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Mas Selamat Kastari (born 23 January 1961), an Indonesian-born Singaporean, was for more than a year Singapore's most-wanted fugitive after escaping from detention on 27 February 2008. The search for him has been described as the largest manhunt ever launched in Singapore. He was eventually recaptured in Skudai, Malaysia, on 1 April 2009, over a year after his escape, and has since been returned to Singapore. His escape was found to be one of the events in Singapore's history that Singaporeans were most aware of, with 95% being aware of it.
In January 2006, Mas Selamat was arrested by Indonesian anti-terror squads in Java and deported to Singapore. He was suspected of plotting to bomb Singapore Changi Airport in January 2002, and, according to the Singapore Police Force, he had initially planned to do so by crashing a plane into the airport. However, Mas Selamat has never been formally charged with any terrorism-related offences; instead, he was detained under the country's Internal Security Act, which allows indefinite detention without trial.
Early life
Born in 1961 in Kendal, Central Java, in Indonesia, Mas Selamat grew up in Kaki Bukit in Singapore leading a typical childhood kampung life. He attended the Kaki Bukit Primary School, and was known simply as "Selamat" to his neighbors. In the early 1980s, Mas Selamat moved to a flat in Bedok Reservoir where he married and had five children.
Involvement with Jemaah Islamiah
Mas Selamat is believed to have begun his involvement with Jemaah Islamiah (JI) in the 1990s upon joining Darul Islam, a precursor movement to the JI group. By 1992, he had joined the Singapore JI cell, and was sent to Afghanistan for training a year later. In 1998, he studied the Taliban system of government and returned home 'deeply impressed'.
According to Singapore intelligence authorities, Mas Selamat has met Hambali, the leader of JI, and discussed various terror plots including hijacking a plane from Bangkok and crashing it into Singapore Changi Airport. He escaped from Singapore in 2001 before authorities conducted a massive operation to arrest 13 suspected JI members in December 2001.
Arrests
Mas Selamat had earlier been arrested in February 2003 in the island of Bintan, Indonesia, to assist Indonesian police in their investigations of several bombings in Indonesia in 2001 and 2002. Mas Selamat had changed his identity, assuming the name of Edi Heriyanto and obtained an Indonesian passport. Found in his possession was literature on making bombs and the virtue of suicide. He was jailed for 18 months in 2003 for immigration offences. He was, however, not handed over to Singapore upon his release, since Indonesia and Singapore do not yet have an extradition treaty. During this period of imprisonment, he broke his left leg in a botched attempt to escape when he jumped from a high floor, resulting in him walking with a permanent limp.
On 20 January 2006, he was arrested again for using a fake identity card in Java, where he was visiting his son who was said to be studying at a religious school there. Singapore requested Mas Selamat's extradition and he was handed over to Singapore on 3 February 2006, where he was detained in Singapore under the Internal Security Act without trial. The Malaysian intelligence authorities also wanted to question Mas Selamat who had made frequent visits to Johor before fleeing to Indonesia.
Escape in February 2008
At 4:05 pm on Wednesday, 27 February 2008, the JI leader escaped from the Internal Security Department's Whitley Road Detention Centre where he was being detained. His family were visiting him at the time, and he was being led to a room to meet them when he asked to go to the toilet. He then fled. A massive manhunt comprising personnel from the Singapore Police Force, the Gurkha Contingent, the Singapore Armed Forces, the Police Tactical Unit and the Police National Service Key Installation Protection Unit were deployed in the vicinity of the area immediately after the escape. They were later aided by members of the Singapore Guards and the Singapore Armed Forces Military Police Command, before the operation was wound down over 17 hours later without success in locating the fugitive, who was believed to be unarmed.
Authorities said security was very tight at the detention centre and conducted an independent study to determine how the fugitive escaped. Deputy Prime Minister Wong Kan Seng acknowledged that a security lapse led to his escape, and that everything was being done to recapture Mas Selamat. The Onraet Road facility has armed guards, high wire fences and CCTV cameras. Reactions to the escape were filled with surprise and disbelief in what Western observers describe as a country where "security breaches are virtually unheard of". It brought serious embarrassment to the Singapore government, and many questions raised by the public and the press. Security around the schools in the area was also beefed up to assure worried parents. Indonesia and Malaysia announced that they stepped up their own border security in the wake of this incident. Government authorities received more than 1100 calls on sightings of Mas Selamat. The earliest sighting of him was in a back road near MacRitchie Reservoir leading to Toa Payoh Lorong 1, right behind Braddell View Estates.
An urgent worldwide security alert, or Orange Notice, was issued by INTERPOL to each of its 186 National Central Bureaus following a request from Singapore. The alert was later changed to red.
Wanted posters of Mas Selamat were put up in shopping centers, buses, train stations, and schools islandwide to appeal for the public to inform police should they spot him, and leaflets given out by volunteers to members of the public. The three telecommunications companies in Singapore sent out Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) messages starting on 1 March 2008 to all 5.5 million subscribers with Mas Selamat's photograph, as well as email messages to SingNet Internet users. The MMS read,
"Please call 999 immediately if you see Mas Selamat bin Kastari. He is short (1.58m tall) and limps on his left leg. Thank you." Lockdowns at border and immigration checkpoints also resulted in much longer queues for people leaving Singapore.
There were conflicting reports on the whereabouts of Mas Selamat. While Singaporean police initially believed that he remained in Singapore, others such as Malaysia's The Star reported that he may have fled to Indonesia via a speedboat ride.
On 21 July 2008, a cash reward of one million dollars was offered for information leading to the apprehension of Mas Selamat. The million dollar reward was put up by two private individuals who had approached the Home Affairs Ministry, wishing to remain anonymous.
Public reaction
Agence France-Presse noted, "Terrorism is usually no laughing matter, especially not in security-conscious Singapore, but the escape from custody of a limping Islamist extremist suspect has led to scorn on the Internet." Online critics also accused the pro-government media of trying to play down the incident and skirting key issues. Speculations and conspiracy theories abounded in Internet chatrooms and blogs, such as that Mas Selamat had died in detention or that he was purposefully let out in order to allow authorities to search for other terrorists.
Criticism has been directed towards Wong Kan Seng, the Minister of Home Affairs in Singapore, with regards to the fact that news of Mas Selamat's escape was not disseminated to the public until four hours after its occurrence. The public were not given any details until the next day at a parliamentary session. Wong then had cited a serious security lapse as the reason for the escape and revealed that Mas Selamat escaped when he was being taken to the toilet before a meeting at the Family Visit Room.
On 2 March 2008, it was announced that an independent Committee of Inquiry, chaired by former judge Goh Joon Seng, would be set up to find out how the escape occurred.
Accountability
Nine individuals, including the commander and his superior holding a rank equivalent to brigadier general, were penalised for lapses that allowed Mas Selamat Kastari to escape from the Whitley Road detention centre.
Findings of investigation
On 21 April 2008, the only findings of the Committee of Inquiry were released in a Parliament of Singapore session. It was announced that he escaped through an unsecured bathroom window. The Committee attributed the escape to three critical factors – first, the lack of grilles where the window was located; second, Mas Selamat being allowed to close the toilet door on the guards, thus avoiding detection during his escape and third, a physical weakness at the perimeter fencing outside the visitation centre.
Additionally, the report stated that a re-enactment of the potential escape route would have taken 49 seconds to escape through the window and clear the perimeter fencing, with another 2 minutes and 44 seconds to reach the Pan Island Expressway located next to the detention centre. Mas Selamat had turned on the water tap after closing the toilet door and the guards on duty only acted on their suspicions 11 minutes after this incident. It is believed that Mas Selamat could have been gone for some time at that point.
It was later revealed that Mas Selamat had used an improvised flotation device to cross the Straits of Johor into Malaysia.
Possible capture
On 7 August 2008, a man 'limping like' Mas Selamat was arrested by Indonesian police at Buluh Tumbang Airport in Tanjung Pandan, Belitung. The man claimed to be an educational book salesman and not the fugitive in question. The man was later released.
Capture
On 8 May 2009, the media in Singapore reported that Mas Selamat had been captured by Malaysian authorities in Johor, Malaysia. This report was later confirmed by both the Singapore and Malaysian governments, with the date of capture given as 1 April 2009. Malaysian Home Minister Hishammuddin Hussein confirmed that Mas Selamat was being held under the Internal Security Act, saying that he was "planning something, which allowed us to arrest him". Hishammuddin declined to give details, since the case is sensitive as it involves intelligence agencies of Singapore, Indonesia as well as Malaysia. Inspector-General of Malaysian Police Musa Hassan said that the arrest was made possible as the involved parties had been sharing intelligence reports since his escape.
According to the media, Mas Selamat was captured in the early morning of 1 April in a secluded house in Kampung Tawakal, an obscure village with a population of less than 100 in Skudai, northwest of Johor Bahru. According to witness, Mohd Saat Marjo, 57, a villager who lived opposite the fugitive's home, about 40 personnels from the Royal Malaysian Police—such as the Special Actions Unit (Pasukan Gerakan Khas A-Detachment; UTK) and Special Branch members—broke through two doors and rushed into the house, where Mas Selamat refused to come out and surrender when ordered by the police. Mas Selamat resided in the house's refurbished basement, while his landlord, known only as "Johar", and Johar's wife and two children, resided in the upper portions of the house. Prior to his arrest, Mas Selamat had limited contact with outsiders, even avoiding prayers at the local surau, but had been witnessed tending to the compound's garden. Villagers in Kampung Tawakal expressed shock of Mas Selamat's presence after his identity was made known to the public.
Several people who had helped Mas Selamat to hide in the country, including Johar, were arrested along with him, and the news of the arrest was undisclosed for weeks to enable investigations into his network in Malaysia. Immediately after his arrest, the house Mas Selamat resided in and its surroundings were combed for explosives.
Mas Selamat was transferred back to Singapore for indefinite detention under the Internal Security Act on 24 September 2010.
Subsequent fate
On 3 December 2021, it was confirmed via news reports that Mas Selamat is still alive at age 60 and remained imprisoned behind bars indefinitely under the Internal Security Act, and he was not receptive to rehabilitation, because he maintained his radical beliefs. Authorities assessed this aspect and concluded that Mas Selamat would still pose an imminent threat to public security, making it unlikely that he will ever be released.
It was further revealed that Mas Selamat's eldest son, Masyhadi bin Mas Selamat (alias Muhammad Hanif), was part of the Jemaah Islamiyah and was detained since 2013 after his arrest in Indonesia.
References
1961 births
Escapees from Indonesian detention
Escapees from Singaporean detention
Fugitives wanted by Singapore
Indonesian emigrants to Singapore
Jemaah Islamiyah
Living people
Singaporean criminals
Singaporean escapees
Singaporean Islamists
Singaporean people of Javanese descent
Singaporean prisoners and detainees
Terrorism in Malaysia
Terrorism in Singapore |
Sang-eun, also spelled Sang-un, is a Korean unisex given name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 35 hanja with the reading "sang" and 26 hanja with the reading "eun" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be used in given names.
People with this name include:
Lee Tzsche (born 1970), South Korean female singer-songwriter
Lee Sang-eun (born 1975), South Korean female handball player
Oh Sang-eun (born 1977), South Korean male table tennis player
Kim Sang-eun (born 1978), stage name Lee Ji-ah, South Korean actress
See also
List of Korean given names
References
Korean unisex given names |
Store Twenty One was a discount clothing and homeware retailer in the United Kingdom. It entered compulsory liquidation on 11 July 2017.
History
Store Twenty One was created by Grabal Alok, the Indian-owned textile manufacturer which bought parts of the QS Stores (formerly Quality Seconds) and Bewise chains that went into administration in 2006. Quality Seconds was founded in 1932 as a clothing supplier, and opened stores in the 1960s to sell factory seconds to the public. From the 1980s, QS stopped selling seconds, but remained a discount clothing store.
In May 2015, the business had 125 stores nationwide, selling a selection of fashion and homeware at discounted prices. Its head office was based in Solihull, West Midlands, England.
In July 2016, it was reported that Store Twenty One was facing financial difficulties and that some stores were closing down, as it faced going into administration in August if no agreement in reducing rents was agreed. In July 2016, it was proposed and agreed that company voluntary arrangement action should be taken.
In May 2017, it was reported that Store Twenty One was on the brink of going into administration for the second time, due to poor trading conditions and corporate mismanagement. A total of seventy seven stores were scheduled to be closed over the following months. The entire remaining business entered compulsory liquidation on 11 July 2017, closing all remaining stores.
References
British companies established in 1932
Retail companies established in 1932
Retail companies disestablished in 2017
Clothing retailers of the United Kingdom
1932 establishments in England |
Joseph Crandall (ca. 1761 – February 20, 1858) was a Baptist minister and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Westmorland County in the Legislative Assembly from 1820 to 1822.
He was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, the son of Webber Crandall and Mercy Vaughan, and came to Chester, Nova Scotia with his parents. After his father died, he went to Liverpool to work in the cod fishery and then worked for a time transporting lumber. He became a Baptist at the age of 35 after hearing Joseph Dimock and Harris Harding. After preaching in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick for a time, he became pastor for a church in Sackville and also established a church at Salisbury. He was elected to the province's legislative assembly in 1820 and 1821 but was forced to resign because he was a preacher. Crandall was named the first moderator for the New Brunswick Baptist Association in 1822. Crandall died in Salisbury. Crandall University in Moncton, New Brunswick is named for him.
His son David also became a Baptist minister, finishing his long career at the Baptist Church in Hatfield Point, New Brunswick.
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1760s births
1858 deaths
People from Westmorland County, New Brunswick
19th-century Canadian Baptist ministers
Members of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
Year of birth uncertain
Year of birth unknown
18th-century Canadian Baptist ministers
Colony of New Brunswick people |
Annie Smyth (1878–1942) was a notable New Zealand Salvation Army officer and missionary to Japan. She was born in Kaiwharawhara, Wellington, New Zealand in 1878. She was murdered in Wairoa, along with her sister Rosamond, by Leo Hannan, a self-confessed serial killer.
References
1878 births
1942 deaths
New Zealand Salvationists
New Zealand Methodist missionaries
People from Wellington City
Methodist missionaries in Japan
New Zealand expatriates in Japan
Victims of serial killers
People murdered in New Zealand
New Zealand murder victims
Female murder victims |
Sodbuster was a program created by Title 12 of the Food Security Act of 1985 designed to discourage the plowing up of erosion-prone grasslands for use as cropland. If such is used for crop production without proper conservation measures as laid out in a conservation plan, a producer may lose eligibility to participate in farm programs. In the 1990 Farm Bill, it was amended and became the super sodbuster, such that producers became ineligible for specified farm program benefits on all their land if they cultivated highly erodible land that was idle. The super sodbuster was repealed by the 1996 Farm Bill.
References
Law of the United States
Nature conservation in the United States
Soil in the United States |
Matyushkino () is a rural locality (a village) in Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 3 as of 2002.
Geography
Matyushkino is located 26 km southwest of Shuyskoye (the district's administrative centre) by road. Svyatogorye is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast |
John Chew Thomas (October 15, 1764 – May 10, 1836) was an American politician who served as a Federalist member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Maryland's 2nd congressional district from 1799 to 1801. He also served as a member of the Maryland State House of Delegates from 1796 to 1797.
Born in Perryville, Maryland, Thomas attended private schools and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia in 1783. He moved to "Fairland" in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, around 1789, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia on December 15, 1787, but did not engage in extensive practice. He was elected as a Federalist to the Sixth Congress, and served from March 4, 1799, to March 3, 1801, but declined to be a candidate for reelection in 1800.
In 1810, Thomas sold Fairland, freed most of his slaves, and moved to Pennsylvania, where he lived until his death near Leiperville. He is interred in the Chester Friends Meetinghouse Cemetery in Chester, Pennsylvania.
References
External links
1764 births
1836 deaths
American Quakers
Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland
People from Cecil County, Maryland
University of Pennsylvania alumni |
Joseph Young Jr. (commonly known as Joe Young) is an American cartoonist and animator, who runs the Hartford Animation & Film Institute (HAFI). Young is the creator of the Scruples comic strip in the 1990s, and the strip's characters now star in the animated film that the institute completed in December [2006]. He is the father of Hip hop artist Tang Sauce.
World's Longest Comic Strip
In 1999, Young created the World's Longest Comic Strip (also known as the World's Largest Comic Strip). The comic strip features Young's Scruples characters. The strip is 8 feet tall and 100 yards long. In 1999, he received the Daily Point of Light Award from the White House.
References
External links
http://articles.courant.com/1997-07-07/news/9707070172_1_strip-bubblegum-volunteers
http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/14466/joe-young-on-running-the-hartford-animation-institute
https://web.archive.org/web/20110930190400/http://www.state.ct.us/ott/scruples.htm
http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/the-scene/events/A-Gem-of-a-Film-Shot-in-Hartford-69667382.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20110926231103/http://www.hartfordinfo.org/issues/documents/artsandculture/htfd_courant_012407.asp
http://windsor.patch.com/articles/sage-park-students-tackle-bullying-through-art#video-5569434
1964 births
Living people
American cartoonists |
Clarke, Campbell & Co. is a Canadian experimental television series which aired on CBC Television in 1954.
Premise
One of the primary hosts of this Toronto-produced series was Marion Clarke (born ), a Nova Scotia resident who won a beauty-related contest of Chatelaine magazine. As a result, she was brought to Toronto and appeared on CBC's Tabloid. Despite a lack of prior involvement with the media or entertainment industry, she was subsequently hired by the CBC as an announcer and given her own miniseries, The Marion Clarke Show, which was broadcast at 10:40 p.m. from 24 to 26 May 1954 shortly before she was given a leading role in Clarke, Campbell & Co. from 28 May 1954.
The series set resembled an art studio in which Clarke, Rick Campbell, cartoonist George Feyer and a cat were the regular performers. In the debut episode, some insubstantial banter among the cast was followed by a segment where music was played for audio while the camera was focused on the resting cat. Feyer drew cartoons as part of the proceedings.
Critical reception
Ottawa Citizen television critic Bob Blackburn described the series as CBC's "biggest turkey" of 1954. Another Ottawa Citizen critic, Claude Hammerston, described the series as a "monstrosity", noting about the much-promoted Clarke that the CBC "treated her rather shamefully". Alex Barris of The Globe and Mail described the scene of the cat set to music as "uninspired improvization".
Scheduling
This 15-minute series was broadcast on Fridays at 10:45 p.m. (North American Eastern time) from 28 May to 25 June 1954.
References
External links
CBC Television original programming
1954 Canadian television series debuts
1954 Canadian television series endings
Black-and-white Canadian television shows |
The following are the records of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in Olympic weightlifting. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts by the St. Vincent Amateur Weightlifting Association.
Men
Women
References
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
weightlifting
weightlifting |
is a railway station in the city of Annaka, Gunma, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).
Lines
Yokokawa Station is a terminal station for its segment of the Shinetsu Main Line, and is located 29.7 kilometers from the starting point of the line at .
Station layout
The station has a two opposed side platforms connected to the station building by a footbridge. There is a third track in the middle for through traffic.
Platforms
History
Yokokawa Station opened on October 15, 1885 as the terminus of the governmental railway between and Yokokawa. The station became an intermediate station of the railway connecting Takasaki and (later named the Shinetsu Main Line) when the Usui Pass section of the railway, connecting Yokokawa and , opened on April 1, 1893.
The Usui Pass section of the railway closed on October 1, 1997. Yokokawa Station has been the terminus of the line since then.
The former Yokokawa locomotive depot for bank engines used on the Usui Pass was transformed into the Usui Pass Railway Heritage Park, which exhibits the bank engines (JNR Class EF63 electric locomotives) and other rolling stock.
JR BUS KANTO has been operating a route bus Usui Line which connects Karuizawa Station with this station as a bustitution of Shinetsu Main Line's closed section since 1997.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 208 passengers daily (boarding passengers only).
Bus routes
JR BUS KANTO Usui Line
For Karuizawa Station
This bus route passes through Megane Bridge during autumn.
Surrounding area
Yokogawa Post Office
References
External links
Station information (JR East)
Shin'etsu Main Line
Railway stations in Gunma Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1885
Stations of East Japan Railway Company
Annaka, Gunma |
Hey Duggee is a British animated educational pre-school television series aimed at two to five-year-olds. Created by Grant Orchard, it is produced by Studio AKA, in association with BBC Studios (formerly BBC Worldwide). The show is narrated by Alexander Armstrong.
The programme's characters are talking anthropomorphic animals, with Duggee communicating in woofs. The episodes are based around The Squirrel Club, an activity club for children that Duggee leads. The childrenthe club's Squirrelstake part in all kinds of activities, have adventures and earn badges for their accomplishments. Each episode shows the Squirrels completing an activity or adventure relating to a badge that they earn at the end of each episode. There is no set formula for every episode, with many referencing or parodying pop culture.
Hey Duggee has four series. It was first shown in December 2014. BBC and Studio AKA produced a second series in early 2016, with the first episode airing in the United Kingdom on 26 September 2016. A third series was commissioned in October 2017, with the first episode due to be broadcast in Autumn 2018, but was pushed back to 4 March 2019. It aired until September 2021 with a Christmas episode shown in December 2020. The third series received increased acclaim and popularity amongst children and adults alike during the 2020 pandemic lockdowns. It was renewed for a fourth series on 5 September 2022.
On October 13, 2023, it was announced a spinoff series Hey Duggee’s Squirrel Club is currently in the works.
Production
The programme is animated using the computer program Flash, with a minimalist style using filled shapes with no outlines, and only effects that Flash is capable of, and only the Duggee character regularly uses gradients. For example, if there is a frog character, then it usually bears the appearance of a plain green triangle.
The production team consists of around 16 in-house animators, with six to eight scriptwriters.
Characters
Main
Narrator – the narrator of the show.
Duggee – a friendly big brown male dog and the leader of the Squirrel club.
Betty – a talkative and intelligent purple octopus.
Norrie – a sweet-natured and curious brown mouse.
Roly – an enthusiastic, loud and hyperactive grey hippo.
Tag – a gentle, clumsy blue rhino.
Happy – a tall, easy-going green crocodile, with a love of water and splashing in puddles.
Recurring
Sander Jones as:
Enid – Duggee's pet cat.
The Rabbits – live in the field near the clubhouse and all sound like hippies, apart from one who speaks French.
Diesel – an angry bull who often chases Duggee and the Squirrels.
Frog
Phillip Warner as:
Naughty Monkey – a monkey who loves to cause chaos.
King Tiger – local royalty whose favourite entertainment is the "jelly-belly dancers".
The Chickens – live in the hen-house and enjoy watching episodes of a Spanish hospital-drama.
Ladybird
Grant Orchard as:
Naughty Mice – a gang of three trouble-making mice styled like a 1950s biker gang; they usually leave the scene with the phrase "Let's bounce".
Whooooo – a shamanistic owl.
Mole – a short-sighted animal who has dreams of being a stunt-mole.
The Rabbits
Adam Longworth as:
Lord Fingal of Skye Castle – a Scottish Terrier with a Scottish accent and a kilt.
Tino the Artistic Mouse – a perfectionist mouse whom Roly describes as grumpy.
Hedgley – a hedgehog who has an African-American accent.
Mr. (John) Crab – a dramatic orange crab, married to a non-speaking crab named Nigel.
Eugene – an anxious chipmunk involved in leading various theatrical events.
Wilburt the Delivery Chipmunk – a postman who has difficulty pronouncing names.
Thora and Agnes, the two old deer.
Penguins
Sgt. Ant
Lucy Montgomery as:
Hennie – a tall, sports-loving ostrich.
Chew Chew the Panda – a confectionery-loving panda.
Fox
Morgana Robinson as:
Katarina the Flamingo – the lead swimmer of a synchronised swimming team.
Buggee – a small insect who feels useless due to her small size until the Squirrels show her otherwise.
Peggee – a wildebeest who leads the Hummingbirds Club.
Masami Eagar as:
Hatsu
Anelisa Lamola as:
Mrs. Weaver
Tim Digby-Bell as:
Mr. (Nigel) Crab – Mr. Crab's husband.
Other characters
The Hummingbirds – The other group of older animals in the episode The Making Friends Badge, with their very own version of Duggee. They are:
Finbar (10 years old) (voiced by Charley Orchard in "The Making Friends Badge" and Ferris Hicks-Little-Jones in "The Same Badge")
Merry (10 years old) (voiced by Charley Orchard in "The Making Friends Badge" and Avalon McNamara in "The Same Badge")
Chad (9 years old) (voiced by Bastian Varrall in "The Making Friends Badge" and Bram Hicks-Little-Jones in "The Same Badge")
Rochelle (11 years old) (voiced by Poppy Green in "The Making Friends Badge" and Mio Eagar in "The Same Badge")
Ottie (12 years old) (voiced by Sean Orchard in "The Making Friends Badge" and Magdalena Beardsmore in "The Same Badge")
Duglee – Duggee's little nephew, voiced by Poppy Green and Charley Orchard.
Ethel
Merchandise and licensing deals
In the UK, the BBC Children's Books imprint published books based on the series.
Golden Bear Toys manufactures Hey Duggee toys sold in the UK.
In 2015, Hey Duggee was adapted into several videogame apps for mobile devices. These include:
The Big Badge App
The Big Outdoors App
We Love Animals
Colouring
Jigsaw Puzzles
The Counting Badge
The Exploring App
The Squirrels Club
The Christmas Badge
As of May 2015, Jasnor holds the master toy licence in Australia and New Zealand.
"The Stick Song"
"The Stick Song" premiered in the series 2 episode, Hey Duggee: The Stick Badge, which was first broadcast in the UK on 7 December 2017. Duggee and the Squirrels are making a campfire when Roly discovers one of his sticks can talk. The stick turns out to be a stick insect, and starts singing "stick" repeatedly to a catchy dance tune.
As of 2020, the song has been viewed over 7 million times on YouTube. The track has been featured on BBC Radio 6 Music and BBC Two's Newsnight. Many remixes have been produced, by both the BBC and others, including a heavy metal remix by children's heavy metal band Slay Duggee.
Episodes
Reception
Stuart Heritage, writing in The Guardian, described the series as being "peerless."
On Twitter, the London Fire Brigade (LFB) in Greenwich complained about "The Dressing-Up Badge". In the episode, Roly dresses up as a firefighter, but is described as being a fireman, which Greenwich LFB described as being outdated whereas the term firefighter is "the preferred respectful, inclusive, non-sexist, non-gendered term that should be being widely used by all media but especially the BBC".
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Hey Duggee at Studio AKA
Page from Studio AKA
BBC children's television shows
English-language television shows
British children's animated adventure television series
British children's animated comedy television series
Animated preschool education television series
2014 British television series debuts
2010s British children's television series
2020s British children's television series
British flash animated television series
British preschool education television series
2010s British animated television series
2020s British animated television series
2010s preschool education television series
2020s preschool education television series
Nick Jr. original programming
Animated television series about dogs
Animated television series about children
CBeebies
Television series by BBC Studios |
Symon Rak-Michajłoŭski (also spelled Symon Rak-Mikhailoŭski; ; 2 April 1885 – 27 November 1938) was a Belarusian political leader, writer, and teacher. He was a member of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic and a deputy of the Sejm (Parliament) of the Second Polish Republic (1922–1927). He wrote extensively for several newspapers, including Naša Niva, Belarus and Zvon, and authored music for the famous song "Zorka Venera" (the Venus Star) based on a poem by Maksim Bahdanovič.
Early years and the beginning of political career
Rak-Michajłoŭski was born into a farming family in the village of Maksimaŭka in Vialiejka district, Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire (nowadays – in Maladziečna district, Minsk Region of Belarus) on 2 April 1885. Having graduated from the Maladziečna Teachers' Seminary (1905), he taught in various schools in Belarus for several years, participated in cultural activities and collected folk songs.
His political activities among Belarusian peasants date back to the period of the first Russian Revolution in 1905, when Rak-Michajłoŭski was elected by the peasants of his region to be their lobbying delegate in the State Duma (Parliament of the Russian Empire). In 1906 he was imprisoned for three months for distribution of social democratic literature. Rak-Michajłoŭski wanted to continue his education in the Vilna Teachers' Institute but was not accepted due to his involvement in politics. The persecution by public authorities forced him to relocate to Crimea, where he graduated from the Feodosia Teachers' Institute (1912) and, later, worked as a college teacher.
Rak-Michajłoŭski was called up for military duty during World War I and served as a clerk due to his poor health. At this time, he disseminated revolutionary ideas among soldiers and started writing for various newspapers. His first article "Some thoughts during a military campaign" () was published by Naša Niva in 1915.
Involvement in the Belarusian independence movement
After the February Revolution in 1917, Rak-Michajłoŭski moved to Minsk, joined the Belarusian Socialist Assembly, and become actively involved in the political life there. He was instrumental in forming the of which he was elected chairman. He also took part in preparing the First All-Belarusian Congress in 1917 and became a member of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic.
Active among the military, Rak-Michajłoŭski also began an intensive campaign for establishing Belarusian schools. He organized the first Belarusian Teachers' Training courses in Minsk, 1918–1919, a Teachers' Seminary in the town of Baruny, and later, Teachers' Courses in Vilna, 1921. While working in different capacities in the Government of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, he also edited the Belarusian-language daily, Biełaruskaje Słova in Horadnia.
In Western Belarus
After the signing of the Treaty of Riga in 1921, Rak-Michajłoŭski did not want to go into exile and remained in Western Belarus which was transferred to the Second Polish Republic under the treaty. He became a teacher in the Belarusian High School in Vilna. In 1922 Rak-Michajłoŭski was elected to the Polish Sejm, working actively with several Belarusian organizations but devoting most of his time to the Society of Belarusian Schools (Tavarystva Biełaruskaj Školy). Using his parliamentary immunity, Rak-Michajłoŭski expressed openly his national ideas and, together with his associates, participated in the preparation of an anti-Polish uprising on the territory of Western Belarus.
In 1927, however, Rak-Michajłoŭski was arrested by the Polish authorities and sentenced to a prison term of 12 years "for communist propaganda". Later, the court of appeal commuted the sentence to 6 years of imprisonment and, in 1930, Rak-Michajłoŭski was released.
In Soviet Belarus. Persecution and death
In 1930, Rak-Michajłoŭski fled to the Soviet Belarus under threat of re-arrest in Poland. He settled in Minsk and became the director of the Belarusian State Museum. However, he was arrested on 16 August 1933 by the Soviet authorities in the case of the Belarusian National Centre and, on 9 January 1934, sentenced to capital punishment as "the leader of a counterrevolutionary organisation," replaced later by 10 years of Gulag prison camps. In 1937, after several years spent in the Solovki prison camp, Rak-Michajłoŭski was sent back to Minsk and sentenced to capital punishment as a Polish agent. He was executed in Minsk on 27 November 1938, and, in 1956, posthumously exonerated.
Notable works
Гутарка аб беларускай мове [Discourse about the Belarusian Language], Minsk, 1919;
Страшны вораг: Кніжка пра гарэлку [Dangerous Enemy: a Book about Spirit], Vilna, 1924;
Прамовы дэпутатаў Беларускага пасольскага клубу ў Польскім Сойме. Паводле соймавых стэнаграм [Talks by the deputies of the Belarusian Deputy Club in the Polish Sejm. Based on the Sejm's stenography records], Vilna 1924;
Прамовы дэпутатаў соймавага клубу Беларускай сялянска-работніцкай грамады [Talks by the deputies of the Sejm Club of the Peasants' and Workers' Union], Vilna, 1926.
Турэмны дзённік [A Prisoner's Diary] // Куфэрак Віленшчыны. 2007. No. 1 (12). c. 48–97.
Rak-Michajłoŭski authored music for the famous song ‘Zorka Venera’ (the Venus Star) based on a poem by Maksim Bahdanovič. However, the music was described as “folk” for a long time due to the persecution of its true author.
References
1885 births
1938 deaths
Belarusian politicians
Male non-fiction writers
Great Purge victims from Belarus
Gulag detainees
Belarusian independence movement
Members of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic |
Jovan Čokor (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Чокор; 1885–1946) was a Serbian epidemiologist, infectologist, and physician famous for contributing significantly to the works of Robert Koch. Aftering being informed of an error in his works, Koch wrote "[Čokor] saved humanity from a huge epidemic."
1885 births
1946 deaths
Serbian physicians |
The J-2X is a liquid-fueled cryogenic rocket engine that was planned for use on the Ares rockets of NASA's Constellation program, and later the Space Launch System. Built in the United States by Aerojet Rocketdyne (formerly, Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne), the J-2X burns cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants, with each engine producing of thrust in vacuum at a specific impulse (Isp) of . The engine's mass is approximately 2,470 kg (5,450 Lb), significantly heavier than its predecessors.
The J-2X was intended to be based on the J-2 used on the S-II and S-IVB stages of the Saturn rockets used during the Apollo program, but as required thrust for the Ares I increased due to weight problems it became a clean-sheet design. It entered development in 2007 as part of the now-cancelled Constellation program. Originally planned for use on the upper stages of the Ares I and Ares V rockets, the J-2X was later intended for use in the Earth Departure Stage of the Block 2 Space Launch System, the successor to the Constellation program. The engine is intended to be more efficient and simpler to build than its J-2 ancestor, and cost less than the RS-25 engine. Differences in the new engine include the removal of beryllium, a centrifugal turbo pump versus the axial turbo pump of the J-2, different chamber and nozzle expansion ratios, a channel-walled combustion chamber versus the tube-welded chamber of the J-2, a redesign of all the electronics, a gas generator and supersonic main injector based on the RS-68, and the use of 21st-century joining techniques.
Testing
On 16 July 2007 NASA officially announced the award to Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) of a $1.2 billion contract "for design, development, testing and evaluation of the J-2X engine", and began construction of a new test stand for altitude testing of J-2X engines at Stennis Space Center on 23 August 2007.
Component testing was undertaken between December 2007 and May 2008, with nine tests of heritage J-2 engine components at SSC in preparation for the design of the J-2X engine. and on 8 September 2008 PWR announced successful testing of the initial J-2X gas generator design. The completion of a second round of successful gas generator tests was announced on 21 September 2010.
Starting in 2011, the full J-2X engine, derived from heritage and new designs, has undergone hot-fire tests.
June 2011: The first hot-fire test.
November 2011: A test-firing lasting 499.97 seconds.
June 2012: A test-firing lasting 1,150 seconds, during which the J-2X was throttled up and down.
July 2012: A test-firing for 1,350 seconds ( minutes).
December 2012: Final test-firing of the powerpack assembly.
Feb 2013: Testing of engine 10002 begins on test stand A2 for 6 tests.
June 2013: Engine 10002 moved to test stand A1 for 7 further tests.
Sept 2013: Final test-firing of engine 10002.
Nov 2013: Testing of engine 10003 begins.
Program status
In October 2013, it was reported that work on the J-2X would pause following development testing in 2014, due to funding limitations, an expected delayed need for the engine's capabilities for piloted missions to Mars, and selection of the RL10 powered Exploration Upper Stage for SLS.
In September 2022, the components of the J-2X was put up for auction on GSA Auctions, likely confirming the cancellation of the program.
See also
HG-3 engine
M-1 (rocket engine)
References
Rocket engines using hydrogen propellant
Rocketdyne engines
Space Launch System
Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle
Rocket engines of the United States |
```yaml
gl:
activerecord:
models:
decidim/pages/page:
one: Pxina
other: Pxinas
decidim:
admin_log:
page:
update: "%{user_name} actualizou a pxina %{resource_name} en %{space_name}"
components:
pages:
name: Pxina
settings:
global:
announcement: Anuncio
step:
announcement: Anuncio
pages:
admin:
models:
components:
body: Corpo
pages:
edit:
save: Actualizacin
title: Editar pxina
update:
invalid: Produciuse un erro ao gardar a pxina.
success: A pxina gardouse correctamente.
``` |
.bible is a delegated top-level domain (TLD), approved by ICANN as a generic TLD (gTLD).
Usage
According to the ICANN application for this TLD, "The goal of the .BIBLE top-level domain is to establish itself as the recognized choice for registrants who want to market and promote themselves and their websites to, and reach, the Internet-using community, for ministry, business, personal or any other purpose, through a positive association with the Bible; and, as the recognized top level domain name for Internet consumers to know which people, businesses, information sources or other online resources associate themselves with the Bible."
Significance
Doug Birdsall, former president of the American Bible Society, described the domain as "the Bible's moment to move from Gutenberg to Google."
See also
.church
References
External links
Generic top-level domains
2016 introductions
Bible in popular culture |
Hohenheim is a neighborhood in Stuttgart, Germany.
The name can also refer to:
Hohenheim Castle
University of Hohenheim
People and families carrying the toponymic surname "van Hohenheim" include:
Theophrastus von Hohenheim, better known as Paracelsus
Van Hohenheim, a character in the anime series and manga Fullmetal Alchemist based on Paracelsus
Bombast von Hohenheim, a Swabian noble family that went extinct in 1566
Franziska von Hohenheim, for whom the Swabian name and title was revived in 1774 |
USS Gilmer (DD-233/APD-11) was a Clemson-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was the first ship named for Secretary of the Navy Thomas Walker Gilmer.
Construction and commissioning
Gilmer was launched 24 May 1919 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation; sponsored by Mrs. Elizabeth Gilmer Miles, Secretary Gilmer's granddaughter; and commissioned 30 April 1920.
Service history
From 27 August 1920 to 11 August 1923, Gilmer made two round trip transatlantic voyages out of New York to European and Mediterranean ports. Gilmer was damaged in a storm in the Adriatic Sea in November 1920. She struck a submerged object 3 February 1921 and was forced to enter dry dock in Pola, Italy (now Pula, Croatia) for repairs to her starboard propeller and shaft. She subsequently engaged in training exercises along the United States East Coast, in the Caribbean, and out of United States West Coast ports until 1938. This varied duty was highlighted by a cruise to Nicaragua in 1926 to protect American lives and property during the guerrilla war led by Augusto César Sandino, an escort voyage to Havana guarding President Calvin Coolidge in in 1928, and disaster relief work in the Caribbean during the same year.
Decommissioned at Philadelphia 31 August 1938, Gilmer recommissioned 25 September 1939 following the outbreak of World War II and was assigned as flagship of Destroyer Squadron 30 in the Atlantic Squadron. She was part of the Thirteenth Naval District in 1940. She conducted patrols and exercises in the Atlantic and Caribbean until reaching San Diego 4 November 1940 and continued these duties along the Pacific coast until the United States entered the war.
World War II
Gilmer was at sea off Puget Sound when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. She immediately began antisubmarine patrol and escort duties. In early June 1942, she took part in the opening stages of the Aleutian Islands campaign. She entered drydock 13 November 1942. She was redesignated as a high-speed transport, APD-11, on 22 January 1943 following conversion. She sailed from Seattle 29 January via San Diego for Pearl Harbor, arriving 13 February, and subsequently escorted merchantmen to Espiritu Santo, where she moored 9 March and commenced amphibious training exercises with the 4th Marine Raiders Battalion.
On 5 April, Gilmer sailed from Tulagi and as flagship of Transport Division 16 engaged in antisubmarine patrols in those waters. She called at Nouméa 22 April, and put in at Townsville, Australia, 8 May, making two round trip escort voyages thence to Brisbane 13 May-22 June 1943. Escort and patrolling from Australia to New Guinea continued until 4 September 1943, when Gilmer participated in the Allied assault on the Huon Peninsula near Lae, New Guinea, and patrolled off Buna, New Guinea. She supported American and Australian forces in the New Guinea campaign, and made frequent escort voyages thence to Australia and return. On 26 December 1943, she landed troops of the 1st Marine Division at Cape Gloucester, New Britain, and stood by to support landings at Finschhafen 3 days later. On 2 January 1944, elements of the 126th Infantry were landed at Saidon. Gilmer engaged in patrols of Buna, Cape Sudest, and Australia and bombarded Humboldt Bay, New Guinea, 22 April 1944 when Army forces began the assault.
On 12 May the ship sailed from Hollandia to embark underwater demolition teams (UDT) at Pearl Harbor and debarked them 14 June 1944 at the initial assault on Saipan. Two days later she discovered and sank four Japanese cargo ships, taking 24 prisoners, escaping serious damage. Tinian Town was bombarded 23 June and UDT operations off that island continued until 14 July when Gilmer, along with , formed an offensive antisubmarine warfare group and sank in . DANFS listed this submarine as I-6, but I-6 is believed to have been lost to friendly fire at the end of June 1944.
Gilmer sailed from Tinian 12 August for Pearl Harbor and until January 1945 conducted demolition and reconnaissance training with UDT teams in Hawaiian waters. She sailed 10 January as flagship for rehearsal exercises at Ulithi, and on 16 February closed Iwo Jima for the initial amphibious assaults. UDT teams were landed on the eastern and western beaches, and Gilmer screened as the big ship bombarded Japanese defenses on Iwo Jima. Patrolling and screening activities continued through 24 February, when Gilmer sailed for Leyte, arriving four days later. After touching Ulithi, she took part in the Okinawa operation, closing that island 25 March 1945 as flagship of the UDT's. The next day, a kamikaze hit her galley deckhouse, killing one and wounding three crewmen. Gilmer supported the invasion until 9 April when she sailed for repairs at Pearl Harbor, but returned to Okinawa 4 July to recommence patrolling duties.
Following antisubmarine screening assignments for convoys bound from the Philippines to Okinawa, Gilmer moored at Nagasaki 13 September after Japan's surrender to carry prisoners of war from there to Okinawa. She sailed from that island 15 October to escort a convoy to Hong Kong, arriving 22 October, and sailed again 2 days later to escort troopships carrying the Chinese 13th Army to Chinwangtao. After further escort and patrol voyages along the China coast, Gilmer sailed from Tsingtao 26 November for the United States and finally moored in the U.S. again at Philadelphia 11 January 1946.
Fate
Decommissioned 5 February 1946, her name was struck from the Navy list 25 February 1946. She was sold for scrapping 3 December 1946.
Awards
Gilmer received seven battle stars for World War II service. Awarded a Navy Unit Commendation for participating in seven specific operations during World War II. Gilmer received the Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal for service 25 September-7 October 1926 and 11-30 October 1926.
See also
See USS Gilmer for other ships of this name.
References
External links
Clemson-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of the United States
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built by New York Shipbuilding Corporation
1919 ships
Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign |
Nikita Akinfiyevich Demidov () (7 September 1724 – 7 May 1789) was a Russian industrialist and arts patron.
Life
He was the younger son of Akinfiy Demidov, brother of Prokofi Demidov and father of Nikolai Demidov.
He was married three times: firstly to Natalia Yakovlevna Evreinova (1732-1756), secondly to Maria Sverchkova (1644–1776) and thirdly to Alexandra Evtikhievna Safonova (1745-1778).
His children from the first marriage were:
Akinfiy Nikitich Demidov and
Elizaveta Nikitichna Demidova.
From the third marriage:
Jekaterina Nikitichna Lvova (1772-1832),
Nikolai Nikitich Demidov and
Maria Nikititchina Durnova (1776-1847).
Inheriting mines and metallurgical factories in the Urals and Siberia, he was also a major landowner, with properties in central and southern Russia and in Italy. He left eight metallurgical factories, a huge annual income and 12,000 serfs to his son Nikolai on his death.
He was an amateur scientist, the first member of the Demidov family to protect the arts actively and a major traveller, journeying abroad to see Europe's industrial innovations, manners and culture. In 1786 he published a Journal of his foreign travels, and also corresponded with Voltaire and Diderot. In 1779 he set up a medal to reward a success in mechanics, to be decided by the Russian Academy of Sciences.
References
1724 births
1789 deaths
Scientists from the Russian Empire
Philanthropists from the Russian Empire
Explorers from the Russian Empire
18th-century businesspeople from the Russian Empire
Nikita
18th-century philanthropists |
Catapyrgus sororius is a critically endangered species of fresh water snail endemic to New Zealand.
Habitat
This snail has only been found in one location, a stream in the Ida Cave in the Oparara River Valley in the Kahurangi National Park. This area is a protected forest reserve managed by the Department of Conservation. Although the population trend of this species is regarded as being stable, the main threats to this snail are pollution events in the stream it inhabits and caving activities.
Conservation status
In November 2018 the Department of Conservation classified Catapyrgus sororius as Nationally Critical under the New Zealand Threat Classification System. The species was judged as meeting the criteria for Nationally Critical threat status as a result of it occupying only in one location, the total area of which is less than 1 hectare. It is considered as being Data Poor under that system.
References
External links
Image of the holotype specimen held at Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Gastropods described in 2008
Gastropods of New Zealand
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Endangered biota of New Zealand
Endemic molluscs of New Zealand |
Peter Christopher Yorke (13 August 1864 – 4 April 1925) was an American Irish Catholic priest and an Irish Republican and Labor activist in San Francisco.
Early life
Born on Galway's Long Walk on 13 August 1864, he was the youngest child of Gregory Yorke, a sea captain, and his wife, Bridget, née Kelly. Gregory Yorke died six months before Peter was born.
The Yorke family were originally from Holland, where the name was spelled Jorke. Peter Yorke's grandfather, Christopher Yorke, came to Galway in the early 19th century, building lighthouses and breakwaters in Galway, Aran and Westport.
Priesthood
In 1882, after initially schooling at Coláiste Iognáid Galway, Yorke then graduated from St. Jarlath's College in Tuam. He then went to St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, where he studied for four years before being adopted by the Archdiocese of San Francisco. He was ordained in 1887. He was pastor of St. Peter's in 1914.
In San Francisco, he became the editor of The Monitor, the official newspaper of the archdiocese. In 1901, he supported the workers in a Teamsters strike. In 1902, he founded and edited a local newspaper called The Leader.
Yorke was the author of the best-selling textbook The Ghosts of Bigotry, originally republished in San Francisco 1913 from new plates, the originals having been destroyed in the earthquake and fire of 1906. It was the genesis work of the Catholic Truth Society, in response to an anti-Catholic literary campaign by the American Protestant Association, and a frank account of the "Black Myths" of English Protestant opposition to the Roman Catholic Church from the reign of Elizabeth I through to Catholic Emancipation and the Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851 in the 19th century. Its concluding chapter sets the scene of Catholic resurgence in the USA. The publisher was the Text Book Publishing Company, 641 Stevenson Street.
Legacy
Yorke is buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.
Every Palm Sunday the United Irish Societies of San Francisco hold a memorial celebration of Peter Yorke at Holy Cross Cemetery. Following the Palm Sunday Mass at All Saints Chapel, there is a short procession to his graveside. There poems, music and speeches celebrate his life.
A short street called Peter Yorke Way in San Francisco, which runs from the junction of Geary Boulevard and Gough Street to Post Street, is named after him. The headquarters of the archdiocese is located at 1 Peter Yorke Way.
References
Joseph S. Brusher, Consecrated Thunderbolt: Father Yorke of San Francisco (Hawthorne, New Jersey: Joseph F. Wagner, Inc., 1973)
Sr. Mary Camilla Fitzmaurice, Historical Development of the Educational Thought of the Reverend Peter C. Yorke, 1893–1925 (1963)
James P. Walsh, Ethnic Militancy: An Irish Catholic Prototype (San Francisco: R and E Research Associates, 1972)
Priscilla F. Knuth, Nativism in California, 1886–1897.
God give us men.
The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
External links
YouTube links
1864 births
1925 deaths
19th-century Irish Roman Catholic priests
Christian clergy from Galway (city)
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco
Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth
Irish humanitarians
Irish revolutionaries
19th-century American Roman Catholic priests
People educated at Coláiste Iognáid |
Raúl Tiago Soares Almeida (born 2 November 1997) is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a forward.
Career
On 7 August 2016, Almeida made his professional debut with FC Porto B in a 2016–17 LigaPro match against Aves.
References
External links
Raúl Almeida at ZeroZero
1997 births
Living people
Portuguese men's footballers
People from Gondomar, Portugal
Men's association football forwards
FC Porto players
Gondomar S.C. players
Sporting CP footballers
Boavista F.C. players
F.C. Paços de Ferreira players
FC Porto B players
S.C. Covilhã players
R.D. Águeda players
U.S.C. Paredes players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Campeonato de Portugal (league) players
Footballers from Porto District |
An Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth is a 1770 book about truth by the Scottish philosopher and poet James Beattie. His major work, the book enjoyed great success but angered the philosopher David Hume and has been criticized for Beattie's tendency to denounce his opponents.
Publication history
An Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth was first published in 1770. A German translation appeared in 1772, and there were also French and Dutch translations.
Reception
An Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth enjoyed great success. It became a bestseller, made Beattie famous, and received the approbation of the writers Edmund Burke and Samuel Johnson. Beattie received numerous honors, including an audience with George III of the United Kingdom, who rewarded him with an annual pension, while the University of Oxford conferred on him the doctorate of civil law. Beattie also posed for the painter Joshua Reynolds. The work was discussed in continental Europe, where its German translation influenced the philosopher Immanuel Kant, helping him to understand Hume and aiding in the development of transcendental idealism. However, Hume reacted with anger to the work, and is said to have remarked of it, "Truth! there is no truth in it; it is a horrible large lie in octavo" and to have referred to Beattie as a "silly bigoted fellow". While it remains Beattie's best known philosophical work, neither its fame nor Beattie's philosophical reputation endured. The philosopher Dugald Stewart concluded in a letter to the writer William Forbes that while it was effective as a "popular antidote against the illusions of metaphysical scepticism" it lacked the subtlety, patience, and precision of Reid's work.
The philosopher Frederick Copleston commented that Beattie "indulged in declamation and diatribe in passages which were doubtless the expression of sincere indignation but which seem rather out of place in a philosophical work." He concluded that Beattie, "tends to give the impression that he has very little use for philosophy except as a means of attacking philosophies and philosophers." The philosopher Patricia Kitcher described An Essay on the Nature and Immutability of Truth as Beattie's "major work". Douglas McDermid argued that while Beattie's work was not an improvement over the philosopher Thomas Reid's Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense (1764), it is a good popularization and a "rhetorical tour de force" that is worth reading because it is "an important document in the history of the Scottish common sense school of philosophy" Reid inaugurated. McDermid called the work's style "lively, polished, pure, and lucid" and credited Beattie with presenting "a systematic and accessible defense of a simple-sounding thesis - that philosophy cannot afford to despise the plain dictates of common sense" and a "forceful critique of Hume's racism." Though not considering Beattie an "original or profound" thinker, he considered him a more capable philosopher than his critics admitted, and endorsed Stewart's view of the work. He noted that Beattie, unlike Reid, tended to "denounce and vilify" his opponents and that his work was "hard-hitting and caustic", and that it tended to reassure devout Christian readers with its ridicule of Hume's scepticism.
References
Bibliography
Books
Online articles
1770 non-fiction books
Books by James Beattie
English-language books
Modern philosophical literature
Truth
Epistemology books |
Charitie Lees Smith (later, Charitie Lees Bancroft; still later Charitie de Cheney or Charitie de Chenez; pen name, C.L.S. 21 June 1841 – 20 June 1923) was an Anglican Irish American hymnwriter. Her hymns, well known in England and Ireland, were included in Lyra Sacra Hibernica, Ryle's Spiritual Songs, Lyra Britannica, and Times of Refreshing. Additionally, she wrote various religious pieces for periodicals.
Early years
Charitie Lees Smith was born on 21 June 1841, at Bloomfield, Merrion, County Dublin, the fourth child of Rev. Dr. George Sidney Smith and Charlotte Lees. The Rev. Smith was the minister of Colebrooke, in the Church of Ireland parish of Aghalurcher from 1838–1867 and, during this period, the family lived in Ardunshin House near Brookeborough, County Fermanagh, Ireland. Her father was also at some point Rector of Drumragh, County Tyrone.
Her talent for poetic composition was developed at an early period of her life.
Career
In 1860, one of Smith's first compositions O for the robes of whiteness appeared in leaflet form in the immediate aftermath of the Irish 1859 revival. In 1863, she wrote perhaps her best known hymn "Before the Throne of God Above", which she entitled The Advocate (a hymn which was revived in evangelical circles in the late 20th century). In 1867, Smith's father took the family to Tattyreagh, Omagh, County Tyrone, when he became the rector of St Columba's Church. Smith continued with her compositions, publishing them in a volume entitled Within the Veil in 1867.
She wrote considerably for several serial publications and contributed hymns to J. C. Ryle's Spiritual Songs, Times of Refreshing, and the Lyra Britannica (1866) of Charles Rogers. Her hymn, "Christ Mighty to Save," was included in the latter publication, while "Heavenly Anticipations" was a favorite in Sunday schools. "Mighty to Save" first appeared in 1867 in the Lyra Britannica, its form being seven stanzas of eight lines each, but it was considerably abbreviated to fit it for common use, including a Cento beginning with the third verse. "Aspirations" was written in the flush and fervor of coming "out of darkness into marvellous light" during the awakenings of 1859-60 in Ireland.
Personal life
In 1869, Smith married a Liverpudlian, Arthur E. Bancroft, in Edinburgh, Scotland. Records of her married life are scarce but it seems she was widowed twice. She died on 20 June 1923, the day before her 82nd birthday, in Oakland, California (aged 81), bearing the surname de Cheney, or de Chenez.
References
Attribution
Bibliography
Further reading
Strahan, Jack (2002) More Hymns and Their Writers Glasgow, GTP.
External links
1841 births
1923 deaths
19th-century Irish writers
19th-century Irish women writers
Writers from County Dublin
Irish Anglican hymnwriters
Irish emigrants to the United States
American Episcopalians
Christian hymnwriters
Pseudonymous women writers
Irish religious writers
Women religious writers
19th-century pseudonymous writers |
Santa Rosa da Serra is a Brazilian municipality located in the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais. Its population as of 2020 was 3,357 people living in a total area of 296 km2. The city belongs to the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaiba and to the microregion of Patos de Minas. It became a municipality in 1962.
Location
The urban center is located at an elevation of 1,040 meters southeast of Patos de Minas in the upper Indaiá River valley. Neighboring municipalities are: São Gotardo (N), Estrela do Indaiá (E), Córrego Danta (S), and Campos Altos (W).
Distances
Araxá: 135 km
Estalagem: 35 km (BR-262)
Belo Horizonte: 230 km
Economic activities
The most important economic activities are cattle raising, commerce, and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$28 million, with 10 million generated by services, 1 million generated by industry, and 16 million generated by agriculture. Santa Rosa da Serra is in the middle tier of municipalities in the state with regard to economic and social development. As of 2007 there were no banking agencies in the town. There was a modest retail infrastructure serving the surrounding area of cattle and agricultural lands. There were 325 automobiles in all of the municipality (2007), about one for every 10 inhabitants.
Santa Rosa da Serra has a small municipal area and therefore little available land for agriculture. In the rural area there were 494 establishments (2006) occupying 25,000 hectares (planted area—2,000 ha, and natural pasture—16,500 ha.). About 2,000 persons were dependent on agriculture. 62 of the farms had tractors, a ratio of one in 8 farms. There were 9,700 head of cattle in 2006. The main crops were:
coffee: 2,000 hectares
corn: 1,500 hectares
Health and education
In the health sector there were 3 health clinics and no hospitals. In the educational sector there were 2 pre-primary schools, 3 primary schools, and no middle schools.
Municipal Human Development Index: 0.745 (2000)
State ranking: 329 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000
National ranking: 2,037 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000
Literacy rate: 82%
Life expectancy: 72 (average of males and females)
The highest-ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place.
References
See also
List of municipalities in Minas Gerais
Municipalities in Minas Gerais |
Andrzej Głąb (born 10 November 1966 in Chełm) is a Polish wrestler who competed in the 1988 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in wrestling in the 48 kg category (light-flyweight).
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
Polish male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Poland
Olympic medalists in wrestling
Olympic silver medalists for Poland
Wrestlers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
People from Chełm
Sportspeople from Lublin Voivodeship
20th-century Polish sportsmen
21st-century Polish people |
C. Vijayabaskar (or Vijayabasker; born 8 April 1974) is an Indian politician from the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Party (AIADMK), and the Health minister of Tamil Nadu from 2011 to 2021. He is a member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for the Viralimalai constituency, from where he won elections in 2011, 2016 and 2021. He was previously elected from Pudukkottai constituency in 2001.
Alleged obstruction of officials conducting an income tax raid at Vijayabhaskar's house in April 2017 led to First Information Reports being filed against his fellow ministers, R. Kamaraj and Udumalai K. Radhakrishnan, but were cancelled due to lack of evidence . He faced further investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation in 2018, which again was pending for a very long time due to lack of solid prima facie evidence and is rumored to be false information.
The Directorate of Vigilance and Anti-Corruption (DVAC) has filed a case against Vijayabhaskar, accusing him of illegally acquiring disproportionate assets worth Rs 27 crore during his five-year tenure in the 2016–2021 Tamil Nadu government led by the AIADMK. The DVAC registered a case against him and has also named his wife, and further searches were carried out at multiple properties allegedly owned by he and his family on October 18, 2021.
Personal life
C. Vijayabaskar was born on 8 April 1974 at Iluppur, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu to R. Chinnathambi Mazhavarayar. He completed his formal education from Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital (RMMCH), Chidambaram. He is married to Ramya and the couple have two children.
References
1974 births
Living people
Health ministers of India
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
People from Pudukkottai district
State cabinet ministers of Tamil Nadu
Medical doctors from Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021
Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026 |
The Sauerbrey equation was developed by the German Günter Sauerbrey in 1959, while working on his doctoral thesis at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany. It is a method for correlating changes in the oscillation frequency of a piezoelectric crystal with the mass deposited on it. He simultaneously developed a method for measuring the characteristic frequency and its changes by using the crystal as the frequency determining component of an oscillator circuit. His method continues to be used as the primary tool in quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) experiments for conversion of frequency to mass and is valid in nearly all applications.
The equation is derived by treating the deposited mass as though it were an extension of the thickness of the underlying quartz. Because of this, the mass to frequency correlation (as determined by Sauerbrey’s equation) is largely independent of electrode geometry. This has the benefit of allowing mass determination without calibration, making the set-up desirable from a cost and time investment standpoint.
The Sauerbrey equation is defined as:
where:
– Resonant frequency of the fundamental mode (Hz)
– normalized frequency change (Hz)
– Mass change (g)
– Piezoelectrically active crystal area (Area between electrodes, cm2)
– Density of quartz ( = 2.648 g/cm3)
– Shear modulus of quartz for AT-cut crystal ( = 2.947x1011 g·cm−1·s−2)
The normalized frequency is the nominal frequency shift of that mode divided by its mode number (most software outputs normalized frequency shift by default). Because the film is treated as an extension of thickness, Sauerbrey’s equation only applies to systems in which the following three conditions are met: the deposited mass must be rigid, the deposited mass must be distributed evenly and the frequency change < 0.05.
If the change in frequency is greater than 5%, that is, > 0.05, the Z-match method must be used to determine the change in mass.
The formula for the Z-match method is:
Equation 2 – Z-match method
– Frequency of loaded crystal (Hz)
– Frequency of unloaded crystal, i.e. Resonant frequency (Hz)
– Frequency constant for AT-cut quartz crystal (1.668x1013Hz·Å)
– Mass change (g)
– Piezoelectrically active crystal area (Area between electrodes, cm2)
– Density of quartz ( = 2.648 g/cm3)
– Z-Factor of film material
– Density of the film (Varies: units are g/cm3)
– Shear modulus of quartz ( = 2.947x1011 g·cm−1·s−2)
– Shear modulus of film (Varies: units are g·cm−1·s−2)
Limitations
The Sauerbrey equation was developed for oscillation in air and only applies to rigid masses attached to the crystal. It has been shown that quartz crystal microbalance measurements can be performed in liquid, in which case a viscosity related decrease in the resonant frequency will be observed:
where is the density of the liquid, is the viscosity of the liquid, and is the mode number.
References
Electrical phenomena
Transducers
Weighing instruments |
Sir Clement Meacher Bailhache (2 November 1856 – 8 September 1924) was an English commercial lawyer and judge.
Early life
Bailhache was born at Leeds, the eldest son of Rev. Clement Bailhache, of Huguenot descent, a Baptist minister and secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society; his mother, Emma, was daughter of Edward Augustus Meacher, of Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire. He was educated at the City of London School and studied law at the University of London, graduating in 1877.
Career
He initially practised as a solicitor in Newport, Monmouthshire, marrying Fanny Elizabeth Liebstein in 1881. The couple had a son and two daughters. However, it soon became clear that Bailhache possessed considerable skills as an advocate, skills under used as a provincial attorney. To pursue a career as a barrister, he entered the Middle Temple and was called to the bar in 1889. He practised in commercial law on the south Wales circuit, his existing network in the legal profession enabling him to advance rapidly. He soon attracted the attention of The City and he became in demand in London in the newly established Commercial Court.
Bailhache was elected to represent Finchley North on Middlesex County Council in 1898. He served a single three-year term, stepping down in 1901. He was also a member of Finchley Urban District Council.
Bailhache was made KC in 1908 and appeared in a Commercial Court graced by the advocacy of Thomas Edward Scrutton and John Hamilton. However, his two senior colleagues soon became High Court judges and Bailhache inherited an extensive practice. He had a great mastery of complex facts and law, and was concise in summarising them. "Few leaders at the bar have said so little or said it so well."
With the growth of commercial litigation in the early twentieth century, by 1912 the Commercial Court was in need of more judges and Bailhache was elevated to a judge of the High Court with the customary knighthood. As a judge, he worked through his list briskly, often paying insufficient attention to the arguments of counsel and often, in consequence, giving rise to successful appeals. He was clear in his judgments though disliked having to reserve judgment. In 1916 he chaired a committee of enquiry into the Royal Flying Corps but did little other enquiry work.
Personal life
He maintained his Baptist faith throughout his life and was a committed teetotaller. He was an enthusiastic pipe smoker, even during formal dinners.
Death
Bailhache died from a cerebral haemorrhage at Aldeburgh, Suffolk. He is buried at St Andrew's church, Totteridge, with his wife Fanny Elizabeth (21 May 1858 – 11 July 1937).
References and sources
References
Sources
Law Journal, 13 Sept 1924, 581
1856 births
1924 deaths
People educated at the City of London School
Alumni of the University of London
English Baptists
English barristers
20th-century English judges
Queen's Bench Division judges
St Andrew's church, Totteridge
English solicitors
Knights Bachelor
Members of Middlesex County Council
19th-century Baptists |
Anisoplaca viatrix is a species of moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1921. It is found on Java.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are pale greyish-ochreous, with small faint scattered grey strigulae. The costal edge is irrorated (speckled) with blackish from the base to near the middle and there are black subcostal and subdorsal dots near the base. The first discal stigma is small, black, in the middle of the disc, others are absent, but there is an irregular black mark on the apical edge. The hindwings are light grey.
References
Anisoplaca
Moths described in 1921
Moths of Indonesia |
Kimet Fetahu () is an Albanian academic and minority rights activist.
Life
Fetahu was born in 1955 in Trebisht in the Gollobordë region of Albania and completed studies in Albania and China. He has served as director of the non-governmental organization Center for Ethnic Studies. He has also been a university professor in Tirana. Fetahu is president of the ethnic Macedonian association "Mir" (meaning peace), which he founded in 1991 under its first name "Bratstvo" (meaning brotherhood).
Fetahu has made exaggerated estimates about the size of minority groups in Albania forming 35% of the total population. He has also stated that Macedonians in Albania number between 100,000 and 130,000.
In 2022, the Macedonian Alliance for European Integration officially proposed Fetahu for President of Albania.
References
1955 births
Macedonian academics
Albanian people of Macedonian descent
Living people |
María Isabel Carlota Jaramillo, stage name Carlota Jaramillo (9 July 1904 – 10 December 1987) was an Ecuadorian pasillo singer, known as "La Reina de la Canción Nacional" (Queen of National Song).
Early life
Jaramillo was born in Calacalí, in 1904. Her parents, Isaac Jaramillo Jaramillo and Natalia Jaramillo, were farmers. She grew in a musical family, one of her uncles and her maternal grandfather were musicians. Carlota studied in her hometown primary school and attended the “Manuela Cañizares” normal school in Quito to graduate as a teacher.
Career
In 1922 Jaramillo and her sister won a song contest at the Teatro Sucre in Quito. They were the only women in the competition. After that Jaramillo pursued a musical career. She recorded her first record in 1938, the pasillo Amor Grande y Lejano. In 1942 she recorded with Luis Alberto Valencia, Sendas Distintas, composed by her husband, Jorge Araujo Chiriboga. Other hit songs by her include La ingratitud, Sombras, Honda pena, and Para mi tus recuerdos.
Death and homages
Jaramillo died on 10 December 1987 of cerebral traumatisms after a fall in her home. She received a funeral with full honors from the Ecuadorian society. A monument in her honor was built in Calacalí in 1972. Her house was transformed into a museum in 2004.
References
1904 births
1987 deaths
20th-century Ecuadorian women singers |
Wygoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Krzysztoporska, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Wola Krzysztoporska, south-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and south of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Villages in Piotrków County |
Zahle may refer to:
Zahle (surname)
Zahlé (transliterated Zahleh or Zahleh, زحلة), the capital of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon
Zahle and Forzol, a Melkite Catholic diocese in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon
Our Lady of Zahle and the Bekaa, a Marian shrine
Centre d'Etudes Universitaires de Zahlé et de la Békaa (CEUZB), a university institution
Anibal Zahle, a Lebanese sports club
Zahle District
See also
Zahl (disambiguation) |
The Pocono Mountains, commonly referred to as the Poconos (), are a geographical, geological, and cultural region in Northeastern Pennsylvania. They overlook the Delaware River and Delaware Water Gap to the east, Lake Wallenpaupack to the north, Wyoming Valley and the Coal Region to the west, and the Lehigh Valley to the south. The name Pocono is derived from the Munsee word Pokawachne, which means "Creek Between Two Hills".
Much of the Poconos region lies within the Greater New York–Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA Combined Statistical Area. The wooded hills and valleys have long been a popular recreation area, accessible within a two-hour drive to millions of metropolitan area residents, with many Pocono communities having resort hotels with fishing, hunting, skiing, and other sports facilities.
The Poconos are an upland of the larger Allegheny Plateau, forming a escarpment.
Population
The Pocono Mountains are a popular recreational destination for local and regional visitors. While the area has long been a popular tourist destination, many communities have seen a rise in population, especially communities within Monroe County and Pike County. The region has a population of about 340,300, which is growing at a rapid pace. The Poconos now serves as a commuter community for New York City and North Jersey. The commute to workplaces often takes as much as two hours each way due to traffic.
The region includes three major municipalities: Stroudsburg, East Stroudsburg, and Mount Pocono. The three towns and the surrounding townships are all located in Monroe County, Pennsylvania, where the population is 165,058, about half of which is in the Poconos.
Municipalities and communities
The Pocono Mountains of northeastern Pennsylvania are divided into six regions: the Mountain Region, the Lake Region, the Delaware River Region, the Upper Delaware River Region, Wyoming Valley, and the Lehigh River Gorge Region.
Mountain region
Located in Monroe, Luzerne, southern Lackawanna, and northern Carbon Counties:
Albrightsville
Barrett Township
Bartonsville
Bear Creek
Blakeslee
Canadensis
Chestnuthill Township
Coolbaugh Township
Drifton
Delaware Water Gap
East Side
East Stroudsburg
Foster Township
Freeland
Gouldsboro
Henryville
Jackson Township
Jim Thorpe
Jonas, Pennsylvania
Kidder Township
Kunkletown
Lake Harmony
Lausanne Township
Long Pond
Marshalls Creek
Middle Smithfield Township
Mount Pocono
Mountainhome
Packer Township
Paradise Township
Penn Forest Township
Penn Lake Park
Pocono Lake
Pocono Pines
Pocono Summit
Pocono Township
Price Township
Reeders
Smithfield Township
Saylorsburg
Scotrun
Stroudsburg
Stroud Township
Thornhurst Township
Weatherly
White Haven
Swiftwater
Tannersville
Tobyhanna
Lake region
Located in Pike and Wayne Counties:
Gouldsboro
Hawley
Honesdale
Lakeville
Lake Ariel
Newfoundland
Tafton
Tanners Falls
Delaware River region
Located in Monroe and Pike Counties:
Eshback
Milford
Bushkill
Upper Delaware River region
Located in Pike and Wayne Counties:
Greeley
Lackawaxen
Shohola
Wyoming Valley
Located in Luzerne County:
Mountaintop
Dennison Township
Ashley
Kingston
Forty Fort
Nanticoke
Wilkes-Barre Township
Laurel Run
Sugar Notch
Dorrance
Greater Pittston
Wilkes-Barre
Nanticoke
Hanover
Fairview Township
Outlying areas
The boundary of the region can be at times unclear, and these Lehigh Valley, Carbon County, Schuylkill County, and Greater Hazleton (Luzerne County) communities fall on the periphery of the Poconos:
Coaldale (Schuylkill County)
Pen Argyl (Northampton County)
Bangor (Northampton County)
Walnutport (Northampton County)
Macungie (Lehigh County)
Slatington (Lehigh County)
Drums (Luzerne County)
Hazleton (Luzerne County)
West Hazleton (Luzerne County)
Aquashicola (Carbon County)
Andreas (Carbon and Schuylkill Counties)
Beaver Meadows (Carbon County)
Ashfield (Carbon County)
Bowmanstown (Carbon County)
Forest Inn (Carbon County)
Lansford (Carbon County)
Lehighton (Carbon County)
Nesquehoning (Carbon County)
Palmerton (Carbon County)
Parryville (Carbon County)
Portland (Northampton County)
Summit Hill (Carbon County)
Tamaqua (Schuylkill County)
Weissport (Carbon County)
Transportation
Roads
The Poconos Region is served by many state highways. The most used of these highways include Pennsylvania Route 115, Pennsylvania Route 715, Pennsylvania Route 903 (designated in some areas as the "Highway to Adventure" because of the numerous venues and resorts along the highway), Pennsylvania Route 33, Pennsylvania Route 940, and Pennsylvania Route 611. Pennsylvania Route 309, a major north–south route connecting Northeastern Pennsylvania with the Delaware Valley region, passes through the western end of the region.
There are two U.S. Highways in the Pocono Mountains region. The more used is U.S. Route 209, which goes from Ulster, New York, to Millersburg, Pennsylvania (near Harrisburg). The route's midpoint is in the region north of Stroudsburg. The other main U.S. Highway in the region is U.S. Route 6, which is a transcontinental highway that starts near Bishop, California, and runs for over to its eastern terminus in Provincetown, Massachusetts. It is designated a scenic route in Pennsylvania. U.S. Route 11, U.S. Route 22, and U.S. Route 46 are also not far from the region and serve it indirectly.
The main east–west interstate highway in the region is Interstate 80, off which branches Interstate 380, which connects the Poconos to Scranton. The other interstate highways in the region in Interstate 476, the Pennsylvania Turnpike's Northeast Extension, which has interchanges near Lehighton (Mahoning Valley), Albrightsville (Route 903), and White Haven (Pocono), and Interstate 81, which serves as an alternate route for the much busier Interstate 87 and Interstate 95, particularly for travelers from Toronto, Syracuse, Binghamton and Montreal to Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. Other interstates that serve the region are Interstate 84, which begins in Scranton and goes east to New England, and Interstate 78, by way of Route 33 or Route 309.
Restoration of passenger rail service
NJ Transit is rebuilding trackage on the Lackawanna Cut-Off route from Scranton through the Poconos to Hoboken, New Jersey. There is no estimated target year when the Lackawanna Cut-Off Restoration Project will be completed to the Poconos. The service would consist of nine trains per day in each direction. The NJ Transit board approved in April 2022 a $32.5 million contract for improving a tunnel and restoring track to part of the line between Blairstown, New Jersey and Port Morris Junction, New Jersey, a segment in which trackage had been removed in the 1980s.
Until 1970, the Erie Lackawanna Railway operated long-distance trains through the Poconos to Buffalo and Chicago to the west, and Hoboken to the east; the last Erie Lackawanna train to run this routes was Lake Cities.
Air travel
There are two airports that are located just outside the region: Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport and Lehigh Valley International Airport.
Geography
The Pocono Mountains is a defined area encompassing portions of Carbon, Monroe, Pike, and southern Wayne Counties in Pennsylvania. In total, the Poconos encompasses over . Some definitions also extend the Poconos to Lackawanna, Luzerne, eastern Schuylkill, and Susquehanna Counties. The Poconos are geologically part of the Allegheny Plateau, like the nearby Catskills. The Poconos' highest summit, Kistler Ledge in Monroe County, reaches over , while its lowest elevation is in Pike County.
The Delaware River flows through the Pocono Mountains and gives the region its name, from a Native American term roughly translating to "stream between two mountains". The Lehigh and Lackawaxen Rivers also flow through the region, totaling about 170 miles (270 km) of waterways.
Climate
Glaciated Low Plateau region
According to the Trewartha climate classification system, the Glaciated Low Plateau region of the northern and eastern Poconos has a Temperate Continental climate (Dc) with warm summers (b), cold winters (o) and year-around precipitation (Dcbo). Dcbo climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ , four to seven months with an average mean temperature ≥ , all months with an average mean temperature < and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are comfortably humid on the Low Plateau, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values > . Since 1981, the highest air temperature was on 08/06/2001, and the highest daily average mean dew point was on 08/01/2006. July is the peak month for thunderstorm activity which correlates with the average warmest month of the year. Since 1981, the wettest calendar day was on 09/17/2004. During the winter months, the plant hardiness zone is 5b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of . Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was on 01/21/1994. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values less than . The average snowiest month is January which correlates with the average coldest month of the year. Ice storms and large snowstorms depositing ≥ of snow occur nearly every year, particularly during nor’easters from December through March.
Glaciated Pocono Plateau region
According to the Trewartha climate classification system, the Glaciated Pocono Plateau region of the central and western Poconos has a Temperate Continental climate (Dc) with warm summers (b), cold winters (o) and year-around precipitation (Dcbo). Dcbo climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ , four to seven months with an average mean temperature ≥ , all months with an average mean temperature < and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are comfortably humid on the Pocono Plateau, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values > . Since 1981, the highest air temperature was on 07/22/2011, and the highest daily average mean dew point was on 08/01/2006. July is the peak month for thunderstorm activity which correlates with the average warmest month of the year. Since 1981, the wettest calendar day was on 09/30/2010. During the winter months, the plant hardiness zone is 5b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of . Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was on 01/21/1994. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < . The average snowiest month is January which correlates with the average coldest month of the year. Ice storms and large snowstorms depositing ≥ of snow occur nearly every year, particularly during nor’easters from December through March.
Ridge and Valley region
According to the Trewartha climate classification system, the Ridge and Valley section of the southern Poconos has a Temperate Continental climate (Dc) with hot summers (a), cold winters (o) and year-around precipitation (Dcao). Dcao climates are characterized by at least one month having an average mean temperature ≤ , four to seven months with an average mean temperature ≥ , at least one month with an average mean temperature ≥ and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. Although most summer days are slightly humid in the Ridge and Valley, episodes of heat and high humidity can occur with heat index values > . Since 1981, the highest air temperature was on 07/22/2011, and the highest daily average mean dew point was on 08/01/2006. July is the peak month for thunderstorm activity which correlates with the average warmest month of the year. The average wettest month is September which correlates with tropical storm remnants during the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season. Since 1981, the wettest calendar day was on 10/08/2005. During the winter months, the plant hardiness zone is 6a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of . Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was on 01/21/1994. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < . The average snowiest month is January which correlates with the average coldest month of the year. Ice storms and large snowstorms depositing ≥ of snow occur once every couple of years, particularly during nor’easters from December through March.
Ecology
Glaciated Low Plateau region
According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, the Glaciated Low Plateau region of the northern and eastern Poconos would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Hardwood (106) with a dominant vegetation form of Northern hardwood forest (26) north and west of Lake Wallenpaupack, and a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian Oak (104) with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern Hardwood Forest (25) south and east of Wallenpaupack. The peak spring bloom typically occurs in early-May and peak fall color usually occurs in early-October. The plant hardiness zone is 5b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of .
Glaciated Pocono Plateau region
According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, the Glaciated Pocono Plateau region of the central and western Poconos would have a dominant vegetation type of Northern Hardwood (106) with a dominant vegetation form of Northern hardwood forest (26). The peak spring bloom typically occurs in early-May and peak fall color usually occurs in early-October. The plant hardiness zone is 5b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of .
Ridge and Valley region
According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, the Ridge and Valley region of the southern Poconos would have a dominant vegetation type of Appalachian Oak (104) with a dominant vegetation form of Eastern Hardwood Forest (25). The peak spring bloom typically occurs in late-April and peak fall color usually occurs in mid-October. The plant hardiness zone is 6a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of .
Sullivan March
During the Revolutionary War in 1779, General John Sullivan marched his troops through the Pocono Mountains (Monroe and Luzerne counties) on their expedition to fight the Iroquois tribe in New York State. Sergeant Moses Fellows of the Third New Hampshire Regiment described the area as "...very poor & Barren and I think as never will Be Settled.”
Recreation
The Poconos are a well-known outdoor recreation destination for visitors around the northeast, especially from New York City and Philadelphia. The region encompasses the Delaware State Forest, including six designated natural areas, seven state parks, and seventeen state game lands. The Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area is on the eastern edge of the Poconos and includes of wilderness.
Resorts
Two of the earliest Pocono resorts were founded by rival factions of the Philadelphia Quaker community, Inn at Buck Hill Falls (1901) and Pocono Manor (1902). These resorts did not allow liquor or dancing, and evening dress was discouraged. The Quakers "brought a quiet, unostentatious style to the region," but their hotels later developed from religious retreats into "luxurious mountain resorts." Buck Hill's stone facade became a model for close to 300 stately stone-and-shingle homes in the region. Pocono Manor offered sweeping vistas of the eastern and western Pocono region and had been referred to as the "Grand Lady of the Mountains." Buck Hill closed in 1990 and the Inn at Pocono Manor was mostly destroyed by fire in 2019.
Skytop Lodge, built in 1928, is described as a "Dutch Colonial-style manor house." Designed in reaction to the Quaker resorts, it had a dance floor and served liquor in a basement bar. Skytop offers of hiking trails, and the main building "is surrounded by of wood, glacial bogs, hemlock gorges, beaver marshes, and cascading waterfalls." Novelist Faith Baldwin wrote about her 1932 visit to Skytop, "Here are friendly mountains, round-breasted, smiling in the clear, rosy light of dawn."
The Buckwood Inn opened in 1911 and included the first golf course to be designed by renowned golf architect A. W. Tillinghast. Bandleader Fred Waring purchased the resort in 1943, renamed it the Shawnee Inn, and broadcast his radio shows from there. The Shawnee Inn is a Spanish colonial revival building with white-Moorish architecture and Spanish tiled roofs, and it was identified in the 1990s as the only resort on the banks of the Delaware River.
Tamiment was a popular resort among Jewish singles from the working and emerging middle class and has been described as "a progressive version of the Catskills..." The facility opened in 1921 to generate income for the Rand School of Social Science, a Socialist school in New York. Tamiment Playhouse entertained resort guests with an original revue every Saturday night during the 10-week summer season, and many prominent Broadway and TV figures gained experience there. The playhouse was referred to as the "Poconos boot camp for Broadway writers and performers." The revues were discontinued in 1960 and the resort closed down in 2005.
Unity House, a Pocono retreat, offered affordable vacations for factory workers. The resort was owned for seventy years by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, and it served as a staging ground for union activities. Ron Devlin of The Morning Call referred to Unity House as a "blue-collar 'Hilton.'" Eleanor Roosevelt visited Unity House many times and wrote, "...you could not put children in a more favorable environment..." The resort closed down in 1990, falling victim to changing times and declining union membership.
In 1945 retired New York executive Rudolf Van Hoevenberg established the first honeymoon resort in the Pocono Mountains, Farm on the Hill. Sally Moore of Snow Country wrote, "Far from today's sybaritic accommodations, back then the rustic cabins required new brides to make the beds and tidy up while grooms helped with the dishes and did the heavy work." By 1960, the Pocono Mountains rivaled Niagara Falls as a honeymoon destination, attracting 100,000 couples a year. Morris Wilkins, co-owner of Cove Haven, invented the heart-shaped bathtub in 1963 as a way to lure honeymoon customers. The tub would appear in other couples resorts and became a symbol of the Pocono resort business. Author Lawrence Squeri wrote in 2002, "If Americans today are asked to name the image that best represents the Poconos, chances are that many will cite couples resorts and heart-shaped bathtubs..."
Mount Airy Lodge expanded from an eight-room inn into the largest Pocono resort. It heavily advertised in the New York media market with the catchy jingle, "Beautiful Mount Airy Lodge." Headliners, such as Bob Hope, Milton Berle, and Connie Francis, performed in the Crystal Room, Mount Airy's 2,000-seat theater. Comedian Mickey Freeman said, "The food was lousy, but it was a legalized orgy." The resort's heyday was in the 1960s and 1970s before closing in 2001.
In the 1950s the Kiesendahl family purchased a 12-bedroom boarding house along Lake Teedyuskung. It became the Woodloch Resort and, as of 2014, it encompassed and accommodated 900 guests in a variety of lodgings. Travel + Leisure identified the Lodge at Woodloch (founded 2006) as the number 3 destination spa in the world.
As of July 2015, there were four Pocono resorts with indoor water parks: Great Wolf Lodge, H20ooohh! at Split Rock Resort, Aquatopia at Camelback Mountain Resort, and Kalahari Resort. In 2014 Jayne Clark of USA Today wrote, "The former Honeymoon Capital of the World, the Poconos – rebranded in 2007 as the Pocono Mountains – continues to fine-tune its image as a family-friendly outdoor adventureland, health spa getaway and emerging waterpark capital."
Gambling
In November 2006 the Pocono Downs (now Mohegan Pennsylvania) harness-racing complex opened the first slot-machine parlor in the state of Pennsylvania. It was owned by the Mohegan Indian Tribe of Connecticut and included two gambling floors with nearly 1,100 machines. The Mount Airy Casino Resort opened in October 2007 (on the site of the former Mount Airy Lodge) with about 2,500 slot machines. The owner, Louis DeNaples, was later charged with perjury due to suspected ties with organized crime figures. He turned the resort over to his daughter and avoided prosecution.
Camping
The Poconos are home to several Scout camps. Camp Minsi, owned by the Boy Scouts' Minsi Trails Council, is centrally located in the Poconos on a property of in Pocono Summit. Camp Mosey Wood, owned by the Girl Scouts' Eastern Pennsylvania council, is located on a property of in White Haven, Pennsylvania. Other Scout camps located in the Poconos include Goose Pond Scout Reservation (Lake Ariel), Resica Falls Scout Reservation (Marshalls Creek), and Trexler Scout Reservation (Jonas).
The Poconos are also home to several Jewish summer camps, including Camp Massad, Camp Ramah, and Pinemere Camp. Other non-denominational season summer camps include Camp Lohikan, Camp Watonka, and Pocono Springs Camp.
Racing
Pocono Raceway, a major automobile race track, is home to a NASCAR Cup Series race, the Pocono 400, in July. The track formerly hosted a second NASCAR Cup Series race, the Pocono 325, and an IndyCar race, the Pocono 500. It also serves as a racing school, motorcycle track, and hosts club events. The two NASCAR weekends at Pocono are vital to the region for the tourism money it brings to the local economy. Pocono Raceway is the closest major professional race track to Philadelphia and the major metropolitan areas of New York and New Jersey.
Skiing
Skiing was a $230 million per year industry in the Poconos and in 1987 accounted for one-quarter of the region's tourist business. Pennsylvania native John Guresh, an employee at Big Boulder Ski Resort, is credited for bringing the ski industry to the Poconos. In the winter of 1956–57 he invented a machine "resembling a lawn sprinkler atop a sled" to generate artificial snow. Joyce Gemperlein of The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote, "Until Guresh perfected snowmaking at Big Boulder, skiing in the Poconos was a relatively minor sport." Ski resorts in the region could not rely on natural snow and, according to Big Boulder manager Ken Knize, there were times when conditions were right for skiing only two weeks a year. Cal Conniff, president of the National Ski Areas Association, regarded Guresh as "one of the pioneers" of the U.S. ski industry.
Alpine Mountain - now closed.
Blue Mountain Resort — one of the most popular ski resorts in Pennsylvania with 39 trails, 13 lifts and of elevation gain.
Camelback Mountain Resort — The second-highest number of ski runs in the Poconos and one of the more popular ski areas and peaks over .
Jack Frost Mountain and Big Boulder — Both resorts are owned by the same parent company. Jack Frost caters to more traditional family skiing, while Big Boulder is largely focused on terrain park skiing and snowboarding.
Montage Mountain Ski Resort — formerly known as "Snö Mountain".
Shawnee Mountain Ski Area — closest to New York City, just across the Delaware River from New Jersey, suited for families and beginners.
Ski Big Bear
Notable natives and residents
Fethullah Gülen, Turkish cleric in self-imposed exile
Robert E. Kintner, ex-President of both ABC and NBC
S. S. Kresge, founder of Kmart, formerly, SS Kresge's
Byron Lichtenberg, American engineer and fighter pilot who flew aboard two NASA Space Shuttle missions as a Payload Specialist.
Kelly Monaco, actress and winner of the first season of Dancing with the Stars
Rob Felicetti, bassist in alternative rock/pop punk band Bowling For Soup.
James Mungro, former NFL running back and Super Bowl Champion with the Indianapolis Colts
Paul Sorvino, actor and opera singer.
Morris Wilkins, inventor of the heart-shaped bathtub and champagne glass bathtub
Media
Print
The Pocono Record is the newspaper for the Poconos. Its coverage area centers on Stroudsburg and East Stroudsburg and covers parts of Monroe, Pike, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Wayne and Carbon counties as well as areas of western New Jersey.
The Times News, of Lehighton, covers Carbon, Schuylkill, and Monroe counties, and also portions of northern Lehigh and Northampton counties.
West End Happenings covers events in the West End of Monroe County.
The Morning Call, of Allentown, is distributed to a sizeable portion of the region, especially southern Carbon, southern Monroe, and southeastern Schuylkill counties, though its coverage is mostly centered on the neighboring Lehigh Valley. A similar situation occurs with the Times-Tribune of the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre area and northern Monroe, northern Carbon, and Luzerne counties.
The Standard-Speaker, of Hazleton, covers parts of Luzerne, Carbon, Monroe, and Schuylkill counties.
Blue Mountain Moments is a monthly publication covering the Route 903 corridor from Blakeslee to Jim Thorpe.
Radio
WESS at (90.3 FM) broadcasts from the Borough of East Stroudsburg as a service of East Stroudsburg University. Students and faculty of the university provide programing often, and the station rebroadcasts BBC World Service when live DJs are not available.
WKRZ (98.5 FM/107.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a contemporary hits radio format. The station's call letters are WKRF-FM and is licensed to Tobyhanna and simulcasts WKRZ-FM (98.5 FM from Wilkes Barre) on 107.9 FM.
WPCO (840 AM; "Poco 103.1") is licensed to Stroudsburg. The station's slogan is "The Poconos' Greatest Hits"; they primarily play music from the 1960s to the 1990s.
WVPO "Bigfoot Country 96.7" is licensed to Lehman Township in Pike County. The station plays country music.
WSBG (93.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format. Licensed to Stroudsburg, the station serves the Pocono area with the slogan "The Poconos' Best Variety".
References
External links
Official website
Allegheny Plateau
Landforms of Carbon County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Monroe County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Pike County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
Landforms of Wayne County, Pennsylvania
Mountain ranges of Pennsylvania
Regions of Pennsylvania
Subranges of the Appalachian Mountains |
The Walla Walla Council (1855) was a meeting in the Pacific Northwest between the United States and sovereign tribal nations of the Cayuse, Nez Perce, Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Yakama. The council occurred on May 29 – June 11; the treaties signed at this council on June 9 were ratified by the U.S. Senate four years later in 1859.
These treaties codified the constitutional relationship between the people living on the Nez Perce, Umatilla, and Yakama reservations; it was one of the earliest treaties obtained in the Pacific Northwest.
Washington Territory's first governor Isaac I. Stevens secured this treaty, allowing larger portions of the land to be given to the two largest and most powerful tribes: Yakama and Nez Perce; these reservations encompassed most of their traditional hunting grounds. The smaller tribes moved to the smaller of the three reservations. Stevens was able to acquire of land.
See also
Yakima War (1855–58)
Palouse War (1858)
Nez Perce War (1877)
Notes
External links
Stevens Treaty Council of 1855 centennial records at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College.
United States and Native American treaties
History of Washington (state)
1855 treaties
1859 treaties
1855 conferences |
Marcus Chown (born 1959) is a science writer, journalist and broadcaster, currently cosmology consultant for New Scientist magazine.
Biography
He graduated from the Queen Mary University of London in 1980 with a Bachelor of Science in physics (first class). In 1982 he graduated from the California Institute of Technology with a Master of Science in astrophysics. Chown studied under Richard Feynman at the California Institute of Technology.
His books on astronomy and physics are aimed primarily at the popular market, including Quantum Theory Cannot Hurt You, for which he was praised for "expressing opaque concepts with a unique clarity".
Bibliography
Double Planet (with John Gribbin) (novel) Victor Gollancz (1988)
Reunion (with John Gribbin) (novel) Gollancz (1991)
Afterglow of Creation: From the fireball to the discovery of cosmic ripples (1993)
The Ascent of Gravity: The Quest to Understand the Force that explains everything(2017)
The Magic Furnace: The quest for the origin of atoms (1999)
The Universe Next Door: Twelve Mind-Blowing Ideas from the Cutting Edge of Science (2001)
The Never-Ending Days of Being Dead: Dispatches from the Front Line of Science (2007)
Quantum Theory Cannot Hurt You: A Guide to the Universe (2007) (published in U.S. as The Quantum Zoo: A Tourist's Guide to the Neverending Universe. (2005))
Felicity Frobisher and the Three-Headed Aldebaran Dust Devil (2008)
We Need to Talk About Kelvin (2009) (published in the U.S. as The Matchbox That Ate A Forty-Ton Truck.)
Solar System for iPad (2010) (a book app)
Solar System: A Visual Exploration of All the Planets, Moons and Other Heavenly Bodies that Orbit Our Sun (2011)
Tweeting the Universe: Tiny Explanations of Very Big Ideas (2011) (with Govert Schilling)
What a Wonderful World: One Man's Attempt to Explain the Big Stuff (2013)
Infinity in the palm of your hand: fifty wonders that reveal an extraordinary universe (2018)
The One Thing You Need to Know: The Simple Way to Understand the Most Important Ideas in Science (Feb 2023)
References
External links
Marcus Chown's website
VIDEO: Marcus Chown at the Sydney Writers' Festival on ABC Fora
British science journalists
Living people
1959 births
Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
California Institute of Technology alumni
Physics education in the United Kingdom |
Bucknor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
C. B. Bucknor (born 1962), Jamaican basketball umpire
Funke Bucknor-Obruthe (born 1976), Nigerian businessman and lawyer
Jermaine Bucknor (born 1983), Canadian basketball player
Kofi Bucknor (1953–2017), Ghanaian actor
Kofoworola Bucknor (born 1939), Nigerian politician
Matt Bucknor (born 1985), Canadian football player
Richard Bucknor (born 1966), Jamaican hurdler
Sean Bucknor (born 1984), American-born Jamaican footballer
Segun Bucknor (1946–2017), Nigerian musician
Steve Bucknor (born 1946), Jamaican cricket umpire
Tosyn Bucknor (1981–2018), Nigerian actress |
Object-oriented analysis, an alternate name for the
Shlaer–Mellor method or Object-Oriented Analysis, an object-oriented software development methodology introduced by Sally Shlaer and Stephen Mellor
Object-oriented analysis and design, a popular technical approach for analyzing and designing software systems by applying the object-oriented paradigm |
"They Say It's Gonna Rain" is a song co-written (with George Sanders) and sung by British female artist Kerry Delius. She released the song as a single in 1984 and while it failed to chart, it became an underground club hit. The song achieved a bigger popularity when it was covered by Hazell Dean the following year. A Zulu chant is featured in the intro which is repeated throughout the song.
Hazell Dean version
British Hi-NRG singer Hazell Dean covered the song and released it as a single in September 1985. Having scored two top 10 singles in 1984 with an independent dance label, Dean was offered to sign major label EMI Records in 1985, and this single marked her first release with them.
Dean's version was produced by Stock Aitken & Waterman, with whom Dean had recorded most of her debut album. She changed some parts of the lyrics, most notably, she substituted the line on the chorus though you can break my heart with they say it's gonna rain; the title of the song not being present on the chorus on Delius' version but was instead ad-libbed over the chorus at the end of the song. The song was also reworked at a faster tempo than the original.
Two main mixes were commissioned for the song, the Zulu Mix and the Indian Summer Mix. Dean favored the former and it's the one she used on her live performances. The Zulu Mix of "They Say It's Gonna Rain" was included on Dean's second album, Always, which was released three years after the single, in 1988. In 2012, both mixes, as well as the 7" version and the single's b-side "Can't Get You Out Of My Mind" were included on a reissue of the album.
Dean released an updated version with re-recorded vocals and new mixes as a digital single on 14 February 2011.
Music video
The song was Dean's debut videoclip for a single. Shot on location in Malta, the video depicts Dean reminiscing a love affair in the island while on the way for a TV performance.
Release and reception
Released in October 1985 in the United Kingdom, the single only managed to chart at number 58 on the UK Singles Chart. Internationally, the song fared better, becoming a number-one hit on the South African Springbok Radio chart (eventually attaining the number-11 spot on that country's 1986 year-end chart) and peaking at number 6 in both Norway and Sweden.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
1984 singles
1984 songs
1985 singles
2011 singles
EMI Records singles
Hazell Dean songs
Number-one singles in South Africa
Song recordings produced by Stock Aitken Waterman |
Diane Carol "Dee Dee" Sherbloom (September 21, 1942 – February 15, 1961) was an American figure skater who competed in ice dance. Previously paired with Roger Campbell, she had no intentions of competing at the 1961 United States Figure Skating Championships until she met her partner Larry Pierce. Pierce's previous partner, Marilyn Meeker, suffered an injury shortly before the championships that made her unable to compete, and Pierce persuaded Sherbloom to join him. The newly formed pair went on to win the gold medal at Nationals and followed that up with a fourth-place finish at the North American Figure Skating Championships.
Pierce and Sherbloom were en route to the World Championships in 1961 when their plane (Sabena Flight 548) crashed near Brussels, Belgium, killing all on board. She was 18 at the time of her death and was buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California.
Results
(with Larry Pierce)
References
U.S. Figure Skating biography
Remembering Flight 548: Shattered dreams
American female ice dancers
1942 births
1961 deaths
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Belgium
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1961
20th-century American women
20th-century American people |
Acqua Santa Maria is the main brand of the company Sicil Acque Minerali, Si.A.M. srl that is a company with registered office in Ragusa and operational headquarters Modica in Sicily, which since 1992 manages the extraction and bottling of mineral waters.
Company
SI.A.M. SRL, was established in 1992, has its registered office in Ragusa and its operational headquarters in Modica. The company owns a mining concession called Santa Maria Zappulla, in the municipality of Modica and has 3 active wells, indeed the product is sold under 3 different brands.
The structure is 8,000 square meters. A large area, in which water is extracted, surrounds the entire factory.
Springs and history
The waters flow from sources in the extreme southeast of Sicily in a large, fertile limestone high plain of tectonic origin in the Hyblaean Mountains zone (in the Modica area) and together with another stream (San Francesco) they form the Mothicanus torrent.
The Modicane springs have been exploited since ancient times. Along these waterways, man has built kitchen garden and basins for collecting water that date back to the Arab domination that in Modica began in 844-845.
The Mothicanus torrent joins the San Liberale stream giving life to the Fiumara di Modica that flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Along the Motycanus torrent, between the cities of Scicli and Modica, caves and tombs have been found that attest to the human presence at these waterways already between the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age (around 900s BC).
The contrada that houses the springs and the headquarters of the company is called "Santa Maria Zappulla".
Holding labels
Santa Maria
Ruscella
Roverella
Distribution
Mineral waters from Si.A.M. are sold primarily in Sicily, in the neighbors Calabria and Malta but also in the rest of Italy.
References
Bottled water brands
Mineral water
Companies based in Sicily
Drink companies of Italy
Companies in the Free municipal consortium of Ragusa
Modica |
Zanclognatha zelleralis, the dusky fan-foot, is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It was described by Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke in 1850. It is found in central and southern Europe.
Technical description and variation
as Z. tarsicristalis H.-Sch. [synonym] Forewing greyer, less purple, than tarsiplumalis the subterminal better marked, bordered with dark on both sides; the outer line more dentate; the cell lunule ocellate; the ab. zelleralis Wocke [synonym] from Silesia, has narrower wings with fainter markings. Larva greyish yellow, finely dusted with dark ; dorsal line reddish, swollen laterally at the hinder edge of the segments; the reddish subdorsal shewing on the front halves of each segment; the colour varies from grey to brown with the green of the inside showing through.
The wingspan is .
Biology
The moth flies from June to July depending on the location.
The larvae feed on fallen leaves.
References
External links
"08857 Zanclognatha zelleralis (Wocke, 1850) - Felsflur-Spannereule". Lepiforum e.V. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
zelleralis
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke
Moths described in 1850 |
Lincoln Municipal Airport is a public use airport located in Lincoln, a city in Benton County, Missouri, United States. It is owned by the City of Lincoln.
Facilities and aircraft
Lincoln Municipal Airport covers an area of 17 acres (7 ha) at an elevation of 940 feet (287 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with a turf surface measuring 2,940 by 125 feet (896 x 38 m).
For the 12-month period ending July 1, 2010, the airport had 1,660 aircraft operations, an average of 138 per month: 96% general aviation and 4% military. At that time there were six single-engine aircraft based at this airport.
See also
List of airports in Missouri
References
External links
Lincoln Municipal Airport at Missouri DOT airport directory
Aerial image as of March 1996 from USGS The National Map
Airports in Missouri
Buildings and structures in Benton County, Missouri
Transportation in Benton County, Missouri |
Triad (German: Dreiklang) is a 1938 German drama film directed by Hans Hinrich and starring Lil Dagover, Paul Hartmann and Rolf Moebius.
It was shot at the Babelsberg Studios with sets designed by the art directors Wilhelm Depenau and Ludwig Reiber.
Cast
References
Bibliography
Hake, Sabine. Popular Cinema of the Third Reich. University of Texas Press, 2001.
External links
1938 films
Films of Nazi Germany
German drama films
1938 drama films
1930s German-language films
Films directed by Hans Hinrich
German black-and-white films
UFA GmbH films
1930s German films |
Time and Again may refer to:
Literature
Time and Again (Finney novel), a novel by Jack Finney
"Time and Again" (short story), a 1977 short story by Breece D'J Pancake
Time and Again, a Korean series by JiUn Yun, serialized in Yen Plus
Time and Again (Simak novel), a novel by Clifford D. Simak
Other media
Time and Again (TV series), an American retrospective series
"Time and Again" (Star Trek: Voyager), an episode of the TV series Star Trek: Voyager
"Time and Again" (Ms. Marvel), a 2022 episode of the TV series Ms. Marvel
"Time and Again", a song by a-ha from Lifelines
Time and Again (Kim Boyce album), 1988
Time and Again (Mulgrew Miller album), 1991
See also
Time Again (disambiguation)
Time and Time Again (disambiguation) |
Acanthogorgiidae is a family of cnidarians belonging to the order Alcyonacea.
Genera:
Acanthogorgia Gray, 1857
Anthogorgia Verrill, 1868
Ascolepis
Calcigorgia Broch, 1935
Calicogorgia Thomson & Henderson, 1906
Callicigorgia
Cyclomuricea Nutting, 1908
Muricella Verrill, 1868
Versluysia Nutting, 1910
References
Holaxonia
Cnidarian families |
David Cedric Yannick Evina-Si (born 16 November 1991) is a Cameroonian professional footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder.
Club career
Arsenal
As a nine-year-old playing district football in Barnet, Evina was invited by Liam Brady's scouting team for a trial. He then signed up and made his way up through the club's youth teams. He signed professional terms with the club in August 2009 and then followed this up with captaining the club's 2009–10 FA Youth Cup side, as well being a key part of the FA Premier Academy League winning team. He also played 11 times for the Reserves.
On 5 October 2010, he joined Oldham Athletic on loan until 4 January 2011. He made his Football League debut on 9 October 2010 in a League One match against Brentford. He scored his first ever professional goal against Rochdale on 27 November 2010.
Oldham Athletic
On 28 January 2011, Evina was signed on a free transfer by Paul Dickov after being released from Arsenal and impressing on his loan. Evina's first goal after signing came in a 4–0 win against Hartlepool United with a strike in the top right hand corner. Evina went on to make a further 14 appearances for Oldham, predominantly occupying the left-back spot and occasionally left-wing. His impressive performances during the season earned Evina Oldham's Young Player of the Year award. At the end of the 2010–11 season he was offered a new contract by Oldham. On 9 June it was confirmed by the club that Evina had rejected a new contract due to personal reasons. Evina stated in an interview with the club that "Manchester is a long way from home and I decided I wanted to be closer to my family", and went on to state it was nothing to do with the club or the monetary contract.
Charlton Athletic
Evina signed a two-year contract at Charlton Athletic in June 2011.
He found first team opportunities limited at Charlton in the 2011–12 season and made only one start for the club. Following an injury to regular left-back Rhoys Wiggins against Crystal Palace at the start of the 2012–13 season, Evina was subsequently handed a run of games in the side. However, he too picked up an injury which left him out of the side for almost two months. With Wiggins still sidelined, Evina returned to the fold and impressed the fans with some solid performances. On 19 July 2013, Evina signed a new one-year deal. On 22 May 2014, he was released from Charlton Athletic.
Doncaster Rovers
Evina signed for Doncaster Rovers on 30 July 2014 on a two-year contract.
On 12 December 2015, Evina signed a new two and a half-year contract which will see him remain at Keepmoat Stadium until the summer of 2018.
On 30 June 2017, Evina joined League Two side Crawley Town on a season-long loan.
Notts County
On 14 September 2018, Evina signed for Notts County.
He was released by Notts County at the end of the 2018–19 season.
Romford
On 15 January 2020, Evina signed for Romford. However, after a couple of training sessions with Romford in January, he decided it wasn’t for him and extended his hiatus to work on projects outside of football.
International career
Evina is eligible to play for three countries, Cameroon, where he was born, France, where he grew up and England, where he has lived for several years. He was named in the provisional squad for France's Under-20 team for the 2011 Toulon Tournament, however he did not make the final cut and was not chosen for the final squad.
Career statistics
Honours
Oldham Athletic Young Player of the Year Award: 2011
References
External links
Arsenal profile
1991 births
Living people
Cameroonian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Arsenal F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
English Football League players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Romford F.C. players |
Suringda () is a large freshwater lake in Evenkiysky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. It has an area of and a maximum depth of .
There are no permanent settlements on the shores of lake Suringda. The nearest inhabited place is Ekonda, located to the NNE of the northern end of the lake.
Geography
Lake Suringda belongs to the basin of the Vilyuy river and lies to the south of the upper reaches of the Vilyuy. It is the largest lake in an elevated plain of the Vilyuy Plateau, part of the Central Siberian Plateau. To the south and west rises the Ustul Suringdauren (Устул Сурингдаурен), a range of moderate altitude with a maximum height of . To the north and east there is flatland dotted with numerous small lakes. The lake has a roughly hourglass shape and is oriented from NW to SE. A landspit in the middle section divides the lake into two parts. The southern part has a more indented coast and many islands.
The lake freezes between mid October and late May.
See also
List of lakes of Russia
References
External links
The Acquisition of Shamanistic Ability among the Evenki (Tungus)
Озеро Сурингда, Эвенкийский район, Красноярский край
оз. Сурингда - YouTube
Lakes of Krasnoyarsk Krai
Central Siberian Plateau |
Dolly James is a British singer-songwriter and session singer. She released several singles in the 1990s and toured internationally with such acts as Simply Red and James Taylor Quartet.
Biography
Born in Brunei, she began her career singing in local cover bands and being part of a church choir. In her late teens, she performed at the Mandarin Hotel in Singapore before leaving for the United Kingdom. She worked with cabaret bands in Wales and in the West Midlands and later as a session singer in London before pursuing her solo career.
She started writing and recording with various musicians and eventually was signed to Sony Music Publishing. During that time, she also worked as a backing vocalist in Yugoslavia, Norway and most of Europe for Dance with a Stranger, and later Simply Red, on the New Flame tour, in the Far East, Europe and the United States. She also appeared with Simply Red on the David Letterman show and numerous other US television programmes. She was later signed to Rondor and A&M Records. She also worked as a backing singer for Belinda Carlisle and Michael Bolton, making numerous UK television appearances.
In 1990, she released a 7-inch single with Andy Sheppard, entitled Bright Moments, which she performed on Jools Holland's show.
She formed her own band soon after she finished her world tour with Simply Red and won second place in the Yamaha International Musicians at the Marquee in London. Her band also performed at Womad and went on to do a residency at Ronnie Scott's in Birmingham.
She later released a white label single, Emotions, as well as numerous live and television performances with Drizabone. In 1992 she released a 12-inch single entitled Shine Your Light, produced by Ian Lodge. In 2006 she released her first solo album, The Journey, which was produced by Dan Bull and released on her own Soular UK label.
Discography
Singles
Shine Your Light (1992)
Emotions
Andy Sheppard Feat. Dolly James – Bright Moments (1990)
Studio albums
The Journey (2006)
Guest appearances
Mike Oldfield – Heaven's Open (LP) (1991)
Matt Bianco – Another Time Another Place (Single) (1994)
References
Birmingham Music profile
British women singers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
The 2012 South Carolina Gamecocks football team represented the University of South Carolina in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Gamecocks were led by eighth-year head coach Steve Spurrier and played their home games at Williams-Brice Stadium. They were a member of the East Division of the Southeastern Conference. The season finished with 11–2, 6–2 in SEC to finish in third place in the East Division. They climbed as high as No. 3 in the AP Poll – this was their highest ranking since 1984, and it has not been matched since then. They were invited to the Outback Bowl, where the Gamecocks defeated Michigan 33–28 by a game-winning TD with 11 seconds remaining in the game.
Preseason
On April 14, 2012, the Black squad defeated the Garnet squad, 38–24, in the annual Garnet & Black Spring Game, in front of a crowd of 34,513. Quarterback Connor Shaw finished the day 6–7 for 128 yards and two touchdowns for the Black team, while Garnet QB Dylan Thompson was 15–20 for 168 yards and a rushing touchdown.
Schedule
The October 6 game against Georgia played host to ESPN's College GameDay, the school's sixth time hosting the popular ESPN show.
‡ New Williams–Brice Stadium Attendance Record
Game summaries
Vanderbilt
East Carolina
UAB
Missouri
Kentucky
Georgia
LSU
Florida
Tennessee
Arkansas
Wofford
Clemson
Michigan
Players
Depth chart
Projected starters and primary backups versus Clemson on November 24, 2012.
Awards
Jadeveon Clowney – SEC Defensive Lineman of the Week, 9/17/12; SEC Defensive Lineman of the Week, 10/1/12; SEC Defensive Lineman and Co-Defensive Player of the Week, 11/26/12
T.J. Johnson - SEC Offensive Lineman of the Week, 10/8/12
Marcus Lattimore – SEC Offensive Player of the Week, 9/3/12
Ace Sanders - SEC Co-Special Teams Player of the Week, 9/24/12, SEC Co-Special Teams Player of the Week, 10/8/12
Connor Shaw - SEC Co-Offensive Player of the Week, 9/24/12, SEC Offensive Player of the Week, 10/29/12
D. J. Swearinger - Walter Camp National Defensive Player of the Week, 11/11/12
Rankings
Coaching staff
Steve Spurrier – Head coach
Lorenzo Ward – Defensive coordinator
Kirk Botkin - Linebackers, spurs coach
Grady Brown - Secondary coach, assistant special teams coordinator
Shawn Elliott – Co-offensive coordinator, offensive line coach
Brad Lawing – Defensive line coach
G.A. Mangus – Quarterbacks coach
Joe Robinson - Special teams coordinator, tight ends coach
Everette Sands - Running backs coach
Steve Spurrier Jr. – Recruiting coordinator, wide receivers coach
References
South Carolina
South Carolina Gamecocks football seasons
ReliaQuest Bowl champion seasons
South Carolina Gamecocks football |
Rustam Gasparyan (; 11 April 1961 – 17 October 2020) was an Armenian military officer and politician. In 2020 he was posthumously awarded the Hero of Artsakh military award.
Biography
He was born on 11 April 1961 in Janfida village of Armavir Province. In 1996 he graduated from “Ararat” University of Armavir with a degree in law. In 1979 – 1981 he served in the Soviet Army. From 1989 he took part in the Artsakh freedom fighting. In 1994-2000 he served in the army of Armenia, occupying different commanding posts. On May 12, 2007 he was elected as a deputy of the National Assembly from the electoral district # 12. In 2017 he left politics and Prosperous Armenia party.
In 2020 Rustam Gasparyan's car was hit by an UAV used by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, as a result of which his 29-year-old son died on the spot, and Rustam Gasparyan received multiple wounds to the head. On October 16, Rustam Gasparyan was operated in Stepanakert, then transferred to Goris MC, then to Erebuni MC. On October 17, it was reported that Rustam Gasparyan had died.
Awards and honours
He was awarded the "Courage" Medal of Armenia, the "Courage" Medal of the Republic of Artsakh, as well as numerous Commemorative Medals of the Ministry of Defence of Armenia and Yerkrapah Voluntary Union. On 14 September 2011, he was awarded the Mkhitar Gosh Medal. On 25 December 2020, he was posthumously awarded the Hero of Artsakh, the highest title of the Republic of Artsakh, was awarded as well the "Golden Eagle" order. The mayor of Armavir city posthumously awarded Rustam Gasparyan with the title of Honorable Resident of Armavir.
Personal life
He was married and had two children.
References
Heroes of Artsakh
Armenian military personnel of the Nagorno-Karabakh War
Armenian military personnel of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
People killed in the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
Deaths by drone strikes |
The Utah Court of Appeals is the intermediate-level appellate court for the state of Utah. It began operations in 1987.
Jurisdiction
The court's jurisdiction is complementary to that of the Utah Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals hears all appeals from the Juvenile and District Courts, except those from the small claims department of a District Court. It also determines appeals from District Court involving domestic relations cases, including divorce, annulment, division of property (Utah is an "equitable distribution" state), child custody, child support, visitation, adoption and paternity, and some criminal matters (those that are not first degree felonies or capital cases). The Court also hears appeals from administrative proceedings by state agencies including the Utah Industrial Commission and the Department of Employment Security Career Service Review Board. It also hears cases transferred to it by the Supreme Court.
Procedure
The panels hear oral arguments in cases during the second, third, and fourth week of the month. After hearing arguments, the judges confer together to discuss the issues raised in the case. One of the judges on the panel is assigned to write the opinion of the court. In addition to its oral argument panels, the court designates three judges to sit on the law and motion panel. This panel determines procedural and substantive motions and hears cases on one day per month.
Judges
The court consists of seven judges who serve six-year renewable terms. A presiding judge is elected by majority vote to serve for two years. Court of Appeals sessions usually are conducted in Salt Lake City, but the court travels several times per year, holding court in different geographical regions of the state. The court sits and renders judgment in rotating panels of three judges. It is prohibited by statute from sitting en banc (all seven members at once).
The current judges on the court are:
References
External links
Utah state courts
State appellate courts of the United States
1987 establishments in Utah
Courts and tribunals established in 1987 |
The name Onyok has been used in the Philippines by PAGASA in the Western Pacific.
Typhoon Dujuan (2003) (T0313, 14W, Onyok) – hit near Hong Kong.
Typhoon Roke (2011) (T1115, 18W, Onyok) - affected Japan
Tropical Depression 29W (2015) (29W, Onyok) - a weak tropical cyclone that caused only minimal damages in the Philippines
Typhoon Mitag (2019) (T1819, 19W, Onyok) - a moderately strong typhoon that severely affected Taiwan, East China and South Korea
Pacific typhoon set index articles |
The Brico Cross Trophy 2016–17 is a season long cyclo-cross competition in Belgium.
Calendar
Men's competition
Women's competition
References
2016 in cyclo-cross
2017 in cyclo-cross |
The Best of Sword is a compilation album by the Canadian metal band Sword, released in 2006 by Aquarius Records.
Track listing
"Stoned Again"
"F.T.W."
"Until Death Do Us Part"
"Outta Control"
"Runaway"
"Land of the Brave"
"Children of Heaven"
"Prepare to Die"
"State of Shock"
"Evil Spell"
"The Threat"
"Sweet Dreams"
"Get It While You Can" (Reissue only)
"Leather Lust" (Reissue only)
If You Want It" (Reissue only)
References
2006 compilation albums
Sword (band) albums
Aquarius Records (Canada) compilation albums |
Wood Boulden, also known as Wood Bouldin, (January 20, 1811 – October 10, 1876) was a Virginia lawyer, plantation owner and politician. He served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1872 to 1876.
Early and family life
Born in Charlotte County, Virginia to the former Ann Lewis and her husband, Congressman Thomas Bouldin(1781-1834), he was named for his grandfather Wood Bouldin, who had married Joanna, the aunt of U.S. President John Tyler. Thus among the First Families of Virginia even in his early youth, Bouldin was sent to Richmond to receive a private education from Mr. Turner. He then was sent to Bedford County, Virginia to attend the New London Academy conducted by Rev. Nicholas H. Cobbs, later the bishop of Alabama. After teaching school for a year, Bouldin moved to Halifax County, Virginia and studied law under William Leigh.
He married Maria Louisa Barksdale on December 22, 1837 in Charlotte County, and they had a son, Wood Bouldin (1838-1911). After her death he married Martha Baldwin Daniel (1819-), sister of judge William Daniel of Lynchburg, who would bear daughters Elvina, Martha, Ann, Alice and Virginia, as well as sons Charles Ellett, Briscoe Baldwin and Frank Deane Bouldin.
Career
After admission to the Virginia Bar, Bouldin moved to Charlotte Courthouse to begin practice, but discovered the estate of his father was greatly embarrassed. In 1840, his household of four white males (including his brothers William and Thomas and one boy) also included 13 slaves. Seeking a larger practice, Bouldin moved to Richmond in 1842 and entered a law partnership with Robert Stanard, who soon became a Judge of the Court of Appeals.
In 1853 Bouldin purchased a plantation on Staunton River formerly owned by John Randolph of Roanoke as well as practiced law in Charlotte, Halifax and Mecklenburg Counties. By 1860, Bouldin owned more than 69 enslaved people in Charlotte County.
American Civil War
Elected to the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, Boulden favored secession on the second vote, which resolution passed. His son Wood Bouldin, a recent University of Virginia graduate, would suspend their legal partnership in order to become a Confederate artillery lieutenant with the Staunton Hill artillery throughout the war.
During the Civil War, Charlotte County voters elected Boulden to the Virginia House of Delegates, and he served in that part-time position throughout the war.
Pardoned by U.S. President Andrew Johnson, Bouldin failed to win election to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, losing to freed slave Joseph R. Holmes. Bouldin was present to hear the decision of the Virginia Supreme Court concerning the contested Richmond, Virginia mayoral election of 1870 when the overcrowded balcony collapsed and killed several men and injured many more. Severely shocked but sustaining no serious injury, Bouldin took a short rest.
In 1872, Virginia legislators elected Bouldin to fill a vacant seat on the Court of Appeals but his judicial career was relatively short as he died on October 10, 1876.
Death and legacy
Bouldin died on his plantation and was buried there. His son of the same name (1838-1911) became active in the state Democratic party and was elected and re-elected Commonwealth's attorney for Halifax County. He would represent it at the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902, and play a key role in disenfranchising African Americans.
References
Justices of the Supreme Court of Virginia
Virginia lawyers
1811 births
1876 deaths
People from Charlotte County, Virginia
Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
19th-century American lawyers
19th-century American judges
19th-century American politicians |
José Daniel Ferrer García (Palma Soriano, July 29, 1970) is a Cuban human rights activist, whom the international and Spanish media claim to be "the visible head of the dissident movement in the interior of the island since the death of Oswaldo Payá, in July 2012”.
As a member of the Christian Liberation Movement (MCL) in 2003, he was the oriental leader for collecting signatures among the Varela Project, in which 25,000 signatories petitioned the Cuban government to guarantee freedom of speech and freedom of assembly as well as institute a multi-party democracy. José Daniel got in prison in 2003 for his participation as a leader of the Varela Project, sentenced to 25 years. In prison from 2003 to 2011, he was declared a prisoner of conscience for the Black Spring of Cuba by Amnesty International.
Son of Daniel Ferrer and Amelia García, he has three children with his ex-wife Belkis Cantillo Ramírez: Martha Beatriz, José Daniel, Fátima Victoria.
He is the founder of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU), which is an umbrella group that has hosted since 2011 many Cuban dissident organizations, a union that was extended with the merger of the Guillermo Fariñas organization in 2013, which was absorbed by UNPACU.
José Daniel Ferrer García was appointed in February 2013 Executive Secretary of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU) by all members of the UNPACU and still remains as Executive Secretary.
However, years later, following the announcement of the reestablishment of Diplomatic relations between the Governments of the United States of America and Cuba, some organizations decided to separate in friendly terms and each return to their original organization, and so Jose Daniel Ferrer resumed in front of UNPACU, while between December 2014 and January 2015, Guillermo Farinas and Felix Navarro and their respective organizations left UNPACU.
Within the opposition to the Cuban government is characterized by its willingness, through the creation of sufficient "social mass" that "through non-violent struggle forces the government to sit at the negotiating table”, to achieve an "equal to equal and serious" dialogue in order to achieve the so-called "national reconciliation" and avoid any kind of "fraticide".
2003 arrest
Ferrer was detained during the subsequent Black Spring crackdown of March 2003 and sentenced to 25 years' imprisonment for being one of the main promoters of the Varela Project. His brother Luis Enrique Ferrer García, also an MCL activist by then, was sentenced to 28 years. In May 2003, José Daniel began a hunger strike after he was allegedly refused medical treatment for an intestinal issue. He was also subjected to punishment cells for refusing to stand in the presence of military or prison guards. The prison cells are reportedly and habitually below the international standard and the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.
Amnesty International declared both Ferrer brothers to be prisoners of conscience. US President Barack Obama called for Ferrer's release in 2009, urging the Cuban government to allow him to "fully participate in a democratic future in Cuba."
Ferrer remained in prison until 2011. He and Félix Navarro Rodríguez were released on 23 March 2011 as part of an agreement between the Cuban government and the Catholic Church. They were the last two prisoners of the Black Spring to be released. Ferrer refused the option to emigrate to Spain, stating, "I want to see a free people, and the best place to fight is here inside."
Jail release
José Daniel Ferrer received, like the rest of the prisoners of the Group called “the 75” (“Grupo de los 75”), the option of being released in exchange for leaving Cuba to Spain, due to the pressure of the international public opinion after the death in the prison of the political prisoner Orlando Zapata Tamayo, on February 23, 2010, and the following hunger strike of Guillermo Fariñas, who demanded that the Cuban government release the sick political prisoners.
But José Daniel was one of the 12 prisoners of conscience who assumed his sentence, and refused to be forced to leave Cuba for being released, and in 2011 he still remained in prison along with very few colleagues of the 75, being finally released by the Cuban government along with Félix Navarro Rodríguez, the last two prisoners of conscience of the Group of the 75 in prison, on March 22, 2011.
On August 24, 2011, already released from jail, and in Cuba, he created the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU).
Ferrer was detained again in April 2012 for "public disorder", and again for two days in August 2012 for his work with Unión Patriótica de Cuba (UNPACU). Amnesty International described the arrests as part of "a pattern of harassment by the Cuban authorities against UNPACU members and other political dissidents."
During the period of growth of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU), and among numerous detentions of José Daniel Ferrer that were considered political by several reputed human rights organizations, the Patriotic Union of Cuba, on February 27, 2013, communicates the absorption of the peaceful dissident organization FANTU, one of the less numerous in the island but most notorious outside Cuba, led by then by Guillermo Fariñas, and also a multitude of other opposition organizations within the island through the integration of many of its most notorious leaders, including 8 of the 12 prisoners of conscience of the Group of 75 who decided to remain in Cuba. In the process of merging FANTU and UNPACU, Jose Daniel Ferrer and Guillermo Fariñas promulgated in a press note that the head of the new organization should be collegiate, stating "that their leadership will be collegially as a practical way to combat chieftainship".
José Daniel Ferrer García was appointed in February 2013 Executive Secretary of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU) by all members of the UNPACU and still remains as Executive Secretary.
Travel discrimination
Since his release from prison, José Daniel Ferrer has been refused by the Cuban Government, until only once in 2016, to travel abroad, under his condition of having an extrapenal license, despite the fact that other opposition personalities have been able to do so and that the government has informed that anyone with Cuban passport could travel outside the island, since in mid-October 2012 the decree amending the immigration law in Cuba, which previously made it difficult to travel outside the island, was made official.
Repression
José Daniel Ferrer's himself and his relatives, including his wife and children, as well as other members of the Cuban Patriotic Union have received the support of Amnesty International and the World Organization against Torture on when arrested, robbed of their homes and retained in an unknown location after police detentions. The international pressure of several human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International and others, has on every occasion resulted in the release of José Daniel Ferrer.
Identified as a relevant personality of Cuban dissidence, having unified several organizations inside the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU), and identified this as the most active dissident organization throughout the island, both José Daniel Ferrer and the activists of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU) have been threatened with imprisonment if they do not cease their political activism.
Recognition
In 2009, Ferrer and fellow Cuban dissidents Librado Linares García, Iván Hernández Carrillo, Jorge Luis García Pérez, and Iris Pérez Aguilera were jointly awarded the Democracy Award of the US National Endowment for Democracy. Ferrer was unable to attend, as he was still in prison.
In 2011, he received the XIII International Award on Human Rights of the Cuban-Hispanic Foundation, in Madrid.
Spanish and Latin-american media claim him to be "the visible head of the dissident movement in the interior of the island since the death of Oswaldo Payá, in July 2012”.
Personal life
Ferrer's wife, Cantillo Belkis Ramirez, is a member of the Ladies in White, a group of wives of political prisoners protesting every Sunday for their release. She was herself detained for 48 hours in March 2012.
References
External links
Official Page of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU)
Official YouTube Page of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU)
Official Facebook Page of the Patriotic Union of Cuba (UNPACU)
Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)
1970 births
Living people
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Cuba
Cuban dissidents
Cuban prisoners and detainees
Hunger strikers
People from Santiago de Cuba |
Dead Time: Kala (also known as Kala, Dead Time, or The Secret) is a 2007 Indonesian neo-noir thriller film written and directed by Joko Anwar. The film stars an ensemble cast led by Fachri Albar, Ario Bayu, Shanty, and Fahrani.
At the 27th Citra Awards, the film won 3 out of its 7 nominations. Sight & Sound selected the film as one of the best films of 2007 and named Anwar one of the smartest filmmakers in Asia.
Plot
Police officers Eros and Hendro are investigating a case where five men were burned alive by a mob. Meanwhile, narcoleptic journalist Janus hides a tape recorder to interview the pregnant wife of one of the victims, Asih, whom he later witnesses walking into traffic and dies. At dinner with his friend Soebandi, Janus plays back the tape, where Asih declares unprompted in Javanese, "It is on Bendonowongso Hill, in front of the Seven Stair Temple". Soebandi gets stalked by a white-skinned creature and mutilated. Janus is taken in for questioning by Eros and Resort Chief Bambang.
Janus learns that Asih, her husband, and her father Ronggoweni, died within the week, leaving only Asih's sister Ranti, who tells him that if he reveals Asih's message, then either he or the person who hears it must die. Janus gets kidnapped by the Minister of Tourism and Culture, Haryo Wibowo, who, after inquiring where "the place" is, immolates him. Meanwhile, Eros learns that the mob attacked the five men after hearing a woman accuse them of being thieves. Hendro reveals to Eros that Ronggoweni was an adjutant to the First President, who was fabled to have hidden glorious treasure. The white-skinned creature tells Eros to "accept [his] destiny".
Waking up unscathed, Janus goes home and finds his wife Sari, who expresses remorse over their divorcing. After Janus tells her everything, Sari delivers Asih's message to Haryo, who kills her after being told Janus is dead. Haryo learns that Janus is still alive, gets stalked by the white-skinned creature, and beheaded offscreen. Janus attempts suicide but is rescued by the creature, who is revealed to have been keeping him from harm. He gets kidnapped by Bambang's men as Eros and Hendro find Ranti, who confesses that Ronggoweni was the secret keeper of the location of the First President's treasure. Since only one person can know, he killed himself after his son-in-law forced him to reveal it. His son-in-law told Asih and four friends, forcing Ranti to get the men lynched to protect her pregnant sister. Eros tracks down Bambang while Hendro takes Ranti to the library, suspecting a connection to the prophecy of the Kediri King Jayabaya, who foretold the rise of a messianic Ratu Adil.
Hendro learns that the treasure was bestowed to the First President by the former kings of Nusantara. He instructed his adjutants to hide it and kill each other until one remained. The white-skinned creature, Pindoro, is a supernatural guardian of the treasure that cannot harm humans. Hendro finds in the prophecy that a "sleeper", who is Janus, shall rise as the trustworthy keeper of the treasure's location and have a protector, who is Ranti after inheriting the role from Ronggoweni. Bambang and a group of Ministers arrive with Janus at the Seven Stair Temple and Eros gets shot in the scuffle. Ranti appears, murders Bambang and the Ministers, then kneels before Eros, who is the prophesied Ratu Adil. Hendro reads the rest of Jayabaya's prophecy, which foretells that their meeting will usher in an era of national prosperity as well as a great struggle. Janus, Eros, and Ranti depart from Bendonowongso Hill with Pindoro.
Cast
Fachri Albar as Janus
Ario Bayu as Eros
Fahrani as Ranti
Shanty as Sari
August Melasz as Hendro Waluyo
Arswendi Nasution as Haryo Wibowo
Sujiwo Tejo as Ronggoweni
Frans Tumbuan as Bambang Sutrisno
Tipi Jabrik as Bandi
José Rizal Manua as Pindoro
Agung Udijana as Bimo
Production
In an interview with CineCrib in 2019, Anwar said that he was approached by MD Pictures executive Manoj Punjabi who wanted him to direct the film adaptation of the best-selling book Ayat-Ayat Cinta. However, he declined the offer as he did not feel like he was the right person to direct a religious film. Instead, he told Punjabi and his team the idea he had at the time for Dead Time: Kala and reached a deal immediately. This was notable as MD Pictures was then known only as a soap opera production studio. The film was shot in 28 days.
Release
Dead Time: Kala was released theatrically in Indonesia on April 19, 2007, and on December 20, 2007, in Malaysia. It was screened at several international film festivals, including Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival and Vancouver International Film Festival.
Reception
Dead Time: Kala received critical acclaim upon release. Ard Vijn of Screen Anarchy gave the film a rave review, calling it a "wonderful mix of film noir and Asian horror" and that "It manages to be both a decent thriller which looks incredibly slick". Panos Kotzathanasis of Asian Movie Pulse wrote that "In terms of style, the film is absolutely magnificent" while singling out the cinematography as "a thing of beauty" and the score's violin tracks for "heightening the sense of agony" in the film.
James Guild of Cinema Escapist called the film "a Javanese neo-noir masterpiece". In conclusion, Guild noted "This hybridization of styles, themes, and symbols underlines the complex ideas Joko Anwar explores in Kala. It reflects Joko Anwar’s enduring interest in taking the home-grown myths, legends, and folklore of Indonesia and putting them on the big screen. But by cladding them in the visual language of one of Western cinema’s most classic genres, and then sprinkling a whiff of social relevance through the use of Javanese mythology, he imbues the film with a sense of style and thematic resonance that is both familiar and also wholly unique." Leila Chudori of Tempo praised the film's cinematography and Anwar's complex screenplay, noting that the film "is told in a new language; not the Indonesian language, but Joko Anwar's language".
In a more mixed review, Maggie Lee of The Hollywood Reporter highlighted the ending as "somewhat of a letdown, as a scene-by-scene re-enactment explains everything leaving no room to the imagination" while still praising Anwar for "rewriting the formulas of mainstream Indonesian cinema".
British film magazine Sight & Sound, published by the British Film Institute, picked Dead Time: Kala as one of the year's best films while naming Anwar as one of the smartest filmmakers in Asia.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Official site
Companion Site
The Jakarta Post
2007 films
Neo-noir
2000s crime films
2000s Indonesian-language films
Indonesian thriller films
Supernatural thriller films
Films shot in Indonesia
Films directed by Joko Anwar |
The Lower Salmon River Archeological District is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It included 213 contributing sites.
The district spans across parts of Idaho County, Lewis County and Nez Perce County counties of Idaho. It extends along of the lower Salmon River.
Archeological studies were conducted in the area during 1961 to 1964 by the Idaho State College Museum, and by other entities at later dates.
This area includes the Cooper's Ferry site.
References
External links
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho
Idaho County, Idaho |
The 1978 Icelandic Cup was the 19th edition of the National Football Cup.
It took place between 30 May 1975 and 27 August 1978, with the final played at Laugardalsvöllur in Reykjavik. The cup was important, as winners qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (if a club won both the league and the cup, the defeated finalists would take their place in the Cup Winners' Cup).
The 10 clubs from the 1. Deild entered in the last 16, with clubs from lower tiers entering in the three preliminary rounds. Teams played one-legged matches. In case of a draw, the match was replayed at the opposition's ground.
ÍA Akranes won their first Icelandic Cup, beating Valur Reykjavik in the final. The club therefore qualified for Europe.
First round
Second round
Third round
Fourth round
Entry of ten teams from the 1. Deild
Quarter finals
Semi finals
Final
ÍA Akranes won their fourth Icelandic Cup and qualified for the 1979–80 European Cup Winners' Cup.
See also
1978 Úrvalsdeild
Icelandic Men's Football Cup
External links
1978 Icelandic Cup results at the site of the Icelandic Football Federation
Icelandic Men's Football Cup
Iceland
1978 in Iceland |
The Makarska Riviera is a part of the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea, about 60 kilometers (37.2 miles) long and only several kilometers wide, squeezed under towering mountain Biokovo. Sunny climate and long pebbly beaches make this region a popular tourist destination. A string of settlements along the coast from the border with Omiš coast on northwest to Neretva Delta on the southeast:
Brela (population 1,618 according to 2001 census)
Baška Voda (2,045)
Promajna (456)
Krvavica (287)
Bratuš (-)
Bast (136)
Makarska, the center of the region (13,716)
Tučepi (1,763)
Podgora (1,534)
Drašnice (328)
Igrane (480)
Živogošće (538)
Drvenik (500)
Zaostrog (372)
Podaca (716)
Brist (453)
Gradac (1,574)
See also
Riviera, featuring links to articles on the many coastal strips around the world which are known as Riviera
Geography of Split-Dalmatia County
Tourism in Croatia |
Hommes () is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.
Population
The inhabitants are called Houlmois.
See also
Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department
References
Communes of Indre-et-Loire |
Polytechnics and university of applied sciences mean the same thing in Finland. The following 24 current universities of applied sciences, as of 2021, are similar to the German Fachhochschule. The official Finnish and Swedish terms are ammattikorkeakoulu (AMK) and yrkeshögskola (YH). Except for the Åland University of Applied Sciences (Government of Åland) and the Police College of Finland (Ministry of the Interior), all polytechnics operate under the jurisdiction of the Finnish Ministry of Education.
Defunct
EVTEK University of Applied Sciences (EVTEK) to form Metropolia 2008-08-01
HAAGA University of Applied Sciences (HAAGA) to form Haaga-Helia 2007-01-01
Helsinki Business Polytechnic (Helia) to form Haaga-Helia 2007-01-01
Helsinki Polytechnic Stadia (Stadia) to form Metropolia 2008-08-01
Pirkanmaa University of Applied Sciences (PIRAMK) to form TAMK 2010-01-01
Swedish Polytechnic (SYH) to form Novia 2008-08-01
Sydväst Polytechnic (Sydväst) to form Novia 2008-08-01
Kemi-Tornio University of Applied Sciences (KTAMK) to form Lapin AMK 2014-01-01
Rovaniemi University of Applied Sciences (RAMK) to form Lapin AMK 2014-01-01
Kymenlaakso University of Applied Sciences (KyAMK) to form XAMK 2017-01-01
Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences (MAMK) to form XAMK 2017-01-01
Lahti University of Applied Sciences (LAMK) to form LAB 2020-01-01
Saimaa University of Applied Sciences (Saimaan AMK) to form LAB 2020-01-01
See also
Ammattikorkeakoulu
Education in Finland
List of universities in Finland
List of colleges and universities
List of colleges and universities by country
List of schools in Finland
References
Polytechnics
Finland |
The following is a detailed timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The first confirmed cases were recorded in Bangladesh on 8 March 2020 and continued to spread. As of 13 August 2020, the number of confirmed cases were over 269,000 and the number of deaths were 3,557.
Timeline
January
On 22 January, the authorities at the Dhaka airport put the airports on alert by screening travellers from China.
February
On 1 February, a special flight from Bangladesh evacuated 312 Bangladeshi citizens stranded in Wuhan.
The evacuees were quarantined for 14 days at the Ashkona Hajj Camp in Dhaka and other locations. None of them tested positive for the coronavirus.
March
8 March
On 8 March, The first three coronavirus cases were confirmed. The IEDCR director Prof. Meerjady Sabrina Flora announced at a press conference that 2 men (from Narayangonj) and 1 woman (From Madaripur) had tested positive for COVID-19. The patients were aged between 20 and 35. Of them, two men were Italy returnees and the woman was a family member of one of these two. IEDCR launched three hotlines to call for information about coronavirus. Approximately about 111 tests were conducted in Bangladesh.
On the same day, Bangladesh decided not to hold the planned grand inauguration ceremony of the founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's birth centenary celebration programmes on 17 March to avoid public gatherings.
16 March
On 16 March, Flora stated that an additional 3 COVID-19 patients had been detected in Bangladesh, including 2 children. Also, the Education Ministry of Bangladesh announced that it will close all educational institutions until 31 March and Dhaka University from 18 March 2020 to 28 March 2020.
17 March
On 17 March 2 more patients were diagnosed with coronavirus. One of them is an expatriate Bangladeshi and another one was in the institutional quarantine.
18 March
On 18 March, Bangladesh reported its first coronavirus death. The patient was aged over 70 and had various medical conditions like COPD, diabetes, hypertension, heart problems.
In the last 24 hours, 4 more COVID-19 patients (three male and one female) were detected where as samples of 49 people were tested. The three males were returnees from Italy and Kuwait while the female was a family member of a COVID-19 patient identified earlier.
Till date, there were a total of 341 individuals tested among whom there were 48 known positive cases, 1 reported death, and 3 recoveries.
Despite risks of spreading COVID-19, at least 25,000 Muslims joined a prayer named 'Khatme Shifa' after dawn to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, at Central Eidgah in Lakshmipur's Raipur.
19 March
As of 19 March, a total of 397 individuals have been tested since 21 January 2020. Among all those tested, there was a total of 17 positive cases, 3 recoveries, and 1 death.
In the last 24 hours, a total of 46 individuals have been tested among whom 3 (two males and one female) were newly tested positive. They are all members of the family of one Italy returnee. Of them, the men are aged 32 and 65 while the woman is 22 years old.
Bangladesh imposed its first lockdown at Shibchar, Madaripur. From 8 pm, the local administration enforced a complete shutdown in Shibchar municipality and three unions of Shibchar Upazila in an effort to contain the spread of coronavirus after 9 people from the area was announced to have tested positive.
20 March
As of 20 March, the government press release stated that a total of 433 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 20 positive cases, 3 recoveries and 1 death.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 36 individuals have been tested among whom 3 (two males and one female) were newly tested positive. The female in her 30s and the male in his 70s had known contact with a recent returnee from abroad. The male in his 30s has history of travel in Rome and Berlin. The patient in his 70s was in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) because of his critical condition.
The Daulatdia brothel, one of the largest brothels in the world was ordered to shut down.
Mountaineer Wasfia Nazreen, the first Bangladeshi to complete Seven Summits, announced on Facebook that she was tested positive for COVID-19 in Los Angeles, California.
21 March
As of 21 March, a total of 433 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 24 positive cases, 3 recoveries and 2 deaths.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 36 individuals have been tested among whom 4 were newly tested positive.
The second coronavirus death in Bangladesh was announced. The death of this man in his 70s is likely the first known death from community transmission since how he got infected remained unknown as he and his family did not have any history of travel abroad. Following his death at the nearby Delta Medical Hospital, the authorities locked down the Tolarbagh neighbourhood of Mirpur, Dhaka.
22 March
As of 22 March, a total of 564 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 27 positive cases, 5 recoveries and 2 deaths.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 65 individuals have been tested among whom 3 were newly tested positive. Among them, was a 30-year-old doctor, who treated the patient who died on 20 March.
Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC exam) which was going to begin on 1 April got postponed until further notice.
23 March
As of 23 March, a total of 620 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 33 positive cases, 5 recoveries and 3 deaths. Among those tested positive, 2 are under 10, 1 is between 10 and 20, 9 between 21 and 30, 9 between 31 and 40, 5 between 41 and 50, 1 between 51 and 60, and 6 are over 60. Among the 33 affected people, 15 lived in Dhaka, 10 are from Madaripur, 3 from Narayanganj, 2 from Gaibandha, 1 from Comilla, 1 from Gazipur, and 1 from Chuadanga. Among them, 13 has a history from foreign travel and the rest transmitted the disease from those who traveled abroad. Among those who returned from a foreign country, 6 came from Italy, 2 from the US, 2 from the UK, 2 from European countries other than Italy, 1 from Bahrain, 1 from India, and 1 from Kuwait.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 56 individuals were tested among whom 6 were newly tested positive. Among the 6 new cases (3 males, 3 females), one is a physician, two are nurses, and two recently arrived from India and Bahrain.
The third known coronavirus-related death was announced. The deceased was a neighbor of the second person who died from coronavirus. The two may have been infected at the same mosque in Tolarbag area, where they both regularly went for their prayers.
The government announced the closure of all government and private offices from 26 March until 4 April to prevent the spread of coronavirus. Only emergency services like law enforcement and healthcare services were exempted from this announcement. It was also announced that the armed forces will be deployed on 24 March to facilitate prevention of spread of coronavirus.
24 March
As of 24 March, a total of 712 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 39 positive cases, 5 recoveries and 4 deaths.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 92 individuals have been tested among whom 6 were newly tested positive. Among them, one recently returned from Saudi Arabia after completing Umrah and the other four were known to have come in contact with patients tested positive for COVID-19.
The fourth known coronavirus-related death of a female occurred in the last 24 hours. The person was over 70. It is not known how the woman contracted the virus.
The government announced a 10-day ban on all passenger travel via water, rail, and domestic air routes from 26 March till 4 April.
The government deployed the armed forces, including police and army, to ensure that people maintain social distancing and quarantine to prevent spread of the deadly COVID-19.
25 March
As of 25 March, a total of 794 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 39 positive cases, 5 recoveries and 5 deaths.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 82 individuals have been tested among whom 0 were newly tested positive. 1 coronavirus-related death occurred in the last 24 hours.
The fifth known person to have died in Bangladesh due to COVID-19 was 65 years old and was a relative of another patient tested positive. The person was tested positive on 18 March and was receiving treatment in a hospital. When the patient's condition deteriorated, s/he was admitted to the Kuwait Friendship Hospital on 21 March. The patient, who also had diabetes and hypertension, succumbed to death in the morning of 25 March.
All domestic flights were suspended.
26 March
As of 26 March, a total of 920 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 44 positive cases, 11 recoveries and 5 deaths.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 126 individuals were tested among whom 5 were newly tested positive. Among them, two are between 30 and 40, two between 40 and 50, and one is over 60. According to a newspaper report, an officer working at the Ministry of Health was one of those who tested positive.
Bangladesh observed its 50th Independence Day on a limited scale as the government cancelled all celebrations and mass gatherings to prevent the spread of coronavirus. To mark the day, important structures and main roads were illuminated and decorated with national flags.
This was the first day of the 10-day shutdown that the government announced to contain the spread of coronavirus.
27 March
As of 27 March, a total of 1026 individuals have been tested among which there is a total of 48 positive cases, 11 recoveries and 5 deaths.
According to the government press release, in the last 24 hours, a total of 106 individuals were tested among whom 4 were newly tested positive. Among the 4 new cases (three females and one male), two are physicians who treated patients infected with COVID-19. Two are from Dhaka and two are from outside of Dhaka. Three of them had contact with known patients tested for COVID-19, the source of one is unknown.
The government announced that in addition to IEDCR, three other organizations have started testing for COVID-19. The institutions are Institute of Public Health(IPH), Dhaka Shishu Hospital, and Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Disease (BITID).
So far patients with suspected COVID-19 symptoms have been reported to have been assessed and died in Cox's Bazar, Jessore, Khagrachhari, Noakhali, Rajshahi etc.
Biman Bangladesh announced that it would suspend all domestic and international flights from 30 March till 7 April. The airlines will operate its flights to London and Manchester on 29 March and fly back to Dhaka on 30 March.
Despite lockdown, Muslims across the country were reported to have joined the Jumah prayer at the mosques on Friday.
Bangladesh received medical supplies including 30,000 COVID-19 testing kits from Jack Ma Foundation founded by Alibaba Group's founder.
28 March
On 28 March, it was reported that a total of 47 individuals were tested in the last 24 hours, but none were newly tested positive. 4 new patients were declared as recovered from COVID-19.
Till date, there were a total of 1076 individuals tested among whom there were 48 known positive cases, 5 reported deaths, and 15 recoveries.
However, experts claim that a large number of people remain undetected due to inadequate testing.
29 March
On 29 March, it was reported that 109 samples were tested in the last 24 hours, but none were tested positive. According to IEDCR, there were no new deaths from COVID-19 in the last 24 hours. These numbers consisted of tests conducted in IEDCR, Institute of Public Health (IPH), and Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Disease (BITID).
Till date, there were a total of 1095 individuals tested among whom were 48 known positive cases, 5 reported deaths, and 15 recoveries.
Patients with COVID-19 symptoms continued to die in hospitals without access to testing facilities in Barishal, Khulna, Lalmonirhat, Manikganj, and Patuakhali. Some were treated at COVID-19 isolation centers at hospitals in the districts and others were denied treatment.
30 March
According to press briefing, 153 more tests were performed and one new COVID-19 positive case was identified in the past 24 hours. As of 30 March 2020, total number of COVID-19 positive cases in the country is 49.
31 March
On 31 March, it was reported that 140 samples were tested in the last 24 hours, and two were tested positive. According to IEDCR, there were no new deaths from COVID-19 in the last 24 hours. These numbers consisted of tests conducted in IEDCR, Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Bangladesh. As of this date, there were a total of 1602 individuals tested among whom were 51 known positive cases, 5 reported deaths, and 25 recoveries.
The reality of low number of tests still remains as a concern among many in the country.
April
1 April
The Health Minister of Bangladesh said in a video call conference that one more COVID-19 patient had died and 3 more COVID-19 positive cases were identified in the last 24 hours, taking the number of deaths to six and infected to 54.
2 April
On 2 April, it was reported that 141 samples were tested in the last 24 hours, and two were tested positive, both of them are male and one of them is 30-40 while the other is between 70 and 80. According to DGHS, there were no new deaths from COVID-19 in the last 24 hours.
3 April
On 3 April, it was reported that 513 new samples were tested and among them 5 were tested positive in the last 24 hours, raising the total number of infected to 61. During this period no new death was reported across the country.
100 families in Narayanganj was put in self-isolation after a deceased woman was found COVID-19 positive last night. The IEDCR informed the district's civil surgeon around 7:00 pm (2 April) last night that the woman was infected with coronavirus.
4 April
On 4 April, it was reported that 434 samples were tested out of 553 new samples and among them 9 were tested positive in the last 24 hours, raising the total number of infected to 70. During this period, 2 new death was reported across the country which takes the number of deaths from COVID-19 to 8.
5 April
On 5 April, it was reported that 367 new samples were tested and among them 18 were tested positive in the last 24 hours, raising the total number of infected to 88. During this period, 1 new death was reported across the country which takes the number of deaths from COVID-19 to 9. Dhaka had 54 cases that time.
6 April
On 6 April, the country had the largest spike thus far in both the detected number of cases and the number of deaths, with 35 new detected cases and 3 new deaths the number of positive tests surged from 88 to 123 and deaths increased from 9 to 12. It was the most cases of that time. At 2 pm IEDCR reports 127 cases. Bashabo in Dhaka was in a high risk. It was on lockdown.
The health authorities tested 468 samples to confirm the 35 new cases. Among these 35 cases, 12 were from Narayanganj.
7 April
On 7 April, the country had the largest number of cases so far in both detected number of cases and the number of deaths, with 45 new detected cases and 5 new deaths makes the number of the positive case from 123 to 164 and deaths increased from 12 to 17.
8 April
3 more died of coronavirus infection in the last 24 hours, IEDCR said today. The death toll now stands at 20, Dr. Meerjady Sabrina Flora, director, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) said during a briefing. 55 people have tested positive for COVID-19 in last 24 hours. With this, the total number of infected has reached 219.
The total number of tests conducted in last 24 hours were 981 among them 633 sample are collected from the capital
9 April
On 9 April 112 new people found positive and the death toll increased to 21. According to IEDCR, this is the biggest number of COVID-19 positive found in a day so far.
The health authorities also stated that it tested 1,097 samples, mostly from Dhaka and some across the country. This was the maximum in any given day.
10 April
According to the MIS department of DGHS of Bangladesh, the death toll increased from 21 to 27 and the total detected case is 424. The health authorities also stated that it tested another record high of 1,184 samples in some 17 testing facilities across the country. Around 7,359 tests have been completed till now.
13 April
The death toll now stands at 39, the minister said during the briefing. One hundred and eighty-two people have tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 24 hours. With this, the total number of infected has reached 803. A total number of 1,570 samples were tested in the last 24 hours, the minister also said. Meanwhile, three patients have recovered since yesterday taking the total recovery number to 42 so far, the minister added.
14 April
Seven more people have died in the country in the last 24 hours from being infected with the coronavirus. The death toll is now 46. In addition, 209 people were newly infected. The total number of infected have risen to 1,022.
18 April
New identified: 309 as well as new Deaths: 9. More than 100,000 people defied Bangladesh's lockdown order on Saturday to attend the funeral of a senior leader of the Islamist party in the district of Brahmanbaria. The funeral for Maulana Zubayer Ahmad Ansari, an Islamic teacher, broke the country's ban of no more than five people attending prayers at one time. The police were unable to control the crowd.
19 April
312 victims had been identified as positive of COVID-19. and fatalities was 7 death and 9 recovered.
20 April
492 was identified as positive for COVID-19 which is considerably the highest infected person in Bangladesh till now. 10 more casualties also reported so far. Bangladesh Bank announced Tk 30 billion refinancing fund for low-income professionals, farmers and small-business owners affected by the coronavirus shutdown.
21 April
434 people tested positive for COVID-19. 9 more people have died of coronavirus infection, taking the number of deaths to 110 in the country.
Field Hospital
The Public Health Expert Dr. Bidduth Barua took the initiative to build a field hospital and in collaboration with Navana Group built a 50-bed field hospital in Chittagong called Chattogram Field Hospital. It's the first Field Hospital in Bangladesh after the Liberation War in Bangladesh.For today to till now this field hospital is providing services to Corona patients completely free of cost.
22 April
The number of confirmed coronavirus patients in Bangladesh surged to 3,772 as the country registered 390 fresh cases in the last 24 hours. Besides, 10 more people died from COVID-19. With the latest, the death toll from the lethal disease now stands at 120.
23 April
414 new persons tested positive for COVID-19. Bangladesh crossed 4,000 cases mark right after two days of its previous 3,000 cases mark on 21 April 2020.
25 April
4689 people have been infected in total in Bangladesh and 131 people died so far due to nCoV-19. 503 positive cases in a day and this is the highest number of affected found in a day in Bangladesh.
29 April
Novel Coronavirus cases passed the 7000th mark in Bangladesh and a record 641 people tested positive in a single day. The total number of death raised to 163 as 8 people died that day across the country.
May
1 May
Bangladesh passed the 8000th case mark within just 1 day and the total number of infected people in Bangladesh is 8238. 170 people died so far and 174 people have been cured of Novel Coronavirus. 70239 people have been tested for 2019-nCov in Bangladesh.
3 May
Bangladesh has recorded the highest single day cases from coronavirus infection as 665 more people tested positive in the last 24 hours. With the latest figure, the number of total confirmed cases jumped to 9,455.
4 May
On 4 May, Novel Coronavirus cases passed the 10000 marks in Bangladesh and a record 688 infected people found in a single day, and the total number of infected people in Bangladesh is 10143. The total number of death raised to 182 as five people died today across the country. COVID-19
6 May
The number of confirmed coronavirus patients in Bangladesh surged to 11,719 as the country registered 790 new cases in the last 24 hours. Besides, three more people died from COVID-19. With the latest, the death toll from the lethal disease now stands at 186.
7 May
The number of total cases has jumped to 12425 with 706 new cases in the last 24 hours. 13 more people have died due to coronavirus, and the total death toll is 199 now.
8 May
The total number of people affected due to COVID-19 raised to 13,134. New COVID-19 infection in the last 24hrs: 709. Tests in the last 24 Hours: 5.941. Recovery in the last 24 hours: 191. New Deaths in last 24 hrs: 07, Isolation in last 24 hours: 103
9 May
A total of 636 new cases have been registered in the last 24 hours. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 13,770. Tests in the last 24 Hours: 5,465. Recovery in the last 24 hours: 313. New Deaths in last 24 hrs: 08, Isolation in last 24 hours: 196
10 May
On 10 May, the number of active cases has raised by 887. Now the total number of active coronavirus cases is 14657. The death toll raised to 228.
11 May
Bangladesh crossed 15000 marks with a record of 1034 new affected cases in a single day. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 15691. The total number of death is now 239.
12 May
The number of total cases has crossed 16660, with 969 new cases in the last 24 hours. 11 more people have died in the last 24 hours due to coronavirus, and the total death toll is 250.
Former Bangladeshi cricketer and development coach Ashiqur Rahman tested positive for COVID-19.
13 May
A total of 1162 new cases have been registered on 13 May. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 17822. With 19 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 269.
14 May
On 14 May, the number of active cases has raised by 1041. Now the total number of active coronavirus cases is 18863. The death toll increased to 280.
15 May
Bangladesh crossed 20000 marks with a record of 1202 new affected cases in a single day. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 20065. The total number of death is now 298.
16 May
A total of 930 new cases have been registered on 16 May. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 20995. With 16 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 314.
17 May
A total of 1273 new cases have been registered on 17 May. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 22268. With 14 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 328.
18 May
A total of 1602 new cases have been registered on 18 May. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 23870. With 21 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 349.
19 May
The number of total cases has jumped to 25,121 with 1251 new cases in the last 24 hours. 21 more people have died due to coronavirus, and the total death toll is 370 now.
20 May
The number of confirmed coronavirus patients in Bangladesh surged to 26,738 as the country registered 1,617 new cases in the last 24 hours. Besides, 16 more people died from COVID-19. With the latest, the death toll from the lethal disease now stands at 386.
21 May
A total of 1,773 new cases have been registered in the last 24 hours. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 28,511. Tests in the last 24 Hours: 10,262. Recovery in the last 24 hours: 395. New Deaths in last 24 hrs: 22.
22 May
Bangladesh crossed 30000 marks with 1,694 new affected cases in a single day. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 30,205. The total number of death is now 432.
23 May
The number of confirmed coronavirus patients in Bangladesh surged to 32078 as the country registered 1873 new cases in the last 24 hours. Besides, 20 more people died from COVID-19. With the latest, the death toll from the lethal disease now stands at 452.
24 May
The number of confirmed coronavirus patients in Bangladesh increased to 33610 as the country registered 1532 fresh cases in the last 24 hours and 28 more people died from COVID-19. With the latest, the death toll from the lethal disease now stands at 480.
25 May
The number of total confirmed cases reached 35585. Bangladesh has reached a distant milestone of 501 deaths from COVID-19 in the last 24 hours.
26 May
A total of 1,166 new cases have been registered today. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 36,751. With 21 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 522.
27 May
On 27 May, the number of active cases has raised by 1,541. Now the total number of active coronavirus cases is 38,292. With 22 more death cases, the death toll increased to 544. 346 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 7,925.
28 May
Bangladesh crossed 40000 marks with a record of 2,029 new affected cases in a single day. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 40,321. With 15 more death cases, the death toll increased to 559. 500 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 8,425.
29 May
A total of 2,523 new cases have been registered today. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 42,844. With 23 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 582. 590 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 9,015.
30 May
A total of 1,764 new cases have been registered today. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 44,608. With 28 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 610. 360 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 9,375.
31 May
A total of 2,545 new cases have been registered today. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 47,153. With 40 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 650. 406 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 9,781.
June
1 June
A total of 2,381 new cases have been registered today. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 49,534. With 22 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 672. 816 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. The total number of recoveries in the country crossed 10,000 marks. Total recovery as of today 10,597.
2 June
Bangladesh crossed 50,000 marks with a record of 2,911 new affected cases in a single day. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 52,445. With 37 more death cases, the death toll increased to 709. 523 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 11,120.
3 June
A total of 2,695 new cases have been registered today. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 55,140. With 37 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 746. 470 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 11,590.
4 June
A total of 2,423 new cases have been registered today. Total COVID-19 cases raised to 57,563. With 35 more death cases, the total death toll becomes 781. 571 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 12,161.
18 June
Bangladesh crossed 100,000 marks with 3,803 new affected cases in a single day. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 102,292. With 38 more deaths, the death toll becomes 1,343. The total number of recoveries in the country crossed 40,000 marks. Total recovery as of today 40,164.
19 June
A total of 3,243 new cases have been registered today. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 105,535. With 45 more deaths, the death toll becomes 1,388. 2,781 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 42,945.
20 June
A total of 3,240 new cases have been registered today. The total number of coronavirus affected cases in Bangladesh is 108,775. With 37 more deaths, the death toll becomes 1,425. 1,048 patients recovered in the last 24 hours. Total recovery as of today 43,993. Three Bangladeshi cricketers Mashrafe Mortaza, Nafees Iqbal and Nazmul Islam were all confirmed to have reportedly tested positive for COVID-19.
See also
2020 in Bangladesh
Timeline of Bangladeshi history
References
COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Bangladesh
COVID-19 pandemic by country |
Bobryk () is a village in Myrhorod Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Velyki Budyshcha rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It has a population of 791. The local self-government body is the Bobrytska village council. The village of Bobryk is located on the left bank of the Psel River, downstream at a distance of 4.5 km is the village of Vepryk. The river in this place is winding, forming estuaries, and old and marshy lakes. It is located 22 kilometers from the district center and 24 kilometers to the Hadiach railway station. It has an elevation of 113 meters.
Until 18 July 2020, Bobryk belonged to Hadiach Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four. The area of Hadiach Raion was merged into Myrhorod Raion.
In 2022, it was invaded and captured by Russian forces for some time.
References
Villages in Myrhorod Raion |
is a 2019 action-adventure stealth game developed by Ilinx and published by Square Enix. It was released in February and March 2019 for the PlayStation 4 and Windows platforms. It was announced at a press conference by Sony Interactive Entertainment before the 2017 Tokyo Game Show. Set in the Front Mission series, the story follows several individuals trying to survive amidst a surprise invasion of their country, while both helping civilians to safety and attempting to stop destruction and damage wrought by Wanzers, a form of combat mecha.
Originally conceived as a strategy game, it gained more action elements as development proceeded and ultimately became the first survival game in the Front Mission series. Developers conceived character ideas before the game's planning began, and many changes to their appearances and ages occurred as the story solidified. Left Alive received generally unfavorable reviews from critics. While many praised the graphics, story, and music, reviewers criticized the game's controls, artificial intelligence, game physics, and voice acting.
Gameplay
Left Alive is a primarily stealth-based third-person shooter, with survival game elements as well. Players spend most of their time trying to evade enemies and create improvised weapons when stealth fails or is not an option. Activities include guiding survivors to safe houses, crafting weapons, and planning the takedown of wanzers. Players can search the bodies of other players who died in the same area. They also occasionally have the opportunity to take control of Wanzers and do significant damage to their enemies.
During interactions with civilians and other NPCs, there will be dialogue choices that the player can choose. Koshka, a Rutherian command and control AI, guides players and warns them when enemies come close. Weapon crafting includes creating improvised explosive devices, traps, and different kinds of explosives from scrounged materials. Players guide survivors to the safe houses by issuing commands on the map screen.
Plot
The story takes place in the Front Mission series during a conflict between two Eastern European countries, Ruthenia and Garmoniya, formerly Ukraine. The game breaks the story into fourteen chapters and three characters individual stories. Players begin as Mikhail, a Ruthenian Wanzer pilot who must survive the loss of his Wanzer and fellow soldiers. The next character is Olga, a police captain and former soldier of the Garmoniyan Army before the city she lives in became part of Ruthenia. The last character is Leonid, a former Novo Slava rebel leader accused of murder. The plot begins with a surprise invasion by Garmoniya into the Ruthenian city of Novo Slava on the border between the two countries, the same city where Olga works. Koshka, the Ruthenia military's logistics and communications AI system, supports all three protagonists.
After enemy forces kill Mikhail's unit, he meets Patrick Lemaire, an agent of the Unified Continental States (UCS), posing as a journalist. Mikhail then recruits him into investigating a conspiracy involving an advanced prototype Wanzer and a virus known as MODS, both of which were secretly being developed in Ruthenia by rogue officials. Patrick explains that the actual reason is because Garmoniya is secretly acting on behalf of the Republic of Zaftra and its secret ruling body Semargl to obtain the virus and the wanzer.
As the invasion begins, Olga encounters a young orphan named Julia, whom she pursues to save her from a human trafficking ring run by the Garmoniyan military. Olga discovers Julia is a survivor of a Semargl research project which infected victims with the MODS virus. Leonid is framed for the assassination of Novo Slava's liberator and national hero, Ruslan Izmailov, and forced to escape during the invasion. He learns that Ruslan is still alive and is a deep cover Semargl agent. Seeking revenge, Leonid pursues Ruslan and kills him. However, Olga later witnesses an inexplicably alive Ruslan appear and capture Julia on behalf of Semargl.
The three protagonists meet up and head downtown to reach a rescue helicopter sent by Patrick. Olga goes off to rescue Julia, while Mikhail hijacks an unattended Wanzer to create a distraction. On his way to the rescue helicopter, Leonid encounters Ruslan, now revealed to be a cyborg. After a final confrontation, Leonid destroys Ruslan, and the three protagonists are picked up by Patrick's rescue helicopter as an international peacekeeping force arrives to take control of Novo Slava.
If all thirty civilians and four major supporting characters the protagonists encounter through the game survive, a secret ending will play. It shows Ruslan revealing to Leonid during their final confrontation that Semargl possesses a computer system called M3, which can predict the future. M3 predicted that human overpopulation would lead to humanity's decline, leading Semargl to use the MODS virus as a means of population control. An after-credits scene shows Koshka uploading all data acquired from the invasion of Novo Slava to M3 before "proceeding with the next phase".
Development
Left Alive was developed by Japanese developer Ilinx and produced by Square Enix. Toshifumi Nabeshima directed the title, previously having directed some of the games in the Armored Core franchise. Shinji Hashimoto, who helped produce entries in both Front Mission and Square Enix's Final Fantasy series, served as producer for Left Alive. Yoji Shinkawa, known for his work on the Metal Gear series, created the game's promotional art. In addition to overseeing the design of some of the models, Shinkawa did character designs of the three main protagonists and one of the Wanzer mecha models. He drew concept art of some of the other characters.
Artist Takayuki Yanase, who worked on Xenoblade Chronicles X, also contributed to Wanzer designs. When development began, the development team initially conceived the title as a strategy game, but it became more of an action title under Toshifumi Nabeshima's influence. Nabeshima initially thought that the game would revolve around mech robots fighting each other due to the title's Front Mission roots. However, when he learned that players would control people and fight against wanzers, Front Missions term for mechs, he considered giving them a guard suit or power suit. Later on in development, the game took a very different turn toward a survival mechanic.
For the game's artwork, Nabeshima had the design team make sure he remained faithful to the Front Mission aesthetic. He also created a character with the inspiration he found through the artwork of the original Front Mission artist Yoshitaka Amano, who is also one of his favorite artists. Artist Yoji Shinkawa drew the three main characters based on a simple profile and then began submitting rough sketches of Leonid's character for consideration since that was a character type he was very familiar with. He then designed the characters, continuously checking to see that he was maintaining a balance between them. He also did sketches for the game's other key characters and also designed one of the wanzers. The mechs did not have to look like traditional "Zenith-type" wanzers from Front Mission, just "powerful/formidable", so Shinkawa designed purely from his imagination. Shinkawa advised on the 3D graphics and how they looked in motion. Shinkawa notes that he adjusted designs with developer feedback for each character about three to four times. There was much discussion about the direction of Mikhail's character, with him first conceived as middle-aged but then young and handsome, necessitating a redesign. His personality began as conceited, like one who had an affluent childhood, but as his dialogue made him more "honest and earnest", his design changed again.
Before story development, Yoji Shinkawa already had some characters who existed in the Front Mission series in development. In developing the game, the team discussed prioritizing a sense of reality for the story. This decision led them to set the game in the present world, but all the countries names are changed. The designers also decided that a very realistic plot that would still feel like Front Mission would involve several characters dealing with "evil conspiracies" caused by nations plotting against each other. Composer Hidenori Iwasaki worked on the music, drawing from his experiences as the composer for some of the music in previous Front Mission games. Orchestrator Jordan Seigel and audio engineer Shinnosuke Miyazawa also helped record the soundtrack at Abbey Road Studios in London.
Release
In September 2017 at the Tokyo Game Show, the game was announced with an intended release year of 2018. In September 2018, Square Enix communicated a Japanese release date of February 28, 2019. The following month, Square Enix stated that they would release the game outside of Japan on March 5, 2019. People who pre-ordered the game received five desktop wallpapers, a downloadable content pack, and a sample soundtrack. A special edition called the "Mech Edition" was also released that included everything in the pre-ordered version, along with an action figure of a Wanzer designed by Yanase and an official artbook. As part of promotions, Square Enix collaborated with Japanese rock band Man with a Mission to release a song called "Left Alive" on the Japanese release date of February 28.
On the day the game was released worldwide, Square Enix launched a free downloadable content pack for Left Alive. This "World of Tanks Collaboration" pack contained only in-game advertising for World of Tanks.
Reception
Left Alive received "generally unfavorable" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, approximately 17,622 physical units for PlayStation 4 were sold during its launch week, becoming the number five selling game of any format.
DM Schmeyer of IGN called the game a "failure on every level", with poor controls and game balances issues cited along with technical glitches. Jason Faulkner of Game Revolution praised the setting and plot but noted a wildly changing enemy intelligence that would either never miss or ignore the player completely. James Swinbanks of GameSpot praised the opening and some of the character dialogue but explained that the lack of story set up initially leads to significant plot revelations having no emotional impact. Dan Roemer of Destructoid praised the game's soundtrack and art direction but highlighted the low-resolution graphical textures that gave the game a "drab" look. He also noted "laughable" enemy physics, where killed enemies' bodies would jump in the air whenever they died, and described the voice acting as "varied", ranging from decent to sounding like the actors "gave up" after one take.
Heather Alexandra of Kotaku loved the idea of urban warfare, including searching for improvised weapons to take on war mechs, and said the game "drips with style and mood", but felt the game's "stiff" and "sluggish" controls made it impossibly hard to play. Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw of Zero Punctuation ranked it as the second-worst game of 2019.
Notes
References
External links
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Front Mission
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The 2010 Tonight Show conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving the American television network NBC and two of its late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno, over the timeslot and hosting duties of long-running franchise The Tonight Show.
Leno, the host of The Tonight Show since 1992, and O'Brien, host of Late Night since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for NBC for much of the decade. In 2001, when O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks, NBC agreed to extend his contract and eventually make him the fifth host of The Tonight Show. The network neglected to tell Leno about this arrangement until 2004, when they informed him that O'Brien would take over as host in five years. When that time arrived, in 2009, NBC tried to keep both of its late-night stars by offering Leno a nightly primetime show before the local news and O'Brien's Tonight Show.
The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien and The Jay Leno Show did not immediately receive strong ratings, and NBC affiliates complained of declining viewership. NBC Universal CEO Jeff Zucker, alongside NBC chairman Jeff Gaspin and executive Rick Ludwin, created a remedy: return Leno to his 11:35 pm ET start time and bump O'Brien a half-hour later, to 12:05 am ET. O'Brien and his staff were disappointed and furious; when it became clear O'Brien would not agree to the proposed changes, the situation grew heated. Though not a breach of either host's contract, the change resulted in a public outcry and public demonstrations largely in support of O'Brien.
O'Brien's public statement that he would not participate in the "destruction" of The Tonight Show led to negotiations with NBC for a settlement. O'Brien and his staff received (equivalent to about $ million in ) to walk away from the network, with his final Tonight Show airing January 22, 2010; Leno was reinstated as host that March, while after a contractual seven-month ban against appearing on television, O'Brien moved to TBS to host Conan. Leno returned to hosting The Tonight Show from 2010 until his retirement in 2014. The controversy surrounding the scheduling move and the reinstatement of Leno was described by media outlets as "embarrassing" and a "public relations disaster" for NBC.
Background
On May 25, 1991, Johnny Carson, host of NBC's The Tonight Show for nearly thirty years, announced his retirement and retired from the program a year later. NBC signed Jay Leno, Carson's "exclusive guest host", to become the program's fourth host upon Carson's exit. Carson clearly held the view that the position should be given to David Letterman, host of his own program, Late Night, which had directly followed Carson's Tonight Show for ten years. NBC tried to appease both stars, but Letterman left the network in a very public conflict that resulted in the creation of his own competing show on CBS, which began in 1993, Late Show with David Letterman. Letterman's show regularly won in the Nielsen ratings against Leno for two years which showed that another late-night program could compete, both in ratings and advertising profits, with The Tonight Show.
Leno's Tonight Show started rocky; prior to Letterman's move, NBC considered matching CBS's offer to allow Letterman to take over from Leno. Letterman beat Leno for nearly two years until August 1995, when Leno welcomed Hugh Grant, who had recently been arrested for soliciting a sex worker ("What the hell were you thinking?", Leno asked, to applause), to a previously-booked appearance on Tonight. From that point on, Leno beat Letterman in the ratings, and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno remained number one for the next fourteen years (for Leno's entire first stint as host).
NBC chose to continue the Late Night franchise, and at the suggestion of Saturday Night Live producer Lorne Michaels, hired Conan O'Brien, a relatively unknown writer for SNL and The Simpsons, to take over the time slot beginning in late 1993. Late Night with Conan O'Brien was constantly at risk for cancellation in its early years; at one low point in 1994, NBC put O'Brien on a 3-month contract. Executives were anxious to replace him with Greg Kinnear, who followed O'Brien with Later at 1:30 am, but Kinnear left to pursue a career in acting later on. Interns filled empty seats in O'Brien's audience while affiliates began to inquire about replacement hosts. Things improved for Late Night slowly (mostly revolving around O'Brien's performance) and by 1996, O'Brien's audience, largely young and male (a coveted demographic), grew steadily and the show began to beat competitors in the ratings, which it would continue to do for fifteen years.
A notable episode of O'Brien's tenure on Late Night came in early 1994 when Letterman asked to appear as a guest and say some kind words to him. O'Brien considered this the turning point of his entire career, which he mentioned while paying tribute to Letterman in an opening monologue of his own talk show on TBS, which aired the same night as Letterman's final show; O'Brien notably asked his viewers to turn him off and watch Letterman later on in the monologue.
Early history
Contract renewals (2001–2004)
Near the turn of the millennium, NBC's late-night lineup—Leno at 11:35, O'Brien at 12:35, and Saturday Night Live on the weekend—remained a leader in the ratings. By 2001, O'Brien's contract at NBC had less than a year left to run, and despite arguably "coming into his own" in the preceding years, the network was reluctant to pay him on the same scale as other late-night hosts. That year, competing network Fox mounted an "extended, comprehensive campaign" to lure O'Brien away from NBC, citing his appeal from a younger late night demographic. News Corporation chairman and CEO Peter Chernin pursued O'Brien personally, taking him and executive producer Jeff Ross to dinner on several occasions. Fox's plan involved making O'Brien the network's signature star: his program would begin thirty minutes before Leno's and Letterman's (the network's local news broadcasts aired earlier than other networks, allowing the head start) and he would receive cross-promotion via its animated programming block and on Sunday NFL games. Chernin also offered the host seven times his current pay (a jump from US$3 million to US$21 million). Ross, friends with NBC president and CEO Jeff Zucker, informed him that Fox was aggressively pursuing O'Brien; NBC returned with a more realistic offer, bumping up O'Brien's salary to US$8 million and renewing him through 2005.
While many of O'Brien's professional advisors and managers pushed for the Fox deal, O'Brien's desire to one day perhaps take over The Tonight Show after Leno made it a difficult decision. Numerous executives, including president Bob Wright, were optimistic that O'Brien would stay at NBC despite other networks being interested in signing him. Chernin warned O'Brien that waiting around for Leno to leave would be destructive to his late-night television career. Nevertheless, O'Brien signed a new deal with NBC in March 2002; the contract extended him through 2005 and most significantly contained a clause that solidified the official line of succession: If anything were to happen to Leno, O'Brien would step in. A year later, NBC broadcast O'Brien's tenth late night anniversary special in primetime. By the time Leno's contract again came up for renewal, a discussion would be needed regarding the future of The Tonight Show. The plan would extend Leno four additional years, after which he would give The Tonight Show to O'Brien.
In February 2004, NBC executive Marc Graboff informed Ross of the conversations, and he in turn ran the idea of waiting four more years to O'Brien, who was immediately receptive. Zucker, along with top late-night executive Rick Ludwin, met with Leno in March at his Burbank studio to discuss the contract extension, and explained NBC's stance on handing over the show to O'Brien. While Leno quietly felt both disappointed and befuddled, he noted he did not want to see himself and O'Brien go through the same dilemma he and Letterman faced twelve years earlier and agreed to the plans. His only request was that NBC wait to announce O'Brien as host until well after the extension was signed, to which the executives agreed. While Leno handled the news professionally, he soon headed to Tonight Show producer Debbie Vickers' office to let her know he felt as if he had just been fired. NBC's announcement of the renewal inevitably led to press speculation on O'Brien's fate; to that end, O'Brien and his team went with the charade, peppering interviews with unclear, vague statements on his future. On September 27, 2004, O'Brien officially signed on to become the next host of The Tonight Show; NBC allowed the first comment aside from the press release to come from Leno on that night's show. Leno compared The Tonight Show to a dynasty, stating "You hold it, and then you hand it off to the next person. And I don't want to see all the fighting and all the 'Who's better?' and nasty things back and forth in the press. So right now, here it is—Conan, it's yours! See you in five years, buddy!"
Losing Leno (2005–2008)
In private conversations, Leno likened his removal from The Tonight Show to the end of a relationship, noting that he was loyal and still ended up "heartbroken". From his perspective, NBC's decision made no sense, as his show had remained number one in ratings and consistently brought in money. He began frequently lamenting his confusion to producer Vickers, explaining that he was "sick of lying" when people inquired on his retirement. Eventually, Leno began mulling over his options after Tonight, telling his staff that after the transition, they could move to another network like ABC. His frustration with the situation came across in his nightly monologues, as more jokes regarding NBC's fourth-place position in the ratings, as well as jokes regarding the future transition, began to appear. While NBC executives tended to not worry in the immediate years following the decision, by 2007 Zucker began to ponder what losing Leno might mean for the network. Around this time, Fox and ABC began conveying interest and holding discreet conversations with Leno.
Among the offers made to Leno by NBC's competitors was from Sony Pictures Television for a syndicated program. In early 2008, Zucker began to make trips to the Burbank studio in an effort to keep Leno. He gave him numerous suggestions, including a Bob Hope-type deal (high-profile specials), a Sunday night primetime show, or even a nightly cable show on USA Network (owned by NBC Universal). Executives began to entertain an ideal solution—pay off O'Brien and retain Leno—but Zucker viewed the idea as "outrageous". By this time, NBC had already broken ground on a new studio for O'Brien's Tonight Show, renovating Stage 1 at the Universal Studios Lot in Universal City, for a reported US$50 million. During a spring lunch meeting with Ross, NBC Sports chief Dick Ebersol advised that O'Brien retire silly antics and focus more on pitching his show to middle America, which would involve stretching out his monologue. O'Brien, then a year away from inheriting The Tonight Show, was indeed lengthening his monologue, but viewed suggestions from Ludwin as largely unnecessary, desiring to put his own stamp on the show's tradition. By this point, O'Brien's high popularity at the time of the contract signing had gone down slightly. He had opted not to change his act to suit a more mainstream audience as NBC imagined he would, and CBS's Craig Ferguson, who occupied the post-Letterman slot as host of The Late Late Show, had begun to occasionally beat O'Brien in overall ratings. Though internal anxiety increased among executives, most tended to still support O'Brien.
Zucker's last resort for Leno was a nightly 10:00 pm program. He imagined a nightly Leno show in that timeslot could perhaps turn around NBC's primetime ratings decline. On December 8, 2008, Leno verbally agreed to stay at the network—producing a nightly 10:00 pm variety show titled The Jay Leno Show—and phoned ABC and Fox to inform them. Zucker and Ludwin planned to meet with O'Brien later to explain the deal, but as word leaked out to The New York Times, they decided to meet with him directly following that night's show. Following the meeting, Ross and O'Brien met with writers and mulled over the decision. O'Brien instantly felt uneasy, but as he was still in essence receiving The Tonight Show, he remained calm. The final Late Night with Conan O'Brien episode aired on February 20, 2009, followed by The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on May 29. Much of O'Brien's entire staff moved cross-country to Los Angeles to prepare his version of The Tonight Show. He and his staff threw themselves into developing the program, but remained concerned regarding NBC's commitment to the new Tonight Show incarnation. Meanwhile, senior-level executives at NBC predicted that Leno's show would be roundly beaten by hour-long dramas on competing networks and cable, dooming the network's experiment.
Ratings
The Tonight Show and The Jay Leno Show debut
The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien pulled in over nine million viewers to its June 1, 2009, premiere, doing extremely well in the coveted young demographics. Critics were generally very favorable; Tom Shales of The Washington Post, once critical of O'Brien, wrote that, "There's every indication that O'Brien will be up to the job of his illustrious predecessors." Each night, older audiences gradually turned off the program as it aired; seven episodes later, Letterman's show had edged above O'Brien's for the first time. While Zucker called O'Brien to reiterate that the generational change was expected, other executives were not as pleased. O'Brien and his team were not happy with the lack of promotion in the show's early weeks. Against the wishes of several PR executives, Zucker authorized a press release proclaiming O'Brien "the New King of Late Night", a move that attracted ridicule. Zucker later regretted the decision, and many at O'Brien's Tonight Show offices were displeased.
Over the following weeks, Zucker grew weary with O'Brien's performance and what he regarded as a booking of the wrong stars. When a controversy erupted over a joke Letterman told regarding politician Sarah Palin's family, Zucker eagerly pushed the O'Brien camp to bring her on their show, eyeing an opportunity to regain viewers and perhaps make it a turning point for a show not doing particularly well. O'Brien disliked the idea, finding it pandering to viewers that would alienate fans and the press, as well as hurt his relationship with Letterman. Meanwhile, Letterman continued to score higher ratings than O'Brien with regularity; his fall interview with U.S. President Barack Obama topped The Tonight Show by almost 5 million viewers, and the next week, a scandal involving attempted extortion and personal affairs made Letterman the talk of the country. By August, The Tonight Show was still losing to Letterman in total viewers, but, owing to O'Brien's appeal to a young audience, maintained its lead in the touted demographics.
The Jay Leno Show premiered on September 14, 2009, featuring guests Jerry Seinfeld and Kanye West, shortly after West's infamous incident with Taylor Swift at the MTV Video Music Awards. The program racked up 17.7 million viewers, doing much better than O'Brien's Tonight Show debut in both overall numbers and young demographics. Some critics were harsh with Leno's program, with many viewing it as a rehash of the show he had just left. Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times said one of its sponsors' commercials was funnier than the show itself, saying, "This is the future of television? This wasn't even a good rendition of television past." By the show's second week, which saw it airing directly opposite season premieres, The Jay Leno Show saw its audience size fall to five million viewers. As the weeks wore on, producer Vickers noticed that NBC's plan—to save the best segments, such as Leno's signature "Headlines", for last in order to provide a strong lead-in for local news—was possibly hurting the program. One month in, Leno often only made third place, and executives became more uneasy.
Slipping numbers
Ratings for NBC affiliates' local news broadcasts at 11:00 pm began to slip by mid-October, especially on NBC owned-and-operated stations in the largest markets, creating high anxiety for the network. The Tonight Show still retained a slightly higher share of the coveted 18–34 demographic against Letterman, but saw those numbers slip even more when The Jay Leno Show began. Affiliates began to complain, and in addition to a domino effect on the local news, O'Brien, and his 12:30 am successor, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, the disastrous ratings for Leno had damaged NBC's existing primetime lineups. This cascading effect caused by the lowered 10:00 pm lead-in was so significant that local NBC affiliate news viewership fell an average of twenty-five percent nationwide, with the decline in some markets being as high as fifty percent. By November, two months after the debut of The Jay Leno Show, ratings for The Tonight Show were brought down "roughly two million viewers a night year-to-year" from when Leno hosted the program. Clearing the 10 pm time period for Leno also damaged relations with the producers of scripted shows that previously occupied that slot, such as Dick Wolf of Law & Order. Leno offered an October 29 interview to Broadcasting & Cable where he stated he would return to his original 11:35 time slot if offered by NBC. When O'Brien's sidekick and announcer Andy Richter called the move less than "classy" in a chat with TV Squad, Leno called Ludwin to complain.
As most programs went into repeats in December, Leno's staff, notably Vickers, had focused on grabbing big-name guests for that month in an effort to save The Jay Leno Show; these efforts were cut short when she was informed they had "until the end of November". Affiliates began calling the network to inquire about the show's fate, and research analysis revealed O'Brien's drastically reduced median age for The Tonight Show—age 56 to 46—could possibly reflect that he was too "niche" for the earlier time. Any effort to take Leno off the air was halted by his contract, which had a highly unusual "pay-and-play" provision, in contrast to the typical "pay-or-play" agreement, which guaranteed NBC would both air his program and pay him for up to two years. On November 6, NBC chairman Jeff Gaspin received an email from the sales division with a suggestion to cancel O'Brien and reinstate Leno as host of The Tonight Show. Upon Gaspin's legal interpretation of Leno's contract, the option to simply move Leno back to The Tonight Show became relevant. When very poor ratings came in for the November sweeps period, affiliates became alarmed, and NBC board members demanded something be done regarding the 10:00 pm lead-in.
If something were not done by January, the affiliates reasoned, they would instate syndicated programming or move up their news broadcasts and pre-empt The Jay Leno Show. Ludwin, Gaspin, and Zucker kicked around possible solutions for their dilemma, such as cutting Leno to a few nights per week. In an attempt to alleviate the situation, Vickers moved the most popular comedy segments to the second act of The Jay Leno Show, moving their "10 at 10" segment later in the broadcast. Gaspin again received the suggestion to put Leno back at 11:35, and soon began working on a plan to cut The Jay Leno Show to a half-hour, leading into Conan's Tonight Show around midnight. From their perspective, the biggest casualty in this scenario would be Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, which would get bumped to 1 am. The reconfigured lineup could start in March 2010, following NBC's coverage of the Winter Olympics. Zucker preferred a plan for Leno to include an occasional guest and comedy piece, while Ebersol favored returning to the way it once was, with Leno at 11:35 and O'Brien at 12:35. Gaspin laid out his plan to Zucker one week before Christmas, but both agreed to wait it out for the new year, as to not "ruin anybody's holiday season".
Conflict
Proposed changes
The plan moved forward after confirmation that O'Brien's contract did not guarantee a strict 11:35pm start time (a loophole included primarily to accommodate sports pre-emptions and specials such as the network's New Year coverage). Gaspin planned to disclose the news to Leno first, and then, if all went well, inform O'Brien the following week. When Gaspin laid out the proposal to Leno and Vickers, the response was positive, even though they questioned how such a plan would work. While Leno embraced the plan, Vickers was unnerved; without a guest or music act, she might have no studio audience, which could have disastrous consequences for Leno. After his January 6 show, O'Brien met with manager Gavin Polone to share his thoughts regarding the ratings: "I just think [Leno] is going to hurt me in some way."
News regarding Leno leaked to pop culture site FTV Live by the following morning, which was then picked up by national publications, including the Los Angeles Times and The New York Times. Gaspin scheduled an immediate meeting with Ross and O'Brien as soon as they arrived and explained the proposed changes. Following the tense fifteen-minute meeting, O'Brien and Ross returned to the Tonight studio. TMZ reported on the story with a headline reading, "NBC Shakeup; Jay Leno Comes Out on Top." O'Brien called an emergency staff meeting and assured all that they had not been canceled and all would be fine.
By the following morning, O'Brien and Ross determined that they would have to leave NBC, and O'Brien opened that night's show with, "We've got a great show for you tonight—I have no idea when it will air, but it's gonna be a great show." Polone viewed the move as a reactionary one by Zucker, concluding that he was acting in self-preservation, since NBC Universal owner General Electric was in the process of negotiating the sale of a controlling interest in the company to cable operator Comcast. When a story ran that night on The New York Times website that Fox had an "overt interest" in O'Brien and was not going along with the plan, Zucker reasoned that Polone was to blame. The situation became heated when Zucker placed a call to O'Brien's agent, Rick Rosen, inquiring on the story and demanding an immediate answer from the O'Brien camp. Gaspin spoke about the situation at a previously scheduled press conference that Sunday, noting that, "I obviously couldn't satisfy either with 100 percent of what they wanted. That's why I came up with this compromise." Zucker, upon hearing that O'Brien still did not take the proposal well, threatened Rosen, saying "I'm going to tell you right now that I can pay him or play him. I can ice you guys." On the following Monday's show, O'Brien continued jokes on the subject; responding to thunderous applause, he joked, "You keep that up, and this monologue won't start until 12:05."
"People of Earth"
Rosen suggested that O'Brien's camp hire litigation lawyer Patty Glaser to help grasp the situation. Following discussions on Leno's contract during a post-show conference, Glaser turned her attention to O'Brien for his opinion. He expressed his desire to write a statement describing his feelings on the matter, and after hearing what he would possibly say in such a statement, Glaser agreed to the idea, although Ross was initially reluctant.
O'Brien's press release went out mid-day on January 12, which he addressed to "People of Earth":
For 60 years the Tonight Show has aired immediately following the late local news. I sincerely believe that delaying the Tonight Show into the next day to accommodate another comedy program will seriously damage what I consider to be the greatest franchise in the history of broadcasting. The Tonight Show at 12:05 simply isn't the Tonight Show. [ ... ] So it has come to this: I cannot express in words how much I enjoy hosting this program and what an enormous personal disappointment it is for me to consider losing it. My staff and I have worked unbelievably hard and we are very proud of our contribution to the legacy of The Tonight Show. But I cannot participate in what I honestly believe is its destruction.
Public and media reaction to the press release was positive, with The New York Times stating O'Brien held Leno "personally responsible" for this conflict. On the January 13th episode, Conan said in his monologue that "hosting The Tonight Show has been the fulfillment of a lifelong dream for me. And I just want to say to the kids out there watching, you can do anything you want in life. Unless Jay Leno wants to do it, too." Following the joke, Leno called Gaspin, asking, "Why the fuck am I giving up a half hour for this guy?" Conversations changed to focus on what O'Brien would require to resolve the matter, and parties began to discuss a settlement.
Reaction and media coverage
Public support for O'Brien
Public reaction was overwhelmingly in favor of O'Brien during the conflict. In the days following the switch announcement, research of Twitter posts expressed support for O'Brien. Over one million people joined the two most prominent Facebook groups supporting O'Brien: "Team Conan" and "I'm With Coco", referring to an on-air nickname applied to O'Brien by actor Tom Hanks during his Tonight Show reign. Artist Mike Mitchell designed a poster similar of the Obama "Hope" poster, showing O'Brien superimposed with an American flag in the background and the caption "I'm With Coco". The poster was widely circulated and displayed online and at various rallies. The color orange also became the choice of color for O'Brien fans, referencing his light orange hair. O'Brien's overnight ratings began to shoot up (much to NBC's chagrin), and the viral support for O'Brien only increased by the week of his final shows.
Rallies in support of O'Brien were organized outside NBC studios across the U.S., notably in Los Angeles, Chicago, Seattle, and New York City. O'Brien briefly appeared at a January 18 rally outside the Tonight Show studio, after which he gave the crowd free pizza. Andy Richter and Tonight Show drummer Max Weinberg also made an appearance during the rally to speak to the crowd from atop the studio, and Tonight Show Band trombonist Richie "La Bamba" Rosenberg was driven around the crowd in a Popemobile-style vehicle. American Red Cross representatives were at a number of the rallies to collect money for the Haiti earthquake relief.
Many in Hollywood, including actors, comedians, and media personalities expressed support for O'Brien. Saturday Night Lives Seth Meyers addressed the controversy on the program's Weekend Update segment, joking that the conflict showed that "you don't need Cinemax to see someone get screwed on TV", and then proceeding to defend O'Brien.
Criticism of Leno
Leno faced heated criticism and increasing negative publicity for his perceived role in the timeslot conflict, with some critics predicting that his reputation—along with those of Zucker and NBC—had been permanently damaged by the incident. Critics pointed to the 2004 Tonight Show clip wherein Leno claimed he would allow O'Brien to take over without incident. Actor and comedian Patton Oswalt was among the first celebrities to openly voice disappointment with Leno, saying, "Comedians who don't like Jay Leno now, and I'm one of them, we're not like, 'Jay Leno sucks;' it's that we're so hurt and disappointed that one of the best comedians of our generation… willfully has shut the switch off." Rosie O'Donnell was among O'Brien's most vocal and vehement supporters, calling Leno a "bully". Radio personality Howard Stern was a harsh critic of Leno before and after the timeslot change announcement; in a 2006 appearance on Late Night, Stern told O'Brien that he felt it was unlikely that Leno would ever willingly give up Tonight to anyone. The 67th Golden Globe Awards, which NBC aired on January 17 during O'Brien's settlement negotiations, featured numerous jokes on the controversy by Tina Fey and Tom Hanks, as well as show host Ricky Gervais who quipped, "Let's get on with it before NBC replaces me with Jay Leno."
Commentators also faulted Leno for what they perceived as a disingenuous attempt on the host's part to forge an "everyman" persona in the way he carried himself throughout the controversy. During the episode of The Jay Leno Show that aired after it was made public that Leno had been offered the 11:35 time slot back, Leno portrayed himself as an ingenuous employee merely following NBC's instructions, making a point of stating, "I don't have a manager, I don't have an agent" and referring to his preference of making direct, "handshake" deals.
In an essay for The Wall Street Journal, Nathan Rabin wrote that the response to Leno's role was "quick, vitriolic and widespread." Bill Zehme, the co-author of Leno's autobiography Leading with My Chin, told the Los Angeles Times, "The thing Leno should do is walk, period. He's got everything to lose in terms of public popularity by going back. People will look at him differently. He'll be viewed as the bad guy." Joe Queenan from The Wall Street Journal went further in his criticism of Leno, jokingly comparing the controversy to Adolf Hitler's annexation of Czechoslovakia.
David Letterman was one of the more adamant critics of NBC and Leno's handling of the conflict. He noted that, "We went through our own version of this seventeen, eighteen years ago", and he ridiculed Leno's recent "state of the network address", wherein Leno pleaded for viewers not to "blame Conan", with Letterman noting, "In the thousands and thousands of words that have been printed about this mess, who has blamed Conan?"
Jon Stewart of Comedy Central's The Daily Show reflected on the controversy, saying, "At least we don't have to deal with Jeff Zucker. That guy's like the Cheney of television, shooting shows in the face." Stewart also shouted "Team Conan" as his "Moment of Zen" at the end of the January 21 episode of The Daily Show. Stephen Colbert of Comedy Central's The Colbert Report asked guest Morgan Freeman to read a list of "untrustworthy things", one of which paraphrased a statement made by Leno in 2004, "Conan: The 11:30 slot? Yours."
Jimmy Kimmel, host of the ABC late night show Jimmy Kimmel Live!, donned a gray wig and fake chin to perform his entire January 12 show in character as Leno. With his bandleader Cleto Escobedo parodying Leno's bandleader Kevin Eubanks, Kimmel began his monologue with, "It's good to be here on ABC. Hey, Cleto, you know what ABC stands for? Always Bump Conan." He also referenced the "People of Earth" letter, noting how O'Brien declined to participate in the "destruction" of The Tonight Show, commenting as Leno that, "Fortunately, though, I will! I'll burn it down if I have to!" Leno called Kimmel the next morning to discuss the bit, and at the end of the call, Leno suggested Kimmel come over and appear on his show. When his booking department called to confirm his appearance on a "10 at 10" segment (in which Leno asked ten questions to a guest appearing remotely via satellite), Kimmel agreed immediately. When he received the questions for his January 14 appearance—such as "What's your favorite snack junk food?"—he realized Leno intended to neutralize the scathing parody and paint the two as friends. Despite the questions, Kimmel used the segment to criticize Leno for his role in the Tonight Show conflict.
Neutrality of Jimmy Fallon
The only late night host who remained neutral was Jimmy Fallon, calling O'Brien and Leno "two of my heroes and two of my friends". He later joked that, "There's been three hosts of Late Night: David Letterman, Conan O'Brien, and me. And if there's one thing I've learned from Dave and Conan, it's that hosting this show is a one-way ticket to not hosting The Tonight Show." Ironically, four years later, Fallon was selected to replace the retiring Leno as host of The Tonight Show in February 2014.
Defense of Leno and criticism of O'Brien
Speaking to The Hollywood Reporter, Jerry Seinfeld rebuffed the idea that NBC deserved blame and chastised O'Brien for pointing fingers:
"What did the network do to him?" Seinfeld asked. "I don't think anyone's preventing people from watching Conan. Once they give you the cameras, it's on you. I can't blame NBC for having to move things around. I hope Conan stays, I think he's terrific. But there's no rules in show business, there's no [referees]."
Jim Norton, who was a frequent contributor to Leno's shows, touched on the controversy repeatedly in interviews and on The Opie & Anthony Show, calling the harsh criticism of Leno "amazing" and suggesting that Leno declining to walk away after stating otherwise was no worse than O'Brien "actually trying to force Jay out by telling the agents, 'If Conan doesn't get The Tonight Show, he's leaving the network.'" Chris Rock defended Leno during a 2010 interview on The Howard Stern Show, claiming "Leno did not fuck over Conan" and that "Conan was screwed by his management and his agent" by accepting Leno's 10:00pm show as O'Brien's lead-in.
Numerous NBC executives defended both Leno and Zucker, with NBC Sports chairman Dick Ebersol being especially vocal about his support. Calling Leno's detractors "chicken-hearted and gutless," he summarized the late-night situation as an "astounding failure" by O'Brien. Leno himself was among O'Brien's harshest critics, calling his numbers "destructive to the franchise".
Settlement
Negotiations
Discussions neared completion regarding a financial settlement by January 14, and were expected to be in place following O'Brien's final week of shows—January 18–22—a concession O'Brien pushed to give his program a proper farewell. Movement on the settlement slowed when run by GE executives, then-owners of NBC Universal. NBC had several requests, among those that he not bring Howard Stern on the show his final week and that they see the show's final week of scripts. Talks for much of the rest of the week went nowhere, and a Saturday New York Post story ran claiming that O'Brien's staff felt "betrayed" by his actions, as they did not understand his refusal to accept the 12:05 timeslot in order to keep their jobs and was driven by egocentric concerns. O'Brien was infuriated by the story, which he assumed to be a direct plant from NBC, as nearly all of his staff agreed that he should leave the network. He was personally appalled that the network challenged his character, as stressing severance for his employees was enormously important to him (he had paid them out of his own pocket during the writers' strike three years earlier).
NBC added more requests, which the O'Brien camp refused as unreasonable, such as the right to pull any of his final shows if the network objected to the content (e.g., a joke about the conflict/NBC). GE chairman Jeffrey Immelt questioned why they were paying so much for a performer destined to run to another network. Negotiations continued into O'Brien's final week; he could not confirm on-air it was indeed his final week of shows, which produced difficulty in booking the guests he desired for his final show. On January 19, multiple media outlets reported that O'Brien and NBC were close to signing a deal between US$30 and US$40 million for the host to walk away from the network. O'Brien signed the agreement that night, and the next day, its terms were made public.
In all, O'Brien received a US$45 million deal to leave NBC. He received pay for the remaining two years of his contract (amounting to US$33 million), with additional payments to Ross, Richter, and bandleader Max Weinberg. The severance pay for his staff was around US$12 million, which O'Brien had stressed. O'Brien paid around fifty stagehands and various crew members at least six weeks severance pay out of his own pocket, as NBC gave those particular staffers nothing in the settlement. The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees said that they were "very happy" with how O'Brien treated their union members during the conflict. The contract contained a clause prohibiting O'Brien from making negative remarks about NBC for a certain amount of time; it did not, however, contain the previously rumored "mitigation clause", in which NBC would be able to keep some of the severance pay after O'Brien found a new network. It stipulated that he could return to television on another network no earlier than September 1, 2010.
Final week
The conflict only provided more comedy material for O'Brien's Tonight Show during its final episodes. Among other bits, O'Brien put the show up for sale on Craigslist, and then himself; looked back at clips from the show's seven-month tenure that were dubbed "Classic Tonight Show Moments"; and designed a bit to seem as though he were spending absurd amounts of NBC's money, such as customizing a Bugatti Veyron, playing audio and video clips with expensive rebroadcast rights, and using a purported "rare ground sloth" to spray Beluga caviar on what was presented as an original Picasso. Because the segments aired in days immediately following the 2010 Haiti earthquake while national fundraising efforts (including some spearheaded by NBC) were ongoing, O'Brien received criticism for wasting resources. In response to the outcry over the expense of these sketches, O'Brien explained that the segments were indeed jokes, and many of the props were either counterfeits or borrowed in exchange for promotional consideration.
The guest roster for O'Brien's final show on January 22—Tom Hanks, Steve Carell and original first guest Will Ferrell—was regarded by O'Brien as a "dream lineup"; in addition, Neil Young performed his song "Long May You Run" and, as the show closed, was joined by O'Brien, Beck, Ferrell (dressed as Ronnie Van Zant), Billy Gibbons, Ben Harper, Viveca Paulin, and The Tonight Show Band to perform the Lynyrd Skynyrd song "Free Bird".
In his final moments on air, O'Brien stated that between Saturday Night Live, Late Night and The Tonight Show, he had worked for NBC for over twenty years, and he was "enormously proud of the work [they] have done together". He then thanked NBC for the first time since announcing his intention to quit. O'Brien said his decision to quit as host was "the hardest thing [he] ever had to do". He praised and gave thanks to his staff, and thanked his fans for their overwhelming support. He ended the show by offering heartfelt advice to his viewers in his farewell address, stating:
All I ask of you is one thing ... I ask this particularly of the young people who watch. Please don't be cynical. I hate cynicism. For the record, it's my least favorite quality and it doesn't lead anywhere. Nobody in life gets exactly what they thought they were going to get. But if you work really hard and you're kind, amazing things will happen. I'm telling you, amazing things will happen.
Following the taping, the studio set was used one final time for a party thrown by staff. O'Brien's monologue spot from the floor was framed and signed by his staff as a gift. 10.3 million people watched the final episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien, a notably high number for live late-night viewing and on a Friday night. The final episode scored a 7.0 household rating and a 4.4 rating in the 18–49 demo. Not only did O'Brien's final show beat all late night competition, it outscored all prime time shows in the 18–49 demo from that night and the night before. The network confirmed that Leno would officially resume as host of The Tonight Show on March 1, and reruns from O'Brien's time as host aired until NBC began airing the Winter Olympics on February 15.
Leno's first Tonight Show back pulled in 6.6 million viewers, and his margin over Letterman again held for much of the rest of his run until his second Tonight Show departure in 2014. While his numbers were down from his original incarnation of The Tonight Show, "It's as if a collective erase button was pushed", said Robert Thompson, professor of television at Syracuse University, "with the usual suspects back in their usual locations—except Conan is gone."
Impact
According to NBC, if O'Brien continued hosting, it would have been the first year that The Tonight Show would have actually lost money, which Leno later contended was damaging to the franchise. This assertion was scorned by skeptical critics, as it was calculated that Conan's Tonight Show would have made significantly more money in advertising than Leno's show did, due to his more favorable youth demographic numbers. In addition, higher production costs and higher salaries would have by all accounts made Leno's Tonight Show more costly. O'Brien and Ross also challenged this notion, concluding that to arrive at such a calculation, NBC must have included the cost of building the new studio and offices, as well as startup costs. At NBC, most young employees tended to support O'Brien and joined the "I'm with Coco" Facebook groups; NBC later asked all employees to rescind their membership in any O'Brien-supporting pages. Similar action came when NBC removed reruns of O'Brien's The Tonight Show from NBC.com and Hulu.
Gaspin was happy with the settlement, but nevertheless agreed with one of O'Brien's points—that his show had no time to grow: "Could it have grown? Absolutely ... We just couldn't give him the time." Zucker, in an interview with Charlie Rose, defended his strategy but noted that both moving Leno to primetime and giving O'Brien the Tonight Show was a mistake. In addition, he stated that he received death threats due his role in the conflict. Zucker, who had known O'Brien since their days at Harvard University and was very close friends with Ross, was very disappointed with how events played out, although he viewed it as necessary. Leno, in an attempt to repair his public perception, granted an interview to Oprah Winfrey on January 25; he stripped himself of any blame for O'Brien's disappointment, noting that it was all about ratings, and also confirmed that he told a "white lie" in 2004 when he guaranteed The Tonight Show to O'Brien. In a reference to a 2007 Super Bowl commercial starring Letterman and Winfrey (the two had feuded for years prior), Letterman, Leno, and Winfrey all appeared in a spot airing during Super Bowl XLIV in February 2010. The ad—Letterman's idea—was the first time the late-night hosts had met since their own 1992 debacle. In it, Letterman and Leno sit on opposite sides of Winfrey watching the game; Letterman deems it "the worst Super Bowl party ever" due to Leno's inclusion, and Winfrey tells him to "be nice", resulting in Leno quipping, "Oh, he's just saying that 'cause I'm here." The clip stirred a frenzy, with commentators speculating that Leno had been "green-screened" into the picture.
Letterman had initially wanted O'Brien to be in the promo as well, but O'Brien firmly rejected it, saying, "No fucking way I'm doing that. It's not a joke to me—it's real." O'Brien was sure his agreement prohibited television appearances for several months, but gathered NBC would be only too happy to allow him a one-time reprieve for the ad, as it was to improve Leno's image. O'Brien, by this point, was planning a live tour with his staff that would take him on the road, and had also created a Twitter account. After about one hour online, O'Brien's number of Twitter followers had rocketed past the 30,000 followers of the official Jay Leno account, and he held over 300,000 followers in under 24 hours; he surpassed the one million mark in May 2010. Many speculated that O'Brien would sign a deal with Fox for a late-night program; Comedy Central and HBO had also expressed interest in O'Brien. Fox's deal moved slowly and they eventually withdrew their offer due to station resistance, the daunting financial investment, and opposition from Roger Ailes.
O'Brien eventually signed with cable network TBS in April, with his next program, Conan, set to debut in November. The move prompted industry surprise; online blog Vulture commented that, "Conan will now be featured as a lead-in for Lopez Tonight on TBS. It's not just basic cable, it's unsexy basic cable." His nationwide comedy tour, The Legally Prohibited from Being Funny on Television Tour, began on April 12 and ran through June 14. A documentary shot during that time, Conan O'Brien Can't Stop, as well as a May 60 Minutes interview, prompted some observers to deem him "whiny". Vanity Fair James Wolcott said O'Brien "came off as a peevish straw of nervous energy ... a self-involved chatterbox."
As NBC could have potentially retained intellectual property originating from O'Brien's entire seventeen-year tenure with the network, O'Brien simply changed names on the tour (turning his character, the Masturbating Bear, into the "Self-Pleasuring Panda"). The Washington Post later reported that retaining the characters was "not a key issue for O'Brien".
Aftermath
Conan premiered in November 2010 to 4 million viewers, leading all late-night talk shows and more than tripling the audience of its direct competition, The Daily Show and The Colbert Report on Comedy Central. However, ratings quickly fell; by the following fall, the show averaged 1 million viewers in the 18–49 demographic. In an effort to bolster ratings, TBS secured the cable syndication rights to The Big Bang Theory at a reported US$2 million per episode to serve as a lead-in to Conan three nights a week. Steve Koonin of Turner Entertainment stated in 2012 that Conan is the "centerpiece of TBS". The Hollywood Reporter credited it with forging "a digital empire, his company's own shows and a young audience TBS hopes will follow him anywhere." TBS announced in May 2017 they renewed the show through 2022. However, despite the show renewal, it was announced in November 2020 that the show would end in June 2021, with O'Brien producing a weekly variety show for HBO Max. His final show aired on June 24, 2021, with a montage of clips from his shows along with an extended farewell monologue.
Many of the executives involved in the botched transition subsequently left NBC. Zucker was fired by Comcast Executive Vice President Steve Burke, but he stressed that Comcast's insistence to install their own team was the reason. West Coast business operations executive Marc Graboff opted to leave his contract early, as did programming executive Jeff Gaspin. While O'Brien admitted in 2012 that he occasionally still felt resentment over the events that transpired, he noted that "I had an amazing partnership with NBC and was very disappointed at the outcome". In a 2010 issue of TV Guide, the timeslot conflict ranked No. 1 on a list of TV's biggest "blunders".
A wax likeness of O'Brien that had been commissioned by NBC Universal from Madame Tussauds and unveiled during a December 2009 episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien was quietly returned to the Madame Tussauds museum on Hollywood Boulevard. The figure had originally been intended to permanently reside in the "NBC Universal Experience" theme park attraction. A remote segment produced a few months into O'Brien's TBS show saw the host humorously reuniting with the wax statue.
On October 5, 2011, O'Brien returned to 30 Rockefeller Plaza for a surprise, scripted appearance on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon to ceremonially retrieve the Triumph the Insult Comic Dog puppet from the studio after NBC had finally granted him the rights to use the character on TBS's Conan. During the two-and-a-half minute bit, O'Brien and Fallon joked about the controversy when Fallon said, "You were [host of Late Night] for sixteen years. Then what happened?" to which O'Brien laughed and said, "Don't you worry about that. You're a young guy."
During his 2012 appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman, O'Brien made it clear that he held no animosity toward NBC, pointing out that the individual executives he clashed with had departed the network shortly after he did due to a regime change. Indeed, O'Brien would occasionally show clips from his NBC shows on his TBS program with NBC's permission, and the network also allowed the character of Triumph the Insult Comic Dog to appear on the TBS show as well, with Triumph's performer Robert Smigel explaining that NBC only stands to gain by allowing him to give their property exposure. In an interview on CNN's Piers Morgan Live, also in 2012, O'Brien acknowledged that in retrospect the plan to engineer a transition for The Tonight Show five years in advance was "absurd," though he noted that he never anticipated Leno's ratings would fall in that interim, as the press had sometimes intimated, and he pointed out that all previous Tonight Show hosts had departed when they were on top in the ratings.
In 2013, O'Brien was the headline performer invited to give remarks at the White House Correspondents' Dinner, and the Tonight Show controversy was humorously alluded to throughout the evening. During his own speech, President Barack Obama quipped, "I understand that when the Correspondents' Association was considering Conan for this gig, they were faced with that age-old dilemma: Do you offer it to him now, or wait for five years and then give it to Jimmy Fallon?" Later that year, O'Brien was chosen to host Carson on TCM, a series that re-aired classic interviews from The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.
In 2014, Leno was interviewed for a 60 Minutes episode that focused on the host's second and permanent departure from The Tonight Show desk. Leno expressed to Steve Kroft that he had been "blindsided" in 2004 when NBC executives asked him to relinquish The Tonight Show in five years' time, though he admitted that he had accepted the decision with no argument or inquiry. During a 2015 interview with Howard Stern, O'Brien explained that he prefers to avoid talking about the "craziness," stating that people in show business shouldn't complain. He also claimed that even in hindsight he does not regret doing five more years of Late Night instead of moving to Fox, nor does he regret his incarnation of The Tonight Show.
Leno hosted his second reincarnation of The Tonight Show until February 2014, when Jimmy Fallon took over the hosting duties. Fallon's credibility with younger viewers and presence online was why NBC instituted the change, which was announced only three years following O'Brien's departure. During the show that aired the day of the announcement, O'Brien congratulated Fallon, stating, "Jimmy is the perfect guy to do it, and he's gonna do a fantastic job." Though NBC had made a considerable effort to scrub any references to O'Brien's brief tenure as The Tonight Show host both on-air and online, with one former blogger for NBC Sports noting a corporate policy banning any mention of O'Brien, it was acknowledged by the network during the buildup to the 2014 transition from Leno to Fallon. A brief shot of O'Brien walking onto his Tonight set was displayed in an on-air promo chronicling the franchise's history, and Fallon referenced the conflict on his first Tonight Show episode, when he opened the show by joking:
I'm Jimmy Fallon, and I'll be your host—for now. Of course, I wouldn't be here tonight if it weren't for the previous Tonight Show hosts, so I want to say thank you to Steve Allen, Jack Paar, Johnny Carson, Jay Leno, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.
Leno appeared on The Arsenio Hall Show on February 26, 2014, as a surprise guest to deliver the news that the revived program had been renewed by CBS Television Distribution for a second season. This proved to be premature, however, as Hall's program was indeed canceled on May 30, 2014.
Comedian Bill Maher paid tribute to Leno when he was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame, an honor bestowed upon the host in 2014 when he stepped down from The Tonight Show a second time. A longtime friend of Leno, Maher complained that Leno was "victimized" by the press during the NBC fiasco. When he took over Tonight, Fallon insisted that Leno is welcome to appear on the show anytime he wishes, saying, "Whenever he wants, he's got a stage." Leno made his first appearance as a guest on November 7, 2014, and later appeared on Late Night with Seth Meyers and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson.
On February 13, 2015, Robert Smigel appeared in character as Triumph the Insult Comic Dog on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon to promote The Jack and Triumph Show. As the controversy grew distant with time, formal acknowledgement of O'Brien's lengthy career at NBC became more common by the network. In 2017, mention was made of the host in NBC's 90th Anniversary Special, and a display for him among all Tonight Show hosts appears in the ride queue of the Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon theme park attraction at Universal Studios Florida.
In conjunction with his 25th anniversary as a late-night host, it was announced that O'Brien, TBS and NBC had come to an arrangement that would allow the entirety of O'Brien's late night archive (with the exception of musical performances, which posed music licensing issues), totaling over four thousand episodes, to become available in January 2019 via a state-of-the-art website dubbed "Conan 25". The launch would have marked the first time O'Brien's NBC programs were made legally available since The Tonight Show conflict. On June 15, 2021, in one of the final episodes of Conan, guest Martin Short alluded to the controversy by asking O'Brien if his to-be-announced guest for the final week was going to be Leno. After a surprised reaction from the audience and laughter from O'Brien and Richter, O'Brien jokingly responds that they asked Leno, but he wouldn't pick up the phone.
See also
1992 Tonight Show conflict
The War for Late Night, a book by Bill Carter about the conflict
References
Sources
2010 in American television
Conan O'Brien
David Letterman
Jay Leno
Jimmy Fallon
National Broadcasting Company
Television controversies in the United States
Tonight Show |
In software development, a polyfill is code that implements a feature of the development environment that does not natively support the feature. Most often, it refers to a JavaScript library that implements an HTML5 or CSS web standard, either an established standard (supported by some browsers) on older browsers, or a proposed standard (not supported by any browsers) on existing browsers. Polyfills are also used in PHP and Python. Formally, "a polyfill is a shim for a browser API."
Polyfills allow web developers to use an API regardless of whether or not it is supported by a browser, and usually with minimal overhead. Typically they first check if a browser supports an API, and use it if available, otherwise using their own implementation. Polyfills themselves use other, more supported features, and thus different polyfills may be needed for different browsers. The term is also used as a verb: polyfilling is providing a polyfill for a feature.
Definition
The term is a neologism, coined by Remy Sharp, who required a word that meant "replicate an API using JavaScript (or Flash or whatever) if the browser doesn’t have it natively" while co-writing the book Introducing HTML5 in 2009. Formally, "a shim is a library that brings a new API to an older environment, using only the means of that environment." Polyfills exactly fit this definition; the term shim was also used for early polyfills. However, to Sharp shim connoted non-transparent APIs and workarounds, such as spacer GIFs for layout, sometimes known as shim.gif, and similar terms such as progressive enhancement and graceful degradation were not appropriate, so he invented a new term. The term is based on the multipurpose filling paste brand Polyfilla, a paste used to cover up cracks and holes in walls, and the meaning "fill in holes (in functionality) in many (poly-) ways." The word has since gained popularity, particularly due to its use by Paul Irish and in Modernizr documentation.
The distinction that Sharp makes is:
This distinction is not drawn by other authors. At times various other distinctions are drawn between shims, polyfills, and fallbacks, but there are no generally accepted distinctions: most consider polyfills a form of shim. The term polyfiller is also occasionally found.
Examples
core-js
core-js is one of the most popular JavaScript standard library polyfill. Includes polyfills for ECMAScript up to the latest version of the standard: promises, symbols, collections, iterators, typed arrays, many other features, ECMAScript proposals, some cross-platform WHATWG / W3C features and proposals like URL. You can load only required features or use it without global namespace pollution. It can be integrated with Babel, which allows it to automatically inject required core-js modules into your code.
HTML5 Shiv
In IE versions prior to 9, unknown HTML elements like and would be parsed as empty elements, breaking the page's nesting structure and making those elements impossible to style using CSS. One of the most widely used polyfills, html5shiv, exploits another quirk of IE to work around this bug: calling document.createElement("tagname") for each of the new HTML5 elements, which causes IE to parse them correctly. It also includes basic default styling for those HTML5 elements.
-prefix-free
Though most polyfills target out-of-date browsers, some exist to simply push modern browsers forward a little bit more. Lea Verou's -prefix-free polyfill is such a polyfill, allowing current browsers to recognise the unprefixed versions of several CSS3 properties instead of requiring the developer to write out all the vendor prefixes. It reads the page's stylesheets and replaces any unprefixed properties with their prefixed counterparts recognised by the current browser.
Selectivizr
Keith Clark's Selectivizr is a popular polyfill that makes many CSS3 selectors work in IE 8 and below. It reads the page's stylesheets looking for a number of known CSS3 selectors, then uses a JavaScript selector library to query the document for elements matching those selectors, applying the styles directly to those elements. It supports several JavaScript selector libraries such as jQuery.
Flexie
Possibly one of the most anticipated features of CSS3, Flexible Box Layout (a.k.a. Flexbox) promises to be an extremely powerful tool for laying out interface elements. WebKit and Mozilla engines have supported a preliminary draft syntax for years. Flexie implements support for that same syntax in IE and Opera. However, the draft spec has undergone a drastic revision to a new (and much more powerful) syntax, which is not yet supported by Flexie. Flexie can still be used along with the old syntax, but the developer must make sure they include the new syntax for future browsers as well.
CSS3 PIE
PIE ("Progressive Internet Explorer") implements some of the most popular missing CSS3 box decoration properties in IE, including border-radius and box-shadow for IE 8 and below, and linear-gradient backgrounds for IE 9 and below. Invoked as a HTC behavior (a proprietary IE feature), it looks for the unsupported CSS3 properties on specific elements and renders those properties using VML for IE 6–8 and SVG for IE 9. Its rendering is mostly indistinguishable from native browser implementations and it handles dynamic DOM modification well.
JSON 2
Douglas Crockford originally wrote json2.js as an API for reading and writing his (then up-and-coming) JSON data format. It became so widely used that browser vendors decided to implement its API natively and turn it into a de facto standard; Since json2.js now implements features native to newer browsers into older browsers, it has become a polyfill instead of a library.
es5-shim
ECMAScript 5th Edition ("ES5") brings some useful new scripting features, and since they're syntactically compatible with older JavaScript engines they can mostly be polyfilled by patching methods onto built-in JS objects. This es5-shim polyfill does it in two parts: es5-shim.js contains those methods that can be fully polyfilled, and es5-sham.js contains partial implementations of the other methods which rely too much on the underlying engine to work accurately.
FlashCanvas
FlashCanvas is an implementation of the HTML5 Canvas API using an Adobe Flash plug-in. A rare commercial polyfill, it comes in a paid version, as well as a free version, which lacks a few advanced features like shadows.
MediaElement.js
John Dyer's MediaElement.js polyfills support for <video> and <audio> elements, including the HTML5 MediaElement API, in older browsers using Flash or Silverlight plug-ins. It also provides an optional media player UI for those elements, which is consistent across all browsers.
BrowserID
Authentication protocol proposed by Mozilla, failed to gain traction.
Webshims Lib
Alexander Farkas's Webshims Lib aggregates many other polyfills together into a single package and conditionally loads only those needed by the visiting browser.
Hyphenopoly.js
Hyphenopoly.js enables automatic hyphenation if it is not already supported by the browser for the respective document language.
See also
Adapter pattern
Shim (computing)
Wrapper library
Adaptive web design
Backwards compatibility
Notes
References
External links
Compatibility layers
Web browsers
Responsive web design
Web design
Web development |
The 2002 United States Senate election in Texas was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Phil Gramm decided to retire, instead of seeking a fourth term. State Attorney General Republican John Cornyn won the open seat. This was the first open-seat election since 1984.
Democratic primary
Ron Kirk, Mayor of Dallas
Victor Morales, Teacher, Navy Veteran, 1996 Senate nominee
Ken Bentsen Jr., U.S. representative, nephew of former US Senator Lloyd Bentsen
Primary
Source: OurCampaigns.com, TX US Senate - D Primary
Runoff
Source: OurCampaigns.com, TX US Senate - D Runoff
Republican primary
John Cornyn, Attorney General of Texas
Primary
Source: OurCampaigns.com, TX US Senate - R Primary
General election
Campaign
Despite the fact that Texas is a red state, Kirk ran on a socially progressive platform: supporting abortion rights and opposing Bush judicial nominee Priscilla Richman, although Kirk was a former George W. Bush supporter. He also supported increases in defense spending, such as Bush's proposed $48 billion increase in military spending, except for the money Bush wanted to use for missile defense. Kirk had the support of former Governor Ann Richards and former U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
Cornyn was criticized for taking campaign money from Enron and other controversial companies. And although other Democrats have seized on the issue, Kirk is well-entrenched in the Dallas business community, and his wife resigned from two private-sector jobs that created potential conflicts of interest for Kirk while he was mayor.
An October Dallas Morning News poll had Cornyn leading 47% to 37%. A record $18 million was spent in the election.
Debates
Complete video of debate, October 18, 2002
Complete video of debate, October 23, 2002
Predictions
Polling
Results
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
Atascosa (Largest city: Pleasanton)
Bastrop (Largest city: Elgin)
Brewster (Largest city: Alpine)
Cottle (Largest city: Paducah)
Fannin (Largest city: Bonham)
Galveston (Largest city: Galveston)
Knox (Largest city: Munday)
Milam (Largest city: Rockdale)
Palo Pinto (Largest city: Mineral Wells)
Red River (Largest city: Clarksville)
Stonewall (Largest city: Aspermont)
Trinity (Largest city: Trinity)
Waller (Largest city: Hempstead)
Robertson (Largest city: Hearne)
Bexar (largest city: San Antonio)
Calhoun (largest city: Port Lavaca)
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
Pecos (Largest city: Fort Stockton)
San Augustine (Largest city: San Augustine)
San Patricio (Largest city: Portland)
Hudspeth (Largest city: Fort Hancock)
Refugio (Largest city: Refugio)
Dallas (largest city: Dallas)
See also
2002 United States Senate election
Notes
References
United States Senate
Texas
2002 |
Aşağıaşıklar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Akseki, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 41 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Akseki District |
Alex Jacques René Dupont (30 June 1954 – 1 August 2020) was a French professional football player and manager.
Playing career
Dupont played as a midfielder for Dunkerque and Hazebrouck.
Managerial career
He managed Dunkerque, Charleville, Boulogne, Gueugnon, with whom he won the Coupe de la Ligue in 2000, Sedan, Laval and Amiens. He replaced Gérald Baticle as manager of Brest in 2009.
On 26 April 2012, he was sacked as Brest manager after just five games before the end of the season, bringing in Corentin Martins as interim manager.
On 22 June 2012, Dupont was named as head coach of Ligue 1 side Ajaccio. He was sacked on 17 December 2012.
He returned to manage Brest in 2013. At the end of the 2015–16 Ligue 2 season, the club did not renew his contract.
Death
Dupont died from cardiac arrest on 1 August 2020.
Honours
Gueugnon
Coupe de la Ligue: 1999–2000
Individual
Ligue 2 Manager of the Year: 2009–10
References
1954 births
2020 deaths
Sportspeople from Dunkirk
Footballers from Nord (French department)
Men's association football midfielders
French men's footballers
French football managers
USL Dunkerque players
SC Hazebrouck players
Ligue 2 players
US Boulogne managers
FC Gueugnon managers
CS Sedan Ardennes managers
Stade Lavallois managers
Stade Brestois 29 managers
AC Ajaccio managers
Ligue 1 managers
Ligue 2 managers
Amiens SC managers
OFC Charleville managers
USL Dunkerque managers
French expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
French expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates |
Bombylius canescens, (commonly known as the western bee-fly) is a species of bee-fly belonging to the family Bombyliidae.
Bombylius canescens is a Palearctic species with limited distribution in Europe, usually found in arid to semi-arid habitats.
Taxonomy
Bombylius fugax, Bombylius cinerascens and Bombylius minor are sometimes considered synonyms of B.canescens, rather than distinct species.
Description
Adult flies in the family Bombyliidae may have short or long proboscides. Variation in proboscides length is often seen at the subfamily level. B.canescens is a Bombyliid fly of the long-proboscis variety. Specimens collected in Italy had proboscis of lengths within the range of 7-9 mm. The proboscis of Bombyliid flies are not retractable.
The species has pale tawny hairs, and has wings with the base and foremargin that are light brown. Black hair protrudes from the sides of the face and a cross-band under the antenna. The head possesses numerous long black hairs behind the eyes. The thorax does not have any black hairs between the humeri and the base of the wings. The femora is mainly black".
Distribution
A general description of the range of B.canescens from 1796 includes countries across the Southern belt of Western, Central and Eastern Europe. Further sources include observe the fly in Malta, Jordan, Spain, Ireland, Turkey, Austria, Italy, Wales, and England.
Life history
Bombylius fly larvae are ectoparasitoids that parasitise other insect larvae. B.canescens larvae parasitise the larvae of ground-nesting bees.
Adult B.canescens are more commonly observed in the early spring, when adult activity coincides with nest initiation of host species.
Food resources
In contrast to the parasitic larvae, adult B. canescens are anthophilic and only feed on flowers. Adult B. canescens are capable of digesting pollen as well as nectar. The larval stage is the only point at which proteinaceous feeding occurs, where the larvae parasitize/predate larval bees.
In Spain, adults have been observed visiting and pollinating Petrocoptis grandiflora.
Currently, researchers have been unable to isolate a specific type of flower or plant that is exclusively pollinated by bee-flies; however, observations of B.canescens from Central Europe and Italy recorded visits by adults to the following flowers:
Family Asteraceae
Arnica montana
Hieracium pilosella
Family Crassulaceae
Sempervivum arachnoideum
Family Caprifoliaceae
Knautia drymeia
Family Hypericaceae
Hypericum perforatum
Family Primulaceae
Primula farinosa
Family Scrophulariaceae
Euphrasia officinalis
Veronica saxatilis
Parental care
Dissection studies have revealed that females with mature oocytes in their ovaries and females with oocytes in the stage of vitellogenesis have strongly dilated crops.
Adult B.canescens are found among parasitic guilds, which include other Bombyliidae flies at aggregations of bee nests. The flies hover over bee nests to position themselves for oviposition. Females achieve oviposition into bee nests by a sudden jerk or flick of the abdomen. The mobile parasitic larvae that are oviposited into the nest initially feed on provisions meant for bee larvae, then hypermetamorphosise into carnivores.
Interactions with other species
Bombylius canescens have been observed targeting bees as host species across the Lasioglossum, Andrena, Halictus and Odynerus genera. Adults have also been observed searching for nests of Panurgus banksianus, a potential host species.
Physiology
Bombylius canescens specimens were studied in a study of cranial physiology done on Brachycera flies. Observations from the specimen guided the conclusion that the mushroom body calyx is well developed in flies of the order Bombyliidae.
Conservation
Bombylius canescens has not been assigned a threat rating by the IUCN.
References
Bombyliidae
Insects described in 1796
Asilomorph flies of Europe
Taxa named by Johann Christian Mikan |
The Kenney Ministry was the combined Cabinet (called Executive Council of Alberta), chaired by 18th Premier of Alberta Jason Kenney, that governed Alberta from April 2019 until October 2022.
During Kenney's tenure, the Executive Council (commonly known as the Cabinet) was made up of members of the United Conservative Party, which held a majority of the seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. The Cabinet was appointed by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta, Lois Mitchell, on the advice of the premier.
In September 2022, the United Conservative Party board announced a leadership review would take place at the Party's annual general meeting in April 2022, ahead of the previous plans for a leadership review to take place in Fall 2022. In March 2022, the United Conservative Party changed the format for the leadership review, moving to a mail-in ballot beginning in April 2022, with results to be announced on May 18, 2022.
On May 18, 2022, after receiving support from 51.4 per cent of the United Conservative Party members, Kenney announced he would step down as leader of the United Conservative Party. The United Conservative Party caucus met on May 19, 2022, and caucus chair Nathan Neudorf released a statement affirming that Kenney would remain as leader of the party until a new leader is elected. Kenney subsequently sent a letter to the party secretary informing her of his intention to resign as leader of the party after a new leader is elected.
Danielle Smith was selected as the leader of the United Conservative Party in the October 2022 United Conservative Party leadership election, and was sworn in as the 19th Premier of Alberta on October 11, 2022. Smith appointed a new ministry one week later.
List of members of the Ministry of Jason Kenney
Associate Ministers
Cabinet shuffles
On August 25, 2020, Doug Schweitzer moved from the Department of Justice to a newly formed ministry—Jobs, Economy and Innovation. The new ministry—Jobs, Economy and Innovation replaced the ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Tourism the former Economic Development, Trade and Tourism ministries. Kaycee Madu replaced Schweitzer as Minister of Justice. Tracy Allard became the Minister of Municipal Affairs.
On July 8, 2021, Premier Kenney announced a major cabinet shuffle, moving Rajan Sawhney from Community and Social Services to Transportation; promoting Jason Luan to Community and Social Services; permanently moving Ric McIver to Municipal Affairs; promoting Ron Orr to Culture; dropping Grant Hunter and Leela Aheer from cabinet roles; and adding Nate Horner as Associate Minister of Rural Economic Development, and Mike Ellis as Associate Minister of Mental Health and Addictions.
See also
Executive Council of Alberta
List of Alberta provincial ministers
References
External links
Kenney cabinet
Politics of Alberta
Executive Council of Alberta
2019 establishments in Alberta
Cabinets established in 2019
2022 disestablishments in Alberta
Cabinets disestablished in 2022
2019 in Canadian politics
2020 in Canadian politics
2021 in Canadian politics
2022 in Canadian politics |
Devotion: The Best of Yanni is a compilation album by keyboardist and composer Yanni, released on the Private Music label in 1997. The album peaked at #1 on Billboard's "Top New Age Albums" chart and at #42 on the "Billboard 200" chart in the same year.
Content
Nine of this compilation's fifteen tracks are from two of Yanni's quieter recordings, Dare to Dream in 1992 and delicate In My Time in 1993. Those selections, intermingled with an assortment of the keyboard player's more dynamic works ("Santorini" and "Within Attraction") create a generally satisfying survey of Yanni's first seven albums (Niki Nana and Optimystique are not represented here). The CD's packaging claims that this is the best of Yanni and the album does offer a decent overview of his work, with a tilt toward his gentler side. "The End of August" and "Marching Season" are presented as performed in concert on the album Live at the Acropolis.
Critical reception
In a review by Jonathan Widran of AllMusic, "For a time in the mid-'90s, Private Music was issuing Yanni samplers on a regular basis, prompting the casual fan to wonder if the love-him-or-hate-him new age phenomenon had ever indeed released a real studio album before. A lot of the anti-Yanni sentiment comes not from people who've heard the bulk of his material, but those who simply reject the idea of simply stated, pretty, top-down music as bad for some reason. It never gets too deep, but the same could be said of a lot of pop music. For those new to the Yanni experience, this disc is a good place to start."
Track listing
Production
Art Direction: Sonny Mediana
Design: Jackie Salway
Photography: Lynn Goldsmith
(Production as described on the CD liner notes.)
Certifications
References
External links
Official Website
Yanni albums
1997 compilation albums |
|}
The Tattersalls Ireland Novice Hurdle is a Grade 1 National Hunt hurdle race in Ireland which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of about 2 miles (3,219 metres), and during its running there are nine hurdles to be jumped. The race is for novice hurdlers, and it is scheduled to take place each year in February.
The race was established in 1987, and during its early years it was sponsored by Paddy Power and Le Coq Hardi. Deloitte, supported the event from 1992 to 2017. The race continued as the Deloitte and Touche Novice Hurdle until 2003, and was known as the Deloitte Novice Hurdle from 2004 to 2018. From 2019 to 2021 the race was sponsored by the Chanelle Pharmaceutical Group and since 2022 it has been sponsored by Tattersalls. Prior to 2018 it was run over a distance of 2 miles and 2 furlongs.
Winners of the Tattersalls Ireland Novice Hurdle usually go on to compete in either the Supreme Novices' Hurdle or the Ballymore Novices' Hurdle. Those to have also achieved victory in one of those races are Danoli, Istabraq, Like-A-Butterfly, Brave Inca, Champagne Fever, Vautour, Samcro and Appreciate It.
Records
Leading jockey (6 wins):
Paul Carberry – Bolino Star (1996), Native Estates (1998), Solerina (2003), Mr Nosie (2006), Aran Concerto (2007), Pandorama (2009)
Leading trainer (11 wins):
Willie Mullins - Alexander Banquet (1999), Champagne Fever (2013), Vautour (2014), Nichols Canyon (2015), Bleu Et Rouge (2016), Bacardys (2017), Klassical Dream (2019), Asterion Forlonge (2020), Appreciate It (2021), Sir Gerhard (2022), Il Etait Temps (2023)
Winners
See also
Horse racing in Ireland
List of Irish National Hunt races
References
Racing Post:
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
pedigreequery.com – Deloitte Novice Hurdle – Leopardstown.
National Hunt races in Ireland
National Hunt hurdle races
Leopardstown Racecourse
Recurring sporting events established in 1987
1987 establishments in Ireland |
James Peter Lawson (born 21 January 1987) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward.
Lawson made 26 first team appearances in the Football League for Southend United as well as spending time on loan at Grimsby Town and AFC Bournemouth.
Club career
Lawson began his career with Southend United, scoring within 10 minutes on his debut against Oldham Athletic in September 2005. He scored two goals in four starts before suffering a slight injury, and was given his first professional contract until the end of the 2006–07 season. He made 26 league and cup appearances for Southend in the 2005–06 season.
He was unable to establish himself in the first team at the beginning of the 2006–07 season and joined League Two side Grimsby Town in September 2006 on a one-month loan. He made only one appearance as a substitute and was recalled by Southend with manager Steve Tilson explaining, "James was there for two matches and only played about 20 minutes We wanted him to get games and that wasn't happening, so he has come back to us now." Lawson was still unable to break into the first team, being behind Freddy Eastwood, Matt Harrold, Lee Bradbury and Gary Hooper for a place in the team, and joined AFC Bournemouth in January 2007 on a month's loan, where he started two games and came on as substitute in two games. He was then loaned to Dagenham & Redbridge in February 2007 for one-month, where he made three substitute appearances.
Lawson was released by Southend and joined Grays Athletic on a one-year contract in August 2007. He made nine league appearances without scoring for Grays and was transfer listed before joining Isthmian Premier club Chelmsford City on loan in October 2007. The move was made permanent in January 2008. He joined Welling United in June 2009.
At the start of the 2010–11 season, Lawson signed for Isthmian League Premier Division club Concord Rangers.
Personal life
Lawson retired through injury in 2013, he later became a fully qualified electrician. He lives in Basildon with his family.
References
External links
Living people
1987 births
Footballers from Basildon
English men's footballers
Southend United F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Grays Athletic F.C. players
Chelmsford City F.C. players
Welling United F.C. players
Concord Rangers F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Isthmian League players
Men's association football wingers |
"Life as We Knew It" is a song written by Walter Carter and Fred Koller, and recorded by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in November 1988 as the fourth single from the album Untasted Honey. The song reached #4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.
Chart performance
Year-end charts
References
1989 singles
Kathy Mattea songs
Songs written by Fred Koller
Song recordings produced by Allen Reynolds
Mercury Records singles
1988 songs |
Hilarigona polita is a species of dance flies, in the fly family Empididae.
References
Empididae
Insects described in 1909
Diptera of South America |
The Days of Yore is a British play by Richard Cumberland. It was first staged at the Covent Garden Theatre on 13 January 1796. The work is set in the Anglo-Saxon era. The work was possibly influenced by Horace Walpole's gothic novel The Mysterious Mother. It ran for five performances.
References
Bibliography
Chew, Samuel C. & Altick, Richard Daniel. A Literary History of England, Volume IV: The Nineteenth Century and After. Meredith Publishing Company, 1967.
Frank, Frederick S (ed.). The Castle of Otranto and The Mysterious Mother. Broadview Press, 2003.
Watson, George. ''The New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 2, 1660-1800. Cambridge University Press, 1971.
Plays by Richard Cumberland
1796 plays
West End plays
Plays set in the Middle Ages
Plays set in England |
A suicide mission is a task which is so dangerous for the people involved that they are not expected to survive. The term is sometimes extended to include suicide attacks such as kamikaze and suicide bombings, whose perpetrators actively die by suicide during the execution of the mission.
Distinctions
The risks involved with suicide missions are not always apparent to those participating in them or to those who plan them. However, for an action to be considered a suicide mission someone involved must be aware of the risks; therefore, a mission that goes wrong is not a suicide mission. Rather, in some instances, an individual or group taking part in a mission may perceive the risks involved to be far greater than what they believe to be acceptable, while those planning or commanding the mission may think otherwise; these situations can lead to refusals to participate in missions on the basis that they are "suicide missions". Conversely, planners or commanders may be well aware of the risks involved with missions while those participating in them may not.
Military and wartime
In a military context, soldiers can be ordered to perform very dangerous tasks or can undertake them on their initiative. For example, in the First World War, French soldiers mutinied en masse in 1917, after appalling losses convinced them that their participation at the front would inevitably lead to their deaths, and in October 2004, during the Iraq War, 17 soldiers in the US Army refused orders to drive unarmored fuel trucks near Baghdad, calling the task a "suicide mission". Those soldiers faced investigations for breakdown of discipline.
At the same time, many individuals or groups voluntarily undertake suicide missions in times of war. For example, both the Waffen SS and the Imperial Japanese Army were known for executing what could be labeled as suicide missions throughout the Second World War.
Suicide missions can also be an act of desperation, such as a last stand, or to save lives. The latter end of the Battle of Stalingrad could be seen as a suicide mission from the German perspective, as they were ordered to fight to the death with no option of surrendering nor the chance of escape.
Special forces
Special forces units are often sent on missions that are exceedingly dangerous with the hope that their superior training and abilities will allow them to complete them successfully and survive. An example is a desperate attempt by two U.S. Delta Force snipers to protect a downed helicopter pilot (Michael Durant) from being killed or captured by masses of Somali militia during the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993. While the sniper team held off overwhelming numbers of Somalis long enough for the pilot to survive, both snipers were killed, and the pilot was eventually captured but then later released.
However, even special forces groups refuse to participate in some missions. Operation Mikado, a plan for a Special Air Service raid on Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, during the 1982 Falklands War, was ultimately not executed due in part to significant hostility from members of the SAS, who saw the mission as exceedingly risky.
Armed hostage takings
Armed hostage takings, particularly those planned (e.g., by a terrorist group) for political purposes, could be considered suicide missions. As most governments have a policy of refusing to negotiate with terrorists, such incidents usually end with a bloody confrontation between the hostage-takers and an armed force (e.g., police or military) attempting to free the hostages. Also, such hostage-takings often occur in a country foreign to the perpetrators, thereby limiting their chances of escape. Notable examples include the 1972 Munich massacre, the 1977 Landshut hijacking, the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege, the 1996 Japanese embassy hostage crisis, and the 2004 Beslan school hostage crisis. All of these high-profile hostage-takings ended with the hostage-takers being engaged by the military forces of the country in which the incident occurred, with the vast majority of the hostage-takers being killed in the aftermath. The extent to which the hostage-takers in each incident expected to survive or simply desired to capitalize on their publicity to send a message is a matter of speculation.
See also
Forlorn hope
Green Light Teams
Seppuku, also known as Harakiri
Kaiten
Kamikaze
Suicide Squad - a fictional espionage group in DC Comics who are sent on suicide missions
Suicide Mission (Mass Effect 2) - the final level of Mass Effect 2
References
Military operations by type
Mission |
MGW may refer to:
Maguwo railway station, Indonesia (station code)
Maximum gross weight, abbreviated "m g w" on road signs
Media gateway, a translation unit between telecommunications networks
Morgantown Municipal Airport, United States (IATA code)
Morgan Gibbs-White, professional footballer
Marianne Geraldine Walker, a soon to be doctor at the University of Loughborough |
Lemany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zatory, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
References
Lemany |
```c++
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include "envoy/config/core/v3/http_uri.pb.h"
#include "source/common/http/message_impl.h"
#include "source/common/protobuf/utility.h"
#include "source/extensions/filters/http/common/jwks_fetcher.h"
#include "test/extensions/filters/http/common/mock.h"
#include "test/mocks/http/mocks.h"
#include "test/mocks/server/factory_context.h"
#include "test/test_common/utility.h"
using envoy::extensions::filters::http::jwt_authn::v3::RemoteJwks;
namespace Envoy {
namespace Extensions {
namespace HttpFilters {
namespace Common {
namespace {
const char publicKey[] = R"(
{
"keys": [
{
"kty": "RSA",
"alg": "RS256",
"use": "sig",
"kid": "62a93512c9ee4c7f8067b5a216dade2763d32a47",
"n": your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashTqDziYQwZN4aGsqVKQb9Vw",
"e": "AQAB"
},
{
"kty": "RSA",
"alg": "RS256",
"use": "sig",
"kid": "b3319a147514df7ee5e4bcdee51350cc890cc89e",
"n": your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashTqDziYQwZN4aGsqVKQb9Vw",
"e": "AQAB"
}
]
}
)";
const std::string config = R"(
http_uri:
uri: path_to_url
cluster: pubkey_cluster
timeout:
seconds: 5
)";
class JwksFetcherTest : public testing::Test {
public:
void setupFetcher(const std::string& config_str) {
TestUtility::loadFromYaml(config_str, remote_jwks_);
mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_.initializeThreadLocalClusters(
{"pubkey_cluster"});
fetcher_ = JwksFetcher::create(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_,
remote_jwks_);
EXPECT_TRUE(fetcher_ != nullptr);
}
RemoteJwks remote_jwks_;
testing::NiceMock<Server::Configuration::MockFactoryContext> mock_factory_ctx_;
std::unique_ptr<JwksFetcher> fetcher_;
NiceMock<Tracing::MockSpan> parent_span_;
};
// Test findByIssuer
TEST_F(JwksFetcherTest, TestGetSuccess) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(config);
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_, "200",
publicKey);
MockJwksReceiver receiver;
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksSuccessImpl(testing::_));
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksError(testing::_)).Times(0);
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
}
TEST_F(JwksFetcherTest, TestGet400) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(config);
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_, "400",
"invalid");
MockJwksReceiver receiver;
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksSuccessImpl(testing::_)).Times(0);
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksError(JwksFetcher::JwksReceiver::Failure::Network));
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
}
TEST_F(JwksFetcherTest, TestGetNoBody) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(config);
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_, "200", "");
MockJwksReceiver receiver;
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksSuccessImpl(testing::_)).Times(0);
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksError(JwksFetcher::JwksReceiver::Failure::Network));
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
}
TEST_F(JwksFetcherTest, TestGetInvalidJwks) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(config);
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_, "200",
"invalid");
MockJwksReceiver receiver;
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksSuccessImpl(testing::_)).Times(0);
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksError(JwksFetcher::JwksReceiver::Failure::InvalidJwks));
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
}
TEST_F(JwksFetcherTest, TestHttpFailure) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(config);
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_,
Http::AsyncClient::FailureReason::Reset);
MockJwksReceiver receiver;
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksSuccessImpl(testing::_)).Times(0);
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksError(JwksFetcher::JwksReceiver::Failure::Network));
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
}
TEST_F(JwksFetcherTest, TestCancel) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(config);
Http::MockAsyncClientRequest request(&(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_
.thread_local_cluster_.async_client_));
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_, &request);
MockJwksReceiver receiver;
EXPECT_CALL(request, cancel());
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksSuccessImpl(testing::_)).Times(0);
EXPECT_CALL(receiver, onJwksError(testing::_)).Times(0);
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
// Proper cancel
fetcher_->cancel();
// Re-entrant cancel
fetcher_->cancel();
}
TEST_F(JwksFetcherTest, TestSpanPassedDown) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(config);
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_, "200",
publicKey);
NiceMock<MockJwksReceiver> receiver;
// Expectations for span
EXPECT_CALL(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_.thread_local_cluster_
.async_client_,
send_(_, _, _))
.WillOnce(Invoke(
[this](Http::RequestMessagePtr&, Http::AsyncClient::Callbacks&,
const Http::AsyncClient::RequestOptions& options) -> Http::AsyncClient::Request* {
EXPECT_TRUE(options.parent_span_ == &this->parent_span_);
EXPECT_TRUE(options.child_span_name_ == "JWT Remote PubKey Fetch");
return nullptr;
}));
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
}
struct RetryingParameters {
RetryingParameters(const std::string& config, uint32_t n, int64_t base_ms, int64_t max_ms)
: config_(config), expected_num_retries_(n), expected_backoff_base_interval_ms_(base_ms),
expected_backoff_max_interval_ms_(max_ms) {}
std::string config_;
uint32_t expected_num_retries_;
int64_t expected_backoff_base_interval_ms_;
int64_t expected_backoff_max_interval_ms_;
};
class JwksFetcherRetryingTest : public testing::TestWithParam<RetryingParameters> {
public:
void setupFetcher(const std::string& config_str) {
TestUtility::loadFromYaml(config_str, remote_jwks_);
mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_.initializeThreadLocalClusters(
{"pubkey_cluster"});
fetcher_ = JwksFetcher::create(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_,
remote_jwks_);
EXPECT_TRUE(fetcher_ != nullptr);
}
RemoteJwks remote_jwks_;
testing::NiceMock<Server::Configuration::MockFactoryContext> mock_factory_ctx_;
std::unique_ptr<JwksFetcher> fetcher_;
NiceMock<Tracing::MockSpan> parent_span_;
};
INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Retrying, JwksFetcherRetryingTest,
testing::Values(RetryingParameters{R"(
http_uri:
uri: path_to_url
cluster: pubkey_cluster
timeout:
seconds: 5
retry_policy:
retry_back_off:
base_interval: 0.1s
max_interval: 32s
num_retries: 10
)",
10, 100, 32000},
RetryingParameters{R"(
http_uri:
uri: path_to_url
cluster: pubkey_cluster
timeout:
seconds: 5
retry_policy: {}
)",
1, 1000, 10000},
RetryingParameters{R"(
http_uri:
uri: path_to_url
cluster: pubkey_cluster
timeout:
seconds: 5
retry_policy:
num_retries: 2
)",
2, 1000, 10000}));
TEST_P(JwksFetcherRetryingTest, TestCompleteRetryPolicy) {
// Setup
setupFetcher(GetParam().config_);
MockUpstream mock_pubkey(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_, "200",
publicKey);
NiceMock<MockJwksReceiver> receiver;
// Expectations for envoy.config.core.v3.RetryPolicy to envoy.config.route.v3.RetryPolicy
// used by async client.
// execution deep down in async_client_'s route entry implementation
// is not exercised here, just the configuration adaptation.
EXPECT_CALL(mock_factory_ctx_.server_factory_context_.cluster_manager_.thread_local_cluster_
.async_client_,
send_(_, _, _))
.WillOnce(Invoke(
[](Http::RequestMessagePtr&, Http::AsyncClient::Callbacks&,
const Http::AsyncClient::RequestOptions& options) -> Http::AsyncClient::Request* {
RetryingParameters const& rp = GetParam();
EXPECT_TRUE(options.retry_policy.has_value());
EXPECT_TRUE(options.buffer_body_for_retry);
EXPECT_TRUE(options.retry_policy.value().has_num_retries());
EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_GET_WRAPPED_REQUIRED(options.retry_policy.value(), num_retries),
rp.expected_num_retries_);
EXPECT_TRUE(options.retry_policy.value().has_retry_back_off());
EXPECT_TRUE(options.retry_policy.value().retry_back_off().has_base_interval());
EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_GET_MS_REQUIRED(options.retry_policy.value().retry_back_off(),
base_interval),
rp.expected_backoff_base_interval_ms_);
EXPECT_TRUE(options.retry_policy.value().retry_back_off().has_max_interval());
EXPECT_EQ(PROTOBUF_GET_MS_REQUIRED(options.retry_policy.value().retry_back_off(),
max_interval),
rp.expected_backoff_max_interval_ms_);
EXPECT_TRUE(options.retry_policy.value().has_per_try_timeout());
EXPECT_LE(PROTOBUF_GET_MS_REQUIRED(options.retry_policy.value().retry_back_off(),
max_interval),
PROTOBUF_GET_MS_REQUIRED(options.retry_policy.value(), per_try_timeout));
const std::string& retry_on = options.retry_policy.value().retry_on();
std::set<std::string> retry_on_modes = absl::StrSplit(retry_on, ',');
EXPECT_EQ(retry_on_modes.count("5xx"), 1);
EXPECT_EQ(retry_on_modes.count("gateway-error"), 1);
EXPECT_EQ(retry_on_modes.count("connect-failure"), 1);
EXPECT_EQ(retry_on_modes.count("reset"), 1);
return nullptr;
}));
// Act
fetcher_->fetch(parent_span_, receiver);
}
} // namespace
} // namespace Common
} // namespace HttpFilters
} // namespace Extensions
} // namespace Envoy
``` |
A soulmate is a person with whom one has a feeling of deep or natural affinity.
Soulmate may also refer to:
Film
Soul Mates (film), a 1925 silent drama
Soulmates (film), a 1997 drama film
Soul Mate (2002 film), a fantasy-comedy film
Soulmate (2013 film), a horror film
Soul Mate (2016 film), a Chinese romantic drama film
Soulmate (2023 film), a South Korean adaptation of the film
The Soul-Mate, a 2018 Korean drama
Music
Soulmate (band), a blues band from Shillong, India
Albums
Soulmate (album), a 2009 album by jacksoul
Soulmates (Joey Lawrence album), 1997
Soulmates (Ben Webster album), a 1963 album by Ben Webster with Joe Zawinul
Soul Mates (album), a jazz album by saxophonists Charlie Rouse and Sahib Shihab
Songs
"Soulmate" (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2007
"Soulmate" (Justin Timberlake song), 2018
"Soulmate", a song by Mac Miller from The Divine Feminine, 2016
"Soulmate", a song by Lizzo from Cuz I Love You, 2019
"Soulmate", a song by Wee Papa Girl Rappers, 1998
"Soul Mate #9", 2001
"Soul Mates", a song by Grant Nicholas from Yorktown Heights, 2014
"Soul Mate", a song by Flora Cash, 2021
"Soulmate", a song by Audio Adrenaline from Don't Censor Me, 1993
Television
"Soul Mates", a 1994 episode of Babylon 5
"The Soul Mate", a 1996 episode of Seinfeld
"Soulmates" (Parks and Recreation), a 2011 episode of Parks and Recreation
Soul Mates (TV series), a 2014 Australian television comedy series
Soulmates (TV series), a 2020 American television anthology series
Other uses
Soulmates (play), a play by David Williamson
See also
Soul Mates (disambiguation) |
Waka music is a popular Islamic-oriented Yoruba musical genre. It was made popular by Alhaja Batile Alake from Ijebu, who took the genre into the mainstream Nigerian music by playing it at concerts and parties; also, she was the first waka singer to record an album. Later, younger singers like Salawa Abeni and Kuburatu Alaragbo joined the pack. In 1992, Salawa Abeni was crowned "Queen of Waka" by the Alafin of Oyo, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi.
Waka music has no connection whatsoever with the official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup called Waka Waka (This Time for Africa) which is a traditional African soldiers' song from Cameroon.
References
Nigerian music
Yoruba music
Islamic music |
Crypsimetalla is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
References
Ennominae |
Tonga Tuʻiʻafitu, styled Lord Tuʻiʻafitu (born October 3, 1962) is a Tongan noble, clergyman, politician and Cabinet Minister.
Tuʻiʻafitu has a BDiv degree from Siaʻatoutai Theological College and two MA degrees, in Political Science and in Public Policy, both from the Australian National University.
Tuʻiʻafitu began his career in national politics when he was elected to Parliament as Noble's Representative for Vavaʻu in the November 2010 general election. He was appointed Deputy Speaker in the Legislative Assembly. On 5 July 2012, he was appointed Minister for Health in Prime Minister Lord Tuʻivakano's Cabinet, following ‘Uliti Uata's resignation to join the Opposition.
On 28 December 2021 he was appointed to the Cabinet of Siaosi Sovaleni as Minister for Lands and Natural Resources. He was the only noble appointed to Sovaleni's Cabinet.
Honours
National honours
Order of Queen Sālote Tupou III, Commander (31 July 2008).
References
1962 births
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga
Tongan nobles
Living people
Tongan Christian clergy
Australian National University alumni
People from Vavaʻu
Ministers of Health of Tonga
Government ministers of Tonga |
Operation Java is a 2021 Indian Malayalam-language crime thriller film produced by V Cinemas International, written and directed by Tharun Moorthy (in his feature film debut). It stars an ensemble cast including Balu Varghese, Lukman Avaran, Binu Pappu, Irshad, Shine Tom Chacko, Mamitha Baiju and Vinayakan. The story details an investigation undertaken by a cyber cell police station in Kochi. The film released on 12 February 2021 and received positive reviews from critics.
Synopsis
The film is based on real-life cases and portrays investigations undertaken by a cyber cell police station in Cochin over the period of a year and half with the help of two engineering graduates. Cases involve film piracy, job fraud, and murder. Antony George and Vinay Dasan are the two opportunist youths who join the team as temporary employees in the cyber cell and help the team solve cases using their skills. In the end, they end up not permanently hired, in spite of the initial promise. The film explores the darker side of information technology and its users. The film also conveys the struggles of temporary/ intern/ apprentice staff who work hard but don't get proper recognition or financial benefits for their work.
Cast
Balu Varghese as Antony George
Lukman Avaran as Vinaya Dasan
Irshad as SI Prathapan, SHO - Cyber Cell, Kochi Unit
Binu Pappu as ASI Joy, Cyber Cell Kochi Unit
Prasanth Alexander as Basheer, Senior CPO -Cyber Cell Kochi Unit
Shine Tom Chacko as CI Jacob Mani
Sminu Sijo as Antony's mother
Vinayakan as Ramanathan
Dhanya Ananya as Janaki, Ramanathan's wife
Mamitha Baiju as Alphonsa
Johny Antony as Baburaj
P. Balachandran as Balachandran
Mathew Thomas as Jerry
Anju Mary Thomas as Anjali, Jerry's love interest
Unniraj as Akhileshettan, Anjali's love interest
Sarath Thenumoola as Vellayyan
Vinitha Koshy as Shruthi
Rithu Manthra as Kavitha David
Dinesh Prabhakar as Johnny, Kavitha's husband
Deepak Vijayan as Aneesh
Jose Shipyard as Police Officer Peter
Sanjay K Nair as Sanjay
Vinod Bose as Ravi
Parvathy
Althaf Salim
Akhil as Dany
Jaiz as Jaiz
Sufi as Aravind
Dilshana Dilshad as Maya (Ramanathan's daughter)
Sanju as Sanju Techy
Shiny Zara as Sanju Techy's mother
Anil Kumar
Jaise Jose
Sunil Meleppuram
Manikandan as Driver Baburaj
Sreeja Ajith as Jerry's mother
Eldho Raju
Ramesh Chandran
Production
Tharun Moorthy was a former assistant professor of Computer Science and Engineering in college Of Engineering Kidangoor who turned into an advertisement filmmaker. Operation Java is the feature film directorial debut of Moorthy who also wrote the screenplay. It was screenwriter John Paul Puthusery who invited Moorthy to make a feature film after seeing a short film he scripted. Director Moorthy described the film as an investigative thriller, and it's based on real-life cases that follows an investigation by a team over a period of a year-and-a-half. It takes place in 2015 - 2017 period. The film was produced by V Cinemas International
Principal photography took place at Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Vaikom, and Tamil Nadu. A location in Kakkanad served as the police station. Faiz Siddik was the cinematographer. Filming was wrapped in early March 2020. Dubbing of the film was held at a studio in Kochi in June 2020.
Home Media
The satellite rights and digital rights of the film is acquired by Zee Keralam channel and ZEE5 OTT platform.
This film premiered on 15 May through the Television Channel Zee Keralam and through Zee5 OTT platform.
Reception
Baradwaj Rangan of Film Companion South wrote "The film is a beautiful combination of romance and practicality and the cruelty of the establishment."
Music
The original soundtrack is composed, programmed, and arranged by Jakes Bejoy.
References
External links
2020s Malayalam-language films
2021 films
2021 crime thriller films
Films scored by Jakes Bejoy |
The Singapore National Ice Hockey League is the ice hockey league in Singapore. It was first contested in 1995.
Champions
2017: D1: Singapore Scotiabank, D2: JOG, D3: Momentum
2016: Scotia
2015: SEB
2014: Triple-O Singapore
2013: Singapore Scotiabank
2010-2012: none
2009: White Team
2008: Harrys
2007: San Miguel
2006: M1 Hornets
2005: Linear Technology Lions
2004: Brewerkz Bruins
2003: M1 Hornets
2002: Continental Wings
2001: Linear Technology Lions
2000: Singapore Khalsa Association
1999: Chenab
1998: Singapore Recreation Club
1997: Singapore Recreation Club
1996: Singapore Indian Association
1995: Singapore Recreation Club
References
External links
List of champions on internationalhockey.net
National Ice Hockey League of Singapore official website
Ice hockey in Singapore
Ice hockey leagues in Asia |
Sabbath economics is an economic system championed by Christian theologian Ched Myers. The model is an application of the economic aspects of the Biblical Sabbath to modern socioeconomics. In the introduction of his book introducing this model, Myers states that "God's people are instructed to dismantle, on a regular basis, the fundamental patterns and structures of stratified wealth and power, so that there is 'enough for everyone.' " This statement contains two of the core principles of Myer's socioeconomic vision:
The focus on voluntary redistribution of wealth
A foundation of abundance as opposed to scarcity in other modern economic models.
The Biblical concepts from which Sabbath economics draws are:
Sabbath day, particularly during the journey through the wilderness as described in Exodus 15-17
Sabbath year, described in Exodus 23, where the land was not cultivated, and Israelite slaves were released every seventh year
Year of Jubilee every 50th year, when all debts were cancelled and all property returned to the original owners
Others have since sought to explore the ideas of a Sabbath economy in practical ways. Sabbath economics and related concepts of jubilee economics have also received attention from the liberation theology community, and other Christian thinkers who focus on social justice, gender equality and other humanitarian issues.
References
Christian ethics
Christian radicalism
Christian terminology
Economic systems
Economy and Christianity
Sabbath |
```objective-c
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef V8_VM_STATE_INL_H_
#define V8_VM_STATE_INL_H_
#include "src/vm-state.h"
#include "src/log.h"
#include "src/simulator.h"
#include "src/tracing/trace-event.h"
namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
//
// VMState class implementation. A simple stack of VM states held by the
// logger and partially threaded through the call stack. States are pushed by
// VMState construction and popped by destruction.
//
inline const char* StateToString(StateTag state) {
switch (state) {
case JS:
return "JS";
case GC:
return "GC";
case COMPILER:
return "COMPILER";
case OTHER:
return "OTHER";
case EXTERNAL:
return "EXTERNAL";
default:
UNREACHABLE();
return NULL;
}
}
template <StateTag Tag>
VMState<Tag>::VMState(Isolate* isolate)
: isolate_(isolate), previous_tag_(isolate->current_vm_state()) {
if (FLAG_log_timer_events && previous_tag_ != EXTERNAL && Tag == EXTERNAL) {
LOG(isolate_, TimerEvent(Logger::START, TimerEventExternal::name()));
}
isolate_->set_current_vm_state(Tag);
}
template <StateTag Tag>
VMState<Tag>::~VMState() {
if (FLAG_log_timer_events && previous_tag_ != EXTERNAL && Tag == EXTERNAL) {
LOG(isolate_, TimerEvent(Logger::END, TimerEventExternal::name()));
}
isolate_->set_current_vm_state(previous_tag_);
}
ExternalCallbackScope::ExternalCallbackScope(Isolate* isolate, Address callback)
: isolate_(isolate),
callback_(callback),
previous_scope_(isolate->external_callback_scope()) {
#ifdef USE_SIMULATOR
scope_address_ = Simulator::current(isolate)->get_sp();
#endif
isolate_->set_external_callback_scope(this);
if (FLAG_runtime_call_stats) {
RuntimeCallStats* stats = isolate->counters()->runtime_call_stats();
timer_.Initialize(&stats->ExternalCallback, stats->current_timer());
stats->Enter(&timer_);
}
TRACE_EVENT_BEGIN0(TRACE_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT("v8.runtime"),
"V8.ExternalCallback");
}
ExternalCallbackScope::~ExternalCallbackScope() {
if (FLAG_runtime_call_stats) {
isolate_->counters()->runtime_call_stats()->Leave(&timer_);
}
isolate_->set_external_callback_scope(previous_scope_);
TRACE_EVENT_END0(TRACE_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT("v8.runtime"),
"V8.ExternalCallback");
}
Address ExternalCallbackScope::scope_address() {
#ifdef USE_SIMULATOR
return scope_address_;
#else
return reinterpret_cast<Address>(this);
#endif
}
} // namespace internal
} // namespace v8
#endif // V8_VM_STATE_INL_H_
``` |
Start Up is a national American docu-series television show created by Gary Bredow. The series is produced by Jenny Feterovich and Gary Bredow and is broadcast by public television stations.
Premise
The show is filmed all across America where host Gary Bredow conducts in-depth interviews with small business owners about how they were able to get their business off the ground. Season 1 (2013) consisted of 13 half-hour episodes. Season 2 (2014) consisted of 13 half-hour episodes. Season 3 (2015) consisted of 13 half-hour episodes. Season 4 will premiere in early September 2016.
Gary Bredow is a dedicated advocate for American small business. Although his focus has always been on writing and film, as an entrepreneur, he co-owns several businesses in the Detroit area including Detroit Tough Gym with producer Jenny Feterovich, Fern and Dales Hair Salon with wife Rebecca and Brooklyn Street Studios.
"It started off as just overwhelming curiosity in how people did business," Bredow said. "I wanted to be a better business person."
"There's something really incredible happening in this country. People are fed up with traditional employment, and they're taking back control of their lives. It's truly inspiring, and I feel incredibly privileged to be part of the entrepreneur movement in America." says Gary Bredow
Inspiration
The inspiration for START UP came at the height of the financial crash in 2009. His father had lost his pension and retirement benefits, and Bredow noticed that many of the people around him were deciding to pursue their own business versus seeking new employment. “It ended up being the perfect storm. These things that kept them up at night, that they fantasized about doing, now they were forced to do it,” he said. “It ended up being a positive thing and that's really how the idea for Start Up was born." Bredow called on friend and producer Jenny Feterovich to partner with him on the series. Feterovich cast the first season of the START UP through a rigorous research process, casting 39 businesses that made it into Season one. Now entering their 4th season, Bredow says "We really want to do this as long as humanly possible, and we'll never run out of fascinating stories."
Awards
The show was nominated for an Emmy Award on June 14, 2014, at the 36th annual Emmy Awards, National Academy of Arts and Science Michigan Chapter.
References
2014 American television series debuts
2010s American documentary television series |
is a Japanese multi-award-winning television comedy series, based on the manga series Drops of God. Produced by Nippon TV and featuring Kazuya Kamenashi, Seiichi Tanabe, Riisa Naka, Nozomi Sasaki, and Yuki Uchida, it was first broadcast on January 13, 2009, running until March 10, 2009. In the Nikkan Sports Drama Grand Prix Winter 2009 Awards, the series received awards in four of the main categories.
Cast
Main
Kazuya Kamenashi as Shizuku Kanzaki
Seiichi Tanabe as Issei Tōmine
Riisa Naka as Miyabi Shinohara
Yuki Uchida as Maki Saionji
Naho Toda as Ryōko Kiryū
Nozomi Sasaki as Sara
Naoto Takenaka as Robert Toi
Guest
Yuika Motokariya as Suzuka Watanuki
Ai Kato as Kaori Mizusawa
Kenta Satoi
Denden
Hiroko Yamashita
References
External links
Japanese drama television series
2009 in Japanese television
2009 Japanese television series debuts
2009 Japanese television series endings
Japanese television dramas based on manga
Nippon TV dramas
Comedy-drama television series
Television series about wine |
James F. Moore studies co-evolution in social and economic systems. He is best known for pioneering the Business ecosystem approach to studying networks of organizations that together constitute a system of mutual support and that co-evolve contributions.
The business ecosystem is a form of organization distinct from and parallel to markets and firms. Moore argues that Business ecosystem is an essential unit of analysis for competition law, economics, sociology and management—a concept and unit of analysis that has been found necessary and helpful in business strategy and practice for many years.
His recent work involves an in-depth study of the multiple and interconnected nano science, semiconductor, System-on-Chips, global telecommunications services, smartphones and Internet-of-things devices, and app ecosystems.
Academia
Moore was a Senior Fellow at Harvard Law School's Berkman Center for Internet & Society from 2000 to 2004. He studied the interaction of law, technology and economic development in Africa.
Moore is on the Dean's Council of the Harvard School of Public Health and is a member of the International Advisory Board of the Harvard AIDS Institute and the Harvard AIDS Initiative.
Activism
In the spring of 2003 Moore began advocating against the US invasion of Iraq and wrote "The Second Superpower Rears its Beautiful Head" which imagines how citizens worldwide might someday join through Internet technology, engage international institutions, and help set global policy.
In the Winter of 2003-4 Moore was Director of Internet and Information Services for the Howard Dean campaign for US President.
In 2004 he co-founded the human rights blog "Passion of the Present" and blogged daily for more than a year to mobilize support for the victims of genocide in Darfur, Sudan. He was instrumental in the early days of Save Darfur Coalition, as well as the Genocide Intervention Network.
Business strategy
In an earlier career, Moore was a business strategist. He pioneered the term "business ecosystem" and was central in developing an ecological approach to business and economic strategy.
He presented an early version of this approach in a Harvard Business Review article entitled Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition in May/June 1993, as well as in a book, The Death of Competition: Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems
References
American businesspeople
Berkman Fellows
Evergreen State College alumni
Harvard University alumni
Williams College alumni
Episcopal Divinity School alumni
Stanford University alumni
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health people
Living people
1948 births |
Geoffrey Batchen (born 21 November 1956, Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian art historian. Since 2020, Batchen has been Professor of Art History at the University of Oxford.
Career
Professor
Assistant Professor, Visual Arts, University of California, San Diego, 1991–1996; Associate Professor, Art and Art History, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1996–2001; Professor of Art History: City University of New York Graduate Center, New York City, 2002–2010; Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, 2010–2019.
Much of Batchen's work as a professor and curator focuses on the history of photography.
Curator
His curated exhibitions have been shown at the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro; the New England Regional Art Museum in Amridale, Australia; the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam; the National Media Museum in Bradford, England; the International Center of Photography in New York; the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Cologne, Germany; the Izu Photo Museum in Shizuoka, Japan; the National Museum of Iceland in Reykjavik; the Adam Art Gallery in Wellington, New Zealand; the Govett-Brewster Art Gallery in New Plymouth, NZ; and the Centre for Contemporary Photography in Melbourne, Australia.
Bibliography
Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography (MIT Press, 1997)
Each Wild Idea: Writing, Photography, History (MIT Press, 2001)
Forget Me Not: Photography and Remembrance (Princeton Architectural Press, 2004)
William Henry Fox Talbot (Phaidon Press, France, 2008)
What of Shoes: Van Gogh and Art History (E. A. Seemann, 2009)
Photography Degree Zero: Reflections on Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida (MIT Press, 2009)
Suspending Time: Life, Photography, Death (2010)
Emanations: The Art of the Cameraless Photograph (Prestel Publishing, 2016)
Apparitions: Photography and Dissemination (Power Publications, 2018)
Negative/Positive: A History of Photography (Routledge, 2020)
References
1956 births
Living people
British art historians
Academics of the University of Oxford |
I Warned You (stylized as "I warned you!") is the final album by Belgian skiffle musician, Ferre Grignard, released in 1978.
Several tracks have been known to be played more than a decade before recording. "All Right" had been played for a French television broadcast in 1973. "Orphan Blues" had been played live in the late 1960s. A live 1966 recording of "I'm Alabama Bound" appears on the LP Beat & Prosa
"On My Dying Bed" has an incorrect running time of 5:30 on the LP label. There are three extra verses printed on the lyrics sheet, presumably cut out during the mastering of the album. This running time is in fact that of its demo "The First of the Sick Animals", released on Lost Tracks.
The lyric sheet has a vast number of typos on it, this is due to Ferre's style of singing. Either a transcript typed out an interpretation of the lyrics, or Ferre sang them in his loose English and provided the printing press with his lyric sheets. Due to Ferre's cut-up style, however, he improvised much of his vocal output using various lines such as "sailing down" and "sun shine bright".
Although several of the self-penned songs are credited thus, some parts are lifted from other songs following the folk tradition. "The New Sheriff" shares some verses with Woody Guthrie's "Dead or Alive". "All Right" has one bit culled from "Roving Gambler". "Orphan Blues" is almost a copy of "I've Been Treated Wrong".
Track List
Personnel
Ferre worked with members of the Belgian blues band 5th Ball Gang, during the late 1970s. The members he worked with are seen posing with him on the back cover of the album, in the dining room of the house Ferre was living in at the time, the mansion of fellow Flemish songwriter Peter Benoit.
Ferre Grignard: vocals & guitar
Hugo Spencer: bass & vocals
Trevor Pape: lead guitar
Luk Kuypers: drums
William Down: mandolin, violin & banjo
George "Toet" Smits: harmonica
References
Ferre Grignard albums
1978 albums
Philips Records albums |
Tibor Mamusich (19 November 1911 – 22 October 1999) was a Hungarian rower.
Mamusich competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin with the coxless pair alongside Károly Győry where they came fourth. They also competed in the coxed pair, with László Molnár as coxswain, but they did not start in their semi-final race.
References
1911 births
1999 deaths
Hungarian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Hungary
Rowers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
People from Baja, Hungary
European Rowing Championships medalists
Sportspeople from Bács-Kiskun County |
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