePrefix(); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(13), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_GE_PROPERTY")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_GE_BYTEARRAY")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_RE_DEPLOYMENT")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_RU_EXECUTION")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_ID_GROUP")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_ID_MEMBERSHIP")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_ID_USER")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_RE_PROCDEF")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_RU_TASK")); assertEquals(Long.valueOf(0), tableCount.get(tablePrefix + "ACT_RU_IDENTITYLINK")); } public void testGetTableMetaData() { String tablePrefix = processEngineConfiguration.getDatabaseTablePrefix(); TableMetaData tableMetaData = managementService.getTableMetaData(tablePrefix + "ACT_RU_TASK"); assertEquals(tableMetaData.getColumnNames().size(), tableMetaData.getColumnTypes().size()); assertEquals(37, tableMetaData.getColumnNames().size()); int assigneeIndex = tableMetaData.getColumnNames().indexOf("ASSIGNEE_"); int createTimeIndex = tableMetaData.getColumnNames().indexOf("CREATE_TIME_"); assertTrue(assigneeIndex >= 0); assertTrue(createTimeIndex >= 0); assertOneOf(new String[] { "VARCHAR", "NVARCHAR2", "nvarchar", "NVARCHAR", "CHARACTER VARYING" }, tableMetaData.getColumnTypes().get(assigneeIndex)); assertOneOf(new String[] { "TIMESTAMP", "TIMESTAMP(6)", "datetime", "DATETIME" }, tableMetaData.getColumnTypes().get(createTimeIndex)); } private void assertOneOf(String[] possibleValues, String currentValue) { for (String value : possibleValues) { if (currentValue.equals(value)) { return; } } fail("Value '" + currentValue + "' should be one of: " + Arrays.deepToString(possibleValues)); } } ```
Ernst Weinland (9 March 1869, Hohenwittlingen – 17 October 1932, Urach) was a German physiologist and parasitologist. He studied medicine at the universities of Munich, Tübingen, Berlin and Leipzig. He also studied zoology, and in the process earned a PhD at the University of Berlin. After finishing his medical studies at Leipzig, he worked as an assistant physician in Esslingen and as an assistant in the laboratory of Karl von Voit at the University of Munich. In 1899 he obtained his habilitation for physiology and afterwards became an associate professor at the technical school in Freising. From 1913 to 1932 he was a professor of physiology at the University of Erlangen. He is known for his pioneer research involving the metabolism of parasitic nematodes (Ascaris). He also published papers on the metabolism of the fly genus Calliphora. Selected writings Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Baues des Dipteren-Schwingers, 1890. Ueber die Bildung von Glykogen nach Galactosefütterung (Z. Biol., 1900, 40, 374— 385) – Formation of glycogen after feeding on galactose. Ueber die Lactase des Pankreas. Zweite Mittheilung zur Frage nach den Ursachen, welche die Bildung der Lactase hervorrufen, Ibid., 1900, n. F., xxii, 386-391 – On lactase of the pancreas. Ueber den Glykogengchalt einiger parasitischer Würmer, (Z. Biol. Bd. XLI. 1901. Heft 1. p. 69—74). Ueber ausgepresste Extrakte von Ascaris lumbricoides und ihre Wirkung. (Z. Biol., 48, 86. — 1902). References 1869 births 1932 deaths People from Bad Urach Academic staff of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg German parasitologists German physiologists
The Tri-State Area Tuition Mission Foundation, popularly known as Tuition Mission or TMF, is a scholarship foundation located in East Liverpool, Ohio. Mission The foundation makes tuition awards to needy area students who want to pursue post-secondary education. Scholarships are made solely based on financial need, and may be used for tuition at a trade school, college or graduate school. History Tuition Mission Foundation began as a Dollars for Scholars chapter. It was incorporated on November 28, 1962. The chapter made its first tuition awards in 1963. These scholarships totaled $9,750 and were made to 20 needy college-bound students from the school districts of East Liverpool, Beaver Local, Chester-Newell (West Virginia) and Wellsville. On May 7, 2013, the board of directors voted to disaffiliate from Dollars for Scholars and its parent organization, Scholarship America. This was in response to an early 2013 effort by Scholarship America to update standards and practices among all Dollars for Scholars chapters, which number about 1,000 nationwide. Specifically, Scholarship America had decided that it would no longer allow repayments by past recipients. The Tri-State Area Citizens' Scholarship Foundation chapter of Dollars for Scholars had, from its inception, required that past recipients repay their tuition awards. About half of the monies granted each year come from repayments, so negating that source of funding was unsupported by the board. This fundamental philosophical difference became the impetus for the chapter to disaffiliate and take on the new name of Tuition Mission Foundation. Funding and scholarships Tuition awards are funded by donations from area residents and former area residents; local businesses and clubs; investment income; and repayments from recipients who have graduated or discontinued their education. All tuition awards function essentially as interest-free loans. Applicants sign a pledge stating that upon graduating or discontinuing their education, they will repay their tuition award. Past recipients are expected to repay 1% of the total owed if it's $5,000 or less. They are expected to pay 0.5% of the total owed if it's greater than $5,000. Repayments are required on a monthly basis. Service area Students who reside within seven specific school districts in the tri-state area are eligible to apply. In eastern Ohio, these districts are Beaver Local, East Liverpool and Wellsville. In northern West Virginia, Tuition Mission serves the Oak Glen district (also known as the Hancock County district). In western Pennsylvania, districts served include Midland, South Side and Western Beaver. Tuition Mission also serves students who attend a number of tri-state area non-traditional schools such as Lincoln Park Performing Arts Charter School and the Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School, both in Midland, Pennsylvania, Quaker Digital Academy (headquartered in New Philadelphia, Ohio) and Buckeye Online School for Success and East Liverpool Christian School, both in East Liverpool. If enrolled in any of these non-traditional schools, applicants must reside in any of the seven school districts served by the foundation. External links Tuition Mission Foundation official website GuideStar by Candid guide to non-profit organizations Scholarships in the United States
"Rapp Snitch Knishes" is a song by British-American rapper MF Doom featuring rapper Mr. Fantastik, taken from the former's fifth studio album Mm..Food (2004). It uses an instrumental titled "Coffin Nails" produced by MF Doom himself (under the alias Metal Fingers), which contains a sample of David Matthews' rendition of "Space Oddity" by David Bowie. Background In an interview with XXL, MF Doom stated "At the time I wrote the song, I think I was with one of my boys and we stopped and got knishes that day. It's just something that resonated with me." He further explained: Words that rhyme with knish...any aspect of that, how it sounds, how it can match with something in society. So "rap snitch" and "knishes" kinda go together. So it was easy to find a title. The challenge was coming up with good enough references to make a song. Composition The production features a sped-up electric guitar riff, sampled from "Space Oddity", looping over a boom bap beat. Lyrically, it criticizes rappers who self-incriminate by rapping about crimes they committed in their own songs. Critical reception David Jeffries of AllMusic wrote, "Mr. Fantastik gives fakes a proper whooping on the excellent 'Rapp Snitch Knishes.'" Nick Sylvester of Pitchfork also praised Mr. Fantastik's performance, writing he "hardly embarrasses himself". Rapper Mos Def said of the song in a video conversation with HipHopDX, "This song needs to be out, and it needs to be a hit." Complex placed the song at number 22 on their list "The 50 Funniest Rap Songs". Paste ranked it number 12 in their list of "The 25 Best MF DOOM Songs". In other media In December 2018, author and veteran sportswriter Mike Lupica quoted lyrics from the song on The Beat with Ari Melber when talking about President Donald Trump's former National Security Advisor Michael Flynn, who had been involved in the Mueller special counsel investigation, telling Ari Melber (who often references hip hop lyrics during his show): "I was just going to tell you that I know what you were thinking about Michael Flynn today. It was the old MF Doom line: 'Snitches tellin' all their business / Sittin' in court and bein' their own star witness." Certifications References 2004 songs MF Doom songs
The 2015 Bulgarian Supercup was the 13th Bulgarian Supercup, an annual Bulgarian football match played between the winners of the previous season's A Football Group and Bulgarian Cup. The game was played between Cherno More Varna, who beat Levski Sofia to win the 2015 Bulgarian Cup Final, and Ludogorets Razgrad, champions of the 2014–15 A Group. This was Ludogorets's fourth Bulgarian Supercup appearance and Cherno More's first. Watched by a crowd of 3,600 at Lazur Stadium in Burgas, Cherno More won the match 1–0. Match details References 2015 Supercup PFC Cherno More Varna matches PFC Ludogorets Razgrad matches
"Dear Mama" is a song by 2Pac. Dear Mama may also refer to: Film and TV Dear Mama, 1984 Philippines film Snooky Serna, Julie Vega, Janice de Belen Dear Mama, 2016 VH1 Mothers Day honors event hosted by comedian Anthony Anderson, Mary J. Blige, Alicia Keys Dear Mama, 2023 American television documentary series about Tupac Shakur Music "Dear Mama" (B Flow song), a song from the 2016 album of the same name "Dear Mama" (Ai song), a song from Ai's 2013 album Moriagaro
Gho Manhasan is a town and a Municipal committee in Jammu district in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Geography Gho Manhasan is located at . It has an average elevation of 311 metres (1,020 feet). Demographics India census, Gho Manhasan had a population of 3944. Males constitute 53.5% of the population and females 46.5%. Gho Manhasan has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 63%. The local language primarily spoken in Gho Manhasan and nearby areas is Dogri. According to the 2011 census, 91.4% of the residents were Hindus, 7.9% were Sikhs and 0.6% were Christians. References Cities and towns in Jammu district
Hutchison Whampoa Property Group was the property development and investment arm of Hutchison Whampoa of Hong Kong. In 2015, the company was spun-out of Cheung Kong Holdings to form part of Cheung Kong Property Holdings. Hutchison Whampoa Properties Limited has since been renamed Hutchison Property Group Limited (和記地產集團有限公司). History The company was formerly Hutchison Properties Limited (HPL). HPL was incorporated in 1971, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Hutchison International Limited (HIL). Shortly afterwards, it became a listed company and acquired the major property interests of HIL and its trading subsidiaries. In 1980, HPL was privatized by Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL), making it once again a wholly owned subsidiary. In 1993, HWL formed Hutchison Whampoa Properties Limited to hold all the property interests of HWD, HPL and HWL's newly privatised subsidiary, CIHL. Properties Whampoa Garden Rambler Crest Cheung Kong Centre Provident Centre South Horizons Laguna City Caribbean Coast References External links Real estate companies established in 1971 Land developers of Hong Kong Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange CK Hutchison Holdings 1971 establishments in Hong Kong
```html <!-- (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at path_to_url --> <!-- boost-no-inspect --> <!-- HTML header for doxygen 1.8.9.1--> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "path_to_url"> <html xmlns="path_to_url"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml;charset=UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=9"/> <meta name="generator" content="Doxygen 1.8.11"/> <title>Boost.Hana: boost/hana/filter.hpp File Reference</title> <link href="tabs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="dynsections.js"></script> <link href="navtree.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="resize.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="navtreedata.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="navtree.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(initResizable); $(window).load(resizeHeight); </script> <link href="search/search.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="search/searchdata.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="search/search.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { init_search(); }); </script> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ extensions: ["tex2jax.js"], jax: ["input/TeX","output/HTML-CSS"], }); // (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at path_to_url MathJax.Hub.Config({ "HTML-CSS": { linebreaks: { automatic: true, width: "75% container" } } }); </script><script type="text/javascript" src="path_to_url"></script> <link href="doxygen.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- Additional javascript for drawing charts. --> <script type="text/javascript" src="highcharts.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="highcharts-data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="highcharts-exporting.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="chart.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="hana.js"></script> </head> <body> <div id="top"><!-- do not remove this div, it is closed by doxygen! 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Charles E. Bassett (October 30, 1847 – January 5, 1896) was a lawman and saloon owner in the American Old West in Dodge City. He was one of the founders of the Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, served as the first sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, as well as city marshal of Dodge City. His deputies included Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson. Early years Charles E. Bassett was born on October 30, 1847, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was the fourth of six children born to Benjamin and Julia (Norton) Bassett. Charlie was in his late teens when his parents separated, and he elected to live with his father in Philadelphia. Civil War record On February 14, 1865, Bassett enlisted in the Union Army at Frankford, Pennsylvania (now a part of Philadelphia). He received a $100 bounty for signing on for one year as a private in Company I of the 213th Pennsylvania Infantry, a volunteer regiment. Bassett was mustered out of his volunteer regiment in Washington, D.C., on November 18, 1865. He served a little more than nine months, not for the year he had signed. This was most likely the result of an Army cutback after Lee's surrender in April. Heading West Charles E. Bassett spent the period between late 1865 and early 1873 drifting around the West, serving various stints as a miner, bartender, and buffalo hunter. He was most likely in the neighborhood of what would become Dodge City, Kansas, when his father, Benjamin Bassett died in Philadelphia on January 2, 1872. Dodge City and the Long Branch Saloon Charlie Bassett opened the original Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City in late 1872 in partnership with Alfred J. Peacock. Eventually, Bassett and Peacock sold the Long Branch. The saloon changed hands several times until Luke Short became one of the owners. Short's partnership in the Long Branch would cause one of the high points of Bassett's life in 1883. Sheriff of Ford County, Kansas On June 5, 1873, the citizens of Ford County, Kansas, chose Bassett as their first sheriff. His headquarters were in Dodge City. Bassett was re-elected twice, serving until 1878. On September 18, 1877, Sam Bass and his gang robbed a Union Pacific train of $60,000 at Big Springs, Nebraska. The bandits were reported in Kansas and Sheriff Bassett went out after them. Bassett's posse included Bat Masterson and John Joshua Webb. The group was unsuccessful in their pursuit of the train robbers. By Kansas law, Bassett could not seek a third successive term as sheriff of Ford County. On November 6, 1877, Bat Masterson was elected sheriff of Ford County, replacing Bassett. One of his first acts was to appoint Bassett as his under-sheriff. Assistant Marshal of Dodge City In addition to serving as Bat Masterson's under-sheriff, Bassett was also serving as assistant city marshal under Bat's brother, City Marshal Edward J. Masterson. He was still serving as sheriff when he got the appointment during December, 1877. The Dodge City Times reported, "Sheriff Bassett has been appointed by Mayor [James H.] Kelley to assist Marshal [Edward J.] Masterson in preserving order and decorum in the city. Mr. Bassett has had thorough training and is a good man for the place." On January 27, 1878, Dave Rudabaugh and four others attempted to hold up a train at Kinsley, Kansas. On February 1, a posse led by Sheriff Bat Masterson captured two of the robbers - Dave Rudabaugh and Edgar West. Charlie Basset assisted his two bosses, Sheriff Bat Masterson and Marshal Ed Masterson, in the capture of two more of the train robbers right in Dodge City. Marshal of Dodge City Dodge City's most colorful and tragic year was 1878. The first tragedy was the murder of Marshal Ed Masterson by two Texans named Jack Wagner and Alfred Walker on April 9. After Ed Masterson's funeral, the Dodge City Council appointed Charlie Bassett as city marshal at a salary of $100 a month. On May 12, Wyatt Earp was appointed as Bassett's assistant marshal at a salary of $75 a month. On July 29, 1878, James "Spike" Kenedy (1855-1884), the son of the wealthy cattle baron Mifflin Kenedy (1818-1895) attempted to shoot Mayor James H. Kelley. He was stopped from doing so by Marshal Bassett. Kenedy paid his fine and court costs and left town. Within three weeks, the young Texan was back in Dodge and in trouble again. According to the court docket for August 17, 1878, Kenedy was again brought into court by Marshal Bassett. This time it was on a charge of being disorderly. After paying his fine, Kenedy was told by Marshal Bassett to get out of Dodge and stay out. The Killing of Dora Hand At 4:00 in the morning of October 4, 1878, Kenedy was back in Dodge and fired two shots through the front door of a small frame house usually occupied by Mayor Kelley. One of Kenedy's bullets killed a 34-year-old woman named Dora Hand. The Dodge City Times noted that "the pistol shot was intended for the male occupant of the bed ... who had been absent for several days. The bed however was occupied by the female lodger at the time of the shooting." A posse left Dodge City at 2:00 on the afternoon of October 4. Its members were Marshal Charles E. Bassett, Assistant Marshal Wyatt Earp, Bill Tilghman, Sheriff Bat Masterson, and Deputy Sheriff William Duffey. At 4:00 on the afternoon of October 5, the posse caught up with Kenedy at a location some 35 miles from Dodge. The possemen turned loose a volley on Kenedy. Three shots slammed into Kenedy's horse, while another shot, supposedly from a .50 caliber Sharp's, shattered Kenedy's left arm. Three weeks after the killing of Dora Hand, Kenedy was released for a supposed lack of incriminating evidence. Spike Kenedy returned to Texas to manage his father's 390,000-acre LaParra Ranch. He died from typhoid fever during December 1884. Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas On November 4, 1879, the Dodge City Council appointed James Masterson as city marshal, to replace Charlie Bassett, who had resigned. According to the local paper: "Ex-Sheriff Chas. E. Bassett, accompanied by Mysterious Dave [Mather] and two other prospectors, started out last week in search of 'greener fields and pastures new.' They went in a two-horse wagon, after the style in the days of 49." After unsuccessfully panning for gold in Colorado, Bassett and Mather drifted successively to New Mexico and Texas. Both men were in San Antonio during the early part of 1881. Mather remained in Texas for the next two years, but Bassett had grown homesick for Dodge City. His return to Dodge was noted by a local paper, which reported, "Charles E. Bassett, ex-sheriff of Ford County, and formerly city marshal of Dodge City - one of the old timers - arrived in the city last Tuesday after an absence of a year and a half. Charley looks as natural as life, wears good clothes, and says Texas is suffering from the dry weather." Kansas City Bassett did not remain in Dodge City for long. He moved on to Kansas City, Missouri, where he became manager of Webster and Hughes Marble Hall Saloon. The Kansas City Journal reported his arrival by noting, "Hon. C.E. Bassett, a well known cattle man of Kansas and Texas, returned to this city yesterday, after a brief stay in Dodge City. He will remain here for some time." On April 28, 1883, the celebrated "Dodge City War" broke out. Luke Short had been run out of Dodge and headed straight for Kansas City, where he looked up Charlie Bassett at the Marble Hall Saloon. Bassett quickly proceeded to re-establish Short in Dodge City. Quick to respond were Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson, along with several others. The Dodge City Peace Commission The bloodless Dodge City War ended with both sides reaching an agreement in early June 1883. To maintain the shaky truce, the Dodge City Peace Commission was formed, including Bassett. Bassett returned to Kansas City, where he opened the Senate Saloon and obtained the nickname "Senator". The venture was a failure and Bassett went to work as a bartender in an establishment he did not own. Final years Bassett suffered from inflammatory rheumatism during his final years. He went to Hot Springs, Arkansas, with the hope that the water would benefit his health, but he died there at age 48 on January 5, 1896. Bibliography DeMattos, Jack. "The Dodge Citians: Charles E. Bassett." Nola Quarterly (Vol. XIX, No. 4) October–December 1995. Miller, Nyle H. and Snell, Joseph W. Why the West Was Wild, Topeka: Kansas State Historical Society, 1963. Shillingberg, Wm. B. Dodge City: The Early Years, 1872-1886. Norman, OK: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 2009. References External links Charles Bassett Dodge City Shootout The Deaths of Levi Richardson and Frank Loving, by Roger Myers, Ford County Historical Soc., Dodge City, KS Kansas sheriffs American town marshals Lawmen of the American Old West 1847 births 1896 deaths People from New Bedford, Massachusetts People from Dodge City, Kansas Saloonkeepers Union Army soldiers
Voznesensk Raion () is a raion (district) in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the town of Voznesensk. Population: History In 1923, uyezds in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic were abolished, and the governorates were divided into okruhas. In 1923, Voznesensk Raion with the administrative center located in Voznesensk was established. It belonged to Mykolaiv Okruha of Odessa Governorate. In 1925, the governorates were abolished, and okruhas were directly subordinated to Ukrainian SSR. In 1930, okruhas were abolished, and on 27 February 1932, Odessa Oblast was established, and Voznesensk Raion was included into Odessa Oblast. In 1944, Voznesensk Raion was transferred to Mykolaiv Oblast. In 1975, Voznesensk became the city of oblast significance. On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast was reduced to four, and the area of Voznesensk Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Bratske, Domanivka, Veselynove, and Yelanets Raions, as well as the cities of Voznesensk and Yuzhnoukrainsk, which were previously incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to any raion, were merged into Voznesensk Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was Subdivisions Current After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 13 hromadas: Bratske settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Bratske, transferred from Bratske Raion; Domanivka settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Domanivka, transferred from Domanivka Raion; Buzke rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Buzke, retained from Voznesensk Raion; Doroshivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Doroshivka, retained from Voznesensk Raion; Mostove rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Mostove, transferred from Domanivka Raion; Novomarivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Novomarivka, transferred from Bratske Raion; Oleksandrivka settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Oleksandrivka, retained from Voznesensk Raion; Prybuzhany rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Prybuzhany, retained from Voznesensk Raion; Prybuzhzhia rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Prybuzhzhia, transferred from Domanivka Raion; Veselynove settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Veselynove, transferred from Veselynove Raion; Voznesensk urban hromada with the administration in the city of Voznesensk, transferred from the city of oblast significance of Voznesensk; Yelanets settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Yelanets, transferred from Yelanets Raion; Yuzhnoukrainsk urban hromada with the administration in the city of Yuzhnoukrainsk, transferred from the city of oblast significance of Yuzhnoukrainsk. Before 2020 Before the 2020 reform, the raion consisted of four hromadas, Buzke rural hromada with the administration in Buzke; Doroshivka rural hromada with the administration in Doroshivka; Oleksandrivka settlement hromada with the administration in Oleksandrivka; Prybuzhany rural hromada with the administration in Prybuzhany. References Raions of Mykolaiv Oblast 1923 establishments in Ukraine States and territories established in 1923
The 11th Panchen Lama controversy centers on the 28 year-long enforced disappearance of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima and on the recognition of the 11th Kunsik Panchen Lama. The Panchen Lama is considered the second most important spiritual leader in Tibetan Buddhism after the Dalai Lama. Following the death of the 10th Panchen Lama, the 14th Dalai Lama recognized Gedhun Choekyi Nyima in 1995. Three days later, the People's Republic of China (PRC) abducted the Panchen Lama and his family. Months later, the PRC chose Gyaincain Norbu as its proxy Panchen Lama. During the traditional search process led by Chadrel Rinpoche, he indicated to the Dalai Lama that all signs pointed to Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, while the Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas recognize each other's incarnations. The PRC had established its own search committee, which included Chatral Rinpoche and other monks, and wanted to use a lottery system referred to as the Golden Urn. Neither Gedhun Choekyi Nyima nor his family have been seen since the abduction. Chatral Rinpoche was also arrested by Chinese authorities the day of the abduction. Recognition and abduction Before his death, the 10th Panchen Lama, Choekyi Gyaltsen, had been held for 15 years as a political prisoner of China, and after his release wrote the 70,000 Character Petition to Mao Zedong on 18 May 1962. The Petition assessed China's occupation of Tibet, expressed a list of grievances of Tibetans, and claimed that China's "use of routine propaganda regarding revolution, liberation, democratic reform and the so-called 'socialist paradise' was "pure deception"." He again was critical of Chinese policies in Tibet five days before his death on 28 January 1989, and Tibetans intensified the ongoing protests afterwards. As a Tibetan search process began, the Chinese state-run CCTV network states that three days after the death of the 10th Panchen Lama, the Premier of the State Council published its decision on how the 11th Panchen Lama would be selected based on the feedback gathered from the committee of Tashi Lhunpo Monastery and monks on 30 January 1989. Many Tibetans would not consider the 11th Panchen Lama incarnation legitimate unless he were identified according to Tibetan traditional means, including a search by the 10th Panchen Lama's closest Khenpos based on dreams and omens, and a formal recognition by the Dalai Lama. Often, the Nechung Oracle was also consulted. By 1994, five years after the death of the 10th Panchen Lama, ordinarily, the 11th Panchen Lama would have already been identified. The Nechung Oracle in Dharamsala had been consulted on the matter. The leaders of the Chinese government wanted a process under their authority. Beijing planned to use a group of monks to identify a group of candidates, not only one, and then to use the golden urn to randomly select one of them, and to exclude the Dalai Lama from the process altogether. Beijing later allowed Tashi Lhunpo Monastery's head Khenpo Chadrel Rinpoche, the head of the search team, to communicate with the Dalai Lama in hopes that a mutually acceptable process and candidate could be accomplished. In March 1995, Chinese government officials proposed drawing a name from three to five slips in the urn. On 14 May 1995, the Dalai Lama preempted the officials' drawing of names by publicly recognizing Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the 11th Panchen Lama. On 17 May, the Chinese government abducted the recognized Panchen Lama. Then in November 1995 they selected a different boy, Gyaincain Norbu, using the golden urn lottery system. This decision was immediately denounced by the Dalai Lama. China continues to detain Gedhun Choekyi Nyima and his family in a place whose location has not been divulged to the public. Chadrel Rinpoche, the Panchen Lama's senior Khenpo, was arrested at the Chamdo Airport while returning from Beijing, on 14 May 1995. Two years later on 8 May 1997, Chadrel Rinpoche was sentenced to six years in prison for splittism and betraying state secrets. He was then incarcerated in China, re-incarcerated under house arrest in a Chinese military camp near Lhasa, and the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization reports he died of poisoning in 2011. The Dalai Lama has denounced China by saying "the person who reincarnates has sole legitimate authority over where and how he or she takes rebirth and how that reincarnation is to be recognized." "It is a reality that no one else can force the person concerned, or manipulate him or her," "It is particularly inappropriate for Chinese communists, who explicitly reject even the idea of past and future lives, let alone the concept of reincarnate Tulkus, to meddle in the system of reincarnation and especially the reincarnations of the Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas." Recent developments In April 2019, U.S. Congressman Jim McGovern said the Panchen Lama "will mark his 30th birthday as one of the world's longest-held prisoners of conscience", and referred to his enforced disappearance as a violation of the religious freedom of Tibetan Buddhists while also stating that the alternative Panchen Lama has been victimized by China as "a consequence of its policies to undermine and control the Tibetan people." Earlier on 26 April 2018, the U.S. State Department issued a statement, "On April 25, we marked the birthday of the 11th Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, who has not appeared in public since he was reportedly abducted two decades ago by the Chinese government at age six." The statement also called for the immediate release of the 11th Panchen Lama. As of 2020, the Panchen Lama has been held as a political prisoner for 25 years. Five United Nations committees have opened cases, while numerous governments, including the European Parliament, Canada, U.K., and U.S. have called for China to release the 11th Panchen Lama. An April 2020 joint petition prepared by 159 organizations spanning 18 countries requests the United Nations to pressure China for the Panchen Lama's release, as well as the release of his family. In May 2020, CNN reports that the Central Tibetan Administration stated, "China's abduction of the Panchen Lama and forcible denial of his religious identity and the right to practice in his monastery is not only a violation of religious freedom but also a gross violation of human rights." References Citations Sources Goldstein, Melvyn C. The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama (1997) University of California Press. Hilton, Elizabeth. The Search for the Panchen Lama (2000) W. W. Norton & Company. Kuzmin S.L. Management as a tool of destruction. Reincarnation of "Living Buddhas" in modern Chinese legislation. – The Tibet Journal, vol. 42, no 1, pp. 37-48. Panchen Lamas Controversies in Tibet Political controversies Tibetan Buddhism-related controversies
In mathematics, Bloch function may refer to: Named after Swiss physicist Felix Bloch a periodic function which appears in the solution of the Schrödinger equation with periodic potential; see Bloch's theorem. Named after French mathematician André Bloch an analytic function in the unit disc which is an element of the Bloch space.
Leucosyrinx sansibarica is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids. References 1925. Gastropoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. In:. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition II. Teil, vol. 17, No. 2, Gutstav Fischer, Berlin. External links sansibarica Gastropods described in 1925
Fusitheca was a genus of land plant with branching axes. It is known from charcoalified Early Devonian deposits, its type locality being the Brown Clee Hill lagerstätten. Its spores form smooth-walled, unfused, naked dyads. Its axis comprises length-parallel filaments, and their dichotomies are T-shaped, with the branches bending to continue upwards. References Early Devonian plants Prehistoric plant genera
Șuri is a commune in Drochia District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Șuri and Șurii Noi. At the 2004 census, the commune had 4,614 inhabitants. References Communes of Drochia District
The Goričko Natural Park () was established on 9 October 2003 and is an integral part of the trilateral Goričko–Örseg–Raab Natural Park. It covers an area of , which means that it is the second largest nature park in Slovenia. This is the most central European region in Slovenia, where Dinaric, Mediterranean, and Alpine influences are almost not felt. The hills that the Goričko region was named after were created by the Pannonian Sea. The terrain rises slightly to the north. It is a hillocky landscape overgrown by trees. There are many marshes and wet meadows, although it is the most arid Slovenia region, with an annual rainfall of only approximately . Flora and fauna Goričko still preserves many natural conditions. Evidence of this is the best preserved population of otters (Lutra lutra) in Slovenia. With extensive water networks as well as standing bodies of water, such as lakes, ponds, and marshes, favorable living conditions for the species are increasing. The best-preserved natural ecosystems are the oak forests, the habitat of several rare species, including the oak beetle (Cerambyx cerdo) and the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus). The local red deer (Cervus elaphus) is the only native population of deer in Slovenia that avoided extermination in the 19th century. The forests are also home to the hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius). This is a rare relative of the edible dormouse. See also Protected areas of Slovenia References External links Krajinski park Goričko, Slovenija Gorička informativna stran Landscape parks in Slovenia
Fever Breaks is the tenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Josh Ritter. The album was released on April 26, 2019, by Pytheas Recordings. Composition Ritter tapped American singer-songwriter Jason Isbell to produce Fever Breaks, as well as Isbell's band The 400 Unit on instrumental support. Isbell's wife and collaborator Amanda Shires also provided input on the album process. Ritter, who previously avoided writing songs about the political climate, said, "I thought I could turn my face away and write love songs, but all I could see was the world in flames." Release On January 29, 2019, Ritter announced that his tenth album, Fever Breaks would be released on April 26 via Pytheas. Accompanying the album announcement was the first single release, "Old Black Magic." Critical reception Fever Breaks was released to a generally positive critical reception. Review aggregator website Metacritic assigned the album an average score of 75, indicating "generally favorable reviews." Rolling Stone, which rated the album three and a half stars out of five, said that, while the album "blazes no new emotional or musical ground," it "feels like a vital career summation, a survey course sampler in a word-swilling artist's narrative gifts and endearing empathy." NPR, similarly, praised the way in which Ritter "tweaks and further reinvigorates a sound and songwriting approach that's lost none of its vitality or urgency in 20 years." Comparisons were drawn to Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen on tracks "The Torch Committee," "Old Black Magic," and "Ground Don't Want Me," while "Losing Battles" bore comparisons to Crazy Horse. Many reviews praised Isbell's production. The Line of Best Fit said that Isbell and his band give "Ritter's material a whole lot of muscle and bite in places," while The Irish Times, giving the album three stars out of five, noted that Isbell contributed to "a tougher framework around this latest batch of Ritter's songs." James Christopher Monger of Allmusic said that the 400 Unit provided "soaring harmonies and some truly emotive violin work," which added "considerable sonic heft to the proceedings." Track listing Charts References 2019 albums Josh Ritter albums
Round Hill Pit, Aldeburgh is a geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Aldeburgh in Suffolk. It is a Geological Conservation Review site, and it is in the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. This site has a 2.5 metre exposure of rocks dating to the Coralline Crag Formation of the early Pliocene, around five million years ago. It has many horizontal burrows, and is unusual because it has fossils in aragonite, which rarely survive because this mineral is soluble in water. the site is on private land with no public access. References Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Suffolk Geological Conservation Review sites Aldeburgh
Jacques Auxiette (3 December 1940 – 10 December 2021) was a French politician, and was the Regional Council President for the Pays de la Loire region in France. Auxiette was president between 2004 and 2015, and was re-elected to the office in the March 2010 council elections. He was a member of the Socialist Party. He was one of the strongest opponents of the reunification of Loire-Atlantique to its historical region, Brittany. References 1940 births 2021 deaths Presidents of the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire Members of the Regional Council of Pays de la Loire Socialist Party (France) politicians People from Indre Politicians from Centre-Val de Loire Mayors of places in Pays de la Loire University of Clermont-Ferrand alumni
Struttin' is the third studio album by the funk group The Meters. It is the band's first album featuring vocal performances. Background The album was recorded in Cosimo Matassa's studio and released in 1970 by Josie Records. It is the band's first album featuring full vocal performances by Art Neville on three tracks, "Wichita Lineman", "Darling, Darling, Darling" and "Ride Your Pony". Reception Stephen Erlewine noted a continuation of the band's sound in comparison to previous albums and called it "organic, earthy funk". He noted a stylistic divergence in tracks "Joog", "Hand Clapping Song" and the vocal tracks. He called the music enjoyable but noted a lack of coherence in the song collection. Robert Christgau had a favorable view and wrote of the band's style: "The New Orleans M.G.'s swing, but not smoothly, the way a big band does--their Caribbean lilt is pure second-line, as elliptical as a saint's march." The first single was the song "Chicken Strut". It reached #11 on the U.S. R&B Singles chart and the album reached #32 on the U.S. R&B Albums chart. Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from AllMusic and Discogs. The Meters Art Neville – organ, keyboards, vocals Leo Nocentelli – guitar George Porter Jr. – bass guitar Ziggy Modeliste – drums, percussion Production Allen Toussaint – producer Marshall Sehorn – producer Tim Livingston – project manager David Smith – recording and mixing engineer Bob Irwin – mastering Rich Russell – package design References External links Struttin' at discogs 1970 albums The Meters albums Albums produced by Allen Toussaint Josie Records albums
United Abstainers Football Club was a football club from Crosshill in Glasgow. History The club, sometimes referred to as the United Abstainers Athletic Club, was formed by William Shanks, agent and collector for the Scottish Temperance League. Although the club was nicknamed the Teetotallers, the players were not complete abstainers; their refreshment of choice at at least one game was noted as being stout. The Abstainers joined the Scottish Football Association and the Glasgow Football Association for the 1887–88 season. The club's first competitive fixture, in the first round of the 1887–88 Scottish Cup, was a 4–1 defeat at Pollokshields Athletic. In 1888–89 however the team caused "a bit of a surprise" by getting revenge against a "strong" Pollokshields in the first round, beating the Athletics 2–1 at Victoria Park, the winning goal coming about ten minutes from time.In the second round however Battlefield F.C. swept the Abstainers aside, scoring 5 in the first half and 6 in the second, without reply. The club lost in the first round of the Scottish Cup in the next two seasons, 6–2 at Rangers F.C. in 1889–90 (managing to hold the home side to 3–2 in the first half) and 11–0 at Burnbank Swifts F.C. in 1890–91. After qualifying rounds were introduced, the Abstainers entered for the next three seasons, but, drawn once against Glasgow University F.C. and twice against Battlefield in the first stage, withdrew every time before playing. The club could not even muster one win in the Glasgow Cup. Its first match in the competition in 1887 was a 10–0 defeat at home to Shettleston F.C., being 1–0 down after four minutes and 4–0 down after a quarter of an hour. After first round defeats by both Rangers and Celtic F.C. in the next two seasons, the club scratched from its last four entries. The last references to the club in the media relate to its being drawn against Pollokshaws F.C. in the Glasgow Cup in 1893. Colours The club played in blue and gold vertical stripes, with white shorts. Ground The club's home ground was Victoria Park in Crosshill. References Defunct football clubs in Scotland Association football clubs established in 1887 Association football clubs disestablished in 1893 Football clubs in Glasgow 1887 establishments in Scotland 1893 disestablishments in Scotland Govanhill and Crosshill
Selective may refer to: Selective school, a school that admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria Selective school (New South Wales) Selective strength: the human body transitions between being weak and strong. This ranges depending on the initial strength of the person. On some days for example you may be able to lift a heavy weight or open a difficult jar/bottle but in another day you won’t be able to do these things. See also Selective breeding, the process of breeding for specific traits Selection (disambiguation) Selectivity (disambiguation)
Róbson Michael Signorini (born 10 November 1987), commonly known as Robinho, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Paysandu. Career Robson was formed in the basic categories of International and further excel in Mogi Mirim in 2008, where he was the top scorer of the second division team in São Paulo, Robson hit three-year contract with Santos. It also is nicknamed Robinho but prefers to be called Robson. In December 2009, agreed with your Avai release was a condition of hiring Marquinhos by Santos. After a one-year loan to Avaí, Robson returned to Santos in January 2011. On 4 February 2011, Robson signed a pre-contract with Avaí, and the contract runs out in May, when the player's contract with Santos end. He left Santos to play as a regular starter for Avaí on 3 May 2011. On 12 January 2015, Robinho was signed by Palmeiras. Career statistics Honours Club Avaí Campeonato Catarinense: 2010, 2012 Coritiba Campeonato Paranaense: 2013 Palmeiras Copa do Brasil: 2015 Individual Campeonato Paulista Team of the year: 2015 References External links 1987 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players Santos FC players Avaí FC players Coritiba Foot Ball Club players Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players Cruzeiro Esporte Clube players Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense players Paysandu Sport Club players Footballers from Paraná (state) People from Marialva
The Exposition internationale de la technique de l'eau de 1939 was the third specialized exposition recognized by the Bureau International des Expositions. In 1936 Georges Truffaut proposed an exposition to celebrate the completion of the Albert Canal. The exposition's theme was water management and opened on 20 May 1939 by King Leopold III of Belgium. The canal itself was opened on 30 July 1939. The exposition was situated on 70 hectares of land and 30 hectares of water on both riverbanks between the Albert Canal and the Atlas Bridge. On the site were exhibition halls, restaurants, attractions and a Meuse village with replicas of buildings from the Meuse valley. A part of the site was on land reclaimed from an unnavigable part of the Meuse. An aerial cableway provided a panoramic view over the site. The exposition was scheduled to run until November 1939, but on 31 August explosives under the Val Benoit Bridge and the Ougrée Bridge were detonated by lightning, resulting in 20 fatalities and 24 injured. The explosives were placed by the Belgian Army to destroy the bridges in case of war. When World War II started the next day it was decided to close the exposition immediately. Pavilions Germany The German pavilion was similar to the one in Paris two years before. The pavilion, on the left riverbank was designed by architect Emil Fahrenkamp. Nazi Germany didn't want to spend money outside Germany. The building materials and equipment were imported from Germany and had to be transported from the Belgian-German border 35 km east of Liège. Every morning the contractors and engineers were transported from Germany by bus or lorry to the site in Liège. The whole column returned to Germany in the evening. France The French contribution consisted of three exhibition halls on the right riverbank. The buildings designed by Allix had a surface of 8000 m2. References External links Official website of the BIE 1939 in Belgium World's fairs in Liège
Vali Maleki () is an Iranian politician and food industry engineer. He was born in Meshginshahr, Ardabil province. He was a member of the seventh legislative election and Maleki is MP of tenth Islamic Consultative Assembly from the electorate of Meshginshahr. References Living people 1961 births Deputies of Meshginshahr People from Meshginshahr Members of the 7th Islamic Consultative Assembly Members of the 10th Islamic Consultative Assembly University of Tabriz alumni Executives of Construction Party politicians
Domino Foods, Inc. (also known as DFI and formerly known as W. & F.C. Havemeyer Company, Havemeyer, Townsend & Co. Refinery, and Domino Sugar) is a privately held sugar marketing and sales company based in Yonkers, New York, United States, that sells products produced by its manufacturing members. DFI distributes sugar to retailers under four brand names across the U.S: Domino, C&H, Florida Crystals, and Redpath. Its namesake product, the Domino Sugar brand name, whose products are generally sold in two-tone packaging (white on top, yellow on bottom) with blue labeling text, is the best known. Domino Foods is the largest sugar company in the United States. Domino Sugar has been a renowned brand in the United States east coast markets for more than 100 years. The brand name, Domino, was officially adopted in 1901 by a New York–based sugar company. Later, the distinctive yellow bags of Domino Sugar became the highly recognizable packaging of granulated sugar. In recent years, the brand has expanded its portfolio of all-natural sweeteners to include agave nectar. Domino Foods owns three major U.S. refineries, located in Yonkers, New York; Baltimore, Maryland; and Chalmette, Louisiana, with a combined production capacity of 2.2 million metric tons of sugar per year. History In 1799, William Havemeyer, who had been an apprentice of a London sugar refiner, was hired by Edmund Seaman to manage his sugar refinery in New York City. His brother, Frederick Havemeyer, joined him in 1802. In 1807, the brothers opened their own sugar refining business called W. & F.C. Havemeyer Company on Vandam Street. In 1859, the business moved to the waterfront in Williamsburg, and changed its name to the Havemeyer, Townsend & Co. Refinery. The company processed slave-grown sugar canes. By 1864, the refinery was the most modern of its time. After a fire destroyed the refinery in 1882, the current plant was rebuilt and was the largest sugar refinery in the United States. After the Sugar Trust was ruled illegal in 1891, Henry Osborne Havemeyer and Theodore A. Havemeyer were elected as chairman and president, respectively, of the American Sugar Refining Company. In May 1896, American Sugar became one of the original 12 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company subsequently acquired five additional sugar refineries and changed its official name to "Domino Sugar" in 1900; the name change was officially recognized by the patent office on October 8, 1901. In 1916, Domino introduced individually wrapped sugar tablets. In 1970, the American Sugar Company was renamed "The Amstar Corporation". In 1975, Amstar sued pizza chain Domino's Pizza for trademark infringement; Amstar won at trial but lost on appeal. Amstar was acquired by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts in 1983; KKR sold Amstar to Merrill Lynch three years later. Domino Sugar was acquired by British company Tate & Lyle in 1988. In 2001, Domino Sugar officially changed its name to Domino Foods, Inc. The same year, Domino Foods was sold by Tate & Lyle to American Sugar Refining (owned by the Florida Crystals Corporation) and the Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida in a $180 million deal that was closed on November 6, 2001. Florida Crystals, a privately held company, is part of FLO-SUN, a sugar empire of the Fanjul Brothers whose origins trace to Spanish-Cuban sugar plantations of the early 19th century. In 2009, Domino had its Domino Granulated Sugar and Florida Crystals brands certified as carbon neutral by the Carbonfund.org Foundation. It began including the foundation's CarbonFree partner logo on product packaging. The certification involved carbon offsets as well as changes to the production process. Some commentators noted in response that it was chemically impossible for sucrose () to be free of carbon. The company issued a statement to clarify that "CarbonFree" referred to the production process rather than the product itself, and was not the same as the phrase "carbon free". In 2012, Two Trees bought the Domino Sugar Refinery site in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York, for $185 million. In October 2014, several of the buildings at the site were demolished, including the Syrup Shed, the Wash House, the Turbine Room, the Power House, and the Pump House. As of 2023, construction is ongoing to redevelop the refinery into a mixed-use development containing office space, commercial space, residential towers, and parkland. References Additional references External links Sugar companies of the United States Food production companies based in New York City Companies based in Brooklyn American companies established in 1807 Food and drink companies established in 1807 1807 establishments in New York (state) Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average 2001 mergers and acquisitions
is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Kawasaki Frontale and the Japan national team. Club career Wakizawa was already in Kawasaki Frontale U-18 team, but he attended Hannan University before joining back Kawasaki for 2018 season, debuting in the AFC Champions League. International career He made his debut for Japan national football team on 25 March 2021 in a friendly against South Korea. Career statistics . Honours Club Kawasaki Frontale J1 League: 2018, 2020, 2021 Emperor's Cup: 2020 J.League Cup: 2019 Japanese Super Cup: 2019, 2021 International EAFF Championship: 2022 Individual J.League Best XI: 2021, 2022 References External links Profile at Kawasaki Frontale 1995 births Living people Hannan University alumni Association football people from Kanagawa Prefecture Japanese men's footballers Japan men's international footballers J1 League players Kawasaki Frontale players Men's association football midfielders
The Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) is a research and development center with primary focus on Earth science research and technology to enhance understanding of the atmosphere of Earth, the other planets in the Solar System, and the cosmos. SSEC is part of the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Graduate School. Major SSEC initiatives Atmospheric studies of Earth and other planets Interactive computing, data access, and image processing Spaceflight hardware development and fabrication See also Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) McIDAS Vis5D Cave5D VisAD National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) External links Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences Library @ Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) University of Wisconsin–Madison
Kellie's Castle (sometimes also called Kellie's Folly) is a castle located in Batu Gajah, Kinta District, Perak, Malaysia. The unfinished, ruined mansion, was built by a Scottish planter named William Kellie-Smith. According to differing accounts, it was either a gift for his wife or a home for his son. Kellie's Castle is situated beside the Raya River (Sungai Raya), which is a small creek to the Kinta River. Background William Kellie-Smith (1870–1926) was born in 1870 in Kellas, Moray Firth, Scotland. In 1890, at the age of 20, he arrived in Malaya as a civil engineer. He joined Charles Alma Baker's survey firm, who had won concessions from the state government to clear 9,000 hectares of forests in Batu Gajah, Perak. With the substantial profits made from his business venture with Baker, Kellie-Smith bought 1,000 acres (405 ha) of jungle land in the district of Kinta and started planting rubber trees and dabbled in the tin mining industry. In time, he named his estate "Kinta Kellas" after his home farm "Easter Kellas". Kellie-Smith went on to own the Kinta Kellas Tin Dredging Company as well. With his fortune made, he returned home to marry his Scottish sweetheart, Agnes, and brought her over to Malaya in 1903. They had a daughter named Helen the following year. History Construction on a mansion started in 1910 called the Kellas House, which would eventually become the castle. With the birth of Kellie-Smith's son in 1915, he started planning for a huge castle with Moorish, Indo-Saracenic and Roman designs. Kellie-Smith brought in 70 craftsmen from Madras, India. All the bricks and marble were imported from India too. Included in the plan was a four-floored building with 14 rooms and an elevator (Malaya's first), it also included underground tunnels, secret rooms, a tennis court, a wine celler and hidden stairways. Also, the bricks and tiles made for the castle were brought from India. During construction, a virulent strain of Spanish flu struck his workmen in 1918. When his workmen approached him to build a temple nearby, Kellie-Smith readily agreed. In return for his generosity, they built a statue of him beside the other deities on the lord murugan temple wall. It is believed that a tunnel was built to the temple from the castle. Descendants of the Tamil labourers brought over to Malaya to work on the mansion still live nearby. William Kellie-Smith died at the age of 56 of pneumonia during a short trip to Lisbon, Portugal in 1926. William's wife was devastated and decided to move back to Scotland; construction on the castle was never completed by the workers and the castle was left abandoned in the jungle. In the end, Kellas House, later known as "Kellie's Folly" or "Kellie's Castle," was sold to a British company called Harrisons and Crosfield. Kellie's Castle is now a popular local tourist attraction. It was used as a setting in the 1999 film Anna and the King and 2001 film Skyline Cruisers. The castle saw recent developments to its physical condition for the comfort of its tourists, a restaurant was also made across the river opposite the castle. During school holidays, the castle would have as much as 500 to 700 people visiting daily. In 2015, Kellie's Castle was the site of the first ever 24-hour comic challenge in a castle. A collaboration between Port Ipoh and the Malaysian Comic Activist Society (PEKOMIK) and Malaysian Animation Society (ANIMAS), the event took place on 21–22 March 2015 and was claimed as the "scariest" 24 hour comics challenge. See also List of tourist attractions in Perak References External links Tourism Malaysia - Kellie's Castle Kellie's Castle, Perak at Journey Malaysia Cameron Highlands Malaysia - Kellie's Castle A documentary video about Kellies Castle at TourMalaysia.com Kellies Castle at TraveltoPerak.com Ipoh City Attration - Kellies Castle at ipoh-city.com 1910 establishments in British Malaya Buildings and structures in Perak Kinta District Unfinished castles Houses in Malaysia Tourist attractions in Perak
Mustapha Oluwatosin Olagunju (born 1 January 2002) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for club Ebbsfleet United, on loan from club Huddersfield Town. He has also played on loan for Tadcaster Albion, Welling United and Port Vale. Career Born in Plumstead, London, Olagunju started his football career at the XYZ Academy, before moving to Kent Football United and then Huddersfield Town after impressing the "Terriers" in a trial game against Barnsley. He joined Huddersfield as an attacking midfielder but was converted to playing at centre-back under the stewardship of Leigh Bromby and Emyr Humphreys. He was promoted into Dean Whitehead's U19 team after starting 31 games for the U17 side. He turned professional at the club in August 2019, signing a two-year contract. Manager Danny Cowley invited him to train with the first-team at a camp in Dubai in November 2019. On 10 January 2020, he moved to Tadcaster Albion of the Northern Premier League Division One West on a one-month loan to gain first team experience. He started two games for the "Brewers". He joined Welling United on loan on 30 October 2020, along with Jaheim Headley. He made his National League South debut the next day in a 2–1 defeat at Eastbourne Borough. He played a total of seven games for the "Wings". Olagunju made his senior debut for Huddersfield Town on 9 January 2021, when he started in their 3–2 FA Cup Third Round defeat to Plymouth Argyle at Kirklees Stadium after manager Carlos Corberán rested all 11 players who started the previous Championship fixture. He was booked in the fifth minute and substituted after 77 minutes. On 1 February 2021, he joined League Two side Port Vale on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season. He made his EFL debut on 20 February, in a 1–1 draw at Leyton Orient, and manager Darrell Clarke said that "he did all right". In April 2021, he signed a new contract at Huddersfield Town to keep him at the club until June 2024. However he sustained a major knee injury – a complicated fracture to his kneecap – in July 2021 and spent the following 20 months in recovery. He played a reserve team game in February 2023, stating after the match that "I have to keep building on that and keep improving as I get back in touch with the game". On 24 October 2023, he joined National League side Ebbsfleet United on a three-month loan deal. Style of play Olagunju is an aggressive centre-back who plays on the front-foot and is comfortable in possession. Personal life Born in England, Olagunju is of Nigerian descent. Career statistics References 2002 births Living people Footballers from Greater London English men's footballers English sportspeople of Nigerian descent Black British sportsmen Men's association football midfielders Kent Football United F.C. players Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players Tadcaster Albion A.F.C. players Port Vale F.C. players Welling United F.C. players Ebbsfleet United F.C. players Northern Premier League players National League (English football) players English Football League players
The Periprava labor camp was a labor camp operated by the Romanian communist regime, part of the Brăila Pond labor camps. The camp, located near the village of Periprava in the Danube Delta, held up to 2,000 prisoners. According to a study done by the International Centre for Studies into Communism, 8.23% of political prisoners in Communist Romania did time at Periprava. In the literature on communist prisons and camps in Romania, the Periprava labor camp is described as one of the harshest places of imprisonment. In view of the extremely severe detention and work regime, sheer terror, and high mortality, the camp is known among former detainees as a true "death camp". The labor camp The main facility of the labor camp was next to Periprava village; other detention facilities in the area were at Sfiștofca, Grindu, Letea, C. A. Rosetti, and on ferries. In the early 1950s, Periprava was a section of the Chilia Formation; it became an independent prison on July 1, 1957. The official designation for the camp was Facility 0830 (Formațiunea 0830). Exposed to scorching heat and mosquito swarms in the summer and icy winds in the winter, the prisoners lived in brick-walled, 24 m2 pens that held up to 160 men each. They spent their days cutting reeds and building dams; those who were unable to fulfill the daily quota of 8 thick bundles of reeds were beat unconscious by guards wielding rubber clubs. According to testimony in 2013 by Andrei Muraru, then head of the Institute for the Investigation of Communist Crimes in Romania, this "was an extermination camp; it was a repressive, excessive, inhuman and discretionary regime." Detainees were overworked, beaten, left without heat, and forced to drink dirty water from the Danube, leading to widespread dysentery. Also according to Muraru, now an adviser to President Klaus Iohannis, the inmates were subjected to a "diabolic program of extermination through exhausting work, hunger and physical torture." The youngest inmate to die at Periprava was 19 and the oldest 71. The deaths were due to exhaustion, hunger, cold, and torture; some of the detainees were shot as they attempted to escape the camp. At least 124 prisoners, most of them political ones, are believed to have died in the Periprava labor camp. The detainees Periprava was one of the places of detention of Romanian writer Florin Pavlovici, described by him in his memoirs. Another writer who was imprisoned at Periprava was Mihai Rădulescu. Actor Mitică Popescu spent 3 months on forced labor at Periprava. Most of the prisoners were young, having been arrested after the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the ensuing student protests in Bucharest (many of the older politicians had been already exterminated by then at Sighet, Aiud, and other prisons). According to Pavlovici, many of the detainees were peasants who had resisted the collectivization of agriculture imposed by the communist authorities in the 1950s. Among them were 30–40 men from Răstoaca who had attacked a convoy of Party members (which included Nicolae Ceaușescu) that had come to convince the locals to join in the collectivization effort. The camp commander Ioan Ficior was the commander of the camp from 1958 to 1963. In September 2013, he was indicted for genocide before the High Court of Cassation and Justice in Bucharest. Ficior was convicted in March 2017 for crimes against humanity, and sentenced to 20 years in prison for the deaths of 103 political inmates at Periprava; he died at Jilava Prison in September 2018, at age 90. Aftermath In 2018, teams of historians and archaeologists were searching for the remains of prisoners from the former Periprava labor camp who were either executed or died from a lack of medical care. Investigators have found skeletons of former prisoners who appeared to have been dumped naked into unmarked mass graves; their clothing was retained by the administration of the camp. As of 2019, 40 human remains have been discovered at Periprava; plans call for DNA testing and identification of the victims. According to Marius Oprea, 51 unmarked graves of prisoners who died at the Periprava labor camp have been identified as of June 2020. By September 2020, the remains of 54 political detainees had been uncovered at Periprava; by August 2022, the number had increased to 71. References Socialist Republic of Romania Human rights abuses Buildings and structures in Tulcea County Defunct prisons in Romania Political repression in Romania 1963 disestablishments in Romania 1958 establishments in Romania Penal labour
```c++ #include <Storages/ReadInOrderOptimizer.h> #include <Core/Settings.h> #include <Interpreters/ExpressionActions.h> #include <Interpreters/ExpressionAnalyzer.h> #include <Interpreters/TreeRewriter.h> #include <Interpreters/replaceAliasColumnsInQuery.h> #include <Functions/IFunction.h> #include <Functions/FunctionFactory.h> #include <Interpreters/TableJoin.h> #include <Interpreters/Context.h> #include <Parsers/ASTSelectQuery.h> #include <Parsers/ASTFunction.h> #include <Parsers/ASTIdentifier.h> namespace DB { namespace ErrorCodes { extern const int LOGICAL_ERROR; } namespace { /// Finds expression like x = 'y' or f(x) = 'y', /// where `x` is identifier, 'y' is literal and `f` is injective functions. ASTPtr getFixedPoint(const ASTPtr & ast, const ContextPtr & context) { const auto * func = ast->as<ASTFunction>(); if (!func \|\| func->name != "equals") return nullptr; if (!func->arguments \|\| func->arguments->children.size() != 2) return nullptr; const auto & lhs = func->arguments->children[0]; const auto & rhs = func->arguments->children[1]; if (!lhs->as<ASTLiteral>() && !rhs->as<ASTLiteral>()) return nullptr; /// Case of two literals doesn't make sense. if (lhs->as<ASTLiteral>() && rhs->as<ASTLiteral>()) return nullptr; /// If indetifier is wrapped into injective functions, remove them. auto argument = lhs->as<ASTLiteral>() ? rhs : lhs; while (const auto * arg_func = argument->as<ASTFunction>()) { if (!arg_func->arguments \|\| arg_func->arguments->children.size() != 1) return nullptr; auto func_resolver = FunctionFactory::instance().tryGet(arg_func->name, context); if (!func_resolver \|\| !func_resolver->isInjective({})) return nullptr; argument = arg_func->arguments->children[0]; } return argument->as<ASTIdentifier>() ? argument : nullptr; } NameSet getFixedSortingColumns( const ASTSelectQuery & query, const Names & sorting_key_columns, const ContextPtr & context) { ASTPtr condition; if (query.where() && query.prewhere()) condition = makeASTFunction("and", query.where(), query.prewhere()); else if (query.where()) condition = query.where(); else if (query.prewhere()) condition = query.prewhere(); if (!condition) return {}; /// Convert condition to CNF for more convenient analysis. auto cnf = TreeCNFConverter::tryConvertToCNF(condition); if (!cnf) return {}; NameSet fixed_points; NameSet sorting_key_columns_set(sorting_key_columns.begin(), sorting_key_columns.end()); /// If we met expression like 'column = x', where 'x' is literal, /// in clause of size 1 in CNF, then we can guarantee /// that in all filtered rows 'column' will be equal to 'x'. cnf->iterateGroups([&](const auto & group) { if (group.size() == 1 && !group.begin()->negative) { auto fixed_point = getFixedPoint(group.begin()->ast, context); if (fixed_point) { auto column_name = fixed_point->getColumnName(); if (sorting_key_columns_set.contains(column_name)) fixed_points.insert(column_name); } } }); return fixed_points; } struct MatchResult { /// One of {-1, 0, 1} - direction of the match. 0 means - doesn't match. int direction = 0; /// If true then current key must be the last in the matched prefix of sort description. bool is_last_key = false; }; /// Optimize in case of exact match with order key element /// or in some simple cases when order key element is wrapped into monotonic function. MatchResult matchSortDescriptionAndKey( const ExpressionActions::Actions & actions, const SortColumnDescription & sort_column, const String & sorting_key_column) { /// If required order depend on collation, it cannot be matched with primary key order. /// Because primary keys cannot have collations. if (sort_column.collator) return {}; MatchResult result{sort_column.direction, false}; /// For the path: order by (sort_column, ...) if (sort_column.column_name == sorting_key_column) return result; /// For the path: order by (function(sort_column), ...) /// Allow only one simple monotonic functions with one argument /// Why not allow multi monotonic functions? bool found_function = false; for (const auto & action : actions) { if (action.node->type != ActionsDAG::ActionType::FUNCTION) continue; if (found_function) return {}; found_function = true; if (action.node->children.size() != 1 \|\| action.node->children.at(0)->result_name != sorting_key_column) return {}; const auto & func = action.node->function_base; if (!func.hasInformationAboutMonotonicity()) return {}; auto monotonicity = func.getMonotonicityForRange(func.getArgumentTypes().at(0), {}, {}); if (!monotonicity.is_monotonic) return {}; /// If function is not strict monotonic, it can break order /// if it's not last in the prefix of sort description. /// E.g. if we have ORDER BY (d, u) -- ('2020-01-01', 1), ('2020-01-02', 0), ('2020-01-03', 1) /// ORDER BY (toStartOfMonth(d), u) -- ('2020-01-01', 1), ('2020-01-01', 0), ('2020-01-01', 1) if (!monotonicity.is_strict) result.is_last_key = true; if (!monotonicity.is_positive) result.direction *= -1; } if (!found_function) return {}; return result; } } ReadInOrderOptimizer::ReadInOrderOptimizer( const ASTSelectQuery & query_, const ManyExpressionActions & elements_actions_, const SortDescription & required_sort_description_, const TreeRewriterResultPtr & syntax_result) : elements_actions(elements_actions_) , required_sort_description(required_sort_description_) , query(query_) { if (elements_actions.size() != required_sort_description.size()) throw Exception(ErrorCodes::LOGICAL_ERROR, "Sizes of sort description and actions are mismatched"); /// Do not analyze joined columns. /// They may have aliases and come to description as is. /// We can mismatch them with order key columns at stage of fetching columns. forbidden_columns = syntax_result->getArrayJoinSourceNameSet(); // array join result columns cannot be used in alias expansion. array_join_result_to_source = syntax_result->array_join_result_to_source; } InputOrderInfoPtr ReadInOrderOptimizer::getInputOrderImpl( const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot, const SortDescription & description, const ManyExpressionActions & actions, const ContextPtr & context, UInt64 limit) const { const Names & sorting_key_columns = metadata_snapshot->getSortingKeyColumns(); int read_direction = description.at(0).direction; auto fixed_sorting_columns = getFixedSortingColumns(query, sorting_key_columns, context); SortDescription sort_description_for_merging; sort_description_for_merging.reserve(description.size()); size_t desc_pos = 0; size_t key_pos = 0; while (desc_pos < description.size() && key_pos < sorting_key_columns.size()) { if (forbidden_columns.contains(description[desc_pos].column_name)) break; auto match = matchSortDescriptionAndKey(actions[desc_pos]->getActions(), description[desc_pos], sorting_key_columns[key_pos]); bool is_matched = match.direction && (desc_pos == 0 \|\| match.direction == read_direction); if (!is_matched) { /// If one of the sorting columns is constant after filtering, /// skip it, because it won't affect order anymore. if (fixed_sorting_columns.contains(sorting_key_columns[key_pos])) { ++key_pos; continue; } break; } if (desc_pos == 0) read_direction = match.direction; sort_description_for_merging.push_back(description[desc_pos]); ++desc_pos; ++key_pos; if (match.is_last_key) break; } if (sort_description_for_merging.empty()) return {}; return std::make_shared<InputOrderInfo>(std::move(sort_description_for_merging), key_pos, read_direction, limit); } InputOrderInfoPtr ReadInOrderOptimizer::getInputOrder( const StorageMetadataPtr & metadata_snapshot, ContextPtr context, UInt64 limit) const { if (!metadata_snapshot->hasSortingKey()) return {}; auto aliased_columns = metadata_snapshot->getColumns().getAliases(); /// Replace alias column with proper expressions. /// Currently we only support alias column without any function wrapper, /// i.e.: `order by aliased_column` can have this optimization, but `order by function(aliased_column)` can not. /// This suits most cases. if (context->getSettingsRef().optimize_respect_aliases && !aliased_columns.empty()) { SortDescription aliases_sort_description = required_sort_description; ManyExpressionActions aliases_actions = elements_actions; for (size_t i = 0; i < required_sort_description.size(); ++i) { if (!aliased_columns.contains(required_sort_description[i].column_name)) continue; auto column_expr = metadata_snapshot->getColumns().get(required_sort_description[i].column_name).default_desc.expression->clone(); replaceAliasColumnsInQuery(column_expr, metadata_snapshot->getColumns(), array_join_result_to_source, context); auto syntax_analyzer_result = TreeRewriter(context).analyze(column_expr, metadata_snapshot->getColumns().getAll()); auto expression_analyzer = ExpressionAnalyzer(column_expr, syntax_analyzer_result, context); aliases_sort_description[i].column_name = column_expr->getColumnName(); aliases_actions[i] = expression_analyzer.getActions(true); } return getInputOrderImpl(metadata_snapshot, aliases_sort_description, aliases_actions, context, limit); } return getInputOrderImpl(metadata_snapshot, required_sort_description, elements_actions, context, limit); } } ```
Devinder Shory (born 3 August 1958 in Barnala, Punjab, India) is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Calgary Northeast as a federal Member of Parliament from 2008 to 2015. Shory held a consultation in Calgary with industry and business leaders from across Manitoba to discuss a renewal of the government's global commerce strategy. First elected in the 2008 Canadian federal election, he is a member of the Conservative Party. After redistricting, he sought reelection in the 2015 election in the riding of Calgary Skyview, a reconfigured version of Calgary Northeast. He was defeated by Liberal candidate Darshan Kang. Early life and career Shory was born in Barnala, Punjab, India as the second-youngest of eight children. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Laws degree from Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India. Before immigrating to Canada he practiced law in Punjab. In 1997, Shory was given the chance to upgrade his foreign law credentials through the University of Alberta. In 1998, he was called to the Alberta Bar and subsequently set up his own law practice in Northeast Calgary. Shory ran for MP in 2019, after losing in 2015. He dropped out of the Conservative nomination contest. Mortgage fraud accusation In May 2010, he was named in a lawsuit launched by the Bank of Montreal for an alleged mortgage fraud scheme. Court documents obtained by the CBC allege Shory executed legal transactions misrepresenting the true owner of five separate properties in the Calgary area. The Bank alleges its losses from the scheme at $30 million. Shory responded in a statement on his website "Through media stories, it has come to my attention that I have been named in a civil matter. I want to state that I have not yet been served with a statement of claim. When I am, I will defend myself vigorously against these accusations. I have done nothing wrong...I want to personally thank the many constituents who have already expressed their support for me and for my family." When the Alberta Law Society settled the case with Bank of Montreal on behalf of the 17 lawyers named in the court documents, only four lawyers were sanctioned and Shory was not one of them. Shory is still a practicing lawyer. Electoral record References External links Devinder Shory 1958 births Living people Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta Conservative Party of Canada MPs Politicians from Calgary Indian emigrants to Canada Canadian Hindus People from Barnala Punjabi University alumni 20th-century Canadian lawyers University of Alberta alumni Lawyers from Calgary Canadian people of Punjabi descent 20th-century Indian lawyers 21st-century Canadian politicians Canadian people of Indian descent Foreign-born Canadian politicians
Sublocotenent Ion Ghiculescu (M270) is a of the Romanian Naval Forces. She was built as HMS Blyth (M111), for the Royal Navy, the eleventh of this class of twelve Single-Role Minehunters (SRMH) ships. She was laid down on 30 May 1999 by Vosper Thornycroft at their Woolston, Southampton shipyard, launched in May 2000 and entered service for the Royal Navy in February 2001. She was the second vessel to carry this name, the first being a of the Second World War, wearing pennant number J15. Blyth served in the Middle East as part of the 9th Mine Countermeasures Squadron. Service history With the Royal Navy HMS Blyth was deployed to the Middle East on Operation Aintree by the Royal Navy in 2007 and 2008, together with her sister ship, , to test the class capabilities in the hot climate and maintain force operational capability in the region. Crews from other Sandown-class vessels were rotated through the two ships. Blyth was based at as one of four minehunters of 9th Mine Countermeasures Squadron supported by a Royal Fleet Auxiliary on Operation Kipion until 2020, when she was replaced in theatre by . On 27 November 2020 the Royal Navy announced that the commanding officer of Blyth had been awarded the MBE for his leadership in Gulf peacekeeping efforts. On 10 February 2021, the Royal Navy announced that Blyth was being re-deployed to link-up with the Dutch-led NATO force operating in the North Sea. Blyth (together with Ramsey) was decommissioned in a joint ceremony at Rosyth on 4 August 2021. Following a refit by Babcock both vessels were initially earmarked for the Ukrainian Navy to "enjoy a fresh lease of life in the Black Sea". However, in October 2022 it was reported that plan had subsequently altered to transfer both ships to the Romanian Navy instead. On 28 September 2023, the Royal Navy confirmed that Sandown-class mine countermeasures vessels, Blyth and HMS Pembroke, had been sold to Romania, one of the UK’s NATO allies, by the Defence Equipment Sales Authority (DESA), which disposes of vehicles and equipment no longer needed by UK Armed Forces. With Romanian Navy Ex-Blyth was officially taken over by the Romanian Navy during a ceremony that took place at Rosyth on 27 September 2023. She was renamed Sublocotenent Ion Ghiculescu, a name also carried by the World War II gunboat , and received the pennant number M270. The crew of 40 sailors under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Denis Giubernea, will continue training, evaluation, and certification activities. The ship is expected to arrive in Constanța at the end of 2023. References External links Sandown-class minehunters Ships built in Southampton 2000 ships Mine warfare vessels of the Romanian Naval Forces
In geometry, a truncated 5-cell is a uniform 4-polytope (4-dimensional uniform polytope) formed as the truncation of the regular 5-cell. There are two degrees of truncations, including a bitruncation. Truncated 5-cell The truncated 5-cell, truncated pentachoron or truncated 4-simplex is bounded by 10 cells: 5 tetrahedra, and 5 truncated tetrahedra. Each vertex is surrounded by 3 truncated tetrahedra and one tetrahedron; the vertex figure is an elongated tetrahedron. Construction The truncated 5-cell may be constructed from the 5-cell by truncating its vertices at 1/3 of its edge length. This transforms the 5 tetrahedral cells into truncated tetrahedra, and introduces 5 new tetrahedral cells positioned near the original vertices. Structure The truncated tetrahedra are joined to each other at their hexagonal faces, and to the tetrahedra at their triangular faces. Seen in a configuration matrix, all incidence counts between elements are shown. The diagonal f-vector numbers are derived through the Wythoff construction, dividing the full group order of a subgroup order by removing one mirror at a time. Projections The truncated tetrahedron-first Schlegel diagram projection of the truncated 5-cell into 3-dimensional space has the following structure: The projection envelope is a truncated tetrahedron. One of the truncated tetrahedral cells project onto the entire envelope. One of the tetrahedral cells project onto a tetrahedron lying at the center of the envelope. Four flattened tetrahedra are joined to the triangular faces of the envelope, and connected to the central tetrahedron via 4 radial edges. These are the images of the remaining 4 tetrahedral cells. Between the central tetrahedron and the 4 hexagonal faces of the envelope are 4 irregular truncated tetrahedral volumes, which are the images of the 4 remaining truncated tetrahedral cells. This layout of cells in projection is analogous to the layout of faces in the face-first projection of the truncated tetrahedron into 2-dimensional space. The truncated 5-cell is the 4-dimensional analogue of the truncated tetrahedron. Images Alternate names Truncated pentatope Truncated 4-simplex Truncated pentachoron (Acronym: tip) (Jonathan Bowers) Coordinates The Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of an origin-centered truncated 5-cell having edge length 2 are: More simply, the vertices of the truncated 5-cell can be constructed on a hyperplane in 5-space as permutations of (0,0,0,1,2) or of (0,1,2,2,2). These coordinates come from positive orthant facets of the truncated pentacross and bitruncated penteract respectively. Related polytopes The convex hull of the truncated 5-cell and its dual (assuming that they are congruent) is a nonuniform polychoron composed of 60 cells: 10 tetrahedra, 20 octahedra (as triangular antiprisms), 30 tetrahedra (as tetragonal disphenoids), and 40 vertices. Its vertex figure is a hexakis triangular cupola. Vertex figure Bitruncated 5-cell The bitruncated 5-cell (also called a bitruncated pentachoron, decachoron and 10-cell) is a 4-dimensional polytope, or 4-polytope, composed of 10 cells in the shape of truncated tetrahedra. Topologically, under its highest symmetry, [[3,3,3]], there is only one geometrical form, containing 10 uniform truncated tetrahedra. The hexagons are always regular because of the polychoron's inversion symmetry, of which the regular hexagon is the only such case among ditrigons (an isogonal hexagon with 3-fold symmetry). E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope. Each hexagonal face of the truncated tetrahedra is joined in complementary orientation to the neighboring truncated tetrahedron. Each edge is shared by two hexagons and one triangle. Each vertex is surrounded by 4 truncated tetrahedral cells in a tetragonal disphenoid vertex figure. The bitruncated 5-cell is the intersection of two pentachora in dual configuration. As such, it is also the intersection of a penteract with the hyperplane that bisects the penteract's long diagonal orthogonally. In this sense it is a 4-dimensional analog of the regular octahedron (intersection of regular tetrahedra in dual configuration / tesseract bisection on long diagonal) and the regular hexagon (equilateral triangles / cube). The 5-dimensional analog is the birectified 5-simplex, and the -dimensional analog is the polytope whose Coxeter–Dynkin diagram is linear with rings on the middle one or two nodes. The bitruncated 5-cell is one of the two non-regular convex uniform 4-polytopes which are cell-transitive. The other is the bitruncated 24-cell, which is composed of 48 truncated cubes. Symmetry This 4-polytope has a higher extended pentachoric symmetry (2×A4, [[3,3,3]]), doubled to order 240, because the element corresponding to any element of the underlying 5-cell can be exchanged with one of those corresponding to an element of its dual. Alternative names Bitruncated 5-cell (Norman W. Johnson) 10-cell as a cell-transitive 4-polytope Bitruncated pentachoron Bitruncated pentatope Bitruncated 4-simplex Decachoron (Acronym: deca) (Jonathan Bowers) Images Coordinates The Cartesian coordinates of an origin-centered bitruncated 5-cell having edge length 2 are: More simply, the vertices of the bitruncated 5-cell can be constructed on a hyperplane in 5-space as permutations of (0,0,1,2,2). These represent positive orthant facets of the bitruncated pentacross. Another 5-space construction, centered on the origin are all 20 permutations of (-1,-1,0,1,1). Related polytopes The bitruncated 5-cell can be seen as the intersection of two regular 5-cells in dual positions. = ∩ . Configuration Seen in a configuration matrix, all incidence counts between elements are shown. The diagonal f-vector numbers are derived through the Wythoff construction, dividing the full group order of a subgroup order by removing one mirror at a time. Related regular skew polyhedron The regular skew polyhedron, {6,4\|3}, exists in 4-space with 4 hexagonal around each vertex, in a zig-zagging nonplanar vertex figure. These hexagonal faces can be seen on the bitruncated 5-cell, using all 60 edges and 30 vertices. The 20 triangular faces of the bitruncated 5-cell can be seen as removed. The dual regular skew polyhedron, {4,6\|3}, is similarly related to the square faces of the runcinated 5-cell. Disphenoidal 30-cell The disphenoidal 30-cell is the dual of the bitruncated 5-cell. It is a 4-dimensional polytope (or polychoron) derived from the 5-cell. It is the convex hull of two 5-cells in opposite orientations. Being the dual of a uniform polychoron, it is cell-transitive, consisting of 30 congruent tetragonal disphenoids. In addition, it is vertex-transitive under the group Aut(A4). Related polytopes These polytope are from a set of 9 uniform 4-polytope constructed from the [3,3,3] Coxeter group. References H.S.M. Coxeter: H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973 Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter', edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10] (Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591] (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45] Coxeter, The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays, Dover Publications, 1999, p. 88 (Chapter 5: Regular Skew Polyhedra in three and four dimensions and their topological analogues, Proceedings of the London Mathematics Society, Ser. 2, Vol 43, 1937.) Coxeter, H. S. M. Regular Skew Polyhedra in Three and Four Dimensions. Proc. London Math. Soc. 43, 33-62, 1937. Norman Johnson Uniform Polytopes, Manuscript (1991) N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs'', Ph.D. (1966) x3x3o3o - tip, o3x3x3o - deca Specific 4-polytopes
```yaml Resources: NotSupportedPullTrigger: Type: AWS::Serverless::Function Properties: CodeUri: s3://sam-demo-bucket/filtered_events.zip Handler: index.handler Runtime: nodejs16.x Events: DDBEvent: Type: DynamoDB Properties: Stream: arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:012345678901:table/TestTable/stream/2015-05-11T21:21:33.291 StartingPosition: TRIM_HORIZON ConsumerGroupId: consumergroup1 NotSupportedPushTrigger: Type: AWS::Serverless::Function Properties: CodeUri: s3://sam-demo-bucket/filtered_events.zip Handler: index.handler Runtime: nodejs16.x Events: SNSEvent: Type: SNS Properties: Topic: arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my_topic ConsumerGroupId: consumergroup1 ```
Dmitri Shostakovich composed his Symphony No. 4 in C minor, Op. 43, between September 1935 and May 1936, after abandoning some preliminary sketch material. In January 1936, halfway through this period, Pravda—under direct orders from Joseph Stalin—published an editorial "Muddle Instead of Music" that denounced the composer and targeted his opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk. Despite this attack and the political climate of the time, Shostakovich completed the symphony and planned its premiere for December 1936 in Leningrad. After rehearsals began, the orchestra's management cancelled the performance, offering a statement that Shostakovich had withdrawn the work. He may have agreed to withdraw it to relieve orchestra officials of responsibility. The symphony was premiered on 30 December 1961 by the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra led by Kirill Kondrashin. Instrumentation Shostakovich uses a large orchestra requiring over one hundred musicians. It is scored for the following instruments: Woodwind 2 Piccolos 4 Flutes 4 Oboes (4th doubling on Cor anglais) 1 E-flat clarinet 4 Clarinets 1 Bass clarinet 3 Bassoons 1 Contrabassoon Strings 2 Harps 16–20 1st Violins 14–18 2nd Violins 12–16 Violas 12–16 cellos 10–14 Double basses Keyboard Celesta Brass 8 Horns 4 Trumpets 3 Trombones 2 Tubas Percussion 6 Timpani (two players) Bass drum Snare drum Cymbals (crash and suspended, 2 players, one for each) Triangle Wood block Castanets Tam-tam Xylophone Glockenspiel Structure The symphony has three movements: Most performances of the symphony last a little over an hour. Historical overview Composition Shostakovich began the Fourth Symphony in September 1935. His second and third symphonies, completed in 1927 and 1929, had been patriotic works with choral finales, but the new score was different. Toward the end of 1935 he told an interviewer, "I am not afraid of difficulties. It is perhaps easier, and certainly safer, to follow a beaten path, but it is also dull, uninteresting and futile." Shostakovich abandoned sketches for the symphony some months earlier and began anew. On 28 January 1936, when he was about halfway through work on the symphony, Pravda printed an unsigned editorial entitled "Muddle Instead of Music", which singled out his internationally successful opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk for condemnation. The fact that the editorial was unsigned indicated that it represented the official Party position. Rumors circulated for a long time that Stalin had directly ordered this attack after he attended a performance of the opera and stormed out after the first act. Pravda published two more articles in the same vein in the next two and a half weeks. On 3 February, "Ballet Falsehood" assailed his ballet The Limpid Stream, and "Clear and Simple Language in Art" appeared on 13 February. Although this last article was technically an editorial attacking Shostakovich for "formalism", it appeared in the "Press Review" section. Stalin, under cover of the Central Committee, may have singled out Shostakovich because the plot and music of Lady Macbeth infuriated him, the opera contradicted Stalin's intended social and cultural direction for the nation at that period, or he resented the recognition Shostakovich was receiving both in the Soviet Union and in the West. Despite these criticisms, Shostakovich continued work on the symphony—though he simultaneously refused to allow a concert performance of the last act of Lady Macbeth. He explained to a friend, "The audience, of course, will applaud—it's considered bon ton to be in the opposition, and then there'll be another article with a headline like 'Incorrigible Formalist.'" Once he completed the score, Shostakovich was apparently uncertain how to proceed. His new symphony did not emulate the style of Nikolai Myaskovsky's socialist realist Sixteenth Symphony, The Aviators, or Vissarion Shebalin's song-symphony The Heroes of Perekop. Showing the new symphony to friends did not help. One asked what Shostakovich thought the reaction from Pravda would be. Shostakovich replied, "I don't write for Pravda, but for myself." Despite the increasingly repressive political atmosphere, Shostakovich continued to plan for the symphony's premiere, scheduled by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra for 11 December 1936 under the orchestra's music director, Fritz Stiedry. The composer also played the score on piano for Otto Klemperer, who responded enthusiastically and planned to conduct the symphony's first performance outside the USSR. Withdrawal After a number of rehearsals that left both the conductor and musicians unenthusiastic, Shostakovich met with several officials of the Composers Union and the Communist Party, along with I.M. Renzin, the Philharmonic's director, in the latter's office. He was informed that the 11 December performance was being cancelled and that he was expected to make the announcement and provide an explanation. The composer's direct participation is unknown, but the newspaper Soviet Art (Sovetskoe iskusstvo) published a notice that Shostakovich had asked for the symphony's premiere to be cancelled "on the grounds that it in no way corresponds to his current creative convictions and represents for him a long-outdated creative phase", that it suffered from "grandiosomania" and he planned to revise it. Decades later, Isaak Glikman, who was Shostakovich's personal secretary in the 1930s and a close friend, provided a different account. He wrote that party officials exerted pressure on Renzin to cancel the scheduled performance, and Renzin, reluctant to take responsibility for the programming decision himself, instead privately persuaded Shostakovich to withdraw the symphony. Premiere The manuscript score for the Fourth Symphony was lost during World War II. Using the orchestral parts that survived from the 1936 rehearsals, Shostakovich had a two-piano version published in an edition of 300 copies in Moscow in 1946. Shostakovich began considering a performance only after Stalin's death in 1953 changed the cultural climate in the Soviet Union. He undertook no revisions. Conductor Kirill Kondrashin led the premiere of the orchestral version on 30 December 1961 with the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra. The first performance outside the USSR took place at the 1962 Edinburgh Festival with the Philharmonia Orchestra under Gennady Rozhdestvensky on 7 September 1962. Soviet critics were excited at the prospect of finding a major missing link in Shostakovich's creative output, yet refrained from value-laden comparisons. They generally placed the Fourth Symphony firmly in its chronological context and explored its significance as a way-station on the road to the more conventional Fifth Symphony. Western critics were more overtly judgmental, especially since the Fourth was premiered just three days after the Twelfth Symphony in Edinburgh. The critical success of the Fourth juxtaposed with the critical disdain for the Twelfth led to speculation that Shostakovich's creative powers were on the wane. Influence of Mahler The symphony is strongly influenced by Gustav Mahler, whose music Shostakovich had been closely studying with Ivan Sollertinsky during the preceding ten years. (Friends remembered seeing Mahler's Seventh Symphony on Shostakovich's piano at that time.) The duration, the size of the orchestra, the style and range of orchestration, and the recurrent use of "banal" melodic material juxtaposed with more high-minded, even "intellectual" material, all come from Mahler. Aside from the entire second movement, one of the most Mahlerian moments appears at the outset of the third movement—a funeral march reminiscent of many similar passages in the Austrian's output. Another such point occurs near the beginning of the deeply brooding coda that follows the last full-orchestra outburst, with the descending half-step idea in the woodwinds clearly pointing to the A major-to-A minor chord progression that characterizes much of Mahler's Sixth Symphony. Recordings * = the first recording, made by the performers who gave the premiere (1) = aircheck of the western premiere, 1962 Edinburgh Festival (2) = the first and second of two recordings made by the composer's close friend and colleague (3) = the only recording made by the composer's son (4) = the first Western studio recording Source: arkivmusic.com (recommended recordings selected based on critics reviews) The 1998 recording by the LPO and Rostropovich, and the 2004 recording conducted by Oleg Caetani include performances of the surviving original sketches of the Fourth Symphony's first movement. Rustem Hayroudinoff and Colin Stone (Chandos; first recording of the 1940s two-piano reduction) References Sources Fay, Laurel E. Shostakovich: A Life (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). . Freed, Richard, Notes for RCA/BMG 60887: Shostakovich: Symphony No. 4; St. Louis Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leonard Slatkin. Glikman, Isaak D., tr. Anthony Phillips, Story of a Friendship (London: Faber & Faber, 2001). . Schwarz, Boris, Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia: Enlarged Edition, 1917–1981 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983). . Steinberg, Michael, The Symphony (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1995). . Volkov, Solomon, tr. Antonina W. Bouis, Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004). . Further reading Fairclough, Pauline, A Soviet Credo: Shostakovich's Fourth Symphony (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2006) . Layton, Robert, ed. Robert Simpson, The Symphony: Volume 2, Mahler to the Present Day (New York: Drake Publishing, Inc., 1972). Leonard, James, All Music Guide to Classical Music (San Francisco: Backbeat books, 2005). . Maes, Francis, tr. Arnold J. Pomerans and Erica Pomerans, A History of Russian Music: From Kamarinskaya to Babi Yar (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2002). . Wilson, Elizabeth, Shostakovich: A Life Remembered, Second Edition (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994, 2006). . Symphony No. 04 (Shostakovich) 1936 compositions Compositions in C minor
Systematic & Applied Acarology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on mites and ticks published trianually by the Systematic & Applied Acarology Society. In 2012, the society's rapid journal for papers and monographs on mites and ticks, Systematic & Applied Acarology Special Publications, was merged with Systematic and Applied Acarology. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, and The Zoological Record. References External links Acarology journals English-language journals Academic journals established in 1996 Triannual journals Academic journals published by learned and professional societies
Filippo Anfossi (died 14 May 1825) was a vicar-general of the Dominicans and Master of the Sacred Palace. Biography Anfossi was born in Taggia, Province of Imperia. He carried on the negotiations with Lamennais regarding the corrections to be made in his "Essai sur l'indifférence" (Paris, 1821–23). He was one of the ultramontanist opponents of the various strands of Gallicanism represented by Scipione de Ricci, Vincento Palmieri, and Guillaume de la Luzerne. Among his published works are: "Difesa della bolla 'Auctorem fidei' in cui si trattano le maggiori questioni che hanno agitate in questi tempi la chiesa" (Rome, 1810 and 1816); "Motivi per cui il Padre Filippo Anfossi Domenicano a creduto di non potere adorire alle quattro proposizioni gallicane" (Rome, 1813); "L'unione politico-religiosa considerata nei suoi rapporti colla civile societá" (Rome, 1822). He died in Rome in 1825. See also References Attribution Year of birth unknown 1825 deaths Italian Dominicans People from Taggia
Stan Wilson (12 October 1912 – 13 November 2004) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Notes External links Stan Wilson's profile at Australianfootball.com 1912 births 2004 deaths Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) Essendon Football Club players
The Journal of Social Studies Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering social studies. It is the official publication of The International Society for the Social Studies. The editor-in-chief is William B. Russell III (University of Central Florida). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: EBSCO databases ERIC ProQuest databases Scopus References External links The International Society for the Social Studies Sociology journals Elsevier academic journals Quarterly journals Academic journals established in 1977 English-language journals
Distributed intelligence may refer to: Group mind (science fiction) Collective intelligence, superorganism Distributed artificial intelligence, innovation system
UFC 110: Nogueira vs. Velasquez was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) on Sunday, 21 February 2010 in Sydney, Australia, at Acer Arena. The event marked the UFC's first trip to Australia. The main card was scheduled for 2:00 pm Sunday in Sydney to cater to the U.S. audience, meaning that the event took place at the regular U.S. time (10:00 pm ET, on Saturday 20 February). The event drew 17,431 fans, a sell out of . 400 tickets were sold to a closed circuit viewing party at the Arena's Ballroom, making the number of total fans inside the building 17,831. The event grossed $540,000 in merchandise sales, breaking the previous record of $498,000 at UFC 83. Total sales topped the previous Acer Arena record held by Iron Maiden. Background The long expected bout between Yoshihiro Akiyama and Wanderlei Silva did not take place at this event. Instead, Silva faced Michael Bisping. A bout between Nate Marquardt and Chael Sonnen which was expected to take place on this card was moved to UFC 109. A bout between Keith Jardine and Rich Franklin had been discussed, but Jardine eventually fought the Ultimate Fighter 8 winner Ryan Bader. Chris Lytle was expected to face Dong Hyun Kim, but Kim was forced off the card with an injury. Brian Foster stepped in to fight Lytle. A bout between Elvis Sinosic and Chris Haseman was due to be the first ever all-Australian bout to take place in the UFC. However, a shoulder injury forced Sinosic out of the fight on 18 February, and bout was pulled from the card as a result. Additionally, Ben Rothwell was sidelined by an illness, leading to Australian veteran Anthony Perosh stepping in to face Mirko Cro Cop. Tickets for the event sold out on the first day they were available to the general public. It was, at the time, the second fastest sellout of an event in the history of the UFC, behind UFC 83 (which was the first ever UFC event in Canada). This record was later broken by UFC 127, the second event to be held in Australia. UFC 110 aired live on Australian free-to-air sports channel ONE HD. Results Bonus awards Fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses. Fight of the Night: Joe Stevenson vs. George Sotiropoulos Knockout of the Night: Cain Velasquez Submission of the Night: Chris Lytle See also 2010 in UFC List of UFC events Mixed martial arts in Australia References Ultimate Fighting Championship events 2010 in mixed martial arts Mixed martial arts in Australia Sports competitions in Sydney 2010 in Australian sport
Kari Oftedal Lima (14 December 1943 – 29 May 2019) was a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party. She served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Rogaland during the terms 1993–1997 and 1997–2001. She met during 2 days of parliamentary session. On the local level she has been a member of Rogaland county council. She is also deputy chair of the board of the Western Norway Regional Health Authority. She hails from Ålgård. References 1943 births 2019 deaths People from Gjesdal Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians Deputy members of the Storting Rogaland politicians Women members of the Storting
"Something Pretty" is a song written by Buddy Wayne and Charlie Williams. It was recorded by American country artist Wynn Stewart. It was released as a single in 1968 and became a major hit that same year. Background and release "Something Pretty" was recorded on January 3, 1968 at the Capitol Recording Studio, located in Hollywood, California. The session was produced by Ken Nelson, Stewart's producer at Capitol Records. Three additional tracks were recorded in the same session. Stewart had recently signed with Capitol Records, after first being dropped by the label in the 1950s. He had first number one single on the label, "It's Such a Pretty World Today." "Something Pretty" was released as a single on Capitol Records in March 1968. It was his fifth single release with the label. His backing band, "The Tourists," were given equal billing on the single release by Capitol Records. The single spent 13 weeks on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart before becoming a top ten hit, peaking at number seven in January 1968. "Something Pretty" was Stewart's fifth top ten hit single in his career and his seventh major hit altogether. Over the next several years, Stewart would have further major hits for Capitol Records. In Canada, the song became his first charting song and first major hit. It peaked at number 20 on the RPM Country Songs chart that same year. Track listings 7" vinyl single "Something Pretty" – 2:30 "Built In Love" – 2:30 Chart performance References 1968 songs 1968 singles Wynn Stewart songs Song recordings produced by Ken Nelson (American record producer)
Bomet University College is a Constituent College of Moi University established under a Legal Notice Number 145 of 27 July 2017. Bomet University College is the first public University in Bomet County and is strategically placed at the heart of Bomet Town, Bomet County, Kenya. Its establishment is a step towards the realization of a fully-fledged University in line with the government policy to establish at least one University in every County in Kenya. The first cohort of GSSP students were admitted on 31 August 2016 to Bomet College and over the years the students’ population has grown to over 2,000. BUC in the initial stages started with five programmes of Moi University and this is envisaged to grow to 11 schools and five centres of research in the next five years. BUC endeavours to develop creativity and innovation to enable students to fit in the job market, by taking a practical approach to learning emphasizing the element of attachments and fieldwork in the training of its students and integrating ICT in their learning. Controversies Between October 2017 and June 2019, there was an over-payment of KES 5.2 million to top members of management at the Bomet University College. References Universities in Kenya Moi University 2017 establishments in Kenya
Veauville-lès-Quelles () is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. Geography A very small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D88 and D109 roads. Population Places of interest The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the nineteenth century. The chateau de Mathonville. See also Communes of the Seine-Maritime department References Communes of Seine-Maritime
Hunter Neil Windsor (July 8, 1945 – March 28, 2021) was a Canadian engineer and politician. He represented the electoral district of Mount Pearl in the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly from 1975 to 1995. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador. Prior to entering politics, Windsor worked as town engineer for the then Town of Mt. Pearl. He worked with then mayor Kel Ashford to obtain a swimming pool for the community, and was also one of five people who worked together to establish the Mt. Pearl Minor Hockey Association. In 2005, he was inducted into the Mt. Pearl Sports Hall of Fame. Windsor is credited with being a driving force behind Mt. Pearl achieving city status. From 1996 to 2011, Windsor served as executive director and registrar for the Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geoscientists of Alberta and received numerous awards for his work. In November 2014, Mt. Pearl's municipal building was re-named the H. Neil Windsor Municipal Building. Windsor died in 2021. References 1945 births 2021 deaths Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador MHAs People from Mount Pearl Politicians from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Marco Sejna (born 20 March 1972 in West Berlin) is a German former professional footballer as a goalkeeper. References External links 1972 births Living people Footballers from Berlin German men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Bundesliga players 2. Bundesliga players 3. Liga players Hertha BSC players Hertha BSC II players Tennis Borussia Berlin players FC Sachsen Leipzig players Rot Weiss Ahlen players Rot-Weiss Essen players 1. FC Union Berlin players SV Yeşilyurt players FC Ingolstadt 04 players FC Ingolstadt 04 II players
The 2004 United States presidential election in West Virginia took place on November 2, 2004, and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose 5 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. West Virginia was won by incumbent President George W. Bush by a 12.86% margin of victory. Prior to the election, 8 of 12 news organizations considered this a state Bush would win, or otherwise considered as a red state, while others considered it a swing state. Democratic President Bill Clinton easily won this state in 1992 and 1996, but Bush carried the state in 2000 with just 51.92% of the vote. West Virginia is the only state to vote against George H. W. Bush both times and vote for George W. Bush both times. On election day, President Bush won here with a 6.53% better margin than his performance in 2000, signaling that the state was trending Republican at the presidential level. This was despite the fact that more than 50% of the state's population were registered Democrats, and both senators were Democrats. This also marked the last election in which West Virginia voted for the same presidential candidate as neighboring Virginia, and the first election since 1944 in which West Virginia voted more Republican than Virginia. Since then, West Virginia has voted for the Republican presidential candidate while neighboring Virginia has voted for the Democratic candidate. , this is the last election in which Fayette County, Brooke County, Logan County, and Mingo County voted for the Democratic candidate. Bush was the first Republican since William McKinley to carry West Virginia twice. Campaign Predictions There were 12 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day. Polling Early on, pre-election polling showed the election as a pure toss up. But after September 14, Bush pulled away and reached 50% or higher in the polls. The final 3 poll average showed Bush leading 50% to 44%. Fundraising Bush raised $527,380. Kerry raised $627,425. Advertising and visits Bush visited the state eight times; Kerry visited the state six times. A total of between $100,000 and $550,000 was spent each week. As the election went on, both tickets spent less and less here each week. Analysis More than any other state, West Virginia highlighted Kerry's trouble in Appalachian America. It swung heavily to the Democrats during the days of Franklin D. Roosevelt and remained reliably Democratic for most of the next 68 years. It often voted for Democrats (such as Jimmy Carter and Mike Dukakis) who went on to big national defeats. This was largely due to its blue-collar, heavily unionized workers, especially coal miners, who favored Democratic economic policy. Starting with George W. Bush, however, the state's voters became more receptive to Republicans. Results By county Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican Harrison (Largest city: Clarksburg) Kanawha (Largest city: Charleston) Lincoln (Largest city: Hamlin) Wyoming (Largest city: Mullens) By congressional district Bush won all 3 congressional districts, including two held by Democrats. Electors Technically the voters of WV cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. WV is allocated 5 electors because it has 3 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 5 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 5 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 13, 2004, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols. The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 5 were pledged for Bush/Cheney: Rob Capehart Doug McKinney Dan Moore Richie Robb Larry Faircloth References West Virginia 2004 2004 West Virginia elections
Brooke–Fordyce syndrome is a condition characterized by multiple trichoepitheliomas. See also List of cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes List of cutaneous conditions References Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts
Jerry Harold Speiser (born 12 August 1953) is an Australian musician. He is best known as the drummer and a founding member of 1980s pop/new wave group Men at Work, which had Australian, US and UK hits with their singles "Who Can It Be Now?" and "Down Under" and their albums Business as Usual and Cargo. He left the band in 1984 and was a member of other groups including FX, One World and Frost. Biography In an early session, he played on Greg Sneddon's Mind Stroll album in 1974, Sneddon was also part of the initial Men at Work line-up. He was also a drummer in a local band called Numbers in 1978 and early 1979. Following Men at Work's break-up in 1985, he briefly joined pop band FX (featuring keyboard player John McCubbery), and then Ross Hannaford's band One World as a guitarist. In 1986, he and former Men at Work producer and sound engineer Peter McIan had a short stint with American band The City, where he played the drums while McIan played keyboards and produced the album Foundation. After that, Speiser joined pop rockers Frost where he played the drums in the single "You and Me" from their album The Usual Suspects. Speiser (Drums/vocals) and Ben Fitzgerald (Guitars/vocals) co-founded a guitar-driven style rock band Where's Claire? In 1990, they were joined by Andrew Midson (Bass/vocals) and Brenden Mason (Guitars/vocals) and released their first commercial album, Long Time Coming, in 2002. He also formed his own low keyed rock band The Working Stiffs and had a single called "Who Can It Be Down Under?" By 2012 Speiser was a drummer for an Australian band called After Burner. References External links http://www.dirtyrascal.com.au/ Where's Claire? on MySpace Jerry's Cross Rocks' page Jerry's MySpace page Jerry's Band The Working Stiffs http://www.afterburnerband.com/index.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120402133459/http://www.elwoodrsl.com.au/afterburner.html 1953 births Living people Australian drummers Australian new wave musicians Australian rock drummers Male drummers Men at Work members
Wola Rudlicka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrówek, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately north of Ostrówek, north of Wieluń, and south-west of the regional capital Łódź. References Wola Rudlicka
The Symetra Classic was an annual golf tournament for professional women golfers on the Symetra Tour, the LPGA Tour's developmental tour. From 2009 to 2011, the tournament was played at The Dominion Country Club in San Antonio, Texas. The event moved to Charlotte, North Carolina in 2012 and was played at Raintree Country Club. It moved to Milton, Georgia in 2017 and was played at Atlanta National Golf Club. In 2018, it moved to River Run Country Club in Davidson, North Carolina. The tournament was a 54-hole event, as were most Symetra Tour tournaments. The title sponsor of the tournament was Symetra Financial Corporation, a life insurance corporation with headquarters in Bellevue, Washington. Tournament names through the years 2009–2010: Texas Hill Country Classic 2011–2021: Symetra Classic Winners Tournament record References External links Coverage on the Symetra Tour's official site Former Symetra Tour events Golf in Georgia (U.S. state) Golf in North Carolina Golf in Texas
Yaroslav Alexandrovich Ternovskiy (Russian: Ярослав Александрович Терновский; born 23 April 1970 in Zvenigorod, Russia) is a political and public figure. In 2010–2012 was a member of Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation 3rd composition. Chairman of the All-Russia Public movement "Catholic Heritage". Lieutenant to Russia of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. Early life Ternovskiy was born in Zvenigorod, Russia. He did a compulsory military service in Soviet Armed Forces. Was an active public figure starting from the young age. In 1987–1988 he participated in the US-Soviet conferences Direct Connection where American high school students met their Soviet counterparts. In the 1990s he founded companies and became a businessman. Participated in an Open World Program of the Library of Congress for the young leaders. Career In 1998 he was elected a chairman to an All-Russia public movement "Stability and Progress" and participated in a creation of Unity alliance and election bloc. In 1999 was in Political campaign staff of President Putin and later became his campaign surrogate. In 2001 he became a head of Organizing Committee for the Russian Party of Social Democracy and later a head of its political council. In 2002 he became a head of the External relations commission of the Public-sector union of Presidential Administration, Government, Federal Assembly and Accounts Chamber . He also continued his career in business as a CEO of an engineering company "Sintezproekt". In 2006 he was elected chief of the executive committee of Civilian Power. In 2007 became a co-chairman of "Civil Control" association. In 2010 was elected a member of Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation where he became a member of a Commission on tolerance and freedom of conscience. Catholic community Ternovskiy is a member of a Catholic community in Russia. In 2015 he was awarded the Order of St. Gregory the Great. References 1970 births Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre Members of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation Knights of St. Gregory the Great Russian Roman Catholics Living people
Wrzosówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nowodwór, within Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Nowodwór, east of Ryki, and north-west of the regional capital Lublin. References Villages in Ryki County
Jan Janssen (born 1940) is a Dutch road bicycle racer. Jan Janssen may also refer to: Jan Janssen (gymnast) (1885–1953), Dutch Olympic gymnast Jan Janssen (ice hockey) (born 1952), former ice hockey player See also Jan Jansen (disambiguation) Jan Jansohn, guitarist Jan Jansson (disambiguation)

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