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Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Albermann (28 May 1835, Werden an der Ruhr – 9 August 1913, Cologne) was a German sculptor.
Life and work
His father was a cabinet maker. He attended the in Werden until he was sixteen, then served an apprenticeship as a wood sculptor, in Elberfeld. In 1855, he was drafted into the military and served with the 2nd Grenadier Regiment in Berlin. His Company Commander recognized his artistic talent, and allowed him to attend the Prussian Academy of Art while on duty. During this time, he joined the "Catholic Reading Association", the first student corporation in the Kartellverband.
After his discharge from the army, he initially worked for his former teachers, Hugo Hagen and . In 1864, he found himself back in the army, during the Second Schleswig War. The following year, he settled in Cologne. There, he became a free-lance sculptor. At the suggestion of the regional government, he founded a commercial drawing school in 1871, where he taught and served as Director until 1896. From 1893 to 1900, he was a Stadtverordneter (City Councilor). He was named a Professor in 1902.
His sculptural work was very extensive. Among his best known works are the statues of Ferdinand Franz Wallraf and Johann Heinrich Richartz, in front of the Museum für Angewandte Kunst, which they founded. Other notable works include the Johann von Werth Fountain, at the , the , at the Waidmarkt, and the in Wuppertal; done in a similar configurations. He also created numerous architectural sculptures, for private as well as public structures, and religious figures for various churches.
He was interred at Melaten Cemetery, where twenty of the graves are adorned with his works.
Sources
Erwin Dickhoff: Essener Köpfe. Wer war was? Richard Bracht, Essen 1985, pg.3,
Werner Schmidt: Der Bildhauer Wilhelm Albermann. Leben und Werk, Kölnisches Stadtmuseum, 2001,
Siegfried Koß: "Albermann, Wilhelm", in: Wolfgang Löhr (Ed.): Biographisches Lexikon des KV. 2. Teil, (Revocatio historiae Vol.3), SH-Verlag, Schernfeld 1993, pg.15 f.
P. Höveler: "Professor Wilhelm Albermann", in: Akademische Monatsblätter, 1914
E. Trier, W. Weyres (Eds.): Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts im Rheinland, Vol.IV. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1980,
Paul Kühn, "Albermann, Wilhelm", in: Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, Vol. 1: Aa–Antonio de Miraguel, Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 1907 pgs.184–185 (Online)
External links
1835 births
1913 deaths
20th-century German sculptors
20th-century German male artists
19th-century German sculptors
19th-century German male artists
German male sculptors |
Migration from Ireland to Saint Kitts and Nevis in the West Indies began in the 1620s, when the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis became part of the British Empire, and continued into the 18th century.
1620s to 1642
The first English colony was established in 1623, followed by a French colony in 1625. The English and French briefly united for the Kalinago Genocide of 1626 (pre-empting a Kalinago plan to massacre the Europeans), and then partitioned the island, with the English colonists in the middle and the French on either end. A Spanish force sent to clear the islands of non-Spanish settlement led to the Battle of St. Kitts (1629). The English settlement was rebuilt following the 1630 peace between England and Spain.
The Irish emigrated to the islands with the English, both as merchants and Irish indentured servants. One of the earliest known Irish settlers, merchant Gregory French of Galway, was there in 1630 when tried for "certain speeches ... tending to the dishonour" of King Charles I. In an incident at Kinsale in 1634, Irish emigrants were "ready to go ... to the West Indies ..[on a ship which] could have carried 150 passengers thence, for which passage there is commonly paid £6 per head ... and the freight of goods from Ireland to St Christopher, or other parts of the West Indies, is £3 to £4 per ton."
According to Matteo Binasco,
The English Caribbean received a growing influx of white settlers, whose number, before 1660, was estimated to be around 190,000. This emigration pattern was largely dictated by the absence of a large native population that could be used as a labour force, and consequently, the islands needed indentured servants . A considerable number of these indentured servants were Irish, who, in the 1630s, began to be recruited to work in the English West Indies (Bridenbaugh 1972: 14) ... and decided to improve their economic and social conditions.
Citing as typical the case of Captain Thomas Anthony, forced in 1636 by his Irish passengers to change his course from Virginia to St. Christopher the West Indies, Akenson writes:
"Irish labourers were well informed about comparatives wage rates and knew they would be better paid in the West Indies than in Virginia. So Captain Anthony was forced to change his plans and to make St. Christopher his destination; this is where most of them wanted to go."
In March 1638, Archbishop of Tuam Malachy Ó Caollaidhe sent two priests, Ferdinand Fareissy and David O’Neill, to accompany "six hundred Irish of both sexes [who] came to those parts, thanks to a safe and functional communication line, recently established." It was believed that the mission would be a success because of "the scarce presence of Protestant ministers."
Warfare, transportation, and the introduction of African slavery
Irish emigration was disrupted during the Irish Confederate Wars. In its aftermath, around 10,000 Irish and an unknown number of English, Welsh, and Scots were transported as convicts and prisoners of war to colonies in British North America, including Saint Kitts and Nevis. While Irish immigration continued, the rise of the Atlantic slave trade in Africans brought indenture wages down and forced many to leave the islands for mainland North America. Some former indentures remained and became slave-owners.
According to Nini Rogers:
"The irony of the Irish as ‘colonised and coloniser’ is intellectually disturbing to readers in a later generation; it was not so to the actual participants. Needy Catholic gentry, landless swordsmen, particularly from the provinces of Connacht and Munster, might look west to recoup their losses. The earliest surviving Irish emigrant letter from the New World comes from the Blake brothers on Barbados and Montserrat, conventionally carrying messages home to Galway of the good living to be made in a new land."
See also
Irish immigration to Barbados
Irish people in Jamaica
Irish slaves myth
Redlegs
References
Other sources
"A "riotous and Unruly Lot": Irish Indentured Servants and Freemen in the English West Indies, 1644-1713, in The William and Mary Quarterly 47, no. 4, Hilary Beckles, 1990.
If the Irish Ran the World: Montserrat, 1630-1730, Donald Harman Akenson, 1997
Subjects Without an Empire: The Irish in the Early Modern Caribbean, Past and Present, Kristen Block, 2011.
Everyday Life in the Early English Caribbean: Irish, Africans, and the Construction of Difference, Jenny Shaw, University of Georgia Press, 2013.
External links
Irish Caribbean
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
Hot Topic, Inc. (stylized as HOT TOPIC) is an American retail chain specializing in counterculture-related clothing and accessories, as well as licensed music. The stores are aimed towards an audience interested in rock music and video gaming, and most of their audience ranges from teens to young adults. Approximately 40% of Hot Topic's revenue comes from sales of licensed band T-shirts. Hot Topic often negotiates exclusive licensing arrangements with musical artists, movie studios, and graphic artists. The majority of the stores are located in regional shopping malls.
History
The first Hot Topic store was opened in November 1989 in Montclair Plaza, Montclair, California, by Orv Madden, a former executive at The Children's Place, who retired as CEO in 2000 and was replaced by Betsy McLaughlin, who headed the company until 2011. Lisa Harper assumed the position of CEO in March 2011 until Steve Vranes was announced as the new CEO in 2016. The company went public and began trading on NASDAQ in 1996.
In 2013, Hot Topic announced its sale to private equity firm Sycamore Partners for $600 million. The company ceased publishing financial data after 2013, as previously required as a public company.
Product assortment and sales
The store has been through a number of phases in its history, reflective of various alternative culture and pop culture (including geek culture) trends (prime examples being Lolita, goth, or cosplay outfits). In the early 2000s, the store was known for heavily marketing nu-metal merchandise relating to bands. During that period, the store was also known for its sales of controversial gel bracelets (often rumored to be "sex bracelets") as well as the equally controversial styles of phat pants-inspired bondage pants popular among teenagers in the late 1990s and early-to-mid 2000s.
The store later focused on skinny jeans and merchandise related to scene, emo and hardcore punk music and fashion, with a much larger focus on goths and spiky chokers and clothing. At present, the store's selection is largely focused on licensed video game merchandise and internet memes popular on sites such as tumblr, as well as anime, manga, Japanese films, and the associated otaku subculture.
Ventures
Hot Topic launched Torrid, a concept store that sells clothing for plus-size women, in 2001. While still under the same parent umbrella as Hot Topic, in 2015 the company branched off to become Torrid, LLC.
In 2008, Hot Topic launched ShockHound, an online retailer and social networking music site. In March 2011, Hot Topic made a public statement announcing the shutdown of ShockHound. The site is no longer live, all merchandise was moved to HotTopic.com, and the company ceased sales of MP3s.
In August 2010, Hot Topic opened two new stores in Canada, which also marked the chain's first two international outlets. The first store opened on August 11 at Square One Shopping Centre in Mississauga, Ontario, and then at Scarborough Town Centre in Toronto, Ontario the following day. The company has since also opened additional Canadian locations as well as locations in Puerto Rico.
In 2012, Hot Topic launched Blackheart Lingerie, a concept store that sells lingerie and clothing for women.
On May 26, 2015, Hot Topic announced its intent to acquire Geeknet Inc., owner of the online retailer ThinkGeek, for $122 million. However, the company received a $140 million counter-offer from GameStop, which Hot Topic did not choose to exceed.
On October 14, 2015, Hot Topic launched BoxLunch, a gift and novelty retail store. For every $10 spent, a meal is donated to a person in need.
Tour sponsorship
The company sponsored the 2004 Ozzfest concert tour, the 2005 through 2007 Sounds of the Underground tour, the 2008 Taste of Chaos tour, and had a stage at and sponsored the 2008 and 2009 Rockstar Energy Drink Mayhem Festival tours. The company went on to sponsor Black Veil Brides 2014 Black Mass tour with special guests Falling in Reverse.
References
External links
2000s fashion
2010s fashion
Companies based in the City of Industry, California
American companies established in 1989
Clothing companies established in 1989
Retail companies established in 1989
2013 mergers and acquisitions
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
Clothing retailers of the United States
Goth subculture
Retail companies based in California
1989 establishments in California
1996 initial public offerings
Novelty items |
The 2022 Canadian Soccer League season was the 25th season under the Canadian Soccer League name. The season began on May 29, 2022, and concluded with the CSL Championship on August 27, 2022, with FC Continentals defeating reigning champions Scarborough SC for their third championship title. The regular season title was secured by the Serbian White Eagles which marked their fifth league divisional title.
Summary
Regular season contenders
The race for the regular season title was a highly competitive bout as the outcome was decided on the final match of the regular season. Four teams dominated the race and all had an opportunity to clinch the spot. The Serbian White Eagles laid claim to the title with only a single point separating them from the York Region Shooters.
The previous time the Serbs won a divisional title was in the 2015 season. Former head coach Uroš Stamatović returned at the helm and assembled a competitive roster with a mixture of domestic and import players from Serbia. One notable domestic signing was former Canadian international Dejan Jakovic. After a four-year absence York Region returned to the fold and finished as runners-up. The Vaughan-based club primarily consisted of younger domestic players and remained competitive as they led the way for six weeks.
Scarborough SC and FC Continentals were the final two major contenders with the eastern Toronto side finishing third with a two-point difference from the Serbs. The club renewed the contract of head coach Mirko Medić and continued Scarborough's undefeated streak which stemmed from the previous season to 17 matches. FC Continentals the re-branded name of FC Vorkuta occupied the fourth position with a three-point difference separating them from the champions. The war in Ukraine directly affected the daily operations and on-field performance of FC Continentals as it restricted the team's access to player recruitment and to properly organize and achieve sufficient results throughout the season.
Other teams
The two remaining teams were BGH City FC and Toronto Falcons where both parties finished at the bottom half of the standings. Toronto an expansion side led by Willy Giummarra relied upon local talent along with former FC Vorkuta veterans to remain competitive in the league and managed a fifth-place finish. As the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were still enforced both Brantford Galaxy and Hamilton City continued fielding their hybrid team that finished the season at the bottom of the standings.
Playoff champion
The landscape of the playoff scene included all six member clubs. The Serbian White Eagles and York Region Shooters were both given a bye to the second round of the competition. In the preliminary stages of the postseason, FC Continentals automatically advanced as Toronto Falcons were disqualified as they failed to meet the requirements to compete in the playoffs. Scarborough also made the next round as they defeated BGH City.
Both the Serbs and York Region were eliminated in the semifinals which set the stage for the third consecutive rematch between Continentals and Scarborough. The regular season champion was defeated by FC Continentals while Scarborough eliminated the Shooters in extra time. In the championship match, the Continentals defeated Scarborough for their third playoff title.
Changes from 2021
The league returned to a five-month schedule. Two new entries were accepted into the league. The most notable returnee was the York Region Shooters which previously played until the 2017 season and was a charter member from the 1998 CNSL–OPSL merger. The other addition was the Toronto Falcons a club managed and organized by former FC Vorkuta general manager Samad Kadirov. A name change occurred with FC Vorkuta being renamed FC Continentals.
The league intended to launch the Enio Perruzza Memorial Trophy a separate competition in tribute to former league announcer Enio Perruzza who died the previous year. The Memorial Trophy was to be an open tournament featuring league members along with invitational clubs. The playoffs would commence in early August with the championship final being scheduled for August 27, 2022. The season would resume activity throughout September and October for the invitational Memorial Trophy but the tournament was rescheduled for the next season due to the lack of available stadiums.
Teams
Coaching changes
Standings
Playoffs
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
Season statistics
Goals
Hat-tricks
References
2022
2022 domestic association football leagues
2022 in Canadian soccer |
The Invention of Hugo Cabret is a children's historical fiction book written and illustrated by Brian Selznick and published by Scholastic. The hardcover edition was released on January 30, 2007, and the paperback edition was released on June 2, 2008. With 284 pictures between the book's 533 pages, the book depends as much on its pictures as it does on the words. Selznick himself has described the book as "not exactly a novel, not quite a picture book, not really a graphic novel, or a flip book or a movie, but a combination of all these things". The book won the 2008 Caldecott Medal, the first novel to do so, as the Caldecott Medal is for picture books, and was adapted by Martin Scorsese as the 2011 film Hugo.
The book's primary inspiration is the true story of turn-of-the-century French pioneer filmmaker Georges Méliès, his surviving films, and his collection of mechanical, wind-up figures called automata. Selznick decided to add an Automaton to the storyline after reading Gaby Wood's 2003 book Edison's Eve, which tells the story of Edison's attempt to create a talking wind-up doll. Méliès owned a set of automata, which were sold to a museum but lay forgotten in an attic for decades. Eventually, when someone re-discovered them, they had been ruined by rainwater. At the end of his life, Méliès was destitute, even as his films were screening widely in the United States. He sold toys from a booth in a Paris railway station, which provides the setting of the story. Selznick drew Méliès's real door in the book, as well as real columns and other details from the Montparnasse railway station in Paris, France.
Plot
Before story events
In 1930s Paris, young Hugo Cabret and his father repair an automaton at the museum where his father works. When Hugo's father dies in a fire, his uncle brings him to live and work at the train station maintaining the clocks. His uncle disappears, and Hugo keeps the clocks running by himself, living inside the station walls and stealing food from the shops. He rescues the automaton from the burnt museum in hopes of restoring it.
Later, he discovers a keyhole in the shape of a heart, and works on finding the key.
Part 1
A few months later, Hugo is caught stealing from a toy booth and is forced to return his stolen tools and mechanisms, as well as his notebook containing his father's drawings of the automaton. Hugo follows the shopkeeper to his house but fails to retrieve his notebook. A girl in the house named Isabelle promises him she will make sure the notebook is not destroyed.
The next day, Hugo returns to the toy booth, where the shopkeeper tells him the notebook has been burnt; he encounters Isabelle, who assures him it is safe. Isabelle brings him to a bookshop to meet her friend Etienne, who sneaks them into the cinema; Papa Georges, the shopkeeper, has forbidden Isabelle from watching films.
Papa Georges forces Hugo to work at the toy booth, with the possibility of returning the Diary; the job further delays Hugo's clock duties. Hugo and Isabelle visit the theater but learn Etienne has been fired for sneaking children in, so Isabelle unlocks the door with a bobby pin. They are kicked out, and Hugo is almost caught by the station inspector. Isabelle asks Hugo about his life, but he runs away, fearing that sharing the truth will send him to an orphanage or prison. Isabelle chases him but trips, revealing a dog-shaped key around her neck, which Hugo realizes is the key to the auto-machine.
The next morning, Hugo learns that Isabelle has read his diary. He pickpockets the key with a technique learned from a book on magic and returns to his hidden room, where he is confronted by Isabelle. They use the key to activate the auto-machine, which produces a drawing of a rocket which has landed in one of the eyes of the "man in the Moon."
Part 2
The automaton signs its drawing “Georges Méliès”, who Isabelle reveals is Papa Georges. Believing Hugo has stolen the automaton, she runs home; Hugo follows, and inadvertently crushes his hand in the front door, and she brings him inside. Hugo notices a strangely locked drawer; Isabelle picks it open but drops the heavy box inside, breaking it and sprains her foot. Georges enters and is enraged, ripping up the drawings inside the box. After Mama Jeanne forces everyone to bed, Hugo takes the key to the toy booth back to the station.
The next day, he and Isabelle collect the money from the booth and buy medicine for Georges. Hugo visits the film academy library where Etienne now works. Hugo finds a book titled The Invention of Dreams with a drawing of the automaton, which he learns is a scene from the first movie his father ever saw, A Trip to the Moon, directed by Georges Méliès. Hugo invites Etienne and the book's author, René Tabard, to Isabelle's house later, and explains Méliès’ career to Isabelle.
At the house, Tabard and Etienne screen A Trip to the Moon, and George finally reveals his past: he was the prolific and innovative filmmaker Méliès, but after World War I, the deaths of Isabelle's parents, and the loss of most of his films in a fire, he sank into depression and burned the rest, to begin a new life at the toy booth. He also created the automaton; excited to learn it has survived, he asks Hugo to bring it to him. Hugo returns to the station, stealing breakfast from Monsieur Frick and Miss Emily as usual; overhearing that his uncle was found dead, Hugo drops the milk bottle and is discovered. He escapes and fetches the automaton, but is pursued by the station inspector. In the chase, Hugo is almost struck by a train but is pulled back by the inspector, and faints.
Hugo awakens in a cell. He reveals everything to the inspector and is released to be adopted by Georges, Mama Jean, and Isabelle. He and Méliès repair the automaton together.
Epilogue: 6 months later
Six months later, Hugo and his new family attend a grand concert including Méliès’ surviving film scenes. Onstage, Tabard acknowledges Hugo, Isabelle, and Etienne for their help in honoring Georges. In the end, it is revealed that Hugo Cabret made his own automaton that wrote and drew the entire book of The Invention of Hugo Cabret.
Main characters
Hugo Cabret
The main protagonist of the story, Hugo Cabret, who is only 12, has a great talent for working with mechanical contraptions, especially clockworks. It is mentioned in the book that he could fix almost everything. After moving to the train station after his father died, he became used to stealing food and drinks and other objects from people to survive in the walls train station, even if reluctantly. He is smart, determined, but is occasionally rude due to not having anyone for 2 years of living in the station until meeting Isabelle. He is described to have dirty and tousled hair. He cares deeply about his friend and family, especially his father, who has died.
Isabelle
The second main character in the book. After her parents died in a car crash, her godfather, Georges Méliès and godmother, Jeanne Melies adopted her. Due to the risk of Isabelle knowing that he was a movie maker until he was sent into depression and began working at the toy booth, Melies forbids her from going to the cinema. However, she is still able to watch movies since her friend, Etienne often helps sneak her in, but doesn't know who her uncle actually is, until meeting Hugo. She is described as having large black eyes, and to be slightly taller than Hugo.
Georges Méliès
Georges's parents worked on making shoes and encouraged him to do the same, yet he disliked it. When he grew into a young man and the movies were invented, he asked the Lumiere brothers, one of the first directors, to sell him a camera, they refused so Melies made his own camera out of his remaining materials from his parents' shoe company. His most famous work, A Trip to the Moon, was the first sci-fi movie ever made. He was also the director who first began using special effects in movies. Selznick made his personality to be often cold and haughty. In the drawings it is shown that by this point in the book he is in his senior years, and at the beginning of the book he is called 'the old man'.
Hugo's father
Hugo's father worked at a museum in Paris when he found the automaton. When there was a fire in the museum, he dies. Hugo is still able to continue his father's work of fixing it with his notebook. There is no mention of a mother at all, and since Hugo left with his uncle to the station, it is assumed that his mother may have died.
Georges Méliès' automaton
One of Selznick's inspirations to incorporate an automaton into the story was the book titled Edison’s Eve: A Magical Quest for Mechanical Life by Gaby Wood, which includes a chapter on Georges Méliès' collection of automata. His automata were kept in a museum in Paris but were later thrown away. Selznick's original idea was to have Hugo find an automaton in a pile of garbage and fix it. At that time, Selznick began his research on automata and the curator at the Franklin Institute allowed him to study their automaton. The history of the automaton at the institute also had a mysterious origin that was similar to what Selznick had in mind. The automaton donated to the Institute suffered major damage from a fire. It was believed at the time of donation that it was made by a French inventor named Maelzel. However, after a member of staff fixed it and got it to work, the automaton wrote at the end of a poem in French: "Ecrit par L'Automate de Maillardet" — translated as "Written by the automaton of Maillardet", revealing its true maker to be Henri Maillardet. After many different ideas, Selznick settled on the story that Hugo's father had a connection with the automaton and died before the automaton was found in a burned-out building. The automaton illustrated in the book has many elements that resemble the automaton at the institute.
Secondary characters
Uncle Claude
Hugo's uncle, who adopted and brought him to work on the clocks at the train station. He is also the reason that Hugo stopped attending school, but Hugo began school again after Georges Melies adopted him. Claude made Hugo sleep on the floor and yelled at him angrily when he made a mistake with the clocks. He smoked a lot and was an alcoholic, but unfortunately, he was found dead laying at the bottom of a lake. He was the clock timekeeper at the Paris train station, a task overtaken by Hugo after Claude's death.
Etienne
Isabelle's friend, who often sneaks her into the cinema due to her godparent's refusal. When he gave Hugo a coin to buy the book that he used for stealing Isabelle's key, he asks Hugo to guess what was behind his eye patch. Hugo guesses an eye, but Ettienne reveals that he lost his eye as a child when he was playing with fireworks. Hugo gives up on guessing, and so Etienne takes a coin from behind the eyepatch and gives him it to buy the book. The drawings in the book depicts a young man with smooth hair, a genuine smile and an eyepatch. He is polite, especially with children, but can also be mischievous, as shown when he is caught sneaking children into the cinema and when he was playing with fireworks. Etienne used to work at the cinema, but then he got fired and worked at the film academy library.
René Tabard
He was the author of The Invention of Dreams and Etienne's master at the film academy. Like most characters in the book, he enjoys the movies. A huge, probably the biggest, fan of director Georges Melies and was hired as assistant director and editor of his movies.
Jeanne Méliès
Known to Isabelle as Mama Jeanne, the wife of Georges Méliès was trusted by him to keep the heart-shaped key that began the automaton - until it got stolen by her goddaughter Isabelle. She, in her defense, said that she just thought it was pretty. Like Georges, she is in her elder years.
Madame Emile
A character who only appears twice in the book, the first time being when she found out that Hugo was stealing her and Monsieur Frick's croissant, and the second time being when she was there when Hugo was in the fugitive cell, and believed that he was telling the truth to the station inspector.
Station Inspector
Hugo has been avoiding this character ever since his uncle Claude disappeared. The first sign that the station inspector noticed of irregularity was when the clocks began to be too early and too late, even if just by seconds. That was because Hugo decided to work for Georges and didn't have time to wind the clocks. The second was when he sent a letter to Claude, asking for an interview with him, but there was no response. Finally, he decided to go see what was going on, only to have a long chase with Hugo Cabret. He is described as wearing a stylish blue uniform with a blue cap and smelling of vegetables. He is later revealed to also be an orphan and has a leg contraption to help him walk.
Film adaptation
A film adaptation, Hugo, was produced in 2011. Martin Scorsese bought the screen rights to the book in 2007, and John Logan wrote the script. Scorsese began shooting the film in London at Shepperton Studios in June 2010. It was produced in 3D, with its theatrical release on November 23, 2011, and distributed by Paramount Pictures. Asa Butterfield played the title role of Hugo Cabret, with Ben Kingsley as Georges Méliès, Chloë Grace Moretz as Isabelle and Sacha Baron Cohen as the station inspector. Jude Law, Richard Griffiths, Ray Winstone, Christopher Lee, Frances de la Tour and Helen McCrory were also featured. The film was a box office failure but received critical acclaim, scoring a 94% on Rotten Tomatoes, and 83 on Metacritic. In 2012, the film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and ended up winning five (for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects).
References
External links
Official Site
IMDb Movie Page
2007 American novels
American graphic novels
Caldecott Medal–winning works
Children's fantasy novels
American novels adapted into films
Cultural depictions of Georges Méliès
Novels about orphans
Novels set in Paris |
Bernice Weldon Sargent, (24 September 1906 – 17 December 1993) was a Canadian physicist who worked at the Manhattan Project's Montreal Laboratory during the Second World War as head of its nuclear physics division. In his 1932 doctoral thesis, he discovered the relationship between the radioactive disintegration constants of beta particle-emitting radioisotopes and corresponding logarithms of their maximum beta particle energies. These plots are known as "Sargent curves".
Biography
Bernice Weldon Sargent was born in Williamsburg, Ontario, on 24 September 1906, the son of Henry Sargent, a farmer, and his wife Ella Dillabough. He attended Chesterville High School and Morrisburg Collegiate Institute. He was awarded a Prince of Wales Entrance Scholarship and a Carter Scholarship, and entered Queen's University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with honours in mathematics and physics in 1926, and a Master of Arts degree the following year.
In 1928, Sargent was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship, which allowed him to travel to England to study at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge under Ernest Rutherford. His 1932 doctoral thesis, written under the supervision of Rutherford and Charles Drummond Ellis, on "The Disintegration Electrons", subsequently published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, described relationship between the radioactive disintegration constants of beta particle-emitting radioisotopes and corresponding logarithms of their maximum beta particle energies. These plots are today known as "Sargent curves" or "Sargent diagrams". This was used by Enrico Fermi in developing his theory of beta decay.
Sargent returned to Canada, where he became a lecturer and then an assistant professor at Queen's University. In 1941, he joined George Laurence of the National Research Council (NRC) in Ottawa to investigate nuclear energy, writing a report on "Uranium Fission in a Bulk of Carbon and Uranium Oxide". In 1943, he took a leave of absence from Queen's University to join the Anglo-Canadian Montreal Laboratory, which subsequently became part of the Manhattan Project. He became the head of its nuclear physics branch in 1945, and, after the laboratory moved to the Chalk River Laboratories in 1946, of the physics division in 1951. As such, he was involved in the design of the first Canadian nuclear reactors. For his wartime activities, Sargent was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1946. He was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal in 1953.
In 1951, Sargent left the Chalk River Laboratories to return to Queen's University as the head of its physics department and, from 1954 to 1972, as its R.S. Mclaughlin Research Professor. Under his management, the physics department expanded in size, and moved to new premises at Stirling Hall, which was built under his supervision. He stepped down as the head of the physics department in 1967, but continued teaching until he retired in 1972. He continued to perform research at Queen's and Chalk River until 1990, when his activities were curtailed due to illness.
In addition to his research activities, Sargent was a member of the Canadian Association of Physicists, serving its president from 1955 to 1956, and was an associate editor of the Canadian Journal of Physics from 1954 to 1968. He became a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1941, and was the rapporteur and later convener of its Physics Subject Division from 1964 to 1966.
Sargent died in Kingston, Ontario, on 17 December 1993. He was survived by his wife, Dorothy.
Notes
1906 births
1993 deaths
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Canadian physicists
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Manhattan Project people
Canadian people of World War II
Canadian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Canadian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Presidents of the Canadian Association of Physicists |
Hurontown is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Houghton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is located immediately south of the city of Houghton. The CDP had a population of 244 at the 2020 census.
History
A settlement at Hurontown was established in 1855 with the opening of the Huron Copper Company, which later renamed to the Houghton Mining Company and Huron Mining Company. The community was platted in 1862.
For the 2020 census, Hurontown was included as a newly-listed census-designated place.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Hurontown CDP has a total area of , all of which is land.
The CDP of Hurontown is surrounded on the west, north, and east by the city of Houghton.
Demographics
References
Census-designated places in Michigan
Census-designated places in Houghton County, Michigan
Unincorporated communities in Michigan
Unincorporated communities in Houghton County, Michigan
1862 establishments in Michigan |
Tyazhinsky (masculine), Tyazhinskaya (feminine), or Tyazhinskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Tyazhinsky District, a district of Kemerovo Oblast, Russia
Tyazhinsky (urban-type settlement), an urban-type settlement in Tyazhinsky District of Kemerovo Oblast, Russia |
The Aussie Bird Count is a project of BirdLife Australia. It is a citizen science project in which volunteers conduct bird counts around Australia.
In the 2017 bird count, almost two million birds were counted.
In 2022, the project was renamed to the Aussie Bird Count to reflect the ability to count in any outdoor space.
See also
Australian Bird Count
BioBlitz ("24-hour inventory")
Breeding Bird Survey
Christmas Bird Count (CBC) (in the Western Hemisphere)
Systematic Census of Australian Plants
Tucson Bird Count (TBC) (in Arizona in the US)
References
Bird censuses
Ornithological equipment and methods
Ornithology in Australia |
Markus Seehusen Karlsbakk (born 7 May 2000) is a Norwegian football player who plays as a central midfielder for Aalesund in Eliteserien.
Career
Aalesunds FK
He made his debut for Aalesunds on 8 July 2017 in a 3-0 loss against local rival Molde. On 23 November 2018 he signed his first professional contract with Aalesunds. On 14 March 2023 he signed an extension to his current contract which will keep him at Aalesunds until 2025.
References
2000 births
Living people
Footballers from Ålesund
Norwegian men's footballers
Aalesunds FK players
IL Hødd players
Eliteserien players
Men's association football midfielders |
Marco Falcone (born 19 February 1959) is an Italian fencer. He competed in the individual épée event at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
1959 births
Living people
Italian male fencers
Olympic fencers for Italy
Fencers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Vercelli |
Amphipyra tripartita is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in China, Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Island), and the Korean Peninsula.
The wingspan is 51–57 mm. The moth flies from July to September in one generation.
External links
Japanese moths
Insects of Korea
Amphipyrinae
Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1878 |
Mickey the Kid is a 1939 American drama film directed by Arthur Lubin and starring Bruce Cabot, Ralph Byrd and ZaSu Pitts. It was produced and distributed by Republic Pictures.
Plot
Dr. Ben Cameron is worried about 12-year-old Mickey, son of Jim Adams, a widower who leads a corrupt and complicated life. Jim rebuffs a request by Jim to have Mickey be raised by Veronica Hudson, the boy's maternal grandmother. Mickey idolizes his father and wants to remain with him.
Pulling a bank robbery, Jim shoots and kills an unarmed teller. While on the run from the law, he realizes Mickey would be better off with Veronica and leaves his son in her care. Veronica enrolls the boy in school. His teacher, Sheila Roberts, is engaged to marry Ben.
Jim sneaks into Veronica's house one night to see his son. He hides in the attic at night, then takes the boy along when he leaves. Desperate to get away, Jim hijacks a school bus filled with children. When the bus gets waylaid by a snowstorm, Jim abandons the kids and is unable to persuade Mickey to do the same. FBI agents shoot Jim, who realizes as he dies that Mickey's life will be better without him.
Cast
Bruce Cabot as Jim Adams
Jessie Ralph as Veronica
Ralph Byrd as Ben
ZaSu Pitts as Lilly
June Storey as Sheila
John Qualen as Mailman
Production
The film was known as Stand Up and Sing. It was based on the heroism of a school boy in a Colorado blizzard a few years previously. Cabot was cast in April. The title was changed in May. Filming started in May.
Reception
The Los Angeles Times called it "fairly good though slightly spotty."
Lubin considered the film "horrible" and said it was one of the eight flops in his career.
References
External links
Mickey the Kid at IMDb
Mickey the Kid at BFI
Mickey the Kid at Letterbox DVD
Mickey the Kid at TCMDB
1939 films
1939 drama films
Films directed by Arthur Lubin
American drama films
American black-and-white films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
Republic Pictures films
English-language drama films |
S79 may refer to:
County Route S79 (Bergen County, New Jersey)
Expressway S79 (Poland)
Green Sea Airport in Horry County, South Carolina, United States
, a submarine of the Israeli Navy
S79 Select Bus Service (New York City bus) serving Staten Island
Savoia-Marchetti S.79, an Italian bomber |
Sherry Wilson is a Canadian provincial politician, who is a member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. She was first elected to the legislature in 2010.
Early life
Wilson grew up on a dairy farm in Intervale, New Brunswick and attended schools in Petitcodiac. She is one of nine children. Following high school, she completed a business and secretarial course at Campbellton Community College.
Before politics
After college she began working at Hub Meat Packers in Moncton where she was Credit Manager Assistant and after moving to Edmonton, Alberta, she worked at the University Hospital in administration. She returned to Riverview and bought her own business in 1984, which she has owned for 26 years.
Wilson also volunteered for the RCMP from 1991 to 1999 as Victim Services Coordinator. In 2002 and 2003, she was the president of the Downtown Riverview Business Association and in 2004 she was elected to Riverview Town Council and was re-elected in 2008. She sat on the Codiac Regional Policing Authority Board, D.A.R.E., Tri Community Council Liaison, Immigration Board, and served as deputy mayor in 2005.
Political career
Wilson ran for a seat to the New Brunswick Legislature in the 2010 provincial election. She stood as a Progressive Conservative candidate in the electoral district of Petitcodiac.
She defeated former cabinet minister and floor crosser Wally Stiles to take back the seat for her party.
Wilson was re-elected to the 58th Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick September 22, 2014, to represent the riding of Moncton Southwest.
Since November 9, 2018, she has served as Minister of Service New Brunswick and Minister responsible for Women's Equality, in the Progressive Conservative government of Premier Blaine Higgs.
Wilson was re-elected in the 2018 and 2020 provincial elections.
References
Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick MLAs
Women government ministers of Canada
Women MLAs in New Brunswick
Living people
Members of the Executive Council of New Brunswick
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
The Forsaken is a 2001 American horror film written and directed by J. S. Cardone and distributed by Screen Gems. The film stars Kerr Smith, Brendan Fehr, Izabella Miko, and Jonathan Schaech. Conceived as a road movie with vampire hunters, the story follows a young film trailer editor on a cross-country business trip through the Arizona desert who picks up a shady hitchhiker and along the way encounters a disoriented young woman who's being stalked by a vampire cult.
Plot
Aspiring filmmaker Sean is working as a freelance driver to make ends meet. He's assigned to deliver an expensive Mercedes-Benz from Los Angeles all the way to its owner in Miami, which will also allow him to attend the wedding of his sister. He's given strict instructions not to damage the vehicle or pick up any hitchhikers.
Sean is driving cross country when he picks up Nick, a hitchhiker who happens to be a vampire hunter hunting a group of vampires led by one of the Forsaken- the first vampires. They originated as a group of knights who made a pact with the fallen angel Abaddon to live forever by drinking the blood of one their comrades. Two of the Forsaken are located in the United States (including the one Nick is tracking, Kit). Nick was bitten and infected by a vampire but, thanks to an antiviral drug cocktail, the vampire virus is being kept at bay. Each of the Forsaken carry a unique strain of vampirism; killing a Forsaken kills his entire bloodline and reverses the condition of individuals who haven’t fully turned. Nick believes that if he kills Kit, he will be cured before he turns (as the drug cocktail eventually will lose effect). At first Sean is less than willing to indulge his new acquaintance; however, he is convinced after the two come across a disoriented young woman, Megan, at a diner, who was bitten by the vampires and left for dead. Nick also proves he is telling the truth by killing a vampire, Teddy, with exposure to sunlight.
Sean and Nick take Megan to their motel room, but she goes into a rage and bites Sean; they realize they must kill the Forsaken responsible to prevent Sean from turning. Forsaken can only be slain on hallowed ground, so the three head for a Spanish mission 60 miles away. They stop at a gas station where an old woman, Ina, lets them in. She shows them a newspaper connecting Megan to a bloodbath in Arizona; when Megan wakes up and is coherent enough to talk, she explains she was a victim of the vampires' bloodbath. Kit catches up to them and lays siege to the gas station.
Sean discovers a graveyard outside and Ina explains that it is an old Spanish graveyard that was never dug up, making the house hallowed ground and thus a suitable place to kill Kit. In the ensuing battle, Sean and Nick are injured. As Kit is about to kill Ina and Megan, Sean drives his car through the gas station wall and pins Kit to the wall, hoping to hold him there until the sun rises. Kit pushes the car, Sean shoots him, knocking him into a beam of sunlight. As Kit starts to combust, Sean, Nick, Megan, and Ina flee the gas station; Kit's explosive death ignites the gas. Sean and Megan are finally cured of vampirism; however, Nick is not cured as it turns out that the vampire who bit him is descended from the other Forsaken in the United States. Nick takes to the road to try to find and kill the other Forsaken, leaving a letter of thanks for Sean. Three months later, Sean catches up to him and insists on helping, having discovered that the Forsaken is probably in Denver. The two set off for Denver.
Cast
Kerr Smith as Sean
Brendan Fehr as Nick
Izabella Miko as Megan
Johnathon Schaech as Kit
Phina Oruche as Cym
Simon Rex as Pen
Carrie Snodgress as Ina Hamm
Alexis Thorpe as Teddy
F. J. Flynn as Hoot
Sara Downing as Julie
Themes
Contemporary critics of the film have noted a homoerotic subtext between the film's two central male characters. In a 2013 retrospective on the film, the publication Culture Crossfire said of the film: "Twelve years later, there’s nothing about The Forsaken that’s particularly memorable other than the fact that it’s an in-denial coming out tale that just happens to have vampires." His Name is Death editor Albert Nowicki noted that the movie is full of phallic imagery and compared Schaech's villain to Chris Sarandon's vampiric character Jerry Dandrige from the 1985 horror comedy Fright Night. He believed that neither of the two main characters was sexually interested in Miko's Megan and that it is strongly indicated Sean and Nick develop romantic feelings towards each other.
Production
Director J.S. Cardone was influenced by Terrence Malick's Badlands (1973) and Kathryn Bigelow's vampire film Near Dark (1987) when writing The Forsaken, and said he wanted to make a "road movie" with vampires. Kerr Smith was cast in the film based on his performance as Jack McPhee, a gay teenager on the network series Dawson's Creek; Brendan Fehr was cast based on his role in the sci-fi series Roswell. Cardone cast Izabella Miko in the role of Megan, who at the time was new to the film industry. To prepare for the role, Miko, who is originally from Poland, completed accent training in order to achieve an American accent.
The film was shot on location in and around Yuma, Arizona.
Reception
The Forsaken holds a 7% approval rating on the internet review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, based on 54 reviews with the site's consensus simply stating, "It's all been done before, and done better".
Marc Savlov of The Austin Chronicle said of the film: "Like the recent Dracula 2000, The Forsaken supplies its own twist, and also like that other film it comes as less of a surprise than a bewilderment. I'll refrain from spelling it out, though I'll note that the Crusades have something to do with it and it handily doubles as an AIDS metaphor. Who'da thunk it?" Entertainment Weekly also gave the film a negative review, calling it "startlingly amateurish."
Stephen Holden of The New York Times gave a middling review of the film, calling it a "reasonably smart generic hybrid," but that it "trots out its full arsenal of shock tactics far too early in the game and squanders the suspense it has accumulated." Wesley Morris of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote: "As anonymous vampire flicks go, The Forsaken is like a store-bought costume with plastic fangs collecting dust in a Wal-Mart "Everything Must Go" bin. Imagine a tributary of Dawson's Creek snaking into the cesspool area of the Styx, and you might be able to glean a vision of The Forsaken for yourself."
Maitland McDonagh of TV Guide called the film a "hip, revisionist horror picture, which borrows liberally — and cannily — from Near Dark and The Hitcher." Neil Smith of the BBC awarded the film three out of five stars, but noted that the film "plays down the more lurid aspects of the vampire legend—no fangs, crucifixes or silver bullets—in an attempt to free the genre from its gothic roots. The problem is he inadvertently removes everything that makes the horror genre fun."
Box office
The film opened at #8 at the North American box office making $3,020,159 USD in its opening weekend. The film lost money by 53 percent in box office earnings the following week causing the film to move a notch down to #9, it became a box office bomb as the film had plummeted to the 15th spot.
See also
Vampire film
References
External links
2001 films
2001 horror films
2001 LGBT-related films
2001 thriller films
2000s American films
2000s English-language films
2000s horror thriller films
2000s monster movies
2000s road movies
American horror thriller films
American LGBT-related films
American road movies
American vampire films
Films set in Arizona
Films set in deserts
Films shot in Arizona
Films shot in Utah
Films directed by J. S. Cardone
Films with screenplays by J. S. Cardone
LGBT-related horror thriller films
Screen Gems films |
```c++
// Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
// LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at path_to_url
// See path_to_url for more information.
// MACRO: BOOST_NO_CXX11_TRAILING_RESULT_TYPES
// TITLE: C++11 trailing function result types syntax.
// DESCRIPTION: The compiler does not support the new C++11 function result types specification syntax.
namespace boost_no_cxx11_trailing_result_types {
template< typename T >
auto foo(T const& t) -> T
{
return t;
}
int test()
{
return foo(0);
}
}
``` |
Liseh Rud (, also Romanized as Līseh Rūd and Līsehrūd) is a village in Moridan Rural District, Kumeleh District, Langarud County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 544, in 155 families.
References
Populated places in Langarud County |
Newburyport Car Manufacturing Company was a street car builder in Newburyport, Massachusetts from 1887–1905. Business began with horsecars, but the company folded due to the introduction of electric street cars.
Products
SE DT streetcar
Clients
Montreal Street Railway Company
References
Newburyport Car Manufacturing Company
Horsecar manufacturers
Companies based in Newburyport, Massachusetts |
Górki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czernice Borowe, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Czernice Borowe, west of Przasnysz, and north of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Przasnysz County |
Allan Gauden (20 November 1944 – 29 April 2020) was an English professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played professionally for Sunderland, Darlington, Grimsby Town, Hartlepool United and Gillingham between 1962 and 1976, and in total made 329 appearances in the Football League, scoring 75 goals.
References
1944 births
2020 deaths
Footballers from Ashington
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Gillingham F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
English Football League players |
Candleberry tree is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
Aleurites moluccanus
Myrica cerifera, native to North and Central America and the Caribbean
Triadica sebifera, native to eastern China and Taiwan |
Allen York (born June 17, 1989) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender who played 11 games with the Columbus Blue Jackets in the National Hockey League. York was selected by the Blue Jackets in the 6th round (158th overall) of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.
Playing career
Prior to turning professional, York attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute where he played three seasons with the R.P.I. Engineers which competed in the NCAA's Division I's, ECAC Hockey conference.
On March 29, 2011, the Columbus Blue Jackets signed York to a two-year professional contract.
In his rookie professional season in 2011–12 on October 19, 2011, the Blue Jackets called up York on emergency recall from the AHL affiliate, the Springfield Falcons after injuries to Mark Dekanich and Curtis Sanford. He made his NHL debut and played his first game on October 25, 2011 against the Detroit Red Wings when Steve Mason was injured in the first period. Later in the season in a second emergency recall, on March 28, 2012 he made 29 saves for his first NHL victory, as the Columbus Blue Jackets defeated the Detroit Red Wings, 4-2.
In the following season, his final year of contract with the Blue Jackets, York remained stationed between affiliates the Springfield Falcons and Evansville IceMen of the ECHL.
A free agent from the Blue Jackets, on September 12, 2013 Allen joined the Nashville Predators training camp on a pro tryout. Unable to secure an NHL contract with Nashville, York upon his release signed to remain with the Evansville Icemen for the 2013–14 season. After an earlier single game stint with the Charlotte Checkers, on November 2, 2013, York was loaned to the Texas Stars of the AHL on a pro tryout contract before returning to the IceMen after 6 games with the Stars on December 5. Five days later, York was assigned on try-out to a short stint with the Rockford IceHogs.
On December 20, 2013, York was listed and played on team Canada's Spengler Cup roster. York played only 6 games with the IceMen before on January 14, 2014, he was traded to the South Carolina Stingrays in for future considerations. York continued his whirlwind season by later joining his fourth AHL club and sixth team in the season, in playing six game with the Syracuse Crunch on loan before returning to the Stingrays.
York was rewarded from his earlier tenure with the Crunch in signing as a free agent on one-year AHL contract with the club on July 8, 2014. After playing the first half of the 2014–15 season, with ECHL affiliate the Florida Everblades, York made his Crunch season debut on February 7, 2015 against the Springfield Falcons. On February 23, 2015, York was signed for the remainder of the season on a two-way deal with NHL affiliate, the Tampa Bay Lightning.
In the midst of the 2015–16 season, after playing with the Greenville Swamp Rabbits while under contract to the Crunch, York opted to end his professional career announcing his retirement on March 4, 2016.
Career statistics
Awards and honours
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
Camrose Kodiaks players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Charlotte Checkers (2010–) players
Chicago Express players
Columbus Blue Jackets draft picks
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Evansville IceMen players
Florida Everblades players
Greenville Swamp Rabbits players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
People from Wetaskiwin
Rockford IceHogs (AHL) players
RPI Engineers men's ice hockey players
South Carolina Stingrays players
Springfield Falcons players
Syracuse Crunch players
Texas Stars players |
Live From the Barrage is a combination music, call-in, and comedy Internet radio show/podcast hosted independently by John Houlihan since 2012, in a bar in a garage in Queens, New York. The show's slogan is: "it's Friday night and we're in fuggin' Queens". The show began on livestream (now: Vimeo Livestream) 2012-2015 (episodes 1-118) and then Radio NOPE from 2015–Present (119-Present). The format is largely talk based, ranging from music, sports, national events & more with both call-in and in-person guests.
Founded in 2012, Live From The Barrage broadcasts live at 8PM Eastern each week drawing regular listeners from around the world. Since launching the show has aired over 300 episodes and has hosted celebrity guests such as Marc Maron, DMC of (Run DMC, Billy Bragg, Steve Albini, Mike Watt, Tom Scharpling, Jon Wurster, C. J. Ramone , Pussy Riot, Eric Bachmann, & many more.
The show is noted for its irreverent tone and occasional forays into Insult comedy and a roast like atmosphere. The interplay and frequent frustration between the host and the other on-air personalities being a key part of the show. The shows feature a live weekly game hosted by producer Ryan Collison, which often involve the guests and the listeners. It also features a live news read by newsman and producer Tommy Rockstar, that is frequently interrupted by wisecracks and (frequently inebriated) commentary.
The show has been featured favorably in the New York Times and on FOX5 News in New York.
Barrage has listeners and callers around the world, from the United States and Canada, to as far afield as the U.K., Germany and Australia. Regular callers and in-studio guests of note have included Steve Albini, Matt Sweeney, Justin Foley of the Austerity Program and many others.
Background
Host Houlihan and sometime cohost Patrick Walsh both play in the New York band Risk/Reward. The show also features calls from various fans and personalities featuring parody characters such as Bill Clintron (a Bill Clinton parody), Tilda Swintron (a caricature of Tilda Swinton with a thick, clearly male, heavy New York accent) and actual NY personalities with difficult to believe nicknames. It is sometimes difficult to discern a character from a real person that also participates in the frequent poker games that occur after the show. The show's jargon includes pluralizing words that are not meant to be pluralized, referring to any manner of recording as "tapes" (CD Tapes, MP3 Tapes, Record Tapes) and appending "tron" at the end of anything that ends in the phonetic "ton".
Guests
Comedians
Marc Maron
Jim Norton
Jena Friedman
Des Bishop
Tom Scharpling
Bryan Bruner
Zoophiles
Malcolm Brenner
Musicians
Billy Bragg
DMC of (Run DMC)
Professor Griff ( Public Enemy)
Kenny Aronoff
Daxx Nielson (Cheap Trick)
Matt Sweeney (Chavez)
Erich Bachman of Archers of Loaf
Lucky Lehrer (Circle Jerks, Redd Kross, Bad Religion)
Steve Albini (Shellac, Big Black)
Bob Bert (Sonic Youth)
Kevin Kinney (Drivin N Cryin)
Guy Picciotto (Fugazi)
Jon Wurster (Superchunk, Bob Mould Band, The Mountain Goats)
Buzz Osborne (Melvins)
Richie Ramone (Ramones)
David Pajo (Slint, Zwan)
Vern Rumsey (Unwound)
Jason Loewenstein and Bob D'Amico (Sebadoh)
Phil Manley (Trans Am)
Syd Butler (Les Savy Fav)
Andrew Falkous (Future of the Left, mclusky)
Pussy Riot
Champagne Jerry
C. J. Ramone (Ramones)
Andy Shernoff (The Dictators)
Jason Narducy (Bob Mould Band, Superchunk)
Stan Demeski (The Feelies)
Clay Tarver (Chavez)
Dave Hill (Slade)
Mike Watt
Juliana Hatfield
Question Mark (? and the Mysterians)
Eugene Robinson (Oxbow)
Gregg Turner (Angry Samoans)
Doug Gillard (Guided by Voices)
Bill Janovitz (Buffalo Tom)
Steve Wynn (The Dream Syndicate)
Chip Z'Nuff (Enuff Z'Nuff)
Matt Kadane (Bedhead)
Justin Foley (The Austerity Program)
Will Johnson (Centro-Matic)
Bob Nanna (Braid, Hey Mercedes)
Tripp Lamkins (the Grifters)
Conan Neutron and the Secret Friends
Jawbox (J. Robbins, Kim Coletta, Bill Barbot, Zach Barocas)
Matt Gentling (Archers of Loaf)
The Independents
Rick Valentin (Poster Children)
Steve Myers (The Afghan Whigs)
Joe Gorelick (Garden Variety, Bluetip)
Brett White (Gren)
Lyle Hysen (Das Damen)
Jim Atkins (Jimmy Eat World)
Larry Damore (Pegboy)
Eytan Mirsky
Doug E. Beans (Murphy's Law)
Politicians
John Liu
Napoleon Harris
Randy Bryce
Paul Graziano
Actors
Richard Kline (Three's Company)
Martin Starr (Silicon Valley, Freaks and Geeks)
Jorge Pallo
Journalists
Maggie Serota
Addy Baird
Connor Kilpatrick
Authors
Howie Hubberman (The Godfather of the Sunset Strip)
Michael Finkel (The Stranger in the Woods)
Jesse Cannon
Scientists
Alex Filippenko
Documentarians
Steve Tozzi (City Gardens documentary)
Wes Orshoski (Lemmy: Motörhead documentary)
Seth Keal
Media Producers
Stuart S. Shapiro (Night Flight)
Chris Prynoski (Metalocalypse)
Music Management
Monte A. Melnick (Ramones tour manager)
Vickie Hamilton (Guns N' Roses Manager)
Noel Monk (Van Halen Road Manager)
Show staff
Current
John Houlihan – Host
Tommy Rockstar – producer, Newsman
Ryan Collison – writer, producer, Cohost, Game show host
Adam Kurzawa – producer
"Travelin' Pete" Pavicevic – writer/Producer
Patrick Walsh – Cohost
Mario Asaro – Cohost
Former
Dave Harrison – Cohost (2012-2014)
Brian Musikoff – producer, Cohost (2015-2016)
Mike "Hair Du" Howells – producer, Cohost (2012-2015)
References
External links
Official Website
Radio NOPE, Live From the Barrage's Streaming Station
Live From the Barrage Podcast Directory/XML Feed
American podcasters
American talk radio hosts
American comedy radio programs
American radio programs
2012 radio programme debuts |
William Dawson Grubb was a Tasmanian politician, lawyer, and investor in timber and mining ventures.
Grubb was born on 16 October 1817, in London, England. He first came to Tasmania in 1832, but returned to England to complete his legal qualifications. While in England, he married Marianne Beaumont.
After he returned to Tasmania in 1842, he was admitted as a barrister and solicitor to the Supreme Court of Tasmania. He was the member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council for the electorate of Tamar from 14 July 1869 to February 1879.
In addition to his successful legal practice, Grubb's main business ventures were in timber and mining. His most successful investments were in the New Native Youth and Tasmania gold mines. The Tasmania mine at Beaconsfield had paid dividends of over £700,000 by 1900, and it was one of the deepest and richest mines in Australia, by the time it closed in 1914. One of the three original shafts of the mine, commenced in 1879, was named for Grubb.
In December 1877, he was one of the buyers of the land, plant and mining lease of the Tamar Hematite Iron Company. The buyers, four wealthy Tasmanian politicians and a Launceston merchant, were then able to obtain a valuable gold mining lease adjacent to the Tasmania lease, for a small outlay. They did that under the provisions of new mining legislation, upon which the politicians had just voted. Certainly a conflict of interest, today it would be seen as corruption.
William Grubb died at Launceston, Tasmania, on 8 February 1879. He was survived by three sons and two daughters. His eldest son was Frederick William Grubb, who became the member for Tamar following his father's death.
His name was given to a colonial-era timber tramway in which he was involved, Grubb's Tramway (Mowbray). Another later colonial-era tramway, Grubb's Tramway (Zeehan), was named after his eldest son.
References
Tasmanian politicians
1817 births
1879 deaths
Members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council
19th-century Australian politicians |
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a 2000 Mandarin-language wuxia martial arts adventure film directed by Ang Lee and written for the screen by Wang Hui-ling, James Schamus, and Tsai Kuo-jung. The film stars Chow Yun-fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi, and Chang Chen. It is based on the Chinese novel of the same name serialized between 1941 and 1942 by Wang Dulu, the fourth part of his Crane Iron pentalogy.
A multinational venture, the film was made on a US$17 million budget, and was produced by Edko Films and Zoom Hunt Productions in collaboration with China Film Co-productions Corporation and Asian Union Film & Entertainment for Columbia Pictures Film Production Asia in association with Good Machine International. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 18 May 2000, and was theatrically released in the United States on 8 December. With dialogue in Standard Chinese, subtitled for various markets, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon became a surprise international success, grossing $213.5 million worldwide. It grossed US$128 million in the United States, becoming the highest-grossing foreign-language film produced overseas in American history. The film was the first foreign-language film to break the $100 million mark in the United States.
The film received universal acclaim from critics, praised for its story, direction, cinematography, and martial arts sequences. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon won over 40 awards and was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2001, including Best Picture, and won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography, receiving the most nominations ever for a non-English-language film at the time, until 2018's Roma tied this record. The film also won four BAFTAs and two Golden Globe Awards, each of them for Best Foreign Film. For retrospective years, Crouching Tiger is often cited as one of the finest wuxia films ever made and has been widely regarded one of the greatest films in the 21st century.
Plot
In Qing dynasty China, Li Mu Bai is a renowned Wudang swordsman, and his friend Yu Shu Lien, a female warrior, heads a private security company. Shu Lien and Mu Bai have long had feelings for each other, but because Shu Lien had been engaged to Mu Bai's close friend, Meng Sizhao before his death, Shu Lien and Mu Bai feel bound by loyalty to Meng Sizhao and have not revealed their feelings to each other. Mu Bai, choosing to retire from the life of a swordsman, asks Shu Lien to give his fabled 400-year-old sword "Green Destiny" to their benefactor Sir Te in Beijing. Long ago, Mu Bai's teacher was killed by Jade Fox, a woman who sought to learn Wudang secrets. While at Sir Te's place, Shu Lien meets Yu Jiaolong, or Jen, who is the daughter of the rich and powerful Governor Yu and is about to get married.
One evening, a masked thief sneaks into Sir Te's estate and steals the Green Destiny. Sir Te's servant Master Bo and Shu Lien trace the theft to Governor Yu's compound, where Jade Fox had been posing as Jen's governess for many years. Soon after, Mu Bai arrives in Beijing and discusses the theft with Shu Lien. Master Bo makes the acquaintance of Inspector Tsai, a police investigator from the provinces, and his daughter May, who have come to Beijing in pursuit of Fox. Fox challenges the pair and Master Bo to a showdown that night. Following a protracted battle, the group is on the verge of defeat when Mu Bai arrives and outmaneuvers Fox. She reveals that she killed Mu Bai's teacher because he would sleep with her, but refuse to take a woman as a disciple, and she felt it poetic justice for him to die at a woman's hand. Just as Mu Bai is about to kill her, the masked thief reappears and helps Fox. Fox kills Tsai before fleeing with the thief (who is revealed to be Jen). After seeing Jen fight Mu Bai, Fox realizes Jen had been secretly studying the Wudang manual. Fox is illiterate and could only follow the diagrams, whereas Jen's ability to read the manual allowed her to surpass her teacher in martial arts.
At night, a bandit named Lo breaks into Jen's bedroom and asks her to leave with him. In the past, when Governor Yu and his family were traveling in the western deserts of Xinjiang, Lo and his bandits raided Jen's caravan and Lo stole her comb. She pursued him to his desert cave to retrieve her comb. However, the pair soon fell in love. Lo eventually convinced Jen to return to her family, though not before telling her a legend of a man who jumped off a mountain to make his wishes come true. Because the man's heart was pure, his wish was granted and he was unharmed, but flew away never to be seen again. Lo has come now to Beijing to persuade Jen not to go through with her arranged marriage. However, Jen refuses to leave with him. Later, Lo interrupts Jen's wedding procession, begging her to leave with him. Shu Lien and Mu Bai convince Lo to wait for Jen at Mount Wudang, where he will be safe from Jen's family, who are furious with him. Jen runs away from her husband on their wedding night before the marriage can be consummated. Disguised in men's clothing, she is accosted at an inn by a large group of warriors; armed with the Green Destiny and her own superior combat skills, she emerges victorious.
Jen visits Shu Lien, who tells her that Lo is waiting for her at Mount Wudang. After an angry exchange, the two women engage in a duel. Shu Lien is the superior fighter, but Jen wields the Green Destiny and is able to destroy each weapon that Shu Lien wields, until Shu Lien finally manages to defeat Jen with a broken sword. When Shu Lien shows mercy, Jen wounds Shu Lien in the arm. Mu Bai arrives and pursues Jen into a bamboo forest, where he offers to take her as his student. Jen agrees if he can take Green Destiny from her in three moves. Mu Bai is able to take the sword in only one move, but Jen reneges on her promise, and Mu Bai throws the sword over a waterfall. Jen dives after the sword and is rescued by Fox. Fox puts Jen into a drugged sleep and places her in a cavern, where Mu Bai and Shu Lien discover her. Fox suddenly attacks them with poisoned needles. Mu Bai mortally wounds Fox, only to realize that one of the needles has hit him in the neck. Before dying, Fox confesses that her goal had been to kill Jen because Jen had hidden the secrets of Wudang's fighting techniques from her.
Contrite, Jen leaves to prepare an antidote for the poisoned dart. With his last breath, Mu Bai finally confesses his love for Shu Lien. He dies in her arms as Jen returns. Shu Lien forgives Jen, telling her to go to Lo and always be true to herself. The Green Destiny is returned to Sir Te. Jen goes to Mount Wudang and spends the night with Lo. The next morning, Lo finds Jen standing on a bridge overlooking the edge of the mountain. In an echo of the legend that they spoke about in the desert, she asks him to make a wish. Lo wishes for them to be together again, back in the desert. Jen leaps from the bridge, falling into the mists below.
Cast
Credits from British Film Institute:
Chow Yun-fat as Li Mu Bai (, )
Michelle Yeoh as Yu Shu Lien (, )
Zhang Ziyi as Jen Yu (, )
Chang Chen as Lo "Dark Cloud" Xiao Hou (, )
Lang Sihung as Sir Te (, )
Cheng Pei-pei as Jade Fox (, )
Li Fazeng as Governor Yu (, )
Wang Deming as Inspector Tsai (, )
Li Li as Tsai May (, )
Hai Yan as Madam Yu (, )
Gao Xi'an as Bo (, )
Huang Suying as Aunt Wu (, )
Zhang Jinting as De Lu (, )
Du Zhenxi as Uncle Jiao (, )
Li Kai as Gou Jun Pei (, )
Feng Jianhua as Shining Phoenix Mountain Gou (, )
Ma Zhongxuan as Iron Arm Mi (, )
Li Bao-Cheng as Flying Machete Chang (, )
Yang Yongde as Monk Jing (, )
Themes and interpretations
Title
The title "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" is a literal translation of the Chinese idiom "臥虎藏龍" which describes a place or situation that is full of unnoticed masters. It is from a poem of the ancient Chinese poet Yu Xin (513–581) that reads "暗石疑藏虎，盤根似臥龍", which means "behind the rock in the dark probably hides a tiger, and the coiling giant root resembles a crouching dragon". The title also has several other layers of meaning. On one level, the Chinese characters in the title connect to the narrative that the last character in Xiaohu and Jiaolong's names mean "tiger" and "dragon", respectively. On another level, the Chinese idiomatic phrase is an expression referring to the undercurrents of emotion, passion, and secret desire that lie beneath the surface of polite society and civil behavior, which alludes to the film's storyline.
Gender roles
The success of the Disney animated feature Mulan (1998) popularized the image of the Chinese woman warrior in the west. The storyline of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is mostly driven by the three female characters. In particular, Jen is driven by her desire to be free from the gender role imposed on her, while Shu Lien, herself oppressed by the gender role, tries to lead Jen back into the role deemed appropriate for her. Some prominent martial arts disciplines are traditionally held to have been originated by women, e.g., Wing Chun. The film's title refers to masters one does not notice, which necessarily includes mostly women, and therefore suggests the advantage of a female bodyguard.
Poison
Poison is also a significant theme in the film. The Chinese word "毒" (dú) means not only physical poison but also cruelty and sinfulness. In the world of martial arts, the use of poison is considered an act of one who is too cowardly and dishonorable to fight; and indeed, the only character who explicitly fits these characteristics is Jade Fox. The poison is a weapon of her bitterness and quest for vengeance: she poisons the master of Wudang, attempts to poison Jen, and succeeds in killing Mu Bai using a poisoned needle. In further play on this theme by the director, Jade Fox, as she dies, refers to the poison from a young child, "the deceit of an eight-year-old girl", referring to what she considers her own spiritual poisoning by her young apprentice Jen. Li Mu Bai himself warns that, without guidance, Jen could become a "poison dragon".
China of the imagination
The story is set during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), but it does not specify an exact time. Lee sought to present a "China of the imagination" rather than an accurate vision of Chinese history. At the same time, Lee also wanted to make a film that Western audiences would want to see. Thus, the film is shot for a balance between Eastern and Western aesthetics. There are some scenes showing uncommon artistry for the typical martial arts film such as an airborne battle among wispy bamboo plants.
Production
The film was adapted from the novel Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon by Wang Dulu, serialized between 1941 and 1942 in Qingdao Xinmin News. The novel is the fourth in a sequence of five. In the contract reached between Columbia Pictures and Ang Lee and Hsu Li-kong, they agreed to invest US$6 million in filming, but the stipulated recovery amount must be more than six times before the two parties will start to pay dividends.
Casting
Shu Qi was Ang Lee's first choice for the role of Jen, but she turned it down.
Filming
Although its Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film was presented to Taiwan, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was in fact an international co-production between companies in four regions: the Chinese company China Film Co-production Corporation, the American companies Columbia Pictures Film Production Asia, Sony Pictures Classics, and Good Machine, the Hong Kong company Edko Films, and the Taiwanese Zoom Hunt Productions, as well as the unspecified United China Vision and Asia Union Film & Entertainment, created solely for this film.
The film was made in Beijing, with location shooting in Urumchi, Western Provinces, Taklamakan Plateau,
Shanghai and Anji of China. The first phase of shooting was in the Gobi Desert where it consistently rained. Director Ang Lee noted, "I didn't take one break in eight months, not even for half a day. I was miserable—I just didn't have the extra energy to be happy. Near the end, I could hardly breathe. I thought I was about to have a stroke." The stunt work was mostly performed by the actors themselves and Ang Lee stated in an interview that computers were used "only to remove the safety wires that held the actors" aloft. "Most of the time you can see their faces," he added. "That's really them in the trees."
Another compounding issue was the difference between accents of the four lead actors: Chow Yun-fat is from Hong Kong and speaks Cantonese natively; Michelle Yeoh is from Malaysia and grew up speaking English and Malay, so she learned the Standard Chinese lines phonetically; Chang Chen is from Taiwan and he speaks Standard Chinese in a Taiwanese accent. Only Zhang Ziyi spoke with a native Mandarin accent that Ang Lee wanted. Chow Yun Fat said, on "the first day [of shooting], I had to do 28 takes just because of the language. That's never happened before in my life."
The film specifically targeted Western audiences rather than the domestic audiences who were already used to Wuxia films. As a result, high-quality English subtitles were needed. Ang Lee, who was educated in the West, personally edited the subtitles to ensure they were satisfactory for Western audiences.
Soundtrack
The score was composed by Dun TAN in 1999. It was played for the movie by the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra, the Shanghai National Orchestra and the Shanghai Percussion Ensemble. It features solo passages for cello played by Yo-Yo Ma. The "last track" ("A Love Before Time") features Coco Lee, who later sang it at the Academy Awards. The composer Chen Yuanlin also collaborated in the project. The music for the entire film was produced in two weeks. Tan the next year (2000) adapted his filmscore as a cello concerto called simply "Crouching Tiger."
Release
Marketing
The film was adapted into a video game and a series of comics, and it led to the original novel being adapted into a 34-episode Taiwanese television series. The latter was released in 2004 as New Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon for Northern American release.
Home media
The film was released on VHS and DVD on 5 June 2001 by Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment. It was also released on UMD on 26 June 2005. In the United Kingdom, it was watched by viewers on television in 2004, making it the year's most-watched foreign-language film on television.
Restoration
The film was re-released in a 4K restoration by Sony Pictures Classics in 2023.
Reception
Box office
The film premiered in cinemas on 8 December 2000, in limited release within the United States. During its opening weekend, the film opened in 15th place, grossing $663,205 in business, showing at 16 locations. On 12 January 2001, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon premiered in cinemas in wide release throughout the U.S., grossing $8,647,295 in business, ranking in sixth place. The film Save the Last Dance came in first place during that weekend, grossing $23,444,930. The film's revenue dropped by almost 30% in its second week of release, earning $6,080,357. For that particular weekend, the film fell to eighth place, screening in 837 theaters. Save the Last Dance remained unchanged in first place, grossing $15,366,047 in box-office revenue. During its final week in release, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon opened in a distant 50th place with $37,233 in revenue. The film went on to top out domestically at $128,078,872 in total ticket sales through a 31-week theatrical run. Internationally, the film took in an additional $85,446,864 in box-office business for a combined worldwide total of $213,525,736. For 2000 as a whole, the film cumulatively ranked at a worldwide box-office performance position of 19.
Critical response
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was widely acclaimed in the Western world, receiving numerous awards. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 98% based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 8.6/10. The site's critical consensus states: "The movie that catapulted Ang Lee into the ranks of upper echelon Hollywood filmmakers, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon features a deft mix of amazing martial arts battles, beautiful scenery, and tasteful drama." Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 94 out of 100, based on 32 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".
Some Chinese-speaking viewers were bothered by the accents of the leading actors. Neither Chow (a native Cantonese speaker) nor Yeoh (who was born and raised in Malaysia) spoke Mandarin Chinese as a mother tongue. All four main actors spoke Standard Chinese with vastly different accents: Chow speaks with a Cantonese accent, Yeoh with a Malaysian accent, Chang Chen with a Taiwanese accent, and Zhang Ziyi with a Beijing accent. Yeoh responded to this complaint in a 28 December 2000, interview with Cinescape. She argued, "My character lived outside of Beijing, and so I didn't have to do the Beijing accent." When the interviewer, Craig Reid, remarked, "My mother-in-law has this strange Sichuan-Mandarin accent that's hard for me to understand," Yeoh responded: "Yes, provinces all have their very own strong accents. When we first started the movie, Cheng Pei Pei was going to have her accent, and Chang Zhen was going to have his accent, and this person would have that accent. And in the end nobody could understand what they were saying. Forget about us, even the crew from Beijing thought this was all weird."
The film led to a boost in popularity of Chinese wuxia films in the western world, where they were previously little known, and led to films such as Hero and House of Flying Daggers, both directed by Zhang Yimou, being marketed towards Western audiences. The film also provided the breakthrough role for Zhang Ziyi's career, who noted:
Film Journal noted that Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon "pulled off the rare trifecta of critical acclaim, boffo box-office and gestalt shift", in reference to its ground-breaking success for a subtitled film in the American market.
Accolades
Gathering widespread critical acclaim at the Toronto and New York film festivals, the film also became a favorite when Academy Awards nominations were announced in 2001. The film was screened out of competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. The film received ten Academy Award nominations, which was the highest ever for a non-English language film, up until it was tied by Roma (2018).
The film is ranked at number 497 on Empire's 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time. and at number 66 in the magazine's 100 Best Films of World Cinema, published in 2010.
In 2010, the Independent Film & Television Alliance selected the film as one of the 30 Most Significant Independent Films of the last 30 years.
In 2016, it was voted the 35th-best film of the 21st century as picked by 177 film critics from around the world in a poll conducted by BBC.
The film was included in BBC's 2018 list of The 100 greatest foreign language films ranked by 209 critics from 43 countries around the world. In 2019, The Guardian ranked the film 51st in its 100 best films of the 21st century list.
Sequel
A sequel to the film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny, was released in 2016. It was directed by Yuen Wo-ping, who was the action choreographer for the first film. It is a co-production between Pegasus Media, China Film Group Corporation, and the Weinstein Company. Unlike the original film, the sequel was filmed in English for international release and dubbed into Chinese for Chinese releases.
Sword of Destiny is based on Iron Knight, Silver Vase, the next (and last) novel in the Crane–Iron Pentalogy. It features a mostly new cast, headed by Donnie Yen. Michelle Yeoh reprised her role from the original. Zhang Ziyi was also approached to appear in Sword of Destiny but refused, stating that she would only appear in a sequel if Ang Lee were directing it.
In the West, the sequel was for the most part not shown in theaters, instead being distributed direct-to-video by the streaming service Netflix.
Posterity
The theme of Janet Jackson's song "China Love" was related to the film by MTV News, in which Jackson sings of the daughter of an emperor in love with a warrior, unable to sustain relations when forced to marry into royalty.
The names of the pterosaur genus Kryptodrakon and the ceratopsian genus Yinlong (both meaning "hidden dragon" in Greek and Chinese respectively) allude to the film.
The character of Lo, or "Dark Cloud" the desert bandit, influenced the development of the protagonist of the Prince of Persia series of video games.
In the video game Def Jam Fight for NY: The Takeover there are two hybrid fighting styles that pay homage to this movie. Which have the following combinations: Crouching tiger (Martial Arts + Streetfighting + Submissions) and Hidden Dragon (Martial Arts + Streetfighting + Kickboxing).
See also
Anji County
Clear waters and green mountains
References
Further reading
– Collection of articles
External links
2000 films
2000 fantasy films
2000 martial arts films
2000s adventure films
American martial arts films
Martial arts fantasy films
BAFTA winners (films)
Best Film HKFA
Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners
Best Foreign Language Film BAFTA Award winners
Best Foreign Language Film Golden Globe winners
Chinese martial arts films
Films based on Chinese novels
Films directed by Ang Lee
Films scored by Tan Dun
Films set in 18th-century Qing dynasty
Films set in Beijing
Films set in the 1770s
Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award
Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award
Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award
Films whose director won the Best Direction BAFTA Award
Films whose director won the Best Director Golden Globe
Films with screenplays by James Schamus
Georges Delerue Award winners
Hong Kong martial arts films
Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation winning works
Independent Spirit Award for Best Film winners
Toronto International Film Festival People's Choice Award winners
Magic realism films
2000s Mandarin-language films
Nebula Award for Best Script-winning works
Sony Pictures Classics films
Taiwanese martial arts films
Wuxia films
2000s American films
2000s Chinese films
2000s Hong Kong films
Chinese-language American films |
I Love You () is a 2005 Croatian drama film directed and written by Dalibor Matanić.
Plot
Krešo is a successful young copywriter who works for a marketing company in Zagreb. He largely ignores his girlfriend Ana, preferring to spend time with his high school friends in rounds of alcohol, drugs and sex.
When one day Krešo causes a death of a woman while driving under the influence, and gets infected with HIV from a subsequent blood transfusion, his life is turned upside down. He is left by his girlfriend, fired from his job, and gradually abandoned by his friends until he meets a good-natured waitress...
Cast
Krešimir Mikić – Krešo
Ivana Roščić – Waitress
Ivana Krizmanić – Ana
Zrinka Cvitešić – Squash girl
Nataša Janjić – Nataša
Bojan Navojec – Žac
Leon Lučev – Mario
Angelo Jurkas – Robi
Ana Stunić – Escort girl
Božidar Orešković – Krešo's father
Biserka Ipša – Krešo's mother
Reception
In a favorable 2007 review in The New York Times, Jeannette Catsoulis describes the film as a "bleak drama [which] is an unusually perceptive scrutiny of absence and emptiness", emphasized further by gray and pastel tones of Branko Linta's cinematography.
Croatian Film Association's database of Croatian films describes I Love You as a film with a modern style, dealing with an interesting and somewhat intriguing topic, but notes its one-dimensionality and predictability, arguing that characterization and depth were sacrificed in favor of the film's visual style.
Ronnie Scheib from Variety called the film uneven, with perfect tech credits, music, ambience and visuals, good delivery of leading actors, but generally unconvincing plot.
References
External links
2005 films
2005 drama films
2000s Croatian-language films
Films directed by Dalibor Matanić
HIV/AIDS in film
Films set in Zagreb
Croatian drama films |
Dataism is a term that has been used to describe the mindset or philosophy created by the emerging significance of big data. It was first used by David Brooks in The New York Times in 2013. The term has been expanded to describe what historian Yuval Noah Harari, in his book Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow from 2015, calls an emerging ideology or even a new form of religion, in which "information flow" is the "supreme value".
History
"If you asked me to describe the rising philosophy of the day, I'd say it is Data-ism", wrote David Brooks in The New York Times in February 2013. Brooks argued that in a world of increasing complexity, relying on data could reduce cognitive biases and "illuminate patterns of behavior we haven't yet noticed".
In 2015, Steve Lohr's book Data-ism looked at how Big Data is transforming society, using the term to describe the Big Data revolution.
In his 2016 book Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari argues that all competing political or social structures can be seen as data processing systems: "Dataism declares that the universe consists of data flows, and the value of any phenomenon or entity is determined by its contribution to data processing" and "we may interpret the entire human species as a single data processing system, with individual humans serving as its chips." According to Harari, a Dataist should want to "maximise dataflow by connecting to more and more media". Harari predicts that the logical conclusion of this process is that, eventually, humans will give algorithms the authority to make the most important decisions in their lives, such as whom to marry and which career to pursue. Harari argues that Aaron Swartz could be called the "first martyr" of Dataism.
Criticism
Commenting on Harari's characterisation of Dataism, security analyst Daniel Miessler believes that Dataism does not present the challenge to the ideology of liberal humanism that Harari claims, because humans will simultaneously be able to believe in their own importance and that of data.
Harari himself raises some criticisms, such as the problem of consciousness, which Dataism is unlikely to illuminate. Humans may also find out that organisms are not algorithms, he suggests. Dataism implies that all data is public, even personal data, to make the system work as a whole, which is a factor that's already showing resistance today.
Other analysts, such as Terry Ortleib, have looked at the extent to which Dataism poses a dystopian threat to humanity.
The Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal showed how political leaders manipulated Facebook's users' data to build specific psychological profiles that went on to manipulate the network. A team of data analysts reproduced the AI technology developed by Cambridge Analytica around Facebook's data and was able to define the following rules: 10 likes enables a machine to know a person like a coworker, 70 likes like a friend would, 150 likes like a parent would, 300 likes like a lover would, and beyond it may be possible to know a people better than they know themselves.
See also
Transhumanism
Futurism
Surveillance capitalism
Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
References
External links
Techopedia definition of Dataism
Wired: 'Homo sapiens is an obsolete algorithm': by Yuval Noah Harari
Steve Lohr on Data-ism
Digital Revolution
Philosophy of life
Philosophical schools and traditions
Big data
Posthumanism
Data
Philosophy of computer science
Philosophy of artificial intelligence |
Gilford Hicks "Gil" Martin Jr. (born September 17, 1960) is an American NASCAR crew chief. He was employed at Richard Childress Racing as the Competition Director of the NASCAR Xfinity Series Shop, formerly the owner of FILMAR Racing and the crew chief for the No. 29 Sprint Cup Series car, driven by Kevin Harvick. At RCR he was crew chief for Robby Gordon, Clint Bowyer, and Kevin Harvick, winning with all three. Taking an early retirement in 2017, he returned to racing in 2022 in the TransAm series with a Harvick associated driver. He is the first NASCAR crew chief to win in all three divisions of Cup, Nationwide, and Truck Series, and in 2023 got his first win in the TransAm series. He has over 20 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series wins (counting non-points races) and one of the most successful crew chiefs in NASCAR over all three series. He is married to wife Ronda and has one son, Ford Martin.
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
NASCAR crew chiefs |
Bemokotra is a town and commune () in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Maevatanana, which is a part of Betsiboka Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 5,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 70% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 22% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts and sweet potatoes. Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 7% of the population.
References and notes
Populated places in Betsiboka |
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal.
History
The journal was established in 1820 as the Philadelphia Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences by Nathaniel Chapman. A new series was started in 1825 under the editorship of Chapman along with William Potts Dewees and John D. Godman. In 1827, the editorship passed to Isaac Hays, who gave it its present name, and helped make it one of the most important American medical journals of the 19th century.
In 1984, the Southern Society for Clinical Investigation became the journal's sponsor. In 1994, 21 percent of submissions came from outside the United States. On the 175th anniversary, the February 1, 1995 issue featured a photograph of Volume 1 from 1820, a brief history and three classic articles were critiqued by contemporary scholars:
Leo Buerger "Thrombo-angiitis Obliterans: A Study of the Vascular Lesions Leading to Presenile Spontaneous Gan-grene," 136 (1908); critiqued by David A. Cutler and Marschall S. Runge of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
E. Libman and H. L. Celler's "The Etiology of Subacute Infectious Endocarditis," - critiqued by Edward Hook Jr., of the University of Virginia
Norman M. Keith, Henry P. Wagener and Nelson W Barker's "Some Different Types of Essential Hypertension and the Cause and Prognosis," critiqued by Harriet Dustan of the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Regarding these critiques, Martinez-Maldonado said:
Modern journal
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences is currently published monthly by Elsevier. The 2018 impact factor was 1.962, with a rank of 65th of 160 medical journals. As of 2017, the editor in chief is Jesse Roman of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia Pennsylvania.
Notable contributors, notable articles
Samuel George Morton published his first medical essay in the 1825 journal.
Henry Jacob Bigelow. "Dr. Harlow's case of Recovery from the passage of an Iron Bar through the Head." 20:13-22 (1850). This was only the second significant article published on Phineas Gage and his 1848 accident, but the first to create significant awareness of the case, thanks to the American Journal's prominence. (The first article on Gage, by Dr. John Martyn Harlow himself, had appeared in 1848 in the Boston Medical & Surgical Journal, at the time arguably a less visible publication—though it is now the New England Journal of Medicine.)
G. Kenneth Mallory and Soma Weiss described the first 15 cases of Mallory-Weiss syndrome in 1929.
References
Further reading
External links
Journal website
Publications established in 1820
General medical journals
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins academic journals
Monthly journals |
The Mall at Sierra Vista is an indoor shopping center in Sierra Vista, Arizona, United States owned and managed by Kohan Retail Investment Group. It was constructed during the late 1990s. Sierra Vista was one of the fastest-growing communities in Arizona and the major population center for southeastern Arizona. The developers had hoped to market to the growing community, which had no other malls. It was the first major mall to be built in southeastern Arizona, with of retail space.
This regional mall serves a large portion of southeastern Arizona and northern parts of the Mexican state of Sonora. A recent survey indicated that as much as 30% of the mall's shoppers come from Sonora, traveling as far away as Nacozari and Cumpas, south of the border, just to shop there.
In addition to shopping, the Mall at Sierra Vista hosts the annual Festival of Trees, the Festival of Giving,<ref name="Ory2">Ory, Laura (2007-10-28). "Habitat for Humanity group gets a new home" The Sierra Vista Herald. Last accessed 2007-11-26.</ref> and an annual Car Show for the Boys and Girls Club. The Mall merits a mention in Ethel Jackson Price's 2003 book, Sierra Vista: a Young City with a Past''.
In 2015, Sears Holdings spun off 235 of its properties, including the Sears at The Mall as Sierra Vista, into Seritage Growth Properties. On October 15, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 142 stores nationwide. In January 2019, Seritage listed the Sears property for sale due to limited redevelopment opportunities.
In May 2019, the mall was listed for sale; For 2 years, no buyer has been found. Then in July 2021, Kohan Retail Investment Group purchased the mall alongside 6 other malls from Brookfield Asset Management.
Anchors
Cinemark 10 (34,778 sq ft.)
Dillard's (101,123 sq ft.)
Best Buy (20,512 sq ft.)
References
External links
Official site
Shopping malls in Arizona
Buildings and structures in Cochise County, Arizona
Tourist attractions in Cochise County, Arizona
Shopping malls established in 1999
Sierra Vista, Arizona
1999 establishments in Arizona
Kohan Retail Investment Group |
Pasir Pelangi Royal Mosque () is a Johor's royal mosque located in Pasir Pelangi, Johor Bahru District, Johor, Malaysia. It was constructed in the 1920s. The mosque bears a similar architectural design to the Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque.
See also
Islam in Malaysia
Mosques in Johor Bahru
Mosques completed in the 1920s |
Aegina rosea is a species of hydrozoan of the family Aeginidae. It is one of two species in the genus Aegina, which was believed to be monotypic, until molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that Aegina rosea was a second species.
Description
Aegina rosea is circular with a large stomach, two rectangular stomach pouches. It has jagged margins between each of its tentacles, of which there are 5 or 6. The tentacles have nematocysts and are capable of clasping. Its stomach and stomach pouches are magenta, while the tentacles are yellow. It was originally found in the Pacific Northwest and has since been found in the Central Pacific Basin. Its maximum size is believed to be at least 32 millimeters in diameter.
References
Animals described in 1829
Aeginidae |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package main
import (
"io"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"k8s.io/kops/cmd/kops/util"
)
func NewCmdValidate(f *util.Factory, out io.Writer) *cobra.Command {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "validate",
Short: validateClusterShort,
}
// create subcommands
cmd.AddCommand(NewCmdValidateCluster(f, out))
return cmd
}
``` |
Tabanus proximus is a species of horse flies in the family Tabanidae.
Subspecies
Tabanus proximus benedictus Whitney, 1904
Tabanus proximus proximus Walker, 1848
References
Tabanidae
Insects described in 1848
Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)
Diptera of North America |
Snydertown is a borough in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2010 census, the borough population was 339.
History
The first owner of property in Snydertown was Godfrey Rockefeller. His land passed into the hands of Joseph Snyder, for whom Snydertown is named. Snydertown was incorporated from Shamokin Township in 1871.
Geography
Snydertown is located at (40.873399, -76.670632). According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.0 km2), all land.
Shamokin Creek passes through Snydertown. Most of Snydertown's terrain is hilly, but is flat near Shamokin Creek. Most of the land in the borough is forest, but there is some farmland.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 357 people, 136 households, and 99 families residing in the borough. The population density was . There were 143 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the borough was 99.16% White, 0.56% Asian, and 0.28% from two or more races.
There were 136 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.5% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 23.8% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 113.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $40,250, and the median income for a family was $41,563. Males had a median income of $30,000 versus $20,625 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $15,107. About 5.9% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
References
Populated places established in 1796
Boroughs in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
1871 establishments in Pennsylvania |
Scholander Island () is an island 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) east of Watkins Island, Biscoe Islands. Mapped from air photos taken by Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) (1956–57). Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Per F. Scholander, American physiologist who has investigated many aspects of polar physiology.
See also
List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands
Islands of the Biscoe Islands |
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 21 May 1982. They were first elections for the National Assembly since independence in 1977, and were open only to the People's Rally for Progress, which had become the country's sole legal party the previous year. The RPP put forward a list of 65 candidates for the 65 seats, which was approved by 100% of voters with a turnout of 92.4%.
Results
References
Djibouti
Parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections in Djibouti
One-party elections
Single-candidate elections
Djibouti |
Le train bleu is a one-act ballet choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska to music by Darius Milhaud for Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, based on a scenario by Jean Cocteau. The title was taken from the night train called Le Train Bleu, which transported wealthy passengers from Calais to the Mediterranean Sea.
The ballet is set on the fashionable French Riviera and has a sporting theme, with swimmers, tennis players, and weight lifters. Henri Laurens supplied a Cubist beach scene and Coco Chanel outfitted the cast in sportswear. The curtain was painted after Deux femmes courant sur la plage, a 1922 work by Pablo Picasso.
The ballet was first performed on 20 June 1924 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris, with Nijinska, who played a tennis player based on Suzanne Lenglen, Lydia Sokolova, Anton Dolin and Leon Woizikowski in the leading roles. The orchestra was conducted by André Messager.
Notes
Richard Buckle's biography of Diaghilev made a mistake in citing the setting as Deauville. Deauville was a fashionable resort in Normandy, and it was not on the line of the Blue Train.
References
Au, Susan (2002). Ballet and Modern Dance. Thames and Hudson Ltd.
Grumbach, Didier (2008). Histoires de la mode. Paris: Éditions du Regard.
New York Times article by Gay Morris, 4 March 1990
Ballets by Darius Milhaud
Ballets by Bronislava Nijinska
Ballets by Jean Cocteau
Ballets designed by Coco Chanel
1924 ballet premieres
Works about rail transport |
Now Is Another Time is an album by saxophonist David Murray's Latin Big Band released on the Canadian Justin Time label.
Reception
The Allmusic review by Glenn Astarita awarded the album 4½ stars stating "Murray is in top form, evidenced by his climactically driven soloing endeavors -- where he peaks within the upper registers -- via an unrelenting pace. It's all about perpetual motion topped off with a festive sentiment, marked by oscillating Afro-Cuban grooves and a few poignant interludes here and there. But the musicians also utilize space to their advantage, where they often allow any given soloist, ample breathing room to reconfigure previously explored themes. Folks, this is the real deal. An awe-inspiring effort, indeed!" JazzTimes observed "Murray, unlike most Latin saxophonists, is not what you would consider an in-clave type of player. He often plays on top of the rhythm rather than getting inside. Still, there is much excitement here". All About Jazz said "When this band is on-target, the results are inspiring. It's too bad they are not consistent in that regard, because the project has enormous potential. Listeners curious about Cuban music, especially its rhythmic element, are likely to find some tasty nuggets here regardless".
Track listing
All compositions by David Murray
"Crystal" - 8:32
"Aerol's Change" - 7:18
"Blue Muse" - 9:11
"Break Out" - 11:15
"Mambo Dominica" - 9:31
"Giovanni's Mission" - 6:34
"Sad Kind of Love" - 20:04
Personnel
David Murray - tenor saxophone
Cesar Lopez Martinez (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Ernesto Varona Rodriguez German (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), German Fermin (tracks 1 & 4), Roman Feliu O'Reilly (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Valazco Urdeliz (tracks 1 & 4), Velasco Urdeliz (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7) - alto saxophone
Irvin Luichel Acao Sierra, Orlando Sanchez Soto - tenor saxophone (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7)
Hamiet Bluiett (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Moises Marquez Loyva (tracks 1 & 4) - baritone saxophone
Jose Luis Cortez, Kahil-Ikshr Smith - flute (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7)
Hugh Ragin (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Alexander Brown Cabrera, Bacilio Bernardo Marquez (tracks 1 & 4), Carmelo Andres (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Cristobal Ferrer (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Elpidio Chappotin Elgado(tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Rafael Gavilan (tracks 1 & 4) - trumpet
Craig Harris (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Amaury Perez Rodriguez (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Boris Sarmiento (tracks 1 & 4), Denis Cuni Rodriguez (tracks 1 & 4), Heikel Fabian Triminio (tracks 1 & 4), Leonardo Alarcon Henville (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Sergio Ricardo Luna Longchamp (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7) - trombone
Carcasses Colon (tracks 1 & 4), Emilio Morales(tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Luis Manuel Guerra Crespo (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Miguel Angel De Armas (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Roberto Julio (tracks 1 & 4), Tony Perez (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7) - piano
Feliciano Arango Noa (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Narciso Jorge (tracks 1 & 4), Reyes Hernandez (tracks 1 & 4) - bass
Giraldo Piloto (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Olivier Valdes Rey (tracks 1 & 4) - drums
Jorge Luis Guerra - guiro (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7)
Adel Gonzales Gomez (tracks 1 & 4), Evelio Ramos Delfin (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7), Tomas Ramos Ortiz (tracks 2, 3 & 5-7) - congas
Jose Luis Quintana Fuerte "Changuito" - timbales (track 2)
Production credits
Dany Gignoux – booklet, photography
References
2003 albums
Justin Time Records albums
David Murray (saxophonist) albums |
Kamil Majchrzak (; born 13 January 1996) is an inactive Polish professional tennis player. He has a career high ATP singles ranking of World No. 75 achieved on 28 February 2022 and a career high ATP doubles ranking of World No. 241 achieved on 8 August 2016.
Junior career
Partnered with Martin Redlicki, Majchrzak won the 2013 US Open boys' doubles title by defeating Quentin Halys and Frederico Ferreira Silva in the final.
Professional career
2019: Grand Slam debut and first two wins, Top 100
During the 2019 Australian Open, Majchrzak advanced through the qualifying to reach the 1st round. He won the first two sets against top-10 player Kei Nishikori, but then was forced to retire due to an injury.
In March 2019 Majchrzak celebrated his maiden Challenger triumph at the 2019 Open Harmonie mutuelle in St. Brieuc, France. Two months later he advanced to the 2019 Prosperita Open final with wins over Riccardio Bonadio, Zsombor Piros, No. 5 seeded Dennis Novak, top seed Lloyd Harris and Jannik Sinner to lift his second ATP Challenger trophy.
Majchrzak made the semifinals of the 2019 Ilkley Trophy Challenger and then qualified for Wimbledon without dropping a set. In the first round at Wimbledon he lost to Fernando Verdasco. At the 2019 Hall of Fame Open in Rhode Island he defeated Alastair Gray before losing a three set match to No. 1 seed John Isner in the second round. As a result, he reached the top 100 on 29 July 2019.
At the 2019 US Open, Majchrzak lost in the final round of qualifying. With the sudden withdrawal of Milos Raonic, he came in as a lucky loser, and defeated Nicolás Jarry and Pablo Cuevas – both in five-set thrillers to reach the third round at a Grand Slam for the first time in his career. He fell to Grigor Dimitrov in straight sets in the third round. He reached a new career-high of No. 83 on 23 September.
2020: Inaugural ATP Cup, Injury and return
At the start of the year, Majchrzak participated in the inaugural 2020 ATP Cup before suffering from a broken pelvic bone. Subsequently, Majchrzak had to withdraw from the 2020 Australian Open and Maharashtra Open due to a groin injury. He would not compete again for more than seven months.
In August he returned to tennis and participated at the US Open where he lost to Ernesto Escobedo in the first round. He then transitioned to clay courts and on 13 September 2020 won his third Challenger title at the 2020 Czech Open. In the final, he defeated top seed and defending champion Pablo Andújar.
Majchrzak entered at the 2020 French Open with a protected ranking. In the first round he lost to 15th seeded Karen Khachanov.
2021: Masters & Olympics debut, First ATP quarterfinal
Majchrzak started his season at the 2021 Great Ocean Road Open in Melbourne, Australia, which was organized as a lead-up tournament to the 2021 Australian Open. He entered under a protected ranking and in the first round defeated Laslo Đere in straight sets.
He used his protected ranking as well to enter the main draw of the 2021 French Open and also reached the second round with a win over Arthur Cazaux.
Majchrzak qualified to represent Poland at the 2020 Summer Olympics where he was defeated by Miomir Kecmanović in the first round.
Majchrzak qualified at the 2021 Sofia Open as a lucky loser after the withdrawal of fourth seed Alexander Bublik. He reached the quarterfinals of an ATP tournament for the first time in his career by defeating wildcard Dimitar Kuzmanov.
2022–2023: ATP Cup semifinalist, top 75, doping suspension
At the 2022 ATP Cup, Majchrzak won all his three matches and helped Poland reach the semifinals for the first time, before testing positive for COVID-19 and having to withdraw late from the tournament. As a result, he was unable to participate at the 2022 Australian Open qualifications where he was seeded fourth and thus possibly missing the first Grand Slam of the year. He nevertheless entered the main draw after replacing Jenson Brooksby who withdrew due to COVID-19. He reached the second round for the first time at this Major with a win over Andreas Seppi. Majchrzak lost to Alex de Minaur in the second round.
At the 2022 Tata Open Maharashtra he reached the semifinals of an ATP tournament for the first time in his career defeating second seed Lorenzo Musetti. As a result, he reached the top 75 in the rankings on 28 February 2022.
In May at the 2022 Geneva Open he clinched the biggest win of his career defeating 8th seed and World No. 41 Alexander Bublik in the first round in straight sets.
He reached the quarterfinals only for the third time in his career defeating qualifier Marco Cecchinato.
In September at the 2022 Sofia Open he reached his third tour-level quarterfinal of the season, for a second year in a row, defeating Ričardas Berankis and eight seed Oscar Otte. He lost to eventual champion Marc-Andrea Huesler. At the 2022 Busan Open in South Korea, he won his fourth Challenger title defeating Radu Albot. As a result, he moved 20 positions up back into the top 100 at No. 82 on 24 October 2022.
On 9 December 2022, the International Tennis Integrity Agency announced that Majchrzak has been provisionally suspended after testing positive for banned substances at the Sofia Open, the Japan Open and the Seoul Challenger. In June 2023, the agency suspended Majchrzak for 13 months, while acknowledging that Majchrzak had not "knowingly or intentionally" committed an offense.
Performance timeline
Singles
Current through the 2022 Miami Open.
Challenger and Futures finals
Singles: 22 (12–10)
Doubles: 11 (6–5)
Juniors
Junior Grand Slam Finals
Doubles: 1 (1 title)
Olympic medal matches
Singles
Mixed doubles
Record against top 10 players
Majchrzak's record against those who have been ranked in the top 10, with active players in boldface.
Notes
References
External links
Polish male tennis players
1996 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Piotrków Trybunalski
Tennis players at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
US Open (tennis) junior champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles
Youth Olympic gold medalists for Poland
Olympic tennis players for Poland
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century Polish people |
Hylaeus lunicraterius is a hymenopteran and member of the Hylaeus genus, or yellow-faced bees. This species has been solely recorded at the Craters of the Moon National Monument found in Idaho, and is endemic to this location.
A holotype of H. lunicraterius was caught and preserved on August 21, 1964. This specimen is preserved in the Los Angeles County Museum entomology collection.
Life history
Hylaeus lunicraterius has a flight season from July to August. It is believed to be a generalist forager, and has been observed foraging from Phacelia species, Eriogonum species, and members of the Compositae family, such as Ericameria nauseosa. It is known to be a pollinator of mouse buckwheat (Eriogonum nudum var. murinum).
Nesting biology
Little is known about nesting biology of this species. The Hylaeus genus is characterised by nesting in uninhabited beetle holes and dead wood, but is suspected to utilize crevices in lava flows as well.
References
Colletidae
Insects described in 1970
Taxa named by Roy Snelling |
Nazim-e-Larkana (Urdu: ) is the Mayor who heads the Larkana Municipal Corporation (LMC) which controls the Local Government system of Larkana.
Larkana Municipal Corporation
There are 20 Union Councils in larkana Municipal Corporation(LMC), the body which controls local government of Larkana. The Union Councils elect their chairmen and Vice Chairmen who then elect their Mayor and Deputy Mayor respectively.
List of mayors
Mayor elections history
Mayor election 2015
The election for local govt of Larkana was held on October 31, 2015
The mayor and deputy mayor of Larkana were elected on August 24, 2016, and took oath in August 2016.
See also
Mayor of Sukkur
References
External links
Sindh Local Govt Act 2013
Larkana |
Mia Clarke (born 20 March 1983) is an English guitarist from the alternative rock band Electrelane and an entrepreneur. She was born in Brighton, England and following a short period living in the Czech Republic moved to Chicago, United States in 2008
She formed a new band, Follows, in 2008 in Chicago with members of Russian Circles, Bloodiest, and Atombombpocketknife. Clarke has collaborated with Canadian hip hop artist Buck 65, contributing guitar to his Dirtbike 3/3 project.
In April 2008, Clarke flew to Amsterdam to record a guitar improvisation with Andy Moor of The Ex. Their collaboration "Guitargument" was released digitally by File Thirteen Records on 17 February 2009 and as a CD edition by hellosQuare recordings in late 2010.
She is also a freelance writer and has written about music for publications including The Wire, The Guardian, and Pitchfork Media. From 2009 to 2013, Clarke wrote a column on Chicago's classical music scene for Time Out Chicago. She then established a career as a copywriter and creative strategist.
In 2019, she co-founded a women's wellbeing brand, Nyssa.
References
External links
Electrelane.com - Official band website
Too Pure: Electrelane
Beggars Group: Electrelane
https://web.archive.org/web/20080928194335/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/feature/43815-guest-list-electrelane
1983 births
Living people
Women rock singers
English rock guitarists
English women guitarists
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
21st-century British guitarists
21st-century women guitarists
Musicians from Brighton |
Breckland in Norfolk and Suffolk is a 39,433 hectare Special Protection Area (SPA) under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. The SPA partly overlaps the 7,544 hectare Breckland Special Area of Conservation. As a landscape region it is an unusual natural habitat of England. It comprises the gorse-covered sandy heath that lies mostly in the south of the county of Norfolk but also in the north of Suffolk. An area of considerable interest for its unusual flora and fauna, it lies to the east of another unusual habitat, the Fens, and to the south west of the Broads. The typical tree of this area is the Scots pine. Breckland is one of the driest areas in England.
The area of Breckland has been substantially reduced in the twentieth century by the impact of modern farming and the creation in 1914 of Thetford Forest. However substantial areas have been preserved, not least by the presence of the British Army on the Stanford Battle Area.
During the Prehistoric period Breckland was mined for flint, evidence for which can be found at Grimes Graves just outside Thetford in Norfolk. The word 'Breck' is medieval and was defined as being an area of heathland broken up for cultivation before being allowed to retreat back into wilderness. Up until 200 years ago, much of it consisted of open heathland.
The Brecks today are a tourist attraction as well as an area of scientific and geographical interest.
The Breckland landscape region has given its name to Breckland District, a local government district that contains most of Norfolk's portion of the Breckland. Part of West Suffolk district cover the Suffolk portion.
The Great Eastern Pingo Trail is 8 miles of tracks and paths exploring the eastern edge of the Breckland area. The trail takes in the commons at the villages of Thompson and Stow Bedon, and heathland at Breckles and Great Hockham. Thompson Water, an artificial lake, and the woodland at Thompson Carr also form part of the walk. The name of the trail comes from the former Great Eastern Railway and the large number of pingo ponds found in the area. Pingo ponds or kettle lakes are formed from collapsed mound of earth-covered ice, called pingos, formed when the ice-sheets retreated. The trail may be accessed as a detour from the Peddars Way long-distance footpath. It is a Local Nature Reserve.
Wildlife
Although the Brecks has experienced extraordinary change and loss of wildlife species and habitats in the last 50 years, the varied habitats of the area continue to provide a refuge for many threatened species. 43% of the Brecks is protected at a national or international level for its wildlife or geological interest.
Over 12,845 species live in the Brecklands. This is one of the most important areas for wildlife in the UK, including birds such as the nightjars, woodlarks, and the 65% of the UK's stone curlew population. Sadly, 25 species previously recorded in breckland are now considered to be nationally extinct; ranging from flowers and mosses to beetles and moths.
The Brecklands are home to over 120 nationally rare and threatened plant species, many of which grow nowhere else in Britain. With all this diversity, Breckland has received international recognition as an Important Plant Area (IPA). Many of the flora and fauna that are unique to the area have a special protection status, or are part of conservation and rewilding projects.
Fauna that are being monitored in Breckland habitats include the woodlark, stone curlews, grey carpet moth, lunar yellow under-wing moth, nightjars, brush-thighed seed-eater beetle, forester moth, moonshiner beetle, and five-banded tailed digger wasp. Rare or endangered plants include the Spanish Catchfly, Spring Speedwell, Tower Mustard, Rare Spring-sedge, Red-tipped Cudweed, Field Wormwood, Prostrate Perennial Knawel, Fingered Speedwell, Military Orchid, Proliferous Pink, Bee Orchid Fine-leaved Sandwort, and Grape Hyacinth.
86% of Breckland heathland was lost between 1934 and 1980. Huge areas have been planted with conifer plantations and many heaths have been ploughed for arable crops. Grazing by sheep and cattle has declined and rabbit populations crashed when myxomatosis arrived in 1954. Combined with the loss of bracken and heather collection for animal bedding, large areas of heath have now become densely vegetated, crowding out the plants that preferred the open, disturbed and well-grazed land. In addition, much of the open sand dune habitat has also become overgrown, with sand no longer moving around in the wind
.
A Pool Frog (Pelophylax lessonae) reintroduction project was started in 2005 by English Nature.
Breckland is one of the few areas in England where the rare and shy (but non-indigenous) golden pheasant may be seen in the wild.
Gallery
References
External links
The Brecks
www.countrysideaccess.norfolk.gov.uk
The Breckland Society
Breckland District
Forest Heath
Geography of Norfolk
Geography of Suffolk
Natural regions of England
Local Nature Reserves in Norfolk
Borough of St Edmundsbury |
Podlasie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łąck, within Płock County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Villages in Płock County |
The New South Wales Minister for Planning is a minister in the Government of New South Wales with responsibility for regional and urban planning with the goal of facilitating sustainable growth and employment in New South Wales, Australia.
The minister is supported in the administration of portfolio by the following ministers, all sworn in on 5 April 2023:
Minister for Lands and Property
Minister for Environment
Minister for Local Government
The ministers administer the portfolios through the Planning and Environment cluster, in particular through the Department of Planning and Environment, a department of the Government of New South Wales, and additional agencies.
Ultimately the ministers are responsible to the Parliament of New South Wales.
List of ministers
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister for Planning, or similar titles.
Former ministerial titles
Assistant Ministers for Planning
The following individuals have been appointed as Assistant Minister for Planning, or similar titles.
See also
List of New South Wales government agencies
References
External links
New South Wales Department of Planning and Environment
Planning |
Ammouliani ( , Ammoulianí), also known as Amoliani, is an island located in the Chalkidiki regional unit, Greece, from Thessaloniki. Administratively it is part of the municipal unit of Stagira-Akanthos. , the resident population of the island was 547.
History
Until the early 1900s, Ammouliani was a dependency of Vatopedi Monastery of Mount Athos. In 1925, the island was given to the refugees' families who had come from islands of Propontis (Marmaras Sea), after the Asia Minor Disaster. The population of the island grew quickly and today the island has over 500 residents. It has become a tourist destination, with frequent transport from the mainland.
Historical population
References
External links
Official website of Municipality of Stágira-Ákanthos
Populated places in Chalkidiki
Aristotelis (municipality)
Islands of Greece
North Aegean islands
Landforms of Chalkidiki
Islands of Central Macedonia |
Denis Gifford was a prolific comic artist and writer, most active in the 1940s, 50s and 60s. Gifford's work was largely for humour strips in British comics, often for L. Miller & Son. He was a highly influential comics historian, particularly of British comics from the 19th century to the 1940s.
Gifford was also a committed comic collector of British and US comics, and owned what has been called the "world's largest collection of British comics."
Comics art and scriptwriting: Marvelman titles
Gifford wrote, drew and often created a wide selection of back-up strips that featured in a number of the Marvelman titles, usually one-page humour strips, as well as the Marvelman Family strip in its own title. Gifford used a variety of pen-names for the work, including Belteshazzar Oakworm, Clubtwee Gleeb and 'Fred Granule Bepp'., Joe King, Jack Upp and Belle Tupp. These humour strips may have been reprinted across a number of titles in the L. Miller & Son stable.
Young Joey; in Marvelman #185, #188 (1957), #300 (c. 1960), #341 (Sept 1960) #368 (Dec 1962) and others; L. Miller & Son - art/script
Flip & Flop; in Marvelman #185, #188 (1957), #365 (Sept 1962), and others; L. Miller & Son - creator/art/script
The Friendly Soul; in Marvelman #185 (1957), #341 (Sept 1960), #369 (Jan 1963) and others; L. Miller & Son - art/script
Krazy Krockitt; in Marvelman #341 (Sept 1960), and others; L. Miller & Son - creator/art/script
The Friendly Soul; in Young Marvelman (1954 series) #314 (Sept 1959), #334; L. Miller & Son - art/script
The Friendly Soul; in Young Marvelman Annual (1955); L. Miller & Son - art
Young Joey; in Young Marvelman Annual (1955); L. Miller & Son - art
Wild Bill Hiccup; in Marvelman #300 (c. 1960); L. Miller & Son - creator(?)/art/ script
Nelly on the Telly; in Marvelman #300 (c. 1960); L. Miller & Son - art/ script
Flip and Flop in Marvelman Annual (1959); L. Miller & Son - creator/art/script
Marvelman Family; in Marvelman Family (1956–59 series); various issues (1950s); L. Miller & Son - art/script
Comics art and scriptwriting: Western titles
Gifford produced a variety of Western strips, including Western adventure strips for Ace High Western Comics and The Sheriff, and several one-page Western humour strips for L. Miller & Son's numerous Western titles, with a regular inside back cover slot in Gunhawks Western.
Ace High' Rogers versus Redmask; in Ace High Western Comics #1 (of 1) (June 1946); International - art/script
Various strips; The Sheriff #1 (1948); Screen Stories - art (and script?)
Roy Rogers and Trigger in Apache Rose: a Republic Picture in Trucolor; in The Sheriff #2 (1948); Screen Stories - art
Bill Elliott in Republic's Old Los Angeles; in The Sheriff #3 (1948); Screen Stories - art (and script?)
Wild Bill Hiccup; in Daniel Boone #31 (c. 1960 - no date)(1957 series)(poss. repr. from Marvelman #300); L. Miller & Son - art/ script
Dan'l Goone; in Daniel Boone (1957 series) #31 (c. 1960 - no date); L. Miller & Son - art/ script
Krazy Krockitt; in Daniel Boone (1957 series) #31 (c. 1960 - no date); L. Miller & Son - art/ script
Jim Pooey the Dopey Depitty; in Daniel Boone (1957 series) #31 (c. 1960 - no date); L. Miller & Son - art/ script
Various strips; in Annie Oakley #2–17 (July 1957–58); L. Miller & Son - art (and script?)
Jim Pooey - the Dopey Depitty; in Pancho Villa - Robin Hood of Mexico #63 (1959); L. Miller & Son - art/script
Daniel Boone; in Gunhawks Western #2–10 (Nov(?) 1960– Jun 1961); Anglo (Atlas) - art (and script?)
Corkeye; in Gunhawks Western (issue unknown) (c.1960); Anglo (Atlas) - art/script
Jester James; in Gunhawks Western #7 (March 1961); Anglo (Atlas) - art/script
Bonko the Dopey Depitty; in Gunhawks Western #8 (April 1961); Anglo (Atlas) - art/script (poss. reprinted in Davy Crockett (1956 series) #41 (no date); L.Miller & Son
Sam Gass; in Gunhawks Western #10 (June 1961); Anglo (Atlas) - art/script
Wynott Burp; in Gunhawks Western; Unknown issues (c. 1961); Anglo (Atlas) - art/script
Comics art and scriptwriting: personal projects
Gifford created, or co-created, several titles, as well as publishing or editing and drawing together the work of other creators in a number of titles. Most notable was probably his co-creation with Bob Monkhouse of the superhero Streamline and the Streamline Comics title, but his short-lived Ally Sloper title was a significant if unsuccessful attempt to blend nostalgia for British comics with the more adult approach of the Modern Age to reach new audiences. Gifford and Monkhouse also combined to form Streamline Publications, specialising mostly in reprints of US comics and pulp novels.
Streamline; Streamline Comics #1 (1947); Cardal Publishing - co-creator/art/cover art/script
Terry Traylor (cover); Streamline Comics #2 (1947); Cardal Publishing - co-creator/cover art
Bully Beef; Streamline Comics (issue unknown) (1947); Cardal Publishing - creator/art
Super Worm; Streamline Comics (issue unknown) (1947); Cardal Publishing - creator/art
Search for the Secret City (repr. in Black Tower Gold Collection vol. 3); Streamline Comics #4 (1947); Cardal Publishing - art/script
Inky the Imp of the Inkpot; Streamline Comics #4 (1947); Cardal Publishing - creator/art/script
Panto Pranks; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing -creator/art/script
Little Red Riding Hood and the Hungry Wolf; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Cinders and her Sour Sisters; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
The Klever Kids; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Jest and Lest; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Raddled Riddles and Red Riding Hood 'Dot to Dot'''; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Panto Pranks Playtime; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Simple Simon Christmas Crackers; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Puss in Boots; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Various strips; Panto Pranks #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing - creator/art/script
Fizz Comics #1 (of 1) (April 1949); Modern Fiction - script/editor
Tiger-Man; Ray Regan #1 (of 1) (April 1949); Modern Fiction - creator/art/script/editor
Various strips; Ray Regan #1 (of 1) (April 1949); Modern Fiction - script/editor [25]
Tobor the Great; Star Comics #1–2 (1954); D Publications - script (art by James Bleach)
Jill Day; Star Comics (unknown issue) (1954); D Publications - script/ art
Various strips; Star Comics #1–2 (1954); D Publications - ed./art
Various strips; Ally Sloper #1–4 (of 4) (1976); Alan Class Publishing - editor
Political Fun; Ally Sloper #2 (1976); Alan Class Publishing - script (art by Terry Wakefield)
Various strips; Comics 101 #1 (of 1) (1976); Convention souvenir comic - art
Sheerluck Jones, Super Sleuth; Melvin's Money Fun #1–2 (Sept 1981–1982); Department for National Savings - creator/art/script
Koo-koo Korner; Melvin's Money Fun #1 (and #2?) (Sept 1981–1982); Department for National Savings - creator/art/script
Comics art and scriptwriting: other titles
The majority of Gifford's output is of humour strips, for a wide range of titles. He also co-created, wrote and drew the superhero strip Streamline and drew and wrote several adventure strips.
Magical Monty; All-Fun Comics; Vol.3, #1–4 (1942); A. Soloway. - Art/script
Pansy Potter the Strongman's Daughter(?); The Beano; Various issues; (c. 1943); D. C. Thomson. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Comic Capers; Vol.3, #1–4; (c. 1944); A. Soloway. - Art (and script?)
William Wagtail; Knockout (1939–63 series); Various (1945); Amalgamated Press. - Art/script
Mr Muscle; Dynamic Comics; Various issues (1945); Gerald C. Swann. - Creator/art/script
Miserable Mick and Jolly Roger(?); Big Little Comic; #1 (of 1) (1945); PM (Marx). - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Silver King; #1 (of 1 issue) (1946); PM (Marx). - Art (and script?)
Herbie; Corker Comics; #1 (of 1) (July 1946); International. - Art/script
Various strips; Crack Shots; #2 (of 2) (July-Sept 1946); Fisher. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Laugh Fun Book; #1 (of 1) (Sept 1947); PM (Marx). - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Whacky Rodeo; #2 (of 2) (1947); Transatlantic/ Funnibook (Cartoon Art). - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Comic Adventures; Vol.5, #1–4 (c. 1947); Cardal Publishing. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Fun Parade; #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Funfair; #1 (of 1) (1949); Hotspur Publishing. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Jumbo Comics; #1 (of 1)(1949); Hotspur Publishing. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Amazing Comics; #1 (of 1) (Oct 1949); Modern Fiction. - Art/script
Mr. Busybody; Comet Comics (1949 series); #170 (20 October 1951); Amalgamated Press. - Art/script
Our Ernie; Knockout (1939–63 series); Various (1950s); Amalgamated Press. - Art
Steadfast McStaunch; Knockout (1939–63 series); Various issues, incl. #657; (1950–52); Amalgamated Press. - Creator/script/art
Dicky Diddle; Knockout (1939–63 series); Various issues (1952); Amalgamated Press. - Art
Simon the Simple Sleuth; Knockout (1939–63 series); Various issues (1950s); Amalgamated Press. - Art
Sammy Sprockett and his Pocket Rocket; Chips; #2983 (6 June 1953); Amalgamated Press. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Family Fun; #1 (of 1) (1953); Pentland. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Space Comics; #51–54, #75 and others (1954); ABC (Arnold Book Company). - Art (and script?)
Speedsmith; title unknown; issue unknown; (c. 1950s); ABC (Arnold Book Company. - Art (and script?)
Various strips; Space Commando Comics; #51–59 (1954); L. Miller & Son. - Art (and script?)
Steadfast McStaunch; Knockout Fun Book; 1955 - 1 of 1 (1955); Amalgamated Press. - Art
Puzzle Corner; Knockout Fun Book; 1955 - 1 of 1 (1955); Amalgamated Press. - Art
The Friendly Soul (repr. from Marvelman); TV Heroes; #8–26 (October 1958-August 1960); L. Miller & Son. - Art (and script?)
Nelly on the Telly; TV Heroes; #20 (and poss. others) (c. 1960); L. Miller & Son. - Art (and script?)
Krazy Krockitt; TV Heroes; #20 (and poss. others) (c. 1960); L. Miller & Son. - Art (and script?)
Beat the White Snide Clock; MAD Magazine (UK edition); #2 (March 1959);EC Comics. - Art
Various strips; TV Features; #2–5 (Nov 1960– March 1961); Anglo Features. - Art (and script?)
Sam Gass; TV Features; unknown issue (April–May 1961); Anglo Features. - Art (and script?)
Corkeye; TV Features; #6–7 (April–May 1961); Anglo Features. - Art (and script?)
Jester James; TV Features; #8 (Jun 1961); Anglo Features. - Art (and script?)
Our Lad; Captain Miracle (1960–61 series); #7 and others (1961); Anglo Features. - Art/script
Adventures of Baron Munchausen; Classics Illustrated; #146 (April 1962); Gilberton Company. - Art
Jester Moment; TV Tornado; #1–2, #4–5, #8–9, #12–14, #17, #22, #29, #38, #81 and others (1967–68); City Publications. - Art/script
Dan Dan the TV Man; TV Tornado; #1–5, #8, #9, #12, #18, #20 and others (1967–68); City Publications. - Art/script
News of The Universe Television Service; TV Tornado; #13 (1967); City Publications. - Art/script
Dan Dan the TV Man; TV Tornado Annual 1967, 1968 (1967, 1968); World Distributors. - Art/script
Jester Moment; TV Tornado Annual 1968 (1968); World Distributors. - Art/script
Steadfast McStaunch; Whizzer & Chips; #1, #2, #3 and others (1969); IPC. - Creator/art/script
Koo-Koo Klub; Whizzer & Chips; #1, #2, #3 and others (1969–?); IPC. - Creator/art/script
Jolly Jack; Super DC; #6 (1969); Top Sellers Ltd. (Thorpe & Porter). - Art
The Friendly Soul (repr. from Marvelman?); Superman Bumper Book 1970 (1970); Top Sellers Ltd. (Thorpe & Porter). - Art/script
The Friendly Soul (repr. from Marvelman #18); Super DC Bumper Book; #1 (of 1) (1971); Top Sellers Ltd. (Thorpe & Porter). - Art/script
Magazine strip cartoon art and writing
Ignatz; in Galaxy; 2 issues (unnumbered) (April 1946, May 1946); Star Publishing Corporation - creator/art/script
Puzzle Quiz with Dr Dizz; in The Junior News and Storyteller #4, one other issue (23 October 1953); Westworld Publishing reator/art/script
Tele Toon; in Rex magazine #22-#35 (June 1971-July 1972) - art/script
Rivals of Sheerluck Omes; in Rex magazine; issues unknown (1972) - art/script
Morecambe & Wise in Reveille ( c. June 1976-August 1976); IPC Newspapers - script (art Terry Wakefield)
Books on comics history and criticism
Gifford's writing on comics included general books for a popular audience and more thoroughly researched histories of the medium. He sought to both further the scholarship of comics and to increase general public understanding and appreciation: "I have a determination to establish the British comic paper as a valuable artform and a source of history."
Discovering Comics (1971), Shire Publications.
Stap Me!: History of the British Newspaper Strip (1971), Shire Publications.
Test Your N.Q. (Nostalgia Quotient) (1972), New English Library.
The British Comics Catalogue, 1874–1974 (1974), Greenwood Press.
Victorian Comics (1974), George Allen & Unwin.
Happy Days : a Century of Comics (1975), Jupiter Press.
Collectors Comics No 1: Penny Comics of the Thirties (ed.) (1975), New English Library.
British Comics, Story Papers, Picture Libraries, Girls Papers, American Reprints, Facsmilies, Giveaways Price Guide (1982), Association of Comics Enthusiasts
The International Book of Comics (1984), Hamlyn.
The Complete Catalogue of British Comics (1985), Webb & Bower.
Encyclopedia of Comic Characters (1987), Longman.
Cartoon Aid (1987), Band Aid Trust for Comic Relief.
Comics at War (1987), Hawk Books.
"Eagle" Book of Cutaways (ed. and introduction) (1988), Webb & Bower.
The Story Paper Price Guide: Collector's Companion No. 1 (1989), Association of Comic Enthusiasts
The Comic Art of Charlie Chaplin : A Graphic Celebration of Chaplin's Centenary (1989), Hawk Books.
The Best of "Eagle" Annual, 1951–59 (1989) (with Marcus Morris), Webb & Bower.
American Comic Strip Collections, 1884–1939: The Evolutionary Era (1990), G. K. Hall & Co.
The Best of "Girl" Annual, 1952–59 (1990), Webb & Bower.
The Best of "Boy's Own" in Colour (1991), Webb & Bower.
Christmas Comic Posters (1991), H. C. Blossom.
Super Duper Supermen! Comic Book Heroes from the Forties and Fifties (1992), Greenwood.
Space Aces! Comic Book Heroes from the Forties and the Fifties (1992), Greenwood.
Contributions on comics history and criticism
Aaaaaagh! A Celebration of Comics at the Institute of Contemporary Arts at the Mall (articles by Denis Gifford and others) (1970); Institute of Contemporary Arts.
Puck - Picture Card; no.1 in series (introduction by Denis Gifford) (c.1970).
The Magnet - Picture Card; no.2 in series (introduction by Denis Gifford) (c.1970).
Tuppenny Coloureds (Comic Cuts), in The Saturday Book (1971) (ed. John Hadfield, article by Denis Gifford); 31st (1971) edition; Clarkson N. Potter.
The Day the Comics went Bats; in The Dracula Scrapbook (ed. Peter Haining, chapter by Denis Gifford) (1976); New English Library.
World Encyclopaedia of Comics (ed. Maurice Horn, contributions by Denis Gifford and others); New York: Chelsea House Publishers (1976).
The Catalogue (comics) in The Encyclopaedia of Horror (ed. Richard Davis) (1981); London: Octopus.
Publicaciones de Comics Hasta le Segunda Guerra Mundial; in Historia de los Comics (ed. Josep Toutain and Javier Coma); Vol. 13 (1982); p. 357–64; Barcelona: Toutain Editor. - article on prewar British comics.
Thirty Years of British Mad, 1959–89 (1989) (by Ron Letchford, introduction by Denis Gifford), Suron Enterprises.
Los Comics en la Prensa Britanica. De Joy a Jane; in Historia de los Comics (ed. Josep Toutain and Javier Coma); Vol. 15 (n.d.); Barcelona: Toutain Editor; p. 415–420.
Comic-Books en Canada y Australia; in Historia de los Comics (ed. Josep Toutain and Javier Coma); Vol. 45; Barcelona: Toutain Editor.
Popeye: 60th Anniversary Edition (1995) (ed. Mike Higgs, contributors Denis Gifford and others); Book Sales.
Swift (1954); in The Cambridge Guide to Children's Books in English (2001); Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Popular Literature: Comics, Dime Novels, Pulps and Penny Dreadfuls; Chapter 28 in International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature (chapter by Denis Gifford, remainder by other contributors, ed. Peter Hunt) (2004).
Articles on comics history, criticism and collecting
The Evolution of the British Comic; in History Today; vol. 21, issue #5 (May 1971); p. 349–358.
Article on British comics, in Mayfair; vol. 6, issue #7 (July 1971); p. 3. - British magazine.
The Mystery of the Multiplying Marvels; in Rex; issue #24 (August 1971). - British magazine.
Cartoonists of the Kingdom Unite!; in Rex; issue #27 (November 1971). - British magazine.
Great Newspapers Reprinted Special: Six Comics of World War One (article in inside cover) (1972), P. Way.
A Century of Comics; in Sunday Observer newspaper Christmas Magazine (22 December 1974); p. 14. - British newspaper supplement.
Editorial in Mixed Bunch #1 (Brainstorm Comics #3) (1976); Alchemy Publications.
Comic Q+As; Ally Sloper; #1 (October 1976).
Comic Queries; Ally Sloper; #2 (November 1976).
My Favourite Comic; Ally Sloper; #3 (December 1976)
Article on Frank Bellamy Art, Illustrators: the magazine of the Association of Illustrators; vol. 2, issue #6 (May/ June 1977).
Tom Webster: Is There Still Life After Animation?; The Guardian (29 March 1980), p. 10.
Ally Sloper: The Legendary Cartoon Character Celebrates the 100th Anniversary of his Comic This Year, in Book and Magazine Collector; (May 1984); issue #3; p. 37–43. - British magazine.
Ally Sloper; in Comic Art (October 1984); p. 9.
Frozen Smiles; in WittyWorld International Comics Magazine; issue #1 (1987). - US fanzine.
Cartoon Aid; in WittyWorld International Comics Magazine; issue #2 (1987). - US fanzine.
Association of Comics Enthusiasts: ACE!; in The Funnies Paper (January 1988). - US fanzine.
Fifty Years of Fun: Dandy, Britain's Oldest Comic; in WittyWorld International Comics Magazine, issue #3 (1988). - US fanzine.
Half Century of Beano; in Antique & Collectors Fayre Magazine; Vol. 3, issue #1 (July 1988).
Collecting Comics 8-issue series of articles; in Antique & Collectors Fayre Magazine (1980s).
Founding a Family, editorial in Miracleman Family #2 (reprints 1956–59 series Marvelman Family #4) (September 1988). - History of Marvelman Family.
World War II: Wartime Children's Comics; in WittyWorld International Comics Magazine; issue #6–7 (1989). - US fanzine.
La Bande Dessinée Anglaise: Entretien avec Denis Gifford (II); in Le Collectionneur de Bandes Dessinée (Summer 1998).
Interviews on comics history, criticism and collecting
Clapperboard, Granada TV (30 December 1974). - British children's TV programme, Chris Kelly interviews Denis Gifford on comics and cartoons. .
Comics; Issue # 21 (100 Anni 100 Eroi - Il Fumetto Inglese di Denis Gifford) (November 1975); p. 1. - Italian comics magazine.
Steve Dowling interview by Denis Gifford at Comics 101 convention, 20 March 1976, in Ally Sloper; #1 (October 1976) (repr. in Comic Bits #1 (2001)).
Film Funsters Terry Wakefield interview by Denis Gifford; in Ally Sloper; #2 (November 1976).
Leo Baxendale - Bash Street Dad; Leo Baxendale interview by Denis Gifford; in Ally Sloper; #3 (December 1976).
Over the Rainbow to Happy Days (Alan Clark interviews Denis Gifford), in Golden Fun, issue #4 (early 1980s). - British fanzine.
Byron Rogers; Desperate Den; in The Sunday Times magazine (Sunday 19 June 1987). - British newspaper supplement.
To be Continued ... 1920–1930 (no date). - Film documentary in series about the history of comics.
Jonathan Sale, Collecting: Paper values, The Independent (Sunday 8 February 1998) - Article on comic collecting, incl. interview with Denis Gifford.
Lectures and presentations on comics history and criticism
Comics in Great Britain; Lucca 11th International Comics Festival (1975)
Halfpenny Marvels and Modern Winders; Lucca 13th International Comics Festival (1978)
Infamous Funnies: the American Influence on British Comics; Lucca 13th International Comics Festival (1980)
From Penny Dreadfuls to Twopenny Bloods; Lucca 15th International Comics Festival (1982)
Comics and Show-business; International Forum on Comic Book Printing; Lucca 16th International Comics Festival (1984)
The Story of D. C. Thomson Publishing; International Forum on Comic Book Printing; Lucca 18th International Comics Festival (1992)
Obituaries of comic and cartoon creators
Reg Parlett; PEAPS Mailing (Pulp Era Amateur Press Association); Issue #19 (April 1992).
Harvey Kurtzman; The Independent (Wednesday 24 February 1993).
Dennis Castle; The Independent (Thursday 13 May 1993).
Fred Robinson; The Independent (Monday 31 May 1993).
Vincent T. Hamlin; The Independent (Monday 12 July 1993).
Roland Davies; The Independent (Thursday, 16 December 1993).
Zack Mosley; The Independent (Monday 10 January 1994).
Jack Kirby; The Independent (Friday 11 February 1994).
Alfred Harvey; The Independent (Tuesday 26 July 1994).
Bud Sagendorf; The Independent (Thursday 13 October 1994).
Dennis M. Reader; The Independent (Wednesday 7 June 1995).
(Carl Giles) Cartoonist to the Nation; The Guardian (Tuesday 29 August 1995), p. 14.
Burne Hogarth; The Independent (Wednesday 31 January 1996).
Jerry Siegel; The Independent (Thursday 1 February 1996).
Stan Drake; The Independent (Wednesday 12 March 1997).
Barry Appleby; The Independent (Friday 22 March 1996).
Michael Cummings; The Independent (Saturday 11 October 1997).
Reg Smythe; The Independent (Monday 15 June 1998), p. 6.
Les Lilley; The Independent (Wednesday 4 November 1998), p. 6.
Bob Kane; The Independent (Monday 9 November 1998)
Jean-Claude Forest; The Independent (Friday 1 January 1999)
Lee Falk; The Independent (Friday 19 March 1999).
John L. Goldwater; The Independent (Saturday 27 March 1999).
John Broome; The Independent (Thursday 27 May 1999)
George Smith; The Independent (Monday 28 June 1999), p.6
Roland Fiddy; The Independent (Monday 12 July 1999)
John K. Geering; The Independent (Thursday 19 August 1999)
John Musgrave-Wood; The Guardian (Friday 29 September 1999), p. 26.
Don Martin; The Independent (Tuesday 11 January 2000).
Harold Cramond; The Independent (Wednesday 19 January 2000).
Gil Kane; The Independent (Thursday 10 February 2000).
Charles Schulz; The Guardian (Monday 14 February 2000).
Elliot Caplin; The Independent (Wednesday 2 March 2000).
Fred Rhoads; The Independent (Thursday 3 March 2000).
Gil Kane; The Independent (Thursday 10 March 2000).
Bill Holroyd; The Independent (Wednesday 15 March 2000).
Norman Thelwell; The Guardian (Tuesday 10 February 2004).
Donald Fraser Gould McGill (1875–1962); Oxford Dictionary of National Biography; Oxford University Press (2004).
Ally Sloper group (active 1867–1923); Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edn, Oxford University Press (Sept 2004).
Dave Langdon; The Guardian (Tuesday 22 November 2011).
Books about Denis Gifford and comics
The Denis Gifford collection, part one : Sunday 25th February 2001; Worksop : Hamer 20th century books (2001). - catalogue of auction of Gifford's collection. Introduction by Bob Monkhouse.
See also
Published work on cinema by Denis Gifford
Publications by Denis Gifford on radio, television, music and music hall
The British Film Catalogue
Streamline (comics)
Ally Sloper Award
Further reading
Browne, Ray B.; Book Review: American Comic Strip Collections 1884–1939: The Revolutionary Era; Journal of Popular Culture; 26:2 (Fall 1992); p. 153.
DeCandido, Keith R.A.; Library Review; review of American Comic Strip Collections, 1884–1939: The Evolutionary Era (1990)
Sabin, Roger; Mavericks and Zinesters: Comics Scholarship before 'Comics Scholarship'; in Thought Bubble (April 2009), University of Chichester (conference/symposium/workshop paper on comics scholarships, with Denis Gifford one of the points of focus).
Now Read This! Comics at War. - review of Comics at War.
Now Read This! History of the British Newspaper Strip. - review of The History of the British Newspaper Strip.
Now Read This! Christmas Comic Posters. - Review of Christmas Comic Posters''.
References
Lists of publications
Books about comics |
Tibo Colson (born 12 July 2000) is a Belgian tennis player. He has a career high ranking of No. 412 achieved on October 16, 2023.
Career
Colson is coached by Christopher Heyman and former top-100 player Ruben Bemelmans. He trains at the Tennis Vlaanderen centre in Flanders, Belgium, alongside 2023 Australian Open junior champion Alexander Blockx, and Zizou Bergs.
Colson won six junior titles in 2016 and 2017. However, the start of his professional career was be-set by knee injuries, and it wasn’t until he was 22 years-old that he won his first ITF level professional tournament, in October 2022 in Maputo, Mozambique.
In October 2023, he received a wildcard for the European Open in Antwerp, alongside compatriot Zizou Bergs.
References
2000 births
Living people
Belgian male tennis players |
Malleostemon nerrenensis is a plant species of the family Myrtaceae endemic to Western Australia.
It is found in a small area in the Mid West region of Western Australia to the south east of Shark Bay where it grows in sandy soils.
References
nerrenensis
Flora of Western Australia
Plants described in 2016
Taxa named by Barbara Lynette Rye
Taxa named by Malcolm Eric Trudgen |
Yosi, the Regretful Spy () is an Argentine-Uruguayan thriller streaming television series created by Daniel Burman for Amazon Prime Video and based on the 2015 book Iosi, el espía arrepentido by authors Horacio Lutzky and . It revolves around an Argentine Federal Police agent who infiltrates a Jewish community to gather information, which was apparently used to carry out the terrorist attacks against the Israeli embassy in 1992 and the AMIA in 1994.
The series, which debuted on April 29, 2022, stars a cast of Argentines and Uruguayans actors. A month after its premiere, in May 2022 it was renewed for a second season. In November 2022, Yosi, the Regretful Spy won the Silver Condor Awards for Best Drama Series, and Bassani for Best Leading Actor in Drama.
Premise
Yosi, the regretful spy follows José Pérez, an intelligence agent of the Argentine Federal Police, who is assigned to infiltrate a Jewish community, to gather information about the "Andinia Plan", which seeks to establish a Jewish state in Patagonia. This plan was later used to perpetrate two terrorist attacks on Argentine soil: the bombing on the Israeli embassy in 1992 –in which no culprits were determined–, and on the Argentine Israeli Mutual Association in 1994 –in which several accessories after the fact were convicted–.
Cast and characters
Main
Natalia Oreiro as Claudia, Yosi's superior and only contact, she is a controlling and anti-Semitic agent, who believes in the Andinia Plan and seeks to prevent it from being carried out in Argentina.
Gustavo Bassani as José Pérez / Yosi, an anti-Semitic police intelligence agent who infiltrates a Jewish community.
Alejandro Awada as Saúl Menajem, a businessman linked to finance and banking, who traffics arms
Carla Quevedo as Eli, a committed young Jewish woman who is politically active and has a secret from the past that haunts her
Minerva Casero as Dafne Menajem, Saúl's daughter and Yosi's romantic interest
Juan Leyrado as Abraham Glusberg, the Jewish husband of José's mother
Marco Antonio Caponi as Luis Garrido, José's friend and corrupt intelligence agent who conducts business outside the law.
Daniel Kuzniecka as Aarón
Matías Mayer as Víctor Kesselman, leader of the left-wing political group that Yosi joins.
Recurring
Mirella Pascual as Zuni
César Troncoso as Castaño
Damián Dreizik as Marcelo
Carlos Belloso as Kadar
Guest
Roly Serrano as Minister Aquino
Julián Ache Pérez Zinola as Jonás Kesselman
Mercedes Morán as Mónica Raposo
Danna Liberman as Silvina
Miguel Di Lemme as Daniel Cruz
Lucio Hernández as Salerno
Víctor Wainbuch as Rabbi Straimel
Fernando Miró as Prosecutor Castillo
Roberto Suárez as Horacio Gutiérrez
David Masajnik as Doctor Roitman
Episodes
Series 1 (2022)
Production
Development
In February 2017, it was announced that the Argentine production company Oficina Burman had joined Mediapro to develop several projects to launch internationally, including the adaptation of the book Iosi, el espía arrepentido written by Horacio Lutzky and Miriam Lewin, and which tells the real story of an Argentine policeman who infiltrates a Jewish community. In January 2020, Daniel Burman and Sebastián Borensztein were confirmed as the directors of the series that would be made up of 8 episodes of 40–50 minutes each. On 7 April 2022, it was announced that the series would premiere on the 29th. On 26 May 2022, Amazon Prime Video renewed the show for a second series. In September 2023, the premiere of the second season was announced for October 27.
Casting
On 17 May 2018, it was announced that Natalia Oreiro, Gustavo Bassani, Marco Antonio Caponi, Alejandro Awada, Juan Leyrado, Matías Mayer and Minerva Casero had joined the show's main cast. In January 2021, it was reported that Carla Quevedo had been cast. At the end of May 2022, it was reported that two Israeli actors Moran Rosenblatt and Itzik Cohen would join the cast of the series.
Filming
Filming for the first series took place at several locations in Uruguay during 2021. Although the filming took place mainly in Montevideo, several towns in the Canelones Department, such as Progreso, Cerrillos, La Paz and Paso de Carrasco were also included.
Reception
Critical response
Raúl Kollmann of Página 12 gave a positive review and wrote: "Iosi, el espía arrepentido makes visible what that time was and what the infiltrators of the Federal Police were. But above all because the chapters are exciting, with a huge production that includes beautiful images in the desert, good performances and a rhythm that has nothing to envy to the best series".
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Official website
Television series based on books
Television shows filmed in Uruguay
2022 Uruguayan television series debuts
2022 Argentine television series debuts
Spanish-language Amazon Prime Video original programming
Television series set in the 1980s
Television series set in the 1990s
Television series set in the 2000s |
Hilb, Rogal, & Hobbs Co. was an American insurance company. It was established by Bob Hilb, Alvin Rogal and David Hamilton, former Insurance Management Corporation executives in 1982 as Hilb, Rogal, and Hamilton Corporation was changed to Hilb, Rogal and Hobbs Corporation on September 8, 2003. The company operated over 120 offices in 29 U.S. states and London with branch locations in Russia, South Africa, and Australia. Since its establishment, HRH had acquired over 230 independent agencies ranging from individuals to large national accounts with a focus on middle-market and internal risk management for major firms. As of 2007 sales were $799,664,000. It was acquired by Willis Towers Watson for $2.1 billion in 2008.
History
On January 28, 1982, Hilb, Rogal, & Hamilton Co. was founded by Bob Hilb, Alvin Rogal and David Hamilton.
In January 1999, the Daytona Beach, FL and Fort Lauderdale, FL offices of Hilb Rogal & Hamilton were acquired by Poe & Brown, Inc. (now Brown & Brown, Inc.)
On May 12, 2002 Hilb, Rogal & Hamilton is ranked 10th largest insurance intermediary in the world.
On September 8, 2003 Hilb, Rogal & Hamilton was officially changed to Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co.
In July 2007, Hilb Rogal & Hobbs Co. was ranked ninth in [[Crain Communications|Business Insurance]]'s world's largest brokers list.
On June 9, 2008, Hilb Rogal & Hobbs Co accepted an acquisition offer by Willis Group Holdings, a British insurer for 2.1 billion.
In 2004, Haack & Associates was bought by Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co.
References
External links
http://www.hrh.com/WillisHRH/ Official site]
Insurance companies of the United States
Financial services companies established in 1982
2008 mergers and acquisitions
1982 establishments in Virginia
Financial services companies of the United States |
"W.O.L.D." is a song written and performed by Harry Chapin. The song is about an aging disc jockey who travels the United States seeking happiness, which he believes he will find by following his passion for being a radio broadcaster, only to discover that his life, looks, and voice have all passed him by, as hinted in the OLD of the title.
The song is sung through the point of view of a phone call conversation from the DJ to his ex-wife, only hearing what he has to say to her. The lyrics go on to reveal that perhaps we can never change who we really are, and that what he had really wanted was the love and companionship that had eluded him in a previous failed relationship.
The song is said to have helped to inspire Hugh Wilson to conceive the premise of the TV series WKRP in Cincinnati, including the lyrics of the theme song in which a DJ seems to speak to a former lover about his travels in his occupation—now he's "living on the air in Cincinnati...got kind of tired of packing and unpacking, town to town, up and down the dial."
Inspiration
The hit song was inspired by radio personality Jim Connors, who is credited for having discovered Chapin and promoted his hit, "Taxi", through Boston radio station WMEX, where he was the AM drive-time host. After the debut of "Taxi", Chapin sat in on a phone conversation Connors was having with his ex-wife while in a studio at WMEX. This conversation led to a deep and personal discussion during an interview both on and off the air between the men. They talked about life, the business, marriage, divorce, happiness, and all the troubles associated with being a DJ and the music business at the time.
The song describes the often transitory and difficult lives of radio personalities, whose careers may require them to move from city to city. After losing his job due to age discrimination (as suggested by the call letters "W-OLD" and "they said that they like the young sound when they let me go"), the singer leaves his family to spend eight years in gigs in Tulsa and then Boise before having the opportunity to again work in his home city. However, upon returning, his overtures to reunite with his ex-wife are summarily rebuffed, as she has moved on with her life.
WOLD-FM is an actual radio station in Marion, Virginia, which went on the air in 1968, five years before Chapin recorded the song.
When performing the song live, Chapin frequently replaced WOLD in the last verse with the call letters of a local station in the town where the performance was held. The live version of the song from the compilation The Gold Medal Collection has an example of this; WOLD was replaced with KHJ, a station in Los Angeles.
Commercial performance
The song, included on the album Short Stories, peaked on the US charts at number 36 in March 1974 and at number 34 in the UK. However, when Chapin performed it on the Greatest Stories Live album, he jokingly said that the song actually charted for "15 minutes." It was also very notable in Canada, reaching number 14 and number 9. The song charted in multiple other countries in the top 20. It went on to sell over a million units.
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
External links
1973 songs
1973 singles
Elektra Records singles
Harry Chapin songs
Songs written by Harry Chapin
Song recordings produced by Paul Leka
Songs about radio
Songs about Tulsa, Oklahoma |
Arthur Frederick Parker-Rhodes (21 November 1914 – 2 March 1987) was an English linguist, plant pathologist, computer scientist, mathematician, mystic, and mycologist, who also introduced original theories in physics.
Background & education
Arthur Frederick Parker-Rhodes was born in Newington, Yorkshire on 21 November 1914. He was educated at Marlborough College and Magdalene College, Cambridge, from where he graduated in 1934 and subsequently received his PhD. Being of independent means, he was able to pursue a variety of interests. He married author and political activist Damaris Parker-Rhodes and the couple earned a reputation as "bohemians" and eccentrics. They were both members of the Communist Party (Klaus Fuchs stayed with them in Cambridge, Alan Nunn May was a local friend), they became disillusioned with communism and in 1948 joined the Society of Friends. They had three boys (one of whom died aged 12) and a daughter, Oriole.
Plant pathology and mycology
During the Second World War, Parker-Rhodes worked as a plant pathologist at Long Ashton Research Station from where he published a series of research papers on the mechanism of fungicidal actions. His personal interest, however, was in the larger fungi, particularly agarics (mushrooms and toadstools), and he was a familiar figure at forays of the British Mycological Society in the 1940s and 1950s. He even published a statistical survey of these forays. For nearly 30 years Parker-Rhodes tutored a course on fungi at the Flatford Mill Field Studies Centre in Suffolk and, in 1950, published a popular book, Fungi, friends and foes. Subsequently, he produced papers studying the kinetics of fairy rings and a series surveying the larger fungi of Skokholm, an island off the western coast of Wales. He described several taxa new to science, including the species now known as Trechispora clanculare (Park.-Rhodes) K.H. Larss. which he found in a puffin burrow.
Mathematical linguistics and computer science
Parker-Rhodes was an accomplished linguist and was able to read at least 23 languages, claiming that they became "easier after the first half-dozen". He was introduced to Chinese and formal linguistic syntax by Michael Halliday at Cambridge. Parker-Rhodes was also a mathematician, with a particular interest in statistics and applications of lattice theory. Both these areas of expertise were of use to him when he joined the Cambridge Language Research Unit, an independent research centre established in 1955 by Margaret Masterman. The unit was said to house "an extraordinary collection of eccentrics" engaged in research on language and computing, including information retrieval. Parker-Rhodes' colleagues at CLRU included Roger Needham, Karen Spärck Jones, Ted Bastin, Stuart Linney, and Yorick Wilks.
Parker-Rhodes was "an original thinker in information retrieval, quantum mechanics and computational linguistics." He wrote A Sequential Logic for Information Structuring in "Mathematics of a Hierarchy of Brouwerian Operations" with Yorick Wilks (Fort Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center 01 MAY 1965).
Parker-Rhodes also co-authored papers with Needham on the "theory of clumps" in relation to information retrieval and computational linguistics.
He wrote a book on language structure and the logic of descriptions, Inferential Semantics, published in 1978. The work analyzes sentences and longer passages into mathematical lattices (the kind in Lattice Theory, not crystal lattices) which are semantic networks. These are inferred not only from sentence syntax but also from grammatical focus and sometimes prosody. Each node the network is a concept in one or more structured conceptual dimensions (called base domains, which are also lattice structures); this places a description into a resulting abstract lattice of possible descriptions, ordered from general to specific. This structure can be used for automated inference in artificial intelligence and machine translation. He factors some of the dimensions (base domains, like a quantifier lattice, a (deep) case lattice, et al.) into sublattice-factors. Division of the lattice of possible descriptions into factors acts to divide-and-conquer the abstract lattice of all possible descriptions into simpler, independent semantic "factors" or "dimensions".
His Times obituarist, Ted Bastin, says of Parker-Rhodes' personality and scientific contribution: "One must say, in sum, that Parker-Rhodes leaves us with an enigma – a situation to which he brought his characteristic gentle and slightly amused acquiescence.".
Spiritual and other writings
Parker-Rhodes influenced mathematical metaphysics with his book relating to the Combinatorial Hierarchy's remarkable correspondences to the dimensionless scaling laws of physics. His pamphlet, Wholesight: The Spirit Quest (1978), that explored mythical tales and parables in an attempt to bring science and religion together. He also produced a long poem, The Myth of the Rock, of a spiritual nature. His daughter, Oriole Parker-Rhodes, has electronically published some of the stories he told to his children, entitled Tales from the Sink. That and The Myth of the Rock are available free online at Archive.org. The library of the Society of Friends in London holds a typescript of The Wheel of Creation : An essay in Wholesight, towards a coherent model of the place of mankind in the cosmos He wrote a Key to the British basidiomycetes which is held by the library at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Selected scientific publications
Parker-Rhodes, A.F. (1949). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. II. Genetical implications of spores measurement in two agarics". New Phytologist 48 (2): 382–389.
. (1950). Fungi-friends and Foes. 140 pp. UK, London.
. (1950). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. III. Genetic isolation in Panaeolus papilionaceous". New Phytologist 49: 328–334.
. (1950). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. IV. A case of hybridization in Psilocybe (Deconica)". New Phytologist 49 (3): 335–343.
. (1951). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. V. An elementary theory of anemophilous dissemination". New Phytologist 50 (1): 84–97.
. (1951). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. VII. Some floristic and ecological calculations". New Phytologist 50 (2): 227–243.
. (1951). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. VI. Observations on certain uncommon species and varieties". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 34 (3): 360–367.
. (1952). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. VIII. Taxonomic distributions". (PDF) New Phytologist 51 (2): 216–228.
. (1953). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. IX. Response to meteorological conditions". New Phytologist 52 (1): 14–21.
. (1953). "The Basidiomycetes of Thetford Chase. I. Correlation with age of plantation". New Phytologist 52 (1): 65–70.
. (1953). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. X. Population densities". (PDF) New Phytologist 52 (3): 273–291.
. (1954). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. XI. Intramycelial variation in Hygrocybe turunda var. lepida". (PDF) New Phytologist 53 (1): 92–98.
. (1954). "Deme structure in higher fungi: Mycena galopus". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 37 (3): 314–320.
. (1954). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. I. Annotated species list". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 37 (4): 324–342.
. (1955). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island. XII. Correlation with the chief plant associations". New Phytologist 54 (2): 259–276.
. (1955). "Some typical communities of Basidiomycetes". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 38 (2): 173.
. (1955). "Statistical aspects of fungus forays". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 38 (3): 283–290.
. (1955). "The Basidiomycetes of Skokholm Island". XIII. Echinotrema clanculare gen. et sp. nov." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 38 (4): 366–368.
. (1956). "Distribution of fungi in a small wood". (PDF) Annals of Botany London, N.S. 20 (78): 251–264.
. (1979). Handbook with Keys for the Identification of the Tachycarpic Hymenomycetidae, Namely All the Toadstools Hitherto Found in the British Isles. 234 pp. UK; A.F. Parker-Rhodes.
References
British computer scientists
British mycologists
British phytopathologists
1914 births
1987 deaths
Linguists from the United Kingdom
English Quakers
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
20th-century British botanists
20th-century British mathematicians
20th-century English medical doctors
20th-century British scientists
20th-century linguists
20th-century Quakers
20th-century agronomists |
Sha'ar Binyamin () is an Israeli light industrial park in the occupied West Bank, built in 1998 over land expropriated from the Palestinian villages of Jaba' and Mukhmas. It is located the Mateh Binyamin Regional Council, Israeli-occupied West Bank, located 2km north of Geva Binyamin on Route 60 and about 5 minutes drive from Pisgat Ze'ev in Jerusalem. The park covers an area of 606 dunams (150 acres).
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
History
According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from two nearby Palestinian villages in order to construct Sha'ar Binyamin:
545 dunams from Jaba', and
28 dunams from Mukhmas.
It was established by the Regional Council's "Industrial Zones Authority," which promotes development in its area. The Israeli Industry, Trade and Labor Ministry also invested about 20 million Israeli new shekel in developing the region. The park was granted "National Priority Area A" status in 2002 for a 13-year period enabling tax benefits to create jobs for residents of the Jewish and Arab communities in the region. Public transportation is provided by buses along Route 60.
Like other industrial parks in the West Bank, many Israelis and Palestinians coexist and work side by side in factories and stores at Sha'ar Binyamin.
One of the big draws is a Rami Levy supermarket. There are also bakeries (including a bakery which is experimenting in baking showbread as was used in the Temple in Jerusalem), furniture stores, clothing stores, hardware and housewares stores, auto leasing, auto repair shops, a computer store, a winery, an optician, and a dental clinic. Offices of The Jewish Agency's Settlement Division, an events hall and a section designated for high-tech businesses can also be found in the park.
The industrial park is located above the drainage basin of the Nahal Prat Nature Reserve and is therefore subject to rigorous standards on soil and water pollution. A water purification facility processes the park's waste water and the establishment of polluting heavy industry is prohibited.
References
External links
Sha'ar Binyamin on Israel Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor website
Sha'ar Binyamin on Mateh Binyamin Regional Council website
Plot map of Sha'ar Binyamin (opens as Word Document)
Economy of Israel
Industrial parks in Israeli-occupied territories
Mateh Binyamin Regional Council
Israeli industrial parks in the West Bank |
Channing Matthew Tatum (born April 26, 1980) is an American actor. Tatum made his film debut in the drama Coach Carter (2005), and had his breakthrough role in the 2006 dance film Step Up. He gained wider attention for his leading roles in the sports comedy She's the Man (2006), the comedy-drama Magic Mike (2012) and its sequels Magic Mike XXL (2015) and Magic Mike's Last Dance (2023), the latter two of which he also produced, and in the action-comedy 21 Jump Street (2012) and its sequel 22 Jump Street (2014).
Tatum has also appeared as Duke in the action film G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009) and its sequel G.I. Joe: Retaliation (2013). His other films include White House Down (2013), Foxcatcher (2014), The Hateful Eight (2015), Hail, Caesar! (2016), Logan Lucky (2017), and The Lost City (2022). Tatum has also starred in, produced and co-directed the road film Dog (2022). Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2022.
Early life
Tatum was born on April 26, 1980, in Cullman, Alabama, to Kay Tatum (née Faust), an airline worker, and Glenn Tatum, a construction worker. He has a sister named Paige. He is of mostly English ancestry.
His family moved to the Pascagoula, Mississippi area when he was six. He grew up in the bayous near the Pascagoula River, where he lived in a rural setting.
Tatum has discussed having dealt with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and dyslexia while growing up, which affected his ability to do well in school. Growing up, Tatum played football, soccer, track, and baseball; he has said that "girls were always [his] biggest distraction in school." As a child, he practiced wuzuquan kung fu.
Tatum spent most of his teenage years in the Tampa area, and initially attended Gaither High School. His parents wanted more effort and gave him the option of selecting a private high school or attending a military school; he chose Tampa Catholic High School, where he graduated in 1998 and was voted most athletic. He later attended Glenville State College in Glenville, West Virginia on a football scholarship, but dropped out. He returned home and started working odd jobs.
Us Weekly reported that around this time Tatum left his job as a roofer and began working as a stripper at a local nightclub, under the name "Chan Crawford". In 2010, he told an Australian newspaper that he wanted to make a movie about his experiences as a stripper. That idea led to the movie Magic Mike. Tatum moved to Miami, where he was discovered by a model talent scout.
Career
Early work
In 2000, Tatum was first cast as a dancer in Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" music video, after an audition in Orlando, Florida; he was paid $400 for the job. His experience in the fashion industry began as a model working for noted clients such as Armani and Abercrombie & Fitch. He soon moved into television commercials, landing national spots for Mountain Dew and Pepsi in 2002. He subsequently signed with Page 305 (Page Parkes Modeling Agency), a modeling agency in Miami. He was cast by Al David for Vogue magazine and soon after appeared in campaigns for Abercrombie & Fitch, Nautica, Dolce & Gabbana, American Eagle Outfitters, and Emporio Armani. He was picked as one of Tear Sheet magazine's "50 Most Beautiful Faces" of October 2001. Tatum signed with Ford Models in New York City.
2006–2012
In 2006, Tatum starred in She's The Man opposite Amanda Bynes, which was named "the greatest Shakespeare adaptation since '10 Things I Hate About You'" by Business Insider. Later that year, Tatum starred opposite his future wife Jenna Dewan in Step Up, which was his breakout role. Although it was widely panned, it has earned $115 million worldwide.
In 2008, Tatum co-starred in director Kimberly Peirce's film Stop-Loss, about soldiers returning home from the Iraq War, and in director Stuart Townsend's film Battle in Seattle, about the 1999 protest of the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. Tatum played in the short film The Trap, directed by Rita Wilson.
Tatum and Dito Montiel, who worked together on A Guide to Recognizing Your Saints, reteamed on the action drama Fighting for Rogue Pictures. He starred as Sean McArthur, a young man who scrapes up a living scalping tickets in New York City. He next appeared in writer/director/producer Michael Mann's 2009 crime drama Public Enemies, playing the 1930s American gangster Pretty Boy Floyd. The same year, Tatum starred as Duke in G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, Paramount Pictures' live-action film based on the popular Hasbro action figures. He was initially reluctant to take the role as he feared the movie would glorify war, but overcame his reluctance after reading the script. He played a soldier in Dear John, a film based on the popular Nicholas Sparks bestseller. He later stated that he accepted the role to learn from director Lasse Hallström because he never studied at an acting school.
In an interview with Details magazine, published in early 2012, Tatum said he wants to produce all the films he stars in, "I really don't want to be in any more movies that I don't produce. Unless it's with one of the 10 directors that I really want to work with, I don't have any interest in not being on the ground floor of creating it." He, his wife Dewan, and their production partner Reid Carolin signed a two-year production deal in 2010 with Relativity Media for any movies they may develop during that time. In 2012, Tatum hosted Saturday Night Live and appeared in four films. He co-starred in Steven Soderbergh's action-thriller Haywire, The Vow with Rachel McAdams, and 21 Jump Street (film adaptation of TV series of the same name) with Jonah Hill.
Tatum also starred in Magic Mike, a film based on his eight-month experience as a male stripper in Florida. The film was directed by Soderbergh, was co-produced by Tatum and Soderbergh, and starred Tatum as Mike. He is a featured performer at a Tampa, Florida, male strip club who takes a younger dancer (Alex Pettyfer) under his wing to show him how to hustle "on and off stage". The film's cast also included Matt Bomer, Joe Manganiello, and Matthew McConaughey.
In October 2012, Tatum and a friend opened the Saints and Sinners burlesque-themed restaurant and bar in New Orleans, which remained in business ten years later.
In November 2012, Tatum was named People magazine's annual Sexiest Man Alive.
2013–present
Tatum appeared in Steven Soderbergh's Side Effects, with Rooney Mara and Jude Law.
He reprised his role as Conrad S. Hauser/Duke in G.I. Joe: Retaliation, the sequel to 2009's G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra, in an ensemble cast that included Dwayne Johnson and Bruce Willis. Originally scheduled for release on June 29, 2012, the film was pushed back to March 2013, in order to convert it to 3D and to add more scenes for his character, who was killed at the beginning of the movie. Tatum later said he had not wanted to appear in the sequel and was happy his character had been killed off. Also in 2013, he appeared in another action movie, White House Down.
Tatum reprised his role from 21 Jump Street in its sequel, 22 Jump Street, which was released on June 13, 2014.
Also in 2014, he co-starred with Steve Carell in Foxcatcher, the story of John du Pont, who had schizophrenia and killed Olympic wrestler Dave Schultz, the brother of the character played by Tatum, who also had won Olympic gold. Tatum was set to star as X-Men character Remy LeBeau / Gambit in a solo film, set within the X-Men film universe, which he would have produced, but the film was cancelled in May 2019 after languishing in development hell since 2014. Tatum made his directing debut on Dog, a road-trip comedy tracking a former Army Ranger and his dog that he starred in and co-helmed with regular collaborator Reid Carolin.
Upcoming films
Hollywood Reporter reported in November 2020 that Tatum is set to star in an untitled feature that is described as "a modern day, tongue in cheek thriller" that is inspired by Universal's classic monster features, which will be produced by Phil Lord and Chris Miller. In December 2020, Variety confirmed that Tatum is going to star opposite Sandra Bullock in the Paramount Pictures romantic action adventure film The Lost City. More recently, his production company Free Association signed a first look deal with MGM.
In June 2021, Tatum was set to star in the thriller film Pussy Island marking the directorial debut of Zoë Kravitz. In November 2021, he was cast in an untitled true story drama film with Tom Hardy, directed by George Nolfi. Tatum returned as Mike Lane in Magic Mike's Last Dance with Steven Soderbergh as director. The film was set for an exclusive premiere on HBO Max, but was released in theaters on February 10, 2023. He will star in the remake of German film System Crasher which released in 2019.
Production companies
Tatum started two production companies, 33andOut Productions and Iron Horse Entertainment. Their first production was the 2010 documentary Earth Made of Glass.
Books
Tatum has written two picture books inspired by his daughter. The first, The One and Only Sparkella (2021), was a #1 New York Times bestseller for children's picture books the week it published. The One and Only Sparkella Makes a Plan will publish in 2022.
Personal life
In 2006, Tatum met actress Jenna Dewan on the set of their movie Step Up, and they married on July 11, 2009, in Malibu, California. They have one daughter, born in 2013. On April 2, 2018, the couple announced they were separating. Six months later, Dewan filed for divorce from Tatum. The divorce was finalized in November 2019. In a 2023 interview with Vanity Fair, Tatum questioned whether he would ever remarry, though said his divorce prompted self-improvement, including a strong relationship with his daughter.
Tatum dated English singer Jessie J from 2018 to 2020. In 2021, Tatum started dating Zoë Kravitz.
Filmography
Film
Television
Producer
Music videos
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1980 births
21st-century American male actors
Activists from Alabama
American documentary film producers
American film producers
American male dancers
American male erotic dancers
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of English descent
American wushu practitioners
Film producers from Florida
Gaither High School alumni
Glenville State Pioneers football players
Living people
Male actors from Alabama
Male actors from Florida
Male actors from Mississippi
Male actors from Tampa, Florida
Male models from Alabama
People from Cullman, Alabama
People from Pascagoula, Mississippi
Actors with dyslexia
American actors with disabilities |
Kalapathar is a village in the Bankura district, West Bengal, India. It is west of Kolkata and southeast of New Delhi. It is near the Shilabati River, the channel from Mukutmanipur, and a small unnamed stream. Kadamdeuli Dam is situated on the west away.
According to the 2020 census, there are 536 people in Kalapathar.
References
Villages in Bankura district |
MV Naomh Éanna is a decommissioned ferry which historically operated as the primary connection on the Galway to Aran Islands route for Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ) replacing the SS Dun Aengus.
In August 1958, three months after entering service, she was among the ships to respond to the loss of KLM Flight 607-E.
Construction
The Naomh Éanna was constructed in 1958 at the Liffey Dockyard in Dublin and is one of the oldest Irish-built ships remaining in Ireland.
Along with similar vessels the MV Cill Airne and its exact replica, the MV Blarna (both commissioned 1961), she was one of the last riveted-hull ships built in Europe and one of the last ships to be built in the Liffey Dockyards.
Decommissioning
Naomh Éanna was taken out of service in 1986 or 1988.
In 1989, she was acquired by the Irish Nautical Trust and moved to Dublin's Grand Canal Dock. In this location she housed a surf shop and sailmakers, and until 2014 was proposed to become the centrepiece of a "maritime quarter" in the Grand Canal Docks.
Later use
In February 2014 she was moved by Waterways Ireland to the Grand Canal Docks' graving dock for deconstruction, but the break-up was postponed due to public opposition and eventually dropped as a plan materialized to convert her to a tourist attraction in her original home port of Galway. In 2014, she was the subject of a TV documentary directed by Donncha Mac Con Iomaire on TG4.
, she has been proposed to be converted into a five-star hotel on the River Liffey. The conversion plan never came to fruition and as of summer 2021 the ship remained in a deteriorated state. On January 18, 2023, whilst at Dublin Docks, she capsized.
References
External links
1957 ships
Ferries of the Republic of Ireland
Dublin Docklands |
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (; 13 June 1918) was the youngest son and fifth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and youngest brother of Nicholas II. He was de jure Emperor of Russia after his brother Nicholas II abdicated in 1917 and proclaimed his brother "Emperor Michael II", but Michael declined to take power a day later.
Michael was born during the reign of his paternal grandfather, Alexander II. He was then fourth-in-line to the throne after his father and elder brothers Nicholas and George. After the assassination of his grandfather in 1881, he became third-in-line and, in 1894, after the death of his father, second-in-line. George died in 1899, leaving Michael as heir presumptive to Nicholas II.
The birth of Nicholas's son Alexei in 1904 moved Michael back to second-in-line, but Alexei was gravely ill with hemophilia and Michael suspected the boy would die, leaving him as heir. Michael caused a commotion at the imperial court when he took Natalia Sergeyevna Wulfert, a married woman, as a lover. Nicholas sent Michael to Orel to avoid scandal but this did not deter Michael, who travelled frequently to see his mistress. After the couple's only child, George, was born in 1910, Michael brought Natalia to St. Petersburg, where she was shunned by society. In 1912, Michael shocked Nicholas by marrying Natalia in the hope that he would be removed from the line of succession. Michael and Natalia left Russia to live in exile abroad in France, Switzerland and England.
After the outbreak of World War I, Michael returned to Russia, assuming command of a cavalry regiment. When Nicholas abdicated on , Michael was named as his successor instead of Alexei. Michael, however, deferred acceptance of the throne until ratification by an elected assembly. He was never confirmed as emperor and, following the Russian Revolution of 1917, he was imprisoned and murdered.
Early life
Michael was born at Anichkov Palace on Nevsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg as the youngest son and penultimate child of Tsesarevich Alexander of Russia and his wife, Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark). His maternal grandparents were King Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel. His paternal grandmother Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse) died before his second birthday. His paternal grandfather, Emperor Alexander II of Russia, was assassinated on 1 March 1881 and, as a result, Michael's parents became Emperor and Empress of All the Russias before his third birthday. After the assassination, the new Tsar Alexander III moved his family, including Michael, to the greater safety of Gatchina Palace, which was 29 miles southwest of Saint Petersburg and surrounded by a moat.
Michael was raised in the company of his younger sister, Olga, who nicknamed him "Floppy" because he "flopped" into chairs; his elder siblings and parents called him "Misha". Conditions in the nursery were modest, even spartan. The children slept on hard camp beds, rose at dawn, washed in cold water and ate a simple porridge for breakfast. Michael, like his siblings, was taught by private tutors and was cared for by an English nanny, Mrs Elizabeth Franklin.
Michael and Olga frequently went on hikes in the forests around Gatchina with their father, who took the opportunity to teach them woodsmanship. Physical activities such as equestrianism were also taught at an early age, as was religious observance. Though Christmas and Easter were times of celebration and extravagance, Lent was strictly observed—meat, dairy products and any form of entertainment were avoided. Family holidays were taken in the summer at Peterhof Palace and with Michael's grandparents in Denmark.
Michael was almost 16 when his father fell fatally ill; the annual trip to Denmark was cancelled. On 1 November 1894, Alexander III died at the untimely age of 49. Michael's eldest brother, Nicholas, became Tsar, and Michael's childhood was effectively over.
Military career and public duties
Michael's mother, Dowager Empress Marie, moved back to Anichkov Palace with Michael and Olga. Like most male members of his family, Michael was enrolled in the military. He completed training at a gunnery school and joined the Horse Guards Artillery. In November 1898, he attained legal adulthood and, just eight months later, became heir presumptive to Nicholas as the middle brother, George, was killed in a motorcycle accident. George's death and the subsequent change in the line of succession highlighted that Nicholas lacked a son. As the succession was limited to males, his three daughters were ineligible. When Nicholas's wife, Alexandra, became pregnant in 1900 she hoped that the child would be male. She manoeuvred to get herself declared regent for her unborn child in the event of Nicholas's death, but the government disagreed and determined that Michael would succeed regardless of the unborn child's gender. She was delivered of a fourth daughter the following year.
Michael was perceived as unremarkable, quiet and good-natured. He performed the usual public duties expected of an heir to the throne. In 1901, he represented Russia at the funeral of Queen Victoria and was given the Order of the Bath. The following year he was made a Knight of the Garter in King Edward VII's coronation honours. In June 1902, Michael transferred to the Blue Cuirassier Regiment and moved to Gatchina, where the regiment was based. Since coming of age, Michael had assumed financial independence. His assets included the largest sugar refinery in the country, capital amounting to millions of roubles, a collection of motor vehicles, and country estates at Otrovo in Russian Poland and Brasovo near Orel.
Michael was heir presumptive until 12 August 1904, when the birth of Tsarevich Alexei to Nicholas and Alexandra provided an heir apparent. Michael again became second-in-line to the throne, but was named as co-regent for the boy, along with Alexandra, in the event of Nicholas's death.
Romances
In 1902, Michael met Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. They fell in love and began to correspond in her native English. Michael spoke both French and English fluently. At first it seemed they would marry; however, the Eastern Orthodox Church prohibited the marriage of first cousins, and Michael's father and Beatrice's mother were siblings. Nicholas refused to permit the marriage and, to Michael's and Beatrice's mutual dismay, their romance ended.
Michael's attention turned to Alexandra Kossikovskaya (September 1875, Orel region – 1923, Berlin), known affectionately as "Dina", who was his sister Olga's lady-in-waiting. Dina's father, Vladimir Kossikovsky, was a lawyer and Dina was a commoner. Michael rejected the notion, proposed by his friends, that he keep her as a mistress, and in July 1906, he wrote to Nicholas asking permission to marry her. Nicholas and Dowager Empress Marie were appalled. Both felt that royalty should marry royalty and, according to Russian house law, any children of a marriage between a royal and a commoner would be ineligible for the succession. Nicholas threatened to revoke Michael's army commission and exile him from Russia if he married without his permission. Marie had Dina dismissed as Olga's lady-in-waiting and took Michael to Denmark until mid-September.
Shortly after his return to Russia, three British newspapers announced on 24 September 1906 that Michael was to marry Princess Patricia of Connaught, but neither he nor Patricia knew anything about it. Buckingham Palace issued a denial. Nevertheless, two years later, in October 1908, Michael visited London, and he and Patricia were "paired" at social engagements. It seems likely that Michael's mother was plotting to get him married to a more suitable bride and the originator of the false report, Reuters correspondent Guy Beringer, read too much into the plans. Michael and Dina were planning to elope, but their plans were stymied as Dina was under surveillance by the Okhrana, Nicholas's secret police, and she was prevented from travelling. Under family pressure and unable to see Dina, by August 1907 Michael appeared to be losing interest. Dina went to live abroad. She never married and believed herself to be Michael's rightful fiancée, but their romance was over.
In early December 1907, Michael was introduced to Natalia Sergeyevna Wulfert, the wife of a fellow officer, and from 1908 they began a deep friendship. Natalia was a commoner who had a daughter from her first marriage. By August 1909, they were lovers, and, by November 1909, Natalia was living apart from her second husband in an apartment in Moscow paid for by Michael. In an attempt to prevent scandal, Nicholas transferred Michael to the Chernigov Hussars at Orel, 250 miles from Moscow, but Michael travelled from there several times a month to see Natalia. Their only child, George (named after Michael's dead brother) was born in July 1910, before her divorce from her second husband was finalised. To ensure that the child could be recognised as his, rather than Wulfert's, Michael had the date of the divorce back-dated. Nicholas issued a decree giving the boy the surname "Brasov", taken from Michael's estate at Brasovo, which was a tacit acknowledgement that Michael was the father.
In May 1911, Nicholas permitted Natalia to move from Moscow to Brasovo and granted her the surname "Brasova". In May 1912, Michael went to Copenhagen for the funeral of his uncle King Frederick VIII of Denmark, where he fell ill with a stomach ulcer that was to trouble him for years afterwards. After a holiday in France, where he and Natalia were trailed by the Okhrana, Michael was transferred back to Saint Petersburg to command the Chevalier Gardes. He took Natalia to the capital with him and set her up in an apartment, but she was shunned by society and, within a few months, he had moved her to a villa in Gatchina.
Marriage
In September 1912, Michael and Natalia spent a holiday abroad and, as usual, they were trailed by the Okhrana. In Berlin, Michael announced that he and Natalia would drive to Cannes and instructed his staff to follow by train. The Okhrana was under instructions to follow by train rather than car, so Michael and Natalia would be unaccompanied on their journey south. Michael's journey was a deliberate ruse. On the way to Cannes, the couple diverted to Vienna, where they were married on 16 October 1912 by Father Misitsch at the Serbian Orthodox Church of Saint Sava. A few days later, after travelling through Venice and Milan, they arrived at Cannes, where George and Natalia's daughter from her first marriage joined them. Two weeks after the marriage, Michael wrote to his mother and brother to inform them. They were both horrified by Michael's action. His mother said it was "unspeakably awful in every way", and his brother was shocked that his brother had "broken his word ... that he would not marry her".
Nicholas was particularly upset because his heir, Alexei, was gravely ill with haemophilia, which Michael cited as one of his reasons for marrying Natalia. Michael feared that he would become heir presumptive again on Alexei's death and would never be able to marry Natalia. By marrying her beforehand, he would be removed from the line of succession early and preclude losing Natalia. In a series of decrees over December 1912 and January 1913, Nicholas relieved Michael of his command, banished him from Russia, froze all his assets in Russia, seized control of his estates and removed him from the Regency. Society in Russia was shocked at the severity of Nicholas's reprisal, but there was little sympathy for Natalia. She was not entitled to be known as Grand Duchess; she instead used the style "Madame or Countess Brasova".
For six months, they stayed in hotels in France and Switzerland without any decrease in their standard of living. They were visited by Michael's sister Grand Duchess Xenia and cousin Grand Duke Andrew. In July 1913, they saw Michael's mother in London, who told Natalia "a few home truths", according to Xenia's diary. After another trip to continental Europe, Michael took a one-year lease on Knebworth House, a staffed and furnished stately home 20 miles north of London. Michael's finances were stretched as he had to rely on remittances sent from Russia at Nicholas's command, and Nicholas still controlled all his estates and assets.
War
Upon the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Michael telegraphed the Emperor, requesting permission to return to Russia to serve in the army – providing his wife and son could come too. Nicholas agreed, and Michael travelled back to Saint Petersburg via Newcastle upon Tyne, Norway, Sweden and Finland. Michael had already leased Paddockhurst in Sussex, an estate larger than Knebworth, and had planned to move there on the expiry of the Knebworth lease. He moved his furniture and furnishings there. The war was not expected to last long and the couple assumed they would be moving back to England at its conclusion. In the meantime, Michael offered its use to the British military. At Saint Petersburg, renamed Petrograd in , they moved into a villa at 24 Nikolaevskaya street, Gatchina, that Michael had bought for Natalia. Natalia was not permitted to live in any of the imperial palaces.
The Grand Duke, promoted from his previous rank of colonel to major-general, received command of a newly formed division: the Caucasian Native Cavalry, which became known as the "Savage Division". The appointment was perceived as a demotion because the division mostly comprised new Muslim recruits rather than the elite troops that Michael had commanded previously. The six regiments in the division were each composed of a different ethnic group: Chechens, Dagestanis, Kabardin, Tatars, Circassians and Ingush, commanded by ethnic Russian officers. The men were all volunteers, as conscription did not apply to the Caucasus. Although it was difficult to maintain discipline, they formed an effective fighting force. For his actions commanding his troops in the Carpathian mountains in January 1915 Michael earned the military's highest honour, the Order of St. George, 4th Class. Unlike his brother the Emperor, he proved a popular military leader.
By January 1915 the horrific nature of the war had become apparent. Michael felt "greatly embittered towards people in general and most of all towards those who are at the top, who hold power and allow all that horror to happen. If the question of war were decided by the people at large, I would not be so passionately averse to that great calamity." Michael confessed in a letter to his wife that he felt "ashamed to face the people, i.e. the soldiers and officers, particularly when visiting field hospitals, where so much suffering is to be seen, for they might think that one is also responsible, for one is placed so high and yet has failed to prevent all that from happening and protect one's country from this disaster."
At the start of the war, Michael wrote to Nicholas asking him to legitimise his son in order that the boy would be provided for in the event of Michael's death at the front. Eventually Nicholas agreed to make George legitimate and granted him the style of "Count Brasov" by decree on 26 March 1915.
Retreat
By June 1915, the Russians were in retreat. When Grand Duke Constantine died that month, Michael was the only member of the imperial family absent from the funeral in Petrograd. Natalia chided him for his absence and Michael retorted that it was simply wrong for his relatives to abandon their units to attend Constantine's funeral at such a time. The American war correspondent, Stanley Washburn, reported that Michael wore "a simple uniform with nothing to indicate his rank but shoulder straps of the same material as his uniform". Michael was "unaffected and democratic" and "living so simply in a dirty village". Natalia was appalled that Michael eschewed fancy uniforms and decorations for life at the front, but he was convinced "that at such a difficult time I must serve Russia and serve here at the front".
In July 1915, Michael caught diphtheria but recovered. The war was going badly for Russia and the following month Nicholas appointed himself Supreme Commander of the Russian forces. The move was not welcomed. Nicholas's bad decisions included instructing Michael to authorise a payment to a friend of Rasputin, an army engineer called Bratolyubov, who claimed to have invented a devastating flame-thrower. The claim was bogus and Bratolyubov was arrested for fraud, but Rasputin intervened and he was released. Michael appeared gullible and naïve; a friend of Natalia's said he "trusted everybody ... Had his wife not watched over him constantly, he would have been deceived at every step."
In October 1915, Michael regained control of his estates and assets from Nicholas and, in February 1916, was given command of the 2nd Cavalry Corps, which included the Savage Division, a Cossack division and a Don Cossack division. The slights against him by the Tsar's retinue continued, though. When he was promoted to lieutenant-general in July 1916, unlike all other Grand Dukes who attained that rank, he was not appointed as an aide-de-camp to the Tsar with the rank of adjutant-general. Michael admitted that he "always despised Petrograd high society ... no people are more devious than they are; with a few exceptions, they are all scum." Michael made no public political statements, but it was assumed that he was a liberal, like his wife, and British consul Bruce Lockhart thought he "would have made an excellent constitutional monarch".
Throughout the summer of 1916, Michael's corps was involved in the Brusilov Offensive. The Guards Army suffered heavy losses under the incompetent leadership of Michael's uncle, Grand Duke Paul, who was removed from command. In contrast, Michael was awarded a second gallantry medal, the Order of St. Vladimir with Swords, for his part in actions against the enemy and was belatedly made an adjutant-general. The poor progress of the war and their almost constant separation depressed both Michael and Natalia. Michael was still suffering from stomach ulcers and, in October 1916, he was ordered to take leave in the Crimea.
Before leaving for his sister Xenia's estate at Ai-Todor, 12 miles from Yalta, he wrote a candid letter to his brother warning him that the political situation was tense:
Increasing public unrest
Michael and other members of the imperial family, including Grand Dukes Alexander, George, Nicholas and Dmitri and Grand Duchess Elizabeth, warned of the growing public unrest, and of the perception that Nicholas was governed by his German-born wife Alexandra and the self-styled holy man Rasputin. Nicholas and Alexandra refused to listen. In December 1916, Dmitri and four of his friends killed Rasputin. Michael learned of the murder at Brasovo, where he was spending Christmas with his family. On 28 December, according to the French ambassador, there was a failed attempt to assassinate Alexandra; the lone assailant was caught and hanged the next day. The Duma President Mikhail Rodzianko, Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna and British ambassador Buchanan joined calls for Alexandra to be removed from influence, but Nicholas still refused to take their advice. Plots and gossip against Nicholas and Alexandra continued to build.
In January 1917, Michael returned to the front to hand over command of his corps; from 29 January he was Inspector-General of Cavalry stationed at Gatchina. General Aleksei Brusilov, Michael's commander on the south-eastern front, begged him to tell the Tsar of "the need for immediate and drastic reforms", but Michael warned him, "I have no influence ... My brother has time and time again had warnings and entreaties of this kind from every quarter." Brusilov recorded in his memoirs, "[Michael] was an absolutely honourable and upright man, taking no sides and lending himself to no intrigues ... he shunned every kind of gossip, whether connected with the services or with family matters. As a soldier, he was an excellent leader and an unassuming and conscientious worker."
Through February, Grand Duke Alexander, Duma President Rodzianko and Michael pressured Nicholas and Alexandra to yield to popular demands. Public unrest grew and, on 27 February, soldiers in Petrograd joined demonstrators, elements of the military mutinied and prisoners were freed. Nicholas, who was at army headquarters in Mogilev, prorogued the Duma, but the deputies refused to leave and instead set up their own rival government. After consulting Rodzianko at the Mariinsky Palace in Petrograd, Michael advised Nicholas to dismiss his ministers and set up a new government led by the leader of the majority party in the Duma, Georgy Lvov. His advice was supported by General Mikhail Alekseyev, Nicholas's chief of staff. Nicholas rejected the suggestion and issued futile orders for troops to move on Petrograd.
Revolution
On the night of 27–28 February 1917, Michael attempted to return to Gatchina from Petrograd, where he had been in conference with Rodzianko and Nikolai Golitsyn and from where he had telegraphed the Tsar, but revolutionary patrols and sporadic fire prevented his progress. Revolutionaries patrolled the streets, rounding up people connected with the old regime. Michael managed to reach the Winter Palace, where he ordered the guards to withdraw to the Admiralty, because it afforded greater safety and a better tactical position, and because it was a less politically charged location. Michael himself took refuge in the apartment of an acquaintance, Princess Putyatina, on Millionnaya street. In the neighbouring apartments, the Tsar's Chamberlain Nikolai Stolypin and the Procurator of the Holy Synod were detained by revolutionaries and in the house next door General Baron Staekelberg was killed when his house was stormed by a mob.
On 1 March, Rodzianko sent guards to Putyatina's apartment to ensure Michael's safety, and Michael signed a document drawn up by Rodzianko and Grand Duke Paul proposing the creation of a constitutional monarchy. The newly formed Petrograd Soviet rejected the document, which became irrelevant. Calls for the Tsar's abdication had superseded it.
Abdication of Nicholas II
On the afternoon of , Emperor Nicholas II, under pressure from generals and Duma representatives, abdicated in favour of his son, Alexei, with Michael as Regent. Later that evening, though, he reconsidered his decision. Alexei was gravely ill with haemophilia and Nicholas feared that if Alexei was emperor, he would be separated from his parents. In a second abdication document, signed at 11.40 p.m. but marked as having been issued at 3.00 p.m., the time of the earlier one, Nicholas II declared:
By early morning, Michael was proclaimed as "Emperor Michael II" to Russian troops and in cities throughout Russia, but his accession was not universally welcomed. While some units cheered and swore allegiance to the new emperor, others remained indifferent. The newly formed Provisional Government had not agreed to Michael's succession. When Michael awoke that morning, he discovered not only that his brother had abdicated in his favour, as Nicholas had not informed him previously, but also that a delegation from the Duma would visit him at Putyatina's apartment in a few hours' time. The meeting with Duma President Rodzianko, the new Prime Minister Prince Lvov and other ministers, including Pavel Milyukov and Alexander Kerensky, lasted all morning. Putyatina laid on a lunch, and in the afternoon two lawyers (Baron Nolde and Vladimir Nabokov) were called to the apartment to draft a manifesto for Michael to sign. The legal position was complicated, as the legitimacy of the government, whether Nicholas had the right to remove his son from the succession, and whether Michael actually was emperor, were all open to question. After further discussion, and several drafts, the meeting settled on a declaration of conditional acceptance as an appropriate form of words. In it, Michael deferred to the will of the people and acknowledged the Provisional Government as the de facto executive, but neither abdicated nor refused to accept the throne. He wrote:
Commentators, ranging from Kerensky to French ambassador Maurice Paléologue, regarded Michael's action as noble and patriotic, but Nicholas was appalled that Michael had "kowtowed to the Constituent Assembly" and called the manifesto "rubbish".
The hopes of the monarchists that Michael might be able to assume the throne following the election of the Constituent Assembly were overtaken by events. His renunciation of the throne, though conditional, marked the end of the Tsarist regime in Russia. The Provisional Government had little effective power; real power was held by the Petrograd Soviet.
Arrest
Michael returned to Gatchina and was not permitted to return to his unit or to travel beyond the Petrograd area. On 5 April 1917, he was discharged from military service. By July, Prince Lvov had resigned as Prime Minister to be replaced by Alexander Kerensky, who ordered ex-Emperor Nicholas removed from Petrograd to Tobolsk in the Urals because it was "some remote place, some quiet corner, where they would attract less attention". On the eve of Nicholas's departure, Kerensky gave permission for Michael to visit him. Kerensky remained present during the meeting and the brothers exchanged awkward pleasantries "fidgeting all the while, and sometimes one would take hold of the other's hand or the buttons of his uniform". It was the last time they saw each other.
On 21 August 1917, guards surrounded the villa on Nikolaevskaya street where Michael was living with Natalia. On the orders of Kerensky, they were both under house arrest, along with Nicholas Johnson, who had been Michael's secretary since December 1912. A week later, they were moved to an apartment in Petrograd. Michael's stomach problems worsened and, with the intervention of British ambassador Buchanan and foreign minister Mikhail Tereshchenko, they were moved back to Gatchina in the first week of September. Tereshchenko told Buchanan that the Dowager Empress would be allowed to leave the country, for Britain if she wished, and that Michael would follow in due course. The British, however, were not prepared to accept any Russian Grand Duke for fear it would provoke a negative public reaction in Britain, where there was little sympathy for the Romanovs.
On 1 September 1917, Kerensky declared Russia a republic. Michael wrote in his diary: "We woke up this morning to hear Russia declared a Republic. What does it matter which form the government will be as long as there is order and justice?" Two weeks later, Michael's house arrest was lifted. Kerensky had armed the Bolsheviks after a power struggle with the commander-in-chief and in October there was a second revolution as the Bolsheviks seized power from Kerensky. With a permit to travel issued by Peter Polotsov, a former colleague of Michael from the Savage Division who was now a commander in Petrograd, Michael planned to move his family to the greater safety of Finland. They packed valuables and prepared to move, but their preparations were seen by Bolshevik sympathisers and they were placed once more under house arrest. The last of Michael's cars were seized by the Bolsheviks.
The house arrest was lifted again in November, and the Constituent Assembly was elected and met in January 1918. Despite being the minority party, the Bolsheviks dissolved it. On 3 March 1918 (N.S.), the Bolshevik government signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which effectively ceded vast areas of the former Russian Empire to the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. On 7 March 1918, Michael and his secretary Johnson were re-arrested on the orders of Moisei Uritsky, the Head of the Petrograd secret police, and imprisoned at the Bolshevik headquarters in the Smolny Institute.
Imprisonment
On 11 March 1918, Uritsky sent Michael and Johnson to Perm, a thousand miles to the east, on the order of the Council of the People's Commissars, which included both Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin. The journey, by freight train in a coach without windows or heat, took eight days at an average speed of 5 miles per hour. At first, Michael was billeted in a hotel but two days after his arrival he was jailed by the local Soviet. Natalia lobbied the Commissars in Petrograd for his release and, on 9 April 1918, he was set at liberty within Perm. He moved into the best room in the best hotel in Perm, along with Johnson and two manservants, valet Vasily Chelyshev and former chauffeur Borunov. Natalia feared for George's safety, and in March 1918, she arranged for him to be smuggled out of Russia by his governess, Margaret Neame, with the help of Danish diplomats and the Putyatins.
In May, Natalia was granted a travel permit to join Michael. Accompanied by family friends Prince Putyatin and Margaret Abakanovich, she arrived at Perm before the Orthodox Easter and they spent about a week together. Meanwhile, as part of the truce between the Bolsheviks and the Central Powers, prisoners-of-war from Austria-Hungary were being shipped out of Russia. Czech troops were strung out along the Trans-Siberian Railway on their way to Vladivostok, where they were due to take ship. The Czechs, though, were not going home to fight for the Austrian empire but to fight for a separate homeland independent of Austria. The Germans demanded that the Bolsheviks disarm the Czechs, who fought back, seized the railway, joined forces with Russians fighting against the Bolsheviks and advanced westwards toward Perm. With the approach of the Czechs, Michael and Natalia feared that she would become trapped there, possibly in a dangerous situation and so, on 18 May, she left unhappily. By early June, Michael was again ill with stomach trouble.
Death
On 12 June 1918, the leader of the local secret police, Gavril Myasnikov, with the connivance of other local Bolsheviks, hatched a plan to murder Michael. Myasnikov assembled a team of four men who, like him, were all former prisoners of the Tsarist regime: Vasily Ivanchenko, Ivan Kolpashchikov, Andrei Markov and Nikolai Zhuzhgov. Using a forged order, the four men gained entry to Michael's hotel at 11.45 p.m. At first, Michael refused to accompany the men until he spoke with the local chairman of the secret police, Pavel Malkov, and then because he was ill. His protestations were futile and he got dressed. Johnson insisted on accompanying him and the four men plus their two prisoners climbed into two horse-drawn three-seater traps.
They drove out of the town into the forest near Motovilikha. When Michael queried their destination, he was told they were going to a remote railway crossing to catch a train. By now it was the early hours of 13 June. They all alighted from the carriages in the middle of the wood, and both Michael and Johnson were fired upon, once each, but as the assassins were using home-made bullets, their guns jammed. Michael, who may or may not have been injured, moved towards the wounded Johnson with arms outstretched, when he was shot at point-blank range in the head. Both Zhuzhgov and Markov claimed to have fired the fatal shot. Johnson was shot dead by Ivanchenko.
The bodies were stripped and buried. Anything of value was stolen and the clothes were taken back to Perm. After they were shown to Myasnikov as proof of the murders, the clothes were burned. The Ural Regional Soviet, headed by Alexander Beloborodov, approved the killing, either retrospectively or beforehand, as did Lenin. Michael was the first of the Romanovs to be killed by the Bolsheviks, but he was not the last. Neither Michael's nor Johnson's remains have been found.
The Perm authorities distributed a concocted cover story that Michael was abducted by unidentified men and had disappeared. Chelyshev and Borunov were arrested. Shortly before his own arrest, Colonel Peter Znamerovsky, a former Imperial army officer also exiled to Perm, managed to send Natalia a brief telegram saying that Michael had disappeared. Znamerovsky, Chelyshev and Borunov were all killed by the Perm Bolsheviks. Soviet disinformation about Michael's disappearance led to unfounded rumours that he had escaped and was leading a successful counter-revolution. In the ultimately forlorn hope that Michael would ally with Germany, the Germans arranged for Natalia and her daughter to escape to Kiev in German-controlled Ukraine. On the collapse of the Germans in November 1918, Natalia fled to the coast, and she and her daughter were evacuated by the British Royal Navy.
On 8 June 2009, four days short of the 91st anniversary of their deaths, both Michael and Johnson were officially rehabilitated. Russian State Prosecutors stated, "The analysis of the archive material shows that these individuals were subject to repression through arrest, exile and scrutiny ... without being charged of committing concrete class and social-related crimes."
Michael's son George, Count Brasov, died in a car crash shortly before his 21st birthday in 1931. Natalia died penniless in a Parisian charity hospital in 1952. His stepdaughter Natalia Mamontova married three times and wrote a book about her life entitled Step-Daughter of Imperial Russia, published in 1940.
Canonization
Michael and Johnson were canonized as new martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia on 1 November 1981 in New York City. This canonization has not been recognized by the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate).
"The question of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich came up, who, according to information from that time, 'berated his murderers and fought them.' Archbishop Pavel (Pavlov) saw in this no obstacle for canonization, for many martyrs denounced their executioners, and Archbishop Anthony (Sinkevich) compared the murder of the Grand Duke with the massacre of the Infants of Bethlehem, since Mikhail Alexandrovich was designated for extermination so that the faithful would have no hope for the restoration of the Orthodox Monarchy. As a result, the Grand Duke remained on the list of the glorified, and the icon-painter was instructed to add a halo to his depiction in the icon".
Regimental affiliations and commands
Russian
Life-Guards Horse Artillery Brigade – lieutenant, 1898
Life-Guards Her Imperial Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna's Cuirassier Regiment – captain and squadron commander, 1902
17th Hussar Chernigovskii HIH Grand Princess Elizavet Feodorovna Hussars – colonel, commanding, 1910
Life-Guards Her Imperial Majesty Empress Maria Feodorovna's Chevalier Guards Regiment – colonel, commanding, 1912
Caucasian Native Mounted Division – major-general, commanding, 1914
Second Cavalry Corps, Seventh Army – lieutenant-general, 1916
Inspector-General of Cavalry, 1917
Foreign
Ulanen-Regiment Kaiser Alexander III von Rußland (Westpreußisches) Nr.1, Prussian/Imperial German Army – colonel and regimental chief, December 1901, during an official visit to Berlin
à la suite Imperial German Navy
Honours
Russian orders
Knight of St. Andrew, 12 October 1878
Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 12 October 1878 (by statute of the Order of St. Andrew)
Knight of the White Eagle, 12 October 1878 (by statute of the Order of St. Andrew)
Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class, 12 October 1878 (by statute of the Order of St. Andrew)
Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class, 12 October 1878 (by statute of the Order of St. Andrew)
Alexander III Commemorative Medal, 17 March 1896
Nicholas II Coronation Medal, 26 May 1896
Knight of St. Vladimir, 4th Class (civil), 22 November 1905; with Swords (for actions during the Brusilov Offensive, while in command of the 2nd Cavalry Corps), 1916
Knight of St. George, 4th Class (for actions in the Carpathian Mountains, while in command of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division), January 1915
St. George Sword, 27 June 1915
Foreign orders
Ancestry
Notes
References
Burdzhalov, Édourd Nikolaevich; Raleigh, Donald J. (1987) Russia's Second Revolution: The February 1917 Uprising in Petrograd, Indiana University Press,
Crawford, Rosemary; Crawford, Donald (1997) Michael and Natasha: The Life and Love of the Last Tsar of Russia, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
Massie, Robert K. (1995) The Romanovs: The Final Chapter, London: Random House,
Phenix, Patricia (1999) Olga Romanov: Russia's Last Grand Duchess, Viking/Penguin,
Ruvigny, Marquis of (1914) The Titled Nobility of Europe, London: Harrison and Sons
Vorres, Ian (2001) [1964] The Last Grand Duchess, Toronto: Key Porter Books,
Further reading
Crawford, Donald (2011) The Last Tsar: Emperor Michael II, Edinburgh: Murray McLellan,
1878 births
1918 deaths
19th-century people from the Russian Empire
20th-century Russian people
20th-century executions by Russia
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House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
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Murdered Russian royalty
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Victims of Red Terror in Soviet Russia
Pretenders to the Russian throne
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Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
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Knights of Malta
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
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2
2
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Children of Alexander III of Russia
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Gondenans-Montby () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Doubs department
References
Communes of Doubs |
Zelda Fitzgerald (; July 24, 1900 – March 10, 1948) was an American novelist, painter, playwright, and socialite. Born in Montgomery, Alabama, to a wealthy Southern family, she became locally famous for her beauty and high spirits. In 1920, she married writer F. Scott Fitzgerald after the popular success of his debut novel, This Side of Paradise. The novel catapulted the young couple into the public eye, and she became known in the national press as the first American flapper. Due to their wild antics and incessant partying, she and her husband became regarded in the newspapers as the enfants terribles of the Jazz Age. Alleged infidelity and bitter recriminations soon undermined their marriage. After traveling abroad to Europe, Zelda's mental health deteriorated, and she had suicidal and homicidal tendencies which required psychiatric care. Her doctors diagnosed Zelda with schizophrenia, although later posthumous diagnoses posit bipolar disorder.
While institutionalized at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, she authored the 1932 novel Save Me the Waltz, a semi-autobiographical account of her early life in the American South during the Jim Crow era and her marriage to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Upon its publication by Scribner's, the novel garnered mostly negative reviews and experienced poor sales. The critical and commercial failure of Save Me the Waltz disappointed Zelda and led her to pursue her other interests as a playwright and a painter. In Fall 1932, she completed a stage play titled Scandalabra, but Broadway producers unanimously declined to produce the play. Disheartened, Zelda next attempted to paint watercolors but, when her husband arranged their exhibition in 1934, the critical response proved equally disappointing.
While the two lived apart, Scott died of occlusive coronary arteriosclerosis in December 1940. After her husband's death, she attempted to write a second novel Caesar's Things, but her recurrent voluntary institutionalization for mental illness interrupted her writing, and she failed to complete the work. By this time, she had endured over ten years of electroshock therapy and insulin shock treatments, and she suffered from severe memory loss. In March 1948, while sedated and locked in a room on the fifth floor of Highland Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, she died in a fire. Her body was identified by her dental records and one of her slippers. A follow-up investigation raised the possibility that the fire had been a work of arson by a disgruntled or mentally disturbed hospital employee.
A 1970 biography by Nancy Milford was a finalist for the National Book Award. After the success of Milford's biography, scholars viewed Zelda's artistic output in a new light. Her novel Save Me the Waltz became the focus of literary studies exploring different facets of the work: how her novel contrasted with Scott's depiction of their marriage in Tender Is the Night, and how 1920s consumer culture placed mental stress on modern women. Concurrently, renewed interest began in Zelda's artwork, and her paintings were posthumously exhibited in the United States and Europe. In 1992, she was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame.
Early life and family background
Born in Montgomery, Alabama, on July 24, 1900, Zelda Sayre was the youngest of six children. Her parents were Episcopalians. Her mother, Minerva Buckner "Minnie" Machen, named her daughter after the gypsy heroine in a novel, presumably Jane Howard's "Zelda: A Tale of the Massachusetts Colony" (1866) or Robert Edward Francillon's "Zelda's Fortune" (1874). Zelda was a spoiled child; her mother doted upon her daughter's every whim, but her father, Alabama politician Anthony Dickinson Sayre was a strict and remote man whom Zelda described as a "living fortress". Sayre was a state legislator in the post-Reconstruction era who authored the landmark 1893 Sayre Act which disenfranchised black Alabamians for seventy years and ushered in the racially segregated Jim Crow period in the state. There is scholarly speculation regarding whether Anthony Sayre sexually abused Zelda as a child based on later writings, but there is no evidence confirming that Zelda was a victim of incest.
At the time of Zelda's birth, her family was a prominent and influential Southern clan who had been slave-holders before the Civil War. According to biographer Nancy Milford, "if there was a Confederate establishment in the Deep South, Zelda Sayre came from the heart of it". Zelda's maternal grandfather was Willis Benson Machen, a Confederate Senator and later an U.S. Senator from Kentucky. Her father's uncle was John Tyler Morgan, a Confederate general and the second Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in Alabama. An outspoken advocate of lynching who served six terms in the United States Senate, Morgan played a key role in laying the foundation for the Jim Crow era in the American South. In addition to wielding considerable influence in national politics, Zelda's extended family owned the First White House of the Confederacy. According to biographer Sally Cline, "in Zelda's girlhood, ghosts of the late Confederacy drifted through the sleepy oak-lined streets," and Zelda claimed that she drew her strength from Montgomery's Confederate past.
During her idle youth in Montgomery, Zelda's affluent Southern family employed half-a-dozen domestic servants, many of whom were African-American. Consequently, Zelda was unaccustomed to domestic labor or responsibilities of any kind. As the privileged child of wealthy parents, she danced, took ballet lessons, and enjoyed the outdoors. In her youth, the family spent summers in Saluda, North Carolina, a village that would appear in her artwork decades later. In 1914, Zelda began attending Sidney Lanier High School. She was bright, but uninterested in her lessons. During high school, she continued her interest in ballet. She also drank gin, smoked cigarettes, and spent much of her time flirting with boys. A newspaper article about one of her dance performances quoted her as saying that she cared only about "boys and swimming".
She developed an appetite for attention, actively seeking to flout convention—whether by dancing or by wearing a tight, flesh-colored bathing suit to fuel rumors that she swam nude. Her father's reputation was something of a safety net, preventing her social ruin. As Southern women of the time were expected to be delicate and docile, Zelda's antics shocked the local community, and she became—along with her childhood friend and future Hollywood star Tallulah Bankhead—a mainstay of Montgomery gossip. Her ethos was encapsulated beneath her high-school graduation photo: "Why should all life be work, when we all can borrow? Let's think only of today, and not worry about tomorrow." Upon her graduation from high school, she was voted the "prettiest" and "most attractive" in her graduating class.
Courtship by F. Scott Fitzgerald
In July 1918, Zelda Sayre first met aspiring novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald at a country club in Montgomery. At the time, Fitzgerald had been freshly rejected by his first love, Chicago socialite and heiress Ginevra King, due to his lack of financial prospects. Heartbroken by this rejection, Scott had dropped out of Princeton University and volunteered for the United States Army amid World War I. While awaiting deployment to the Western front, he was stationed at Camp Sheridan, outside Montgomery.
While writing Ginevra King and begging her to resume their relationship, a lonely Fitzgerald began courting Zelda and other young Montgomery women. Scott called Zelda daily, and he visited Montgomery on his free days. He often spoke of his ambition to become a famous novelist, and he sent her a chapter of a book he was writing. At the time, Zelda dismissed Fitzgerald's remarks as mere boastfulness, and she concluded that he would never become a famous writer. Infatuated with Zelda, Scott redrafted the character of Rosalind Connage in his unpublished manuscript The Romantic Egotist to resemble her, and he told Zelda that "the heroine does resemble you in more ways than four."
In addition to inspiring the character of Rosalind Connage, Fitzgerald used a quote from Zelda's letters for a soliloquy by the narrator at the conclusion of The Romantic Egotist, later retitled and published as This Side of Paradise. Specifically, Zelda had written Fitzgerald a letter eulogizing the Confederate dead who perished during the American Civil War: "I've spent today in the graveyard... Isn't it funny how, out of a row of Confederate soldiers, two or three will make you think of dead lovers and dead loves—when they're exactly like the others, even to the yellowish moss." In the final pages of his novel, Fitzgerald altered Zelda's sentiments to refer to Union soldiers instead of Confederates.
During the early months of their courtship, Zelda and Scott strolled through the Confederate Cemetery at Oakwood. While walking past the headstones, Fitzgerald ostensibly failed to show sufficient reverence, and Zelda informed Fitzgerald that he would never understand how she felt about the Confederate dead. Fitzgerald drew upon Zelda's intense feelings about the Confederacy and the Old South in his 1920 short story The Ice Palace about a Southern girl who becomes lost in an ice maze while visiting a northern town.
While dating Zelda and other women in Montgomery, Fitzgerald received a letter from Ginevra King informing him of her engagement to polo player William "Bill" Mitchell. Three days after Ginevra King married Bill Mitchell on September 4, 1918, Scott professed his affections for Zelda. In his ledger, Scott wrote that he had fallen in love on September 7, 1918. His love for Zelda increased as time passed, and he wrote to his friend Isabelle Amorous: "I love her and that's the beginning and end of everything. You're still a Catholic, but Zelda's the only God I have left now." Ultimately, Zelda fell in love as well. Her biographer Nancy Milford wrote, "Scott had appealed to something in Zelda which no one before him had perceived: a romantic sense of self-importance which was kindred to his own."
Their courtship was interrupted in October when he was summoned north. He expected to be sent to France, but he was instead assigned to Camp Mills, Long Island. While he was there, the Allied Powers signed an armistice with Imperial Germany. He then returned to the base near Montgomery. Together again, Zelda and Scott now engaged in what he later described as sexual recklessness, and by December 1918, they had consummated their relationship. Although this was the first time they were sexually intimate, both Zelda and Scott had other sexual partners prior to their first meeting and courtship. Initially, Fitzgerald did not intend to marry Zelda, but the couple gradually viewed themselves as informally engaged, although Zelda declined to marry him until he proved financially successful.
On February 14, 1919, he was discharged from the military and went north to establish himself in New York City. During this time, Zelda mistakenly feared she was pregnant. Scott mailed her pills to induce an abortion, but Zelda refused to take them and replied in a letter: "I simply can't and won't take those awful pills... I'd rather have a whole family than sacrifice my self-respect... I'd feel like a damn whore if I took even one." They wrote frequently, and by March 1920, Scott had sent Zelda his mother's ring, and the two had become engaged. However, when Scott's attempts to become a published author faltered during the next four months, Zelda became convinced that he could not support her accustomed lifestyle, and she broke off the engagement during the Red Summer of 1919. Having been rejected by both Zelda and Ginevra during the past year due to his lack of financial prospects, Scott suffered from intense despair, and he carried a revolver daily while contemplating suicide.
Soon after, in July 1919, Fitzgerald returned to St. Paul. Having returned to his hometown as a failure, Fitzgerald became a social recluse and lived on the top floor of his parents' home at 599 Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill. He decided to make one last attempt to become a novelist and to stake everything on the success of a book. Abstaining from alcohol and parties, he worked day and night to revise The Romantic Egotist as This Side of Paradise—an autobiographical account of his Princeton years and his romances with Ginevra, Zelda, and others. At the time, Fitzgerald's feelings for Zelda were at an all-time low, and he remarked to a friend, "I wouldn't care if she died, but I couldn't stand to have anybody else marry her."
Marriage and celebrity
By September 1919, Scott completed his first novel, This Side of Paradise, and editor Maxwell Perkins of Charles Scribner's Sons accepted the manuscript for publication. Scott requested an accelerated release to renew Zelda's faith in him: "I have so many things dependent on its success—including of course a girl." After Scott informed Zelda of his novel's upcoming publication, a shocked Zelda replied apologetically: "I hate to say this, but I don't think I had much confidence in you at first.... It's so nice to know you really can do things do—anything—and I love to feel that maybe I can help just a little."
Zelda agreed to marry Scott once Scribner's published the novel; in turn, Fitzgerald promised to bring her to New York with "all the iridescence of the beginning of the world." Scribner's published This Side of Paradise on March 26, 1920, and Zelda arrived in New York on March 30. A few days later, on April 3, 1920, they married in a small ceremony at St. Patrick's Cathedral.
At the time of their wedding, Fitzgerald later claimed neither he nor Zelda still loved each other, and the early years of their marriage in New York City proved to be a disappointment. According to biographer Andrew Turnbull, "victory was sweet, though not as sweet as it would have been six months earlier before Zelda had rejected him. Fitzgerald couldn't recapture the thrill of their first love". As the affections between Zelda and Scott cooled, her husband continued to obsess over the loss of his first love Ginevra King and, for the remainder of their marriage, Scott could not think of Ginevra "without tears coming to his eyes".
Despite the cooling of their affections, Scott and Zelda quickly became celebrities of New York, as much for their wild behavior as for the success of This Side of Paradise. They were ordered to leave both the Biltmore Hotel and the Commodore Hotel for disturbing other guests. Their daily lives consisted of outrageous pranks and drunken escapades. While fully dressed, they jumped into the water fountain in front of the Plaza Hotel in New York. They frequently hired taxicabs and rode on the hood. One evening, while inebriated, they decided to visit the county morgue where they inspected the unidentified corpses and, on another evening, Zelda insisted on sleeping in a dog kennel. Alcohol increasingly fueled their nightly escapades. Publicly, this meant little more than napping when they arrived at parties, but privately it increasingly led to bitter arguments. To their mutual delight, New York newspapers depicted Zelda and Scott as cautionary examples of youth and excess—the enfants terribles of the hedonistic Jazz Age.
After a month of hotel evictions, the Fitzgeralds moved to a cottage in Westport, Connecticut, where Scott worked on drafts of his second novel. Due to her privileged upbringing with many African-American servants, Zelda could not perform household responsibilities at Westport. During the early months of their marriage, Scott's unwashed clothes began disappearing. One day, he opened a closet and discovered his dirty clothes piled to the ceiling. Uncertain of what to do with unwashed clothes, Zelda had never sent them out for cleaning: she had simply tossed everything into the closet.
Soon after, Scott employed two maids and a laundress. Zelda's complete dependence upon servants became the comedic focus of magazine articles. When Harper & Brothers asked Zelda to contribute her favorite recipes in an article, she wrote: "See if there is any bacon, and if there is, ask the cook which pan to fry it in. Then ask if there are any eggs, and if so try and persuade the cook to poach two of them. It is better not to attempt toast, as it burns very easily. Also, in the case of bacon, do not turn the fire too high, or you will have to get out of the house for a week. Serve preferably on china plates, though gold or wood will do if handy."
While Scott attempted to write his next novel at their home in Westport, Zelda announced that she was homesick for the Deep South. In particular, she missed eating Southern cuisine such as peaches and biscuits for breakfast. She suggested that they travel to Montgomery, Alabama. On July 15, 1920, the couple traveled in a touring car—which Scott derogatorily nicknamed "the rolling junk"—to her parents' home in Montgomery. After visiting Zelda's family for several weeks, they abandoned the unreliable vehicle and returned via train to Westport, Connecticut. Zelda's parents visited their Westport cottage soon after, but her father Judge Anthony Sayre took a dim view of the couples' constant partying and scandalous lifestyle. Following this visit, the Fitzgeralds relocated to an apartment at 38 West 59th Street in New York City.
Pregnancy and Scottie
In February 1921, while Scott labored on drafts of his inchoate second novel The Beautiful and Damned, Zelda discovered she was pregnant. She requested that the child be born on Southern soil in Alabama, but Fitzgerald adamantly refused. Zelda wrote despondently to a friend: "Scott's changed... He used... to say he loved the South, but now he wants to get as far away from it as he can." To Zelda's chagrin, her husband insisted upon having the baby at his northern home in Saint Paul, Minnesota. On October 26, 1921, she gave birth to Frances "Scottie" Fitzgerald. As she emerged from the anesthesia, Scott recorded Zelda saying, "Oh, God, goofo I'm drunk. Mark Twain. Isn't she smart—she has the hiccups. I hope it's beautiful and a fool—a beautiful little fool." Many of her words found their way into Scott's novels: in The Great Gatsby, the character Daisy Buchanan expresses a similar hope for her daughter.
While writing The Beautiful and Damned, Scott drew upon "bits and pieces" of Zelda's diary and letters. He modeled the characters of Anthony Patch on himself and Gloria Patch on—in his words—the chill-mindedness and selfishness of Zelda. Prior to publication, Zelda proofread the drafts, and she urged her husband to cut the cerebral ending which focused on the main characters' lost idealism. Upon its publication, Burton Rascoe, the newly appointed literary editor of the New York Tribune, approached Zelda for an opportunity to entice readers with a satirical review of Scott's latest work as a publicity stunt.
Although Zelda had carefully proofread drafts of the novel, she pretended in her review to read the novel for the very first time, and she wrote partly in jest that "on one page I recognized a portion of an old diary of mine... and, also, scraps of letters which, though considerably edited, sound to me vaguely familiar. In fact, Mr. Fitzgerald—I believe that is how he spells his name—seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home." In the same review, Zelda joked that she hoped her husband's novel would become a commercial success as "there is the cutest cloth of gold dress for only $300 in a store on Forty-second Street".
The satirical review led to Zelda receiving offers from other magazines to write stories and articles. According to their daughter, Scott "spent many hours editing the short stories she sold to College Humor and to Scribner's Magazine". In June 1922, Metropolitan Magazine published an essay by Zelda Fitzgerald titled "Eulogy on the Flapper". At the time flappers were typically young, modern women who bobbed their hair and wore short skirts. They also drank alcohol and had premarital sex. Though ostensibly a piece about the decline of the flapper lifestyle after its heyday in the early 1920s, Zelda's biographer Nancy Milford wrote that Zelda's essay served as "a defense of her own code of existence." In the article, Zelda described the ephemeral phenomenon of the flapper:
After the publication of The Beautiful and Damned in March 1922, the Fitzgeralds traveled to either New York or St. Paul in order for Zelda to procure an abortion. Ultimately, Zelda would have three abortions during their marriage, and her sister Rosalind later questioned whether Zelda's later mental deterioration was due to health side-effects of these unsafe procedures. Zelda's thoughts on terminating her second pregnancy are unknown, but in the first draft of The Beautiful and Damned, Scott wrote a scene in which Gloria Gilbert believes she is pregnant and Anthony Patch suggests she "talk to some woman and find out what's best to be done. Most of them fix it some way." Anthony's suggestion was removed from the final version, and this significant alteration shifted the focus from a moral dilemma about the act of abortion to Gloria's superficial concern that a baby would ruin her figure.
Following the financial failure of Scott's play The Vegetable, the Fitzgeralds found themselves mired in debt. Although Scott wrote short stories furiously to pay the bills, he became burned out and depressed. During this period, while Scott wrote short stories at home, the New York Police Department detained Zelda near the Queensboro Bridge on the suspicion of her being the "Bobbed Haired Bandit," an infamous spree-robber later identified as Celia Cooney. Following this incident, the couple departed in April 1924 for Paris, France, in the hope of living a more frugal existence abroad in Europe.
Expatriation to Europe
After arriving in Paris, the couple soon relocated to Antibes on the French Riviera. While Scott labored on drafts of The Great Gatsby, Zelda became infatuated with a French naval aviator, Edouard Jozan. The exact details of the supposed romance are unverifiable and contradictory, and Jozan himself claimed the Fitzgeralds invented the entire incident. According to conflicting accounts, Zelda spent afternoons swimming at the beach and evenings dancing at the casinos with Jozan. After several weeks, she asked Scott for a divorce. Scott purportedly challenged Jozan to duel and locked Zelda in their villa until he could kill him. Before any fatal confrontation could occur, Jozan—who had no intention of marrying Zelda—fled the Riviera, and the Fitzgeralds never saw him again. Soon after, Zelda possibly overdosed on sleeping pills.
On his part, Jozan dismissed the entire story as pure fabrication and claimed no romance with Zelda had ever occurred: "They both had a need of drama, they made it up and perhaps they were the victims of their own unsettled and a little unhealthy imagination." In later retellings, both Zelda and Scott embellished the story, and Zelda later falsely told Ernest Hemingway and his wife Hadley Richardson that the affair ended when Jozan committed suicide. In fact, Jozan had been transferred by the French military to Indochina.
Regardless of whether any extramarital affair with Jozan occurred, the episode led to a breach of trust in their marriage, and Fitzgerald wrote in his notebook, "I knew something had happened that could never be repaired." The incident likely influenced Fitzgerald's writing of The Great Gatsby, and he drew upon many elements of his tempestuous relationship with Zelda, including the loss of certainty in her love. In August, he wrote to his friend Ludlow Fowler: "I feel old too, this summer ... the whole burden of this novel—the loss of those illusions that give such color to the world that you don't care whether things are true or false as long as they partake of the magical glory."
Scott finalized The Great Gatsby in October 1924. The couple attempted to celebrate with travel to Rome and Capri, but both were unhappy and unhealthy. When he received the galleys for his novel, Scott fretted over the best title: Trimalchio in West Egg, just Trimalchio or Gatsby, Gold-hatted Gatsby, or The High-bouncing Lover. Disliking Fitzgerald's chosen title of Trimalchio in West Egg, editor Max Perkins persuaded him that the reference was too obscure and that people would be unable to pronounce it. After both Zelda and Perkins expressed their preference for The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald agreed. It was also on this trip, while ill with colitis, that Zelda began painting artworks.
Meeting Ernest Hemingway
Returning to Paris in April 1925, Zelda met Ernest Hemingway, whose career her husband did much to promote. Through Hemingway, the Fitzgeralds were introduced to Gertrude Stein, Alice B. Toklas, Robert McAlmon, and others. Scott and Hemingway became close friends, but Zelda and Hemingway disliked each other from their first meeting. She openly referred to him with homophobic slurs and denounced him as a "fairy with hair on his chest". She considered Hemingway's domineering macho persona to be merely a posture to conceal his homosexuality; in turn, Hemingway told Scott that Zelda was "insane". In his memoir A Moveable Feast, Hemingway claims he realized that Zelda had a mental illness when she insisted that jazz singer Al Jolson was greater than Jesus Christ. Hemingway alleged that Zelda sought to destroy her husband, and she purportedly taunted Fitzgerald over his penis' size. After examining it in a public restroom, Hemingway confirmed Fitzgerald's penis to be of average size.
Hemingway claimed that Zelda urged her husband to write lucrative short stories as opposed to novels in order to support her accustomed lifestyle. To supplement their income, Fitzgerald often wrote stories for magazines such as The Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, and Esquire. "I always felt a story in The Post was tops", Zelda later recalled, "But Scott couldn't stand to write them. He was completely cerebral, you know. All mind." Scott would write his stories in an 'authentic' manner, then rewrite them to add plot twists which increased their salability as magazine stories. This "whoring" for Zelda—as Hemingway dubbed these sales—emerged as a sore point in their friendship. After reading The Great Gatsby, Hemingway vowed to put any differences with Fitzgerald aside and to aid him in any way he could, although he feared Zelda would derail Fitzgerald's career. In a letter to Fitzgerald, Hemingway warned him that Zelda would derail his career:
A more serious rift in the Fitzgerald's marriage occurred when Zelda suspected that Scott was closeted homosexual, and she alleged that Fitzgerald and Hemingway engaged in homosexual relations. In the ensuing months, she frequently belittled Scott with homophobic slurs during their public excursions. Biographer Matthew J. Bruccoli posits that Zelda's inordinate preoccupation with other persons' sexual behavior likely indicated the onset of her paranoid schizophrenia. However, Fitzgerald's sexuality was a popular subject of debate among his friends and acquaintances. As a youth, Fitzgerald had a close relationship with Father Sigourney Fay, a possibly gay Catholic priest, and Fitzgerald later used his last name for the idealized romantic character of Daisy Fay Buchanan. After college, Fitzgerald cross-dressed during outings in Minnesota and flirted with men at social events. While staying in Paris, rumors dogged Fitzgerald among the American expat community that he was gay.
Irritated by Zelda's recurrent homophobic attacks on his sexual identity, Scott decided to have sex with a Parisian prostitute. Zelda found condoms that he had purchased before any sexual encounter occurred, and a bitter quarrel ensued, resulting in ingravescent jealousy. Soon after, a jealous Zelda threw herself down a flight of marble stairs at a party because Fitzgerald, engrossed in talking to American dancer Isadora Duncan, ignored her. In December 1926, after two unpleasant years in Europe which considerably strained their marriage, the Fitzgeralds returned to America, but their marital difficulties continued to fester.
In January 1927, the Fitzgeralds relocated to Los Angeles where Scott wrote Lipstick for United Artists and met Hollywood starlet Lois Moran. Jealous of Moran, Zelda set fire to her clothing in a bathtub as a self-destructive act. She disparaged Moran as "a breakfast food that many men identified with whatever they missed from life." Fitzgerald's relations with Moran exacerbated the Fitzgeralds' marital difficulties and, after merely two months in Hollywood, the unhappy couple relocated to Ellerslie in Wilmington, Delaware, in March 1927. Literary critic Edmund Wilson, recalling a party at the Fitzgerald home in Edgemoor, Delaware, in February 1928, described Zelda as follows:
Obsession and illness
By 1927 at the Ellersie estate in Wilmington, Delaware, Scott had become severely alcoholic, and Zelda's behavior became increasingly erratic. Much of the conflict between them stemmed from the boredom and isolation Zelda experienced when Scott was writing. She would often interrupt him when he was working, and the two grew increasingly miserable. Stung by Fitzgerald's criticism that all great women use their talents constructively, Zelda had a deep desire to develop a talent that was entirely her own.
At the age of 28, she became obsessed with Russian ballet, and she decided to embark upon a career as a prima ballerina. Her friend Gerald Murphy counseled against their ambition and remarked that "there are limits to what a woman of Zelda's age can do and it was obvious that she had taken up the dance too late." Despite being far too old to achieve such an ambition, Scott Fitzgerald paid for Zelda to begin practicing under the tutelage of Catherine Littlefield, director of the Philadelphia Opera Ballet. After the Fitzgeralds returned to Europe in Summer 1928, Scott paid for Zelda to study under Russian ballerina Lubov Egorova in Paris.
In September 1929, the San Carlo Opera Ballet Company in Naples invited her to join their ballet school. In preparation, Zelda undertook a grueling daily practice of up to eight hours a day, and she "punished her body in strenuous efforts to improve." According to Zelda's daughter, although Scott "greatly appreciated and encouraged his wife's unusual talents and ebullient imagination," he became alarmed when her "dancing became a twenty-four-hour preoccupation which was destroying her physical and mental health." Soon after, Zelda collapsed from physical and mental exhaustion. One evening, Scott returned home to find an exhausted Zelda seated on the floor and entranced with a pile of sand. When he asked her what she was doing, she could not speak. Summoning a French doctor, the doctor examined Zelda and informed her husband that "your wife is mad."
Soon after her physical and mental collapse, Zelda's mental health further deteriorated. In October 1929, during an automobile trip to Paris along the mountainous roads of the Grande Corniche, Zelda seized the car's steering wheel and tried to kill herself, her husband, and her 9-year-old daughter Scottie by driving over a cliff. After this homicidal incident, Zelda sought psychiatric treatment. On April 23, 1930, the Malmaison Clinic near Paris admitted her for observation. On May 22, 1930, she moved to Valmont sanatorium in Montreux, Switzerland. The clinic primarily treated gastrointestinal ailments and, due to her profound psychological problems, she was moved again to a psychiatric facility in Prangins on the shores of Lake Geneva on June 5, 1930. At Prangins in June, Dr. Oscar Forel issued a tentative diagnosis of schizophrenia, but he feared her psychological condition might be far worse. Zelda's biographer, Nancy Milford, quotes Dr. Forel's full diagnosis at length:
After five months of observation, Doctor Eugen Bleuler—one of Europe's leading psychiatrists—confirmed Dr. Forel's diagnosis of Zelda as a schizophrenic on November 22, 1930. (Following Zelda's death, later psychiatrists speculated that Zelda instead had bipolar disorder.) She was released from Prangins in September 1931. In an attempt to keep his wife out of an asylum, Scott hired nurses and attendants to care for Zelda at all times. Although there were periods where her behavior was merely eccentric, she could frequently become a danger to herself and others. In one instance, she attempted to throw herself in front of a moving train and, in another instance, she attacked a visiting guest at their home without provocation. Despite her precarious mental health, the couple traveled to Montgomery, Alabama, where her father, Judge Anthony Sayre, lay dying. After her father's death, her mental health again deteriorated and she had another breakdown.
Save Me the Waltz
In February 1932, after an episode of hysteria, Zelda insisted that she be readmitted to a mental hospital. Over her husband's objections, the Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore admitted Zelda on February 12, 1932. Dr. Adolf Meyer, an expert on schizophrenia, oversaw her treatment. As part of her recovery routine, she spent at least two hours a day writing a manuscript. At the Phipps Clinic, Zelda developed a bond with Dr. Mildred Squires, a female resident. When Dr. Squires asked Scott to speculate why Zelda's mental health had deteriorated, Fitzgerald replied:
Toward the end of February 1932, Zelda shared fragments of her manuscript with Dr. Squires, who wrote to Scott that the unfinished novel was vivid and had charm. Zelda wrote to Scott from the hospital, "I am proud of my novel, but I can hardly restrain myself enough to get it written. You will like it—It is distinctly École Fitzgerald, though more ecstatic than yours—perhaps too much so." Zelda finished the novel on March 9. She sent the unaltered manuscript to Scott's editor, Maxwell Perkins, at Scribner's.
Surprised to receive an unannounced novel in the mail from Zelda, Perkins carefully perused the manuscript. He concluded the work had "a slightly deranged quality which gave him the impression that the author had difficulty in separating fiction from reality." He felt the manuscript contained several good sections, but its overall tone seemed hopelessly "dated" and tonally resembled Fitzgerald's 1922 work, The Beautiful and Damned. Perkins hoped that her husband might be able to improve its overall quality with his criticism.
Upon learning that Zelda had submitted her manuscript to Perkins, Scott became angry that she had not shown her manuscript to him beforehand. After reading the manuscript, he objected to her novel's plagiarism of his protagonist in This Side of Paradise. He was further upset to learn that Zelda's novel used the very same plot elements as his upcoming novel, Tender Is the Night. After receiving letters from Scott delineating these objections, Zelda wrote to Scott apologetically that she was "afraid we might have touched the same material."
Despite Scott's initial annoyance, a debt-ridden Fitzgerald realized that Zelda's book might earn a tidy profit. Consequently, his requested revisions were "relatively few," and "the disagreement was quickly resolved, with Scott recommending the novel to Perkins." Several weeks later, Scott wrote to Perkins: "Here is Zelda's novel. It is a good novel now, perhaps a very good novel—I am too close to tell. It has the faults and virtues of a first novel.... It should interest the many thousands in dancing. It is about something and absolutely new, and should sell." Although unimpressed, Perkins agreed to publish the work as a way for Fitzgerald to repay his financial debt to Scribner's. Perkins arranged for half of Zelda's royalties to be applied against Scott's debt to Scribner's until at least $5,000 had been repaid.
In March 1932, the Phipps Clinic discharged Zelda, and she joined her husband Scott and her daughter at the La Paix estate in Baltimore, Maryland. Although discharged, she remained mentally unwell. One month later, Fitzgerald took her to lunch with critic H. L. Mencken, the literary editor of The American Mercury. In his diary, Mencken noted Zelda "went insane in Paris a year or so ago, and is still plainly more or less off her base." Throughout the luncheon, she manifested signs of mental distress. A year later, when Mencken met Zelda for the last time, he described her mental illness as immediately evident to any onlooker and her mind as "only half sane." He regretted that F. Scott Fitzgerald could not write novels, as he had to write magazine stories to pay for Zelda's psychiatric treatment.
On October 7, 1932, Scribner's published Save Me the Waltz with a printing of 3,010 copies—not unusually low for a first novel in the middle of the Great Depression—on cheap paper, with a cover of green linen. According to Zelda, the book derived its title from a Victor record catalog, and the title evoked the romantic glitter of the lifestyle which F. Scott Fitzgerald and herself experienced during the riotous Jazz Age. The parallels to the Fitzgeralds were obvious: The protagonist of the novel is Alabama Beggs—like Zelda, the daughter of a Southern judge—who marries David Knight, an aspiring painter who abruptly becomes famous for his work. They live the fast life in Connecticut before departing to live in France. Dissatisfied with her marriage, Alabama throws herself into ballet. Though told she has no chance, she perseveres and after three years becomes the lead dancer in an opera company. Alabama becomes ill from exhaustion, however, and the novel ends when they return to her family in the South, as her father is dying.
Echoing Zelda's frustrations, the novel portrays Alabama's struggle to establish herself independently of her husband and to earn respect for her own accomplishments. In contrast to Scott's unadorned prose, Zelda's writing style in Save Me the Waltz is replete with verbal flourishes and complex metaphors. The novel is also deeply sensual; as literary scholar Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin observed in 1979, "the sensuality arises from Alabama's awareness of the life surge within her, the consciousness of the body, the natural imagery through which not only emotions but simple facts are expressed, the overwhelming presence of the senses, in particular touch and smell, in every description."
The reviews of Save Me the Waltz by literary critics were overwhelmingly negative. The critics savaged Zelda's florid prose as overwritten, attacked her fictional characters as uninteresting, and mocked her tragic scenes as grotesquely "harlequinade". The New York Times published a particularly harsh review and lambasted her editor Max Perkins: "It is not only that her publishers have not seen fit to curb an almost ludicrous lushness of writing but they have not given the book the elementary services of a literate proofreader." The overwhelmingly negative reviews bewildered and distressed Zelda.
Painting and later years
From the mid-1930s onward, Zelda would be hospitalized sporadically for the rest of her life at sanatoriums in Balitmore, New York, and in Asheville, North Carolina. When Scott visited Zelda in the sanatoriums, she increasingly exhibited signs of mental instability. During one visit, Scott and friends took Zelda on an outing to a nearby home in Tryon, North Carolina. During the lunch, she became withdrawn and ceased communication. On the return drive to the sanatorium, she wrenched open the car door and threw herself out of the moving vehicle in an attempt to kill herself. In another incident, Zelda's unexpected loss of a tennis match at the Asheville sanatorium resulted in her physically attacking her tennis partner and beating them over the head with her tennis racket.
Despite the deterioration of her mental health, she continued pursuing her artistic ambitions. After the critical and commercial failure of Save Me the Waltz, she attempted to write a farcical stage play titled Scandalabra in Fall 1932. However, after submitting the manuscript to agent Harold Ober, Broadway producers rejected her play. Following this rejection, Scott arranged for her play Scandalabra to be staged by a Little Theater group in Baltimore, Maryland, and he sat through long hours of rehearsals of the play. A year later, during a group therapy session with her husband and a psychiatrist, Fitzgerald remarked that she was "a third-rate writer and a third-rate ballet dancer." Following this remark, Zelda attempted to paint watercolors while in and out of sanatoriums.
In March 1934, Scott Fitzgerald arranged the first exhibition of Zelda's artwork—13 paintings and 15 drawings—in New York City. As with the tepid reception of her book, New York critics were ill-disposed towards her paintings. The New Yorker described them merely as "paintings by the almost mythical Zelda Fitzgerald; with whatever emotional overtones or associations may remain from the so-called Jazz Age." No actual description of the paintings was provided in the review.
Following the critical failure of her artwork exhibition, Scott awoke one morning to discover Zelda had gone missing. After the arrival of a doctor and several attendants, a manhunt ensued in New York City. Ultimately, they found Zelda in Central Park digging a grave. Soon after, she became even more violent and reclusive. In 1936, Scott placed her in the Highland Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, writing to friends:
Zelda remained in the hospital while Scott returned to Hollywood for a $1,000-a-week job with MGM in June 1937. Estranged from Zelda, he attempted to reunite with his first love Ginevra King when she visited California in October 1938, but his uncontrolled alcoholism sabotaged their brief reunion. When a disappointed King returned to Chicago, Fitzgerald settled into a clandestine relationship with Hollywood gossip columnist Sheilah Graham. Throughout their relationship, Graham claimed Fitzgerald felt constant guilt over Zelda's mental illness and confinement. He repeatedly attempted sobriety, had depression, had violent outbursts, and attempted suicide.
For the next several years, a depressed Scott continued screenwriting on the West Coast and visiting a hospitalized Zelda on the East Coast. In April 1939, a coterie from Zelda's mental hospital had planned to go to Cuba, but Zelda had missed the trip. The Fitzgeralds decided to go on their own. The trip proved to be a disaster. During this trip, spectators at a cockfight beat F. Scott Fitzgerald when he tried to intervene against animal cruelty. He returned to the United States so exhausted and intoxicated that he required hospitalization. The Fitzgeralds never saw each other again.
Scott returned to Hollywood in order to pay the ever-increasing bills for Zelda's continued hospitalization. She made some progress in Asheville, and in March 1940, four years after admittance, she was discharged to her mother's care. She was nearly forty now, her friends were long gone, and the Fitzgeralds no longer had much money. They wrote to each other frequently, and they made plans to meet again in December 1940. In a letter Zelda wrote to Fitzgerald shortly before he died of a heart attack, she said: "I am sorry that there should be nothing to greet you but an empty shell . . . I love you anyway . . . even if there isn't any me or any love or even any life . . . I love you." Their planned rendezvous did not occur due to Scott's death of occlusive coronary arteriosclerosis at 44 years of age in December 1940. Due to her fragile mental health, Zelda could not attend his funeral in Rockville, Maryland.
After Scott's death, Zelda read his unfinished manuscript titled The Love of the Last Tycoon. She wrote to his friend Edmund Wilson who agreed to edit the book and to eulogize his legacy. Zelda believed Scott's work contained "an American temperament grounded in belief in oneself and 'will-to-survive' that Scott's contemporaries had relinquished. Scott, she insisted, had not. His work possessed a vitality and stamina because of his indefatigable faith in himself." After reading The Last Tycoon, Zelda began work on a new novel, Caesar's Things. As she had missed Scott's funeral due to her mental health, she likewise missed Scottie's wedding. By August 1943, she returned to the Highland Hospital. She worked on her novel while checking in and out of the hospital. She did not get better, and she did not finish the novel.
Hospital fire and death
Towards the end of her life, Zelda resided in and out of sanatoriums. Zelda checked back into the hospital in September 1946, and then she returned to live with her mother Minnie in their Alabama home. By this point in her life, she had undergone over ten years of electroshock therapy and insulin shock treatments. Consequently, she now "suffered from severe loss of memory and an apathetic personality due to constant shock therapies."
Possibly due to these treatments or her deteriorated mental health, she espoused fascism as a political ideology. According to biographer Nancy Milford, Zelda became "taken with the idea of fascism as a way of holding everything together, of ordering the masses." When acquaintance Henry Dan Piper visited Zelda in March 1947, she declared that fascism served "to keep things from falling apart and to keep the finer things from being lost or extinguished."
In November 1947, Zelda returned for the last time to Highland Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina. Due to insulin treatments her weight ballooned to 130 pounds. Acquaintance Edna Garlington Spratt recalled Zelda's grim appearance in the final months before her death: "She was anything but pretty when I saw her. She acted normal, but she looked so dreadful. Her hair was stringy and she had lost all pride in herself." Early in March 1948, her doctors told her she was better and she could leave, but she allegedly stayed for further treatment.
On the night of March 10, 1948, a fire broke out in the hospital kitchen. Zelda had been sedated and locked in a room on the fifth floor, possibly awaiting shock therapy. The fire moved through the dumbwaiter shaft, spreading onto every floor. The fire escapes were wooden, and they caught fire as well. Nine women, including Zelda, died. She was identified by her dental records and, according to other reports, one of her slippers. A follow-up investigation raised the unconfirmed possibility that the fire had been a work of arson by Willie Mae, a disgruntled or mentally disturbed hospital employee who had initiated the fire in the kitchen.
Zelda and Scott were buried in Rockville, Maryland, originally in Rockville Cemetery, away from his family plot. Only one photograph of the original gravesite is known to exist, taken in 1970 by Fitzgerald scholar Richard Anderson and published in 2016. At her daughter Scottie's request, Zelda and Scott were interred with the other Fitzgeralds at Saint Mary's Catholic Cemetery. Inscribed on their tombstone is the final sentence of The Great Gatsby: "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past."
Critical reappraisal
At the time of his third and fatal heart attack in December 1940, her husband Scott Fitzgerald died believing himself to be a failure as a writer. Two years later, after the United States' entrance into World War II, an association of publishing executives created the Council on Books in Wartime which distributed 155,000 copies of The Great Gatsby to U.S. soldiers overseas, and the book proved popular among beleaguered troops. By 1944, a full-scale Fitzgerald revival had occurred. Despite the renewed interest in Scott's oeuvre, Zelda's death in March 1948 was little noted in the press.
In 1950, acquaintance and screenwriter Budd Schulberg wrote The Disenchanted, with characters based recognizably on the Fitzgeralds who end up as forgotten former celebrities, he awash with alcohol and she befuddled by mental illness. It was followed in 1951 by Cornell University professor Arthur Mizener's The Far Side of Paradise, a biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald that rekindled interest in the couple among scholars. Mizener's biography was serialized in The Atlantic Monthly, and a story about the book appeared in Life magazine. Scott was depicted as a fascinating failure; Zelda's mental health was largely blamed for his lost potential.
In 1970, however, the history of Zelda and Scott's marriage saw its most profound revision in a book by Nancy Milford, a graduate student at Columbia University. Zelda: A Biography, the first book-length treatment of Zelda's life, became a finalist for the National Book Award and figured for weeks on The New York Times best-seller list. The book recast Zelda as an artist in her own right whose talents were belittled by a controlling husband. Zelda posthumously became an icon of the feminist movement in the 1970s—a woman whose unappreciated potential had been suppressed by patriarchal society.
After the success of Milford's 1970 biography, scholars began to view Zelda's work in a new light. Prior to Milford's biography, scholar Matthew J. Bruccoli had written in 1968 that Zelda's novel Save Me the Waltz was "worth reading partly because anything that illuminates the career of F. Scott Fitzgerald is worth reading—and because it is the only published novel of a brave and talented woman who is remembered for her defeats." However, in the wake of Milford's biography, a new perspective emerged, and scholar Jacqueline Tavernier-Courbin wrote in 1979: "Save Me the Waltz is a moving and fascinating novel which should be read on its own terms equally as much as Tender Is the Night. It needs no other justification than its comparative excellence." After Milford's 1970 biography, Save Me the Waltz became the focus of many literary studies that explored different aspects of her work: how the novel contrasted with Scott's depiction of their marriage in Tender Is the Night, and how the consumer culture that emerged in the 1920s placed stress on modern women.
In 1991, Zelda's collected writings including Save Me the Waltz were edited by Matthew J. Bruccoli and published. Reviewing the collection, The New York Times literary critic Michiko Kakutani wrote "that the novel was written in two months is amazing. That for all its flaws it still manages to charm, amuse and move the reader is even more remarkable. Zelda Fitzgerald succeeded, in this novel, in conveying her own heroic desperation to succeed at something of her own, and she also managed to distinguish herself as a writer with, as Edmund Wilson once said of her husband, a 'gift for turning language into something iridescent and surprising.'"
In addition to a critical reappraisal of her novel, Zelda's artwork also has been reappraised as interesting in its own right. After spending much of the 1950s and 1960s in family attics—Zelda's mother even had much of the art burned because she disliked it—her work drew the renewed interest of scholars. Posthumous exhibitions of her watercolors have toured the United States and Europe. A review of the exhibition by curator Everl Adair noted the influence of Vincent van Gogh and Georgia O'Keeffe on her paintings and concluded that her surviving corpus of art "represents the work of a talented, visionary woman who rose above tremendous odds to create a fascinating body of work—one that inspires us to celebrate the life that might have been."
Scholars continue to debate the role that Zelda and Scott may have had in inspiring and stifling each other's creativity. Biographer Sally Cline wrote that the two camps can be "as diametrically opposed as the Plath and Hughes literary camps"—a reference to the heated controversy about the relationship of husband–wife poets Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath. In particular, partisan scholars of Zelda frequently depict Scott Fitzgerald as a domineering husband who drove his wife insane.
In response to this narrative, Zelda's daughter Scottie Fitzgerald wrote an essay dispelling such "inaccurate" interpretations. She particularly objected to revisionist depictions of her mother as "the classic 'put down' wife, whose efforts to express her artistic nature were thwarted by a typically male chauvinist husband". In contrast, Scottie insisted "that my father greatly appreciated and encouraged his wife's unusual talents and ebullient imagination. Not only did he arrange for the first showing of her paintings in New York in 1934 he sat through long hours of rehearsals of her one play, Scandalabra, staged by a Little Theater group in Baltimore; he spent many hours editing the short stories she told to College Humor and to Scribner's Magazine." Towards the end of her life, Scottie wrote a final coda about her parents to a biographer: "I have never been able to buy the notion that it was my father's drinking which led her to the sanitarium. Nor do I think she led him to the drinking."
Legacy and influence
Zelda was the inspiration for "Witchy Woman", the song of seductive enchantresses written by Don Henley and Bernie Leadon for the Eagles, after Henley read Zelda's biography; of the muse, the partial genius behind her husband F. Scott Fitzgerald, the wild, bewitching, mesmerizing, quintessential "flapper" of the Jazz Age.
Zelda's name served as inspiration for Princess Zelda, the eponymous character of The Legend of Zelda series of video games. In 2003, a wild turkey which roamed Battery Park in New York City was named Zelda due to a famous episode when, during one of her nervous breakdowns, she went missing and was found in Battery Park, apparently having walked several miles downtown. In 1989, the F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald museum opened in Montgomery, Alabama. The museum is in a house they briefly rented in 1931 and 1932. It is one of the few places where some of Zelda's paintings are kept on display.
In 1992, Zelda and her daughter Scottie were posthumously inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame.
In 2023, Hatteras Sky and Lark Hotels planned three boutique hotels in Asheville, North Carolina, two of which will have Zelda Fitzgerald themes. Zelda Dearest, with 20 rooms, will have the "beauty and optimism" of Zelda's early life. Zelda Salon, named for Gertrude Stein's home in France, will have 35 rooms, with the design based on where the Fitzgeralds stayed in the 1920s.
References
Notes
Citations
Works cited
Primary sources
Print sources
Online sources
. Republished online summer 2017.
External links
"Zelda Fitzgerald", Encyclopedia of Alabama
1900 births
1948 deaths
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
20th-century American Episcopalians
American women novelists
American socialites
American female dancers
American dancers
Novelists from Alabama
Burials in Maryland
Accidental deaths in North Carolina
American debutantes
Writers from Asheville, North Carolina
Sidney Lanier High School alumni
Writers from Montgomery, Alabama
Deaths from fire in the United States
Chittenden family
People with schizophrenia
American writers with disabilities |
Giuliano Marinho dos Santos, better known simply as Giuliano (born August 13, 1977 in Cruzeiro do Sul, Paraná) is a Brazilian professional football player last on contract with Montenegrin First League club FK Budućnost Podgorica.
Honours
Ituano
Campeonato Paulista: 2002
External links
Stats from Montenegro at FSCG.co.me
Living people
1977 births
Brazilian emigrants to Poland
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Ituano FC players
Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto) players
Associação Ferroviária de Esportes players
Esporte Clube XV de Novembro (Piracicaba) players
CR Vasco da Gama players
Paraná Clube players
Legia Warsaw players
Widzew Łódź players
Pogoń Szczecin players
Ekstraklasa players
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Panionios F.C. players
Panachaiki F.C. players
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Niki Volos F.C. players
Super League Greece players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
FK Budućnost Podgorica players
Expatriate men's footballers in Montenegro
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football defenders |
Major General Les Rudman was a General Officer in the South African Army from the infantry.
Military career
General Rudman was an honorary Special Forces Operator, Pathfinder and parachutist instructor.
He was appointed to the post of Deputy Chief of the South African Army on 1 October 2011.
He was awarded the Sword of Honour at the South African Military Academy in 1976. He retired at the end of 2014 and was succeeded by Maj Gen Lawrence Smith. He served at 31 Battalion as Company Commander, 32 Battalion with the Pathfinders and for this he was awarded the Pro Virtute Decoration, 1 Parachute Battalion and Brigade Commander 44 Parachute Brigade while still based in Wallmansthall. He was Army attaché to Washington, DC where he was replaced by Col Chris Gildenhuys from the Armoured corps. He was appointed as Commanding General of the Special Forces Brigade reporting to Lt Gen Deon Ferreira and Lt Gen Godfrey Ngwenya, taking over from Brig Gen Borries Bornman. After this prestigious posting, he was promoted to the rank of major general as Chief Director Corporate Services in the Army Headquarters successively under Lt Gen Gilbert Ramano and Lt Gen Solly Shoke. His last appointment was as Deputy Chief of the South African Army.
Honours and awards
Peacemaker Medal (Brazil)
References
External links
South African Army generals
South African military officers
Living people
1955 births
Military attachés |
The Agricultural Society of Baton Rouge was an agricultural organization established in Baton Rouge in 1827. The purpose of the society was as follows: "The sole and special objects of the said society shall be the improvement of agriculture, the amelioration of the breed of horses, of horned cattle, and others, and in all of the several branches relative to agriculture in a country."
The organization was founded by Fulwar Skipwith, Armand Duplantier, Antoine Blanc, Thomas B. Robertson, and Sebastien Hiriart. Membership was restricted to "free white persons of the age of twenty one years who now are or hereafter elected to" the society.
In 1828 the organization, led by its president Philip Hicky lobbied against the removal of a tax on West Indian sugar. The argument presented by the society included a summary of the economics of sugar production using unpaid enslaved African American labour. Hicky claimed that whereas some slave owners had made profits as much as $192.50 per enslaved African American, many had also profited by less than $150 per head. The society claimed that the removal of this tax would endanger the economic viability of 700 sugar plantations and $45m of estimated capital invested.
References
Organizations based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Organizations established in 1827
Agricultural organizations based in the United States
1827 establishments in Louisiana
History of Baton Rouge, Louisiana |
Vitrea pygmaea is a species of gastropods belonging to the family Pristilomatidae.
Description
The shell is very small: 0.7-0.8 mm x 1.4-2.1 mm. It is colourless, sometimes slightly pale greenish yellow. The shell contains 3.5-4 whorls. The body whorl is twice as wide as penultimate whorl, or even more. The umbilicus is very wide and perspectivical, all whorls well visible inside. This species can usually not be confounded with any other species.
Distribution
The species inhabits Turkmenistan, Northern Iran, Iraq-Kurdistan, Caucasus region, Crimea, Turkey, Bulgaria, Croatia, Albania, Greece, possibly also Italy. The type locality is contained in Georgia.
This species can be found in deciduous oak/hornbeam and pinetree forests with pH 4.5. It can survive continuous periods of drought. In Bulgaria it occurs between 300 and 1400 m.
References
Pintér, L. (1972). Die Gattung Vitrea Fitzinger, 1833 in den Balkanländern (Gastropoda: Zonitidae). Annales Zoologici, 29 (8): 209-315. Warszawa
Riedel, A. (1995). Zonitidae sensu lato (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) der Türkei. Übersicht der Arten. Fragmenta Faunistica, 38 (1): 1-86. Warszawa
Sysoev, A. V. & Schileyko, A. A. (2009). Land snails and slugs of Russia and adjacent countries. Sofia/Moskva (Pensoft). 312 pp., 142 plates
Bank, R. A.; Neubert, E. (2017). Checklist of the land and freshwater Gastropoda of Europe. Last update: July 16th, 2017
External links
Boettger, O. (1880). Kaukasische Mollusken gesammelt von Herrn Hans Leder, z. Z. in Tiflis. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft. 7 (2): 109-150, pl. 4. Frankfurt am Main
Pristilomatidae |
The 1949 World Table Tennis Championships were held in Stockholm from February 4 to February 10, 1949.
Medalists
Team
Individual
References
External links
ITTF Museum
World Table Tennis Championships
World Table Tennis Championships
World Table Tennis Championships
Table tennis competitions in Sweden
World Table Tennis Championships, 1949
International sports competitions in Stockholm
World Table Tennis Championships |
```javascript
/**
* Simple service to return configuration for generic list. This service contains only
* getter methods that all list views uses in Boilerplate frontend application.
*
* So generally you change these getter methods and changes are affected to all list
* views on application.
*
* @todo text translations
*/
(function () {
'use strict';
angular.module('frontend.core.services')
.factory('ListConfig', [
'_', 'DialogService', '$log', 'AuthService','MessageService',
function factory(_, DialogService, $log, AuthService, MessageService) {
/**
* List title item configuration.
*/
let titleItems = {
service: [
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'host',
column: 'host',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'extras.tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
route: [
{
title: 'name / id',
column: 'id',
width: 100,
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'hosts',
column: 'hosts',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'service',
column: 'service',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'paths',
column: 'paths',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
api: [
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'upstream url',
column: 'upstream_url',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
consumerApi: [
{
title: 'name',
width: 200,
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
consumerACLs: [
{
title: 'group',
column: 'group',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
consumerService: [
{
title: 'name',
width: 200,
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'host',
column: 'host',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
consumerRoute: [
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'hosts',
column: 'hosts',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'service',
column: 'service',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'paths',
column: 'paths',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
target: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'target',
column: 'target',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'weight',
column: 'weight'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
upstream: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'slots',
column: 'slots'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
upstreamAlert: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'Upstream',
column: 'upstream_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Connection',
column: 'connection'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
}
],
kongnode: [
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'type',
column: 'type',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'kong admin url',
column: 'kong_admin_url',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'kong version',
column: 'kong_version'
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
},
],
consumerWithCreds: [
{
title: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'username',
column: 'username',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'custom_id',
column: 'custom_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Matching Credentials',
column: 'plugins',
searchable: true,
sortable: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: '',
hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('consumers', 'delete'),
column: false,
width: 1
},
],
consumer: [
{
title: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'username',
column: 'username',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'custom_id',
column: 'custom_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'created_at',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: '',
hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('consumers', 'delete'),
column: false,
width: 1
},
],
user: [
//{
// title: '#',
// width : 1
//},
{
title: '',
column: '',
width: 1
},
{
title: 'username',
column: 'username',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'first name',
column: 'firstName',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'last name',
column: 'lastName',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: 'updated',
column: 'updatedAt',
sortable: true,
},
{
title: '',
hide: !AuthService.hasPermission('users', 'delete'),
column: '',
width: 1
},
],
snapshot: [
//{
// title: 'id',
// column: 'id',
// searchable: true,
// sortable: true,
// inSearch: true,
// inTitle: true
//},
{
title: 'name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'node',
column: 'kong_node_name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created at',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
snapshotschedule: [
{
title: 'connection',
column: 'connection',
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Schedule',
column: 'cron',
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'created at',
column: 'createdAt',
sortable: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
plugin: [
{
title: 'Name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'scope',
column: 'scope',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'apply to',
column: 'item_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true,
},
{
title: 'Consumer',
column: 'consumer_id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Created',
column: 'created_at',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: false,
sortable: false,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
}
],
certificate: [
{
title: 'id',
column: 'id',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'tags ',
column: 'tags',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'snis',
column: 'snis',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Created',
column: 'created_at',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: false,
sortable: false,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
}
],
userlogin: [
{
title: 'IP-address',
column: 'ip',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Browser',
column: 'browser',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Operating System',
column: 'os',
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Username',
column: false,
class: 'col-xs-2',
searchable: false,
sortable: false,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Login time',
column: 'createdAt',
class: 'col-xs-4',
searchable: false,
sortable: true,
inSearch: false,
inTitle: true
}
],
"cluster.nodes": [
{
title: 'Status',
column: 'status',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Name',
column: 'name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Address',
column: 'address',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
}
],
hc: [
{
title: '',
column: 'active',
sortable: true
},
{
title: 'api',
column: 'api.name',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'hc endpoint',
column: 'health_check_endpoint',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'notification endpoint',
column: 'notification_endpoint',
searchable: true,
sortable: true,
inSearch: true,
inTitle: true
},
{
title: 'Created',
column: 'created_at',
class: 'col-xs-2',
sortable: false
}
],
};
let defaultLimit = 1000;
return {
defaultLimit: defaultLimit,
getConfig: function getConfig(property, model) {
return {
itemCount: 0,
items: [],
itemsFetchSize: defaultLimit,
itemsPerPage: 25,
titleItems: this.getTitleItems(property),
itemsPerPageOptions: [10, 25, 50, 100],
currentPage: 1,
sort: {
column: 'created_at',
direction: true,
},
filters: {
searchWord: '',
columns: this.getTitleItems(property)
},
where: {},
loading: true,
loaded: false,
handleErrors: function (err) {
model.scope.errors = {}
if (err.data && err.data.body) {
Object.keys(err.data.body).forEach(function (key) {
model.scope.errors[key] = err.data.body[key]
})
}
},
changeSort: function changeSort(item) {
var sort = model.scope.sort;
if (sort.column === item.column) {
sort.direction = !sort.direction;
} else {
sort.column = item.column;
sort.direction = true;
}
},
deleteItem: function deleteItem($index, item) {
DialogService.confirm(
"Confirm", "Really want to delete the selected item?",
['No don\'t', 'Yes! delete it'],
function accept() {
model.delete(item.id || item.name)
.then(function (res) {
var context = model.scope.items.data || model.scope.items;
context.splice(context.indexOf(item), 1);
}, function (err) {
$log.error("ListConfigService : Model delete failed => ", err)
MessageService.error('Something went wrong! ' + _.get(err,'data.body.message',""))
});
}, function decline() {
});
}
};
},
/**
* Getter method for lists title items. These are defined in the 'titleItems'
* variable.
*
* @param {String} model Name of the model
*
* @returns {Array}
*/
getTitleItems: function getTitleItems(model) {
return _.isUndefined(titleItems[model]) ? [] : titleItems[model];
}
};
}
])
;
}());
``` |
Fallingbrook can refer to the following:
Fallingbrook, Ottawa, a neighbourhood in the community of Orléans, in the city of Ottawa
Fallingbrook Middle School in Mississauga, Ontario |
Cheilodipterus novemstriatus, the Indian Ocean twospot cardinalfish, is a species of ray-finned fish from the Indian Ocean, which is a member of the family Apogonidae. It has colonised the eastern Mediterranean Sea by way of the Suez Canal since 2011.
Description
Cheilodipterus novemstriatus has a slender body with a short snout, a terminal mouth which has canine-like teeth in both jaws, although no teeth occur at the symphysis of the lower jaw, and a large eye. Of the two dorsal fins, the origin of the first is slightly behind the origin of the pelvic fin. The anal fin is in line with the second dorsal fin and the caudal fin is forked.
The body is an overall silver-grey in colour with five contrasting, longitudinal black stripes with the upper running near the base of the dorsal fin. The middle or third stripe starts at the snout running across the eye to the caudal peduncle, while the lower stripe runs along ventral surface in an arc, which terminates in front of the base of the pectoral fin, the portion of this stripe often becomes indistinct towards the base of the anal fin. The caudal peduncle has a large, oval, black spot which is surrounded by yellow background on the caudal peduncle and a second black spot is located on the dorsal surface of caudal peduncle. It is a small species, reaching a maximum length of , but more commonly measures in length.
Distribution
C. novemstriatus is native to the western Indian Ocean from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf. In 2011, it was recorded in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel, then in Lebanon in 2012, southeastern Turkey in 2014 and in Cyprus in 2015. It is now established in the Levantine Sea, most likely introduced from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal.
Biology
C. novemstriatus is common in shallow, sheltered waters and is found at depths of over rocky reefs or coral, which have holes and ledges. It will shelter among the spines of sea urchins of the genus Diadema in groups of as many as 30 individuals, although this depends on the relative sizes of the urchin to those of the fishes. It has also been recorded from a shipwreck at a depth of in the Mediterranean, where it was sympatric with the indigenous Mediterranean cardinalfish Apogon imberbis; it has also been recorded on hard substrates covered with calcareous algae, near rocky crevices and overhangs. It has been recorded sheltering alongside juveniles of the native wrasse Coris julis.
C. novemstriatus is nocturnal and emerges from its daytime shelters to feed in more open areas, and its nocturnal habits may have facilitated its successful invasion of the eastern Mediterranean, as few indigenous nocturnal competitors exist. Its main food is zooplankton, and in the Red Sea, it is frequently encountered at night along sandy shores at depths of 0.5-1.5 m. It is a social species and gathers in large groups, especially in its daytime shelters and even in the newly established Mediterranean populations, large schools have been encountered. Like other species of cardinalfish, C. novemstriatus shows pairing behaviour and courtship and the male broods the eggs in his mouth.
References
novemstriatus
Taxa named by Eduard Rüppell
Fish described in 1838 |
Sir Song Ong Siang () was a lawyer and active citizen of the British Crown Colony of the Straits Settlements. He was an ethnic Hokkien as well as a third generation Hokkien Peranakan Baba (Peranakan term for man) Chinese with ancestry from Zhangzhou in Minnan region, and the first ever Asian in Singapore to be knighted. Song was noted for his contributions to the development of the Singapore civil society, and was held in esteem throughout the Colony.
Background
Song was born in Singapore to Song Hoot Kiam (), the founder of the Straits Chinese Church (now Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church) and Ms Phan Fung Lean, a wife from Elder Song's second marriage. He was the eldest son from Song Hoot Kiam's second marriage – the youngest of the three sons of borne from Elder Song's two marriages.
As a youth, Song studied at The Raffles Institution and briefly at Christian Brothers' School (now St. Joseph's institution). He was a brilliant student, and won the Guthrie Scholarship at the age of 12 – a record he held for five years. The young Song was disqualified from the honor of being the first Queen's Scholar - the honor went to Dr Lim Boon Keng - as he was under-aged at the time of the award.
He was eventually awarded the Scholarship in 1888, becoming the only Chinese Queen's Scholar to read law in England. He was an outstanding scholar at the Middle Temple and Downing College in Cambridge. In 1893, Song was called to the Bar, entering legal practice upon returning to Singapore. In that same year he set up the legal firm, Aitken and Ong Siang at the age of 22. Song was also a shareholder and trustee of the Anglo - Chinese Boarding School in 1904. In 1907 he married Helen Yeo () in a military wedding – the first of its kind for a Chinese in Singapore.
Song was a devout Presbyterian. When the elder Song died in 1900, he succeeded his father as church elder, actively involved in the development of the Church choir and the church magazine. He was also a volunteer preacher, and served as Chairman of The Chinese Christian Association, formed in 1889 by the Elder Song.
Song played an active role in community service, and deeply concerned with the welfare of the Straits Chinese and female education. As he was effectively bilingual in Malay and English, he produced the first Romanized Malay-language newspaper, Bintang Timor in 1894. The paper only ran for less than a year due to lack of support. Three years later, Song and Dr Lim Boon Keng began the Straits Chinese Magazine, an English language newspaper which enjoyed popular support by the community for 11 years. They were later joined by Dr Wu Lien-teh as a fellow editor.
He also founded the Singapore Chinese Girls' School together with Lim and other prominent Straits Chinese gentlemen, in July 1899 on Hill Street. The school taught Romanised Malay, Chinese, Arithmetic, Geography, Music and Sewing to equip young girls for their future roles as wives and mothers.
Song continued to contribute to the society by founding the Chinese Philomathic Society, and Straits Chinese British Association, and the Hullett Memorial Library in his alma mater The Raffles Institution together with Lim in 1923. He also became the first Chinese Captain in the Chinese Volunteer Corps in Singapore. His notable work to the society earned him a place as a Nominated Member of the Singapore's Legislative Council in 1919 and again serving as Member from 1924-1927. For his outstanding work in the Colony, Song was conferred the O.B.E. in 1927, and the K.B.E. in 1936 by King George V.
Above all the contributions made, it was his monumental work on writing and publishing the 600-page book, One Hundred Years' History of the Chinese in Singapore in 1923 that earned him a significant recognition in the annals of Singapore history. It remains an invaluable work of reference on Singapore history today.
Song died in 1941.
References
Bibliography
Cook, John Angus Bethune (1907) Sunny Singapore : an account of the place and its people, with a sketch of the results of missionary work. London : E. Stock.
Clammer, J. R. (1980). Straits Chinese Society: Studies in the sociology of Baba communities of Malaysia and Singapore. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church (1993) Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church: 150 Years of Faithfulness, 1843-1993. Singapore: The Church.
Song Ong Siang (1923) One Hundred Years' History of the Chinese in Singapore.London : J. Murray.
'Singapore days of old : a special commemorative history of Singapore' published on the Singapore Tatler 10th anniversary issue (1992). Hong Kong: Illustrated Magazine.
Wright, A., & Cartwright, H. A. (eds.)(1908) Twentieth century impressions of British Malay: its history, people, commerce, industries and resources. London: Lloyd's Greater Britain Pub.
External links
Singapore Chinese Girls' School, "Our History"
Mr Song Ong Siang; his life and work.
One Hundred Year's History of the Chinese in Singapore
Singaporean people of Hokkien descent
Peranakan people in Singapore
Singaporean Presbyterians
20th-century Singaporean lawyers
Queen's Scholars (British Malaya and Singapore)
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Raffles Institution alumni
1941 deaths
1871 births
19th-century Singaporean lawyers
People from British Malaya |
Anatoliy Petrovych Bezsmertnyi (; born 21 January 1969) is a Ukrainian professional football coach and former player.
Career
Bezsmertnyi started to play football at the Dynamo sports school of Olympic Reserve and his first coach was Volodymyr Onyshchenko.
He made his professional debut in the Soviet Second League in 1987 for SC Tavriya Simferopol. In 1988 he was drafted to military service and spent couple of seasons playing for a sports company of SKA Lvov in competitions for armed forces and later at professional level for its descendant Halychyna Drohobych.
After his military service, Bezsmertnyi spent a season in neighboring Zakarpattia playing for a Mukachevo team. At the end of 1991 with a help of the Zakarpattia native and Dynamo's veteran Mykhailo Koman, he returned to Dynamo Kyiv.
While being a manager of Dnipro Cherkasy, in 2008-09 Bezsmertnyi played couple of seasons at the national Amateur League for a veteran team Irpin Horenychi from Kyiv suburbs. He won the 2008 Ukrainian Amateur Cup with club in 2008 by beating in finals Halychyna Lviv.
As part of the FC Poltava coaching staff, at age 45 Bezsmertnyi also played a match for another Kyivan veteran team "Yevrobis-Ahrobiznes" that in 2014 Ukrainian Amateur Cup played only one game against ODEK Orzhiv at the CSK ZSU Stadium.
Honours
Ukrainian Premier League: 1993; runner-up 1992
Ukrainian Amateur Cup holder: 2008
Russian Second Division Zone South best defender: 2004
References
1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Kyiv
Soviet men's footballers
Ukrainian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football defenders
Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers
Ukrainian Premier League players
Russian Premier League players
SC Tavriya Simferopol players
FC Halychyna Drohobych players
FC Karpaty Mukacheve players
FC Dynamo Kyiv players
FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv players
FC Tyumen players
FC Rostov players
FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players
PFC Dynamo Stavropol players
FC Dnipro Cherkasy players
FC Irpin Horenychi players
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Ukrainian football managers
Ukrainian Premier League managers
Ukrainian First League managers
Ukrainian Second League managers
FC Dnipro Cherkasy managers
FC Poltava managers
PFC Sumy managers
FC Polissya Zhytomyr managers
FC Lviv managers
FC Viktoriya Mykolaivka managers
FC Alians Lypova Dolyna managers |
Asymphorodes xanthostola is a moth of the family Agonoxenidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1934. It is found on the Marquesas Archipelago.
References
Moths described in 1934
Agonoxeninae
Moths of Oceania
Endemic fauna of French Polynesia
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick |
Stronghold is a live album by the English rock band Magnum, released in 1997 by SPV. It is the UK re-release of The Last Dance, which originally was only distributed in Europe. This edition included bonus tracks.
Sanctuary Records released a remastered and expanded edition in 2007, along with Magnum's first six albums. The deluxe packaging has new sleeve notes and an exclusive interview with Tony Clarkin.
Track listing
Cover sleeve
The cover art was designed by Rodney Matthews.
Personnel
Tony Clarkin — guitar
Bob Catley — vocals
Wally Lowe — bass guitar
Mark Stanway — keyboards
Mickey Barker — drums
References
External links
www.magnumonline.co.uk — Official Magnum site
Magnum (band) live albums
1996 live albums
SPV/Steamhammer live albums
Albums with cover art by Rodney Matthews |
```java
package com.yahoo.document.json.readers;
import com.yahoo.document.PositionDataType;
import com.yahoo.document.datatypes.FieldValue;
import com.yahoo.document.json.TokenBuffer;
import static com.yahoo.document.json.readers.JsonParserHelpers.*;
/**
* @author arnej
*/
public class GeoPositionReader {
static void fillGeoPosition(TokenBuffer buffer, FieldValue positionFieldValue) {
Double latitude = null;
Double longitude = null;
expectObjectStart(buffer.current());
int initNesting = buffer.nesting();
for (buffer.next(); buffer.nesting() >= initNesting; buffer.next()) {
String curName = buffer.currentName();
if ("lat".equals(curName) || "latitude".equals(curName)) {
latitude = readDouble(buffer) * 1.0e6;
} else if ("lng".equals(curName) || "longitude".equals(curName)) {
longitude = readDouble(buffer) * 1.0e6;
} else if ("x".equals(curName)) {
longitude = readDouble(buffer);
} else if ("y".equals(curName)) {
latitude = readDouble(buffer);
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected attribute "+curName+" in geo position field");
}
}
expectObjectEnd(buffer.current());
if (latitude == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing 'lat' attribute in geo position field");
}
if (longitude == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing 'lng' attribute in geo position field");
}
int y = (int) Math.round(latitude);
int x = (int) Math.round(longitude);
var geopos = PositionDataType.valueOf(x, y);
positionFieldValue.assign(geopos);
}
private static double readDouble(TokenBuffer buffer) {
try {
return Double.parseDouble(buffer.currentText());
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expected a number but got '" + buffer.currentText());
}
}
}
``` |
Craig Headland (born October 25, 1960) is an American politician. He is a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives from the 29th District, serving since 2002. He is a member of the Republican party.
Headland serves as chairman of the House Finance and Taxation committee.
References
Living people
1960 births
People from Jamestown, North Dakota
Republican Party members of the North Dakota House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians |
Renate Reimann-Haas (born 8 October 1951) is a German-Austrian entrepreneur and heiress who owns a quarter of JAB Holding Company.
Life and career
Reimann-Haas is the great-great-granddaughter of Karl Ludwig Reimann and comes from the wealthy entrepreneurial family Reimann. She is the oldest biological daughter of Albert Reimann from his illegitimate relationship with Emilie Landecker (1922-2017). In 1965, she was adopted by Albert together with her two siblings Wolfgang Reimann and Andrea Reimann-Ciardelli.
In 1984, Reimann-Haas inherited 11.1% of Joh. A. Benckiser GmbH from her father, which in 1999 merged with the British listed company Reckitt & Colman to form Reckitt Benckiser. In 2005, together with her brother Wolfgang and her half-siblings Stefan Reimann-Andersen and Matthias Reimann-Andersen, she founded the non-profit Benckiser Stiftung Zukunft. In 2019, as a result of the family's involvement with the Nazi regime, the foundation was transferred to the Alfred Landecker Foundation based in Berlin.
Reiman-Haas holds a doctorate in chemistry and worked in the organic chemistry department at the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research with Heinz A. Staab in Heidelberg until the mid-2000s. Together, they published several specialist articles in the journal Angewandte Chemie.
Personal life
At her former place of residence in Laudenbach, Reimann-Haas was briefly chairwoman of the Musikverein Laudenbach e.V. and played the clarinet in the BigBand, but otherwise lived an inconspicuous life. There are almost no interviews and photos of her.
Reimann-Haas is married and has three children, Evelin, Susanne and Martin Haas. In 2006, she acquired Austrian citizenship and has not lived in Germany since. Forbes estimated her net worth at $3.9 billion in 2021.
References
1951 births
Living people
Austrian billionaires
German billionaires
Female billionaires
German emigrants to Austria
Reckitt people |
Jack Tull Casey (January 2, 1909 - March 12, 1974) was a member of the California State Assembly for the 38th District. He was a member of the Education Committee. During his one term in the Assembly he authored the state's Medi-Cal legislation.
In the 1960s the 38th district represented parts of Bakersfield, California. Casey attended a speech by then-Senator John F. Kennedy at the Bakersfield Airport in 1960.
Personal life
Casey was married to Ruth N. McNaughton in 1935 and had one child, Sharon Marie. According to Political Graveyard, Casey was a Member of Native Sons of the Golden West, the Freemasons, and the American Association of University Professors.
References
External links
Join California Jack T. Casey
Democratic Party members of the California State Assembly
1909 births
1974 deaths
20th-century American politicians |
Mihovica () is a settlement on the right bank of the Krka River in the Municipality of Šentjernej in southeastern Slovenia. Traditional 19th-century farmhouses and outbuildings are preserved in the village core and it has been included on the Slovenian Ministry of Culture's register of national heritage. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
References
External links
Mihovica on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Šentjernej |
Route 690 is a long mostly north–south secondary highway in the southwestern portion of New Brunswick, Canada. Most of the route is in Canning Parish.
The route starts at Route 10 between Minto and Newcastle Bridge, where it travels southeast through a mostly forested area to Newcastle Creek on the east bank of Grand Lake. From here, the road travels southwest past Evans Road and Flowers Cove where it turns south through Sypher Cove. The road then passes The Keyhole while continuing through Princess Park. It then travels to Douglas Harbour before turning northeast to Clarks Corners. The road again turns southwest, and it passes Hunters Ferry Cove, Hunters Island and Maquapit Lake before intersecting with Route 670 in Lakeville Corner. From here, the road travels southwest through Fulton Island, past Harrison Island, to end at McGowans Corner at Route 105 on the Saint John River.
History
See also
References
690
690
690 |
Charles Baskerville (July 18, 1870 – January 28, 1922) was an American chemist. He announced the discovery of two new elements which claimed to have separated from thorium. Carolinium and berzelium later were identified to be identical with thorium.
Life
Baskerville was born June 6, 1870, in Noxubee County, Mississippi. He studied chemistry at the University of Mississippi in 1886 and 1887 and graduated at from the University of Virginia. Later he studied at the Vanderbilt University, the University of Berlin and the University of North Carolina, where he received his B.S. degree in 1892 and Ph.D. in 1894. He became professor at the University of North Carolina and moved to the College of the City of New York in 1904, where he stayed until his death in 1922. He was survived by his wife, son and daughter. His son, Charles Baskerville, Jr., later became a successful artist.
Over his career, Baskerville published 190 papers, 8 books, and 16 patents. He was one of the most constant attendants on the meetings of the American Chemical Society, also a Fellow of the London Chemical Society, member of the Society of Chemical Industry, of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Electrochemical Society, the Washington and New York Academies of Science, the Franklin Institute, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
References
External links
Prof. Baskerville Dies of Pneumonia; Director at City College Had Done Notable Research Work in Industrial Chemistry January 30, 1922, Monday
1870 births
1922 deaths
19th-century players of American football
American chemists
American football fullbacks
City College of New York faculty
North Carolina Tar Heels football players
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill faculty
University of Virginia alumni
Players of American football from Mississippi
Chemists from Mississippi |
Buhos is a rock group from Calafell in the comarca of Baix Penedès in Catalonia, Spain which was founded in 2005.
History
Early period (2007–2013)
After its founding in 2007, their first demo Rebelión was published on the street. The group gained popularity after a series of songs about FC Barcelona which they recorded for radio stations and RAC 1. They also published satirical songs about current events for TV programs on Catalan TV station TV3. During this time, the band devoted a large part of its repertoire to covers, along with some original songs of their own.
Búhos musically celebrated soccer titles won by FC Barcelona, accompanied by Pep Guardiola in Plaça de Catalunya and in Barcelona's Arc de Triomf. During the first years of their career, the songs that could be heard at Búhos concerts were covers from other groups along with some original material, including their ("Child of the 80s", with Gerard Quintana), (the first song among many dedicated to the Argentinian soccer star), , and .
The Buhos made a compilation album in 2010 from all the demo tapes they recorded in their early period, which they called .
Later period (2014–present)
In 2014, their later period began with a new line-up, and the release of their album ("Wilderness") consisting of all original songs, which would become a hallmark of this period. With the release of this album, they began touring venues such as Clownia, Acampada Jove, or the annual La Mercè festival.
In March 2016, the album ("Full Moon") went on sale and consolidated their position as one of the leading Catalan music groups. They performed it at Clownia on Saint John's Eve and after a series of summer concerts, received Ràdio 4's Catalan Album of the Year Award and the 2016 Enderrock Award for best video for their ("Barcelona lights up"). In December of that year, they performed the TV3 Christmas song of the year, entitled ("Welcome Bells").
In 2018, the Buhos released ("Living It Up"), the third album of their latter period. The album has more of a rock style, and more demanding lyrics, as in ("The Plot") or ("The Last Colony"). Weeks after the album was released they sold out the Razzmatazz in Barcelona, and the lead track of the album, "", became the 2018 song of the year by audience vote of the Enderrock audience.
In 2019 the group had its best tour ever, performing at all the top venues of the Catalan countries, including at least 70 concerts where they were headliners on top programs of Catalan music. In April 2019, the previously unpublished song "" came out.
Discography
Canciones para no dormir (2005)
F.C. Clandestinos
100 ventanas
Llámame
La suegra
Zumo sexual
Volverás
Lunes de miel
Rebelión en la plaza (2007)
La danza de la esperanza
Botellón
Agua
Pedrito el Cantante
Esta calor me está matando
Estoy quemado
Que tengas suerte
Rock and Roll
España (la fiesta de la especulación)
Los vecinos de este bar
La dansa de l'esperança (Bonus track)
Radio Buhos (2009)
Que es faci de nit
Nen dels 80
Muro de Gibraltar
Estic bé
Bailando en el infierno
Mileurista pobre desgraciado
El regidor
Cógelo
Birres
Salir a cazar
Messi
Gratis Hits (2010)
Dansa de l'esperança
Birres
Estoy quemao y no es del sol
Salir a cazar
El regidor
Los vecinos de este bar
Que es faci de nit
Mileurista pobre desgraciao
Botellón
Nen dels 80
L'eclipsi
Correfoc
Minut 92
Cau la nit (2012)
Festa Major
Quan cau la nit
Santuari on fire
Número 1
La meva inspiració
Petons de color verd
Aigua salada
El cambrer
La patrulla de l'alegria
Em deixo portar
La meva inspiració (digital)
Natura Salvatge (2014)
180° (feat. Els Catarres and )
Brama 3. El Vaso (feat. )
Toca Hamelin (feat. Pulpul of Ska-P)
Volem guanyar
Som una melodia (feat. and Marcel "Tito" of Txarango)
Chingao
Res a les butxaques
No serà etern
Ales noves
Sol naixent
Lluna Plena (2016)
La última y nos vamos
El temporal
Barcelona s'il·lumina
Prenent la Lluna
El cor m'apreta (feat. Esne Beltza)
El soneto de Geppetto
Mentides de plàstic (feat. )
Mi vida es como un pogo
Ens ballem aquesta nit
Tornem al Penedès
Birres
Estoy quemao
La Gran Vida (2018)
Volcans
La gran vida
Escales fins al cel
L'estiu és llibertat
Transmets energia
La bala del temps
Els nostres tambors
La trama
Tu i jo som aire
Cómplices del mal
La darrera colònia
Nos vamos pa'l festi
Connectats (2019)
See also
Music of Catalonia
Catalan rumba
Doctor Prats
World music
References
Musicians from Catalonia
People from Baix Penedès
Música Global artists |
was the second ship of the Nokaze sub-class, an improvement to the 1st class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy following World War I. Advanced for their time, these ships served as first-line destroyers through the 1930s, but were considered obsolescent by the start of the Pacific War. Following the war, the ship was transferred to the Republic of China as a prize of war and renamed Shen Yang.
History
Construction of the large-sized Minekaze-class destroyers was authorized as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's 8-4 Fleet Program from fiscal 1917 with nine vessels, and fiscal 1918 with an additional six vessels. However, the final three vessels in the fiscal 1918 were built to a different design and have a different enough silhouette that many authors consider them to be a separate class. Namikaze, built at the Maizuru Naval Arsenal, was the second ship of this sub-class. The destroyer was laid down on 7 November 1921, launched on 24 June 1922 and commissioned on 11 November 1922.
On completion, Namikaze was teamed with sister ships , , and flagship at the Yokosuka Naval District to form Destroyer Division 1 (第一駆逐隊). In 1938-1939, the division was assigned to patrols of the northern and central China coastlines in support of Japanese combat operations in the Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II history
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Namikaze was based at the Ōminato Guard District in northern Japan, and was assigned to patrols of the Hokkaidō and Chishima Islands coastlines.
During the Battle of Midway in May 1942, Namikaze was assigned to the reserve force for the Aleutian Islands Operation, which did not leave Japanese waters. Afterwards, she returned to patrol and escort duties based out of Ōminato through July 1943, with the ship's patrol area extended to include much of Honshū as far south as Ise Bay. In July she was assigned temporarily to the IJN 5th Fleet for the mission to evacuate surviving Japanese forces from Kiska, but only performed backup duties. She was slightly damaged in a collision with the coastal patrol vessel Manei Maru No.7 at the entry to Otaru port, Hokkaidō on 6 November 1943. Namikaze continued to be based at Ōminato for patrol and escort in northern waters until December 1943.
In December 1943, Namikaze was reassigned to Moji on 1 December to escort convoys to French Indochina. She returned to Ōminato to resume the Hokkaidō-Chishima patrols from March 1944
On 21 August 1944, Namikaze was torpedoed by the submarine north of Iturup. Her stern severed, she was towed by Kamikaze to Otaru for emergency repairs. She was subsequently sent on to Maizuru Naval Arsenal for rebuilding into a carrier for Kaiten manned torpedo.
This conversion involved removing three of her four main guns and all of the torpedo launchers. Her first boiler was also removed, reducing her output to and top speed to . Six Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Guns and eight anti-aircraft guns were added. The stern was modified with a sloping deck, and two to four Kaiten could be carried.
After completion of the refit on 1 February 1945, Namikaze was assigned to the Combined Fleet, but there is no record of Namikaze actually launching Kaiten in battle. From 16 June 1945, Namikaze was based at Ube in the Inland Sea, and was used primarily as a minesweeper searching for mines dropped by B-29 Superfortress bombers. She was at Kure Naval Base at the time of the surrender of Japan.
On 5 October 1945, Namikaze was officially removed from navy list. However, after being demilitarized, she was pressed into service by the American occupation authorities for use as a repatriation ship, and continued in that role from 1 December 1945 until 1947 evacuating demilitarized Japanese soldiers and civilians from the Asian mainland.
Service with the Republic of China
On 3 October 1947, ex-Namikaze was turned over to the Republic of China as a prize of war, and renamed Shen Yang. Shen Yang was based in Qingdao from 1947 until the fall of that port city to communist forces in the Chinese Civil War. She continued to be used by the Republic of China Navy from bases in Taiwan until 1960, when she was finally scrapped.
Notes
References
External links
Minekaze-class destroyers
Ships built by Maizuru Naval Arsenal
1922 ships
Second Sino-Japanese War naval ships of Japan
World War II destroyers of Japan
Destroyers of the Republic of China Navy |
Paul Palmer (died 1747) was the founder of several Baptist churches that became affiliated with the General Baptists. Palmer started several early Baptist churches in North Carolina, including the first known Baptist church in the state. He was an Arminian baptist and founder of the movement Free Will Baptist with Benjamin Randall. His home church was Delaware's Welsh Tract Baptist Church, which was Calvinist.
Life
Palmer's wife Joanna was the stepdaughter of Benjamin Laker, who emigrated to the Carolinas in the 1680s from England where he had been an associate of English General Baptist theologian Thomas Grantham, a signer of the 1663 General Baptists' Standard Confession of Faith. Grantham was the chief apologist and theologian of the General Baptists in the later seventeenth century. He was both anti-predestinarian and orthodox all his days. According to Elder John T. Albritton:
[Palmer] was said to have been a native of Maryland, was baptized in Delaware, and ordained in Connecticut. He was some time in New Jersey, and removed thence to Maryland, and thence to Perquimans County, N. C. He belonged to the General Baptists, and was actively engaged in the work of the ministry for many years in this State, traveling over a large portion of Eastern Carolina, winning converts wherever he went.
While in Maryland, Palmer served the First Baptist Church in Baltimore County. Around 1727, Palmer founded North Carolina's first Baptist church at Shiloh, North Carolina, (then called Perquimans) in Camden County. Palmer and his wife Joanna were indicted by the colonial courts in North Carolina for their ministry. It is generally accepted that Palmer died in 1747.
References
1747 deaths
18th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
Arminian ministers
Free Will Baptists
Year of birth unknown |
John Van Lear Findlay (December 21, 1839 – April 19, 1907) was a U.S. Representative from Maryland.
Biography
Born at Mount Tammany, near Williamsport, Maryland, Findlay was privately tutored, pursued classical studies, and graduated from Princeton College in 1858.
He served as member of the Maryland House of Delegates in 1861 and 1862. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced practice in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1869.
He served as collector of internal revenue for the third district of Maryland at Baltimore in 1865 and 1866, and was appointed city solicitor for Baltimore in 1876 and served two years.
He was orator for Maryland on "Maryland Day" at the United States Centennial Exhibition of 1876.
Findlay was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1887). He resumed the practice of law, and was appointed a member of the Venezuelan Claims Commission in 1889, and nominated as arbitrator on the Chilean Claims Commission in 1893, but the Senate rejected the nomination. He died in Baltimore, Maryland, April 19, 1907, and was interred in Greenmount Cemetery.
Family
Findlay was a nephew of U.S. Senator William Findlay's son John King Findlay.
References
1839 births
1907 deaths
Princeton University alumni
Maryland lawyers
Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland
19th-century American politicians |
Donna-Marie Gurr, CM (born February 18, 1955) is a former swimmer from Canada, who won the bronze medal in the 200m backstroke at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Swimming career
Gurr competed in the backstroke and freestyle events at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. There she won the bronze medal in the 200-metre backstroke. In 1976, she was made a Member of the Order of Canada, Canada's highest achievement award, in a ceremony at Rideau Hall in Ottawa. She was inducted into the BC Sports Hall of Fame in 1987, the BC Swimming Hall of Fame in 2004, and the Canadian Aquatic Hall of Fame.
Gurr started swimming at the newly built Arbutus Club in Vancouver in 1965, and later joined the Canadian Dolphin Swim Club, where her idol Elaine Tanner swam and was coached by Howard Firby. She qualified for her first Senior Nationals at age 12, placing 12th in one event. At the age of 13 she narrowly missed a berth on the 1968 Olympic team by placing 3rd in the 200-metre backstroke, at the Olympic Trials, and missing the qualifying time by only 3 tenths of a second. During the summer of 1969, aged 14, the Canadian Dolphins went on their first trip to Europe, where they attended the ASA British Championships in Blackpool. She won five gold medals, swimming in both the junior and senior events, with the significant prize of winning the senior 100 metres backstroke and 200 metres backstroke titles.
Next they attended the Canadian Nationals in Montreal, where she won her first National titles in the 100M and 200-metre backstroke, and came away with 4 gold and one silver medal. The team went on to the first Canada Games in Halifax where she won 5 gold medals. She was National Champion in the 100 and 200-metre backstroke from 1969-1972.
During her career, Gurr had many health problems and injuries. After the very successful summer of 1969, she began to experience pain in her left knee. X-rays showed a problem, Osteochondritis dissecans of the left femoral condyle, in which a part of the bone, was becoming detached from the femur. It was determined by her orthopedic surgeon Dr. Hector Gillespie, and her GP, sports medicine expert Dr. Doug Clement that surgery was needed to pin the loosened piece of bone in place. In December 1969 she entered the hospital for the surgery. Much to her surprise, when wheeled into the operating room, she was told of a change of plans. Due to her young age, it was hoped that with crutches and a specialized cast, from hip to ankle, the knee would heal on its own. The cast was made from heated and molded foam rubber, and secured by fiberglass dipped in acetone, and wrapped around the inner foam layer. When it dried, it weighed almost nothing, and she could continue her training. This was the prototype for the lightweight fiberglass casts used by many people today.
Gurr began training, virtually only being able to use one leg while swimming and doing the turns at each end of the pool, and using the crutches at all times, with no weight bearing on that leg. Not missing months of training was very important at this time, as her first International Games, the Commonwealth Games, were coming up in the summer of 1970. The cast was removed twice, once to qualify for the Games trials, and then again for the Commonwealth Trials in Edmonton. She finished first at the trials, despite swimming with the use of only one leg and made the team in the 100 and 200-metre backstroke. Crutches were used at all times while walking. The cast came off for good in May 1970, and the knee was deemed healed.
It took quite a while to get the knee and leg working again properly after 6 months of the cast and crutches, but two months later Gurr won three medals at the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh. It was quite a remarkable accomplishment. She won a silver medal in the 200-metre backstroke, and a bronze in the 100-metre backstroke and another bronze in the 4x100-metre medley relay in Edinburgh at the Commonwealth Games of 1970 at age 15. She was awarded the BC Junior Athlete of the Year in 1970.
In 1971, at 16 years old, Gurr won 3 gold and one silver medal at the Pan-American Games in Cali, Colombia. The gold medals were in the Women's 4x100M Medley Relay, and the 100 and 200M Backstroke events. The silver medal was in the 4x100M Freestyle Relay. During the final of the 200M Backstroke, at about the 75M mark, all the power in the area went out. As it was an outdoor pool, at night, this caused the race to come to an abrupt halt. Who knows what the outcome would have been had the race continued, but it was decided by the coaches and swimmers to re-swim the final after the other races that night. And Gurr did win on the second try.
By the time of the 1972 Olympic Trials and Games, Gurr was having trouble with a spinal problem, aggravated by all the training, and tendonitis in both shoulders. Cortisone shots were given at some points so she could continue training and competing leading up to Munich.
At 17 was the bronze medal in the 200-metre backstroke in Munich, while at the Olympic Trials that year, she broke Elaine Tanner's Canadian record in the 100-metre backstroke, she had broken the 200-metre record earlier. She barely made it into the final of the 200-metre backstroke, qualifying 8th and swimming the race in lane 8, which is considered the worst lane and the battle for the bronze medal was very close among several of the swimmers. She missed making the final of the 100-metre backstroke by 3/100ths of a second, a disappointing result. But she was happy to win the bronze in the 200-metre, on the last night of the swimming competition.
At 18, in 1973, Gurr competed in the first World Aquatic Championships in Belgrade, and at 19, in 1974, she went to her second Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand and won a silver and bronze medal. These were in the 100 and 200-metre backstroke events. She held numerous Canadian records in age group swimming and the senior events, as an individual and as a member of many relay teams, for the Canadian Dolphins and while representing Canada internationally. Although being an excellent individual medley swimmer (200 metre), after the cast came off her knee, she had trouble doing the dolphin kick properly, and afterwards could not swim butterfly or medley events.
After the Christchurch Commonwealth Games, Gurr took a long break from swimming, and did compete again during the summer of 1976. She competed at the Santa Clara International Meet and in the 1976 Olympic Trials, but did not qualify for the team. She then retired from the sport.
During her career Gurr traveled extensively, all over Canada and the United States, competing at the Santa Clara International Meet every summer. She traveled to England numerous times, attending the Coca-Cola International Meet in London in the spring, for several years, and on other occasions as well. She traveled to Scotland, Holland, Germany twice, Switzerland, Norway, France, Austria and the former Yugoslavia. She also visited New Zealand twice, Australia once, where she met Dawn Fraser, a swimming icon, at the New South Wales Championships in January 1972. She also went to Hawaii, Fiji, and Cali, Colombia in 1971 for the Pan-Am Games.
Awards
Gurr was chosen as one of the recipients of the Queen Elizabeth ll Diamond Jubilee Medal, which will be awarded at a special presentation ceremony in April 2012. The medals will be presented by the Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.
On April 5, 2013 at the World Championship Trials in Victoria, British Columbia, Gurr was inducted into Swimming Canada's "Circle of Excellence". The presentation was made before the start of the finals and she was accompanied by her coach Deryk Snelling and teammate Leslie Cliff, who are also Circle of Excellence members.
Personal life
Gurr's coach for the majority of her career was Deryk Snelling, who many believe was the reason the Canadian Dolphin Team were National Team champions for so many years. Almost half of the Munich Olympic swim team were from the Canadian Dolphins, and the medals won by Leslie Cliff, Bruce Robertson, Bill Mahoney and Gurr accounted for almost all the medals won in Munich, including all sports. Gurr presently lives and works in Vancouver.
See also
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
References
1955 births
Living people
Canadian female backstroke swimmers
Canadian female freestyle swimmers
Members of the Order of Canada
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Olympic swimmers for Canada
Swimmers from Vancouver
Swimmers at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Swimmers at the 1971 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Canada
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1971 Pan American Games
Medallists at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games |
The General Council of the International Workingmen's Association was formed on October 5 1864 following the St. Martin's Hall Meeting held the previous week. The Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes provided a base for them to operate from at 18 Greek Street.
References
International Workingmen's Association |
Biseri (trans. The Pearls) were a Yugoslav rock band formed in Zagreb in 1965.
During the 1960s Biseri performed beat and rhythm and blues. In the 1970s they moved towards pop rock, but failed to achieve larger popularity and disbanded in 1980. Although they were not among the earliest Yugoslav rock bands, Biseri, as other Yugoslav 1960s rock bands, played a pioneering role on the Yugoslav rock scene.
History
1965-1980
Biseri were formed in 1965 by Robert Marinčić (vocals), Vladimir Kočiš "Zec" (guitar, vocals), Boris Bregović (guitar), Vladimir Hlady (bass guitar) and Milorad Perić (drums). Initially the band played beat and rhythm and blues and performed mostly in Zagreb clubs Centar (Center) and Mladost (Youth). Soon after the formation they appeared in the popular TV show Koncert za ludi mladi svet (Concert for Crazy Young World) performing the songs "Pokucaj o drvo" ("Knock on Wood") and "Set My Soul".
In 1969, after numerous lineup changes, a stable lineup was formed: Vladimir Kočiš (guitar, vocals), Vladimir Hlady (bass guitar), Slavko Pintarić (drums) and Ranko Marton (keyboards). During this year the band released their debut record, a 7" single with the songs "Anuška" ("Anoushka") and "Naša ljubav" ("Our Love"). For Radio Zagreb the band recorded the song "Život, to smo mi" ("Life, It's Us"), which became a radio hit, but was never officially released. The band enjoyed local popularity, but failed to achieve nationwide success.
In the 1970s the band turned towards pop-oriented sound. They released three 7" singles during the 1970s, but failed to gain larger popularity and disbanded in 1980.
During the band's history a great number of musicians passed through the band, including vocalist Zoran Antoljak (formerly of Grešnici and Zlatni Akordi), guitarist Željko Kovačević "Pes" (formerly of Mladi, Delfini and Zlatni Akordi), rhythm guitarist Čedo Juzbašić, bass guitarist Igor Franulović, keyboardist Dragutin Horvat, and others. After leaving Biseri, Pintarić moved to Soul Soul Band, and later to Srebrna Krila.
Post breakup
After Biseri disbanded Kočiš joined Novi Fosili.
The song "Anuška" was published on the box set Kad je rock bio mlad - Priče sa istočne strane (1956-1970) (When Rock Was Young - East Side Stories (1956-1970)), released by Croatia Records in 2005 and featuring songs by the pioneering Yugoslav rock acts.
Discography
Singles
"Anuška" / "Naša ljubav" (1969)
"Igra" / "Želim da ti dam" (1970)
"Vidim te u snu" / "Zbog stare navike" (1974)
"Sve dok muzika svira" / "Ti si moja mladost" (1975)
Other appearances
"Hej mala" (Zagreb '79, 1979)
References
External links
Biseri at Discogs
Croatian rock music groups
Yugoslav rock music groups
Yugoslav rhythm and blues musical groups
Instrumental rock musical groups
Beat groups
Musical groups established in 1965
Musical groups disestablished in 1980 |
Happy is the third studio album by Italian singer Alexia released in 1999, and would be her final studio album to be written and produced by Robyx and the DWA team. The album continued to see Alexia have a broad range of styles, though the move away from eurodance was not as dramatic as it had been with The Party. It was Alexia's first album on the Sony Epic label. Alexia's management team had boasted that every track on the album was good enough to be released as a single, yet only two tracks were released as singles.
Initially, "Change Your Life" was planned as the lead single, but instead "Goodbye" was released. "Happy" followed as the second single. Sony Music Finland announced plans to release "Baby Baby Baby" as the third single in early 2000, though DWA denied this. No record can be found of the track being released physically or as a radio promo, though the Italian Alexia Wikipedia page lists the song as a radio promotional CD and the track was included on Alexia's Hits album.
All the tracks on the album were written by Alexia and Robyx except "Shake You Up" which was written by Francesco Alberti and Andrea Fascetti. The album went gold in Italy a month after its release.
Release
The album was released on CD, cassette and Minidisc through Epic, firstly in Italy in late August then throughout Europe (Sony Code 494999). The Canadian release was in February 2000.
Track listing
All tracks written & composed by Roberto Zanetti & Alessia Aquilani except as noted.
"Happy" - 3:14
"Change Your Life" - 3:08
"Goodbye" - 3:01
"Baby Baby Baby" - 3:12 (Gianni Bini; Marco Galeotti)
"Te Amo" - 3:34
"Giddy Up" - 2:49
"I Want You" - 3:23
"Save a Prayer" - 3:41
"Shake You Up" - 2:40 (Andrea Fascetti; Francesco Alberti)
"Close to You" - 2:42
"The Rain" - 3:27
"Let the Music Play" - 3:00
References
External links
1999 albums
Alexia (Italian singer) albums |
Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong about the Future of Transportation is a 2022 non-fiction book by Canadian author Paris Marx.
Summary
The book covers a number of emerging technologies in mass transportation, particularly those that have been widely advocated for by corporations in Silicon Valley, such as ridesharing companies, electric cars, and the Hyperloop. Analysing those technologies, Marx criticises the vision of transportation put forward by Silicon Valley corporations, saying that they fail to resolve many of the issues facing mass transportation, such as environmental and cost-of-living concerns. Marx further advocates for a greater emphasis on collective methods to tackle those issues instead, including public transportation and more democratic urban planning.
Reception
Alastair Dalton of The Scotsman said the book offers "a nightmarish vision of the direction in which technology is taking transport" and "underlines the extraordinary toll exacted by motor vehicles." Rob Larson of Jacobin noted that there were some relevant topics that Marx failed to discuss, namely the use of private jets, but that the book was a "fun read" that "pairs brutally realistic analysis with a consummately Canadian level of indictment." Matthew James Seidel of Protean Magazine described the book as "a sharply rendered, compelling, and illuminating text that combines diffuse histories and complex processes into a clear narrative" and that its "most essential message is its insistence that, whatever the promise of new technologies, they will never serve anyone but the privileged—unless decisions about their use are made in a democratic manner."
References
2022 non-fiction books
Books about cars
Non-fiction books about transport
Technophobia
Verso Books books |
We All Loved Each Other So Much () is a 1974 Italian comedy-drama film directed by Ettore Scola, who co-wrote the screenplay with screenwriting duo Age & Scarpelli. It stars Nino Manfredi, Vittorio Gassman, Stefania Sandrelli, Stefano Satta Flores, Giovanna Ralli and Aldo Fabrizi. Widely considered one of the best films by Scola, and a notable example of the commedia all'italiana, it was dedicated to Italian director Vittorio De Sica. In 2008, the film was included on the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage's 100 Italian films to be saved, a list of 100 films that "have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978."
Plot
Gianni, Antonio and Nicola are resistance fighters (La Resistenza) during the war, sharing everything like brothers. After the war, they return to their lives. Antonio becomes a nurse in a Roman hospital and falls in love with a girl named Luciana. He also belongs to the Popular Front. Gianni becomes an assistant in a law firm, the head of which, La Rosa, is running as a deputy candidate for the Socialist Party. Nicola returns to teaching in a small town high school, marries a woman named Gabriella and has a child, Tommasino. He is an idealist, an active member of the Communist Party and a film buff.
Three years after the war, Antonio is lunching with Luciana at a restaurant when Gianni happens to pass by. Antonio is thrilled and starts talking about their days in La Resistenza. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to him, Luciana and Gianni silently fall in love with each other.
One night, Gianni and Luciana visit Antonio at the hospital to admit their affair. Antonio takes the news calmly, even though Luciana is everything to him. Gianni apologizes but cannot contain his feelings for her. Luciana says she loves Antonio, but with Gianni, "it's different". Sad about the two men splitting over her, she insists that they remain friends. They seem to agree. When the new couple leaves, Antonio runs after them and kicks Gianni. He says he is not surprised by his friend's betrayal, "as you've exploited us for years already", referring to Gianni's political leanings.
Meanwhile, Nicola loses his teaching job after a violent argument with his superior about a movie. His wife is desperate, and asks him to apologize to get back his job, to no avail. He leaves his wife and child, goes to Roma with a case of books to find Antonio.
Gianni and Luciana live happily and start to have family projects. Gianni gets a promotion, working for the firm as a lawyer. He is asked to defend in court a real estate constructor who had two of his employees die on a site for not respecting security measures. Gianni refuses, telling the client that refusal is due to the problems of the firm's head, La Rosa, now a deputy, who is accused of many political and financial misconducts. While they are talking, Elide, the client's youngest daughter enters and falls in love with Gianni. She leaves, and the client tries to bribe Gianni to take the case. Gianni neither accepts nor refuses.
Nicola tries to work in Rome as a film critic and attempts to start a magazine, Cine Culture but fails everywhere.
Years later, Antonio and Nicola have lunch at their usual restaurant when Luciana enters. Antonio is not at ease, as it is the same Luciana he was previously in love with. Nicola insists on being introduced, which Antonio reluctantly does. They start talking and Luciana asks about Gianni, who she has not seen in a long time. The news fires Antonio's hopes.
Later at night, the three are drunk, and Nicola plays a reconstruction on the stairs of Piazza di Spagna of the famous scene from Battleship Potemkin, trying to make Luciana laugh. Antonio sits alone, down the stairs, deep in his thoughts. He cannot stand Nicola and argues with Luciana. She says she can do whatever she pleases, including becoming an actress. Antonio leaves, pissed, while she hides in a photo-booth. Nicola follows Antonio, trying to calm him down. He fails and returns to Luciana who has left the photo-booth, leaving pictures of her in which she is crying.
Gianni receives a letter from Nicola saying that Luciana has tried to commit suicide. He wonders why he, who has been away, receives such a letter, and why Nicola is sending it. He nevertheless goes to Luciana's.
Luciana has tried a career on stage but has failed. She lives in a hotel room with other artists. Antonio is already there, nursing her. When Nicola comes back in, she asks him if Antonio knows about "them". Nicola slaps her. She says that their two night story is over and apologizes to Antonio who starts a fight with Nicola, saying he took advantage of her.
When Luciana is feeling better, they all leave the hotel, Luciana takes a bus, and the two men go their separate ways. Gianni watches this from behind a news stand but cannot find the courage to confront his old friends.
Years later, Gianni has married Elide and is now a rich lawyer with two children, Fabrizio and Donatella. They are partying for his client's 69th birthday. Elide tells Gianni how happy she is to be married with him and about that other life, she would have had, if he had married another woman. This makes Gianni remember Luciana, his forgotten love.
While having dinner, Gianni and Elide see Nicola on TV in a quiz show about Italian cinema. Meanwhile, Antonio sees the show from his ward. Nicola answers all the questions right and wins a lot of money and the right to come back the following week for more. He calls his wife, with whom he is reconciled. She advises that he takes the money without risking it at the next show. He claims his target is not the money but that his book "Cinema as a school" be published, which an editor promised to do if he won the show's grand prize.
The next show begins. Nicola plays double or nothing, risking to lose all he has won. He is asked a question about Vittorio de Sica. His answer is eventually deemed wrong by the jury. He complains but ends up expelled from the show, losing the money.
Antonio is still working in the hospital. One night, he is in an ambulance blocked by the shooting of the Fontana di Trevi scene from La Dolce Vita. There, he sees the movie's star talking to an actress, Luciana.
The ex-lovers sit down for a talk. Antonio is worried to see she has developed an alcoholic habit. Still in love with her, he invites her for dinner the next evening when her impresario shows up and says she will be busy. Antonio starts a fight. She asks not to see him again.
A decade later, Gianni is a cold-blooded businessman. He quarrels with his father-in-law over a real estate project. They come to blows and the father-in-law sees he is too old and weak to stop Gianni. He gives him power to decide over the business.
Antonio is living with a girl named Valeria. The couple is strolling in a public garden when they meet Luciana.
She asks about Gianni, but he has no news from him. Luciana's young son, Luigi, comes to talk to them. Antonio and her start to see more of each other, she works as an usher and lives alone with Luigi.
Gianni has a wonderful house in the countryside and avoid his wife as much as he can until one day, desperate to talk to him, she catches him as he goes to work. She confesses to have met, in her despair, another man. He believes she made that up to upset him. Tired of the game, willing to prove her love, she takes her car, starts the engine and rushes to her death.
Nicola and a friend are at a festival where Vittorio De Sica is being interviewed. He tells the anecdote proving that Nicola was right in his answer in the show. This saddens Nicola. His friend tells him to go talk to De Sica, his idol, but Nicola refuses, saying he has no more to say to him. He wanted to change the world, but the world has changed him.
Antonio is driving into Rome when he sees Gianni. The two awkwardly talk, realizing they have not seen each other in some 25 years. Gianni pretends to be broke. They agree on meeting with Nicola, who is now a stringer for a newspaper. Gianni knows he will not go to the meeting. However, after returning to his palace, he realizes it is empty, his wife is dead, his children are gone, only his father-in-law, who remains. Gianni realizes he is doomed and decides to go to the meeting with his old friends.
The three meet in the usual restaurant and talk about the past. Gianni breaks the good mood when he says they are a generation of bastards who did nothing to fulfill the hopes they had for a better world. They blame each other's political views and fight again, drunk in the streets. When they stop, Nicola breaks into tears for what seems to be an acceptation of his failure. Instead, he reveals that his son is getting married, and that he actually cries for joy.
They all take a car and go to Antonio's wife, who turns up to be Luciana. When Nicola and Gianni see her, they realize they both still have feelings for her. Gianni is left talking alone with Luciana and tells her he remained in love with her through all the years. She says she did not think of him one bit. Gianni leaves while Nicola realizes he has the driving license of Gianni in his pocket.
The next morning, Nicola, Antonio and Luciana go to Gianni's house, where they realize he lied about being broke. They leave the license at the door and start arguing, like they did their entire lives.
Cast
Awards
The film won a César Award for Best Foreign Film in 1977. It also won two Silver Ribbons (Italian cinema critics award, for Fabrizi and Ralli) and the Golden Prize in the 9th Moscow International Film Festival in 1975.
References
External links
1974 films
1974 comedy-drama films
1970s Italian films
1970s Italian-language films
Best Foreign Film César Award winners
Commedia all'italiana
Films directed by Ettore Scola
Films scored by Armando Trovajoli
Films set in Rome
Films shot in Rome
Films with screenplays by Age & Scarpelli
Films with screenplays by Ettore Scola
Italian comedy-drama films |
West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS) is a Public medical university in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It was established in 2003 by an Act of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly for better management of the health and medical education-related courses. The main aim of establishing the university is to upgrade the level of medical teaching in the state.
History
Before the establishment of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS), undergraduate and postgraduate level medical teaching in different state medical colleges of West Bengal was supervised by various state universities. This caused a huge disparity between different state medical colleges of West Bengal in terms of teaching and learning process, nature and standards of the evaluation, and most significantly; the recognition of the graduates from the different universities. So all the stakeholders of medical education in the state felt the need for bringing parity in the medical education system.
Under these compelling circumstances, the West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS) was established under an Act of the West Bengal legislature. Finally, it became active on 1 January 2003; which is considered as the date of birth for this embodiment of higher education in the fields of medical sciences in the state.
Organisation and Administration
Governance
The Governor of West Bengal is the chancellor of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences. The Vice-chancellor of the West Bengal University of Health Sciences is the chief executive officer of the university. Prof. (Dr.) Suhrita Paul is the current Vice-chancellor of the university.
Affiliations
The West Bengal University of Health Science is an affiliating university and has jurisdiction over all the medical, nursing, and paramedical colleges of the entire state of West Bengal. It has 124 affiliated institutions under its umbrella as of now.
Ranking and Accreditation
In September 2017, West Bengal University of Health Sciences was recognized by the University Grants Commission (U.G.C.) under section 12-B of the UGC Act, 1956.
Affiliated private medical colleges
Government Medical Colleges (Allopathy)
See also
Education in West Bengal
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
List of colleges and universities in West Bengal
References
External links
Medical and health sciences universities in India
Universities in Kolkata
Medical colleges in West Bengal
Educational institutions established in 2003
2003 establishments in West Bengal |
Sekha is a large village in Barnala district, Punjab, India. It is located 7 km to the east of Barnala on Bathinda-Patiala railway line and Barnala-Dhuri road.
It is a medium-sized village with a population of around 10,000. All the basic amenities are present at a commutable distance.
History
Sekha used to be a cluster of 22 villages called 'Bahia' (in Punjabi meaning composed of twenty-two entities). The people living here were of Sidhu clan. Once Guru Teg Bahadur ji, the ninth Sikh Guru, arrived in the 'Bahia' during his Malwa Visit. But the ruler of 'Bahia' refused to give the Guru a piece of land to live on for few days. The ruler asked the Guru to leave the place. Guru Teg Bahadur got angry and cursed the 'Bahia' by saying "Bahia Hoju Thehia"(Punjabi: ਬਾਹੀਆ ਹੋਜੂ ਥੇਹਿਆ) meaning- "Bahia will collapse into a heap" Due to his curse the whole of Bahia turned into a heap of debris. This The (Punjabi: ਥੇਹ) still exists to the west of the main village and the place where Guru Teg Bahadur ji meditated has been turned into a beautiful Gurudwara named 'Gurudwara Patshahi Naumi, Sekha'. Every year on 22 Poh(Punjabi Calendar) i.e. in early January a three-day fair is held in the village in remembrance of the Coming of Guru Teg Bahadur ji to the village.
Later on, a new village to the west of Bahia was built which is now known as Sekha.
Religious places
There are many religious places in the village. Gurudwara Patshahi Naumi (Gurudwara of the ninth Guru) towards the west of the village on Barnala road. This is the place where the ninth Guru meditated during his visit to the village. There is another Gurudwara near the village railway station. Near the Grain Market, there is a famous Tilla of Baba Tehaldas. It is a multi-religious place with a Temple, Gurudwara et al. in it. In the heart of the village, there is a Memorial Gurudwara of Bhai Moola Singh. There are numerous other religious places in the village.
Transport
•Road :
There are well maintained roads in the village and people have an option to use the regular bus service which plies between Barnala and the neighbouring town of Dhuri(Sangrur) since the village lies on the Barnala-Dhuri road. Other than this, taxis are readily available as well at the local taxi stand located near the market towards the western end of the village.
•Rail :
Sekha railway station lies roughly towards the north of the village and is also in very close proximity to the neighbouring villages of Harbanspura and Jhaloor. The station lies on the Bathinda-Patiala railway line.
Barnala
Villages in Barnala district |
Italy competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China between July 16 and 31, 2011.
Medalists
Diving
Italy has qualified 9 athletes in diving.
Men
Women
Open water swimming
Men
Women
Mixed
Swimming
Italy qualified 26 swimmers.
Men
Women
Synchronised swimming
Italy has qualified 12 athletes in synchronised swimming.
Women
Water polo
Men
Team Roster
Stefano Tempesti – Captain
Amaurys Perez
Niccolo Gitto
Pietro Figlioli
Alex Giorgetti
Maurizio Felugo
Niccolo Figari
Valentino Gallo
Christian Presciutti
Deni Fiorentini
Matteo Aicardi
Arnaldo Deserti
Giacomo Pastorino
Group D
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Gold medal game
Women
Team Roster
Giulia Gorlero
Simona Abbate
Elisa Casanova – Captain
Francesca Pomeri
Martina Savioli
Allegra Lapi
Marta Colaiocco
Roberta Bianconi
Giulia Enrica Emmolo
Giulia Rambaldi Guidasci
Aleksandra Cotti
Teresa Frassinetti
Elena Gigli
Group D
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Bronze medal game
References
Nations at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships
World Aquatics
2011 |
Odessa Creekmore Komer (June 29, 1925 – July 15, 2004) was an American labor unionist.
Born in Kemper County, Mississippi, Komer moved to Michigan with her family, while young. She left high school three years before graduation, to earn money for the family at the Ford Motor Company plant. She married in 1945 and left work to raise a family, but returned to Ford as an assembler in 1953, joining the United Auto Workers union. She devoted much of her spare time to the union, and became the first woman elected to an office in her local union. In 1964, she achieved an agreement that seniority would be taken into account when assigning jobs.
In 1967, Komer began working full-time for the union, as education director of its Region 1. From 1972, she additionally served on the board of trustees of Macomb Community College. In 1974, she was elected as a vice-president of the union, replacing Olga Madar. The following year, she was made head of the union's women's department, in which role she helped set up women's councils across the country. She also led a successful Supreme Court challenge which removed bars on women of childbearing age working in areas considered to be dangerous. She was re-elected to the post until her retirement, in 1991, when she was replaced by Carolyn Forrest.
Komer also served on the board of the National Organization for Women, and as a vice-president of the Coalition of Labor Union Women, and was appointed by Bill Clinton to the President's Advisory Committee for Women. In 1995, she was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.
References
1925 births
2004 deaths
American women trade unionists
People from Kemper County, Mississippi
Trade unionists from Mississippi
United Auto Workers people |
Kapıkaya is a village in the İliç District of Erzincan Province in Turkey. Its population is 15 (2022).
References
Villages in İliç District |
Vitthal Prasad Sharma (20 June 1920 – 12 June 1982) was an Indian politician and elected 2 times as the Member of Legislative Assembly in 1967 and 1977 in Mohanlal Sukhadiya Government and in Bhairon Singh Shekhawat government respectively. He was considered as a very influential and respected personality in the Rajasthan politics.
Early life
Vitthal Prasad Sharma was born in Manohar Thana town of Jhalawar district of Rajasthan in the family of priests. His father's name was Bhanwar Lal Sharma. He had an elder brother Ballabh Prasad Sharma. His early life was full of struggles, as he was born in a poor family and started to work as a private bus conductor and later served in Indian Railways. Later he had a cloth center in Aklera and he was a road contractor also. He was married to Shakuntala and he has 4 daughters and a son.
Political career
Right from his childhood he was interested in politics and was a freedom fighter. He was first elected as a "pradhan" in 1960 and 1965. His turning point in political life was in 1967 when he was elected as an MLA in the assembly elections. And again was elected in 1977. He died on 12 June 1982 due to a heart stroke. At that time he was at the peak of his career.
References
External links
http://eci.nic.in/archive/Nov2003/pollupd/ac/states/s20/Partycomp117.htm
http://www.mapsofindia.com/assemblypolls/rajasthan/manohar-thana.html.
Rajasthani politicians
Janata Party politicians
1920 births
People from Jhalawar district
1982 deaths |
Byron Pedley (1844-1910) was an English stage comedian of the Victorian era.
Pedley was born in Chorlton-upon-Medlock, Manchester.
Aside from a long and distinguished career as a low comedian in the Music Halls, he appeared in many pantomimes and in the legitimate theatre as an actor.
Critics described Pedley as "an energetic and entertaining showman", "wonderfully humourous", and "inimitable".
Among his best remembered performances was as Mr. Dennis Muldoon in Muldoon’s Picnic, a role he returned to several times over three decades.
In 1901 he appeared to great success with G.M Polini and Austen Melford’s company in The Silver King, in which he played Detective Samuel Baxter. Pedley starred for six years in the production, touring to major theatres and opera houses to critical and public acclaim through to 1907.
On 17 June 1910 following a period of unemployment and treatment for heart disease, Pedley was admitted to the Long Grove asylum with confusional insanity and delirium. He died just a few weeks later, at the age of 62, on 4 July 1910.
Pedley was married twice. He was widowed at the age of 32 with the early death of his first wife Mary Ann Barber. In 1879 he married again, to the actress Elizabeth Groves of the Groves theatrical family. He was a father to five children.
References
1844 births
1910 deaths
People of the Victorian era
English male comedians
People from Chorlton-on-Medlock
Groves family |
```python
Your own Python `calendar`
`Module`s everywhere!
Special attributes of objects and classes
Get the most of `int`s
Implementing **weak** references
``` |
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