text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
|---|
HMS Dispatch (also Despatch) was a Royal Navy Cruizer-class brig-sloop built by Richard Symons & Co. at Falmouth and launched in 1804. Dispatch was instrumental in the capture of a 40-gun French frigate and was active at the Battle of Copenhagen in 1807. She also sailed on the Jamaica station. She was broken up relatively early, in 1811.
Initial service
She was commissioned in May 1804 under Commander Edward Hawkins for the Channel and cruising. She then joined a squadron under Captain Thomas Dundas in Naiad.
On 25 October, Hawkins sighted two strange vessels some five or six leagues off Pointe du Raz. Dispatch captured both, which proved to be the French gun-vessels No. 345 and No. 353. Each was armed with two brass guns, one a 32-pounder and the other a 6-pounder. Each had a crew of 20 soldiers. They had left Brest for Odierne (or Dandiorne) but the wind had blown them out to sea. Conquest arrived on the scene and then the British sighted two more gun-vessels. Dispatch captured one, No. 371, armed like the two already captured, but with a crew of 22. Hawkins thought it too dangerous to try to send the three gun-vessels to England so he sank them after having removed the guns.
At daylight 27 November 1804 while was off Brest, she saw some small vessels open musket fire on boats belonging to that were chasing them. (Aigle had two seamen wounded, one dangerously.) Naiad gave chase and captured French gun-vessels Nos. 361 and 369. They each mounted one long brass 4 pounder gun and one short 12-pounder and had on board a lieutenant from the 63rd infantry regiment, 36 privates and six seamen. They had sailed with fourteen others from Dandiorne to Brest. Captain Thomas Dundas of Naiad ordered Hawkins and Dispatch to take the gunboats and prisoners in to Plymouth.
On 28 April 1805 Dispatch capture the Spanish vessel of war, Nostra Senora del Anparo, alias Espadarte. Late in the year Dispatch captured a number of merchantmen: Desir de la Paix (30 September), Genevieve (7 October), Louise (15 October), and Spadron (31 October).
French frigate Président
On 27 September 1806 Dispatch was part of a squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Louis that included and Blanche. The squadron captured the French 40-gun French frigate Président, with Dispatch playing a critical role.
Louis's squadron had sailed to the Bay of Biscay to await the return of Admiral Willaumez from the Caribbean. On spotting the Président, the squadron gave chase but the ships of the line were not fast enough to catch her. However, Dispatch was able to get within firing range. Dispatch proceeded to harry Président with her forward guns, forcing Président to turn towards Blanche. Seeing Président turn, Louis ordered Canopus to fire, even though the range was extreme. Realizing that the rest of the British squadron would arrive shortly, Président struck, surrendering to Dispatch. Président had suffered only minor damage and neither side suffered any casualties. The Royal Navy took her into service as HMS President. Hawkins had been made post-captain two days prior to the action.
A few weeks after this action, Dispatch captured two French merchantmen. One of the ships carried sardines and was of so little value that Dispatch promptly scuttled her. The larger ship carried brandy, coffee and some guns, so he sent her back to England with a prize crew.
Between 10 and 12 February 1807 Hawkins faced a court martial on board Gladiator at Portsmouth. The charges, which had "aroused an unusual degree of interest", stemmed from when he had commanded Dispatch. Thomas Thompson, who had been master of Despatch, had written an initially anonymous letter charging Hawkins with having willfully murdered a seaman, William Davie. Davie had been ill and Thompson charged that Hawkins's negligence and inattention between 9 and 25 December 1805 had brought about Davie's death. Hawkins advanced evidence that Davie was a skulker and under a surgeon's treatment for venereal disease, while also resorting to quack medicines. Character witnesses attested that Hawkins's behaviour was "always marked with humanity and gentleness"; the court declared the charges to be "scandalous and malicious" and acquitted Hawkins.
Baltic and Copenhagen
In 1807 Dispatch sailed under Commander James Lillicrap for the North Sea, and was at Copenhagen in August. In the spring she convoyed a fleet of transports carrying two divisions of the King's German Legion from the Downs to the island of Rügen off the German Baltic coast where the French were besieging Stralsund, then the capital of Swedish Pomerania. She remained off the coast with a small squadron under Lillicrap to protect the troops. With the assistance of Rosamond, Dispatch covered the eventual evacuation of King Gustavus in a Swedish frigate.
While still on the station, Dispatch, her sister ship , and fired broadsides at the French outposts near Greifswald. On 21 August Dispatch escorted the last troops to leave Rugen to Kioge Bay in Zealand to join the rest of the army, which had landed five days earlier to prepare for the attack on Copenhagen.Dispatch was one of six British warships that shared in the capture on 23 August of the Danish vessel Speculation.
When Dispatch joined Admiral James Gambier off Copenhagen, Lillicrap was ordered to mount four long 18-pounders to give Dispatch a greater capability to fight the Danish gunboats. Lillicrap was also to join the inshore squadron as the senior commander under Captain Puget. Dispatch found herself engaging Danish gunboats almost daily. In the general promotion that followed in the capture of the Danish fleet, 17 commanders junior to Lillicrap received promotion; Lillicrap, despite recommendations, did not.Dispatch sailed for Jamaica on 29 February 1808. In June she recaptured Grinder, Ferguson, master. Grinder had been sailing from Jamaica to the Indian Coast when the French privateer Duguay Trouin had captured her on 7 June off Port Royal. Grinder was taken back to Jamaica.
On the night of 2 October, while off Nevis with a convoy of merchantmen, Dispatch captured the small 1-gun French privateer schooner Dorade, which had a crew of 20 men and mounted one brass gun. Dispatch later retook a captured British merchant ship.
While on the Jamaica station Lillicrap visited Haiti where he spent time with the two contending Haitian chiefs, Henri Christophe and Christophe's co-conspirator and rival, Alexandre Pétion. Christophe would in 1811 become the King of Haiti, and with him Lillicrap visited the Citadelle Laferrière. Lillicrap was promoted to post-captain on 21 October 1810, but did not receive official notification until March 1811, at which time he sailed for home in . He would then have to wait until January 1815 for his next command ().
In November 1810 Dispatch was under Commander James Aberdouor. She left Negril on 20 May 1811 with a convoy for England and arrived at Portsmouth 24 July from Jamaica and St. George's Channel.
FateDispatch was paid off in September 1811. She was broken up at Plymouth that same month.
Citations
References
External links
The Boatswain's Call An article exploring the life and service of HMS Dispatchs boatswain
Phillips, Michael Ships of the Old Navy – HMS Dispatch''; accessed 1 January 2010.
1804 ships
Cruizer-class brig-sloops
Ships built in England |
Tetraclita rubescens, commonly known as the pink volcano barnacle, is a species of sessile barnacle in the family Tetraclitidae.
Description
T. rubescens is a sessile barnacle with a diameter usually to 30 mm, rarely to 50 mm. Exoskeletal wall consists of four plates with no basal plate (all other local acorn barnacles have 6 plates). The shells of adults are pink to reddish and appear thatched, while the shells of (uneroded) juveniles are white (Morris et al. 1980).
Distribution and habitat
Common in middle to low intertidal zones on rocks exposed to strong surf from Cape Mendocino, Northern California to Baja California (Carlton 2007).
Behaviour and ecology
Thatched barnacles are usually found growing as solitary individuals rather than in aggregations, like acorn barnacles (Engle and Davis 1996). Thatched barnacles are brooders, and do not become reproductive until they are about 2 years old (18mm in diameter). In California, as many as 3 broods of 1,000-50,000 nauplius larvae (depending on parent size) can be released by an individual in one summer (Morris et al. 1980). Tetraclita rubescens may live as long as 15 years (Hines 1978). These barnacles are effective competitors for space, and may influence the distribution of mussels and other species (Foster et al. 1988). In the lower intertidal zone, individuals may grow large enough to avoid predation by sea stars and gastropods (Morris et al. 1980). Up until the 1990s the northern range limit was thought to be San Francisco; however; more recent studies have placed the northern limit several hundred kilometers farther north into Northern California (Connolly and Roughgarden 1998), possibly in response to global climate change (Dawson et al. 2010).
References
Tetraclita
Crustaceans described in 1854 |
The John Henry Kirby State Forest is a forest reserve located in Tyler County, Texas. Located just fourteen miles (21 km) south of Woodville and seventeen miles north of Kountze, it is used primarily for research by Texas A&M University. It is open to the public for picnics and touring only. The 6.6 mile Longleaf Nature Trail is located within the state forest. Any revenue generated is donated to student-loan programs at Texas A&M. The land was donated to the state by the lumber baron John Henry Kirby in 1929.
In the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps planted trees, improved timber stands and constructed a residence, fire lookout tower, roads, fire breaks and bridges.
See also
Texas Forest Trail
List of Texas state forests
List of botanical gardens and arboretums in the United States
References
External links
Texas Forest Service website - Texas State Forests - John Henry Kirby Memorial State Forest
Protected areas of Tyler County, Texas
Texas state forests |
Der Penny-Markt auf der Reeperbahn (English: The Penny Market on the Reeperbahn) is a German documentary series by Markus Grün for Spiegel TV on the Penny Market on the Reeperbahn in Hamburg.
Plot
The report is about the Penny market in St. Pauli, which was open daily until 11 p.m. Spiegel TV author Markus Grün documents the daily routine there, which was characterized by theft, drunkards, poverty and a lot of chaos.
Production
The four-part report was shot in 2006 and first broadcast in January 2007 as part of the Spiegel TV on Sat.1. SpiegelTV published this again in 2020 on the web video portal YouTube under the format Spiegel-TV-Classics. The report received such a cult following that it became known that the series should be continued. On the night of November 23 to 24, 2021, the sequel was broadcast on Sat. 1.
The YouTube videos became very popular and parts of the videos were shared as memes.
Criticism
The portrayals of intoxicated alcoholics and homeless people with the narrator's ironic comments have been criticized. Matthias Dell from Deutschlandfunk compared the documentary series with a "90-minute meme".
References
German documentary television series
2000s documentary television series
2020s documentary television series
Der Spiegel
Sat.1 original programming
Films shot in Hamburg |
Finchburg (also Finchberg, Finchburgh) is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Alabama, United States. Amasa Coleman Lee, lawyer, legislator, and the father of Harper Lee, lived and worked in Finchburg.
Notes
Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Alabama
Unincorporated communities in Alabama |
Rashad Ismayilov () — Ambassador of Republic of Azerbaijan to Qatar(2018—2022). Consul General of Azerbaijan Republic in Batumi, Georgia (2015—2018).
Early years
Rashad Ismayilov was born on 7 June 1974 in Baku, then capital of the Azerbaijani SSR. He received his primary and secondary education in No.7 secondary school named after Mammad Rahim and finished the school in 1991. He went to Law Faculty of the Baku State University and graduated from it with a diploma. Furthermore, he also graduated from Finance and Credit Faculty Azerbaijan State University of Economics. After finishing his higher education, Ismayilov become the head of "Həyat" (Life) Non-Governmental Organization's Department of International Law.
Diplomatic career
From 2003 to 2005 he became the leader of the "Progress program for elimination of the poverty" project, organized by Azerbaijani Mission of the United Nations. After that, he participated in various projects such as "Progress program of the National Social Defense System" and "Progress of the National Social Defence System".
On 10 September 2015 Ismayilov received the rank of Second-class Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Azerbaijan. Same year, he became the Consul General of Azerbaijan Republic in Batumi, Georgia. Three years later, on 7 February 2018 President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree that would make Rashad Ismayilov the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Republic of Azerbaijan to the Qatar.
References
Living people
1974 births
Ambassadors of Azerbaijan to Georgia (country)
Ambassadors of Azerbaijan to Qatar
Baku State University alumni
Azerbaijan State University of Economics alumni
Diplomats from Baku |
The Boston University Terriers men's lacrosse team represents Boston University in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college lacrosse. The program was created in 2014. Boston U plays its home games at Nickerson Field, which has a capacity of 9,871. The Terriers have competed in the Patriot League since their 2014 founding. Through 2020, the team has an all–time record of 50–50.
In the team's inaugural season, Boston U scored its first-ever program victory with a 13 to 5 defeat of the Lafayette Leopards. In the program's short history, the Terriers defeated their first ranked foes in route to a 12–5 record in 2017, their best to date. During that campaign, the team upset #17 Navy 8–7 in Annapolis, Maryland, before topping the #19 Loyola Greyhounds 12–11 in an overtime showdown. The victory over the Greyhounds clinched the program's first berth in a Patriot League postseason game and first national ranking. However, a difficult defeat at the hands of Army in the semifinals of the Patriot League tournament denied the Terriers a shot at their first NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship appearance. In 2019, the Terriers again upset Loyola, ranked #2, in a resounding 7 point victory for the highest ranked victory in team history. The victory propelled Boston U to their third consecutive appearance in the Patriot League tournament. Additionally, sophomore attacker Chris Gray gained a 2019 Tewaaraton Award nomination and gained second-team All-American honors after the campaign, prior to his transfer to North Carolina.
Season Results
The following is a list of Boston U's results by season:
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="center"
†NCAA canceled 2020 collegiate activities due to the COVID-19 virus.
References
External links
College men's lacrosse teams in the United States
Patriot League men's lacrosse
2014 establishments in Massachusetts
Lacrosse clubs established in 2014 |
Fausto Andrés Abad (born August 25, 1972) is an American former professional baseball player. Listed at 6' 1" (1.85 m), 184 lb. (83 kg), Abad batted and threw left handed. He is also known as Tulile (to-lee'-leh) in the Dominican Republic.
Born in West Palm Beach, Florida, he is of Cuban descent as his father left Cuba during the Fidel Castro revolution. Before being drafted, he graduated from Jupiter High School in Florida, and then attended Middle Georgia College.
Professional career
Abad was selected by the Boston Red Sox in the 16th round (443rd overall) of the 1993 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his debut with the Gulf Coast Red Sox that year.
In 1994 he advanced to Single-A Sarasota Red Sox, where he hit .288. He remained in Sarasota through part of 1995, advancing to Double-A Trenton Thunder for whom he hit .240.
He was sent back down to Single-A Sarasota in 1996, and hit .287 for them before rejoining Trenton, where he batted .277.
In 1997 he hit .303 in 45 games for Trenton, while collecting the first of multiple .300-plus seasons.
Abad opened 1998 with Triple-A Pawtucket Red Sox, where he hit .307 with 16 home runs and stole 10 bases. The next season, he hit 15 home runs and again posted 10 steals, but was released on October 15, 1999.
In between, Abad had three productive seasons for the Navegantes del Magallanes of the Venezuela Winter League between 1996 and 1999 and also played in the Caribbean Series.
He then went overseas, joining the Kintetsu Buffaloes of the Nippon Baseball League in 2000. Following the season, the Oakland Athletics signed him to a contract. He started with their Triple-A club, the Sacramento River Cats, where he had one of his best minor league seasons, hitting .301 with 19 homers and 92 runs batted in in 124 games. He then batted a .529 average during the 2001 Pacific Coast League playoffs.
Abad made his debut with Oakland late in September, appearing as a pinch hitter for Jeremy Giambi, resulting in a pop fly out. It was his only plate appearance of the year.
After the 2001 season, Abad was granted free agency and later signed with the Florida Marlins. He spent 2002 with their Triple-A affiliate, the Calgary Cannons.
In 2003, he returned with Boston and was assigned to Triple-A Pawtucket, where he posted a .304 average with 13 homers and 93 RBI in 124 games. He made both the International League and Baseball America All-Star teams that season.
He returned to the big leagues during the regular season for a little more than a week with the Red Sox. Appearing in nine games, he hit just .118 in 17 at-bats.
Abad was picked up by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 2004. He hit .292 and 15 home runs with their Triple-A team Nashville Sounds. He was then released, and subsequently signed by the Cleveland Indians in 2005. He played the entire season with Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, collecting a .293 average with 85 RBI and a career high 20 home runs. At the end of the season, he was voted the team co-MVP along with Ryan Garko.
In 2006, Abad signed with the Cincinnati Reds and was included in the opening day 25 man roster. He went 0-for-3 with two walks in only five games and was demoted to Triple-A Louisville Bats, where he hit .267 with nine home runs and 32 RBI in 83 games. He was granted free agency and later signed by the Milwaukee Brewers in 2007. He then was assigned to the Nashville Sounds, for whom he hit .316 in 269 at-bats.
Abad became a free agent before the 2008 season. He was signed by the Pericos de Puebla of the Triple-A Mexican League. After playing 30 games for them, he was released in late April.
Abad also appeared as an emergency pitcher in six minor league seasons spanning 1994–2007. He posted a 3.86 earned run average in seven games, allowing four runs on 12 hits and one walk, including two homers, while striking out four batters in 10 innings of work.
Coaching career
In 2008, Abad was named the hitting coach for the Yakima Bears, a Low-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks organization. He later worked as a roving instructor for the Philadelphia Phillies in 2010.
He currently resides in Jupiter, Florida.
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
American sportspeople of Cuban descent
Baseball coaches from Florida
Baseball players from West Palm Beach, Florida
Boston Red Sox players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Calgary Cannons players
Cincinnati Reds players
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Mexican League baseball first basemen
Mexican League baseball right fielders
Middle Georgia Warriors baseball players
Nashville Sounds players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
Nippon Professional Baseball first basemen
Oakland Athletics players
Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Pericos de Puebla players
Philadelphia Phillies coaches
Sacramento River Cats players
Sarasota Red Sox players
Trenton Thunder players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela |
Mariane Bargiel (née Tromlitz, formerly Wieck; 17 May 1797 – 10 March 1872) was a German pianist, soprano and piano teacher. She was the mother of Clara Schumann.
Life
Born Mariane Tromlitz in Greiz, she was the first child of George Christian Gotthold Tromlitz (1765–1825), a church musician, music teacher and composer, and his wife Christiana Friederica (née Carl) (1766–1830). Her given name is often reported as Marianne. Her siblings were Georg Wilhelm (1799–1801) and Emilie (1802–1885). Her grandfather was the notable flutist and flute builder Johann George Tromlitz. She received first musical training from her father, and then studied with Friedrich Wieck. In her first public concert at age 15 at the Gesellschaftshaus (society hall) in Plauen, she played the piano quartet by Anton Eberl.
On 23 June 1816, she married her teacher Friedrich Wieck in Oberlosa, Vogtland. The lived in Leipzig. During the first years, she appeared successfully as a pianist and singer, and worked as a piano teacher. The couple had five children, Adelheid (1817–1818), Clara Josephine (1819–1896), Friedrich Alwin Feodor (1821-1885), Gustav (1823–1884) and Victor (1824–1826).
She left her husband on 12 May 1824, and first returned to her parents, with Clara, then age 4 1/2, and Victor, a baby of three months. They were divorced on 22 January 1825. As the father customarily held custody of the children, Clara could stay with her mother only until age five, and lived from 17 September 1824 with her father in Leipzig.
Tromlitz married Adolph Bargiel, a piano and voice teacher, in August 1825, and they moved to Berlin in 1826. He became director of a musical academy there, founded by Johann Bernhard Logier, where she also taught. The couple had four children, Woldemar (1828-1897), Eugen (1830–1907), Cäcilie (1832–1910) and Clementine (1835–1869).
Bargiel is listed as a soprano of the Berliner Singakademie from 1827, as a soloist from 1829. The academy had to be closed in 1830. In 1836, Adolph Bargiel suffered a stroke and died after long illness in 1841.
Bargiel joined Stern'scher Gesangverein as a choir member and soloist, and worked as a piano teacher. She died at age 74 in Berlin on 10 March 1872.
References
External links
German pianists
German music educators
German women pianists
German women music educators
German sopranos
1797 births
1872 deaths |
Studio Sessions, 1957, 1965, 1966, 1967, San Francisco, Chicago, New York is the eighth volume of The Private Collection (published by the Canadian label Unidisc as AGEK 2038) - whereas is Volume 5 in the edition of the collection by the English KAZ Jazz Masters label - a series documenting recordings made by American pianist, composer and bandleader Duke Ellington for his personal collection which was first released on the LMR label in 1987 and later on the Saja label.
Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars and stated the album "features particularly strong moments from trumpeter Cat Anderson, altoist Johnny Hodges and tenorman Paul Gonsalves on many little-played Ellington compositions ".
Track listing
:All compositions by Duke Ellington except as indicated
"Countdown" - 2:32
"When I'm Feeling Kinda Blue" - 5:50
"El Viti" (Gerald Wilson) - 3:21
"Draggin' Blues" - 6:10
"Cotton Tail" - 3:42
"Now Ain't It" - 4:16
"The Last Go-Round" - 3:32
"Moon Mist" - 6:13
"Skillipoop" - 2:00
"Banquet Scene (Timon of Athens)" - 2:20
"Love Scene" (Barer, Ellington) 3:08
"Rod la Rocque" - 4:13
"Rhythm Section Blues" - 3:09
"Lele" - 3:07
"Ocht O'Clock Rock" - 3:16
"Lady" (Ellington, Irving Mills, Mitchell Parish) - 3:33
"Rondolet" - 2:43
Recorded in Chicago late January 1957 (track 8), at Fine Studios, New York on March 17, 1965 (tracks 9 & 10), at Coast Recorders Studio, San Francisco on April 14, 1965 (tracks 11-13) and August 30, 1965 (tracks 1-3) at RCA Studio B, New York on December 28, 1966 (tracks 4-7) and July 11, 1967 (tracks 14-17).
Personnel
Duke Ellington – piano
Ray Nance -cornet (tracks 9 & 10), trumpet (track 8)
Nat Adderley (tracks 1-3 & 11-13), Cat Anderson, Willie Cook (track 8), Mercer Ellington (tracks 1-3 & 11-17), Herb Jones (tracks 9, 10 & 14-17), Howard McGhee (tracks 9 & 10), Allen Smith (tracks 1-3 & 11-13), Clark Terry (track 8), Cootie Williams (tracks 4-7 & 14-17) - trumpet
Lawrence Brown (tracks 1-3 & 8-17), Buster Cooper (tracks 1-3 & 8-17), Quentin Jackson (track 8), Britt Woodman (track 8) - trombone
John Sanders - valve trombone (track 8)
Chuck Connors - bass trombone (tracks 1-3 & 8-17)
Jimmy Hamilton - clarinet, tenor saxophone (tracks 1-3 & 8-17)
Russell Procope - alto saxophone, clarinet (tracks 1-3 & 8-17)
Johnny Hodges - alto saxophone
Paul Gonsalves - tenor saxophone
Harry Carney - baritone saxophone
John Lamb (track 1-7 & 9-17), Jimmy Woode (track 8)- bass
Louis Bellson (tracks 1-3 & 11-13), Chris Columbus (tracks 14-17), Rufus Jones (tracks 4-7), Sam Woodyard (tracks 8-10) - drums
References
Saja Records albums
Duke Ellington albums
1987 albums |
In statistical models applied to psychometrics, congeneric reliability ("rho C") a single-administration test score reliability (i.e., the reliability of persons over items holding occasion fixed[2]) coefficient, commonly referred to as composite reliability, construct reliability, and coefficient omega.
is a structural equation model (SEM)-based reliability coefficients and is obtained from on a unidimensional model.
is the second most commonly used reliability factor after tau-equivalent reliability(), and is often recommended as its alternative.
Formula and calculation
Systematic and conventional formula
Let denote the observed score of item and denote the sum of all items in a test consisting of items.
It is assumed that each item's (observation) score consists of the item's (unobserved) true score and the item's error (i.e., ).
The congeneric model assumes that each item's true score is a linear combination of a common factor () (i.e., ).
is often referred to as a factor loading of item .
is the sum of all the elements of the fitted/implied covariance matrix of obtained from estimates of 's and 's.
's "systematic formula" is:
Its conventional (i.e., more often used) formula is:
Example
These are the estimates of the factor loadings and errors:
Compare this value with the value of applying tau-equivalent reliability to the same data.
History
's formula was first introduced by Jöreskog (1971) in a matrix notation.
Its conventional formula first appeared in Werts et al. (1974).
They did not give the formula a special name and just referred to it as "reliability".
In other words, this formula has no official name, and this absence causes various versions of the name to be created.
Names of congeneric reliability
has been referred to by various names between applied researchers and between reliability researchers. In addition, the names used by applied researchers differ from the names used by reliability researchers. This diversity and difference create confusion and inaccuracies in communication.
Composite reliability
The term composite reliability is short for the 'reliability of composite scores'.
Unless measured by a single item, all reliability coefficients are composite reliability.
Therefore, this name is not suitable as a specific formula name.
The name composite reliability gives the impression that this reliability coefficient is complex, or that it has been synthesized from other reliability coefficients.
Werts et al. (1978) also called this formula "reliability".
However, they used the expression "the composite reliability" once as an abbreviation of the reliability of a composite score to distinguish the reliability of a single item. Since then, this unintended name has been used as the name of this formula.
Applied researchers most often use this name when referring to . Researchers who publish papers on reliability rarely use this name.
Construct reliability
Construct reliability is short for the 'reliability of a construct'.
Construct is synonymous with concept. A construct is a theoretical and abstract entity and is embodied through measurement.
We can estimate the reliability of a measurement, but not the reliability of a construct.
For example, you can say the reliability of "a measure of height", but not the reliability of the concept of "height".
Construct reliability is a term that is not logically established.
Let's say that this term makes sense.
All other reliability coefficients also originate from the measurement of a construct and should be called construct reliability.
Construct reliability is not suitable as a term referring to a specific reliability coefficient.
The term has been used in the books of Hair and his colleagues, the world's best sellers for practical statistical analysis.
Applied researchers use the term construct reliability at a frequency of 1/3 of composite reliability. Researchers who publish papers on reliability rarely use this name.
Coefficient omega
Various SEM-based reliability coefficients are referred to as , typically without a definition. Therefore, it is difficult for readers to know exactly what the name refers to. This practice reduces the accuracy of communication. If we need a generic name to refer to a variety of reliability coefficients, using rather than is more traditional.
The name coefficient is based on McDonald's (1985, 1999) claim that McDonald (1970) first developed .
In his paper on exploratory factor analysis (EFA), McDonald (1970) presents a reliability formula using the symbol. This formula was included in the footnote of the article without any explanation.
McDonald (1985) refers to a formula algebraically equivalent to as in his book. He also says that the presented by McDonald (1970) is renamed .
McDonald (1999) describes various types of reliability coefficients (e.g., unidimensional and multi-dimensional models) as . He explicitly declares that he first proposed . McDonald (1985, 1999)) does not cite Jöreskog (1971) or Werts et al. (1974).
The following objections were made. First, the formula proposed by McDonald (1970) was not new. If this formula were of high academic value at that time, it would not have been presented without explanation in the footnotes. In the context of EFA, there are studies suggesting similar reliability formulas.
Second, McDonald (1970)'s differs from . The denominator of the formula given by McDonald (1970) is observed covariances, and the denominator of is fitted covariances.
Third, McDonald (1970) did not discuss how to actually obtain this coefficient. While it is easy to derive a reliability formula, the more important barrier at that time was how to obtain estimates of each parameter. Jöreskog has addressed this issue across studies.
Fourth, it was Jöreskog (1971) that actually influenced users. McDonald (1970) was occasionally cited in EFA literature, but rarely cited in reliability literature. The expression coefficients was rarely used before 2009.
Applied researchers rarely use this name.
Researchers who publish papers on reliability often use this name recently.
Congeneric reliability
Unlike other names that give no information about the characteristics of the coefficients, the name congeneric reliability contains information about when this coefficient should be used.
Jöreskog (1971) did not propose a name for , but referred to the measurement model from which was derived as a congeneric model. The name congeneric reliability has been used occasionally in reliability literature since then. Cho (2016) proposed that this coefficient be referred to as for a consistent system with other reliability coefficients.
Related coefficients
A related coefficient is average variance extracted.
References
External links
RelCalc, tools to calculate congeneric reliability and other coefficients.
Handbook of Management Scales, Wikibook that contains management related measurement models, their indicators and often congeneric reliability.
Comparison of assessments
Psychometrics
Statistical reliability |
Matri Bhandar () is a Bangladeshi traditional confectionery store well known for Rasmalai. The taste of Rasmalai of Matri Bhandar has been appreciated in various national and international important places and events. Rasmalai of Matribhandar is on the list of favorite food of various famous and important personalities. Among them are Earl Robert Miller and Geeta Pasi who expressed their love for Matri Bhandar's product.
Location
The Matri Bhandar shop in Comilla town is located along with three other popular confectionery shops in Manoharpur suburb. The shop has been built very close to Rajarajeshwari Kalibari.
History
Khanindra and Monindra Sengupta were proprietor of the shop when it was established. They were two brothers originated from Brahmanbaria who built the shop in 1930 using one man's space. Ten years later, after one of the two founding brothers left for the land of no return, Shankar Sen inherited his father's shop and started running it. Khaninder Sen's son Shankar Sen died 78 years after taking charge of the shop. The current owner of Matri Bhandar is Anirban Sen Gupta. Over time, Rasmalai of Matri Bhandar has become a part of the national culture of Comilla in this era.
Store ownership
1st generation: Khanindra Sen Gupta & Manindra Sen Gupta
2nd generation: Shanker Sen Gupta
3rd generation: Anirban Sen Gupta
Sales
In February 2021, price of Rasmalai was Tk 260 per kg. In November, the price increased by Taka 20. There is a limit for purchase till 5kg. Matri Bhandar sells at least 1000kg Rasmalai per day.
Confectionery stores in the same name
There are many sweet shops in Comilla in the same name "Matri Bhandar". So it is difficult for people to find the real Matri Bhandar shop. In most cases, fake shops has a slight difference in the name, such as a word before or after the name.
GI Registration
The government is continuing its efforts to get Rasmalai geographical indication registration for the Matri Bhandar.
In popular culture
In the book Misir Ali Omnibas (Vol. 2) of Misir Ali's novel series, it is mentioned that a character has bought a packet of Matri Bhandar's Rasmalai.
References
External Links
Culture in Comilla
Confectionery stores
Confectionery companies
Food and drink companies of Bangladesh
Retail companies of Bangladesh
1930 establishments in British India
Food and drink companies established in 1930 |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rewrite.token.generator.ddl;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.constant.EncryptColumnDataType;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.exception.metadata.EncryptColumnAlterException;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rewrite.token.pojo.EncryptAlterTableToken;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rewrite.token.pojo.EncryptColumnToken;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rule.EncryptRule;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rule.column.EncryptColumn;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rule.column.item.AssistedQueryColumnItem;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rule.column.item.LikeQueryColumnItem;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.rule.table.EncryptTable;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.encrypt.spi.EncryptAlgorithm;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.binder.context.statement.SQLStatementContext;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.binder.context.statement.ddl.AlterTableStatementContext;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.exception.core.ShardingSpherePreconditions;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rewrite.sql.token.common.generator.CollectionSQLTokenGenerator;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rewrite.sql.token.common.pojo.SQLToken;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rewrite.sql.token.common.pojo.Substitutable;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rewrite.sql.token.common.pojo.generic.RemoveToken;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.ddl.column.ColumnDefinitionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.ddl.column.alter.AddColumnDefinitionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.ddl.column.alter.ChangeColumnDefinitionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.ddl.column.alter.DropColumnDefinitionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.ddl.column.alter.ModifyColumnDefinitionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.ddl.column.position.ColumnPositionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.dml.column.ColumnSegment;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
/**
* Alter table token generator for encrypt.
*/
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Setter
public final class EncryptAlterTableTokenGenerator implements CollectionSQLTokenGenerator<AlterTableStatementContext> {
private final EncryptRule encryptRule;
@Override
public boolean isGenerateSQLToken(final SQLStatementContext sqlStatementContext) {
return sqlStatementContext instanceof AlterTableStatementContext;
}
@Override
public Collection<SQLToken> generateSQLTokens(final AlterTableStatementContext sqlStatementContext) {
String tableName = sqlStatementContext.getSqlStatement().getTable().getTableName().getIdentifier().getValue();
EncryptTable encryptTable = encryptRule.getEncryptTable(tableName);
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>(getAddColumnTokens(encryptTable, sqlStatementContext.getSqlStatement().getAddColumnDefinitions()));
result.addAll(getModifyColumnTokens(encryptTable, sqlStatementContext.getSqlStatement().getModifyColumnDefinitions()));
result.addAll(getChangeColumnTokens(encryptTable, sqlStatementContext.getSqlStatement().getChangeColumnDefinitions()));
List<SQLToken> dropColumnTokens = getDropColumnTokens(encryptTable, sqlStatementContext.getSqlStatement().getDropColumnDefinitions());
String databaseName = sqlStatementContext.getDatabaseType().getType();
if ("SQLServer".equals(databaseName)) {
result.addAll(mergeDropColumnStatement(dropColumnTokens, "", ""));
} else if ("Oracle".equals(databaseName)) {
result.addAll(mergeDropColumnStatement(dropColumnTokens, "(", ")"));
} else {
result.addAll(dropColumnTokens);
}
return result;
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getAddColumnTokens(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final Collection<AddColumnDefinitionSegment> segments) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (AddColumnDefinitionSegment each : segments) {
result.addAll(getAddColumnTokens(encryptTable, each));
}
return result;
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getAddColumnTokens(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final AddColumnDefinitionSegment segment) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (ColumnDefinitionSegment each : segment.getColumnDefinitions()) {
String columnName = each.getColumnName().getIdentifier().getValue();
if (encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(columnName)) {
result.addAll(getAddColumnTokens(encryptTable.getEncryptColumn(columnName), segment, each));
}
}
getAddColumnPositionToken(encryptTable, segment).ifPresent(result::add);
return result;
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getAddColumnTokens(final EncryptColumn encryptColumn,
final AddColumnDefinitionSegment addColumnDefinitionSegment, final ColumnDefinitionSegment columnDefinitionSegment) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
result.add(new RemoveToken(columnDefinitionSegment.getStartIndex(), columnDefinitionSegment.getStopIndex()));
result.add(new EncryptColumnToken(columnDefinitionSegment.getStopIndex() + 1, columnDefinitionSegment.getStopIndex(),
encryptColumn.getCipher().getName(), EncryptColumnDataType.DEFAULT_DATA_TYPE));
encryptColumn.getAssistedQuery().map(optional -> new EncryptColumnToken(addColumnDefinitionSegment.getStopIndex() + 1,
addColumnDefinitionSegment.getStopIndex(), ", ADD COLUMN " + optional.getName(), EncryptColumnDataType.DEFAULT_DATA_TYPE)).ifPresent(result::add);
encryptColumn.getLikeQuery().map(optional -> new EncryptColumnToken(addColumnDefinitionSegment.getStopIndex() + 1,
addColumnDefinitionSegment.getStopIndex(), ", ADD COLUMN " + optional.getName(), EncryptColumnDataType.DEFAULT_DATA_TYPE)).ifPresent(result::add);
return result;
}
private Optional<SQLToken> getAddColumnPositionToken(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final AddColumnDefinitionSegment segment) {
Optional<ColumnPositionSegment> columnPositionSegment = segment.getColumnPosition().filter(optional -> null != optional.getColumnName());
if (columnPositionSegment.isPresent()) {
String columnName = columnPositionSegment.get().getColumnName().getIdentifier().getValue();
if (encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(columnName)) {
return Optional.of(getPositionColumnToken(encryptTable.getEncryptColumn(columnName), segment.getColumnPosition().get()));
}
}
return Optional.empty();
}
private EncryptAlterTableToken getPositionColumnToken(final EncryptColumn encryptColumn, final ColumnPositionSegment segment) {
return new EncryptAlterTableToken(segment.getColumnName().getStartIndex(), segment.getStopIndex(), encryptColumn.getCipher().getName(), null);
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getModifyColumnTokens(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final Collection<ModifyColumnDefinitionSegment> segments) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (ModifyColumnDefinitionSegment each : segments) {
String columnName = each.getColumnDefinition().getColumnName().getIdentifier().getValue();
ShardingSpherePreconditions.checkState(!encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(columnName), () -> new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported operation 'modify' for the cipher column"));
each.getColumnPosition().flatMap(optional -> getColumnPositionToken(encryptTable, optional)).ifPresent(result::add);
}
return result;
}
private Optional<SQLToken> getColumnPositionToken(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final ColumnPositionSegment segment) {
if (null == segment.getColumnName()) {
return Optional.empty();
}
String columnName = segment.getColumnName().getIdentifier().getValue();
return encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(columnName) ? Optional.of(getPositionColumnToken(encryptTable.getEncryptColumn(columnName), segment)) : Optional.empty();
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getChangeColumnTokens(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final Collection<ChangeColumnDefinitionSegment> segments) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (ChangeColumnDefinitionSegment each : segments) {
String columnName = each.getPreviousColumn().getIdentifier().getValue();
ShardingSpherePreconditions.checkState(!encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(columnName), () -> new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported operation 'change' for the cipher column"));
result.addAll(getChangeColumnTokens(encryptTable, each));
each.getColumnPosition().flatMap(optional -> getColumnPositionToken(encryptTable, optional)).ifPresent(result::add);
}
return result;
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getChangeColumnTokens(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final ChangeColumnDefinitionSegment segment) {
String previousColumnName = segment.getPreviousColumn().getIdentifier().getValue();
String columnName = segment.getColumnDefinition().getColumnName().getIdentifier().getValue();
isSameEncryptColumn(encryptTable, previousColumnName, columnName);
if (!encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(columnName) || !encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(previousColumnName)) {
return Collections.emptyList();
}
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
EncryptColumn previousEncryptColumn = encryptTable.getEncryptColumn(previousColumnName);
EncryptColumn encryptColumn = encryptTable.getEncryptColumn(columnName);
result.addAll(getPreviousColumnTokens(previousEncryptColumn, segment));
result.addAll(getColumnTokens(previousEncryptColumn, encryptColumn, segment));
return result;
}
private void isSameEncryptColumn(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final String previousColumnName, final String columnName) {
Optional<EncryptAlgorithm> previousEncryptor = encryptTable.findEncryptor(previousColumnName);
Optional<EncryptAlgorithm> currentEncryptor = encryptTable.findEncryptor(columnName);
if (!previousEncryptor.isPresent() && !currentEncryptor.isPresent()) {
return;
}
ShardingSpherePreconditions.checkState(previousEncryptor.equals(currentEncryptor) && checkPreviousAndAfterHasSameColumnNumber(encryptTable, previousColumnName, columnName),
() -> new EncryptColumnAlterException(encryptTable.getTable(), columnName, previousColumnName));
}
private boolean checkPreviousAndAfterHasSameColumnNumber(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final String previousColumnName, final String columnName) {
EncryptColumn previousEncryptColumn = encryptTable.getEncryptColumn(previousColumnName);
EncryptColumn encryptColumn = encryptTable.getEncryptColumn(columnName);
if (previousEncryptColumn.getAssistedQuery().isPresent() && !encryptColumn.getAssistedQuery().isPresent()) {
return false;
}
if (previousEncryptColumn.getLikeQuery().isPresent() && !encryptColumn.getLikeQuery().isPresent()) {
return false;
}
return previousEncryptColumn.getAssistedQuery().isPresent() || !encryptColumn.getAssistedQuery().isPresent();
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getPreviousColumnTokens(final EncryptColumn previousEncryptColumn, final ChangeColumnDefinitionSegment segment) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
result.add(new RemoveToken(segment.getPreviousColumn().getStartIndex(), segment.getPreviousColumn().getStopIndex()));
result.add(new EncryptAlterTableToken(segment.getPreviousColumn().getStopIndex() + 1, segment.getPreviousColumn().getStopIndex(), previousEncryptColumn.getCipher().getName(), null));
return result;
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getColumnTokens(final EncryptColumn previousEncryptColumn, final EncryptColumn encryptColumn, final ChangeColumnDefinitionSegment segment) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
result.add(new RemoveToken(segment.getColumnDefinition().getColumnName().getStartIndex(), segment.getColumnDefinition().getStopIndex()));
result.add(new EncryptColumnToken(segment.getColumnDefinition().getStopIndex() + 1, segment.getColumnDefinition().getStopIndex(),
encryptColumn.getCipher().getName(), EncryptColumnDataType.DEFAULT_DATA_TYPE));
previousEncryptColumn.getAssistedQuery().map(optional -> new EncryptColumnToken(segment.getStopIndex() + 1, segment.getStopIndex(),
", CHANGE COLUMN " + optional.getName() + " " + encryptColumn.getAssistedQuery().map(AssistedQueryColumnItem::getName).orElse(""),
EncryptColumnDataType.DEFAULT_DATA_TYPE)).ifPresent(result::add);
previousEncryptColumn.getLikeQuery().map(optional -> new EncryptColumnToken(segment.getStopIndex() + 1, segment.getStopIndex(),
", CHANGE COLUMN " + optional.getName() + " " + encryptColumn.getLikeQuery().map(LikeQueryColumnItem::getName).orElse(""),
EncryptColumnDataType.DEFAULT_DATA_TYPE)).ifPresent(result::add);
return result;
}
private List<SQLToken> getDropColumnTokens(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final Collection<DropColumnDefinitionSegment> segments) {
List<SQLToken> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (DropColumnDefinitionSegment each : segments) {
result.addAll(getDropColumnTokens(encryptTable, each));
}
return result;
}
private Collection<SQLToken> getDropColumnTokens(final EncryptTable encryptTable, final DropColumnDefinitionSegment segment) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
for (ColumnSegment each : segment.getColumns()) {
ShardingSpherePreconditions.checkState(!encryptTable.isEncryptColumn(each.getQualifiedName()),
() -> new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported operation 'drop' for the cipher column"));
}
return result;
}
private Collection<SQLToken> mergeDropColumnStatement(final List<SQLToken> dropSQLTokens, final String leftJoiner, final String rightJoiner) {
Collection<SQLToken> result = new LinkedList<>();
Collection<String> dropColumns = new LinkedList<>();
int lastStartIndex = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < dropSQLTokens.size(); i++) {
SQLToken token = dropSQLTokens.get(i);
if (token instanceof RemoveToken) {
result.add(0 == i ? token : new RemoveToken(lastStartIndex, ((RemoveToken) token).getStopIndex()));
} else {
EncryptAlterTableToken encryptAlterTableToken = (EncryptAlterTableToken) token;
dropColumns.add(encryptAlterTableToken.getColumnName());
if (i == dropSQLTokens.size() - 1) {
result.add(new EncryptAlterTableToken(token.getStartIndex(), encryptAlterTableToken.getStopIndex(), leftJoiner + String.join(",", dropColumns) + rightJoiner, "DROP COLUMN"));
}
}
lastStartIndex = ((Substitutable) token).getStartIndex();
}
return result;
}
}
``` |
The Mengshi 917 is a Full-size Luxury SUV manufactured by the Dongfeng Motor Corporation under the Mengshi brand. The 917, which is the first vehicle under the Mengshi brand, was introduced in August 2022 and launched the following year. It is also part of the Dongfeng Mengshi family of off-road vehicles.
Overview
The 917 was previewed by the Dongfeng Mengshi M-Terrain EV SUV concept car. The prototype was introduced in August 2022 during the launch of the independent Mengshi brand, with the production 917 being unveiled in January 2023. Production started on 5 April and the vehicle was launched for the Chinese market on 25 August 2023.
Specifications
The 917 comes in two versions, the BEV and the EREV. The BEV version is equipped four electric motors with a battery capacity of 142.7 kWh and its maximum range reached up to . The four motors drive each of four wheels which produce respectively, giving a total power of .
The EREV version has an 1.5L inline-four turbocharged petrol engine as a generator which has , powering three motors (one on front axle and two on rear axle), giving of power output combined. The battery capacity of EREV version is 65.8 kWh which enable the vehicle to drive on pure electric range.
References
Mengshi 917
Full-size sport utility vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Electric car models
Hybrid sport utility vehicles
Cars introduced in 2023 |
Warren Emmett Lahr (September 5, 1923 – January 19, 1969) was a professional American football defensive back who played for the Cleveland Browns for 11 seasons, mainly in the 1950s. When he retired, he had the most career interceptions in Browns team history with 44.
Lahr grew up in Pennsylvania and starred on the West Wyoming High School football team. After graduating in 1941, he attended Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio and played football for the Red Cats as a reserve in 1942. He then served for three years in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He returned to Western Reserve in 1946 and became a star for the team as a left halfback for two seasons.
Lahr was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) in the 1947 draft. However, he signed with the Browns of the rival All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Lahr sat out the 1948 season with an injured knee, but quickly became a regular on defense the following season. He stayed with the Browns through 1959, a period during which the team won one AAFC championship and three NFL championships after merging into that league in 1950.
Lahr has the second-most career interceptions in Browns history, trailing only Thom Darden, who passed him with his 45th and final interception in 1981. After leaving the Browns, Lahr settled in Aurora, Ohio and served as a color commentator for Browns games between 1963 and 1967. He died of a heart attack in 1969 at the age of 45.
Early life and college
Lahr Grew up in West Wyoming, Pennsylvania, a small town in the eastern part of the state. He attended West Wyoming High School, where he was a standout on the football team. However, West Wyoming did not have a strong team, and Lahr's only college scholarship offer came from Western Reserve University, a small school in Cleveland, Ohio. Lahr graduated in 1941 and enrolled at Western Reserve.
Lahr began as a reserve player under Western Reserve head coach Tom Davies in 1942, when he was a sophomore. He played halfback for the Western Reserve Red Cats. However, his college career was interrupted by three years of service in the U.S. Navy during World War II. Lahr returned to Western Reserve in 1946 and had a successful junior season as a left halfback. The Red Cats went undefeated against the three other rival Cleveland schools of the Big Four Conference, and Lahr was named to the 11-member All-Big Four city all-star team after the season. He also won the school's Jack Dempsey Adam Hat trophy for his performance.
Lahr figured prominently in Western Reserve's offense as a senior in 1947. He was switched from halfback to quarterback midway through the season. However, the team was less successful than the previous year.
After the season, officials at the Mid-American Conference, of which Western Reserve was a member, ruled that Lahr and other players who had served in the war could have an extra year of eligibility to play football. Lahr had exhausted his eligibility by playing in 1942, 1946 and 1947, but was not expected to have enough course credits to graduate until 1949. However, Lahr decided to forgo his extra year at Western Reserve and signed with the Cleveland Browns, a professional team in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) coached by Paul Brown. Lahr was also selected by the National Football League's Pittsburgh Steelers late in the NFL draft.
Professional career
Lahr came to the Browns in 1948 as a third-string quarterback, but had to sit out while recovering from a knee injury he suffered before the season began. The Browns went undefeated in 1948 and won a third straight AAFC championship.
Lahr's first playing time with the team came in 1949, when Cleveland again won the AAFC championship. Brown came close to cutting Lahr when he made a mistake on defense during a preseason game against the San Francisco 49ers. However, Lahr made the team and started the year as a left halfback. He was switched to safety in the middle of the season and played primarily on defense after Browns starter Cliff Lewis was injured. Substituting for Lewis, Lahr quickly became a regular starter on defense and finished the year with four interceptions. One of his interceptions came at the end of a divisional playoff game against the Buffalo Bills and helped the Browns retain a 24–21 lead.
The AAFC dissolved after the 1949 season and the Browns were absorbed by the NFL. Lahr stayed with the team after the transition and was a mainstay of the defensive backfield throughout the 1950s, playing opposite Tommy James. The Browns won the NFL championship in their first year in the league, when Lahr recorded eight interceptions, including two he ran back for touchdowns. He had two interceptions in the Browns' 30–28 win over the Los Angeles Rams in the championship game.
Lahr continued to play mainly as a defensive left halfback in the following seasons, although he spent time at safety in 1952 and his final season in 1959. The Browns advanced to the NFL championship each year between 1951 and 1953, but lost once to the Rams and twice to the Detroit Lions. Lahr was named a first-team All-Pro by sportswriters in 1951, when he had five interceptions and returned two of them for touchdowns. His blown coverage on a late-game touchdown catch by Jim Doran of the Lions in the 1953 championship was a major factor in the Browns loss. He was nevertheless named to the Pro Bowl after the season, having made five interceptions and returned them for 119 yards. The Browns repeated as NFL champions in 1954 and 1955 behind a strong defense and an offensive attack led by quarterback Otto Graham. Lahr was named a first-team All-Pro for the second time in 1956.
Cleveland reached the NFL championship in 1957, losing to the Lions, and made the playoffs in 1958. Lahr stayed with the Browns through the 1959 season, when he was switched from defensive halfback to safety. He had 44 interceptions in his Browns career, which stood as the record for most team interceptions by a Browns player until it was later broken by Thom Darden. He also ran back five interceptions for touchdowns, which remains a team record.
Later life and death
After retiring from football, Lahr settled in Aurora, Ohio and served as the color commentator alongside announcer Ken Coleman for Browns games broadcast on WJW channel 8 in Cleveland between 1963 and 1967. He was dropped when CBS made changes to its broadcasting lineup in 1968, but continued to work on preseason games. He also worked as a sales agent for Lax Industries in Cleveland and ran a sporting goods business with his close friend Ed Lewis, the athletic director at Adelbert College, which was part of Western Reserve.
Lahr died unexpectedly of a heart attack in 1969, when he was 45 years old. He had recently passed a physical examination, but had come down with the flu the previous week. He and his wife, Rowena, had five daughters. In 2008, Lahr was named a Browns Legend, an honor given by the franchise to a selection of the best players in its history.
References
Bibliography
External links
Lahr 29th on Plain Dealer list of Cleveland Browns' greatest players
1923 births
1969 deaths
American football defensive backs
Case Western Spartans football players
Cleveland Browns announcers
Cleveland Browns (AAFC) players
Cleveland Browns players
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
People from Aurora, Ohio
Players of American football from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
United States Navy personnel of World War II |
The Official Star Tribune Homer Hanky is a handkerchief-like rally towel printed for the Minnesota Twins. It was first introduced during the 1987 pennant race by the Minneapolis Star Tribune as a promotional item when the Twins won the American League Western division (AL West). Homer Hankies have been reprinted with different designs over the years to commemorate various occasions, including division titles, the inaugural opening day at Target Field, and the 2014 All Star Game. The Homer Hanky has been manufactured by several companies over the years, including Bensussen, Deutsch & Associates LLC and Winona, Minnesota based company, WinCraft Inc.
Years
1987
Star Tribune promotions manager Terrie Robbins thought up the idea of a Homer Hanky as a way to promote the newspaper during the Twins' 1987 playoff run. In a 2010 article, Tim McGuire, managing editor of the Star Tribune, contended that the beginnings of the Hanky were not without opposition from the Twins. He cites the organization's concerns from distracting players to being "the laughing stock of baseball". After handing out 60,000 Homer Hanky and a second inning Gary Gaetti home run in Game 1 of the ALCS, Terrie recalls, "I get teary-eyed and get goose bumps just telling you this, but when I looked, the stadium was awash with hankies cheering the Twins." In the coming weeks, a total of 2.3 million hankies were distributed.
The October 7, 1987 debut of the Homer Hanky was ranked #11 on the Top 100 Metrodome Moments
Occasion: AL West Champions
Image: Red, baseball-shaped logo
Slogan: "Championship Drive"
Printed at the end of the season
Twins won World Series (4–1 ALCS def Detroit Tigers, 4–3 WS, def St. Louis Cardinals)
1988
Before the start of the 1988 season, the Star Tribune and the Twins developed their own versions of a new white hanky, though there were talks about merging the ideas. Since the Star Tribune owned the Homer Hanky trademark, its version became the official Homer Hanky, while the Twins sold separate white hanky with the team's 1988 logo.
Occasion: Celebration of 1987 World Series Championship and hopes of a repeat
Image: Red, baseball diamond-shaped logo.
Slogan: "Just As Great In '88"
Printed at the beginning of the season
Twins finished 2nd in AL West behind the Oakland Athletics
1991
Occasion: AL West Champions
Image: Red, baseball-shaped logo.
Slogan: "The Magic Is Back"
Printed at the end of the season
Twins won World Series (4-1 ALCS def Toronto Blue Jays, 4-3 WS, def Atlanta Braves)
2002
In 2002 there seems to be two sizes of the Homer Hanky "Proud and Loud". A larger and "normal" size of 15 inch square and a smaller size of 13 inches square with "hanky stitching" on the edge.
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: Red, baseball-shaped logo.
Slogan: "Proud and Loud"
2003
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: Blue, baseball-shaped logo.
Slogan: "Every Fan Counts"
2004
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: Red, outline of a baseball field
Printed at the end of the season
2006
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: Red, State of Minnesota with Minnie and Paul Logo (similar to the Twins logo from 1961 to 1986)
2007
Occasion: 20th Anniversary of the 1987 World Series victory
Image: 1987 World Series logo
Slogan: "20th Anniversary Homer Hanky"
2009
Occasion: AL Central Championship (6-5 victory against the Detroit Tigers in Game 163)
Image: Red Minnesota
Slogan: "This is Twins Territory"
2010
Regular Season Hanky
Occasion: 2010 Home Opener at Target Field (Inaugural game of the inaugural season at Target Field)
Image: Official Target Field inaugural season logo
Slogan: "The Official Opening Day Homer Hanky" with "April 12th, 2010 Twins vs. Red Sox" across the bottom.
Postseason Hanky
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: Minnie and Paul logo
Slogan: "Championship Drive"
2014
Occasion: All-Star Game on July 11, 2014.
Image: Solid red Minnesota
Slogan: "All Star Week 2014"
2019
The Star Tribune announced, in celebration of the Twins winning the AL Central regular season division championship in 2019, that a new Homer Hanky would be released. They noted that the new hanky will not be white, as in previous years. This was the result of Major League Baseball adding a new rule forbidding white rally towels. It also took on a different fabric, changing to a thicker towel rather than a thin handkerchief. On April 19, 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was announced that the Twins would use leftover 2019 Homer Hankies to make CDC compliant face masks and donate them to health care and grocery workers. This was done in conjunction with Cub Foods, Love Your Melon, and Faribault Woolen Mill Co.
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: White baseball outline on red towel
Slogan: "Welcome to BOMBA SZN"
2020
The 2020 Homer Hanky retained the thicker towel fabric from 2019, but it did return to the traditional white color. Since fans were not allowed in the stadium during the playoffs, there would be no violation of MLB's white towel rule.
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: White outline of Minnesota with a red house at the bottom
Slogan: 2020 Homer Hanky
2023
The 2023 Homer Hanky returned to the original fabric, but switched back to the red color to avoid violating MLB's white towel rule.
Occasion: AL Central Champions
Image: Slogan in front of a horizontal striped background
Slogan: We Believe
See also
Handy horn
Rally towel
Terrible Towel
Vuvuzela
References
Minnesota Twins
Sports paraphernalia
1987 introductions |
The University of Denver Ski Team is a collegiate team that has won a record 24 NCAA Championships the first dating back to 1954. Under the direction of coach Willy Schaeffler, a member of the National Ski Hall of Fame, the Pioneers skied their way to 13 championships. Under Schaeffler's leadership, the University of Denver Ski Team "completely dominated intercollegiate skiing" in the United States for two decades.
Schaeffler's "passion for preparedness" and tough training regimen yielded "remarkable" success in competition.
The program was absent from 1984–1992, but surged back onto the national scene winning eight of the first 12 NCAA Championships this century. The Alpine team currently practices less than 70 miles away from campus at Winter Park Resort. The Nordic team calls Devil's Thumb Ranch Resort home, only 78 miles from the university.
National championships
The Pioneers won their 24th team championship in 2018, the most by any ski team in NCAA history. Colorado is second with 20 titles, and Utah is third with 11. The 24 ski titles are the third most NCAA Division I titles among any team in any single sport. Oklahoma State wrestling holds the most national titles with 34, followed by Southern Cal men’s outdoor track and field (26) and Iowa wrestling (23).
Individual National Champions
The Pioneers have produced 80 NCAA individual champions, including three in 2011.
Denver Skiing Olympic athletes
1948 St. Moritz, Switzerland
Donald Johnson (USA)
Alva Hiatt (USA)
Gordon Wren (USA)
1952 Oslo, Norway
Alvin Wegeman (USA)
Keith Wegeman (USA)
Willis Olson (USA)
Theodore Farwell (USA)
Catherine Rudolph (USA)
1956 Cortina, Italy
Marvin Crawford (USA)
Willis Olson (USA)
Theodore Farwell (USA)
Gladys Werner (USA)
Catherine Rudolph (USA)
Clarence Servold (Canada)
1960 Squaw Valley, California, USA
John R. Cress (USA)
Craig M. Lussi (USA)
Alfred L. Vincelette (USA)
Theodore A. Farwell (USA)
Charles T. Ferries (USA)
Ansten Samuelstuen (USA)
Max S. Marolt (USA)
Willy Schaeffler, Coach (USA)
Clarence L. Servold (Canada)
1964 Innsbruck, Austria
Charles T. Ferries (USA)
Richard G. “Rip” McManus (USA)
James E. Shea (USA)
Asten Samuelstuen (USA)
Jon Terje Øverland (Norway)
1968 Grenoble, France
Fred S. Chaffee II (USA)
Georg R. Krog (USA)
Dennis M. McCoy (USA)
Otto Tschudi (Norway)
Mike A. Devecka (USA)
Jon Terje Øverland Norway
Charles T. Ferries, Coach USA
1972 Sapporo, Japan
Fred S. Chaffee II (USA)
Eric J. Poulsen (USA)
Otto Tschudi (Norway)
Reuben T. Palmer (USA)
Terry J. Palmer (USA)
Mike A. Devecka (USA)
Willy Schaeffler, Coach USA
Paul D. Rachetto, Coach USA
James E. Shea, Coach USA
1976 Innsbruck, Austria
Odd Hammernes (Norway)
Mike A. Devecka (USA)
Robert F. Kiesel, Coach USA
1980 Lake Placid, N.Y.
Mike A. Devecka (USA)
Robert F. Kiesel, Coach USA
Dave Durrance, Coach USA
1984 Sarajevo, Yugoslavia
John McMurtry, Coach USA
1994 Lillehammer, Norway
Jeanette Lunde (Norway)
1998 Nagano, Japan
Andrzej Bachleda (Poland)
Sophie Ormond (Great Britain)
2002 Salt Lake City, Utah
Andrzej Bachleda (Poland)
2010 – Vancouver, Canada
Leif Kristian Haugen (Norway)
2014 – Sochi, Russia
Leif Kristian Haugen (Norway)
Sebastian Brigovic (Croatia)
Trevor Philp (Canada)
Andrea Komsic (Croatia)
2018 – PyeongChang, South Korea
Leif Kristian Haugen (Norway) Bronze Medal
Erik Read (Canada)
Trevor Philp (Canada)
Andrea Komsic (Croatia)
See also
List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships
References |
Figure-ground contrast, in the context of map design, is a property of a map in which the map image can be partitioned into a single feature or type of feature that is considered as an object of attention (the figure), with the remainder of the map being relegated to the background, outside the current focus of attention. It is thus based on the concept of figure–ground from Gestalt psychology. For example, in a street map with strong figure-ground contrast, the reader would be able to isolate and focus attention on individual features, like a given street, park, or lake, as well as layers of related features, like the street network.
Strong figure-ground contrast has been seen as a desirable goal of map design, because it helps the map reader to perceive distinct geographic phenomena in the map. This allows more complex composition techniques such as visual hierarchy to organize these phenomena into clear structures that help readers use the map for its intended purposes.
Related disciplines and history
Fields other than cartography, such as psychology, neurology, and computer science, have studied differentiation of figure from ground. Many studies have employed different experiments, varying the shades, textures, and orientations of test pictures to determine the best method for figure–ground design with mixed results. A current application of figure–ground research is the development of computer vision for robots. By studying the way humans perceive figure and ground, methods can be developed to improve computer vision algorithms. Unlike some of these other applications, in which figures and grounds are discovered in a natural visual field that may or may not have this contrast, in cartography they are intentionally created by design, based on knowledge of the visual perception tendencies of map readers.
Since the early days of academic cartography, there has been a recognition of the need for maps to have a conceptual structure. In The Look of Maps (1952), Arthur Robinson emphasized the need for visual contrast in making maps that are clearly organized, including the figure-ground relationship, "the visual relation of one or more components to the background on which they are seen." In 1972, Borden Dent appears to have been the first to use the principles of perceptual psychology to develop a theory of how the figure-ground relationship emerges on maps (as well as Visual hierarchy), and a set of guidelines for design to strengthen it. He identified heterogeneity (contrast), Contour (strong edges), Area (size) and Enclosedness (closure) as the primary determinants of figure identification, a model that gained wide support, soon becoming a core principle of the cartographic canon found in textbooks (including his own). He tied it directly to the idea of visual levels, the illusion that some elements on the map appear to float above the page, suggesting that figures are "above" their ground. This correlation has also gained widespread, if not universal, acceptance, even though there are common situations when figures appear below their ground (such as a river beneath a road network).
Further research was largely grounded in Gestalt psychology and perception, which largely corroborated and expanded upon Dent's model. In summarizing the work to date, MacEachren added Orientation and Convexity to Dent's list, with the acknowledgment that these are relatively minor influences compared to the others. MacEachren discussed the concept of visual levels as "related," but not equal, to figure-ground contrast.
Influences on figure–ground contrast
Several visual patterns are believed to contribute to figure-ground contrast, such that features that exhibit these patterns are easier to recognize as figures. These have been largely adopted from Gestalt psychology.
Differentiation or heterogeneity, the amount of difference in appearance between the intended figure and the intended ground. A strong figure looks significantly different than everything in the ground, while the elements of the ground look relatively similar to each other. This can be accomplished using almost any of the visual variables, such as color, size, and texture. Achieving difference is more important than using prescribed design techniques on the figure and ground; for example, a dark figure stands out on a light background just as much as a light figure stands out on a dark background.
Closure, the appearance of a figure to be completely contained within the visual field, and thus entirely surrounded by ground. A figure with closure stands out because it looks like "a thing." The proclivity for closed objects is so strong in human visual processing that humans will perceive closure even when figures are only mostly closed.
Centrality, in which features near the center of the visual field (the map) are easier to isolate as figures than features on the edge. The concept of centrality is important because the object located in the center of a map is most often assumed to be the figure. Other map elements can be centered in the remaining visual space after the figure has been centered.
Size, in which smaller elements are more easily recognized as figures than those that fill the visual field. This is one of the few factors in which figure-ground and visual hierarchy have opposite effect.
Interposition is when some features appear to be "in front" of others in the visual field, with the former partially obscuring the latter. The former thus has a stronger recognition as a figure. This property could be considered a more complex use of closure.
Articulation utilizes texture to differentiate figure from ground. One common example of using articulation on a map is differentiating a continent from the ocean. The ocean, in most cases, will be the ground and the continent will be the figure. By adding fine-textured shading to water, the continent pops out visually as the figure. Another method that can be employed for articulation is called vignetting, or the inclusion of brightness gradients at the land-water edge.
Contour is the strength of the boundary or edge of a figure. The figure is formed by a contour or outline (as opposed to an isometric contour line), the common boundary between the figure and ground, usually through a brightness contrast. If a figure is not separated entirely from the ground, a simple black contour line can be drawn around the figure enclosing it and thus differentiating it from the ground.
Relationship to visual hierarchy
The concept of figure-ground contrast is often confused with the concept of visual hierarchy. Both are related elements of map composition, the same design techniques frequently achieve both goals simultaneously, and they are synergistic in that strengthening one typically has the side effect of strengthening the other. The primary difference is in intent. Figure-ground contrast is about making each feature appear distinct from the rest of the features in the map, while visual hierarchy is about making each feature appear more or less important than the rest of the features in the map.
References
Cartography |
Graeme F Hall (born 1946) is a retired rower who competed for Great Britain.
Rowing career
Hall rowed for Wallingford Rowing Club in 1967 before going to Cambridge University and rowing stroke for the winning Goldie crew (Cambridge reserve boat) at The Boat Race 1967. The following year he rowed stroke when representing the Downing College Boat Club in The Boat Race 1968 and won with the Cambridge crew stopping Oxford from winning a fourth consecutive race. Hall then won the main race for a second time the following year when Cambridge beat Oxford in The Boat Race 1969.
He became a British champion in 1972 when winning the eights at the 1972 British Rowing Championships. he participated in the 1974 World Rowing Championships in Lucerne, competing in the lightweight coxless four event. The crew selected from the Leander Club finished in seventh place overall after winning the B final.
In 1975 as part of the lightweight four with Nicholas Tee, Christopher Drury and Daniel Topolski they won a silver medal for Great Britain at the 1975 World Rowing Championships in Nottingham. The following year he was part of the lightweight eight that secured a silver medal at the 1976 World Rowing Championships in Villach, Austria.
References
1946 births
Living people
British male rowers
World Rowing Championships medalists for Great Britain |
Andreas Lorentz Kron (born 1 June 1998) is a Danish professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam .
Major results
2015
7th Overall Keizer der Juniores
2016
1st Overall GP Général Patton
1st Stage 1
1st Overall Keizer der Juniores
9th Overall Grand Prix Rüebliland
2017
4th Eschborn–Frankfurt Under-23
6th Gent–Wevelgem U23
2018
4th Gent–Wevelgem U23
4th Overall Flèche du Sud
1st Stage 3
2019
5th Overall Tour of Belgium
5th Road race, UCI Road World Under-23 Championships
8th Overall Tour Alsace
2020 (1 pro win)
2nd Road race, National Road Championships
5th Overall Tour de Luxembourg
1st Young rider classification
1st Stage 5
8th Overall Tour of Saudi Arabia
1st Young rider classification
9th Trofeo Laigueglia
2021 (2)
1st Stage 1 Volta a Catalunya
1st Stage 6 Tour de Suisse
5th Tre Valli Varesine
Combativity award Stage 19 Vuelta a España
2022
7th Giro della Toscana
8th Overall Tour des Alpes-Maritimes et du Var
1st Young rider classification
8th Coppa Sabatini
9th Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior
9th Veneto Classic
10th Giro del Veneto
2023 (1)
Vuelta a España
1st Stage 2
Held after Stage 2
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
4th Amstel Gold Race
4th GP Miguel Induráin
5th Veneto Classic
5th Clásica Jaén Paraíso Interior
9th Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
9th Road race, UEC European Road Championships
9th Giro del Veneto
10th Giro di Lombardia
10th Strade Bianche
Grand Tour general classification results timeline
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Danish male cyclists
People from Albertslund Municipality
Cyclists from the Capital Region of Denmark
Danish Vuelta a España stage winners
Tour de Suisse stage winners |
```less
/**
* path_to_url#custom-mq
* rem font-size font-size px
* JavaScript breakpoint.less CSS
*
* xs=0px
* sm: <600px
* md>=600px & <840px
* lg>=840px & <1080px
* xl>=1080px & < 1920px
* xxl>=1920px
*/
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-xs (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 599.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-sm-down (max-width: 599.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-sm (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 839.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-sm-up (min-width: 600px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-md-down (max-width: 839.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-md (min-width: 840px) and (max-width: 1079.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-md-up (min-width: 840px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-lg-down (max-width: 1079.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-lg (min-width: 1080px) and (max-width: 1439.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-lg-up (min-width: 1080px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-xl-down (max-width: 1439.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-xl (min-width: 1440px) and (max-width: 1919.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-xl-up (min-width: 1440px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-xxl-down (max-width: 1919.98px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-xxl (min-width: 1920px);
@custom-media --mdui-viewport-xxl-up (min-width: 1920px);
``` |
In stochastic analysis, a rough path is a generalization of the notion of smooth path allowing to construct a robust solution theory for controlled differential equations driven by classically irregular signals, for example a Wiener process. The theory was developed in the 1990s by Terry Lyons.
Several accounts of the theory are available.
Rough path theory is focused on capturing and making precise the interactions between highly oscillatory and non-linear systems. It builds upon the harmonic analysis of L.C. Young, the geometric algebra of K.T. Chen, the Lipschitz function theory of H. Whitney and core ideas of stochastic analysis. The concepts and the uniform estimates have widespread application in pure and applied Mathematics and beyond. It provides a toolbox to recover with relative ease many classical results in stochastic analysis (Wong-Zakai, Stroock-Varadhan support theorem, construction of stochastic flows, etc) without using specific probabilistic properties such as the martingale property or predictability. The theory also extends Itô's theory of SDEs far beyond the semimartingale setting. At the heart of the mathematics is the challenge of describing a smooth but potentially highly oscillatory and multidimensional path effectively so as to accurately predict its effect on a nonlinear dynamical system . The Signature is a homomorphism from the monoid of paths (under concatenation) into the grouplike elements of the free tensor algebra. It provides a graduated summary of the path . This noncommutative transform is faithful for paths up to appropriate null modifications. These graduated summaries or features of a path are at the heart of the definition of a rough path; locally they remove the need to look at the fine structure of the path. Taylor's theorem explains how any smooth function can, locally, be expressed as a linear combination of certain special functions (monomials based at that point). Coordinate iterated integrals (terms of the signature) form a more subtle algebra of features that can describe a stream or path in an analogous way; they allow a definition of rough path and form a natural linear "basis" for continuous functions on paths.
Martin Hairer used rough paths to construct a robust solution theory for the KPZ equation. He then proposed a generalization known as the theory of regularity structures for which he was awarded a Fields medal in 2014.
Motivation
Rough path theory aims to make sense of the controlled differential equation
where the control, the continuous path taking values in a Banach space, need not be differentiable nor of bounded variation. A prevalent example of the controlled path is the sample path of a Wiener process. In this case, the aforementioned controlled differential equation can be interpreted as a stochastic differential equation and integration against "" can be defined in the sense of Itô. However, Itô's calculus is defined in the sense of and is in particular not a pathwise definition. Rough paths give an almost sure pathwise definition of stochastic differential equations. The rough path notion of solution is well-posed in the sense that if is a sequence of smooth paths converging to in the -variation metric (described below), and
then converges to in the -variation metric.
This continuity property and the deterministic nature of solutions makes it possible to simplify and strengthen many results in Stochastic Analysis, such as the Freidlin-Wentzell's Large Deviation theory as well as results about stochastic flows.
In fact, rough path theory can go far beyond the scope of Itô and Stratonovich calculus and allows to make sense of differential equations driven by non-semimartingale paths, such as Gaussian processes and Markov processes.
Definition of a rough path
Rough paths are paths taking values in the truncated free tensor algebra (more precisely: in the free nilpotent group embedded in the free tensor algebra), which this section now briefly recalls. The tensor powers of , denoted , are equipped with the projective norm (see Topological tensor product, note that rough path theory in fact works for a more general class of norms).
Let be the truncated tensor algebra
where by convention .
Let be the simplex .
Let . Let and be continuous maps .
Let denote the projection of onto -tensors and likewise for . The -variation metric is defined as
where the supremum is taken over all finite partitions of .
A continuous function is a -geometric rough path if there exists a sequence of paths with finite total variation such that
converges in the -variation metric to as .
Universal limit theorem
A central result in rough path theory is Lyons' Universal Limit theorem. One (weak) version of the result is the following:
Let be a sequence of paths with finite total variation and let
denote the rough path lift of .
Suppose that converges in the -variation metric to a -geometric rough path as . Let be functions that have at least bounded derivatives and the -th derivatives are -Hölder continuous for some . Let be the solution to the differential equation
and let be defined as
Then converges in the -variation metric to a -geometric rough path .
Moreover, is the solution to the differential equation
driven by the geometric rough path .
Concisely, the theorem can be interpreted as saying that the solution map (aka the Itô-Lyons map) of the RDE is continuous (and in fact locally lipschitz) in the -variation topology. Hence rough paths theory demonstrates that by viewing driving signals as rough paths, one has a robust solution theory for classical stochastic differential equations and beyond.
Examples of rough paths
Brownian motion
Let be a multidimensional standard Brownian motion. Let denote the Stratonovich integration. Then
is a -geometric rough path for any . This geometric rough path is called the Stratonovich Brownian rough path.
Fractional Brownian motion
More generally, let be a multidimensional fractional Brownian motion (a process whose coordinate components are independent fractional Brownian motions) with . If is the -th dyadic piecewise linear interpolation of , then
converges almost surely in the -variation metric to a -geometric rough path for . This limiting geometric rough path can be used to make sense of differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter . When , it turns out that the above limit along dyadic approximations does not converge in -variation. However, one can of course still make sense of differential equations provided one exhibits a rough path lift, existence of such a (non-unique) lift is a consequence of the Lyons–Victoir extension theorem.
Non-uniqueness of enhancement
In general, let be a -valued stochastic process. If one can construct, almost surely, functions so that
is a -geometric rough path, then is an enhancement of the process . Once an enhancement has been chosen, the machinery of rough path theory will allow one to make sense of the controlled differential equation
for sufficiently regular vector fields
Note that every stochastic process (even if it is a deterministic path) can have more than one (in fact, uncountably many) possible enhancements. Different enhancements will give rise to different solutions to the controlled differential equations. In particular, it is possible to enhance Brownian motion to a geometric rough path in a way other than the Brownian rough path. This implies that the Stratonovich calculus is not the only theory of stochastic calculus that satisfies the classical product rule
In fact any enhancement of Brownian motion as a geometric rough path will give rise a calculus that satisfies this classical product rule. Itô calculus does not come directly from enhancing Brownian motion as a geometric rough path, but rather as a branched rough path.
Applications in stochastic analysis
Stochastic differential equations driven by non-semimartingales
Rough path theory allows to give a pathwise notion of solution to (stochastic) differential equations of the form
provided that the multidimensional stochastic process can be almost surely enhanced as a rough path and that the drift and the volatility are sufficiently smooth (see the section on the Universal Limit Theorem).
There are many examples of Markov processes, Gaussian processes, and other processes that can be enhanced as rough paths.
There are, in particular, many results on the solution to differential equation driven by fractional Brownian motion that have been proved using a combination of Malliavin calculus and rough path theory. In fact, it has been proved recently that the solution to controlled differential equation driven by a class of Gaussian processes, which includes fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter , has a smooth density under the Hörmander's condition on the vector fields.
Freidlin–Wentzell's large deviation theory
Let denote the space of bounded linear maps from a Banach space to another Banach space .
Let be a -dimensional standard Brownian motion. Let and be twice-differentiable functions and whose second derivatives are -Hölder for some .
Let be the unique solution to the stochastic differential equation
where denotes Stratonovich integration.
The Freidlin Wentzell's large deviation theory aims to study the asymptotic behavior, as , of for closed or open sets with respect to the uniform topology.
The Universal Limit Theorem guarantees that the Itô map sending the control path to the solution is a continuous map from the -variation topology to the -variation topology (and hence the uniform topology). Therefore, the Contraction principle in large deviations theory reduces Freidlin–Wentzell's problem to demonstrating the large deviation principle for in the -variation topology.
This strategy can be applied to not just differential equations driven by the Brownian motion but also to the differential equations driven any stochastic processes which can be enhanced as rough paths, such as fractional Brownian motion.
Stochastic flow
Once again, let be a -dimensional Brownian motion. Assume that the drift term and the volatility term has sufficient regularity so that the stochastic differential equation
has a unique solution in the sense of rough path. A basic question in the theory of stochastic flow is whether the flow map exists and satisfy the cocyclic property that for all ,
outside a null set independent of .
The Universal Limit Theorem once again reduces this problem to whether the Brownian rough path exists and satisfies the multiplicative property that for all ,
outside a null set independent of , and .
In fact, rough path theory gives the existence and uniqueness of not only outside a null set independent of , and but also of the drift and the volatility .
As in the case of Freidlin–Wentzell theory, this strategy holds not just for differential equations driven by the Brownian motion but to any stochastic processes that can be enhanced as rough paths.
Controlled rough path
Controlled rough paths, introduced by M. Gubinelli, are paths for which the rough integral
can be defined for a given geometric rough path .
More precisely, let denote the space of bounded linear maps from a Banach space to another Banach space .
Given a -geometric rough path
on , a -controlled path is a function such that and that there exists such that for all and ,
and
Example: Lip(γ) function
Let be a -geometric rough path satisfying the Hölder condition that there exists , for all and all ,
where denotes the -th tensor component of .
Let . Let be an -times differentiable function and the -th derivative is Hölder, then
is a -controlled path.
Integral of a controlled path is a controlled path
If is a -controlled path where , then
is defined and the path
is a -controlled path.
Solution to controlled differential equation is a controlled path
Let be functions that has at least derivatives and the -th derivatives are -Hölder continuous for some . Let be the solution to the differential equation
Define
where denotes the derivative operator, then
is a -controlled path.
Signature
Let be a continuous function with finite total variation. Define
The signature of a path is defined to be .
The signature can also be defined for geometric rough paths. Let be a geometric rough path and let be a sequence of paths with finite total variation such that
converges in the -variation metric to . Then
converges as for each . The signature of the geometric rough path can be defined as the limit of as .
The signature satisfies Chen's identity, that
for all .
Kernel of the signature transform
The set of paths whose signature is the trivial sequence, or more precisely,
can be completely characterized using the idea of tree-like path.
A -geometric rough path is tree-like if there exists a continuous function such that and for all and all ,
where denotes the -th tensor component of .
A geometric rough path satisfies if and only if is tree-like.
Given the signature of a path, it is possible to reconstruct the unique path that has no tree-like pieces.
Infinite dimensions
It is also possible to extend the core results in rough path theory to infinite dimensions, providing that the norm on the tensor algebra satisfies certain admissibility condition.
References
Differential equations
Stochastic processes |
Menzion, sometimes Minzion is a small settlement in southern Scotland near Tweedsmuir in the Scottish Borders, in the valley of the River Tweed.
Topography
Menzion lies along the Menzion burn, being separated into Nether Menzion and Over Menzion. Nether Menzion lies at the foot of the burn near the Fruid road. The burn is surrounded on both sides by commercial forestry which is set back to reduce the immediate impact of the acidic run-off. Over Menzion, which was formerly a shepherd's abode, is now abandoned.
Ancient stones
Menzion displays evidence of very early habitation with three ancient stones standing on a minor road leading to Fruid Reservoir, just north of the village of Tweedsmuir. Of these, the main stone is known as "The Giant's Stone" which is about 1.60 m high. The two other stones nearby were not mentioned in the Ordnance Survey map of 1859, where the Giant's Stone is described as "Remains of Druidical Temple". The parish records of 1833 state that there were other stones but that these were carried away and put to other uses.
Menzion was part of the barony of Oliver Castle and originally belonged to Clan Fraser. After Sir Simon Fraser died it was divided between his two daughters Joanna and Mary. Joanna married Sir Patrick Fleming and Over Menzion became the property of the Flemings and Mary married Sir Gilbert Hay and Nether Menzion became the property of the Hays. The Fleming family held the lands until 1636, when John (Fleming), second Earl of Wigtown, conveyed Over Menzion to Sir David Murray of Stanhope who obtained a Crown charter on 17 March 1645 incorporating the lands into the barony of Stanhope-Murray.
It was in around 1645 that a vagrant called Marion Chisholm came from Edinburgh while the Plague was raging there carrying a bundle of clothing with the disease in it. The occupants of Nether Menzion and two other farms at Fruid, and Glencotho became infected. Those who escaped the pestilence pulled down the roofs and walls of their houses onto the bodies of those who had died. Marion Chisholm was buried near Nether Menzion in a grave that can no longer be found.
Around this time, Sir David Murray also acquired Nether Menzion which his son William inherited in 1654. The lands eventually became the property of Sir David Murray, nephew of John Murray of Broughton, who was active in the Jacobite rising of 1745. As a result of his participation, the Murray estates were confiscated (as were those other Jacobite sympathisers). Many properties on the Stanhope estate were tenanted by members of the Tweedie family with whom the Murrays had at various times fought or intermarried.
See also
List of places in the Scottish Borders
List of places in Scotland
References
External links
Hunter of Menzion
Michael Forbes Tweedie The History of the Tweedie or Tweedy Family (1902)
Villages in the Scottish Borders |
Beaver Towers: The Witch's Revenge is a children's fantasy novel by British author Nigel Hinton which was first published in 1981. It is the second installment in the Beaver Towers series, coming between Beaver Towers and Beaver Towers: The Dangerous Journey. It follows the story of Philip who was summoned to Beaver Towers when Oyin the Witch went after him. In 1994 an audiobook was released by Chivers Children's Audio Books.
Concept
The author decided to write a sequel to Beaver Towers after receiving letters about it and decided to have Philip in danger from Oyin back in his normal everyday life.
References
1981 British novels
1981 children's books
British children's books
British children's novels
British fantasy novels
Children's fantasy novels
Children's novels about animals
Talking animals in fiction
Children's books about witches
Beaver Towers Series
Children's books about beavers |
Khezel District () is in Nahavand County, Hamadan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Firuzan.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 30,903 in 7,490 households. The following census in 2011 counted 30,081 people in 8,689 households. At the latest census in 2016, the district had 29,968 inhabitants in 9,129 households.
References
Nahavand County
Districts of Hamadan Province
Populated places in Hamadan Province
Populated places in Nahavand County |
Dual photography is a photographic technique that uses Helmholtz reciprocity to capture the light field of all light paths from a structured illumination source to a camera. Image processing software can then be used to reconstruct the scene as it would have been seen from the viewpoint of the projector.
See also
Light-field camera
References
External links
http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/dual_photography/
Photographic techniques
Imaging |
Boulome is a settlement in Ziguinchor Department in Ziguinchor Region in the Basse Casamance area of south-west Senegal. The population at the 2002 census was recorded as 692.
References
External links
PEPAM
Populated places in the Ziguinchor Department |
There have been four United States Navy ships named USS Pensacola:
The first was a steamer launched in 1859 and was decommissioned in 1911.
The second was a German steamer seized when the United States entered World War I and used as a transport.
The third was a cruiser launched in 1926 that served until the end of World War II.
The fourth was a landing ship launched in 1971 and decommissioned in 1999.
United States Navy ship names |
The River Brue originates in the parish of Brewham in Somerset, England, and reaches the sea some west at Burnham-on-Sea. It originally took a different route from Glastonbury to the sea, but this was changed by Glastonbury Abbey in the twelfth century. The river provides an important drainage route for water from a low-lying area which is prone to flooding which man has tried to manage through rhynes, canals, artificial rivers and sluices for centuries.
The Brue Valley Living Landscape is an ecological conservation project based on the Somerset Levels and Moors and managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust. The valley includes several Sites of Special Scientific Interest including Westhay Moor, Shapwick Heath and Shapwick Moor. Much of the area has been at the centre of peat extraction on the Somerset Levels. The Brue Valley Living Landscape project commenced in January 2009 to restore and reconnect habitat that will support wildlife. The aim is to be able to sustain itself in the face of climate change while guaranteeing farmers and other landowners can continue to use their land profitably. It is one of an increasing number of landscape scale conservation projects in the UK.
Course
The River Brue originates in hills to the southwest of the catchment area, close to the border with Dorset. The same hills are the locale of the sources of the River Wylye and the Dorset Stour which flow south to the English Channel. It descends quickly in a narrow valley to a point just beyond Bruton where it is joined by the River Pitt. Here it takes a meandering route through a broad, flat-bottomed valley between Castle Cary and Alhampton. By the time it reaches Baltonsborough it is only some above sea level and the surrounding countryside is drained into it by way of numerous rhynes. It passes Glastonbury, where it acts as a natural boundary with nearby village of Street, before flowing in a largely artificial channel across the Somerset Levels and into the River Parrett at Burnham-on-Sea. It is joined by the North Drain, White's River (which takes the water of the River Sheppey, Cripps River (an artificial channel that connects it to the River Huntspill) and many drainage rhynes). It is connect to the River Axe through several of these channels which are controlled by sluices. It is tidal below the sluices at New Clyce Bridge in Highbridge.
Bow Bridge is a 15th-century Packhorse bridge over the River Brue in Plox, Bruton. It is a Grade I listed building, and scheduled monument. The bridge may have been built as a link between the former Bruton Abbey, and its courthouse in the High Street. The bridge was restored after floods in 1982.
The River Brue has a long history of flooding. Its lower reaches are close to sea level, and the river above Bruton drains an area of into a steep and narrow valley. In 1984 a protective dam was built upstream from the town.
The valley includes several Sites of Special Scientific Interest including Westhay Moor, Shapwick Heath and Shapwick Moor. Much of the area has been at the centre of peat extraction on the Somerset Levels. Large areas of peat were laid down on the Somerset Levels, particularly in the River Brue Valley, during the Quaternary period after the ice sheets melted. The extraction of peat from the Moors is known to have taken place during Roman times, and has been carried out since the Levels were first drained. Peat extraction on the Somerset Moors continues today, although much reduced.
History
The area is known to have been occupied since the Neolithic when people exploited the reedswamps for their natural resources and started to construct wooden trackways such as the Sweet and Post Tracks. The Sweet Track, named after the peat digger who discovered it in 1970 and dating from the 3800s BC, is the world's oldest timber trackway, once thought to be the world's oldest engineered roadway. The track was built between what was in the early 4th millennium BC an island at Westhay and a ridge of high ground at Shapwick, close to the River Brue. The remains of similar tracks have been uncovered nearby, connecting settlements on the peat bog including the Honeygore, Abbotts Way, Bells, Bakers, Westhay and Nidons trackways.
The Levels contain the best-preserved prehistoric village in the UK, Glastonbury Lake Village, as well as two others at Meare Lake Village. Discovered in 1892 by Arthur Bulleid, it was inhabited by about 200 people living in 14 roundhouses, and was built on a morass on an artificial foundation of timber filled with brushwood, bracken, rubble and clay.
The valley was used during Romano-British period when it was the site of salt extraction. At that time, the Brue formed a lake just south of the hilly ground on which Glastonbury stands. According to legend this lake is one of the locations suggested by Arthurian legend as the home of the Lady of the Lake. Pomparles Bridge stood at the western end of this lake, guarding Glastonbury from the south, and it is suggested that it was here that Sir Bedivere threw Excalibur into the waters after King Arthur fell at the Battle of Camlann. John Leland noted in the 16th century that the bridge had four arches, while W. Phelps in an 1839 illustration as having only two arches, one pointed, probably from the 14th or 15th century, and the other round. Excavations in 1912 found the remains of a second round arch regarded as 12th century work. The current concrete arch bridge was built in 1911 and extended in 1972. It carries the A39 road over the Brue.
Alteration of route
Before the 13th century the direct route to the sea at Highbridge was blocked by gravel banks and peat near Westhay. The course of the river partially encircled Glastonbury from the south, around the western side (through Beckery), and then north through the Panborough-Bleadney gap in the Wedmore-Wookey Hills, to join the River Axe just north of Bleadney. This route made it difficult for the officials of Glastonbury Abbey to transport produce from their outlying estates to the Abbey, and when the valley of the river Axe was in flood it backed up to flood Glastonbury itself. Sometime between 1230 and 1250 a new channel was constructed westwards into Meare Pool north of Meare, and further westwards to Mark Moor. It then divided into two channels, one the Pilrow cut flowing north through Mark to join the Axe near Edingworth, and the other directly west to the sea at Highbridge. During monastic times, there were several fish weirs along the lower reaches of the river. They used either nets or baskets, the fishing rights belonging to the Bishop of Bath and Wells and the Abbot of Glastonbury.
Drainage improvements
Between 1774 and 1797 a series of enclosures took place in the Brue valley between the Poldens and Wedmore. In 1794 the annual floods filled the whole of the Brue valley. Work by the Commissioners of Sewers led to the 1801 Brue Drainage Act which enabled sections at Highbridge and Cripp's Bridge to be straightened, and new feeder channels such as the North and South Drains to be constructed. In 1803 the clyse at Highbridge, which had been built before 1485, was replaced and moved further downstream.
The area around Bruton has suffered over the centuries. The earliest recorded damage was in 1768 when a stone bridge was destroyed after the river rose very rapidly. On 28 June 1917, of rain fell in 24 hours at Bruton, leaving a water mark on one pub above the normal level of the river. In 1982 extensive flooding occurred in the town, and as a result in 1984 a protective dam was built upstream from the town.
19th, 20th and 21st centuries
The mouth of the River Brue had an extensive harbour in Roman and Saxon times, before silting up in the medieval period. It was used again as a small harbour in the 17th and 18th centuries, and in 1833 the port of Highbridge was formally opened on the river. A new wharf, known as Clyce Wharf, was built on the Huntspill side of the river mouth by 1904, and was used for the import of coal and the export of bricks and tiles and agricultural products. The port closed in 1949.
Both Galton's Canal and Brown's Canal, which were built in the early 19th century, were connected to the river. The Glastonbury Canal used the course of the River Brue from Highbridge to Cripp's Bridge, and part of the South Drain to Ashcott Corner. The Glastonbury Canal ran for just over through two locks from Glastonbury to Highbridge, where it entered the River Parrett and from there the Bristol Channel. The canal was authorised by Parliament in 1827 and opened in 1834. It was operated by The Glastonbury Navigation & Canal Company. Most of it was abandoned as a navigation in 1854, when a railway was built along the towpath.
During the Second World War the Brue was incorporated into GHQ Line and many pillboxes were constructed along the river. Gants Mill at Pitcombe, near Bruton, is a watermill which is still used to mill cattle feed. A hydroelectric turbine was recently installed at the site. There has been a mill here since the 13th century, but the current building was built in 1810.
Following summer floods of 1997 and the prolonged flooding of 1999–2000 the Parrett Catchment Project was formed, partly funded by the European Union Regional Development Fund, by 30 organisations, including British Waterways, Campaign to Protect Rural England, Countryside Agency, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Kings Sedgemoor and Cary Vale Internal Drainage Board (now part of Parrett Internal Drainage Board), Levels and Moors Partnership, National Farmers Union, Sedgemoor, Somerset County Council, South Somerset District Council, Taunton Deane and Wessex Water. They aim to tackle twelve areas, which, when combined, will make a significant contribution to reducing the adverse effects of flooding. These include the conversion of arable land, adoption of the Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) approach to controlling rainwater runoff from developed areas, dredging, raising riverbanks and improving pumping facilities. Further studies of the possible beneficial effects of woodland in reducing flooding have also been undertaken.
During the winter flooding of 2013–14 on the Somerset Levels the River Brue overflowed at new year, during the rain and storms from Storm Dirk, with many residents asking for the Environment Agency to resume river dredging. On 24 January 2014, in light of the continued flooded extent of the Somerset Moors and forecast new rainfall as part of the winter storms of 2013–14 in the United Kingdom, both Somerset County Council and Sedgemoor District Council declared a major incident, as defined under the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. At this time, with of agricultural land having been under water for over a month, the village of Thorney was abandoned and Muchelney was cut off by flood waters for almost a month. Northmoor Green, which is more commonly known as Moorland, was also severely affected. By the end of January, of agricultural land, including North Moor, Curry and Hay Moors and Greylake, had been under water for over a month. Bridgwater was partly flooded on 10 February 2014, when with 20,000 sandbags ready to be deployed. Over 600 houses were flooded, and both flooding and groundwater disrupted services including trains on the Bristol to Exeter line between Bridgwater and Taunton. Further preventative work under the title of the "Brue Catchment River Maintenance Pilot Project" has led to controversy about the need for dredging and maintenance of the river.
Hydrology and water quality
At Bruton Dam, the nearest measuring station to the source of the river, the normal level of the river is between and with the highest level ever recorded being in 2007. Within the town of Bruton at Bruton Surgery the normal level is between and . Further downstream at Lovington the normal level is between and . The furthest downstream monitoring station at Clyse Hole near Street records a normal range of and .
For the purposes of monitoring of water quality the Brue and Axe are considered together. In 2013 19 water bodies within the area were considered to have moderate water quality with two being poor and four good quality. Agriculture and rural land management is the largest factor affecting water quality followed by the water industry. Transport, industry and manufacturing also have an effect.
Ecology
The Brue Valley Living Landscape is a UK conservation project managed by the Somerset Wildlife Trust. The project commenced in January 2009 and aims to restore habitat. It aims to help wildlife sustain itself in the face of climate change while guaranteeing farmers and other landowners can continue to use their land profitably. It is one of an increasing number of landscape scale conservation projects in the UK.
The project covers an area of approximately encompassing the floodplain of the River Brue from a little east of Glastonbury to beyond the Catcott, Edington and Chilton Moors SSSI in the west. Almost a quarter of the project area is designated as Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Protection Area (SPA) and Ramsar site. The project area accounts for almost half of the Somerset Levels and Moors Special Protection Area. The area includes land already managed for conservation by organisations including Somerset Wildlife Trust, Natural England, the Hawk and Owl Trust and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. These include Shapwick Heath national nature reserve, Westhay Moor, Catcott Lows National Nature Reserve, Ham Wall and Shapwick Moor. There are 25 scheduled monuments and 746 Historic Environment Records in the project area including internationally important sites such at the Glastonbury Lake Village and Sweet Track. Research on the Somerset Levels and Moors has been crucial to the understanding of the natural and human history of wetlands. The project is based solely on the peat-based soils of the Somerset Moors. It does not extend on to the marine clay soils of the more westerly Levels.
The project has set out their major objectives. These include mapping and research on the Brue Valley, engagement with local government, farmers, the conservation sector and other interest community members, to produce a shared local vision. It is hoped to create larger and better connected patches of important habitats, in a way which also benefits the local economy and rural society. The project has received funding from the European Regional Development Fund (via the WAVE project), Natural England's Wetland Vision and the Viridor Credits scheme.
One of the project's goals is to protect, restore and create areas of reedbed, grazing marsh, fen, raised bog, lowland meadow, purple moor grass and rush pastures and wet woodland. Species of conservation concern (UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species) that are likely to benefit from this project include plants such as: divided sedge (Carex divisa), English sticky eyebright (Euphrasia anglica), greater water parsnip (Sium latifolium), lesser butterfly orchid (Platanthera bifolia), marsh stitchwort (Stellaria palustris) and tubular water dropwort (Oenanthe fistulosa). The flora provides a habitat for several species of invertebrates. These include moths such as the argent and sable moth (Rheumaptera hastata) and narrow bordered bee hawk-moth (Hemaris tityus). While butterfly species include the small heath (Coenonympha pamphilus), pearl-bordered fritillary (Boloria euphrosyne) and small pearl-bordered fritillary (Boloria selene). Beetles found in the valley include the lesser silver water beetle (Hydrochara caraboides) and one-grooved diving beetle (Bidessus unistriatus). There are also shining ram's-horn snails (Segmentina nitida) and shrill carder bees (Bombus sylvarum).
The River Brue and its tributaries support a population of European eels (Anguilla anguilla). Reptiles found include the European adder (Vipera berus) and grass snake (Natrix natrix). Multiple bird species include Bewick's swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii), Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris), Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), *Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), gadwall (Anas strepera), grasshopper warbler (Locustella naevia), hen harrier (Circus cyaneus), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), linnet (Carduelis cannabina), marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus), marsh tit (Poecile palustris), merlin (Falco columbarius), northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), peregrine (Falco peregrinus), reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus), short-eared owl (Asio flammeus), skylark (Alauda arvensis), song thrush (Turdus philomelos), teal (Anas cracca), willow tit (Poecile montanus) and yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella).
Mammalian species of interest include the brown hare (Lepus europaeus), Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus), European otter (Lutra lutra) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris).
Recreation
Anglers will find pike in excess of , with good stocks of chub, dace, roach, bream, tench, perch, rudd, and gudgeon. There are trout in the upper reaches. There are several access points along the river suitable for canoeing, and the river has been paddled as far up as Bruton, but above West Lydford only after recent rain. There are public footpaths alongside many stretches of the river. There are also areas of the river that serve as desirable spots for wild swimming.
Rail access
Highbridge and Burnham railway station provides access. There is further walk or cycle westwards mainly alongside the River Brue, following the approximate flat path way of the former S&DJR extension route, takes the traveller into Burnham-on-Sea.
References
External links
Brue, River
Somerset Levels |
The 1876-77 Sheffield Senior Cup was the first edition of the tournament, played to Sheffield rules. It was the biggest tournament played to the Sheffield code and the equivalent of the FA Cup, which at the time was mostly confined to the south of England.
Background
The Sheffield Football Association was founded in 1867 and took a subscription of 5 shillings from its member clubs in order to entitle them to entry. Sheffield F.C. did not enter, as the club was concentrating on national matches.
The Sheffield rules in force at the time had four main differences to the Association laws:
players were onside so long as one opponent was between them and the goal-line, whereas the Association offside law demanded three;
if the ball went off the side of the pitch, it was put back into play by a kick-in, rather than a throw-in, in any direction;
if the attacking team put the ball out of play to the side of the goal, the defending team returned the ball from the nearest corner;
if either team put the ball out of play over the bar of the goal, the defending team returned the ball from within 6 yards of their goal.
At the time, neither the Association nor Sheffield codes prescribed the number of players per side, and the size of the teams was a matter for negotiation between the captains or the relevant tournament rules. By 1876, most matches were 11 per side, and this was the rule in the FA Cup. For this tournament, the Sheffield FA mandated 12 men per side, as did the Birmingham Senior Cup the same year.
Participating teams
Format
The competition was organized as a straight knockout tournament, with replays to a conclusion. The captains would toss for choice of venue, the captain who lost the toss could choose the venue for a replay, and second replays were to be at the first captain's choice again.
Results
First round
Replays
Second round
Replay
Third round
The ties in the third round and semi-finals were due to be played at Bramall Lane, but the third round ties were all played according to the captain's toss rule. Curiously, all three ties went the way of the away side.
Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played at Bramall Lane, one after the other, before a crowd of six or seven thousand.
Final
The final was a thriller, with Heeley taking a three-goal lead by half-time, but Wednesday fighting back to take the game to half-an-hour extra-time.
Notes
References
Sports competitions in Sheffield
1876–77 in English football |
```c++
/// Source : path_to_url
/// Author : liuyubobobo
/// Time : 2019-09-07
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
/// Memory Search
/// Time Complexity: O(n*m*logm)
/// Space Complexity: O(n*m)
class Solution {
private:
int MAX;
public:
int makeArrayIncreasing(vector<int>& arr1, vector<int>& arr2) {
set<int> set;
for(int e: arr2) set.insert(e);
arr2 = vector<int>(set.begin(), set.end());
MAX = arr2.size() + 1;
vector<vector<int>> dp(arr1.size(), vector<int>(arr2.size() + 1, -1));
int res = go(arr1, arr2, 0, 0, dp);
for(int j = 0; j < arr2.size(); j ++)
res = min(res, (arr1[0] != arr2[0]) + go(arr1, arr2, 0, j + 1, dp));
return res >= MAX ? -1 : res;
}
private:
int go(const vector<int>& arr1, const vector<int>& arr2, int i, int j,
vector<vector<int>>& dp){
if(i + 1 == arr1.size()) return 0;
if(dp[i][j] != -1) return dp[i][j];
int last = j == 0 ? arr1[i] : arr2[j - 1];
int res = MAX;
if(arr1[i + 1] > last)
res = min(res, go(arr1, arr2, i + 1, 0, dp));
vector<int>::const_iterator iter = upper_bound(arr2.begin(), arr2.end(), last);
if(iter != arr2.end()){
int jj = iter - arr2.begin();
res = min(res, 1 + go(arr1, arr2, i + 1, jj + 1, dp));
}
return dp[i][j] = res;
}
};
int main() {
vector<int> a1 = {1, 5, 3, 6, 7}, b1 = {1, 3, 2, 4};
cout << Solution().makeArrayIncreasing(a1, b1) << endl;
// 1
vector<int> a2 = {1, 5, 3, 6, 7}, b2 = {4, 3, 1};
cout << Solution().makeArrayIncreasing(a2, b2) << endl;
// 2
vector<int> a3 = {1, 5, 3, 6, 7}, b3 = {1, 6, 3, 3};
cout << Solution().makeArrayIncreasing(a3, b3) << endl;
// -1
return 0;
}
``` |
Louis-René Madelaine Le Vassor, comte de La Touche-Tréville (3 June 1745 – 19 August 1804) was a French admiral. He fought in the American War of Independence and became a prominent figure of the French Revolutionary Wars and of the Napoleonic wars.
Born into a noble family of naval officers, Latouche enlisted at the age of 13. He rose to become a competent frigate captain, battling several British ships during the American War of Independence. His two-frigate squadron once manoeuvred a 74-gun ship of the line to the point of sinking, and he was entrusted with important personalities of the time as passengers, notably Louis XVI and the Marquis de Lafayette.
During the Revolution, Latouche, a Freemason and aide to Phillipe Égalité, took progressive positions as a deputy in the Estates General and later in the National Constituent Assembly. His noble status nevertheless made him a target during the Reign of Terror, and he was imprisoned and only freed from prison by the Thermidorian Reaction.
Returned to the Navy after a long period of unemployment, Latouche took command of the Flottille de Boulogne, where he repelled the Raids on Boulogne organised by Nelson. He then served in the Saint-Domingue expedition, which irrevocably compromised his health. After his return, he took command of the fleet in Toulon, reorganising it into a potent tool again, but he succumbed to a relapse of illness before he had a chance to use it. Under his successor Villeneuve, the fleet he had refurbished was crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar.
Career
Latouche was born in Rochefort-sur-mer, Charente-Maritime. His father, Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche, had been the governor of Martinique, until the Invasion of 1762, and chief of the naval forces of Rochefort. His uncle, Charles-Auguste Levassor de La Touche-Tréville, served as a rear-admiral, commanding the light squadron of the France-Spanish fleet under Orvilliers in 1780.
Early career
At the age of 13, Latouche joined the Gardes de la Marine, and took part in numerous naval actions during the Seven Years' War. He started sailing on the Hardi, ferrying troops to Canada in 1758, and took part in his first action, in 1759 aboard the 64-gun Dragon, which was under his uncle's command, taking part in the Battle of Quiberon Bay. He also served on the pram Louise and harassed the blockading British squadron Île-d'Aix in October 1760, still under his uncle. In 1762 he served on the 74-gun Intrépide and on Tonnant. In the summer of that year, Latouche was detached to command two gunboats with which he attacked two British ships, one 60-gun and one 74-gun, waging a two-hour battle.
After the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Latouche took part in training campaigns under his uncle Latouche-Tréville and Admiral d'Estaing, serving on the ships Garonne in 1763, and Hardi and Bricole in 1765.
In September 1768, aged 23, he was promoted to ensign. Perhaps under pressure from his family, who hoped for quicker promotions, or because the reform of the Navy forced him to retire, he resigned from the Navy and enlisted in the Army. He became an aide to Governor-General d'Ennery, newly appointed governor of Martinique, who obtained a commission as a cavalry captain for him. In 1771, he transferred as captain to the Régiment de La Rochefoucauld-Dragons, a dragoon regiment, and became aide-de-camp to Governor General Valière, who commanded at Saint-Domingue.
In 1772, Navy Minister Boynes acceded to repeated requests from Latouche's family, and he was reinstated in the Navy as "capitaine de brûlot". Latouche was appointed to command the fluyt Courtier. In 1774, Latouche put forward a proposition to the Ministry Navy for an exploratory expedition to circumnavigate Australia to see whether New Holland and New South Wales were separated by a channel; the plan was rejected, as the Ministry preferred using Île de France as the forward base for such an operation. Latouche corresponded with Captain Cook on exploration plans in 1775 and 1776.
Service on Hermione and the American War of Independence
In May 1777, he was promoted to lieutenant and was given command of the 20-gun corvette Rossignol, which escorted convoys and ferried messages. He captured two English privateers and three merchantmen. His prizes saw him appointed Knight of the Order of Saint-Louis. He was appointed commander of the 26-gun frigate Hermione.
On 28 May 1779, Hermione spotted a British privateer, which she lured into a trap by feigning fleeing in the night. In order to induce a tiring chase, Latouche let his ship's beacon be glimpsed intermittently, before doubling back to attack his opponent in the morning. The privateer was the 18-gun Diffidence, of Falmouth. The next day, another 18-gun privateer attacked and Latouche captured her too, using the same ruse. Latouche then returned to Rochefort with his two prizes and numerous prisoners.
From 21 March to 28 April 1780, Latouche carried General Lafayette as a passenger on a transatlantic voyage from France to Boston. Then, joining the fleet under Rear-Admiral Destouches, and under orders from Barras and Ternay, he directed the building of several artillery batteries for the defence of Rhode Island.
After he had completed the batteries, Latouche was allowed to cruise off Long Island and intercept shipping to New York City. He quickly captured two prizes, before spotting four sails on 7 June 1780: these were the frigate Iris and three lesser warships. In the ensuing Action of 7 June 1780, Latouche was himself shot in the arm by a musket ball, and Hermione suffered ten deaths and 37 wounded. His opponent, Captain James Hawker, later accused him of fleeing the scene, to which Latouche replied "In my poor state, I could not pursue you. Why then did you not continue the fight?"
On 16 March, Latouche-Tréville participated in the Battle of Cape Henry, which took place at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. This action has led to a commonly repeated, but erroneous, report that Latouche-Tréville engaged in a "battle against the Chesapeake (March 1781)".
On 13 April 1781, Latouche's father, Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche, died in Paris. Latouche inherited his title, and thereafter was styled "Comte de Latouche".
He then continued cruising off the coast of North America as part of a squadron under the command of Admiral Lapérouse, whose flagship was Astrée.
On 21 July, the two frigates encountered a British convoy off the coast of New Scotland. In the resulting naval battle of Louisbourg, Astrée and Hermione forced HMS Charlestown to strike her colours, but failed to board her, allowing her to flee during the night. They did however capture the 14-gun escort, Jack, and three merchantmen, which they brought to Boston.
Service on Aigle
After returning to France, Latouche was promoted to captain on 20 June 1781. In 1782, he was tasked with ferrying officials, large sums of money and equipment to America, leading a two-frigate squadron comprising Aigle and Gloire, under Captain de Vallongue.
Latouche assumed command of the frigate Aigle which, along with the Gloire, ferried funds and equipment for the fleet of Admiral de Vaudreuil. On 5 September 1782, the squadron encountered the lone 74-gun HMS Hector: in the ensuing two-day battle, the two frigates heavily damaged the Hector, and only failed to captured her when a British squadron appeared on the horizon. Latouche retreated, and Hector foundered a few days later.
Capture
The frigates continued on their journey when, on 12 September, they spotted a British squadron, comprising two ships of the line with a frigate, two corvettes and a brig-sloop. Latouche captured the brig, . Latouche then tacked into the Delaware River, as , , and the prize Sophie, led by Captain G.K. Elphinston in , gave chase. Latouche landed his passengers and treasure with launches from the frigates. He then attempted to escape his much stronger opponents by sailing over the banks at the mouth of the Delaware River, but Aigle ran aground; Gloire also touched bottom, but she managed to free herself and reach the channel. Latouche attempted to free Aigle, but with the retreating tide, she became not only more and more firmly beached, but also fell on her side, rendering her battery unserviceable. Seeing his ship lost, Latouche had her the masts chopped off and her hull pierced; he then evacuated her crew; staying behind with only a few men, Latouche fired a few shots from his stern chasers before striking his colours. Despite the measures to disable Aigle, the British were able to recover her and took her into service as HMS Aigle.
Admiral Vaudreuil wrote to the Minister of the Navy Castrie:
Latouche was taken as a prisoner to New York, and transferred from there to England. He remained a prisoner until the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
Service in France during the Revolution
Upon Latouche's return in France, he was appointed to direct Rochefort harbour. He was also tasked with drawing a map of Oléron, which was published in the first volume of Hydrographie française. In 1784 he succeeded Bruni d'Entrecasteaux as vice-director of the Harbours and Arsenals, holding the position until 1787, when he became Chancellor to the Duke of Orléans. Meanwhile, he had also served as an inspector for the gunnery school of the Naval Academy, and co-authored the Naval Code for 1786. In July 1786, he sailed a corvette from Honfleur to Le Havre, ferrying king Louis XVI.
His uncle, Charles-Auguste Levassor de La Touche-Tréville, died in 1788 and bequeathed him his name; henceforth, Latouche added "Tréville" to his name, becoming the "comte de Latouche-Tréville".
At the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, Latouche-Tréville was elected deputy of the Nobility for the bailiwick of Montargis; he went on to sit at the National Constituent Assembly and held this position until it adjourned on 10 October 1791. Latouche took a liberal posture and was among the first nobles to join forces with the Third Estate. In September 1791, after king Louis XVI approved the new constitution, the National Constituent Assembly disbanded, and Latouche-Tréville resumed his naval activities.
Latouche had held the rank of rear-admiral since 20 December 1790 reform of the navy. In this capacity, in 1792 he took command of a four-ship squadron in Brest. He sailed from Brest to Toulon, on his flagship the Languedoc, to attach his division to the Mediterranean squadron under Rear-admiral Truguet. He took part in raids against Oneglia, Cagliari and Nice during the Army of Italy, and joined in the attack on Sardinia in October 1792 (which turned out to be a failure when the expeditionary corps was repulsed). Latouche-Tréville and Truguet then returned to Toulon.
Latouche-Tréville was promoted to rear-admiral on 1 January 1793. He was then sent on a mission to Napoli, after that kingdom's ambassador to Constantinople had precipitated a diplomatic conflict by insulting his French counterpart. Latouche threatened to bombard the city, and obtained apologies from Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. Latouche then departed, but had to double back to Napoli to repair due to gale-force winds, eventually making his rendezvous with Truguet on 8 February 1793. On 14 February, they landed 6,000 volunteers at Cagliari, who had to reembark under fire and in a gale two days later. The fleet then returned to Toulon once more.
In March 1793, amid the War of the First Coalition, Latouche took command of the "Naval Army of the Ocean" (the Brest fleet), but as soon as he took up his position, revolutionary subordinates denounced him as an aristocrat. On 15 September, at the height of the Reign of Terror, he was arrested as a "suspect" on orders of the Committee of Public Safety, and cashiered on 3 October. He spent one year in La Force Prison, and was freed only on 20 September 1794, after the Thermidorian Reaction.
Freed, Latouche returned to Montargis, where he was appointed chief of the Legion of the National Guard for the district. A Freemason, he rose to Vénérable in the Lodge Les Disciples d’Heredom et de la Madeleine Réunis, of Montargis. Latouche was rehabilitated under the Directoire and had his rank reinstated in December 1795, but nonetheless was left for five years without a command in the Navy. From 1797 to 1798, he managed equipment for the Navy with a ship-owner friend, and by 1799 he had grown so desperate that he advertised in Le Moniteur Universel for privateer captainships. It was not until 1799 that he returned to active duty.
Service at the Flottille de Boulogne
In 1799, Latouche was appointed to lead a naval division in Brest, with his mark on the 74-gun Mont Blanc. Soon after, he was appointed to command the full Brest fleet, and transferred his flag onto the 110-gun Terrible. Latouche-Tréville defended the harbour until the government decided to disband the naval Army of Brest; Latouche-Tréville then sailed four of its ships to Rochefort.
Soon after, advised by Navy minister Forfait, First Consul Bonaparte chose Latouche-Tréville to organise and lead the Flottille de Boulogne. This vast fleet of small ships was ostensibly designed to ferry an invasion army to England, but was in fact a disinformation ploy to pressure the British into negotiating the Treaty of Amiens. The ploy helped to disguise the true goal of the French military, which was massing armies in Boulogne for an invasion of Austria. Soon after his arrival, on 4 August and 15 August 1801, Latouche-Tréville repelled the several British raids that Admiral Nelson launched to destroy the Flottille.
Service at Saint-Domingue
During the Peace of Amiens, Latouche-Tréville was appointed to command the naval squadron of Rochefort, comprising six ships of the line, six frigates and two corvettes, in the fleet of Admiral Villaret de Joyeuse, ferrying 3,000 men of the Army of Rhine for the Saint-Domingue expedition. Latouche fought his way into the harbour of Port-au-Prince, captured its forts and landed the troops. He and General Boudet captured Port-au-Prince and Léogâne. Latouche-Tréville managed to obtain the peaceful surrender of General Laplume, while, in the south, General Leclerc forced Toussaint L'Ouverture and Christophe to submit to French authority.
With Villaret de Joyeuse's departure in April 1802, Latouche-Tréville stayed in Saint-Domingue with four ships of the line, nine frigates and five corvettes. After the restoration of slavery on 20 May 1802, a new rebellion broke out, which overwhelmed the yellow-fever-stricken army of General Leclerc. Latouche-Tréville defended the harbours in the south, appointing Willaumez to the western naval station of Saint-Domingue. The situation grew even more desperate after the British started the War of the Third Coalition in May 1803: Willaumez had to return to France to repair his frigate, damaged in the action of 28 June 1803, and the British effected a Blockade of Saint-Domingue that ended with the complete destruction of Rochambeau's army. In October 1803, Latouche-Tréville obtained free passage from the British due to his poor health, and returned to France.
Service as commander of the fleet of Toulon
Latouche-Tréville was made a vice-admiral in December 1803. Returned to France, he was appointed general inspector of the coasts of the Mediterranean, before taking command of the fleet of Toulon, with his flag on the brand-new 80-gun Bucentaure. At the time, the squadron counted only seven ships of the line and four frigates, and discipline was much weakened; in particular, Navy officers slept aboard their ships only when forced to do so by their duty. Latouche-Tréville made a point to live on his ship, and morale quickly improved under his example and leadership.
Latouche-Tréville decided to have one ship or frigate patrol for three days outside the harbour, in rotation, while another would always be ready to put to sail at the first signal. Furthermore, the entire squadron regularly scrambled to support the cruisers whenever superior British forces ventured into Toulon harbour, preventing the British from conducting useful reconnaissance of French activities in the area. Over the time, the squadron received three more ships of the line and three more frigates as reinforcements.
In late June 1804, Latouche-Tréville suffered a relapse of a medical condition contracted at Saint-Domingue. However, he constantly refused to transfer ashore, stating "An admiral is only too glad when he can die under the flag of his ship." Indeed, after a 10-day struggle, on 19 August, Latouche-Tréville died aboard Bucentaure. Lord Nelson later wrote:
Legacy
Latouche-Tréville was buried in Toulon graveyard. In 1810, a seven-metre-high pyramidal mausoleum was built at the Sémaphore de la Croix des Signaux, at Cape Cépet, from where Latouche-Tréville had observed the British in his last year. On 14 October 1902, military authorities decided to move the mausoleum to the military graveyard of Saint-Mandrier-sur-Mer; the body was transferred on 29 April 1903.
French authors and historians often compared Latouche-Tréville to Nelson, partly because he fought and defeated him in the Raids on Boulogne, partly because, had it not been for his untimely death, he would have opposed Nelson at Trafalgar.
The name Latouche was inscribed on the north face of the Arc de Triomphe in his honour.
Three ships of the French Navy have been named Latouche-Tréville in his honour: the steam aviso Latouche-Tréville in 1860; the armoured cruiser Latouche-Tréville in 1892; and the F70-type destroyer Latouche-Tréville, presently in commission.
Notes
Citations
References
1745 births
1804 deaths
People from Rochefort, Charente-Maritime
French Navy admirals
French naval commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
French Freemasons
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
People of the Haitian Revolution
People of the War of the First Coalition |
```javascript
Weak vs Strict equality operator
Types of numbers
Using assignment operators
Double and single quotes
Infinity
``` |
Lioma, also known as Nihoma in Lomwe, is an administrative post in Zambezia Province, Mozambique. It is a rural community dominated by agriculture, and a centre of soybean production. Lioma has suffered from numerous military conflicts during its history, and was the site of a battle of World War I.
History
Colonial period, war of independence, and civil war
In the late 19th century, the area where Lioma was later founded was affected by the Arab slave trade. The region was conquered by the Portuguese Empire in the 1890s, and consequently integrated into the colony of Portuguese Mozambique. Lioma itself was founded as a boma by the Portuguese to secure the area after they had defeated a regional chief, Namarohi, who had offered heavy resistance to the colonial army. Lioma was named after another local chief.
In the course of the East African Campaign of World War I, the boma became the site of a supply depot of the British King's African Rifles, who attempted to encircle and destroy the German Schutztruppe that were waging a guerrilla campaign in Mozambique. In August 1918, the Germans attacked the village to capture its supplies, but the British managed to repel them in the subsequent Battle of Lioma.
In the course of the Mozambican War of Independence (1964–1974), Lioma saw little combat, but was prepared for the installation of a large number of Portuguese settlers. Few Whites actually moved to the area, however, as the Portuguese government had problems providing subsidies to settlers. Following the People's Republic of Mozambique's independence in 1975, the new FRELIMO government nationalised the abandoned settler farms at Lioma and transformed them, alongside the "intervening" land of native peasants, into a Soviet-style state farm. The Agricultural Complex of Lioma (CAPEL), as the state farm was named, planted soybeans and other crops with development aid from Brazil. At the time, Lioma was the centre of soybean production in Mozambique. The farm was abandoned in the 1980s, however, when state agents and civilians fled Lioma due to the Mozambican Civil War. RENAMO operated in the area during this conflict, and kidnapped locals.
Economic growth after the civil war
After the civil war ended, farmers returned to Lioma and began to cultivate the land on a larger scale than before. An NGO, the National Cooperative Business Association, started to support Lioma's farmers in the early 2000s by reintroducing soybeans and promoting farmer associations. These efforts were "highly successful", as they increased local incomes and attracted further investment by outsiders.
In 2003, Lioma was the site of a scandal when it was revealed that a local teacher had sexually abused several female students. After intense lobbying by the Mozambican Association for Gender and Education and Oxfam, the Ministry of Education passed a landmark decision resulting in the dismissal of the teacher and new regulations that provided better legal protection for students nationwide.
A major change took place in Lioma in 2009 when the Mozambican government awarded that had belonged to the old state farm to the Portuguese company Quifel. Even though the rights to use this land were owned by 244 local farmers under the 1997 Land Law, Quifel was allowed to appropriate it for its "Hoyo Hoyo" project, and the company even seized an additional . Disputes with the locals quickly ensued, especially because the company barely used the land it had been granted.
In July 2012, the government forced Quifel to begin preparing at least for production. The 836 farmers who had lived on this land agreed to resettle, but disputes continued about the conditions of resettlement, as the new land given to the native farmers was allegedly unsuitable for farming. In August 2014, Brazilian company AGROMOZ drove over 1,000 farmers from their land in Wakhua, a village under Lioma's jurisdiction, to produce soybeans on their land.
Geography
Lioma is part of Gurué District in Zambezia Province, close to the border of Nampula Province. Located around 600 metres (2,000 ft) above sea level in the highlands of western Mozambique, Lioma lies in a valley formed by a stream. It is surrounded by steep hills, which have traditionally been dominated by dense bush interspersed with trees.
Economy
The area around Lioma is well-suited for agriculture, but like the rest of Zambezia Province, it is also one of the poorest regions of Mozambique. When the Portuguese colonial government wanted to settle Whites in the area, they were supposed to live from tea cultivation. Though many locals still live as subsistence farmers, soybean production has become increasingly important since independence. International companies that have invested in Lioma also produce soybeans.
References
Bibliography
Populated places in Zambezia Province
Populated places established in the 1890s
1890s establishments in the Portuguese Empire |
Bagger 288 (Excavator 288), built by the German company Krupp for the energy and mining firm Rheinbraun, is a bucket-wheel excavator or mobile strip mining machine.
When its construction was completed in 1978, Bagger 288 superseded Big Muskie as the heaviest land vehicle in the world, at 13,500 tons. It took five years to design and manufacture and five years to assemble, with total cost reaching $100 million. In 1995, it was itself superseded by the slightly heavier Bagger 293 (14,200 tons). NASA's Crawler-Transporter remains the largest self-propelled land vehicle in the world, since bucket-wheel excavators are powered by an external power source, and the Overburden Conveyor Bridge F60s hold the title of largest land vehicle of any type by physical dimensions.
Objective
The Bagger 288 was built for the job of removing overburden before coal mining at the Hambach surface mine in Germany. It can excavate 240,000 tons of coal or 240,000 cubic metres of overburden daily – the equivalent of a soccer field dug to deep. The coal produced in one day fills 2400 coal wagons. The excavator is up to 220 m (721 ft) long (slightly shorter than Baggers 287 and 293) and approximately 96 m (315 feet) high. The Bagger's operation requires 16.56 megawatts of externally supplied electricity. It can travel per minute (0.1 to 0.6 km/h). The chassis of the main section is wide and sits on three rows of four caterpillar track assemblies, each wide. The large surface area of the tracks means the ground pressure of the Bagger 288 is very small (1.71 bar or 24.8 psi); this allows the excavator to travel over gravel, earth and even grass without leaving a significant track. It has a minimum turning radius of approximately 50 metres, and can climb a maximum gradient of 1:18 (5° incline).
The excavating head itself is in diameter and has 18 buckets each holding of overburden.
By February 2001, the excavator had completely exposed the coal source at the Tagebau Hambach mine and was no longer needed there. In three weeks it made a trip to the Tagebau Garzweiler, travelling across Autobahn 61, the river Erft, a railroad line, and several roads. The move cost nearly 15 million German marks and required a team of seventy workers. Rivers were crossed by placing large steel pipes for the water to flow through and providing a smooth surface over the pipes with rocks and gravel. Special grass was seeded to smooth its passage over valuable terrain. Moving Bagger 288 in one piece was more economical than disassembling the excavator and moving it piece by piece.
The Bagger 288 is one of a group of similar sized and built vehicles, such as Bagger 281 (built in 1958), Bagger 285 (1975), Bagger 287 (1976), Bagger 293 (1995), etc.
In popular culture
In 2009, the British comedian Joel Veitch published a song dedicated to the Bagger 288 on the album Spongs In the Key of Life. In the lyrics of the song, Bagger 288 is built to protect mankind from Godzillas and doom robots from the future. In the music video, the song is accompanied by clips from a German TV documentary about bucket excavators in the Ruhr area.
In the film Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2012), the rider possesses a Bagger 288, turning it into a fiery vehicle of destruction against his enemies.
In the Book After the Revolution by Robert Evans, the post-human city "The City of Wheels" is built on a Bagger 288.
See also
List of largest machines
Notes
External links
Additional pictures 1 and 2
Bagger 288 crossing the river Erft during the 2001 move (pictures)
Manufacturer's homepage
Bucket-wheel excavators
Coal mining in Germany
Krupp
1978 establishments in West Germany
Vehicles introduced in 1978
ja:バケットホイールエクスカベーター#Bagger 288 |
Twin Peaks is the third live album by American hard rock band Mountain, released in February 1974 by Columbia and Windfall Records. It contains recordings from the band's performance at Koseinenkin Hall in Osaka, Japan on August 30, 1973. The album was produced by the band's bassist and second vocalist Felix Pappalardi, while the artwork was created by his wife and collaborator Gail Collins. It was Mountain's first release since returning after a year-long hiatus.
After breaking up for a year in the summer of 1972, Mountain returned with new members Bob Mann (guitar, keyboards) and Allan Schwartzberg (drums) joining Leslie West and Felix Pappalardi. The material for Twin Peaks was recorded on the subsequent Japanese tour, after which the new members left and original drummer Corky Laing returned. The album charted at number 142 on the US Billboard 200, which was the lowest position achieved by the band up to that point.
Background
Mountain broke up in the summer of 1972, shortly after releasing its first live album Live: The Road Goes Ever On earlier in the year. Within a year the band had reunited, with original members Leslie West (guitar, vocals) and Felix Pappalardi (bass, vocals) joined by new members Bob Mann (guitar, keyboards) and Allan Schwartzberg (drums). The resulting Japanese tour – specifically, the August 30 performance at Koseinenkin Hall in Osaka – spawned the recordings for Twin Peaks, the group's second consecutive live album. The album is the only Mountain release to feature Mann and Schwartzberg, both of whom left shortly after the tour.
Twin Peaks was released in February 1974. It was issued as the band's first album with Columbia Records, in tandem with its regular label Windfall Records. By the time the album was released, original drummer Corky Laing had returned to Mountain, alongside new second guitarist David Perry.
Reception
Upon its release, Twin Peaks debuted at number 166 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart in the week of March 9, 1974. The album spent a total of eight weeks on the chart, peaking at number 142 in the week of March 30, 1974. This marked the lowest peak position of any Mountain release to that date, and remains the second lowest ahead of only Go for Your Life at number 166. Twin Peaks also peaked at number 138 on the US Cash Box magazine albums chart.
Reviewing the album for the website AllMusic, James Chrispell offered a mixed opinion of Twin Peaks. Awarding it two out of five stars – the same rating he gave to Live: The Road Goes Ever On – the writer claimed that "The content [on the album] ends up showing off the best and the worst attributes of Mountain", the latter of which he singled out as being the 32-minute rendition of "Nantucket Sleighride" (although he admitted that "it's difficult not to be impressed with the playing" on the track).
Track listing
On all vinyl and some CD pressings of the album, "Nantucket Sleighride" is split into two separate tracks.
On the CBS Europe 2-LP release, the two parts of "Nantucket Sleighride" are the last tracks.
Personnel
Leslie West – guitar, vocals
Felix Pappalardi – bass, vocals, production
Bob Mann – guitar, keyboards
Allan Schwartzberg – drums
Additional personnel
Keiichi Nishiki - production director
Tomoo Suzuki – engineering
Gail Collins – artwork
Hirohisa Ohkawa – photography
Chart positions
References
External links
Mountain (band) albums
1974 live albums
Albums produced by Felix Pappalardi
Columbia Records live albums
Windfall Records live albums |
Won Tae-in (; born April 6, 2000) is a South Korean professional baseball pitcher currently playing for the Samsung Lions of the KBO League. He competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Career statistics and player information from Korea Baseball Organization
Won Tae-in at Samsung Lions Baseball Club
Samsung Lions players
KBO League pitchers
South Korean baseball players
Olympic baseball players for South Korea
Baseball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Baseball players from Daegu
2000 births
Living people
2023 World Baseball Classic players |
Melaban is a settlement in Sarawak, Malaysia. It lies approximately east of the state capital Kuching. Neighbouring settlements include:
Betong north
Ban west
Semumoh north
Empaong northeast
Pok northwest
Salulap north
References
Populated places in Sarawak |
Mark Walton (born March 29, 1997) is a former American football running back. He played college football at Miami (FL), and he was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fourth round of the 2018 NFL Draft. He also played for the Miami Dolphins.
Early years
Walton attended Booker T. Washington High School in Miami, Florida. During his career, he rushed for 2,769 yards and 45 touchdowns for the Tornadoes. He committed to the University of Miami to play college football.
College career
Walton played in all 13 games as a true freshman at Miami in 2015, rushing for 450 yards on 129 carries with 9 touchdowns. As a sophomore in 2016, he started all 13 games and rushed for 1,117 yards on 209 carries with 14 touchdowns. In 2017, as a junior, he rushed for 428 yards and three touchdowns on 56 carries in only four games due to ankle surgery which forced him to miss a majority of the season. On December 5, 2017, Walton declared his intentions to enter the 2018 NFL Draft.
Collegiate statistics
Professional career
Cincinnati Bengals
Walton was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fourth round (112th overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. In the Bengals' Week 4 victory over the Atlanta Falcons, he had his first five professional carries for nine rushing yards to go along with two receptions for 28 receiving yards. Overall, he finished his rookie season with 14 carries for 34 rushing yards to go along with five receptions for 41 receiving yards.
On April 6, 2019, Walton was waived by the Bengals after being arrested for the third time in the offseason.
Miami Dolphins
After a mini-camp tryout, Walton signed with the Miami Dolphins on May 12, 2019. Walton made his first start against the Washington Redskins, rushing six times for 32 yards in a 16–17 Dolphins loss. He rushed for 66 yards on 14 carries the following week against the Buffalo Bills, also catching one reception for -8 yards. On November 4, he was suspended four games by the NFL for violating the league's personal conduct and substance abuse policies for his offseason arrests. The Dolphins waived him on November 19, 2019, after his fourth arrest of the year. His suspension was lifted on December 3, 2019. Walton was suspended an additional eight weeks by the NFL on November 13, 2020, and reinstated on January 4, 2021.
Legal issues
Walton was arrested three times during the 2019 off-season. He was first arrested and charged with misdemeanor marijuana possession on January 16, 2019, in North Miami-Dade. On February 15, 2019, he was arrested for a second time and charged with misdemeanor battery for an altercation triggered after he grabbed a phone from a neighbor in Miami. The charges underlying his third arrest on April 4, 2019, stemmed from a March 12, 2019, incident in which Walton fled on foot from his rented car after police tried to pull him over. Authorities found a rifle in the car and accused Walton of carrying a concealed firearm, resisting an officer without violence, possession of marijuana, and reckless driving. Walton pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor weapons charge from the March 2019 incident on August 19, 2019, and he received six months of probation and was required to turn in all of his firearms as well as undergo anger management and driving courses. The two marijuana possession charges and the battery charge were also dismissed.
On November 19, 2019, Walton was arrested in Davie, Florida, for allegedly attacking a woman who was five months pregnant with his child. Walton was charged with aggravated battery of a pregnant woman. On January 3, 2020, he was charged with a second count of aggravated battery of a pregnant woman for a different incident with the same woman in March 2019. He was arrested on February 27, 2020, for violating a restraining order. On May 13, 2020, the aggravated battery charge against him from November 2019 was dropped.
On February 1, 2021, Walton was arrested in Miami for allegedly attempting to break a Pizza Hut window.
On March 24, 2022, Walton was arrested in Miami for an alleged armed robbery.
References
External links
Miami Hurricanes bio
1997 births
Living people
Booker T. Washington Senior High School (Miami, Florida) alumni
Players of American football from Miami
American football running backs
Miami Hurricanes football players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Miami Dolphins players |
Nagytótfalu is a village in Baranya county, Hungary.
Populated places in Baranya County |
Matthew Kaner (born 1986) is a British composer. His work has been performed by various orchestras and ensembles including the BBC Singers, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Sinfonietta at music venues such as the Barbican, the Royal Festival Hall, the Purcell Room, LSO St. Luke’s, the Seiji Ozawa Hall, Wigmore Hall, St. John’s Smith Square and Snape Maltings.
In 2016, he was the BBC Radio 3 embedded composer in residence for its 70th anniversary in which he composed 14 pieces which were repeatedly broadcast on the station.
Education
Kaner studied at King's College London before pursuing postgraduate studies at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama under Julian Anderson, where he now works as a professor of composition.
Career
In 2012, Kaner was the Margaret Lee Crofts Fellow in composition at Tanglewood where he had the opportunity to work with composers like George Benjamin, Oliver Knussen and Michael Gandolfi. In the following year, he received the Royal Philharmonic Society composition prize. Kaner was commissioned afterwards to write for the Philharmonia Music of Today series which was premiered by members of the Philharmonia in the Royal Festival Hall in 2014. During his time as composer-in-association with the Workers' Union, he wrote the piece Organum as part of the Performing Rights Society (PRS) Music Foundation's Constructing a Repertoire project.
Works
Chamber
Glints in the Water (2016)
Sicilienne (2016)
Echoes in the Stillness (2016)
Concerto for Four Baroque Violins (2016)
The Red-Crowned Crane (2016)
Fixations (2016)
Snowbells (2016)
Dance Suite (2015)
Chants (2013) – commissioned by the London Sinfonietta as part of Writing the Future, world premiere on 8 December, 13:15 in the Purcell Room
Calligraphic Study (after Johann Hering) (2012)
Litanies (2007)
Electroacoustic
The Third Programme (2016) – commissioned by BBC Radio 3 to celebrate the final day of 70th Anniversary celebrations and of Kaner's Embedded Composer in 3 residency, first broadcast from Goonhilly Earth Station live on In Tune on 7 December 2016
Ensemble (over six players)
Collide (2016)
Mosaic (2014) – commissioned by the Royal Philharmonic Society, premiere given by the players of the Philharmonia Orchestra in the Royal Festival Hall on 31 May 2014, conducted by Clark Rundell
Organum (2013) – commissioned by the Workers' Union with the support of the PRS for Music Foundation, world premiere given on 28 October 2013 in the Turner Sims Concert Hall, Southampton, followed by the London premiere at LSO St. Luke's on 9 November 2013
Fantastical Fragments (2011–12)
Gauguin Sketches (2011)
Octet (2009)
Orchestral
Encounters (2015–17)
The Calligrapher's Manuscript (2012–13) – commissioned for the London Symphony Orchestra through the LSO Discovery Panufnik Young Composers scheme, supported by the Helen Hamyln trust
Stranded (2017)
Stage works
Hansel and Gretel: A Nightmare in Eight Scenes (2018) – poetry by Simon Armitage, commissioned by Goldfield Productions, supported by Arts Council England, PRS Foundation, Foyle Foundation, Radcliffe Trust, RVW Trust, Double O Foundation, Leche Trust, Colwinston Trust, John S Cohen Foundation, premiere date 7 July 2018, at Cheltenham Music Festival
Video
Via (2014) – with Luke Burton
Voice(s)
Reframe – 2016
Contemplations – 2016
Duo Seraphim – 2015
O Adonai (O Antiphons no. 2) – 2014
Biography
References
1986 births
Living people
British composers |
Hugo Dalmar was an American polo player.
Biography
Hugo Dalmar was a four-goal player at the Oak Brook Polo Club, now known as the Chicago Polo Club. He won the U.S. Open Championship in 1971 and 1973, four USPA Twenty Goal/Silver Cup Championships (1961, '64, '65, '72), three USPA Butler Handicaps (1955, '58, '72) and the 1956, '57 USPA 12-Goal Championships.
He served as Secretaty, President, and finally Chairman of the United States Polo Association from 1975 to 1976.
He was inducted into the Museum of Polo and Hall of Fame on February 13, 2009. The USPA Hugo Dalmar Award, given annually to an individual who exemplifies good sportsmanship on and off the polo field, is named for him.
References
Sportspeople from Chicago
American polo players
People from Oak Brook, Illinois |
Alma Lazarevska is a Bosnian writer. A native Sarajevan, she studied philosophy at Sarajevo University. Her books have been translated into English, French and German.
Works
Sarajevo Solitaire, essays, Sarajevo, 1994.
The Sign of Rose, novel, Sarajevo, 1996.
Death at the Museum of Modern Art, short stories, Sarajevo, 1996.
Plants are something else, short stories, Sarajevo, 2002.
References
Bosnia and Herzegovina women writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Bosnia and Herzegovina people of Macedonian descent
Bosnia and Herzegovina novelists |
```scss
@function inner-border-spread($width) {
$top: top($width);
$right: right($width);
$bottom: bottom($width);
$left: left($width);
@return min(($top + $bottom) / 2, ($left + $right) / 2);
}
@function inner-border-hoff($width, $spread) {
$left: left($width);
$right: right($width);
@if $right <= 0 {
@return $left - $spread;
}
@else {
@return $spread - $right;
}
}
@function inner-border-voff($width, $spread) {
$top: top($width);
$bottom: bottom($width);
@if $bottom <= 0 {
@return $top - $spread;
}
@else {
@return $spread - $bottom;
}
}
@function even($number) {
@return ceil($number / 2) == ($number / 2);
}
@function odd($number) {
@return ceil($number / 2) != ($number / 2);
}
@function inner-border-usesingle-width($width) {
$top: top($width);
$right: right($width);
$bottom: bottom($width);
$left: left($width);
@if $top == 0 {
@if $left + $right == 0 {
@return true;
}
@if $bottom >= $left + $right {
@return true;
}
}
@if $bottom == 0 {
@if $left + $right == 0 {
@return true;
}
@if $top >= $left + $right {
@return true;
}
}
@if $left == 0 {
@if $top + $bottom == 0 {
@return true;
}
@if $right >= $top + $bottom {
@return true;
}
}
@if $right == 0 {
@if $top + $bottom == 0 {
@return true;
}
@if $left >= $top + $bottom {
@return true;
}
}
@if $top + $bottom == $left + $right and even($top) == even($bottom) and even($left) == even($right) {
@return true;
}
@return false;
}
@function inner-border-usesingle-color($color) {
$top: top($color);
$right: right($color);
$bottom: bottom($color);
$left: left($color);
@if $top == $right == $bottom == $left {
@return true;
}
@return false;
}
@function inner-border-usesingle($width, $color) {
@if inner-border-usesingle-color($color) and inner-border-usesingle-width($width) {
@return true;
}
@return false;
}
@mixin inner-border($width: 1px, $color: #fff, $blur: 0px) {
@if max($width) == 0 {
-webkit-box-shadow: none;
-moz-box-shadow: none;
box-shadow: none;
} @else if inner-border-usesingle($width, $color) {
$spread: inner-border-spread($width);
$hoff: inner-border-hoff($width, $spread);
$voff: inner-border-voff($width, $spread);
@include single-box-shadow($color-top, $hoff, $voff, $blur, $spread, true);
}
@else {
$width-top: top($width);
$width-right: right($width);
$width-bottom: bottom($width);
$width-left: left($width);
$color-top: top($color);
$color-right: right($color);
$color-bottom: bottom($color);
$color-left: left($color);
$shadow-top: false;
$shadow-right: false;
$shadow-bottom: false;
$shadow-left: false;
@if $width-top > 0 {
$shadow-top: $color-top 0 $width-top $blur 0 inset;
}
@if $width-right > 0 {
$shadow-right: $color-right (-1 * $width-right) 0 $blur 0 inset;
}
@if $width-bottom > 0 {
$shadow-bottom: $color-bottom 0 (-1 * $width-bottom) $blur 0 inset;
}
@if $width-left > 0 {
$shadow-left: $color-left $width-left 0 $blur 0 inset;
}
@include box-shadow($shadow-top, $shadow-bottom, $shadow-right, $shadow-left);
}
}
``` |
State Route 34 (SR 34) is an Ohio State Route that runs between Indiana State Road 427, west of Edon and US 6 (US 6) in the US state of Ohio. The of SR 34 that lie within the state serve as a minor highway. None of the highway is listed on the National Highway System. Various sections are rural two-lane highway and urban four-lane highway. The highway passes through residential and commercial properties.
The highway was first signed in 1923 and was much longer than it is today, going from the Indiana state line, west of Edon, to SR 101, east of Fremont. Most of the route was replaced by US 6 or SR 412. SR 34 was extended in the late 1950s, when US 6 was rerouted onto a more southerly route near Bryan.
Route description
SR 34 heads east from the Indiana state line towards Edon, as a two-lane highway passing through farmland with a few houses. The road enters Edon and passes through residential properties. In the center of the town is a four-way stop with SR 49. East of SR 49 the route leaves the town and crosses the Indiana Northeastern Railroad track. The highway has east passing through farmland with a few houses, before making a sharp curve south. The road heads due south towards Blakeslee. In Blakeslee the route passes under a Norfolk Southern Railroad track and the highway turns east-southeast towards Bryan. On the way to Bryan the highway makes a few curves and crosses over the St. Joseph River, before entering Bryan.
The road enters Bryan heading due south and crossing over more Norfolk Southern Railroad tracks, before turning due east concurrent with High Street. The street heads towards downtown Bryan, as a four-lane undivided highway passing through commercial and residential properties. In downtown the route has a traffic light with U.S. Route 127 (US 127) and SR 15 at the northeast corner of the Williams County Court House. This intersection is the western end of SR 2 concurrency with SR 2 joining from the south. The highway leaves downtown Bryan heading east through residential and commercial properties. At Union Street, High Street narrow to a two-lane highway and enters a mostly commercial area.
East of Bryan the road heads east, passing through mostly farmland with a few houses and some woodlands. The road becomes very curvy, before turning southeast. In eastern Williams County the highway crosses over the Tiffin River and has an intersection with SR 191. This intersection is the eastern end of the SR 2 concurrency with SR 2 heading north concurrent with SR 191. The road continues southeast, passing through farmland and entering Henry County. In western Henry County the route has a traffic signal at SR 66. The eastern terminus is at an intersection with US 6, northwest of Ridgeville Corners.
No part of SR 34 is included as a part of the National Highway System (NHS). The NHS is a network of highways that are identified as being most important for the economy, mobility and defense of the nation. The highway is maintained by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) like all other state roads in the state. The department tracks the traffic volumes along all state highways as a part of its maintenance responsibilities using a metric called average annual daily traffic (AADT). This measurement is a calculation of the traffic level along a segment of roadway for any average day of the year. In 2008, ODOT figured that lowest traffic levels were the 990 vehicles used the highway daily on a section through Blakeslee. The peak traffic volumes were 8,360 vehicles AADT along a section of SR 34 on the west side of Bryan.
History
The route was signed in 1923 from the Indiana state line, west of Edon, east to SR 101. In 1932, US 6 was signed in Ohio and replace most of SR 34 east of Bryan to Fremont, with SR 12, now SR 412, replacing the rest the route to an intersection with SR 101. In 1958, US 6 was moved onto what was formerly SR 384, passing just south of Bryan. With US 6 removed, SR 34 was moved onto the old route of US 6 east of Bryan to its current intersection with US 6. Since 1958 the only work on the route has been maintenance.
Major intersections
References
External links
034
Transportation in Williams County, Ohio
Transportation in Henry County, Ohio |
```python
import json
v1_metrics_path = "./V1_Metrics.json"
v2_metrics_path = "./V2_Metrics.json"
with open(v1_metrics_path, 'r') as file:
v1_metrics = json.load(file)
with open(v2_metrics_path, 'r') as file:
v2_metrics = json.load(file)
# Extract names and labels of the metrics
def extract_metrics_with_labels(metrics, strip_prefix=None):
result = {}
for metric in metrics:
name = metric['name']
if strip_prefix and name.startswith(strip_prefix):
name = name[len(strip_prefix):]
labels = {}
if 'metrics' in metric and 'labels' in metric['metrics'][0]:
labels = metric['metrics'][0]['labels']
result[name] = labels
return result
v1_metrics_with_labels = extract_metrics_with_labels(v1_metrics)
v2_metrics_with_labels = extract_metrics_with_labels(
v2_metrics, strip_prefix="otelcol_")
# Compare the metrics names and labels
common_metrics = {}
v1_only_metrics = {}
v2_only_metrics = {}
for name, labels in v1_metrics_with_labels.items():
if name in v2_metrics_with_labels:
common_metrics[name] = labels
elif not name.startswith("jaeger_agent"):
v1_only_metrics[name] = labels
for name, labels in v2_metrics_with_labels.items():
if name not in v1_metrics_with_labels:
v2_only_metrics[name] = labels
differences = {
"common_metrics": common_metrics,
"v1_only_metrics": v1_only_metrics,
"v2_only_metrics": v2_only_metrics
}
# Write the differences to a new JSON file
differences_path = "./differences.json"
with open(differences_path, 'w') as file:
json.dump(differences, file, indent=4)
print(f"Differences written to {differences_path}")
``` |
Evangelical Catholic Church may refer to the following:
Evangelical Catholic Church (Lutheran), a High Church Lutheran denomination founded in 1976
Evangelical Catholic Church (Independent Catholic), an Independent Catholic denomination founded in 1997
Religious organizations |
Eloy Urroz (born 1967) is a Mexican writer and Professor of Spanish and Latin American Literature at The Citadel in South Carolina. Though born in New York, Urroz grew up in Mexico City and is of Mexican nationality. He is one of the founding members of the Crack Movement, along with such writers as Ignacio Padilla and Jorge Volpi. Urroz has written eight novels, four books on literary criticism, four books of poetry, three political reportages and dozens of essays, articles, and reviews on Latin American and Peninsular Culture and Literature. Some of his novels have been translated into English, French, Italian, Portuguese, and German. In the United States, his novels are published by Dalkey Archive Press.
Work
Eloy Urroz's novels are known for their complex structures and forms. Barbara Hoffert, writing in a starred review for Library Journal, praises Urroz's "fluid, propulsive language and passionate exploration of ideas." In an interview with Theodore McDermott, Urroz said this about his own writing: "Every novel is different. I don’t like to repeat myself. I don’t believe in formula. I just want to challenge myself. I don’t have preconceived ideas. I never know why I have to write what I write about—I just do it."
Works in Translation
Obstacles (Dalkey Archive Press, 2006)
Friction (Dalkey Archive Press, 2010)
The Family Interrupted (Dalkey Archive Press, 2016)
References
1967 births
Mexican novelists
21st-century novelists
Writers from Mexico City
Living people |
Marjorie Gael Jennings (born 7 June 1951) is currently an Honorary Fellow at the Centre for Advancing Journalism at the University of Melbourne. She is also a presenter and commentator for ABC TV, co-host of the ABC Radio 774 Conversation Hour program, and executive director of MediaDoc.
Education
After graduating with a First Class Honours BSc from the University of Melbourne, Jennings completed her PhD in Immunology at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in 1982.
Career
Upon completion of her PhD, Jennings chose a path in media and became the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's first National Science and Medical Reporter for TV News (1986–1989), for the TV Current Affairs program The 7.30 Report (1992–1996), and for the weekly TV Science show, Quantum ( 1989–1992). She was presenter of ABC Radio 774 mid-morning and afternoon shows (1996–1990), until joining SBS TV where she presented the live weekly TV Current Affairs programme Insight.
In 2004, Jennings became a regular member of The Brains Trust on ABC TV's Einstein Factor quiz show for 5 years. In 2006, Jennings worked at the ABC TV network as a development producer for documentaries in the genres of Science, Religion, Ethics, Natural History and Indigenous Production. She appeared in ABC TV and Adam Zwar's HighWire Film's sixth Agony series in 2015, alongside her daughter, writer and ABC reporter Grace Jennings-Edquist.
Jennings runs MediaDoc, a science communication and media management and training business. Jennings was the Chief Executive Officer at a non-profit organisation called Greatconnections Ltd. for two years (2008–10), now part of Leadership Victoria and in 2017 was an Honorary Fellow at the Centre for Advancing Journalism at the University of Melbourne, where she researches the role of media in violence against women and the impact of the internet on the brain.
She maintains her roles as ABC TV commentator, co-host for ABC Radio 774 from 1986–present, and travels as an invited speaker to various events.
Projects
Jennings is the author of two books: the first, titled Sick As!... Bloody Moments in the History of Medicine was published in 2000, won the NSW Premiers History Award in the Young People's History category, and was shortlisted for the 2001 Children's Book Council Australia Award. The second, Beyond Belief: How Five Australian Scientists Changed the World, was published in 2002.
Jennings has served on numerous Arts, Science, Education and Literary Boards, including the Melbourne Writers Festival Board, Museum Vic, Cancer Council Australia, Questacon (National Science and Technology Centre), Old Treasury Building, The Maths and Science Advisory Council (Vic) and is currently on the City of Melbourne Prevention of Violence Against Women Committee
Awards
Jennings is the recipient of multiple awards, including:
Member of the Order of Australia in the 2020 Australia Day Honours for "significant service to science, and to the broadcast media."
Who's Who in Australian Women (2008– 2014)
Walkley Award, National Finalist (1994)
UN Media Award finalist (2014)
Austcare Media Award (2001)
Children's Book Council Award Finalist (2001)
NSW Premiers History Prize (2000)
MBF Health and Wellbeing Awards (1993, 1995, 1996, 1997)
Kellogg's Award for Excellence in Nutrition Journalism (1995)
Michael Daley Science Journalism Award, Best TV news/ current affairs (1992, 1995; Best Overall Entry 1992, 1995)
Amgen Excellence in Biotechnology Award (1995)
Peter Grieve Medical Journalism Award (1993)
English Speaking Union Scholarship
American Field Service Scholarship
References
1951 births
Living people
Australian immunologists
Australian women journalists
Australian journalists
Members of the Order of Australia
University of Melbourne alumni
University of Melbourne women
WEHI alumni |
Mark Hollis (born December 1, 1984) is an American track and field athlete who competes in the pole vault. His personal best for the event is , set in 2014. He finished third at the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup.
Hollis is a three-time national champion in his discipline, having won outdoors in 2010 and indoors in 2011 and 2014. He represented his country at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. He ranked second in the world in the 2014 season.
Career
Early life and career
Hollis grew up in Freeport, Illinois, the son of John Hollis, a second-generation pastor of the Church of the Nazarene. He attended Freeport High School (Illinois) in Illinois and went on to study sports management at the state's Olivet Nazarene University. While there he competed for the college athletically in the NAIA championships, the lower-level national division. He was runner-up at the NAIA outdoor championship in 2005, won the title in 2006 and 2007, and also finished second at the 2007 NAIA indoor meet. Upon his graduation in 2007 he was the school record holder for the event both indoors and outdoors with marks of and respectively. He was later inducted into the university's athletic hall of fame.
In the 2008 season he turned professional and focused full-time on pole vaulting. His first season brought great improvement: in April he cleared at a Drake Relays promotion meeting. He improved to soon after – a feat which ranked him twelfth in the global lists that year. He competed at the 2008 United States Olympic Trials, but did not make the team. The following year he married his partner Amanda, who also served as his coach. That season he no-heighted at the United States Indoor Track and Field Championships, but his best performance of the year at the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, vaulting to finish in fifth place.
First national titles
Hollis had his first major circuit victory at the 2010 Millrose Games, beating national rivals Derek Miles and Tim Mack. He began competing abroad and was the victor at the Grande Premio Brasil Caixa de Atletismo meet and Golden Roof Challenge in Austria. Tough conditions at the 2010 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships worked in Hollis's favour, as only he and Derek Miles managed to clear in the strong winds. Hollis won the event on count-back to claim his first national title. Later that season he equalled his personal record to rank ninth in the world.
A win at the Birmingham Indoor Grand Prix in England preceded his second national title at the 2011 USA Indoor Championships. He finished his indoor season with a personal record clearance of . He struggled to match this forms outdoors, however, and placed fourth at the 2011 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. Having achieved the previous "A" selection standard, he was chosen for the 2011 World Championships in Athletics ahead of national third-placer Nick Mossberg. At the global event in Daegu he cleared the opening height but then had three failures at .
In 2012 he set the same mark at the 2012 USA Indoors as he had a year early, but it was only enough for third on that occasion. He placed in the top three of both the Brazilian Athletics Tour meets he competed at and was runner-up at the Ponce Grand Prix with a clearance of . He matched that height at the 2012 United States Olympic Trials, but this was not sufficient for the American Olympic team and he finished fifth in the event. His form was not as good in the subsequent 2013 season, in which he ranked outside the top five in national competitions and did not vault over five and a half metres.
World leader
Hollis returned to top level form in 2014, taking consecutive wins at the Millrose Games then the USA Indoor Championships for his third national title. A vault of was a world leading mark in May, and the best mark he had achieved in nearly four years. He was fourth at the World Challenge Beijing meet and finished the 2014 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships as the runner-up with his best of , second to Sam Kendricks. A series of five straight wins in European competitions marked a new career high as he won the Gugl Games in a best of , improved further to at the Liege Meeting, before finally going on to vault a personal record of in Landau. He competed at the IAAF Diamond League season-ending Memorial Van Damme and placed fourth. Given his performances (his new best ranked him second in the world that year, only behind the world record holder Renaud Lavillenie) he was selected to represent the Americas team at the 2014 IAAF Continental Cup. He placed third behind Lavillenie and Xue Changrui – his first international top three finish.
Personal bests
Pole vault outdoors: (2014)
Pole vault indoors: (2014)
National titles
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships
Pole vault: 2010
USA Indoor Track and Field Championships
Pole vault: 2011, 2014
International competitions
References
External links
Mark Hollis USA homepage
Living people
1984 births
American male pole vaulters
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
Olivet Nazarene University alumni
People from Freeport, Illinois
Sportspeople from the Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois
Sportspeople from Illinois
Athletes (track and field) at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners
USA Indoor Track and Field Championships winners
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games |
Rajarambapu Patil (1 August 1920 – 17 January 1984) was an Indian politician from Walwa, Sangli, Maharashtra.
Personal life
Rajaram (Bapu) Anant Patil was born on 1 August 1920 at Kasegaon in Walwa, Sangli Taluka of Sangli District. His education is LL. B. was up to He worked underground in the freedom movement of 1942. Rajarambapu Patil founded the Kasegaon Education Institute in 1945 and started secondary schools and colleges. Taking the idea that the life of the common man in the village should stand on the foundation of knowledge, Bapu set up a network of educational institutions in Valwa taluka.
Political career
He established engineering and technical colleges, he tried to change the economic condition of the farmers by starting a co-operative sugar factory on the desolate plantation of Sakharle.He established the Walwa Dairy Union at Islampur to get the milk of the farmers at a fair price market. Considering the farmer as the center, he set the ideal of cooperation by setting up various institutions like sugar factories, cooperative banks, milk unions, consumer stores, yarn mills, water supply institutions
Rajarambapu Patil was the Secretary of Sangli District Committee in 1957 and President of Congress Maharashtra Pradesh Congress in 1959–60. He was the President of South Satara District Local Board from 1952 to 1962. Patil was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly from Walwa constituency in Sangli district in 1962, 1967 and 1972 and to the Maharashtra Legislative Council from 1978 to 1984. Between 1962 and 1980, he served as Minister of Revenue, Energy, Industry, Rural Development, Law and Justice and Information and Public Relations.
References
1920 births
1984 deaths
People from Sangli
Marathi politicians
Maharashtra MLAs 1962–1967
Maharashtra MLAs 1967–1972
Maharashtra MLAs 1972–1978 |
The Last Ship may refer to:
The Last Ship (album), 2013 album by Sting
The Last Ship (musical), 2014 musical
The Last Ship (novel), 1988 novel by William Brinkley
The Last Ship (TV series), 2014–2018 television series loosely based on the novel
The Last Ship, a ship mentioned in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (first published 1955); and The Last Ship, a poem by Tolkien appearing in his The Adventures of Tom Bombadil (first published 1961) |
¿Quién quiere ser millonario? is the Spanish version of the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? It has aired on Telecinco (1999–2001) and Antena 3 (2005–2009; 2020–present). It has been presented by Carlos Sobera (1999–2008), Antonio Garrido (2009) and Juanra Bonet (2020–present).
Format
Each contestant is asked 15 questions of increasing difficulty for increasing sums of money. Each question is multiple choice, with four options, and each must be answered correctly for the contestant to be asked the next one. The fifteen questions are divided into three blocks of five, ending with the jackpot. Advancing into the next block secures a sum of money. If a wrong answer is given, the contestant leaves with the last secured amount of money.
The contestant has three "lifelines" () that they can use once each in the game. "50:50" eliminates two wrong answers so that only the right answer and a random wrong answer remain, "Ask the Audience" (Preguntar al público) takes a survey of what the studio audience believes to be the answer, and "Phone a Friend" (Llamar a un amigo) allows the contestant to make a 30-second telephone call to ask a friend the question.
History
Debut on Telecinco (1999–2001)
Under the original title of 50 por 15: ¿Quiere ser millonario? ("50 for 15: Do you want to be a Millionaire?", referring to the 15 questions and jackpot of 50 million Spanish pesetas), the show debuted on 17 September 1999 at 9 pm. It was presented by Carlos Sobera on Telecinco. This initial spell saw the show's only jackpot winner, Enrique Chicote of Barcelona, who won the sum roughly equal to €300,000. On the final question, he used the Phone a Friend lifeline to call his wife to inform her that he knew the final answer, namely that copra comes from a coconut. The show was cancelled in March 2001 to dedicate more time to Gran Hermano, an adaptation of another popular international format, Big Brother. 50 por 15'''s audience share had peaked at around 29%.
Revival on Antena 3 (2005–2009)
The show was revived under its current name in July 2005, on Antena 3. Sobera returned as the host. With the discontinuation of the peseta, the prize was now €1,000,000. The show was commissioned as a temporary replacement, to fill a timeslot during a break on Pasapalabra, a game show then holding a 22% audience share. An innovation allowed for viewers to win up to €1,000 if they texted the right answer to a question that a contestant did not answer correctly. Sobera said that the revived show would be more fun and less rigid than the Telecinco edition.
In February 2007, the show was renewed for 2008, having achieved average audience shares of 20% and trailing only La Ruleta de la Suerte'' as Antena 3's most-watched show. After a break of 12 months, the show returned in May 2009 with the actor Antonio Garrido as the host.
Second revival (2020–)
In May 2019, Antena 3 announced that Juanra Bonet would host four special episodes to mark the show's 20th anniversary. On the third of these, noted game show winners took part, including Chicote; he won just €15,000 after taking a risk by reserving his Phone a Friend option. Garrido also returned, as a celebrity contestant in March 2021.
References
1999 Spanish television series debuts
2001 Spanish television series endings
2005 Spanish television series debuts
2009 Spanish television series endings
2020 Spanish television series debuts
Telecinco original programming
Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel) original programming
Spanish game shows
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? |
Nesopupa baldwini is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Vertiginidae the whorl snails. This species is endemic to Hawaii in the USA.
References
Vertiginidae
Gastropods described in 1904
Endemic molluscs of Hawaii
Taxa named by César Marie Félix Ancey
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Daniil Pavlovich Utkin (; born 12 October 1999) is a Russian football player who plays as a central midfielder for FC Rostov and the Russia national team.
Club career
He made his Russian Professional Football League debut for FC Krasnodar-2 on 10 March 2018 in a game against FC Chayka Peschanokopskoye.
He made his first appearance for the main squad of FC Krasnodar on 1 November 2018 in a Russian Cup game against FC Krylia Sovetov Samara.
He made his Russian Premier League debut for Krasnodar on 9 December 2018 in a game against FC Ufa as a 82nd-minute substitute for Viktor Claesson.
On 11 June 2021, he joined FC Akhmat Grozny on loan until 31 May 2022.
On 16 June 2022, Utkin signed a four-year contract with FC Rostov.
International career
Utkin was called up to the Russia national football team for the first time for a friendly against Kyrgyzstan in September 2022. He made his debut on 24 September 2022 in that game and scored the winning goal in the 89th minute.
Career statistics
Club
International
International goals
Scores and results list Russia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Utkin goal.
References
External links
1999 births
People from Aksaysky District
Footballers from Rostov Oblast
Living people
Russian men's footballers
Russia men's youth international footballers
Russia men's under-21 international footballers
Russia men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Krasnodar-2 players
FC Krasnodar players
FC Akhmat Grozny players
FC Rostov players
Russian Premier League players
Russian First League players
Russian Second League players |
```haskell
module T7312 where
-- this works
mac :: Double -> (Double->Double) -> (Double-> Double)
mac ac m = \ x -> ac + x * m x
-- this doesn't
mac2 :: Double -> (->) Double Double -> (->) Double Double
mac2 ac m = \ x -> ac + x * m x
``` |
89th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.
History
Service
The 89th Indiana was formed at Camp Morton on August 28, 1862, in Indianapolis, Indiana. Under the command of Colonel Charles D. Murray, Lieutenant Colonel Hervey Craven, Major George Cubberly, Major Samuel Henry and Major Joseph P. Winters.
It was disestablished in Mobile, Alabama, on July 19, 1865. The regiment lost 6 officers and 55 enlisted men killed during service and 3 officers and 188 enlisted men by disease, for a total of 252 casualties.
Battle of Munfordville
On September 2, 1862, the 89th Indiana Regiment was sent to reinforce the Federal garrison at Munfordville, Kentucky. Upon reaching their destination, they were stationed to guard the railroad bridge across the Green River. On September 14, 1862, the 89th would see their first battle, which would become known as the Battle of Munfordville. They were attacked by the Confederate Army of Mississippi under Gen. Braxton Bragg. The 89th were driven within their fortifications and held off two major Confederate charges on the garrison. The Confederate Army began to conduct siege operations on September 15 and by September 16 had surrounded the smaller Union force, planting artillery on every hill lying around the fortification. The Confederates demanded surrender from Commander of the Union garrison Col. John T. Wilder, who was escorted under a flag of truce. Confederate Maj. Gen. Simon B. Buckner escorted him to view the strength of the Confederates, which convinced him that any attempt at fighting would only be a waste of life. On September 17, the entire Union force surrendered and was immediately paroled and sent towards General Buell's Army of the Ohio.
Fort Pickering
On December 4, 1862, they were attached to the District of Memphis, Tennessee, in the 16th Army Corps. The 89th Indiana performed guard and fatigue duty at Fort Pickering (Memphis, Tennessee) located just south of Memphis, Tennessee. As Fort Pickering never saw battle, the 89th did not do any fighting there.
Expedition to Hernando
On August 16, 1863, the 89th Indiana went on an expedition from Memphis, Tennessee, to Hernando, Mississippi and encountered some Confederates near Panola, Mississippi.
Expedition after Forrest
On December 24, 1863, the 89th Indiana was part of the expedition to attempt to cut off Brigadier General Nathan Bedford Forrest's retreat. The overall Union strength was ten thousand strong, marching an average of twenty miles a day. Nonetheless, General Forrest still managed to escape across the Tennessee River.
Meridian Campaign
February 3, 1864, was the start of the Meridian Campaign, also known as the Battle of Meridian. The 89th Indiana had skirmished with Confederate forces on the march to Meridian. As they approached Meridian, they met stiffer resistance from the combined forces but steadily moved on and reach Meridian, Mississippi, on Feb 14th. By Feb 20th the Union victory was complete with the destruction of Confederate transportation facilities.
Red River Campaign
March 10, 1864, was the start of the Red River Campaign The 89th Indiana left Vicksburg, Mississippi, to take the Confederate Louisiana state capital of Shreveport, Louisiana, by traveling on transports down river and escorted into the Red River, fought at Henderson's hill, assisting in the capture of 270 men and 4 pieces of artillery, fighting at the battle of Pleasant Hill and in the various minor engagements incidental to the Red River Campaign.
On April 9, 1864, the 89th Indiana was in the Battle of Pleasant Hill. The 89th Indiana was reinforcing the Union forces from the previous day's Battle of Mansfield. Officially, the battle was a Union victory; as the Confederates were successfully driven from the field.
The Battle is also the largest battle fought west of the Mississippi River. Despite the success with the battle, however, the campaign was a failure for the Union.
Smith's Expeditions
On July 5, 1864, the 89th Indiana advanced south from Tennessee on Smith's Expedition to Tupelo to protect Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman’s supply line for his campaign against Atlanta. The 89th engaged in the Battle of Tupelo in Harrisburg on July 14th and 15th. The expedition was a success with the defeat of Stephen D. Lee and Nathan Bedford Forrest and the fulfilled mission of insuring William T. Sherman’s supply lines. On the 15th of July, the 89th started back to Memphis.
On August 1, 1864, 89th Indiana set out on Smith's expedition to Oxford. No major battles were fought on this expedition, just minor skirmishes with Confederates on the march to Oxford, Mississippi. On the 22nd, the Union force reached Oxford and burned both the brick blocks fronting on the public square and the Court-House in one conflagration. The houses of some prominent official rebels were also burned, such as that of Jacob Thompson, Confederate Secretary of the Interior. They marched back to Memphis as quickly as the extreme heat would allow.
Expedition to DeSoto
The 89th Indiana had been at the Jefferson Barracks in Missouri since September 8, 1864. When word was received of Confederates reaching DeSoto, Missouri, Major Gen. Andrew J. Smith led some of his troops out, with the 89th Indiana being one of these regiments. On September 20, 1864, they marched to DeSoto, Missouri, to meet the Confederate force of Major General Sterling Price.
Pursuit of Price
On October 1, 1864, 89th Indiana and the detachment of the Army of the Tennessee under Andrew J. Smith accompanied Major General Alfred Pleasonton after Major General Sterling Price to stop Price's campaign for Missouri. They fought at the Battle of Westport on October 23, 1864, a battle which would later become known as "The Gettysburg of the West." The resulting Union victory put an end to Price's campaign for Missouri. and rendered the Army of Missouri incapable of any future significant operations.
Battle of Nashville
The 89th arrived in Nashville, Tennessee, by steamers on the Cumberland River to reinforce Nashville's defenses against Major General John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee. On the opening day of the Battle of Nashville on December 15, 1864, the 1st Brigade under Colonel David Moore defended the main assault of the Confederates. By the end of the next day, December 16, 1864, the Confederate Army of Tennessee was no longer an effective fighting force.
Pursuit of Hood
On December 17, 1864, Major General John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee was routed from the hills around Nashville, Tennessee, and fled toward the Franklin Pike, the only route of retreat left open to them. Behind them rose loud cheers from victorious Union soldiers. There were skirmishes throughout 120-mile retreat until the Army of Tennessee crossed the Tennessee River on December 28 and the pursuit was called off.
Mobile Campaign
On March 17, 1865, the Mobile Campaign began to take the city of Mobile, Alabama. The 89th Indiana, with the rest of the XVI Corps and XIII Corps, moved along the eastern shore of Mobile Bay, forcing the Confederates back into their defenses. Union forces then concentrated on the defenses of Mobile. The siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely after the fall of the other major forts opened the city of Mobile itself to attack. On April 12, 1865, Union forces occupied Mobile.
Battle of Fort Blakely
On March 26, 1865, the siege of Fort Blakely began. By April 1, Union forces had enveloped Spanish Fort, thereby releasing more troops to focus on Fort Blakely. The Confederate force at Spanish Fort fell on April 8. The final assault began the next day on the Confederate force at Fort Blakely. The 89th Indiana assisted in the capture of 3,700 Confederates and 40 pieces of artillery on their last major engagement of the Civil War.
Commanders
See also
List of Indiana Civil War regiments
References
Units and formations of the Union Army from Indiana
Military units and formations established in 1862
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
1862 establishments in Indiana |
Wucao Suanjing (Mathematical Manual of the Five Administrative Departments) is one of the books in the collection of mathematical texts assembled by Li Chunfeng and collectively referred to as The Ten Computational Canons by later writers. The text was designed for the teaching of those entering the five government departments of agriculture, war, accounts, granary and treasury. There is a chapter relating to each one of these departments. The text contains some formulas to find the areas of different shapes of fields. Though the formulas give approximately correct answers, they are actually incorrect. This incorrectness motivated further mathematical work. The mathematics involved does not go much beyond the processes of multiplication and division.
An approximation formula given in Wucao suanjing
Wucao suanjing contains an interesting approximate formula to find the area of a quadrilateral. This formula, known as "Surveyor's Rule" appears in the ancient mathematical literature of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Europe, Arabia and India. The formula can be stated thus:
Area of a quadrilateral = (a + c)(b + d)/4 where a, b, c, d are the lengths of the sides of the quadrilateral.
References
Chinese mathematics |
Tõnis Kalde (born 11 August 1976) is a retired football midfielder from Estonia. He played for several clubs in his native country, including FC Kuressaare, and appeared twice for the Estonian national team.
International career
Kalde earned his first official cap for the Estonia national football team on 19 May 1995, when Estonia played Latvia at the Baltic Cup 1995. He obtained a total number of two caps.
References
1976 births
Living people
Estonian men's footballers
Estonia men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
FC Kuressaare players |
Uzbekistan will compete at the 2022 World Athletics Championships in Eugene, United States, from 15 to 24 July 2022.
Results
Uzbekistan has entered 1 athletes.
Women
Field events
References
External links
Oregon22｜WCH 22｜World Athletics
Nations at the 2022 World Athletics Championships
World Championships in Athletics
Uzbekistan at the World Athletics Championships |
Martin J. Sweeney (born July 2, 1963) is an American politician of the Democratic Party in Cleveland, Ohio. He was elected a member of the Ohio State legislature in 2014. Previously he served as the majority leader of Cleveland City Council, representing Ward 20.
He was elected council president in November 2005, when then-president Frank G. Jackson was elected mayor of Cleveland. He assumed office as council president on January 2, 2006. Sweeney graduated from Saint Ignatius High School on Cleveland's West Side in 1981. Sweeney's father is retired Cleveland Municipal Court judge Gerald Francis Sweeney.
In 2014, Sweeney decided to run for the Ohio House of Representatives. After winning a three-way primary, he won the general election over Republican 62%-38%.
References
1963 births
Living people
Cleveland City Council members
Saint Ignatius High School (Cleveland) alumni
21st-century American politicians
Democratic Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
Cuyahoga County Council members |
Turkish and Foreign Languages Research and Application Center of Ankara University, TÖMER, was founded in 1984 by Mehmet Hengirmen for the purposes of teaching the Turkish language to foreigners and natives; such language and culture institutions as the British Council, Goethe Institut, Instituto Cervantes and Alliance française acted as models for the constitution of the Center. It has class levels from beginner to advanced.
History and development
Initially, TÖMER served within the main building of the Faculty of Letters of Ankara University. In later years, classes and administrative units were established in the Social Sciences Institute and the Morphology Department of the same university. In addition to Turkish, TÖMER started organizing English language courses in 1986, to be followed by German language courses in 1987. In 1989, French was added to the list of languages taught at TÖMER. Ankara University opened TÖMER branches in the Republic of Northern Cyprus, as well as in Berlin and Frankfurt; however, these branches were short-lived. Istanbul and Izmir branches, among the first opened in Turkey, on the other hand, still serve language learners. When several Central Asian Turkic republics gained independence and a large number of students from these newly independent countries arrived in Turkey to receive university education, TÖMER Tunalı Hilmi Branch in Ankara was established; other TÖMER branches in these years included those in such cities as Edirne, Trabzon, Samsun, Konya, Kayseri, Eskişehir and Antalya. In the same years, several Turkish teachers were sent to these Central Asian Turkic republics to teach Turkish in universities. In time, some of these TÖMER branches – such as those in Eskişehir, Konya and Edirne – were closed down while some new additions – Alanya, Ankara ORAN, Denizli, and the like – were set up.
To the February, 2014, there are 11 branches and a central office in TÖMER. Central office and two branches are in Ankara, two more branches are situated in Istanbul. There are also branches in Trabzon, Giresun, Samsun, Marmaris, Izmir, Bursa, Antalya and Alanya.
Management
Dr. Mehmet Hengirmen, serving as the President of TÖMER since its foundation, was replaced in 2002 by Ms. Aypar Altınel, herself serving as a Turkish teacher within TÖMER. When Ms. Altınel retired, she was replaced by the current president, Assistant Professor Dr. Nadir Engin Uzun, who is also a member of the Linguistics Department of the Faculty of Letters of Ankara University. After Ass.Prof.Dr.Nadir Engin Uzun the position of the head of TÖMER was taken up by Ass.Prof.Dr. M. Ertan GÖKMEN.
Language courses
TÖMER is an institution of Ankara University, run on revolving fund basis. Language courses are organized throughout the year, with weekday and weekend classes.
TÖMER has about 55 thousand learners receive language education in one academic year.
Languages taught in TÖMER include Turkish, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Modern Greek, Dutch, Korean, Bulgarian, Chinese, Ottoman language, Arabic, Polish and languages of the Central Asian Turkic Republics.
Publications
TÖMER Publications include
Edebiyat (Istanbul TÖMER)
Dil ve İnsan (Kayseri TÖMER)
Alleben (Gaziantep TÖMER)
TÖMER Çeviri (Bursa TÖMER)
Mavi Portakal (Antalya TÖMER)
Türk Lehçeleri (Tunalı Hilmi TÖMER)
Dil Dergisi (Ankara TÖMER)
Ana Dili (İzmir TÖMER)
Cukurova TÖMER
Of these, Dil Dergisi ile Ana Dili are currently published. In addition, Hitit, a series of textbooks for the teaching of Turkish as a foreign language, has been written and published by TÖMER, and is currently used in language courses both in TÖMER and in several other institutions.
Projects
TÖMER participates in several European Union projects; these include
LANCELOT
European Languages Web 2
NEWAP
LINGUA Projects
FIRST STEPS
EUROPODIANS
References
Ankara University |
The Iowa State University Digital Press (also known as ISTUDP) is a digital university press affiliated with Iowa State University, located in Ames, Iowa. The press, which is a unit of the Iowa State University Library, was organized in 2018 and is dedicated to the creation, publication, and dissemination of open-access books and journal articles.
Often seen as a successor of sorts to the Iowa State University Press (a now-defunct publisher that had previously been an active member of the Association of American University Presses), the Iowa State University Digital Press was founded to "support of Iowa State University’s land-grant mission." The publisher is currently a member of the Library Publishing Coalition.
Publications
Notable journals
Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication
Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
Meat and Muscle Biology
Notable proceedings
International Interactive Symposium on Ultra-High Performance Concrete
International Textile and Apparel Association Annual Conference Proceedings
Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching Proceedings
See also
List of English-language book publishing companies
List of university presses
References
External links
Official website
Pressbooks website
Publishing companies established in 2018
Iowa
2018 establishments in Iowa
Open access (publishing)
Open access projects
Library publishing
American companies established in 2018 |
Bous is a municipality in the district of Saarlouis, in Saarland, Germany. It is situated on the river Saar, approx. 5 km southeast of Saarlouis, and 15 km west of Saarbrücken.
Sister cities
Koulikoro, Mali
Quétigny, France
References
Saarlouis (district) |
M.A. Voepel (formerly Mechelle Voepel) is an American sportswriter. He has reported on women's sports for ESPN since 1996 and has been described by the company as "the foremost authority on women's basketball".
Biography
Voepel was born in Los Angeles, California, and he grew up in Moscow Mills, Missouri. Voepel studied journalism at the University of Missouri, where he reported on his first women's basketball game and graduated in 1987. Voepel's first job was in Jackson, Tennessee, and he later worked for news outlets in Columbia, Newport News, and Kansas City, including the Columbia Daily Tribune and The Kansas City Star. In 1996, Voepel joined ESPN.com to cover women's basketball, both collegiate and professional, and has since attended multiple collegiate Women's Final Four national semi-finals. Voepel has also covered other college sports and attended the Summer Olympic Games, the Winter Olympic Games, the FIFA Women's World Cup, and various professional golf tournaments. Voepel received the 2003 Mel Greenberg Media Award, awarded by the Women's Basketball Coaches Association, for his writing for The Kansas City Star and ESPN. Since 2008, Voepel has exclusively reported for ESPN.com.
Voepel was honored by the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame in 2014. In early 2022, Voepel received the Curt Gowdy Media Award for print media from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame for contributions to basketball media. Voepel came out as transgender on Twitter that August and explained he had begun a gender transition and would begin using the byline M.A. Voepel and masculine personal pronouns. Voepel wrote that winning the Curt Gowdy Media Award earlier that year motivated him to make the announcement, because he wanted to accept the award as his "authentic self" at the award ceremony the following month.
References
External links
ESPN Press Room profile
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American LGBT journalists
American sportswriters
American transgender writers
Journalists from Missouri
LGBT people from Missouri
Living people
Transgender male writers
University of Missouri alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
teve2 is a Turkish entertainment channel owned by Demirören Group. The channel launched on 18 August 2012 with the TeVe2 name to replace TNT, which had decided to withdraw from Turkish market due to difficulty. In 2016, the channel changed its name to teve2. Like most Turkish channels, both local and foreign programs are shown on the channel and the foreign programs may be broadcast either dubbed or its original language. The channel is mostly known for its broadcast of the game show Kelime Oyunu (Word Game in English).
On-screen identity
teve2 HD is the high-definition version of the teve2 channe l was launched in February 2013. Until 2014 the channel was only accessible through the D-Smart platform, but with the launch of the Turksat 4A satellite, it was added to Vodafone TV and the Turksat 4A satellite.
References
External links
Official site
Television stations in Turkey
Television channels and stations established in 2012
Bağcılar |
Glen Stewart Godwin (born June 26, 1958) is an American fugitive and convicted murderer who was added to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list on December 7, 1996, nine years after he escaped from Folsom State Prison in Folsom, California, where he was serving a 26-years-to-life sentence. He replaced O'Neil Vassell on the list. However, he was dropped from the list on May 19, 2016.
Early years
Glen Godwin was born June 26, 1958, in Miami, Florida. In the 1960s, his family moved to California and resided in Palm Springs, Riverside County, California. Godwin attended Palm Springs High School, which he graduated in 1975. Godwin did well at school and played on trumpet for many years in the school brass band.
Murder of Kim LeValley
In 1980, Godwin was living in Palm Springs, California, working as a self-employed tool salesman, a mechanic, and a construction worker, with no discernible criminal history. Godwin and his roommate, Frank Soto, Jr., planned to rob a drug dealer and pilot, Kim Robert LeValley, who was once a friend of theirs. Godwin and Soto lured LeValley back to their condominium where Soto held him, Godwin punched and kicked him, tried to strangle him, then ultimately stabbed LeValley 26 times with his butcher knife (during the trial, however, the prosecution said that Godwin used a serrated-edge knife — a butcher's knife was not mentioned). After the murder, Godwin and Soto loaded the body into a truck and set off for the desert. Godwin tried to blow up the evidence by using homemade explosives strapped to the body. The explosion was intended to disguise the murder of LeValley. On August 3, 1980, some Eagle Mountain residents found a blown-up pickup truck with remains of a human body inside of it abandoned in the desert.
Later, police identified the body and charged Godwin with first-degree murder. Although Soto testified against Godwin, Soto was sentenced to 25 years to life in prison for the murder in 1982. Godwin was sentenced for the murder and robbery to 26 years to life in prison in 1983.
Escape from Folsom State Prison
In 1987, Godwin attempted to escape during his incarceration at Deuel Vocational Institute in California, and he was moved to Folsom State Prison, a maximum-security prison. Authorities believe Godwin's wife Shelly Rose Godwin and his former cellmate in Deuel, Lorenz Karlic, helped to plan his escape.
A hacksaw and other tools had been smuggled into the prison for Godwin. On June 5, 1987, he cut a hole through fence wire and escaped into a storm drain that emptied into the American River. Godwin dropped through a manhole and crawled through the pitch-black drain. An accomplice, suspected to be either Godwin's wife or Karlic, had left a raft that Godwin used to float down the river, following painted arrows on rocks that directed him where to go.
In June 1987, Karlic was arrested in Hesperia, California and convicted for aiding Godwin's escape. Karlic died by suicide on February 12, 2002, while in custody at Men's Central Jail in Los Angeles, California. He had previously been arrested after a foot chase with deputies from the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. He had been convicted in January 2002 of eight charges related to the pursuit which took place in La Crescenta in April 2001. Karlic was scheduled to be sentenced on February 25, 2002.
In January 1988, Shelly Godwin was classified as a federal fugitive for her role in her husband's escape. She was captured by the FBI in Dallas, Texas, on February 7, 1990.
Capture and escape
Godwin fled to Mexico, where he unsuccessfully participated in the illegal drug trade. He was arrested in Puerto Vallarta, later convicted for drug trafficking in Guadalajara, Mexico, and sentenced to seven years and six months to Puente Grande prison in 1991. While American authorities were working on Godwin's extradition proceedings, he allegedly killed a member of a Mexican drug cartel in prison. The new murder allegation delayed his extradition, which gave Godwin more time to execute another escape, which occurred in September 1991.
Godwin is currently believed to be involved in the illicit drug trade somewhere in Latin America, having possibly used aliases such as Dennis Harold McWilliams, Nigel Lopez and Miguel Carrera. He is considered to be armed and extremely dangerous, and an obvious flight risk. The FBI is offering a reward of up to $20,000 for information leading to Godwin's capture.
He was removed from the Most Wanted List in May 2016 with the FBI director declaring that "We think the payoff from the publicity has diminished over time".
In popular culture
On March 15, 2021, Godwin was featured on the first episode of the revival of America's Most Wanted.
See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
References
External links
Godwin's FBI Most Wanted Fugitive Alert
Godwin's profile on America's Most Wanted
1958 births
1980 murders in the United States
1991 murders in Mexico
American drug traffickers
American emigrants to Mexico
American escapees
American people convicted of murder
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American salespeople
American robbers
Criminals from Florida
Escapees from California detention
Escapees from Mexican detention
FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
Fugitives wanted by Mexico
Fugitives wanted on murder charges
Living people
People convicted of murder by California
People from Miami
People from Palm Springs, California
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by California
Murder in Riverside County, California |
Brainbench was an online education company founded in January 1998 (until 8 December 1999 the name was Tekmetrics.com) and later acquired by PreVisor in 2006. PreVisor merged with SHL in 2011; SHL was acquired by the Corporate Executive Board in 2012. CEB was acquired by Gartner in 2017. CEB's Talent Assessment business was acquired from Gartner by Exponent Private Equity in 2018. The CEB Talent Assessment Business was re-branded as SHL in 2018. Brainbench provided online certifications mainly in the Information Technology field and others in general. The company provided services to more than 5,000 corporate clients and over 6 million individuals. Some of Brainbench's 630 exams were available free of charge, while others were administered for a fee.
Testing
Brainbench provided online tests for registered users on its website. The tests included paid tests, which required payment in order to take the exams, free tests, and beta tests (pre-release tests where no certificates were earned upon completion). Brainbench ended their services on August 31, 2022.
References
Further reading
The Washington Times
Start Your Own E-Learning Business. Entrepreneur Press.
InfoWorld
New Straits Times
External links
Defunct American websites
Internet properties established in 1998
American educational websites |
Local 33–UNITE HERE, formerly the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (“GESO–UNITE HERE”), is a union of graduate student teachers and researchers at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Local 33 is affiliated with the international union UNITE HERE, which also represents Yale University's service, maintenance, clerical, and technical workers. After more than three decades of organizing, Yale graduate workers submitted over 3,000 signed union authorization cards to the Hartford, Connecticut office of the National Labor Relations Board, or NLRB, representing the greatest number of graduate workers who have ever supported unionizing. On January 9th, 2023, Yale graduate workers won their union, with 1,860 members voting in favor and 179 voting against, a 10.4 to 1 ratio in favor of unionization. The proposed worker bargaining unit of about 4,000 graduate and professional school workers was the second largest election filing in the country in 2022.
Local 33 has received support from many prominent academics, including Corey Robin, Michael Denning, David Graeber, and Michael Bérubé, and elected officials, including Governor Dannel Malloy, Senators Richard Blumenthal and Chris Murphy, New Haven Mayor Toni Harp, US Senator Bernie Sanders, and US Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro.
History
In 2014, Local 33 took its campaign public at a rally on October 21, unveiling a petition with the photographs of over 1000 graduate students calling on Yale to negotiate the terms of a neutral election. Local 33 is asking Yale to address four main issues: fairness in teaching and funding; mental healthcare for graduate students; racial and gender equity; and affordable childcare.
On August 29, 2016, following the NLRB's decision in Columbia, Local 33 members in 10 academic departments filed election petitions with the NLRB.
On January 25, 2017, the Regional Director for Region 1 of the National Labor Relations Board ordered union elections for graduate teachers in the Departments of East Asian Languages and Literatures, English, Geology and Geophysics, History, History of Art, Math, Physics, Political Science, and Sociology.
Activities
In 2012, GESO hosted a conference on academic labor entitled, "The Changing University: An Interdisciplinary Symposium". In 2014, GESO re-emerged with two "majority petition" rallies. The first, held on April 30, presented a petition to the Yale administration with over 1000 signatures of graduate students. The second, on October 21, 2014, presented a petition with over 1000 photographs of graduate students paired with allies from the local unions, the community, and elected officials, including Governor Dannel Malloy, New Haven Mayor Toni Harp, and US Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro. In February 2015, GESO released a report on the expansion of Yale College, entitled "Teaching in a Growing Yale: Critical Questions." GESO presented a petition with over 1100 signatures to the university in May 2015. The petition calls on Yale to "begin contract negotiations on issues of immediate concern including funding security, racial and gender equity, and mental health care."
See also
List of graduate student employee unions
References
External links
UNITE HERE
Yale University
Graduate school trade unions
Trade unions established in 1990 |
Campbell Cooley is an American voice and television actor based in New Zealand, best known for voicing prominent villains in the Power Rangers franchise.
Biography
Early life
Cooley attended the University of Louisville, where he received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Theatre. For several years, he worked as a stage actor and director.
Acting career
In 1997, Cooley moved into acting for film and television. In 1998 (during a four-month period), he played three different villainous roles on Xena: Warrior Princess. One of the roles gave him the distinction of being victim to Gabrielle (Renee O'Connor) in the "infamous Drool scene", is named by Xena fans, from the episode, "In Sickness and In Hell".
In 2005, Cooley appeared in New Zealand's medical soap opera Shortland Street as nurse 'Liam Todd', caregiver to Dr. Chris Warner's twin sister, Amanda Warner (Marissa Stott).
In 2007, Cooley got his first major role in the Power Rangers franchise, the new voice of Alpha 6 in the Operation Overdrive episode “Once a Ranger”. He would go on to voice Admiral Malkor in Power Rangers Megaforce, Snide in Power Rangers Dino Super Charge, Galaxy Warriors host Cosmo Royale and Ripcon in Power Rangers Ninja Steel and Super Ninja Steel and Scrozzle in Power Rangers Beast Morphers. He would later voice new general Slyther in Power Rangers Dino Fury.
In 2018, Cooley began branching out into anime dubbing roles, with small parts in series including One Piece and Trigun Stampede.
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
American expatriate male actors in New Zealand
American male voice actors
Male actors from Florida
People from Pensacola, Florida
University of Louisville alumni |
This is the discography of Indian singer composer Himesh Reshammiya. He has released 6 studio albums till date, All the details below contains his work as a playback singer, composer, lyricist and actor.
Filmography
As an actor
As producer
Reshammiya, along with his father Vipin Reshammiya, has produced and distributed films under the banner HR Musik Limited. Later in 2021, he launched his another record label, Himesh Reshammiya Melodies, to produce his music albums and in 2022, he announced his first film under this banner.
As story writer
Discography as a composer
As a background music composer
As a music director
Discography as a playback singer
Discography as a lyricist
Solo albums
Theater
Television appearances
References
External links
Himesh Reshammiya albums
Films scored by Himesh Reshammiya |
Parvarish () is a 1977 Hindi-language crime drama film directed by Manmohan Desai, starring Shammi Kapoor, with Amitabh Bachchan and Vinod Khanna as two brothers playing oneupmanship, and Neetu Singh and Shabana Azmi as their love interests. The latter four had previously starred, earlier that same year, in Desai's own Amar Akbar Anthony, the highest-grossing film of the year.
Amjad Khan and Kader Khan play the villains. The film also marked Kapoor's full entry into character roles (after his own production Manoranjan), which he would lead in for nearly the next two decades. Laxmikant Pyarelal gave the music to this film and Majrooh Sultanpuri the lyrics.
One of the biggest Diwali blockbusters of all-time, Parvarish was the fourth highest-grossing film of the year at the box office, and one of Desai's four hits that year, the others being Dharam Veer, Chacha Bhatija and Amar Akbar Anthony.
Plot
DSP Shamsher Singh (Shammi Kapoor) captures the notorious bandit Mangal Singh (Amjad Khan) just as Mangal's wife is about to give birth. She dies at childbirth, but not before extracting from the DSP his promise to take care of her son. Subsequently, DSP Singh raises the boy alongside his own. Ironically, DSP Singh's own biological son Kishen has a wicked streak, while Mangal's son, Amit, is endowed with a sweet, honest nature. Released after 14 years in jail, Mangal finds out that his old enemy is raising his son, who he believes to be Kishen. After a misunderstanding, Kishen comes to believe that he is actually Mangal's son and falls under the bandit's influence, though he continues to live in the inspector's home.
20 years later, Amit (Amitabh Bachchan) is a police inspector, while Kishen (Vinod Khanna) is a teacher for blind children, while simultaneously working as a smuggler for a now-affluent Mangal's gang.
Amit and Kishen encounter a plucky pair of pickpocketing orphaned sisters – Neetu (Neetu Singh) and Shabbo (Shabana Azmi) – who are smitten with the brothers and half-heartedly resolve to go straight in order to win them over. Amit, assigned to take down Mangal's gang, eventually encounters Kishen in an altercation that ends with the latter getting shot in the leg. Amit tries to expose Kishen during Shamsher's birthday party, but Kishen tricks his way out of the situation. Later, Kishen's car is rigged with a time bomb by a foe of his. Amit saves Kishen, who was smuggling diamonds at the time, but is caught in the explosion himself; upon gaining consciousness, Amit reveals that he can no longer see.
Kishen, feeling indebted, tries to help Amit cope. Amit, who can actually see, uses this opportunity to gain damning evidence of Kishen's crimes. Shamsher's wife Asha finds out that Amit can see, forcing Amit to tell her the truth about Kishen. A devastated Asha ends up revealing Amit's true parentage. Meanwhile, Neetu and Shabbo try to kill Mangal Singh, who had killed their parents years ago. Mangal captures them, and notices that Neetu has a distinct locket. This locket, given by Amit to Neetu, had previously been given by Mangal to his wife with the intention to pass it on to their son; Mangal thus realizes that Amit is his son.
Shamsher finally confronts Kishen, who is told about his true parentage, as well. Kishen, guilty, repents by leading Amit to Mangal's lair. Mangal holds Neetu and Shabbo hostage and tries to kill Kishen. Amit defeats Mangal's brother Dev in a fight, while Kishen rescues the women. Mangal, having escaped, reports to his boss Supremo, who captures Shamsher. Amit and Kishen team to rescue their father and capture Supremo, leading to an underwater action scene. Mangal finally surrenders to Amit, while Kishen surrenders to Shamsher.
The film ends with Amit and Kishen (having served his sentence) marrying Neetu and Shabbo.
Cast
Shammi Kapoor as D.S.P. Shamsher Singh
Amitabh Bachchan as Inspector Amit Singh
Vinod Khanna as Kishan Singh
Neetu Singh as Neetu Singh
Shabana Azmi as Shabbo Singh
Kader Khan as Supremo
Amjad Khan as Mangal Singh
Dev Kumar as Dev Singh, Mangal Singh's brother
Indrani Mukherjee as Asha Singh (Shamsher's wife)
Heena Kauser as Mangal Singh's wife
Chand Usmani as Radha (Neetu and Shabbo's mother)
Ram Sethi as Neetu and Shabbo's father
Tom Alter as Jackson, Supremo's second-in-command
Yusuf Khan as Mangal's Henchmen
Viju Khote as Smuggler, partner of Mangal Singh and Supremo
Moolchand as Smuggler, partner of Mangal Singh and Supremo
Ramayan Tiwari as Smuggler, partner of Mangal Singh and Supremo
Crew
Art Direction: Babu Rao T. Poddar
Costume Design: Shalini Shah, Ram Singh
Assistant director: Denny Desai, Ketan Desai
Choreographer: Kamal Kumar
Music
The film had music by Laxmikant Pyarelal and lyrics by Majrooh Sultanpuri.
References
External links
1977 films
1977 crime drama films
Indian crime drama films
Films set in Mumbai
1970s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Manmohan Desai
Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal |
Iván Rodríguez (born 1971) is a Puerto Rican baseball player
Iván Rodríguez may also refer to:
Iván Rodríguez (sprinter) (born 1937), Puerto Rican sprinter
Iván Rodríguez Traverzo (born 1975), Puerto Rican politician
Iván Rodríguez Mesa (born 1977), Panamanian swimmer
Iván Rodríguez (footballer) (born 1996), Spanish footballer
See also
Eduardo Iván Rodríguez, Spanish hurdler |
Bertha of Vohburg (13th-century), was an Austrian noblewoman and ruling vassal.
She was a de jure lady of Greiz, Hof, Regnitztal, Ronnenburg and Plauen (Austria) in her own right in 1200-1209.
Her father was Margrave of Vohburg. Her mother is not known to us today. Bertha was likely the eldest daughter or the only child of her parents.
She married Henry II "der Reiche" of Reuss, Weida and Gera and they had two sons, Henry III and Henry IV.
Notes
13th-century women rulers
13th-century Austrian women |
```xml
/*
* MTSwapChain.mm
*
*/
#include "MTSwapChain.h"
#include "MTTypes.h"
#include "RenderState/MTRenderPass.h"
#include "../TextureUtils.h"
#include "../../Core/Assertion.h"
#include <LLGL/Platform/NativeHandle.h>
#include <LLGL/TypeInfo.h>
#ifdef LLGL_OS_IOS
@implementation MTSwapChainViewDelegate
{
LLGL::Canvas* canvas_;
}
-(nonnull instancetype)initWithCanvas:(LLGL::Canvas&)canvas;
{
self = [super init];
if (self)
canvas_ = &canvas;
return self;
}
- (void)drawInMTKView:(nonnull MTKView *)view
{
if (canvas_)
canvas_->PostDraw();
}
- (void)mtkView:(nonnull MTKView *)view drawableSizeWillChange:(CGSize)size
{
// dummy
}
@end
#endif // /LLGL_OS_IOS
namespace LLGL
{
MTSwapChain::MTSwapChain(
id<MTLDevice> device,
const SwapChainDescriptor& desc,
const std::shared_ptr<Surface>& surface,
const RendererInfo& rendererInfo)
:
SwapChain { desc },
renderPass_ { device, desc }
{
/* Initialize surface for MetalKit view */
SetOrCreateSurface(surface, SwapChain::BuildDefaultSurfaceTitle(rendererInfo), desc.resolution, desc.fullscreen);
/* Allocate and initialize MetalKit view */
view_ = AllocMTKViewAndInitWithSurface(device, GetSurface());
/* Initialize color and depth buffer */
view_.framebufferOnly = NO; //TODO: make this optional with create/bind flag
view_.colorPixelFormat = renderPass_.GetColorAttachments()[0].pixelFormat;
view_.depthStencilPixelFormat = renderPass_.GetDepthStencilFormat();
view_.sampleCount = renderPass_.GetSampleCount();
/* Show default surface */
if (!surface)
ShowSurface();
}
bool MTSwapChain::IsPresentable() const
{
return true; //TODO
}
void MTSwapChain::Present()
{
/* Present backbuffer */
[view_ draw];
/* Release mutable render pass as the view's render pass changes between backbuffers */
if (nativeMutableRenderPass_ != nil)
{
[nativeMutableRenderPass_ release];
nativeMutableRenderPass_ = nil;
}
}
std::uint32_t MTSwapChain::GetCurrentSwapIndex() const
{
return 0; // dummy
}
std::uint32_t MTSwapChain::GetNumSwapBuffers() const
{
return 1; // dummy
}
std::uint32_t MTSwapChain::GetSamples() const
{
return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(renderPass_.GetSampleCount());
}
Format MTSwapChain::GetColorFormat() const
{
return MTTypes::ToFormat(view_.colorPixelFormat);
}
Format MTSwapChain::GetDepthStencilFormat() const
{
return MTTypes::ToFormat(view_.depthStencilPixelFormat);
}
const RenderPass* MTSwapChain::GetRenderPass() const
{
return (&renderPass_);
}
static NSInteger GetPrimaryDisplayRefreshRate()
{
constexpr NSInteger defaultRefreshRate = 60;
if (const Display* display = Display::GetPrimary())
return static_cast<NSInteger>(display->GetDisplayMode().refreshRate);
else
return defaultRefreshRate;
}
bool MTSwapChain::SetVsyncInterval(std::uint32_t vsyncInterval)
{
if (vsyncInterval > 0)
{
#ifdef LLGL_OS_MACOS
/* Enable display sync in CAMetalLayer */
[(CAMetalLayer*)[view_ layer] setDisplaySyncEnabled:YES];
#endif
/* Apply v-sync interval to display refresh rate */
view_.preferredFramesPerSecond = GetPrimaryDisplayRefreshRate() / static_cast<NSInteger>(vsyncInterval);
}
else
{
#ifdef LLGL_OS_MACOS
/* Disable display sync in CAMetalLayer */
[(CAMetalLayer*)[view_ layer] setDisplaySyncEnabled:NO];
#else
/* Set preferred frame rate to default value */
view_.preferredFramesPerSecond = GetPrimaryDisplayRefreshRate();
#endif
}
return true;
}
MTLRenderPassDescriptor* MTSwapChain::GetAndUpdateNativeRenderPass(
const MTRenderPass& renderPass,
std::uint32_t numClearValues,
const ClearValue* clearValues)
{
/* Create copy of native render pass descriptor for the first time */
if (nativeMutableRenderPass_ == nil)
nativeMutableRenderPass_ = [GetNativeRenderPass() copy];
/* Update mutable render pass with clear values */
if (renderPass.GetColorAttachments().size() == 1)
renderPass.UpdateNativeRenderPass(nativeMutableRenderPass_, numClearValues, clearValues);
return nativeMutableRenderPass_;
}
/*
* ======= Private: =======
*/
#ifndef LLGL_OS_IOS
static NSView* GetContentViewFromNativeHandle(const NativeHandle& nativeHandle)
{
if ([nativeHandle.responder isKindOfClass:[NSWindow class]])
{
/* Interpret responder as NSWindow */
return [(NSWindow*)nativeHandle.responder contentView];
}
if ([nativeHandle.responder isKindOfClass:[NSView class]])
{
/* Interpret responder as NSView */
return (NSView*)nativeHandle.responder;
}
LLGL_TRAP("NativeHandle::responder is neither of type NSWindow nor NSView for MTKView");
}
#endif
MTKView* MTSwapChain::AllocMTKViewAndInitWithSurface(id<MTLDevice> device, Surface& surface)
{
MTKView* mtkView = nullptr;
NativeHandle nativeHandle = {};
GetSurface().GetNativeHandle(&nativeHandle, sizeof(nativeHandle));
/* Create MetalKit view */
#ifdef LLGL_OS_IOS
LLGL_ASSERT_PTR(nativeHandle.view);
UIView* contentView = nativeHandle.view;
/* Allocate MetalKit view */
mtkView = [[MTKView alloc] initWithFrame:contentView.frame device:device];
/* Allocate view delegate to handle re-draw events */
viewDelegate_ = [[MTSwapChainViewDelegate alloc] initWithCanvas:CastTo<Canvas>(GetSurface())];
[viewDelegate_ mtkView:mtkView drawableSizeWillChange:mtkView.bounds.size];
[mtkView setDelegate:viewDelegate_];
#else // LLGL_OS_IOS
NSView* contentView = GetContentViewFromNativeHandle(nativeHandle);
/* Allocate MetalKit view */
CGRect contentViewRect = [contentView frame];
CGRect relativeViewRect = CGRectMake(0.0f, 0.0f, contentViewRect.size.width, contentViewRect.size.height);
mtkView = [[MTKView alloc] initWithFrame:relativeViewRect device:device];
#endif // /LLGL_OS_IOS
/* Add MTKView as subview and register rotate/resize layout constraints */
mtkView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
NSDictionary* viewsDictionary = @{@"mtkView":mtkView};
[contentView addSubview:mtkView];
[contentView addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"|[mtkView]|" options:0 metrics:nil views:viewsDictionary]];
[contentView addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|[mtkView]|" options:0 metrics:nil views:viewsDictionary]];
return mtkView;
}
bool MTSwapChain::ResizeBuffersPrimary(const Extent2D& /*resolution*/)
{
/* Invoke a redraw to force an update on the resized multisampled framebuffer */
[view_ draw];
return true;
}
} // /namespace LLGL
// ================================================================================
``` |
Mordant red 19 is an organic compound with the chemical formula C16H13ClN4O5S. It is classified as an azo dye.
It is a mordant used in textile dyeing, usually in combination with chromium. It is usually found as the sodium salt.
See also
Alizarin
List of colors
References
External links
Google images of Mordant Red 19
Shades of red
Azo dyes
Pyrazolones
Sulfonic acids
Chloroarenes
Phenols |
Xyletobius aurifer is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae.
References
Further reading
Ptinidae
Beetles described in 1910 |
Hermogenes Ilagan (19 April 1873 in Bigaa, Bulacan – 27 February 1943) was a Filipino tenor, writer, stage actor, and playwright. He was a descendant of Francisco Baltazar. His talent in singing made him popular in the field of theater arts. He became known as the Father of Tagalog Zarzuela and the Father of Philippine Zarzuela.
Career
Ilagan was a tiple (treble or soprano) and lead singer for a church in Bigaa, Bulacan. Because of Ilagan's talent, a parish priest in Bigaa, Bulacan brought Ilagan and his family to Manila. He became the singer for the Santa Cruz Church. In return, Ilagan was able to study at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now known as Ateneo de Manila University). Although not able to finish schooling, Ilagan became a member of a zarzuela troupe (theater performers) from Spain. During the Spanish–American War, the Spanish performers went back to Spain, but Ilagan maintained his liking for the zarzuela, and later pioneered productions of stage drama in the form of Philippine zarzuelas. His forty years of involvement in the field of zarzuela created the period known as the Golden Age of Philippine Theater. In 1902, Ilagan established the Compania Lirico-Dramatica Tagala de Gatchalian y Ilagan, also known as Compania Ilagan, the first zarzuela troupe in the Philippines. Ilagan's zarzuelas have melodramatic, comic, romantic, and political qualities.
Works
Among the zarzuelas that Ilagan wrote and produced were:
Ang Buhay nga Naman (That's How Life Is)
Ang Buwan ng Oktubre (The Month of October)
Bill de Divorcio (Divorce Bill)
Dahil kay Ina (Because of Mother)
Dalagang Bukid (Country Maiden)
Dalawang Hangal (Two Fools)
Después de Dios, el Dinero (After God, the Money)
Ilaw ng Katotohanan (Light of Truth)
Kagalingan ng Bayan (Country's Benefit)
Venus (Ang Operang Putol) (Venus, The Incomplete Opera)
Wagas na Pag-ibig (True Love)
Sangla ni Rita, isang Uno't Cero (Rita's Pawnage, a One and [a] Zero)
Centro Pericultura (Periculture Center)
Panarak ni Rosa (alternatively known as Punyal ni Rosa) (Rosa's Dagger)
Lucha Electoral (Electoral Fight)
References
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Filipino writers
Filipino dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Bulacan
Singers from Bulacan
Male actors from Bulacan
Filipino male stage actors
Filipino singer-songwriters
Tenors
1873 births
1943 deaths
Theatre managers and producers
Filipino theatre directors
Tagalog-language writers
Tagalog-language singers
Spanish-language writers of the Philippines
Spanish-language singers |
Duckhole is a hamlet in South Gloucestershire in the west of England. Historically it was located in the hundred of Lower Thornbury in the county of Gloucestershire and the name dates back at least as far as 1658, when it appeared in a parliamentary survey.
At the time of the 2011 United Kingdom census Duckhole consisted of just thirteen households with a total population of thirty-five. The hamlet lies in a rural setting a short distance to the west of Lower Morton, near the town of Thornbury and consists mainly of farmland and also a small number of cottages.
References
External links
Villages in South Gloucestershire District |
A Matter of Honour is a novel by Jeffrey Archer, first published in 1986.
Synopsis
In 1966 disgraced British colonel Gerald Scott bequeaths a mysterious letter to his only son, Adam Scott.
The "item in question" that Adam's father's letter leads him to acquire from a safe deposit box in Switzerland is a precious Russian Orthodox icon made long ago for the Russian tsars which by misadventure came into the possession of Hermann Göring sometime in the 1930s. Following the Second World War Göring wanted Scott's father (one of his jailers at Nuremberg) to have it in token of his kind treatment and because Göring realized Scott's father would be unfairly blamed for his pre-execution suicide.
But the icon contains something that even Göring did not dream of: the only official Russian copy of a secret codice to the Alaska Purchase treaty by which the United States purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. "Seward's Folly" turns out to have not been a true purchase at all, but a 99-year lease akin to the British hold on Hong Kong, with a right of return to Russia (now part of the Soviet Union) if they can only retrieve their copy before the lease deadline, only days away.
Plot
In June 1966 disgraced British colonel Gerald Scott leaves a mysterious letter to his only son, Adam Scott. Adam's mother tells him that she had already asked his father to destroy the letter.
Later, Adam opens the letter to discover that his father was one of Hermann Göring's jailers at Nuremberg following the end of World War Two. The evening before his execution, Göring requested a meeting with Scott in order to give him an envelope containing the location of the tsar's icon of Saint George & the Dragon in a deposit box in a vault of the Swiss bank Bischoff et Cie. Afterwards, Göring commits suicide via poisoned cigar and the suspicion falling on Scott for his interaction with Göring leads Scott to resign from the military. The colonel then leaves the issue of the letter to his son to deal with.
Adam decides to visit Switzerland to retrieve the icon and has it valued to potentially sell it. However, he is ambushed by KGB agent Major Alexander Romanov, who murders his German girlfriend Heidi and tracks Scott through the country. Romanov has been sent to get the icon by any means necessary. The Swiss police suspect Scott of murdering his girlfriend, causing him to become a fugitive as he attempts to escape the country.
Scott hitchhikes with a musician on tour, Robin Beresford of the Royal Philharmonic Society whose bus eventually deposits him at a village near Frankfurt in Germany. Climbing his way to the highway, Scott is shot at by Romanov and slightly injured. He finds an English family to travel with who take him back over the Swiss border and then to Dijon in France. At Dijon, Scott accidentally drops the icon, splitting it open to reveal the Russian copy of the Alaska Purchase, signed by the tsar himself and dated for 20 June 1966. After this discovery, Scott becomes more determined to get to England. A call with London means that a plane will land at a disused aerodrome near the city to fetch him. The previous English family take him to the airfield where a plane with six SAS soldiers lands. The soldiers disembark and Scott boards, with Romanov and his aide attacking just as the plane lifts off. Damage to the fuel tank causes the plane to crash land soon after take off, with Scott and the injured pilot going their separate ways. Romanov tricks the SAS soldiers and American reinforcements into shooting at each other. However, his aide, Valchek, is wounded in the battle and eventually put out of his misery by Romanov.
Meanwhile, President Johnson learns of the Russian ambassador's deposition of 712 million dollars worth of gold bullion in a New York bank and request for a meeting with the Secretary of State on 20 June, in preparation for returning Alaska to the Soviet Union.
Adam makes his way to Paris and is arrested by the French police there, although he assumes that he will be taken to the British embassy and debriefed there. Colonel Pollard arrives to fetch Scott from the police station yet turns out to be an imposter who defected to the Soviets and Scott is knocked out. He awakens in a soundproofed room in the Russian Embassy and finds Romanov, Pollard and their colleague Stavinsky. Scott is tortured to the point of death yet refuses to give up the icon's location, even when offered papers that exonerate his father from assisting Göring to his death. He escapes from the embassy by knocking out Pollard and climbing over the wall at night. After retrieving the icon from the Louvre, he hires a car to travel to the French coast to cross to England. The date is 19 June.
Adam makes a feint towards Boulogne to throw off Romanov and instead heads towards Dunkerque, where he meets with the musician from before, Robin. She helps him to travel across the Channel to England and accompanies him after the crossing. However, Romanov learns of the deception and follows them with Pollard in tow. Scott goes to Robin's home in Waterloo East in London in order to capture Pollard, whom Romanov has sent to ambush Robin when she gets home. After learning of Romanov's whereabouts from Pollard, Scott calls Romanov at the Soviet Embassy and negotiates with him; if Romanov exchanges an inferior copy of the icon, painted in the early 20th century and which the Soviets have been guarding for 50 years, and the papers proving Colonel Scott's innocence, Adam will return the real icon and the Alaska Purchase copy to him. Romanov agrees and the transaction takes place at Tower Bridge. However, Scott had, prior to the swap, performed a switch of the icons that results in Romanov, unknowingly giving the real icon back to Scott (with the Purchase inside) and Scott giving the copy back. Romanov, convinced he has the true icon, triumphantly heads to the Soviet Ambassador's office to report his success while Scott travels to Heathrow Airport to watch Romanov take off for Moscow. Romanov is assassinated on board by a British agent and Scott is stunned to learn that the agent is a friend who works at the bank.
One month later, Scott and Robin are having the icon auctioned. The Soviets do not have the real icon and were unable to claim Alaska without their copy of the Alaska Purchase. The US therefore retained the state. Scott and Robin receive fourteen thousand pounds for the icon.
Characters
•Captain Adam Scott, MC - Scott is a decorated officer of the Royal Wessex Regiment and known for his father, Colonel Gerald Scott and the stigma brought on him by his father's acts. Scott ends up in possession of the famous icon of Saint George & the Dragon, by Rublev, and is pursued by the KGB. He has a clear, calm demeanour and devises schemes to stay ahead of the Soviets.
•Major Alexander Petrovich Romanov - An agent of the KGB sent after Scott to obtain the icon and its contents. Fluent in English, German and French in addition to his native Russian, he has an immense passion for catching Scott after finding that his mission is to do so and has no qualms about murdering those who get in his way.
External links
Jeffrey Archer's official website
1986 British novels
Books about Alaska
Novels by Jeffrey Archer
British spy novels
British thriller novels
Hodder & Stoughton books |
Italy–South Korea relations are foreign relations between Italy and South Korea. Both countries established diplomatic relations on June 26, 1884.
Italy has an embassy in Seoul. South Korea has an embassy in Rome.
Trade
Trade is sizable between the two nations, according to 2006 figures:
From Korea to Italy: US$4,300,000,000 (Wireless Communication Devices, Automobile, Ships)
From Italy to Korea: US$2,900,000,000 (Clothes, Automobile Parts, Chemical Products)
See also
Foreign relations of Italy
Foreign relations of South Korea
References
External links
Italian embassy in Seoul
South Korean embassy in Rome
Bilateral relations of South Korea
South Korea |
Pierre Billard (3 July 1922 – 10 November 2016) was a French journalist, film critic and historian of cinema.
Career
Born in Dieppe (Seine-Maritime), Pierre Billard followed the courses of resistant Valentin Feldman during the Occupation of France. They would become close and the teaching of Feldman marked him permanently. He then went to study at the Sorbonne, before specializing in cinema.
President of the "Fédération française des ciné-clubs" from 1952, in 1954 he founded the magazine , of which he was chief editor from Cinéma 54 to Cinéma 67. After he worked as journalist and film critic for Les Nouvelles littéraires, Candide and L'Express, he was one of the cofounders of the weekly Le Point where he directed the cultural pages until 1987. In the early 1980s, he was also editor-in-chief of the professional weekly magazine Le Film français.
Pïerre Billard has taught the history of cinema at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and published several books including Louis Malle, le rebelle solitaire. He is the father of journalist and historian of cinema, Jean-Michel Frodon.
In 1995, he published the book L’Âge classique du cinéma français, in conjunction with that of his son Jean-Michel, L'Âge moderne du cinéma français. This book which deals with French cinema from 1928, that is the advent of sound film, until 1959, can be considered as a "reference tool" during this period. There he worked as a "historian", seeking to show with neutrality and without addressing the critical point of view, the influences of the economy, politics or culture on French cinema. Les Inrockuptibles consider "exciting" the part that touches the first talking films, noting that the author is more reserved about what concerns the French cinema of the 1950s. He particularly dealt with René Clair and Jean Renoir. He died on 10 November 2016 at the age of 94.
Publications
1958: Vamps, L'Art du Siècle
1966: Jean Grémillon, Anthologie du cinéma
1995: L'Âge classique du cinéma français, Flammarion ; René Clair Award
1997: D'or et de palmes, le Festival de Cannes, series "Découvertes Gallimard" vol. 314, Éditions Gallimard
1998: Le Mystère René Clair, Plon
1999: Astérix & Obélix contre César, l'histoire d'un film, Paris, Plon
2003: Louis Malle, le rebelle solitaire, Plon; Prix Goncourt de la Biographie
2006: André Gide et Marc Allégret, le roman secret, Plon
References
External links
Pierre Billard obituary on Le Point
1922 births
2016 deaths
20th-century French journalists
French film critics
Prix Goncourt de la Biographie winners
People from Dieppe, Seine-Maritime |
Take It Like a Man is an autobiography written by English singer and songwriter Boy George. The book was published in 1995 around the same time as George's solo album Cheapness and Beauty.
References
Autobiographies
LGBT autobiographies
1995 non-fiction books
Sidgwick & Jackson books
LGBT literature in the United Kingdom |
Jalia Bintu also known as Bintu Lukumu Ngonzi Abwooli Jalia (born 20 May 1967) is a female Ugandan politician and social worker/teacher affiliated to the National Resistance Movement political party. She is the district woman representative of Masindi district who has served in the eighth, ninth, and tenth Parliaments of Uganda.
Education background
She completed her Grade II Teaching Certificate in 1985 from National Institute of Education, Makerere University and later enrolled for Grade III Teaching Certificate at Institute of Teacher Education Kyambogo and completed in 1989. She joined the Institute of Teacher Education Kyambogo in 1993 to pursue a diploma in education. In 1999, she completed her bachelor's degree in arts from Makerere University and returned for her Master of Arts in peace and conflict studies in 2005 from the same university.
Early life
From 1986 to 1988, she served as a teacher at Army Barracks Public School and later joined Kamurasi Teachers College between 1993 and 1994 as a tutor. She was the vice chairperson of Uganda Women Parliamentary Association (2004-2006). She worked at the Parliament of Uganda as the vice chairperson, Committee on Commissions, Statutory Authorities and State Enterprises (COSASE) in (2001-2004) and the chairperson, Committee on Equal Opportunities (2006-2008). In 2008, she was the observer at Juba peace talks. Jalia served on several roles as the member at National Consultative Committee Fast-Tracking East African Federation (2007), commissioner at Parliamentary Commission (2011-2013), and as the chairperson, Parliamentarians SACCO at the Parliament of Uganda (2015 to date).
Political career
From 2001 to date, she has been a member of Parliament at the Parliament of Uganda. While at the Parliament of Uganda, Jalia has served on additional role as the member on Public Accounts Committee and Committee on Agriculture.
She was named among the MPs under the NRM who have been in Parliament for two or more terms but have failed to get the party flag and lost the 2021-2026 elections. She was undecided during the voting of Constitutional Amendment Bill, which contains a clause for the removal of the age limit. Bintu said she would first consult her people before she could take a position on the matter.
Personal life
She is married. Her hobbies are reading books, playing netball, athletics, singing and dancing. She has special interests in helping the needy, planting trees and promotion of girl child education.
See also
List of members of the tenth Parliament of Uganda
List of members of the eleventh Parliament of Uganda
List of members of the ninth Parliament of Uganda
List of members of the eighth Parliament of Uganda
National Resistance Movement
Parliament of Uganda
External links
Website of the Parliament of Uganda
Jalia Bintu on Facebook
iKNOW Politics Interview of Bintu Jalia Lukumu N Abwooli
References
Living people
1967 births
National Resistance Movement politicians
Members of the Parliament of Uganda
Women members of the Parliament of Uganda
Uganda Management Institute alumni
Makerere University alumni
21st-century Ugandan politicians
21st-century Ugandan women politicians |
Kandal (, also Romanized as Kandāl) is a village in Bemani Rural District, Byaban District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 825, in 125 families.
References
Populated places in Minab County |
Jeffrey M. Carp (July 6, 1948 – January 1, 1973) was an American blues harmonica player. He was best known for his work with Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, and Howlin' Wolf. He played harmonica on numerous charting blues albums. He was also for a period of time, a side man in Earl Hooker's band.
Background
Among the artists recorded with were Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf. He played on albums If You Miss 'Im ... I Got 'Im by John Lee Hooker and The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions by Howlin' Wolf. A prodigy, he was said to have played beyond his years.
He was a student at the University of Chicago and played with many blues bands in the area, being exposed to the music of Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf and Earl Hooker.
As a teenager, Carp had his own band, The Jeff Carp Blues Band, a group that included violinist Joel Smirnoff.
He also recorded with Muddy Waters, Earl Hooker, John Lee Hooker, The Soulful Strings, Patti Drew, and Marlena Shaw.
He appeared on the 1969 Muddy Waters album, Fathers and Sons.
Career
He joined Sam Lay's band with guitarist Paul Asbell and the group recorded three songs for the LP Goin' To Chicago, released in 1966 on Testament Records.
In April, 1969, he was at the recording session for Fathers and Sons by Muddy Waters. Other musicians present were Paul Butterfield, Mike Bloomfield, Paul Asbell, Otis Spann and Donald "Duck" Dunn. In May, 1969, he played on the Lightnin' album by Lightnin' Hopkins which was produced by Chris Strachwitz. Also that month, he played on Earl Hooker's Funk album. Carp also contributed vocals to the album. Carp had actually been sitting in with Hooker for while from late 1968 to early 1969. After some of Hooker's side men left, Carp and guitarist Paul Asbell were brought in as band members. Carp filled in the missing ingredient for the group that had come about due to Carey Bell's departure.
In May 1970, along with Howlin' Wolf, Hubert Sumlin and Chess Records producer Norman Dayron, Carp travelled to London for a recording session. He was playing at London's Olympic Studio, in the recording session that took place between the 2nd and 7th of that month which would result in Howlin' Wolf's London Sessions.
Critics and producers described him in superlative terms. A reviewer of the reissued London Howlin' Wolf Sessions said "the late Jeffrey Carp provided fireballs of musical punctuation via his blistering shots on harmonica." Norman Dayron described him as "the most important talent I've worked with". Writing about a live concert by Earl Hooker in San Francisco in 1969, a reviewer said, "Mouth harpist Jeff Carp ... is magnificent - for my money better than Paul Butterfield (more musical, more inventive)". Rolling Stone wrote of Fathers and Sons "talking about harmonica playing, there’s superlative chromatic work by Jeff Carp ... he does a hell of a job".
Carp is also credited as the composer of "Bring Me Home", sung by Tracy Nelson as the title track of the 1971 Mother Earth, Bring Me Home album, on Reprise Records.
Death
Carp died by accidental drowning on January 1, 1973, while on vacation in the Caribbean with his girlfriend Scarlet Grey after jumping from a boat. He was 24.
Discography
(as a sideman)
1966 - Goin' To Chicago (Sam Lay Blues Band)
1969 - Fathers and Sons (Muddy Waters)
1969 - String Fever (The Soulful Strings)
1969 - If You Miss 'Im...I Got 'Im (John Lee Hooker featuring Earl Hooker)
1969 - Don't Have to Worry (Earl Hooker)
1969 - Funk (Earl Hooker)
1969 - Wild Is Love (Patti Drew)
1969 - The Spice Of Life (Marlena Shaw)
1970 - Tulane (Chuck Berry)
1971 - The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions (Howling Wolf)
References
Further reading
Article mentioning Carp's mysterious death
Review of If You Miss 'Im... I Got 'Im with reminiscences from Carp's music teacher and fellow students
1948 births
1973 deaths
American blues harmonica players
Deaths by drowning |
"It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry" is a song written by Bob Dylan, that was originally released on his album Highway 61 Revisited. It was recorded on July 29, 1965. The song was also included on an early, European Dylan compilation album entitled Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits 2.
An earlier, alternate version of the song has been released, in different takes, beginning with the appearance of one take on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991 in 1991.
Music and lyrics
The version of the song on Highway 61 Revisited is an acoustic/electric blues song, one of three blues songs on the album (the others being "From a Buick 6" and "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues"). It is made up of lines taken from older blues songs combined with Dylan's own lyrics. Rather than the aggression of some of the other songs Dylan wrote during this time, "It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry" reflects world-weary resignation. The imagery is sexual, and the song can be interpreted as an allegory of someone who is sexually frustrated. Dylan would return to similar images and suggestions in later songs, such as "I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine" and "Senor (Tales of Yankee Power)".
This version was recorded on July 29, 1965, the same day that Dylan also recorded "Positively 4th Street" and "Tombstone Blues". Musically, the song has a lazy tempo driven by lazy-slap drumming with a shuffling beat and slight emphasis on the offbeat from session drummer Bobby Gregg. There is also a barrelhouse piano part played by Paul Griffin, a raunchy bass part played by Harvey Brooks, an electric guitar part played by Mike Bloomfield and an unusual harmonica part.
An earlier version of the song went by the title "Phantom Engineer". This version has a more upbeat tempo and four lines of different lyrics. It was recorded on June 15, 1965, the same day that recording of "Like a Rolling Stone" began. Different takes of the June 15 version may be heard on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961–1991, The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home, and the 2-disc version of The Bootleg Series Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965–1966. Take 1 of the song, released on The Bootleg Series Vol. 12 and on Dylan's Vevo channel, is played in a more moderately paced, brooding arrangement, before Dylan and the musicians settled on a more upbeat version. On The Bootleg Series Vol. 7 and The Bootleg Series Vol. 12, the version is a speedy bouncing blues with a signature guitar riff being played on each bar and a fast clicking organ. (The 6-disc and 18-disc editions of The Bootleg Series Vol. 12 include outtakes from both the June 15 and July 29 sessions.)
Live performances
The song's live debut came as part of Dylan's controversial electric set, backed by members of The Paul Butterfield Blues Band and Al Kooper, at the Newport Folk Festival on July 25, 1965, after "Maggie's Farm". After being heckled during the electric set, and especially during "It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry", by fans who wanted Dylan to play acoustic folk music, Dylan returned to play acoustic versions of "Mr. Tambourine Man" and "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue". The Newport performance of "It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry" features jamming by guitarist Bloomfield and organist Al Kooper. Kooper preferred the alternate version to the version that ended up on Highway 61 Revisited. The Newport performance was released in 2018 on Live 1962-1966: Rare Performances From The Copyright Collections.
Dylan played it live as part of his set in the August 1971 Concert for Bangladesh. This version was included in the concert film and Grammy Award-winning album of the same title.
A November 1975 performance of the song from Dylan's Rolling Thunder Revue tour was released on the 2002 album The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue. In 2019, that performance and three other live renditions of the song from the same tour were released on the box set The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings.
Dylan performed a jazz arrangement of the song backed by the Wynton Marsalis Septet at a concert in Lincoln Center in 2004. This acclaimed version eventually received an official release on the United We Swing compilation album in 2018.
According to his website, Dylan has played the song in concert over 200 times between 1965 and 2021.
Legacy
Steely Dan borrowed a line from the song as the title of their debut album Can't Buy a Thrill (1972).
In a 2005 poll of artists reported in Mojo, "It Takes a Lot to Laugh, It Takes a Train to Cry" was listed at number 87 of the all time Bob Dylan songs.
Notable covers
Steve Stills on Super Session in 1968
Leon Russell on Leon Russell and the Shelter People in 1971
Marianne Faithfull on Rich Kid Blues in 1985
Taj Mahal on Tangled Up in Blues in 1999
Paul Westerberg on Highway 61 Revisited Revisited in 2005
Robyn Hitchcock on This Is the BBC in 2006
Lucinda Williams on Bob's Back Pages - A Night of Bob Dylan Songs in 2020
References
External links
Lyrics
Bob Dylan songs
Songs written by Bob Dylan
1965 songs
Song recordings produced by Bob Johnston |
Enes setiger is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1925.
References
Acanthocinini
Beetles described in 1925 |
"Bottle Up and Go" or "Bottle It Up and Go" is a song that is a standard of the blues. Based on earlier songs, Delta bluesman Tommy McClennan recorded "Bottle It Up and Go" in 1939. The song has been interpreted and recorded by numerous artists, sometimes using alternate titles, such as "Step It Up and Go", "Shake It Up and Go", etc.
Memphis Jug Band and Sonny Boy Williamson versions
In 1932, the earliest version of "Bottle It Up and Go", a hokum blues with jug band accompaniment, was recorded by the Memphis Jug Band, a loose musical collective led by Will Shade and Charlie Burse. Although it has been said to be based on a "traditional piece known in the South", it was very much a modern concoction, for the lyrics refer directly to women driving automobiles, a theme that was continued in later versions by almost all other artists. A second version of the song was recorded and released by the Memphis Jug Band in 1934.
In 1937, John Lee "Sonny Boy" Williamson recorded the song as "Got the Bottle Up and Go" (or "Got Bottle Up & Gone"). It was performed as an early Chicago blues with Williamson on vocal and harmonica, accompanied by Big Joe Williams and Robert Lee McCoy (later known as Robert Nighthawk) on guitars.
These early versions of "Bottle Up and Go" include the refrain "High-powered mama, daddy's (or papa's) got your water on", a line that had first appeared in 1930 as the title of the unrelated Memphis Jug Band song "Papa's Got Your Bath Water On", written and sung by Hattie Hart.
Tommy McClennan song
In 1939, Tommy McClennan recorded "Bottle It Up and Go" during his first recording session for Bluebird Records. His song includes "a catchy guitar lick, a stomping danceable groove and a neat structure which divided the twelve-bar [blues] stanza into verse and chorus: socking
home a different coupler each time". It is a solo piece with McClennan on vocal and guitar and borrows lyrics from earlier songs. McClennan used verses similar to those found in "Hesitation Blues": "Now nickel is a nickel, a dime is a dime" and "The Duck's Yas-Yas-Yas": "Now my mama killed a chicken, she thought it was a duck, she put 'im on the table with 'is legs sticking up". He also used verses similar to those in Julius Daniels' 1927 song "Can't Put the Bridle On That Mule This Morning": "Now the nigger and the white man playin' seven-up, nigger beat the white man [but he's] scared to pick it [the winnings] up". These verses have been traced back to 19th-century work songs, which were noted in an 1870s newspaper article.
McClennan, who had recently arrived in Chicago from the Delta, was cautioned by Big Bill Broonzy about using racially loaded lyrics in northern cities. According to Broonzy, McClennan stubbornly refused to compromise, resulting in a hasty exit out a window during one performance with McClennan's smashed guitar around his neck. "McClennan, for his part, reflected pensively that they had indeed been forced to 'bottle it up and go'". Bluebird released the song as the B-side of "Whiskey Headed Woman" in 1939. When McClennan re-recorded the song as "Shake It Up and Go" in 1942, he used different lyrics.
John Lee Hooker versions
John Lee Hooker performed several adaptations of "Bottle Up and Go" throughout his career and recorded several versions of the song, usually varying the lyrics. Biographer Charles Shaar Murray identified the song as "one of the templates on which a significant slice of Hooker's early repertoire is based". Hooker first recorded a solo performance as "Bundle Up and Go" in 1959 for The Country Blues of John Lee Hooker album. Around the same time, he recorded another version as "You Gotta Shake It Up and Go", which had a group arrangement. Hooker's later versions are usually titled "Bottle Up and Go" and are included on the albums John Lee Hooker on Campus (1963), It Serve You Right to Suffer (1966), Hooker 'n Heat (with Canned Heat, 1971), and Boom Boom (1992).
Other renditions
Most versions of "Bottle Up and Go" recorded after Tommy McClennan's single use a combination of his verses and new lyrics. Recordings in the 1940s (often with a variation on the title) include those by Blind Boy Fuller (as "Step It Up and Go") (1940), and Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee (1942). Murray suggests that Chuck Berry's "Too Much Monkey Business" (1956) is adapted from McClennan's song.
In 1952, B.B. King recorded a version with Ike Turner on piano that was released on RPM Records as "Shake It Up and Go". However, "King confuses himself by saying 'bottle up and go' half the time", according to music writer Colin Escott. King later re-recorded it for the Blues on the Bayou album (1998). Bob Dylan recorded the tune as "Step It Up and Go" for his 1992 album Good as I Been to You. His interpretation has been described as being similar to Blind Boy Fuller's version, although writer Brian Hinton believes "he probably knew it via the Everly Brothers". The Everly Brothers recorded an uptempo version of the song, which is the opening track on their 1962 album Instant Party!.
References
1932 songs
Blues songs
Sonny Boy Williamson I songs
1952 singles
1959 singles
John Lee Hooker songs
B. B. King songs
Bluebird Records singles
RPM Records (United States) singles
Songwriter unknown |
Soham Wet Horse Fen is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest east of Soham in Cambridgeshire. A field in the north-west corner is managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire as Soham Meadow.
This site is neutral grassland with diverse fauna and flora, including uncommon ones. Wetter areas have herbs such as green-winged orchids and adder’s tongue fern, and there are cowslips and stemless thistles in drier parts. snipe breed in wet pastures.
There is access to Soham Meadow by a footpath from Soham.
References
Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire reserves
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cambridgeshire
Soham |
Friends of the Earth Europe (FoEE) is the European branch of the world's largest grassroots environmental network, Friends of the Earth International (FOEI). It includes 33 national organizations and thousands of local groups.
The Friends of the Earth Europe office in Brussels fulfills a number of functions. It represents the network's member groups towards the European institutions aiming to influence EU-policymaking; raises public awareness of environmental issues; runs capacity building projects for its membership, and is a secretariat for its 33 national members.
The FoEE office is located in a sustainable building housing Belgian and European NGOs near the European Parliament in Brussels.
FoEE Member organisations
Campaigns
The current campaign priorities of Friends of the Earth Europe are:
Climate justice and energy
Food, agriculture and biodiversity
Economic justice
Resource justice and sustainability
Climate justice and energy
Friends of the Earth Europe is "working to create the much-needed, fair and urgent transition to a fossil fuel free Europe. It wants to deliver a 100% renewable, no nuclear, super energy-efficient, zero-fossil-fuel Europe by 2030."
The organization calls for radical improvements in energy efficiency, an accelerated phase-out of fossil fuels, a dramatic shift towards community-owned renewable energies, and reduced overall resource consumption and lifestyle changes. This often means targeting extractive industries, especially those who are involved in fracking and tar sands extraction.
Food, agriculture and biodiversity
The organization has been a key participant in the European movement against GMOs which has been successful in stopping the planting of GM crops across most of Europe.
The organization advocates for more environmentally friendly, equitable and sustainable farming. This includes campaigning to reform the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in ways that can mitigate climate change emissions (especially through reducing reliance on soy imports for livestock), protect biodiversity, and stop the collapse of family farming in Europe's agriculture sector.
FoEE has also been active in its opposition to EU trade deals, such as the CETA agreement with Canada and TTIP with the US, because of a belief that those trade deals do not support human rights and the environment.
One of FoEE's campaigns aims to protect nature and biodiversity by supporting local groups in their preservation initiatives.
Economic Justice
Friends of the Earth Europe's economic justice program is occupied with the influence of companies over EU decision-making and the economic, social and environmental consequences of corporate practices. It works to expose cases of corporate capture of EU regulation and examples of the influence of corporate interests over EU policy process which often results in a lack of regulation or weak regulation.
The program looks into the issue of European companies which have subsidiaries outside of Europe. Such subsidiaries of multinational companies often fail to respect EU laws and workers’ rights when operating abroad, and victims too often do not have access to justice. It campaigns for guarantees that companies abide by the same safety and social standards for their workers and facilities outside of Europe as in Europe; and that European companies are held accountable for their practices outside of Europe, in particular in cases of abuses.
In the area of lobby transparency, FoEE looks at how companies exert their influence over and sometimes directly shape decision-making in the EU. It campaigns in favor of transparency in business influence and more balanced representation of stakeholders in EU policy making. FoEE has been active in exposing cases of revolving door scandals, misleading lobby registrations and deceptive lobby practices. It has been lobbying EU Commission and Parliament in favor of stricter EU legislation in order to close the current loopholes and prevent such scandals.
Resource justice and sustainability
FoEE recognizes and promotes the environmental, economic and social benefits of reducing Europe's resource consumption. They focus on reducing Europe's land, water, materials and carbon use – including the embedded resources Europe consumes beyond its borders.
The organization promotes the reuse and recycling of materials, opposes incineration, and is calling for the full implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and the EU 2030 Agenda.
School of Sustainability
FoEE's School of Sustainability project is inspired by the Latin American Escuela de la Sustentabilidad. Driven by popular education techniques, the project aims to strengthen the regional network of Friends of the Earth Europe, and create common political analyses for a system of change from environmental justice and human rights abuses to challenging power.
Coalitions
FoEE is an active member of many coalitions working on environmental issues in Europe including:
The Green 10, consisting of BirdLife International (European Community Office), Climate Action Network Europe (CAN Europe), CEE Bankwatch Network, European Environmental Bureau (EEB), European Federation for Transport and Environment (T&E), Health and Environment Alliance, Greenpeace Europe, International Friends of Nature (IFN), WWF European Policy Office and Friends of the Earth Europe.
The Alliance for Lobbying Transparency and Ethics Regulation (ALTER-EU): FoEE is one of the founding and current steering group members of the Alliance for Lobbying Transparency and Ethics Regulation (ALTER-EU), which was launched in Brussels in July 2005. ALTER-EU gathers 160 civil society groups that are concerned by the growing influence of the corporate sector on EU decision-making.
The European Coalition for Corporate Justice
Youth Network (Young Friends of the Earth Europe)
In 2007 a youth network called Young Friends of the Earth Europe (YFoEE), was established by national Young Friends of the Earth groups affiliated to FoE member groups. YFoEE is an autonomous and self organised youth-led network, with structures and ways of working set and led by young people, yet retains strong links to Friends of the Earth Europe and the Friends of the Earth International Federation and their mission, vision and values.
The YFoEE network unites youth organisations and youth groups working on social and environmental justice in Europe, and runs campaigning and educational activities for young people on a European level. It consists of youth member groups in 15 countries from both EU and Non EU countries, including Natur og Ungdom (Norway), BUNDjugend (Germany) or YFoE Ukraine.
The key campaigning topic of the network since 2007 has been advocating for climate justice, in particular opposing what it considers to be false solutions to climate change, such as nuclear energy, and educating young people to create a youth movement for climate justice. In 2010, YFoEE hosted a parallel convergence to the COP16 UN Climate Talks in Cancún, Mexico, in Brussels, Belgium as an alternative forum to the International political negotiations and to build the regional European Youth Climate Movement.
YFoEE has been active as part of the Youth Climate Movement and youth delegation at the UNFCCC international climate negotiations, and is one of the founding members of European Youth Climate Movement.
Ways of working
The YFoEE network is supported by a secretariat in the office of FoEE in Brussels, and coordinated by a Steering Group of 8 volunteers, elected from the YFoEE network annually at the Annual General Meeting.
Campaigns and events are led and developed by individual volunteers and representatives of member groups who make up working groups.
Revenue
Friends of the Earth Europe receives funding from a variety of government and non-government sources. These include the European Commission under the ‘LIFE+ regulation’, the European Climate Foundation, Oak Foundation, and Isvara Foundation, amongst others. It also gets membership fees from national Friends of the Earth groups.
References
Friends of the Earth
Anti-nuclear organizations
International climate change organizations
Environmental organisations based in Belgium |
Sułowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bisztynek, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
References
Villages in Bartoszyce County |
Pinchem is an unincorporated community in Clark County, Kentucky, United States.
References
Unincorporated communities in Clark County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky |
Forensic search is an emerging field of computer forensics. Forensic search focuses on user created data such as email files, cell phone records, office documents, PDFs and other files that are easily interpreted by a person.
Forensic search differs from computer forensic analysis in that it does not seek to review or analyze the lower level system files such as the registry, link files or disk level issues more commonly associated with traditional computer forensic analysis.
Purpose
Forensic search has emerged due to a number of factors including:
Improvements in technologies to enable lesser qualified users to undertake search and analysis of data that would have previously been undertaken only by a computer forensic expert. (This trend can be seen in many industries).
A need to reduce the high cost of undertaking a full computer forensic analysis of a user's computer, when in most cases the evidence found in the user created data is most useful and all that is required.
The rise of Cloud computing which has seen a move away from data storage on local computer hardware to data storage in any number of remote locations.
A lack of qualified computer forensic experts
The need to address the backlog of cases in most policing agencies where computer-based information requires review.
The need to involve other types of expertise for proper assessment of evidence, e.g. knowledge of accounting regulations, legal knowledge, etc.
Objectives
The objective of forensic search software is to allow a person with only a general knowledge of computers, but skilled in document review or investigation techniques, to undertake and search user created electronically stored information (ESI). Data that is typically considered to be user created ESI is made up of emails, documents, pictures and other file types created by a user, as opposed to data created by the computer's operating system (i.e. registry files, link files, unallocated space. These are controlled or created by the computer and not the user). The objective of reviewing the user created data is to find information that may be used to base decisions on as part of an investigation.
Forensic search software
Forensic search software differs from using the native applications (e.g. Outlook) or desktop search software (e.g. Google Desktop) to search the data in that no changes are made to the data during processing or searching that may impact the results or skew the findings. Forensic search software will also allow access to the base metadata of items not available via the native application. A good example of this would be the metadata in MS Word documents. A number of forensic search software products will be able to perform data recovery on a range of email file types.
Some examples of how using the native application or non-forensic application can affect the data:
Opening a Microsoft Word document in Microsoft Word may change the created, modified or last accessed dates in the document. This could lead to the incorrect dates being supplied in evidence.
Reviewing data in some native applications will trigger the systems antivirus software, again changing data or altering evidence.
Failure to freeze the evidence prior to opening the files, coupled with the fact that merely opening the files changes them, can and has invalidated critical evidence.
Forensic search software has become popular as a method of reducing the time and cost of search and analysis of larger data sets by focusing on the user data that most often yields evidence or results.
E-mail tends to be personal, plentiful and candid. For most adults, e-mail is their primary means of written communication and is often sought after for evidence. A new generation of tools is being developed in order to address the challenges being faced by digital forensic and ediscovery practitioners.
Other types of review
Forensic search software has been likened to eDiscovery review software, however this is not strictly the case. eDiscovery review software, while dealing with many of the same type of computer records and search options, offer extra functionality to that of forensic search software. Features such as redaction and legal hold are standard in eDiscovery review software. It is also the case that Forensic Search software does not meet with the higher end tasks outlined in the widely accepted electronic discovery reference model (EDRM). Tasks such as identification, collection, reservation or presentation are generally not covered by forensic search software.
However, true eDiscovery review is generally the domain of qualified legal practitioners or companies.
The use of the term eDiscovery has become a catchall in some circles for the processing and searching of electronically stored information (ESI). However, this is not a true representation of the term of eDiscovery. For a more detailed understanding of eDiscovery, the Electronic Discovery Reference Model (EDRM) is a good guideline.
It could be said that forensic search is more closely related to early case assessment (ECA) than eDiscovery as ECA does not require the rigor of a full eDiscovery review.
Evidence value of user created data versus other types of data
When presenting data as part of a report that may be used to form a decision or as evidence, it is important that the data be correctly represented so the reader can understand it. In the case of generating reports on system created data such as registry files, link files and other system created data this can be a costly exercise. It can also be the case that there is no straightforward answer or explanation.
An example of this would be attempting to explain to a lay person the method and techniques of decoding the UserAssist Key in the Windows system registry. The UserAssist key can hold a great deal of information about the actions of the user of the computer. However to explain this key, the reviewer has to be able to identify the key and correctly interpret the key setting. The keys are often encoded by ROT 13.
Once these keys are decoded to human readable formats, the reviewer then has to show how a setting relates to the case. It is often time-consuming to review hundreds, even thousands, of settings that at times only deliver very circumstantial and sometimes contentious findings. When reviewing user created data such as e-mail or contracts, reporting and understanding the findings is often much more straight forward. The semi skilled user will usually have a good grasp of how email works as they use it in their day-to-day work. A person trained in law will understand a contract and does not need specialist forensic knowledge to do so. This can lead to much lower costs of review and less contentious or circumstantial findings.
High-level functionality of forensic search software
The features of forensic search software are focused on allowing the user to search and view a range of data and users’ files at one time.
Specific features of forensic search software include:
The ability to process varying types of data enabling it to be searched by the reviewer with little or no computer forensic knowledge
Keyword searching across all data and data types processed
The ability to create complex searches such as including or excluding data
Using MD5 and other algorithms to search and identify files and data
The ability to filter based on metadata such as dates, email addresses and file types
The ability to review different data typed in the same search results
The ability to view all results in the same user interface
The ability to export items to various formats i.e. email, Word, HTML
The ability to create shareable reports
Changes in computer forensics
There are many newer and emerging fields of computer forensics such as Cloud forensics, mobile phone forensics, network forensics, memory analysis, browser forensics, forensic triage and internet forensics. In the not so distant past a computer forensic expert's most common role was to attend a person's house, place of work or data center to forensically "image" all computers or devices that may be involved in a case. This was categorized as the collection phase.
Once collection phase was complete these images were reviewed and the ESI that was relevant was supplied to the interested parties. This required the computer forensic investigator to have a good deal of experience and training in:
Identifying which computer, applications or devices may be involved
How to disassemble a computer and extract the hard drives of the computer without causing damage.
How to correctly take a forensic image to keep chain of custody
How to use the forensic analysis software to correctly interpret and supply the results
This process was time-consuming and costly. The computer forensic expert's primary role is to investigate the computer evidence (ESI). They may not have been as familiar with the entire case or objectives as that of the case agent, detective, forensic accountant or crime analyst. This often led to non-perfect or time-consuming identification of the correct evidence items between the differing parties. What would immediately flag the interest of a detective with a deep knowledge of the case and parties involved may go unnoticed by a computer forensic expert. An example would be an email from a suspect in another case to a suspect in this case, or contact / phone calls to a witness from a suspect.
To compound the issue, there has been a massive increase in the size of the data that the computer forensic expert needs to collect. It is now often the case that the computer hard drive is not able to be imaged, for example if the computer that contains the evidence is too big, or the system cannot be shut down to take an image as it is a mission critical server such as an email server or company file server. The rise of Cloud computing has also added challenges to the collection of evidence. The data that requires collection and review may reside in the Cloud. In this case there is no computer available to image. The forensic expert then needs to collect the information using forensic software designed to work with certain Cloud providers.
In short the collection of evidence has changed significantly in the past few years. Recognizing these challenges, the concept of Hybrid Forensics has been discussed and the creation of tools that adopt a different approach to collecting data. The concept of Hybrid Forensics is the selective collection of data from 'live' systems in such a way that it may be considered as being reliable evidence in court.
Barriers to the adoption of forensic search in law enforcement
Law enforcement organizations like many other organizations are divided into skill specific units. In the computer forensic / cybercrime area these units take responsibility for all aspects of the ESI. These units are usually time poor and under resourced.
Albeit that time and resources are low the main knowledge in the unit comes from officers or consultants with 7+ years of experience (this predates most computer forensic degrees available). These officers have become familiar over time with the methodology of using a forensic analysis software package as this is all that was on offer when they started in the field. Hence when new officers or resources become available it is forensic analysis software that is prioritized over newer more specific software and newer forensic field types.
References
Computer forensics |
Diana Wenman is an American television director and editor.
Positions held
Director on All My Children (1981), and Search for Tomorrow.
Associate Director on Royal Society Jazz Orchestra (1986)
Editor on The Electric Company
Producer's Assistant on Mack and Myer for Hire
Television Stage Manager on Manon Lescaut
Awards and nominations
Wenman has been nominated for three Daytime Emmy awards in the category Outstanding Achievement in Technical Excellence for a Daytime Drama Series, for her work on All My Children. She was nominated in 1980, 1981, and 1982, and won all three awards. Her first win was shared with Joseph Solomito, Howard Zweig, Lawrence Hammond, Robert Ambrico, Diane Cates-Cantrell, Christopher Mauro, Larry Strack, Vincent Senatore, Albin S. Lemanski, Len Walas, Jean Dadario-Burke, Roger Haenelt, John Grella, Irving Robbin, James Reichert, and Teri Smith.
External links
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American television directors
Daytime Emmy Award winners
American women television directors
American television editors
Women television editors |
Paglakanai Union () is a union parishad of Jhenaidah Sadar Upazila, in Jhenaidah District, Khulna Division of Bangladesh. The union has an area of and as of 2001 had a population of 15,172. There are 12 villages and 8 mouzas in the union.
References
External links
Unions of Khulna Division
Unions of Jhenaidah Sadar Upazila
Unions of Jhenaidah District |
The French lordship of Montpensier (named after the village of Montpensier, département of Puy-de-Dôme), located in historical Auvergne, became a countship in the 14th century.
It changed hands from the House of Thiern, to the House of Beaujeau, to the House of Drieux, to the House of Beaujeau again, and finally to the House of Ventadour, before it was sold in 1384 by Bernard and Robert de Ventadour to John, Duke of Berry, whose sons Charles and John were the first two to hold the title of Count of Montpensier.
After their deaths without issue, their younger sister Marie brought the countship to her third husband, John I, Duke of Bourbon (1381–1434). The countship was subsequently held by Louis de Bourbon, the younger son of John and Marie, and by his descendants up to Charles de Bourbon-Montpensier, the famous constable, who became duke of Bourbon by his marriage with his cousin, Suzanne de Bourbon, in 1505.
In 1384–1434 and 1505–27, Montpensier followed the succession in Duchy of Auvergne, and from 1434 onwards that of Dauphinate of Auvergne.
Confiscated by King Francis I, the countship was restored in 1538 to Louise de Bourbon, sister of the Constable of France, and widow of the prince de La Roche-sur-Yon, and to her son Louis, and was erected into a duchy in the peerage of France (duché-pairie) in 1539. Marie, daughter and heiress of Henry, Duke of Montpensier, brought the duchy to her husband Gaston, Duke of Orléans, brother of Louis XIII, whom she married in 1626, and their daughter and heiress, known as La Grande Mademoiselle was duchess of Montpensier.
When Mademoiselle Anne died childless, her heir (but an ancestress' Huguenot marriage after being a nun may have been regarded invalid) was Elisabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine, the then wife of Duke of Orléans. The title subsequently remained in the Orléans family, and was borne in particular by Antoine Philippe (1775–1807), son of Philippe Egalité, and by Antoine Marie Philippe Louis (1824–1890), son of King Louis-Philippe and father-in-law of King Alphonso XII of Spain. Mademoiselle de Montpensier was a title conferred upon some women of the royal family, namely during the years previous to the French Revolution.
Seigneurs of Montpensier (12th century)
Guy of Thiers, Seigneur of Montpensier
Agnès of Thiers, Dame of Montpensier - daughter who married Humbert IV of Beaujeu, Sire of Beaujeu and Seigneur of Montpensier (Humbert I)
Guichard I of Beaujeu, Seigneur of Montpensier - son
Guichard II of Beaujeu, Seigneur of Montpensier - son
Humbert II of Beaujeu, Seigneur of Montpensier - son
Jeanne of Beaujeu, Dame of Montpensier (Jeanne I) - daughter who married Jean II of Drieux, Count of Dreux, Seigneur of Montpensier (Jean I)
Robert V of Dreux, Seigneur of Montpensier - son
Jean III of Dreux, Seigneur of Montpensier (Jean II) - brother
Pierre of Dreux, Seigneur of Montpensier brother
Jeanne I of Dreux, Dame of Montpensier (Jeanne II) - daughter
Louis I of Beaujeu, Seigneur of Montpensier - descendant of a brother of Humbert II of Beaujeu, Seigneur of Montpensier
Marguerite of Beaujeu, Dame of Montpensier - daughter who married Ebles VIII of Ventadour, Viscount of Ventadour, Seigneur of Montpensier
Bernard of Ventadour, Seigneur of Montpensier (1346–1384) - son
Counts of Montpensier (1384)
Charles de Valois, Count of Montpensier (1362–1382) - son of John de Valois, Duke of Berry and Auvergne
John de Valois, Count of Montpensier (1363–1401) - brother
Marie of Valois, Countess of Montpensier (1375–1434) - sister of John; in 1400 she married John I, Duke of Bourbon
Louis I de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier (1405–1486) - third and younger surviving son
Gilbert de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier (1448–1496) - son of Louis I
Louis II de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier (1483–1501) - son of Gilbert
Charles III de Bourbon, Count of Montpensier (1490–1527) - brother of Louis II
Dukes of Montpensier (1539)
Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier (1482–1561) - sister of Charles III
Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier (1513–1582) - son of Louise
François de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier (1542–1592) - son of Louis
Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier (1573–1608) - son of François
Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier (1605–1627) - daughter of Henri
Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier (La Grande Mademoiselle) (1627–1693) - daughter of Marie
Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans (1640–1701) - first cousin of Anne Marie Louise, given title in 1695 by Louis XIV
Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (1674–1723) - son of Philippe
Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (1703–1752) - son of Philippe
Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (1725–1785) - son of Louis
Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (Philippe Égalité) (1747–1793) - son of Louis Philippe I
Louis Philippe d'Orléans, King of the French, Duke of Montpensier (1773–1850) - son of Louis Philippe Joseph
Philippe d'Orléans, Count of Paris, Duke of Montpensier (1838–1894) - grandson of Louis Philippe
Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (1869–1926) - son of Philippe
Jean d'Orléans, Duke of Guise, Duke of Montpensier (1874–1940) - cousin of Philippe
Henri d'Orléans, Count of Paris, Duke of Montpensier (1908–1999) - son of Jean
Henri d'Orléans, Count of Paris, Duke of France, Duke of Montpensier (born 1933-2019) - son of Henri
Jean d'Orléans, Count of Paris, Duke of Vendôme (born 1965) - son of Henri
Courtesy title
The title Duke of Montpensier has been used as a courtesy title by other members of the House of Orléans:
Antoine Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (1775–1807) second son of Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Antoine d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier (1824–1890) youngest son of Louis Philippe, King of the French
Duchess Marie Therese of Württemberg, Duchess of Montpensier (born 1934), wife of Henri, comte de Paris, duc de France
See also
List of consorts of Montpensier
House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon-Montpensier
House of Orléans
La Princesse de Montpensier (novella)
La Princesse de Montpensier
References |
The men's Greco-Roman 75 kilograms wrestling competition at the 2014 Asian Games in Incheon was held on 1 October 2014 at the Dowon Gymnasium.
Schedule
All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)
Results
Legend
C — Won by 3 cautions given to the opponent
F — Won by fall
Main bracket
Repechage
Final standing
References
Wrestling Database
External links
Official website
Wrestling at the 2014 Asian Games |
Nightmare Next Door is a true crime documentary series which aired on Investigation Discovery from 2011 to 2016.
Synopsis
The series (responsible for bringing some crime cases into national attention) covered some notable ones like the McKinney quadruple murder, the Disappearance of Michele Anne Harris, the murder of Katie Sepich, the crimes of Eugene Britt, Alec Devon Kreider and Adam Leroy Lane.
Episodes typically consist of interviews with investigators, prosecutors and family members coupled with re-enactments using actors. The series focuses on crimes that occurred in small American communities.
References
External links
Investigation Discovery original programming
True crime television series
2011 American television series debuts
2016 American television series endings |
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US.
18th century
1742
John Fraser is given what will become Braddock's Field.
1754
January: Construction on Fort Prince George is started
April 18: Fort Prince George is surrendered.
April: Fort Duquesne established by French.
1755
July 9: French and Indian forces defeat the British Army.
1758
September 14: The Battle of Fort Duquesne takes place
November 25: British take Fort Duquesne, rename it Pittsburgh (variously spelled).
1760
Population: 464.
1763
June 22: Siege of Fort Pitt begins
August 20: Siege of Fort Pitt ends
1764
The Fort Pitt Blockhouse is completed.
1768
November 5: Fort Pitt is annexed into Pennsylvania with the signing of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix.
1786
Gazette newspaper begins publication.
1787
Pittsburgh Academy established.
1788
Allegheny County is created from parts of Westmoreland and Washington counties. Allegheny County Sheriff's Office is established.
Town of Allegheny is laid out north of Pittsburgh.
September 17: Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed.
Mechanical Society organized.
1792
Fort Pitt is abandoned by the U.S. Army.
Fort Lafayette is established.
1793
September 12: The Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire is established.
1794
Pittsburgh is incorporated as a borough.
The Pittsburgh Night Watchmen, the predecessor to the Pittsburgh Police Department is established.
August 1: Rebellious militiamen and farmers march on the city during the Whiskey Rebellion
1797
August 3: Fort Pitt is officially decommissioned by the army and is subsequently demolished.
1798
Gilkison Bookstore and Circulating Library in business.
1800
Population: 1,565.
19th century
1800s-1840s
1803
Fort Lafayette serves as a staging base for the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
McClurg iron foundry in business.
1810
Eagle Fire Company formed.
Population: 4,768.
1811
Pittsburgh Engine Company in business.
1812
Fort Lafayette serves as a supply base for Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry.
1813
Pittsburgh Humane Society and Chemical and Physiological Society established.
1815
Allegheny College is established.
1814
Fort Lafayette is abandoned.
Pittsburgh Permanent Library Company established.
1816
March 18: Pittsburgh borough is incorporated as a city.
Ebenezer Denny becomes mayor.
1820
Population: 7,248.
1825
Pittsburgh Apprentices' Library founded.
1828
Town of Allegheny incorporated as a borough.
City water pumping system put into effect for the Allegheny River.
1829
City wards created: East, North, South, West.
Western Division Canal in operation.
1830
Population: 12,542.
1831
Theban Literary Society organized.
1832
African Education Society founded.
The Flood of 1832.
Cholera outbreak.
1833
Pittsburg Theater built.
1835
Board of Trade created.
1838
Pittsburg Institute of Arts and Sciences incorporated.
1840
Allegheny borough incorporated as a city.
Pittsburgh and Beaver Canal opens.
1841
Courthouse built on Grant Street.
State Convention of Colored Freemen held in city.
1842
Sitdown strike by iron workers.
1843
Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh established.
1844
Allegheny Cemetery established.
1845
April 10: Fire.
Delany's The Mystery newspaper begins publication.
1846
Uptown becomes part of city.
Pittsburgh Dispatch newspaper begins publication.
Odeon Hall opens.
1847
Young Men's Mercantile Library & Mechanics Institute established.
The Catholic Sisters of Mercy establish Mercy Hospital, the first hospital in Pittsburgh
1849
St. Mary Cemetery established.
Horne's in business.
Manufacture of "Kier's Rock Oil" begins.
1850s–1890s
1851
Duff's Mercantile College and German Library Association established.
St. Peter's Episcopal Church built.
1852
Pennsylvania Railroad begins operating, linking the city with Philadelphia.
1854
Cholera outbreak.
1856
February: An informal National Republican convention is held in the city.
1857
The Pittsburgh Police Department is established.
1859
Lawrenceville-Pittsburgh railway begins operating.
The first Sixth Street Bridge is created by John Roebling.
1860 – Population: 49,221.
1861
Jones and Laughlin Steel Company in business.
Rodef Shalom Congregation built.
The Iron City Brewing Company is established.
1862
The Allegheny Arsenal explosion.
1865
Pittsburgh and Steubenville Railroad begins operating.
1868
City expands to the east by annexing the borough of Lawrenceville and the townships of Pitt, Oakland, Collins, Liberty, and Peebles.
1869
December 11: Pennsylvania Female College founded.
Westinghouse Air Brake Company in business.
1870
May 28: The Monongahela Incline opens
1872
South Side becomes part of city.
Trinity Cathedral built.
1873
Duquesne Club founded.
1875
Edgar Thomson Steel Works in business near city.
1876
February 2: The city loses its bid for a professional baseball franchise in the newly established National League.
February 22: The Allegheny Base Ball Club, a precursor to the modern-day Pittsburgh Pirates, is established.
Chamber of Commerce established.
Point Bridge opens.
1877
February 20: The International Association for Professional Base Ball Players is founded in Pittsburgh.
Railroad strike.
Duquesne Incline funicular begins operating.
1878
June 8: The Pittsburgh Allegheny professional baseball club folds.
Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost opens.
Homewood Cemetery is established.
1879
Zion's Watch Tower begins publication.
"Old Residents of Pittsburgh and Western Penna." established.
1881
November 15: Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions formed at Turner Hall.
Population: 156,381.
1882
Allegheny baseball team is established and begins play in the American Association.
Historical Society of Pittsburg and Western Pa. formed.
1883
Smithfield Street Bridge opens.
1884
Evening Penny Press newspaper begins publication.
August 22: Baseball's Chicago Browns of the Union Association relocate to Pittsburgh and become the Pittsburgh Stogies.
September 18: The Union Association's Pittsburgh Stogies disband.
1885
Kaufmann's department store in business.
The Winter Garden opens
1886
September: Racial unrest.
Westinghouse Electric Company in business.
Calvary Catholic Cemetery founded.
The Allegheny County Jail is constructed.
1887
Baseball's Pittsburgh Alleghenys leave the American Association for the National League.
The Pittsburgh Keystones, a Negro league baseball club, begins play in the League of Colored Baseball Clubs; however, the league and team fold within a week.
1888
Pittsburg Reduction Co. (later Alcoa) in business.
Allegheny County Courthouse rebuilt.
September: Allegheny County centennial.
1889
Schenley Park is created
1890
Major League Baseball's Pittsburgh Burghers represent the city in short-lived Players' League.
The third Exposition Park opens.
Allegheny Athletic Association fields their American football team.
September 1: The first triple-header in Major League Baseball history is played between the Brooklyn Bridegrooms and the Pittsburgh Innocents
October 11: The Pittsburgh Panthers football team plays its first-ever football game.
Schenley Park established.
H.J. Heinz Company in business.
National Slavonic Society headquartered in city.
Duquesne Traction Company is built as a trolley barn.
1891
The newly created United States Board on Geographic Names adopts "Pittsburg" as its standard spelling of the name of Pittsburgh.
Dravo shipbuilder in business.
The National League's Pittsburgh baseball club gains the then-unofficial nickname "Pirates".
Pittsburgh Athletic Club fields their American football team.
Duquesne University first fields its American football team.
1892
Carnegie Steel Company in business.
St. Stanislaus Kostka Church built.
The second Sixth Street Bridge is built by engineer Theodore Cooper for the Union Bridge Company.
July 6: Homestead Steel Strike takes place.
Young Women's Christian Association of Pittsburg and Allegheny founded.
November 12: Pudge Heffelfinger becomes the first professional American football player, as a member of the Allegheny Athletic Association, in a game against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club.
1893
Children's Home of Pittsburgh established.
Ben "Sport" Donnelly of the Allegheny Athletic Association becomes the first professional American football coach.
Grant Dibert of the Pittsburg Athletic Club becomes the first American football player to sign and be kept under to the first known professional football contract.
1894
Fifth Avenue High School built.
1895
Carnegie Museums and Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh founded.
Pittsburgh Arts Society founded.
May 29: Schenley Park Casino opens
September: The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club football team is formed.
December 30: The very first ice hockey game is played inside the city, held at the Schenley Park Casino.
1896
Carnegie Museum of Natural History is established.
Homestead Library & Athletic Club is established.
November 17: The Pittsburgh-based Western Pennsylvania Hockey League began its inaugural season.
December 17: Schenley Park Casino is destroyed by fire.
December 18: Western Pennsylvania Hockey League suspends operations for the remainder of the season. No championship is awarded.
The Duquesne Traction Company is renovated and opens as the Duquesne Gardens.
1897
Immaculate Heart of Mary Church dedicated.
Station Square first opens as the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Complex.
1898
William Chase Temple becomes the first-ever owner of an American football team when he takes over the payments of the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club team.
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Station built.
Pittsburgh Zoo opens on Tuesday, 14 June 1898.
Kennywood Park opens
December 3: The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club defeats the Western Pennsylvania All-Stars in the very first all-star game for professional American football.
The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League is re-established and use the Duquesne Gardens as their venue. The Pittsburgh Athletic Club goes on win the league's first title.
1899
April 4: the Duquesne Brewing Company is established.
Pittsburgh Brewing Company formed.
1900
March: Pittsburgh Athletic Club wins their second title in the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League.
Carnegie Technical Schools established.
The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club football team folds.
Homestead Library & Athletic Club football team wins the professional American football championship.
Pittsburgh Bankers ice hockey team is established.
Population: 321,616.
20th century
1900s-1940s
1901
Pittsburgh Athletic Club wins their third title in the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League.
The Pittsburgh Pirates win their first National League title.
November 30: The Homestead Library & Athletic Club football team wins the professional football championship.
1902
January 1: The Pittsburgh Railways Company is established.
Ice hockey's Pittsburgh Victorias are established
The Pittsburgh Keystones win the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League title.
Harry Peel, of the Pittsburgh Keystones admits that he was paid $35 a week to play in the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, becoming one of the first openly professional ice hockey players.
Pittsburgh Railways Company and Children's Institute of Pittsburgh established.
Frick Building constructed.
The Pittsburgh Pirates win their second National League title.
November 29: The Pittsburg Stars win the first National Football League's championship.
1903
The Pittsburgh Bankers win their first Western Pennsylvania Hockey League title.
Union Station, Wabash Tunnel, and McCreery's department store open.
The Pittsburgh Pirates win their third National League title.
October 1–13: The first modern World Series is played between the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Boston Americans.
1904
January 17: The Pittsburgh Keystones withdrew from the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League.
The Pittsburgh Victorias win the title for the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League.
Wabash Bridge built.
Wabash Railroad begins operating.
July 31: Construction begins on Immaculate Heart of Mary Church
Gayety Theater opens.
The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League ceases operations.
The Pittsburgh Victorias cease operations.
The Pittsburgh Professionals becomes the city's representative in the International Professional Hockey League.
1905
Nickelodeon opens.
December 3: Immaculate Heart of Mary Church opens
1906
Saint Paul Cathedral built.
G. C. Murphy variety shop in business.
1907
Allegheny becomes part of Pittsburgh.
Frank & Seder in business.
The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League is re-established
The Pittsburgh Lyceum ice hockey team is established.
December: The first known trade of professional hockey players takes place as the Pittsburgh Lyceum sends Harry Burgoyne to the Pittsburgh Bankers for Dutch Koch.
1908
The Pittsburgh Bankers win their second title in the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League.
Beechview becomes part of city.
Pittsburgh Athletic Association organized.
December 23: The Pittsburgh Lyceum ice hockey team folds.
1909
February: The Duquesne Athletic Club wins the 1908–09 season title in the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, as the team and the league formally fold.
July–September: Pressed Steel Car Strike of 1909.
Pittsburgh Aero Club founded.
June 30: Forbes Field opens
October 16: Pittsburgh Pirates win the 1909 World Series
1910
Economic Club of Pittsburgh active.
Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall dedicated.
May 10: The Pittsburgh Courier begins publication
1911
Pittsburgh Public School District formed.
The Syria Mosque is constructed
July 19: the United States Geographic Board adopts "Pittsburgh" as its standard spelling of the city name, reversing its 20-year-old decision favoring "Pittsburg".
1912
Homestead Grays, a Negro league baseball team is formed.
The Pittsburgh Filipinos of the United States Baseball League were founded.
1913
The Pittsburgh Filipinos move to the Federal League and become the Pittsburgh Stogies.
April: Schoolchildren's protest.
Concordia Club building opens.
1914
Regent Theatre opens.
Pittsburgh Stogies are renamed Pittsburgh Rebels.
1915
The Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets are founded by Roy Schooley.
The Pittsburgh Rebels fold with the Federal League.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People branch and Pittsburgh Musical Institute established.
July 5: Construction begins on the Pittsburgh City-County Building.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their first national championship.
1916
William Penn Hotel in business.
The Pittsburgh Winter Garden begins hosting ice skating and ice hockey.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their second national championship.
October 26: The Syria Mosque opens.
1917
Union Trust Building and Pittsburgh City-County Building open.
December: The Pittsburgh City-County Building is completed.
1918
May 31: Czecho-Slovakia Agreement signed in Moose Hall.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claims its third national championship.
1920
KDKA (AM) radio begins broadcasting.
October 2: The final triple-header in Major League Baseball history is played at Forbes Field.
1921
Robert Morris University is established.
The Pittsburgh Keystones, a Negro league baseball team is revised and begins play.
American football's J.P. Rooneys, the forerunners to the modern-day Pittsburgh Steelers, are established as "Hope-Harvey" by Art Rooney.
August 8: The first part of the Boulevard of the Allies is dedicated.
1922
The Negro league baseball's Pittsburgh Keystones cease operations.
1923
The entire Boulevard of the Allies opened to traffic
Centre Avenue YMCA opens.
1924
Liberty Tunnel and 40th Street Bridge open.
1925
September 1: Pitt Stadium opens.
October 15: Pittsburgh Pirates win the 1925 World Series
Pittsburgh Pirates become the city's first club in the National Hockey League
1926
University of Pittsburgh's Cathedral of Learning built.
1927
Frick Park Loew's Penn Theater, and Point Bridge open.
The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph are formed from four pre-existing newspapers.
Pittsburgh Symphony Society established.
The Sixth Street Bridge is demolished and rebuilt.
Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School opens.
November 14: Gas explosion.
1928
February 27: The Benedum Center opens
Liberty Bridge opens.
Josh Gibson Field opens as Ammon Field.
1929
Amateur Astronomers Association of Pittsburgh founded.
Koppers Tower built.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their fourth national championship.
1930
Grant Building constructed.
March 18: Pittsburgh Pirates play their last hockey game.
July 18: The Homestead Grays and the Kansas City Monarchs play the first night baseball game in the city at Forbes Field.
The Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets are re-established
The first Crawford Grill is established.
1931
Allegheny County Airport dedicated.
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Pittsburgh Branch built.
Pittsburgh Crawfords, a Negro league baseball team is formed.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their fifth national championship.
1932
January 13: In college basketball, the City Game is first played between Duquesne Dukes and the Pittsburgh Panthers
Allegheny County Police Department is established
Gulf Tower and West End Bridge built.
April 29: Greenlee Field opens
1933
July 8: Pittsburgh Pirates football team is formed from members of the J.P. Rooneys and becomes as a member of the National Football League.
Primanti Brothers is established in the city's Strip District.
November 6: Pittsburgh mayoral election, 1933 held.
South Tenth Street Bridge opens.
1934
United States Post Office and Courthouse built.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their sixth national championship.
1935
The Monongahela Incline undergoes electrification.
May 25: Babe Ruth hits the final three home runs of his career as the Boston Braves lost to the Pirates, 11–7. His last home run cleared the right field stands roofline of Forbes Field, making him the first player to ever do so.
September 8: The Pittsburgh Shamrocks of the International Hockey League are established
The Pittsburgh Crawfords win their first Negro National League title
1936
March: Flood.
The Detroit Olympics move to Pittsburgh becoming the Pittsburgh Hornets of the American Hockey League.
The Pittsburgh Americans of the second American Football League is formed.
The Pittsburgh Crawfords win their second Negro National League title.
November 3: The Pittsburgh Shamrocks of the International Hockey League end their operations.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their seventh national championship.
Dapper Dan Charities is founded by Pittsburgh Post-Gazette editor Al Abrams.
1937
Ohio River flood of 1937.
The Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets fold for the final time.
October 22: The Pittsburgh Americans football franchise folds
November 20: The Homestead High-Level Bridge opens.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their eighth national championship.
1938
The Pittsburgh Crawfords are sold and relocated to Toledo.
Greenlee Field is demolished.
1939
The Dapper Dan Award is established.
1940
American football's Pittsburgh Pirates are renamed the Pittsburgh Steelers.
1941
Music Hall of the Winter Garden at Exposition Hall is demolished to secure scrap metal for the war effort during World War II.
1942
United Steelworkers headquartered in city.
Machinery Hall of the Winter Garden at Exposition Hall is demolished to secure scrap metal for the war effort during World War II.
1943
August: Due to manning shortages related to World War II, the Pittsburgh Steelers merge with the Philadelphia Eagles for the 1943 NFL season.
October 5: Homestead Grays win the 1943 Negro World Series baseball contest.
Crawford Grill number 2, opens on the corner of Wylie Avenue and Elmore Street
1944
Allegheny Conference on Community Development established.
July 11: The 12th Major League Baseball All-Star Game is held at Forbes Field.
August 15: Due to manning shortages related to World War II, the Pittsburgh Steelers merge with the Chicago Cardinals for the 1944 NFL season.
September 24: Homestead Grays win the 1944 Negro World Series baseball contest.
1945
Pittsburgh Youth Symphony Orchestra and Pittsburgh Foundation established.
Arts and Craft Center opens in Shadyside.
1946
Power strike.
The Pittsburgh Ironmen of the Basketball Association of America (a forerunner of the National Basketball Association) begin play.
Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera established.
1947
September 9: The Island Queen is destroyed in an explosion, killing 19, while docked in the Monongahela River.
The Pittsburgh Ironmen cease operations.
1948
October 5: Homestead Grays win the 1948 Negro World Series.
Crawford Grill number 3, located on the corner of Bidwell Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, is established.
1950s-1990s
1950
Population: 676,806.
1951
July 2: The Main Hall of the Winter Garden at Exposition Hall is demolished.
The first Crawford Grill is destroyed in a fire.
December 15: The Fitzgerald Field House opens on the University of Pittsburgh campus.
1952
The Pittsburgh Hornets won their first F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy, and their first Calder Cup.
Greater Pittsburgh Airport opens.
Pittsburgh Aviary-Conservatory built.
1953
Pittsburgh Photographic Library created.
Alcoa Building constructed.
1955
Mellon Square laid out.
The Pittsburgh Hornets win their second F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy and Calder Cup.
Crawford Grill number 3, located on the corner of Bidwell Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, formally closes.
1956
January 10: The 3rd AHL All-Star Game is held at the Duquesne Gardens.
The Pittsburgh Hornets relocate to Rochester, New York, becoming the Rochester Americans.
Duquesne Gardens is demolished
1957
Grant Street Station opens.
26th Major League Baseball All-Star Game is played at Forbes Field.
August 28: Work begins on the Fort Pitt Tunnel
December 18: Shippingport Atomic Power Station commissioned near city.
1958
WTAE-TV begins broadcasting.
March 12: Pittsburgh Civic Arena opens
The Gateway Clipper Fleet begins operations
1959
June: WRRK first broadcasts, as WLOA-FM.
June 19: The Fort Pitt Bridge opens.
Three Rivers Arts Festival begins.
Pittsburgh Theological Seminary formed.
1960
Point Park College opens
September 1: Fort Pitt Tunnel opens.
October 13: Pittsburgh Pirates win 1960 World Series baseball contest.
Original Hot Dog shop in business.
1961
A second incarnation of the Pittsburgh Hornets is established for play in the American Hockey League.
1962
May 10: WDVE first airs, as KQV-FM.
Winky's restaurant in business.
The Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle begins publication.
1963
Eparchy of Pittsburgh of the Ruthenians active.
1964
Port Authority of Allegheny County, Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation, and Pittsburgh Stadium Authority established.
1965
March 26: First Roundball Classic is played.
1966
September: Community College of Allegheny County and Glenwood Bridge open.
October 22: The Pittsburgh Courier ceases publication.
1967
On April 30: The Pittsburgh Hornets of the American Hockey League win their final Calder Cup and are soon afterwards disbanded.
June: Westinghouse Sign entered operation.
The Pittsburgh Penguins, the city's second team to play in the National Hockey League is formed.
The Pittsburgh Pipers of the American Basketball Association are formed as a charter franchise for the league.
Fiesta Theatre opens.
1968
The Pittsburgh Pipers win the 1968 American Basketball Association title.
The Pittsburgh Pipers relocate to Minnesota, becoming the Minnesota Pipers.
February 19: Locally produced and nationally aired children's program Mister Rogers' Neighborhood premiers.
1969
October 17: Fort Duquesne Bridge opens.
The Pittsburgh Pipers re-locate back to Pittsburgh
1970
The Pittsburgh Pipers of the American Basketball Association are renamed the Pittsburgh Condors.
Three Rivers Stadium opens.
U.S. Steel Tower built.
Population: 540,025.
1971
October 17: Pittsburgh Pirates win 1971 World Series baseball contest.
1972
June 1972: The American Basketball Association cancels the Pittsburgh Condors franchise.
The Duquesne Brewing Company is dissolved
1974
The Pittsburgh Triangles are established and begin play in World TeamTennis.
July 23: 45th Major League Baseball All-Star Game is held at Three Rivers Stadium.
August: Point State Park opens
1975
January 12: Pittsburgh Steelers win Super Bowl IX
February 1: PATrain Commuter Rail Service Begins.
The Pittsburgh Triangles win the World TeamTennis Championship
The Bulletin newspaper founded.
1976
January 18: Pittsburgh Steelers win Super Bowl X
Dance Alloy troupe formed.
The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their ninth national championship.
1977
Pittsburgh Triangles of World TeamTennis formally fold, as the Pennsylvania Keystones.
Mattress Factory (art gallery) founded.
Birmingham Bridge and East End Food Co-op open.
Sri Venkateswara Temple consecrated near city.
Pittsburgh Three Rivers Regatta begins.
1979
January 21: January 18: Pittsburgh Steelers win Super Bowl XIII
Pamela's Diner in business.
The Pittsburgh Colts, a minor league professional football team, is established.
October 17: Pittsburgh Pirates win 1979 World Series baseball contest.
1980
Pittsburgh Community Food Bank opens.
Population: 423,938.
1981
William J. Coyne becomes Pennsylvania's 14th congressional district representative.
February 7: David L. Lawrence Convention Center built.
1982
Three Rivers Film Festival begins.
Federated Tower built.
Soar (cognitive architecture) developed at Carnegie Mellon University.
1983
March 7: The Pittsburgh Maulers of the United States Football League are founded
March 7: Petromark Industrial Plant Explosion In McKees Rocks (one person dead)
September 3: The inaugural Pittsburgh Vintage Grand Prix
Children's Museum of Pittsburgh established.
One Mellon Center and Oxford Centre built.
1984
Pittsburgh Light Rail begins operating.
PPG Place dedicated.
Pittsburgh Cultural Trust formed.
October 26: The Pittsburgh Maulers of the United States Football League fold their operations
1985
Pittsburgh Marathon and Pittsburgh Great Race begin.
September: Pittsburgh drug trials take place.
1986
Penn Brewery in business.
April 13: Root Sports Pittsburgh first airs as the Pirates Cable Network and later KBL
1987
June 19: The Pittsburgh Gladiators of the Arena Football League begin play.
August 1: The city hosts ArenaBowl I, the Pittsburgh Gladiators are defeated in the game, 45–16, by the Denver Dynamite.
September 25: The Benedum Center is restored.
Head of the Ohio regatta begins.
The Veterans Bridge opens.
1988
May 6: Mayor Richard Caliguiri dies in office. Sophie Masloff becomes mayor.
November 11: The A.J. Palumbo Center opens
1989
May 31: The Trib Total Media Amphitheatre first opens as the Melody Amphitheatre.
Sandcastle Waterpark opens
Pittsburgh mayoral election
1990
January 21: The 41st National Hockey League All-Star Game is held at the Pittsburgh Civic Arena.
February 21: The is transferred as an exhibit for the Carnegie Science Center.
Frick's Clayton house museum opens.
Population: 369,879.
1991
Carnegie Science Center opens.
The Pittsburgh Gladiators relocate to Tampa, Florida, becoming the Tampa Bay Storm.
May 25: Pittsburgh Penguins win Stanley Cup.
August 27: The Syria Mosque is demolished
1992
Transit strike.
Newspaper strike.
May 17: The Pittsburgh Press ceases operations as a print newspaper.
June 1: Pittsburgh Penguins win their second Stanley Cup.
The Greensburg Tribune-Review begins circulation into the Pittsburgh metro area, becoming the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review.
1993
Wood Street Galleries open.
June 1993: Arthur J. Rooney Athletic Field opens
1994
April: Final Roundball Classic is played in Pittsburgh.
The Pittsburgh Phantoms are established a play one season in Roller Hockey International before ceasing operations.
July 11: Major League Baseball Home Run Derby is held at Three Rivers Stadium.
July 12: 65th Major League Baseball All-Star Game is held at Three Rivers Stadium.
The Pittsburgh Piranhas begin play in the Continental Basketball Association
Andy Warhol Museum opens.
Thomas J. Murphy, Jr. becomes mayor.
1995
The Pittsburgh Piranhas of the Continental Basketball Association folds.
1996
January 28: The Dallas Cowboys defeat the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XXX.
Heinz History Center opens.
Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy organized.
1997
June 21: The 1997 NHL Entry Draft is held at the Pittsburgh Civic Arena.
1998
City website online (approximate date).
Sustainable Pittsburgh established.
August 6: The Sixth Street Bridge is renamed the Roberto Clemente Bridge.
Fall: Westinghouse Sign demolished.
1999
The Pittsburgh Riverhounds are established
December: Pitt Stadium is demolished.
2000
UPMC Sports Performance Complex built.
Population: 334,563.
21st century
2001
February 11: Three Rivers Stadium is demolished
March 31: PNC Park opens.
August 18: Heinz Field opens.
August 31: Final episode of locally produced and nationally aired children's program, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood airs.
November 6: Pittsburgh mayoral election, 2001 held.
2002
SouthSide Works opens.
Crawford Grill number 2, located on the corner of Wylie Avenue and Elmore Street, formally closes.
July 11: Homestead High-Level Bridge was renamed the Homestead Grays Bridge.
The Pittsburgh Passion, which is part of the Women's Football Alliance, is founded.
2003
Tekkoshocon anime convention begins.
2004
Pittsburgh Intergovernmental Cooperation Authority formed.
2005
March 18: The Seventh Street Bridge is renamed the Andy Warhol Bridge.
I Heart PGH blog begins publication.
September 17: Joe Walton Stadium opens
November 8: Pittsburgh mayoral election, 2005 held.
2006
February 6: The Pittsburgh Steelers win Super Bowl XL.
April 22: The Ninth Street Bridge is renamed the Rachel Carson Bridge.
July 9: All-Star Futures Game and the Taco Bell All-Star Legends and Celebrity Softball Game are played at PNC Park.
July 10: 2006 Major League Baseball Home Run Derby held at PNC Park
July 11: 77th Major League Baseball All-Star Game is held at PNC Park.
Carnegie Mellon University's Remaking Cities Institute established.
Bob O'Connor becomes mayor, succeeded by Luke Ravenstahl.
Anthrocon furry convention relocates to Pittsburgh.
2007
November 6: Pittsburgh mayoral special election, 2007 held.
2008
January 1: Pittsburgh Penguins win the first-ever NHL Winter Classic.
June 6: The Stanley Cup is first awarded in the city, at Mellon Arena, as the Detroit Red Wings defeat the Pittsburgh Penguins in the Stanley Cup Finals, 4 games to 2.
Duquesne Brewing Company is resurrected
Pittsburgh Riverhounds, a professional soccer team, begins play as a member of the USL's A-League
2009
February 1: Pittsburgh Steelers win Super Bowl XLIII football contest.
April 4: 2009 shooting of Pittsburgh police officers.
April 11: Tea Party demonstration.
June 12: The Pittsburgh Penguins win their third Stanley Cup.
July: Iron City Brewing Company relocates most of its operations to Latrobe, Pennsylvania.
August 9: The Rivers Casino opens.
September: G-20 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy held.
HackPittsburgh workshop founded.
2010
Bakery Square development and Consol Energy Center (arena) opens.
December: Stage AE opens
Population: 307,484.
2011
January 1: The 2011 Winter Classic is held at Heinz Field.
February 6: The Green Bay Packers defeat the Pittsburgh Steelers, 31–25, in Super Bowl XLV.
Pittsburgh Power of the Arena Football League is established.
September 26: Pittsburgh Civic Arena is demolished.
November 14: The Pittsburgh Press is resurrected as an online newspaper by Block Communications.
2012
Wigle Whiskey distillery in business.
March 23: North Shore Connector opens.
June 22–23: The 2012 NHL Entry Draft is held at the Consol Energy Center.
December 27–28: First Three Rivers Classic is played.
2013
April 11–13: The 2013 Men's Frozen Four is held at Consol Energy Center.
April 13: Highmark Stadium opens
November 5: Pittsburgh mayoral election, 2013 held.
2014
January 6: Bill Peduto becomes mayor, succeeding Luke Ravenstahl.
November 17: The Pittsburgh Power of the Arena Football League folds.
2016
June 12: The Pittsburgh Penguins win their fourth Stanley Cup.
2017
February 25: The 2017 NHL Stadium Series (sport event) is held at Heinz Field.
June 11: The Pittsburgh Penguins win their fifth Stanley Cup.
2018
October 27: Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
2022
January 3: Ed Gainey becomes mayor, the first African-American to be elected to the office
January 28: The Fern Hollow Bridge in Frick Park collapses, with some minor injuries but no fatalities, ahead of a visit by President Joseph Biden, who visits the site and pledges to repair any of the nation's bridges needing renovation.
See also
History of Pittsburgh
List of mayors of Pittsburgh
List of City of Pittsburgh historic designations
Timeline of women's suffrage in Pennsylvania
other cities in Pennsylvania
Timeline of Philadelphia
References
Bibliography
Published in the 19th century
1800s-1840s
1847 ed.
1850s-1890s
Published in the 20th century
1900s-1940s
v.2
1950s-1990s
Lubove, Roy, ed. Pittsburgh 1976. 294 pp. short excerpts covering main themes
Published in the 21st century
(series of articles about Pittsburgh), 2014-
External links
Items related to Pittsburgh, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
(fulltext, various dates)
Years in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.